up large firms into smaller ones

bundling a situation in which multiple products are sold as one

concentration ratio an early tool to measure the degree of monopoly power in an industry; measures what

share of the total sales in the industry are accounted for by the largest firms, typically the top four to eight

firms

cost-plus regulation when regulators permit a regulated firm to cover its costs and to make a normal level of

profit

exclusive dealing an agreement that a dealer will sell only products from one manufacturer

four-firm concentration ratio the percentage of the total sales in the industry that are accounted for by the

largest four firms

Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) approach to measuring market concentration by adding the square of the

market share of each firm in the industry

market share the percentage of total sales in the market

merger when two formerly separate firms combine to become a single firm
{"source": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "file_hash": "830b81f41611ac67a490444dbb5d6aed292224606965b06965b914443c93331a", "total_pages": 597, "file_name": "Microeconomics3e.pdf", "producer": "Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com)", "moddate": "2022-12-07T14:23:05-06:00", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T15:37:44.339247", "file_size_mb": 26.99, "file_type": ".pdf", "batch_upload": true, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "creationdate": "2022-12-07T14:15:44-06:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "title": "Principles of Microeconomics 3e"}