point out that high-income countries do not have much moral standing to lecture them on the necessities of

putting environmental protection ahead of economic growth. After all, high-income countries have historically

been the primary contributors to greenhouse warming by burning fossil fuels—and still are today. It is hard to

tell people who are living in a low-income country, where adequate diet, health care, and education are

lacking, that they should sacrifice an improved quality of life for a cleaner environment.

Can rich and poor countries come together to address global environmental spillovers? At the initiative of the

European Union and the most vulnerable developing nations, the Durban climate conference in December

2011 launched negotiations to develop a new international climate change agreement that covers all countries.
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