Participle

In linguistics, a participle is a word that shares some characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. Examples of participle formation are:
As noun-modifiers, participles usually precede the noun (like adjectives), but in many cases they can or must follow it:
Present participles.
The present participle in English has the same form as the gerund, but the gerund acts as a noun rather than a verb or a modifier. The word "sleeping" in "Your job description does not include sleeping" is a gerund and not a present participle.
While English past participles, like past tense forms, are sometimes irregular, all English present participles are regular, being formed with the suffix "-ing".
The present participle in English is in the active voice and is used for: 
Past participles.
The past participle may be used in both active and passive voices:
Passive participles.
Passive participles reflect past action in the passive voice, for example
Even irregular past participle verbs often follow the format "-en" or "-ne", as may be seen from above. For examples: