and government support of research and development of new technologies. In other words, protectionism is

not the only or even the best way to support key industries.

LINK IT UP

Visit this website (http://openstax.org/l/integration) to view a presentation by Pankaj Ghemawat questioning

how integrated the world really is.

The Anti-Dumping Argument

Dumping refers to selling goods below their cost of production. Anti-dumping laws block imports that are

sold below the cost of production by imposing tariffs that increase the price of these imports to reflect their

cost of production. Since dumping is not allowed under World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, nations that

believe they are on the receiving end of dumped goods can file a complaint with the WTO. According to the

WTO, between 1995 and 2020, it oversaw 137 anti-dumping disputes. Note that dumping cases are

countercyclical. During recessions, case filings increase. During economic booms, case filings go down.
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