inventors. The reason for requiring immunizations, phrased in economic terms, is that it prevents spillovers of

illness to others—as well as helping the person immunized.

BRING IT HOME

The Benefits of Voyager I Endure
While we applaud the technology spillovers of NASA’s space projects, we should also acknowledge that those

benefits are not shared equally. Economists like Tyler Cowen, a professor at George Mason University, are seeing

increasing evidence of a widening gap between those who have access to rapidly improving technology, and those

who do not. According to Cowen, author of the 2013 book, Average Is Over: Powering America Beyond the Age of

the Great Stagnation, this inequality in access to technology and information is going to deepen the inequality in
320 13 • Positive Externalities and Public Goods

skills, and ultimately, in wages and global standards of living.

Access for free at openstax.org
13 • Key Terms 321

Key Terms
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