"Louis XV, was executed in 1757 by drawing and quartering, the traditional punishment for regicide. His punishment lasted an hour before he died. the last man in France to suffer that penalty. Among the last persons to be hung in Paris was the Marquis de Favras, who was hung on the Place de Greve for attempting help Louis XVI in his unsuccessful flight from Paris. In October 1789 Doctor Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, in the interest of finding a more humane method, successfully had the means of execution changed to decapitation by a machine he perfected, the guillotine, built with the help"
"Place des Vosges The Place des Vosges (), originally Place Royale, is the oldest planned square in Paris, France. It is located in the ""Marais"" district, and it straddles the dividing-line between the 3rd and 4th arrondissements of Paris. It was a fashionable and expensive square to live in during the 17th and 18th centuries, and one of the central reasons of the fashionable nature of Le Marais for the Parisian nobility. Originally known as the ""Place Royale"", the Place des Vosges was built by Henri IV from 1605 to 1612. A true square (140 m × 140 m), it"
"Place de la Bourse Place de la Bourse is a square in Bordeaux, France and one of the city's most recognisable sights. Built from 1730 to 1775, its architect was Ange-Jacques Gabriel. In the original plan, there was a statue of King Louis XV of France. However, the statue was destroyed during the French Revolution. After the destruction of the statue, a Corinthian column-fountain was built on the square. Finally, in 1869 ""Three Graces"" was installed in the same location. Design of the surrounding buildings was finished by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1739, however the project was issued two weeks after"
"had its provenance on the ""Place"". At the center of the square is a fountain, the ""Three Graces"", built by sculptor Étienne d'Antoine in 1790. The original piece was placed in the Musée Fabre in 1989, but moved again during the refurbishment of the museum to the Opéra Comédie, which is at the square. At its northeastern corner, the square continues into the ""Esplanade de Charles de Gaulle"", a small park connecting the ""Place"" to the Corum, a large concrete and granite complex built by Claude Vasconi. At its southeastern corner it is linked to the Lycée Joffre, formerly the"
"by up to 1,000 workers. In 1792 the area was turned into the Place de la Bastille with only traces of the fortress that had once dominated the area remaining. In 1793, a fountain was built in the square. Known as the ""Fountain of Regeneration"", it had an Egyptian-inspired design and depicted a woman with water flowing from her breasts. Napoleon planned many urban regeneration projects for Paris and was particularly fond of monuments to his victories. He wanted to create a significant triumphal structure to demonstrate his military prowess and began the process of designing a 24 m (78"
"architect of Louis XIV. During the French Revolution, an altar dedicated to Liberty was erected on the square on 14 July 1790. The square changed its name and became the Place de la Fédération. A guillotine was installed here in 1792. The royal statue was destroyed in 1793, and the square was then named Place de l'Égalité. On 21 June 1800, Napoleon I, after his victory at Marengo, laid the foundation stone for new buildings. The square was renamed Place Bonaparte, later Place Napoléon. During the Bourbon Restoration, in 1825, a new statue of Louis XIV was erected. It was"
"Place des Quinconces The Place des Quinconces, located in Bordeaux, France, is one of the largest city squares in Europe (approximately 31 ac or 12.6 ha). It was laid out in 1820 on the site of Château Trompette and was intended to prevent rebellion against the city. Its guns were turned towards the centre. Its current shape (lengthened rectangle rounded off with a semicircle) was adopted in 1816. Trees were planted (in quincunxes, hence the name of the square) in 1818. With the installation of a tram system in 2003, the place has become the most important public transport hub"
"and 1607. It was the first Paris bridge built without houses. Instead, it was uncovered and equipped with sidewalks. Near the bridge, he built ""La Samaritaine"" (1602–1608), a large pumping station which provided drinking water as well as water for the gardens of the Louvre and the Tuileries. To the south of the vacant site of the former royal residence of Henry II, the Hôtel des Tournelles, he built an elegant new residential square surrounded by brick houses and an arcade. It was built between 1605 and 1612 and named the ""Place Royale""; in 1800, it was renamed the Place"
"Place de la Comédie The Place de la Comédie is square in Montpellier, Hérault département in southern France. It is at the southeast point of the city centre, at , where the fortifications of the city were formerly located. The square is first mentioned in 1755 and is named after a theatre that burned down in 1785 and 1855. The ""Place"" became the focal point of the city when, in the mid-19th century the railway station ""Gare de Montpellier Saint-Roch"" was built some south of it. At that time, a smaller train going to the nearby beach at Palavas-les-Flots also"
"1791. The ""Place du Ralliement"", the main square, was then built in place of three churches destroyed during the French Revolution and, later, ring boulevards planted with trees replaced the city walls. The architectural style used is mainly Haussmanian, but there are also some Palladian, Art Nouveau or Art Deco buildings. After 1945 and the Second World War, several large council estates made of tower blocks were built around the city center, the first of them being Belle-Beille in 1953. Industrial activity changed drastically: port activity declined while new factories, such as Technicolor SA in 1957, were built. During the"
"of the city. Place de la Bourse Place de la Bourse is a square in Bordeaux, France and one of the city's most recognisable sights. Built from 1730 to 1775, its architect was Ange-Jacques Gabriel. In the original plan, there was a statue of King Louis XV of France. However, the statue was destroyed during the French Revolution. After the destruction of the statue, a Corinthian column-fountain was built on the square. Finally, in 1869 ""Three Graces"" was installed in the same location. Design of the surrounding buildings was finished by Ange-Jacques Gabriel in 1739, however the project was issued"
"Place Jacques-Cartier Place Jacques-Cartier (English: Jacques Cartier square) is a square located in Old Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is an entrance to the Old Port of Montreal. In 1723, the Château Vaudreuil was built for Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil - its formal gardens occupying the space that is now the square. The Chateau burned down in 1803 and it was suggested by The Hon. Jean-Baptiste Durocher and The Hon. Joseph Périnault that the space be transformed into a public square, known as New Market Place. In 1809, Montreal's oldest public monument was raised there, Nelson's Column. In 1847,"
"floors of the 1950s landmark building, located in the centre of Cologne, were remodeled by French architect Yannis Tsiomis. The gallery still maintains its Wallrafplatz exhibition space to this day. In 1989, Galerie Karsten Greve opened its Rue Debelleyme exhibition space in the Marais district of Paris, near the Musée Picasso. Since then the area has become a popular location for galleries and has undergone extensive redevelopments. The gallery space, situated in a 17th-century palais, built around a cour d’honneur, consists of a large main gallery and another smaller, three-storey exhibition space. Architect Yannis Tsiomis was responsible for remodeling the"
"years. Eventually demolished in 1778, it was replaced with the housing estate of the Célestins and a theater. In the second half of the 19th century, the plan of major architectural creations through Presqu'île provided for a track linking the rue Mercière and the Place Bellecour to the Place des Célestins. This project was finally cancelled. The square was redeveloped in 1994-1995 when an underground parking lot was dug. On the square, a kind of refracting telescope provides a kaleidoscope view of the car park. The square has had almost the same appearance since the eighteenth century. Its most notable"
"of Nestlé SA, Aile Castle, the Cour au Chantre, the City Hall, the Hôtel des Trois-Couronnes, the La Grenette and Place du Marché and the Saint-Jean Tower and Fountain. The Grande Place is dominated by a granary known as ""La Grenette"", built in 1803 in the Neo-Classical ""rustic"" style. Behind ""La Grenette"" is the restaurant ""La Clef"", in which Jean-Jacques Rousseau used to eat. The table at which he sat is still to be seen in the restaurant. St Martin's Church, a few minutes' walk away from the Grande Place, contains the bodies of a number of those who condemned"
"Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville - Esplanade de la Libération The public square in the 4th arrondissement of Paris that is now the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville (City Hall Plaza) was, before 1802, called the Place de Grève. The French word ""grève"" refers to a flat area covered with gravel or sand situated on the shores or banks of a body of water. The location presently occupied by the square was the point on the sandy right bank of the river Seine where the first riverine harbor of Paris was established. Later it was used as a public meeting-place and also"
"The design created a large urban square or ""place"" that linked two handsome existing buildings: the Hôtel de Ville (city hall, now centred on its grand square) and the ""Hôtel du Gouvernement"", the seat of the duchy. The seat of city government and the seat of Ducal government thus faced each other as complements through a series of rational, symmetrical but varied urban spaces, unequalled in Europe at the time. The square and the surrounding buildings, unified by their colossal orders, were designed by the royal architect Emmanuel Héré de Corny (1705–1763). Construction began in March 1752, and ended in"
"of the square, then known as the Neumarkt, or New Market. In 1671, the Spanish engineer Jean Charles de Landas, Count of Louvigny, produced a slightly smaller square at the same location. It became known as the Place d'Armes as it was used as a parade ground for the garrison. Under Louis XIV, it was paved with flagstones and bordered with lime trees. Now an integral part of the pedestrian zone, the square is surrounded by numerous cafés and restaurants, all with pavement terraces in the summer months. It has become the city's main centre of activity, attracting locals and"
"bronze restored. Place des Quinconces The Place des Quinconces, located in Bordeaux, France, is one of the largest city squares in Europe (approximately 31 ac or 12.6 ha). It was laid out in 1820 on the site of Château Trompette and was intended to prevent rebellion against the city. Its guns were turned towards the centre. Its current shape (lengthened rectangle rounded off with a semicircle) was adopted in 1816. Trees were planted (in quincunxes, hence the name of the square) in 1818. With the installation of a tram system in 2003, the place has become the most important public"
"markets and other streets and in this Square porch houses should be built , trees, and a fountain in the middle, everything in conformity with Colonel Lieutenant's plant"""". Work started in the year 1793 and, shortly after, became the new economic center of Póvoa de Varzim where the markets and fairs had been transferred. As such, in 1800 it was determined: """"No-one can buy or sell firewood nor any other sorts of goods except on the Praça Nova of this town where all goods must be put on sale in order to be bought by who wants it."""" The square"
"which the wall represented for Parisians. The wall was bordered by a boulevards outside and a ""chemin de ronde"" (a raised protected walkway) inside, except between the barrière d'Italie (now the Place d'Italie) and the barrière d’Enfer (now the Place Denfert-Rochereau) where ""Gobelins"", ""Saint-Jacques"" and ""d'Enfer"" replaced the ""chemin de ronde"" inside the wall. In 1787, Loménie de Brienne, Minister for Finance, worried about the very high cost of the construction and considered stopping the work but never actually did so because it was so far advanced. The toll on goods was abolished on 1 May 1791 in the early"
"but subsequently re-erected and remains a prominent feature on the square today. Place Vendôme was laid out in 1702 as a monument to the glory of the armies of Louis XIV, the Grand Monarque and called ""place des Conquêtes"", to be renamed ""place Louis le Grand"", when the conquests proved temporary; an over life-size equestrian statue of the king was set up in its centre, donated by the city authorities; this was by François Girardon (1699) and is supposed to have been the first large modern equestrian statue to be cast in a single piece. It was destroyed in the"
"Éloi Labarre in 1826. New storehouses for grain near the Arsenal, new slaughterhouses, and new markets were finished. Three new suspension bridges were built over the Seine; the Pont d'Archeveché, the Pont des Invalides and footbridge of the Grève. All three were rebuilt later in the century. The damage caused by the occupation armies in the Bois de Boulogne, on the Champ-de-Mars was repaired; the trees and gardens were replanted. The Temple of Glory (1807), first designed as a church and then transformed by Napoleon into a temple to celebrate military heroes, was turned back into a church, the Royal"
"Citadel of Montpellier. Place de la Comédie The Place de la Comédie is square in Montpellier, Hérault département in southern France. It is at the southeast point of the city centre, at , where the fortifications of the city were formerly located. The square is first mentioned in 1755 and is named after a theatre that burned down in 1785 and 1855. The ""Place"" became the focal point of the city when, in the mid-19th century the railway station ""Gare de Montpellier Saint-Roch"" was built some south of it. At that time, a smaller train going to the nearby beach"
"and the walls of the gardens of the old village of Picpus, which contained large convents, schools and retreats. A throne was erected in this space on 26 July 1660 for the solemn arrival of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain following their wedding in Saint-Jean-de-Luz. This gave the square its original name of ""Square of the Throne"", Place du Trône. Originally, the square accommodated two pavilions and two columns of the barrière du Trône designed by Claude Nicolas Ledoux and built for the barrier of octroi (for tax collection) which surrounded the entrance to the cours de Vincennes."
"on its pedestal by Pietro Francavilla in 1618. It was destroyed in 1792 during the French Revolution, but was remade from surviving casts in 1818. The sculpture originally rose from the river on its own foundations, abutting the bridge; since then, the natural sandbar building of a mid-river island, aided by stone-faced embankments called ""quais"", has extended the island, which is planted as the teardrop-shaped Parc Vert Galant in honour of Henry IV, the ""Green Gallant"" King. The Place Dauphine, laid out in 1609 while the Place des Vosges was still under construction and named for the Dauphin of France,"
"tribunal de la chicane"" (17 September 1759), ""Le soldat magicien"" (14 August 1760), and ""Le maréchal ferrant"" (22 August 1761). Pierre-Alexandre Monsigny's ""On ne s'avise jamais de tout"" was premiered there on 14 September 1761. Founded in 1764 at the Place Louis XIV (now known as Place Vendôme), the Saint-Ovide fair moved to the Place Louis XV (now called the Place de la Concorde) in 1772. A small fair, it nonetheless competed with the Saint-Laurent fair, taking place at roughly the same time of year (approximately August 15 to September 15). It disappeared in 1777, destroyed by a fire. From"
"square Ferdinand Brunot; square Frédéric Lemaître; square Adolphe Chérioux; square du Vert-Galant; square des Epinettes, and the square des Arènes de Lutèce. His most impressive accomplishment was the Serres d'Auteuil (1898), an ensemble of greenhouses which provided flowers, trees and shrubs for all of the parks of Paris. The Trocadero had originally been the site of a country house of Catherine de' Medici, then of a monastery, destroyed during the French Revolution. Napoleon had projected to build a palace for his son there; King Louis XVIII planned to build a monument there to the Battle of Trocadero in 1823. Under"
"August 1792, and finally the Place de la Concorde in 1795 at the time of the ""Directoire"". Between 1640 and 1789, Paris grew in population from 400,000 to 600,000. It was no longer the largest city in Europe; London passed it in population in about 1700, but it was still growing at a rapid rate, due largely to migration from the Paris basin and from the north and east of France. The center of the city became more and more crowded; building lots became smaller and buildings taller, up to four, five and even six stories. In 1784, the height"
"of renovation was begun. Hôtel de la Marine The hôtel de la Marine (also known as the hôtel du Garde-Meuble) is a historic building on place de la Concorde in Paris, to the east of rue Royale. It was built between 1757 and 1774 on what was then known as ""place Louis XV"", with a façade by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, ""premier architecte du Roi"" and designer of the square. The identical building to its west now houses the hôtel de Crillon. The construction was led by Jacques-Germain Soufflot. Its two pediments contain allegories of Magnificence and Felicity by Guillaume II Coustou"
"skilled administrator, he improved the city's food supply. Along with the Provost of the Merchants de Viarmes, he commissioned the building of a new grain market, the ""Halle au blé"", built between 1765 and 1768, a modern and airy building much admired at the time which is still standing by Les Halles today and currently known as the ""Bourse du Commerce"". Street cleaning and lighting were also improved. He set up a brigade of street sweepers and had the first public toilets installed in the streets of Paris. In 1766, after launching an invention contest, he improved street lighting by"
"the Palais-Royal in 1786, and became immediately popular. It was followed by the Passage Feydau (1790–91), Passage du Caire (1799), Passage des Panoramas (1800), Galerie Saint-Honoré (1807), Passage Delorme (between 188 rue de Rivoli and 177 rue Saint-Honoré, in 1808, and the galerie and passage Montesquieu (now rue Montesquieu) in 1811 and 1812. The Passage des Panoramas took its name from an exhibition organized on the site by the American inventor Robert Fulton. He came to Paris in 1796 to try to interest Napoleon and the French Directory in his inventions, the steamship, submarine and torpedo; while waiting for an"
"Menus-Plaisirs at the junction of the rue Bergère and the rue du Faubourg Poissonnière. In June, a class in dramatic declamation was added, and the name was modified to École royale de chant et de déclamation. In 1792, Bernard Sarrette created the École gratuite de la garde nationale, which in the following year became the Institut national de musique. The latter was also installed in the facilities of the former Menus-Plaisirs on the rue Bergère and was responsible for the training of musicians for the National Guard bands, which were in great demand for the enormous, popular outdoor gatherings put"