saving machinery in the mines. The mineworkers’ union realized that over time, the new machines would

reduce the number of jobs in the mines, but the union leaders also knew that the mine owners would have to

pay higher wages if the workers became more productive, and mechanization was a necessary step toward

greater productivity.

In fact, in some cases union workers may be more willing to accept new technology than nonunion workers,

because the union workers believe that the union will negotiate to protect their jobs and wages, whereas

nonunion workers may be more concerned that the new technology will replace their jobs. In addition, union

workers, who typically have higher job market experience and training, are likely to suffer less and benefit

more than non-union workers from the introduction of new technology. Overall, it is hard to make a definitive

case that union workers as a group are always either more or less welcoming to new technology than are
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