"TAN syndrome Tegumental angiomyxoma-neurothekeoma (TAN syndrome) is a syndrome, an acronym, and eponym proposed by Malaysian ophthalmologist of Chinese Descent, Tan Aik Kah (b. June 1975). Angiomyxomas are associated with LAMB (lentigines, atrial myxomas, muco-cutaneous myxomas, and blue naevi) syndrome, NAME (nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides) syndrome and Carney syndrome (atrial, cutaneous and mammary myxomas, lentigines, blue naevi, endocrine disorders and testicular tumours). TAN syndrome is characterized by multiple superficial angiomyxoma and neurothekeoma confined only to the skin (tegument). ""TAN syndrome"" may be used to describe myxomas confined to the skin without visceral involvement. Tan et al. reported"
"Lentigo A lentigo () (plural lentigines, ) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin. It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread. This means the hyperplasia of melanocytes is restricted to the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis where melanocytes normally reside. This is in contrast to the ""nests"" of multi-layer melanocytes found in moles (melanocytic nevi). Because of this characteristic feature, the adjective ""lentiginous"" is used to describe other skin lesions that similarly proliferate linearly within the basal cell"
"Lentinellus Lentinellus is a genus of white rot, wood decay, lamellate agaric in the family Auriscalpiaceae, further characterized in part by rough-walled, amyloid spores produced on lamellae with jagged edges. Typically, thick-walled hyphae in the fruit body are in part amyloid, and frequently the taste of the mushrooms is acrid (burning, spicy). The widespread genus has been estimated to contain 15 species. Mycologists Ronald Petersen and Karen Hughes considered 24 species in their 2004 world monograph of the genus. The name ""Lentinellus"" is the diminutive of ""Lentinus"", which is the generic name for another group of wood-decay fungi with rough"
"number of clinical studies in cancer patients in Japan. however evidence of its efficacy for such purposes is lacking. Lentinan has been reported to cause shiitake mushroom dermatitis. Lentinan Lentinan is a polysaccharide isolated from the fruit body of shiitake (""Lentinula edodes"" mycelium. Lentinan is a β-1,3 beta-glucan with β-1,6 branching. It has a molecular weight of 500,000 Da and specific rotation of +14-22° (NaOH). An ""in vitro"" experiment showed lentinan stimulated production of white blood cells in the human cell line U937. Lentinan is thought to be inactive in humans when given orally and is therefore administered intravenously. The"
"first described a syndrome with multiple lentigines, hypertelorism, pectus carinatum (protruding breastbone) and prognathism (protrusion of lower jaw) in 1936. Sporadic descriptions were added through the years. In 1962, cardiac abnormalities and short stature were first associated with the condition. In 1966, three familial cases were added, a mother, her son and daughter. Another case of mother to two separate children, with different paternity of the two children, was added in 1968. It was believed as late as 2002 that Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML) was related to neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen syndrome). In fact, since both ICD9"
"Shiitake The shiitake (; Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, which is cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered a medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine. The fungus was first described scientifically as ""Agaricus edodes"" by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1877. It was placed in the genus ""Lentinula"" by David Pegler in 1976. The fungus has acquired an extensive synonymy in its taxonomic history: The mushroom's Japanese name is composed of , for the tree ""Castanopsis cuspidata"" that provides the dead logs on which it is typically cultivated, and . The"
"Lepidium Lepidium is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, Brassicaceae. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as garden cress, maca, and dittander. General common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort. Some species form tumbleweeds. The genus name ""Lepidium"" is a Greek word meaning 'small scale', which is thought to derived from a folk medicine usage of the plant to treat leprosy, which cause small scales on the skin. Another meaning is related to the small scale-like fruit. There are about 175, to 220 species in the"
"considered identical by Liebig and others, and was therefore called “vegetable casein.” It contains less carbon and more nitrogen, however, than true casein. Upon treatment with sulphuric acid, legumin gives leucin, tyrosin, and glutamic and aspartic acids. Legumin Legumin, or vegetable casein, is a protein substance analogous to the casein of milk, obtained from beans, peas, lentils, vetches, hemp (specifically edestin) and other leguminous seeds. It is a globulin and structurally similar to the 11S globulin family. Karl Heinrich Ritthausen found legumin from peas, vetches, lentils, and field beans to contain the elements in the following proportions: carbon, 51.48%; hydrogen,"
"skeletal deformities, apparently as the result of defective aging of collagen tissue. The cause of this disease is attributed to beta-aminopropionitrile, which inhibits the copper-containing enzyme lysyl oxidase, responsible for cross-linking procollagen and proelastin. BAPN is also a metabolic product of a compound present in sprouts of grasspea, pea and lentils. A disorder that is clinically similar is konzo. Lathyrism Lathyrism or neurolathyrism is a neurological disease of humans and domestic animals, caused by eating certain legumes of the genus ""Lathyrus"". This problem is mainly associated with ""Lathyrus sativus"" (also known as ""grass pea"", ""chickling pea"", ""kesari dal"", or ""almorta"")"
"Lentil The lentil (""Lens culinaris"" or ""Lens esculenta"") is an edible legume. It is a bushy annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. In South Asian cuisine, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) are known as ""dal"". Usually eaten with rice or ""rotis"", the lentil is a dietary staple throughout regions of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. As a food crop, the majority of world production comes from Canada, India and Australia. Lentils are the oldest pulse crop known, and among"
"Legumin Legumin, or vegetable casein, is a protein substance analogous to the casein of milk, obtained from beans, peas, lentils, vetches, hemp (specifically edestin) and other leguminous seeds. It is a globulin and structurally similar to the 11S globulin family. Karl Heinrich Ritthausen found legumin from peas, vetches, lentils, and field beans to contain the elements in the following proportions: carbon, 51.48%; hydrogen, 7.02%; nitrogen, 16.77%; and oxygen, 24.32%. Legumin is insoluble in water,and is soluble in very weak acids and alkalies; and it is not coagulated by heat. It resembles the casein of mammalian milk, with which it was"
"layer. Lentigines are distinguished from freckles (ephelis) based on the proliferation of melanocytes. Freckles have a relatively normal number of melanocytes but an increased ""amount"" of melanin. A lentigo has an increased ""number"" of melanocytes. Freckles will increase in number and darkness with sunlight exposure, whereas lentigines will stay stable in their color regardless of sunlight exposure. Lentigines by themselves are benign, however one might desire the removal or treatment of some of them for cosmetic purposes. In this case they can be removed surgically, or lightened with the use of topical depigmentation agents. Some common depigmentation agents such as"
"azelaic acid and kojic acid seem to be inefficient in this case, however other agents might work well (4% hydroquinone, 5% topical cysteamine, 10% topical ascorbic acid). Conditions characterized by lentigines include: Lentigo A lentigo () (plural lentigines, ) is a small pigmented spot on the skin with a clearly defined edge, surrounded by normal-appearing skin. It is a harmless (benign) hyperplasia of melanocytes which is linear in its spread. This means the hyperplasia of melanocytes is restricted to the cell layer directly above the basement membrane of the epidermis where melanocytes normally reside. This is in contrast to the"
"Lectins may be disabled by specific mono- and oligosaccharides, which bind to ingested lectins from grains, legume, nightshade plants and dairy; binding can prevent their attachment to the carbohydrates within the cell membrane. The selectivity of lectins means that they are very useful for analyzing blood type, and they are also used in some genetically engineered crops to transfer traits, such as resistance to pests and resistance to herbicides. W.C. Boyd introduced term 'lectin' in 1954 from Latin word 'choose'. Long before a deeper understanding of their numerous biological functions, the plant lectins, also known as phytohemagglutinins, were noted for"
"Legume lectin The legume lectins (or L-type lectins) are a family of sugar-binding proteins or lectins found in the seeds and, in smaller amounts, in the roots, stems, leaves and bark of plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. The exact function of the legume lectins ""in vivo"" is unknown but they are probably involved in the defense of plants against predators. Related proteins in other plant families and in animals have also been found. They have been used for decades as a model system for the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions, because they show an amazing variety of binding specificities and"
"decade), on skin areas with high levels of sun exposure like the face and forearms. Some authors do not consider lentigo maligna to be a melanoma. It is commonly thought of as a melanoma precursor. Incidence of evolution to lentigo maligna melanoma is low, about 2.2% to 5% in elderly patients. It is also known as ""Hutchinson's melanotic freckle"". This is named for Jonathan Hutchinson. The word lentiginous comes from the latin for freckle. Characteristics include a blue/black stain of skin initially. Skin is thin, about 4-5 cell layers thick, which is often related to aging. Histological features include epidermal"
"Phellinus linteus Phellinus linteus (Japanese ""meshimakobu"", Chinese ""song gen"", Korean ""sanghwang"", English ""Meshima"", American English ""black hoof mushroom"") is a medicinal mushroom used in Japan, Korea and China for centuries to prevent ailments as diverse as gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, haemorrhage and cancers. It is shaped like a hoof, has a bitter taste, and in the wild grows on mulberry trees. The stem's color ranges from dark brown to black. In Korean traditional medicine, the mushroom is consumed in the form of hot tea. Early research has suggested that ""Phellinus linteus"" has anti-breast cancer activity. A paper published by Harvard Medical"
"considered for use in humans. These treatments, like most current gene therapy experiments, show promise but are yet to be established as safe and effective in controlled human studies. Gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors have so far been used in more than 300 clinical trials, addressing treatment options for various diseases. Lentivirus Lentivirus (""lente-"", Latin for """"slow"""") is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in the human and other mammalian species. The best known lentivirus is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV, which causes AIDS. Lentiviruses are also hosted in apes, cows, goats,"
"Cissus verticillata Cissus verticillata, also known as princess vine, millionaire vine and curtain ivy, is evergreen perennial vine in the Vitaceae (grapevine) family. Historical medicinal recommendations include ""weakness of the stomach"", fevers and antiepileptic action. The root bark was also chewed ""to strengthen teeth"". The modern ethnopharmacological usages come from Brazil and include: antipyretic (the herb in Brazilian ethnomedicine) and anti-inflammatory applications; against epilepsy (or at least as an anticonvulsive); externally: in haemorrhage and abscesses. The following historical medicinal recommendations have been confirmed: gastroprotective, antihaemorrhagic (styptic), anti-inflammatory and antiepileptic. Antihaemorhagic and antiepileptic usages are recorded in local ethnomedicine of Brazil."
"from plants, that can bind to specific oligosaccharides on the surface of cells, causing the cells to clump together. Lectins can be used to identify mutant cells in cell cultures and to determine blood groups as they can cause the agglutination of red blood cells. Lectins are found in seeds of legumes and in other tissues, in which they are thought to act as a toxin. ""This article incorporates language from Herrmann Stillmark, which is released under GFDL."" Peter Hermann Stillmark Peter Hermann Stillmark (22 July 1860, Penza, Russia – 23 June 1923, Pärnu, Estonia) was a Baltic-German microbiologist. In"
"genus. 10 species are found in California. Species include: Lepidium Lepidium is a genus of plants in the mustard/cabbage family, Brassicaceae. The genus is widely distributed in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. It includes familiar species such as garden cress, maca, and dittander. General common names include peppercress, peppergrass, and pepperwort. Some species form tumbleweeds. The genus name ""Lepidium"" is a Greek word meaning 'small scale', which is thought to derived from a folk medicine usage of the plant to treat leprosy, which cause small scales on the skin. Another meaning is related to the small scale-like fruit."
"Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments (lipofuscin) in the body's tissues. These lipopigments are made up of fats and proteins. Their name comes from the word stem ""lipo-"", which is a variation on ""lipid"" or ""fat"", and from the term ""pigment"", used because the substances take on a greenish-yellow color when viewed under an ultraviolet light microscope. These lipofuscin materials build up in neuronal cells and many organs, including the liver, spleen, myocardium, and kidneys. The classic"
"done by a dermatologist. Liver spot Liver spots (also known as age spot, solar lentigo, ""lentigo senilis"", ""old age spot"", ""senile freckle"") are blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They range in color from light brown to red or black and are located in areas most often exposed to the sun, particularly the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead, and the scalp if bald. The spots derive their name from the fact that they were once incorrectly believed to be caused by liver problems, but they are physiologically unrelated to the"
"Liver spot Liver spots (also known as age spot, solar lentigo, ""lentigo senilis"", ""old age spot"", ""senile freckle"") are blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They range in color from light brown to red or black and are located in areas most often exposed to the sun, particularly the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead, and the scalp if bald. The spots derive their name from the fact that they were once incorrectly believed to be caused by liver problems, but they are physiologically unrelated to the liver, save for a"
"is most diverse in the Southern Hemisphere. Members of the suborder Peltigerineae produce a wide range of secondary compounds, some of which are useful to humans in medicine and dyeing. Former uses include using ""Peltigera canina"" (dog lichen) as a remedy for the bite of a mad dog and ""Lobaria pulmonaria"" (tree lungwort) as a remedy for lung diseases because of its supposed resemblance to lung tissue. Peltigerales Peltigerales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was formerly often treated as a"
"Ligusticum Ligusticum (lovage, licorice root) is a genus of about 60 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Its name is believed to derive from the Italian region of Liguria. The roots of several species are used as medicinal herbs. ""L. wallichii"" is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in Chinese herbology, where it is called ""chuānxiōng"" (川芎); in English, Szechwan lovage. ""L. porteri"" (osha) is used in Western herbal medicine. Chinese ""Ligusticum"" root contains alkaloids that have been shown in studies to inhibit TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB"
"Phlebitis Phlebitis or venitis is the inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs. It most commonly occurs in superficial veins. Phlebitis often occurs in conjunction with thrombosis and is then called thrombophlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis. Unlike deep vein thrombosis, the probability that superficial thrombophlebitis will cause a clot to break up and be transported in pieces to the lung is very low. There is usually a slow onset of a tender red area along the superficial veins on the skin. A long, thin red area may be seen as the inflammation follows a superficial vein. This area may feel"
"Betahistine Betahistine, sold under the brand name Serc among others, is an anti-vertigo medication. It is commonly prescribed for balance disorders or to alleviate vertigo symptoms associated with Ménière's disease. It was first registered in Europe in 1970 for the treatment of Ménière's disease. Betahistine is used in the treatment of Ménière's disease and vertigo. The supporting evidence for the efficacy of betahistine for Ménière's disease is of poor quality. A 2011 Cochrane review of seven trials consisting of 243 patients with Ménière's disease concluded that there was insufficient evidence for any beneficial effect of betahistine on symptoms. Most of"
"Lentivirus Lentivirus (""lente-"", Latin for """"slow"""") is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in the human and other mammalian species. The best known lentivirus is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV, which causes AIDS. Lentiviruses are also hosted in apes, cows, goats, horses, cats, and sheep. Recently, lentiviruses have been found in monkeys, lemurs, Malayan flying lemur (neither a true lemur nor a primate), rabbits, and ferrets. Lentiviruses and their hosts have worldwide distribution. Lentiviruses can integrate a significant amount of viral cDNA into the DNA of the host cell and can"
"ocular hypertension and glaucoma showed significantly lower intraocular pressure in patients. Latrunculin The latrunculins are a family of natural products and toxins produced by certain sponges, including genus ""Latrunculia"" and ""Negombata"", whence the name is derived. It binds actin monomers near the nucleotide binding cleft with 1:1 stoichiometry and prevents them from polymerizing. Administered ""in vivo"", this effect results in disruption of the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton, and allows visualization of the corresponding changes made to the cellular processes. This property is similar to that of cytochalasin, but has a narrow effective concentration range. Latrunculin has been used to"
"exposure and disappearing after 3 to 21 days. This effect – presumably caused by the polysaccharide, lentinan – is more common in Asia but may be growing in occurrence in Europe as shiitake consumption increases. Thorough cooking may eliminate the allergenicity. There is research investigating the use of shiitake mushrooms in production of organic fertilizer and compost from hardwood. Shiitake The shiitake (; Lentinula edodes) is an edible mushroom native to East Asia, which is cultivated and consumed in many Asian countries. It is considered a medicinal mushroom in some forms of traditional medicine. The fungus was first described scientifically"
"together are sometimes called the ""leptomeninges"", literally ""thin meninges"" ( leptos - thin). Acute meningococcal meningitis can lead to an exudate within the leptomeninges along the surface of the brain. Because the arachnoid is connected to the pia by cob-web like strands, it is structurally continuous with the pia, hence the name pia-arachnoid or leptomeninges. They are responsible for the production of beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D2 synthase) a major cerebrospinal fluid protein . The subarachnoid space is the space that normally exists between the arachnoid and the pia mater, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, and continues down the spinal"
"is crucial to create new and desirable varieties. According to Yadav et al. other biotechnology techniques which may impact on lentil breeding are micro-propagation using meristamatic explants, callus culture and regeneration, protoplast culture and doubled haploid production. Lentil The lentil (""Lens culinaris"" or ""Lens esculenta"") is an edible legume. It is a bushy annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. In South Asian cuisine, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) are known as ""dal"". Usually eaten with rice or ""rotis"", the lentil is"