Serengeti in Tanzania; the Amazon rain forests; and the Galapagos Islands. In many of these countries and

regions, governments have enacted policies whereby they share revenues from ecotourism with local

communities, to give people in those local communities a kind of property right that encourages them to

conserve their local environment.

Ecotourism needs careful management, so that the combination of eager tourists and local entrepreneurs does

not destroy what the visitors are coming to see. And recent research indicates that wild animals that are
292 12 • Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities

continually exposed to tourists and vehicles exhibit stress and atypical behaviors. In general, however, well-

managed ecotourism is viewed as a net positive, which provides an alternative to damaging the local

environment.

Marginal Benefits and Marginal Costs
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