"Belgrano""s captain, Héctor Bonzo, died on 22 April 2009, aged 76. He had spent his last years working for an association called ""Amigos del Crucero General Belgrano"" (Friends of the Cruiser General Belgrano) whose purpose was to help those affected by the sinking. Captain Bonzo also wrote his memories about the sinking in the book ""1093 Tripulantes del Crucero ARA General Belgrano"", published in 1992. In this book he wrote that it is ""improper to accept that (...) the attack by HMS Conqueror was a betrayal"". During an interview in 2003 he had stated that ""General Belgrano"" was only temporarily"
"ARA General Belgrano ARA General Belgrano was an Argentine Navy light cruiser in service from 1951 until 1982. Originally commissioned by the U.S. as , she saw action in the Pacific theatre of World War II before being sold by the United States Navy to Argentina. The vessel was the second to have been named after the Argentine founding father Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820). The first vessel was a 7,069-ton armoured cruiser completed in 1896. She was sunk on 2 May 1982 during the Falklands War by the Royal Navy submarine with the loss of 323 lives. Losses from ""General Belgrano"""
"Sea Cat anti-aircraft missiles. Belgrano was sunk during the Falklands War on 2 May 1982 by the British attack submarine , with the loss of 323 lives. USS Phoenix (CL-46) USS ""Phoenix"" (CL-46), was a light cruiser of the family. She was the third ""Phoenix"" of the United States Navy. After World War II the ship was transferred to Argentina in 1951 and was ultimately renamed in 1956. ""General Belgrano"" was sunk during the Falklands War in 1982 by the British nuclear-powered submarine , the only ship to have been sunk in combat by a nuclear-powered submarine during wartime. She"
"various courts in 1995. ARA General Belgrano ARA General Belgrano was an Argentine Navy light cruiser in service from 1951 until 1982. Originally commissioned by the U.S. as , she saw action in the Pacific theatre of World War II before being sold by the United States Navy to Argentina. The vessel was the second to have been named after the Argentine founding father Manuel Belgrano (1770–1820). The first vessel was a 7,069-ton armoured cruiser completed in 1896. She was sunk on 2 May 1982 during the Falklands War by the Royal Navy submarine with the loss of 323 lives."
"submarines) and the Argentine fleet were operating in the neighbourhood of the Falklands and soon came into conflict. The first naval loss was the Second World War-vintage Argentine light cruiser . The nuclear-powered submarine sank ""General Belgrano"" on 2 May. Three hundred and twenty-three members of ""General Belgrano""s crew died in the incident. More than 700 men were rescued from the open ocean despite cold seas and stormy weather. The losses from ""General Belgrano"" totalled nearly half of the Argentine deaths in the Falklands conflict and the loss of the ship hardened the stance of the Argentine government. Regardless of"
"Chris Wreford-Brown Christopher Louis Wreford-Brown DSO RN (born August 1945) is a retired British Royal Navy officer. He was captain of HM Submarine ""Conqueror"" during the Falklands War, during which ""Conqueror"" attacked and destroyed the Argentine Navy's cruiser the ARA ""General Belgrano"". For the Falklands patrol he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. He is currently the only naval officer to have commanded a nuclear submarine which has sunk a warship in war operations. When asked about the incident later, Wreford-Brown responded, ""The Royal Navy spent thirteen years preparing me for such an occasion. It would have been regarded as"
"USS Phoenix (CL-46) USS ""Phoenix"" (CL-46), was a light cruiser of the family. She was the third ""Phoenix"" of the United States Navy. After World War II the ship was transferred to Argentina in 1951 and was ultimately renamed in 1956. ""General Belgrano"" was sunk during the Falklands War in 1982 by the British nuclear-powered submarine , the only ship to have been sunk in combat by a nuclear-powered submarine during wartime. She was laid down on 15 April 1935 by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey; launched on 13 March 1938; sponsored by Mrs. Dorothea Kays Moonan;"
"famous of the class, sinking the Argentinian cruiser during the 1982 Falklands War. She did not fire again during the war, but provided valuable help to the British task force by using her monitoring equipment to track Argentine aircraft departing the mainland. After the war ""Conqueror"" returned to Faslane; the sinking of ""General Belgrano"" had provoked controversy in Britain and ""Conqueror"" was criticised for flying the Jolly Roger on returning to port, as Royal Navy submarines customarily did on returning after scoring a kill. She the only nuclear-powered submarine of any nationality to have engaged an enemy ship with torpedoes."
"the aircraft carrier ""Veinticinco de Mayo"" (""25th of May""). On 30 April, she spotted the Argentine light cruiser ""General Belgrano"" sailing southwest of the Falklands, just outside the exclusion zone imposed by the British on all shipping. With ""Veinticinco de Mayo"" approaching the islands from the north, the commander of the British Taskforce, Admiral 'Sandy' Woodward, feared a pincer attack, with ""General Belgrano"" attacking from the south and ""Veinticinco de Mayo"" from the north and requested permission from the British government to sink ""General Belgrano"". After some debate, permission to engage ""General Belgrano"" was sent to the submarine from the"
"1995 with the rank of Captain, and was employed as a Director of Paignton Zoo until his retirement in 2010. Chris Wreford-Brown Christopher Louis Wreford-Brown DSO RN (born August 1945) is a retired British Royal Navy officer. He was captain of HM Submarine ""Conqueror"" during the Falklands War, during which ""Conqueror"" attacked and destroyed the Argentine Navy's cruiser the ARA ""General Belgrano"". For the Falklands patrol he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. He is currently the only naval officer to have commanded a nuclear submarine which has sunk a warship in war operations. When asked about the incident later,"
"South Atlantic islands, but launched a naval task force to engage the Argentine Navy and Air Force, and to retake the islands by amphibious assault. The Navy disabled one Argentine submarine, the ""Santa Fe"", in South Georgia and sank the light cruiser ""General Belgrano"" but lost a number of ships due to air attack. Another Argentine submarine tried to attack the task force but was held off by the British anti-submarine warfare. The assault force was landed at San Carlos Water in the Falklands. The British eventually prevailed and the islands returned to British control. The Royal Navy took part"
"Bouchard"" (also ex-USN vessels) were detached from Task Group 79.2 and together with the tanker YPF ""Puerto Rosales"", joined ""General Belgrano"" to form Task Group 79.3. By 29 April, the ships were patrolling the Burdwood Bank, south of the islands. On 30 April, ""General Belgrano"" was detected by the British nuclear-powered hunter-killer submarine . The submarine approached over the following day. On 1 May 1982, Admiral Juan Lombardo ordered all Argentine naval units to seek out the British task force around the Falklands and launch a ""massive attack"" the following day. ""General Belgrano"", which was outside and to the south-west"
"also his alleged cruelty to his own staff and colleagues, to which MacKenzie has since responded: MacKenzie was responsible for the ""Gotcha"" front-page headline of 4 May 1982, which reported the contentious sinking of the Argentinian cruiser ""General Belgrano"" by a British submarine during the Falklands War. MacKenzie was heavily condemned by some commentators who felt he was glorifying death and the headline caused a storm of controversy and protest, although MacKenzie had actually changed the front-page of later editions to ""Did 1,200 Argies drown?"" after it was established that there had been a large number of Argentine casualties. MacKenzie"
"Augusto Bedacarratz Frigate Captain Augusto Bedacarratz is an Argentina naval aviator who led the mission on 4 May 1982 that sank during the Falklands War using the Exocet AM.39 anti-ship missile. It was the first sinking of a Royal Navy ship in four decades. He was born in La Pampa Province. He joined the Argentine Naval Academy, graduating first in his class in 1965. On 4 May 1982, an Argentine scout plane located ""Sheffield"". Bedacarratz and Lieutenant Armando Mayora were the two pilots on duty in the Search and Attack Naval Squadron, and were ordered to take off. Neither pilot"
"caught — like we did in our times""."" Ahmad Tasnim Vice-Admiral Ahmad Tasnim (Urdu:احمد تسنيم; b. 1935), , is a retired three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy who is notable for his command of the ""Hangor"", a submarine, that sank the INS Khukri on 8 December 1971 during the third war with India, off the Diu, Gujarat in India. This was the first submarine kill since World War II, and the only one until a Royal Navy's ""Conqueror"" sank an Argentine cruiser ""General Belgrano"" during the Falklands War fought in 1980s. In 1990s, he was appointed chairman of the"
"the main naval units that joined the 1955 coup in which Perón was overthrown, and was renamed ""General Belgrano"" after General Manuel Belgrano, who founded the ""Escuela de Náutica"" (School of Navigation) in 1799 and had fought for Argentine independence from 1811 to 1819. ""General Belgrano"" accidentally rammed her sister ship ""Nueve de Julio"" on exercises in 1956, which resulted in damage to both. ""General Belgrano"" was outfitted with the Sea Cat anti-aircraft missile system between 1967 and 1968. After the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands, on 2 April 1982 Britain declared a maritime exclusion zone of 200 nautical"
"Officer Submarines (FOSM), the Royal Navy's professional head of the Submarine Service, to use the WE.177A warhead in another torpedo, the shallow-running unguided Mk.8 torpedo of World War II vintage. A Mk.8 torpedo was chosen to sink the Argentinian warship General Belgrano, because it was of proven reliability, unlike the unreliable Tigerfish. This proposal did not gain approved project status, although its raison d'être was similar to that for Tigerfish, and intended to counter extended delays in Tigerfish development. FOSM's proposal stated that a 10 kt nuclear detonation at the Mk.8 torpedo's running depth of approximately would destroy a deep-diving"
"Clive Ponting Clive Sheridan Ponting (born 13 April 1946) is a former senior civil servant, best known for leaking documents about the sinking of the ARA ""General Belgrano"" in the Falklands War. He is the author of a number of revisionist books on British and world history. While a senior civil servant at the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Ponting sent two documents, subsequently nicknamed ""the crown jewels"", to Labour MP Tam Dalyell in July 1984 concerning the sinking of an Argentine navy warship ""General Belgrano"", a key incident in the Falklands War of 1982. After Ponting admitted revealing the information,"
"""Trafalgar"" and ""Astute"" class nuclear submarines that it can deploy to the area, though such deployments are classified. The threat from submarines to hostile ships was demonstrated during the Falklands War when HMS ""Conqueror"" sank the Argentine cruiser ARA ""General Belgrano"". The Royal Navy's submarines also carry BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles, which have a range of and can strike at targets within an enemy country. ""The Sun"" newspaper has speculated that a ""Swiftsure"" class attack submarine, HMS ""Sceptre"", was sent to the islands in March 2010. In February 2012, a ""Trafalgar"" -class nuclear submarine may have been deployed to the"
"of their duties. Home Office minutes suggest they did not think this kind of informal punishment of jurors who had returned the ""wrong"" verdict was unheard of. In 1982, during the Falklands War, the British Royal Navy sank an Argentine cruiser, the ARA ""General Belgrano"". Three years later a civil servant (government employee) named Clive Ponting leaked two government documents concerning the sinking of the cruiser to a Member of Parliament (Tam Dalyell) and was subsequently charged with breaching section 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911. The prosecution in the case demanded that the jury convict Ponting as he"
"sinking the Argentine cruiser ARA ""General Belgrano"". In the latter stages of the Cold War, the Royal Navy was reconfigured with three anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft carriers and a force of frigates and destroyers. Its purpose was to search for and destroy Soviet submarines in the North Atlantic. There were also mine countermeasures and submarine forces as well as support ships. As the Cold War ended, the Royal Navy fought in the Gulf War against Iraq, with Sea Skua anti-ship missiles sinking a large proportion of the Iraqi Navy. The WRNS was amalgamated with the RN in 1993. The Strategic"
"the invasion of the Picton, Nueva and Lennox islands. During the Falklands War (), ""Veinticinco de Mayo"" was used in support of the initial Argentine landings on the Falklands. On the day of the invasion, she waited with 1500 army soldiers outside Stanley harbour as first submarine and boat-landed commandos secured landing areas, and then Argentine marines made the main amphibious landing. Her aircraft were not used during the invasion. Later, in defence of the occupation, she was deployed in a task force north of the Falkland Islands (), with ARA ""General Belgrano"" to the south. The British had assigned"
"Ahmad Tasnim Vice-Admiral Ahmad Tasnim (Urdu:احمد تسنيم; b. 1935), , is a retired three-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy who is notable for his command of the ""Hangor"", a submarine, that sank the INS Khukri on 8 December 1971 during the third war with India, off the Diu, Gujarat in India. This was the first submarine kill since World War II, and the only one until a Royal Navy's ""Conqueror"" sank an Argentine cruiser ""General Belgrano"" during the Falklands War fought in 1980s. In 1990s, he was appointed chairman of the Karachi Port Trust and the Pakistan National Shipping"
"of ""General Belgrano"", the Argentinian fleet returned to its bases and played no major role in the rest of the conflict. British nuclear submarines continued to operate in the sea areas between Argentina and the Falkland Islands, gathering intelligence, providing early warning of air raids and effectively imposing sea denial. A further effect was that the Argentinian Navy's carrier-borne aircraft had to operate from land bases at the limit of their range, rather than from an aircraft carrier at sea. The minimal role of the Navy in the rest of the campaign led to a considerable loss of credibility and"
"Georgia. ""General Belgrano"" was sunk outside the total exclusion zone around the Falklands, delimited by the UK. Through a message passed via the Swiss Embassy in Buenos Aires to the Argentine government on 23 April, the UK made clear that it no longer considered the 200-mile (370 km) exclusion zone as the limit of its military action. The message read: Interviews conducted by Martin Middlebrook for his book, ""Argentine Fight For The Falklands"", indicated that Argentine naval officers understood the intent of the message was to indicate that any ships operating near the exclusion zone could be attacked. Argentine Rear"
"Diana Gould – Margaret Thatcher exchange An exchange on 24 May 1983 between Diana Gould, an English schoolteacher and former Women's Royal Naval Service meteorological officer, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was voted in 1999 as one of Britain's most memorable television spots. Gould confronted Thatcher on the BBC current-affairs programme ""Nationwide"" over the sinking of the ""General Belgrano"" during the 1982 Falklands War between the United Kingdom and Argentina. Gould was appearing as a member of the public on ""Nationwide""s ""On the Spot"" live election special. The ""ARA General Belgrano"", an Argentine war ship, sank with the loss of"
"in the Navy. The other survey vessels of the Royal Navy are the two multi-role ships of the ""Echo""-class, which came into service in 2002 and 2003. The Submarine Service is the submarine based element of the Royal Navy. It is sometimes referred to as the """"Silent Service"""", as the submarines are generally required to operate undetected. The service was founded in 1901. The service made history in 1982 when, during the Falklands War, became the first nuclear-powered submarine to sink a surface ship, the . Today, the Submarine Service consists of ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) and fleet submarines (SSN)."
"Sam Salt Rear Admiral James Frederick Thomas George ""Sam"" Salt, (19 April 1940 – 3 December 2009) was a senior Royal Navy officer of the late twentieth century. He was the Captain of during the Falklands War, the first British warship to be sunk by enemy action since the end of the Second World War. James Salt was born on 19 April 1940 in Yeovil in the county of Somerset. His mother was named Lillian, and he was the son of a Royal Naval officer, Lieutenant Commander George S. Salt, who was lost in action six months after his son's"
"Falklands War, the Argentine cruiser was sunk by the British submarine , the first sinking by a nuclear-powered submarine in war. Before and during World War II, the primary role of the submarine was anti-surface ship warfare. Submarines would attack either on the surface, using deck guns or submerged, using torpedoes. They were particularly effective in sinking Allied transatlantic shipping in both World Wars, and in disrupting Japanese supply routes and naval operations in the Pacific in World War II. Mine-laying submarines were developed in the early part of the 20th century. The facility was used in both World Wars."
"extent of Britain's eavesdropping. Diana Gould – Margaret Thatcher exchange An exchange on 24 May 1983 between Diana Gould, an English schoolteacher and former Women's Royal Naval Service meteorological officer, and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was voted in 1999 as one of Britain's most memorable television spots. Gould confronted Thatcher on the BBC current-affairs programme ""Nationwide"" over the sinking of the ""General Belgrano"" during the 1982 Falklands War between the United Kingdom and Argentina. Gould was appearing as a member of the public on ""Nationwide""s ""On the Spot"" live election special. The ""ARA General Belgrano"", an Argentine war ship, sank"
"sailing to the west at the time of the attack, and his orders were to attack any British ships which came within range of the cruiser's armament. In late 2011, Major David Thorp, a former British military intelligence officer who led the signals intercept team aboard , released the book ""The Silent Listener"" detailing the role of intelligence in the Falklands War. In the book he stated that despite the fact that ""General Belgrano"" was observed by ""Conqueror"" sailing away from the Falklands at the time of the attack, she had actually been ordered to proceed to a rendezvous point"
"Royal Navy's fleet command centre in Northwood in the United Kingdom. In the intervening period, ""General Belgrano"" had retired from its attack position and turned west, since ""Veinticinco de Mayo"" was not yet ready to engage the British fleet. This would cause some controversy, although ""General Belgrano""s captain and the Argentine government acknowledged that the attack was a legitimate act of war. On 2 May ""Conqueror"" became the first nuclear-powered submarine to fire in anger, launching three Mark 8 torpedoes at ""General Belgrano"", two of which struck the ship and exploded. Twenty minutes later, the ship was sinking rapidly and"
"she telephoned Tam Dalyell, a Labour MP who had been pressing for information about the sinking, and asked him to brief her. Thatcher and Sue Lawley, the anchor, were in the BBC's Lime Grove Studios in Shepherd's Bush, west London, where the prime minister took questions from 18:25 until 19:00. Gould, in the BBC's Bristol studio, was the fourth member of the public to be invited to speak. ""Mrs. Thatcher,"" she asked, ""why, when the Belgrano, the Argentinian battleship, was outside the exclusion zone and actually sailing away from the Falklands, why did you give the orders to sink it?"""