67.6% of men aged 20 and over did. Moreover, along with entering the workforce, women began to ratchet up

their education levels. In 1971, 44% of undergraduate college degrees went to women. As of the 2018–19

academic year, women earned 57% of bachelor’s degrees. In 1970, women received 5.4% of the degrees from

law schools and 8.4% of the degrees from medical schools. By 2017, women were receiving just over 50% of

the law degrees, and by 2019, 48% of the medical degrees. There are now slightly more women than men in

both law schools and medical schools. These gains in education and experience have reduced the female/male

wage gap over time. However, concerns remain about the extent to which women have not yet assumed a

substantial share of the positions at the top of the largest companies or in the U.S. Congress.

There are factors that can lower women’s average wages. Women are likely to bear a disproportionately large
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