many of the recent immigrants end up in jobs like restaurant and hotel work, lawn care, and janitorial work.

This kind of immigration represents a shift to the right in the supply of unskilled labor for a number of jobs,

which will lead to lower wages for these jobs. The middle- and upper-income households that purchase the

services of these unskilled workers will benefit from these lower wages. However, low-skilled U.S. workers who

must compete with low-skilled immigrants for jobs will tend to be negatively impacted by immigration.

The difficult policy questions about immigration are not so much about the overall gains to the rest of the

economy, which seem to be real but small in the context of the U.S. economy, as they are about the disruptive
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