"France, Belgium, and some African countries. It differs from the QWERTY layout thus: Lithuanian keyboards use a layout known as ĄŽERTY, where Ą appears in place of Q above A, Ž in place of W above S, and Ū in place of X below S, with Q, W, and X being available either on the far right-hand side or by use of the AltGr key. Besides ĄŽERTY, the Lithuanian QWERTY keyboard is also used. The QZERTY layout was used mostly in Italy, where it was the traditional typewriter layout. In recent years, however, a modified QWERTY layout with stressed keys"
"other letters of interest to scholars of medieval manuscripts, was added to the Unicode Standard in 2006 after a request by Michael Everson. It resides in the Latin Extended-D block of the Basic Multilingual Plane. Q with stroke Q with stroke (Ꝗ, ꝗ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from writing the letter Q with the addition of a bar through the letter's descender. The letter was used by scribes during the Middle Ages, where it was employed primarily as an abbreviationa modern parallel of this would be abbreviating the word ""and"" with an ampersand (&). The letter"
"Q with stroke Q with stroke (Ꝗ, ꝗ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from writing the letter Q with the addition of a bar through the letter's descender. The letter was used by scribes during the Middle Ages, where it was employed primarily as an abbreviationa modern parallel of this would be abbreviating the word ""and"" with an ampersand (&). The letter was also used to write some modern languages. Between 1928 and 1938 it was used in the Lezgin language, but that language now uses a Cyrillic alphabet without the letter. The Dargin language was also"
"has been derived from frequency of use (FoU) statistics, plus additional considerations, such as the most frequent two- and three-letter combinations found in words. As much as possible, such combinations need to be placed as non-blocking sequences. Whilst the letter E is normally regarded as the most common letter in the English language, one should not ignore the Space character, as it is nearly twice as frequent; additionally, in punctuation, the comma and full-stop are more frequent than the letters KVJZXQ. Directional or cursor keys have also been subject to changes in design approach. Whilst the earlier PC-XT compatible Model"
"in question, and sometimes not. This shortcut character is the character produced when one types just the letter and nothing else; these are all extremely common characters used when typing Chinese. ""It is entirely possible that there are a number of components not listed below, either because of oversight, because they are rarely used, or because no simple Unicode representation for the component exists."" The Q key's main component is 金 and its shortcut character is 我. It is associated with the following components: 金, 钅, 勹, 儿, 夕, as well as the hook at the top of 饣 and"
"Q Q (named ""cue"" ) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In nearly all languages using the Latin script it is a consonant, not a vowel. The Semitic sound value of Qôp was (voiceless uvular stop), and the form of the letter could have been based on the eye of a needle, a knot, or even a monkey with its tail hanging down. is a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in many European languages. Some have even suggested that the form of the letter Q is even more"
"QWERTZ The QWERTZ or QWERTZU keyboard is a typewriter and keyboard layout widely used in Central Europe. The name comes from the first six letters at the top left of the keyboard: ( ). The main difference between QWERTZ and QWERTY is that the positions of the and keys are switched (hence the nickname ""kezboard""). This change was made for two major reasons: Similar to many other non-English keyboards: Some of special key inscriptions are often changed from an abbreviation to a graphical symbol (for example caps lock becomes a hollow arrow pointing down, backspace becomes a left-pointing arrow). In"
"Ê Ê, ê (e-circumflex) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, found in Afrikaans, Dutch, French, Friulian, Kurdish, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Welsh. It is used to transliterate Ukrainian and Chinese. Ê is considered not a separate letter in Afrikaans but a variation of ""e"". The circumflex forces the pronunciation of ""e"" to be , but ""e"", without the circumflex, is pronounced as , or , depending on its placement in the Aerd. In the Pinyin romanization of Standard Mandarin Chinese, ""ê"" represents . It corresponds to Zhuyin ㄝ. The circumflex occurs only if ""ê"" is the only letter"
"' ('quorum'), ' ('quasar') or ' ('Qatar') were spelled with ""q""; this is no longer so. To write Spanish on a typewriter or to set type, the special characters required are ""á"", ""é"", ""í"", ""ó"", ""ú"", ""ñ"", ""Ñ"", ""ü"", ""Ü"", ""¿"", and ""¡"". The uppercase ""Á"", ""É"", ""Í"", ""Ó"", and ""Ú"" are also prescribed by the RAE, although occasionally dispensed with in practice. As implemented on the mechanical typewriter, the keyboard contained a single dead key, with the acute accent in the lowercase position, and the diaeresis in the uppercase position. With these, one could write ""á"", ""é"", ""í"", ""ó"","
"the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the two sounds and , which were not differentiated in writing. Of these, Q was used before a rounded vowel (e.g. 'ego'), K before /a/, and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C (and its variant G) replaced most usages of K and Q: Q survived only to represent /k/ when immediately followed by a /w/ sound. Depending on the typeface used to typeset the letter Q, the letter's tail may either bisect its bowl as in Helvetica, meet the bowl as in Univers, or lie completely outside the"
"major style difference typically seen between the descenders of the ""g"" (a loop) and ""q"" (vertical). When handwritten, or as part of a handwriting font, the descender of the ""q"" sometimes finishes with a rightward swash to distinguish it from the letter ""g"". The International Phonetic Alphabet uses for the voiceless uvular stop. In English, the digraph most often denotes the cluster ; however, in borrowings from French, it represents , as in 'plaque'. See the list of English words containing Q not followed by U. is the 25th letter in relative frequency in the English language, with a frequency"
"and proposed a unique and more efficient keyboard based on his research. He determined that the ten most frequently used letter were A,D,E,H,I,N,O,R,S and T and were used in about 70% of written text and in about 85% of all words. The middle row contained letters that occurred 24% of the time and the top row about 6%. Blickensderfer offered the scientific keyboard in the hopes that his more efficient system would replace the clumsy but widely used QWERTY or universal keyboard developed by Sholes and Glidden in 1874. Unfortunately for Blickensderfer, no other typewriter manufacturer adopted the scientific keyboard"
"Quad (typography) In typography, a quad (originally ""quadrat"") was a metal spacer used in letterpress typesetting. The term was later adopted as the generic name for two common sizes of spaces in typography, regardless of the form of typesetting used. An em quad is a space that is one ""em"" wide; as wide as the height of the font. An en quad is a space that is one ""en"" wide: half the width of an em quad. Both are encoded as characters in the General Punctuation code block of the Unicode character set as U+2000 EN QUAD and U+2001 EM"
"normally to the right on the upper row. The German typewriter keyboard layout was defined in DIN 2112, first issued in 1928. In other countries, the letter is not marked on the keyboard, but a combination of other keys can produce it. Often, the letter is input using a modifier and the ""s"" key. The details of the keyboard layout depend on the input language and operating system, such as Ctrl+Alt+s, on some keyboards such as US-International also AltGr+s in Microsoft Windows or Option+s on the US, US-Extended, and UK keyboards in macOS. In Windows, one can also use alt"
"31% faster than a multi-tap keyboard, when typing is modeled with Fitt's law. The 9 most frequent letters in English texts: ETAONRISH, are placed on the keyboard so they can be accessed on a single click. The next 17 less frequent letters: DLFCMUGYPWBVKJXQZ, are placed as to be triggered by a single move of the finger from or to the central key (O) (except for Z which is centered around the 'E' key together with some punctuation characters). For example, the letter V is typed by dragging the finger from A to O, and the letter D by moving from"
"""Q"", or vice versa; nor can the ""P"" be painted to resemble an ""R"", amongst other changes. This typeface can more easily be read by radar or visual registration plate reading machines, but can be harder to read with the naked eye, especially when the maximum allowed number of 8 characters in ""Engschrift"" (narrower script used when available space is limited) are printed on the plate. Many countries have since adopted ""FE-Schrift"", or developed their own anti-fraud typeface. Denmark offers both a European or normal style registration plate. They have a fairly similar look, with the EU strip with the"
"keys has become the de facto standard for English-language typewriter and computer keyboards. Other languages written in the Latin alphabet sometimes use variants of the QWERTY layouts, such as the French AZERTY, the Italian QZERTY and the German QWERTZ layouts. The QWERTY layout is not the most efficient layout possible for the English language, since it requires a touch-typist to move his or her fingers between rows to type the most common letters. Although the QWERTY keyboard was the most commonly used layout in typewriters, a better, less strenuous keyboard was being searched for throughout the late 1900s. One popular"
"(^) character, this is easily accomplished by typing the circumflex accent followed by a space. Note that while the diagram on the right depicts the Q key as if having upper-case and lower-case Greek Omega, that is not in conformance to the Canadian Multilingual Standard, which calls for a single extra character, an Omega-like Ohm symbol, not Omega. The lower-case Omega symbol does not belong in the diagram. This keyboard layout is commonly used in Canada by French-speaking Canadians. It is the most common layout for laptops and stand-alone keyboards targeting French speakers. Unlike the French layout used in France"
"Etruscan language did not make this distinction. C originated as a turned form of Greek Gamma (Γ) and Q from Greek Koppa (Ϙ). In later Latin, K survived only in a few forms such as ""Kalendae""; Q survived only before V (representing ), and C was used everywhere else. G was later invented to distinguish between and ; it was originally simply a C with an additional diacritic. K was marginalized in favour of C, which afterward stood for both /ɡ/ and /k/. Probably during the 3rd century BC, the Z was dropped and a new letter G was placed"
"typeface that bears his name, remarked that most of his typefaces feature a Q tail that meets the bowl and then extends horizontally. Frutiger considered such Qs to make for more ""harmonious"" and ""gentle"" typefaces. Some typographers, such as Sophie Elinor Brown, have listed ""Q"" as being among their favorite letters. The lowercase ""q"" is usually seen as a lowercase ""o"" with a descender (i.e., downward vertical tail) extending from the right side of the bowl, with or without a swash (i.e., flourish), even a reversed lowercase p. The ""q""'s descender is usually typed without a swash due to the"
"default, allowing only 'mirroring'. Users must reconfigure their xorg.conf file, or install a more recent OS to allow the higher resolution output. The EEE PC900 has a tendency for the display to fail with black blobs due to air leakage. This is repairable but depending on exact replacement unit sometimes needs the eight-pin E2PROM moved from the old display to the new one, and a single track linked to regain picture and brightness control after the new one is fitted. On a normal, full size computer keyboard, the 10 keys Q–P measure 190 mm (7.48 in). The 700 and 900"
"keys are specified in ISO/IEC 9995-7. Letterings which are commonly used instead of the symbols are shown in their English version in parentheses. Keyboards which comply to this narrower specification contain all the keys shown in white in the figure above, the key at C12 shown in yellow, and one of the two keys at E13 and B00 shown in red. The standard does not require this; it only says that keyboards complying to this narrower specification can be called such. A key at E00 is not required, but when it is present on the keyboard, the positions E13 and"
"capital Qs: one with a short tail to be used in short words, and another with a long tail to be used in long words. Some early metal type fonts included up to 3 different Qs: a short-tailed Q, a long-tailed Q, and a long-tailed Q-u ligature. This print tradition was alive and well until the 19th century, when long-tailed Qs fell out of favor: even recreations of classic typefaces such as Caslon began being distributed with only short Q tails. Not a fan of long-tailed Qs, American typographer D. B. Updike celebrated their demise in his 1922 book ""Printing"
"QUAD, which are also defined to be canonically equivalent to U+2002 EN SPACE and U+2003 EM SPACE respectively. Quad (typography) In typography, a quad (originally ""quadrat"") was a metal spacer used in letterpress typesetting. The term was later adopted as the generic name for two common sizes of spaces in typography, regardless of the form of typesetting used. An em quad is a space that is one ""em"" wide; as wide as the height of the font. An en quad is a space that is one ""en"" wide: half the width of an em quad. Both are encoded as characters"
"labelled Q light up. However, the wiring is fixed, providing little security. Rotor machines build on this idea by, in effect, changing the wiring with each key stroke. The wiring is placed inside a rotor, and then rotated with a gear every time a letter was pressed. So while pressing A the first time might generate a Q, the next time it might generate a J. Every letter pressed on the keyboard would spin the rotor and get a new substitution, implementing a polyalphabetic substitution cipher. Depending on the size of the rotor, this may or may not be more"
"is another origin story in the Smithsonian that the QWERTY keyboard was made for telegraph operators and has this layout to make it easy for the telegraph operator to work. (On the other hand, in the German keyboard the Z has been moved between the T and the U to help type the frequent bigraphs TZ and ZU in that language.) Almost every word in the English language contains at least one vowel letter, but on the QWERTY keyboard only the vowel letter ""A"" is on the home row, which requires the typist's fingers to leave the home row for"
"selection to access special characters like the long s, or foreign characters like “Æ” or “Ə”. Sorbian QWERTZ is practically identical to the German layout, but the additional Sorbian characters can be entered with dead keys; it has three different layouts: Standard, Legacy, and Extended. All are supported by Microsoft Windows (Windows 7 and later only). The QWERTZ keyboard layout is commonly used in the Czech Republic, but the QWERTY variant is an unofficial option. The characters from the American keyboard (@#$&\|[]{}<>^`~*) and some other characters and diacritic signs (÷×¤€ßĐđŁł°˘˝·˛¸) that are missing on the Czech mechanical typewriter keyboard can"
"geometric sans-serif typefaces used to teach children how to write. Q with hook tail Q with hook tail (uppercase: Ɋ, lowercase: ɋ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet, based on the letter Q. It was introduced by Lutheran missionaries in Papua New Guinea for use in the Numanggang language in the 1930s or 1940s. In 2002, it was decided to discontinue using Q with hook tail. It is still used in the Kâte language to represent a voiced labial-velar plosive. In some forms of handwriting for English (and presumably other languages based on the Latin alphabet), lowercase q"
"such as à, è, ò, has gained widespread usage throughout Italy. Computer keyboards usually have QWERTY, although non-alphanumeric characters vary. Apple supported QZERTY layout in its early Italian keyboards, and currently iPod Touch also has it available. Sámi keyboards use a layout known as the Sámi Extended, where Á appears in place of Q above A, Š appears in place of W above S, Č appears in place of X to the left of C, and Ŧ appears in place of Y to the right of T, with Q, W, X, and Y being available by use of the AltGr"
"symbol represented as ""octal"" 23 (hex 13). Typewriters produced for the British market included a ""£"" sign from the earliest days, though its position varied widely. A 1921 advertisement for an Imperial Typewriters model D, for example shows a machine with two modifier shifts (CAPS and FIG), with the ""£"" sign occupying the FIG shift position on the key for letter ""B"". But the advertisement notes that ""We make special keyboards containing symbols, fractions, signs, etc., for the peculiar needs of Engineers, Builders, Architects, Chemists, Scientists, etc., or any staple trade."" On Latin-alphabet typewriters lacking a ""£"" symbol type element,"
"the Roman letters in the English QWERTY layout, with numbers above them. Many of the non-alphanumeric symbols are the same as on English-language keyboards, but some symbols are located in other places. The hiragana symbols are also ordered in a consistent way across different keyboards. For example, the ""Q, W, E, R, T, Y"" keys correspond to た, て, い, す, か, ん (""ta"", ""te"", ""i"", ""su"", ""ka"", and ""n"") respectively when the computer is used for direct hiragana input. Since Japanese input requires switching between Roman and hiragana entry modes, and also conversion between hiragana and kanji (as discussed"
"Z, Q and X are rare. Likewise, TH, ER, ON, and AN are the most common pairs of letters (termed ""bigrams"" or ""digraphs""), and SS, EE, TT, and FF are the most common repeats. The nonsense phrase ""ETAOIN SHRDLU"" represents the 12 most frequent letters in typical English language text. In some ciphers, such properties of the natural language plaintext are preserved in the ciphertext, and these patterns have the potential to be exploited in a ciphertext-only attack. In a simple substitution cipher, each letter of the plaintext is replaced with another, and any particular letter in the plaintext will"
"E.161 E.161 is an ITU-T recommendation that defines the assignment of the basic 26 Latin letters (A to Z) to the 12-key telephone keypad. Uses for this mapping include: ETSI ETS 300 640 and ISO 9995-8 also address this. Language-specific letters (e.g. ü, é, å, ä, ö) as well as other characters (e.g. ‘€’ or ‘@’) are not addressed, which has led to a variety of inconsistent solutions for European languages. The E.161 layout is primarily based on the layout used on American telephones since the 1930s for telephone exchange names. Until the 1990s, Q and Z were not included"