"essentially no advantage. He writes, ""In my opinion, the only obvious advantage for White is that if he or she plays for a draw, and does so well, then Black can hardly avoid this without taking obvious risks."" Adorján goes so far as to claim that, ""The tale of White's advantage is a delusion, belief in it is based on mass psychosis."" Rowson writes that Adorján's ""contention is one of the most important chess ideas of the last two decades ... because it has shaken our assumption that White begins the game with some advantage, and revealed its ideological nature""."
"and faces forward, toward the opposing side. This shows who controls the piece during play. Each side places his pieces in the positions shown below, pointing toward the opponent. That is, the first rank is or Two players alternate in making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by"
"pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece, thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the ""promotion zone"", or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Two players, Black and White (or 先手 ""sente"" and 後手 ""gote""),"
"closest to each player's right is white . The player controlling the white pieces is named ""White""; the player controlling the black pieces is named ""Black"". White moves first, then players alternate moves. Making a move is required; it is not legal to skip a move, even when having to move is detrimental. Play continues until a king is checkmated, a player resigns, or a draw is declared, as explained below. In addition, if the game is being played under a time control players who exceed their time limit lose the game. The official chess rules do not include a"
"by then), play proceeds with each player moving one of their pieces per turn. A piece may move to any vacant point on the board, not just an adjacent one. According to ""A History of Chess"", there is an alternative version in which pieces may not move to any vacant point, but only to any ""adjacent"" linked empty position, i.e. from a corner to the middle of an adjacent edge, from the middle of an edge to the center or an adjacent corner, or from the center to the middle of an edge. H. J. R. Murray calls the first"
"traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece, thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the ""promotion zone"" (that is, it starts outside the promotion zone and ends inside it), or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Each of these options is detailed"
"increasing as the standard of play improves. White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as ""White"" and the player who moves second is referred to as ""Black"". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, ""the white pieces"" and ""the black pieces"". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as ""white squares"" or ""light squares"" on the one hand,"
"White places all his counters first, followed by Black; or one per turn if the players prefer.) After all counters have been placed, White moves any one of his counters as a regular chess piece of his choosing, then immediately replaces that counter with the corresponding chess piece. Black does similarly on his turn. These ""moves of identification"" obey the following rules: After each player has identified one chess piece, on subsequent turns players may choose to identify an additional piece from those still in-hand, or move one of their chess pieces already on the board. Chess pieces move, capture,"
"start in the second ring from the centre, the knights on the third and the rooks on the outermost ring. The pawns are positioned in front of the pieces. The moves of the pieces are identical to those in orthodox chess; a queen or rook may, if it is not obstructed, move any distance round a ring, except that the ""null move"" of moving a piece all the way round the board and back to its original square is not permitted. A pawn is promoted after moving six squares from its initial position, to the square immediately before the opponent's"
"Rook (chess) A rook (; ♖,♜) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. Formerly the piece (from Persian رخ ""rokh""/""rukh"") was called the ""tower"", ""marquess"", ""rector"", and ""comes"" . The term ""castle"" is considered informal, incorrect, or old-fashioned. Each player starts the game with two rooks, one on each of the corner squares on their own side of the board. The white rooks start on squares a1 and h1, while the black rooks start on a8 and h8. The rook moves horizontally or vertically, through any number of unoccupied squares (see diagram). As with captures by other"
"White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as ""White"" and the player who moves second is referred to as ""Black"". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, ""the white pieces"" and ""the black pieces"". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as ""white squares"" or ""light squares"" on the one hand, and ""black squares"" or ""dark squares"" on"
"or captured on the next move. Unlike standard shogi, pieces may not be dropped back into play after capture. Two players alternate making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color, but rather by facing of the pieces, with the ""sharp"" end pointed at the opponent; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece,"
"an enemy king wins the game. At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has a white (or light) colored square at his lower, right-hand side. The pieces are arranged the same way for each game: the queen goes to the left of the player's king, next are the bishops, then knights, then rooks in the corners. The second row () is filled with pawns. Players choose colors by any agreed method. White moves first, followed by Green, then Black, then White again, in a counterclockwise direction. Play continues to alternate in this"
"in teams of two. At the outset, each player controls an entire quadrant of the board with a full set of chess pieces (minus one pawn). Partners occupy quadrants diagonally across from each other. The diagram at right shows the initial layout of the Forchess board (K=King, Q=Queen, R=Rook, B=Bishop, N=Knight, and P=Pawn). Four squares are initially unoccupied. All the pieces move and capture in the same manner as conventional chess, except the pawn, which moves diagonally and captures laterally. A pawn may not move two squares at a time, and there is no en passant capture. There are no"
"ranked player, conceals a soldier from each side in their hands. The opponent selects a hand to determine their colour. After that, Han places their pieces first, followed by Cho placing theirs. (The reason both sides are not placed simultaneously is because the positions of horse and elephant can be transposed, giving some strategical advantage to the player who places last.) After the pieces are set up, Cho moves first. The game is won by checkmating the opposing general. This is called ""Woetong"" (외통). In Western chess, stalemate is achieved when no legal moves are possible. However, the stalemate is"
"game is drawn . If the white king moves to the fifth , Black takes the opposition. (See Opposition (chess)#Example for more details of this game.) In a position with a blocked pair of pawns (opposing pawns on the same , the key squares for a player's king extend for three files on either side of the opponent's pawn. In this position, the first king to reach one of his key squares will win the opponent's pawn and protect his own. Even though the white king is farther away from the pawns, White wins if he moves first: The white"
"is under attack, or a stalemate (a draw) if the king is not. Each chess piece has its own way of moving. In the diagrams, the dots mark the squares where the piece can move if there are no intervening piece(s) of either color. Once in every game, each king is allowed to make a special move, known as ""castling"". Castling consists of moving the king two squares along the first rank toward a rook (which is on the player's first rank) and then placing the rook on the last square that the king has just crossed. Castling is permissible"
"2.Nc3 Nc6 3.Nf3 4.d4 exd4 5.Nxd4 Bg7 6.Be3 Nge7 7.Bc4 d6 8.0-0 0-0 9.f4 Na5 10.Bd3 d5 11.exd5 Nxd5 12.Nxd5 Qxd5 13.c3 Rd8 14.Qc2 Nc4 15.Bxc4 Qxc4 16.Qf2 c5 17.Nf3 b6 18.Ne5 Qe6 19.Qf3 Ba6 20.Rfe1 f6 21.Ng4 h5 22.Nf2 Qf7 23.f5 g5 24.Rad1 Bb7 25.Qg3 Rd5 26.Rxd5 Qxd5 27.Rd1 Qxf5 28.Qc7 Bd5 29.b3 Re8 30.c4 Bf7 31.Bc1 Re2 32.Rf1 Qc2 33.Qg3 Qxa2 34.Qb8+ Kh7 35.Qg3 Bg6 36.h4 g4 37.Nd3 Qxb3 38.Qc7 Qxd3 0–1 Three Knights Opening The Three Knights Game is a chess opening which most commonly begins with the moves: In the Three Knights Game, Black chooses to"
"Initiative (chess) Initiative in a chess position belongs to the player who can make threats that cannot be ignored. He thus puts his opponent in the position of having to use his turns responding to threats rather than making his own. A player with the initiative will often seek to maneuver his pieces into more and more advantageous positions as he launches successive attacks. The player who lacks the initiative may seek to regain it through . Due to moving first, White starts the game with the initiative, but it can be lost in the opening by accepting a gambit."
"In starting position, pawns are placed on the third and sixth ranks. Queens are placed at the right side of kings. Pawns promote (เบี้ยหงาย ""bia ngai"", flipped cowry shell) and move like queens when they reach the sixth rank. There is no castling rule like that of international chess. When neither side has any pawns, the game must be completed within a certain number of moves or it is declared a draw. When a piece is captured the count starts again from scratch only if it is the last piece of one side in the game. When the last piece"
"Pawn (chess) The pawn (♙,♟) is the most numerous piece in the game of chess, and in most circumstances, also the weakest. It historically represents infantry, or more particularly, armed peasants or pikemen. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of the immediately in front of the other pieces. (The white pawns start on a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2, h2; the black pawns start on a7, b7, c7, d7. e7, f7, g7, h7.) Individual pawns are referred to by the on which they stand. For example, one speaks of ""White's f-pawn"" or ""Black's"
"Trek"" Chess uses an ingenious board with movable parts divided into seven levels. In the initial position each player occupies two of the small movable boards with four squares used for attacking. The whites start in the lower level, using attack boards connected to this level and the first two rows of the board, while the blacks start at the top, using the attack boards and first two rows of the third level. The game of chess has been represented in the arts since its origin in Asia. Chessboards usually had considerable artistic value, being made of noble materials such"
"Queen (chess) The queen (♕,♛) is the most powerful piece in the game of chess, able to move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally. Each player starts the game with one queen, placed in the middle of the first next to the king. Because the queen is the strongest piece, a pawn is promoted to a queen in the vast majority of cases. In the game ""shatranj"", the ancestor of chess that included only male figures, the closest thing to the queen was the ""vizier"", a weak piece only able to move or capture one step diagonally and"
"FIDE Laws of Chess, the first completed illegal move is penalized by awarding the opponent two additional minutes on the clock. The second completed illegal move by the same player results in the loss of the game, unless the position is such that it is impossible for the opponent to win by any series of legal moves (e.g. if the opponent has a bare king) in which case the game is drawn. A move is completed when it has been made and the player has pressed the clock. In rapid chess and blitz chess, the first completed illegal move results"
"a claim in the center, and frees two pieces (the queen and king's bishop) for action. The oldest openings in chess follow 1.e4. Bobby Fischer wrote that 1.e4 was ""Best by test."" On the negative side, 1.e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens the squares d4 and f4; the Hungarian master Gyula Breyer melodramatically declared that ""After 1.e4, White's game is in its last throes."" If Black keeps the symmetry by replying 1...e5, the result is an Open Game . The most popular second move for White is 2.Nf3, attacking Black's king pawn, preparing to castle ,"
"21...Bd7/Be6/Nf6 [then] 22.Qg8/Re8/Qh8#.) Rule modifications have sprouted a number of variations of Alice Chess. The black army starts out on the opposite board (board B). ""Null"" or ""zero"" moves are permitted. (A move consisting of piece transfer only – from the current square a piece sits on, to the corresponding square, if vacant, on the opposite board.) A king cannot escape check with a zero move, and castling is denied if either king or rook have made a zero move. By John Ishkan (1973). Alice Chess rules, except that a move is permitted even though the square normally transferred to"
"each of the two players begins with the following sixteen pieces in a standard game: The rules of chess prescribe the types of move a player can make with each type of chess piece. Each piece type moves in a different way. During play, the players take turns moving one of their own chess pieces. Pieces other than pawns capture in the same way that they move. A capturing piece replaces the opponent piece on its square, except for an ""en passant"" capture. Captured pieces are immediately removed from the game. A square may hold only one piece at any"
"10.Qg1+ Ka6 11.Qb6 mate) 4. g8=Q+ Bb8 5. a7 Nc6+ 6. dxc6 Qxh5+ (not 7.Ka6 Qe2+ or 7.Kb4? Qh4+ with perpetual check, 7. Qg5 Qxg5+ 8. Ka6 (the queen is deflected from the white diagonal where she could give check) 8... Bxa7 (or 8...Qb5+ 9.Kxb5 Nc2 10.c7 and wins) 9. c7! (a silent move; the double threat c8=Q+ and b7 mate forces Black to sacrifice the queen) 9... Qa5+ 10. Kxa5 Kb7 11. bxa7 and White wins. Most old shatranj studies are not valid in modern chess because of changed rules. However, the moves of the king, rook, and knight"
"moves per game (or 20 chess move-pairs). Like chess, however, the game can be divided into the opening, middle game and endgame, each requiring a different strategy. The opening consists of arranging one's defenses usually in a castle and positioning for attack, the mid game consists of attempting to break through the opposing defenses while maintaining one's own, and the endgame starts when one side's defenses have been compromised. In the adjacent diagram, Black has chosen a Ranging Rook position (specifically Fourth File Rook) where the rook has been moved leftward away from its starting position. Additionally, Black is utilizing"
"Bishop (chess) A bishop (♗,♝) is a piece in the board game of chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops. One starts between the and the king, the other between the and the queen. The starting squares are c1 and f1 for White's bishops, and c8 and f8 for Black's bishops. The bishop has no restrictions in distance for each move, but is limited to diagonal movement. Bishops, like all other pieces except the knight, cannot jump over other pieces. A bishop captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece sits. The bishops may be differentiated"
"two chess players are shown, ready to do battle. The player in gold represents Love and chooses the red side. The player in black represents Death and takes the black side. The ballet proper begins with the Red Pawns assembling on the chessboard. The Red Knights arrive on the scene, afterwards joined by the Black Knights. The Black Knights prostrate themselves at the entry of the Black Queen, who fills them with fear. The Black Queen makes advances to the Red Knight and tosses him a rose, and the Red Knight becomes infatuated with the Black Queen. The Red King"
"left to right. The pieces are placed so that from left to right the following numbers appear face up: 5 1 2 6 1 6 2 1 5, with the ""key piece"" (equivalent to the king in chess, which has a ""1"" on each face) appearing in the middle and the 3s facing towards the controlling player. To ensure true fairness, each die should be of the same chirality. Players take turns moving one piece the number of squares shown on the outermost face (at the start of that move) by ""rolling"" it along the direction of travel such that"
"or add (extra time being added prior or after the move) to their time controls. Before the start of the game, either the arbiter decides, or whomever is playing Black, where the chess clock is placed. The rules of chess have evolved much over the centuries from the early chess-like games played in India in the 6th century. For much of that time the rules have varied from area to area. The modern rules first took form in Italy during the 13th century, giving more mobility to pieces that previously had more restricted movement (such as the queen and bishop)."