& Hsiang (2018), who consider this species to be a stem-turaco. Petralca austriaca, originally thought to be an auk, is reinterpreted as a member of Gaviiformes by Göhlich & Mayr (2018). Globuli ossei (subspherical structures of endochondral origin, inserted in the hypertrophic cartilage of long bones) are reported for the first time in a bird (a fossil penguin Delphinornis arctowskii from Antarctica) by Garcia Marsà, Tambussi & Cerda (2018). Redescription of the anatomy of the fossil penguin Madrynornis mirandus and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Degrange, Ksepka & Tambussi (2018). Fossil material attributed to the extinct Hunter Island penguin (Tasidyptes hunteri) is reinterpreted as assemblage of remains from three extant penguin species by Cole et al. (2018). A study on the history of penguin colonization of the Vestfold Hills (Antarctica), indicating that penguins started colonizing the northern Vestfold Hills around 14.6 thousand years before present, is published by Gao et al. (2018). A study on the history of active and abandoned Adélie penguin colonies at Cape Adare (Antarctica), based on new excavations and radiocarbon dating, is published by Emslie, McKenzie & Patterson (2018). A study on the mummified Adélie penguin carcasses and associated sediments from the Long Peninsula (East Antarctica), and on their implications for inferring the causes of the abandonment of numerous penguin sub‐colonies in this area during the 2nd millennium, is published by Gao et al. (2018). New bird fossils, including the first reported tarsometatarsus of the plotopterid Tonsala hildegardae are described from the late Eocene/early Oligocene Makah Formation and the Oligocene Pysht Formation (Washington state, United States) by Mayr & Goedert (2018), who name a new plotopterid subfamily Tonsalinae. A well-preserved scapula of a plotopterid, enabling the reconstruction of the triosseal canal in plotopterids, is described from the Oligocene Jinnobaru Formation (Japan) by Ando & Fukata (2018). Fossil remains of the spectacled cormorant (Phalacrocorax perspicillatus) are described from the upper Pleistocene of Shiriya (northeast Japan) by Watanabe, Matsuoka & Hasegawa (2018). Extinct lowland kagu (Rhynochetos orarius) is reinterpreted as synonymous with extant kagu (Rhynochetos jubatus) by Theuerkauf & Gula (2018). A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Rodrigues scops owl and Mauritius scops owl is published by Louchart et al. (2018). Fossils of the barn owl (Tyto alba) are described from the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system (South Africa) by Kruger & Badenhorst (2018), who also