their environmental standards, but instead whether the threat of blocking international trade can pressure

these countries into adopting stronger standards. For example, restrictions on ivory imports in high-income

countries, along with stronger government efforts to catch elephant poachers, have been credited with helping

to reduce the illegal poaching of elephants in certain African countries.

However, it would be highly undemocratic for the well-fed citizens of high-income countries to attempt to

dictate to the ill-fed citizens of low-income countries what domestic policies and priorities they must adopt, or

how they should balance environmental goals against other priorities for their citizens. Furthermore, if high-

income countries want stronger environmental standards in low-income countries, they have many options

other than the threat of protectionism. For example, high-income countries could pay for anti-pollution
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