bottles works like a pollution tax that provides an incentive to avoid littering or throwing bottles in the trash.

Compared with command-and-control regulation, a pollution tax reduces pollution in a more flexible and cost-

effective way.

LINK IT UP

Visit this website (http://openstax.org/l/bottlebill) to see the current U.S. states with bottle bills and the states

that have active campaigns for new bottle bills. You can also view current and proposed bills in Canada and

other countries around the world.

Marketable Permits

When a city or state government sets up a marketable permit program (e.g., cap-and-trade), it must start by

determining the overall quantity of pollution it will allow as it tries to meet national pollution standards. Then,

it divides a number of permits allowing only this quantity of pollution among the firms that emit that pollutant.

The government can sell or provide these permits to pollute free to firms.
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