manufacturing most of the phone equipment, the payment plans and types of phones did not change much.

The old joke was that you could have any color phone you wanted, as long as it was black. However, in 1982,

government litigation split up AT&T into a number of local phone companies, a long-distance phone company,

and a phone equipment manufacturer. An explosion of innovation followed. Services like call waiting, caller ID,

three-way calling, voice mail through the phone company, mobile phones, and wireless connections to the

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9.2 • How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price 231

internet all became available. Companies offered a wide range of payment plans, as well. It was no longer true

that all phones were black. Instead, phones came in a wide variety of shapes and colors. The end of the

telephone monopoly brought lower prices, a greater quantity of services, and also a wave of innovation aimed
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