Humayun

Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun (6 March 1508 - 27 January 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor. 
He ruled Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530 to 1540. He was the son of the previous emperor, Babur. 
His son was Akbar, one of the most famous emperors in Mughal history.
Military campaigns.
In 1532, Humayun and Sher Shah Suri clashed on the battlefield. Humayun won the battle and captured Chunar. In 1534, Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and captured Gujrat. Sher Shah meanwhile regrouped and defeated Humayun, at Chausa in 1539 
 In 1555, Humayun returned to India and defeated the succesor of Sher Shah, Islam Shah and regained India.
War with Bahadur Shah
In 1531, Bahadur Shah Zafar overran Malwa and the next year he turned to Mewar. Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah and easily defeated his forces. Bahadur Shah fled to Ahmedabad and from there to Kathisawar.
Death.
In 1556, Humayun had a fatal fall from the stairs of his private observatory (some sources say his library). He was carrying books when his feet got caught in his robe and he tripped and fractured his head. He had bent down upon hearing the azaan (the Muslim call to prayer). All medical aid proved useless, and Humayun died. He is known as "the luckless one".