voting, restricting groups who are organizing get-out-the-vote efforts, enacted strict photo ID laws, as well as

laws that require showing proof of U.S. citizenship. The ACLU argues that while these laws profess to prevent

voter fraud, they are in effect making it harder for individuals to cast their vote.

18.2 Special Interest Politics

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Explain how special interest groups and lobbyists can influence campaigns and elections

• Describe pork-barrel spending and logrolling

Many political issues are of intense interest to a relatively small group, as we noted above. For example, many

U.S. drivers do not much care where their car tires were made—they just want good quality as inexpensively as

possible. In September 2009, President Obama and Congress enacted a tariff (taxes added on imported goods)

on tires imported from China that would increase the price by 35 percent in its first year, 30 percent in its
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