Creoles (Mascarene Creoles) Mauritian Creole, spoken in Mauritius (locally Kreol) Rodriguan creole, spoken on the island of Rodrigues Agalega creole, spoken in Agaléga Islands Chagossian creole, spoken by the former population of the Chagos Archipelago Réunion Creole, spoken in Réunion Seychellois Creole, spoken everywhere in the Seychelles and locally known as Kreol seselwa. It is the national language and shares official status with English and French. Pacific Ocean Tayo Creole, spoken in New Caledonia Spanish-based creoles Americas Caribbean Bozal Spanish (in Cuba) (possibly extinct) Palenquero (in a region of Caribbean coast of Colombia) Asia Mindanao, Philippines Chavacano (Zamboangueño Creole Spanish) Portuguese-based creoles Africa Upper Guinea Creoles Cape Verdean Creole: Vigorous use, Cape Verde Islands. Guinea-Bissau Creole: Vigorous use. Lingua franca in Guinea-Bissau, also spoken in Casamance, Senegal. Growing number of speakers. Gulf of Guinea creoles Angolar: A heavy substrate of Kimbundu, spoken on São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Annobonese Creole (Fa d'Ambu): Vigorous use. Spoken on Annobón island, Equatorial Guinea Forro: Forro is becoming the language of social networks. Spoken on São Tomé Island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Principense Creole: Almost extinct. Spoken on Príncipe island, São Tomé and Príncipe. Tonga Portuguese (Português dos Tongas) Americas Papiamento Asia Indo-Portuguese creoles Southern Indo-Portuguese Sri Lankan Portuguese creole (almost extinct) Malabar Coast Indo-Portuguese Cochin Portuguese Creole (Vypin Creole) (in Kochi) (extinct) Cannanore Portuguese Creole (in Kannur) (almost extinct) Coromandel Coast Indo-Portuguese Bengal Creole Portuguese (extinct) Northern Indo-Portuguese (Norteiro) Korlai Portuguese Creole (Kristi): spoken in Korlai, India. Bombay Portuguese Creole (extinct) Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole: spoken in Daman and Diu, India. (old decreolization) East Asian Macanese Macanese: Spoken in Macau. (old decreolization) Southeast Asian Malayo-Portuguese Kristang (Cristão) (Malaccan Creole Portuguese): spoken in Malacca, Malaysia and emigrant communities in Singapore and Perth, Western Australia Mardijker Creole: by the Mardijker people of Batavia (Jakarta) = Papiá Tugu: in Kampung Tugu, Jakarta, Indonesia. (extinct) Bidau Creole Portuguese (Timor Pidgin): in the Bidau area of Dili, East Timor. (it was also a creole) (extinct) Portugis (Ternateño): in the Ambon, Ternate islands and Minahasa, Indonesia. (extinct) Mixed languages Between Indo-European languages Balto-Slavic Belarusian–Russian Trasianka/Meshanka (Belarusian-Russian mixed speech) Ukrainian–Russian Surzhyk (Ukrainian-Russian mixed speech) Germanic German–Danish Petuh, Danish grammar and semantics with German vocabulary. High German–Low German (Low Saxon) Missingsch, Low Saxon grammar, pronunciation, pragmatics, loanwords and substrate and German vocabulary. Swedish–Norwegian Svorsk Indo-Aryan Para-Romani (Romani Ethnolects based on Indo-European languages, mainly Romani lexic with other languages