year’s cost of production? When a company is in a country where the government controls prices, like China

for example, how can one measure the true cost of production? When a domestic industry complains loudly

enough, government regulators seem very likely to find that unfair dumping has occurred. A common pattern

has arisen where a domestic industry files an anti-dumping complaint, the governments meet and negotiate a

reduction in imports, and then the domestic producers drop the anti-dumping suit. In such cases, anti-

dumping cases often appear to be little more than a cover story for imposing tariffs or import quotas.

In the 1980s, the United States, Canada, the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand implemented almost

all the anti-dumping cases. By the 2000s, countries like Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, South Africa, Mexico,

and India were filing the majority of the anti-dumping cases before the WTO. As the number of anti-dumping
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