from: Statista.com (for wireless), The Wall Street Journal(for automobiles), Gartner.com (for computers) and the

U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (for airlines).)

U.S. Industry

Four-Firm Ratio HHI

Wireless

Largest five: Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, US Cellular

Personal Computers

Largest five: HP, Lenovo, Dell, Asus, Apple, Acer

Airlines

Largest five: American, Southwest, Delta, United, JetBlue

Automobiles

Largest five: Ford, GM, Toyota, Chrysler, Nissan

98

76

69

58

2,736

1,234

1,382

1,099

TABLE 11.2 Examples of Concentration Ratios and HHIs in the U.S. Economy, 2016

In the 1980s, the FTC followed these guidelines: If a merger would result in an HHI of less than 1,000, the FTC

would probably approve it. If a merger would result in an HHI of more than 1,800, the FTC would probably

challenge it. If a merger would result in an HHI between 1,000 and 1,800, then the FTC would scrutinize the
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