country, for example, workers who lose their jobs due to foreign imports. In your opinion, does that mean

that trade should be inhibited to prevent the losses?

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53. Economists sometimes say that protectionism is the “second-best” choice for dealing with any particular

problem. What they mean is that there is often a policy choice that is more direct or effective for dealing

with the problem—a choice that would still allow the benefits of trade to occur. Explain why protectionism

20 • Problems 499

is a “second-best” choice for:

a. helping workers as a group

b. helping industries stay strong

c. protecting the environment

d. advancing national defense

54. Trade has income distribution effects. For example, suppose that because of a government-negotiated

reduction in trade barriers, trade between Germany and the Czech Republic increases. Germany sells
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