Richard Pipes

Richard Edgar Pipes (July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was a Polish-American academic. His works were about Russian history, especially relating to the Soviet Union. He held strong anti-communist points of view throughout his career.
In 1976 he headed Team B, a team of analysts organized by the Central Intelligence Agency who analyzed the strategic capacities and goals of the Soviet military and political leadership. Pipes is the father of American historian and expert on American foreign policy and the Middle East, Daniel Pipes.
Early life.
Pipes was born to a Jewish family in Cieszyn, Poland, which fled the country as refugees after it was invaded by Nazi Germany. Settling in the United States in 1940, he became a naturalized citizen in 1943 while serving in the United States Army Air Corps.
From 1958 to 1996, Pipes worked at Harvard University.
Recent activities.
He was a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
Pipes died in Belmont, Massachusetts on May 17, 2018 at the age of 94.