soon started declining.

The procedures for forming a union differ substantially from country to country. For example, the procedures

in the United States and those in Canada are strikingly different. When a group of workers wishes to form a

union in the United States, they announce this fact and set an election date when the firm's employees will vote

in a secret ballot on whether to form a union. Supporters of the union lobby for a “yes” vote, and the firm's

management lobbies for a “no” vote—often even hiring outside consultants for assistance in swaying workers

to vote “no.” In Canada, by contrast, a union is formed when a sufficient proportion of workers (usually about

60%) signs an official card saying that they want a union. There is no separate “election date.” The

management of Canadian firms is limited by law in its ability to lobby against the union. In addition, although
{"file_name": "Microeconomics3e.pdf", "title": "Principles of Microeconomics 3e", "file_size_mb": 26.99, "upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T15:37:44.339247", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_type": ".pdf", "producer": "Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com)", "total_pages": 597, "creationdate": "2022-12-07T14:15:44-06:00", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "source": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "batch_upload": true, "moddate": "2022-12-07T14:23:05-06:00", "file_hash": "830b81f41611ac67a490444dbb5d6aed292224606965b06965b914443c93331a"}