shifted from focusing on tariff reduction in the early rounds to a broader agenda was that tariffs had been

reduced so dramatically there was not much more to do in that area. U.S. tariffs have followed this general

pattern: After rising sharply during the Great Depression, tariffs dropped off to less than 2% by the end of the

century. Although measures of import quotas and nontariff barriers are less exact than those for tariffs, they

generally appear to be at lower levels than they had been previously, too.

Thus, the last half-century has seen both a dramatic reduction in government-created barriers to trade, such

as tariffs, import quotas, and nontariff barriers, and also a number of technological developments that have

made international trade easier, like advances in transportation, communication, and information

management. The result has been the powerful surge of international trade.
{"upload_timestamp": "2026-02-07T15:24:38.309401", "producer": "Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com)", "source": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "title": "Principles of Microeconomics 3e", "uploaded_via": "batch_uploader", "source_file": "downloads\\business\\economics\\Microeconomics3e.pdf", "creator": "PDFMiner", "file_name": "Microeconomics3e.pdf", "total_pages": 597, "file_hash": "830b81f41611ac67a490444dbb5d6aed292224606965b06965b914443c93331a", "moddate": "2022-12-07T14:23:05-06:00", "file_size_mb": 26.99, "batch_upload": true, "creationdate": "2022-12-07T14:15:44-06:00", "file_type": ".pdf"}