money to give funds to families with low income, or to reduce teenage pregnancy, or even to raise the high

school graduation rate. However, the federal government imposed two key requirements. First, if states are to

keep receiving the TANF grants, they must impose work requirements so that most of those receiving TANF

benefits are working (or attending school). Second, no one can receive TANF benefits with federal money for

more than a total of five years over their lifetime. The old AFDC program had no such work requirements or

time limits.

TANF attempts to avoid the poverty trap by requiring that welfare recipients work and by limiting the length of

time they can receive benefits. In its first few years, the program was quite successful. The number of families

receiving payments in 1995, the last year of AFDC, was 4.8 million. November 2020, according to the

Congressional Research Service, the number of families receiving payments under TANF was 1.0 million—a
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