"its dorsal crest to make itself look larger and thus more formidable and dangerous to attack. This behavior is a predatory defense. The perineal gland is what this civet has historically been most often harvested for. This gland secretes a white or yellow waxy substance called civet, which is used by civets for marking territory and by humans as a perfume base. Perineal and anal glands are found in both male and female African civets, however, the glands are bigger in males, which can produce a stronger secretion. The perineal glands are located between the scrotum and the prepuce in"
"points and nearly pierce the skin; these are used as defensive weapons. Both males and females have large scent glands under the tail (in females, the swelling created by the glands is known as a pseudo-scrotum), which they use to mark their territories and to reinforce pair bonds. The potto has a distinct odor that some observers have likened to curry. The potto inhabits the canopy of rain forests in tropical Africa, from Nigeria , Guinea to Kenya and Uganda into the north of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is nocturnal and arboreal, sleeping during the day in the"
"noninfectious. The name derives from the Arabic ""zabād"" or ""sinnawr al-zabād"", civet cat (""Viverra civetta""), by way of Old Italian ""zibetto"" and Middle French ""civette"". The 10th century Arab historian al-Masudi mentioned civet (""zabāda"") as a spice in his book ""Murūdj al-dhahab"" (Meadows of Gold). Civet was among the many trade items that caravans, controlled by the Ghana empires, carried from the Niger valley to North Africa. Civet (perfumery) Civet (""Zibeth""; ""Zibet""; ""Zibetum""), also known as civet musk, is the glandular secretion produced by both sexes of Viverridae species. A number of viverrid species secrete civet oil in their perineal"
"the opossum mimics death, the glands secrete a foul-smelling liquid, suggesting the opossum is rotting. Note that opossums are not members of the carnivora, and that their anal sacs differ from those of dogs and their relatives. Skunks use their anal glands to spray a foul-smelling and sticky fluid as a defense against predators. An extraction of castoreum, the scent glands from the male and female beaver is used in perfumery and as a flavor ingredient. Anal gland The anal glands or anal sacs are small glands found near the anus in many mammals, including dogs and cats. They are"
"samples came back with the same results of dog feces and domestic cat hair. This indicated the lab incapable of distinguishing between leopard hairs and those of domestic animals, casting doubt on the previous findings. The lab used was not identified in the episode. Black panther A black panther is the melanistic color variant of any big cat species. Black panthers in Asia and Africa are leopards (""Panthera pardus""), and those in the Americas are black jaguars (""Panthera onca""). Melanism in the jaguar is conferred by a dominant allele, and in the leopard (""Panthera pardus"") by a recessive allele. Close"
"eyes with vertical pupils, round prominent ears and furry skin and tail. Its feet have retractable claws. The most remarkable feature of this species is their scent. This civet is known to emits a very pleasant odour from anal glands, where other civets emits very unpleasant odour. This scent is reminiscent of ""Michelia champaca"" flowers, known colloquially as sapumal in Sinahala language. So, this animal is sometimes known as ""Sapumal kalawedda - සපුමල් කලවැද්දා"". Initially, all three endemic civet species in Sri Lanka were classified as a single species, ""Paradoxurus zeylonensis"". But based on phylogenetic experiments, genetic makeup, and morphogenetics,"
"of their fur. They have six mammae and, unlike other species of spotted cats, non-pigmented skin. The black-footed cat is endemic to southern Africa, and primarily found in South Africa, Namibia, marginally into Zimbabwe, and likely in extreme southern Angola. Only historical but no recent records exist in Botswana. It lives in dry, open savanna, grassland and Karoo semidesert with shrub and tree cover at altitudes up to , but not in the driest and sandiest parts of the Namib and Kalahari Deserts. During the night, they need sparse shrub and tree covers to hunt but spend the daytime in"
"the farmers have recognized this, but they are still killed, on occasion, for their fur. Dogs and insecticides are also common killers of the aardwolf. Aardwolfs are common sights at zoos. Frankfurt Zoo in Germany was home to the oldest recorded aardwolf in captivity at 18 years and 11 months. Aardwolf The aardwolf (""Proteles cristata"") is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means ""earth-wolf"" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called ""maanhaar-jackal"" (Afrikaans for ""mane-jackal"") or ""civet hyena"", based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with"
"Jacob Temminck on the basis of mounted cats from western Africa available for sale at a London museum. Temminck named a reddish-brown-colored skin with faint spots ""Felis aurata"" and a greyish skin ""F. celidogaster"" that was spotted all over with dark blotches and a red tail. Subsequently, a brownish grey skin from Sierra Leone was described as ""F. neglecta"", a chestnut skin as ""F. rutilus"", a dark grey skin as ""F. chrysothrix cottoni"", and a black skin from Congo-Brazzaville as ""F. maka"". Two subspecies are recognised as valid since 2017: The classification and phylogenetic relationships of the African golden cat"
"to in summer. These features indicate the onset of moulting in the hot season, typically in October and November. The hind legs are longer than the fore legs, so the body appears to be sloping downward from the rump. Caracals possess distinctive black markings on their faces, and some individuals may have pronounced 'eyebrow' markings. The caracal is often confused with the lynx, as both cats have tufted ears. However, a notable point of difference between the two is that the lynx is spotted and blotched, while the caracal shows no such markings on the coat. The African golden cat"
"and body. They have large eyes with elliptical pupils; the iris is about the color of the fur. They can move their eyes within their sockets to a limited extent, and move their heads to focus on moving objects. Their ear pinnae have a fine layer of hair inside and outside. They can move the pinnae by about 80° from pointing forward to the side, and also from an erect position to pointing downwards. Their wet nose is important for both sensing smell and touch. All genet species are indigenous to Africa. The common genet was introduced to southwestern Europe"
"males and between the anus and the vulva in females. In 2014 and 2015, it was recorded in Benin’s Pendjari National Park by camera-traps. In Gabon’s Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, it was photographed close to forested areas during a survey in 2012. During surveys in 2007, it was recorded by camera-traps in the Western Congolian forest–savanna mosaic of Odzala-Kokoua National Park, Republic of Congo. In the transboundary Dinder–Alatash protected area complex it was recorded during surveys between 2015 and 2018. Research in southeastern Nigeria revealed that the African civet has an omnivorous diet. It feeds on rodents like giant pouched rats"
"similar to the sympatric caracal, but has a narrower spoor, a rounder skull, and lacks its prominent ear tufts. The African golden cat is darker, with different cranial features. It resembles the cheetah in its build and coat pattern, though not in size. The serval shares its adaptations to its marshy habitat with the jungle cat; both cats have large and sharp ears that help in locating the prey efficiently, and their long legs raise them above muddy ground and water. In North Africa, the serval is known only from Morocco and has been reintroduced in Tunisia, but is feared"
"Civet A civet is a small, lithe-bodied, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different mammal species. Most of the species diversity is found in southeast Asia. The best-known civet species is the African civet, ""Civettictis civetta"", which historically has been the main species from which was obtained a musky scent used in perfumery. The word ""civet"" may also refer to the distinctive musky scent produced by the animals. A minority of writers use ""civet"" to refer only to ""Civettictis"", ""Viverra"" and ""Viverricula"" civets. But in"
"are present below the base of the tail and on the anus. The subcaudal gland secretes a musky-smelling, cream-colored fatty substance, while the anal glands secrete a stronger-smelling, yellowish-brown fluid. In winter, the fur on the back and flanks is long and coarse, consisting of bristly guard hairs with a sparse, soft undercoat. The belly fur consists of short, sparse hairs, with skin being visible in the inguinal region. Guard hair length on the middle of the back is in winter. Prior to the winter, the throat, lower neck, chest and legs are black. The belly is of a lighter,"
"territorial, like to burrow, and prefer to sleep in an enclosed area. Like many other mustelids, ferrets have scent glands near their anus, the secretions from which are used in scent marking. Ferrets can recognize individuals from these anal gland secretions, as well as the sex of unfamiliar individuals. Ferrets may also use urine marking for sex and individual recognition. As with skunks, ferrets can release their anal gland secretions when startled or scared, but the smell is much less potent and dissipates rapidly. Most pet ferrets in the US are sold descented (anal glands removed). In many other parts"
"a white tail. The head is elongated, with small eyes, a short, broad snout, and short ears. The carnassial teeth are short, and the canine teeth long. The claws are sharp and curved, and the tail is long and bushy. Females typically have four teats. Like many other mustelids, the African striped weasel has well-developed scent glands in the perineal region that can spray a noxious fluid when the animal feels threatened. African striped weasels inhabit much of Africa south of the equator. They are found from the Democratic Republic of the Congo across to Kenya in the north, and"
"Preputial gland Preputial glands are exocrine glands that are located in the folds of skin front of the genitals of some mammals (including mice, ferrets, and even-toed ungulates) and produce pheromones. The glands play a role in the urine-marking behavior of canids such as gray wolves and African wild dogs. The preputial glands of female animals are sometimes called clitoral glands. The preputial glands of male musk deer produce strong-smelling deer musk which is of economic importance, as it is used in perfumes. There is debate about whether humans have functional homologues to preputial glands. Preputial glands were first noted"
"Its ventral fur is lighter than the dorsal fur, with individual hairs brown at the base and gray at the tip. Its forearm is long. The greatest length of the skull is long. It is known to be infected with the parasite ""Polychromophilus melanipherus"", which helps support the hypothesis that Haemosporidiasina transitioned from avian hosts to bat hosts in a single evolutionary event. The 2016 study concluded that it was likely that malaria parasites affecting humans and rodents evolved from parasites affecting bats. The African long-fingered bat's evolutionary lineage diverged from other long-fingered bats approximately 20 million years ago. In"
"anal sacs, or scent glands. These sacs communicate with the surface of the skin by ducts which open on either side of the anus. The sacs are lined with apocrine and sebaceous glands. They function to produce a natural secretion that varies from thin and yellowish to pasty and greyish; the secretion has a very strong musky odor. A small amount of this material is deposited when dogs defecate. A large amount may be extruded when a dog is frightened. It is thought that this secretion leaves a signal to other dogs allowing them to recognize the source of the"
"Anal gland The anal glands or anal sacs are small glands found near the anus in many mammals, including dogs and cats. They are paired sacs located on either side of the anus between the external and internal sphincter muscles. Sebaceous glands within the lining secrete a liquid that is used for identification of members within a species. These sacs are found in many carnivorans, including wolves, bears, sea otters and kinkajous. The anal glands are located in the wall of the anal canal. They secrete into the anal canal via anal ducts which open into the anal crypts along"
"Hairy frog The hairy frog (""Trichobatrachus robustus""), is also known as the horror frog or Wolverine frog., It is a Central African species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is monotypic within the genus Trichobatrachus. Its common name refers to the somewhat hair-like structures on the body and thighs of the breeding male. The species is about long from snout to vent. The large head is broader than long, with a short rounded snout. Males are much larger than females. The former have a paired internal vocal sac and three short ridges of small black spines along the inner"
"Catoblepas The catoblepas (pl. catoblepones; from the Greek καταβλέπω, (katablépō) ""to look downwards"") is a legendary creature from Ethiopia, first described by Pliny the Elder and later by Claudius Aelianus. It is said to have the body of a cape buffalo. Its head is always pointing downwards due to its head being heavy. Its stare or breath could either turn people into stone, or kill them. The catoblepas is often thought to be based on real-life encounters with wildebeest, such that some dictionaries say that the word is synonymous with ""gnu"". Also known as an African version of a Gorgon."
"species name """"aurita"""" is from Latin """"auritus"","" meaning ""having long ears."" Of the species, Andersen wrote that it was similar in appearance to the hairy slit-faced bat with the exception of its ""much longer"" ears. Still, it is often considered as a synonym or subspecies of the hairy slit-faced bat. Its range includes several countries in East Africa, including Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. It is documented in association with savanna habitats, though it has also been found in semi-arid climates As of 2017, it is regarded as a least-concern species by the IUCN. It meets the"
"waters with savannah-like areas some distance away. Lokotunjailurus Lokotunjailurus is an extinct genus of saber-toothed cats (Machairodontinae) which existed in Kenya and Chad during the Miocene epoch. Lokotunjailurus was about as tall as a lioness; about at the shoulder, but was much lighter in build due to its longer legs and more gracile body. Its dewclaws were particularly large in proportion to its body and were bigger than those of a much larger lion, indicating it relied on them quite heavily for grappling with prey. In comparison, its claws on the second to fourth digits were smaller than those of"
"lack perineal scent glands, they have a large pouch of naked skin located at the anal opening. Large anal glands above the anus open into this pouch. Several sebaceous glands are present between the openings of the anal glands and above them. These glands produce a white, creamy secretion that the hyenas paste onto grass stalks. The odour of this secretion is very strong, smelling of boiling cheap soap or burning, and can be detected by humans several metres downwind. The secretions are primarily used for territorial marking, though both the aardwolf and the striped hyena will spray them when"
"The paw-pads are broad and very flat, with the whole undersurface of the foot around them being naked. The tail is relatively short, being long, and resembles a pompom in appearance. Unusually among hyaenids, and mammals in general, the female spotted hyena is considerably larger than the male. Both sexes have a pair of anal glands which open into the rectum just inside the anal opening. These glands produce a white, creamy secretion which is pasted onto grass stalks by everting the rectum. The odour of this secretion is very strong, smelling of boiling cheap soap or burning, and can"
"more thick and oily than normally deposited urine, and may contain additional secretions from anal sacs that help the sprayer to make a stronger communication. While cats mark their territory both by rubbing of the scent glands and by urine and fecal deposits, spraying, most frequently engaged in by unneutered male cats in competition with others of their same sex and species, seems to be the loudest feline olfactory statement. Female cats also sometimes spray. The urine of mature male cats in particular contains the amino acid known as felinine which is a precursor to 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol (MMB), the sulfur-containing compound"
"good swimmer. Over the years, savannah cats have gained popularity as pets. Serval The serval (""Leptailurus serval"") is a wild cat native to Africa. It is rare in North Africa and the Sahel, but widespread in sub-Saharan countries except rainforest regions. On the IUCN Red List it is listed as Least Concern. It is the sole member of the genus ""Leptailurus"" and was first described by German naturalist Johann von Schreber in 1776. Three subspecies are recognised. The serval is a slender, medium-sized cat that stands at the shoulder and weighs . It is characterised by a small head, large"
"They move about with their bodies lifted high up off the ground to avoid the heat of the substrate. Their mandibles, although large, are not strong enough for defence. Instead, they squirt an acrid fluid from the anus to disable their enemies. This defence strategy has earned them the popular name of 'oogenpisser' i.e. 'eye-squirter'. Their large eyes, mandibles and speed of movement are similar to those of tiger beetles, but these beetles are flightless. They feed on other insects. This species, originating in India, is distributed widely along the northern states of Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Syria,"
"are of the same colour as the fur. It weighs from . Research in southeastern Nigeria revealed that the rusty-spotted genet has an omnivorous diet. It feeds on rodents like giant pouched rats (""Cricetomys""), Nigerian shrew (""Crocidura nigeriae""), Temminck's mouse (""Mus musculoides""), Tullberg's soft-furred mouse (""Praomys tulbergi""), Peters's striped mouse (""Hybomys univittatus""), typical striped grass mouse (""Lemniscomys striatus""), red-eyed dove (""Streptopelia semitorquata""), common agama (""Agama agama""), ""Mabuya"" skinks, Myriapoda, spiders, Orthoptera and Coleoptera as well as eggs, fruits, berries and seeds. In 1830, John Edward Gray first described a rusty-spotted genet using the name ""Viverra maculata"" based on a zoological"
"active ingredient of Cantharidine Hair Oil, a hair tonic widely sold in India. Ceroctis capensis Ceroctis capensis (Linnaeus, 1764) or Spotted blister beetle is diurnal and endemic to Southern Africa occurring in diverse habitats, and belonging to the Meloidae or Blister beetle family. It secretes a toxic liquid from its leg joints when roughly handled, blistering human skin. This species somewhat resembles ""Mylabris oculata"", a member of the same family. This species is found on a wide variety of plants, flying between flowers and consuming floral parts, showing a preference for the legume family and ""Watsonia"" species. It has a"
"in the Near East and in North Africa. Crematogaster scutellaris Crematogaster scutellaris is a species of ants belonging to the family Formicidae, subfamily Myrmicinae. ""Crematogaster scutellaris"" can reach a length of about 8 mm in the queen, while the workers rarely exceed 5 mm. These ants have reddish head and black thorax and abdomen. The shape of the abdomen is characteristic, as it gradually narrows toward the apex. They raise menacingly their pointed abdomen when they are feeling attacked, emitting a small drop of pheromones from the rear end. The smell of the pheromone causes a general mobilization in the"