opposed to the adoption of the Working Definition, including Independent Jewish Voices (Canada), was posted in the Times of Israel blogs by the National Coordinator of Independent Jewish Voices Canada. Response to criticism In December 2017, the Board of Deputies of British Jews wrote that "there is a worrying resistance from universities to adopting it and free speech is given as the primary reason for their reluctance. It is said to be 'contentious' because some people argue that current concerns surrounding antisemitism are motivated by ulterior motives, namely defending the policies of the Israeli government. We would suggest that if a definition of prejudice against any other community referenced arguments that their concerns were even partially guided by ulterior motives then that community would infer that the definition did not take prejudice and discrimination against their group seriously. It is also not an assault on free speech to say that students or staff should not be indulging antisemitic tropes. Rather, it is part of what makes a healthy society." Competing definitions of antisemitism Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism Objections to the IHRA Definition of Antisemitism motivated the creation of the Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism, released in March 2021. This document, signed by some 200 international scholars, is intended to be used instead of the IHRA definition, or as a supplement to guide interpretation of the IHRA definition for groups that have already adopted it. Nexus Task Force In the same month, a group of scholars and leaders affiliated with the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California called the Nexus Task Force published a definition of antisemitism titled "Understanding Antisemitism at its Nexus with Israel and Zionism", which asserts that most criticism of Zionism and of Israel is not antisemitic, as well as a "Guide to Identifying Antisemitism in Debates about Israel". The task force members included Kenneth S. Stern, who had been the lead drafter of the IHRA working definition and its examples. In September 2020, "more than 100 prominent Jewish leaders" sent a letter to Joe Biden endorsing the task force's work. Independent Jewish Voices Canada In 2020, Independent Jewish Voices Canada published a definition of antisemitism which states that: "antisemitism is not an exceptional form of bigotry. People who hate, discriminate and/or attack Jews, will also hate, discriminate and/or attack other protected groups—including racialized people, Muslims, LGBTQ2+, women, Indigenous peoples." See also Three