Microsoft had engaged in an anticompetitive form of exclusive dealing by threatening computer makers that, if they

did not leave another firm’s software off their machines (specifically, Netscape’s Internet browser), then Microsoft

would not sell them its operating system software. Government antitrust regulators accused Microsoft of tying

together its Windows operating system software, where it had a monopoly, with its Internet Explorer browser

software, where it did not have a monopoly, and thus using this bundling as an anticompetitive tool. The government

also accused Microsoft of a form of predatory pricing; namely, giving away certain additional software products for

free as part of Windows, as a way of driving out the competition from other software makers.

In April 2000, a federal court held that Microsoft’s behavior had crossed the line into unfair competition, and
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