"November 1555, Thomas Cranmer was officially deprived of the See of Canterbury. Under Mary's rule, Pole, whose attainder was reversed in 1554, was finally ordained as a Priest on 20 March 1556 and consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury two days later, an office he would hold until his death. He was also Chancellor of both Oxford and Cambridge universities in 1555 and 1555/1556 respectively. As well as his religious duties, he was in effect the Queen's chief minister and adviser. Many former enemies, including Cranmer, signed recantations affirming their religious belief in transubstantiation and papal supremacy. Despite this, which should"
"had nearly the two-thirds of the vote he needed to become Pope himself at the papal conclave of 1549–50. His personal belief in justification by faith over works had caused him problems at Trent and accusations of heresy at the conclave. The death of Edward VI on 6 July 1553 and the accession of Mary I to the throne of England hastened Pole's return from exile, as Papal Legate to England (which he served as until 1557). In 1554, Cardinal Pole came to England to receive the kingdom back into the Catholic fold. However, Mary and the Emperor Charles V"
"Pole. In 1555 he was chosen Warden of All Souls' College, and on 26 April in that year he was installed as prebendary of Worcester. On 12 August 1557 he was installed Dean of Worcester in the place of Philip Hawford, the last Abbot of Evesham, and about the same time he was instituted to the rectory of Bishop Cleeve, Gloucestershire. Shortly before Mary's death, Cardinal Pole, then lying on his deathbed, sent Holland to the Princess Elizabeth, with a letter in which he dwelt on his fidelity, and begged her 'to give credit to whatever he shall say on"
"David Pole (bishop) David Pole (or Poole) (died 1568) was an English Roman Catholic churchman and jurist; he was bishop of Peterborough from 1557 until deprived by Queen Elizabeth I. He was a fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, in 1520. He devoted himself to civil law, and graduated B.Can.L. on 2 July 1526 and D.Can.L. on 17 February 1527 – 1528. In 1529 he became an advocate in Doctors' Commons. He was connected with the diocese of Lichfield, where he held preferments, first under Bishop Geoffrey Blyth, and then under Bishop Rowland Lee. He was made prebendary of Tachbrook"
"House of Plantagenet. Under some circumstances, that descent could have made Reginald – until he definitely entered the clergy – a possible contender for the throne itself. Indeed, in 1535 Pole was considered by Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial ambassador to England, as a possible husband for Princess Mary, later Mary I of England. In 1542 he was appointed as one of the three Papal Legates to preside over the Council of Trent, in 1549 he was appointed by Pope Paul III Abbot of Gavello or Canalnuovo, and after the death of Pope Paul III in 1549 Pole, at one point,"
"of the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela. In 1556, he became an ""oidor"" in the Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid. During the pontificate of Pope Paul IV (1555–59), he served as Archdeacon of Calatrava la Vieja. He was also an auditor of the Spanish Inquisition. In 1556, he became the president of the Kingdom of Granada, in which capacity he participated in the suppression of the Morisco Revolt of 1568-71. He became president of the Council of Valladolid in 1578. On the recommendation of Philip II of Spain, Pope Gregory XIII made him a cardinal priest in the consistory"
"1556, where he had """"the job of explaining why a repentant sinner should still be burnt at the stake for heresy"""". On 13 July 1554, Cole was appointed as Archdeacon of Ely and Provost of Eton College, a post which he had vacated by 5 July 1559. He was made dean of St. Paul's in 1556, judge of Prerogative Court circa 1548-58 and dean of the arches in 1557/8. He was a delegate for the visitation of Oxford (1556), and Visitor of All Souls College in 1558, in which year he received the rectory of Wrotham, and was sent to"
"Henry Poole (died 1559) Henry Poole (died 1559) was an English politician. He was the eldest son of Henry Poole of Chesterfield, Derbyshire. He served as a Justice of the Peace for Leicestershire from 1538 until his death, was commissioner for musters in 1539 and 1546 and commissioner for relief in 1550. He was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leicestershire in April 1554. He was appointed High Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire for 1558-59 but died during the latter year. His term of office was completed by his brother-in-law Brian Cave. He married Dorothy, the"
"1543 and from 1555 to his death, for Denbighshire from 1555 to his death, for Caernarvonshire from 1561 to his death, for Anglesey and Montgomeryshire in 1564, and for most Welsh counties by 1575. He was appointed High Sheriff of Denbighshire for 1548-49, 1556–57, 1568–69 and 1572–73 and High Sheriff of Merionethshire for 1551-52, 1555–56, 1563–64, 1567–68, 1573–74, 1578–79 and 1583-84. In the intervening years he also served as High Sheriff of Caernarvonshire (1558–59) and High Sheriff of Anglesey (1577–78 and 1585–86). He was elected MP for Merioneth in 1558 and 1563. Other offices included Custos Rotulorum of Merionethshire from"
"national Sejms (from 1550 to 1583). He had enormous support of the other deputies: he was often chosen as the deputies' delegate to the king and senators, and held the temporary office of the marshal of the Sejm 9 times (Piotrków 15.05.-26.07.1550, Kraków 1.02.-29.03.1553, Piotrków 22.04.-15.06.1555, Warsaw 6.12.1556-14.01.1557, Piotrków 5.12.1558-8.02.1559, Warsaw 22.11.1563-1.04.1564, Parczew 24.06.-12.08.1564; Piotrków 18.01.-14.04.1556, election sejm at Wola 7.11.-15.12.1575). No other politician in Polish history would ever come close to his record. He was widely respected for his dedication to the country, never striving for more than the minor office of podkomorzy of Chełm, and never stepping on"
"Geoffrey Pole Sir Geoffrey Pole of Lordington, Sussex (c. 1501 or 1502 – November 1558) was an English knight who supported the Catholic Church in England and Wales when Henry VIII of England was establishing the alternative Church of England with himself as leader. He was fourth son of Sir Richard Pole (d. 1505), by his wife Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, and the younger brother of Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu and of Cardinal Reginald Pole. He was one of the knights made by Henry VIII at York Place in 1529. Soon afterwards, or before 9 July 1528,"
"to the Council of Trent. He remained in post after Francis I's death in 1547 and Francis' successor Henry II made him ambassador to the Papal States. Claude intervened early in the papal conclave after pope Paul III's death in 1549 after Reginald Pole came within two votes of election during the first vote. Claude rushed to the conclave door, demanding that it wait for the French cardinals, whom he claimed were in Corsica, and threatening that the election of a pope in their absence would be likely to cause a schism. This helped push the conclave into a deadlock"
"abstract state of things, but with a specific and concrete issue"". They were directed towards providing for holy orders in England ""as the recognized condition of the circumstances and the times demanded"". The powers given to Pole on 8 March 1554 distinguished two classes of priests: The mind of Julius III appears also from the letter dated 29 January 1555 by which Pole delegated his powers to the Bishop of Norwich. To the same effect was a bull issued by Pope Paul IV on 20 June 1555 and a brief dated 30 October 1555. ""Apostolicae curae"" also cites John Clement"
"by the Cardinals already in Rome, and only the ""Novendiales"" were observed. In accordance with older instructions direct from Henri II, the French faction was supporting Cardinal d'Este, then the Cardinal de Tournon (who was not present at the Conclave), and then Cardinal du Bellay. The Emperor, as in the Conclave of 1550, had a preference for Cardinal Reginald Pole, the Papal Legate in England. Pole, however, was strongly opposed by the French (in ignorance of the letters which Farnese was carrying), and by Cardinal Gian Pietro Carafa, the Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals and principal Inquisitor of"
"daughter of Richard Cave of Stanford, Northamptonshire, and the widow of John Smith of Withcote. They had one son. Henry Poole (died 1559) Henry Poole (died 1559) was an English politician. He was the eldest son of Henry Poole of Chesterfield, Derbyshire. He served as a Justice of the Peace for Leicestershire from 1538 until his death, was commissioner for musters in 1539 and 1546 and commissioner for relief in 1550. He was elected a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Leicestershire in April 1554. He was appointed High Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire for 1558-59 but died"
"continued his studies in Padua and Paris. After his return he held the benefice of Vicar of Piddletown, Dorset, between 20 December 1532 and about January 1535/1536. In May 1536, Reginald Pole finally and decisively broke with the King. In 1531, he had warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage; he had returned to Padua in 1532, and received a last English benefice in December. Eustace Chapuys, the Ambassador to England of Emperor Charles V, had suggested to Emperor Charles V that Pole marry the Lady Mary and combine their dynastic claims; Chapuys also communicated with Reginald through his"
"disputations on the Eucharist in William Cecil's and Sir Richard Morison's houses. At Queen Mary's accession Young's services were recognised by his creation as D.D. at Cambridge in 1553. incorporation at Oxford on 14 April 1554, and appointment as master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, on Ridley's deprivation, and canon of Ely in succession to Matthew Parker (12 April 1554). He was vice-chancellor of Cambridge from 1553 to 1555, when he became Regius Professor of Divinity. In this capacity he delivered a series of lectures entitled ""Enarrationes Joelis prophetae"", which he dedicated to Cardinal Pole, and which are extant. He was"
"incorporated at Oxford, and in the following year was appointed regius professor of civil law there. In July 1555 he subscribed the Marian articles of religion, and on Gardiner's death, 12 November, the mastership of Trinity Hall was restored to him. By Cardinal Pole in 1556 he was appointed advocate of the court of Canterbury, and on 7 November1557 he was admitted a member of the College of Advocates. On 12 December 1558 he was instituted to the rectory of Norton or Greensnorton, Northamptonshire. Though deprived of the Oxford chair and of the mastership of Trinity Hall soon after the"
"of 1559-1560 and 1568-71, and was Sheriff of County Dublin in 1560. He played a major role in Elizabeth I's second Irish Parliament, especially in the crucial year 1569. He emerged as the effective leader of the Anglo-Irish landowners of the Pale, who were opposed to the Court party which supported to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir Henry Sidney. His supporters attempted to have Barnewall chosen as Speaker of the House of Commons but he was defeated by the Crown candidate James Stanyhurst. Barnewall assumed the role of Leader of the Opposition, concentrating his assault on the composition of"
"17 November 1558, at about 7:00 pm, nearly 12 hours after Queen Mary's death. He was buried on the north side of the Corona at Canterbury Cathedral. Pole was the author of ""De Concilio"" and of treatises on the authority of the Roman Pontiff and the Anglican Reformation of England, and of many important letters, full of interest for the history of the time, edited by Angelo Maria Quirini. He is known for his strong condemnation of Machiavelli's book ""The Prince"", which he read in Italy, and on which he commented: ""I found this type of book to be written"
"he played a leading role in all the military expeditions of his time. His most famous campaign was against the Scots at Lecale in 1551. He defeated Shane O'Neill in an engagement in 1553, and saw further action in 1555. In 1556 Sussex sent him on another expedition against the Scots, whom he defeated at Glenarm. In 1558 in the absence of the Lord Deputy of Ireland he was appointed one of the guardians of the Pale, and was credited with maintaining firm order there. He died at Drogheda in the autumn of 1558, and was succeeded in the title"
"1549. There was much illness, coming and going, and one death in the Conclave. In the first Scrutiny, which did not take place until 4 December, at which forty-one cardinals were present, Cardinal Reginald Pole, the favorite candidate of the Emperor, received between 24 and 26 votes, only four (or two) votes short of a valid canonical election. The French Ambassador protested that if the election took place without the presence of the French cardinals, who were en route, he would declare the Election invalid. The French were promoting Giovanni Salviati (Bishop of Porto and cousin of Catherine de' Medici,"
"1557 he was deprived by Cardinal Pole of his deanery and the archdeaconry of Colchester for gross immorality, but retained, through Edmund Bonner's complaisance, his parochial preferments; his moral delinquencies (he was caught committing adultery) are detailed by various Protestant writers of the time, and especially in ""Michael Wood""'s preface to the 1553 edition of Stephen Gardiner's 'De Vera Obedientia'. He determined to appeal against Pole's decision to the Roman curia, but was arrested at Gravesend when setting out, and lodged in the Tower of London. He was released on plea of sickness on 3 December 1558, and died at"
"keeper of the spiritualities of the diocese of Bangor during the vacancy after the death of Arthur Bulkeley. In that year he subscribed the Roman Catholic articles imposed upon all graduates of the university. In November 1556 his name occurs in the commission for the suppression of heresy within the diocese of Ely, and he assisted in the search for heretical books during the visitation of the university by Cardinal Pole's delegates. In January 1556–7 he was among those empowered by the senate to reform the composition for the election of proctors and to revise the university statutes. He was"
"her to return to the Catholic faith. His refusal to take the oath under the act of supremacy was followed by his deprivation; but he was treated leniently by the queen. Allowed to live on parole in London or its suburbs, he died on one of his farms in May or June 1568. His property he left to his friends, and his books on law and theology to his college, All Souls'. David Pole (bishop) David Pole (or Poole) (died 1568) was an English Roman Catholic churchman and jurist; he was bishop of Peterborough from 1557 until deprived by Queen"
"revoking Cardinal Pole's authority as legate. His sympathy with Protestantism had been displayed in a consolatory Latin poem addressed to the Princess Elizabeth on her afflictions. On her accession in 1559 he was in favour and was summoned to attend her at Hatfield. He congratulated her in Latin verse, and was immediately constituted one of the two masters of the Court of Requests (until 1571). In spite of his Protestant opinions, he was an admirer of the learning of Bishop Cuthbert Tunstal, and composed the epitaph placed on his tomb when he died that year. On 20 Junehe was appointed"
"1657 he was one of eleven Cambridge graduates incorporated M.A. at Oxford on occasion of the visit of Richard Cromwell as chancellor. Poole was a ""jure divino"" presbyterian, and an authorised defender of the views on ordination of the London provincial assembly, as formulated by William Blackmore. After the Restoration, in a sermon of 26 August 1660 before the lord mayor Sir Thomas Aleyn at St Paul's Cathedral, he made a case for simplicity of public worship. On the passing of the Uniformity Act 1662 he resigned his living, and was succeeded by R. Booker on 29 August 1662. Though"
"delayed him until 20 November 1554, due to apprehension that Pole might oppose the Queen's forthcoming marriage to Charles's son, Philip of Spain. As Papal Legate, Pole negotiated a papal dispensation allowing the new owners of confiscated former monastic lands to retain them, and in return Parliament enabled the Revival of the Heresy Acts in January 1555. This revived former measures against heresy: the letters patent of 1382 of Richard II, an Act of 1401 of Henry IV, and an Act of 1414 of Henry V. All of these had been repealed under Henry VIII and Edward VI. On 13"
"canon of Windsor 1554, rector of Chalfont St. Giles, Bucks, 1555. He was deprived of these three preferments in 1559. On 11 November 1556, he was appointed with others by Convocation to regulate the exercises in theology on the election of Cardinal Pole to the chancellorship. Thomas Slythurst Thomas Slythurst (died 1560) was an English academic and Roman Catholic priest. He was the first President of Trinity College, Oxford. He lost his positions in 1559, on the accession of Elizabeth I of England, by his refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy. It has been said that he died in"
"again Reginald Pole, who, unfortunately, was not in attendance; he was Legate in England, guiding the government of Queen Mary I in its return to the Roman Church. On the evening of April 9, Cardinal Marcello Cervini was elected pope by ""adoration"", and the next morning was elected unanimously in a ballot. He chose the name Marcellus II, but he reigned only twenty-two days, dying in the night between April 30 and May 1, 1555. Cardinal Louis de Guise de Lorraine arrived in Rome on 21 April 1555. If the Bull of Julius III had been obeyed, and an additional"
"the Countess of Salisbury, who in turn sent her son a letter reproving him for his ""folly."" On 22 December 1536, Pole, already a deacon, was created a cardinal over Pole's own objections. He also became Papal Legate to England in February 1536/1537. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements), an effort to organise a march on London to demand Henry replace his ‘reformist’ advisers with more traditional, Catholic minds; neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort, and the English government tried to have Pole"
"(1554–1556) and Bishop of Winchester (1556–1559). Having studied law at the Inner Temple, he was treasurer of the bishopric of Winchester from 1538 to his death, and Keeper of Farnham Castle, Surrey from 1540 to death. He was elected Knight of the Shire for Hampshire seven times between 1547 and 1559. A strong Catholic, he was knighted at Westminster by the Earl of Arundel on 2 October 1553, the day after the coronation of Queen Mary I, and served as a Master of Requests during Mary's reign from 1553 to 1558. According to the inscription on their stone altar-tomb at"
"of the Santa Casa at Loreto. With the cardinals Pier Paolo Parisio and Reginald Pole he was deputed to open the Council of Trent (1 November 1542 – 6 July 1543), the choice of that place of meeting having been a concession to his diplomacy. The legates arrived on 22 November, but no council assembled; proceedings were suspended and postponed until 1545. He was appointed instead to be Papal Legate to Bologna, from 2 April 1544 to 13 July 1548. His vice-Legate was Giannangelo de' Medici, who became Pope Pius IV. On 25 February 1549, he opted for the Cardinalatial"