senility and obsolescence without ever having reached the profitable maturity stage. Meanwhile, the
protectionism that was supposed to be short-term often took a very long time to be repealed.

As one example, Brazil treated its computer industry as an infant industry from the late 1970s until about

1990. In an attempt to establish its computer industry in the global economy, Brazil largely barred imports of

computer products for several decades. This policy guaranteed increased sales for Brazilian computers.

However, by the mid-1980s, due to lack of international competition, Brazil had a backward and out-of-date

industry, typically lagging behind world standards for price and performance by three to five years—a long

time in this fast-moving industry. After more than a decade, during which Brazilian consumers and industries

that would have benefited from up-to-date computers paid the costs and Brazil’s computer industry never
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