country places limitations on imports from abroad, regardless of whether it uses tariffs, quotas, or nontariff

barriers, it is said to be practicing protectionism. Protectionism will raise the price of the protected good in the

domestic market, which causes domestic consumers to pay more, but domestic producers to earn more.

20.2 International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions

As international trade increases, it contributes to a shift in jobs away from industries where that economy does

not have a comparative advantage and toward industries where it does have a comparative advantage. The

degree to which trade affects labor markets has much to do with the structure of the labor market in that

country and the adjustment process in other industries. Global trade should raise the average level of wages by

increasing productivity. However, this increase in average wages may include both gains to workers in certain
{"moddate": "2022-12-07T14:23:05-06:00", "file_size_mb": 26.99, "source": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "creationdate": "2022-12-07T14:15:44-06:00", "creator": "PDFMiner", "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T15:24:38.309401", "file_name": "Microeconomics3e.pdf", "producer": "Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com)", "batch_upload": true, "file_hash": "830b81f41611ac67a490444dbb5d6aed292224606965b06965b914443c93331a", "file_type": ".pdf", "total_pages": 597, "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "title": "Principles of Microeconomics 3e"}