"Shu (Egyptian god) Shu (Egyptian for ""emptiness"" and ""he who rises up"") was one of the primordial Egyptian gods, a personification of dry air, spouse and counterpart to goddess Tefnut and one of the nine deities of the Ennead of the Heliopolis cosmogony. In Heliopolitan theology, Atum created the first couple of the Ennead, Shu and Tefnut by masturbating or by spitting. Shu was the father of Nut and Geb and grandfather of Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. His great-grandsons are Horus and Anubis. As the air, Shu was considered to be cooling, and thus calming, influence, and pacifier. Due"
"mummified, and thus became the god of the underworld. The Greeks melded Osiris with their underworldly Hades to produce the essentially Alexandrian syncretism known as Serapis. Among the Egyptians, the full-grown Horus was considered the victorious god of the sun who each day overcomes darkness. He is often represented with the head of a Eurasian sparrowhawk, which was sacred to him, as the hawk flies high above the Earth. Horus fought battles against Set, until he finally achieved victory and became the ruler of Egypt. Thereafter, the pharaohs of Egypt were seen as reincarnations of the victorious Horus. Steles depicting"
"the Aten became the central god of Egyptian state religion, and Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten to reflect his close link with the new supreme deity. The full title of Akhenaten's god was ""Ra-Horakhty who rejoices in the horizon, in his Name as the Light which is in the sun disc."" (This is the title of the god as it appears on the numerous stelae placed to mark the boundaries of Akhenaten's new capital at Akhetaten, modern Amarna.) This lengthy name was often shortened to ""Ra-Horus-Aten"" or just ""Aten"" in many texts, but the god of Akhenaten raised"
"Thoth, the god of wisdom and knowledge, and also the baboons which chatter when the sun rises raising their hands as if in worship. The jackal (or possibly dog) is linked to Anubis and the act of embalming and also Wepwawet the ""opener of the ways"" who seeks out the paths of the dead. The hawk is associated with Horus himself and also Seker the mummified necropolis god. Imseti, the human, may be linked to Osiris himself or Onuris the hunter. The Egyptians themselves linked them with the ancient kings of Lower and Upper Egypt, the Souls of Pe and"
"Emblem of the West The Egyptian hieroglyph Emblem of the West (Gardiner no. R13 𓊿 or R14 𓋀) represents the goddess Imentet, personification of the afterlife. It is composed of a hawk or ostrich feather. The alternate version of the symbol contains the complete figure of the hawk, for Horus, with the feather extending sideways, making it similar to the iat standard, surmounted by individual gods. The feather is associated with the headdress worn by the Libyans. The lower part of the hieroglyph contains the vertical form of the ""folded cloth"" (S29 𓋴) . As an ideogram, the hieroglyph represents"
"Apep Apep ( or ; also spelled Apepi or Aapep) or Apophis (; ) was the ancient Egyptian deity who embodied chaos (""ı͗zft"" in Egyptian) and was thus the opponent of light and Ma'at (order/truth). He appears in art as a giant serpent. His name is reconstructed by Egyptologists as *ʻAʼpāp(ī), as it was written ""ꜥꜣpp(y)"" and survived in later Coptic as ""Aphōph"". Apep was first mentioned in the Eighth Dynasty, and he was honored in the names of the Fourteenth Dynasty king 'Apepi and of the Greater Hyksos king Apophis. Ra was the solar deity, bringer of light, and"
"Ra Ra (; or ""rˤ;"" also transliterated ""rˤw;"" cuneiform: ""ri-a"" or ""ri-ia"") or Re (; , ""Rē"") is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun. By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun. In later Egyptian dynastic times, Ra was merged with the major god Horus into Ra-Horakhty (""Ra, who is Horus of the Two Horizons""). He was believed to rule in all parts of the created world: the sky, the Earth, and the underworld. He was synonymous"
"Helios Helios (; ""Hēlios""; Latinized as ""Helius""; in Homeric Greek) is the god and personification of the Sun in Greek mythology. He is the son of the Titan Hyperion and the Titaness Theia (according to Hesiod), also known as Euryphaessa (in ""Homeric Hymn 31"") and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, and Eos, the dawn. Helios was described as a handsome young man crowned with the shining aureole of the Sun, who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day to earth-circling Oceanus and through the world-ocean returned to the East at night. In the ""Homeric"
"Marduk Marduk (cuneiform: AMAR.UTU; Sumerian: ""amar utu.k"" ""calf of the sun; solar calf""; Greek , ""Mardochaios""; ) was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon. When Babylon became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century BC), he slowly started to rise to the position of the head of the Babylonian pantheon, a position he fully acquired by the second half of the second millennium BC. In the city of Babylon, Marduk was worshiped in the temple Esagila. Marduk is associated with the divine weapon Imhullu. ""Marduk"""
"form, he was represented as the god of light and the husband of Hathor. He was one of the oldest gods of ancient Egypt. He became the patron of Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) and the first national god ('God of the Kingdom'). Later, he also became the patron of the pharaohs, and was called the son of truth – signifying his role as an important upholder of Maat. He was seen as a great falcon with outstretched wings whose right eye was the sun and the left one was the moon. In this form, he was sometimes given the title Kemwer, meaning"
"identity was often combined with other gods, forming an interconnection between deities. Ra Ra (; or ""rˤ;"" also transliterated ""rˤw;"" cuneiform: ""ri-a"" or ""ri-ia"") or Re (; , ""Rē"") is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun. By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun. In later Egyptian dynastic times, Ra was merged with the major god Horus into Ra-Horakhty (""Ra, who is Horus of the Two Horizons""). He was believed to rule in all parts of the"
"as bright as the sun was explained by a tale, known as ""The Contendings of Horus and Seth"". In this tale, it was said that Set, the patron of Upper Egypt, and Horus, the patron of Lower Egypt, had battled for Egypt brutally, with neither side victorious, until eventually the gods sided with Horus. As Horus was the ultimate victor he became known as ""ḥr.w wr"" ""Horus the Great"", but more usually translated ""Horus the Elder"". In the struggle, Set had lost a testicle, and Horus's eye was gouged out. Horus represented the eclipsing binary Algol in the Calendar of"
"and his entourage of other gods, and the sun disk can either be equated with this solar barque or depicted containing the barque inside it. The disk is often called Ra's ""daughter"" in Egyptian texts. As the sun, the Eye of Ra is a source of heat and light, and it is associated with fire and flames. It is also equated with the red light that appears before sunrise, and with the morning star that precedes and signals the sun's arrival. The eyes of Egyptian deities, although they are aspects of the power of the gods who own them, sometimes"
"""imnt"" ""west"" or ""wnmy"" ""right"". Emblem of the West The Egyptian hieroglyph Emblem of the West (Gardiner no. R13 𓊿 or R14 𓋀) represents the goddess Imentet, personification of the afterlife. It is composed of a hawk or ostrich feather. The alternate version of the symbol contains the complete figure of the hawk, for Horus, with the feather extending sideways, making it similar to the iat standard, surmounted by individual gods. The feather is associated with the headdress worn by the Libyans. The lower part of the hieroglyph contains the vertical form of the ""folded cloth"" (S29 𓋴) . As"
"Khepri Khepri (Egyptian: ""ḫprj,"" also transliterated Khepera, Kheper, Khepra, Chepri) is a god in ancient Egyptian religion who represents the rising or morning sun. By extension, he can also represent creation and the renewal of life. Khepri ""ḫprj"" is derived from Egyptian language verb ""ḫpr,"" meaning ""develop"", ""come into being"", or ""create"". The god was connected with the scarab beetle (""ḫprr"" in Egyptian), because the scarab rolls balls of dung across the ground, an act that the Egyptians saw as a symbol of the forces that move the sun across the sky. Khepri was thus a solar deity. Young dung"
"Mehet-Weret Mehet-Weret () is an ancient Egyptian deity of the sky in ancient Egyptian religion. Her name means ""Great Flood"". She was mentioned in the Pyramid Texts. In ancient Egyptian creation myths, she gives birth to the sun at the beginning of time, and in art she is portrayed as a cow with a sun disk between her horns. She is associated with the goddesses Neith, Hathor, and Isis, all of whom have similar characteristics, and like them she could be called the ""Eye of Ra"". Mehet-Weret is primarily known as being the “Celestial Cow” or “Cow Goddess” because of"
"Harpocrates Harpocrates () was the god of silence, secrets and confidentiality in the Hellenistic religion developed in Ptolemaic Alexandria (and also an embodiment of hope, according to Plutarch). Harpocrates was adapted by the Greeks from the Egyptian child god Horus, who represented the newborn sun, rising each day at dawn. Harpocrates's name was a Hellenization of the Egyptian ""Har-pa-khered"" or ""Heru-pa-khered"", meaning ""Horus the Child"". In Egyptian mythology, Horus was the child of Isis and Osiris. Osiris was the original divine pharaoh of Egypt, who had been murdered by his brother Set (by ""interpretatio graeca"", identified with Typhon or Chaos),"
"great magic""), implying the association with a goddess such as Hathor or Isis. Another title is ""Horus Pakhet""; the presence of many mumified hawks at the site would further the association with Hathor who was the mother of Horus, the hawk, the pharaoh, and the sun. Her hunting nature led to the Greeks, who later occupied Egypt for three hundred years, identifying Pakhet with Artemis. Consequently, this underground temple became known to them as ""Speos Artemidos"", the ""Cave of Artemis"", a name that persists even though Artemis is not an Egyptian goddess. The Greeks attempted to align the Egyptian deities"
"the singular Solar Force. ""Khuit"" also refers to a local form of the goddess Hathor at Athribis, who guarded the heart of Osiris. ""Khut"" refers to the goddess Isis as light giver of the new year, and by some accounts can also mean the fiery serpent on the crown of Ra. This last meaning serves as a title of Isis in one of the hymns to ""Isis-Hathor"" at the Temple of Philae. Hathor also has the titles ""Uraeus of Ra"" and ""Great Flame"". The Passive Aspect of Heru-ra-ha is Hoor-pa-kraat (Egyptian: Har-par-khered), more commonly referred to by the Greek transliteration"
"are viewed in person, rather than merely in photographs. Egyptologists have vocalized the word variously as Aten, Aton, Atonu, and Itn. Aten Aten (also Aton, ) is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of the god Ra. The deified Aten is the focus of the monotheistic religion of Atenism established by Amenhotep IV, who later took the name Akhenaten (died ca. 1335 BCE) in worship and recognition of Aten. In his poem ""Great Hymn to the Aten"", Akhenaten praises Aten as the creator, giver of life, and nurturing spirit of the world. Aten"
"Aten Aten (also Aton, ) is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of the god Ra. The deified Aten is the focus of the monotheistic religion of Atenism established by Amenhotep IV, who later took the name Akhenaten (died ca. 1335 BCE) in worship and recognition of Aten. In his poem ""Great Hymn to the Aten"", Akhenaten praises Aten as the creator, giver of life, and nurturing spirit of the world. Aten does not have a Creation Myth or family but is mentioned in the Book of the Dead. The worship of Aten"
"Sekhmet In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet ( or Sachmis (), also spelled Sakhmet, Sekhet, or Sakhet, among other spellings, is a warrior goddess as well as goddess of healing. She is depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath formed the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare. Sekhmet is also a solar deity, sometimes called the daughter of Ra and often associated with the goddesses Hathor and Bastet. She bears the Uraeus, which associates her with Wadjet and royalty, and the solar disk."
"enclosure was provided to house lions. Sekhmet In Egyptian mythology, Sekhmet ( or Sachmis (), also spelled Sakhmet, Sekhet, or Sakhet, among other spellings, is a warrior goddess as well as goddess of healing. She is depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath formed the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare. Sekhmet is also a solar deity, sometimes called the daughter of Ra and often associated with the goddesses Hathor and Bastet. She bears the Uraeus, which associates her with Wadjet"
"Nyx Nyx (; , ""Nyks"", ""Night""; ) is the Greek goddess (or personification) of the night. A shadowy figure, Nyx stood at or near the beginning of creation and mothered other personified deities such as Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos (Death), with Erebus (Darkness). Her appearances are sparse in surviving mythology, but reveal her as a figure of such exceptional power and beauty that she is feared by Zeus himself. In Hesiod's ""Theogony"", Nyx is born of Chaos. With Erebus (Darkness), Nyx gives birth to Aether (Brightness) and Hemera (Day). Later, on her own, Nyx gives birth to Moros (Doom, Destiny),"
"to be false in 2003. The evolution of the symbols used in mathematics, although similar to the different parts of the Eye of Horus, is now known to be distinct. Eye of Horus The Eye of Horus, also known as wadjet, wedjat or udjat, is an ancient Egyptian symbol of protection, royal power, and good health. The Eye of Horus is similar to the Eye of Ra, which belongs to a different god, Ra, but represents many of the same concepts. Funerary amulets were often made in the shape of the Eye of Horus. The Eye of Horus is ""the"
"and to ward off evil. Ancient Egyptian and Middle-Eastern sailors would frequently paint the symbol on the bow of their vessel to ensure safe sea travel. Horus was the ancient Egyptian sky god who was usually depicted as a falcon, most likely a lanner or peregrine falcon. His right eye was associated with the sun god, Ra. The eye symbol represents the marking around the eye of the falcon, including the ""teardrop"" marking sometimes found below the eye. The mirror image, or left eye, sometimes represented the moon and the god Djehuti (Thoth). It was believed by the Greeks and"
"Fanous Fanous ( , ""pl."" ), meaning lamp or light, is widely associated with Fanous Ramadan or Fanoos Ramdan.() and is now commonly known as the Ramadan lantern. The word ""Fanous"" (""Fanos"", ""Phanos"" and ""Fanoos"" in Egyptian dialects) is a term of Greek origin transliterated to ""candle"". It means 'light' or 'lantern'. It was historically used in its meaning of ""the light of the world,"" and is a symbol of hope, as in ""light in the darkness"". The traditional use of fanous as decorations associated with Ramadan is believed to have originated during the Fatimid Caliphate, primarily centered in Egypt,"
"eye equated with the moon. At times the Egyptians called the lunar eye the ""Eye of Horus"", a concept with its own complex mythology and symbolism, and called the solar eye the ""Eye of Ra""—Ra being the preeminent sun god in ancient Egyptian religion. However, in Egyptian belief, many terms and concepts are fluid, so the sun could also be called the ""Eye of Horus"". The yellow or red disk-like sun emblem in Egyptian art represents the Eye of Ra. Because of the great importance of the sun in Egyptian religion, this emblem is among the most common religious symbols"
"agent of action, protection or wrath. The Eye of Horus was represented as a hieroglyph, designated D10 in Gardiner's sign list. It is represented in the Unicode character block for Egyptian hieroglyphs as U+13080 (𓂀). In Egyptian society, the eye of Horus was also a plant, which they included in elixirs and cakes. This plant was believed to have the ability to confer immortality onto people. One myth includes gods living upon plant life growing near a lake in Sekhet-hetep. The plants by this great lake was believed to be baked into the 'bread of eternity'. In Ancient Egypt, most"
"hawk is not his messenger. For he never leaves his house. Stories are, however, told of his attending feasts in human form and flying away in hawk form when all was over (Thomas 1911, p. 52). According to Florance Waterbury, hawk worship was universal (Waterbury 1952, p. 26). This particular bird was ""a heavenly deity; its wings were the sky, the sun and moon were its eyes"" (Waterbury 1952, p. 26). The hawk is commonly associated with the Egyptian god Horus. The souls of former pharaohs were the followers of Horus and therefore, the hawk (Waterbury 1952, p. 26). Horus"
"was ""Ra-Horus, who rejoices in the horizon in his name of the light which is in the sun disc"". (That is the title of the god as it appears on numerous stelae, placed to mark the boundaries of Akhenaten's new capital at Akhetaten.) However, in the ninth year of his reign Akhenaten declared a more radical version of his new religion by declaring Aten not merely the supreme god but the only god, and Akhenaten was the son of Aten was the only intermediary between the Aten and his people. He ordered the defacing of Amun's temples throughout Egypt. Key"
"to his father, Osiris, in hopes of restoring his life. Hence, the eye of Horus was often used to symbolise sacrifice, healing, restoration, and protection. The Eye of Horus can be represented as a solar, lunar, and ornithological symbol. This is due to Horus being a solar and lunar deity as well as having a bird-like appearance. There are seven different hieroglyphs used to represent the eye, most commonly ""ir.t"" in Egyptian, which also has the meaning ""to make or do"" or ""one who does"". In Egyptian myth the eye was not the passive organ of sight but more an"
"Eye of Ra The Eye of Ra or Eye of Re is a being in ancient Egyptian mythology that functions as a feminine counterpart to the sun god Ra and a violent force that subdues his enemies. The Eye is an extension of Ra's power, equated with the disk of the sun, but it also behaves as an independent entity, which can be personified by a wide variety of Egyptian goddesses, including Hathor, Sekhmet, Bastet, Wadjet, and Mut. The Eye goddess acts as mother, sibling, consort, and daughter of the sun god. She is his partner in the creative cycle"