children, subsidized housing, and energy assistance. The federal government also transfers funds to

individual states through special grant programs.

Access for free at openstax.org
15.3 • The Safety Net 369

FIGURE 15.6 Expenditure Comparison of TANF, SNAP, HUD, and Other Income Security Programs, 1988–2013

(est.) Total expenditures on income security continued to rise between 1988 and 2010, while payments for TANF

have increased from $13 billion in 1998 to an estimated $17.3 billion in 2013. SNAP has seen relatively small

increments. These two programs comprise a relatively small portion of the estimated $106 billion dedicated to

income security in 2013. Note that other programs and housing programs increased dramatically during the 2008

and 2010 time periods. (Source: Table 12.3 Section 600 Income Security, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/

default/files/omb/budget/fy2013/assets/hist.pdf)
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