libraries. Prominent economist Elinor Ostrom, the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Economics,

proposed an alternate version, sometimes referred to as the "non-tragedy of the commons." After extensive

fieldwork in areas as diverse as Indonesia, Kenya, Maine (U.S.), and Nepal, she challenged the notion that

people would only avoid depletion of common resources if they were forced to by regulatory laws and property

rights. She noted that farmers working shared land could communicate and cooperate in order to maximize

and preserve the fields over time. She argued that when those who benefit most from a resource are in close

proximity to it (like a farm field that directly serves a town), the resource is better managed without external

influence.

LINK IT UP

Visit this website (http://openstax.org/l/queenconch) for more on the queen conch industry.

Positive Externalities in Public Health Programs
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