number of workers can be due to several factors, such as immigration, increasing population, an

aging population, and changing demographics. Policies that encourage immigration will increase

the supply of labor, and vice versa. Population grows when birth rates exceed death rates. This

eventually increases supply of labor when the former reach working age. Another example of

changing demographics is more women working outside of the home, which increases the supply

of labor.

The more required education, the lower the supply. There is a lower supply of PhD mathematicians

than of high school mathematics teachers; there is a lower supply of cardiologists than of primary

care physicians; and there is a lower supply of physicians than of nurses.

Government policies can also affect the supply of labor for jobs. Alternatively, the government may

support rules that set high qualifications for certain jobs: academic training, certificates or licenses,
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