Synecdoche

Synecdoche is a figure of speech. It uses a part for the whole thing, or the whole for one of its parts. Examples:
These three examples, and most other cases, use the part for the whole. But an expression like "The West" might just mean the U.S.A. It depends on context.
The Government did not actually make the statement: a spokesperson did.
Synecdoche is a type of metonymy, because it refers to its target by using a related term. It is similar to metaphor in its use in prose.