House of Representatives (Netherlands)

The House of Representatives, Dutch: "Tweede Kamer" (literally Second Chamber), is the lower house of the States General, the parliament of the Netherlands.
It is comparable with the House of Representatives in other countries, because it is chosen by direct elections.
It consists of 150 members, who are chosen every four years or earlier when the government has been brought down.
In contrast with the First Chamber or Senate the Second Chamber has extensive legislative powers.
House of Representatives 2021-present.
The elections for the new House of Representatives were held on Wednesday 17 March 2021. The new House was installed on 31 March 2021. Twenty parliamentary groups have been present in the House since March 2022 (originally 17).
Parties with considerable gains are the progressive liberal party D66, the populist parties FVD and JA21, and newcomer Volt. Considerable losses have been suffered by the Christian democratic party CDA, the left parties GL and SP, the populist party PVV, and the senior party 50+.
BBB and BIJ1 have made their first appearance in parliament.
On 6 May 2021, Liane den Haan left 50+ and has become an independent MP. On 13 May 2021, Wybren van Haga and two other MPs left FVD and have become the Group Van Haga. On 12 June 2021, Pieter Omtzigt left the CDA and has become an independent MP. In February 2022, Nilüfer Gündoğan was expelled from the Volt group and has been an independent MP since 22 March 2022.
House of Representatives 2017-2021.
The general elections for this House of Representatives were held on Wednesday 15 March 2017. This House was installed on 23 March 2017 and dissolved on 31 March 2021.
When the results were announced, the Labour Party (PvdA) lost many seats, while the winner, the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) led by Mark Rutte, also lost seats, but not as many.
Most of the opposition parties won seats. The populist Party for Freedom (PVV) of Geert Wilders did not win as many seats as were expected of them, but they became second in the number of seats they had. More seats were won by (especially) GreenLeft (GL), Democrats 66 (D66), the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the Party for the Animals (PvdD), and 50PLUS (50+), along with the newly formed parties DENK and Forum for Democracy (FVD). The only other party to lose seats was the Socialist Party (SP), while the small Christian parties ChristianUnion (CU) and Reformed Political Party (SGP) did not gain or lose any seats.
President of the House of Representatives was Khadija Arib (PvdA).
General elections results since 1946.
Original seats in post-war Second Chamber ("Tweede Kamer").
Coalitian parties marked in olive.
Prime Minister's party in bold.