• Natural Resources (Land and Raw Materials) - The ingredients for the pizza are raw materials. These

include the flour, yeast, and water for the dough, the tomatoes, herbs, and water for the sauce, the cheese,

and the toppings. If the pizza place uses a wood-burning oven, we would include the wood as a raw

material. If the establishment heats the oven with natural gas, we would count this as a raw material. Don’t

forget electricity for lights. If, instead of pizza, we were looking at an agricultural product, like wheat, we

would include the land the farmer used for crops here.

• Labor – When we talk about production, labor means human effort, both physical and mental. The

pizzaiolo was the primary example of labor here. They need to be strong enough to roll out the dough and

to insert and retrieve the pizza from the oven, but they also must know how to make the pizza, how long it
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