"Year of three popes A year of three popes is a common reference to a year when the College of Cardinals of the Catholic Church are required to elect two new popes within the same calendar year. Such a year generally occurs when a newly elected pope dies or resigns very early into his papacy. This results in the Catholic Church being led by three different popes during the same calendar year. The most recent instance of a year of three popes occurred in 1978. The three popes involved were: There have been several instances in which three or more"
"popes have held office in a given calendar year. Years in which the Roman Catholic Church was led by three different popes include: There was also a year in which the Roman Catholic Church was led by four popes, called the Year of Four Popes: Year of three popes A year of three popes is a common reference to a year when the College of Cardinals of the Catholic Church are required to elect two new popes within the same calendar year. Such a year generally occurs when a newly elected pope dies or resigns very early into his papacy."
"Year of the Three Emperors The Year of the Three Emperors, or the Year of the Three Kaisers, () refers to the year 1888 during the German Empire in German history. The year is considered to have memorable significance because of the deaths of two German Emperors, or Kaisers, leading to a rapid succession of three monarchs within one year. The three different emperors who ruled over Germany during this year were Wilhelm I, Frederick III, and Wilhelm II. The mnemonic “""drei Achten, drei Kaiser""” (English: ""three eights, three emperors"") is still used today in Germany by children and adults"
"19 heads of state and 24 heads of government. Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II,"
"the Vatican, was, nevertheless, carried out by Pope Leo XIII with all the solemnity that was possible. In the 20th century, Jubilees were held in 1925, 1933 (in commemoration of Jesus' death and resurrection), 1950, 1966 (post-Council jubilee), 1975, 1983 (Holy Year of the Redemption), and 2000. Pope Pius XII used the occasion of the 1950 Jubilee to declare a new pontifical anthem for the Vatican City. With the encyclical ""Fulgens corona"", he declared the first Marian year or ""Little Holy Year"" for 1954. Pope John Paul II proclaimed a Marian year in 1987, again four years after the 1983"
"to be characterized by a Trinitarian reflection upon Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit and God the Father. Preparation would include an examination of conscience. The third phase would the celebration of the year 2000 itself. The celebration of the Great Jubilee was planned to take place in the Holy Land, in Rome and in all the local Churches throughout the world. Tertio Millennio Adveniente Tertio Millennio Adveniente (Latin: As the Third Millennium Approaches) is an apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II, promulgated 10 November 1994, concerning preparation for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000. In the letter, the"
"""Year of Three Popes"". Robert Blair Kaiser was a noted contributor in the field, who did much reporting on the Second Vatican Council for ""TIME"". In 2005, with the first papal election in the age of the continuous news cycle and the internet, many ""Vaticanologists"" became prominent through their wide dissemination both on television and in online publications. Blogs have become a popular means for amateur Vatican watchers to ""share"" their ""thoughts"" and ""insights"". Vaticanology Vaticanologist or Vaticanist is a term coined in the mid-to-late twentieth century to describe journalists, academics, and commentators whose area of expertise is in studying"
"Pope Paul III Pope Paul III (; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation. During his pontificate, and in the spirit of the Counter-Reformation, new Catholic religious orders and societies, such as the Jesuits, the Barnabites, and the Congregation of the Oratory, attracted a popular following. He convened the Council of Trent in 1545. He was a significant"
"Year of the Five Emperors The Year of the Five Emperors refers to the year 193 AD, in which the five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor were: Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, and Septimius Severus. This year started a period of civil war when multiple rulers vied for the chance to become Caesar. The political unrest began with the murder of Emperor Commodus on New Year's Eve 192 AD. Once Commodus was assassinated, Pertinax was named emperor, but immediately aroused opposition in the Praetorian Guard when he attempted to initiate reforms. They then plotted his assassination,"
"the second""). The existence of a second Pope John XIV was widely accepted in the 13th century, hence the numbering of Popes John XV through XIX was regarded as being erroneous. When Petrus Hispanus was elected pope in 1276 and chose the papal name John, he decided to correct this error by skipping the number XX. He numbered himself John XXI, thus acknowledging the presumed existence of John XIV ""bis"" in the 10th century. In 2018, an analysis of several silver coins from the 850s A.D, done by researchers from Flinders University indicated that they were inscribed with the name"
"Year of the Four Emperors The Year of the Four Emperors, 69 AD, was a year in the history of the Roman Empire in which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. The suicide of the emperor Nero in 68 was followed by a brief period of civil war, the first Roman civil war since Mark Antony's death in 30 BC. Between June of 68 and December of 69 Galba, Otho, and Vitellius successively rose and fell before the July 69 accession of Vespasian, who founded the Flavian dynasty. The social, military and political upheavals of the"
"Jubilee. Pope John Paul II announced a Great Jubilee for the year 2000 with his apostolic letter ""Tertio Millennio Adveniente"" (""As the Third Millennium Approaches"") of November 10, 1994. In this writing, he called for a three-year preparation period leading up to the opening of the Great Jubilee in December 1999. The first year, 1997, was to be dedicated to meditation on Jesus, the second to the Holy Spirit, and the third to God the Father. This Jubilee was especially marked by a simplification of the rites and the requirements for achieving the indulgence, as well as a huge effort"
"Great Jubilee The Great Jubilee in 2000 was a major event in the Roman Catholic Church, held from Christmas Eve (December 24), 1999 to Epiphany (January 6), 2001. Like other previous Jubilee years, it was a celebration of the mercy of God and forgiveness of sins. The major innovation in this Jubilee was the addition of many ""particular Jubilees"" for various groups of persons, and that it was simultaneously celebrated in Rome, Israel, and elsewhere in the world. Preparation for the Great Jubilee began when Pope John Paul II issued his Apostolic Letter ""Tertio Millennio Adveniente"" (""As the Third Millennium"
"Luciani made, he said: Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul I (; ; born Albino Luciani; ; 17 October 191228 September 1978) served as Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 to his death 33 days later. He was the first pope to have been born in the 20th century. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent year of three popes, the first to occur since 1605. John Paul I remains the most recent Italian-born pope, the last in a succession of such popes"
"The period beginning with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasting for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964 is sometimes referred to as Saeculum obscurum or the ""dark age."" Historian Will Durant refers to the period from 867 to 1049 as the ""nadir of the papacy"". During this period, the popes were controlled by a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family, the Theophylacti, and their relatives. The Imperial crown once held by the Carolingian emperors was disputed between their fractured heirs and local overlords; none emerged victorious until Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor"
"burning on the soles of their feet (Canto XIX). Nicholas was the chief sinner in these pits, which is demonstrated by the height of the flames on his feet. At first he mistakes Dante for Pope Boniface VIII. When the confusion is cleared up, Nicholas informs Dante that he foresees the damnation (for simony) not only of Boniface VIII, but also Clement V, an even more corrupt pope. Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III (; c. 1225 – 22 August 1280), born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, was Pope from 25 November 1277 to his death in 1280. He was a Roman"
"Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul I (; ; born Albino Luciani; ; 17 October 191228 September 1978) served as Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 to his death 33 days later. He was the first pope to have been born in the 20th century. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent year of three popes, the first to occur since 1605. John Paul I remains the most recent Italian-born pope, the last in a succession of such popes that started with Clement"
"Pope Sylvester III Pope Sylvester III or Silvester III (1000 – October 1063), born Giovanni dei Crescenzi–Ottaviani in Rome, was Pope from 20 January to March 1045. Upon the death of Pope John XIX in October 1032, the papal throne became the subject of dispute between rival factions of nobles. Theophylactus, a youth of about twenty, was the son of Alberic III, Count of Tusculum was supported by the nobles of Tusculum. Giovanni de' Crescenzi–Ottaviani was supported by the Crescenzi family. Alberic secured the election of his son through bribery. The nephew and namesake of Pope Benedict VIII, he took"
"of Christ's ruling powers. Annum sacrum Annum sacrum (meaning Holy Year) is an encyclical by Pope Leo XIII on the consecration of the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was delivered in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome on the 25th day of May, 1899, the twenty-second year of his pontificate. ""Annum sacrum"" was published on 25 May 1899, in anticipation of the Holy Year declared for 1900 to usher in the twentieth century. When the Church, in the days immediately succeeding her institution, was oppressed beneath the yoke of the Caesars, a young Emperor saw in the"
"first four Popes Leo. In the 18th century, the relics of Leo I were separated from the other Leos, and he was given his own chapel. Leo III was canonized by Pope Clement X, who, in 1673, had Leo's name entered in the Roman Martyrology. Pope Leo III Pope Leo III (; 12 June 816) was pope from 26 December 795 to his death in 816. Protected by Charlemagne from his enemies in Rome, he subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him Holy Roman Emperor and ""Augustus of the Romans"". Leo was assaulted in Rome by partisans of the late"
"Viterbo Papacy With a long history as a vantage point for anti-popes forces threatening Rome, Viterbo became a papal city in 1243. During the later thirteenth century, the ancient Italian city of Viterbo was the site of five papal elections and the residence of seven popes and their Curias, and it remains the location of four papal tombs. These popes resided in the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo alongside the Viterbo Cathedral intermittently for two decades, from 1257 to 1281; as a result, the papal palace in Viterbo, with that in Orvieto, are the most extensive thirteenth-century papal palaces to"
"Crisis of the Third Century The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (AD 235–284), was a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of invasion, civil war, plague, and economic depression. The crisis began with the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander by his own troops in 235, initiating a 50-year period during which there were at least 26 claimants to the title of emperor, mostly prominent Roman army generals, who assumed imperial power over all or part of the Empire. The same number of men became accepted"
"the end of the book as a moderate cardinal favouring religious tolerance, in the upheavals caused by the Reformation and the Roman Church's response during the 16th century. His election as pope and the subsequent unleashing of the Inquisition form the last chapters of the novel. Pope Julius III Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to"
"an uncertain calendar era (possibly from the beginning of Kali Yuga). Three Crowned Kings The Three Crowned rulers, or the Three Glorified by Heaven, or World of the Three, primarily known as ""Moovendhar"", refers to the triumvirate of Chola, Chera and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three countries or Nadu of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala) in southern India. They signalled a time of integration and political identity for the Tamil people. They would frequently wage war against one another under a"
"and Portugal, collectively account for six percent of eurozone's gross domestic product (GDP). In 2012, Eurozone finance ministers reached an agreement on a second €130-billion Greek bailout. In 2013, the European Union agreed to a €10 billion economic bailout for Cyprus. The world is in the third millennium. The 21st century is the century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on 1 January 2001 and will end 31 December 2100. The 2010s, or ""The Tens"", decade runs from 1 January 2010, to 31 December 2019. The third millennium is the third"
"the latter 20th century. Thirdly, the term refers specifically to an official designation: a large and important Catholic church that has been given special ceremonial rights by the Pope, whatever its architectural plan. These are divided into four major basilicas, all of which are ancient churches located within Rome, and, as of 2017, 1,757 minor basilicas around the world. Some Catholic basilicas are Catholic pilgrimage sites, receiving tens of millions of visitors per year. In December 2009 the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe set a new record with 6.1 million pilgrims during Friday and Saturday for the anniversary of"
"1920s The 1920s was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1920, and ended on December 31, 1929. In North America, it is frequently referred to as the ""Roaring Twenties"" or the ""Jazz Age"", while in Europe the period is sometimes referred to as the ""Golden Age Twenties"" because of the economic boom following World War I. French speakers refer to the period as the """"Années folles"""" (""Crazy Years""), emphasizing the era's social, artistic, and cultural dynamism. The economic prosperity experienced by many countries during the 1920s (especially the United States) was similar in nature to"
"December 5, 1933. Roaring Twenties The Roaring Twenties refers to the decade of the 1920s in Western society and Western culture. It was a period of economic prosperity with a distinctive cultural edge in the United States and Western Europe, particularly in major cities such as Berlin, Chicago, London, Los Angeles, New York City, Paris, and Sydney. In France, the decade was known as the """"années folles"""" ('crazy years'), emphasizing the era's social, artistic and cultural dynamism. Jazz blossomed, the flapper redefined the modern look for British and American women, and Art Deco peaked. Not everything roared: in the wake"
"Tertio Millennio Adveniente Tertio Millennio Adveniente (Latin: As the Third Millennium Approaches) is an apostolic letter of Pope John Paul II, promulgated 10 November 1994, concerning preparation for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000. In the letter, the pope addressed bishops, priests, deacons, religious and all the faithful. The document consists of five chapters: Regarding direct preparation, John Paul II specified three phases. The first phase was an ante-preparation phase in which to revive in the Christian people an awareness of the value and meaning of the Jubilee of the Year 2000 in human history. The second phase was"
"Pope Julius III Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. As pope he made only reluctant and short-lived attempts at reform, mostly devoting himself to a life of personal pleasure. His reputation, and that of the Catholic Church, were greatly harmed by his scandal-ridden"
"Paul III, played by Peter O'Toole in the Showtime series ""The Tudors"", is loosely inspired by him. The young Alessandro Farnese is played by Diarmuid Noyes in the StudioCanal serial ""Borgia"", and Cyron Melville in Showtime's ""The Borgias"". Pope Paul III Pope Paul III (; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation. During his pontificate, and in the"
"of his enemies, Severus also purged their followers to impress upon the people that he was the sole Caesar. The ascension of Severus to sole rule of the empire marks the beginning of the Severan dynasty. Year of the Five Emperors The Year of the Five Emperors refers to the year 193 AD, in which the five claimants for the title of Roman Emperor were: Pertinax, Didius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, and Septimius Severus. This year started a period of civil war when multiple rulers vied for the chance to become Caesar. The political unrest began with the murder"
"Annum sacrum Annum sacrum (meaning Holy Year) is an encyclical by Pope Leo XIII on the consecration of the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It was delivered in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome on the 25th day of May, 1899, the twenty-second year of his pontificate. ""Annum sacrum"" was published on 25 May 1899, in anticipation of the Holy Year declared for 1900 to usher in the twentieth century. When the Church, in the days immediately succeeding her institution, was oppressed beneath the yoke of the Caesars, a young Emperor saw in the heavens across, which became"