children for the previous line graph, children of a particular height would have a range of different weights,

some above average and some below. In the real world, this sort of variation in data is common. The task of a

researcher is to organize that data in a way that helps to understand typical patterns. The study of statistics,

especially when combined with computer statistics and spreadsheet programs, is a great help in organizing

this kind of data, plotting line graphs, and looking for typical underlying relationships. For most economics

and social science majors, a statistics course will be required at some point.

One common line graph is called a time series, in which the horizontal axis shows time and the vertical axis

displays another variable. Thus, a time series graph shows how a variable changes over time. Figure A5 shows

the unemployment rate in the United States since 1975, where unemployment is defined as the percentage of
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