"parts, clothing, and tools. In 2005, only 18% of reported cases of larceny/theft were cleared in the United States. Shoplifting is a specific type of theft, with products taken from retail shops without paying. Items popular with shoplifters include cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and fashionable clothing. Bicycle theft is a crime involving theft of a bicycle. Those looking to steal bikes can use a variety of different methods in order to do so. Embezzlement is the unlawful taking of property by someone who it was entrusted to. For example, if a named person trusts their friend enough to allow them to"
"Theft In common usage, theft is the taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, library theft, and fraud (obtaining money under false pretenses). In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny; in others, theft has replaced larceny. Someone who carries out an act of or makes a career of theft is known as a thief. The act of"
"and forgery are also included in this precept. Professions that are seen to violate the precept against theft are working in the gambling industry or marketing products that are not actually required for the customer. Specific forms of theft and other related offences Theft In common usage, theft is the taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it. The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, library theft, and fraud"
"of the tangible personal property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of its possession. Larceny is now codified as a statutory crime in all U.S. jurisdictions. Under many states' larceny statutes, including California, larceny can include the taking of ""money, labor, or real or personal property."" Larceny is a crime against possession. Furthermore, it has two elements which must be met: the actual taking of the property, even if momentarily (""actus reus""), and the culpable intent to deprive another of their property (""mens rea""). Larceny involves the trespassory taking of property from possession of another, with"
"to the ""Catechism"", theft or stealing means ""usurping another's property against the reasonable will of the owner"" though exclusion exists for someone in great need to survive. ""Unjustly taking and keeping the property of others"" considered as theft, even if the act is outside the scope of civil law. Cardinal Christoph Schönborn gave example from the story of Saint Augustine, written in his ""Confessions"", who took pears from neighbor's garden when he was young. Schönborn says that Augustine still has ""pangs of conscience over a childish theft"" even when he became grown person, indicating that human conscience is very aware"
"its application would result in manifest injustice to owner or public."" ""United States v. Commodities Trading Corp."", 339 U.S. 121, 123 (1950)"". Civil asset forfeiture or occasionally civil seizure, is a controversial legal process in which law enforcement officers take assets from persons suspected of involvement with crime or illegal activity without necessarily charging the owners with wrongdoing. While civil procedure, as opposed to criminal procedure, generally involves a dispute between two private citizens, civil forfeiture involves a dispute between law enforcement and ""property"" such as a pile of cash or a house or a boat, such that the thing"
"Adverse possession Adverse possession, sometimes colloquially described as ""squatter's rights"", is a legal principle that applies when a person who does not have legal title to a piece of propertyusually land (real property)attempts to claim legal ownership based upon a history of possession or occupation of the land without the permission of its legal owner. In general, a property owner has the right to recover possession of their property from unauthorized possessors through legal action such as ejectment. However, in the English common law tradition, courts have long ruled that when someone occupies a piece of property without permission and"
"and excess items can be taken. Goods found in the home, but belonging to others, e.g. to the girlfriend, can also be taken unless it is proven who it belongs to. Homes can be forcibly sold (Swedish: ""exekutiv auktion""), and everyone living there might be evicted. Distraint Distraint or distress is ""the seizure of someone’s property in order to obtain payment of rent or other money owed"", especially in common law countries. Distraint is the act or process ""whereby a person (the ""distrainor""), traditionally even without prior court approval, seizes the personal property of another located upon the distrainor's land"
"Distraint Distraint or distress is ""the seizure of someone’s property in order to obtain payment of rent or other money owed"", especially in common law countries. Distraint is the act or process ""whereby a person (the ""distrainor""), traditionally even without prior court approval, seizes the personal property of another located upon the distrainor's land in satisfaction of a claim, as a pledge for performance of a duty, or in reparation of an injury."" Distraint typically involves the seizure of goods (chattels) belonging to the tenant by the landlord to sell the goods for the payment of the rent. In the"
"Looting Looting, also referred to as sacking, ransacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging, is the indiscriminate taking of goods by force as part of a military or political victory, or during a catastrophe, such as war, natural disaster (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting. The term is also used in a broader sense to describe egregious instances of theft and embezzlement, such as the ""plundering"" of private or public assets by governments. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage. In armed conflict, pillage is prohibited by international"
"or by unlawfully disposing of property, theft by deception (fraud), theft by extortion, theft by failure to take measures to return lost or mislaid or mistakenly delivered property, theft by receipt of stolen property, theft by failing to make agreed disposition of received funds, and theft of services. Although many U.S. states have retained larceny as the primary offense, some have now adopted theft provisions. Grand theft, also called grand larceny, is a term used throughout the United States designating theft that is large in magnitude or serious in potential penological consequences. Grand theft is contrasted with petty theft, also"
"Sequestration (law) In law, sequestration is the act of removing, separating, or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state. The Latin ""sequestrare"", to set aside or surrender, a late use, is derived from sequester, a depositary or trustee, one in whose hands a thing in dispute was placed until the dispute was settled; this was a term of Roman jurisprudence (cf. ""Digest L."" 16,110). By derivation it must be connected with ""sequi"", to follow; possibly the development in meaning may be follower, attendant, intermediary, hence trustee. In"
"Robbery Robbery is the crime of taking or attempting to take anything of value by force, threat of force, or by putting the victim in fear. According to common law, robbery is defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property, by means of force or fear; that is, it is a larceny or theft accomplished by an assault. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between jurisdictions. Robbery is differentiated from other forms of theft (such as burglary, shoplifting, or car theft) by its inherently violent nature (a violent crime);"
"Deforce Deforce is a legal term, meaning to unlawfully withhold land from its true owner or from any other person who has a right to the possession of it, after one has lawfully entered and taken possession of it. See e.g. 3 Bl Comm 172. Likewise, deforcement is a broad term for the holding of real property to which another person has a right; used especially to denote keeping out of possession one who has never had possession. It is an abatement, an intrusion, a dissension, a discontinuance, or any other kind of wrong by which a person who has"
"Legal plunder Legal plunder, is the act of appropriating, under the laws, the property of others. This was coined by Frédéric Bastiat, most famously in his 1850 book ""The Law"". It has since become a concept in libertarian thought, and has been used similarly by others, including Daniel Lord Smail. Today it is the appropriation of the assets of another person by power groups through rules of public law that violate the principle of equality and the Constitution. Throughout history there are many examples of legal plunder as the political and economic regimes that have followed: partial legal plunder are"
"Civil forfeiture in the United States Civil forfeiture in the United States, also called civil asset forfeiture or civil judicial forfeiture or occasionally civil seizure, is a legal process in which law enforcement officers take assets from persons suspected of involvement with crime or illegal activity without necessarily charging the owners with wrongdoing. While civil procedure, as opposed to criminal procedure, generally involves a dispute between two private citizens, civil forfeiture involves a dispute between law enforcement and ""property"" such as a pile of cash or a house or a boat, such that the thing is suspected of being involved"
"government is the plaintiff who sues a defendant-owner to take his or her property. The taking can be physical (e.g., land seizure, flooding, retention of possession after a lease to the government expires, deprivation of access, removal of ground support) or it can be a regulatory taking (when regulations are so onerous that they make the regulated property unusable by its owner for any reasonable or economically viable purpose). The latter is the most controversial form of inverse condemnation. It can occur when the regulation of the property's use is so severe that it goes ""too far,"" as Justice Holmes"
"but can be as minor as touching or moving them in the right circumstances. In ""Kirk v Gregory"", the defendant moved jewellery from one room to another, where it was stolen. The deceased owner's executor successfully sued her for trespass to goods. Goods cover almost any physical object, including animals, as in ""Slater v Swann"", but not organs, as in ""AB & Ors v Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust"". ""Possession"" has the standard legal meaning, referring to the claimant's right to use, control or deal with the item. This can include owners, but also bailees. It is unknown what mental"
"Garbage theft Garbage theft is a colloquial term for the illegitimate removal of items from a dumpster, or other waste disposal container. Due to the typically low value of stolen items, in most countries garbage theft is not treated as a major crime, with the laws against theft of garbage often focused on preventing identity theft. Garbage theft may be punishable as petty theft, with a penalty usually involving a minor prison sentence, a modest fine, or both, depending on the state or nation's laws regarding low-level theft. Garbage theft has historically been used as a means of committing identity"
"person who has title to the property to steal the property from a person who had lawful possession. For example, states provide that a person who repairs a car had a lien on the car to secure payment for the work. The lien is a possessory lien meaning the repair person has the lien as long as he maintains possession of the car. If the title owner were to take the car from the lienholder this action could be prosecuted as larceny in some jurisdictions. The taking must be trespassory; that is, it must be without the consent of the"
"Tracing in English law Tracing in English law is a procedure to identify property (such as money) that has been taken from the claimant involuntarily. It is not in itself a way to recover the property, but rather to identify it so that the courts can decide what remedy to apply. The procedure is used in several situations, broadly demarcated by whether the property has been transferred because of theft, breach of trust, or mistake. Tracing is divided into two forms, common law tracing and equitable tracing. Common law tracing relies on the claimant having legal ownership of the property,"
"to seek relief when a third party intentionally interferes or intermeddles in the owner's possession of his personal property. ""Interference"" is often interpreted as the ""taking"" or ""destroying"" of goods, but can be as minor as ""touching"" or ""moving"" them in the right circumstances. In ""Kirk v Gregory"", the defendant moved jewelry from one room to another, where it was stolen. The deceased owner's executor successfully sued her for trespass to chattel. Furthermore, personal property, as traditionally construed, includes living objects, except where property interests are restricted by law. Thus animals are personal property, but organs are not. In recent"
"to permanently deprive the owner of their goods). The term came to prominence with a sharp rise in car crime in the early 1990s. In police slang usage, ""twoc"" became a verb, with twocking and twockers (also spelled twoccing and twoccers) used respectively to describe car theft and those who perpetrate it: these usages subsequently filtered into general British slang. Any unauthorised taking of a car is likely to cause distress and can cause significant inconvenience to the owner and his or her family, so this is an offence covering an everyday crime, yet one that often involves genuine emotions"
"personal, including things in action and other intangible property"" The definition of belonging to another is ""Property shall be regarded as belonging to any person having possession or control of it, or having in it any proprietary right or interest (not being an equitable interest arising only from an agreement to transfer or grant an interest)."". It is possible to have a proprietary right or interest over property that in the ordinary sense belongs to someone else. In the case of ""R v Turner (No. 2)"", the Court of Appeal found that a man had committed theft by driving away"
"Misappropriation In law, misappropriation is the unauthorized use of another's name, likeness, or identity without that person's permission, resulting in harm to that person. Another use of the word refers to intentional and illegal use of property or funds; it can particularly refer to when done by a public official. In criminal law, misappropriation is the intentional, illegal use of the property or funds of another person for one's own use or other unauthorized purpose, particularly by a public official, a trustee of a trust, an executor or administrator of a deceased person's estate or by any person with a"
"property, although momentary, was sufficient to constitute a taking. The taking may be either direct or indirect; that is, accomplished by the criminal himself or an innocent agent. The equivalent term ""deprive"" is also sometimes used: Traditionally, a thief must not only gain dominion over the property, but also must move it from its original position. The slightest movement, a hair's breadth, is sufficient. However, the entirety of the property must be moved. As LaFave noted critically this requirement is the difference between rotating a doughnut (larceny) and rotating a pie (not larceny), as ""all"" of the doughnut is moved"
"catch a wild animal; or create a new thing, such as a loaf of bread. Secondly, you might find something which someone else has lost. Thirdly, you might take something from another person without their consent. Possession acquired without consent is a property right which the law protects. It gives rise to a right of possession which is enforceable against everyone except those with a better right to possession. There are various forms of transferring possession. One can physically hand over the object (e.g. handing over a newspaper bought at the newsstand) but it is not always necessary for the"
"other person without receiving anything in return. This section consists of two chapters that outline matters relating to the contract of gift and fundamental rules relating to gift, such as guidelines for the revocation of a gift. Wrongful appropriation is when a person takes and keeps another person's property without the owner's consent. This book is composed of law regarding wrongful appropriation and destruction of one's property by another. This book also defines direct and indirect destruction of property and the legal ramifications associated with each type of property destruction. In this book, interdiction, constraint, and pre-emption are legally codified"
"to defend the plunderer and treat the plundered party that tries to defend his property as a criminal. Legal plunder Legal plunder, is the act of appropriating, under the laws, the property of others. This was coined by Frédéric Bastiat, most famously in his 1850 book ""The Law"". It has since become a concept in libertarian thought, and has been used similarly by others, including Daniel Lord Smail. Today it is the appropriation of the assets of another person by power groups through rules of public law that violate the principle of equality and the Constitution. Throughout history there are"
"similar term. For an example, see §1803 of the Judicial Council of California's Civil Jury Instructions from 2013. Misappropriation In law, misappropriation is the unauthorized use of another's name, likeness, or identity without that person's permission, resulting in harm to that person. Another use of the word refers to intentional and illegal use of property or funds; it can particularly refer to when done by a public official. In criminal law, misappropriation is the intentional, illegal use of the property or funds of another person for one's own use or other unauthorized purpose, particularly by a public official, a trustee"
"National Stolen Property Act The National Stolen Property Act is an Act of Congress which prohibits certain offenses relating to stolen property and forgery. The definitions related to the Act are codified at 18 U.S.C. § 2311 and the offense are codified at 18 U.S.C. §§ 2314–2315. In general, the Act prohibits the interstate or international transportation of the proceeds of theft and certain types of forged securities, as well as the receipt or fencing of stolen property, forged securities, or tools for forging securities. Section 2314 of Title 18, the ""transportation"" offense, consists of five different paragraphs. The first"
"theft is also known by other terms such as stealing, thieving, and filching. Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and the Australian states of South Australia, and Victoria. The ""actus reus"" of theft is usually defined as an unauthorized taking, keeping, or using of another's property which must be accompanied by a ""mens rea"" of dishonesty and the intent permanently to deprive the owner or rightful possessor of that property or its use. For example, if X goes to a restaurant and, by mistake,"
"Confiscation Confiscation (from the Latin ""confiscare"" ""to consign to the ""fiscus"", i.e. transfer to the treasury"") is a legal form of seizure by a government or other public authority. The word is also used, popularly, of spoliation under legal forms, or of any seizure of property as punishment or in enforcement of the law. As a punishment, it differs from a fine in that it is not primarily meant to match the crime but rather reattributes the criminal's ill-gotten spoils (often as a complement to the actual punishment for the crime itself; still common with various kinds of contraband, such"