apparent in the history of U.S. unions. The great rise in union membership in the 1930s followed the passage

of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, which specified that workers had a right to organize unions and

that management had to give them a fair chance to do so. The U.S. government strongly encouraged forming

unions during the early 1940s in the belief that unions would help to coordinate the all-out production efforts

needed during World War II. However, after World War II came the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947,

which gave states the power to allow workers to opt out of the union in their workplace if they so desired. This

law made the legal climate less encouraging to those seeking to form unions, and union membership levels

soon started declining.

The procedures for forming a union differ substantially from country to country. For example, the procedures
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