Sands JM, Layton HE. Annu Rev Physiol. 2014;76:387-409.
Schrier RW. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:570-572. 
Sterns RH. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:55-65. 
Verbalis JG. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012. 
Eladari D, et al. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;74:325-349. 
Gamba G, et al. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013. 
Mount DB. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012. 
Mount DB. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:1974-1986. 
Palmer LG, Schnermann J. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:676-687. 
Pearce D, et al. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012. 
Pearce D, et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:135-146. 
Slotki IN, Skorecki KL. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012. 
Staub O, Loffing J. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013. 
Subramanya AR, Ellison DH. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:2147-2163. 
Vesley DL. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013. 
Weinstein AM. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013. 
Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis
After studying this chapter, the student will be able to answer the following questions: 
1. How does the body maintain K+ homeostasis?
Sands JM, Layton HE. Advances in understanding the urine-concentrating mechanism. Annu Rev Physiol. 2014;76:387-409.
Schrier RW. Systemic arterial vasodilation, vasopressin, and vasopres sinase in pregnancy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21:570-572. Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium–causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:55-65.
thereby restore euvolemia. The sympathetic nervous system, the RAAS, and natriuretic peptides are important components of the system that maintain steady-state Na+ balance.
Verbalis JG. Disorders of water balance. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Eladari D, et al. A new look at electrolyte transport in the distal tubule. Annu Rev Physiol. 2012;74:325-349.
Gamba G, et al. Sodium chloride transport in the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013.
Mount DB. Transport of sodium, chloride, and potassium. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Mount DB. Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:1974-1986.
Palmer LG, Schnermann J. Integrated control of Na transport along the nephron. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:676-687.
Pearce D, et al. Aldosterone regulation of transport. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Pearce D, et al. Collecting duct principal cell transport processes and their regulation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10:135-146.
Slotki IN, Skorecki KL. Disorders of sodium balance. In: Taal MW, et al., eds. Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
Staub O, Loffing J. Mineralocorticoid action in aldosterone sensitive distal nephron. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013.
Subramanya AR, Ellison DH. Distal convoluted tubule. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9:2147-2163.
Vesley DL. Natriuretic hormones. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013.
Weinstein AM. Sodium and chloride transport: proximal nephron. In: Alpern RJ, et al., eds. Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Academic Press; 2013.
Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Homeostasis
Upon completion of this chapter the student should be able to answer the following questions: 1.
How does the body maintain K+ homeostasis?