"Wo die Zitronen blühen """" (""Where the Lemons Blossom"", or ""Where the Citrons Bloom""), Op. 364, is a Waltz by Johann Strauss II written in 1874. The waltz was composed during a tour of the composer in Italy where he travelled with the Langenbach Orchestra of Germany and performed the work at the Teatro Regio in Turin on 9 May 1874. The waltz came after a successful premiere of his famous operetta ""Die Fledermaus"" and Strauss originally entitled the waltz as ""Bella Italia"" (Beautiful Italy) for his Italian audiences before renaming it """" after a quote from Johann Wolfgang von"
"German language was the Austrian Johann Strauss II (1825–1899). His first operetta was ""Indigo und die vierzig Räuber"" (1871). His third operetta, ""Die Fledermaus"" (1874), became the most performed operetta in the world, and remains his most popular stage work. Its libretto was based on a comedy written by Offenbach's librettists. In all, Strauss wrote 16 operettas and one opera, most with great success when first premiered. Many of his lesser operettas are now largely forgotten, since his later librettists were less talented and he often composed independently of the plot. Strauss's operettas, waltzes, polkas, and marches often have a"
"famous of which was ""Die Fledermaus"", which is still regularly performed today. Nevertheless, rather than copying the style of Offenbach, the operettas of Strauss II had distinctly Viennese flavor to them, which have cemented the Strauss II's place as one of the most renowned operetta composers of all time. In rivalry with imported Italian opera productions, a separate French tradition was founded by the Italian Jean-Baptiste Lully at the court of King Louis XIV. Despite his foreign origin, Lully established an Academy of Music and monopolised French opera from 1672. Starting with ""Cadmus et Hermione"", Lully and his librettist Quinault"
"In the late nineteenth century, a new, lighter form of opera, operetta, became popular in Vienna. Operettas had immediately attractive tunes, comic (and often frivolous) plots and used spoken dialogue between the musical ""numbers"". Viennese operetta was inspired by the fashion for the French operettas of Jacques Offenbach. ""Der Pensionat"" (1860) by Franz von Suppé is generally regarded as the first important operetta in the German language, but by far the most famous example of the genre is ""Die Fledermaus"" (1874) by Johann Strauss. Franz Lehár's ""The Merry Widow"" (1905) was another massive hit. Other composers who worked in this"
"who became composers of light music as well, although they were never as well known as their elder brother. Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include ""The Blue Danube"", ""Kaiser-Walzer"" (Emperor Waltz), ""Tales from the Vienna Woods"", and the ""Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka"". Among his operettas, ""Die Fledermaus"" and ""Der Zigeunerbaron"" are the best known. Although the name Strauss can be found in reference books frequently with ""ß"" (Strauß), Strauss himself wrote his name with a long ""s"" and a round ""s"" (Strauſs), which was a replacement form for the Fraktur-ß used in antique manuscripts. His family called him ""Schani"", derived from"
"""Don Giovanni"" (as Zerlina) with Lisa della Casa, Cesare Siepi, Walter Berry, Sazanne Danco and Josef Krips (cond.); Chorus and Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera; rec.1955 (Decca) 3. Mozart: ""Die Zauberflöte"" (as Pamina) with Wilma Lipp, Leopold Simoneau, Kurt Boehme and Karl Böhm (cond.); Chorus and Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera; rec.1955 (Decca) 4. Johann Strauss: ""Die Fledermaus"" (as Rosalinde) with Wilma Lipp, Anton Dermota, Julius Patzak and Clemens Krauss (cond.); Chorus and Orchestra of the Vienna State Opera; rec.1950 (London Gramophone LLP 305, Decca, now only available in various ""public domain"" versions) 5. Johann Strauss: ""Die Fledermaus"""
"Carlos Alexander Carlos Alexander (October 15, 1915 – September 4, 1991) was a dramatic baritone and stage director of opera, best known as a singing-actor in German repertoire. Born in Utica, New York, he debuted as a singer in Scranton, Pennsylvania, as the Conte di Luna in ""Il trovatore"", in 1940. As director, his first production was of ""Die Fledermaus"", for the Pittsburgh Opera, in 1944. Alexander sang with companies in Latin and North America and Europe, including Bayreuth (Sixtus Beckmesser in Wieland Wagner's ""Die Meistersinger"", 1963 and 1964). Operas in which he appeared include ""Lulu"", ""Il prigioniero"", ""Moses und"
"Orpheus (Telemann) Orpheus (full title: Die wunderbare Beständigkeit der Liebe oder Orpheus, ""The Wonderful Constancy of Love, or Orpheus"") is an opera in three acts by the German composer Georg Philipp Telemann. It was first performed in a concert version at the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg on 9 March 1726. The anonymous libretto is based on ""Orphée"" by Michel du Boulay, originally set by the French composer Louis Lully. Most of the work is in German but it also contains passages in French and Italian drawn from famous operas by Handel and Jean-Baptiste Lully. The music to these words"
"Bernd Alois Zimmermann Bernd Alois Zimmermann (20 March 1918, Bliesheim, Rhine Province – 10 August 1970, Königsdorf (Frechen); full name ""Bernhard Alois Zimmermann"") was a German composer. He is perhaps best known for his opera ""Die Soldaten"", which is regarded as one of the most important German operas of the 20th century, after those of Berg. As a result of his individual style, it is hard to label his music as avant-garde, serial or postmodern. His music employs a wide range of methods including the twelve-tone row and musical quotation. Zimmermann was born in Bliesheim (now part of Erftstadt) near"
"of Strauss' operettas are ""Die Fledermaus"", ""Eine Nacht in Venedig"", and ""Der Zigeunerbaron"". There are many dance pieces drawn from themes of his operettas, such as ""Cagliostro-Walzer"" Op. 370 (from ""Cagliostro in Wien""), ""O Schöner Mai"" Walzer Op. 375 (from ""Prinz Methusalem""), ""Rosen aus dem Süden"" Walzer Op. 388 (from ""Das Spitzentuch der Königin""), and ""Kuss-Walzer"" op. 400 (from ""Der lustige Krieg""), that have survived obscurity and become well-known. Strauss also wrote an opera, ""Ritter Pázmán"", and was in the middle of composing a ballet, ""Aschenbrödel"", when he died in 1899. Strauss was diagnosed with pleuropneumonia, and on June 3,"
"Richard Strauss Richard Georg Strauss (; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include ""Der Rosenkavalier"", ""Elektra"", ""Die Frau ohne Schatten"" and ""Salome""; his Lieder, especially his ""Four Last Songs""; his tone poems, including ""Don Juan"", ""Death and Transfiguration"", ""Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks"", ""Also sprach Zarathustra"", ""Ein Heldenleben"", ""Symphonia Domestica"", and ""An Alpine Symphony""; and other instrumental works such as ""Metamorphosen"" and his Oboe Concerto. Strauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying quasi-celebrity status"
"Felix Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early romantic period. Mendelssohn wrote symphonies, concertos, oratorios, piano music and chamber music. His best-known works include his Overture and incidental music for ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"", the ""Italian Symphony"", the ""Scottish Symphony"", the overture ""The Hebrides"", his mature Violin Concerto, and his String Octet. His ""Songs Without Words"" are his most famous solo piano compositions. After a long period of relative denigration due to changing musical tastes and antisemitism"
"in a 1987 ""Die Fledermaus"" from Munich, opposite Pamela Coburn, Janet Perry and Brigitte Fassbaender, conducted by Carlos Kleiber and directed by Otto Schenk. Eberhard Waechter (baritone) Eberhard Freiherr von Waechter (9 July 1929 – 29 March 1992) was an Austrian baritone celebrated for his performances in the operas of Mozart, Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss. After retiring from singing, he became Intendant of the Vienna Volksoper and the Vienna State Opera. Born in Vienna, Waechter studied at the University of Vienna and the Vienna Academy of Music. In 1953, he began voice lessons with Elisabeth Radó. That same year"
"Selective bibliography Richard Strauss Richard Georg Strauss (; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include ""Der Rosenkavalier"", ""Elektra"", ""Die Frau ohne Schatten"" and ""Salome""; his Lieder, especially his ""Four Last Songs""; his tone poems, including ""Don Juan"", ""Death and Transfiguration"", ""Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks"", ""Also sprach Zarathustra"", ""Ein Heldenleben"", ""Symphonia Domestica"", and ""An Alpine Symphony""; and other instrumental works such as ""Metamorphosen"" and his Oboe Concerto. Strauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying"
"National Opera, where his roles have included Turridu (""Cavalleria rusticana"") and ""Le comte Ory""; Opera North, where his roles have included Vana (""Katya Kabanova""), Pedrillo (""Die Entführung aus dem Serail"") and Nemorino (""L'elisir d'amore""); and Scottish Opera, where his roles have included Jack (""The Midsummer Marriage""), Narraboth (""Salome"") and Loge (""Das Rheingold""). For Glyndebourne Festival Opera, Bonaventura Bottone has sung Alfed (""Die Fledermaus""), and the Italian Tenor (""Capriccio"") Tzar Berendey (Snow Maiden). Bonaventura Bottone's European engagements include: ""Die Fledermaus"" (Alfred) at the Opéra National de Paris Bastille; ""Der Rosenkavalier"" (Italian Singer) and ""Die Fledermaus"" (Alfred) at the Bayerische Staatsoper München;"
"was an actor and also an opera singer. Aarne Viisimaa Aarne Viisimaa (born as Arnold Peeter Visman; 25 November 1898, Sangaste – 2 October 1989, Stockholm) was an Estonian operatic tenor and opera director. He was notably the director of the Estonian National Opera from 1927–1944. As an opera singer, he performed such roles as Eisenstein in ""Die Fledermaus"", Lenski in ""Eugene Onegin"", Ottavio in ""Don Giovanni"", Pinkerton in ""Madama Butterfly"", Tamino in ""The Magic Flute"", and the title roles in ""Faust"" and ""Lohengrin"" among others. He is buried in the Metsakalmistu cemetery in Tallinn, Estonia. Viisimaa was a member"
"Lucretia"", ""Madama Butterfly"", ""Salome"", and ""Der fliegende Holländer"". Of the Kammersänger's Wotan, Wieland Wagner declared that, ""No vocal giant has moved me so deeply in Wotan's Farewell as Alexander."" Carlos Alexander Carlos Alexander (October 15, 1915 – September 4, 1991) was a dramatic baritone and stage director of opera, best known as a singing-actor in German repertoire. Born in Utica, New York, he debuted as a singer in Scranton, Pennsylvania, as the Conte di Luna in ""Il trovatore"", in 1940. As director, his first production was of ""Die Fledermaus"", for the Pittsburgh Opera, in 1944. Alexander sang with companies in"
"contribution lies in the development of the German melodramas, a form of musical stage entertainment which influenced Mozart. In 1774, the Swiss-born director Abel Seyler's theatrical company arrived in Gotha, and Seyler commissioned Benda to write several successful melodramas, including ', ""Medea"" and ""Pygmalion"". ' is generally considered his best work. At its debut in 1775, the opera received enthusiastic reviews in Germany and afterwards, in the whole of Europe, with music critics calling attention to its originality, sweetness, and ingenious execution. Besides that he wrote many instrumental pieces including many sinfonias, keyboard sonatas, keyboard concertos, violin concertos and a"
"Lotte Lehmann Charlotte ""Lotte"" Lehmann (February 27, 1888 – August 26, 1976) was a German soprano who was especially associated with German repertory. She gave memorable performances in the operas of Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner, Ludwig van Beethoven, Puccini, Mozart, and Massenet. The Marschallin in ""Der Rosenkavalier"", Sieglinde in ""Die Walküre"" and the title-role in ""Fidelio"" are considered her greatest roles. During her long career, Lehmann also made more than five hundred recordings. Her performances in the world of Lieder are considered among the best ever recorded. Lehmann was born in Perleberg, Province of Brandenburg. After studying in Berlin with"
"greatest work was the operatic tetralogy ""Die Homerische Welt"" (""The Homeric World""), inspired by Wagner's ""Der Ring des Nibelungen"". After two world wars, his music was almost forgotten, especially during the Nazi era, in which it was overshadowed by Wagner's works. Today his music is very seldom played. Much of the content of this article comes from (retrieved September, 2007). August Bungert Friedrich August Bungert (14 March 1845 – 26 October 1915) was a German opera composer and poet. Bungert was born in Mülheim. His unusual musical talent was noticed and nurtured at high school by his teacher, Heinrich Kufferath,"
"""Requiem for a Young Poet"", the text is used to progress the piece by overlapping texts from various sources. He created his own musical stance using the metaphor ""the spherical form of time"". Bernd Alois Zimmermann Bernd Alois Zimmermann (20 March 1918, Bliesheim, Rhine Province – 10 August 1970, Königsdorf (Frechen); full name ""Bernhard Alois Zimmermann"") was a German composer. He is perhaps best known for his opera ""Die Soldaten"", which is regarded as one of the most important German operas of the 20th century, after those of Berg. As a result of his individual style, it is hard to"
"He travelled to Hamburg to see Caruso and Edith Walker in ""Tosca"". Greatly inspired, he added Lionel (""Martha""), Manrico (""Il trovatore""), Gomez (""Das Nachtlager in Granada"" (Kreutzer)), Froh (""Das Rheingold""), Florestan (""Fidelio""), Alessandro Stradella in Friedrich von Flotow's opera, the Duke of Mantua (""Rigoletto""), Turiddu (""Cavalleria rusticana""), Fenton (""Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor"" (Carl Otto Nicolai)), Hoffmann in Jacques Offenbach's opera, and Alfred in ""Die Fledermaus"" to his repertoire. All these parts were sung in German. In April 1909 at the end of his first season in Lübeck, he returned to Stuttgart and showed how he had benefited from the"
"in the recording of Die Fledermaus, with Clemens Krauss conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, issued by London Records LLP 305. Although he did not possess the most powerful of voices, it had a distinctive and attractive timbre and was used with such style, intelligence, charm and musicianship, and with such dramatic conviction, as to warrant a very high place among the operatic singers of his time. He was the very effective partner of Kathleen Ferrier in the recording of Mahler's ""Das Lied von der Erde"" under Bruno Walter, issued by Decca Records in 1952. He was awarded the Lilli Lehmann"
"for some 40 years. He quickly established himself in lyric roles in German and Italian repertoire such as Belmonte, Tamino, Idamante, Ferrando, Nemorino, Ernesto, Fenton, David, Chateauneuf, he also enjoyed success in German operettas, notably as Alfred in ""Die Fledermaus"", etc. He also took part in creation of contemporary works such as Henze's ""Konig Hirsch"", Arnold Schoenberg's ""Moses und Aron"", Carl Orff's ""Antigonae"", also singing as Albert in Rolf Liebermann's ""Leonore 40-45"", the title role in Igor Stravinsky's ""Oedipus Rex"", and Pelléas in Debussy's ""Pelléas et Mélisande"". He was also an admired recitalist of Lieder and Bach's oratorios, especially noted"
"were rarely performed. He composed four operas: ""Der kleine und der grosse Klaus"" (1931, revised 1940), ""Die törichten Wünsche"" (1943), ""Der Tod des Orpheus"" (1947), and ""Ich lass' mich scheiden"" (1950). He also wrote a ballet and several orchestral and chamber works. He also became known as a painter later in life. Hellmuth Christian Wolff Hellmuth Christian Wolff (23 May 1906 in Zürich – 1 July 1988 in Leipzig) was a German composer and musicologist. As a young man he studied music in Berlin and Kiel. He later taught music in Leipzig from 1954-1971. He is particularly remembered for his"
"is probably """"Ach! so fromm, ach! so traut"""". This was added to ""Martha"" eighteen years after the Vienna premiere, and had been originally written for a different Flotow opera of 1846. It has been much recorded in its Italian version, """"M’apparì tutt’amor"""". Friedrich von Flotow Friedrich Adolf Ferdinand, Freiherr von Flotow (27 April 1812 – 24 January 1883) was a German composer. He is chiefly remembered for his opera ""Martha"", which was popular in the 19th century and the early part of the 20th. Born in Teutendorf, in Mecklenburg, into an aristocratic family, Flotow was French-trained. He studied at the"
"Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (28 May 1925 – 18 May 2012) was a German lyric baritone and conductor of classical music, one of the most famous Lieder (art song) performers of the post-war period, best known as a singer of Franz Schubert's Lieder, particularly """"Winterreise"""" of which his recordings with accompanist Gerald Moore and Jörg Demus are still critically acclaimed half a century after their release. Recording an array of repertoire (spanning centuries) as musicologist Alan Blyth asserted, ""No singer in our time, or probably any other has managed the range and versatility of repertory achieved by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau. Opera,"
"Germany, Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe (except France), attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his ""reform"" operas in the 1760s. The most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially ""The Marriage of Figaro"" (""Le"
"Felix Mottl Felix Josef von Mottl (between 29 July/29 August 1856 – 2 July 1911) was an Austrian conductor and composer. He was regarded as one of the most brilliant conductors of his day. He composed three operas, of which ""Agnes Bernauer"" (Weimar, 1880) was the most successful, as well as a string quartet and numerous songs and other music. His orchestration of Richard Wagner's ""Wesendonck Lieder"" is still the most commonly performed version. He was also a teacher, and included Ernest van Dyck and Wilhelm Petersen. Mottl was born in Unter Sankt Veit, today Hietzing, Vienna in 1856. His"
"Marcel Wittrisch Marcel Wittrisch (1 October 1901 – 3 June 1955) was a popular German operatic tenor. Wittrisch was born in Antwerp, Belgium to a German family, and subsequently studied in Munich, Leipzig, and Milan. His career began in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt in 1925 in a production of ""Hans Heiling"" by Marschner at the Halle Opera House. He then went to Brunswick and on to Berlin, where he sang opera from 1929 to 1944. Wittrisch also appeared as Eisenstein in ""Die Fledermaus"" at the Royal Opera House, London in 1931. The fact that Wittisch was able to carve out a fine"
"1860, he composed the Kullervo Overture. The piece premièred on the opening of a new theatre building in Helsinki on November of the same year. Von Schantz's work was followed by Robert Kajanus' ""Kullervo's death"" and the symphonic poem ""Aino"" in 1881 and 1885 respectively. ""Aino"" is credited with inspiring Jean Sibelius to investigate the richness of the ""Kalevala"". The first opera based (although freely) upon the ""Kalevala"", ""Die Kalewainen in Pochjola"", was composed by Karl Müller-Berghaus in 1890, but the work has never been performed. Jean Sibelius is the best-known ""Kalevala""-influenced classical composer. Twelve of Sibelius' best-known works are"
"the character of Duke Urbino was singing passages of ""meows"", which was met with much embarrassment from the Berlin audience. Unperturbed, Strauss made several alterations to the work with his librettists and scored a triumph in his native Vienna at the Theater an der Wien, where it ran for 44 consecutive performances from 9 October 1883. The operetta became established as one of Strauss's three most recognisable stage works alongside ""Die Fledermaus"" and ""Der Zigeunerbaron"". A 1923 production, starring Richard Tauber at the Theater an der Wien, used a score and libretto revised by composer Erich Wolfgang Korngold and writer"
"Aarne Viisimaa Aarne Viisimaa (born as Arnold Peeter Visman; 25 November 1898, Sangaste – 2 October 1989, Stockholm) was an Estonian operatic tenor and opera director. He was notably the director of the Estonian National Opera from 1927–1944. As an opera singer, he performed such roles as Eisenstein in ""Die Fledermaus"", Lenski in ""Eugene Onegin"", Ottavio in ""Don Giovanni"", Pinkerton in ""Madama Butterfly"", Tamino in ""The Magic Flute"", and the title roles in ""Faust"" and ""Lohengrin"" among others. He is buried in the Metsakalmistu cemetery in Tallinn, Estonia. Viisimaa was a member of the Fraternity Ugala. His son Vello Viisimaa"