the implementation of catch shares, whereby regulators establish a total allowable catch, and then fishermen

are allocated a portion of that total allowable catch. Catch shares appear to slow the race to fish. When the

population of a species drops to critically low numbers, governments have even banned the harvest until

biologists determine that the population has returned to sustainable levels. In fact, such is the case with the

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13.3 • Public Goods 319

conch, the harvesting of which the government has effectively banned in the United States since 1986.

The tragedy of the commons is a frequent economic and social framework for discussions about a range of

common resources, even extending into digital resources such as open media repositories and online

libraries. Prominent economist Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics,
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