presentation of groups of numbers and for building an intuitive grasp of relationships and connections.

Three types of graphs are used in this book: line graphs, pie graphs, and bar graphs. Each is discussed below.

We also provide warnings about how graphs can be manipulated to alter viewers’ perceptions of the

relationships in the data.

Line Graphs

The graphs we have discussed so far are called line graphs, because they show a relationship between two

variables: one measured on the horizontal axis and the other measured on the vertical axis.

Sometimes it is useful to show more than one set of data on the same axes. The data in Table A2 is displayed in

Figure A3 which shows the relationship between two variables: length and median weight for American baby

boys and girls during the first three years of life. (The median means that half of all babies weigh more than

this and half weigh less.) The line graph measures length in inches on the horizontal axis and weight in pounds
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