"which was in use in 1239. The 14th-century Bishop Wyvil was the first to describe himself as ""episcopus Sarum"". The addition of 'old' to the name distinguished it from New Sarum, the formal name of the present-day city of Salisbury until 2009. The hilltop at Old Sarum shows evidence of Neolithic settlement as early as 3000 BC. There is evidence that early hunters and, later, farming communities occupied the site. A protective hill fort was constructed by the local inhabitants around 400 BC during the British Iron Age by creating enormous banks and ditches surrounding the hill. The hillfort is"
"further east is believed to have been the palace of the Praeses or provincial governor. Several Roman stone slabs from Virunum have been incorporated in the ""Prunnerkreuz"" (""Prunner's Cross""), a small shrine from 1692 at the northern limits of the city. Johann Dominikus Prunner was the Secretary to the Estates of the Duchy of Carinthia and a private archaeologist. <br> Believing the city's name to have been ""Sala"", from which name nearby Maria Saal's name was supposedly derived, Prunner had a ""medallion stele"" put in the southern wall of the sanctuary on which he had the inscription added ""HIC LOCVS"
"the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). His life is also covered in the ""Chronicle of Seert"". In all these accounts he is anachronistically called 'catholicus', a term that was only applied to the primates of the Church of the East in the fifth century. The following account of Barbaʿshmin's episcopate and martyrdom is given by Mari: The patriarch Barbaʿshmin, whose name means 'the man with four names', was the sister's son of Shemʿon Bar Sabbaʿe and a native of Beth Garmai. He was a man of outstanding piety and honesty. He was consecrated in secret in"
"EST UBI SALA STETIT – PENETRARE VIATOR"" (""This is the Place where Sala once was. Wanderer, step inside""). Other Virunum stones integrated are Virunum Claudium Virunum was a Roman city in the province of Noricum, on today's Zollfeld in the Austrian State of Carinthia. Virunum may also have been the name of the older Celtic-Roman settlement on the hilltop of Magdalensberg nearby. Virunum (Virunensis) is today a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Municipium Claudium Virunum, or simply, Virunum, was founded under Emperor Claudius as the capital of the province of Noricum succeeding the town upon the hilltop of"
"military officer in the province suffered martyrdom for the sake of his faith, later canonised as Saint Florian. The Roman colonies and chief towns were ""Virunum"" (near Maria Saal to the north of Klagenfurt), ""Teurnia"" (near Spittal an der Drau), ""Flavia Solva"" (near Leibnitz), ""Celeia"" (Celje) in today's Slovenia, ""Juvavum"" (Salzburg), ""Ovilava"" (Wels), ""Lauriacum"" (Lorch at the mouth of the Enns, the ancient ""Anisus""). Knowledge of Roman Noricum has been decisively expanded by the work of Richard Knabl, an Austrian epigrapher of the 19th century. In 1919, Heinrich Lammasch, the last prime minister of Imperial Austria, proposed to give the"
"Pope Caius Pope Caius (died 22 April 296), also called Gaius, was the Bishop of Rome from 17 December 283 to his death in 296. Christian tradition makes him a native of the Dalmatian city of Salona, today ""Solin"" near Split, the son of a man also named Caius, and a member of a noble family related to the Emperor Diocletian. He was Illyrian. Little information on Caius is available except that given by the ""Liber Pontificalis"", which relies on a legendary account of the martyrdom of St. Susanna for its information. According to legend, Caius baptized the men and"
"seat of a Christian bishopric. The see was revived in the 17th century as a Catholic titular see. There were nine ancient bishops of Hadrumetum who are still known. Hadrumetum Hadrumetum, also known by many variant spellings and names, was a Phoenician colony that pre-dated Carthage. It subsequently became one of the most important cities in Roman Africa before Vandal, Byzantine, and Umayyad conquerors left it ruined. In the early modern period, it was the village of Hammeim, now part of Sousse, Tunisia. The Phoenician and Punic name for the place was (), ""Southern"", or (), ""The Southern"". A similar"
"under Roman and Byzantine rules. The tribes of Tayy, Abd Al-Qais, and Taghlib were also known to have included a large number of Christians prior to Islam. The southern Arabian city of Najran was also a center of Arab Christianity. Letters exist in Syriac that record the persecution of believers by the king of Yemen in the 6th century, when the latter had adopted Judaism. Cosmas Indicopleustes records the launch of a punitive expedition from Ethiopia in response. The leader of the Arabs of Najran during the period of persecution, Al-Harith, was canonized by the Roman Catholic Church as St."
"Teophilus Seremi Teophilus Seremi (also spelled ""Szeremi""; died July 1697) was an Orthodox bishop and metropolitan of Bălgrad (of Transylvania) between 1692 and 1697. His name was Thomas Seremi layman and was part of the gentry Teiuş (nemes). He started the negotiations for union with the Catholic Church Metropolitan of Transylvania, laying the foundation of the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic. After discussions with the Jesuit Ladislas Baranyi, Theophilus Seremi convened in 1697 metropolitan council. Through a conciliar document dated 21 March 1697 decided the union with Rome following the rules of the council of Florence and previous examples"
"from Pope Gregory VII (1073–1085) exists, addressed to ""clero et populo Buzee"" (the clergy and people of Béjaïa), in which he writes of the consecration of a bishop named Servandus for Christian North Africa. No longer a residential bishopric, Saldae (v.) is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. and still has incumbents by that title (mostly of the lowest (episcopal) rank, some of the intermediary archiepiscopal rank). This titular see was for a long time, ""alternatively and concurrently"" with the city's authentic Roman Latin name Saldae (v.), called Bugia, the Italian language form (used in the"
"Victor Sylvestrovych Solowij Victor Sylvestrovych Solowij (29 November 1891 – 31 January 1966), later known as Archbishop Varlaam, was an archbishop of the Ukrainian Autocephalic Orthodox Church known for his public-political and church activism. He was born in the village of Kiryjivka, in the Sosnycia District of Chernihiv Province, Ukraine. He attended Novhorod-Siversky religious school and the Chernihiv Seminary before obtaining a law degree from Warsaw University in 1914. From 1914-1915 he worked as a court applicant in Moscow. He was then drafted and served as an artillery officer in the Russian Czarist Army. In 1917 he became the leader-chairman"
"Jilu and Seert before his election, and may therefore have been consecrated by Abdisho IV. His letter of 1580 written to pope Gregory XIII shortly after his election was witnessed, among others, by the bishops Sargis of Jilu and Joseph of Seert, both probably consecrated by the new patriarch. The witnesses of Eliya VII's profession of faith in 1586 did not include a metropolitan of Seert, but a metropolitan of Seert named Mar Yaqob, 'superior of the monastery of Seert', is mentioned by Leonard Abel in 1587 as among 'the more lettered men of the Nestorian nation'. The metropolitan Eliya"
"Satrianum The Diocese of Satrianum (Latin) or Satriano (Italian) is now a Roman Catholic titular see, that is, an episcopal see that is no longer a geographical diocese. It takes its name from a now destroyed town situated in Lucania and was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Salerno. The adjectival form of the Latin name of the diocese is ""Satrianensis"". The current titular archbishop is Patrick Coveney. The diocese was set up by Pope Urban II on 20 July 1098, and continued to exist even after the destruction of the town in 1430. On 19 July 1525 the"
"Christ’s holy martyrs Sergius and Bacchus called ""Callinicum"""" to which Pope Benedict III (855‑858) gave silver gifts including two chalices, a paten and incense boat (""LP"" 106.26). Callinicum is a city in Syria. The ninth century monastery was under the authority of St. Paul’s Outside the Walls. In the eleventh century the monastery was populated by Benedictine monks, known in the Catalogue of Turin as the ""Church of St. Sergius in Suburra."" Suburra is an ancient and modern name of the neighborhood. A bull of 1045 of Pope Gregory VI (1045-6) put under the authority of the monastery of St."
"On 5 October 1920, Pope Benedict XV proclaimed Ephrem a Doctor of the Church (""Doctor of the Syrians""). This proclamation was made before critical editions of Ephrem's authentic writings were available. The most popular title for Ephrem is ""Harp of the Spirit"" (Syriac: , ""Kenārâ d-Rûḥâ""). He is also referred to as the Deacon of Edessa, the Sun of the Syrians and a Pillar of the Church. His Roman Catholic feast day of 9 June conforms to his date of death. For 48 years (1920–1969), it was on 18 June, and this date is still observed in the Extraordinary Form."
"adherents of Sunni Islam. Batnae (or Batnæ) was important enough in the Lat Roman province of Osroene to become a suffragan bishopric of its capital Edessa's Metropolitan, yet was to fade. The most famous Bishop of the city was Jacob of Serugh – The great Syriac Christian hymnographer born around 431 at Kurtam on the Euphrates and educated at Edessa becoming a priest at Hawra in the Serugh district, as a wandering pastor of several villages. At the age of 67 he was made bishop of Batnan, where he died around 521. Jacob avoided the theological controversies of his age,"
"of the Union of Brest and training Mukacheve Greek Catholic diocese. Romanian clergy would receive the same privileges and immunities as the Latin-rite clergy. On 4 April 1697 the Imperial Chancellor Franz Ulrich Kinsky, presented in Vienna requested the union of the Metropolitan Bishop Theophilus of Bălgrad with the Catholic Church and an Imperial resolution favorable in this respect. Teophilus Seremi Teophilus Seremi (also spelled ""Szeremi""; died July 1697) was an Orthodox bishop and metropolitan of Bălgrad (of Transylvania) between 1692 and 1697. His name was Thomas Seremi layman and was part of the gentry Teiuş (nemes). He started the"
"Abraham of Cyrrhus Saint Abraham (Cyrrhus, Syria, 350–Constantinople, 422) (also known as Abraham of Charres and Abraham the Apostle of Lebanon was a Syrian hermit and bishop of Harran. He was born and educated at Carrhae (modern Harran) in Syria, and preached the Gospel in the valley of Mount Lebanon, where he lived as a hermit. His life was described by Theodoret of Cyr (393-466 A.D.), the Bishop of Cyrrhus, who named him among the other thirty holy men and women in his book ""Historia Religiosa"" (Religious History). He spent the first part of his life in the desert of"
"1018/19, was formerly bishop of Sharhrgard. The town of Lashom (Syriac: ) was situated 'nine hours' to the south of Kirkuk, close to the town of Daquqa, which had replaced Karka d'Beth Slokh as the seat of the metropolitans of Beth Garmai by the thirteenth century. Wallis Budge has identified Lashom with the village of Lasim, three-quarters of a mile to the southwest of Daquqa. The bishop Bata of Lashom was confirmed as a suffragan bishop of the metropolitan Aqballaha of Beth Garmaï in Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac in 410. He was also among the signatories of"
"Ignatius IV Sarrouf Ignatius IV (Youssef) Sarrouf (or ""Aganatios Sarruf"", 1742–1812) was Patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in 1812. He is remembered for both his patriarchate (short and ended by his murder), and for having been, as metropolitan of Beirut, a leading figure in the early history of the Melkite Church. Youssef Sarrouf was born in 1742 in Damascus. In 1756 he entered in the Basilian Chouerite Order, being the only monk born in Damascus. On 15 August 1758 he made the solemn vows taking the name of ""Ignatius"". In 1764 he was ordained deacon and in 1773"
"these great people are Saint Ephrem (373), Doctor of the Church, and Saint Jacob of Sarug (521). During the Crusades there were many examples of warm relations between Catholic and Syriac Orthodox bishops. Some of these bishops favored union with Rome, but there was no push to unify until a decree of union between the Syriac Orthodox and Rome was signed at the Council of Florence September 30, 1444- but the effects of this decree were rapidly annulled by opponents of it in the Syriac Church's hierarchy. Jesuit and Capuchin missionaries evangelizing in Aleppo caused some local Syriac Orthodox faithful"
"of Dairut and Sanabou. 24) Picenti (Pisentios), Diocesan Bishop of the Holy Diocese of Helwan and Al Maasara (Tura). 25) Aghapios, Diocesan Bishop the Holy Diocese of Deir Mawas and Delga. 26) Thomas, Diocesan Bishop of the Holy Diocese of el-Qusiya (Qis) and Meir. 27) Matthias, Diocesan Bishop of the Holy Diocese of El-Mahalla El-Kubra and Samanoud (Sebennytos). (Currently relieved from Eparchial Shepherding) 28) Cheroubim (Cherubim), Diocesan Bishop of the Holy Diocese of Qena, comprising the Holy Suffragan Diocese of Qift (Coptos) and its jurisdictions. 29) Pimen, Diocesan Bishop of the Holy Diocese of Naqada (Ombos), comprising the Holy Suffragan"
"Barlaam (Shyshatsky) Monk Barlaam (; secular name Gregory Stepanovich Shyshatsky, 12 March 1750, village Krasilovka, Kozeletskyy uezd, Chernigov province - 23 July 1820, Novgorod-Seversky) was a defrocked Archbishop of Mogilev and Vitebsk of the Russian Orthodox Church. During the French invasion of Russia he was accused of taking a loyalty oath to Napoleon, forcing junior clergymen to do the same, celebrating Napoleon's birthday and saying prayers for Napoleon instead of the tsar's family. After a long trial by the Holy Synod, Varlaam was found guilty, stripped of the rank and confined to a monastery. Varlaam was born in Chernigov Guberniya"
"with yellowing grey hair, vested as a bishop, holding a cross in his right hand, and a Gospel book in his left. The cross commemorates a miracle attributed to St Pancras whereby he saved the city of Taormina from destruction by the pagan commander Aquilinus. The Gospel represents his preaching of the Christian faith. Pancras of Taormina Saint Pancras or Pancratius (Greek: , ""Hagios Pankratios""; ; ; Church Slavonic: , ""Svjatyj Pankratij"") is said to have been born in Antioch in Cilicia (the modern Adana). According to tradition, he travelled to Jerusalem with his parents during the earthly ministry of"
"The bishop Andrew of Deir Mihraq (Rima) was one of several Persian bishops who opposed the claim to precedence put forward by the bishop Papa of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 315. The bishops Abaï and Abraham of Rima were among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Isaac in 410, and Abraham was confirmed as a suffragan bishop of the metropolitan of Maishan in Canon XXI of the synod. The deacon and secretary Narsaï was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486, on behalf of the bishop Bagesh of Rima. The bishop Maraï of"
"Catholic bishop of the same name attested in 1709. According to Tfinkdji 'the Nestorians of Persia' wrote to the Amid patriarch Joseph II in 1709 to assure him of their adherence to the Catholic faith and their dependence on the leadership of Mar Ishoyahb, a Catholic bishop of Salmas. This Mar Ishoyahb appears to have been given the reign-dates 1709–52 by Tfinkdji and Fiey because a metropolitan of the same name fled 'on account of the destruction of his diocese by Oz Beg' to the village of Seduh near Seert in 1751, 'where he long remained'. Ishoyahb's flight to the"
"an older tradition than it actually had. According to another Christian tradition, he was sent to the region by Boniface I. Another local tradition states that Latuinus built an oratory on the site of the current Chapelle Saint-Latuin, in the diocese of Sées, towards the end of the 4th century. According to one source, the devotion to Latuinus remains strong in the diocese of Sées, as evidenced by an annual pilgrimage to the Chapelle. Latuinus Saint Latuinus (""Latrium, Lain, Latuin"") is venerated as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. He is considered to have been the first bishop of"
"1553, he was consecrated as bishop in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome by Cardinal John Álvarez y Alva de Toledo, OP (1488–1557) (or by the pope himself according other sources). Sulaqa's appointment as patriarch was ratified by the papal bull entitled """"Divina disponente clementia."""" In the course of the papal consistory held on April 28, 1553 Sulaqa received the pallium, i.e. the sign of his patriarchal authority, from the hands of the pope. After his consecration, He took the traditional Aramaic Christian name Shimun VIII in lieu of a Western/Latin name, likely to consolidate legitimacy. Yohannan Sulaqa traveled by land"
"remains are some ruins, including those of the cathedral, which was dedicated to Saint Stephen, and a better preserved 12th-century tower. Satrianum The Diocese of Satrianum (Latin) or Satriano (Italian) is now a Roman Catholic titular see, that is, an episcopal see that is no longer a geographical diocese. It takes its name from a now destroyed town situated in Lucania and was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Salerno. The adjectival form of the Latin name of the diocese is ""Satrianensis"". The current titular archbishop is Patrick Coveney. The diocese was set up by Pope Urban II on"
"Mazloum his episcopal consecration and became the Archbishop of the newly formed Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Homs, Hama and Yabroud"". With the consecration Michael Ata took the name ""Gregory"". In addition to his pastoral duties Archbishop Ata collected ancient manuscripts and explored the Christian history in the Middle East, particularly of the Melkite Catholics. In 1860 anti-Christian riots raged and killed some 30,000 believers and many churches and monasteries were looted and burned, and his diocese was one of the most strongly affected. Among those killed were three bishops and 30 priests and the beatified Franciscan . Due to"
"of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : Catrum Catrum was an ancient city and diocese in Africa Proconsulare. It is now a Roman Catholic titular see. Catrum was among the numerous cities in the Roman province of Mauritania Caesariensis which were important enough to become suffragan dioceses, but faded (plausibly at the 7th century advent of Islam) - in its case so completely that even its location in present Algeria is unclear. No bishop was historically documented. The diocese was nominally restored in 1989 as Latin Titular bishopric of Catrum (Latin) / Catro (Curiate Italian) / Catren(sis) (Latin adjective). It"
"Emmeram of Regensburg Saint Emmeram of Regensburg (also ""Emeramus"", ""Emmeran"", ""Emeran"", ""Heimrammi"", ""Haimeran"", or ""Heimeran"") was a Christian bishop and a martyr born in Poitiers, Aquitaine. He died circa 652 and is buried in St. Emeram's in Regensburg, Germany. His feast day in the Catholic Calendar of saints is September 22. What is known of Emmeram is from secondary sources. Arbeo of Freising wrote a biography of Emmeram in 750, the ""Vita Sancti Emmerami"", about 100 years after the saint's death. The literature tells the story of Emmeram, born to a noble family in Aquitaine. According to some people, he"
"consecration, included not only the western bishops Eliya of Amid, Hnanisho of Mardin, Joseph of Seert, Yohannan of Atel and Joseph of Gazarta, (earlier loyal to Eliya VII), but also the metropolitans Joseph of Salmas, Sargis of Jilu, Hnanisho of Shemsdin, Abdisho of 'Koma', three men (two named Denha and one named Addaï) listed merely as metropolitans, and the bishop Yohannan of 'Chelhacke'. 'Koma' was probably the monastery of Mar Abdisho near the village of Komane in the Amadiya district, while 'Chelhacke' may be a deformation of Slokh (ܣܠܘܟ), the Syriac name for Kirkuk. The allegiance of several districts shifted"