Systems theory

Systems theory is the study of the nature of systems in nature, society, and science. More specifically, systems theory is a framework to analyze or describe any group of things which work together to produce some result. This can be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electronic, mechanical or informational artifact. 
Systems theory as a technical and general academic area of study. It was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and others in the 1950s.