greater harmony to the intellectual property laws of different countries to determine the extent to which those

in other countries will respect patents and copyrights of those in other countries.

Government limitations on competition used to be more common in the United States. For most of the
220 9 • Monopoly

twentieth century, only one phone company—AT&T—was legally allowed to provide local and long distance

service. From the 1930s to the 1970s, one set of federal regulations limited which destinations airlines could

choose to fly to and what fares they could charge. Another set of regulations limited the interest rates that

banks could pay to depositors; yet another specified how much trucking firms could charge customers.

What products we consider utilities depends, in part, on the available technology. Fifty years ago, telephone

companies provided local and long distance service over wires. It did not make much sense to have many
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