• Asses the complexity of international trade

• Discuss why a market-oriented economy is so affected by international trade

• Explain disruptive market change

Economists readily acknowledge that international trade is not all sunshine, roses, and happy endings. Over

time, the average person gains from international trade, both as a worker who has greater productivity and

higher wages because of the benefits of specialization and comparative advantage, and as a consumer who can

benefit from shopping all over the world for a greater variety of quality products at attractive prices. The

“average person,” however, is hypothetical, not real—representing a mix of those who have done very well,

those who have done all right, and those who have done poorly. It is a legitimate concern of public policy to

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20.5 • The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy 493

focus not just on the average or on the success stories, but also on those who have not been so fortunate.
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