"fine writers who, like Thomas Hardy, were not modernists. Novelists include: Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936), who was also a successful poet; H. G. Wells (1866–1946); John Galsworthy (1867–1933), (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932), whose novels include ""The Forsyte Saga"" (1906–21); Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of ""The Old Wives' Tale"" (1908); G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936); E.M. Forster (1879–1970). The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). H. G. Wells"
"(1866–1946). Though Forster's work is ""frequently regarded as containing both modernist and Victorian elements"". E. M. Forster's ""A Passage to India"" (1924), reflected challenges to imperialism, while his earlier works such as ""A Room with a View"" (1908) and ""Howards End"" (1910), examined the restrictions and hypocrisy of Edwardian society in England. The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling ((1865–1936), a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems and to date the youngest ever recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). A significant English writer in the"
"children's literature, and one critic described his work as exhibiting ""a versatile and luminous narrative gift"". Kipling was one of the most popular writers in the British Empire, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: ""Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that I have ever known."" In 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize and its youngest recipient to date. He was also sounded"
"solve the problem of his English readers not understanding much about Indian society, when writing ""The Jungle Book"". Heinlein's novel ""Starship Troopers"" built on the citizen soldiers of ""The Army of a Dream"". In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature after having been nominated in that year by Charles Oman, professor at the University of Oxford. The prize citation said: ""In consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."" Nobel prizes had been established in 1901 and Kipling was the"
"1913. In the century's first decade, poetry still had a large audience; volumes of verse published in that time included Thomas Hardy's ""The Dynasts"", Christina Rossetti's posthumous ""Poetical Works"", Ernest Dowson's ""Poems"", George Meredith's ""Last Poems"", Robert Service's ""Ballads of a Cheechako"" and John Masefield's ""Ballads and Poems"". Future Nobel Prize winner William Butler Yeats was devoting much of his energy to the Abbey Theatre and writing for the stage, producing relatively little lyric poetry during this period. In 1907, the Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded to Rudyard Kipling. The origins of Imagism are to be found in two"
"first English-language recipient. At the award ceremony in Stockholm on 10 December 1907, the Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy, Carl David af Wirsén, praised both Kipling and three centuries of English literature: The Swedish Academy, in awarding the Nobel Prize in Literature this year to Rudyard Kipling, desires to pay a tribute of homage to the literature of England, so rich in manifold glories, and to the greatest genius in the realm of narrative that that country has produced in our times. ""Book-ending"" this achievement was the publication of two connected poetry and story collections: ""Puck of Pook's Hill"""
"Nobel Prize for Literature (1907). Kipling's works include ""The Jungle Books"" (1894–95), ""The Man Who Would Be King"" and ""Kim"" (1901), while his inspirational poem ""If—"" (1895) is a national favourite and a memorable evocation of Victorian stoicism. Kipling's reputation declined during his lifetime, but more recently postcolonial studies has ""rekindled an intense interest in his work, viewing it as both symptomatic and critical of imperialist attitudes"". Strongly influenced by his Christian faith, G. K. Chesterton was a prolific and hugely influential writer with a diverse output. His best-known character is the priest-detective Father Brown, who appeared only in short"
"Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or ""entertainments"" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1966 and 1967, for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Through 67 years of writings, which included over 25 novels, he explored the ambivalent moral and political issues"
"the 2013 documentary film, """". His short story ""The Destructors"" was featured in the 2001 film ""Donnie Darko"". Bibliography Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or ""entertainments"" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1966 and 1967, for the Nobel Prize for"
"of the gesture. He was a candidate for the Nobel Prize in 1904, to be shared with the Provençal writer Frédéric Mistral, in recognition of their contributions to literature in non-official languages. Political pressure from Spain's central government having made this prize impossible, it was eventually awarded to Mistral and to the Spanish language playwright José Echegaray. The choice of Selma Lagerlöf (Sweden 1858–1940) as Nobel Laureate in 1909 (for the 'lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterizes her writings') followed fierce debate because of her writing style and subject matter, which broke literary decorums of the time."
"began as early as 1928, though her most famous work, ""Wide Sargasso Sea"", was not published until 1966. South Africa's Alan Paton's famous ""Cry, the Beloved Country"" dates from 1948. Doris Lessing from Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, was a dominant presence in the English literary scene, frequently publishing from 1950 on throughout the 20th century. She won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2007. Salman Rushdie is another post Second World War writer from the former British colonies who permanently settled in Britain. Rushdie achieved fame with ""Midnight's Children"" 1981. His most controversial novel ""The Satanic Verses"" 1989, was inspired"
"Debits and Credits (book) Debits and Credits is a collection of fourteen stories, nineteen poems, and two scenes from a play by Rudyard Kipling, a British writer who wrote extensively about British colonialism in India and Burma. In 1907, he became the first Englishman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. The collection was first published in 1926 and includes bitter and bleak stories about subjects such as adultery, war, death, disease, and the passage of time as a harbinger of sorrow. Most of the stories in this collection are framed by poems. Four of the poems that accompany the"
"Joyce creates parallels with Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. William Faulkner's ""The Sound and the Fury"" (1929) is another significant modernist novel, that uses the stream of consciousness technique. Novelists who are not considered modernists include: Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) who was also a successful poet; H. G. Wells (1866–1946); John Galsworthy (1867–1933), (Nobel Prize in Literature, 1932) whose works include a sequence of novels, collectively called ""The Forsyte Saga"" (1906–21); Arnold Bennett (1867–1931) author of ""The Old Wives' Tale"" (1908); G. K. Chesterton (1874–1936); and E.M. Forster's (1879–1970), though Forster's work is ""frequently regarded as containing both modernist and Victorian"
"as minor, inconsequential or transitional have won the prize. From 1901 to 1912, the committee's work reflected an interpretation of the ""ideal direction"" stated in Nobel's will as ""a lofty and sound idealism"", which caused Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen, Émile Zola and Mark Twain to be rejected. Sweden's historic antipathy towards Russia was cited as the reason neither Tolstoy nor Anton Chekhov took the prize. During World War I and its immediate aftermath, the committee adopted a policy of neutrality, favoring writers from non-combatant countries. Another notable omission for the Prize is R. K. Narayan, an Indian writer known for"
"of the ""oceanic feeling"" that Rolland had developed through his study of Eastern mysticism. Freud opened his next book ""Civilization and its Discontents"" (1929) with a debate on the nature of this feeling, which he mentioned had been noted to him by an anonymous ""friend"". This friend was Rolland. Rolland would remain a major influence on Freud's work, continuing their correspondence right up to Freud's death in 1939. Romain Rolland Romain Rolland (; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915"
"Charles Darwin (1809–82) (""On Origin of Species"") (1859), Ernst Mach (1838–1916), Henri Bergson (1859–1941), Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), James G. Frazer (1854–1941), Karl Marx (1818–83) (""Das Kapital"", 1867), and the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), among others. The continental art movements of Impressionism, and later Cubism, were also important inspirations for modernist writers. Important literary precursors of modernism, were: Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–81) (""Crime and Punishment"" (1866), ""The Brothers Karamazov"" (1880); Walt Whitman (1819–92) (""Leaves of Grass"") (1855–91); Charles Baudelaire (1821–67) (""Les Fleurs du mal""), Rimbaud (1854–91) (""Illuminations"", 1874); August Strindberg (1849–1912), especially his later plays. A major British lyric poet"
"the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for his role in large scale production of penicillin), Edward Abraham and Norman Heatley (biochemists also instrumental in the development of penicillin), Nevil Sidgwick (chemist), John Wesley (theologian) John le Carré (author), Steph Cook (Olympic gold medalist), William Davenant (poet), John Hobson (economist and influential theorist of imperialism), Edward Thomas (poet), Rachel Maddow (political commentator and author) and Dr. Seuss (cartoonist). From 1954-72 the Rector of the college was Walter Fraser Oakeshott, most famous for discovering the Winchester Manuscript of Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur in 1934 while an Assistant"
"suddenly on 6 September 1907, and was buried at Père-Lachaise in Paris. Sully Prudhomme René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme (; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901. Born in Paris, Prudhomme originally studied to be an engineer, but turned to philosophy and later to poetry; he declared it as his intention to create scientific poetry for modern times. In character sincere and melancholic, he was linked to the Parnassus school, although, at the same time, his work displays characteristics of its"
"Royal Court Library in 1907. The most internationally famous Bengali writer is Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 for his work ""Gitanjali"". He wrote the national anthem of India and Bangladesh namely, ""Jana Gana Mana"" and ""Amar Sonar Bangla"", respectively. He was the first Asian who won the Nobel Prize. Rabindranath has written enormous amount of poems, songs, essays, novels, plays and short stories. His songs remain popular and are still widely sung in Bengal. Kazi Nazrul Islam, who is one generation younger than Tagore, is also equally popular, valuable, and influential in"
"Nobel Prize laureates. Four authors have won the Nobel Prize for literature in the last ten years: J.M.G. Le Clézio (2008), Herta Müller (2009), Mo Yan (2012) and Alice Munro (2013). Other well-known authors they have published are: Ha Jin, Annie Proulx, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Jim Crace, and Carol Shields. Eric Visser recognized that it was difficult for authors to break through internationally. He said: ‘Most editors around the world read English but not, for example, Dutch, French or Swedish so I decided to start publishing in English.’ Only 3% of all publications in the UK are translations, so World"
"writers as Charles Kickham, William Carleton, and (in collaboration) Edith Somerville and Violet Florence Martin. The playwright and poet Oscar Wilde, noted for his epigrams, was born in Ireland. In the 20th century, Ireland produced four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature: George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, James Joyce is widely considered to be one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. Joyce's 1922 novel ""Ulysses"" is considered one of the most important works of Modernist literature and his life is celebrated annually on 16"
"(1900–1904), and in 1904 became the first holder of the Chair of English Literature at Oxford University and he was a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford (1904–22). Raleigh was knighted in 1911. Among his works are ""Style"" (1897), ""Milton"" (1900) and ""Shakespeare"" (1907), but in his day he was more renowned as a stimulating if informal lecturer than as a critic. On the outbreak of World War I he turned to the war as his primary subject. In 1915 he delivered the Vanuxem lectures at Princeton on ""The Origins of Romance"" and ""The Beginnings of the Romantic Revival,"" and lectured"
"(Medicine); Lasker Award winner John Hughes; Gairdner Foundation International Award winner R. John Ellis; Beriberi researcher Takaki Kanehiro; inventor of Kerosene Abraham Pineo Gesner; inventor of the Seismometer John Milne, engineer Vinita Marwaha Madill, and at least 111 Fellows of the Royal Society. Notable King's alumni in poetry and literature include the poet John Keats (Guy's Hospital), the dramatist Sir W. S. Gilbert, and the writers Thomas Hardy, Sir Arthur C. Clarke, Virginia Woolf, Alain de Botton, Sir Michael Morpurgo, W. Somerset Maugham, Charles Kingsley, C. S. Forester, John Ruskin, Radclyffe Hall, Susan Hill, Hanif Kureishi, Maureen Duffy, Khushwant Singh,"
"this trend in 2005 when his novel ""The Sea"" was selected as a surprise winner: Boyd Tonkin, literary editor of ""The Independent"", famously condemned it as ""possibly the most perverse decision in the history of the award"" and rival novelist Tibor Fischer poured scorn on Banville's victory. Kiran Desai of India won in 2006. Anne Enright's 2007 victory came about due to a jury badly split over Ian McEwan's novel ""On Chesil Beach"". The following year it was India's turn again, with Aravind Adiga narrowly defeating Enright's fellow Irishman Sebastian Barry. Historically, the winner of the Man Booker Prize had"
"(1924), ""Strange Interlude"" (Pulitzer Prize 1928), ""Mourning Becomes Electra"" (1931). In poetry Hart Crane published ""The Bridge"" in 1930 and E. E. Cummings and Wallace Stevens were publishing from the 1920s until the 1950s. Similarly William Faulkner continued to publish until the 1950s and was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1949. However, not all those writing in these years were modernists; among the writers outside the movement were American novelists Theodore Dreiser, Dos Passos, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald (""The Great Gatsby"" 1925), and John Steinbeck. Important British writers between the World Wars, include the Scottish poet Hugh MacDiarmid (1892–1978), who"
"A. E. Housman - Lionel Johnson - Rudyard Kipling - Andrew Lang - Eugene Lee-Hamilton - Alfred Lyall - Charlotte Mew - Alice Meynell - A. C. Miall - Sir Henry Newbolt - Roden Noel - Arthur O'Shaughnessy - William James Renton - T. W. Rolleston - George William Russell - William Sharp - J. K. Stephen - Algernon Charles Swinburne - John Addington Symonds - Arthur Symons - Lord De Tabley - James Thomson (B.V.) - Francis Thompson - Margaret Veley - Sir William Watson - Augusta Webster - Oscar Wilde - W. B. Yeats Also, prose by: Sir"
"North""). Notable winners have included Robert Stephen Hawker, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold, Laurence Binyon, Oscar Wilde, John Buchan, John Addington Symonds, James Fenton, P. M. Hubbard, and Alan Hollinghurst. The parallel award given at the University of Cambridge is the Chancellor's Gold Medal. Where known, the title of the winning poem is given, followed by the name of the author, each year links to its corresponding ""[year] in poetry"" article: (XVII.i.) Notes Sources Newdigate Prize Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize, more commonly the Newdigate Prize, is awarded to students of the University of Oxford for the Best Composition in English verse"
"and conventions inherited from 19th-century France. He sought to uncover the authentic self beneath its contradictory masks."" In his journal, Gide distinguishes between adult-attracted ""sodomites"" and boy-loving ""pederasts"", categorizing himself as the latter. In the company of Oscar Wilde, he had several sexual encounters with young boys abroad. Gide's novel ""Corydon"", which he considered his most important work, erects a defense of pederasty. Notes Sources André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in"
"Nobel Prize in Literature the same year, Elfriede Jelinek (2004) and Harold Pinter (2005). The criteria for winning the award include the artwork's ""humanistic character and contribution to cultural, national, language and religious tolerance, its existential, timeless character, its generally human validity and its ability to hand over a testimony about our times."" Previous winners. Franz Kafka Prize The Franz Kafka Prize is an international literary award presented in honour of Franz Kafka, the German language novelist. The prize was first awarded in 2001 and is co-sponsored by the Franz Kafka Society and the city of Prague, Czech Republic. At"
"the literary technique known as ""stream of consciousness"", best exemplified in his famous work ""Ulysses"". Joyce also wrote ""Finnegans Wake"", ""Dubliners"", and the semi-autobiographical ""A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"". ""Ulysses"", often considered to be the greatest novel of the 20th century, is the story of a day in the life of a city, Dublin. ""Finnegans Wake"" is written in an invented language which parodies English, Irish and Latin. Samuel Beckett (1906–1989), who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969, was born in Dublin but later moved to France. He wrote thereafter in French and English."
"friendship, confusing Forster with constant avowals of his love. LGBT E. M. Forster Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 18797 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. Many of his novels examined class difference and hypocrisy, including ""A Room with a View"" (1908), ""Howards End"" (1910) and ""A Passage to India"" (1924). The last brought him his greatest success. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 16 different years. Forster was born into an Anglo-Irish and Welsh family at 6 Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London NW1, in a building that no longer exists."
"in 1861. On 20 September 1864, Meredith married Marie Vulliamy. She died of cancer in 1886. Meredith had three children:<br> with Mary Ellen with Marie George Meredith George Meredith, OM (12 February 1828 – 18 May 1909) was an English novelist and poet of the Victorian era. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times. Meredith was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, a son and grandson of naval outfitters. His mother died when he was five. At the age of 14 he was sent to a Moravian School in Neuwied, Germany, where he remained for two years. He"
"1950 on throughout the 20th century, and she won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. Salman Rushdie is another post Second World War writers from the former British colonies who permanently settled in Britain. Rushdie achieved fame with ""Midnight's Children"" 1981. His most controversial novel ""The Satanic Verses"" 1989, was inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. V. S. Naipaul (born 1932), born in Trinidad, was another immigrant, who wrote among other things ""A Bend in the River"" (1979). Naipaul won the Nobel Prize in Literature. From Nigeria a number of writers have achieved an international reputation for"