There are factors that can lower women’s average wages. Women are likely to bear a disproportionately large

share of household responsibilities. A mother of young children is more likely to drop out of the labor force for

several years or work on a reduced schedule than is the father. As a result, women in their 30s and 40s are

likely, on average, to have less job experience than men. In the United States, childless women with the same

education and experience levels as men are typically paid comparably. However, women with families and

children are typically paid about 7% to 14% less than other women of similar education and work experience.

Meanwhile, married men earn about 10% to 15% more than single men with comparable education and work

experience. This circumstance or practice is often referred to as the "motherhood penalty" and the

"fatherhood bonus."

Another aspect of the gender pay gap relates to work that isn’t actually paid, such as household chores, caring
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