Kaluga Oblast

Kaluga Oblast () is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is an oblast. Its administrative center (capital city) is the city of Kaluga. Kaluga Oblast had a population of 1,010,930 in 2010 Russian Census.
Geography.
Kaluga Oblast is in the central part of the East European Plain. It is between the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, and the Dnieper-Desna watershed. Kaluga Oblast borders Bryansk Oblast in the southwest, Oryol Oblast in the south, Tula Oblast in the east, Moscow Oblast in the northeast, the federal city of Moscow, and Smolensk Oblast in the northwest. 
Kaluga Oblast has a continental climate.
Demographics.
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the population of the oblast is 1,010,930; down from 1,041,641 recorded in the 2002 Census, and further down from 1,066,833 recorded in the 1989 Census.
Administrative and municipal divisions.
Kaluga Oblast is divided into twenty-four districts and four cities of oblast significance.