Cognition

Cognition is the scientific word for the mental processes including perception, memory, and thought. Cognition is the gaining of knowledge and understanding. The word comes from the Latin word "cognoscere", which means "to know" or "to recognize".
How knowledge is gained is a major part of philosophy called epistemology.
Cognitive psychology studies mental processes to explain human behavior.
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of the mind that combines psychology, brain sciences, and other fields of study.
Cognitive linguistics studies how language influences thought.