diamond market is still considerable.

Legal Monopoly

For some products, the government erects barriers to entry by prohibiting or limiting competition. Under U.S.

law, no organization but the U.S. Postal Service is legally allowed to deliver first-class mail. Many states or cities

have laws or regulations that allow households a choice of only one electric company, one water company, and

one company to pick up the garbage. Most legal monopolies are utilities—products necessary for everyday

life—that are socially beneficial. As a consequence, the government allows producers to become regulated

monopolies, to ensure that customers have access to an appropriate amount of these products or services.

Additionally, legal monopolies are often subject to economies of scale, so it makes sense to allow only one

provider.

Promoting Innovation

Innovation takes time and resources to achieve. Suppose a company invests in research and development and
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