affect spending decisions. When the mother controls a larger share of family income a number of studies, in the

United Kingdom and in a wide variety of other countries, have found that the family tends to spend more on

restaurant meals, child care, and women’s clothing, and less on alcohol and tobacco. As the mother controls a larger
share of household resources, children’s health improves, too. These findings suggest that when providing

assistance to families, in high-income countries and low-income countries alike, the monetary amount of assistance

is not all that matters: it also matters which family member actually receives the money.

Access for free at openstax.org
6.3 • Behavioral Economics: An Alternative Framework for Consumer Choice 151

The budget constraint framework serves as a constant reminder to think about the full range of effects that can

arise from changes in income or price, not just effects on the one product that might seem most immediately

affected.
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