group’s preferred choice. Meanwhile, the large majority, each of whose members has only a small interest in

this issue, pays no attention.

We define pork--barrel spending as legislation whose benefits are concentrated on a single district while the

costs are spread widely over the country. Logrolling refers to a situation in which two or more legislators agree

to vote for each other’s legislation, which can then encourage pork-barrel spending in many districts.

18.3 Flaws in the Democratic System of Government

Majority votes can run into difficulties when more than two choices exist. A voting cycle occurs when, in a

situation with at least three choices, choice A is preferred by a majority vote to choice B, choice B is preferred

by a majority vote to choice C, and choice C is preferred by a majority vote to choice A. In such a situation, it is

impossible to identify what the majority prefers. Another difficulty arises when the vote is so divided that no
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