occupation and found that the gender wage gap is only 5%.

In the case of the earnings gap between Black people and White people (and also between Hispanic people and

White people), probably the single largest step that could be taken at this point in U.S. history to close the

earnings gap would be to reduce the gap in educational attainment. Part of the answer to this issue involves

finding ways to improve the performance of schools, which is a highly controversial topic in itself. In addition,

the education gap is unlikely to close unless Black and Hispanic families and peer groups strengthen their

culture of support for educational attainment.

Affirmative action is the name given to active efforts by government or businesses that give special rights to

minorities in hiring and promotion to make up for past discrimination. Affirmative action, in its limited and

not especially controversial form, means making an effort to reach out to a broader range of minority
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