"allies of the Gaullists. 1965 French presidential election The 1965 French presidential election, held on 5 December and 19 December, was the first direct presidential election in the Fifth Republic and the first since the Second Republic in 1848. It had been widely expected that incumbent president Charles de Gaulle would be re-elected, but the election was notable for the unexpectedly strong performance of his left-wing challenger François Mitterrand. This was the second presidential election since the beginning of the Fifth Republic. Under the first draft of the 1958 constitution, the president was elected by an electoral college, in order"
"In 1974, when Pompidou died, those close to Messmer encouraged him to run for president. He accepted at the condition of Chaban-Delmas, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Edgar Faure's withdrawals. Faure accepted, as well as Giscard on the condition that Chaban-Delmas also withdrew himself. However, Chaban-Delmas, despite the ""Canard enchaîné"" 's campaign against him, maintained himself, leading Messmer to withdraw his candidacy. Finally, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, a conservative rival of the Gaullists, was elected. He served as prime minister for another few weeks after Pompidou’s death, ending his term after the presidential elections. Jacques Chirac replaced him on 29 May 1974."
"replaced by president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–81) with René Journiac, whom he had trained himself. According to ""National Interest"", he was critical of two special operations carried on under Giscard d'Estaing: the fiasco of the mercenary landing in Benin in January 1977 (with which he denies having had any connection, and would not have supported because it was badly conceived and executed); and ""Operation Barracuda"", the military intervention that deposed Emperor Bokassa in September 1979. Foccart was then rehabilitated in 1986 by new Premier Chirac as an adviser on African affairs for the two years of the ""cohabitation"". When Chirac"
"time, President Giscard d'Estaing appointed him Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance. He presented him to the French people as ""the best economist in France"" (). Under the Fifth Republic, he was the only person to hold these two offices at the same time. He left the ministry of Economy and Finance in 1978, but stayed as Prime minister until the defeat of Giscard d'Estaing at the 1981 presidential election. At the head of the cabinet, he was faced with the conflict which divided the parliamentary majority between the ""Giscardians"" and the neo-Gaullist Rally for the Republic (RPR)"
"his first run for president against Giscard d'Estaing in the 1981 election, thus splitting the centre-right vote. He was eliminated in the first round with 18% of the vote. He reluctantly supported Giscard in the second round. He refused to give instructions to the RPR voters but said that he supported the incumbent president ""in a private capacity"", which was interpreted as almost like ""de facto"" support of the Socialist Party's (PS) candidate, François Mitterrand, who was elected by a broad majority. Giscard has always blamed Chirac for his defeat. He was told by Mitterrand, before his death, that the"
"RPR's score, the quarrels between the two parties and the rivalry between Giscard d'Estaing and Chirac contributed, in 1981, to the defeat of the incumbent UDF president who ran for a second term. After the election of François Mitterrand as president, the two centre-right parliamentary parties reconciled. Gradually, the RPR abandoned Gaullist doctrine and joined the market-oriented and pro-European positions of the UDF. Although, they presented a common list at the 1984 European Parliament election, their leaders Chirac and Barre competed for the leadership of the French centre-right. Focused on winning the 1986 legislative election, Chirac, unlike Barre, accepted the"
"These elections were moved forward because of Pompidou's sudden death on 2 April 1974. Chirac vainly attempted to rally Gaullists behind Prime Minister Pierre Messmer. Jacques Chaban-Delmas announced his candidacy in spite of the disapproval of the ""Pompidolians"". Chirac and others published the ""call of the 43"" in favour of Giscard d'Estaing, the leader of the non-Gaullist part of the parliamentary majority. Giscard d'Estaing was elected as Pompidou's successor after France's most competitive election campaign in years. In return, the new president chose Chirac to lead the cabinet. When Valéry Giscard d'Estaing became president, he nominated Chirac as prime minister"
"of a presidential term from 7 to 5 years. President Chirac held a referendum on this issue, and the ""yes"" side won. He did not run for a new parliamentary term in 2002. His son Louis Giscard d'Estaing was elected in his constituency. In 2003, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was admitted to the Académie française. Following his narrow defeat in the regional elections of March 2004, marked by the victory of the left wing in 21 of 22 regions, he decided to leave partisan politics and to take his seat on the Constitutional Council as a former president of the Republic."
"Giscard d'Estaing. In fact, the RPR was suspected of working for the defeat of the incumbent president. While the Socialist Party leader François Mitterrand became President, the RPR gradually abandoned the Gaullist doctrine, adopting the European and liberal positions of the Union for French Democracy (""Union pour la démocratie française"" or UDF). The two parties competed for the leadership of the right-wing opposition, but they presented a common list at the 1984 European Parliament election and a platform to prepare for winning the 1986 legislative election. From 1986 to 1988, Chirac ""cohabited"" as Prime minister with Mitterrand, but lost the"
"dropped to three percent between 1973 and 1979. Unemployment grew by 1981 to nine percent, a record high. In 1981, after one term as President, Giscard was defeated by the socialist candidate, François Mitterrand. On May 10, 1981, François Mitterrand became the first socialist leader of the Fifth Republic, defeating Giscard with 51.8 percent of the vote. The socialists and communists also swept the elections for the National Assembly in June in what became known as the ""Rose Vague"" or ""Pink wave"". He promised to ""Change the life"" of Parisians and the French population, included four communist ministers in his"
"1978 French legislative election The French legislative elections took place on 12 March and 19 March 1978 to elect the sixth National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. On 2 April 1974, President Georges Pompidou died. The non-Gaullist center-right leader Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected to succeed him. Because the Gaullist UDR was the largest party in the pro-Giscard majority in the Assembly, Giscard chose Jacques Chirac to lead the cabinet. This period was one of renovation for Gaullism. The presidential will to ""govern towards the center"" and to promote a ""modern liberal society"" disconcerted the Gaullist party. The Abortion Act"
"Chirac refused to give an endorsement for the second round, though he did say privately that he would vote for Giscard d'Estaing. In fact, the RPR was expected to work for the defeat of the incumbent president. After 1981, the RPR opposed with energy the policy of the Socialist Party President François Mitterrand and the left-wing governments. The RPR denounced the plan of nationalizations as the setting up of a ""collectivist society"". Impressed by the electoral success of New Right conservatives led by Ronald Reagan in the United States of America and by Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom, it"
"Group, succeeding Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Yves Galland Yves Galland (born 8 March 1941 in Paris), is a French politician and entrepreneur. After his studies in law from Paris University, Yves Galland started his career in the world of business before also starting his political career. He became a member of the European Parliament, from 1979 to 1986, and again in 1989 to 1995, where he represented the Union for French Democracy (UDF) and the Radical Party. From 1989 to 1992, Galland was Vice President of the European Parliament under President Egon Klepsch. From 1992 to 1994, he was chairman of"
"final leader was François Bayrou, who transferred his leadership to MoDem. In 1974, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected President of France. Two years later, his Gaullist Prime Minister Jacques Chirac resigned and created the Rally for the Republic (RPR) in order to restore the Gaullist domination over the republican institutions. Formally, this party stood in the right-wing parliamentary majority, but it criticised with virulence the policies of the executive duo composed of President Giscard d'Estaing and Prime Minister Raymond Barre. During campaigning for the 1978 legislative election, in his Verdun-sur-le-Doubs speech, President Giscard d'Estaing noted that the political leanings of"
"Louis Giscard d'Estaing Louis Giscard d'Estaing (born October 20, 1958) is a French politician and former member of the National Assembly of France. He is the son of former President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. He was a deputy for the Puy-de-Dôme department from 2002, when he held his father's old seat on his retirement, until 2012 when he was defeated by the Green candidate Danielle Auroi. He remains mayor of Chamalières, a post he has held since 2005. His father had also been mayor of Chamalières from 1967 to 1974. He is a member of the Union for a"
"the TGV and the turn towards reliance on nuclear power as France's main energy source. However, his popularity suffered from the economic downturn that followed the 1973 energy crisis, marking the end of the ""thirty glorious years"" after World War II. Giscard faced political opposition from both sides of the spectrum: from the newly unified left of François Mitterrand, and from a rising Jacques Chirac, who resurrected Gaullism on a right-wing opposition line. In 1981, despite a high approval rating, he missed out on reelection in a runoff against Mitterrand, with 48.2% of the vote. As a former President of"
"industrial jobs and gained 172,000 jobs. Pompidou was a scholar and a great admirer of modern art. He edited an anthology of French poetry, decorated his office at the Matignon with modern art. His apartment on the Île-de-la-Cité was filled with 20th-century art. His major legacy was the Pompidou Centre at Beaubourg, opened in 1977 after his death, an ultramodern showcase of the contemporary arts, whose pipes, escalators ducts and other internal workings were exposed outside of the building. Pompidou's successor, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, was elected President on May 19, 1974, narrowly defeating François Mitterrand with 50.81 percent of the"
"of the Left. Nevertheless, its electoral influence did not compare with those of its two allies, which competed for the leadership over the left. Robert Fabre sought to attract left-wing Gaullists to the party and gradually became close to President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, who nominated him as Mediator of the Republic in 1978. He and his followers were excluded from the party by those who strongly supported the alliance with the PS. Michel Crépeau was nominated by the party for the 1981 presidential election and obtained a disappointing 2.09% in the first round. He and his party in the runoff"
"major reforms. Touré vacillated from supporting the Soviet Union to supporting the United States. The late 1970s and early 1980s saw some economic reforms but Touré's centralized control of the state remained. Even the relationship with France improved; after the election of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing as French president, trade increased and the two countries exchanged diplomatic visits. Sékou Touré died on 26 March 1984 after a heart operation in the United States, and was replaced by Prime Minister Louis Lansana Beavogui, who was to serve as interim president pending new elections. The PDG was due to elect a new leader"
"d'Estaing, the founder and president of the UDF, who called to vote for the other Rally for the Republic (RPR) candidate Jacques Chirac. The PPDF was created to organize Giscard d'Estaing's faithfuls within the UDF (Hervé de Charette, Jean-Pierre Fourcade, Dominique Bussereau, Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Jean-François Mattéi, Pierre Albertini, Jean-François Humbert, Françoise Hostalier, Robert Hersant). Nevertheless, it could not prevent the departure of Giscard d'Estaing from the presidency of the centre-right confederation in 1996. In 1998, the PPDF participated in the transformation of the UDF into the New UDF (from an alliance of parties to a single party), although retaining some"
"centre-right. However, after Giscard d'Estaing's defeat at the 1981 presidential election, the PR gravitated away from its founder and a new generation of politicians, led by François Léotard, took the lead. This group called ""la bande à Léo"" (""Léo(tard)'s band""), advocated an alliance with the RPR and covertly supported RPR leader Jacques Chirac's candidacy in the 1988 presidential election, against the official UDF candidate Raymond Barre. During the 1995 presidential campaign, the PR divided again between the two main centre-right candidates: François Léotard and Gérard Longuet supported Edouard Balladur while Alain Madelin and Jean-Pierre Raffarin supported Jacques Chirac, who won."
"in naming his challenger ""Mr Prime Minister"". Chirac answered: ""Here, you are not President, and I am not Prime Minister. We are two equal candidates. You will allow that I call you Mr Mitterrand"". Mitterrand replied: ""You are absolutely right, Mr Prime Minister"". Besides, the two candidates clashed about their attitude to the September 1986 terrorist attacks. François Mitterrand was re-elected President of France. Jacques Chirac resigned from the head of the cabinet. Michel Rocard succeeded him, then the Socialist Party obtained a relative parliamentary majority, President Mitterrand having dissolved the National Assembly. Chirac became president after winning the 1995"
"Popular Movement, presently the main right-wing opposition party in the National Assembly. Louis Giscard d'Estaing Louis Giscard d'Estaing (born October 20, 1958) is a French politician and former member of the National Assembly of France. He is the son of former President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. He was a deputy for the Puy-de-Dôme department from 2002, when he held his father's old seat on his retirement, until 2012 when he was defeated by the Green candidate Danielle Auroi. He remains mayor of Chamalières, a post he has held since 2005. His father had also been mayor of Chamalières from"
"He campaigned for ""another politics"", based on the Socialist programme ""110 Propositions for France"", and denounced the performance of the incumbent president. Furthermore, he benefited from divisions in the right-wing majority. He obtained 25.85% of votes in the first round (against 15% for the PCF candidate Georges Marchais), then defeated President Giscard d'Estaing in the second round, with 51.76%. He became the first left-wing politician elected President of France by universal suffrage. In the presidential election of 10 May 1981, Mitterrand became the first socialist President of the Fifth Republic, and his government became the first left-wing government in 23"
"December 1978, six months before the European Parliament election, the ""Call of Cochin"" signed by Chirac denounced the appropriation of France by ""the foreign party,"" which sacrificed the national interests and the independence of the country in order to build a federal Europe. This accusation clearly targeted Giscard d'Estaing. RPR leaders contrasted this as coming from the social doctrine of Gaullism as opposed to a perceived liberalism on the part of the President. As RPR candidate at the 1981 presidential election, Chirac formulated vigorous condemnations of President Giscard d'Estaing, who ran for a second term. Eliminated in the first round,"
"500 signatures from ""grand electors"" (""grands électeurs"", mayors, etc.) necessary to present himself in the 1981 presidential election, won by the candidate of the Socialist Party (PS), François Mitterrand. Criticizing immigration and taking advantage of the economic crisis striking France and the world since the 1973 oil crisis, Le Pen's party managed to increase its support in the 1980s, starting in the municipal elections of 1983. His popularity has been greatest in the south and east of France. The FN obtained 10% in the 1984 European elections. A total of 35 FN deputies entered the Assembly after the 1986 elections"
"coalition won the 1978 legislative election. Nevertheless, relations with Chirac, who had founded the Rally for the Republic (RPR), became more tense. Giscard reacted by founding a centre-right confederation, the Union for French Democracy (UDF). In 1975 Giscard pressured the future King of Spain Juan Carlos to leave Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet out of his coronation by stating that if Pinochet attended he would not. Having been told by Juan Carlos not to attend the coronation, Pinochet left Spain having only attended the funeral of Francisco Franco during his visit. Although France received many Chilean political refugees, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's"
"This condition being not satisfied, he withdrew. Four men declared their will to run: former Gaullist Prime Minister Jacques Chaban-Delmas, the Chairman of the National Assembly Edgar Faure, the former Craftsmen and Shopkeepers Minister representing the ultra-conservative wing of the Gaullist Party Jean Royer, and finally the Economy Minister and leader of the Independent Republicans Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Quickly, Faure withdrew and the real competition on the Right was between Chaban-Delmas and Giscard d'Estaing. Chaban-Delmas conveyed an image of being a reformist Gaullist and invoked his proposals for a ""New Society"", which he had tried to apply when he led"
"had lost the 1978 legislative election and the full term of the National Assembly would have expired in 1983. Knocked out after its defeat in the recent presidential election, the right campaigned against the concentration of the powers and the possible nomination of Communist ministers. Yet, it suffered from the economic crisis, the will for change amongst the electorate, and the rivalry between the RPR leader Jacques Chirac and the previous UDF President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. The formation of the ""Union for a New Majority"" appeared as a false reconciliation and so, had not convinced voters. Furthermore, as the French"
"in France and, had executions not resumed in the United States, the last in the Western world, as was the case until 1979 when John Spenkelink was executed by Florida. Death sentences were continually handed out in France for the remaining four years of Giscard's term but were all commuted in 1981, when capital punishment was abolished. A rivalry arose with his Prime Minister Jacques Chirac, who resigned in 1976. Raymond Barre, called the ""best economist in France"" at the time, succeeded him. He led a policy of strictness in a context of economic crisis (""Plan Barre""). Unexpectedly, the right-wing"
"Européen (POE) candidate for the legislative election in the 18th arrondissement of Paris (25th circonscription), and obtained 0.12% of the votes. His program was: In 1981, Cheminade became the general secretary of the European Workers Party and the president of the French section of the Schiller Institute, and took a leave from his work as a civil servant. He tried unsuccessfully to obtain the endorsements necessary to run for the presidential election of 1981, and called before the first round to vote for Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, saying: ""I call upon all my partisans and friends to vote for Giscard d'Estaing."
"of the ""Trente Glorieuses"", Thuillier's workshop reached its maximum production capacity. The family entrusted the task of shirts' assembly to another workshop in Palluau-sur-Indre, in order to meet an increasing demand, while maintaining the steps of cutting and patterning in the family workshop on rue Marbeuf. When Valéry Giscard d'Estaing was elected President of France in 1974, he appointed André Thuillier to tailor his shirts. In 1981, François Mitterrand succeeded d'Estaing, and used the same shirtmarker as his predecessor. During his two terms in office, more than 195 traditional shirts, 30 nightshirts and 30 dress shirts, were specially designed for"
"the presidential majority coalition in support of the new President Nicolas Sarkozy and formed a new ""centrist pole"" within it, the New Centre led by Hervé Morin. Union for French Democracy The Union for French Democracy (, UDF) was a centre-right political party in France. It was founded in 1978 as an electoral alliance to support President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in order to counterbalance the Gaullist preponderance over the political right in France. This name was chosen due to the title of Giscard d'Estaing's 1976 book, ""Démocratie Française"". The party brought together Christian democrats, liberals and radicals, and non-Gaullist conservatives,"