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https://luau.org/ | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:02.962600+00:00 | # Luau
# Luau
Luau (lowercase *u*, /ˈlu.aʊ/) is a small, fast, and embeddable programming language based on Lua with a gradual type system.
[Get Started](/getting-started/) [News](/news/) [Try Luau on... | 539 | 22c2a99984fc77c6ae015fc7e14d9f90a976f16e1080716ebe98ee2b1058b0e1 |
https://luau.org/getting-started | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:03.757058+00:00 | # An introduction to Luau
Luau is a fast, small, safe, gradually typed embeddable scripting language derived from Lua 5.1. Luau ships as a command line tool for running, analyzing, and linting your Luau scripts, and is also integrated with Roblox Studio. Roblox developers should also visit our [Creator Docs Luau Secti... | 748 | 8e76ae8c1e986cb9193c0142f1db9cfbe580969db5cdd1995992db4d022f403e |
https://luau.org/types/type-functions | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:03.838279+00:00 | # Type Functions
Type functions are functions that run during analysis time and operate on types, instead of runtime values. They can use the [types](../../types-library) library to transform existing types or create new ones.
Here’s a simplified implementation of the builtin type function `keyof`. It takes a table t... | 231 | fad496a7470485d7fad08ad65120a221484d593280ed3b47873969524992dfc1 |
https://luau.org/types/type-refinements | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:03.848275+00:00 | # Type Refinements
When we check the type of any lvalue (a global, a local, or a property), what we’re doing is we’re refining the type, hence “type refinement.” The support for this is arbitrarily complex, so go at it!
Here are all the ways you can refine:
1. Truthy test: `if x then` will refine `x` to be truthy.
2... | 268 | 830f33274547e72242a858fb87b7d5ec1e2faad2d82afe2a245819fa90f7a82a |
https://luau.org/news | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:03.905831+00:00 | # News
The latest news from the Luau team! Stay up to date with new features, performance improvements, and language updates.
[Luau Recap for 2025: Runtime
Posted December 19, 2025](/news/2025-12-19-luau-recap-runtime-2025)[Recap: July 2024
Posted July 23, 2024](/news/2024-07-23-luau-recap-july-2024)[Recap: October... | 1,351 | fecd0cc7be6a9072b53d2fcea199fb19c5ce0ef1b8ad4d27f8788205efe3629d |
https://luau.org/compatibility | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.765620+00:00 | # Compatibility with Lua
Luau is based on Lua 5.1, and as such incorporates all features of 5.1, except for ones that had to be taken out due to sandboxing limitations. Because of backwards compatibility constraints, we don’t remove features deprecated by later versions (e.g. we still support `getfenv`/`setfenv`). Lat... | 3,109 | 2a3a92b775697730e74d3be24104ef78b9f7f398aa0a3c1f26924ba4430aca9b |
https://luau.org/why | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.773672+00:00 | # Why Luau?
Around 2006, [Roblox](https://www.roblox.com) started using Lua 5.1 as a scripting language for games. Over the years the runtime had to be tweaked to provide a safe, secure sandboxed environment; we gradually started accumulating small library changes and tweaks.
Over the course of the last few years, in... | 622 | bd9deccc783d8888a77bdc060f9e07284936c90d09b3f979ed450afeb4f69224 |
https://luau.org/performance | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.836279+00:00 | # How we make Luau fast
One of main goals of Luau is to enable high performance code, with gameplay code being the main use case. This can be viewed as two separate goals:
- Make idiomatic code that wasn’t tuned faster
- Enable even higher performance through careful tuning
Both of these goals are important - it’s i... | 6,321 | 432a2aefd303b74f2e83dea42a0bb1e2b8aa72fd7d760996f856dba6ff04e278 |
https://luau.org/lint | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.864226+00:00 | # Luau's linter
Luau comes with a set of linting passes, that help make sure that the code is correct and consistent. Unlike the type checker, that models the behavior of the code thoroughly and points toward type mismatches that are likely to result in runtime errors, the linter is more opinionated and produces warni... | 2,730 | 0dccc626753c8734606c81e0824f30ff93cd8763f435b8148c50016e02bcb55a |
https://luau.org/sandbox | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.891891+00:00 | # Embedding a sandboxed Luau virtual machine
Luau is safe to embed. Broadly speaking, this means that even in the face of untrusted (and in Roblox case, actively malicious) code, the language and the standard library don’t allow unsafe access to the underlying system, and don’t have known bugs that allow escaping out ... | 1,772 | 514410ccca384947fd4fd84024f2e2e8ca01e616c5a64d4ac931159de5d5793f |
https://luau.org/syntax | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:05.917502+00:00 | # Luau syntax by example
Luau uses the baseline [syntax of Lua 5.1](https://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#2). For detailed documentation, please refer to the Lua manual, this is an example:
Note that future versions of Lua extend the Lua 5.1 syntax with more features; Luau does support string literal extensions ... | 2,038 | f093f5481f5fda480ba73cad65adaa727d6113005d374299059880db38793d77 |
https://luau.org/types/basic-types | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.583073+00:00 | # Primitives and Simple Types
## Builtin types
The Luau VM supports 10 primitive types:
1. `nil`
2. `string`
3. `number`
4. `boolean`
5. `table`
6. `function`
7. `thread`
8. `userdata`
9. `vector`
10. `buffer`
Most of these can be specified by their name and written directly in type annotations:
Some types have sp... | 935 | a5b825ecc658e2b4c9fc7ba07c2ff87ea6dd8a362f1f5ab495325fb3337396ff |
https://luau.org/types/generics | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.636747+00:00 | # Generics and Polymorphism
The type inference engine was built from the ground up to recognize generics. A generic is simply a type parameter in which another type could be slotted in. It’s extremely useful because it allows the type inference engine to remember what the type actually is, unlike `any`.
## Generic fu... | 224 | a75a5636e19419d99537d17538399accd51a4c1ea853b655fe258ae50ef14527 |
https://luau.org/guides/profile | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.648325+00:00 | # Profiling your Luau code
One of main goals of Luau is to enable high performance code. To help with that goal, we are relentlessly optimizing the compiler and runtime - but ultimately, performance of their
code is in developers’ hands, and is a combination of good algorithm design and implementation that adheres to ... | 722 | 7f638f2603cefaf2b5e3cd87a64031194f4800e2bf97c6bb6c3ff312a7c4861a |
https://luau.org/types/unions-and-intersections | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.666317+00:00 | # Union and Intersection Types
## Union types
A union type represents *one of* the types in this set. If you try to pass a union onto another thing that expects a *more specific* type, it will fail.
For example, what if this `string | number` was passed into something that expects `number`, but the passed in value w... | 327 | 29d45b15298e685b887b431cfbf123705973bc514e11e3abaaa5633caea45790 |
https://luau.org/types/tables | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.679420+00:00 | # Table Types
From the type checker perspective, each table can be in one of three states. They are: `unsealed table`, `sealed table`, and `generic table`. This is intended to represent how the table’s type is allowed to change.
### Unsealed tables
An unsealed table is a table which supports adding new properties, w... | 454 | 6aecb6a9ce8d4b112416b6019521e01c0c36df7afd6a7c41bfb5361e1679711f |
https://luau.org/types | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:08.686353+00:00 | # An introduction to Luau types
Luau supports a gradual type system through the use of type annotations and type inference. These types are used to provide warnings, errors, and suggestions for our developers. Type checking helps you find bugs early - while you’re writing code - rather than discovering when your progr... | 827 | 57b422bda0f687bb32b8bd6034a6220713097fc240b89a43f77b5fd6a64d169b |
https://luau.org/types/considerations | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.317612+00:00 | # Additional Considerations
## Module interactions
Let’s say that we have two modules, `Foo` and `Bar`. Luau will try to resolve the paths if it can find any `require` in any scripts. In this case, when you say `./bar`, Luau will resolve it as: relative to this script, go to my sibling script named Bar.
There are so... | 145 | baef40ddd1f529bac9c0efda866830e806d4d5d0d37ef2aead7aae5ab730a952 |
https://luau.org/types/object-oriented-programs | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.386879+00:00 | # Object-Oriented Programming
## Adding types for faux object oriented programs
One common pattern we see with existing Lua/Luau code is the following object-oriented code. While Luau is capable of inferring a decent chunk of this code, it cannot pin down on the types of `self` when it spans multiple methods.
For ex... | 524 | d969ee68fb99f84f9a6594ba9010fdceb2e8b2a912546bb7b59b77599ea38c1e |
https://luau.org/grammar | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.403721+00:00 | # Syntax Grammar
This is the complete syntax grammar for Luau in EBNF. More information about the terminal nodes STRING and NUMBER
is available in the [syntax section](../syntax). | 39 | 319521766722a45709bd0fda051e44ff6b0cced4b4ed7bf25ac799bf72b4c840 |
https://luau.org/types-library | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.451467+00:00 | # Type Function Library
The `types` library is used to create and transform types, and can only be used within [type functions](../types/type-functions).
### `types` library properties
The [any](../types/basic-types#any-type) `type`.
The [unknown](../types/basic-types#unknown-type) `type`.
The [never](../types/bas... | 1,407 | ba5338fe3ffdeb2169bbde778203988d908cf8b2809ac092b6b75fc1c0c0aa66 |
https://luau.org/types/roblox-types | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.479596+00:00 | # Foreign Types from the Embedder
Roblox supports a rich set of classes and data types, [documented here](https://developer.roblox.com/en-us/api-reference). All of them are readily available for the type checker to use by their name (e.g. `Part` or `RaycastResult`).
When one type inherits from another type, the type ... | 220 | f556a7d92df211cd4145756786b970639855e69654ec486067e71856ba0f700e |
https://luau.org/library | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:11.574184+00:00 | # Standard Library
Luau comes equipped with a standard library of functions designed to manipulate the built-in data types. Note that the library is relatively minimal and doesn’t expose ways for
scripts to interact with the host environment - it’s expected that embedding applications provide extra functionality on to... | 8,408 | 6aef50d03ccf4727b75c3900e932bf47ea2b02b14028107c09ae3781c6790ef7 |
https://luau.org/news/2024-07-23-luau-recap-july-2024 | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:14.064941+00:00 | # Recap: July 2024
July 23, 2024
Hello everyone!
While the Luau team is actively working on a big rewrite of the type inference and type checking engines (more news about that in the near future), we wanted to go over other changes and updates since our last recap back in October.
## Official Luau mascot
Luau has ... | 1,896 | 1f0084f3fd52ee0dabdeac6536dcccbd58c3bafd46ee7906a754006176802d91 |
https://luau.org/news/2023-11-01-luau-recap-october-2023 | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:14.090002+00:00 | # Recap: October 2023
November 1, 2023
We’re still quite busy working on some big type checking updates that we hope to talk about soon, but we have a few equally exciting updates to share in the meantime!
Let’s dive in!
## Floor Division
Luau now has a floor division operator. It is spelled `//`:
For numbers, `a... | 1,747 | 8f0b70aa8a3c2885c83c619110c93a368bf784adb4cc061db55c050862b69c6f |
https://luau.org/news/2023-07-28-luau-recap-july-2023 | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:14.100982+00:00 | # Recap: July 2023
July 28, 2023
Our team is still spending a lot of time working on upcoming replacement for our type inference engine as well as working on native code generation to improve runtime performance.
However, we also worked on unrelated improvements during this time that are summarized here.
## Analysi... | 599 | 84eba13bfaa20aa40b3d28c2a607dc7b8ac8d1d75ab1e0ce3240f2a052744bf6 |
https://luau.org/news/2025-12-19-luau-recap-runtime-2025 | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:14.123054+00:00 | # Luau Recap for 2025: Runtime
December 19, 2025
Hello everyone!
It has been a while since the last recap and we wanted to go over changes we have made in Luau since the last update.
Because of the amount of time that passed, in this part of the recap, we are going to focus on the runtime changes: new library funct... | 2,307 | 971b899a90ab1bfe03227ebf9dbed3a36612d1dd0a97f0b1c98cb1e44a09dab9 |
https://luau.org/news/2023-03-31-luau-recap-march-2023 | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:15.996439+00:00 | # Recap: March 2023
March 31, 2023
How the time flies! The team has been busy since the last November Recap:working on some large updates that are coming in the future, but before those arrive, we have some improvements that you can already use!
## Improved type refinements
Type refinements handle constraints place... | 1,207 | f9a521de5b65d5207789bbe459740bb830a9141edaec675d95c8d6c668ee2b39 |
https://luau.org/news/2023-02-02-luau-string-interpolation | https://luau.org/ | 2026-03-29T11:32:16.026787+00:00 | # String Interpolation
February 2, 2023
String interpolation is the new syntax introduced to Luau that allows you to create a string literal with expressions inside of that string literal.
In short, it’s a safer and more ergonomic alternative over `string.format`.
Here’s a quick example of a string interpolation:
... | 159 | 00c166e196fbcbb4a6112567b4ef28a0d727aecc1aedc06ae1cfbc970db37143 |
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