which they are not.

Second, workers who specialize in certain tasks often learn to produce more quickly and with higher quality.

This pattern holds true for many workers, including assembly line laborers who build cars, stylists who cut

hair, and doctors who perform heart surgery. In fact, specialized workers often know their jobs well enough to

suggest innovative ways to do their work faster and better.

A similar pattern often operates within businesses. In many cases, a business that focuses on one or a few

products (sometimes called its “core competency”) is more successful than firms that try to make a wide range

of products.

Third, specialization allows businesses to take advantage of economies of scale, which means that for many

goods, as the level of production increases, the average cost of producing each individual unit declines. For

example, if a factory produces only 100 cars per year, each car will be quite expensive to make on average.
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