United States International Trade Commission—a government agency—determines whether the dumping has

substantially injured domestic industries, and if so, the president can impose tariffs that are intended to offset

the unfairly low price.

In the arena of trade policy, the battle often seems to be between national laws that increase protectionism and

international agreements that try to reduce protectionism, like the WTO. Why would a country pass laws or

negotiate agreements to shut out certain foreign products, like sugar or textiles, while simultaneously

negotiating to reduce trade barriers in general? One plausible answer is that international trade agreements

offer a method for countries to restrain their own special interests. A member of Congress can say to an
492 20 • Globalization and Protectionism

industry lobbying for tariffs or quotas on imports: “Sure would like to help you, but that pesky WTO agreement

just won’t let me.”

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