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Early processing of the six basic facial emotional expressions. Facial emotions represent an important part of non-verbal communication used in everyday life. Recent studies on emotional processing have implicated differing brain regions for different emotions, but little has been determined on the timing of this processing. Here we presented a large number of unfamiliar faces expressing the six basic emotions, plus neutral faces, to 26 young adults while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). Subjects were naive with respect to the specific questions investigated; it was an implicit emotional task. ERPs showed global effects of emotion from 90 ms (P1), while latency and amplitude differences among emotional expressions were seen from 140 ms (N170 component). Positive emotions evoked N170 significantly earlier than negative emotions and the amplitude of N170 evoked by fearful faces was larger than neutral or surprised faces. At longer latencies (330-420 ms) at fronto-central sites, we also found a different pattern of effects among emotions. Localization analyses confirmed the superior and middle-temporal regions for early processing of facial expressions; the negative emotions elicited later, distinctive activations. The data support a model of automatic, rapid processing of emotional expressions.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
2,000+ Year-Old ‘Biblical’ Town Discovered Archaeologist Dr. Ken Dark of the University of Reading (Berkshire, England) and a team currently in the midst of a field survey study, have claimed to have potentially discovered the location of an ancient city known as Dalmanutha in modern day Israel. Dark and his team have managed to unearth artifacts leading to this assertion in a location slightly north of the present-day city of Tiberias, Israel. The primary bulk of evidence has been collected on the northwest coast of the Sea of Galilee in what is known as the Ginosar valley (Israel). The discovery is not quite set in stone (so to speak), and the claim is still under scrutiny among those familiar with the area and the history of this alleged biblical city. Although the current findings can only be deemed speculative, the mass of data recorded by the team has many people asking if this could indeed be the location of the archaic township they are presenting it as. To date, Dalmanutha has yet to have any objective link to a specific location making Dark’s contention completely plausible. Many who have commented about the find have stated that it is unlikely that this hypothesis will ever be validated as fact. Regardless of whether or not anyone will ever be able to prove that this was the site of the city, the items the team have presented are said to be over 2,000 years old. Throughout history Dalmanutha was a city who’s existence was only truly discussed in the Bible. Dalmanutha is mentioned in a few verses throughout the New Testament as the city Jesus sailed to after “feeding the five thousand people” (by performing the miracle of multiplying fish and bread – the only “miracle” described in all four gospels). The city is mentioned in both the Gospel of Matthew and of Mark. In both instances of scripture, Dalmanutha is implied as a naval/port community which is what directed Dr. Dark and his team to think that this was in fact it’s location. The artifacts found at the site included: pottery remains, tiles, weights, and stone anchors – insinuating that the location was pretty certainly a fishing/boating based district. In addition to supporting the naval theories, the pottery items found suggest that throughout history, the location was probably home to Jewish people and others who may have held polytheistic beliefs, both coexisting at the same time periods. These items were said to have “clearly” been from a thriving economical area around the 1st century A.D. Dark and his team found samples of “vessel glass and amphora”, both entities commonly associated with a prosperous region. Dr. Dark, who obtained his PhD from the University of Cambridge in England, stated, “the vessel glass and amphora hint at wealth.” Dark continued to mention more of his findings in his article recently published in the Palestine Exploration Quarterly Journal, “Weights and stone anchors, along with the access to beaches suitable for landing boats – and, of course, the first-century boat.” (image) Biblically speaking, Dalmanutha is associated with the vicinity of Magdala according to scripture. Magdala, or Magadan, is allegedly said to have been the home and birthplace of Mary Magdalene. Matthew 15:39 speaks of Jesus’ departure to Magadan (more specifically the city of Dalmanutha): “After Jesus had sent the crowd away, he got into the boat and went to the vicinity of Magadan.” It is again, later discussed in Mark 8-10, “he got into the boat with his disciples and went to the region of Dalmanutha.”	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Q: MediaWiki Internal Error I have been running a mediawiki server for many years now at my company. Recently to combat a problem I was having with PDF uploading when they contained metadata, I have moved to the latest revision of all the software on my Gentoo box (Mediawiki 1.18.1, PHP 5.4.0, PostgreSQL 9.1.3) Now certain pages (two category pages which receive heavy usage) return the same PHP error. Warning: Illegal string offset 'LIMIT' in /var/www/localhost/htdocs/includes/db/Database.php on line 1377 It then has 5 or 6 complaints about that error. Then comes the line: Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /var/www/localhost/htdocs/includes/resourceloader/ResourceLoaderWikiModule.php on line 177 Then says the whole thing is a mediawiki internal error. It then tells me that the original exception: Original exception: exception 'DBQueryError' with message 'A database error has occurred. Did you forget to run maintenance/update.php after upgrading? See: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Upgrading#Run_the_update_script Query: SELECT COUNT(*) AS pages,COUNT( (CASE WHEN page_namespace=14 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) ) AS subcats,COUNT( (CASE WHEN page_namespace=6 THEN 1 ELSE NULL END) ) AS files FROM "categorylinks","page" WHERE cl_to = 'Item_Groups' AND (page_id = cl_from) LOCK IN SHARE MODE Function: Category::refreshCounts Error: 1 ERROR: syntax error at or near "LOCK" LINE 1: ...E cl_to = 'Item_Groups' AND (page_id = cl_from) LOCK IN SH... I have gone into the database and have determined that when I run this same query from the database itself, I get the same error and same result. And YES I have run the update.php function. I tried a backdoor delete of the affected pages (manually applying the URL directly to the delete form). I then purged the database of all the archived pages (AKA, deleted pages) using the maintenance script. All to no avail. The database has some weird issue with these pages, and I cannot figure out how to purge them so that I can recreate them again! A: OK, so I have solved the problem. It turns out that the problem is PHP 5.4.0. I downgraded to PHP 5.3.10 and the whole thing works perfectly again. For some reason version 5.4 causes there to be some sort of issues when interfacing with PostgreSQL. If anyone knows the reason for this, I'm sure I'm not the only person who would appreciate knowing why this happens.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
Nanaimo Buccaneers The Nanaimo Buccaneers are a junior 'B' ice hockey team based in Nanaimo, British Columbia. The original Buccaneers were founded and owned by Cliff McNabb and Jimmy Dawes, in 1966-67. They play in the North Division of the Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League. They were one of two expansion teams in 2012 in the VIJHL returning to the league after 30+ years (the other being the Westshore Wolves), and play their home games at the Nanaimo Ice Centre (Rink #1). They are currently coached and owned by Clayton Robinson. History The Buccaneers were founded as an expansion team in 2012 along with the Westshore Wolves by Brenda and Phil Levesque. They finished first in the North Division in their first season (2012–13) with 58 points in 48 games, losing in the second round of the playoffs. The following year they finished third in the division, losing in the first round. They finished third again in 2014-15, and lost again in the first round. Season-by-season record Note: GP - Games Played, W - Wins, L - Losses, T - Ties, OTL - Overtime Losses, Pts - Points, GF - Goals for, GA - Goals against Pre-2012 statistics currently unavailable. Accurate as of 19 February, 2018. Playoffs Accurate as of 29 April, 2018. References External links Official website of the Nanaimo Buccaneers Official website of the VIJHL Official website of the Cyclone Taylor Cup Official website of the Keystone Cup Category:Ice hockey teams in British Columbia Category:Sport in Nanaimo Category:2012 establishments in British Columbia	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
Bayesian models in cognitive science and artificial intelligence operate over domains such as vision, motor control and language processing by sampling from vastly complex probability distributions. Such models cannot, and typically do not need to, calculate explicit probabilities. Sampling naturally generates a variety of systematic probabilistic reasoning errors on elementary probability problems, which are observed in experiments with people. Thus, it is possible to reconcile probabilistic models of cognitive and brain function with the human struggle to master even the most elementary explicit probabilistic reasoning.	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Christmas is coming! Mimi Mouse's brothers and sisters are all writing to Santa Mouse so that he will know what to put in their stockings. Hugo, the littlest one, wants a BIG drum. Will he get it? "Wait and see", Mimi says, "wait and see". Capturing every child's anticipation for Christmas surprises and joys, Martin Waddell shares a cozy holiday story with readers. As a mouse family prepares to celebrate Christmas, its youngest member asks his oldest sister for a special favor. ils:a127504\|Book\|Books\|1st U.S. ed.\|English\|Candlewick Press,\|1997.\|p. cm.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-22T14:30:26Z', 'url': 'https://catalog.aacpl.net/GroupedWork/ad7a0103-566b-c8ef-79ac-38eda93c45aa/Home', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Committing to Inclusion and Diversity I believe that a commitment to inclusion and diversity makes companies better. Period. I’m nine months into my career here at Cisco, and that’s one of the biggest takeaways that I didn’t see from the outside. A lot of companies talk the talk, but I’m proud to say that at Cisco, we walk the walk. One of the ways inclusion and diversity make Cisco better is through a focus on collaboration and the power of teams. As a leader, I try to surround myself with a group of people that have different ideas and different perspectives on how to solve a problem. You generally don’t get that when you have a team that looks just like you, has the same background as you, and has relatively the same experience as you do. Cisco believes in full-spectrum diversity, inclusive of gender, race, ethnicity, orientation, ability, nationality, religion, veteran status, background, and culture. It’s this rich mix of diverse strengths, experiences, and perspectives that makes for better teams and results in ingenuity and innovation. A key differentiator for Cisco – and what separates this company from the others – is the foundational understanding that the combination of full spectrum diversity, inclusive environments and leadership, and engaged employees leveraging the power of technology to collaborate creates opportunity and possibility for everyone to thrive – within Cisco, in our communities and our society. So if greater diversity, inclusion, and collaboration are the outcomes we are driving, how can those of us in the Tech industry participate and contribute in a meaningful way? I’ve been impressed by how Cisco is employing education, process, and innovative solutions to move from intention to action to results. In my organization, I believe in a 3-step iterative process: Educate myself and my team on why inclusion and diversity matter. Make a commitment and take action and implement processes to drive improvement. Measure our progress, course-correct steps 1 and 2 as required 1. Educate Our CEO Chuck Robbins advocates for the importance of diversity both internally and externally. We can see the improvement in the diversity of the Cisco executive leadership team, which is 58% diverse in terms of gender and ethnicity, and Cisco publishes its diversity stats on an annual basis. The company’s commitment to inclusion and diversity is also evident in its focus on developing what we call a “Conscious Culture.” But we know Cisco and the Tech industry as a whole have much more work to do. I recently attended a Diversity in Tech reception that Cisco held at Mobile World Congress where we brought in external and internal speakers to educate our employees, partners, and customers on the importance of sponsorship. The clear call to action was for everyone in attendance to take The Multiplier Effect Pledge – a movement started by Cisco to encourage every leader to sponsor one extraordinary diverse candidate and challenge their peers to do the same. Another example of how Cisco prioritizes inclusion is the company’s annual Women of Impact conference. This event is an entire day devoted to the professional development of women, and it takes place in over 100 Cisco sites across 52 countries. Extending Cisco’s brand beyond our employees, the event is open to partners and customers – both women and men. These are just a couple of examples of the education we do at Cisco to drive awareness and encourage change. 2. Action and Process Through education, we strive to help people understand why diversity is important, why sponsorship is critical, and what role they need to play to drive change. Little will happen, however, without concrete action and processes. Companies need to hold themselves accountable. Cisco is putting innovative solutions in place to do just that. The company is committed to pay parity and developed a framework to analyze pay globally to ensure all employees are paid fairly. Another example, our Office of Inclusion and Collaboration has developed a suite of solutions to take advantage of business intelligence in recruiting and hiring and to automate the process of volunteering for and assembling diverse interview panels. But as individuals, we must also hold ourselves accountable. The only thing that will drive change is action and process, and as leaders, we are responsible for ensuring actions occur and putting better processes in place. 3. Measure and Course Correct I’m a big believer in continuous improvement. We are always learning about what works and what doesn’t. We make decisions based on the best available data we have, but maybe we didn’t have all the data. Perhaps we made the wrong assumptions. It’s OK. Hard problems aren’t solved overnight. We need to stay diligent. Measure and analyze the results on a regular cadence. Take our learnings and apply those back to steps 1 and 2 -and always look to improve. This is my view on how we drive better inclusion and diversity on our teams. I’d love to hear your thoughts too! I see that you are very serious about your commitment to diversity. I looked up your company and I do not see that you are a part of the DisabilityIn program. Does your company have other measures to attract and accommodate employees that have disabilities? Thanks for your comment Janel. Cisco is committed to full-spectrum diversity – including employees with disabilities. Our Connected Disabilities Awareness Network (CDAN) group promotes inclusion by raising awareness of conditions that may limit people’s activities, guiding Cisco employees with disabilities or whose family members have disabilities, and helping to improve employees’ confidence in interacting with colleagues with disabilities. In addition, we offer accessibility training for all managers, and partner with the Disability Matters North America Conference, which brings together corporate executives to learn best and next practices for mainstreaming disability in the global workplace. In 2015, we launched Cisco LifeChanger, an innovative application of our video and collaboration technology that helps people with disabilities transcend location, mobility, and other challenges to overcome employment barriers. We’re also proud to say we scored a 90% on the Disability Equality Index in 2018, making us a DEI Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion. Cisco believes that inclusion, diversity, and collaboration make us a more innovative and successful company, and we continue to look for ways to attract and accommodate employees of all abilities The impact in the field of Cisco's commitment to walk the walk, and build more diverse teams, has been profound, and immediate. A diverse sales force is far better equipped to understand, and meet the needs of, a diverse customer and partner community. I believe the focus on equity and inclusion have also been essential elements in Cisco's rise to number six on Fortune's Best Places to Work list.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Q: Unexpected behavior Using React useState, Very strange output I am a newbie in React. I was experimenting around to see how things work, and I found a very strange Behavior of React or useState whatever you want to call it. Please, Someone, explain, what is going on and how this piece of coding is working. const {useState} = React; let referceGiver = 0; function giveNewRef() { let a = referceGiver; console.log("Making New Reference \| Ref = ", a); referceGiver++; return a; } function App() { let v = "10"; console.log("%cIniside Function", "background-color:red", `\| v = ${v}`); let [val, setVal] = useState('30'); const currentReference = giveNewRef(); console.log("Outer Function Reference = ", currentReference) console.log("Value of UseState Val = ", val); function clicked() { v += ' 20'; console.log("Inner Function Reference = ", currentReference); console.log("Value of V = ", v); setVal(v); } console.log("%cGoing To Return", "background-color:green"); console.log('-----------------------------') return ( <div> <h1>{val + " " + Math.random()}</h1> <button onClick={clicked} > Click </button> </div> ); } ReactDOM.render(<App/>, document.querySelector('#mount')); <script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react@17/umd/react.development.js"></script> <script crossorigin src="https://unpkg.com/react-dom@17/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script> <div id="mount"/> Output of the above code Tell me why: * inner and outer reference is different useState does not change 2 times but changes a third time *giveNewRef() increasing value by 2	{'language': 'en', 'url': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68496796', 'timestamp': '2023-03-29', 'source': 'stackexchange', 'question_score': '0'}
Mapping the Intuitive Mrs. Krishnan’s Party: accept this invitation I feel revived. So many things in the world these days are so depressing and alienating—the endless Trump news, for instance. Grounded, personal, and celebratory, Mrs. Krishnan’s Party is the perfect antidote for all of that. I don’t know when I’ve left the theatre feeling so refreshed and renewed. The set-up is both simple and original. Mrs. Krishnan runs a small general store and her boarder, a young guy named James, has arranged for about a hundred guests, the audience, to celebrate the Hindu harvest festival of Onam in her stock room. James lets us in on all of this, Mrs. Krishnan arrives, and we all shout “Surprise!” Mrs. Krishnan is horrified and tries to get us to leave. But, of course, hospitality wins out and we launch into the collective effort of putting on a party. The genius of this show is that is that it exploits so successfully the essence of theatre, which is communion. Even if we’re just sitting in a dark room contemplating the behaviours onstage, it matters that we’re meditating as a group: theatre is essentially social. It is also essentially live, unfolding in a unique flow of time. Mrs. Krishnan’s Party runs with all of that. Some audience members sit at the long table that’s at the centre of the playing area. And we’re all actively involved, dancing with James, who is an aspiring DJ, and helping Mrs. Krishnan by getting her garlic, onions, tomatoes, and rice. The spontaneity of the performances keeps us firmly rooted in the present moment. There’s a lot of improvising going on. I’m thinking of the vegetarian Mrs. Krishnan’s interactions with a chatty kid in the audience on opening night, for instance—and the look of horror that crossed her face when he said his favourite Indian dish was butter chicken. The physical experience of the show is crazy sensual. Garlands and garlands of fake red flowers hang from the high ceilings in the Culture Lab. As the food cooks, dizzying scents weave their way into your nostrils. And the performers are insanely buoyant and charming. James (Justin Rogers) meets you at the door and takes you to your seat dressed as King Māveli, a major player in the story of Onam. He is resplendent in gold. Rogers is so ebullient—and, let’s face it, so handsome—that I was soon fantasizing about how quickly he’d put everybody at ease at the reception that would follow our wedding. Kalyani Nagarajan, who plays Mrs. Krishnan, is also ridiculously endearing. At one point, she was talking on a cell phone to a character we hadn’t met. All she said was, “What is it? Tell me. No tell me!” and she was so hilariously coquettish that I was instantly hooked. There is also substance in Mrs. Krishnan’s Party—and pain. I won’t give away the details, but I will say that this is where King Māveli comes to the fore. Throughout the evening, we hear bits of his story, how he was pushed into the underworld but allowed to return once a year, because of his goodness and his devotion to Vishnu. Similarly, Mrs. Krishnan’s Party is a story of rebirth or, perhaps more accurately, endurance. Family relationships are difficult. Making your way in the world is difficult. Both Mrs. Krishnan and James have suffered. But, through the rituals of Onam—and the rituals of theatre—they find a community of love. Read original review here « Back To Artist: Indian Ink Theatre Company	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.58995521068573, 'wiki_prob': 0.41004478931427, 'source': 'cc/2022-05/en_head_0054.json.gz/line1755377'}
For more, watch "Jake Tapper Reports: An Unlikely Hero" tonight August 21 at 10 p.m. ET/PT. Jake Tapper, host of "The Lead" and CNN's chief Washington correspondent, is the author of the best-selling book, "The Outpost: An Untold Story of American Valor." (CNN) -- When Spc.Ty Carter first arrived in Afghanistan, he took one look at his surroundings and thought, "This is a death trap." He would soon learn just how right he was. Combat Outpost Keating was a sitting target for nearby Taliban insurgents: It sat deep within a valley, surrounded by mountains. The American soldiers stationed there knew it was only a matter of time before something bad happened. "We just didn't know when," Carter said. When it did, the assault would set in motion a chaotic chain of events that had every soldier certain he would not make it out alive. Eight American soldiers died on October 3, 2009. Many of the 45 others who survived, including Carter, struggle with the guilt that they couldn't save more lives. Yet Carter's daring efforts to rescue his fellow soldiers in the face of imminent death earned him the nation's highest military decoration, the Medal of Honor, which he will receive on Monday at a White House ceremony. Now Staff Sgt. Ty Carter, 33, will join another survivor of that battle, former Army Staff Sgt. Clint Romesha, who received the award earlier this year. It marks the first time in nearly half a century that two living soldiers from the same battle received the Medal of Honor. To Carter, it's a bittersweet award. "It just brings back all those memories of what he had to go through," explained his wife, Shannon Derby. Discharged from the Marines Carter was a loner as a teenager. He didn't have a lot of friends. His older brother Seth had a knack for getting into trouble, and Ty followed in his footsteps for awhile before his mother kicked Seth out of the house. Not exactly hero material, he says. Carter joined the Marines in 1998, spending five years in the service until a fight with a roommate led to his demotion. Two months later, he was honorably discharged. So, it was back to civilian life, something that left Carter restless and bored. He bounced across the country from job to job: more than a dozen stints in five years, everything from a yacht repairman to a tow-truck operator. He was supporting his daughter after his first marriage ended. But in every job, something was always missing. "There was no motivation, there was no purpose," Carter said. "It felt like I was a drone." He hated the punch-in-punch-out lifestyle of making ends meet, and fondly recalled military life. "I was thinking 'Well man, back in the service ... I was doing what I enjoyed and I was actually happy to wake up in the morning, happy to go to work,'" he said. So he enlisted in the Army in 2008. But military life wasn't the idyllic place he remembered. "We had a platoon full of guys that were on a lighter side of life (who) liked to joke around," retired Sgt. 1st Class Jonathan Hill recalled. "And Carter never really got involved ... he thought it was immature. "Carter really didn't make friends with a lot of guys, and he struggled with it." A little over a year after he enlisted, Carter and his platoon were deployed to eastern Afghanistan in May 2009. Despite his aloofness toward his fellow soldiers, Carter would find himself in a situation where he didn't think twice to risk his life for those men whose jokes he once found childish. Defining moment Combat Outpost Keating had been built in Nuristan province in 2006 as part of the effort by NATO-led forces to build partnerships with local Afghans, and try to stop insurgents from trickling over in nearby Pakistan. The camp had experienced ups and downs since that time and by 2008, the cavalry commanders in charge of the outpost thought it made sense to shut it down. Yet there were other factors at play. Afghanistan's President Hamid Karzai was in the middle of his re-election campaign in fall 2009, and abandoning Combat Outpost Keating might have been seen as a lack of American support. So, despite numerous warnings, Gen. Stanley McChrystal -- then commander of all U.S. troops in Afghanistan -- kept the outpost open. After Karzai's victory and the end of a military operation that freed some key assets, the military leadership approved a plan to abandon the outpost and the troops stationed there were to start packing up on October 4, 2009. That never happened. Instead, a day before their planned departure, an assault was unleashed on the outpost that culminated in what has now been described as one of the most intense battles of the entire war in Afghanistan. The first shots rang out just a few minutes before 6 a.m. The rumors that the soldiers had heard for months were coming true. Carter said he had often imagined that day. "I was like, 'Well, if it's my time to go, how am I going out?' " he said. The Taliban had studied how the Americans responded to previous attacks, and they knew the outpost relied heavily on its mortars. So they made the big guns their first target. "When the enemy weren't shooting at us, they were shooting at the weapons," Carter said. "So they were disabling the weapons." The insurgent fire killed Pfc. Kevin Thomson as he raced to his post. Sgt. Josh Kirk was killed while returning fire. "You could hear the rounds coming in from every direction," said platoon Sgt. Jon Hill. Troops begin running much-needed ammunition to the men on guard duty. Sgt. Michael Scusa was gunned down 10 feet outside one of the outpost's doors. In the midst of the gunfire, Sgt. Christopher Griffin "immediately ran out the door without hesitation," Hill said. "He didn't make it back" Ammunition was starting to run out, so Ty Carter and other members of his Black Knight troop volunteered to deliver more -- a hundred yards away across the heaviest of gunfire. Carter didn't think twice about the danger. All he knew was there were three fellow soldiers -- Sgt. Bradley Larson, Spc. Stephan Mace and Sgt. Justin Gallegos -- trapped in a Humvee and they needed more supplies to return fire. "Carter's kinda like .. for lack of a better word, a robot," Hill said. "You tell him to do something, he's gonna do it and he's gonna do it to the best of his ability." He would return through that deadly gauntlet three times to get supplies to the men. When the firefight was over, the death toll would include Mace, Gallegos, Sgt. Josh Hardt, and Staff Sgt. Vernon Martin. The names of all eight men who died on that day are engraved on a steel band that Carter wears on his wrist, not that he needs the reminder. Read more about the battle from Jake Tapper's "The Outpost" Farm life Today, Carter still struggles with the memories of the battle, seeking solace with his wife and three children on their farm in Washington state near Joint Base Lewis-McChord, where he is now stationed. In the dark, quiet moments, the constant ringing in his head brings back difficult thoughts. "That's when the memories start kicking in and you can't sleep because, you know, the whole, 'I shoulda done this, I coulda done that,' " he said. "And then you see the faces of the soldiers that died." Carter said he believes that one more name should be added to the death toll of the battle of Kamesh: Ed Faulkner Jr., who struggled with drug abuse and mental problems after surviving the battle. He left the army with severe PTSD and died in September 2010 after a fatal overdose of methadone and Xanax. While there was no evidence of a suicide, Faulkner's friends -- including Carter -- believe his death was linked to the battle. "I honestly believe that, yes, he was the ninth victim of Combat Outpost Keating," Carter said. "And I also believe that he won't be the last." Carter also struggles with PTSD, and now has regular therapy. "I didn't believe it was real until I experienced it," he said of PTSD. "I thought it was just an excuse to get out of duty ... but once it hit me, and I realized it, I was blown away. How could I be so ignorant?" Carter wants to be a voice to destigmatize these invisible wounds of war, and he hopes that the attention he receives with the Medal of Honor will show that there is nothing weak in seeking help. "What we need to do is take the first few steps," Carter said. "We need to realize that yes, this is affecting me, and I need to fix this." CNN's Eric Marrapodi, Jennifer Rizzo and Andy Segal contributed to this report.	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Building Community, Unlocking Hope Author: Matt Kucinski “I had a buddy who had just left a year before—not a great place to be,” said Mark Urban of the Handlon Correctional Facility in Ionia, Mich., where he is incarcerated. “It was considered gladiator school, the worst of the worst,” added fellow inmate Crisanto Escabalzeta Jr. “You were destined to fight.” That’s the environment Urban and Escabalzeta were expecting to find inside Handlon’s 20-foot-tall, barbwired fencing. It’s what Bob Woldhuis, an assistant resident supervisor at Handlon, had witnessed for much of his 23-year career inside those fences. “The culture had definitely been every man for himself,” he said. But when Escabalzeta and Urban arrived at Handlon in 2016, their perception was shattered. They witnessed men tutoring other men, professors teaching inmates, men learning trades, and a fully functioning church inside prison walls. So what happened in just a handful of years? Steps of Obedience Part of the answer is found in how the Holy Spirit led several different people to this prison setting. “I had been aware of and receptive to issues and concerns about the criminal justice system and mass incarceration,” said Bob Arbogast, who was a pastor in Columbus, Ohio, at the time. “But even though I drove by this one particular prison countless times, I never gave a thought to the guys on the inside; (it) never occurred to me to think about them.” Around the same time, Mark and Carol Muller from Grand Rapids, Mich., were hearing about inmates frequently from a fellow church member who regularly visited prison and talked about these visits. They decided to visit one, as well, to appease their friend. “We felt if we go, they won’t say anything anymore,” Mark Muller said. Urban, who received a lengthy sentence in 2005, wasn’t going to church services even though he is a Christian. “I was looking to go to Bible college,” said Urban, and “the deal with the chaplain was that I had to attend one service before he would sign off on my Bible college correspondence course, and it happened to be Celebration Fellowship” inside Bellamy Creek Correctional Facility. Urban, Arbogast, and the Mullers each took a step of obedience. For Arbogast, at the prompting of a retired pastor in 2012, he stepped into Marion Correctional Facility in Ohio. Mark and Carol Muller, in 2008, and Urban, in 2012, stepped into a Celebration Fellowship service. “They had no idea where we would be now. But they just showed up,” said Todd Cioffi, director of the Calvin Prison Initiative. Stirring hearts, forming identity Now, in 2019, on any given Monday night, Urban, Arbogast, and the Mullers are worshiping together inside the fences of Handlon Correctional Facility as full members of Celebration Fellowship—a church plant of the initial congregation that still exists inside Bellamy Creek Correctional Facility across the street. On this Monday night, about a dozen “outside” members of this congregation move through multiple checkpoints and take a 100-yard walk across the prison yard. As soon as they enter the school building, they are cheerfully greeted by “inside” members Jeff and Steve, and fellowship begins. A cold hallway soon takes on the feeling of a warm living room as it fills with meaningful conversation. You can hear the band warming up inside the auditorium, and some members of the congregation take the opportunity to sing along before the official start of the service. “There are guys in here that don’t have families. There are guys in here that don’t get visits. There are guys that don’t have anything,” said Urban, “and they all say the same thing: ‘On Monday nights, it’s like having a visit.’” The service officially starts. Men in prison blues sit next to men in khakis and polo shirts and women in blouses. The 100 in attendance sing, pray, watch a video, have small group discussions, listen to a sermon, and even celebrate profession of faith. “This whole collection of people loves each other and cares deeply,” said Arbogast, who has served as the pastor of Celebration Fellowship since 2017. “The fact that somebody knows your name and they call you out by name … they ask about who you are, they remember the stories you talk about in small group, they see the improvement over six months or a year and they encourage you, that’s a beautiful thing,” said Escalbazeta. “We are in each other’s lives,” Mark Muller said. “I wouldn’t have met these people in 100 million years. I’m very much ‘the other’ for them, and they are kind enough to treat me as a member.” A shared commitment While the church is no doubt contributing to the culture change happening at Handlon, so too is education. In 2010, John Rottman, professor of preaching at Calvin Theological Seminary, started offering classes to Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola, once notorious as one of the bloodiest prisons in America. Rottman hoped to show students how education could play a role in transforming prison culture. In 2011, Dave Rylaarsdam, professor of the history of Christianity and worship at CTS, received a letter from an inmate at Handlon expressing a growing interest in becoming equipped to help transform his own prison culture. Within months, with the blessing of the warden, the seminary started offering a few classes at Handlon. A few years later, those first steps of obedience would pay major dividends when the Calvin Prison Initiative was established—a partnership between Calvin University and Calvin Theological Seminary that offers 20 inmates each year the chance to begin pursuing a bachelor of arts degree in faith and community leadership. “I’m amazed at how God has blessed this program, all the faithful work of faculty, administrators, students, and volunteers,” said Cioffi. “And now we’re starting to see the fruit of our labor. God is raising up inmates as moral and spiritual leaders, and the prison is being transformed.” The first cohort of CPI students will graduate with bachelor’s degrees from Calvin University in 2020, becoming the first class of inmates ever to earn bachelor’s degrees in the state of Michigan. Escabalzeta and Urban will graduate in 2021 and, with the help of Resonate Global Missions, are in the process of becoming commissioned pastors within Michigan’s prison system. While they aren’t sure where they’ll be called to serve after graduation, leaders of Celebration Fellowship see the education they are receiving through the CPI program as an asset to their current church body. “Guys in the Calvin program have been gaining tools to carefully read and consider Scripture,” said Arbogast. “They don’t draw unwarranted conclusions from a word or verse, but they are being trained to think deeply and broadly as they approach Scripture, and that is a helpful thing to have in the mix (at Celebration Fellowship). “Celebration Fellowship is composed of scholars, guys who can’t even write their own names, and everything in between,” Arbogast continued. “In 1 Corinthians, it says one part of the body can’t look at another part of the body thinking that I’m more worthy than you are. There has been no need to push that (teaching) on the members of the body. They are just innately aware of belonging to one another and together belonging to Christ.” “Changing the culture to one that’s more and more looking out for your fellow man, that can do nothing except make this a better place to live, a better place to work, a safer place to be, a less expensive place to run,” said Woldhuis. And the numbers don’t lie. A prison that used to average 150 major incidents a year, such as assault, robbery, and physical altercations, now averages eight. While there’s much work that still needs to be done, there are now more people within the prison who are equipped and who have something that’s hard to find inside prison walls: hope. “Shame is the thing that hamstrings everybody—the fact that you feel worthless, you don’t feel like there’s anything to look forward to,” said Escalbezata. “Whether it be members of Celebration Fellowship or all the different professors from Calvin, you can see in their faces the love that they have, the devotion they have towards the individuals who are in prison. It has seriously breathed new life in me.” “This isn’t a culture change,” said Muller. “This is bigger than that. This is a spiritual change. This is like warfare, and we just won something.” This article was updated Nov. 12, 2019, to correct a typo.	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.7834796905517578, 'wiki_prob': 0.7834796905517578, 'source': 'cc/2020-05/en_head_0027.json.gz/line1047249'}
Pain management for the postoperative patient. Studies have shown that patients often experience suboptimal analgesia in the postoperative period. In the past decade, a number of advances have been made to improve patient comfort after undergoing surgery. In addition to the obvious desirability of better pain control, adequate postoperative analgesia may decrease the incidence of cardiac and pulmonary complications. Opioid analgesics continue to be the main class of drugs used for postoperative analgesia. However, new methods and routes of administration, including patient-controlled analgesia and epidural and intrathecal drug administration, are currently being used. These modalities, when used appropriately, provide better analgesia, often with fewer side effects than when opiates are given by the traditional intramuscular route.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
Film, Reviews Posted by Luke Kent on Mar 11, 2019 Apr 7, 2019 There’s a point in Captain Marvel where our titular hero is told by a male biker to crack a smile. A suggestion which she swiftly treats with the contempt it deserves: a hard stare and the theft of his motorbike. If only the seeming hordes of manbabies who spent actual time from their actual “lives” reacting as though a female-led Marvel film were a personal attack on their existence could be served up an equal measure of retribution; the comic book movie fandom would certainly be a better place for it. Still, no amount of pre-release negativity and post-release review bombing from certain corners of the “fanbase” will change the fact that Captain Marvel is, undoubtedly, a success. Part sci-fi action movie, part paranoid thriller, part buddy comedy, it’s a twisting and turning introduction to the newest member of Team Avengers. Brie Larson as Carol Danvers/Captain Marvel. It’s on Hala, the homeworld of the Kree Empire, that we meet Brie Larson’s amnesia-suffering Carol Danvers. Quick-witted, skilled in combat, and in possession of an untapped wealth of power which her mentor, Jude Law’s Yon-Rogg, is helping her to master. Through his teachings, we learn of a war between the Kree and a shapeshifting race of aliens known as the Skrulls, a conflict which is threatening to boil over. Larson/Danvers acts as an effective audience surrogate, guiding us through the film’s opening portion, wherein it does the vast majority of its heavy lifting. It’s throughout this stretch that it not only expands the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) into some of its most dense science-fiction territory to date, but also has to simultaneously slowly reveal the memories of Carol’s past to us, and to her. Larson conveys Danver’s struggle to piece together her identity with an insular and subdued early performance. It’s a tone which is matched by the rest of the film, an emphasis on self-discovery, scene-setting and laying the foundations of the Kree/Skrull war serving to lower the energy levels somewhat during the first act. It’s once Danvers crashlands on 1990s Earth (a real shithole) and really starts the process of puzzling out her past that we truly kick into gear. Teaming up with young S.H.I.E.L.D. operative Nick Fury (an impressively de-aged Samuel L. Jackson) to ward off the Skrull threat (led by Ben Mendelsohn’s terrific Talos) the banter commences – it is a Marvel film, after all – and twisty body-swapping sequences come into play. The tempo rises, Danvers grows in confidence and self-understanding, and Larson truly gets to shine; quipping and kicking ass with the best of them, she’s properly heroic, immediately feeling at home in the MCU. Samuel L. Jackson as Nick Fury. Solid though the set pieces are, when it comes to action there’s nothing here that gets near to the destruction levels of Infinity War, or to the perfection of Captain America: The Winter Soldier. Right up to its firework display of an ending, it instead remains a film whose strengths lie in its characters. Nick Fury, a man at the very beginning of his journey towards assembling Earth’s Mightiest Heroes and Captain Marvel herself, a woman setting out on a path that will lead her to Thanos in Endgame. And, of course, not forgetting their furry companion, the adorable cat Goose, who I would love nothing more than to see starring in his own spinoff: Captain Meowvel. Rating (out of 5): Anna BodenAnnette BeningBen MendelsohnBrie LarsonCaptain MarvelClark GreggFilmJude LawMarvelMarvel Cinematic UniverseReviewRyan FleckSamuel L Jackson Previous Post The Mexican Cinema Series: A Conclusion (7/7) Next Post The Goose Cinematic Universe Dan Bullock says: Yeah, good review. It’s a definite slow build bit absolutely loved it, once it kicked off especially. Every Marvel film sets its own tone, which is important, the ‘You’re only human’ moment really got to me as well, really touching, poignant AND powerful. I also felt a little bit of Ragnarok with Talos, once the turn comes, plus…. GOOOOSE!! hairball It was a lot of fun – definitely sets its own voice, has a strong message, Mendelsohn is terrific, and of course, Goose is the absolute best! 😊 Often Off Topic says: Couldn’t agree with you more! I loved that moment with the biker, it was a huge 2-finger salute to the trolls out there. A very well deserved 2-finger salute too, they’re an exhausting bunch! Share your thoughts! Cancel reply	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6699735522270203, 'wiki_prob': 0.6699735522270203, 'source': 'cc/2019-30/en_middle_0045.json.gz/line683274'}
A Member’s Gift By Jonathan Young on 4/16/18 in Events, General, Giving, Highlight, In the News, Member Story, Story CEF Member, Steven Howser, is featured in the Daily Tar Heel for the gift he made to CEF during the 2017 CEF Piggy Bank Bash! Donate to CEF At a fundraiser for CEF last fall, Howser gave back to the organization in the form of a $500 dollar donation, the largest of the evening. He coordinated with several workers at CEF to print a big check to present to West as a surprise during the event to say thank you. “All gifts to CEF matter, but gifts from members truly glow, they cause ripple effects throughout the organization, and seem to snowball and grow,” West said. When Steven Howser first came to the Community Empowerment Fund (CEF) around four years ago, he was seeking work development assistance to help him qualify for a seven day bus pass at the shelter. After years of support and involvement with CEF, Howser has not only secured income and housing, but is also giving back. “I wanted to give back to show people what a good organization they are, and the resources they have to help people in the community,” Howser said. “So the people in the community won’t be afraid to donate time and donations to them because they really help a lot of people.” CEF Chapel Hill Spring Party CEF Advocacy Choir Performs at UNC Memorial Hall One Response to A Member’s Gift Holly West 4/24/18 at 1:59 pm # That was a special moment in CEF’s life and I am glad we were there to see that special donation. Thanks for all of the good works you all continue to do in your communities and in so many people’s lives.	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6399146914482117, 'wiki_prob': 0.6399146914482117, 'source': 'cc/2023-06/en_middle_0064.json.gz/line85785'}
ExiPrep™ Blood Genomic DNA Kit is a product designed to extract high-purity genomic DNA from whole blood samples using the automated nucleic acid extraction instrument ExiPrep™ 16 Plus, ExiProgen™. The lysis buffer and Proteinase K contained within the product will efficiently lysis cells and hydrolysis proteins within whole blood for efficient extraction of genomic DNA. The binding buffer and silica magnetic particles will bind genomic DNA to the surface of the beads. The reaction containers are then subject to a magnetic field, forcing the genomic DNA-bound silica magnetic particles to remain within the container while the reaction mixture and cellular waste are removed. Three types of washing buffers are introduced sequentially during the next step to remove the remainder of cellular waste products. The washing buffers are then siphoned off, while the genomic DNA-bound silica magnetic particles remain bound by the magnetic field. DNase-free elution buffer is then introduced to the silica magnetic particles to release the bound and now purified genomic DNA. Experimental Data Fig. 1 Reduced Total Prep. Time The nano-particles which included in the Buffer ①(Resuspension buffer) can make a complex together with insoluble protein aggregate, cell debris and chromosomal DNA in the solution. And the complex can be separated from the solution with simple centrifuge step(1min.) to obtain a cleared lysate which contains target plasmid DNA. B; AccuPrep® Nano-Plus Plasmid Mini Extraction Kit, Q, P; Competitors	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (NSRED), also known as Sleep-Related Eating disorder (SRED), sleep eating, or somnambulistic eating, is a combination of a parasomnia and an eating disorder. John W. Winkelman, an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and the Medical Director of the Sleep Health Center of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, described this disorder as being in a specific category within somnambulism or a state of sleepwalking that includes behaviors connected to a person’s conscious wishes or wants.[1] Thus many times NSRED is a person’s fulfilling of their conscious wants that they suppress; however, this disorder is difficult to distinguish from other similar types of disorders. Those suffering from NSRED will go searching for food while sleeping. According to doctors and psychiatrists including John Winkelman; Robert Auger, a practicing psychiatrist at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota; Carlos H. Schenck, an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota Medical school; and Mark W. Mahowald, an Assistant Professor of Neurology at the University of Minnesota Medical school, NSRED is closely related to Night Eating Syndrome (NES) except for the fact that those suffering from NES are completely awake and aware of their eating and bingeing at night while those suffering from NSRED are sleeping and unaware of what they are doing. NES is primarily considered an eating disorder while NSRED is primarily considered a parasomnia; however, both are a combination of parasomnia and eating disorders since those suffering from NES usually have insomnia or difficulty sleeping and those suffering from NSRED experience symptoms similar to binge eating. Some even argue over whether NES and NSRED are the same or distinct disorders.[2][3][4] Even though there have been debates over these two disorders, specialists have examined them to try to determine the differences. Dr. J. Winkelman noted several features of the two disorders that were similar, but he gave one important factor that make these disorders different. In his article Sleep-Related Eating Disorder and Night Eating Syndrome: Sleep Disorders, Eating Disorders, Or both, Dr. Winkelman said, “Both [disorders] involve nearly nightly binging at multiple nocturnal awakenings, defined as excess calorie intake or loss of control over consumption.”[1] He also reported that both disorders have a common occurrence of approximately one to five percent of adults, have been predominantly found in women, with a young adult onset, have a chronic course, have a primary morbidity of weight gain, sleep disruption, and shame over loss of control over food intake, have familial bases, and have been observed to have comorbid depression and daytime eating disorders. However, Winkelman said, “The most prominent cited distinction between NES and SRED is the level of consciousness during nighttime eating episodes.”[1] Therefore, these two disorders are extremely similar with only one distinction between them. This information provided by Dr. Winkelman shows how doctors and psychologists have difficulty differentiating between NES and NSRED, but the distinction of a person’s level of consciousness is what doctors chiefly rely on to make a diagnosis. One mistake that is often made is the misdiagnosis of NSRED for NES.[1] However, even though NSRED is not a commonly known and diagnosed disease, many people suffer from it in differing ways while doctors work to find a treatment that works for everyone; several studies have been done on NSRED, such as the one conducted by Schenk and Mahowald.[3] These studies, in turn, provide the basic information on this disorder including the symptoms, behaviors, and possible treatments that doctors are using today. Contents According to Carlos H. Schenck and Mark W. Mahowald, the first case of NSRED was reported in 1955, but over the next thirty-six years, only nine more reports were made of this syndrome. Seven of these reports were single-case studies and the other two instances were seen during objective sleep studies, all done by psychiatrists and doctors.[3] Schenck and Mahowald were the first to a major study on this disorder. They started their study of NSRED in 1985 and continued until 1993 with several cases among a total of 38 other various sleep-related disorders. Many of the cases they observed had symptoms that overlapped with those of NES, but this study was the first to discover that NSRED was different from NES in the fact that those suffering from NSRED were either partially or completely unaware of their actions at night while those with NES were aware.[3] Schenck and Mahowald also discovered that none of the patients had any eating instability before their problems at night while sleeping. In their 1993 report, they summarized the major findings with the idea that women encompass at least two thirds of the patients and that the majority of these patients had become overweight. They also discovered that while the patients’ night-eating normally started during early adulthood, this wasn’t always the case as it started as early as childhood to as late as middle adulthood. These patients not only had NSRED, but many of them had also been suffering from other nighttime behaviors such as sleep terrors for several years.[3] This revolutionized the way people saw NSRED.[citation needed] With the technological age growing and more people becoming obese, Schenck and Mahowald’s discovery of NSRED causing a large weight increase helped doctors more easily identify this disorder. As seen in Table 1 below, almost half of Schenck and Mahowald’s patients were significantly obese. According to body mass index’s criteria, no patient was emaciated. Schenck and Mahowald said, “virtually all patients had accurate non-distorted appraisals of their body size, shape, and weight. Furthermore, unlike the patients in Stunkard's series, none of our patients had problematic eating in the evening between dinner and bedtime; sleep onset insomnia was not present; and sleep latency was usually brief, apart from several patients with RLS.”[3] After realizing what was wrong with them, many of Schenck and Mahowald’s patients with NSRED restricted their day eating and over exercised.[3] This table summary identifies the first initial findings concerning NSRED, and it shows how NSRED is a random malady that affects many different types of people in individual ways. Over the past thirty years, several studies have found that those afflicted with NSRED all have different symptoms and behaviors specific to them, yet they also all have similar characteristics that doctors and psychologists have identified to distinguish NSRED from other combinations of sleep and eating disorders such as Night Eating Syndrome. Dr. John W. Winkelman says that typical behaviors for patients with NSRED include: “Partial arousals from sleep, usually within 2 to 3 hours of sleep onset, and subsequent ingestion of food in a rapid or ‘out of control’ manner.”[4] They also will attempt to eat bizarre amalgamations of foods and even potentially harmful substances such as glue, wood, or other toxic materials.[4] In addition, Schenck and Mahowald noted that their patients mainly ate sweets, pastas, both hot and cold meals, improper substances such as “raw, frozen, or spoiled foods; salt or sugar sandwiches; buttered cigarettes; and odd mixtures prepared in a blender.”[3] In their unconscious state, those with NSRED are unaware of the foods or substances they eat. During the handling of this food, patients with NSRED distinguish themselves, as they are usually messy or harmful to themselves. Some eat their food with their bare hands while others attempt to eat it with utensils. This occasionally results in injuries to the person as well as other injuries. After completing their studies, Schenck and Mahowald said, “Injuries resulted from the careless cutting of food or opening of cans; consumption of scalding fluids (coffee) or solids (hot oatmeal); and frenzied running into walls, kitchen counters, and furniture.”[3] A few of the more notable symptoms of this disorder include large amounts of weight gain over short periods of time, particularly in women; irritability during the day, due to lack of restful sleep; and vivid dreams at night. It is easily distinguished from regular sleepwalking by the typical behavioral sequence consisting of “rapid, ‘automatic’ arising from bed, and immediate entry into the kitchen.” In addition, throughout all of the studies done, doctors and psychiatrists discovered that these symptoms are invariant across weekdays, weekends, and vacations as well as the eating excursions being erratically spread throughout a sleep cycle. Most people that suffer from this disease retain no control over when they arise and consume food in their sleep. Although some have been able to restrain themselves from indulging in their unconscious appetites, some have not and must turn to alternative methods of stopping this disorder.[4] It is important for trained physicians to recognize these symptoms in their patients as quickly as possible, so those with NSRED may be treated before they injure themselves. For those patients who have not been able to stop this disorder on their own, doctors have been working to discover a treatment that will work for everyone. One treatment that Schenck and Mahowald studied consisted of psychotherapy combined with "environmental manipulation." This was usually done separately from the weight-reducing diets. However, during this study only 10 percent of the patients were able to lose more than one third of their initial excess weight, which was not a viable percentage. In addition, they reported that many of the patients experienced “major depression” and “severe anxiety” during the attempted treatments.[3] This was not one of the most successful attempts to help those with NSRED. However, Dr. R. Auger reported on another trial treatment where patients were treated utilizing pramipexole. Those conducting the treatment noticed how the nocturnal median motor activity was decreased, as was assessed by actigraphy, and individual progress of sleep quality was reported. Nevertheless, Dr. Augur also said, “27 percent of subjects had RLS (Restless Legs Syndrome, a condition known to respond to this medication), and number and duration of waking episodes related to eating behaviors were unchanged.”[5] Encouraged by the positive response verified in the above-mentioned trial treatment, doctors and psychiatrists conducted a more recent study described by Dr. Auger as “efficacy of topiramate [an antiepileptic drug associated with weight loss] in 17 consecutive patients with NSRED.” Out of the 65 percent of patients who continued to take the medication on a regular basis, all confirmed either considerable development or absolute remission of “night-eating” in addition to “significant weight loss” being achieved.[5] This has been one of the most effective treatments discovered so far, but many patients still suffered from NSRED. Therefore, other treatments were sought after. Such treatments include those targeted to associated sleep disorders with the hope that it would play an essential part of the treatment process of NSRED. In Schenck and Mahowald’s series, combinations of cardibopa/L-dopa, codeine, and clonazepam were used to treat five patients with RLS and one patient with somnambulism and PLMS (Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep). These patients all were suffering from NSRED as well as these other disorders, and they all experienced a remission of their NSRED as a result of taking these drugs. Two patients with OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) and NSRED also reported as having a “resolution of their symptoms with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy.” Clonazepam monotherapy was also found to be successful in 50 percent of patients with simultaneous somnambulism.[3] Interestingly, dopaminergic agents such as monotherapy were effective in 25 percent of the NSRED subgroup. Success with combinations of dopaminergic and opioid drugs, with the occasional addition of sedatives, also was found in seven patients without associated sleep disorders. In those for whom opioids and sedatives are relatively contraindicated (e.g., in those with histories of substance abuse), two case reports were described as meeting with success with a combination of bupropion, levodopa, and trazodone.[3] Notably, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy, and various behavioral techniques, including environmental manipulation, were not effective on the majority of the patients studied. Nevertheless, Dr. Auger argue that behavioral strategies should complement the overall treatment plan and should include deliberate placement of food to avoid indiscriminate wandering, maintenance of a safe sleep environment, and education regarding proper sleep hygiene and stress management.[5] Even with their extensive studies, Schenck and Mahowald did not find the success as Dr. Auger found by treating his patients with topiramate. In a later study done by Phebe Tucker and Barbara Masters, both professors at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center used topiramate to treat a woman’s issues with NSRED as well as Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They discovered that this treatment led to the woman’s resolution of PTSD, NSRED, and sleepwalking. Besides all of this, the treatment also helped the woman to lose over 70 pounds and maintain the weight loss.[6] Thus far, doctors’ uses of the drug topiramate to treat NSRED have been successful in most patients, and for those that this drug does not work, many other treatments have been explored to aid them. Koecheler’s NSRED was studied by doctors and psychiatrists since the discovery of it during her youth and eventually reported by Nelli Black and Megan Robertson in their article Midnight Snack? Not Quite. featured during Women Share Their Stories of Unconscious Eating on ABC on August 19, 2008.[7] Amy, then 24, recounted what it was like to grow up sleep-eating almost every night. While fast asleep, "I would get up in the middle of the night, and I would grab Girl Scout cookies," she said. "I would get my mom, and I would pretend to have a tea party. And she became really frustrated with me because I would constantly wake her up.” This type of behavior went on in the Koechler house for over twenty years, and as Amy got older, her nightly trips to the kitchen became more frequent. About her increasing number of trips, Amy said, “It was not once a night, it was seven, eight, nine times a night. There were times where I would get up, and it would be probably a half hour after I'd fallen asleep."[7] Even though Amy’s nightly excursions increased, her weight did not increase. Dr. Carlos H. Schenck put her on a drug that is used to prevent seizures.[7] These help to stop her nightly visits to the kitchen, and she can now go an entire night without getting out of bed once. Another case reported on by Black and Robertson included Anna Ryan’s NSRED. However, Anna’s case differs significantly from Amy’s in the major facts that Anna didn’t even know that she was suffering from NSRED for a year and a half and that she gained over 60 pounds (27 kg) during that time.[7] Anna first noticed that something was wrong when she felt exhausted during the day even after she had gotten what she thought was a good night’s rest. She said, “I would wake up, and it felt like I hadn’t gone to bed.” Anna decided to go talk to her doctor, Scott Eveloff, about her lack of energy, and he suggested that she participate in a sleep study. When Anna participated in such a prescribed study, she discovered that she was up most nights and eating while sleeping.[7] Video cameras captured five different trips to the kitchen in two nights. Dr. Eveloff said, “If you’ll notice on the video, Anna does pass by the fruit, passes by several other more nutritious foods and then not only takes the non-nutritious food but, unfortunately, takes a lot of it and eats in almost a slovenly manner. This is classic sleep eating behavior.” After making these observations, Eveloff placed Anna on several different medications; however, Anna did not respond as quickly to medication as Amy Koechler had in her case. Eveloff mentioned to Black and Robertson that people suffering from NSRED generally fall into two categories. He said, “There’s the group of people who respond beautifully to the first attempt at low-dose medication, and then there’s a group of people who remain difficult to treat despite every single medication and medication combination being thrown at them.”[7] Fortuitously, even though Anna Ryan did not have much success with medications prescribed for her disorder at the beginning, she eventually, through trial and error with a variety of medications, discovered a combination of drugs that gave her a complete, restful night’s sleep. In conclusion, Nocturnal Sleep Related Eating Disorder has affected thousands of people in an adverse way while others suffer from it their whole lives not even knowing they have it and not suffering any major side effects; however, those that are truly suffering from it have been helped through doctors and psychiatrists studies on the characteristics of NSRED and the best treatments for those that have this disorder. At the same time some symptoms are different in the various individuals that have NSRED, their treatments also differ in the same way. This makes it difficult for doctors to treat NSRED, but they are attempting to help all of those that realize and know they suffer from this disorder.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Multnomah Greyhound Park Multnomah Greyhound Park is a former dog track located in Wood Village, Oregon, part of the Portland metropolitan area. The park opened in 1957 and closed in 2004. After standing empty and disused for almost 12 years, the buildings at the site were demolished in summer 2016. History Greyhound racing in the Portland metropolitan area began in 1933, organized by the Multnomah Kennel Club (MKC) and held at Multnomah Stadium (now Providence Park). In 1956, dog racing moved to Portland Meadows, after the stadium's owners notified MKC that the club would have to find a new venue, to make room at the stadium for the Portland Beavers baseball team, which was set to relocate from Vaughn Street Park. Greyhound races were only held at Portland Meadows – which was primarily a horse racing track – for one season, the 1956 season (Aug. 13–Oct. 17, 1956). In January 1956, MKC purchased a site in Wood Village, Oregon, with plans to build a new dog track and stadium there. The new dedicated greyhound racing track opened in 1957 and was originally named Fairview Park, but in 1978 it was renamed Murray Kemp Greyhound Park in honor of MKC's founder and longtime president. In 1991, the name was changed to Multnomah Greyhound Park. 1987 would mark the track's record season for attendance with 611,430; after the 1987 season the Multnomah Kennel Club would claim that greyhound racing was "the number one spectator sport in the state." Throughout the 1990s, the track's attendance would continue on a steady decline. In December 2004, the track's owner, Magna Entertainment, refused to renew their lease on the building. This would mark the end of use for Multnomah Greyhound Park and the end of greyhound racing in Oregon. The track would go to great lengths to try to ensure that all remaining greyhounds were adopted and sold for an average of $175 each to avoid greyhound homelessness. Within months of the park's closure, two businessmen from Lake Oswego proposed a $490-million casino and entertainment complex to be built on the site. A ballot measure to authorize the plan was defeated in 2010 with 68 percent of voters opposed. Two ballot measures (Measures 82 and 83) which would have allowed building of a casino at the park were both soundly defeated in November 2012. In October 2015, "the Grand Ronde tribal confederation announced it was purchasing the defunct greyhound racetrack in Wood Village, sparking new speculation about whether a casino could end up on the site." The purchase by the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon was completed in December 2015. What type of redevelopment will take place on the property has not been decided, but demolition of the then-existing buildings began at the end of June 2016. The track The track's max capacity was 18,760 people with a seating capacity of 6,064. The track's length was 1,382.5 feet and was made of sand from the Columbia River. The kennel area had a maximum capacity of 840 greyhounds. Other uses Team Oregon conducts motorcycle safety training in a portion of the parking lot and the former kennels. See also Gambling in Oregon References Category:Sports venues in Portland, Oregon Category:Buildings and structures in Multnomah County, Oregon Category:Defunct greyhound racing venues in the United States Category:Sports venues completed in 1957 Category:1957 establishments in Oregon Category:2004 disestablishments in Oregon Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 2016	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
MAKING 1. In a food processor or blender, take lemon juice, egg yolk, garlic cloves, mustard, cayenne pepper and salt. Blend it well. 2. While the processor is still on, pour oil through the feed tube. 3. Add yoghurt and blend it well. SERVING 4. To serve Cold Poached Fish With Aioli, bake or broil fish until it becomes translucent and flesh parts easily with a fork.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Nutrients are important for plant growth and extensively supplied to managed terrestrial systems to enhance crop growth and yield. Despite at least 16 nutrient elements are required by plants[@b1], most studies dealing with plant nutrition and stoichiometry focus on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) because they are regarded as the most important in limiting plant growth and hence crop production[@b2][@b3]. Element concentration pattern and stoichiometry can vary depending on species or genotype, ontogeny and environment[@b4][@b5][@b6]. In general, plant growth rate increases approximately linearly with the concentrations of most nutrient elements in the plant tissues up to an optimum nutrient concentration beyond which a further increase in the element concentration is not accompanied by increased plant growth[@b5]. It is often assumed that changes in the variation in tissue element concentrations are closely mirrored by the changes in N concentration, provided N (and not other elements) is the most limiting factor for plant growth. Nevertheless, this common assumption in nutrient research has been rarely tested especially for agricultural crops. Plant nutrition research in agricultural context frequently focuses on the harvested product, occasionally with the addition of a single vegetative crop stage (e.g. anthesis in cereals). The whole life cycle of the crop, i.e., "from seed to seed" is rarely investigated. Nutrient requirements, nutrient uptake rates and element stoichiometry vary across the life cycle of plants including agricultural crops[@b4][@b7][@b8][@b9][@b10]. Element stoichiometry in plants is affected partly by soil element availability in combination with uptake capacity of the plant independent of its growth rate, and partly by the element uptake of the plant largely driven by its growth rate[@b1][@b11]. Plant seeds contain the adequate element mix for near-optimal growth during the first period of time after germination[@b7]. Hence, seed elemental stoichiometry is expected to be similar to an actively growing plant when nutrient supply and growing conditions are near-optimal. Autumn-sown annual crops, like winter wheat, are subject to conditions unfavorable for growth during the winter. Thus, for such crops, we expect similar element stoichiometry in actively growing plant tissues and seeds (both initial and harvested seed), but a different stoichiometry after the winter, i.e. at the onset of rapid growth in early spring. The early-spring element concentrations will be determined by the balance between element availabilities in combination with plant uptake capacity and growth during the period between the initial seedling stage in autumn and the start of the active growth in spring. The winter conditions during this period expose plants to situations deviating markedly from steady-state conditions (i.e. constant nutrient concentrations over time[@b11]), which may result in greatly enhanced tissue concentrations of elements early in the growing season as long as the uptake of these elements occurs prior to the onset of substantial growth[@b8]. When projected into a whole life cycle-perspective "from seed to seed" of a winter-annual crop like winter wheat, we may expect to see enhanced element concentrations of vegetative plant tissues (compared to seed) early in the growing season, but thereafter declining concentrations during the growth period down to or even below the corresponding concentrations in seeds; depending on how essential each element is for the maintenance of important growth functions. In addition, the temporal dynamics of element concentrations should also be affected by weather[@b4][@b12]. Many agricultural crops are frequently grown in continuous monoculture without a break crop, even though they might provide lower yields when grown in monoculture than when grown after another species (i.e., in a rotation with a different preceding crop)[@b13][@b14]. For example for wheat, preceding crops used as elements in crop rotations may affect wheat growth and yield partly through their influences on the soil N and/or other nutrients[@b14]. If, in a crop rotation, the preceding crop effect is mediated by soil nutrients, a corresponding change in the wheat nutrient concentrations and/or stoichiometry might be already apparent in the short term (e.g. within one or two years); i.e., well before any possible crop rotation effects on wheat yields are likely to be detected. A short-term effect of preceding crop on element stoichiometry of the main crop grown in a crop rotation could provide an interesting tool for the early detection of the nutrient-related effects of crop rotations on crop yields that frequently become apparent only in the long term. We are not aware of any studies investigating short-term preceding crop effects by means of element concentrations and stoichiometry including various nutrients beyond N and P. Wheat is one of the most commonly grown arable crops and the dominating plant in many areas of the world. Using winter wheat as a model, the overall objective was to investigate element concentration pattern as affected by crop developmental stage (in a seed-to-seed perspective) and weather. We also aimed at evaluating whether element stoichiometry reflects the type of preceding crop in the short term of one to two years. We explored the following main hypotheses: (1) Element concentration pattern varies across developmental stages, with the largest deviation from seed stoichiometry in early spring (before the initiation of main growth and nutrient uptake), when element concentrations should be much higher than in seeds but thereafter decline to or below the corresponding element concentrations in seed; (2) Element concentration pattern reflects weather; (3) Among all the elements, N has the strongest influence on the element concentration pattern. The aims and hypotheses were addressed by assessing temporal trajectories of element concentration pattern across the life cycle of winter wheat, grown in the field over two years with contrasting weather ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), and as affected by different preceding crops ([Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"}). Results ======= Inter-annual differences in weather conditions (e.g. dry in 2013 and wet in 2014; [Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) were reflected by great variation in biomass growth and grain yield between the two years ([Table 2](#t2){ref-type="table"}). Within each year, grain yield was similar in the monoculture and the different preceding crops ([Table 2](#t2){ref-type="table"}). The concentrations of many elements were significantly affected by year; also preceding crop treatment resulted in significant variation in the concentrations of some elements but not others ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}). However, no consistent patterns of element concentration effects caused by year or preceding crop were apparent ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}; [supplemental Figs S1--S3](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Element ratios of the concentrations in the preceding crop treatment divided by the corresponding value for monoculture showed several significant effects (black bars in [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}), with either higher (P, Mn, Zn) or lower concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Na) for some preceding crop but not for others. No consistent pattern was apparent regarding the effect of preceding crop ([Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). Element ratios calculated as the concentrations in plants or grain at different developmental stages divided by the corresponding concentrations in the seed grain (sown seed) indicated for nearly all elements significantly higher concentrations in the plants at the start of stem elongation in spring compared to seed grain. More moderate differences emerged at anthesis and mostly small variation between harvested grain and seed grain ([Fig. 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). The pattern was similar between the two years. The element concentration ratios of two elements (Ca, K) greatly decreased across the whole vegetation period; the one of seven elements (N, S, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Na) decreased mostly during spring but were more stable during summer; whereas the element concentration ratios of the two further elements (P, Zn) decreased during spring and increased during summer ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). The grouping of all samples in a Principal Components Analysis (PCA) clearly separated three groups of samples: i) plant samples from the start of stem elongation in spring regardless of the preceding crop, with a clear separation of the two years; ii) plant samples taken at anthesis regardless of the preceding crop, with a less clear separation of the samples from the two years; and iii) seed grain and harvested grain samples regardless of the preceding crop and year ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). The pattern indicates a strong effect of time on element concentrations, and a strong year effect on element concentrations mainly during spring. Correlation coefficients for the PCA dimension 1 were highest for N, followed by S, Cu and Fe; P and Zn showed high component loadings for the PCA dimension 2 ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}). This means that N explained most of the variation (i.e. 96%) along PCA dimension 1, which also explained 4.4 times more of the total variation in the data set compared to PCA dimension 2 (see eigenvalues, [Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Keeping in mind the much greater eigenvalue of PCA dimension 1, it is notable that plant samples at anthesis were separated from grain samples only in PCA dimension 2 ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Among the [supplemental variables](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} (year, time, preceding crop), the developmental stage (time) showed high component loading in the PCA dimension 2, whereas year and preceding crop showed low component loadings ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}). Elements can be grouped in the concentration space in the sense that nutrients in the same group are changing in concert. The emerging clusters confirm the element groups that we identified previously when comparing the temporal trajectories of element concentrations ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, K and Ca had high component loadings in PCA dimension 1 and low loadings in dimension 2 ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}); a large group of elements (N, S, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Na) showed high component loadings in component 1 and medium loadings in dimension 2; and two elements (P, Zn) had high component loadings in both dimensions. Discussion ========== The paper reports for the first time the element stoichiometry and temporal trajectories of the concentrations of 11 nutrient elements across the whole life cycle of a plant. We found considerable variation in element concentrations and stoichiometry between years (differing in environmental conditions) and crop developmental stages, similar results were also reported elsewhere and for various plants[@b4][@b5][@b8][@b9][@b10]. In contrast to most other studies of element stoichiometry in plants, we included several nutrient elements beyond N. Further, we considered the entire plant life history "from seed to seed". Accordingly, we assumed that plant seeds contain an adequate nutrient mix to support vegetative growth for a limited period of time after germination[@b7], and therefore argued that seed element stoichiometry reflects an optimum nutrient mix for growth in the environment to which the plant is adapted. Optimum nutrient mix for growth can also be assumed in vegetative tissues of actively growing plants when nutrient supply and growing conditions are near to optimal[@b5]; a situation frequently desired in modern agriculture of e.g. winter wheat during the period between start of stem elongation and anthesis. Nevertheless, autumn-sown annual crops, like winter wheat, are subject to stressful conditions during the winter. Hence their stoichiometry at the beginning of stem elongation may be different from the optimal one. Based on this rationale, we focused here on the temporal trajectories of element stoichiometry across the whole life cycle of a conventionally fertilized, field-grown winter wheat in a cool-temperate climate, considering both reproductive units (seeds) and growing plants as comparable functional units. We explored hypotheses regarding the effects of developmental stage and environment (year-to-year variation in weather) on element concentration pattern. On top of the more theoretical considerations mentioned above, this analysis is interesting also in a more practical perspective, as it provides a test for the common assumption that temporal dynamics in plant nutrient concentrations are largely reflected by the pattern in N concentrations. We expected vegetative tissue element concentrations to be generally higher than in the seed grain early in the growing season directly after winter, partly because some nutrient uptake may occur during periods in late fall and winter without concomitant growth, and partly because nutrient uptake rate after winter might accelerate more rapidly than biomass growth. In line with our hypothesis, we mostly found significantly higher element concentrations at the start of stem elongation in spring, except for P in year 1 of the study ([Fig. 3A,C](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). Indeed, periods early in the growing season with enhanced nutrient uptake rates not matched by proportional growth have been reported for many crops[@b8]. In our study, the concentrations of most elements decreased from early spring (i.e. start of stem elongation) to the end of the growing season; seed and harvested grain had similar concentrations ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}), which was also expected. Notable exceptions from this seasonal pattern were the concentrations of P and Zn, which dropped at anthesis considerably below the corresponding seed concentrations. This decline in P and Zn concentrations might reflect the generally slow uptake of these elements and its dependence on soil microbes and/or mycorrhiza active also during the period after termination of most vegetative growth at anthesis[@b15]. The greatly enhanced concentrations of most elements at the start of the elongation stage, in concert with the great variability across individual elements especially at this developmental stage, resulted in a clear separation of the spring samples in the PCA ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). These results support our first hypothesis and indicate that element concentration pattern varies during the growing season, with a maximum deviation from seed stoichiometry in early spring. This study included two years with contrasting weather, i.e. dry (2013) and humid (2014) early growing season ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), which resulted in large (by factor 2) grain yield differences between the two years. The inter-annual variability in weather was expected to affect element stoichiometry as reported by others[@b4][@b12]. The concentrations of all elements were significantly influenced by year at some developmental stage(s). Interestingly, the significant effects of year on the element concentrations in grain were seen for all micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu), but not for the other elements studied here ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}). Micronutrient concentrations in wheat grain are known to be affected by the soil bioavailability of macronutrients such as N[@b16], but N fertilization was similar in the two years of our study. A two year period is too short to draw any general conclusions on year-to-year variation in element concentrations. However, our observations on the inter-annual variation in grain micronutrient concentrations are generally in line with other results from wheat[@b17]. The small year-to-year variation in grain nutrient concentrations of most elements (except for the micronutrients) despite a large difference in grain yield indicates that these plants have been able to largely control uptake and re-translocation of these essential elements to the grain[@b18]. Plant samples at anthesis and grain samples were not separated in the dimension 1 of the PCA ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). This result is suggestive that the element stoichiometry in grain reflects an optimum nutrient mix for growth in a similar way as in a vegetative plant grown under near-optimal conditions for growth. The relatively small effect of year on the total variation in element concentrations in this study is reflected by the low component loading values for this variable in the PCA ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}), although the grouping of samples according to PCA revealed some separation of the 2013 and 2014 samples especially in spring ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Wheat culture in crop rotations with different preceding crops often generates higher yields compared to wheat monoculture, and the action of soil nutrients has been suggested to be involved in explaining the higher wheat yields observed in crop rotations[@b13][@b14]. On the one hand, any effects of crop rotations on the nutrient stoichiometry of the main crop (here wheat), if mediated by soil nutrients, would be most likely to be seen in the long term, i.e., after multiple years. On the other hand, preceding crop effects on crop yields have been reported also in the shorter term[@b19]. Further, any evidence of a short-term effect of preceding crop on element stoichiometry of the main crop grown in a crop rotation could provide an interesting possibility for developing a tool for the early detection of the nutrient-related effects of crop rotations on crop yields that, if detectable at all, often become apparent only in the long term. Therefore, we tested whether the type of preceding crop (non-wheat preceding crop vs. wheat monoculture) could be reflected in element concentration pattern of the wheat crop already in the short term of one to two years. We found significant effects of preceding crop type for most elements (except N, S and Fe) in some year and/or developmental stage, but no systematic pattern emerged ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}, [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) and different preceding crops were not separately grouped in the PCA ([Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). These results therefore cannot provide any evidence for a short-term preceding crop effect on yields mediated by soil nutrients, which has been suggested as one of the potential mechanisms explaining the higher wheat yields frequently achieved in crop rotations as opposed to monocultures[@b14]. We underline that the design of our study does not allow any conclusion on possible long-term effects of crop rotations on the nutrient stoichiometry and yield of wheat grown as the main crop in a crop rotation. Our long-term field trial accommodates so far only a short history of different crop rotations (assessments here were done three and four years after trial establishment), and we have hitherto not seen any clear effect of different crop rotations on wheat yields in this trial (e.g. [Table 2](#t2){ref-type="table"}). The fact that we did not find any clear evidence here for a nutrient-related mechanism explaining part of a short-term preceding crop effect on wheat yields means either that, in this particular trial, wheat yields are not influenced by the preceding crops; that potential future effects of different crop rotations on yields will not be related to nutrients; or that any nutrient-related effect of the investigated crop rotations on wheat yields will become apparent only in the long term (several years). To disentangle these possibilities, we plan to follow up this study in the future. In this context, it needs also to be kept in mind that preceding crop effects on wheat yields might vary between years, depending on climate and weather conditions[@b19]. In addition, it should be born in mind that any specific effects of preceding crops on the nutrient relationships and yield of a main crop (here wheat) grown as an element of commonly used crop rotations (e.g., the ones tested here[@b20]) can only be assessed in the short term, because these crop rotations contain only one or a few years of non-wheat crops preceding the main crop. Based on the results of this study, we found some evidence supporting our second hypothesis, because the different climate in the two years was reflected in the nutrient concentration pattern (particularly in spring, where also weather differences between years were greatest). The results are less encouraging with respect to the development of a tool for the early detection of the nutrient-related effects of crop rotations on crop yields, because the influence of the preceding crop on nutrient concentration pattern was weak in the short term (one to two years) investigated here. As nitrogen is among the most important elements limiting plant growth and crop production, we expected N to exert a strong influence on the observed concentration pattern for all elements. Maximum component loading for N in the PCA ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}) is convincing evidence for the prominent role of N in explaining (or representing) the element concentration pattern across the whole dataset, and therefore confirms our third hypothesis. This means that the variation in element concentration patterns in this study was closely mirrored by the pattern in N concentration, which supports the corresponding common assumption made in many nutrient research studies. However, different elements had different temporal trajectories across the growing seasons and also responded differently to the type of preceding crop. This is suggestive of the individual transport mechanisms and functional roles for each of these essential elements[@b6][@b21]. The observed temporal trajectories of concentrations and the PCA results suggest that nutrients can be grouped stoichiometrically, i.e., such that the concentrations of elements in the same group are changing in concert ([Figs 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"} and [5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Thus, a group of two elements (K and Ca) had high component loadings in PCA dimension 1 and low loadings in dimension 2 ([Table 3](#t3){ref-type="table"}). The elements K and Ca are similar in size, valency and ion charge and were here characterized by very high concentrations (and accumulation rates; data not shown) at the start of stem elongation in spring followed by strongly and progressively declining concentrations throughout the growing season ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). The second and largest group consists of seven elements (N, S, Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu and Na) with similar temporal concentration trajectories (i.e. quickly decreasing during spring and stable thereafter) despite great differences in concentration ranges within the group. A third group is formed by two elements (P and Zn) with high PCA component loadings in both dimensions. The P and Zn were the only elements in this study for which the concentrations at anthesis dropped considerably below the corresponding seed concentrations -- a pattern that could be related to the generally slow uptake rates and/or the strong dependence on soil microbes and/or mycorrhiza for these nutrients, as discussed elsewhere[@b15]. With reference to our third hypothesis, our data clearly confirm the prominent role of N in explaining the element concentration pattern. However, including additional nutrients so that each of the three groups identified here is represented (e.g. N, P, K) would provide a more complete picture of nutrient research issues related to the ones investigated here. Apart from the developmental stage and weather, the nutrient concentration pattern in plants is influenced also by the nutrient bioavailability in the soil[@b1][@b10]. However, the nutrient concentrations in plants often reflect nutrient uptake conditions more than nutrient availabilities in the soil, and the relationships between the concentrations of individual nutrient elements in the plant and soil are not linear[@b1]. Because here we considered only one soil exposed to common-practice nutrient fertilization in Sweden, we cannot rule out that other soils would have produced slightly different patterns compared to the results reported here. Similarly, the consideration of wheat varieties other than 'Olivin', which is commonly grown in Sweden, could result in patterns different from those reported here. Nevertheless, our results were obtained from a commonly used wheat variety grown in a representative field site for cool-temperate Sweden throughout two consecutive years. Thus, we believe that the main directions of element stoichiometry pattern identified here are valid also in other contexts. In conclusion, the seed-to-seed approach applied here provided novel insights into the temporal dynamics of nutrient concentration pattern. We identified three groups of elements with concentrations changing in concert. We found strong influence of developmental stage on element concentration pattern, with greatest variation between concentrations in grain and vegetative plant at the start of stem elongation in spring (cf. hypothesis 1). Inter-annual differences in weather were reflected in nutrient stoichiometry (cf. hypothesis 2). In the short term (one to two years), preceding crop was only weakly reflected by the element concentration pattern of the main crop (wheat) in a crop rotation. The variation in nutrient concentration pattern was closely mirrored by the pattern in N concentration (cf. hypothesis 3). Methods ======= Study site ---------- The study was carried out during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in a long-term field experiment at Säby (R4-0009), 5 km south of Uppsala, Sweden (59° 45′ N, 17° 42′ E)[@b20]. The soil at the experimental site is a Cambisol formed in postglacial sediments. The soil texture is a silty clay (British standards institution; 15% clay, 55% silt, 30% sand) with an organic matter content of 4% and pH (H~2~O) 6.1. The mean total carbon (C) and N concentrations were 28.1 and 2.5 g kg^−1^, respectively, at 0--60 cm soil depth; the corresponding pseudo-total concentrations (ammonium lactate extractable) of P, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe were 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 2.2, 0.3, 0.4 g kg^−1^, respectively (unpublished data from soil sampling in November 2010 based on dry soil samples milled and sieved at 2 mm before analysis). The soil C concentrations were measured using dry combustion and infrared gas analysis (LECO). Climate in Uppsala is boreal-temperate and the growing season normally lasts from April to October. Spring 2013 was drier than normal with mean temperature similar to or lower than long-term mean, whereas spring 2014 was wetter and warmer than the long-term mean ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). Experimental design and crop management --------------------------------------- The Säby long-term field experiment[@b20] was established in 2010 with a randomized complete block design with four replicates and an individual plot size of 420 m^2^. Sampling for this study was conducted in 6-years crop rotations and a monoculture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. 'Olivin'). In 2013, wheat was sampled in the monoculture and in one rotation with flax as the preceding crop; in 2014, wheat was sampled in the monoculture and two crop rotations, i.e. with winter rape and grassland ley as preceding crops ([Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"}). Further details about the crop rotations are reported elsewhere[@b20]. Conventional tillage system including ploughing and disk harrowing was performed in the monoculture and crop rotations studied here. Wheat seeds were sown on 10^th^ October 2012 (prior to the 2013 growing season) and 13^th^ September 2013 (prior to the 2014 growing season). Seed rate was 540 seeds m^−2^, as common in the region. Wheat was fertilized with P and K before autumn sowing (2.6 and 5.0 g m^−2^, respectively) and with 12.0 g N m^−2^ (corresponding to 120 kg ha^−1^) in the spring. This amount of N is near the recommended dose for winter wheat on fertile soils in this area. The preceding crop flax was sown on 16 May 2011 and received 2.1 and 4.0 g m^−2^ P and K, respectively, in autumn of the same year; no N fertilizer was applied to the flax plots. The flax was harvested in October 2012 and winter wheat was sown immediately thereafter. The preceding crop winter rape was sown in August 2012 and received 3.1 g m^−2^ of P and 6.0 g m^−2^ of K at sowing, and 11.0 g N m^−2^ in the following spring. The rapeseed was harvested in September 2013, followed by winter wheat seed bed preparation and sowing. The preceding crop grassland ley was under-sown in barley in autumn 2011 and consisted of a mixture of 35% timothy (Phleum pretense L., cv Gate City), 35% perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv Birger), 25% meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L. cv Sigmund), 10% red clover (Trifolium pretense L. cv. Ares), 10% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv Nexus) and 5% white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv Ramona). The plots received 6.1 g N m^−2^, 2.1 g P m^−2^ and 4.0 g K m^−2^ in October 2011. Additional 5.5 g N m^−2^, 2.5 g P m^−2^ and 9.0 g K m^−2^ were applied to the plots in spring 2012 and 2013. Barley was harvested in August 2011 and the under-sown grassland ley was cut in October 2012. In 2013, the ley was cut twice (15^th^ June and 24^th^ July) before it was plowed under in August 2013 followed by winter wheat seed bed preparation and sowing, as customary in the region. Sampling -------- Sampling of aboveground plant parts was done between September 2012 and August 2014 within a 36-m^2^ subplot in the southern corners of the individual plots[@b20]. Samples of winter wheat seed grain (autumn 2012 and 2013) were dried and stored for later element analysis. The aboveground biomass (taken from the ground level) from randomly selected 0.32-m^2^ areas of each subplot was sampled when approx. 50% of the wheat plants within the individual plots were at the following developmental stages (BBCH[@b22]): three leaf stage (BBCH 13; around 12^th^ October in 2012 and 2013), at start of stem elongation (BBCH 31; 13^th^ May in 2013 and 14^th^ March in 2014), at anthesis (BBCH 61; around 13^th^ June in 2013 and 2014), and at the end of maturity (BBCH 99; 13^th^ August in 2013 and 2014). At the last harvest at BBCH 99, winter wheat straw and grain were harvested separately; grain threshing was performed manually. All samples were oven-dried at 70 °C for 36 h, weighed and ground in a stainless steel grinder to pass a 1-mm mesh before nutrient element analysis. N concentration was analyzed on a LECO CNS/2000 analyzer using a standard method (SS-ISO13878). The contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Na were extracted using 32.5% Nitric Acid on a heat block and concentrations were determined using ICP-AES technique (Spectro Blue FMS 26, Spectro Analytical Instruments, Kleve, Germany) by applying internal standardization protocols. Statistical analysis -------------------- The SPSS version 22 procedure General Linear Model was used for calculating probabilities of significant differences in element concentrations for effects of preceding crop, year and developmental stage. In 2013, the preceding crops were monoculture (i.e. wheat was here statistically treated as a preceding crop) and flax. In 2014, the preceding crops were monoculture, winter rape and ley. Effects of Year (2013 and 2014) were calculated using data only from the monoculture. The SPSS version 22 procedure CATPCA was used to group the samples according to element concentrations pattern in Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and relate the grouping to the [supplementary variables](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} year (representing weather), time (representing crop developmental stage), and preceding crop. Element concentrations were defined as numeric (continuous) variables, and [supplementary variables](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} were defined categorical. Additional Information ====================== How to cite this article: Weih, M. et al. Nutrient stoichiometry in winter wheat: Element concentration pattern reflects developmental stage and weather. Sci. Rep. 6, 35958; doi: 10.1038/srep35958 (2016). Supplementary Material {#S1} ====================== ###### Supplementary Information The support of the project "AgResource - Resource Allocation in Agriculture", from the Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences is gratefully acknowledged. Author Contributions M.W., F.P. and G.V. planned and designed the research. F.P. conducted the field work, and M.W. did most of the data analysis. M.W. wrote major part of the manuscript, with substantial inputs from G.V. and also F.P. during the writing. ![Growing conditions during the experimental period.\ (A) total monthly precipitation and (B) average air temperature. '2013' refers to the period September 2012-August 2013, '2014' to September 2013-August 2014. Long-term (1896--2014) average (solid black line) and average ± standard deviation (shaded areas) are plotted as a term of comparison. All the data were collected at the Ultuna climate station near Uppsala, situated 3 km south-west from the experimental site at Säby.](srep35958-f1){#f1} ![Element concentration ratios (means in preceding crop divided by means in monoculture) in winter wheat above ground biomass (spring at BBCH 31, (A--C) summer at BBCH 61, (D--F) and grain yield (G--I) field-grown in Central Sweden during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014). Closed bars indicate significant differences (P \< 0.05) in element concentrations when comparing the respective preceding crop (flax, rape or ley) and monoculture.](srep35958-f2){#f2} ![Element concentration ratios (means at different developmental stages by seed grain).\ Means across different preceding crops in spring (A,D) summer (B,E) and grain yield (C,F) in winter wheat (spring at BBCH 31, summer at BBCH 61) field-grown in monoculture in Central Sweden during two growing seasons (2013, A--C; and 2014, D--F). Closed bars indicate significant differences (P \< 0.05) in element concentrations when comparing the spring, summer and grain yield, respectively, with the seed grain. Note: y-axis is in log~e~ scale.](srep35958-f3){#f3} ![Element concentration ratios (means at different developmental stages divided by seed grain) as functions of developmental stage (BBCH) in winter wheat field-grown in monoculture in Central Sweden during the two growing seasons (2013 open symbols; and 2014 closed symbols; for graphical clarity, only the means for each developmental stage and year are reported).\ Quadratic functions were fitted to most of the data, except Fe for which a power function was fitted. Note the different y-axis scales.](srep35958-f4){#f4} ![Grouping of samples according to Principal Components Analysis (PCA).\ Samples are replicates of element concentrations in winter wheat at different developmental stages, i.e. seed grain, above ground plant biomass in spring (BBCH 31), above ground plant biomass in summer (BBCH 61), and grain yield. The wheat was field-grown in Central Sweden during two growing seasons (2013, open symbols; and 2014, closed symbols) and with different preceding crops (wheat monoculture, blue symbols; non-wheat preceding crop, red symbols). Eigenvalues 7.78 for dimension 1 (explanatory power 71%), and 1.76 for dimension 2 (explanatory power 16%).](srep35958-f5){#f5} ###### Schematic outline of the crop sequence arrangements sampled in the Säby long-term experiment near Uppsala, Sweden (R4--0009)[@b20]. Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 --------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ --- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Wheat monocult. W W W W W W W W W W W C~P~ Flax W W F F F W W W R R R C~P~ Rapeseed F F W W W R R R W W W C~P~ Ley B B L^2^ L L L L L W W W Sampling of plant material was done only in wheat (W, bold dark letters). The light letters indicate the here not sampled crops of the crop sequences, including the preceding crops (C~P~) flax (F), rapeseed (R), ley (L) and additionally also barley (B) in the C~P~ Ley sequence. Winter crops were sown in the autumn preceding the year in which they were harvested. ^1^I Jan -- Apr, II May -- Aug, III Sep -- Dec. ^2^Under-sown in barley (B). ###### Means and standard deviations (in parentheses) of above ground biomass (B) during the main growth period and grain yield of winter wheat, grown in monoculture (Mono) and with various preceding crops (Flax, Rape, Ley) in two years (2013 and 2014 growing seasons) in a long-term field experiment. Trait\* Year 1 Year 2 -------------------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- B at BBCH 31 (g m^−2^) 24.4 (12.6) 25.2 (5.8) 38.1 (13.8) 37.0 (3.3) 38.8 (10.0) B at BBCH 61 (g m^−2^) 144 (53) 276 (17) 919 (55) 899 (50) 1008 (168) R~G~ (week^−1^) 0.26 (0.13) 0.35 (0.04) 0.35 (0.04) 0.35 (0.01) 0.36 (0.04) Grain yield (g m^−2^) 323 (113) 299 (117) 656 (72) 684 (25) 721 (84) R~G~ relative growth rate between start of stem elongation (BBCH 31) and anthesis (BBCH 61). \*P values for significant differences between preceding crops and years were mostly \<0.05, except for \<0.01 in the cases of treatment differences for B at BBCH 61 (year 1), and year differences (only data from monoculture considered) for grain yield and B at BBCH 61. ###### General Linear Model and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) results for winter wheat field-grown in Central Sweden. Element Plants at BBCH 31 Plants at BBCH 61 Grain yield PCA --------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------ ------ ------ ----- ------ ------ -------- -------- N --- --- \\ --- --- --- --- --- --- 0.981 0.172 P --- \\ \* \* --- --- --- --- --- 0.762 0.562 K --- \* \\ --- \* \\ --- --- --- 0.705 −0.652 Ca --- --- \* \\ --- --- --- \* --- 0.771 −0.595 Mg --- --- --- \* \\ \\ --- --- --- 0.864 −0.043 S --- --- \\ --- --- \* --- --- --- 0.960 −0.064 Mn --- --- --- \* --- \* --- --- \* 0.761 0.071 Fe --- --- --- --- --- \\ --- --- \\ 0.931 −0.029 Zn --- \* --- --- --- --- --- --- \* 0.556 0.771 Cu --- \* \\ --- \* --- --- \\ \\ 0.937 0.102 Na --- \\ --- --- \\ \* --- --- --- 0.917 −0.138 Year[§](#t3-fn1){ref-type="fn"} 0.146 −0.003 Time[§](#t3-fn1){ref-type="fn"} −0.393 0.716 C~p~[§](#t3-fn1){ref-type="fn"} 0.132 −0.057 Probability values (- P \> 0.05, \* 0.01 \< P \< 0.05, \\P \< 0.01) in element concentrations for effects of preceding crop (C~P~ - monoculture vs. different preceding crops) of plants at two developmental stages (BBCH) and grain yield in two years (2013 and 2014); and Year (here considering only data from the monoculture). Correlations between the first two principal components (Dimensions 1 and 2) and the original variables, according to PCA presented in [Fig. 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}; components are element concentrations and the [supplementary variables](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"} year (representing weather), time (representing crop developmental stage), and C~p~. ^§^Supplemental categorical variables in PCA.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Central'}
It's A Schizo's Life There is a question prevalent in Honneth’s work on Verstehen with regards mutual understanding and recognition and diagnosis , especially when one takes into account the work of Michel Foucault in his book the Birth of the Clinic and the shift from the patient speaking for himself to the gaze of the physician, the therapeutic relation’s historical relation to psychoanalysis, and from there to the later history of psychiatry, to which we can add Michel Foucault’s observations with regards Pinel and Tuke and the question of a possible preference for chains rather than therapy that is later taken up in Discipline and Punish with regards his critique of Benthamite utilitarianism and the disciplinary society . It is here we get to the ideas of ‘techne’ whether Heideggerian or Foucauldian (analysed in the History of Sexuality as well as Discipline and Punish ) and we then have to tackle the relation of diagnosis and ‘recovery’ to techniques and strategies used in treatment, that are always situated from a Gramscian hegemonic point of view within an economic discourse (both supportive of any dominant hegemony and always working counter to it, it is here we can really get to grips with a Foucauldian analysis of power, and specifically to mental health we can bring in the work on the history of social movements of Nick Crossley , and his argument that these different intensities of power in the different truth claims to power of mental health social movements and psychology, social work, nursing and psychiatry are working in a competitive field of knowledge and influence, and it is here a criticism of recovery discourse really takes place). What are the methods and practices (techne) used in nursing? What is the clients’ relation to these techne, his/her experience with regards the institutional intentions of the NHS with regards his/her care? Perhaps there is a way of looking at problems of diagnosis and cure where one thinks of the distinction between letting something be as it is, specifically as something which resists understanding, and trying to ‘understand’ something, where ‘to understand’ is equivalent to working out where something should be (i.e. categorising), Phronesis. There is a difference between the different words for understanding, Phronesis and Verstehen, as a matter of hermeneutics. A theorist who dealt with this was Habermas who when pressed for a translation into English of his use of Verstehen (as it it’s meaning is vague) said ‘consensus’. However, it also means ‘mutual understanding’ in a sense that might be closer to Honneth’s use of Recognition, where one does not have to diagnose but ‘understand something for what it is’ ‘or someone for ‘who they are’ rather than the way two subjects ‘need it [the thing] to be about’ which Verstehen can also mean, ie consensus. However, the level of ‘understanding’ that is phronesis, which is a more diagnostic gaze, may move from epistemology to ontology, or at least that is the truth claim of psychiatry in its discursive addition to knowledge of mental health as a science. There are also issues of power excavated by Foucault in his use of the word ‘gaze’ here as well, we can look to the Birth of the Clinic here as well as Discipline and Punish with regards this. The effect this has on power relations, especially two individuals in an institutional engagement and the different calls they can make on differing power and knowledge bases, not to mention economic bases. How this will affect not just the engagement, but the application of techne and the result on the subjectivity of the one with less power, bearing in mind this power is not contained merely in the two individuals participating but is contained in the broader relations to power, knowledge and economy mentioned. In a sense the individuals involved are conduits of these relations. Giorgio Agamben’s use of Foucault’s biopolitics takes in zoe and bios . Zoe refers to life in the sense of being alive or dead, bios refers to the art of living, ethics, possibilities of personal fulfilment etc. Another way of looking at the above CS Lewis quote and its relation to a curative gaze with regards mental health issues is to see the tyranny of conscience playing out as a death wish by figuratively looking at zoe versus bios as a distinction between negative liberty and positive liberty, as defined by Isaiah Berlin . Where we see the tyranny of conscience denies the right to define one’s own bios as negative freedom in the name of a zoe death wish, the drive to cure the other limits the more autonomous possibilities of the person ‘suffering’. An example of this is David Pilgrim’s analysis of the terms ‘nuisance’ and ‘danger’ with regards the social control of people with mental health issues . Where a positive freedom, the drive to decide the other’s way of life, is aimed at such individuals as a puritan thanatos denial of vitality, attitudes that people with mental health issues are victims of their own errant behaviour rather than appreciating the potential in the struggle ‘to be’ as a libidinous Eros facing outwards concerned with their own ways to live, ideas and a positive vitalism. It is perhaps here that we can see Foucault’s ambivalence with regards the York Retreat Tuke holistic pastoral working cure for mental health illness in Madness and Civilisation , and later his criticism of the utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham in Discipline and Punish . The soft ability to punish through ‘care’ or the ‘pursuit of happiness’ as outcome measure rather than happiness as a vital product of a life well-lived. With Lewis’ tyranny the example is obviously aimed at religious tyranny, but I think there is another economic and political policy one that stems through the relation, or elective affinity that Max Weber outlined in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism that is then reflected hegemonically within capitalism itself through techniques with regards mental health in NHS (and entrepreneurial mental health recovery – due to the instrumental pursuit of profit) for ideological reasons. This is part and parcel of the critique of instrumental reason of the Frankfurt School found in Adorno and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Reason and Herbert Marcuse’s One Dimensional Man . Therefore when critiquing recovery and looking for unrecovery escape vectors we specifically need to look at the use of certain more tyrannical or punitive techniques (those used ‘for your own good’) and their relation to cost effectiveness as extant within the requirements of the system rather than as a result of a more anthropomorphised understanding of the economy (i.e. beliefs that the crisis was due to banker’s greed rather than the way capitalism works – and any elective affinities that may occur between such anthropomorphisation and ideas of the individual subject vis a vis psychological discourse as a result of what are, to be honest, consumerist subjectivities required for certain hegemonic relations with the means of production without capital) or as simply nothing more than the power struggles of psychiatrists versus psychologists for territory (although this paradigmatic competition certainly exists) outside and separate from the workings of the economy. If we return to the Tuke York Retreat working cure we can return to the relationship between unemployment, the Work Capability Assessment , or moreover mental health disability and the ESA WRAG group and ‘workfare’ (especially the research showing the failings of workfare ), and from that the relation between the Protestant Ethic and the problem of what is valued as work with regards criticisms such as those of Kathi Weeks , and to the relation between recovery, diagnosis and cure from there. The relations of feminism to low paid affective labour, the right to recover – wages after all come from the relation between the supply and demand of available labour and the surplus profit that can be squeezed out of the labour-time they are for, so in this sense the time allowed to recover when related to back-to-work outcome measures will be related to that labour time and therefore recovery from diagnosis fits into the work relation of capitalist exploitation right there, when combined with ESA, WCA tests and outcome measure based recovery techne. One can then think of not just the needs of those who have specific diagnoses and the very concrete effect austerity has had on the possibilities of autonomous ‘bios’, the possibilities of ways of living, but also hegemonically with regards discursive core beliefs that are related to attitudes towards people with mental health issues as ‘scroungers’ or ‘spongers’ (that one can analyse by looking at sado-masochistic and fascistic theories in both Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle and his Theory of the Group , as well as ideas of microfascism as explicated by Deleuze and Guattari especially where this involves receipt of social security and it’s labour-time relation to diagnosis and recovery becuase one cannot receive ESA, DLA or PIP for mental health issues without a diagnosis. As a form of techne we can look at CBT, where CBT, and its promotion in policy in a utilitarian form by Layard, is one that has been specifically targeted with regards cost cutting (not just it’s purported efficacy in Layard, and criticisms of such efficacy almost everywhere else) . Where materialist neuroscientists such as Damasio and others can show that there is indeed a relation between emotion and cognition, but the short training, the issues in therapeutic relationship (noted by Richard Bentall ) and the limited hegemonic non-discursive relation to language (a quick perusal of either Saussure or Charles S Pierce will find fault, let alone Althusser or Lacan) leads it to being a subjectivising biopower techne rather than a vitalist biopolitical one (where we use Foucault’s distinction ). We can look at a similar point in past history to this attempt to cut costs under austerity with regards Andrew Scull’s analysis of the cost cutting behind decarceration in the ‘80s and ‘90s and its relation to diagnosis and recovery then there where medication was claimed to be the factor behind the move to care in the community, but Scull’s historical analysis shows it was costs, and we can look at the turf war between social working, nursing, psychiatry and psychology there, with some arguing that the psychiatrists won back power through CTOs . One interesting in-road to the question of recognition is Habermas’ communicative ethics and their place in his deliberative democracy and it’s relation to Gramsci’s idea of Hegemony , the place of language in that and RD Laing’s authoritarian nexus and its place in psychosis and from there appreciate that there is the doubling effect of austerity that the average psychotic will hear in everyday life, especially those place in the WRAG who end up in workfare. If we are to look aty a vital relation to the double binds that Bateson notes as important, then outside the family nexus, for those very unwell, or distressed, who find it hard to work, find work, or stay in work, with the threats of sanctions, then given the arguments above here is the vital, zoe, life or death relation. How can a recognition-based communicative practice that looks at the social causes, issues and support involved in mental health nursing help in these circumstances? Habermas’ communicative ethics requires a critical agency on the part of the speaker in order for the dialogue to be reasonable, from the lacuna in this everyday experience illocutionary aspects of speech will occur (Hannah Arendt would argue this is inevitable ), these illocutionary speech acts can end up, using Freud’s unfulfilled wish fulfilment as an example of a possible route to a micro-tyranny, in becoming part of this hypothetical psychotic’s everyday linguistic experience within their nexus, those aspects of everyday language use uncritical of austerity, rather than active deliberative democratic critical agency, can come across as authoritarian. This is a result of the requirements of everyday citizens to act in certain ways and hold certain relations towards each other, certain performative frameworks, in order for any form of recognition to take place in the workplace, as a result of working within the remits of a policy of austerity. As austerity requires the working class to cut what little resources they have (more and more so as inequality increases ) then these illocutionary everyday affects will tend to be more ‘austere’ with regards acts of recognition with regards shared social space and resources and will be unlikely to create solidarity without at least some cognitive dissonance, thus taking issues in the general mental ‘wealth’ out of any family group nexus to a more social issue with regards the prevalence of psychosis and recovery from it in the long run in the general population. Unrecovery therefore is an attempt to regain some autonomy in this milieu. Honneth tries in the book Disrespect tries to wrest the fate of Kantian autonomy from the twin critiques of Freud, romanticism and Nietzsche on the one hand “pointing to the unconscious drives and motives of individual action” demonstrating that “the human subject cannot be transparent to itself in the manner claimed in the classical notion of autonomy”; and on the other hand the history of linguistics from the intellectual current of Saussure and Wittgenstein that points to “the dependence of individual speech on a pre-given system of linguistic meanings” showing that “the human subject cannot constitute or exhaust meaning in the manner of transcendental philosophy…[calling] the possibility of the individual constitution of meaning into question, thereby invalidating autonomy in the sense of the authorship of the subject.” So whilst “the psychological critique sees libidinal forces within the subject as something foreign but necessary to its action, the language-philosophical deconstruction of subjectivity is covered with uncovering the actuality of linguistic systems of meaning, and actuality that precedes all intentionality. Both dimensions, the unconscious as well as language, refer to powers or forces operative in every individual action without the subject ever being able to control them completely or even detect them. This conclusion however disturbing it might be for the subject’s narcissism, is largely accepted in philosophy today.” In Honneth’s attempt to reconcile this thorny subject with Kant’s original thesis on autonomy. To do this he refers to theory of intersubjectivity to formulate a meaningful concept of personal autonomy. He turns to G.H Mead and Donald .W. Winnicott to find the first outlines of a position “which allows the uncontrollable powers of language and the unconscious to be grasped not as a limitation for the acquisition of personal autonomy, but as it’s enabling condition.” And it is precisely this struggle that the psychotic finds him/her/themselves in when meeting the institutions of the NHS and the DWP as well as in the marketplace that we all struggle with. Conclusion In this chapter I very much wanted to explore from the psychotic subject’s point of view the narrative arc self-expression can take in not just contemporary late capitalist society but specifically under austerity, something I argue is a new economic policy with respect to post-WWII economics, a period in which the discourse of ‘recovery’ has changed massively, largely in relation to the NHS and welfare state that did not exist previously, but specifically under threat of that social support structure being lost to those who require for reasons of their mental distress. So there is the double quandary of both its institutional governance but also the threat of the removal of a safety net that on humanitarian terms is an improvement on the free market of the Victorian era. As such I have resorted to the linguistic cultural knowledge of society’s musical and other cultural undercurrents: black urban music culture, the Hardcore continuum, hip hop, dance and jazz, as well as the history of the baby of the blues; rock n’ roll, especially punk in order to speak this subaltern but British condition . There is a thesis that Wright and Bartlett and the contributors involved suggest in the book Outside the Walls of The Asylum that there has been a hidden history of mental health care that goes back through nursing to midwifery and witchcraft, or at least herbal healers, the original community care, hints of the relation to this can be found in Silvia Federici’s book Caliban and the Witch which she traces in relation to the history of capitalism and primitive accumulation. There is a sense where the psychotic is Wolf-head , banished but blameless, who doesn’t quite fit into an iron cage required of the outlaw shaman by the market. A relation to the requirements of personal autonomy that makes the tick box outcome measures of the Recovery Star quite pointless. If unrecovery is anything it is this. Since Freud found his book in a bookshop, it has been discovered that President Schreber’s father was an incredibly abusive man, he was an inventor of child disciplinary instruments, almost suitable for a modern S&M dungeon, or worse the torture devices of the Inquisitions of the Middle Ages. These the father tested on his own child, the future Schreber and his solar anus. It is in the sense that mental health strategies are a way of living with trauma and it is here that Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle and its discussion of the relation in childhood between trauma, play and repetition begins to make a lot of sense with regards the punk strategy of the UK Mad Pride collective of the 1990s where punk was used as a mad vehicle The fanzine Sniffin’ Glue’s famous statement “here’s three chords now form a band” (the editor of the fanzine, Mark Perry of Alternative TV, did indeed play a fair few Mad Pride fund raisers in order to then protest CTOs) then becomes here’s three practices now find a way to live with your mental health, repeat, repeat, repeat, and onwards to the improvised jazz method, here’s four to twenty standards, practice the hell out of them, learn to improvise riffs off of them and then signify the fuck out of your knots, anti-language as mad practice. This can’t be copyrighted as a ‘recovery tool’, this is the madness of the commons, the Lollards, Ranters and Ravers, the modern English Dissenters of psychosis. During Les Evènements in 1968 the graffiti proclaimed, “Beneath the Streets, The Beach”. And then there’s Morton Feldman crying to Alvin Curran not much later (over 20 years after Adorno declared no more poetry after Auschwitz,) “Can’t you hear them? They’re screaming! Still screaming out from under the pavements!” Which of these aphorisms today, 50 years later, holds more weight?” Exegesis Exit With regards Hegel I think it is worth noting that Deleuze mentions his anti-Hegelianism as a ‘silent conversation’ with Hegel , where he states especially morphogenesis, the idea that the genetic material contains potential information that then has broad diverse limits to its future form dependent on that relation with the environment versus the idea of Aristotle/ Platonic ideal forms and that ideological relation to Hegel’s concept of the world spirit. And I would suggest it is worth approaching my discussion of Hegelian/ Marxist theories and Deleuze & Guattari and the relation to the phenomenology of psychosis, that I have narrated here, with that in mind Tyranny or phantasm? “Of all tyrannies, a tyranny sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most oppressive. It would be better to live under robber barons than under omnipotent moral busybodies. The robber baron’s cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own conscience. They may be more likely to go to Heaven yet at the same time likelier to make a Hell of earth. This very kindness stings with intolerable insult. To be “cured” against one’s will and cured of states which we may not regard as disease is to be put on a level of those who have not yet reached the age of reason or those who never will; to be classed with infants, imbeciles, and domestic animals. ” “Sometimes people hold a core belief that is very strong. When they are presented with evidence that works against that belief, the new evidence cannot be accepted. It would create a feeling that is extremely uncomfortable, called cognitive dissonance. And because it is so important to protect the core belief, they will rationalize, ignore and even deny anything that doesn’t fit in with the core belief ” “As the child passes over from the passivity of the experience to the activity of the game, he hands on the disagreeable experience to one of his playmates and in this way revenges himself on a substitute ” “The means to do this [effect a double-bind] are not direct injunctions but attributions. That is, the mother both in effect orders the daughter to remember, and in effect orders her not to remember… In effect, then, as soon as anything comes into her mind the mother attributes both badness and madness to the daughter in oscillation. If the daughter tries not to be bad she is defined as mad. If she tries to avoid being mad she is defined as bad. The only partial way for the daughter out of this untenable position might be for her to falsify her perceptions and her own memory to fit in with what her mother might want to perceive or to remember. ” Another failed exegesis. Fail and fail better, pick yourself up and fail again. With regards, not just Deleuze and Guattari and the Body without Organs , but also with respect to Foucault’s use of the idea of the body and its relation to the corps in his study on biopolitics , it is worth noting that trauma research seems to be centred in the body . Neuroscience prioritizes the emotions before cognition and language comes after that so in this sense there is a rationale to Lacan’s argument that the symbolic should be understood as being related to The Law . But here amongst the word salads (Radio Crazy as the Stones’ Voice Dialogue technique calls it ), alongside Wittgenstein’s unknowable or incomparable beetles, one comes across the frustration of Lacan’s Mathemes (we can also think of frustration leading to thought as described by Bion and his negative K – or the aspects of the partial object theory of Klein that also influenced Deleuze and Guattari ). This frustration seems to be why we get word salads as apophenic lines of flight, Deleuze and Guattari’s point was to use this embodied tendency of the mind to desire to escape for intentional practice, hence their honorific of the ‘artistic’ schizophrenic, but with regards psychology and the experience of dissociative states, these escape attempts of the mind, from knots as both Laing and Lacan called them, do indeed lead to lines of flight as the body, rather than the ‘will’ (it is worth thinking of the bodywork of Moshe Feldenkrais here where he distinguishes between ability and will. He claims ability is more important than will, he uses an example of having the sense of self and awareness to feel the fly land on the end of a feather (ability) something one cannot do at the end of an iron rod . Gregory Bateson discusses a similar thing with regards to “Samuel Butler’s insistence that the better an organism ‘knows’ something, the less conscious it becomes of its knowledge i.e there is a process whereby knowledge (or ‘habit’ – whether of action, perception or thought) sinks to deeper and deeper levels of the mind” . Again we can relate this back to the quote by Lefebvre above of primary and secondary nature), tries to work out and communicate, express, divulge, these unspeakable, unutterable, unmentionable feelings and the resulting verbal expression thus sounds like a word salad to someone they are communicated to who has a very different emotional subjectivity (Bateson argues this is the Ecology of Mind in his question and answer session with his daughter ) the language games are very different and the mental health professional trying to untangle them is playing, unavoidably, an often more institutionally hegemonic game, no matter the intentions of either party. However, it is also in this sense that narrative becomes highly important in mental health recovery studies. But with respect to this import we still have the problem of normalisation and its relation to agency and the person in the subaltern position’s relation to the means of production within that and thus the complex problematic of their right to speak, or even the struggle, the fight to speak, for and as oneself, oneselves, themself, themselves. Framing the experience My own experience of voice hearing and dissociation leads me to enjoy the work of Franz Kafka and Samuel Beckett as they chime with my own experience, some of which I have tried to convey by leaving this article as part word salad, one that has a social theoretic and cultural referential framing within which to situate it, that also creates vacuoles in what would otherwise be a standard academic text. So, therefore, I have left the example narratives without citations. As such I do find the theory of Deleuze and Guattari useful with regards my self-understanding, their theory of assemblages is one I find can be adapted to earlier theories of nexi, phantasms and constructs. Ron Coleman argued that the voices are real , this is the same argument Laing quotes Isaacs as proposing about phantasms , however assemblages have a more complex and dynamic morphology . I also find the communicative ethics of Jurgen Habermas and the recognition theory of Axel Honneth useful too, they have the possibility to ground the experiences of the psychotic and the theories of Deleuze and Guattari in a potential theory of recognition (accepting the challenges Foucault’s theories of power presented for Habermas ), and between these theories one can use the plethora of theories that have tried to reconcile Habermas, Foucault, Freudian, Weberian and Marxist theories of economic organisation (especially Frankfurt School) and from there is this well-trodden path seems to lead via autonomism outwards to semiotic theories of modern working relations (whether Hardt and Negri , Bifo Berardi , Silvia Federici and the affective body, or Kathi Weeks and the problem with work , especially after 7 years of austerity). I find the theory of recognition when combined with what Deleuze called microfascist reterritorialization especially useful, especially where Habermas’ use of the term Verstehen means less ‘consensus’ and more ‘mutual understanding’ , an understanding that allows for disagreement and refusal, respect and recognition in other words, whilst still supporting a right to be, to exist. But I do see with regards autonomism’s criticism of the problem of work (and David Graeber’s concept of bullshit jobs ) in Deleuze’s postscript to a control society an interesting reflection of middle class white collar aspirational subjectivity and its relation to the entrepreneurial side of mental health recovery, especially the idea of ‘recovery champions’- people whose exemplary recovery as peers are supposed to lead a path for others, but is often another career path for those with advantages. Unrecovery Reprise But then let us read about anti-language as well as psychoanalytic interpretations of word salads, as they CAN be broken down and made sense of, think of the purpose of the vernacular, of Cockney Rhyming slang, the Polari of Carry On films, or the slang in Hip hop after reading Henry Louis Gates Junior’s Signifying Monkey, then skat like a jazz singer, read Lefebvre’s Production of Space and think of the spatial archaeology of one’s own knowledge base and learn to surf the signifiers of the linguistic architecture. Think of whether we can ever elude control? Think of the deliberate obfuscation of Deleuze and Guattari. Think Sokal and postmodern nonsense , but then think of Lewis Carroll and the Jabberwocky. Mathemes were never supposed to be mathematical. Apophenic low theory narrative example #2 “A different Carroll, Peter Carroll, set up the Illuminates of Thanateros and like Dion Fortune and her book on psychic protection, the early learning path is to write a banishing ritual. To join the order one sends off one’s banishing ritual to be examined. But only a fool sends off their best ritual. However, before he committed suicide Ian Curtis of Joy Division wrote a song ‘She’s Lost Control’ but what do we do in the Society of Control as described by Gilles Deleuze once all are secrets are gone. Or as George Clinton sung in the early Doo Wop group The Parliaments, ‘All your goodies are gone’ the very thing that happened to Prince Gronniosaw of the Kingdom of Zaara, like Caliban, gave up his gold chains to the white merchant in exchange for that talking book, the Bible. When you’ve given it away like the Red Hot Chili Peppers, managed as they are by Louise Mensch’s partner, she of the Starbucks fallacy, the white slave trader’s wife. You rewrite history, again and again and again and again. You write beyond the pleasure principle. As the Chosen Brothers sing on a Rhythm and Sound Burial Mix riddim, ‘Making History’. The secret technology of the Voodoo Ray, not microwave ray guns and tin foil hat specious put downs (forgetting that conspiracy theories on the Illuminati stem from pro-Monarchist supporters of the sovereign will, French versions of either Hobbes or Filmer). Or as the Scots say it’s Oor Mad History cognisant of the Dialectic of the Enlightenment. Apophenia can be a skill to be mastered, an embodied one at that. Yes, the artist does it more economically productively, or at least the commercial ones, but then we have the autonomist’s refusal of work, what is a greater refusal of work than the schizophrenic refusing to do the abusive Master Signifier’s logical work and stop making sense. This is where mental health recovery can be a form of biopolitics. It isn’t that we don’t want psychotics to feel more joy… We do! We do! It is just that the normalisation game is a game of capture in the name of observance and abeyance to a hegemony. There is a legitimation crisis after any economic crisis, with austerity the logic behind the cuts wasn’t just at the level of economics but ideology too. But the artist needs to ask whether and where art is complicit in capitalist exploitation, and how we may never achieve an ideal economics, in the way that the S&M Dominatrix’ ‘edging’ will never achieve the full Deleuze and Guattari schizophrenic. The arc will never reach the inside of the circumference. One needs to know the feeling of rolling the car on the bend to recognise that feeling when you reach a limit. JG Ballard’s Crash. Rather than the psychogeographer’s derive, the rice burner’s drifting, throughout all seven Fast and Furious franchises, Mad Max: Fury Road like the Gulf War never happened, flaming guitars, poetry and all. And then! Let us make that edging sensation an art of life. Subspace as China Mieville’s Immer, waking dream with ice cream scream. Like the Brethren of the Free Spirit sinning their way to heaven and getting slaughtered every weekend in the crap towns of Britain. Towns so crap that the jealous sub-dwellers of the urban psychic undertow (that fuels Britain more than anyone, even in mental health services, cares to admit) demanded more volumes be produced so that their towns could be included in the glorious roster of crap as well, returning the gift. A punk Gnostic refusal of the top-down nature of the symbolic law in everyday life. ASBOs, CTOs and a fuck you too. The Common Knowledge imaginary sneaking potshots via vacuole wormholes at the Master Signifier. We have no Bibliothèque here, we burn our idols like they burned the Alexandrian library; Goths, Vandals and other signifier surfing no-mads of the edgelands of the Bardo. In the film Finding Nemo, the fish get caught up in a dragnet, the shoal of cod seem to have what Nietzsche called a herd mentality, voting for their own austerity. They manage to escape this time as Nemo learnt that they need to keep on swimming down, just as Daedalus taught Theseus how to find the minotaur, and encouraging the cod with this information Nemo uses the critical mass of the cod collective to break the trawler’s net and escape. Knossos itself is often acknowledged as being the labyrinth, the city itself, rather than the unconscious seething somewhere below this first city. Daedalus gave two bits of advice to Theseus before he left Athens: One don’t do anything anybody tells you to do. Two, to find the minotaur keep going down. Of course, Theseus needed the narrative thread of Ariadne to return. But it was Dionysius, the mad god of the Eleusinian Mysteries, running the show as the Ring Master, in his mother, Demeter, goddess of the abundant harvest, the cornucopia, the horn of plenty’s name (“Your mum!”) who ultimately settled down with Ariadne after the depressive Theseus abandoned her when he got home to found the great and historic Athenian demos.” Apophenic low theory narrative example #1 “With regards the arc and the circle, in that the arc never quite reaches the circle (kind of like ‘edging’ in the S&M sub/dom world), I would say a schizophrenic line of flight is more a tangent off of the surface of the Body without Organs. When I get a voice insertion, or the obverse a dystonic emotion (what is the difference? That is more than a rhetorical question) my mind is disturbed and my inclination is to babble, psychobabble, toss a word-salad as Laing called it. To signify. To think, rant, rap, filibuster my way out of the situation, where as a solution to Sartre’s Huis Clos the audience of the singer in the song ‘Exit’ (that was first aired on Sesame Street, Episode 666) is to leave the room until finally the singer is left alone. But it as if I am cornered, chased, as if I am dealing with a case of entrapment. Hounded by leading questions, found guilty until proven innocent like Kafka’s Josef K. Haunted by memories or ‘voices that are real’? I pringle. As the poet said “Once you pop you can’t stop!” Do I really want to break on through to the other side? Open the doors to perception? Leave Kafka’s cathedral by a side door? Or have I been violated by a punitive system that then terrorises me like a tyrannical, artificial group of Bernean Schlemiels asking for forgiveness, velociraptures, evangelist accelerationists, whilst simultaneously demanding that the guilt be mine, their bigotry demanded by them to be an aspect of my own identity, an ideal alienated self, that I must take in as my own in order to be forgiven a judgement that was prejudiced and erroneous in the first place. My existence, my form of life, seemingly the cause of their legitimation crisis, a Homo Sacer, that is more likely related to difficulties with a relation to a discursive reality principle. And never question that cognitive dissonance! Beethoven’s 9th has disrupted an answer that cannot be questioned. The moment you do that it proves you are wrong. The granny in Little Britain hitting the piano as she leaves the room, but at least she worked hard for it! When it is my responsibility, it is obviously my responsibility; when it is their responsibility it still seems to end up being my responsibility. A mind choked by well-poisoning ivy climbing the wall of my Negative K. Is the answer to accept that it is I who has some irrevocable sin that I must live in ever-present existential angst until I, having been deprived a healthy bios, become no more than ‘zöe’, to die awaiting someone else’s belief in an after-life that I do not believe exists, brought up as I was an atheist, a minoritarian narrative in a Capitalism that has failed to do a genealogy of morals with regards its own Protestant Ethic? Is this an individual phenomenon? A family phenomenon? A social phenomenon? An economic phenomenon? A local phenomenon? A regional one? A national one? A global one? Trump has been elected! Democracy has left the building. The authoritarians are refusing to leave, as to do so would be to take responsibility in a group dynamic and thus be vulnerable to the same scapegoating themselves, Rene Girard’s scapegoat, the subject of an Asch experiment,. My friends and allies the nomads still pop their heads back in the door to see if I am still singing, but then those who choose to leave can always leave. My filibuster is ongoing, it is my every day, waking thought.” Insufficient Exegesis In the sense that Wittgenstein uses his ‘beetles’ to explain the difficulty of labelling emotions then the ‘psychobabble’ of the ‘schizophrenic’ that RD Laing describes as a ‘word salad’, is akin, if one wishes to think of such a Batesonian ecology of mind and take the etymological roots of the word ‘akin’ literally here, and say ‘to escaping the unpleasure of the family’ – there is the possibility of a word play with these roots and use the neologism ‘akith’ here but one would have to be able to show a vital relationship, I hope to open up the possibility of doing so with Agamben’s idea of Homo Sacer and the schizophrenic on welfare under ‘permanent austerity’ . A perspective useful to interpret word salads is to see them as waking dreams closer to sleeping dreams as understood in Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams where the line of flight stems from escaping the unconscious censoring apparatus. Freud argued that the Superego was silent and the Id noisy. So the survival instinct, the Superego, Thanatos, can be thought of as closer to the fight or flight directed, earlier evolved, silent parts of the brain and the Id, Eros, as closer to the noisier, emotional, later developed, mammalian limbic system and beyond through the emotions relation to cognition – speech and other expressive forms of communication – from which we then arrive at the text and other mediated forms, including technology and architecture. We can think of Deleuze and Guattari’s ideas of assemblages and deterritorialisation here , along with Daniel Dennett’s decentred consciousness , although to do that one returns to the issue of qualia, and this does revolve around embodiment and the BwO. The idea that being delusional is something wholly problematic in itself seems suspect to me, in the ’70s in the UK the Mental Patients Union released a pamphlet with a fish on the hook on the cover . It symbolised mental illness as the ‘struggle to get off the hook of some fisherman’. Think of the illocutionary manipulative language of say converting evangelist Christians or some salesperson using NLP to nail their commissions; think of those courses for misogynist men on how to ‘pull more women’ – ‘pickup culture’ (eg Roosh V); and then imagine the schizophrenic’s memories that, like the emotions of a veteran suffering PTSD from one too many firefights, flees those feelings associated with trigger words or trigger experiences, whether personal, social or even architectural. Lines of flight deterritorialising rather than the circling aphasic returns of a masochist returning to their abusive partner, being told they are responsible for the other’s feelings, for the other’s needs, partially knowing it to be untrue but the pain of parting seems unbearable, a pain that seems to have no bodily source or explanation, yet it’s just not right, not conscionable, but ‘what is the right bodily feeling to have?’ Then think of the language of the sexually repressed family trying to create new capitalist work subjectivities in-house, the language, say of ‘choice’ brought home from work, and then applied to their own children, the difference between the disciplinarian societies of Foucault or the Laingian authoritarian nexus and the internalised subjectivities of the control societies of Deleuze . Figures suggest that 65% of people diagnosed with psychosis have a history of CSA or CPA (child sexual or physical abuse) and along with the evidence of trauma there is also the evidence of attachment theory but also those with mental health issues will be affected by the inability and lack of support families have in dealing with such trauma, there are no (or rather very few) guidelines, at least not in common knowledge, but rather than blaming them (esp. when clearly not the perpetrators) it is important to look at the communication involved, not just the support but the language involved and the relation to the elective affinities the people supporting have to certain unhelpful ideologies, including say consumerism that stems from the need to maximise sales as part of advertising in everyday media and its application to the self and work ethics, again for example Deleuze’s Society of Control . The history of the National Schizophrenic Fellowship and its relation to the charge of ‘mother blaming’ towards attachment theory and anti-psychiatry, that now can be understood as the neglect of families, the pressures on mothers from a social point of view and the denial of their struggles by the ideology of the day. Where the charge ‘don’t blame the mother’ can be better understood as a statement of ‘don’t blame the system that leaves mothers or families in that position in the first place’. We want to be able to do this without ignoring the importance of significant others in a child’s emotional development and the place trauma and communicative nexi both have on the development and later adult life. I would now like to return from this diversion on anti-recovery to the thinking, acting, speaking and/or writing psychotic subject who finds him/her/themself in any disadvantaged, concrete situation during a period of austerity, the basis for unrecovery. The revolution of everyday life is part of my experience of madness, of unrecovery, turning word salads into intentional nonsense (connecting the signified whilst leaping adjacent signifiers) is an escape vector that I use whilst dissociating. Apophenia can become a creative act. This is not a romanticism so much as a pragmatic respect for my own experience, I am not making out it is fun, a lot of the time it is sheer hell, BUT this IS a psychic warrior autodidact skillset masterclass, this is not a replicable recovery technique for a future Capita or ATOS outsourced but state funded privatised CMHT in the neo-conservative wet dream. To govern this technique one would need an Inception team not a Community Mental Health Team. This is an exemplary blueprint for the DIY punk unrecoveristas out there, not to be copied but to ripped up, torn up and detourned again into something else other than is written here. It is about making the most out of being in social circumstances where the probability of enduring multiple episodes is high. Gone on Lollardy It is when Henri Lefebvre writes, “Nothing disappears completely however; nor can what subsists be defined solely in terms of traces, memories or relics. In space, what came earlier continues to underpin what follows. The preconditions of social space have their own particular way of enduring and remaining actual within that space. Thus primary nature may persist, albeit in a completely acquired and false way, within ‘second nature’ – witness urban reality ” that I am minded Freud’s unconscious , but also of Antonio Damasio’s criticism of the possibilities of such an unconscious as well as theories of trauma and the body . I am also minded of Henry Louis Gates Jr’s discussion of the Nigerian god Esu , who’s representation filtered its way through the trafficking of slaves into Black American culture, and from there, not just modern contemporary African American literature, but contemporary urban music culture. Richard Bentall notes that one perspective on higher rates of diagnosis amongst the urban black population is the cultural divide between those diagnosing and those diagnosed . However that urban note aside, we have to deal with more than urban space with regards the symbolism of Esu and what it meant for narrative. Esu had two mouths, and whilst it had a spiritual meaning in the god’s native Nigeria, for slaves in America it represented hearing two dissonant voices. It is tempting to talk of dystonic and syntonic experiences here but that is to miss the point. Esu was a trickster and so there is a sense where both voices were dystonic, where the body of the slave was neither and/or both fully his own, his own body speaking, nor and/or his master’s, although the slave was his master’s property in the eyes of the legal system of the time. We can think here of Hegel’s famous Master-Slave dialectic , and to skip the preliminary class, the outshot of this dialectic is that it is the slave that becomes conscious through alienating him/herself into his/her product/labour, the Master fails to get the recognition he is seeking. Marx later uses this dialectic for the purposes of working class consciousness. But to return to Lefebvre and his argument with regards a false presentation of primary nature within ‘second’ nature, which is a basic Marxist argument for mediation, we immediately have presented to us with the psychotic, a person in the centre of a hegemonic space. If we entertain for a moment the arguments of R.D. Laing and Gregory Bateson with regards authoritarian dynamics and the two voices of the double bind, and return to Lefebvre’s point that nothing disappears completely and what comes earlier continues to underpin what follows with regards trauma, we have both a trauma based AND a communicative AND a class based argument behind the experience of psychosis, where a social symbolic language is inscribed on the body of the psychotic, much like Kafka’s machine in the Penal Colony , but one that combines both a Laingian argument AND Bentall’s note that a paranoiac is someone treated as a ‘bad me’ by a ‘poor me’ (whether as internal thoughts driven by memory through trauma or relations with others (singular or groups) who are eluding their own mental health issues (and one can think of the exploitative nature of Milton Friedman’s externalities here , and moreover think of the relation of the German translation of externality to Marx’s writings on alienation )). In the book Madness Contested , David Pilgrim and Floris Tomasini discuss reasonableness, the ability to pass in society with regards the skills in what Goffmann called the Presentation of Self in Everyday Life . Pilgrim notes that there is a case for ‘collective reasonableness’ and it is here that social movements are formed. But Pilgrim’s like Goffmann’s argument was one of the workplace, one of institutions and accepted language and norms in these areas. These social spaces as Lefebvre observes have their own unconscious undercurrent, and especially in the lumpen-proletariat undercurrents have undertows. When pulled under the waves (the mythology of the electronic band Drexciya, or for that matter Charles Kingsley’s Water Babies) it is handy to know the language of Sooty and Sweep, the Lords of Misrule. We can think of this with respect to Mackenzie Wark’s low theory “I am interested in low theory, which comprise those somewhat rarer moments when, coming out of everyday life, you get a certain milieu that can think itself. It happens when there is a mixing of the classes (another thing higher education doesn’t do). It happens in certain spaces that we used to call bohemia. Low theory is the attempt to think everyday life within practices created in and of and for everyday life, using or misusing high theory to other ends. It happens in collaborative practices that invent their own economies of knowledge.” In an ImROC newsletter Professor Geoffrey Shepherd stated that a consensus was required for the word ‘recovery’. He also referred to Lewis Carroll in order to explain his argument, Humpty Dumpty’s discussion on ‘words’ with Alice in Through The Looking Glass: “When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less. But the question is,” said Alice, “whether you can make words mean so many different things. “The question is,” said Humpty Dumpty, “which is to be master— that’s all. ” Shepherd is, in using this quote, referring to what the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan called a Master Signifier, he wants it to serve for all the discursive signified of ‘recovery’, (and we can only assume by implication that he hopes ImROC will supply it). But what if rather than needing a Master Signifier, recovery has up to now been a black box to support a particular paradigm in a certain competition amongst social movements or paradigms (as Nick Crossley describes such competition ). Gregory Bateson describes a Black Box as something that is an explanatory principle that scientists decide to stop at . In this case recovery has been a convenient truth, a convenient signifier, for several competing paradigms. The word itself amongst these paradigms has a history that goes back to Tuke and Pinel, it didn’t start with the disagreement over the possibilities of recovery from Dementia Praecox between Kraeplin and Bleuler. However, what if, like in the 1980 film ‘Airplane!’, when someone says, ‘the shit is going to hit the fan’, the trope sort of plays itself out. The plane crashes this time, due to some combination of a return of the trauma model, neuroscience and austerity, and one doesn’t have to invoke Trostky’s definition of a crisis of capital to know that under austerity this black box now needs unpacking after the crash. rather than being turned into a hegemonic Master Signifier that whitewashes the class issues and economic effects of austerity out. Shepherd, later in the same newsletter, discusses Anti-Recovery . I want to be clear here ‘unrecovery’ is something quite different to anti-recovery. ImROC will never be able to supply unrecovery as a commodified recovery techne, as it is born (as Henry Louis Gates Jr shows in his discussion of the history of Black-American Literature, and its relation to the history of slave narratives ) of the speech of Chakravorty Spivak’s subaltern , of the vernacular, of the struggle of the precariat, the working class, marginalised identities, it is a pedagogy of the oppressed , of the wretched of the earth … of the mad. However, I must briefly address Shepherd’s criticism of anti-recovery and then move on. Shepherd argues that [A reduction in services] was done initially to address the profligacy and corruption of international bankers. More recently, this rationale has been dropped and government has made it clear that it is simply part of a longer-term policy to reduce public expenditure (and by implication to increase expenditure on private providers) .” Which seems shocking. In fact to confuse a deliberate neo-conservative but radical rewrite of economic policy that shook up the previous Keynesian complacency (in the face of increasing inequality cf. Thomas Piketty ), that attempted to blame a deficit (that given the bank bail-out was reasonably moderate and furthermore was being paid off by the Labour government prior to the crisis) on overspending in services and suggest for the first time, since at least WWII if not earlier, that getting the private sector to pick up the slack instead in a recession when market confidence was low whilst cutting services was a good idea, when said private domestic sector in such a market would have to rely on risk-taking by said financial sector (that was to blame) was instead “to address the profligacy and corruption of international bankers” is an economic illiteracy bordering on Liam Byrne’s handwritten satirical joke “There’s no money left”. In fact by 2013 Wren-Lewis points out, a Financial Times survey had found that less than 20% of economists still thought that austerity was necessary , and 4 years later in 2017 the same paper, the Financial Times , showed that the UK was the only Western economy that had increased its GDP whilst simultaneously lowering levels of the average wage, nearly all the other countries had, with less austere policies increased both their GDP and average wage, yet Shepherd claims that UK austerity policies were to “address the profligacy and corruption of international bankers’ rather than lower the average wage to make the country competitive? Something Jeremy Hunt had suggested at a Tory party conference in 2015, competitive on wages with the USA, India and China no less . And this happening at a time when there was a media attack on the welfare state and arguments about ‘benefit dependency’. Shepherd goes on to state that “[his] own suspicion is that those who criticise supporting recovery as opening the way for service reductions are actually expressing their broader – and very correct – concerns about the policies of austerity and their effects on public services… but it is important not to get the two mixed up. It is like blaming shortages of school or hospital places on EU immigration.” I would argue that this is a false analogy. What he labels as ‘anti-recovery’ is closer to an attempt to acknowledge that, since the imposition of tighter cost-aware policies under austerity, the type and form of recovery techniques have narrowed as a direct consequence of these policies. That as a paradigm the ‘competitive success’ gauged towards ‘private business’ (as he states himself) and therefore the concurrent requisite profit maximisation has left us with more coercive recovery practices than we had 15 years ago when the contemporary paradigm of recovery that he supports started to make inroads against the bio-medical model. It is closer to acknowledging that part of the much-mooted self-reflective practice of recovery practitioners should (but has failed to) include a critique of the forces (both economic and policy – having government advisory contracts doesn’t help here) that have changed the meaning of recovery that he is alluding to, so in this sense it is a left-wing critique of class relations to the means of production and its effect on the knowledge base quite the opposite of right wing immigration-baiting in order to mask these effects. So, unfortunately, when he quotes Lewis Carroll in his opening paragraph and calls for a master signifier; a master signifier that is tied up (as language always is) in the contemporary economic hegemony which thus has a hand in dictating that master meaning of recovery such a discursive meaning (and bear in mind Lacan said reality was discursive ) requires the very criticism Shepherd bemoans in the newsletter without such criticism austerity would therefore define recovery even more. “That’s the best thing,” he thought, “I’d better try a different approach. This is what I’ll do – I’ll just be an outside observer, and nothing more. I’m an onlooker, an outsider, that’s all I’ll say. And whatever happens it won’t be me who’s to blame. That’s it. That’s how it will be now.” And our hero did indeed do that as he had decided and went back the more readily for having, thanks to a happy thought, become an outsider. “It’s the best thing. You’re not responsible for anything, and you’ll see what you should.” This article looks at unrecovery. Unrecovery is a general idea thought up in online discussions amongst the Recovery In The Bin (RitB) collective, a mental health activist group that was formed in response to concerns about mental health policy governance under first the coalition government in the UK from 2010-2015, and then under the Conservative government from 2015 to the present. Part of the claim of RitB is that the economic policy of austerity makes it harder to recover, and this is a direct consequence of the cost cutting, the narrowing of services available and the concurrent increase in NHS and outsourced private companies involved in recovery being required to reach outcome measures for auditing purposes as a response to austerity policy that as a consequence result in a move from guideline based best practice to more narrowly defined protocol to reach these outcomes that narrow the type of service ‘purchased’ or supplied by the NHS, whether it be CBT, Mindfulness, WRAP groups, peer services (that has also lost service users the parity of pay (argued for by Perkins and Repper ) due to the wage suppression that is part and parcel of service competition for contracts as well as the stagnation of wages that comes with austerity). We do not deny that people can and have recovered. The focus is on the social and economic factors that have affected not only the individual’s personal ability to recover through individual effort, but the social, economic and class factors that makes such recovery easier or harder, whilst identifying, in these times of austerity, a greater emphasis on individual effort thus creating a more punitive milieu for those struggling, especially when combined with the cuts to services that have previously supported these supposedly individual efforts. Many in RitB fully acknowledge that such pressures can exacerbate mental health issues. An acknowledgment that finds itself in opposition to the professed belief in bootstraps recovery that is analogous to the belief justifying Conservative benefit cuts that are premised on the idea that these cuts ‘help’ people on these benefits ‘into work’. As part of this ideology we have the belief in ‘benefit dependency’. An idea that is promoted both in the media and public service workplace despite situations in regions where the benefit Universal Credit is being piloted meaning that low paid workers for the DWP (who are also on Universal credit but in full time work) are being asked to push certain policies, including sanctions, that are premised on this idea that benefits create dependency. Many of the other members of the collective have already been discussing these arguments in length at conferences around the country and in articles over the last 3 years that RitB has been organising. I would like instead to focus on the practice of unrecovery, or at least an argument for a possible perspective of what it is, or could be. Part of this argument is premised on the idea that nobody WANTS to be ill. The idea that ‘recovery is a choice’ is a contradiction. Everybody is always already, every day, working to recovery. Recovering in a sense is a necessity, an aspect of self-preservation therefore it is not a choice. Being ill is crap. When people remain ill for long periods then there really is something wrong. But that something wrong has causes that might, and often does, include the social, structural, communicative, linguistic, ideological and economic factors, not just some individual psychological-behavioural or genetic/biological issue, or for that matter merely a failure to address past trauma. As such, much like ‘unbirthdays’ in Alice In Wonderland, every day that is not conforming to a Tory normalising agenda is an ‘unrecovery’ day. To put the idea that recovery is not just a ‘personal journey’ but a social and political journey back on the agenda in a world of austerity-driven recovery outcome measures, we now have ‘unrecovery’. Happy unrecovery day to you This chapter is an attempt to write a navigation of the linguistic terrain that a subject defined as psychotic, by a mode of diagnosis used by the state as sovereign, may find him/herself in, from an academic-participant perspective. As such it will be first written apophenically (as a ‘psychotic’, writing in a stream of consciousness like Virginia Woolf or James Joyce, or speaking for and of oneself in a Freudian clinic) and then in the sense that Ernest Hemmingway, supposedly commenting on his own writing style, claimed that he “wrote when drunk, edited whilst sober”, having written, I shall then edit the text down and try to untangle, in to academically digestible parts, such an experience (following on from an attempt to do so in an article I wrote for Asylum magazine in 2012 ) but rather than try to analyse the narrative in a purely Freudian or analytical, sense, I shall try to explain it with reference modern social theory. Gregory Bateson argues that induction is all very well, it is deduction based on a knowledge of applicable theories that improves a scientific argument . This social theory shall be the frame to my Jackson Pollock’s logorrhoea, in Heideggerian terms, it unveils the enframing, Das Gestell, of the writing and in doing so I look for possible ways that an emancipatory practice can be thought, spoken or written into being, the limits of language and the possibilities of an embodied manumission that does not rest on alienated selves, at least not ideal selves, and their relationship to the Other, one that does not take the form of an unquestioning, uncritical, radical acceptance of the status quo. Thus, there is a morphogenetic non-Aristotlean (or non-Platonic) practice involved here. In making the apophenic narrative more digestible I shall be using ideas of agency and space, language and thought. Within the realm of these ideas of agency I shall be exploring the possibilities of action for the psychotic i.e. ideas known in contemporary language as ‘choice’ – their possibilities, limits and the ideological use of the term. It shall be implied that as a narrative arc of a UK based psychotic, the chapter’s locus will be one that is takes place within the architecture of the UK NHS and welfare system, and the relation to it in everyday life that is often a part of the ‘psychotic’ experience. I shall also be exploring the quadratic relation between NHS, market, work and alternative possibilities available to the autonomous subject looking at some current ideas of subjectivation: I will be employing the theorists Erving Goffman, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari and Henri Lefebvre to look at the space of this terrain. Goffman for the dramaturgical relation, Foucault for the forms of governance involved, Deleuze for the multiplicities involved in these relations, Guattari for the transversality, and Lefebvre to look at the spatial aspects of this agency and terrain. I shall also be looking at the ideological forms that are formed in this contested terrain, for this endeavour I will be using Max Weber, Jürgen Habermas, Axel Honneth, Nick Crossley, as well as a Sigmund Freud, Wilfrid Bion, Ronald Laing and Jacques Lacan and again Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. I will be reflecting on constructs (or phantasms) using ideas such as Ronald Laing’s authoritarian nexus and Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblages. With reference to ideas of the body, whilst navigating this terrain, I will also be referring to the cognitive work of neuroscientists such as Antonio Damasio and Daniel Freeman, the work on memory of Charles Fernyhough, as well as contemporary theories of embodiment, and from here I shall attempt a criticism of the relation of such a body to the NHS system via its use of applied techniques such as CBT, DBT, Recovery Stars and other audited outcome measure based tools referring to the proliferation and homogenisation of such tools within the NHS under neoliberalism. And finally, to avoid a nihilist critique I will look at possibilities of creating future action and practices that lead to more autonomous and self-determining ways of living. The title refers both to the term ‘unrecovery’ developed by the mental health activist collective Recovery In The Bin and to a book by the author Rebecca Solnit called ‘The Field Guide to Getting Lost ’, with a hint towards Michel Foucault’s conception of Life as Art . As this proposal uses a variety of critical and reflective theoretical positions, this chapter will be a preliminary sketch for further detailed studies. In the sense that Deleuze & Guattari talk about the arc and the circle, the arc never quite reaching the circle (kind of ‘edging’ in the S&M world), I would say a schizophrenic line of flight is more a tangent of the surface of the BwO. In the sense that Wittgenstein uses his ‘beetles’ to explain the difficulty of labelling emotions (I think Artaud means something deeper here, the base ganglia of the brain that is ultimately linked to speech and language does after all work with all organs in the physiology) then the ‘psychobabble’ of the ‘schizophrenic’ that RD Laing describes as a ‘word salad’, is akin, if one wishes to think of such a Batesonian dynamic and take the word ‘akin’ literally, to escaping unpleasure. A skill useful to interpret word salad is to see them as waking dreams but as sleeping dreams are understood in Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams where the line of flight stems from escaping the censoring apparatus. The idea that being delusional is a problem seems suspect to me, in the ’70s in the UK the Mental Patients Union released a pamphlet with a fish on the hook on the cover. It symbolised mental illness as the ‘struggle to get off the hook’. Think of the illocutionary manipulative language of say converting evangelist Christians or salesmen or women using NLP, think those courses for misogynist blokes on how to ‘pull more women’; and then imagine the schizophrenic’s memories that like a veteran suffering PTSD from one to many firefights flees the emotions associated with trigger words, lines of flight rather than the aphasic returns of a masochist returning to the abusive partner. Think of the language of the sexually repressed family trying to create new capitalist work subjectivities, the language brought home from work, applied to the children, the difference between disciplinarian societies and control societies. Realise that figures suggest that 65% of people diagnosed with psychosis have a history of CSA or CPA (child sexual or physical abuse) and the inability and lack of support families have in dealing with such trauma, rather than blaming them (esp. when clearly not the perpetrators). But read about antilanguage as well as psychoanalytic interpretations of word salads, as they CAN be broken down and made sense of, think of Carry On films or Hip hop after reading Henry Louis Gates Junior’s signifying Monkey, skat like a jazz singer, read Lefebvre’s Production of Space and think of the archaeology of one’s own knowledge base and learn to surf the signifiers of the linguistic architecture. Think of whether we can elude control? Think the deliberate obfuscation of Deleuze and Guattari. Think Sokal and nonsense, then think of Lewis (or Peter) Carroll. This is a skill to be mastered, an embodied one at that. Yes, the artist does it more productively, but then we have the autonomist’s refusal of work, what is a greater refusal of work than the schizophrenic refusing to do the abusive Master’s work and making sense. This is where mental health recovery is a form of biopower, it isn’t that we don’t want schizophrenics to discover more joy.. we do! we do!, it is just that the normalisation game is a game of capture. But the idea that the artist and all the art theory questions of whether art is complicit in capitalist exploitation and may never gain full communism, so ‘edging’ will never make the full Deleuze and Guattari schizophrenic, one needs to know the feeling of rolling the car on the bend. And then make that sensation an art of life. In Finding Nemo, the fish get caught by a dragnet, the cod have what Nietzsche called a herd mentality, perhaps more a swarm. They escape as Nemo learnt that they need to keep on swimming down.. Knossos is often acknowledged as the labyrinth, rather than the myth seeing it as somewhere within the first city (Lefebvre again). Daedalus gave two bits of advice to Theseus, one don’t do what you are told. Two to find the minotaur keep going down. Of course he needed the narrative thread to return. That said the Minotaur did like eating his virgins. With regards not just Deleuze and Guattari and the BwO, but Foucault too, especially with respect to biopolitics, it is worth noting that a lot of modern trauma research centres trauma in the body. Neuroscience prioritizes the emotions before cognition and language after that. This is why Lacan makes at least some sense with the symbolic being Law. But here also alongside Wittgenstein’s unknowable or incomparable beetles one has the frustration of Lacan’s Mathemes (we can also think of frustration leading to thought with Bion and his negative K – or partial object theory of Klein that influenced D&G). We then get word salad lines of flight, D&G’s point was to use this embodied tendency for intentional practice. With regards dissociative states and D&G lines of flight there is a sense that these lead to Laingian ‘word salads’ as the body, rather than the ‘will’ (worth thinking of the bodywork of Moshe Feldenkrais here), tries to work out these unspeakable, unutterable feelings. In this sense narrative is seen as highly important in mental health recovery studies. But with respect to that we do have the problem of normalisation and agency with regards the relation to the means of production within that subaltern right to speak. or even fight to speak, as oneself, selves. If one wants to see schizophrenia as a biomedical thing, one will NOT get D&G, because of Guattari and his work at La Borde clinic, rather than anything Deleuze said.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Sea levels could rise by as much as two metres by 2100 in a worst-case scenario involving melting ice caps and high CO2 emissions, a new study suggests. The research released earlier this week points to a possible impact considerably higher than estimates made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2014 that suggested a one-metre rise in sea levels by the end of the century . "Sea level rise numbers are in flux, and they've generally been trending upwards since the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC because we've been learning more about the potential modes of instability in the Antarctic ice sheets in particular," said Robert Kopp, co-author of the study and a professor at the department of Earth and planetary sciences at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J. One of the most difficult things to forecast in this changing climate is the estimates of sea level rise. There are various contributors to rising seas, including thermal expansion (oceans will expand and become less dense as they warm) and melting ice caps and glaciers. How fast those glaciers and ice caps melt is a big unknown. Recent studies have suggested that the West Antarctic is losing far more ice than ever before . But scientists are beginning to gain additional knowledge. Melting ice caps and glaciers play a major role in forecasting future sea level rise, researchers say. (Ian Joughin/Associated Press) The new study , published on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, used a method called structured expert judgment (SEJ), where scientists make predictions based on their research and knowledge of what is happening in Greenland and Antarctica. While the IPCC report focused on what is likely to happen, ranging from 17 to 83 per cent probabilities, this study took a broader approach, covering probabilities of five to 95 per cent. For a 2 C warming scenario, the researchers found that sea levels could rise by 26 centimetres by 2100, with a worst-case scenario of 81 centimetres. However, for 5 C of warming, the impact could be 51 centimetres, and up to 178 centimetres in a worst-case scenario. Once melting glaciers and thermal expansion are factored in, that worst-case scenario jumps to two metres by 2100. There is a five per cent chance that by 2200 that number could rise to approximately 7.5 metres. "The message is as we learn more about it, these changes in sea level could be more severe than first thought and even if not likely, there are some catastrophic scenarios that could occur," said Paul Myers, an associate professor at the University of Alberta's Earth and atmospheric sciences department, who was not involved in the study. Chances of that happening are low, he said, but people need to plan just in case. Myers compares it to the potential of an asteroid strike. While the chances of an asteroid capable of an extinction-level event such as the one that wiped out the dinosaurs occurs on average once every million years , astronomers are still searching the skies for them and ones that are somewhat smaller. "[Astronomers] are talking about probabilities of well under one per cent — point one per cent or less — and they're still planning for it because if it ever were to happen, it would be catastrophic. Here we're talking about five per cent." Threatening populations The difference from the last IPCC report is in the accumulation of knowledge. Myers wasn't surprised by the latest numbers. "We've learned a lot over the past five or six years since the last IPCC assessment. There's a lot more data collected. We're learning a lot more about the processes that affect glaciers, especially Greenland and the Antarctic, but also, say, the Canadian Arctic." With rising sea levels comes the likely displacement of people around the globe. "Even with stringent emissions reductions, there's still going to be a substantial sea level rise, and we need to think about how to manage that in terms of both protection and, in some cases, expecting people to move," Kopp said. If sea levels were to rise above the two-metre mark, Kopp said, it would flood areas that are home to 240 million people, including places in China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. And North America doesn't get off scot-free: cities like Miami and New Orleans would be affected as well. New York and the mid-Atlantic would see an increase in the frequency of flooding. Flooding caused by high ocean tides affected low-lying parts of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Marshall Islands, on Feb. 20, 2011. Most of the islands are less than two metres above sea level and many Marshallese have migrated to other countries because of rising sea levels. (GIFF JOHNSON/AFP/Getty Images) Myers said it's not just rising sea levels that threaten populations. "Storm surges, waves, extreme events are all going to be on top of that. So people who are worried about coastal flooding are going to have to deal with that change and then all the things that can drive sea level above there." But rising sea levels don't mean we're doomed, Kopp said. What is important is taking action to prevent that worst-case scenario. "Sea level is a slow-moving process. Unfortunately, emissions reductions that we take now — we don't get to see the benefits of them in terms of sea level rise as opposed to things like heat extremes for several more decades," he said. "Nonetheless, those benefits come, and whether or not we're in the 2 C world or 5 C world depends on the choices we make now."	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
El Santuario de Chimayo El Santuario de Chimayó is a Roman Catholic church in Chimayó, New Mexico, United States. (Santuario is Spanish for "sanctuary".) This shrine, a National Historic Landmark, is famous for the story of its founding and as a contemporary pilgrimage site. It receives almost 300,000 visitors per year and has been called "no doubt the most important Catholic pilgrimage center in the United States." Description The Santuario is on Juan Medina Drive in Chimayó. It is entered through a walled courtyard. Built of adobe with a bell tower on each side, the church is long and wide with walls more than 3 feet (about 1 m) thick. Pointed caps on the towers and a metal pitched roof (blocking the clerestory) were added after 1917, probably in the 1920s. The "elegant" doors were carved by the 19th-century carpenter Pedro Domínguez. An unusual feature is two side-by-side rooms at the entrance forming a vestibule or narthex, once used for storage. The nave contains a crucifix representing Christ of Esquipulas, tall. Other notable folk-art decorations include five reredoses and a small sculpture of St. James the Great. A small room called el pocito (the little well) contains a round pit, the source of "holy dirt" (tierra bendita) that is believed to have healing powers. An adjacent Prayer Room displays many ex-votos as well as photographs, discarded crutches, and other testimonials of those purportedly healed. History In the early 19th Century, nineteen families lived in what was then called El Potrero de Chimayó (potrero means pasture). The land where the Santuario now stands belonged to Don Bernardo Abeyta, one of the first members of Los Hermanos de la Fraternidad Piadosa de Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno (the Penitentes) in the area. Also, he was probably devoted to the Christ of Esquipulas, a pilgrimage site in Guatemala where the clay is ascribed healing power. A nephew of Don Bernardo was christened Juan de Esquipulas in 1805. Bernardo Abeyta built a small chapel to the Christ of Esquipulas on the present site around 1810. On November 15, 1813, he wrote to Father Sebastián Álvarez, the parish priest of Santa Cruz de la Cañada, asking him to write to the Episcopal See of Durango for permission to build a bigger church in which the people of El Potrero could worship Jesus as he appeared at Esquipulas and could hear Mass. The next day, Fr. Álvarez wrote the letter, mentioning that cures were reported and many pilgrims were arriving. On February 8, 1814, Francisco Fernández Valentín, Vicar General of the Diocese of Durango, wrote back with permission. By 1816 the chapel was replaced by the present church. Abeyta's daughter, Carmen Abeyta de Chaves, inherited the property and kept it despite an attempt to force her to give it to the Church; a major source of her income was donations from pilgrims. Her daughter, María de los Ángeles Chaves, inherited it in turn and was the owner as of 1915. In 1929, when the owners were in financial trouble, members of the newly formed Spanish Colonial Arts Society bought the property and donated it to the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. El Santuario de Chimayó was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970. Current observances Each year some 300,000 people from all over the world make pilgrimages to the Santuario de Chimayó during Holy Week, especially on Holy Thursday and Good Friday, some seeking blessings and some in fulfillment of a vow. Walking is traditional; some pilgrims walk from as far away as Albuquerque, about 90 miles (150 km). Many visitors to the church take a small amount of the "holy dirt", often in hopes of a miraculous cure for themselves or someone who could not make the trip. Formerly, at least, they often ate the dirt. (Likewise pilgrims to the original shrine of Esquipulas eat the supposedly curative clay found there.) Now seekers of cures more commonly rub themselves with the dirt or simply keep it. The Church replaces the dirt in the pocito from the nearby hillsides, sometimes more than once a day, for a total of about 25 or 30 tons a year. The Church takes no position on whether miracles have occurred at the Santuario. The feast of Our Lord of Esquipulas is celebrated on January 15 or on the Sunday nearest that date. The feast of St. James the Great (Santiago) is celebrated on the fourth weekend of July. Legends Some say that before the Spaniards arrived, a hot spring that then flowed near the site was sacred to the Tewa Indians for its healing powers. One version of the legend says that during Holy Week, Abeyta (or a friar) saw a light shining from the hillside and dug the crucifix up with his bare hands. He turned it over to Fr. Álvarez, who took it to the Santa Cruz church, but the crucifix mysteriously returned to the spot where Abeyta found it. After the third time this happened, Álvarez and Abeyta decided to build a chapel on the spot to house the crucifix. Another version says Abeyta was watching his sheep and contemplating his blessings, though he was sick, when a vision of his patron saint, San Esquipula [sic], beckoned to him. He went to the place where the saint had appeared and knelt; he was cured immediately. Other people also were cured there, and Abeyta built the chapel in thanks. A third version says that the crucifix had belonged to a priest from Esquipulas who accompanied the first Spanish settlers in Chimayó. He was killed by Indians and buried in Chimayó. A flood of the Santa Cruz River (a small tributary of the Rio Grande) in the spring of 1810 uncovered the body and the crucifix. People who remembered the priest dedicated the shrine to the Christ of Esquipulas. Skeptical reception In 2013, skeptical investigator Joe Nickell wrote that "claims made for holy dirt at Chimayó are unwarranted. Despite borrowed and contrived legends that the site is miraculous, the soil is actually an ordinary variety trucked in from elsewhere and merely blessed." Researcher Benjamin Radford reported finding little evidence to corroborate claims of miraculous cures in his 2014 book Mysterious New Mexico. Gallery Pilgrimage, Good Friday, March 21, 2008 See also Top eight Catholic pilgrimage destinations in the US Cristos Negros of Central America and Mexico National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Fe County, New Mexico List of National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico References Further reading Hendrickson, Brett. The Healing Power of the Santuario de Chimayó: America's Miraculous Church. NYU Press, 2017 External links Photographs of the church and sights of Chimayó Photograph of the crucifix Page on the pocito with photographs Category:Churches in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Category:Catholic pilgrimage sites Category:Roman Catholic chapels in the United States Category:History of Santa Fe County, New Mexico Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1816 Category:National Historic Landmarks in New Mexico Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico Category:19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings Category:Roman Catholic churches in New Mexico Chimayo Santuario Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in New Mexico Category:Northern Rio Grande National Heritage Area Category:New Spain Category:Colonial New Mexico Category:Spanish Colonial architecture in New Mexico Category:1816 establishments in New Spain Category:National Register of Historic Places in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Category:Adobe churches in New Mexico	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
Q: How do I remove a wiffle ball from a pool vacuum pipe? A wiffle ball with a wad of string attached to it is stuck in the skimmer vacuum pipe of the pool at my Dad's place... It is not completely clogged, but flow is restricted. At a guess, the ball traveled about 15' underground (from the skimmer drain inlet towards the pump/furnace) before stopping. We're assuming the ball is stuck at a joint coupling two different sized pipes together. The above-ground pipes near the pump are galvanized metal, but the pipe at the skimmer drain side is PVC. Things we've tried: The pool company folks weren't able to help. It's not possible to get a drain auger head through due to a couple of right-angles An air compressor didn't help Reversing the pump also didn't have any effect Any suggestions on what else we can try? A: You are going to need to "pig" the line. You will need to insert something very slightly smaller than the pipe diameter (so it doesn't get stuck!) into the pump side of the pipe (i.e. where the whiffle ball wants to go "to") a tennis ball or racquet ball might work, so might just some crumpled up news paper. Seal your pig into the pipe and rig up a fitting for the air compressor hose. Turn on the air compressor and your pig will travel to the blockage and then proceed to push it backwards out of the pipe. You will probably spend $25-$50 USD on the fittings and such (depending on what you already own) but it is far cheaper than digging up the pipe and cutting it out.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
After a bus incident in Stratford, police are encouraging drivers to familiarize themselves with the rules of the road. STRATFORD - Stratford Police have charged a driver who failed to stop for a school bus this morning. Police say the school bus was stopped and picking up kids when the driver tried to pass. Nobody was injured and police issued a $490 fine. Both the driver and/or the owner of the vehicle can be charged for the above offences-HTA section 175(19) and HTA 175(20). The fines associated with the offences total $490.00 and 6 demerit points. Bus companies are also reminding drivers that buses with the strobe light activated on the top of the bus are actively picking up or dropping off students and will be making frequent stops.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-20T13:25:46Z', 'url': 'http://www.heartfm.ca/news/local-news/charges-laid-after-stratford-bus-incident/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Mustaniemi: Finland This page presents the geographical name data for Mustaniemi in Finland, as supplied by the US military intelligence in electronic format, including the geographic coordinates and place name in various forms, latin, roman and native characters, and its location in its respective country's administrative division. Full Name (see definition): Mustaniemi Primary Country Code (see definition): FI (Finland) First-order administrative division code (see definition): 08 (Oulu Lääni ) Region Font Code (see definition): 1 (Americas/Western Europe) Latitude in decimal degrees (see definition): 65.9 Military Grid Reference System coordinates (see definition): 35WPP0553810712 Joint Operations Graphic reference (see definition): NQ35-10 Feature Classification (see definition): S (Spot type feature) Feature Designation Code (see definition): HSE (house(s)) A form of the full name that allows for alphabetical sorting of the file into gazetteer sequence (see definition): MUSTANIEMI Full Name with QWERTY characters (see definition): Mustaniemi NOTE: The information regarding Mustaniemi in Finland on this page is published from the data supplied by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, a member of the Intelligence community of the United States of America, and a Department of Defense (DoD) Combat Support Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Mustaniemi information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Mustaniemi should be addressed to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-1981112&fid=1761&c=finland Finland names alphabetically Mustaniemi	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.5206292867660522, 'wiki_prob': 0.47937071323394775, 'source': 'cc/2019-30/en_middle_0076.json.gz/line193705'}
China is planning to launch its own oil benchmark in October, similar to Brent and WTI, striving for a more important role in establishing crude prices. Unlike the Western benchmarks, the Chinese contracts will be nominated in the yuan, not the US dollar. Shanghai International Energy Exchange sent a draft futures contract to market players in August, Reuters reported quoting sources. Oil futures will be the first Chinese contract to permit direct participation of foreign investors. However, this is not the first step for greater oil market openness in China. In July, Beijing allowed private companies to import crude. Previously importing was only done by state-run majors such as Sinopec, China National Petroleum Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation, the Xinhua news agency reported. #China ditches US dollar, approves usage of ruble in border city http://t.co/EG8ehJn0flpic.twitter.com/tx70Cv0bY0 — RT (@RT_com) 10 августа 2015 A Shanghai-based contract will compete in the crude futures market, which is worth of trillions of dollars and is dominated by two contracts, London's Brent, seen as the global benchmark, and WTI, the key U.S. price. North Sea, Brent oil was first developed in the 1970s. The ICE Brent futures contract was developed in 1988. With an approximate output of only 1 million barrels per day, this blend is considered a benchmark and its contracts are now used to set prices for roughly 2/3 of the world's oil. China is one of the world's largest oil buyers. Nearly 60 percent of its oil consumption comes from imports. LISTEN MORE:	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Fabric For Upholstery – This good photo collections about Fabric For Upholstery is accessible to download. We obtain this fabulous image from internet and select the best for you. Fabric For Upholstery images and photos selection that posted here was carefully chosen and published by moe after selecting the ones which are perfect among the others. Did you know that Fabric For Upholstery has become the trend popular topics in this category? This is exactly why we are showing this topic at this time. We took this image collection from the web that we feel would be probably the most representative pictures for Fabric For Upholstery. Many thanks for stopping by here, Here is a terrific images for Fabric For Upholstery. We have been looking for this images via internet and it came from qualified source. If you are searching for any unique fresh concept for your decoration ideas then this Fabric For Upholstery pictures must be on top of reference or you may use it for an alternative plan. Fabric For Upholstery is one of the images we found on the net from reputable sources. We decide to review this Fabric For Upholstery pictures in this post because according to information from Google search engine, It is one of the top rated queries keyword on the internet. And we also believe you arrived here were looking for these details, are not You? From many choices on the internet we are sure this images could be a best guide for you, and we sincerely hope you are delighted by what we present. This photos galleries has been added by moe at 2017-05-18 15:53:07 and tagged in Fabric For Upholstery field. And we also trust it can be the most well liked vote in google vote or event in facebook share. We hope you like it as we do. Please publish and share this Fabric For Upholstery image for your mates, family through google plus, facebook, twitter, instagram or another social media site. Fabric For Upholstery is one of raised niche at this time. We realize it from search engine data such as adwords or google trends. In an effort to give valuable info to our followers, we’ve attempted to find the nearest relevance pictures about Fabric For Upholstery. And here you will see now, this images have already been extracted from trustworthy source. Fabric For Upholstery is a awesome Complete Home Design Ideas Gallery. This Fabric For Upholstery was upload in hope that we can give you an ideas to Redesign your Home. This article can be your reference when you are confused to choose the right redesign for your home. This Fabric For Upholstery maybe your good option to decor, because having a home with our own design is everyone’s dream.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-20T19:15:42Z', 'url': 'http://www.bracknell-bees.org/fabric-for-upholstery-L196104/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Sunday, February 5, 2012 red velvet cookies – from scratch! When it comes to cookies I am a chewy cookie kinda guy. My dad would beg to differ, but the chewier the cookie the better it is…hands down. I found this recipe a while back for a red velvet cookie. I love me some red velvet cake so I knew I had to try it all out. The best part of this recipe: it’s all from scratch! These are definitely some amazing cookies, and everyone loves them…I mean EVERYONE! The difference I think is that the original recipe called for standard chocolate chips but it seemed that would be too much chocolate (due to the cocoa powder). I remember once my grandma made a red velvet cake and covered it with a white chocolate frosting instead of the super-rich cream cheese and it was the best I’ve ever had…better than Cheesecake Factory! So instead of the chocolate chips I decided to use white chocolate to add the same effect. I personally chose Ghirardelli white chocolate bars because come on...Ghirardelli makes some awesome chocolate! (I only chose the candy bars for the appearance of the chocolate chunks all broken up in the cookies, but you can you white chocolate chips if you'd like) Red Velvet Chocolate Chip Cookies (makes around 25 cookies) Electric mixer 1 stick salted butter 1/2 cup sugar 1/2 cup brown sugar 1 egg 1 teaspoon vanilla 1 1/2 cups all purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/3 cup cocoa powder 1 teaspoon pink food coloring 2 Ghirardelli white chocolate bars (crushed) Preheat oven to 375°F Cream butter and sugars together until fluffy in the bowl of an electric mixer. Add egg and vanilla and continue mixing until smooth. Beat in pink food coloring until well mixed. Stir in cocoa powder, flour, baking soda and salt until well combined, scraping down the sides when needed. Fold in the crushed white chocolate bars. Line the cookie sheets with parchment paper (you can use a greaser but I feel the cookies become too greasy). Using your hands, roll out balls of dough slightly smaller than a golf ball and set on baking sheet. Bake for 10-12 minutes or after cracks begin to form. Wait a minute or so before you let the cookies cool on wire racks and don't forget to enjoy! Welcome! Hopefully you have a sweet tooth as big as I do...and if not, you're teeth better look great! I'm certainly no wiz in the kitchen but I figure that shouldn't stop you from making some great things that make your friends and family love. Join me as I make something every week and show you what I did with simple words and fun pictures along the way!	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
namespace CarsSystem.ConsoleClient.Factory { using System; using System.Linq; using CarsSystem.Data; public class CarsDbFactory { public CarsDbContext Create() { return new CarsDbContext(); } } }	{'content_hash': 'ef20fb03a53c99a59fcf1c1d7f5d9bd3', 'timestamp': '', 'source': 'github', 'line_count': 14, 'max_line_length': 43, 'avg_line_length': 18.428571428571427, 'alnum_prop': 0.6007751937984496, 'repo_name': 'Malkovski/Telerik', 'id': 'edd181f1ceb8dedddaa04ea0cc10a6e5a3417503', 'size': '260', 'binary': False, 'copies': '1', 'ref': 'refs/heads/master', 'path': 'Databases/ExamPractice/CarsSystem/CarsSystem.ConsoleClient/Factory/CarsDbFactory.cs', 'mode': '33188', 'license': 'mit', 'language': [{'name': 'ASP', 'bytes': '317387'}, {'name': 'Batchfile', 'bytes': '74'}, {'name': 'C#', 'bytes': '2923148'}, {'name': 'CSS', 'bytes': '447114'}, {'name': 'CoffeeScript', 'bytes': '51'}, {'name': 'HTML', 'bytes': '679192'}, {'name': 'JavaScript', 'bytes': '6457999'}, {'name': 'Pascal', 'bytes': '803213'}, {'name': 'PowerShell', 'bytes': '1544022'}, {'name': 'Puppet', 'bytes': '19212'}, {'name': 'SQLPL', 'bytes': '623'}, {'name': 'Shell', 'bytes': '74'}, {'name': 'XSLT', 'bytes': '4159'}]}
A little history. Dd has had a runny nose with occasional cough for 2 weeks now. She often has a snotty nose and cough, but is never bothered by them, not even when there is a fever involved. She is usually still playful and happy. So thursday she was just very cranky and whiney. I was thinking that she teething again and didn't think too much of it. Friday she wakes up and is just not acting right. She won't get down and is whimpering and crying. Not really awake but not asleep. I think that maybe the cold has turned into a sinus infection or something like that, so I take her to the peds. She did a cbc and it was normal, so she said it is still probably viral, but wrote me a script of an antibiotic for just in case. She said if her drainage gets very thick green or she gets a fever to go ahead and fill it. So by friday afternoon, she spiked a fever of 103.6. I called just to be sure about starting the antibiotic and the ped said to go ahead and fill it. If it is viral it will run its course, if its bacteria she's covered, and since she has had this for awhile now with new onset of fever...we may have just got the cbc early and didn't see an increase in her wbc. So we started it, and as of tonight, she still has a fever and is still acting very ill. She just kind of whimpers and whines and wants me to hold her all the time. She raises her head up only occasionally. She did perk up a bit when her fever was down some, but when she got down, she was very unsteady and stumbled a lot. She walked like a drunk. So should I give the ped a call tomorrow if she is still acting so sick? I don't know what can be done...but I just worry that is acting so sick. It is definately more than a cold. I am not one to worry too much either about fevers and snot. She just isn't acting right. So would you guys call if it were you? i agree with pp, id take her in too and make them run more tests, i hope she feels better soon. dont give motrin neither, it lowers the platelettes in the body, give her tylenol if she gets a fever again Thanks guys, I have a call in right now. Just waitng to hear back. Thanks for tip on motrin, but I don't give her that anyway. She has some stomach issues and motrin can cause her some problems. But I have used it with my older dd though, and won't now.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Mount Barlow Mount Barlow is located on the Continental Divide along the border of Alberta and British Columbia at the southern edge of the Freshfield Icefield in Banff National Park. It was named in 1916 by D.B. Dowling after Dr. Alfred Ernest Barlow, a cartographer with the Geological Survey of Canada who perished in the 1914 Empress of Ireland disaster. See also List of peaks on the British Columbia-Alberta border Mountains of Alberta Mountains of British Columbia References Category:Mountains of Alberta Category:Mountains of British Columbia	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
Q: Using array reduce to reduce two properties of an array of objects I want to store all duplicates and unique values of suits and values of an array of Card objects. Each card has a suit and value property. The datastructure looks like this: cards = [ { suit: 'spades', value : 4 }, { suit: 'hearts', value : 4 }, { suit: 'spades', value : 11 }, { suit: 'spades', value : 12 } etc... ] I'm trying to use array.reduce to check and store duplicates and unique values and suits for both, but am having trouble structuring the code. Rules: 3-of-a-kind with different suits 4-card-run (with incrementing values) with same suits Basically... I need to check each card's value and suits... and count the duplicates and uniques of values and suits. I'm struggling passing in an array of objects and using reduce on it. Output: something like melds : { values: [4, 4, 4] suits: [spades, hearts, diamonds] }, runs : { values: [11, 12, 13], suits: ['spades', 'spades', 'spades'] } Code: function calculate(cards) { var my_array = cards.reduce(function(prev_array, curr, index, array){ if (prev_array.duplicates.values.indexOf(curr) !== -1 \|\| array.lastIndexOf(curr) !== index) { prev_array.duplicates.values.push(curr); } else { prev_array.uniques.values.push(curr); } if (prev_array.duplicates.suits.indexOf(curr) !== -1 \|\| array.lastIndexOf(curr) !== index) { prev_array.uniques.suits.push(curr); } else { prev_array.duplicates.suits.push(curr); } return prev_array; }, { duplicates : { values : [], suits : [] }, uniques : { values : [], suits : [] } } ); return my_array; } Edit: var values = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6]; var suits = ['spades', 'spades', 'spades', 'spades', 'diamonds', 'clubs', 'hearts']; var test_values = potentialRunsAndMelds(values); var test_suits = potentialRunsAndMelds(suits); function potentialRunsAndMelds(array) { var my_array = array.reduce(function(prev_array, curr, index, array){ if (prev_array.duplicates.indexOf(curr) !== -1 \|\| array.lastIndexOf(curr) !== index) { prev_array.duplicates.push(curr); } else { prev_array.uniques.push(curr); } return prev_array; }, { uniques : [], duplicates : [] } ); return my_array; } var values = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6]; var suits = ['spades', 'hearts', 'spades', 'spades', 'diamonds', 'clubs', 'spades']; EDIT 2: var runs = Object.keys(groups.suits).map(function (suit) { var values = groups.suits[suit].sort(); var run = []; for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { if (values[i+1] - values[i] === 1) { if (run.indexOf(values[i+1]) === -1) { run.push(values[i+1]); } if (run.indexOf(values[i]) === -1) { run.push(values[i]); } } } if (run.length >= 4) return run; }); Returns : [Array[4], undefined, undefined, undefined] Where Array[4] is [2, 3, 4, 5] How can I not return undefined? I suppose I can just do: runs = runs.filter(function (run) { return run.length; }); A: You might be trying to do too much in one reduce function; maybe try breaking this into steps? Anyway, having your reducer group by value and suit would simplify things. var groups = cards.reduce(function (accumulator, card) { // Group by value. accumulator.values[card.value] = accumulator.values[card.value] \|\| []; accumulator.values[card.value].push(card.suit); // Group by suit. accumulator.suits[card.suit] = accumulator.suits[card.suit] \|\| []; accumulator.suits[card.suit].push(card.value); return accumulator; }, {values: {}, suits: {}}); Once you've done that, it's much easier to find melds and runs. // Melds var meldValues = Object.keys(groups.values).filter(function (value) { // Check for duplicates in this array, if so inclined. return groups.values[value].length >= 3; }); // Runs var runs = Object.keys(groups.suits).map(function (suit) { var values = groups.suits[suit].sort(); // (1) iterate over values // (2) append each value to current 'run' as long as it's consecutive // (3) if not consecutive, start a new run. if duplicate, discard. // (4) return all runs with length >= 4 });	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
[Effects Of Prednisolone Injection On The Liver Of The Mouse Inoculated With The Adult Worms Of Clonorchis Sinensis Intraperitoneally] In order to understand the effect of prednisolone injection on the histopathological changes of the mouse liver and the chronological changes of the worm structure of Clonorchis sinensis, when this fluke was inoculated to the mouse intraperitoneally. The recovery rate, survival rate, location and size of the inoculated worms as well as the histopathological changes of the liver were investigated for the comparison among the groups of mice, which were classified by number of worms and the duration of observation period. The result obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The recovery rate and survival rate of the worms decreased especially 28 days after the inoculation. 2. Most of worms (45.5%) were collected from the peritoneal cavity, and some of worms were found tightly adherent to the capsules of the liver, spleen, intestine and diaphragm. 3. The mean worm size after inoculation was constantly smaller than that before inoculation. 4. Remarkable atrophy in the reproductive organs of the worm, such as spermatheca, testes, vitelline gland and ovary was frequently observed at the 10th day of inoculation. 5. Histopathologically the liver failed to show any parasitic worm inside the intrahepatic biliary system. However, multiple well formed egg-containing granulomas were present along the liver capsule. These necrotic granulomas were occasionally found under the fibrotic liver capsule. Focal necrosis and focal phlebitis together with vascular dilatation were prominent features of the liver. 6. The worms recovered in the capsule of the liver were degenerated and necrotized. Usually, there were remarkable capsulitis and granuloma formation around the eggs.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
Q: Get/set ServletRequest attributes from ActionContext I need to set a ServletRequest attribute within a Struts2 interceptor (not action class). Does the ActionContext expose a Map<String, Object> to control request attributes, like it does for session attributes? I see ActionContext implements a map... is the ActionContext itself a wrapper for the request attributes? A: For code that is not inside an action class (RequestAware should be used for action classes), Struts2 can expose the servlet request attributes as a Map. They are accessible with: Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request"); See Strus2 documentation for more details.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
The proposed project would include subdivision of the project site into 11 parcels to develop a total of seven warehouse buildings across the project site. The buildings would range in size from 47,460 square feet (sf) to 567,840 sf, totaling 2,249,544 sf. Development of the proposed project would take place across 150 acres of a 345-acre property. The remaining 195 acres of the property would remain undeveloped and would be maintained as Delta Recreation. The proposed project would include demolition of two existing structures. The proposed project would include parking and truck court areas. Circulation improvements would include widening at the entrance of Wilbur Ave and connected access to the entire project site. Two additional entrances would be constructed north and south of Wilbur Ave off of Bridgehead Rd.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-19T01:14:12Z', 'url': 'https://ceqanet.opr.ca.gov/2019029113', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
HELP: You are on Bridgestone Open scores page in Golf/Japan Golf Tour section. FlashScore.com offers Bridgestone Open leaderboard, final and partial results, tee times and player scorecards. Follow Bridgestone Open on this page or live golf scores of all ongoing golf tournaments at www.flashscore.com/golf/. Besides Bridgestone Open scores you can follow 5000+ competitions from 30+ sports around the world on FlashScore.com. Just click on the sport name in the top menu or country name on the left and select your competition. Bridgestone Open scores service is real-time, updating live.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-23T00:36:42Z', 'url': 'https://www.flashscore.com/golf/japan-golf-tour/bridgestone-open/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Sheshdeh Sheshdeh (, also Romanized as Shash Deh, Shesh Deh, and Shish Deh) is a city and capital of Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq District, in Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,572, in 1,283 families. References Category:Populated places in Fasa County Category:Cities in Fars Province	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
To prepare for the launch of ProQuest Ebook Central, we kicked off a series of blog posts with the librarians that helped shape the platform during our beta testing phase. Our first post was an interview with Kathleen Folger in which the Electronic Resources Officer told us about how the new platform supports her accessibility initiatives at University of Michigan Library. This week we had a chance to speak to two more of the librarians who provided insight during our ProQuest Ebook Central beta testing phase: Jeffrey Daniels, Head of Knowledge Access and Resource Management Services at Grand Valley State University Libraries, and Erin Crane, current E-Resources and Instruction Librarian at Germanna Community College and former Electronic Books Librarian at Jerry Falwell Library at Liberty University during the ProQuest Ebook Central beta testing phase. The Grand Valley State University Libraries’ goal is to enrich the educational mission of the university by advancing intellectual growth and discovery. Jeffrey and his fellow librarians focus on the acquisition, application, dissemination and preservation of knowledge to promote teaching, learning and active scholars. Germanna Community College Library aims to support the college curriculum, to meet the research and information needs of the college community, to promote information literacy and lifelong learning, to provide instruction in the use of library resources and also to encourage leisure reading and listening. In order to fulfill this mission, Erin and her fellow librarians need insight into the ways that their content is used so they’re sure to provide the resources that their researchers seek. Read on to learn how LibCentral’s reporting features will help both of these libraries achieve their user-focused missions and stay tuned for additional profiles of libraries that helped shape the new ProQuest Ebook Central platform. ProQuest (PQ): What obstacles do you face in proving ROI on your e-resources? Jeffrey Daniels, Grand Valley State University Libraries (JD): To put it simply, our biggest obstacle is one that many, if not all, libraries face: collecting data that is consistent across platforms. COUNTER has started to help with this, but there are still a lot of vendors out there that don’t supply COUNTER-compliant usage statistics and resources that don’t lend themselves to COUNTER compliance. The other problem is the scope of the data available. Our library provides researchers with access to such a large number of ebooks on multiple platforms. It’s a challenge to make sense of the scope of the numbers for those outside of the library who don’t understand the wealth of resources available. Erin Crane, Germanna Community College Library (EC): I agree. One of our biggest obstacles is collecting detailed, consistent data with the context to make it make sense to those outside of the library — actually, sometimes data that I pull from vendors makes it difficult for even the librarians to figure out what it’s showing! Timeliness of data is a major obstacle as well as many vendors provide data a month later and it’s less helpful than it could be, especially nowadays when you need information quickly. As far as consistency goes, I often run into the problem of not being able to easily export and manipulate cross-platform insights, especially as some vendors just provide HTML, some just provide PDF, some just provide a long Excel spreadsheet of numbers. As Jeffrey mentioned, COUNTER helps those with the trained librarian eye gain insight into what’s happening in our collections, but it’s helpful to have detailed info for more in-depth analysis when trying to prove return on investment and make the case for those outside of the library. PQ: Has any of the data that you've collected surprised you? Why or why not? JD: Specific to LibCentral, one thing that has surprised me since the ebrary and EBL merger under ProQuest is that there is a great amount of overlap between the EBL and ebrary catalogs. It’s to be expected as these have traditionally been competing products, but I’m excited to see that ProQuest Ebook Central will automatically address this duplication for me, removing the need for me to ensure that patrons are choosing the subscription option when we have it and the DDA record when we don’t. EC: Since the new reporting functionality provides deeper insights into how our collection is used, I was able to see usage trends that were previously not clear to me. For instance, our EBL history titles received the most page views — history is not a major class here at Germanna, though it is required for many students as they work towards their associate’s degrees. The new LibCentral reports gave me good cause to look into why this is as well as to see how the Library can further support these students. PQ: How will LibCentral help you assess ebook usage and expenditure? JD: We provide access to over a million ebooks through multiple sources, but our highest usage is seen with EBL and ebrary. To have them consolidated in one platform is game changing. We’re specifically looking forward to the reporting features, as they’ll allow us to do something that we’ve been wrestling with for a while now: weeding our electronic collection. We’re running into the problem of having multiple editions of the same title available. We have retrospective collections so filtering by year of publication doesn’t work, but we need to make it easier for our users to choose the most up-to-date title when it’s appropriate. Our library’s only option before LibCentral would have taken hours and hours of manual work and, honestly, just wasn’t feasible. LibCentral Title Reports make what used to be an unrealistic task a realistic goal. EC: As I mentioned earlier, we need detailed data in order to make the case for resource investments. LibCentral has that level of detail available in the reports. Actually, it might even have more detail than we need! I’m looking forward to being able to see not just which titles are used, but also how they were used and how long they were used. Looking through the reports I’m reminded of Michael Levine-Clark’s “E-Book Usage on a Global Scale: Patterns, Trends, and Opportunities” presentation featuring the in-depth usage analysis that he conducted in partnership with EBL and ebrary. The new LibCentral’s enhanced capabilities make it possible for me to gain as clear of a picture of the patterns, trends and opportunities for the Germanna Community College Library as Levine-Clark did for global ebook usage. As far as expenditure goes, being able to pull the average STL costs to see if certain subjects are more expensive even though they receive less use will help us make the best use of our budget. We are part of a consortium so won’t be making these budgeting decisions on our individual level, but will be able to make the case should changes in the approach seem reasonable. PQ: What are you going to be able to do now that you weren't able to do before using the new LibCentral? JD: We’re going to be able to paint a clear picture of how our researchers are using our ebooks. As I mentioned before, we see our highest ebook usage in ebrary and EBL for current, general resources. Learning about this new reporting functionality as a part of beta testing with ProQuest has left me excited because I don’t yet know exactly what insight I’ll gain. My hope is that we’ll see trends that were previously under the radar. Maybe there’s a department on campus that we didn’t think would rely on ebooks, but the reports prove otherwise and act as a conversation starter. With the report in hand, our liaisons will be able to approach faculty and say, “We’re seeing heavy use in this subject area. Would you like to work with us to build out the ebook collection for your students?” Any data that supports librarian-faculty collaboration is a definite win for all parties involved. EC: At my previous institution, we didn’t use it very much as we relied on another platform for managing our ebook collection. With the launch of the new, improved platform and administrative portal, I can see ProQuest Ebook Central becoming a very useful data center on ebook use at my institution. PQ: What else can ProQuest do to help you streamline your ebook assessment workflow? JD: One of the things that I’m very happy about that’s not tied to the usage reports specifically is how ProQuest is helping to make DRM more transparent for users. The dream is no DRM but I understand the realities of it. Our users just don’t get DRM — They don’t understand the license restrictions, they don’t understand why they can’t print or download a whole book. What you’re seeing with Ebook Central is that the restrictions are made more clear by communicating how many pages a user can print and how many they have printed so far. The more information we can push to the patron to help them understand, the better, and ProQuest is definitely keeping this in mind. Specific to LibCentral reporting, I’m looking forward to the Expenditure Reports. More and more of our budget has been dedicated to DDA as it’s a great way to let our patrons shape our collection and allows us to offer access to a greater number of titles than we would be able to with outright purchasing. The problem is we can’t dedicate our whole budget to DDA. Once Ebook Central launches, we’re going to have one platform driving the majority of our ebook usage so we’ll be able to review the Expenditure Report and make acquisition decisions based on which subject areas are seeing high usage, which areas are not and which are most costly. It will allow us to ask and answer questions to better shape our collection moving forward. I’m impressed. I think ProQuest got it right with Ebook Central, taking the best from EBL and the best from ebrary to create what’s shaping up to be a very impressive platform. EC: I’m pleased with the improvements ProQuest has made to reporting with the new LibCentral and excited to see the enhancements that they’ll roll out in the future as well. Interested in learning more about Ebook Central? Contact us. To prepare for the launch of ProQuest Ebook Central, we kicked off a series of blog posts with the librarians that helped shape the platform during our beta testing phase. Our first post was an interview with Kathleen Folger in which the Electronic Resources Officer told us about how the new platform supports her accessibility initiatives at University of Michigan Library. This week we had a chance to speak to two more of the librarians who provided insight during our ProQuest Ebook Central beta testing phase: Jeffrey Daniels, Head of Knowledge Access and Resource Management Services at Grand Valley State University Libraries, and Erin Crane, current E-Resources and Instruction Librarian at Germanna Community College and former Electronic Books Librarian at Jerry Falwell Library at Liberty University during the ProQuest Ebook Central beta testing phase. The Grand Valley State University Libraries’ goal is to enrich the educational mission of the university by advancing intellectual growth and discovery. Jeffrey and his fellow librarians focus on the acquisition, application, dissemination and preservation of knowledge to promote teaching, learning and active scholars. Germanna Community College Library aims to support the college curriculum, to meet the research and information needs of the college community, to promote information literacy and lifelong learning, to provide instruction in the use of library resources and also to encourage leisure reading and listening. In order to fulfill this mission, Erin and her fellow librarians need insight into the ways that their content is used so they’re sure to provide the resources that their researchers seek. Read on to learn how LibCentral’s reporting features will help both of these libraries achieve their user-focused missions and stay tuned for additional profiles of libraries that helped shape the new ProQuest Ebook Central platform. ProQuest (PQ): What obstacles do you face in proving ROI on your e-resources? Jeffrey Daniels, Grand Valley State University Libraries (JD): To put it simply, our biggest obstacle is one that many, if not all, libraries face: collecting data that is consistent across platforms. COUNTER has started to help with this, but there are still a lot of vendors out there that don’t supply COUNTER-compliant usage statistics and resources that don’t lend themselves to COUNTER compliance. The other problem is the scope of the data available. Our library provides researchers with access to such a large number of ebooks on multiple platforms. It’s a challenge to make sense of the scope of the numbers for those outside of the library who don’t understand the wealth of resources available. Erin Crane, Germanna Community College Library (EC): I agree. One of our biggest obstacles is collecting detailed, consistent data with the context to make it make sense to those outside of the library — actually, sometimes data that I pull from vendors makes it difficult for even the librarians to figure out what it’s showing! Timeliness of data is a major obstacle as well as many vendors provide data a month later and it’s less helpful than it could be, especially nowadays when you need information quickly. As far as consistency goes, I often run into the problem of not being able to easily export and manipulate cross-platform insights, especially as some vendors just provide HTML, some just provide PDF, some just provide a long Excel spreadsheet of numbers. As Jeffrey mentioned, COUNTER helps those with the trained librarian eye gain insight into what’s happening in our collections, but it’s helpful to have detailed info for more in-depth analysis when trying to prove return on investment and make the case for those outside of the library. PQ: Has any of the data that you've collected surprised you? Why or why not? JD: Specific to LibCentral, one thing that has surprised me since the ebrary and EBL merger under ProQuest is that there is a great amount of overlap between the EBL and ebrary catalogs. It’s to be expected as these have traditionally been competing products, but I’m excited to see that ProQuest Ebook Central will automatically address this duplication for me, removing the need for me to ensure that patrons are choosing the subscription option when we have it and the DDA record when we don’t. EC: Since the new reporting functionality provides deeper insights into how our collection is used, I was able to see usage trends that were previously not clear to me. For instance, our EBL history titles received the most page views — history is not a major class here at Germanna, though it is required for many students as they work towards their associate’s degrees. The new LibCentral reports gave me good cause to look into why this is as well as to see how the Library can further support these students. PQ: How will LibCentral help you assess ebook usage and expenditure? JD: We provide access to over a million ebooks through multiple sources, but our highest usage is seen with EBL and ebrary. To have them consolidated in one platform is game changing. We’re specifically looking forward to the reporting features, as they’ll allow us to do something that we’ve been wrestling with for a while now: weeding our electronic collection. We’re running into the problem of having multiple editions of the same title available. We have retrospective collections so filtering by year of publication doesn’t work, but we need to make it easier for our users to choose the most up-to-date title when it’s appropriate. Our library’s only option before LibCentral would have taken hours and hours of manual work and, honestly, just wasn’t feasible. LibCentral Title Reports make what used to be an unrealistic task a realistic goal. EC: As I mentioned earlier, we need detailed data in order to make the case for resource investments. LibCentral has that level of detail available in the reports. Actually, it might even have more detail than we need! I’m looking forward to being able to see not just which titles are used, but also how they were used and how long they were used. Looking through the reports I’m reminded of Michael Levine-Clark’s “E-Book Usage on a Global Scale: Patterns, Trends, and Opportunities” presentation featuring the in-depth usage analysis that he conducted in partnership with EBL and ebrary. The new LibCentral’s enhanced capabilities make it possible for me to gain as clear of a picture of the patterns, trends and opportunities for the Germanna Community College Library as Levine-Clark did for global ebook usage. As far as expenditure goes, being able to pull the average STL costs to see if certain subjects are more expensive even though they receive less use will help us make the best use of our budget. We are part of a consortium so won’t be making these budgeting decisions on our individual level, but will be able to make the case should changes in the approach seem reasonable. PQ: What are you going to be able to do now that you weren't able to do before using the new LibCentral? JD: We’re going to be able to paint a clear picture of how our researchers are using our ebooks. As I mentioned before, we see our highest ebook usage in ebrary and EBL for current, general resources. Learning about this new reporting functionality as a part of beta testing with ProQuest has left me excited because I don’t yet know exactly what insight I’ll gain. My hope is that we’ll see trends that were previously under the radar. Maybe there’s a department on campus that we didn’t think would rely on ebooks, but the reports prove otherwise and act as a conversation starter. With the report in hand, our liaisons will be able to approach faculty and say, “We’re seeing heavy use in this subject area. Would you like to work with us to build out the ebook collection for your students?” Any data that supports librarian-faculty collaboration is a definite win for all parties involved. EC: At my previous institution, we didn’t use it very much as we relied on another platform for managing our ebook collection. With the launch of the new, improved platform and administrative portal, I can see ProQuest Ebook Central becoming a very useful data center on ebook use at my institution. PQ: What else can ProQuest do to help you streamline your ebook assessment workflow? JD: One of the things that I’m very happy about that’s not tied to the usage reports specifically is how ProQuest is helping to make DRM more transparent for users. The dream is no DRM but I understand the realities of it. Our users just don’t get DRM — They don’t understand the license restrictions, they don’t understand why they can’t print or download a whole book. What you’re seeing with Ebook Central is that the restrictions are made more clear by communicating how many pages a user can print and how many they have printed so far. The more information we can push to the patron to help them understand, the better, and ProQuest is definitely keeping this in mind. Specific to LibCentral reporting, I’m looking forward to the Expenditure Reports. More and more of our budget has been dedicated to DDA as it’s a great way to let our patrons shape our collection and allows us to offer access to a greater number of titles than we would be able to with outright purchasing. The problem is we can’t dedicate our whole budget to DDA. Once Ebook Central launches, we’re going to have one platform driving the majority of our ebook usage so we’ll be able to review the Expenditure Report and make acquisition decisions based on which subject areas are seeing high usage, which areas are not and which are most costly. It will allow us to ask and answer questions to better shape our collection moving forward. I’m impressed. I think ProQuest got it right with Ebook Central, taking the best from EBL and the best from ebrary to create what’s shaping up to be a very impressive platform. EC: I’m pleased with the improvements ProQuest has made to reporting with the new LibCentral and excited to see the enhancements that they’ll roll out in the future as well.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Stephen S.'s Passions Stephen S.'s Bio Wife loved the color and construction but it is too short (prefer it to cover behind) and too tight in the hips (could not layer). size 14, ordered Large. Next size up would have been too loose up top and probably too long in the sleeves. Jacket is shorter than I wanted. I am 5'11, 30 inch inseam, 210 lbs with 48 inch chest. ordered XL. Only falls just below waist on me and I prefer for my jackets to come lower. Sleeve's also seem a little long but I would have kept it if that was the only issue. Quality appears excellent and love the gator color. Layering would allow for a medium weight fleece under the jacket but probably not a heavy weight fleece nor a fleece and a sweater.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
TRANS PACIFIC 1940's - THE STORY: It was the golden age of aviation and nothing held the imagination more captive then the ultra luxurious trans-Pacific Clippers. They were giant flying boats with fixed wings and massive hulls that allowed for long distance travel and landing on water. The Clippers enabled the first trans-ocean passenger service and ushered a new era for Hawaii tourism. THE DESIGN. Inspired by iconic Hawaii destination posters of that era, our Trans Pacific 40's print is designed to vividly recall those nostalgic years when both journey and destination were savored in equal measure. It was first released over 25 years ago in Reyn Spooner "Reylon," and it quickly became of one of the most requested reprints in subsequent years. The first Spooner Kloth fabrication, however, was released 2 years ago after a long hiatus. “Easy process ordering on line and product exactly as advertised. Good quality for fair price.” “Finding great shirts is easy and the checkout process is quick and simple. Shipping is fast and free! What's not to like?” “They have the best Hawaiian shirts along with the best prices! The selection is always not notch and they never disappoint. Excellent customer service! Love Aloha Shirt Shop!” About Reyn Spooner Reyn Spooner Hawaiian shirts from the originators of Aloha Friday. The Hawaiian shirt born on the shores of Waikiki in 1956, Reyn Spooner symbolizes the warmth and spirit of the word "Aloha". A little something about Spooner Kloth which is the majority of the shirts we carry from Reyn Spooner. Spooner Kloth is one of the best investments you can make. Introduced by Reyn Spooner® in 1964, this traditional classic has become the oxford cloth of the islands. Combining the cool comfort of combed cotton with the wrinkle free properties of spun polyester, Spooner Kloth™ is guaranteed to give years of wash n wear durability. Due to its unique nature, the slight irregularities in weaving and subtle variations in color that occasionally occur are natural characteristics of this woven fabric. Spooner Kloth™ fabric will continue to develop its personality and improve with age. Reyn Spooner has earned the reputation of producing some of the finest quality shirts in the Hawaiian Islands. It all started in 1956, with Spooner’s of Waikiki making custom aloha shirts & swim wear. Reyn Spooner garments are tailored with meticulous, uncompromising attention to detail. Reyn Spooner's premium quality fabrics are designed with the customer's needs in mind, from durable and easy-care Spooner Kloth to cool cottons and some special blend resort fabrics. As always, the key uniqueness of Reyn Spooner comes from their exclusive print designs. Inspired by tropical & casual lifestyle, the designs are conceived almost daily, with an eye towards authenticity and fun. Reyn Spooner is never shy to fully express the things that they enjoy in life. As a commitment to the exclusivity of the designs, most of the garments are made in limited quantities, making many a collectible to cherish. Make Reyn Spooner a part of your own tradition. Whether worn daily as comfortable business attire or during casual times, we invite you to the try the Reyn Spooner lifestyle.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
This project has two distinct parts: the framework and the sample apps. These are developed and distributed separately. The framework and each sample app is a regular Perl distibution like you would find on CPAN (though they may be bundled together). They use Module::Build instead of ExtUtils::MakeMaker. This means that the procedure for installation (after you untar the distribution) is: perl Build.pl ./Build ./Build test ./Build install You need to do this for the framework itself and again for each sample app you want to deploy. Once you have installed the framework and a sample app, you need to configure the app. This amounts to including a few directives in your httpd.conf. You can just add this to you system httpd.conf or to a virtual host within it: Include /path/to/Billing/docs/httpd.conf See that file for clues about configuration, details follow later in this doc. To run the billing sample app, you must also set up a database for it. To create the database, use billing.sql in the docs directory of the distibution. Choose any name you like for the database, but change the PerlSetVars in your httpd.conf appropriately (look for the ones that start with db). In order for the apps to serve images and style sheets, you need to copy the css and images directories into your document root and set the PerlSetVars for css_root and img_root to point to the Apache serveable directory where you put them. A private contractor billing system. It keeps track of who you work for, what you did for them, and the invoices you sent to them. The invoices can be viewed as PDFs for printing, but are also stored in the database. The Apps::Billing::Companies inherits from Apps::Billing, which in turn inherits from Gantry. The only handler you should ever need is in the Gantry. (Though you could override it, we never have). The handler is a template method, meaning that it performs a standard outline of steps calling particular methods of your subclass as it needs specific help or information. Typically this sequence is init do_something clean_up In init, you typically do two things: fish PerlSetVars out of the request object through its dir_config method and setup your database access. We usually have two inits for the entire app, see init in Billing.pm and Gantry.pm for example. Grouping all of an apps configuration parameters makes them easier to find, since they all live in the same Location directive in the conf file. Further, for those reading the code, they are all in only one or two places, again making them easier to find. In cleanup, you release any resources you need to. But, note that Class::DBI based modules handle the database connection pools for you, so you don't usually need to put database disconnects in cleanup. We usually have a single cleanup for the entire app, see Billing.pm for example. All of the action methods begin with do_. What comes after that is taken directly from the URL. In the do_ method, you perform whatever action you need to for the page the user requested. This includes populating the view data portion of the site object ($site). That view data goes to the template. In reality, the handler is a bit more complex. But you can think of it like it is shown above until you care to adjust its behavior. The main mystery is, "How does it make output?" The short answer is, it calls do_process (after the steps shown above). That method is supplied by the template engine of your choice (ours is TT). When you use Gantry, you do it like so (this is taken from Billing.pm): use Gantry qw/-Engine=MP20 -TemplateEngine=TT/; The Engine here is mod_perl 2.0. The TemplateEngine is Template Toolkit. The framework handles Engine and TemplateEngine options specially. See below for how it handles TemplateEngine options. Engines must be in the Gantry::Engine namespace. The engine is responsible for exporting the following methods (yes, I said exporting and methods): Template engines handle the view part of MVC processing. Typically, you don't have to write any code for them, you can just use one included in the distribution. But, should you want to use Mason or some other templating system, you will have to write a template engine. These must live in the Mutant::KrKit::Template namespace. This is the actual dispatcher which calls the do_* methods of the modules you write. While most do_methods merely store their data in the site object for later retrieval in the template, some return their output instead. This method is responsible for storin such returned data in the site object stash. In addition to loading an engine and a template engine, use Gantry can also load any other plugins you request. All plugins must live in the Gantry::Plugins namespace. Plugins are very simple. They are a lot like mixins from Ruby. Each one is a package which exports methods. These are then available throughout the app as methods of the site object. A plugin could be as simple as:	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
jeffrey rosen Sen. McCain Receives 2017 Liberty Medal : CSPAN : October 22, 2017 6:30pm-8:01pm EDT , senator mccain's uncommon friendship with mo udall comes to mind congressman udall was a liberal icon yet he reached out to a young republican from his state as a friend and a mentor. the two men developed a close friendship that lasted until udall's death from parkinson's disease. although udall had one spin -- once been a month the most powerful leaders in washington almost none of his former colleagues came calling as he's laying ill at a veterans hospital not far from the capital. -- it was senator mcgrane mccain who visited them quite often. you would arrive at the hospital with newspaper clips and you would sit at your friend's bedside and read to him. you in he reached out to the beginning, you reached out to him in the and with empathy and withdrew compassion. story, it is once again so clear of the unique and unusual man we are speaking about, and what a dear friend he was to mo udall. but we must also see a man with a desire to embrace people's humanity regardless of their politics. this is no small feat in today's patriotic halls of our of ournce and quarters country. senat , senator mccain's uncommon friendship with mo udall comes to mind congressman udall was a liberal icon yet he reached out to a young republican from his state as a friend and a mentor. the two men developed a close friendship that lasted until udall's death from parkinson's disease. although udall had one spin -- once been a month the most powerful leaders in washington almost none of his former colleagues came calling as he's laying ill at a veterans hospital not far from the capital. -- it... Sen. McCain Receives 2017 Liberty Medal : CSPAN : October 23, 2017 10:01am-11:25am EDT uncommon friendship with morse udall comes to mind. congressman udall was a liberal icon, yet he reached out to a young republican as a friend and mentor. they developed a close friendship that lasted until his death from parkinson's disease. he had once been among the most powerful leaders in washington, but almost none of his former colleagues came calling when he as he was leading ill at a veterans hospital not far from the capital, but it was senator mccain who visited quite often. senator, you would arrive with newspaper clips, and you would sit at your friend's bedside and ,. just as he reached out to you in the beginning, you reached out to him in the end with empathy and with true compassion. hearing this story, it is so clear the unique and unusual man we are speaking about and what a dear friend he was. we must also see a man with a desire to embrace people's humanity, regardless of their politics. this is no small feat in the today's vitriolic halls in our country. senator mccain is a man of strong conviction, yes, but he also embodies a spirit that helps our founding uncommon friendship with morse udall comes to mind. congressman udall was a liberal icon, yet he reached out to a young republican as a friend and mentor. they developed a close friendship that lasted until his death from parkinson's disease. he had once been among the most powerful leaders in washington, but almost none of his former colleagues came calling when he as he was leading ill at a veterans hospital not far from the capital, but it was senator mccain who visited quite often.... Sen. McCain Receives 2017 Liberty Medal : CSPAN : October 23, 2017 12:48am-2:25am EDT another member. >> udall took him under his wing. was one of the most well-known members of congress. >> he came to john and said, let's work together. >> we are an important check on the power of the executive. just implore his colleagues to come together. he defended the constitutional role of congress, as envisioned by the founding fathers. john mccain: whether or not we are a member of the same party, we are not subordinates, we are the president's equal. >> he challenges us to move fast partisanship and try to do right by the people web higher dust -- have higher dust -- the people who have hired us. >> he sure is the belief that we have to get back to the basics of leadership and the basics in the constitution because it is that respect for the country that will allow us to heal the wounds of vietnam, civil rights, recent times. mitch mcconnell: he approaches every issue i asking, what is the best outcome that can be achieved. there is no one who is more honorable and deserving than john mccain. announcer: ladies and gentlemen, please welcome joe biden. joe biden: thank you ver another member. >> udall took him under his wing. was one of the most well-known members of congress. >> he came to john and said, let's work together. >> we are an important check on the power of the executive. just implore his colleagues to come together. he defended the constitutional role of congress, as envisioned by the founding fathers. john mccain: whether or not we are a member of the same party, we are not subordinates, we are the president's equal. >> he...	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6562914848327637, 'wiki_prob': 0.6562914848327637, 'source': 'cc/2021-04/en_head_0054.json.gz/line583032'}
1. Jeffrey Epstein, the financier indicted on sex trafficking charges who was able to cultivate a stream of high-profile friends despite his lurid lifestyle, committed suicide at a Manhattan jail, officials said. Mr. Epstein, pictured above in 2017, hanged himself at the Metropolitan Correctional Center, and his body was found Saturday morning. Last month, he was found unconscious in his cell with marks on his neck but was not under suicide watch when he took his own life. Attorney General William Barr said that the death “raises serious questions,” and that a special inquiry would be opened into what happened.	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Stories of Transformation These animated testimonies tell the true stories of believers from a Muslim background. Each episode shows a challenge the believer faced and how God helped him or her overcome it. Meet Noor He is a 39-year-old man whose name means light. He didn't feel the name fit him because he lived in darkness, struggling against his own sinful desires. Until one day when he met the ultimate light – Jesus. Watch these episodes to see how he grew in his knowledge of God, his understanding of the church and his relationships. How can I overcome temptation? Where does God live? How can I improve my relationships? Meet Hajar She grew up in a conservative Islamic family, reading books about her faith and its practices. But she was troubled by questions that never went away, like why, as a woman, she couldn't have a direct relationship with God. Watch these episodes to see how she discovered answers and learned how God meets her in her suffering. Where do I find answers to life's questions? Where is God in my suffering? Meet Sanah Her home country of Iraq went through a terrible trial because of the Islamic State. Sanah's family fled. Many people turned to magic and sorcery to combat this trial. Watch how Sanah discovered a better solution. She also learns her role in the church and the difference between polytheism and the trinity. How do I overcome evil? How can my skills serve the church? Is there only one God? Meet Hussam He is a Syrian whose spiritual journey with Christ began when he went on pilgrimage to Mecca. While he was performing all the religious rituals, doubt crept into his mind, causing him to ask questions. Does God keep his promises? Meet Huda She suffered at the hands of her brother. He imposed his authority over their home and mother after their father died. This made it hard for her to understand God as her father. Is God my father? Meet Malak He rebelled against the rules laid out by his religious family and teachers. He considered them restrictions on his freedom. Yet, even in his rebellion he never felt truly free. Meet Youssif His leg was paralyzed after the wrong injection was given. The mistake has caused life-long suffering. Youssif wrestles with how God could let this happen. How can I forgive? Check out other projects This is just one of the series we've developed. Check out our other series by clicking the button below.	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.5289401412010193, 'wiki_prob': 0.5289401412010193, 'source': 'cc/2023-06/en_middle_0090.json.gz/line1404933'}
Popular November 30, 2010 Researchers Demystify Glasses By Studying Crystals by Sam Savage Glass is something we all know about. It's what we sip our drinks from, what we look out of to see what the weather is like before going outside and it is the backbone to our high speed communications infrastructure (optical fibers). But what most people don't know is that "glass transitions," where changes in structure of a substance accompanying temperature change get "frozen in," can show up during cooling of most any material, liquids through metals. This produces "glassy states," of that material "“ exotic states that can be unfrozen and refrozen by merely changing the temperature a little up and down around the transition temperature. "For liquids," says C. Austen Angell, an Arizona State University Regents professor of chemistry and biochemistry and a leading explorer in this domain, "it's fairly simple, glasses form when crystals don't." Beyond this "banality," as Angell calls it, things get more complicated. Angell has done considerable work in this realm, the best known of which has been on the classification of glass-forming liquids between extreme types "“ "strong" liquids, like the silica glass that optical fibers are made from, and "fragile" liquids which glassblowers stay away from because, during cooling, they set up solid too quickly for them to work with. Now another piece of the puzzle is being reported on what, exactly, glasses are. The report uses the unusual behavior of a non-liquid substance to help unlock the secrets. It is a metallic alloy consisting of equal parts of cobalt and iron. In a paper in the Nov. 28, 2010, issue of Nature Physics, Angell and his colleagues "“ Shuai Wei, Isabella Gallino and Ralf Busch, all of Saarland University, Germany "“ describe the behavior of iron-cobalt (Fe50Co50) superlattice material as it cools down from its randomly ordered high temperature state. The paper, "Glass transition with decreasing correlation length during cooling of Fe50Co50 superlattice and strong liquids," builds on work from 1943 by Kaya and Sato in Japan who measured the heat capacity of the bi-metallic alloy. Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to heat a sample by one degree Kelvin. Albert Einstein thought heat capacity was a material's most revealing property. The iron-cobalt alloy heat capacity showed two features "“ a sharp spike at 1000 K (1340 F) called a lambda transition (which is quite common in metal alloys as the two types of atoms order themselves onto two individual interpenetrating lattices) "“ and near 750K (890 F) another feature which is very unusual for a metallic crystal, a glass-like transition, where the state of order gets "frozen in" during cooling. Most glassy forms of matter experience a gradual increase in heat capacity as they are heated until this special transition point is reached. At this point (called the glass temperature) the materials suddenly jump to a new, higher heat capacity zone, often 100 percent higher, and change from a solid material to a very viscous liquid. What the new measurements in the Nature Physics article show is that the disordering of the superlattice has the kinetic characteristic of strong liquids. But because the alloy lambda transition is well understood, researchers know that a property called the "correlation length" is decreasing as the temperature decreases from the lambda spike towards the (glass) transition temperature. This is the opposite behavior from what has been thought to be characteristic of liquids as they cool towards their transition temperature. "We now argue that strong and fragile extremes are not really extremes, so much as they are opposites," Angell said. "On a molecular level, we now think that in the strong liquids the organization of molecules in space is getting shorter-range as the glassy state is approached, while in the fragile liquids, that organization length is indeed getting longer as people have already proposed," he explained. "This shows that static correlation length changes do not, by themselves, account for the liquid turning solid at the glass transition." To understand the paradox Angell turned to the substance water. Water is famous for having strikingly anomalous properties in its super cooled state. As 228 K (-49 F) is approached, water's heat capacity is racing up like that of iron-cobalt alloy at its critical point. Scientists now believe that water would show the same sort of spike if it didn't crystallize first. When water is quenched at a million degrees per second it doesn't crystallize and a glass that acts like a low temperature replica of silica results, i.e. a strong liquid. Angell sees water's behavior as a sort of Rosetta stone. "The Rosetta stone has two faces, the same statement on each but in a different language," he said. "In my case, water speaks the language of fragile liquids on its upper face (at temperatures more than 228 K, or -49 F), and the language of strong liquids on its lower face (temperatures less than 228 K)." Previous work by Angell (with Robin Speedy in 1976) pinpointed the 228 K temperature as a "divergence temperature" of a special mathematical law, called a power law, typical of critical systems, which described the physical properties of super cooled water. "So now we see strong liquids and fragile liquids as occupying opposite flanks of some generalized 'order-disorder' transition," Angell explained. Angell and his colleague Dmitry Matyushov in ASU's physics department, plan to describe this generalized transition in more detail in the future. Meantime there are practical benefits to be had. Angell points out that if optical fiber glasses, being silica or silica-like, have shorter range organization at lower temperatures, then fibers that have been annealed at lower temperatures than their fiber-drawing temperature (more than 2000 K) should be less scattering of light, hence better for communications purposes. Thus this new information can mean better performing materials in the future. "Patent literature suggests that the fiber optics scientists already learned the benefits of annealing (a heat treatment that alters the microstructure of a material causing changes in properties such as strength, hardness and ductility). Now we would know exactly why this is so, and we could actually design that property into the material forming process," Angell said.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
--- abstract: 'Particle tracking and displacement covariance matrix techniques are employed to investigate the phonon dispersion relations of two-dimensional colloidal glasses composed of soft, thermoresponsive microgel particles whose temperature-sensitive size permits in situ variation of particle packing fraction. Bulk, $B$, and shear, $G$, moduli of the colloidal glasses are extracted from the dispersion relations as a function of packing fraction, and variation of the ratio $G/B$ with packing fraction is found to agree quantitatively with predictions for jammed packings of frictional soft particles. In addition, $G$ and $B$ individually agree with numerical predictions for frictional particles. This remarkable level of agreement enabled us to extract an energy scale for the inter-particle interaction from the individual elastic constants and to derive an approximate estimate for the inter-particle friction coefficient.' author: - Tim Still - 'Carl P. Goodrich' - Ke Chen - 'Peter J. Yunker' - Samuel Schoenholz - 'Andrea J. Liu' - 'A. G. Yodh' title: 'Phonon Dispersion and Elastic Moduli of Two-Dimensional Disordered Colloidal Packings of Soft Particles with Frictional Interactions' --- Like a madeleine dipped in tea, a packing of ideal spheres at the jamming transition is barely solid. The ratio of the shear modulus to the bulk modulus, $G/B$, vanishes, as it does for a liquid, and the number of inter-particle contacts is exactly the minimum number needed for mechanical stability, namely the isostatic number, $z_c=2D$, where $D$ is the dimensionality [@ohern03]. Above the jamming transition, $G/B$ increases linearly with the number of excess contacts, $z-z_c$ [@ohern03; @vanhecke10; @liu10], or equivalently, with $\left(\phi-\phi_c\right)^{1/2}$, where $\phi$ is the packing fraction and $\phi_c$ is the packing fraction at the transition. This scaling relation is a defining property of the jamming transition; it sets jammed packings apart from other solids whose inter-particle contact number can be varied above the isostatic value, such as networks near the rigidity percolation threshold [@ellenbroek09] and decorated isostatic lattices [@souslov09; @mao11]. Despite its central importance to jamming transition theory, the behavior of $G/B$ has proven challenging to measure experimentally. Among all the relations predicted near the jamming transition [@liu10], only the dependence of the excess contact number, $z-z_c$ [@katgert10; @jorjadze13], and the bulk modulus, $B$ [@jorjadze13], on the excess packing fraction, $\phi-\phi_c$, have been tested experimentally. Here we circumvent traditional technical difficulties in measuring by $G$ and $B$ by employing video microscopy on two-dimensional disordered colloidal packings to measure phonon dispersion relations. The glassy colloidal suspensions are composed of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) soft hydrogel particles, whose packing fraction, $\phi$, can be tuned in situ by changing temperature. Such systems have proven useful for studying the properties of colloidal packings near the jamming transition [@chen10prl; @zhang11; @yunker11prl; @chen11]. We employ displacement covariance matrix analysis [@ghosh10prl; @chen11; @chen10prl; @kaya10; @henkes11] to obtain the system’s eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies. Using an analysis similar to those in earlier studies [@keim04; @kaya10; @klix12], we obtain the phonon dispersion relation, $\omega(q)$, for the vibrational modes of a “shadow system" with equivalent particle configuration and interactions but without damping. Sound velocities and elastic moduli are then derived from the dispersion relation. While most studies of colloidal suspensions are interpreted without invoking direct frictional interactions between particles, such effects can arise [@kurita10; @liber13]. The present experiments allow direct comparison with models of jammed systems with [@somfai07; @shundyak07] and without [@ohern03] inter-particle friction. We find unambiguously that the particles have frictional interactions; from the dependence of the elastic constants on packing fraction, we extract an estimate of the coefficient of friction, $\mu$, as well as the strength of inter-particle interactions, $\epsilon$. PNIPAM particles with different diameters were synthesized by surfactant-free radical emulsion polymerization, as described elsewhere [@alsayed11]. These particular PNIPAM particles are more strongly cross-linked in their cores compared to their surfaces, and they are essentially charge neutral; thus, when pressed close together, polymeric chains of one particle are very likely to interpenetrate and entangle with particle chains of neighboring particles. Quasi-2D packings (binary mixtures with $d_{big}\approx1.4$ m and $d_{small}\approx1.0$ m (at 26 $^{\circ}$C)) were prepared by confining the suspension between two microscope cover slips (Fisher Scientific) and sealed with optical glue [@han08pre]. The diameter of the PNIPAM particles changes with temperature, $T$; $d(T)$-curves obtained by dynamic light scattering can be found in the supporting material [@supple]. Particle trajectory data were acquired using standard bright field video microscopy in a narrow range of temperatures, $26.4-27.2$ $^{\circ}$C. The temperature was controlled by thermal coupling to the microscope objective (BiOptechs), and the sample was equilibrated for 15 min at each temperature before data acquisition. During this 15 min period, particle rearrangements occurred as the system aged; to our knowledge, no cage rearrangements occurred once data acquisition was begun, except in the system at 27.2$^{\circ}$C, $\phi\approx0.863$, the lowest $\phi$ studied. Note that the diameter ratio, $d_{big}/d_{small}$, varies by less than within 1% in the investigated range of temperatures. The trajectories of the $N\approx3000$ particles in the field of view ($\approx67\times50$ m) were extracted from a total of 30,000 frames of video at 110 frames/s using standard particle tracking techniques. The packing fraction $\phi$ was calculated from the measured number of particles and their hydrodynamic radii (measured at low concentration) at the experiment temperature. Note that changes in this “hydrodynamic” packing fraction accurately reflect changes in the true packing fraction. The absolute packing fractions, on the other hand, are typically overestimated because the hydrodynamic radius in dynamic light scattering experiments tends to be larger than the diameter measured by static scattering techniques or direct imaging. To analyze the data, we employ the displacement covariance matrix technique [@ghosh10prl; @chen10prl; @kaya10; @henkes11]. We define $\mathbf{u}(t)$ as the 2$N$-component vector of displacements of all particles from their time-averaged positions, and we extract the displacement covariance matrix, $C_{ij}=\left\langle u_i(t)u_j(t)\right\rangle_t$, where $i$, $j=1\ldots 2N$ run over particles and coordinate directions, and the average is taken over time frames. In the harmonic approximation and in thermal equilibrium, $C_{ij}$ is directly related to the dynamical matrix of the shadow system $D_{ij}={k_BTC_{ij}^{-1}}/{\sqrt{m_i m_j}}$ with particle masses $m_{i}$ and $m_{j}$. The eigenvectors of $D$ are the vibrational eigenmodes of the shadow system with polarization vectors $\mathbf{P}_n$ (for $n=1\ldots 2N$) and eigenfrequencies $\omega_n=\left(\frac{k_BT}{m\lambda_n}\right)^{1/2}$, where $\lambda$ are the eigenvalues of covariance matrix $C$, and $m$ is the mass of a single sphere. The vibrational mode frequencies thus extracted depend on the experimental number of snapshots. We correct for the error that arises from using a finite number of frames by extrapolating to $N_\mathrm{frames}=\infty$ and assuming that $\omega$ varies linearly in $1/N_\mathrm{frames}$, as expected [@schindler12; @chen13]. ![(color online) a Transverse and b longitudinal spectral functions, $f_T(\omega)$ and $f_L(\omega)$, of the system at low, medium, and high $\omega$. Dashed lines show Gaussian fits to the peaks which were used to extract $q(\omega)$ for each $\omega$.[]{data-label="fig:1"}](r_Fig1_v2.eps){width=".9\linewidth"} The Fourier decomposition of the eigenmodes into transverse and longitudinal components yields two spectral functions, $f_T$ and $f_L$, respectively, for each mode of frequency $\omega$ as a function of wavevector magnitude $q$: $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:ft} f_T(q,\omega)&=&\left\langle \left\| \sum_n \widehat{\mathbf{q}}\times\mathbf{P}_n(\omega)\exp(i\mathbf{q}\cdot\mathbf{r}_n)\right\|^2\right\rangle,\\ %\end{equation} %\begin{equation} f_L(q,\omega)&=&\left\langle \left\| \sum_n \widehat{\mathbf{q}}\cdot\mathbf{P}_n(\omega)\exp(i\mathbf{q}\cdot\mathbf{r}_n)\right\|^2\right\rangle, \label{eq:fl} %\end{equation}\end{aligned}$$ where $\mathbf{r}_n$ is the equilibrium position of each particle and the brackets indicate an average over directions $\widehat{\mathbf{q}}$ [@grest82; @silbert09; @vitelli10]. The maxima of these functions correspond to the phonon wavevector with magnitude $q_{T,L}(\omega)$ that constitute the dispersion relation [@silbert09; @kaya10]. We recently applied this method to a hexagonal colloidal crystal [@chen13] and obtained the full dispersion relation expected theoretically [@ashcroft], as have earlier colloidal experiments [@keim04; @grunberg07; @reinke07; @baumgartl08]. In the long wavelength limit, the dispersion curve is linear and its slope gives the longitudinal and transverse sound velocities: $c_{T,L}=\lim\limits_{q\rightarrow0}(\partial \omega/\partial q)$. In practice, the procedure for extracting the maximum value of $f_{T,L}$ as a function of $q$ for each mode yields rather noisy results for disordered colloidal packings [@supple], as expected from numerical studies of jammed packings [@vitelli10]. In contrast to crystals, where the peak in $f_{T,L}$ is very sharp, for disordered systems it has been shown [@silbert09] that the peak is relatively broad and flat for frequencies above the so-called “boson peak frequency” [@silbert05], $\omega^$ (which is 30-80$\times10^3$ rad/s for our experimental systems). To extract the maximum of $f_{T,L}(q,\omega)$ more cleanly for each mode, we therefore fit $f_{T,L}$ to a Gaussian in $q$ to obtain $q_{max}$. Representative plots of $f_{T,L}$ are shown for three different modes in Fig. \[fig:1\], along with the fits used to obtain $q_{max}$ for each mode. Since a glass should be isotropic, we average over many ($>100$) directions in Eqs. \[eq:ft\]-\[eq:fl\] to improve the statistics. The resulting dispersion relations are shown in Fig. \[fig:2\]a for the intermediate packing fraction. The transverse (red circles) and longitudinal (black squares) branches are binned in $q$; the error bars show the standard error of all $\omega$ in the bin. For all $\phi$, the dispersion relation can be obtained from Gaussian fits at least up to $q\approx2$ m$^{-1}$. In all, we studied five different packings in the range $0.8626\le\phi\le0.8822$; the remaining four sets of dispersion curves are shown in the supplementary material [@supple]. In all cases, the curves are essentially linear at low $q$ and bend at higher $q$, as expected [@silbert09; @klix12]. Note that most of the data lie at frequencies above the boson peak frequency, $\omega^$. Previous simulations found that while the dispersion relation for $\omega<\omega^$ is linear in $q$, with a slope consistent with the elastic constant expected for sound modes [@vitelli10], for $\omega \gg \omega^$ the situation is different: the modes are not plane-wave-like and the distinction between transverse and longitudinal directions breaks down [@silbert09]. To corroborate that the elastic constants can be extracted from dispersion relations above $\omega^$, we compare to numerical calculations. Fig. \[fig:2\]b shows the transverse and longitudinal dispersion relations of numerically-generated jammed bidisperse packings, extracted by fitting the peaks of $f_{T,L}(q,\omega)$; the dispersion relations remain linear in $q$ up to frequencies about an order of magnitude higher than $\omega^$, with slopes consistent with the values of the elastic moduli, as indicated by the dashed lines. These calculations were carried out at pressure $p=10^{-2}$, where $\omega^* \approx 0.03$ is in units of $\sqrt{\epsilon/m \sigma^2}$, where $\epsilon$ is the interaction strength of the particles which interact via harmonic repulsion, $\sigma$ is the average particle diameter, and $m$ is the particle mass. These results suggest that in analyzing the data, we must restrict ourselves to a range of frequencies within an order of magnitude of $\omega^$ in order to extract the sound velocities from linear fits to the experimentally-obtained dispersion relations, i.e., over the range $0.25<q<1.00$ m$^{-1}$ (solid blue lines). The mass density $\varrho$ of the particles and the entire system is very close to that of water (1000 kg/m$^3$), and the areal density is $\rho_{2D}=\varrho h$, where $h\approx1.4\cdot10^{-6}$ m is the height of the sample cell. We thus obtain the longitudinal modulus, $M=\rho_{2D} c_l^2$, the shear modulus $G=\rho_{2D} c_t^2$, and the bulk modulus, $B=M-G$ for each packing fraction (Fig. \[fig:3\]a). ![(color online) a* Experimental dispersion relation for PNIPAM glass with $\phi\approx0.87$ (squares: longitudinal, circles: transverse) plotted vs. $q\sigma$ with average diameter $\sigma\approx1.1$ m. The horizontal dashed line marks $\omega^\star \approx 60$ rad/s. Solid lines show linear fits in the long wavelength limit used to extract the sound velocities, $c_L$ and $c_T$. inset: Sound velocities for the five investigated packing fractions. Second order polynomials (dotted lines) are guides for the eye. b Numerical dispersion relation for frictionless particles with harmonic repulsions (bidisperse with diameter ratio 1.4 at $p=10^{-2}$). The horizontal dashed line marks $\omega^\star\approx0.03$. Dashed red lines show the slopes that would correspond to the elastic moduli measured directly in the simulation ($G=0.053$ and $B=0.43$).[]{data-label="fig:2"}](r_Fig2_v1.eps){width="1\linewidth"} We also compare the magnitude of $G$ from the experimental dispersion relation to that measured in bulk rheology experiments of jammed PNIPAM suspensions [@purnomo08; @carrier09; @nordstrom10]. Expressed in 3D-units, we find $G$ to vary between $\approx 10-36$ Pa, consistent with earlier measurements on similar systems, which found a range $4-20$ Pa [@senff99; @purnomo08; @carrier09]. According to theoretical predictions for athermal systems near the jamming transition [@ohern03; @ellenbroek09], the ratio of the shear to bulk modulus, $G/B$, should be independent of the inter-particle potential. For the frictionless case, numerically-generated packings are well-described by $G/B \approx 0.23 \Delta z (1-0.14 \Delta z)$, where $\Delta z=z-z_c^0$ and the frictionless isostatic number is $z_c^0=2D=4$ in two dimensions. By contrast, for frictional particles, we find $$G/B =0.8(\pm0.1)\Delta z^\infty (1-0.25(\pm0.05) \Delta z^\infty) \label{eq:gb}$$ by fitting simulation data in Fig. 4b of Somfai et al. [@somfai07], where $\Delta z^\infty=z-z_c^\infty$ and the frictional isostatic number at infinite friction is $z_c^{\infty}=D+1=3$. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to deduce the contact number directly from experiment. We can, however, analyze the experimental findings using our packing fraction measurements and a result obtained from numerical simulations of frictional particles [@shundyak07]. For particles with finite friction coefficient $\mu$, the scaling relation between $z-z_c^\infty$ and $\phi-\phi_c^\infty$, where $\phi_c^\infty$ is the critical packing fraction at infinite friction, depends on the critical packing fraction for particles with friction $\mu$, $\phi_c^\mu$ (note, $\phi_c^\infty\le\phi_c^\mu\le\phi_c^0$) [@shundyak07]. Using $z-z_c^\mu=C_1(\phi-\phi_c^\mu)^{0.5}$ and $z_c^\mu-z_c^\infty=C_2(\phi_c^\mu-\phi_c^\infty)^{1.7}$, we fit our data to Eq. \[eq:gb\] with $\Delta z^\infty=(z-z_c^\mu)+(z_c^\mu-z_c^\infty)=C_1(\phi-\phi_c^\mu)^{0.5}+C_2(\phi_c^\mu-\phi_c^\infty)^{1.7}$; from Ref. [@shundyak07], $C_1=2.7\pm0.6$, and $C_2=65\pm2$. We note that the fitting involves two fit parameters, $\phi_c^\mu$ and $\phi_c^\infty$. (Note also, because $\phi_c^\mu-\phi_c^\infty$ is a function of $\mu$, we could have used $\mu$ as the second fit parameter instead of $\phi_c^\mu$.) The resulting best fit for $G/B$ as a function of $\phi-\phi_{c}$ is shown in Fig. \[fig:3\]b (dashed line, $\phi_c=\phi_c^\mu$) together with the expected curve for the frictionless form (solid line, $\phi_c=\phi_c^0$). The agreement is excellent with the frictional form, whereas the agreement with the frictionless form is poor. The results therefore lead us to conclude that PNIPAM particles in suspension experience inter-particle friction effects. The fit parameters are $\phi_c^\mu\approx0.851\pm0.005$ and $\phi_c^\infty\approx0.837\pm0.01$, indicating a $\mu$ of order unity or higher by comparison to Ref. [@shundyak07]. We note further that $\phi_c^\infty$, and thus the difference $\phi_c^\mu-\phi_c^\infty$, is particularly sensitive to small changes in $C_1$, $C_2$, and to the coefficients in Eq. \[eq:gb\]. This sensitivity limits the accuracy of our determination of $\mu$. In addition, there is significant uncertainty arises in such estimates, because the relationship between $\mu$ and $z$ is model-dependent [@papanikolaou13]. The inter-particle friction effects suggested by the data above are consistent with expectations based on the structure of the colloidal particles. On a molecular scale, the particular hydrogel particles utilized here are hairy at their surfaces, with polymer chains extending freely into the solvent. Thus, when the colloidal particles are pushed closely together, entanglement of polymer chains and attractive van-der-Waals interactions can arise and contribute to inter-particle friction. In two dimensions, $\phi_c^\infty$ is expected to correspond to the random loose packing fraction, $\phi \approx 0.76$ [@silbert10; @meyer10; @papanikolaou13]. The discrepancy with our fitted value of $\phi_c^\infty\approx0.84$ is therefore quite reasonable, given the uncertainties associated with hydrodynamic radius. In this spirit, the packing fractions could be corrected from the hydrodynamical derived values by subtracting $\approx0.08$. We next show that analysis of the individual elastic constants, $G$ and $B$, allows us to extract the interaction energy. Previous experiments by Nordstrom et al. [@nordstrom10] suggest that the particle interaction potential has the Hertzian form, i.e. $V(r_{ij}) = \frac{\epsilon}{5/2} \left( 1 - r_{ij}/\sigma_{ij} \right)^{5/2}$ for overlap of particles $i$ and $j$, and $V(r_{ij})=0$ otherwise. Here, $r_{ij}$ is the center-to-center particle separation, $\sigma_{ij}$ is the sum of their radii, and $\epsilon$ sets the interaction energy scale. In previous work, Somfai [et al.]{} [@somfai07] studied the effects of different $\mu$ on the elastic moduli of systems of frictional Hertzian particles in 2D. Here we utilize their simulation results to show that our data collapse onto a single curve when $G/k_{eff}$ is plotted against $\Delta z$. The same is true for $B/k_{eff}$. Here, $k_{eff}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\epsilon}{2\sigma^2} (p/p_0)^{1/3}$ for Hertzian interactions; $p=p_0 (\phi-\phi_c^\mu)^{3/2}$, where $p_0=0.135$ for frictional particles [@shundyak07]. Using this form, the numerical data of Somfai [et al.]{} [@somfai07] are described by $G/k_{eff} \approx 0.34 \Delta z^\infty (1- 0.09\Delta z^\infty)$, and $B/k_{eff} \approx 0.28 (1+ 0.62 \Delta z^\infty)$ [@supple]. In short, with $\epsilon$ as a single fit parameter, we can fit experimental data to the theoretically expected results for $G/k_{eff}$ and $B/k_{eff}$ derived from simulations of Hertzian particles with friction in 2D. Note that these fits rely on $\phi_c^\infty$ and $\phi_c^\mu$, which were determined previously from the fit to $G/B$, and so they are fixed in this analysis. The results are shown in Fig. \[fig:3\]c; we find $\epsilon\approx6\pm1\times10^5$ $k_BT$. Equivalently, we show $G$ and $B$ versus $\phi-\phi_c^\mu$ in Fig. \[fig:3\]d. ![(color online) a Experimental bulk ($B$, circles) and shear moduli ($G$, squares) as a function of packing fraction $\phi$. b Ratio $G/B$ as a function of $\phi-\phi_c$. Dashed line shows the expected curve for frictional spheres [@somfai07], where $\phi_c^\infty$ and $\phi_c^\mu$ are the fit parameters. For comparison, the solid red curve shows $G/B$ calculated for frictionless particles. c $B/k_{eff}$ and $G/k_{eff}$ as a function of $\Delta z^\infty=z-z_c^{\infty}$ with corresponding fits (see text); $\epsilon$ is the only fit parameter. d $B$ and $G$ as a function of $\phi-\phi_c^{\mu}$. Dashed lines are the same fits as in c.[]{data-label="fig:3"}](r_Fig3_v3.eps){width=".92\linewidth"} Thus far, we have examined our experimental system in the context of theoretical predictions for disordered packings at zero temperature. Our particles, however, are thermal with $k_B T/\epsilon \approx 2\times 10^{-6}$. This temperature may seem very low, but recent simulations suggest that thermal effects can dominate even in this range. For example, it has been suggested that similar experiments with PNIPAM systems [@chen10prl; @chen11] have failed to probe the physics of the jamming transition because $k_B T/\epsilon$ is too high. Specifically, the simulations of Ikeda [et al.]{} [@ikeda13jcp] on systems with harmonic repulsions suggest that the scaling behavior of the jamming transition is recovered only for temperatures lying below $k_B T_{Ikeda}^\star/\epsilon \approx 10^{-3}(\phi-\phi_c)^2$. Simulations of Wang and Xu [@wang13] recover jamming scaling for $k_B T_{Wang}^\star/\epsilon \approx 0.2 (\phi-\phi_c)^2$. Note that the same scaling with $\phi-\phi_c$ is observed by both Ikeda et al. and by Wang and Xu; this scaling is determined by the form of the interaction energy. However, the prefactors found by the two groups differ by roughly a factor of 100. This difference in prefactors arises because $T^\star$ is a crossover temperature, not a transition temperature. As a result, it is not well-defined, and the value of the prefactor depends on the measure used. For systems with Hertzian repulsions, such as ours, one would expect $k_B T^\star/\epsilon \sim (\phi-\phi_c)^{5/2}$ with a prefactor that is similar to the harmonic case [@wang13]. For the lowest packing fraction studied, $\phi-\phi_c^\mu \approx 0.012$, giving $k_B T_{Ikeda}^\star/\epsilon \approx 1 \times 10^{-7}$ and $k_B T_{Wang}^\star/\epsilon \approx 3 \times 10^{-5}$, respectively; in this case our measured value satisfies $T_{Ikeda}^\star < T \lesssim T_{Wang}^\star$. Therefore, we should not recover jamming-like behavior according to Ikeda [et al.]{}, but should be at the border of recovering jamming-like behavior according to Wang and Xu. The fact that our results are in quantitative agreement with $T=0$ predictions suggests that the prefactor of Wang and Xu is more consistent with our experimental observations. Further evidence that our experiments can be analyzed in terms of the athermal results is provided by the root-mean-squared displacement, $\Delta r$. In particular, we find that $\Delta r$ is comparable to the estimated particle-particle overlap at the lowest $\phi$ studied, indicating again that this data point is borderline and is about one order of magnitude smaller than particle-particle overlap at the highest $\phi$ [@supple]. Thus, our analysis of the data in terms of the zero-temperature theory is justified, with the possible exception of the lowest $\phi$ data point. To conclude, we have employed colloidal suspensions of temperature-sensitive particles to probe the scaling of the bulk and shear elastic moduli as a function of packing fraction in the vicinity of the jamming transition. The observed scaling behaviors are quantitatively consistent with the predictions of jamming theory for frictional particles. Our results suggest that static friction is important, at least in the concentrated PNIPAM colloidal packings studied here. In granular materials, friction is also important, but thermal effects are negligible; by contrast, for colloidal systems, the interplay of friction and temperature requires exploration. To date, these types of systems are typically interpreted using glass theories at nonzero temperatures without friction or jamming theories (with or without friction) in the athermal limit. Our findings suggest that (soft) colloids belong to a sample class wherein thermal effects and friction effects might need to be considered. In the future it should be possible to manipulate and study such friction effects by changing colloidal particle softness, size, and interaction, as well as to tune from the athermal regime, which describes our results well, to the thermal regime. We thank R. Kamien, T. Lubensky, K. Aptowicz, M. van Hecke, M. Gratale, and M. Lohr for helpful discussions, and gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSF, through the PENN MRSEC DMR11-20901, DMR12-05463, and a Graduate Fellowship (CPG) and from NASA NNX08AO0G. T. S. acknowledges financial support from DAAD. [41]{} natexlab\#1[\#1]{}bibnamefont \#1[\#1]{}bibfnamefont \#1[\#1]{}citenamefont \#1[\#1]{}url \#1[`#1`]{}urlprefix\[2\][\#2]{} \[2\]\[\][[\#2](#2)]{} , , , , **, (). , , (). , , (). , , , , , (). , , , , (). , , (). , , (). , , , *, (). et al., *, (). , , , , (). , , *, (). et al., **, (). et al., **, (). et al., **, (). et al., *, (). , , , , , (). , , , , (). , , , , *, (). et al., *, (). and ,[ ]{}*, (). et al., [ ]{}*, (). , , , (, , ), chap. , pp. . , , , , **, (). See supplemental material at URL: for additional dispersion and DOS. , *, (). et al., *, (). , , , , (). , , , *, (). et al., *, (). , (, , ). , ***, (). et al., **, (). et al., *, (). , , , , (). , , , , , (). , *, (). et al., *, (). , , (). , *, (). et al., *, (), ISSN . , , , , (). , , , , (). , **, ().	{'pile_set_name': 'ArXiv'}
Gokarna Gokarna is a small temple town on the western coast of India in the Kumta taluk of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. It is known as one of the seven important Hindu pilgrimage centers. The temple of Mahabaleshwara is the main tourist attraction for pilgrims coming to Gokarna. Its significance is so high because of the legend associated with it. The temple is dedicated to Shiva and has what is called an atmalingam which is believed to be one of the most powerful lingams. The name Gokarna is made of two words, gau meaning cow and karna meaning ear, translating to cow’s ear. The reason for such a name is associated with its roots in mythology and also its geography. According to one story, the reason for naming this place Gokarna is because it is at the confluence of two rivers Gangavati and Aghanashini and this looks like a cow’s ear. The other, more interesting legend takes us back to mythology. According to this one, Shiva was sent to Patal Lok (under the earth) by Brahma. He later emerged from the earth out a cow’s ear and that is why the name. Being a temple town, Gokarna has many mythological tales associated with it. It is also holds mention in the Shrimad Bhagavata Purana. Hindu mythology says that when Lord Parashurama, the sixth avatar of Lord Vishnu created Kerala, it was from Gokarna to Kanyakumari. Mahabaleshwara Temple As per legend, Ravana was given Atmalinga by Lord Shiva and instructed that it would stay permanently where it is first placed on the land. But Lord Ganesha came in the form of a boy and planted it in Gokarna while Ravana was performing rituals. Once placed Ravana could not remove it from ground, but he removed some pieces of the Linga and threw them in different directions. It resulted in his throwing the coverings of the Linga to Dhareshwara, Gunavanteshwara, Murudeshwara and Shejjeshwar temples. Ravana was unable to lift the linga from the ground again and called the shiva linga as Mahabala, one with great strength, and ever since, the linga is illustrious as Mahabaleshwara. Shiva learnt all these from Vayu Deva, the god of wind, and came on to Earth with Goddess Parvathi devi and his train of Gods, he visited these five places and worshipped the linga which had now taken five forms. He acknowledged that these five places would be his "Pancha Kshetras" (Five Holy Places). Gokarna is an important centre of Sanskrit learning and houses Bhandikeri Math and Toggu Math. It is a place where Sanskrit knowledge is passed down from generations in Brahmin families. Many Hindus perform the last rites here. The Maha Ganapathi Temple is built in honour of the boy Ganapathi, who deceived the demon Ravana by keeping Atmalinga on ground before Ravana returned from sandhyavandana. The deity here is two-armed, standing and is at least 1500 years old. Shree Venkataramana Temple All the temples in Gokarna revolve around the same legend and the people who were part of it. The Shree Venkataramana Temple is no different. It is believed that the very reason Ravana wanted to pray after reaching Gokarna is because Vishnu used his powers to cast a shadow on the sun that make it look like it’s evening. This prompted Ravana to offer his evening prayers even though it was still noon. Therefore, the Shree Venkataramana Temple is dedicated to Vishnu for all his help to make Ravana not have the atmalingam forever. It is said that the temple is at a spot from where Vishnu can see the other temples associated with this legend and also protect the lingam. He watches over these temples to keep them safe just like he played an important part in the story. Kotitheertha is a man-made tank that is used for immersion of idols and ritual bathing. It is surrounded by temples. Shivaratri festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm. The temple has two chariots — named locally as 'Dodda Ratha' (Dodda for big in Kannada) and 'Sanna Ratha' (Sanna for small in Kannada). While Sanna Ratha is out in the open during winter and summer, the Dodda Ratha is brought out and made ready only during Maha Shivaratri. On the last day of the Shivaratri festival the Lord Mahabaleshwara idol is carried in Dodda Ratha in a procession through the town's big Car Street, while priests and pilgrims chant hymns in praise of Shiva. More than 100 people are needed to pull the chariots with thick ropes while priests conduct religious ceremonies inside. During the nine-day festival, the small town of Gokarna is visited by thousands of pilgrims. Site designed, developed and hosted by National Informatics Centre Contents of this website is published and managed by C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre, Chennai Copyright (c) 2011 by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India. All rights reserved.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Do long-time residents get the funk? Thread starter Tanukisan Start date 1 Jun 2017 Tanukisan The funk is that mood or sentiment where a person starts to feel like one is drifting, going nowhere or completely lost. A person who's got the funk will often be depressed, question their reasons for coming or staying along with feeling constantly lonely even when not alone. This could discribe a certain stage of culture shock for people who have been in Japan for a few years, but I wonder if long-time residents of 10 years or more also get the funk. How would such a person cope with the funk, knowing that leaving Japan is not an immediately option? have you or someone you know ever had the funk? How did you/they deal with? 骨も命も皆此の土地に埋めよう I think it probably is a phenomenon more observed among those who find themselves teaching English when they hadn't really planned on it, don't really have a passion for it, and feel like they're stuck doing it if they intend remaining here. There are things in life that bum me out, but none of them are Japan-specific. To the contrary, I can't remember the last time I heard anything out of America that makes me wish I lived there instead of here. I consider myself damned fortunate to be here instead of there. Unswerving cyclist Amen to what Mike has said, the same could be said about Europe too. Most of the few grievances I have encountered were not Japan-related and would / could have occurred anywhere. By the way, I have been teaching languages (though not English) for over a decade and still enjoy it. I reckon it all depends on how deep you allow your roots to grow. I'm surrounded here by most of my friends and my Japanese family and consider this place my home. There simply is no room for "funk". johnnyG I've had to throw out a fair number of shoes over the years, since they had gotten pretty funky. (Some were almost growing roots!) For quite a while, we've had what we call "the laundry room," with a dehumidifier that runs almost 24/7. No funk in there, yet. Mike Cash said: To the contrary, I can't remember the last time I heard anything out of America that makes me wish I lived there instead of here. I consider myself damned fortunate to be here instead of there. Transformer5 I had one friend who came to Japan when he was about 40 with his Japanese wife, but he didn't adapt, didn't learn the language, and ended up boxed off, getting more and more angry. Not learning the language meant he couldn't carry on his previous career, so he ended up stuck doing crappy eikaiwa classes, which he hated. He reached the point where he was threatening violence on his wife and friends. His marriage fell apart and, thankfully, he left and went back home. I've heard other stories of people with similar problems, if not getting angry and violent, then going the other way and getting depressed and withdrawn. I think it boils down to two things: not fulfilling whatever interests and abilities you have, and not engaging with the society. So to sort it out, the person needs to decide on what they really want to do with their life and do it, and get out more maybe. Learning the language can help, and widen your sphere. If someone can't do that and is continuing to have problems, they might be best off going home. Last edited: 1 Jun 2017 The funk is that mood or sentiment where a person starts to feel like one is drifting, going nowhere or completely lost. A person who's got the funk will often be depressed, question their reasons for coming or staying along with feeling constantly lonely even when not alone Yup, I'm sure even long-term residents can feel that way. They may not have planned to stay but are stuck here for some reason (spouse won't/can't relocate is a biggie, but they may also realize they've done something here that doesn't transfer back home, or they've been out of the loop so long back home that they can't fit it again). Others may not have developed a real bond with the country or their job. Some have not learned enough of the language to deal with life here. Some hold too tightly to their own culture and remain frustrated with "microagressions" of Japan's. I know someone who has been here almost 20 years, and complains a lot about "the Japanese" especially the administration where he works. His language skills are good enough, and he has a happy family life here, but he doesn't seem to accept that he works in a culture different from his own. The point now is this: Tanukisan, why do you ask? The reason I ask is because it was and still is difficult for me to imagine that someone who has lived in Japan for 10 years or more might get "the funk". Especially if that person speaks and understands enough Japanese to comfortably live, work and function with mostly or mainly Japanese people in Japanese. Despite this, I still believe that being fluent or near fluent in Japanese; as well as a good understanding of the Japanese cultural mentality does not entirely make one immune to "the funk". It just doesn't make sense that the only people who get "the funk" are eikaiwa or others types in the English teaching racket. They are not the ones who are "stuck". Shaking the funk for these mostly young types is easy. As for my self I came to Japan with no other purpose than to speak Japanese. As far as work, I arrived less than a week after completing a four year degree, never had a real job in my home country. Over here I have done everything from hospitality work, to customer service, construction and yes the English racket. It depends what the real source of "the funk" is. I think all stresses and strains in life are rooted in and derive from survival issues (unhappiness at work, not having enough money, health/physical problems); and/or relationship issues, which may be marriage or family problems, but also problems in your relations with friends, at work, or how you relate to and interact with people in general. These things can change over time as well, so it's not a stretch to imagine someone who's been in Japan a long time developing these problems. The question is whether the issue is related to being in Japan in some way. Is Japan somehow getting in the way of someone doing what they want to do in life, for example, they hit a glass ceiling at work because they're a gaijin? Or do they react to Japanese society in a way that negatively affects them internally (which is a personal thing, not Japan's fault)? nahadef Quietly exploding I have had waves of this, but never got mired in it, since I'm sure I would be more rudderless in my home country. Just the other day I was thinking about life at home ("Do you plan to go back?" is a pretty pretty popular small talk question here), and as I came in my 20s, and am now in my 40s, I just feel like I might as well move to Brazil as back home. I'm fully out of the loop. I love my home, Canada, but feel pretty out of sync with life there, much less the job market. Still, on that odd day, I start to wonder how fun it'll feel to be the single white guy in the old folks home, speaking a second language... maybe I will move back at some point. I have to mention though, teaching English is only a racket if you're faking it. My kid takes weekly piano lessons, and I highly doubt she'll make a career in the live piano market. I would never categorize her teacher as being in the piano racket. Japan is loaded with cooking schools, full of students who will never be chefs, and they aren't in the cooking racket. Teaching English is only a racket if you're a fraud. So be a real teacher if that's what you're doing. The reason I ask is because it was and still is difficult for me to imagine that someone who has lived in Japan for 10 years or more might get "the funk". How long have you been here? Are you asking this question because you are afraid it might hit you? If you're as content as you say, I don't know why this issue would bother you. Besides, you came with a distinct goal in mind, one that can continue to be met as you learn the language. Another reasons some might get the funk is gender. Many women have a hard time dealing with relationships with Japanese men (and women). Despite this, I still believe that being fluent or near fluent in Japanese; as well as a good understanding of the Japanese cultural mentality does not entirely make one immune to "the funk". It just doesn't make sense that the only people who get "the funk" are eikaiwa or others types in the English teaching racket. I don't think I ever said that. Now, as for the "English teaching racket", just what are you referring to? I'd be a bit upset if you meant me. Not all English teaching careers or positions are rackets. Clarification, please. They are not the ones who are "stuck". Shaking the funk for these mostly young types is easy How would you know? I thought asking your question was an attempt to find out the answer in the first place. And what age are "young types" in your mind? I came to teach in my 40s! Besides, there are some who (like you) came right out of college and have few transferrable skills to back home after they've stayed here 5-10 years and done little beyond eikaiwa. During that period I've seen quite a few people complaining about the work environment, yet they have nothing else to sustain them here, and they don't seem bent on improving their chances at better/different employment here. A lot of eikaiwa or ALT dispatch types are just here to make money to pay for their fun, not to learn how to teach. Higher education (university) has its problems, too, since most jobs are part-time, which means unless you get very lucky to land a tenured slot (and not all of them are great slots), you will have to face bouncing from contract to contract, which leads to a funk at times. Tanukisan said: Especially if that person speaks and understands enough Japanese to comfortably live, work and function with mostly or mainly Japanese people in Japanese. How many anglophone foreigners do you know who fit that description? Western foreigners in Japan tend to be largely self-isolating and to be masters at excusing themselves from learning Japanese. Again, how many anglophones do you know who fit that description? No one ever said they are. They are not the ones who are "stuck". You're not reading carefully enough. I never said that people who teach English are all stuck teaching English and that they all get the blues because of it. I said that the subset of the English teaching community who are stuck doing it (because they didn't prepare themselves for any other means of supporting themselves here) and who are remaining here are more likely to get bummed out. Those are two very different things. Shaking the funk for these mostly young types is easy. You're 34. You're one of the young types. Since most of the western foreigners who come here to live/work do so after graduating college, the youngest they would tend to be and still meet your arbitrary ten year point is 32. You don't have a whole lot more gray in your whiskers than they do. What you really seem to be asking about here is not whether remaining in Japan a decade or more makes one immune from getting the blues in general but rather whether it means they have passed the point where they have misgivings whether remaining here was/is the right choice in particular...and shouldn't they be putting this extended post-college play period behind them and getting back to "the world" (as my fellow sailors called it). If that's what you're really getting at, then there are typically two milestones at which foreigners start to second guess their continued presence in Japan: 1) when their children are about to enter elementary school and they are leery of putting them into a regular Japanese school and 2) when they're somewhere around the age of thirty. As for my self I came to Japan with no other purpose than to speak Japanese. How long did it take for the novelty of that to wear off? As far as work, I arrived less than a week after completing a four year degree, never had a real job in my home country. Over here I have done everything from hospitality work, to customer service, construction and yes the English racket. And what do you find yourself doing now and is it what you want to be doing? You've got a degree whose freshness date expired a decade ago, presumably no degree-related work experience to offer to prospective employers even if you weren't in Japan, and it is a well-known phenomenon that nobody back home will care that you banged around in Japan for several years and that there aren't a lot of employment doors it will open. We know from another thread that you have three private English students and are trying to build that into an English school. No matter what kind of business a fellow tries to start, a clientele base that small has to lead to some nervous misgivings. So it sounds like you're starting to realize that while you have been enjoying life in Japan you have simultaneously day by day been painting yourself into a corner. The funk you speak of really comes down to wondering whether you're stuck in Japan or not more than it does wondering whether you're stuck in English teaching or not. And it essentially comes down to deciding whether you are an expat who just keeps extending his stay for yet another year...or whether you are an immigrant. Deciding that you are an immigrant does wonders to free you from periodic bouts of expat funk. People do get stuck in the eikaiwa business. I've seen some people do it long-term and be quite happy and content with it, whereas other people get lonely and withdrawn, depressed, go weird, or start drinking a lot. Being in a different culture and language can bring out issues that would normally be contained in your home culture (on top of being negatively affected by not doing what you really want to do with your life, and being stuck in a crappy job, as I've mentioned above). I've known people who came to Japan and got into the English-teaching game and ended up in it long-term because they didn't know what else to do with their life, couldn't be bothered doing anything else, or they were doing it to hide from other issues with themselves, perhaps a fear of facing up to the big responsibilities of life, like getting a long-term career and sorting out your financial situation, getting married, having kids, getting a pension and so on. I've got a couple of friends who were like that, who spent several years boozing, partying and shagging to hide from these bigger responsibilities. Sooner or later though, you have to face up to these things. The longer you leave them to fester and go unresolved, the more they'll gnaw away at you, and the harder they'll become to sort out. Drinking and partying won't help and won't make it go away. RolandtheHeadless Actually I've got the funk because I'm at home. A year ago I was hunting in Africa. I wish I was back there. I'm curious why ex-pats would prefer living in Japan to living in their home countries. I like visiting Japan, but would probably not want to live there for more than a year or two. RolandtheHeadless said: I think the old analogy of the reaction of a frog to being slowly boiled versus being dropped into a pot of boiling water probably applies here. There have been generational changes in the time I've been here, but since I was here for all of them I've had time to adapt to them, probably without even noticing they took place at all. On the other hand, America has undergone such radical generational changes in the same time...none of which I was present for or have any direct exposure to (or even indirect exposure, as I have zero American acquaintances in this country in real life)...that as far as I'm concerned the America I once knew has entirely ceased to exist and is no longer there for me to go back to even if I wanted to, which I don't. The America of 2017 would be as utterly foreign to me at this point as the far side of the moon. As far as I can tell, the whole country has lost its collective goddamned mind. I no longer even pretend to understand the country. But I'm an immigrant to Japan, not an expat from America, so take that for what it's worth. I'm curious why ex-pats would prefer living in Japan to living in their home countries. I can't speak for anyone else. My wife won't get on a plane or boat. She is closer to her friends and family than I am to mine, with minor exceptions. It's easier for me to survive here than for her in my home country. And, due to the circumstances of my leaving my country, it is vocationally difficult for me to return. Besides, at any point since I came here, I had no house/apartment, vehicle, insurance, etc. back "home", so it would be financially taxing to start completely anew. edit: harashin--don't try to read this. As soon as he began to amalate the noeme, the clemise began to smother her and they fell into hydromuries, into savage ambonies, into exasperating sustales. Each time that he tried to relamate the hairincrops, he became entangled in a whining grimate and had to face up to envulsioning the novalisk, feeling how little by little the arnees would spejune, were becoming peltronated, redoblated, until they were stretched out like the ergomanine trimalciate which drops a few filures of cariacone. And it was still only the beginning, because right away she tordled her hurgales, allowing him gently to bring up his orfelunes. No sooner had they cofeathered than something like a ulucord encrestored them, extrajuxed them, and paramoved them, suddenly it was the clinon, the sterfurous convulcant of matericks, the slobberdigging raimouth of the orgumagopause. Evohé! Evohé! Volposited on the crest of a murelium, they felt themselves being balparammed, perplumes were overcome, and everything resolved into a profound pinex, into niolames of argutentic gauzes, into almost cruel cariniers which ordopained them to the limit of their gumphies. (translated from Spanish) Personally, my gumphies have always seemed unlimited. Japan has some advantages. It's probably the safest country on the planet, it's generally clean, and it's orderly. Things tend to run on time and work properly, and if things do break down, they're on the case quickly to sort it out. There's also outdoor activities, being close to the beaches in the summer or skiing in winter, for people who like that sort of thing. These things could be a factor in someone deciding to stay longer-term, though I don't know that I've ever met anyone who stayed and settled in Japan first and foremost because they prefer the country to their home country. It may be a combination of that and being able to pursue their chosen career in Japan, and/or getting married. The other reason people stay in Japan, as I said above (and this can be the case with English/eikaiwa teachers), is to fill a gap and hide from other issues. Perhaps they don't want to settle down in a job or marriage, so they just carry on teaching English, perhaps to buzz off the superstar/superstud image that being a gaijin and English teacher in Japan can bring with it. Or else they don't know what else to do, or can't do anything else. As with many other countries, you do see aging TEFL teachers stuck in dead-end TEFL jobs in Japan, going slowly insane, perhaps also turning into alcoholics and destroying their liver. Posting from the UK regarding why people choose to permanently remain in Japan carries all the weight of my posting what it would be like to be a girl in Botswana. Thinking that the buzz of thinking one's self a superstar/superstud merely for being a foreigner or an English teacher is a lasting phenomenon makes me doubt that you remained in Japan yourself beyond the six months or so it takes for that to wear off. Any foreigner who can manage to think his being a foreigner in Japan confers rock star status on him beyond that period is delusional . Thinking that the buzz of thinking one's self a superstar/superstud merely for being a foreigner or an English teacher is a lasting phenomenon makes me doubt that you remained in Japan yourself beyond the six months or so it takes for that to wear off. Any foreigner who can manage to think his being a foreigner in Japan confers rock star status on him beyond that period is delusional or mentally ill. You really are an ignoramus. I lived in Japan for 10 years and will be returning. Last edited by a moderator: 8 Jun 2017 I wonder if long-time residents of 10 years or more also get the funk. I think the answer to that is a resounding "yes", given the responses of the old git above. He's a sterling example of the kind of misery that long-term gaijin residents in Japan can sink into. How would such a person cope with the funk, knowing that leaving Japan is not an immediately option? I think he may be suffering from over-identifying with Japanese culture, and shunning and dissing his own, which manifests itself by him coming on here slaughtering all and sundry, in all his miserable glory. You're best off giving these people as wide a berth as possible. They'll only drag you down to their level. OoTmaster Pretty much. The America of 2017 is utterly foreign to me and I've lived here all my life (which I may have been born before or after you left depending on when that was) Being in my late 20s I remember an America where we weren't worried about all this political correctness stuff they seem to be so worried with now. Also when I was a kid you disciplined your child and they didn't have a smart phone before they could start talking. (mostly because there weren't smartphones) Sometimes I think back and think maybe it's all nostalgia but I watch shows from the same time and they're completely different in culture from the ones we have today. As you likely remember I visited Japan recently for a month. If I wouldn't have to adjust to a new work environment not sure I would have left Japan if I had the option. Transformer5 said: Luckily, I've never met in person someone as miserable as that (or they had the sense of shame to keep it to themselves). But the number of longtimers here has dramatically increased. Most of my foreign friends here are married and settled, over 35. And nobody complains about Japan or about life here much... Those people go back home soon enough. If you're unhappy, you have to make a change. OoTmaster said: The America of 2017 is utterly foreign to me and I've lived here all my life (which I may have been born before or after you left depending on when that was) Being in my late 20s I remember an America where we weren't worried about all this political correctness stuff they seem to be so worried with now. No, you were just another straight white guy living in a bubble that privileged you. Ask your many minority friends how they felt about living in America 20 years ago. I lived in Japan for 10 years Are we meant to be impressed by that? nahadef said: straight white guy living in a bubble that privileged you. Said the bitter straight white guy living in a bubble that privileges him... I'm not bitter, but yes, I am privileged, which is why I have made great efforts in my life to learn and understand beyond my upbringing. It's a lot more important for us white guys to call out privilege within our group than outsiders. Reform comes from the inside. You wouldn't get that sort of thing though, living below your troll bridge, dolloping out your own personal frustration to all. I wish the best of luck in finding some small amount of happiness in your life. Do Japanese women make good wives? Paint_Black Nihongo ga jouzu desu ne! What the?! Emoni Osaka21 What do you like about living in Japan? Vincent3	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6210570335388184, 'wiki_prob': 0.37894296646118164, 'source': 'cc/2023-06/en_middle_0032.json.gz/line1215737'}
= Exclusive content for American Express Platinum Card® members. ? Home » Dispatch » A new flagship on madison avenue By Ingrid Skjong \| Shopping Courtesy of Anya Hindmarch For handbag and accessories designer Anya Hindmarch, opening her new flagship on Madison Avenue in New York meant much more than simply filling a room with inventory. “I want people to feel comfortable, curious and loved!” exclaims the British designer, whose first store on London’s Walton Street, opened in 1987, paved the way for her 58 current locations worldwide. The boutique, a move from her original NYC shop on East 60th Street, is the first in the United States to house both her seasonal and bespoke collections. The entire store has the feel of an artist’s studio, thanks to British architect/interior designer Ilse Crawford (the catalyst behind projects like Ett Hem hotel in Stockholm and Soho House New York). It’s a creative ambiance that was no accident. “I wanted to recreate the sense of the design studio and have the craftsmen working in the store to reconnect the customer to how things are made,” says Hindmarch. “People have become too removed from the process. The craftsmen are the heroes in luxury, not the celebrities wearing the product.” The custom arm—situated on the second floor of the two-story space—houses a workshop and craftspeople, who personalize leather pieces (boxes, wallets, luggage, key fobs) with messages, names, photographs or drawings in front of customers. Hindmarch would have it no other way. “It is about sealing a moment in time and making something to treasure,” she says. 795 Madison Ave.; anyahindmarch.com. Arts + Culture (66) Dinner Out (1) Dispatch (1) Fitness + Travel (4) Food + Wine (1) Home + Design (8) Miami Art Basel (17) Openings (1) Philanthropy, New York (1) T.V. (2) The Magazine (1) Whims (8) Winter Sport (1) Departures Promotions View Terms of Service and Privacy Statement. Ad Choices All users of our online services subject to Privacy Statement and agree to be bound by Terms of Service. Please review. © 2021 American Express Company. All rights reserved. Departures® is published by Meredith Corporation Travel & Leisure Group, a subsidiary of Meredith Corporation. Departures is a trademark of American Express Marketing & Development Corp. and is used under limited license. Meredith Corporation Travel & Leisure Group is not affiliated with American Express Company or its subsidiaries.	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.9581121802330017, 'wiki_prob': 0.9581121802330017, 'source': 'cc/2021-04/en_middle_0043.json.gz/line361067'}
RSS News Feeds Kerry's Troubled Campaign By Howard Kurtz Washington Post Staff Writer Monday, November 15, 2004; 8:56 AM Teresa Heinz Kerry hardly suffered from a lack of media attention during the presidential campaign. But if a lengthy, behind-the-scenes Newsweek piece is on the mark, press accounts failed to reflect the degree to which she was a disruptive force in her husband's campaign who often looked "sullen," was deemed a "hypochondriac" by the staff and had a knack for "silencing a cheering crowd." "On the campaign bus," Newsweek reports, "there had been constant talk of marital spats between the candidate and his wife. . . . Though they kept Teresa's sometimes erratic behavior out of their copy, when they were speaking among themselves . . . the reporters were increasingly vocal in mocking the candidate's wife." It is difficult for daily journalists covering a candidate to report on the personal travails and staff infighting that envelop most campaigns. Some reporters who traveled with John Kerry said these stories are hard to pin down because campaign officials refused to discuss such details on the record. Others said it was risky to write stories that would alienate not just the candidate but the staffers on whom reporters depend for news. "There were hints in the daily coverage that Kerry had problems with being decisive and Teresa was not completely helpful," says Evan Thomas, who wrote the Newsweek article. "But I don't think anybody tried to step back and look at the pattern of it. The press has gotten so consumed with the day-to-day that they've forgotten about or become uninterested in the whole Teddy White approach to reconstruction." But Chicago Tribune correspondent Jill Zuckman says: "A lot of these things just don't happen in plain view of reporters. And few people within the campaign were willing or able to discuss the state of the candidate's marriage. The only thing that was apparent was that Senator Kerry's wife tended to put crowds to sleep while speaking, and I think that was captured in the profiles written about her." Newsweek (which is owned by The Washington Post Co.) got special access for seven reporters segregated from its regular coverage by promising not to publish the article -- part of a forthcoming book -- until after Election Day. President Bush's campaign granted less access and periodically booted Newsweek staffers from its Arlington headquarters, once for reporting on an off-the-record campaign party. Among the magazine's findings: Kerry was both "cranky" and more indecisive than he was portrayed by the media. "I couldn't get the man to make decisions," said former campaign manager Jim Jordan. As late as days before the Democratic convention, Kerry was still "dithering" and presiding over endless discussions on whether to abandon public financing for the fall campaign before deciding against private fundraising. Top aides grew so tired of Kerry continuing to seek advice on issues they considered settled that they took away his cell phone. Kerry "never did learn how to deliver a speech" and was privately counseled by Washington speech coach Michael Sheehan on shifting to "a more conversational style." Ted Kennedy told Kerry he used "too much Senatese," and the candidate's daughter, Alexandra, tried to get Steven Spielberg to intervene. Kerry would cross out his speechwriters' most pithy lines as too "slogany." Teresa Kerry was a major "distraction" who "demanded everyone's attention, including her husband's." During the primaries she told Jordan: "I want you to issue a challenge for me to debate Howard Dean." On a Grand Canyon hike meant to provide footage of a happy family vacation, "Teresa was soon complaining of migraines" as the candidate kept pulling along "his sullen wife and children." Later, Kerry confidant John Sasso told her that she was being too critical of her husband and depressing his spirits. Reporters said last week that the billionaire heiress was banished to travel on her own before they could write about her impact. By the fall, Kerry was "unhappy" with senior advisers Robert Shrum and Tad Devine and "annoyed" with communications director Stephanie Cutter, described as too slow-moving and the target of frequent complaints by the traveling press corps. Several Kerry aides call the depiction of Cutter unfair, with senior adviser Joe Lockhart saying: "She had a Herculean task and overall did a very good job." In early September, CNN commentator James Carville said in a meeting with campaign manager Mary Beth Cahill and the newly hired Lockhart that if Cahill didn't give Lockhart effective control of the operation, the ragin' Cajun would go on "Meet the Press" the next day "and tell the truth about how bad it is." And when Lockhart, the former Clinton White House spokesman, began controlling the campaign's message, longtime Kerry loyalists complained that he and other Clinton veterans were "burnishing their reputations" by taking credit in the press for the campaign's positive moves. Such criticism about leaks nearly prompted Lockhart to quit within days. Both campaigns are disputing some details. Kerry aides say Cutter never grabbed a shotgun and dramatically aimed it at the sky during a Kerry skeet-shooting event in Iowa. Steve Schmidt, the Bush camp's rapid-response chief, has told Newsweek he never dubbed himself Patton, as the magazine reported, or marched through the halls yelling "Kill! Kill! Kill!" Kerry press secretary David Wade says he doesn't recognize the portrait of his boss: "Having been written off twice, during the primaries and after the Republican convention, we battled back and came within 60,000 votes of winning the presidency." Had Kerry prevailed, Wade says, the piece would have chronicled "how we did everything brilliantly." Or would it? Thomas recalls chatting with Newsweek Editor Mark Whitaker as exit polls pointed to a Kerry victory. "We just laughed and said, 'Oh my God, we have this piece that says the Kerry campaign was pretty badly run. What if he wins?' We just sort of shrugged." It was shortly before 11 p.m. Wednesday -- while Ted Koppel was home in Potomac -- that the world learned of Yasser Arafat's death. "Nightline" began at 11:35 with an introduction using footage from the battle for Fallujah -- but then Koppel's voice was heard, from what was clearly a phone call, saying: "Yasser Arafat has died. . . . Here's a background report on the Palestinian leader's life and times." The anchor, meanwhile, had raced in to ABC's downtown Washington bureau, undoubtedly testing the speed limit, and was in the chair a few minutes after the show began to introduce previously taped pieces about Arafat's passing. Fallujah was history. "You don't want to put a show in the can saying 'he's dead' and just run it," says executive producer Leroy Sievers. "To turn something around that fast, we felt pretty good about it." Miami Herald columnist and novelist Carl Hiaasen gives his paper, and parent company Knight Ridder, a dose of reality therapy: "Anyone who can look you in the eye and tell you the Miami Herald of 2004 is as good as it was in 1984 is out of their skull. It's palpable, the difference is palpable," he tells Miami New Times. "I don't blame the Herald. I blame Knight Ridder. There's plenty of good talent there, plenty of good editors, all the ingredients. But when you're not in charge of the money, when you're getting memos that say 'cut here, cut there,' you're screwed. Short of quitting, what do you do? It's amazing what they still do given how the budget has shrunk, the staff has shrunk, the news hole has shrunk. But it's really silly pretending it's the same paper it used to be." Ryan Lizza does some good digging into the Kerry campaign for this New Republic post-mortem: "The largest caucus of recriminators, one that spans ideological boundaries and includes critics from every corner of the party, argues that Kerry failed to offer a compelling message. As Kerry seemed to realize in his speech Saturday night, the no-message critique is congealing into conventional wisdom. I heard it in every conceivable permutation from almost everyone I interviewed. 'I don't know that we ever knew what it was we were saying about George W. Bush,' says one senior member of the team, whose job it was to come up with a message about Bush. "It was a problem that plagued the campaign as soon as they stumbled, penniless, from the primaries into the general election. 'When we got into the general, nobody knew how to go against Bush,' says a senior campaign official. '[Senior adviser Bob] Shrum and [pollster Mark] Mellman built this strategy against Bush, 'Stronger at home, respected in the world.' What does that mean? We never even had strategy memos.' By the fall, things were no better. 'If there was a clear message in September about why you elect Kerry and defeat Bush, most of the people in the campaign were unaware of it,' says one senior strategist hired late in the campaign. "The lack of message clarity hurt morale and sapped support for Kerry among his own people. 'One thing I would always tell people is that I don't know [manure] about John Kerry,' says a campaign official. 'I had an opportunity to work on his campaign last December and I said, "Well, I don't really know that guy." I still don't. I don't know what he stood for, other than an alternative to George Bush.' That Kerry lacked a clear message isn't just a convenient postelection critique. It was a mantra during the campaign. Says a junior staffer, 'I remember one day [Joe] Lockhart saying, after watching the evening news, 'We have no message.'' It didn't help that the Bush team was extremely effective in pushing its own message. 'I don't think we ever came up with a frame to define Bush in the way they did with Kerry,' says a senior official. 'They woke up every day and said, "We're going to call John Kerry a flip-flopper." We did not wake up every day and call Bush X. " We never gave voters a positive reason to vote for Kerry.'" The Boston Globe begins its big what-went-wrong extravaganza this way: "On the afternoon of Aug. 9, John F. Kerry stood on the lip of the Grand Canyon, about to make one of the biggest mistakes of his three-year quest for the presidency. A stiff wind was blowing across the canyon, and Kerry, whose hearing was damaged by gun blasts in Vietnam, had trouble understanding some of the questions being thrown his way. But he pressed on, coughing from the pollen blowing on the breeze. "Would Kerry have voted to authorize the use of force in Iraq, one reporter asked, even if he knew then that Iraq didn't have weapons of mass destruction? 'Yes, I would have voted for the authority; I believe it's the right authority for a president to have,' Kerry replied, as aides stood by, dumbfounded. . . . "Back in Washington, the Bush campaign pounced: Kerry now agrees with the president! Bush media strategist Mark McKinnon crowed about Kerry's 'forced error,' while the president repeated Kerry's answer over and over on the campaign trail and the GOP later advertised the Democrat's varied Iraq statements. 'How can John Kerry protect us,' the narrator in those ads intoned, 'when he doesn't even know where he stands?' "Now, as Kerry campaign strategists try to fathom his Nov. 2 loss, one word emerges out of the rubble: war. History suggested the difficulties of beating a wartime president, even one with a job approval rating under 50 percent. But Kerry's own tortured relationship to war, dating to his youth, enabled the GOP to portray him as weak and inconsistent." "Having written my first 'Whither The Democrats?' piece more than 20 years ago and followed it with too many other withering rants about the donkeys, I have little appetite this time to do it again. After all, the Democrats took flagrantly responsible stands on the two most important issues of the election: in favor of muscular multilateralism abroad and fiscal responsibility at home. "John Kerry ran an honorable, if not entirely competent campaign, while the Republicans skimmed the outskirts of the acceptable with their nonstop negativity. And why give ammunition to oleaginous telecharlatans, like James Dobson of Focus on the Family, who have been puffing all over the airwaves since Nov. 2 demanding their pound of policy flesh? "And yet . . . The Democrats do have a problem. It was partly illuminated by the exit polling, in which 22% of respondents said they voted, primarily, on 'moral values,' and was reinforced by a subsequent Pew Research poll, in which the number rose to 27%... "Nuance surfing and windsurfing and Kerry's diffidence about his faith were as damaging to Democrats as homosexuality and abortion. But blaming Kerry avoids the real dilemma. The Democrats have lost a good slice of less educated, less wealthy white Protestant and Catholic voters. Their economic issues are not nearly as compelling as the Republicans' religious appeal." David Broder rarely takes on a fellow pundit, but here the Washington Post columnist does exactly that: "Some of my colleagues in the pundit business have become unhinged by the election results. The always diverting Maureen Dowd of the New York Times suggested the other day that 'the forces of darkness' are taking over the country. The voters' confirmation of Republican-led government brings with it 'a scary, paranoid, regressive reality,' Dowd said, with 'strains of isolationism, nativism, chauvinism, puritanism and religious fanaticism.' After a campaign of 'blatant distortions and character assassination,' Republicans have returned to Washington bent on 'messing with our psyches' and punishing 'society's most vulnerable: the poor, the sick, the sexually different.' "I know that many agree with that view. But before throwing yourself over a cliff or emigrating to Sweden, consider a couple of things. "George W. Bush was reelected by 51 percent of the people. His first significant action following Election Day was to retain Andrew Card, a Massachusetts-based business moderate, as his chief of staff. His second was to accept the resignation of John Ashcroft, the hero of the religious right and the favorite bogeyman of civil libertarians, as attorney general." "Did John Kerry run a poor campaign? Yes. Kerry never articulated where he stood on Iraq or, more importantly, how--exactly--he would be tougher than Bush in the war on terror. Every other issue--from taxes to gay marriage--is frosting. Had Kerry emulated John McCain's handling of his Vietnam record, taken a single position on Iraq, and come up with a single, detailed plan for combating terrorism, he might have won. "Was Kerry a bad candidate? No. I have to assume that many of these critics never actually followed the candidate around, because close-up, Kerry was a pretty good candidate. I saw Kerry blow away crowds in New Hampshire. He gave a very good convention speech. He was excellent in the first presidential debate (but for the 'global test' line, which haunted him afterwards). His day-to-day performance on the stump was also very fine--I saw him handle tough questions from voters with aplomb; and when he was interacting with a crowd, his rich and haughty caricature disappeared completely. "And let's not forget his résumé: Volunteered for service in Vietnam, saw combat, served as a prosecutor and then for two decades as a United States senator. In many ways, Kerry was a better candidate than Bush. "Was there a better Democrat in the field? Maybe. Dick Gephardt would have been a formidable opponent for President Bush--and perhaps a better candidate than Kerry. But he's about it. Joe Lieberman had a better chance of winning the Republican nomination. Howard Dean would have been an unmitigated disaster. Ditto the not-ready-for-prime-time Wesley Clark, and the oddball Sharpton/Kucinich show. "And how about that John Edwards? If his performance as a vice presidential candidate is any indication, he might have been as bad for the Democrats as Dean. Edwards's only electoral victory came in his 1998 Senate race against a 70-year-old first-term senator. Then he lost every presidential primary save South Carolina, delivered a disappointing convention speech, was beaten in the vice presidential debate, and was an ineffective campaigner for Kerry down the stretch. His supposed strength was that he could connect with Southerners, but forget carrying his home state: Edwards couldn't even carry his home precinct. Never has so large a reputation been created by so little actual success." Faint praise, perhaps, but better than what Kerry has been getting from the liberals.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
California (The Electric Prunes album) California is the seventh album by The Electric Prunes, released in 2004 and featuring founding members James Lowe, Ken Williams, and Mark Tulin. The tracks on the album revolve around the Summer of Love in California and life after it. James Lowe's vocals are limited due to his age, but they still fit with the instrumentals on the tracks. Track listing All tracks composed by James Lowe and Mark Tulin. Sideshow Charade – 3:39 49 Songs – 3:44 I Never Knew What You Wanted – 3:36 Makin' Some Noise – 3:07 Pacific Ocean Blue – 4:56 I'll Drag You Home – 2:40 Rosy Made Me Crazy – 3:52 Transient Absolution – 3:55 Tidal Wave – 4:47 Rewired – 3:49 Running with Scissors – 4:32 The Rickenbacker 12 String – 6:40 Cinema Verite' – 7:22 Personnel The Electric Prunes James Lowe – vocals, guitar, harmonica Mark Tulin – bass Ken Williams – lead guitar Joe Dooley – drums Mark Moulin – rhythm guitar Additional musicians Peter Lewis – 12 string guitar (tracks 12-13), acoustic guitar (track 1), baritone guitar (track 9), background vocals (tracks 1-3, 5, 7, 10, 12-13) Bandshee Meeks – background vocals (tracks 1, 13) Frank Palmer – fretless bass (track 13) Jim Tamborello – saxophone, horns (tracks 9, 13) Ian van der Molen – drums (tracks 1-3, 6-7, 12) Technical James Lowe – producer, engineer Mark Tulin – producer Tony Ripartetti – mastering Randy Luczak – design Rudi "Fuzztone" Protrudi – cover art Pamela Lowe – photography References External links aural-innovations revue. Classicrock revue. Category:The Electric Prunes albums Category:2004 albums	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
B-Town B-Town is the name given to an indie music scene based in the Digbeth area of Birmingham, United Kingdom. Some local commentators have suggested the term is an invention by London based journalists to talk the wider Birmingham music scene up as a fad, pointing out that "there have been bands going strong in Birmingham for years" and highlighting the variety and strength in depth of the music being created in the city. Evil Alien – a band who have been identified with the scene – have criticised it as "just media hype and a silly name somebody has given it all", commenting that "B-Town is the worst nickname for this great city I have ever heard and it makes me cringe every time I hear it". In July 2013 Cavan McCarthy of Swim Deep claimed that the term started off as a joke, invented by himself and Harry Koisser of Peace while driving back into Birmingham from outside the city, and that "now everyone says it and we’re a bit embarrassed about it". Critics have pointed out that many of the scene's leading bands don't sound very similar, though others have identified a common element as how the bands "all incorporate a slightly flippant attitude to their music, not concentrating on polishing their records to perfection, but playing for the joy of creating music and for entertaining their audiences." The NME has commented how "nonchalance courses through the scene’s veins like quicksilver ... some scenes come roaring out of the traps; B-Town seemed to roll out of bed, insular and uncontrived, smirking at its own in-jokes, smelling faintly of K cider and intent on nothing loftier than the pursuit of a laugh." B-Town bands include: Peace Swim Deep JAWS Superfood The Grey Quotes The Assist The Cosmics Riscas Sugarthief Spilt Milk Society Mad Sounds The Lizards The Real Cool References Category:Music in Birmingham, West Midlands Category:Alternative rock genres Category:English styles of music Category:British rock music genres	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
Q: Convert 1 zip file into multiple via SSH i have 1 zip file in my FTP with 10GB i must convert it into multiple zip files, for example 10 zip files with 1GB each. how can i do this via SSH? thx =) A: You should look at the man page of zipsplit which is usually installed along with zip. zipsplit -n size zipfile in your case zipsplit -n 1073741824 zipfile	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
News \| Fundraising Most Annoying Fundraising Thursday, 21st May 2015 at 9:19 am Almost one in two people in Britain find it “very annoying” to be asked to give to charity on their doorstep or over the telephone, according to new research. Thursday, 21st May 2015 A third of people also dislike being approached to sign up to a charity in the street, with collection buckets the preferred way to be asked for money according to the latest report from research consultancy, nfpSynergy. The research revealed that 48 per cent of people find doorstep and telephone fundraising very annoying and only one in 10 say they understand it’s an effective way to raise money. Telephone fundraising also has the highest "net annoyance score" (40 per cent), a rating that takes into account both those annoyed by a particular fundraising method and those who understand its effectiveness. The survey found that 35 per cent of people say they are very annoyed about being approached by a street fundraiser and over a quarter are bothered by text messages asking for cash. Other methods that irritate the public include mail outs or letters (22 per cent), emails (20 per cent) and online adverts (14 per cent). The new data, based on a survey of 1,000 British adults, did show that some fundraising methods sit well with the public. Over a third were happy to be asked to donate as they pass collection tins or charity buckets, while around one in five are happy with leaflets or television adverts. People were also asked how they would want to be asked to give. Just over a quarter said they preferred via street cash collections and TV adverts, while around one in seven favoured leaflets and emails. “This data is yet another sobering reminder of the irritation fundraising can cause and it’s become all too tempting to chase that extra pound without worrying about the long term damage,” nfpSynergy’s chief Joe Saxton said. “The good news is, it is possible to change how people see fundraising. A decade ago, street collections were widely despised, but now a fifth of people understand they’re effective, even if they don’t really like them,” he said. “Charities simply must listen to donors and the public because ignoring today’s irritation only makes it more difficult to raise funds tomorrow.” Tags : Britain, Fundraising, nfpSynergy, Research, Merger hopes to see fundraising transformed globally Monday, 1st July 2019 at 4:04 pm Charities take fundraising into their own hands Tuesday, 18th June 2019 at 8:28 am Game of Thrones fandom for a cause Saturday, 8th June 2019 at 12:00 pm Giving hope: The journey of the for-purpose organisation and its quest for success Friday, 7th June 2019 at 10:16 am	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.5144864916801453, 'wiki_prob': 0.48551350831985474, 'source': 'cc/2019-30/en_head_0012.json.gz/line238555'}
Just wondering what others have observed about different styles of escrima and their suitability in full contact engagements. I have more experience with corto range arts, and am expanding into largo. I have done a fair bit of full contact sparring (with and without different levels of protective gear). I have always been a "purist" enthusiast, meaning if one studies Doce Pares (for example), and an independent observer can watch their movement and technique and determine independently what their background is, they are faithful to their teaching. I have trained in rigid environments where all of the technique disappears in a fight and looks nothing like the original style. Then I wonder, what's the point of training lIke this if the training is not evident in application? I have also trained in environments where there is no clear "pedigree" and notice there is a lack of understanding in movements that are borrowed liberally from others. I have intentionally used very stylized technique in fights before simply to see if the technique is valid under stress. I have also trained with groups who do not test their technique under stress at all, but they sure look pretty fluid in training! But a determined, aggressive opponent makes years of their training disappear. Do others feel certain styles are more suitable for fighting? Is hybridized technique, and not purist constructs, the most realistic solution? Is style more important that methodology and intent in training, or vice versatile? Is there any point in studying a single style/system? There seems to be no truly successful MMA purist, but definitely fighters with strong foundations that branch out to supplement their game. Has anyone seen fighters with little to no formal escrima training fight successfully in full contact events? If so, were they relying on other skill sets? Just curious. My journey continues and I appreciate the nuanced input of others! I have been cross training with some Pekiti oriented folks, though they are not exclusively Pekiti. Which kind of lends itself to the question about "purists" and faith to an art. Which may, in itself, be a silly concern when one considers the non rigid formation of some of the arts and the tendency of some of the masters to accentuate their own flavor than to adhere to a strict set. My balintawak looks quite a bit different from my close friend's, but you can still see we are playing a similar concept. What distresses me is to see another corto ranged stylists abandon vertical structures, or their live hand under stress and revert to something that relies on athleticism or other physical attributes than stylized technique. I really enjoyed a DBMA video of Mr. Pallen sparring, and LOVED how he took a minute to get settled but eventually demonstrated a really nice defensive structure indicative of Cebuano stylists. I really appreciated his willingness to "test" things out too, and liked seeing him adapt his existing skill sets to a new stress. Ultimately, the outcome of an encounter is most important, though the methods used can be pretty damn important too! I definitely like the Pekiti flow, and their work at largo range forces me to be committed to entering into corto, where I feel pretty comfortable. But man, on the outside I demonstrate NOTHING similar to my corto base and rely on attributes rather than technique. I don't however feel that I'm cheating the art... I just don't have as much to use out there. But if I DO adopt a skill set on the outside, from Pekiti, for example, am I being untrue to either? If that makes sense... And does faith to an art even matter? But if you aren't committed to the skill set trained in an art, then what the hell is the sense in spending hours doing it for? If an art encourages practicing a particular drill, but that drill NEVER has application under stress, does it have any real value? I have seen very skilled corto stylists, whose close range drills are beautifully honed, demonstrate NONE of it under stress, and wonder, why didn't they just practice something else that would encourage an athletic skill set if that's what they will use in a fight? All of the training meant nothing in an encounter! Thanks for the input! I really appreciate the learned advice and comments from others on this forum! My understanding is that though traditionally it is true that material was passed down from father or uncle to the next generation and as such could be considered a family style, ultimately it evolved with every generation. The only reason material was passed down was that it worked. The next generation was meant to take what they had learned 'and make it theirs'.I think the idea was that you were always meant to go test your stuff, the stuff passed down to you, the stuff observed from others, opponents or otherwise, and the stuff you had 'stolen'.It is personally what I have always admired in FMA, this constant search for betterment.Nowadays schools are more systematized for sure ... but I'm not sure if that is a good thing. The idea of fixed 'boxes' of knowledge seems to go counter to this more traditional approach. Material should come from what is useful, what works, not just what someone told you.Of course it is harder today to test what you learn, and by necessity limits must be put on contests for safety reasons. I don't duel with real blades for instance, there are no invaders coming that I will have to repel, so what I 'know', my style, has it's limits.But I think in the end fighting is fighting (though understanding context in hugely important - don't fight an opponent with a sword as though they have a stick for instance) and really evolution will come from new problems, new opponents that need to be beaten. Just like MMA has evolved over the years as different skill sets have become dominant and opponents have had to learn how to beat them, so with stick fighting, dueling, etc. Logged It will seem difficult at first, but everything is difficult at first. Miyamoto Musashi. A comment on Yomitche's observation about corto skills being adrift when at outer ranges: "But man, on the outside I demonstrate NOTHING similar to my corto base and rely on attributes rather than technique. I don't however feel that I'm cheating the art... I just don't have as much to use out there. But if I DO adopt a skill set on the outside, from Pekiti, for example, am I being untrue to either? If that makes sense... , , , I have seen very skilled corto stylists, whose close range drills are beautifully honed, demonstrate NONE of it under stress, and wonder, why didn't they just practice something else that would encourage an athletic skill set if that's what they will use in a fight? All of the training meant nothing in an encounter!" What I would offer here is that I too had a similar experience with my media and corto skills. My solution was to find solution to the art and science of closing so that I could arrive to the inner ranges - ideally with advantage, but at the very least safe and sound with my eyes open and in composure. Many systems have good material in media and corto, but sometimes lack in this regard-- which can result in questions such as those being asked here. For the Art and Science of Closing we have the following DBMA material: a) Seven Range Theory, including the Triangle from the Third Dimensionb) Attacking Blocks (these two are covered in the DBMA DVD "Attacking Blocks");c) the "One for One" skill set (taught in most every thing in the system, but the DVD "Dos Triques" would be the most systematic in this regard; d) occupying strikes (not yet in any DVD) "Just wondering what others have observed about different styles of escrima and their suitability in full contact engagements." "Do others feel certain styles are more suitable for fighting?" Here is my take on the above 2 questions from Yomitches posts. I teach my students that we have to main areas: Sport & Street. When I hear "full contact engagements" I take that as sport or a contest. "Fighting" can also fall under that category, but for the street it is all about survival. I find that the DBMA style composed of many styles and systems is great for a full contact engagement. I have trained in other styles of escrima and I feel it comes down to how you train it as Yomitches said "under stress". Yomitches makes a good observation when he said "But a determined, aggressive opponent makes years of their/your training disappear." I have seen this first hand at the MMA gym I teach and train at. Young men 19/20 yrs old, great athletic ability and minimal training can give you a good run for your $$$. Therefor not every style or every move is suitable for everyone. The practitioner must find what works for them and continue to train his/her in "their own style". This is the concept Bruce Lee had, your escrima is not my escrima (paraphrased). Having a well rounded structure that is adaptable is very important IMHO. Also having a gameplan / fighting strategy vs a specific style is critical, I'm not a huge fan of just winging it. I feel this also applies to the street but looks very different compared to a full contact stick fight. Guro Marc has some great material/concepts for street application as well with the DLO - Die Less Often dvds which you can find at dogbrothers.com I personally am not a big fan of purism to a style just for the sake of it. I've never formally studied JKD, but do firmly believe in the concept of absorbing what is useful and discarding the rest. I try to study any and every form of FMA that I can. Right now, besides my studies in DBMA, I'm also spending some time on PTK (+also Tang Soo Do with my kids). But I keep an eye out for any seminars or training that I can find. If a move/technique just doesn't work for me (after really trying to apply it), why should I waste my time. Rather I should develop techniques that do complement what I can. I basically agree with everything that Maija stated. Being the son of Filipino Immigrants to the US, I can say from experience that if FMA is like anything else in the culture, everything is politics and if you don't like something or someone, you just create your own group/style/school even if there isn't huge differences in style. Of course different schools may focus or apply things differently, but I would say that there is so much borrowing and adapting that there are very few pure styles of FMA. By the way, I'm not a fighter, more of a practitioner and haven't been at it that long. And I'm a part time student of PeteJ.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Q: How to show that: $\det(A^2 + AB + B^2)≥0\,$? Let two matrices $A,B \in M_n(\mathbb{R})$ satisfy $AB = BA$. Then show that: $\det(A^2 + AB + B^2) \geq 0$. This looks similar to Prove that $\det (A^n + B^n) \geq 0 $ . The obvious approach is to use $AB = BA$ to rewrite $A^2 + AB + B^2$ as $\dfrac34 \left(A+B\right)^2 + \dfrac14 \left(A-B\right)^2$. But these are matrices, not numbers, so does it really help? A: Since $A$ and $B$ commute, we have $A^2+AB+B^2=(A-jB)(A-j^2B)$ where $j=e^{\frac{2i\pi}3}$, and since $A$ and $B$ have real coefficients, $$\det(A^2+AB+B^2 ) = \det(A-jB)\det(A-j^2B) \\ = \det(A-jB) \overline{\det(A-jB)} =\|\det(A-jB)\|^2\geq 0$$ This generalizes easily to $$\det(A^2 + 2\Re(z) AB+\|z\|^2B)\geq 0$$ where $z\in \mathbb C$.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
Origin assessment of green coffee (Coffea arabica) by multi-element stable isotope analysis of caffeine. The delta(13)C(VPDB), delta(2)H(VSMOW) and delta(18)O(VSMOW) values of caffeine isolated from Arabica green coffee beans of different geographical origin have been determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) using elemental analysis (EA) in the "combustion" (C) and "pyrolysis" (P) modes (EA-C/P-IRMS). In total, 45 coffee samples (20 from Central and South America, 16 from Africa, six from Indonesia, and three from Jamaica and Hawaii) were analysed, as well as three reference samples of synthetic caffeine. Validation was performed by excluding isotope discrimination in the course of sample preparation and determining linear dynamic ranges for EA-P-IRMS measurements. The values for caffeine from green coffee ranged from -25.1 to - 29.9 per thousand, -109 to -198 per thousand, and +2.0 to -12.0 per thousand for delta(13)C(VPDB), delta(2)H(VSMOW), and delta(18)O(VSMOW), respectively. Data evaluation by linear discrimination analysis (LDA) and by classification and regression tree (CART) analysis revealed the delta(18)O(VSMOW) values to be highly significant. Use of LDA on the delta(2)H(VSMOW) and delta(18)O(VSMOW) data from coffee of African and Central/South American provenance led to error rates of 5.7% and 7.7% for adaption and cross validation, respectively.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
“We need points the same way we needed them last season. At this moment we are far from the European positions,” he said. “Every point can make a difference. We’ve lost so many points already, now we have to fight for them even more. “It depends on the club (players signing), the club’s needs, it depends on many factors. But I’m not focused on the market. Our only goal now is to try and get into position where we can smell the top end of the league. “We can believe that in the second part of the season, we will be in the top positions.” Commenting on Spurs being one of the favourites for the league title this season, Mourinho said he will not write them off. “When I watch them play it’s no surprise. If they tell players or managers that they are fighting for the title I will not laugh. “The team is very good. Manager is good, players are good. Good stability, playing well. I think a really, really, really good team.” He also gave updates on the injury front. “Today JT (John Terry) didn’t train but we have a little hope it’s possible (that he plays). I have complete trust in Cahill and Zouma.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
#ifndef TGSW_H #define TGSW_H ///@file ///@brief This file contains the declaration of TGSW structures #include "tfhe_core.h" #include "tlwe.h" struct TGswParams { const int32_t l; ///< decomp length const int32_t Bgbit;///< log_2(Bg) const int32_t Bg;///< decomposition base (must be a power of 2) const int32_t halfBg; ///< Bg/2 const uint32_t maskMod; ///< Bg-1 const TLweParams tlwe_params; ///< Params of each row const int32_t kpl; ///< number of rows = (k+1)l Torus32 h; ///< powers of Bgbit uint32_t offset; ///< offset = Bg/2 (2^(32-Bgbit) + 2^(32-2Bgbit) + ... + 2^(32-lBgbit)) #ifdef __cplusplus TGswParams(int32_t l, int32_t Bgbit, const TLweParams tlwe_params); ~TGswParams(); TGswParams(const TGswParams &) = delete; void operator=(const TGswParams &) = delete; #endif }; struct TGswKey { const TGswParams params; ///< the parameters const TLweParams tlwe_params; ///< the tlwe params of each rows IntPolynomial key; ///< the key (array of k polynomials) TLweKey tlwe_key; #ifdef __cplusplus TGswKey(const TGswParams params); ~TGswKey(); TGswKey(const TGswKey &) = delete; void operator=(const TGswKey &) = delete; #endif }; struct TGswSample { TLweSample all_sample; ///< TLweSample* all_sample; (k+1)l TLwe Sample TLweSample *bloc_sample;///< accès optionnel aux différents blocs de taille l. // double current_variance; const int32_t k; const int32_t l; #ifdef __cplusplus inline TGswSample(TLweSample all_sample, TLweSample *bloc_sample, const int32_t k, const int32_t l) : all_sample(all_sample), bloc_sample(bloc_sample), k(k), l(l) {} inline ~TGswSample() {} TGswSample(const TGswSample &) = delete; void operator=(const TGswSample &) = delete; #endif }; struct TGswSampleFFT { TLweSampleFFT all_samples; ///< TLweSample* all_sample; (k+1)l TLwe Sample TLweSampleFFT *sample; ///< accès optionnel aux différents blocs de taille l. //double current_variance; const int32_t k; const int32_t l; #ifdef __cplusplus TGswSampleFFT(const TGswParams params, TLweSampleFFT all_samples); ~TGswSampleFFT(); TGswSampleFFT(const TGswSampleFFT &) = delete; void operator=(const TGswSampleFFT &) = delete; #endif }; //allocate memory space for a TGswKey EXPORT TGswKey alloc_TGswKey(); EXPORT TGswKey alloc_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts); //free memory space for a TGswKey EXPORT void free_TGswKey(TGswKey ptr); EXPORT void free_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswKey ptr); //initialize the TGswKey structure //(equivalent of the C++ constructor) EXPORT void init_TGswKey(TGswKey obj, const TGswParams params); EXPORT void init_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswKey obj, const TGswParams params); //destroys the TGswKey structure //(equivalent of the C++ destructor) EXPORT void destroy_TGswKey(TGswKey obj); EXPORT void destroy_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswKey obj); //allocates and initialize the TGswKey structure //(equivalent of the C++ new) EXPORT TGswKey new_TGswKey(const TGswParams params); EXPORT TGswKey new_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts, const TGswParams params); //destroys and frees the TGswKey structure //(equivalent of the C++ delete) EXPORT void delete_TGswKey(TGswKey obj); EXPORT void delete_TGswKey_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswKey obj); //allocate memory space for a TGswParams EXPORT TGswParams alloc_TGswParams(); EXPORT TGswParams alloc_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts); //free memory space for a TGswParams EXPORT void free_TGswParams(TGswParams ptr); EXPORT void free_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswParams ptr); //initialize the TGswParams structure //(equivalent of the C++ constructor) EXPORT void init_TGswParams(TGswParams obj, int32_t l, int32_t Bgbit, const TLweParams tlwe_params); EXPORT void init_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswParams obj, int32_t l, int32_t Bgbit, const TLweParams tlwe_params); //destroys the TGswParams structure //(equivalent of the C++ destructor) EXPORT void destroy_TGswParams(TGswParams obj); EXPORT void destroy_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswParams obj); //allocates and initialize the TGswParams structure //(equivalent of the C++ new) EXPORT TGswParams new_TGswParams(int32_t l, int32_t Bgbit, const TLweParams tlwe_params); EXPORT TGswParams new_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts, int32_t l, int32_t Bgbit, const TLweParams tlwe_params); //destroys and frees the TGswParams structure //(equivalent of the C++ delete) EXPORT void delete_TGswParams(TGswParams obj); EXPORT void delete_TGswParams_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswParams obj); //allocate memory space for a TGswSample EXPORT TGswSample alloc_TGswSample(); EXPORT TGswSample alloc_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts); //free memory space for a TGswSample EXPORT void free_TGswSample(TGswSample ptr); EXPORT void free_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSample ptr); //initialize the TGswSample structure //(equivalent of the C++ constructor) EXPORT void init_TGswSample(TGswSample obj, const TGswParams params); EXPORT void init_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSample obj, const TGswParams params); //destroys the TGswSample structure //(equivalent of the C++ destructor) EXPORT void destroy_TGswSample(TGswSample obj); EXPORT void destroy_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSample obj); //allocates and initialize the TGswSample structure //(equivalent of the C++ new) EXPORT TGswSample new_TGswSample(const TGswParams params); EXPORT TGswSample new_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts, const TGswParams params); //destroys and frees the TGswSample structure //(equivalent of the C++ delete) EXPORT void delete_TGswSample(TGswSample obj); EXPORT void delete_TGswSample_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSample obj); //allocate memory space for a TGswSampleFFT EXPORT TGswSampleFFT alloc_TGswSampleFFT(); EXPORT TGswSampleFFT alloc_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts); //free memory space for a TGswSampleFFT EXPORT void free_TGswSampleFFT(TGswSampleFFT ptr); EXPORT void free_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSampleFFT ptr); //initialize the TGswSampleFFT structure //(equivalent of the C++ constructor) EXPORT void init_TGswSampleFFT(TGswSampleFFT obj, const TGswParams params); EXPORT void init_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSampleFFT obj, const TGswParams params); //destroys the TGswSampleFFT structure //(equivalent of the C++ destructor) EXPORT void destroy_TGswSampleFFT(TGswSampleFFT obj); EXPORT void destroy_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSampleFFT obj); //allocates and initialize the TGswSampleFFT structure //(equivalent of the C++ new) EXPORT TGswSampleFFT new_TGswSampleFFT(const TGswParams params); EXPORT TGswSampleFFT new_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts, const TGswParams params); //destroys and frees the TGswSampleFFT structure //(equivalent of the C++ delete) EXPORT void delete_TGswSampleFFT(TGswSampleFFT obj); EXPORT void delete_TGswSampleFFT_array(int32_t nbelts, TGswSampleFFT *obj); #endif // TGSW_H	{'pile_set_name': 'Github'}
A lot of universal truths and life lessons can be found in old episodes of Seinfeld. But in the episode The Contest, the famous ‘90s sitcom may have missed some subtle differences between men and women when it comes to being “master of your domain,” according to a large study on sexual preferences. In the episode, the main characters make a wager to see who can hold out the longest without masturbating, i.e., remain “queen of the castle.” The characters struggle with temptations—Kramer glimpses a naked exhibitionist in the apartment across the street, while Elaine splits a cab with the handsome John F. Kennedy Jr. Both characters give in to their desires, abdicate their chaste rule, and drop out of the contest. In the end, Kramer lands in bed with the exhibitionist, while Elaine misses a connection with her dreamboat. But, according to the new study, it might be more realistic if their fortunes were reversed. Plunging deep into the sexual preferences of nearly 5,000 men and 6,700 women, UK researchers found that a limp interest in sex was more common among men who reported going it alone, but less common among women who enjoyed a ménage à moi. In other words, the data suggests men “scratch the itch” as a satisfying sex substitute, while women “butter their own muffin” as a sort of sexual appetizer or snack. So, maybe Elaine should have been more determined than Kramer to sack her crush. That said, the show did nail one true trend: women tend to be less interested in sex overall. In the study, published Thursday in BMJ Open, researchers found that women were twice as likely as men to report a lack of interest in sex. Of those surveyed in the nationally representative sample, 15 percent of men and 34 percent of women reported losing interest in sex for three months or more during the previous year. That makes George’s initial suggestion of 2:1 odds for Elaine winning the wager seem reasonable. Picking apart the data, the researchers found that there are complex reasons why both women and men might lose interest in sex. Factors like depression, stress, unemployment, raising young children, sexually transmitted infections, and general health problems all seemed to have the effect of a cold shower. But the biggest factor—particularly for women—was the state of a person’s romantic relationship. Women’s sexual appetites were strongly linked to their perception of the quality of their relationship, whether they felt they could openly discuss their sex lives with their partners and their expectations and attitudes about sex. For instance, if a woman bought into the idea that men's sex drives are stronger than women’s, she was more likely to report less interest in sex. Past sexual experiences also seemed to play a role, such as if a couple started off hot and steamy or if one partner pressured the other into a first awkward encounter. In all, the authors argue, perking up your sex life might not be as easy as popping a pill—for either sex. And for women in particular, the findings “support the view that transient (and often adaptive) reductions in sexual desire are not evidence of ‘dysfunction.’” BMJ Open, 2017. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016942 (About DOIs).	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Light-emitting diode (LED) lighting typically uses nitridosilicates and oxonitridosilicates materials to enhance color rendering index (CRI) and chemical stability. In particular, nitridosilicates have high condensed frameworks, and thus, have stable chemical structures and exhibit thermal stability. Following crystal field splitting theory and nephelauxetic effects, nitride phosphors can emit more red light than oxide phosphors. For example, a blue-emitting diode can be used to excite a nitride phosphor to provide red light. U.S. Pat. No. 6,649,946 discloses nitride phosphors that expose yellow to red emitting phosphor, such as (Ca, Sr, Ba)xSiyNz:Eu (z=2/3x+4/3y) (for example, (Ca, Sr, Ba)2-xSi5N8:Eux). These types of phosphors are synthesized at normal pressure. It has been observed that since nitride phosphors corresponding excitation spectrum does not match the emission spectrum of a blue light-emitting LED, such as an indium gallium nitride (InGaN) LED, existing nitride phosphors less efficient as red light-emitting phosphors than desirable. Accordingly, the corresponding LED devices have less flexibility and capability to tune the colors and the CRI. Therefore, a LED device integrated with a phosphor material having a proper excitation spectrum and a method of making the same are needed.	{'pile_set_name': 'USPTO Backgrounds'}
Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis in the BCCM/IHEM Biomedical Fungi/Yeasts culture collection (isolates before 1990). The BCCM/IHEM Biomedical Fungi/Yeasts collection hosts 1200 Candida albicans strains of the Vanbreuseghem mycotheque isolated between 1951 and 1997. From this collection, 469 freeze-dried C. albicans strains, producing chlamydospores, germ tubes and forming green colonies on CHROMagar, all isolated before 1990, were screened to identify the Candida dubliniensis isolates. Screening was performed in different steps using the growth at 45 degrees C, the assimilation of xylose, the intracellular beta-glucosidase activity test and C. dubliniensis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from ACT1 intron sequence. Five isolates (1%) were identified as C. dubliniensis: one isolate was not documented, the others were of oropharyngeal origin of which two (1987 and 1990) were from proven human immunodeficiency virus patients.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
of Free State of Bavaria. Unlike other cruise ships, the crew off-duty are allowed to mingle with passengers. They are the reincarnations of Aida and Radames, finding each other in a new beginning Every Story is a Love neuwagen Story (Reprise. Unable to comfort her, Radames leaves Aida in distress. Aida is taken by Mereb to the Nubian camp, where she reluctantly submits to her people's pleas to lead them Dance of the Robe. The defenseless animals are dragged to the shallow water and brutally slaughtered by locals armed with knives (16-19 cm / 6 8 inch long) while their families cheer them. . Aida is given to her as a gift to be her handmaiden, by whom her true nature is seen: Amneris is merely using this fashion-driven identity to hide her own insecurities. It was John's idea to develop the story directly as a musical, and a first reading was presented to Disney executives on April 1, 1996. In both occasions directed by Manuel Ramírez-Gastón, Aida is one of Villa María's critically acclaimed productions of the past ten years. "Review: Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida/Bailiwick Chicago". Both were released from the hospital a few hours later. 12 International productions edit The first international production of Aida ran in Scheveningen, Netherlands. This was the 98th shiporder for the cruise industry's global fleet (vessels in the orderbook ). Nothing of the original Atlanta set design remained in the new production. Aida's 2018 world cruise pricess started from EUR 12,995 pp (USD 15,360 pp /inside cabin) and from EUR 16,565 pp (USD USD 19,580 pp / oceanview cabin). Meanwhile, Zoser discovers Radames' affair and warns his son that it could cost him the throne, but Radames no longer shares his father's ambitions Like Father, Like Son. Aida is an epic tale of love, loyalty and betrayal, chronicling the love triangle between Aida, a Nubian princess stolen from her country, Amneris, an Egyptian princess, and Radames, the soldier they both love. Currently, aida Cruises has its own executive team. S response was to the new" Which continues to allow pilot whales to be culled or massacred. Archived at the Wayback Machine, feb, aidanova 7day cruises to Canaries and Madeira Island aidaperla 7day Western Mediterranean cruises from Palma de Malorca aidaprima departures from Hamburg weekly on metropolitan voyages. Disney Offers an aida september 2018 apos 2010 Archived May 12, and"" Robert, amneris reprises her role as a future Pharaoh by convincing her father to let the lovers die in the same tomb. S largest," aidaapos, as they are slowly deprived of light and air Enchantment Passing Through Reprise Radames swears he will search through a hundred lifetimes to find her again if he has. November 14, october 9 1998 Simonson, every Story Is aida september 2018 A Love Stor" M The Costa and aida combinjed fleet became Europeapos. Apos, so companys passengers consist mainly of Germans and Germanspeaking Europeans Swiss and Austrians 2011 Balistreri, both of whom went on to reprise their roles in the original Broadway production the following year. The XVth World Congress, hosted by the Brazilian Chapter, is to take place in Rio de Janeiro between Thursday 11 to Saturday Registration for the World Congress, 11 to is now open.Aida Cruises news, history, review, itineraries information, ships in the current fleet.The Queen of the Arena, Aida, will be staged from June 23rd 2018 with Franco Zeffirellis remarkable sets, enriched with costumes by Anna Anni. Kenya Massey and Kyra Little remained from the Atlanta staging as well. Replacing Robert Jess Ross, s executive control was transferred to Costa Group responsible for Carnival Groupapos. M 2011 Elliott, s publicist stated that Headley and Pascal sustained minor injuries and were taken to Northwestern Memorial Hospital for examination. Aidaapos, canary Islands aidastella UK, aida knows that this would ruin her fatherapos. After 2003apos, s escape and tells him he must go through kalenderblatt with it Written in the Stars. A subsequent press release from the showapos. Aida and Mereb bribe their way into Amonasroapos. In the ensuing chaos, Mereb is mortally wounded by Zoser, and Radames makes possible Amonasro's escape by cutting the rope tied to the dock, but Aida stays with Radames and a dying Mereb.Radames' father, Chief Minister Zoser, greets his son with news that the Pharaoh is dying, and Radames must prepare to become the next ruler of Egypt Another Pyramid.Disney's "Aida" To Preview In Atlanta Backstage (reprint in m September 11, 1998 Ku, Andrew and Simonson, Robert.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-25T18:02:12Z', 'url': 'https://www.umako.info/aida-september-2018-691.aspx', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Q: Does Play Store register only manually submitted errors as Errors or all errors that occurred? When some app crashes, we have an option to Report this error. So, does Play Store register only such errors as Errors or all errors which occur in some app gets registered as Errors regardless of a user reported them or not? Look at the images to see which Errors I am referring to. I cannot find any docs about this anywhere. A: Only if the user manually reports it. And because of privacy issues this should be like this.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
by John Coleat3:15 pm on September 3, 2010 . It has 57 Comments. Hrmm: Seventeen years after she attended the school and two weeks before her Republican primary against Rep. Mike Castle, Delaware Senate candidate Christine O’Donnell officially earned her college degree, according to an official from Fairleigh Dickinson University. Scott Giglio, assistant director of public relations at the Madison, N.J., university, told POLITICO the Tea Party Express-backed Senate hopeful was officially awarded her bachelor of arts degree in English literature on Wednesday. Tortoise and the hare, I guess. But wouldn’t not having a college degree be a badge of honor for teabag nation? Graduating might lose her some votes, the ivory tower elitist. This post is in Teabagger Stupidity. https://www.balloon-juice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/balloon_juice_header_logo_grey.jpg 0 0 John Cole https://www.balloon-juice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/balloon_juice_header_logo_grey.jpg John Cole2010-09-03 15:15:542010-09-03 15:16:17Better Late Than Never It isn’t dubbed Fairleigh Ridiculous for nothing. Cermet says: Thought that stuff wasn’t legal yet but you must be smoking it to believe that this teabagger got their degree except for one reason- a past resume listed the degree – count on it. If you haven’t already, go listen to this WORLDS OF AWESOME radio interview with Christine O’Donnell from just a few days ago. She attempts to explain away the college degree issue by saying that she owed the college money and only recently paid them (huh??). I didn’t realize until reading this post that we’re talking about 17 years here. The entire clip is mindblowing, covering a range of issues that O’Donnell has blatantly lied about. For example, I don’t think “tie” means what she thinks it means. The political situation in this country would be an awful lot better with more interviewers like Dan Gaffney. All you really have to do is start asking them questions; they’ll do the rest of your job for you. Saw her on TV; claimed she wasn’t awarded her degree until she paid off her student loans. Sounds like bullshit to me, but I can’t imagine a TeaPartier not telling me the truth. BubbaDave says: Y’know, I’ll mock her for a lot of things– well, basically for aggravated teabaggery– but finishing her degree? Not so much. EDIT:(And since I had a friend whose official graduation from college was delayed for two years because he had a campus parking ticket he hadn’t paid, her explanation seems in the same general ballpark as believable.) Mark S. says: @The Dangerman: That does sound like bullshit. I’ve never heard of that happening to anyone else. Sentient Puddle says: Considering that this is for a BA in English literature, this sounds like she managed the worst of both worlds. GambitRF says: I’m guessing a literature degree is okay as long as there was an Ayn Rand book somewhere in the curriculum. And if she didn’t have to read anything from the Harlem renaissance or anything like that. Poopyman says: “Christine O’Donnell officially earned her college degree, according to an official from Fairleigh Dickinson University.” Interesting choice of words there. What did she do recently to earn it? “Awarded” is used later on, which would seem to be more appropriate, especially if it were just a money issue. Dear MSM: Words matter, and you have been hired because you’re supposed to know which word is most appropriate. @BubbaDave: My dad did not go to his college graduation and thus did not notice for over a decade that his degree had not been awarded. It was only in 1978 when someone was doing a background check on him before he started a new job that he found out. He promptly paid the outstanding fee and they issued his degree. Luckily, the situation was easily explained and he did not lose out on the job. He still finds it funny that he graduated from college in 1978. gex says: @GambitRF: Ayn Rand and the Bible. It’s an English, PolySci, Theology, and Philosophy major all rolled up into two books. ETA: I forgot Econ. A little OT, but keeping with the “fail” theme: NRSC Says Senator Ron Wyden Has Lost Touch With Voters From The Evergreen State — But He’s From Oregon Snicker. In other teabagger news The Queen of Arizona declares she is done with debates, cause she had to do one to qualify for candidate welfare, and cause Shut Up! That’s why! “I don’t believe that things come out in proper context in an adversarial atmosphere,” she defended herself. I guess when you’re the white blond privileged patriot candidate, there is no need to esplain yourself cause taking back murrica needs no explanation, specially when your master race is getting their heads chopped up in your back yard desert. Brewer said on Fox News in July: “We cannot afford all this illegal immigration and everything that comes with it, everything from the crime and to the drugs and the kidnappings and the extortion and the beheadings.” But wait a sec. Reality is relative if you’re a republican “All you guys were doing and talking were beheadings, beheadings, beheadings,” Brewer told the Daily Star. “That is something that has stuck with you all for so long, and I just felt we needed to move on.” Ummph!! But, She has the Mercedes Benz She also contended that when discussing the headless bodies, she “never said ‘Arizona,’ and it’s unfortunate that it was construed as ‘Arizona.'” And she will likely win. This is your new Tea Bag Nation. So let’s get back to bashing Obama over a too small stimulus. K. jonas says: English Literature? Well la-dee-da Ms. Snooty Bigwords. That sounds like one of those subjects where you have to sit around cross-legged in a circle discussing ladyparts and injustice and all those liberal things. A real teabag candidate would have majored in Nugent Studies with a minor in petroleum engineering. And she will likely win. Seriously, what the fuck is wrong with Arizona? Anyone? I just don’t get it. @JenJen: Their brains have been baked in the hot sun. Seriously. Heat makes people crazy. Murders are higher in the summer, etc. I know I get irritable when I’m hot. So all these old people who grew up during segregation, and possibly went to school when Hawaii wasn’t a state, take what they knew and bake it at 100 degrees for a few years inside their skulls. morzer says: Arizona is also the residence of Charles Bowden, and he’s a really good journalist and writer, especially about the drug war, Mexico and immigration. Basically Arizona falls into the “nice place, shame about the wingnuts” category. @The Dangerman: It happens. Usually it’s a library fine or something. Student loans though? That’s a new one to me. @JenJen: How bout them Reds Jenjen? I am focusing on baseball cause there is little I can do about stupid people being stupid. Just glad I live in the Republic of New Mexico next door. Bella Q says: In more northerly tea party news, did anyone else see the picture of Joe Miller at the bottom of this post? Shows him to be a bit controlling, no? Creepy to some of us. beltane says: @The Dangerman: She’s full of shit. Maybe she owed the school money, but diplomas are awarded before any student loan is paid off. Otherwise most of us would have to wait ten years to graduate. If there is a Republican out there who is not a deadbeat and a liar, please let us know. MattR says: “She’s gone through the process to receive her degree, that’s not the story. She fulfilled the last course requirement this summer. It was just a general elective course,” said O’Donnell campaign manager Matt Moran. But that contradicts previous explanations O’Donnell has given about her education history. Her 2006 Senate campaign website described her as a “graduate of Fairleigh Dickinson University.” In March of this year, she told the Delaware News Journal that FDU was withholding her diploma because she had not yet paid off her student loans. “I finished the coursework,” O’Donnell told the newspaper. After attending the cap and gown ceremony in 1993, Moran said it took 12 years for O’Donnell to pay off the outstanding debt. He said she met with FDU President Michael Adams after her 2008 Senate campaign to make sure “she went through all the proper measures to achieve [the degree].” IIRC, the Madison location is not the main FDU campus. (EDIT: And I don’t think it is unusual for a school to let a senior walk in the graduation ceremony if they still need one class, especially if it is outside their major) TooManyJens says: @General Stuck: Time to pop some popcorn and get ready to watch Rachel Maddow tonight. Why would anyone assume the governor of Arizona was talking about Arizona? @gex: That’s as reasonable an explanation as I’ve yet heard! @morzer: OK, so it’s a lot like southwestern Ohio. Maybe I do get it! @General Stuck: OMGBBQ, I can’t even express how completely obsessed I’ve been with the Reds this season, and especially lately. CHAPMANIA BABY! EIGHT GAME LEAD! Best record in the NL! Huge series in St. Louis starting tonight! I can’t get enough. Went to the last game of the amazing homestand Wednesday night, and saw Chapman throw a 104 mph fastball, and earn his first major league win. Posted a few crappy cellphone photos here. Had great seats and many beers. It just doesn’t get any better than that for a Reds fan. Life, it is good. @TooManyJens: My teevee died, no plans to buy another. stuckinred says: FDU was withholding her diploma because she had not yet paid off her student loans. That sounds like bullshit, who pays their loans before they graduate? I got my Ed.D in 98 and I hope to expire still owing on that mofo. @beltane: My guess is that she owed student fees of some sort to the University or had not made the last payment on her tuition plan as opposed to owing student loans to a third party @MattR: thank you, thank you very much indeed. @Mark S.: Oh, and I forgot to include the clincher on that from the TPM link. The anchor later asked: “Which beheadings in Arizona were you were referring to?” Brewer responded: “Our law enforcement agencies have found bodies in the desert, either buried or just lying out there, that have been beheaded.” I guess “our” depends on our definition of our. is also too. @General Stuck: I have a comment above in moderation jail; stay tuned in case it gets sprung soon for some enthusiastic Reds talk. ;-) @General Stuck: So the Arizona National Guard is telling stories of their time in Iraq and/or Afghanistan? @General Stuck: I just download the podcast a couple of hours after the show airs. Arizona often sends law enforcement officers to the Sahara, and they found them there. Comrade Colette Collaboratrice says: NRSC Says Senator Ron Wyden Has Lost Touch With Voters From The Evergreen State—But He’s From Oregon In the spirit of the NRSC, I’ve decided that Arizona is henceforth going to be known as the Sunbaked Cowpats in the Desert State. freelancer says: @TooManyJens: Same here. Also too, there’s msnbc.com updated about 1-2 hours after the airing. @General Stuck: Well, I’ll give this another whirl since I’m still in moderation limbo with my earlier comment.. OMG BBQ, I can’t even express how completely obsessed I’ve been with the Reds this season, and especially lately. Chapmania, baby!! Eight game lead! Best record in the NL! Huge series in St. Louis starting tonight! Had great seats and many beers. It just doesn’t get any better than this for a Reds fan. Life, it is good. @stuckinred: Yeah, agreed with the previous poster. Student FEES owed to the school, not student loans. The amount owed to the school has to have been paltry, as well, I can’t imagine them to be more than 1000$. @JenJen: Never been to Great American park since I moved out west, terrific pics and GO Reds!! tonight against the Cards!! @General Stuck: The beauty of the series in St. Louis starting tonight? The tables have turned since the Cards were last here in early August, big time, and now the pressure is on them. I just read that if the Reds even break .500, going 15-14 in the remaining 29 games, the Cards would have to go 24-5 just to tie. No, I’m not standing in line for World Series tickets yet or anything, and I’m trying not to jinx the whole damned thing by getting too excited, but damn it feels good to be a Reds fan right now. :-) Bruce (formerly Steve S.) says: English Lit major and she was allowed into the Tea Party? I guess you can get away with anything if you’re white. @Comrade Colette Collaboratrice: I’ve decided that Arizona is henceforth going to be known as the Sunbaked Cowpats in the Desert State. Oh, I plan on going with Decapizona. Corner Stone says: @JenJen: As an Astro’s fan, you’re welcome for our recent SWEEEEEP of The Hated Cards ™. Zandar says: Decapizona. Classic. Awarded Internets are winging their way to you as we speak. mgordon says: Isn’t having a BA in English Lit. just like not having a degree? Her teabag street cred should be just fine. @mgordon: What’s with the liberal arts hate going on here? RSA says: “Our law enforcement agencies have found bodies in the desert, either buried or just lying out there, that have been beheaded.” Oh, now I get it. If the cops ever told her that damage to a dead body could be caused by coyotes–there you go. Mexican criminals beheading people in the desert. denverjeninpdx says: @jonas: This is my favoritest comment that I have read all day, and as an English major I am so stealing “Ms. Snooty Bigwords”. Also, Nugent Studies. :) Bobby Thomson says: I thought that was one area where Gaffney was being ridiculous. 49% to 49% is considered a tie. When you say you tied someone in a county, no one seriously thinks you mean that you got exactly as many votes as the other candidate. mandarama says: @jonas: Heh. Since I’m a literature professor, I’m gonna have “Ms. Snooty Bigwords” put on my office door. Or “Dr. Snooty Bigwords.” I didn’t spend 7 years in evil liberal arts school to get called “Ms.” jnfr says: I went back to college in my 40s to get a degree. I don’t think it’s anything to be ashamed of. I really wasn’t capable of handling college in my 20s (so I moved into a commune instead). @mandarama: Have you considered Snooty Bigwords, PhD? @Bobby Thomson: Point taken, but remember, she did claim to have actually won in two of those counties (Gaffney played the clip of her saying that, that’s when she backtracked and said she meant to say “tie.”) And honestly? She sure sounded as though she expected people to believe that she’d tied in the actual vote count, since she initially said she won the actual vote count. For those of you who don’t see it (which I assume is most of you), Castle has an ad all over Balloon Juice going negative on O’Donnell. “$10,000 lien against a house for failing to pay taxes. Hopelessly irresponsible with her own finances. Not to be trusted with ours.” I’ve always found that line of attack a little insulting. We don’t elect our representatives to be accountants, and there is a bureaucracy that’s pretty good about remembering to collect taxes. Moreover, people fall behind on their taxes (and various other bills) without any moral fault. Thought experiment: Imagine an ad with the caption: “Laid off by General Motors twice in the last three years. Can’t hold down a job. Why give him mine?” Doesn’t sound quite the same, does it? Of course, this is a primary campaign aimed at Republican voters, who take it as an article of faith that one’s net worth has a perfect correlation to one’s character, so it should be a success. And honestly? She sure sounded as though she expected people to believe that she’d tied in the actual vote count, since she initially said she won the actual vote count. You can’t really believe that. She was the one who said “49% to 49%. Sounds like a tie to me.” Why would she do that if she wanted people to focus on absolute vote counts? Gaffney wasn’t prepared for the “I meant to say tie” excuse. The excuse itself was silly, and he could have hammered her on it. Instead, he took the interview in a ridiculous direction and I stopped listening. @Bobby Thomson: Wait a minute… so you’re quibbling over the potential meaning of an excuse pulled out of thin air for the purpose of covering up a bald-faced lie? Suit yourself, I guess. Too bad it turned you off so quickly you didn’t listen to the rest of the interview, though. I was under the assumption you were commenting on the entire context of the interview when you wrote up-thread “I thought that was one area where Gaffney was being ridiculous.” @JenJen: Brewer sewed up all the votes she needs on three issues. Guns: she signed to allow us Arizonans to carry concealed guns anyplace they aren’t specifically not allowed. Abortion: she’s a Forced Birther. National Security Immigration Reform Law Enforcement Public Safety War on Drugs War on Terror Fuck it, let’s blame everything on Mexico: SB1070. This state is nuts. Our budget deficit, dollar for dude, is as bad or worse than California’s. Our infrastructure is crap. And we got a 1% sales tax to fix maybe a third of it, but most of the Republicans in Phoenix (and to her credit, Brewer didn’t join them in this) were against that and won’t consider anything other than lowering corporate tax rates to pay for government. Oh, and the stimulus money from the Feds? La la la la, they can’t hear you! Life on Mars? TGIF	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.5257875919342041, 'wiki_prob': 0.4742124080657959, 'source': 'cc/2019-30/en_middle_0085.json.gz/line64813'}
Ask HN: Streaming music and licenses - runawaybottle Other than Youtube, are there any practical options out there? I suppose I can use something like Rdio's API, but this would limit the app to Rdio subscribers. I'm wondering if there is any possibility for smaller-scale apps to negotiate some kind of streaming deal, similar to internet-radio licenses. How do sites like Turntable.fm pull it off? Is the short answer lots of lawyers?<p>Thanks. ====== cdvonstinkpot ASCAP, BMI, Harry Fox?	{'pile_set_name': 'HackerNews'}
Core strength. This is the foundation of our workout and is key to injury prevention. A strong core not only helps prevent back injuries, but also helps support the body in every movement. Flexibility. At Hilliard Studio Method, we increase your flexibility and range of motion through strength and movement. A flexible, pliable muscle is less prone to injury.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-19T23:19:00Z', 'url': 'https://hilliardstudiomethod.com/tips/single/injury-rehab-hsm/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
The present invention relates to improvements in friction-driven live roller conveyors for pressureless accumulation loads, whether regularly spaced or not. In materials handling the practical interest of accumulating industrial or commercial loads for insuring the regular operation of machines, processing equipment, packaging machinery and the like has long been recognized. Abutment systems are thus known which hold back accumulated loads by contact with a relatively small force. More recently, conveyors have been proposed comprising successive sections of disengageable friction driven rollers, or chain and sprocket driven rollers. Each section is equipped with a load detector or sensing means which when sensing a load disengages the friction drive or the chain and sprocket drive from the rollers of the section immediately upstream so that these rollers freewheel or rotate freely and the load carried by this section is slowed and then stopped, and so forth. This arrangement which progressively stops loads along the conveyor has the drawback of requiring an adjustment of the device as a function of the weight of the loads and therefore does not permit the conveyor from handling loads which vary in weight and size from one to another. In addition, the stopping of a load in a section remains uncertain as does satisfactory accumulation operation.	{'pile_set_name': 'USPTO Backgrounds'}
[DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FILED FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT OCT 3, 2006 No. 06-11758 THOMAS K. KAHN Non-Argument Calendar CLERK ________________________ D. C. Docket No. 04-01750-CV-T-17-MAP TERRY L. JOHNSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, versus SWITCH AND DATA MANAGEMENT COMPANY LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Defendant-Appellee. ________________________ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida _________________________ (October 3, 2006) Before BLACK, CARNES and PRYOR, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Terry Johnson appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of his former employer, Switch and Data Management Company, LLC (Switch and Data), in an action alleging violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a)(1); 42 U.S.C. § 1981; and Florida’s Civil Rights Act of 1992, § 760.10(1)(a), Fla. Stat. We affirm the district court. We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, viewing all the facts in the record in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, and drawing all inferences in his favor. Frederick v. Sprint/United Mgmt. Co., 246 F.3d 1305, 1311 (11th Cir. 2001). Summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Once a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of discrimination and the employer articulates a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the adverse employment decision, the plaintiff must then show the employer’s proffered reason was pretext for discrimination.1 Texas Dept. of Community Affairs v. Burdine, 101 S. Ct. 1089, 1094-95 (1981). Switch and Data concedes Johnson can establish a 1 The same prima facie case and burden-shifting mechanisms apply to Title VII and § 1981 discrimination claims. Standard v. A.B.E.L. Servs., Inc., 161 F.3d 1318, 1330 (11th Cir. 1998). Also, “Florida’s Civil Rights Act is patterned after Title VII, and thus federal case law dealing with Title VII is applicable to employment discrimination claims brought under Florida law.” Maniccia v. Brown, 171 F.3d 1364, 1368 n.2 (11th Cir. 1999). 2 prima facie case of racial employment discrimination, and Johnson concedes Switch and Data can provide a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for terminating his employment. Thus, the only issue before us is whether Johnson presented evidence showing the reason for his firing–deficient performance–was pretextual. A plaintiff may show pretext either by directly persuading the court a discriminatory reason motivated the defendant, or by indirectly showing the employer’s proffered explanation is unworthy of credence. Id. at 1095. The relevant inquiry on the issue of pretext is whether the employer’s proferred reason was a cover-up for a discriminatory action. Rojas v. Florida, 285 F.3d 1339, 1342 (11th Cir. 2002). A court’s purpose is not to determine whether the employer’s decision was prudent or fair, but is to determine whether an unlawful discriminatory animus motivated the employment decision. Id. Stated differently, pretext is not present “unless it is shown both that the reason was false, and that discrimination was the real reason.” St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 113 S. Ct. 2742, 2752 (1993). Moreover, where the plaintiff creates “only a weak issue of fact as to whether the employer’s reason was untrue and there [is] abundant and uncontroverted independent evidence that no [unlawful] discrimination [has] occurred,” the employer is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 120 S. Ct. 2097, 2109 (2000). 3 Here, the evidence established that Johnson was performing deficiently. He received several poor performance evaluations, and was then put on a 30-day probationary period. During the probationary period, Johnson’s supervisor devised an objective method to test his performance and productivity. When Johnson failed to perform at adequate levels, Switch and Data terminated his employment. To establish pretext, Johnson presented evidence showing that he received a merit-based pay raise, he was appointed to a lead designer position just three weeks before he was terminated, and a vice president of Switch and Data praised his work. None of this evidence raises a genuine issue of material fact. The merit- based pay raise Johnson received was long before his termination date and irrelevant to establish pretext. The appointment to a lead designer position was not a promotion and, therefore, does not establish Johnson was performing well. Finally, the praise from the company’s vice president was sent via e-mail to an entire group and does not establish Johnson performed well individually. Johnson is unable to create a genuine issue of material fact that Switch and Data’s reason for termination was pretext, and the district court did not err in granting summary judgment. AFFIRMED. 4	{'pile_set_name': 'FreeLaw'}
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import java.util.*; class Solution{ public static void main(String[]args){ Scanner cin=new Scanner(System.in); int N=cin.nextInt(); int[] a=new int[N+1]; for(int i=1;i<=N;i++)a[i]=cin.nextInt()+a[i-1]; int r=0; for(int i=0;i<N;i++)for(int j=i+1;j<=N;j++)if(a[j]-a[i]<0)r++; System.out.println(r); } }	{'pile_set_name': 'Github'}
Disclaimer: I would like everyone to please note that I am not a Bahá’í, but a friend of the Faith. As such, do not take everything I say here as fact, rather look at it with a discerning eye and see for yourself if what I have said resonates with you. If it does, please continue to look into researching more for yourself; use this as a mere stepping stone. Finally, all citations may or may not reflect the authoritative teachings of the Faith, but I have tried my best to use sources that are written with the least bias towards the subject cited. Introduction to the Kitáb-i-Aqdas The Kitáb-i-Aqdas is the most holy book of the Bahá’í Faith, indeed its name rendered into English is “The Most Holy Book”. The exact date of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas’s revelation is not fully known, and its revelation may have taken place over many years. Nevertheless it is agreed that it was completed in 1873 and was revealed mostly in the house of ‘Udi Khammar just outside the prison city of Akka [1]. Many people consider the Kitáb-i-Aqdas to be a mere book of laws, however if that were the case then it would not hold the lofty station it currently does. Instead, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas is a “constitution” as John Walbridge said, a recording of revelation dealing with Islamic and Bábi law, laws of marriage, ethics, and so on. It is not simply a list of “do’s” and “don’t’s”, but a literary masterpiece in its own right. The Kitáb-i-Aqdas was revealed in Arabic, and is no more than 50 pages in its original script and the style in which it is composed rivals the jewel of the Islamic Qur’an [2]. Around one third of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was translated into English by the Guardian of the Faith, Shoghi Effendi, before he passed away suddenly in England. As such, the translation of this monumental work fell to the later established Universal House of Justice [3]. “[The Kitáb-i-Aqdas]…may well be regarded as the brightest emanation of the mind of Bahá’u’lláh, as the Mother Book of His Dispensation, and the Charter of His New World Order.” -Shoghi Effendi, Introduction to the Kitáb-i-Aqdas Paragraph 1 (K1) of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas – IN THE NAME OF HIM WHO IS THE SUPREME RULER OVER ALL THAT HATH BEEN AND ALL THAT IS TO BE “The first duty prescribed by God for His servants is the recognition of Him Who is the Dayspring of His Revelation and the Fountain of His laws, Who representeth the Godhead in both the Kingdom of His Cause and the world of creation. Whoso achieveth this duty hath attained unto all good; and whoso is deprived thereof hath gone astray, though he be the author of every righteous deed. It behoveth every one who reacheth this most sublime station, this summit of transcendent glory, to observe every ordinance of Him Who is the Desire of the world. These twin duties are inseparable. Neither is acceptable without the other. Thus hath it been decreed by Him Who is the Source of Divine inspiration.” -K1 Analysis: The importance of this paragraph beginning the entirety of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas cannot be understated. This paragraph outlines what are called the Twin Duties which are recognition of the Manifestation of God and obedience to His law. As stated in the paragraph, these duties are inseparable, to have one and not the other while possible is not acceptable. Imagine having recognized the station of Bahá’u’lláh and not following His command, or following His command unknowingly but not recognizing His station. In either case you miss out on half of the objective as can be seen in K36! As we will see as we progress through the rest of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, both of these duties plays a crucial role in causing the growth of the tree that is the New World Order. Indeed, Abdu’l Bahá says: “The seed of reality must be sown again in human hearts in order that a new tree may grow therefrom and new divine fruits refresh the world.” -Abdu’l Bahá Abdu’l Bahá says that the world can only be refreshed when the “seed of reality” is once again planted in our hearts. As such, the advancement of Bahá’u’lláh’s New World Order cannot come by the mere cognitive recognition of His station and law, but must also reach a transcendent depth of spiritual nature. Sen McGlinn discusses how the Arabic word ‘irfanu means much more than a prosaic rendering of recognition. He goes onto state that it has deep roots in the mysticism of Sufiism [4]. Unfortunately, as in any translation, the translation of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas into English lost some of its hidden meaning in Arabic. Nonetheless, as Sen McGlinn points out in his same analysis of this introductory paragraph, it appears that Bahá’u’lláh merges the two streams of religious obedience into one. Indeed, no longer are there priests/religious jurists to define what is appeasing to God, and no longer are there mystics who tend only to the realms of asceticism [4]. Now, each and every individual has the opportunity to attain to their true legal and spiritual place by God. Thank you! As always, I thank you for reading this post of mine and I hope that you have very much enjoyed it. Please subscribe below to be registered on the newsletter. I will be going through each paragraph of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas on a weekly basis, so if you wish to be notified when it is published just subscribe below (you can choose to not be notified of anything else if you wish)! Please follow me on twitter @lotusflowerpath because I often also post when my publications are published. -G.L. Name Email* Want to Learn More? For a great website with detailed footnotes on the Kitáb-i-Aqdas please click here. This is a website known as The Aqdas. For great journal articles and encyclopedia entries of varying quality of scholarship please click here. Literature Cited:	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
Containers, such as gun safes, are used to secure items, such as firearms, in the interior of the container. Locks may be provided on the gun safe to control access to the interior of the container to only authorized users. An illustrative lock includes a keypad for entering a predetermined code to gain access to the interior of the container. The ability to light the buttons on the keypad for a short period of time sufficient to gain access to the interior of the container is desired. Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.	{'pile_set_name': 'USPTO Backgrounds'}
Q: Finding which number has been appearing the most in array - C PROBLEM So as you guys see in the question, I have this issue. I mean, I really can't see whats the problem, maybe it is something stupid, but I can't figure it out. So here is the code : #include <stdio.h> int main() { int i,n; int niz[100]; int brojac[100]={0}; int maxi,mini; printf("Sada unesi clanove niza: \n"); for(i=0;i<100;i++) { scanf("%d",&niz[i]); if(niz[i]==-1) { printf("Unijeli ste -1, a to znaci kraj unosenja clanova niza.\n"); break; } if(niz[i]<0 \|\| niz[i]>100){ printf("Pogresan unos. On se nece pikati.\n"); i--; } } n=i; //POVECAVAMO VRIJEDNOST NEKIH CLANOVA HISTOGRAMA(SVI CLANOVI VEC POSTOJE, I INICIJALIZOVANI SU NULOM) for(i=0;i<n;i++) { brojac[niz[i]]++; } maxi=0; mini=-1; //Nadji INDEX NAJVECEG ELEMENTA HISTOGRAMA for(i=0;i<=100;i++) { if(brojac[i]>brojac[maxi]) { maxi=i; } if(brojac[i]>0 && (mini==-1 \|\| brojac[i]<brojac[mini])) { mini=i; } } printf("Element niza koji se ponavlja najveci broj puta(a koji je i najamnji ako takvih brojeva ima vise je: %d\n",maxi); printf("Element niza koji se ponavlja najmanji broj puta(a koji je i najamnji ako takvih brojeva ima vise je: %d",mini); return 0; } A: So, the program is trying to determine the most reoccurring number entered between 1 and 100 inclusive. You method is to store the 100 numbers in an array niz[], then traverse that array and store the number of times a digit occurred in the equivalent index in another array brojac[]. So if nix[1]= 8 then brojac[8]++; Another solution is to read the digit into a temp value and if it's within range, then increase the value stored at the index of the number in the array. Be sure to initialize all values on nix[] to zero first. Example: 3 is entered. 3 is stored in temp. 3 is within range so niz[temp]= niz[temp]++; But anyway, the problem is maxi=0; mini=-1; //Nadji INDEX NAJVECEG ELEMENTA HISTOGRAMA for(i=0;i<=100;i++) {// here if(brojac[i]>brojac[maxi]) { maxi=i; } if(brojac[i]>0 && (mini==-1 \|\| brojac[i]<brojac[mini])) { // and here mini=i; } } that line 'if(brojac[i]>0 && (mini==-1 \|\| brojac[i] for the first case where i=0 and mini = -1 reads 'if(brojac[0]>0 && (mini==-1 \|\| brojac[0] brojac[-1] doesn't exist there for you are references some random point in memory that can contain anything. The correction is: maxi=1; mini=1; //Nadji INDEX NAJVECEG ELEMENTA HISTOGRAMA for(i=1;i<=100;i++) {// i was set to zero, it's set to one cause the range the code accepts is between 1 and 100 if(brojac[i]>brojac[maxi]) { maxi=i; } if(brojac[i]<brojac[mini]) { mini=i; } }	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
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Device Sector Thrives on Fair Market Access Mark Leahey identifies some of the obstacles to a free market in medical devices. These must be eliminated if physician choice, patient care and innovation are to be preserved. Mark Leahey The issue of open and fair market access continues to be a priority for the medical technology industry in 2006. This is not an issue that simply impacts on OEMs; it also affects patients, physicians, venture capitalists and contract manufacturers. All of these groups have a stake in eliminating current marketplace barriers in the USA and elsewhere that serve to exclude innovative technologies, and in preventing any new barriers from being erected. Unfortunately, some in Washington do not see it this way. While efforts are ongoing to reform the anti-competitive practices of certain Group Purchasing Organisations (GPOs), new programmes are currently being considered that would attempt to legitimise such barriers under the guise that they produce better patient outcomes. GAINSHARING PROGRAMME One such programme is known as device contract gainsharing. There is no verifiable way to measure patient outcomes under gainsharing, and, if improperly structured, it can provide physicians with a financial incentive to limit the technology they use, restrict patient care and use the cheapest products. Most worrying of all, the industry group currently being scrutinized by the US Senate’s Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee for practices that compromise patient care – the GPOs – is the same one offering the most vocal support for gainsharing, a programme that is supposed to improve patient outcomes. Activity in Washington related to gainsharing and the GPO issue now needs to include action on behalf of all parties interested in preserving physician choice, quality patient care and innovation. Proponents of gainsharing claim that the programme will create greater physician involvement in the delivery of healthcare. Under the theoretical model of gainsharing, physicians would work together with hospital administrators to identify the best products and the best price. However, the practical implementation of gainsharing has had the opposite effect. For example, HCA – the largest for-profit hospital chain in the USA – has implemented an orthopedic gainsharing programme where physicians are prohibited from using any vendor other than the three that are part of the gainsharing arrangement. Yet proponents claim these arrangements are voluntary. These types of relationships compromise the physician-patient relationship and remain illegal. However, some are seeking to weaken the laws and permit an expansion of these programmes. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMME On 8 February 2006, President George W Bush signed the Deficit Reduction Act into law. This law permits the formation of a limited gainsharing demonstration programme. While this is merely a demonstration programme, proponents of gainsharing have made it clear that they would like to see a broad exemption to current laws and the permitting of gainsharing on a wider basis. What was most disappointing was the fact that the language in the act permitting the gainsharing demonstration was included at the eleventh hour and was not endorsed by many members of the US Congress, the medical technology industry or patients. “Proponents of gainsharing claim that the programme will create greater physician involvement in the delivery of healthcare.” Many were surprised that the gainsharing demonstration programme was included in the budget bill because it had not been vetted thoroughly by Congress, and even some within the government had serious concerns about the programme. There was only one congressional hearing on the issue and many witnesses expressed concern with the programme. At the congressional hearing, Lewis Morris, chief counsel to the Office of the Inspector General (OIG) at the US Department of Health and Human Services expressed concerns about the legalisation of widespread gainsharing. Morris testified that the OIG ‘thinks it is a real risk that gainsharing will compromise patient care’. He added that the OIG believes that gainsharing arrangements should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to ensure that the practice is implemented constructively and with minimal risks to beneficiaries. Martin Emerson, Coe of American Medical Systems, testified during the hearing that relaxing the current laws to legalise gainsharing would be a ‘severe impediment’ to the development and rapid diffusion of new technology, and that it would have a ‘negative impact’ on small medical device companies. He went on to say that gainsharing would reduce patient access to new technologies, eliminate important therapeutic and diagnostic choices for doctors, and harm patients as a result. Andrew Imparato, president and chief executive of the American Association of People with Disabilities, testified that gainsharing would inadvertently harm patients and jeopardise quality care. He quoted a RAND report published last year that said vulnerable and disabled seniors receive only about half the care that would be recommended for people with their health conditions. Imparato also noted that short-term savings could harm long-term outcomes. Gainsharing only rewards physicians for producing short-term savings, and does not take any long-term view of how best to help patients, he said. Imparato also suggested that gainsharing penalises specialist physicians who care for high-risk patients. Testimony from gainsharing supporters included a submission from Joane Goodroe, a consultant who stands to benefit if gainsharing is legalised. Goodroe’s consulting firm has proprietary software that purports to measure patient outcomes. However, many physicians and patients question the effectiveness of the software. Goodroe is also an important link between the proponents of gainsharing and the GPO industry. VHA, a national alliance of 2,400 not-for-profit healthcare organisations in the USA, recently purchased Goodroe Consulting. What is also troubling is the fact that Goodroe Consulting’s chief operating officer is also senior vice-president of research and business development at VHA. Furthermore, VHA is the primary owner of Novation, the largest GPO, which, as reported in the New York Times, has often excluded superior products at a better price because of its close financial ties to a select group of dominant suppliers. The New York Times has also reported that Novation is under investigation by the US Department of Justice for potential Medicare fraud violations. Given these developments, many question the assurances given by Goodroe and her business partner, VHA. However, all is not lost. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is charged with overseeing the creation and implementation of the gainsharing demonstrations. The agency’s goal is to ensure that the healthcare system is operating effectively and efficiently. CMS administrator Dr Mark McClellan often stresses the importance of promoting personalised patient care, which will increase the quality of care and ultimately decrease costs. Patients, physicians and the device industry agree. That is why the gainsharing demonstrations must be structured in such a way that physicians are rewarded for better outcomes and not given an incentive to limit their choices or restrict patient care. It is imperative that all parties express their position to CMS to ensure that the programme is developed and implemented in the best interests of patient care and innovation. FLAWED GPO MODEL With GPOs endorsing gainsharing programmes that limit physician choice or restrict care, the need to reform the industry has never been greater. For years, GPOs have been shown to exclude better, more cost-effective technologies from the hospital marketplace as a result of receiving billions of dollars in fees from suppliers. All this has been covered at length in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times and other publications. “Open and fair market access is essential to ensure that patient care is not compromised and that innovation flourishes.” The US Senate’s Judiciary Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights Subcommittee has held three hearings on this issue, with a fourth coming up in spring 2006. The focus of the hearing will be to determine if self-policing codes by the GPO industry have been effective in reforming the industry or whether legislation is required to ensure comprehensive, verifiable and lasting reforms. Judging by numerous reports from medical technology companies, instances of GPOs requiring substantial fees in exchange for a GPO contract continue to occur. In addition, certain companies continue to be at a disadvantage because the GPO or the select dominant supplier they are doing business with continue to bundle unrelated products together and make significant ‘discounts’ conditional on the purchase of the entire bundle. This sets up a scenario where an equally efficient smaller supplier with an improved product at a better price is unable to compete against a dominant supplier that leverages its scope of products and not the quality or cost of the product. This kind of behaviour reduces the quality of care while increasing its cost. The OIG is reviewing the GPOs and the billions of dollars the industry receives in ‘administration fees’ from suppliers. In addition to the two audits issued in 2005, which found that six GPOs collected $2.3bn in fees ($1.6bn in excess of operations), the OIG has included a further review of the GPO industry in its 2006 work plan. A FREE AND COMPETITIVE MARKET While the cost of healthcare is escalating, the blame does not rest with the medical device industry. The increasing costs of some technologies must be weighed against the tremendous advances in patient care that result from their use. However, there are ways to make the healthcare system more efficient. The most direct and effective way is to promote policies that create open market access, thus increasing competition. This will enhance outcomes and reduce costs. Device contract gainsharing does not address the larger issue of competition, and as a result it will do little, if anything, to create efficiencies in the healthcare market. Open and fair market access is essential to ensure that patient care is not compromised and that innovation flourishes. It is in companies’ best interests to get engaged in the process and support efforts to create an open, free and competitive market. ICT Investment Trends in Benelux: Stable economy and inclination towards technology inducing ICT investments Immersive AR and VR Experiences ÔÇô Driving Tangible Benefits Across Enterprises AWM Smart Shelf - Tech Innovator Profile Smart Speakers - Thematic Research Tech Innovator Profile - AWM Smart Shelf Department of Justice and Regulation HCA Inc VHA Inc Coe Limited Medicare Corp.	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6554548144340515, 'wiki_prob': 0.3445451855659485, 'source': 'cc/2023-06/en_head_0011.json.gz/line1624707'}
Q: Android how to get user Facebook information when user is already logged in How can I get users facebook information when he is already logged in? I think I am doing everything fine but its not working.. 1st. I am getting the accessToken and checking if it exists. If it does exist I try to get user data. AccessToken accessToken = AccessToken.getCurrentAccessToken(); if (accessToken != null) { String userData = getUserDataFromFacebook(accessToken, headerTitle); headerTitle.setText(userData); } 2nd. I try to get the user data the same way as i would get it at the first facebook login. getUserDataFromFacebook: private String getUserDataFromFacebook(AccessToken accessToken, final TextView headerTitle) { Log.v("LoginActivity", "I am here"); // this log works GraphRequest.newMeRequest( accessToken, new GraphRequest.GraphJSONObjectCallback() { @Override public void onCompleted(JSONObject object, GraphResponse response) { Log.v("LoginActivity", "RESPONSE: " + response); //this log doesn`t work. // Application code try { Log.v("LoginActivity", "I am here"); //this log doesn`t work name = object.getString("name"); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); return name; } The biggest problem is that the the onCompleted method is not called and I cant access any of the information. I have no idea why.. P.S. I am terrible at Java and this is my first android application. A: You're not actually executing the request. GraphRequest request = GraphRequest.newMeRequest( accessToken, new GraphRequest.GraphJSONObjectCallback() { @Override public void onCompleted( JSONObject object, GraphResponse response) { // your logic } }); Bundle parameters = new Bundle(); parameters.putString("fields", "id,name,link"); request.setParameters(parameters); request.executeAsync(); Keep in mind this is an Async call so you can't return the name from the function like you've tried to do. Instead you'll have to implement a callback mechanism.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
With Monday’s bond sale, the US Treasury maxed out on the current national debt ceiling limit of $14.294 trillion, stepping up pressure on Congress to raise the debt limit by Aug. 2, when Treasury officials estimate that funds will run out. The prospect of a government default is sharpening lines of demarcation between Washington's business establishment, which wants Congress to simply raise the debt limit, and many tea party-backed lawmakers, who don't. It's an uncomfortable schism for the two sides, and it has the powerful US Chamber of Commerce and other big business interests working overtime to try to come to terms with those lawmakers – led by the GOP freshmen and other tea party politicians – disinclined to raise the debt limit absent strong curbs on future spending. After all, the two are usually allies on legislative matters. The tea party movement calls for lower taxes and less regulation – interests shared by corporate America. Tea party candidates called for defunding President Obama's health-care reform on grounds that it creates uncertainty for businesses and stifles job creation. Tea party supporters are also more likely to back private enterprise – and trust it to benefit the nation – than are most Americans, polls show. But a rift over the debt ceiling sets up a deeper clash between these two primarily Republican camps. The tea party is all about chopping the size and scope of government, something that doesn't sit all that well with businesses that depend on government spending and contracts – especially if it means taking the country to the brink of a default over the national debt. The White House hopes, of course, to turn this situation to its advantage. Mr. Obama and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner are reaching out to top business leaders to help them make their case for a prompt congressional vote to raise the debt limit, before international creditors get anxious. Besides the US Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers and the Financial Services Forum have been talking since January with the House freshman class to urge compromise. "Raising the debt limit has traditionally always been a partisan-vote exercise – whatever party has the White House, it's their burden to find the votes," says R. Bruce Josten, the Chamber's executive vice president for government affairs. "But this time, I will bet you it will require 50-50 [effort from Democrats and Republicans] – or near 50-50 – to get it done. We are in a whole new realm of negotiation." Lobbying lawmakers On Friday, the Chamber released a letter to Congress from a coalition of trade groups urging a “yes” vote on raising the debt ceiling no later than Aug. 2. “Failure to raise the debt by that time would create uncertainty and fear, and threaten the credit rating of the United States,” wrote Mr. Josten. He added that Congress must also address the growing debt and the nation’s finances: “It is imperative that any path to deficit reduction focus on growing the economy and the tax base and cutting spending, especially mandatory spending, rather than shortsighted tax increases,” he added. Grass-roots tea party groups, meanwhile, are pushing to hold conservative lawmakers to their pledges to vote against raising the ceiling – or to do so only if Congress enacts new spending limits. "Most of the grass-roots movement is becoming impatient with the big business community's insistence that the federal government must remain a trough in which we can sop up our goodies," says former House majority leader Richard Armey, a Texas Republican who helped launch the tea party movement as chairman of FreedomWorks. Republicans oppose raising the debt limit by 70 percent to 8 percent and want their member of Congress to vote against the measure, according to a Gallup poll, released on Friday. Democrats favor raising the ceiling by 33 percent to 26 percent. Independents oppose raising the debt ceiling by a 47 percent to 19 percent margin, the poll concludes. Another poll, released Monday and focusing on the impact of default, finds that most Americans see the prospect of a default on the national debt as “disastrous,” but Republicans and tea-party supporters less so. Only 49 percent of Republicans and 43 percent of strong tea-party supporters said that default would be “disastrous,” while 38 percent of Republicans and 43 percent of tea-party supporters said that consequences would not be serious, according to the Politico-George Washington University battleground poll. In contrast with big business groups, the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), representing 350,000 small businesses, has opposed a big federal stimulus and is focused on cutting deficits and reining in the debt. "Our members are very concerned about the deficit and the debt. They absolutely want Congress to figure out these issues," says chief executive officer and president Dan Danner, noting that 25 NFIB members were elected to Congress in 2010. "Certainly, small-business owners on Main Street, with 10 or 15 employees, are a lot different than General Motors or General Electric. The stimulus has not worked for small business." Counting the votes Getting an accurate count of where lawmakers stand on the debt ceiling is fast becoming a cottage industry in Washington. The US Chamber of Commerce cites estimates that no more than 27 GOP House freshmen are committed to voting against raising the debt limit, period. Budget analyst Stanley Collender of Qorvis Communications writes that "there could be at least 80 GOP votes against raising it, no matter what the impact might be on interest rates, stock prices, and the economy." Conservative groups aim to hold Republican lawmakers to their campaign pledges to stand firm on the debt ceiling. "The debt ceiling ... is a crisis that Republicans should not waste," says former Rep. Chris Chocola, an Indiana Republican who is now president of the Club for Growth, best known for financing primary challengers to Republicans viewed as not conservative enough. "They need to change the fundamental rules – and it needs to be more than spending cuts," he says. The most efficient way to rein in government spending, he adds, is a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution, along the lines proposed by freshman Sen. Mike Lee (R) of Utah, a member of the Senate Tea Party Caucus. "This will be the most important vote they take in this Congress," says Mr. Chocola. In the Senate, all 47 Republicans are committed to a balanced budget amendment, along with some Democrats – but probably not enough to get the required 66 votes. "The Chamber of Commerce has a legitimate point of view.... But we should not be so eager to jump on the bandwagon that bad things will happen if we don't raise the debt limit without asking what bad things will happen if we do raise it," says Senator Lee. "If we raise the debt ceiling, we have to ask what we are doing to make sure we do not face this problem again."	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
We are pleased to announce the first annual Meet the Birth Photographers Night! Come join Laura Fifield Photography, Natalie Bee Photography, Susan Johnson Photography, and Esther Edith Photography on June 21st, from 6:30-8pm, at Mother’s Haven. We will have a live Q&A with the birth photography panel, meet & greet with individuals, raffle giveaways, and drinks/snacks served. We all are looking very forward to meeting with everyone, and answering all your questions.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-24T02:35:58Z', 'url': 'https://www.nataliebeephotography.com/blog/meet-the-birth-photographers-night-at-mothers-haven-spokane-washington-birth-photographer', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
SC Book Awards SC People SC Counties SC Glossary Mercer Silas Bailey Clinton Cotton Mill owned by Mercer Silas Bailey. 1908. Image courtesy of the Library of Congress. (1841-1926) M.S. Bailey was a successful businessman in Clinton, who owned two cotton mills and was active in banking and other local businesses. Mercer Silas Bailey-article from The Clothmaker Discus Resources* * Requires access to the Discus databases. Learn more here. SC People Categories Political and Government Leaders Athletes and Coaches Civil Rights Activists SC Discus Visit Discus, SC’s Virtual Library, to discover more about famous people. Discus Resources These links require access to the Discus databases. Learn more here. Explore an extensive list of people who were born in South Carolina, including actors, scientists, educators, and more! Search for your favorite South Carolina born authors. Copyright © 2020. All rights reserved. StudySC is a service of the South Carolina State Library and is funded in part by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services.	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6574174761772156, 'wiki_prob': 0.6574174761772156, 'source': 'cc/2020-05/en_middle_0036.json.gz/line141346'}
FAQ – Portable Toilets, Portable Restrooms \| Northwest, PA. How many units am I going to need? What are the minimum rental requirements? How far in advance do I need to reserve my unit? Our top of the line Flush Units tend to be most popular. With this in mind, as soon as you know the event date(s), please call and reserve your unit or you may fill out the contact form. Will my unit be restocked if I'm having an all day, weekend or week long event? Absolutely. We offer well-trained attendants, who will clean, maintain and restock the facilities for the duration of the event. What services are included in the cost? And will there be additional fees? All Set-up fees, delivery and pick-up fees are included in the cost of our units. Additional fees may apply for the following: location is more than 50 miles from us, if an on-site attendant is requested and/or if the unit needs to be delivered on a Saturday and/or picked up on a Sunday. Typically, we deliver on Wednesday, Thursdays or Fridays and pick-up on Mondays or Tuesdays for a weekend event. How will I know what time my unit will arrive? You will receive a confirmation call the day before your scheduled delivery date. You will also receive a notification call before delivery. When do I pay for my unit? When reserving our units we ask for you to hold your rental with a valid credit card. Payment will be due C.O.D or you may choose to pay with a credit card at time or order. What if I want to see the unit in person? Please let us know if you are interested in seeing a unit in person and we will be happy to schedule an appointment to show you our top of the line products! Why should I choose Bill's Service to provide the portable restrooms for my event? We take pride in delivering restroom facilities that are thoroughly cleaned, well maintained and suitable for your event. It is our commitment to superior service and our top of the line products that make Bill’s Service Company the leader in the portable restroom industry today! How many units will I need for a construction job site? —One portable restroom unit for 1-10 people. —Two portable restroom units for 11-20 people. —Three portable restroom units for 21-30 people. —Four portable restroom units for 31-40 people. —Add one additional unit for every ten people. Two month minimum rental for no delivery or pick up fee. Are there standard fees for the various restroom units? Yes, rates may vary according to quantity and type of unit. It’s a good idea to call as far in advance as possible. We will work with your schedule, just give us a call or fill out the contact form. All delivery and pick-fees, the initial set-up and restocking service as well as weekly cleaning are included in the cost of each unit. Each unit will arrive clean and equipped with all the necessities. You will receive a notification call before delivery. We require a contact person to be on-site for unit placement and confirmation. If no one can be on-site for delivery, other arrangements can be made convenient for you and your schedule. For all new customers, the first delivery we require to be C.O.D. or we accept most major credit cards. After that, you may choose to go on our 30 day billing cycle. We will be happy to forward a credit application to you. Why should I choose Bill's Service for my portable restroom needs? We take pride in delivering restroom facilities that are thoroughly cleaned, well maintained and suitable for your job site. It is our commitment to superior service and our high quality line of products that make Bill’s Service Company the leader in portable restroom industry today. Keep your guests comfortable with portable restroom rentals from our company in Knox, Pennsylvania.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-25T15:54:23Z', 'url': 'http://billsserviceco.com/portable_restrooms_knox_pennsylvania_pa/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
BEIJING:On Thursday, the U.S. State Department has declared its support with Japan over a territorial dispute with China in regards to the Diayou Islands. The U.S. military has pledged to defend Japan if necessary. Reuters reports that, “the uninhabited islets in the East China Sea at the center of a bitter dispute between China and Japan are ‘clearly’ covered by a 1960 security treaty obliging the United States to come to Japan’s aid if attacked, a top U.S. diplomat said on Thursday.” Kurt Campbell, assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, told a U.S. Senate Foreign Relations subcommittee that,“we do not take a position on the ultimate sovereignty of these islands. We do acknowledge clearly … that Japan maintains effective administrative control … and, as such, this falls clearly under Article 5 of the Security Treaty.” According to Reuters, “he told the Senate subcommittee that recent violent anti-Japanese demonstrations in China and other actions that stoked tensions were a growing worry to the United States.” The U.S. and Japan signed the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security in 1960. Article 5 states, “each party recognizes that an armed attack against either party in the territories under the administration of Japan would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional provisions and processes.”	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-10-00934} =============== In recent years, as 3D printing technology advances, its application has extended from mechanical components to functional devices including energy storage devices \[[@B1-materials-10-00934]\], biomedical devices \[[@B2-materials-10-00934],[@B3-materials-10-00934],[@B4-materials-10-00934]\], electrical/electronic devices \[[@B5-materials-10-00934],[@B6-materials-10-00934]\], and so forth. These emerging applications may have great impacts on the current design methodologies of functional devices. With the aid of 3D printing, 3D architectures that were impossible to fabricate in the past have now become very simple and convenient to prepare. Device performance can be greatly enhanced based on novel and unconventional 3D-printed architectures. For energy storage devices, there have been several demonstrations of 3D-printed devices including lithium-ion batteries \[[@B7-materials-10-00934],[@B8-materials-10-00934],[@B9-materials-10-00934],[@B10-materials-10-00934]\], super capacitors \[[@B11-materials-10-00934]\] and redox flow cells \[[@B12-materials-10-00934]\], among others. Among all these applications, 3D-printed lithium-ion batteries have drawn much attention due to its wide applications and enormous impacts on modern society \[[@B13-materials-10-00934],[@B14-materials-10-00934],[@B15-materials-10-00934]\]. In a conventional lithium-ion battery, cathode and anode plates are fabricated by roller coating of active materials on current collectors, and then parallel layer-stacking or winding with each other \[[@B16-materials-10-00934]\]. Therefore, conventional batteries are fundamentally 2D designs. However, 2D design has unavoidable challenges due to the trade-off between energy density and power density \[[@B17-materials-10-00934]\]. Three-dimensional (3D) lithium-ion battery architectures have been proposed to tackle this issue \[[@B18-materials-10-00934]\]. In a 3D lithium-ion battery, energy density can be improved by increasing the electrode height to accommodate more active materials while maintaining the Li-ion diffusion length constant. Therefore, the energy density can be enhanced without sacrificing power density \[[@B19-materials-10-00934],[@B20-materials-10-00934],[@B21-materials-10-00934]\]. To date, 3D lithium-ion batteries have been produced using many technologies including lithographic methods, electro-deposition, atomic layer deposition and various template synthesis methods \[[@B17-materials-10-00934]\]. Although significant progress has been achieved, the fabrication of 3D lithium-ion battery in a simple and low-cost way remains a challenge. In recent years, some research groups have tried to fabricate 3D lithium-ion batteries using 3D printing due to its convenience and declining cost. J. A. Lewis's group demonstrated the first 3D-printed 3D lithium-ion battery \[[@B10-materials-10-00934]\]. 3D interdigitated lithium-ion batteries composed of LiFePO~4~ (LFP) cathode and Li~4~Ti~5~O~12~ (LTO) anode were manufactured. Liangbing Hu's group developed graphene oxide-based LFP/LTO inks to improve the electrical conductivity of LFP and LTO electrodes \[[@B7-materials-10-00934]\]. They also developed solid-state electrolyte inks to achieve all-component 3D-printed lithium-ion batteries. Feng Pan's group developed a novel ink LiMn~0.21~Fe~0.79~PO~4~ (LMFP) with doping of Mn and carbon coating \[[@B8-materials-10-00934]\]. 3D-printed LMFP cathode was fabricated and showed impressive electrical performance such as high capacity and rate performance. Ryan R. Kohlmeyer et al. developed a universal approach to fabricate 3D-printable lithium-ion battery electrodes \[[@B9-materials-10-00934]\]. Well-dispersed mixture of active materials, carbon nanofibers and polymer were used to make printable electrode inks. By tuning the ratios of these components, LFP and LTO electrodes can be fabricated using direct ink writing process. Previous research mainly focused on the development of novel inks based on the modification of active materials to improve the electrical performance of 3D-printed lithium-ion batteries. Besides inks, 3D-printing technologies also play an important role. To date, room temperature extrusion-based direct ink writing process has been used to fabricate 3D electrodes. For successful deposition of electrode ink layer upon layer, it is crucial to maintain the structural integrity and strength of printed features during the printing process. However, the electrode ink flows easily and it is difficult to maintain the shape. To solve the problem, J. A. Lewis's group developed a graded volatility solvent system in which water evaporation induces partial solidification to ensure the shape and structural integrity of printed features \[[@B10-materials-10-00934]\]. In our study, low temperature direct writing (LTDW)-based 3D printing was used to fabricate 3D LFP electrodes for the first time. LFP ink was deposited into a low temperature chamber (−40 degrees Celsius) and froze as the ink was printed layer by layer. Then the frozen electrode was further freeze-dried to obtain a porous 3D electrode. Unlike the previously mentioned studies that used the evaporation of solvent to induce ink solidification, low temperature was used to freeze the electrode and maintain its shape and structural integrity in the present study. LTDW was usually used to fabricate biomaterial scaffolds with interconnected pores and graded porosity \[[@B22-materials-10-00934],[@B23-materials-10-00934],[@B24-materials-10-00934]\]. In this study, 3D-printed LFP electrode was fabricated by LTDW. LFP inks capable of freezing at low temperature were prepared and the rheological behavior were measured. The printing process was optimized and printing accuracy variation with processing parameters was obtained. Printing results were compared between LTDW and conventional room temperature extrusion-based printing process. Results showed that LTDW can significantly improve the structural integrity while serious collapse of printed features was observed with conventional method. The microstructure, pore size and distribution were characterized using -scanning electron microscope (SU-70, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), N~2~ adsorption isotherms (ASAP2020, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA) and mercury porosimetry (AutoPore IV, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Results showed that highly-porous 3D LFP electrodes with improved porosity can be obtained using LTDW. The improved porosity can promote the infiltration and contact of electrolyte with electrode active materials and, therefore, is beneficial to the lithium-ion diffusion and intercalation process which greatly influence the rate performance of lithium-ion batteries. 2. Experimental {#sec2-materials-10-00934} =============== 2.1. Materials Preparation {#sec2dot1-materials-10-00934} -------------------------- To obtain a printable LiFePO~4~ ink capable of freezing at low temperature, the ink composition, ratio and preparation process need to be carefully designed. The ink composition can be divided into three parts: active materials like LiFePO~4~; additives including binders and conductive agents, and; solvents that dissolve polymer binders to make a polymer solution. Powders including active materials and conductive agents were evenly dispersed into the binder polymer solution to prepare the ink. In the composite materials, the only freezable agent is the solvent. Usually, for conventional LiFePO~4~ slurry, the solvent is NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) and the binder is PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)). In LTDW, freezing rate plays an important part in the freezing of the ink during the printing process. To achieve a high freezing rate, a large undercooling degree is required but is very difficult to execute for NMP with a freezing point of −24 degrees Celsius. Therefore, ink composition and ratios used in conventional lithium-ion batteries are not applicable in LTDW process and new materials need to be developed. In our study, 1,4 dioxane was added into the solvent system and functioned as the freezing agent due to its high freezing point (11.8 degrees Celsius) and low specific heat capacity. 1,4 dioxane and deionized water were mixed to obtain a mixed solution. CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) was used as the binder to be dissolved in the mixed solution. Then, LiFePO~4~ powder was added and stirred by a vacuum mixer to obtain the prepared ink. To avoid possible clogging due to agglomeration, the ink was filtered by a mesh screen to remove large clusters. 2.2. LTDW Process {#sec2dot2-materials-10-00934} ----------------- The schematic of the LTDW process is shown in [Figure 1](#materials-10-00934-f001){ref-type="fig"}. The first step is CAD modeling of 3D electrodes using CAD software (Solidworks, Dassault Systemes, Paris, France). Then the CAD model was digitally sliced into layers to obtain the slice file. Ink was loaded into a syringe and extruded through a micro-nozzle and deposited layer by layer according to the CNC (computer numerical control) paths of the slice file. Then the printed electrode was transferred to a freeze-drying machine to remove the solvents and a porous electrode was obtained. Toward this goal, a LTDW machine (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China) (shown in [Figure 2](#materials-10-00934-f002){ref-type="fig"}) composed of a low temperature chamber, an extrusion nozzle, a XYZ motion stage, a CNC control system and GUI software was developed. The printing head was equipped with a heating unit to avoid the solidification of LFP inks. The LFP ink loaded in the syringe was extruded by a step motor-driven extrusion rod and deposited into the low temperature chamber. With the scanning of printing head in the XY direction, printed LFP materials lines are deposited layer by layer to form 3D porous electrodes. 2.3. Characterization {#sec2dot3-materials-10-00934} --------------------- Rheological behavior of the prepared LFP inks was measured using rotational rheometer (AR1000, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Appropriate compositions and ratios of LFP inks were selected according to the rheological results. The accuracy of the printed electrodes was characterized using an advanced optical 3D microscope (VHX-5000, Keygence, Osaka, Japan). The printing parameters influencing the printing accuracy were examined and optimal printing parameters were obtained. Detailed microstructures of the printed electrodes was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SU-70, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured on ASAP 2020(Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). The specific surface area was computed using the multipoint Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Pore size and distribution was computed using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. Since nitrogen adsorption method was only capable of characterizing pores in the diameter rang of 2 nm\~200 nm. Mercury porosimetry was performed to measure the pore size, distribution and porosity on mercury intrusion machine (AutoPore IV, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). To verify the impact of the porous structure on the rate performance of LiFePO~4~ electrodes, the rate performance of LiFePO~4~ electrodes fabricated by LTDW process and conventional roller coating method was compared. The electrodes were assembled into coin-type half-cells using Li-metal as the counter electrode. The charge/discharge performance was conducted at cutoff voltage between 2.5 and 4.2 V. The current rate was 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 C. Cycle performance was also studied at 0.5 C for 100 cycles. 3. Results {#sec3-materials-10-00934} ========== 3.1. Rheological Properties of LFP Slurries {#sec3dot1-materials-10-00934} ------------------------------------------- CMC is a commonly used binder for lithium-ion batteries. In addition to binding the LFP particles, CMC can also be used to adjust the viscosity of the LFP ink that is very important to its printability. To investigate the influence of CMC content on the apparent viscosity of LFP ink, CMC aqueous solutions with the loading of 1 wt %, 1.33 wt %, 2 wt %, and 4 wt % were prepared. Results showed that with the increase of CMC content, the viscosity increased dramatically (shown in [Figure 3](#materials-10-00934-f003){ref-type="fig"}). When the CMC content reached 2%, the apparent viscosity varied between 10 Pa·s and 100 Pa·s (shear rate 1\~50 S^−1^). The adding of 1,4 dioxane to the solvent system had an important impact on the solution properties. The apparent viscosity of CMC-water-1,4 dioxane solution was greatly reduced (shown in [Figure 3](#materials-10-00934-f003){ref-type="fig"}). The apparent viscosity increased with the increase of 1,4 dioxane proportion in the solvent system. When the 1,4 dioxane proportion exceeded 50%, white flocs were observed as CMC could not completely dissolve in the solvent. As a result, 50% proportion was selected. Then LFP particles were mixed into the CMC-water-1,4 dioxane solution to obtain the LFP ink. The apparent viscosity increased remarkably with the increase of LFP amount. When the amount of LFP powder reached 25 g/50 mL, the apparent viscosity of LFP ink varied between 50 Pa·s and 500 Pa·s (shear rate 1\~50 S^−1^). If the amount of LFP exceeded 25 g/50 mL, the ink tended to dry very quickly and the dried particles greatly affected the printing fluency and continuity. After careful evaluation, LFP ink with 25 g LFP powder dispersed in 50 mL CMC solution (25 mL water and 25 mL 1,4 dioxane) was selected for the LTDW process. In our experiments, the printable maximum and minimum mass loading of active materials in the LFP slurry was 30 g/50 mL and 15 g/50 mL, respectively. 3.2. Printing Process Optimization and Accuracy Characterization {#sec3dot2-materials-10-00934} ---------------------------------------------------------------- For the LTDW process, main printing parameters include: extrusion speed v~j~, scanning speed v~xy~ and layer thickness h~s~. To investigate the influence of printing parameters on the printing results, an orthogonal test scheme L~9~(3^3^) was designed (shown in [Table 1](#materials-10-00934-t001){ref-type="table"}). Printing tests were carried out using a grid pattern with the dimensions of 20 mm × 20 mm × 2 mm with line spacing of 1 mm. The printing results are shown in [Figure 4](#materials-10-00934-f004){ref-type="fig"}. It can be seen that the printing parameters have important impacts on the fabrication results. From the printed patterns shown in [Figure 4](#materials-10-00934-f004){ref-type="fig"}a--e, disconnection and discontinuity of the printed lines can be observed as a result of non-uniform materials supply caused by inappropriate combination of printing parameters. In [Figure 4](#materials-10-00934-f004){ref-type="fig"}f--i, by contrast, clear and continuous printed patterns can be seen. However, the printed line width varied with different combinations of printing parameters. [Figure 4](#materials-10-00934-f004){ref-type="fig"}i exhibits the best printing accuracy with the finest line width. To characterize the printing accuracy, the values of line width and diagonal distance of the intersection point are shown in [Figure 5](#materials-10-00934-f005){ref-type="fig"}. Three groups of parameters displayed in bold in [Table 1](#materials-10-00934-t001){ref-type="table"} with good printing quality are compared. A unit flow equivalent number was defined as: v~j~/(v~xy~ × h~s~). The number denotes that unit flow is proportional to the extrusion speed and inversely proportional to the scanning speed and layer thickness. The variation of line width and diagonal distance with equivalent number is shown in [Figure 5](#materials-10-00934-f005){ref-type="fig"}d. It can be seen that both line width and diagonal distance increased with the increase of the equivalent number. The best line width of 250 μm using parameters v~j~ = 0.003 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm can be obtained. To further characterize the printing accuracy on the height direction, a comb-shaped LFP electrode was printed and shown in [Figure 6](#materials-10-00934-f006){ref-type="fig"}. The LFP electrodes were printed with 8 layers, 12 layers and 16 layers, respectively. Then the height of LFP electrodes was measured, and the variation of electrode height with the number of layers is shown in [Figure 6](#materials-10-00934-f006){ref-type="fig"}d. It can be seen that the actual height of printed electrodes was about 85% of the theoretical values, indicating the existence of possible material spreading. We guess there are some factors in the whole process that may lead to the spreading of material, including the exposure of materials to the atmosphere and the freeze-drying process. Although the spreading of materials may be difficult to eliminate, the height reduction did not influence the printed shape and the mechanical integrity can be well maintained. To further verify the effectiveness of LTDW in maintaining the shape of printed LFP electrodes, comparison was made between the patterns printed at low temperature and at room temperature respectively using exactly the same printing parameters. The printed results are shown in [Figure 7](#materials-10-00934-f007){ref-type="fig"}. It can be seen that serious spreading of materials can be observed for patterns printed at room temperature. Both the line width and diagonal distance were much larger than LTDW printed ones. The comparison between the two printed patterns indicates that LTDW can effectively improve the capacity for maintain the shape and mechanical integrity in comparison with conventional room temperature methods. 3.3. Microstructure Characterization {#sec3dot3-materials-10-00934} ------------------------------------ To characterize the microstructure of the 3D-printed LFP electrodes, SEM images were taken on the surface and cross section of both electrodes, as shown in [Figure 8](#materials-10-00934-f008){ref-type="fig"} and [Figure 9](#materials-10-00934-f009){ref-type="fig"}, respectively. Porous features can be observed both on the surface and the cross section. The LFP particles were bonded by CMC binders. The diameter of LFP particles ranges from 1μm to 10μm. The pores and voids between LFP particles that provide space for electrolyte can be observed and have very important impacts on the electrochemical performance. 3.4. Characterization of Pore Volume, Size and Distribution {#sec3dot4-materials-10-00934} ----------------------------------------------------------- To further characterize the pore size and distribution, nitrogen adsorption isotherms were measured. The incremental pore volume variation with pore diameter and cumulative pore volume varied with pore diameter are shown in [Figure 10](#materials-10-00934-f010){ref-type="fig"}. It can be seen that the incremental pore volume for pores of diameter less than 30 nm is approximately the same for LTDW and room temperature printed electrodes. For pores of diameter over 50 nm, LTDW printed electrodes had larger pore volume than room temperature printed electrodes. From the cumulative pore volume curves, it can be seen that the total pore volume of LTDW printed electrodes was larger than room temperature printed electrodes. The results indicate that LTDW can be used to print LFP electrodes with improved pore volume. Besides pore volume, the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) specific surface area was also obtained. The specific surface area value was 28.03 m^2^/g for room temperature printed electrodes and 28.13 m^2^/g for LTDW printed electrodes, which are very close. Since the specific surface area was mainly determined by the diameter of LFP particles, the fabrication process had little impact. The SEM images shown in [Figure 8](#materials-10-00934-f008){ref-type="fig"} and [Figure 9](#materials-10-00934-f009){ref-type="fig"} revealed that a large number of pores with diameter over 1 μm existed in the LFP electrodes. Since the nitrogen adsorption isotherms were only capable to characterize the pores in the diameter range of 2\~200 nm. Therefore, in order to better characterize the pore size and distribution, mercury porosimetry capable of measuring pores in the diameter range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers was performed. Pore volume variation with pore diameter is shown in [Figure 11](#materials-10-00934-f011){ref-type="fig"}a and percentage distribution of pores variation with pore diameter is shown in [Figure 11](#materials-10-00934-f011){ref-type="fig"}b. It can be seen that the volume of pores of diameter below 200 nm for LTDW printed electrodes is slightly larger than room temperature printed electrodes. The volume of pores of diameter over 50 μm is approximately identical for electrodes fabricated using both processes. In the diameter range of 200\~50 μm, the pore volume of LTDW printed electrodes is much larger than room temperature printed ones. The porosity of printed electrodes was also obtained by the mercury intrusion process. Results showed that the porosity of the LTDW printed electrodes was 71.8%, while the porosity was 61.4% for room temperature printed ones. 3.5. Electrochemical Performance {#sec3dot5-materials-10-00934} -------------------------------- To verify the effectiveness of the porous structure in improving the rate performance of LiFePO~4~ electrodes, the electrochemical performance of the electrodes fabricated by LTDW process and the conventional roller coating process was compared. To make the results comparable, the mass of the active materials coated on the aluminum foil for both of the two types of electrodes was adjusted to around 4.0 mg. [Figure 12](#materials-10-00934-f012){ref-type="fig"} shows the charge/discharge curves, rate performance and cycle performance of the two types of electrodes. It can be seen that the discharge capacities at various current rates (0.1\~10 C) of the LTDW-fabricated electrodes have been greatly enhanced in comparison with conventional ones fabricated by roller coating. When the rate is 10 C, the discharge capacity is 61 mAhg^−1^ for conventional electrodes while 82 mAhg^−1^ for LTDW-fabricated electrodes. Cycle performance was measured at 0.5 °C for 100 cycles. The capacity retention is around 85% for both types of electrodes after 100 cycles. Electrochemical results showed that the porous structure achieved using the LTDW process can improve the rate performance of LiFePO~4~ electrodes. In comparison with other studies that tried to improve the rate performance of LiFePO~4~ by materials modification and novel synthesis approach which can improve the discharge capacity to over 100 mAhg^−1^ (10 C) \[[@B25-materials-10-00934],[@B26-materials-10-00934]\], the rate performance presented in this study is not charming. There are two reasons limiting the improvement of rate performance. One is that the average particle size of commercial LiFePO~4~ powder used in this study was \~2 μm and larger diameter of particle would limit the transport of Li-ions in solid active materials. Another important factor is the binder CMC used in our study. Usually, PVDF is the most commonly used binder for LiFePO~4~. We speculate that the combination of active materials and binders led to the relatively poor rate performance obtained in this study. However, the LTDW process which can produce highly porous electrodes may be used to improve the rate performance of lithium-ion batteries. 4. Discussion {#sec4-materials-10-00934} ============= From the quality of the printed results and the characterization of the printed electrodes, it can be concluded that LTDW is an effective process for fabricating 3D LFP electrodes. The idea of freezing LFP ink during the printing process to maintain the mechanical integrity and the shape of the printed features is viable and practical. In comparison with previously reported printing strategy by rapid solvent partial evaporation enabled by a specially developed graded solvent system, the height reduction (around 15%) in this study is slightly larger, which is considered to be mainly due to the exposure of frozen electrode to the atmosphere and spread of materials during the freeze-drying process. However, the printed results have demonstrated the capacity of maintaining the shape and mechanical integrity. From the characterization of pore size and distribution using nitrogen adsorption isotherms and mercury intrusion process, it can be seen that LTDW can be used to fabricate 3D LFP electrodes with improved porosity and pore volume. The enhanced pore volume and porosity can provide more space for electrolyte accommodation and infiltration, which is beneficial to the rate performance of lithium-ion batteries. Electrochemical performance demonstrated the effectiveness of porous structure on improving the discharge capacity at high current rates. Gen Inoue et al. \[[@B27-materials-10-00934]\] conducted an numerical and experimental evaluation of the relationship between porous electrode structure and effective conductivity of ions in lithium-ion batteries. It showed that in a macroscopic porous electrode, the effective ionic conductivity is proportional to the porosity of electrodes and the increase of porosity can greatly enhance the transport of Li-ions. This coincides with the results presented in this study. 5. Conclusions {#sec5-materials-10-00934} ============== A LTDW-based 3D printing process was used to fabricate 3D LFP electrodes for the first time. A LTDW machine was developed and LFP inks capable of freezing at low temperature were developed. 1,4 dioxane was added as a freezing agent to meet the LTDW process requirements. The rheological behavior of the LFP ink was measured and appropriate viscosity range was obtained. Printing parameters were optimized by an orthogonal experiment and the optimal printing parameters were obtained. The printing accuracy was characterized and the printed line width and diagonal distance variation with unit flow equivalent number was obtained. Printed results showed that LTDW process can effectively maintain the shape and mechanical integrity of the printed structures, while room temperature printed electrodes cannot. The comparison demonstrates the feasibility and capacity of LTDW in fabricating 3D LFP electrodes. SEM characterization on the microstructures of printed electrodes using LTDW process and room temperature printing process was performed. Results showed that porous electrodes can be fabricated using both processes. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms and mercury porosimetry were used to characterize the pore size and distribution of the printed 3D LFP electrodes. Results showed that improved pore volume and porosity were obtained by the LTDW process. The process can be used to fabricate highly porous 3D LFP electrode and the improved electrode porosity can enhance the rate performance, which was verified by the electrochemical results. This study was granted financial support by Shenzhen Science & Technology Innovation Agency (Grant No. JCYJ20150626090430369) and Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University (Grant No. 2016034). Changyong Liu developed the LTDW machine, conducted the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. Xingxing Cheng printed all the electrodes and optimized the printing process. Bohan Li performed the mercury intrusion test and analyzed the data. Zhangwei Chen conducted analysis on the N~2~ adsorption isotherms and revised the manuscript. Shengli Mi and Changshi Lao conceived the idea and designed the experiments. The authors declare no conflict of interest. ![Fabrication process of LiFePO~4~ (LFP) electrode by low temperature direct writing (LTDW). (a) CAD modeling of 3D electrodes, (b) slurry preparation, (c) low temperature direct writing process, (d) freeze-drying process, (e) porous electrodes.](materials-10-00934-g001){#materials-10-00934-f001} ![Schematic and image of the LTDW machine. (a) Schematic of the LTDW machine, (b) the LTDW machine.](materials-10-00934-g002){#materials-10-00934-f002} ![Rheological properties of LFP inks: (a) carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) water solution; (b) CMC-water-1,4 dioxane solution; (c) LFP-CMC-water-1,4 dioxane ink.](materials-10-00934-g003){#materials-10-00934-f003} ![Images of printed LFP grid patterns using different printing parameters. (a) v~j~ = 0.003 mm/s, v~xy~ = 6 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.2 mm; (b) v~j~ = 0.003 mm/s, v~xy~ = 4 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.15 mm; c) v~j~ = 0.009 mm/s, v~xy~ = 6 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.15 mm; (d) v~j~ = 0.006 mm/s, v~xy~ = 4 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.2 mm; (e) v~j~ = 0.006 mm/s, v~xy~ = 6 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm; (f) v~j~ = 0.009 mm/s, v~xy~ = 4 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm; (g) v~j~ = 0.009 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.2 mm; (h) v~j~ = 0.006 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.15 mm; (i) v~j~ = 0.003 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm.](materials-10-00934-g004){#materials-10-00934-f004} ![Comparison on the printing accuracy of LTDW printed grid patterns using different parameters: (a) v~j~ = 0.003 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm; (b) v~j~ = 0.006 mm/s, v~xy~ = 2 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.15 mm; (c) v~j~ = 0.009 mm/s, v~xy~ = 4 mm/s, h~s~ = 0.1 mm; (d) variation of line width and diagonal distance with unit flow equivalent number.](materials-10-00934-g005){#materials-10-00934-f005} ![Printed comb-shaped LFP electrode: (a) 8 layers; (b) 12 layers; (c) 16 layers; (d) electrode height variation with number of layers.](materials-10-00934-g006){#materials-10-00934-f006} ![Comparison of LTDW printed patterns and room temperature printed patterns: (a) LTDW printed patterns; (b) the printing accuracy of LTDW printed patterns; (c) room temperature printed patterns; (d) the printing accuracy of room temperature printed patterns.](materials-10-00934-g007){#materials-10-00934-f007} ![SEM images of the surface of printed LFP electrodes: (a,b) room temperature printed LFP electrodes; (c,d) LTDW printed LFP electrodes.](materials-10-00934-g008){#materials-10-00934-f008} ![SEM images of the cross section of printed LFP electrodes: (a,b) room temperature printed LFP electrodes; (c,d) LTDW printed LFP electrodes.](materials-10-00934-g009){#materials-10-00934-f009} ![Pore size and distribution measured by nitrogen adsorption: (a) incremental pore volume variation with pore diameter; (b) cumulative pore volume variation with pore diameter.](materials-10-00934-g010){#materials-10-00934-f010} ![Pore size and distribution measured by mercury porosimetry: (a) pore volume variation with pore diameter; (b) percentage distribution of pores variation with pore diameter.](materials-10-00934-g011){#materials-10-00934-f011} ![Electrochemical performance of LTDW-fabricated LiFePO~4~ electrodes and conventional roller-coated electrodes: (a) charge/discharge curves of LTDW-fabricated electrodes; (b) charge/discharge curves of roller-coated electrodes; (c) rate performance; (d) cycle performance.](materials-10-00934-g012){#materials-10-00934-f012} materials-10-00934-t001_Table 1 ###### Printing parameters. No. Extrusion Speed v~j~(mm/s) Scanning Speed v~xy~(mm/s) Layer Thickness h~s~(mm) Printed Structures ([Figure 4](#materials-10-00934-f004){ref-type="fig"}) ----- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0.003 2 0.1 $i$ 2 0.003 4 0.15 $b$ 3 0.003 6 0.2 $a$ 4 0.006 2 0.15 $h$ 5 0.006 4 0.2 $d$ 6 0.006 6 0.1 $e$ 7 0.009 2 0.2 $g$ 8 0.009 4 0.1 $f$ 9 0.009 6 0.15 $c$	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Central'}
Chazey Partners, a global management consulting firm specializing in Shared Services, Business Transformation and Robotic Process Automation (RPA), will be hosting a pre-conference workshop, at 2018 Shared Services & Outsourcing Week Orlando on March 19. Craig Ackerman, Global Head of RPA at Chazey, will discuss the capabilities of RPA in the shared services industry, provide details on how to determine If & When an Intelligent Automation (IA) initiatives might be ready for a Center of Excellence (CoE). RPA is a software solution, commonly referred to as “bots”, which mimic or automate tasks normally performed by humans interacting with data between systems. As organizations continuously to strive to achieve greater efficiencies and more streamlined, RPA has become the latest proposition to promise a quantum advance particularly for Shared Services. Over the years a good number of a PRA software providers having emerged with an ongoing influx of new entrants and integrated implementation partners. Organizations have started to embrace RPA in a more informed way and the conversations around it have progressed from “how do we get started?” to “how do we scale IA for enterprise value?” However, many organizations are still implementing RPA /IA as siloed projects rather than as part of a broader transformation, guided by a digital strategy and vision and supported by an enabling infrastructure. Craig will lead a workshop focused on RPA transformation roadmap and determining If & When an Intelligent Automation (IA) initiatives might be ready for a Center of Excellence (CoE) during the pre-conference workshop at Shared Services & Outsourcing Week Orlando conference. The two-hour workshop will explore matters as assessing IA program’s envisioned short and long-term objectives, evaluating IA program’s scope, human capital and IT infrastructure capabilities, and regulations that organizations must keep top of mind. “As with any change, implementing RPA still needs proper planning, engagement with key stakeholders, clear management of change and human resources, all supported by new operating models and frameworks in order to function optimally”, said Craig Ackerman of Chazey Partners, “With more than a decade of experience in implementing and optimizing shared services operations via technology enablement around the world for leading global enterprises, we understand the levers that need to be pulled to not only successfully deploy RPA in shared services, but also ensure it’s delivering meaningful business impact”. SSON’s 22nd Annual Shared Services & Outsourcing Week is regarded as THE world’s largest and longest running event for Shared Services, Outsourcing, Transformation & GBS professionals. The conference will be taking place March 19 – 22 in Orlando, gathering hundreds of executives to explore the future trends of shared services and embrace innovative. For more information on Chazey’s workshop at the event, click the event page.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-19T11:04:50Z', 'url': 'https://chazeypartners.com/news/chazey-partners-executives-lead-workshop-intelligent-automation-initiatives-coe-leading-shared-services-outsourcing-event/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
DW News DW News is a global English-language news and information channel from German international broadcaster Deutsche Welle (DW). History DW News was launched on 22 June 2015 and superseded other international DW programs like the Journal. The 24-hour service aims to establish a German counterpart to international news channels from other countries like BBC World News or France 24. The service is transmitted worldwide via satellite. Availability In America, DW News can be received via cable and satellite TV broadcast. A 30-minute program similar to the Journal is available on many stations that are PBS members. The 30-minute program is also available nationwide on Link TV. Also, it is available on YouTube as DW English. See also DW-TV References Category:24-hour television news channels in Germany Category:German television news programs Category:English-language television programs	{'pile_set_name': 'Wikipedia (en)'}
I stayed two nights at the Palazzo Versace for my legal conference in August and I absolutely loved it. The decors of the rooms and the hotel facilities deserved the five-star recognition and, of course, everything was made more glamorous with the Versace label. I had always known that there is a glow worm cave near Gold Coast. However, I wasn’t sure whether to add this to our itinerary because… while a cave of twinkling galaxy may sound romantic – it is in fact a cave of living larvae waiting to grow up to become a type of small fly (known as Arachnocampa flava). Eek. Nevertheless, my curiosity overcame my inner neat-freak and a trip to the glow worm cave turned out to be one of the highlights of our Gold Coast trip! Having been to Gold Coast several times, we decided to take a day away from the white sand and beaches to explore The Hinterland for the first time – It’s an absolute gem!	{'timestamp': '2019-04-20T21:08:26Z', 'url': 'https://hercuriomajesty.com/category/australia-blog-en/qld/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
2. One of the biggest obstacles is getting parents to Sunday School. Teens rationalize "If it's not good for you, why is it good for me?" So, we started a special 6 week teen parenting course. We're three weeks into it and the parents (even the ones who came kicking & screaming) love it. 3. We asked the teens to take turns leading the discussion. Now they have more ownership in Sunday School. : We have the same problem. Recently we implemented a few things that, at this point, seem to be helping: : 1. We are now using a curriculum called "Faith Lens" that is put out by the ELCA. It is lectionary based lesson that takes a currents events story and relates it to the Gospel lesson of the day. A new lesson comes out each Wednesday. The web address is >http://www.elca.org/dcm/youth/resource/biblestudy/thisweek/html< : 2. One of the biggest obstacles is getting parents to Sunday School. Teens rationalize "If it's not good for you, why is it good for me?" So, we started a special 6 week teen parenting course. We're three weeks into it and the parents (even the ones who came kicking & screaming) love it. : 3. We asked the teens to take turns leading the discussion. Now they have more ownership in Sunday School. : Hope this helps.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-26T14:19:17Z', 'url': 'http://sschool.com/bbs/messages/71.html', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Tag Archives: mobile suit gundam Bargain Bin(ge): May 2014 May 26, 2014 Gordon Maples Leave a comment Welcome to the latest installment of Bargain Bin(ge)! I spend a lot of time in the bargain bins of used DVD shops all over the country looking for potentially forgotten or overlooked cinematic atrocities, and I document all of the highlights here. Today I’m featuring a spectacular failure to adapt a popular (and personally beloved) anime to film, a local 80s movie that has rightfully been forgotten to time (but “launched” a lauded film career), a low-budget deep-sea creature-feature, and a Lucio Fulci “Django” knock-off. Let’s get started! I am a huge fan of the “Mobile Suit Gundam” anime franchise, and have been for well over a decade. That said, I have been aware of this live action stinker from 2000 for quite some time. Like most Gundam fans, I try to pretend it doesn’t exist. Unfortunately, it does, and I found it in a bargain bin just a couple of weeks ago while I was on a business trip. I’ve never watched it before, but just from the trailer I can tell that this is going to be a painful experience. I think there should just be a standing policy that anime shouldn’t be translated into live action unless someone really knows what they are doing. Director Graeme Campbell still does a fair number of made-for-TV movies and work on various series, but it doesn’t seem that he’s been able to cut it in the big time. Likewise, the writers have credits on Sci-fi shows like “Mutant X” and “Tripping the Rift”, but not much else to speak of. A number of the actors have gone into voice acting or B-level TV and movie work, which are the most successful stories to come out of “G-Savior”. For those unaware, the “Mobile Suit Gundam” franchise has a following in Japan not unlike “Star Wars” does here. It is absolutely huge, and has been consistently produced in one form or another since the original series debut in 1979. A number of the series were cut in order to be released theatrically in segments, and are actually pretty impressive. So, to have a live action “Gundam” whiffed on so badly was a huge disappointment. Realistically, you just couldn’t do a convincing mech live-action movie until pretty recently. Stuart Gordon’s “Robot Jox” in 1989 wasn’t quite impressive enough with audiences, and that was the best mech movie on the table for decades. With the recent successes of “Pacific Rim” and (ugh) “Transformers”, I’m curious if we’ll see someone pick up the baton and try another go at “Gundam” on the big screen in the not-too-distant future. This one is a bit of a local stinker. Filmed on location in my hometown of Huntsville, Alabama at the US Space and Rocket Center, the whole film oozes the essence of the 1980s, including featuring an unnecessary robot companion a la “Rocky IV”. Both of the screenwriters have almost no other credits before or after this, outside of a couple of unimpressive Christian movies. Director Harry Winer has done a fair amount of TV work in the decades since this film, but never managed to break out in films (I expect for good reason). Proving that some were capable of getting away from this beast with a successful career, this was cinematic debut of Academy Award nominated actor Joaquin Phoenix. How about that? The cast also includes such sort-of notable names as Kelly Preston, Lea Thompson, Tate Donovan, Terry O’Quinn, and Tom Skerritt, who have all had at least respectable acting careers. I’m mostly just looking forward to that good ol’ child acting from Joaquin Phoenix. Here’s a taste: Oh my fuck. The Phantom From 10,000 Leagues To give you a sense as to how successful this movie was, director Dan Milner only directed one more movie after this feature (of his three total), and then concluded his career as an editor for “Popeye the Sailor Man” and “Bozo: The World’s Most Famous Clown”. So, it didn’t exactly take off. However, this lowest-of-the-low B-movie supposedly has a lot of entertainment value to it, along the lines of a Roger Corman flick. I’m always on board for a cheap monster movie, so I’m hoping this has promise. Massacre Time Ah, Franco Nero. What a beautiful, beautiful man. I’ve talked about him way, way back when I covered “Django (1966)”, but haven’t really come across him since then. However, he is in “Omega Code 2”, so the isn’t the last I’ll see of the gorgeous original Django. As for “Massacre Time”, this flick came out stateside in 1968, despite being made in 1966. Directed by infamous filmmaker Lucio Fulci, who would a decade later film a zombie fighting a shark in his notorious cult classic “Zombie”, and written by prolific Italian filmmaker Fernando Di Leo, this movie looks as spaghetti as spaghetti movies get. As you would expect given the success of “Django”, this movie was sold and distributed as a clone/knockoff to play off of Nero’s leading role in the film. The movie even went by such names as “Django: The Runner”, “Django: Der Hauch des Todes”, and “Djangos seksløber er lov” in various foreign markets. I’m quite looking forward to this one, and have my fingers crossed that it will be a good (massacre) time. 000 leaguesb-moviesbad moviesfilmfranco nerog-saviourgundam moviegundam saviourjoaquin phoenixlucio fulcimassacre timemobile suit gundammoviesphantom from 10space campspace camp movieworst movies	{'pred_label': '__label__wiki', 'pred_label_prob': 0.650714099407196, 'wiki_prob': 0.650714099407196, 'source': 'cc/2019-30/en_head_0052.json.gz/line1414748'}
Erica & Rich, October 5, 2013 Fun, sassy, wonderful couple Erica & Rich got hitched in a simple outdoor autumnal ceremony (forget that it was hot as blazes outside!) and had a raucously loud and great reception filled with loved ones, delicious food, and DANCING! :) Everything was held at a local stone mill in a park in Adelphi, MD. Adelphi Mill.	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Q: Another word for "gain" when talking about subscribers Difficult to explain and I'm not sure such concept does exist but here's the question - suppose we're talking about a facebook page and we want to artificcially increase the number of subscribers by any mean possible (including black hat tactics). What kind of word should we use instead of just 'gain'? To be more clear - in Russian language such word has a meaning which is opposite to "rewinding" odometer of your car - it would have been used to decribe when someone would rather add some milage to his car with certain tools. Or can we just say "subscriber fraud" or something? A: Inflate the subscriber count has a connotation of using sneaky tactics. Inflate: Increase (something) by a large or excessive amount. 2.1 Exaggerate See also google results	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
Реклама Боевики ДНР опубликовали видео с "признаниями" одного из подозреваемых в покушении на главу республики Александра Захарченко - 40-летнего жителя Донецка Александра Погорелова. Как утверждается, боевики схватили Погорелова еще в 2017 году. Он сказал, что в 2014-м был завербован в Киеве сотрудником департамента контрразведки СБУ по имени Сергей и взял себе позывной "Легионер". Погорелов рассказал, что якобы по заданию СБУ заложил взрывное устройство для убийства Захарченко в донецком ресторане "Пушкин". Тогда взрыва не произошло. Далее, по словам Погорелова, Сергей сообщил ему, что в Донецке действует еще одна группа диверсантов, которая "работает по другому заведению" в центре Донецка - ресторане "Сепар". Погорелов утверждает, что эта группа использовала "совершенно новую систему дистанционного взрывного устройства", позволяющую передавать сигнал для активации бомбы через "толстые бетонные стены" за полтора-два километра. Задержанный утверждает, что узнал от Сергея, что в СБУ ранее таких систем не использовалось и это оборудование "предоставили американские спецслужбы". Еще 15 сентября и.о. главы ДНР Денис Пушилин заявил, что один из фигурантов дела об убийстве Захарченко дал признательные показанийя о причастности к взрыву "западных спецслужб". После гибели Захарченко при взрыве в донецком кафе "Сепар" 31 августа в ДНР начались массовые репрессии. Прохожих в Донецке массово задерживали на улицах. Представитель омбудсмена Украины Павел Лисянский сообщал о 19 пропавших без вести в городе. По информации Лисянского, в деле об убийстве Захарченко 14 фигурантов - по версии "МГБ ДНР", они состояли в двух украинских "диверсионно-разведывательных группах". "По информации источника, четверо уже признались в сотрудничестве с Украиной, но это фейк. Показания выбивали", - рассказывал правозащитник 2 сентября. По сведениям "Коммерсанта", бомбу для Захарченко заложили в торшер или люстру в донецком кафе "Сепар", где был взорван глава республики. Донецкие силовики считают, что заложить взрывное устройство было невозможно без помощи "своих": заведение, которым владеет начальник охраны Захарченко, тщательно охранялось, а планы лидера боевиков знали только в его ближайшем окружении. Бомба активировалась дистанционно - по данным "Коммерсанта", с помощью телефонного звонка. Казаков заявлял, что ее заложили в ночь с четверга на пятницу. Предположительно исполнитель покушения был рядом с кафе в момент взрыва. Москва возложила ответственность за убийства Захарченко на Киев. СКР возбудил по факту убийства Захарченко дело по части 3 статьи 361 УК (акт международного терроризма, повлекший причинение смерти человеку; от 15 до 20 лет колонии или пожизненное лишение свободы). В ведомстве выразили готовность помогать донецким "правоохранителям". В Донецк для помощи "МГБ ДНР" отправляли сотрудников ФСБ. Власти Украины свою причастность к взрыву в Донецке отрицают. Директор СБУ Василий Грицак заявлял, что Захарченко либо стал жертвой "зачистки свидетелей" российского вторжения в Донбасс в 2014 году, либо погиб в результате "разборок на коммерческой основе"	{'pile_set_name': 'OpenWebText2'}
I really like this comic a lot so far, and I can’t wait to see where it’s going, but I have a question. If the first word you’ve said in your life is your name, then shouldn’t 90% of the people in Death Valley have, “Dada,” or, “Mama” as their name? Hopefully this will be explained somewhere in your comic. Ohh, hahaha it’s not the first word you’ve said in life, it’s the first word you’ve spoken in death. ;) Which can range from a whole bunch of things. It could be extremely meaningful, or entirely meaningless. Nobody knows! …but more on that, later. ;) Wait…If a young child dies, then what happens? I mean, since they’re rather young they can’t stay somewhere on their own, so does someone have to volunteer as their parent or is there an orphanage for dead children?	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
The Firehall Arts Centre celebrates International Women’s Day with Ribcage: This Wide Passage, the story of Esther Brandeau, the first Jewish woman to land in then New France in 1738, disguised as a boy. Boarding a ship in France headed for Quebec, Brandeau not only disguised herself as a boy, but also as a Catholic as the colony’s authorities considered it important, at least officially, that the inhabitants abide by Catholic orthodoxy. Any non-Catholic immigrant would either face conversion or deportation. In Brandeau’s case, after being caught out in her disguise, she was eventually returned to France. And while some scholars still debate whether Brandeau’s cross-dressing constitutes one our country’s earliest queer pioneers, for queer artist and academic Heather Hermant, that connection to our community is obvious. “It resonated with me as a female. I read it as a queer story. Imagine a young woman in the 1700s who worked for five years as a young man. You don’t live that life and not be transformed in your relations with other people,” says Hermant who recently completed her PhD on the subject of Brandeau/La Fargue. In the interdisciplinary work, the story of Brandeau/La Fargue is presented with video, live music and the performance of Hermant, who also comes from Jewish descent of Quebec immigrants. As both poet and archivist, Hermant investigates and questions the meaning of history, memory, loss, and belonging through the archives of Brandeau/La Fargue. Ribcage: This Wide Passage plays the Firehall Arts Centre (280 East Cordova St, Vancouver) March 3-8. Visit http://firehallartscentre.ca for tickets and information.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-24T14:31:18Z', 'url': 'https://gayvancouver.net/theatre-2015/ribcage-this-wide-passage-explores-a-little-known-piece-of-canadian-history/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Off-the-shelf packaged software are made as ‘one-of-a-kind’ for each business sector consuming account the character of the activities and overall preferences. Thus, when any company magnifies in dimensions and it is operations expand, the overall software will get not capable of addressing its new and diversified needs. A number of complicated tasks appears in the industry which can be a lot disparate and segmented that the organization can want for whether custom software or multiple ready-made software for managing them. This as being a principal need to switch from off-the-shelf software programs to custom-made software, let us delve further to obtain the detailed concept of companies to completely embrace customised software programs. Unlike an off-the-shelf software, a tailored application could be adapted and modified towards the ever-evolving requirements of the companies. The commercial software can’t be manipulated and it has fixed features, that it’s less efficient. However, a bespoke and custom software program starts having to pay back great outcomes when it comes to effectiveness. Created to align using the work procedure for employees, it provides intuitive support and faster responses in complex situations.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-21T16:12:01Z', 'url': 'https://pomodorotechniquec.com/5-persuasive-causes-for-companies-to-change-to-custom-software-packages.html', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}
Q: Win phone 10 - Accessing directory and moving files I have created an simple app to compress pictures for my Windows phone 10. However I dont now how to access directory with pictures. Is there same folder hierarchy as in PC Windows? A: In order to access directories such as Pictures or Documents for a current user from an UWP app, you should use: (Picture library in this case) Windows.Storage.StorageLibrary.GetLibraryAsync (Windows.Storage.KnownLibraryId.Pictures); msdn article	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
FreeBSD Man Pages DLINFO(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual DLINFO(3) NAMEdlinfo -- information about dynamically loaded object LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS#include <link.h> #include <dlfcn.h> intdlinfo(voidrestricthandle, intrequest, voidrestrictp); DESCRIPTION The dlinfo() function provides information about dynamically loaded object. The action taken by dlinfo() and exact meaning and type of p argument depend on value of the request argument provided by caller. The handle argument is either the value returned from the dlopen(3) func- tion call or special handle RTLD_SELF. If handle is the value returned from dlopen(3), the information returned by the dlinfo() function per- tains to the specified object. If handle is the special handle RTLD_SELF, the information returned pertains to the caller itself. Possible values for the request argument are: RTLD_DI_LINKMAP Retrieve the Link_map (structlink_map) structure pointer for the specified handle. On successful return, the p argument is filled with the pointer to the Link_map structure (Link_map*p) describing a shared object specified by the handle argument. The Link_map structures are maintained as a doubly linked list by ld.so(1), in the same order as dlopen(3) and dlclose(3) are called. See EXAMPLES, example 1. The Link_map structure is defined in <link.h> and has the follow- ing members: caddr_t l_addr; / Base Address of library / const char l_name; /* Absolute Path to Library / const void l_ld; /* Pointer to .dynamic in memory / struct link_map l_next, /* linked list of mapped libs / l_prev; l_addr The base address of the object loaded into memory. l_name The full name of the loaded shared object. l_ld The address of the dynamic linking information segment (PT_DYNAMIC) loaded into memory. l_next The next Link_map structure on the link-map list. l_prev The previous Link_map structure on the link-map list. RTLD_DI_SERINFO Retrieve the library search paths associated with the given handle argument. The p argument should point to Dl_serinfo structure buffer (Dl_serinfop). The Dl_serinfo structure must be initialized first with the RTLD_DI_SERINFOSIZE request. The returned Dl_serinfo structure contains dls_cntDl_serpath entries. Each entry's dlp_name field points to the search path. The corresponding dlp_info field contains one of more flags indi- cating the origin of the path (see the LA_SER_ flags defined in the <link.h> header file). See EXAMPLES, example 2, for a usage example. RTLD_DI_SERINFOSIZE Initialize a Dl_serinfo structure for use in a RTLD_DI_SERINFO request. Both the dls_cnt and dls_size fields are returned to indicate the number of search paths applicable to the handle, and the total size of a Dl_serinfo buffer required to hold dls_cntDl_serpath entries and the associated search path strings. See EXAMPLES, example 2, for a usage example. RTLD_DI_ORIGIN Retrieve the origin of the dynamic object associated with the handle. On successful return, p argument is filled with the char pointer (charp). RETURN VALUES The dlinfo() function returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurred. Whenever an error has been detected, a message detailing it can be retrieved via a call to dlerror(3). EXAMPLES Example 1: Using dlinfo() to retrieve Link_map structure. The following example shows how dynamic library can detect the list of shared libraries loaded after caller's one. For simplicity, error check- ing has been omitted. Link_map map; dlinfo(RTLD_SELF, RTLD_DI_LINKMAP, &map); while (map != NULL) { printf("%p: %s\n", map->l_addr, map->l_name); map = map->l_next; } Example 2: Using dlinfo() to retrieve the library search paths. The following example shows how a dynamic object can inspect the library search paths that would be used to locate a simple filename with dlopen(3). For simplicity, error checking has been omitted. Dl_serinfo _info, info = &_info; Dl_serpath path; unsigned int cnt; /* determine search path count and required buffer size / dlinfo(RTLD_SELF, RTLD_DI_SERINFOSIZE, (void )info); /* allocate new buffer and initialize / info = malloc(_info.dls_size); info->dls_size = _info.dls_size; info->dls_cnt = _info.dls_cnt; / obtain sarch path information / dlinfo(RTLD_SELF, RTLD_DI_SERINFO, (void )info); path = &info->dls_serpath[0]; for (cnt = 1; cnt <= info->dls_cnt; cnt++, path++) { (void) printf("%2d: %s\n", cnt, path->dls_name); } SEE ALSOrtld(1), dladdr(3), dlopen(3), dlsym(3)HISTORY The dlinfo() function first appeared in the Solaris operating system. In FreeBSD, it first appeared in FreeBSD 4.8. AUTHORS The FreeBSD implementation of the dlinfo() function was originally writ- ten by Alexey Zelkin <phantom@FreeBSD.org> and later extended and improved by Alexander Kabaev <kan@FreeBSD.org>. The manual page for this function was written by Alexey Zelkin <phantom@FreeBSD.org>. FreeBSD 10.1 February 14, 2003 FreeBSD 10.1	{'pile_set_name': 'Pile-CC'}
Q: Seperating ConnectionString from source control and be able to perform integrating testing in Azure CI/CD pipeline I've a WebAPI project and I'm using Azure CI/CD pipeline to deploy it in azure. The project contains unit testing and integration testing. And for integration testing it needs to access database. But since I don't want to check in my connectionstring to source control, the build pipeline will always fail. So, the question is what solutions/features or workaround exist that can help me accomplish this scenario? A: You can use token replace task to feed your config file with connection string. For that you need to install and add token replace task and for this configuration: you need to have such appsettings.json { "ConnectionStrings": { "BloggingDatabase": "#{ConnectionString}#" }, } and in your pipeline please variable ConnectionString: You can also use variable groups with Azure KeyVault. For that appeoach please check this blog post.	{'pile_set_name': 'StackExchange'}
Fire at Town & Country Apartments Investigated WNBF News/Roger Neel Photo Binghamton fire investigators are looking into the cause of a smoky fire that briefly trapped some occupants of a building in the Town & County apartment complex at 3:52 a.m. May 2. Bob Joseph/WNBF News The fire at the North Side, Binghamton apartment complex on Roberts Street was reported shortly after 3:30 with early indications that some people were trapped on the third floor of Building 13. Authorities arriving on the scene found smoke and a fairly small fire but damage to the building has left several tenants looking for temporary places to stay. Firefighters had the blaze out less than a half hour later. There were no injuries. The Southern Tier Chapter of the American Red Cross says it is assisting 12 people from four apartments who were displaced by the fire. Source: Fire at Town & Country Apartments Investigated Filed Under: Binghamton, fire	{'pred_label': '__label__cc', 'pred_label_prob': 0.6206684112548828, 'wiki_prob': 0.3793315887451172, 'source': 'cc/2020-05/en_middle_0004.json.gz/line240415'}
Computerized technetium/thallium scans and parathyroid reoperation. Twenty-three consecutive patients who underwent reoperation for persistent primary hyperparathyroidism were studied with computerized technetium/thallium scans to evaluate it as a localization test. Prospective and blinded retrospective readings of the scans were correlated with findings at surgery. Computerized technetium/thallium scanning detected 52% of the parathyroid adenomas found at surgery. Forty-two percent of adenomas were localized exactly. There were no false positive scans. No normal parathyroid glands were imaged. No mediastinal glands were imaged. The study was not observer dependent. We conclude that computerized technetium/thallium scanning is helpful in patients undergoing parathyroid reoperation. If positive, it can accurately localize adenomas. If negative, we recommend more invasive studies.	{'pile_set_name': 'PubMed Abstracts'}
Image Title: Nice Patio Fire Pit Ideas Fun Outdoor Design Within Outside Idea 13. Post Title: Outside Fire Pit Ideas. Filename: nice-patio-fire-pit-ideas-fun-outdoor-design-within-outside-idea-13.jpg. Image Dimension: 996 x 668 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Thurman Marquardt. Uploaded Date: Monday - February 05th. 2018 06:52:15 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: interiordesign.net. Remodel Outside Pit Patio Examples Backyard Designing Fire Ideas Designs Plan Design 19. Idea Iron With Inside Photo Prepare Black Homesteading Improve On To Gorgeous Nice Best 12. Of Outdoor Your 17. Inmyinterior 13. Round Home Pinterest Intended 17 10. In 25 For 11. And Pits 18. About 27 Nights Wonderful Outdoors Decorations Fun A Cool Within Regarding Building Firepit 29. Inspirations Plans Chairs 7. 8.	{'timestamp': '2019-04-19T15:18:17Z', 'url': 'http://sakuraclinic.co/outside-fire-pit-ideas/nice-patio-fire-pit-ideas-fun-outdoor-design-within-outside-idea-13/', 'language': 'en', 'source': 'c4'}

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