"also travelled to France, where he obtained material for his second novel, ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"", another success. Having lived for a brief time in Bath, he returned to London and published ""The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom"" in 1753. He was now recognised as a major author. His novels were published by the well-known London bookseller Andrew Millar. Smollett became associated with such figures as David Garrick, Laurence Sterne, Oliver Goldsmith, and Samuel Johnson, whom he famously nicknamed ""that Great Cham of literature"". In 1755 he published an English translation of Miguel de Cervantes's novel Don Quixote, which"
"Bangour (1704–54), socialite Alison Rutherford Cockburn (1712–94), and poet and playwright James Thompson's (1700–48), most famous for the nature poetry of his ""Seasons"". Tobias Smollett (1721–71) was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his picaresque novels, such as ""The Adventures of Roderick Random"" (1748) and ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"" (1751) for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. His work would be a major influence on later novelists such as Thackeray and Dickens. The early eighteenth century was also a period of innovation in Gaelic vernacular poetry. Major figures included Rob Donn"
"it was merely England writ large; Scottish writers were more clearly aware of the new state as a ""cultural amalgam comprising more than just England"". James Thomson's ""Rule Britannia!"" is an example of the Scottish championing of this new national and literary identity. With the invention of British literature came the development of the first British novels, in contrast to the English novel of the 18th century which continued to deal with England and English concerns rather than exploring the changed political, social and literary environment. Tobias Smollett (1721–71) was a Scottish pioneer of the British novel, exploring the prejudices"
"He also led the trend for pastoral poetry and his pastoral opera ""The Gentle Shepherd"" was one of the most influential works of the era. Ramsay was part of a community of poets working in Scots and English. Tobias Smollett was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his picaresque novels, for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. The early eighteenth century was also a period of innovation in Gaelic vernacular poetry that mixed traditional forms with influences from the Lowlands. Drama was pursued by Scottish playwrights in London. In Scotland drama was"
"Among the most significant intellectual figures associated with Romanticism was Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), born in Scotland and later a resident of London. He was largely responsible for bringing the works of German Romantics such as Schiller and Goethe to the attention of a British audience. An essayist and historian, he invented the phrase ""hero-worship"", lavishing largely uncritical praise on strong leaders such as Oliver Cromwell, Frederick the Great and Napoleon. His """" (1837) dramatised the plight of the French aristocracy, but stressed the inevitability of history as a force. With French historian Jules Michelet, he is associated with the use"
"those by Thomas Malory, with contemporary concerns and ideas. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood also drew on myth and folklore for their art, with Dante Gabriel Rossetti contemporaneously regarded as the chief poet amongst them, although his sister Christina is now held by scholars to be a stronger poet. In drama, farces, musical burlesques, extravaganzas and comic operas competed with Shakespeare productions and serious drama by the likes of James Planché and Thomas William Robertson. In 1855, the German Reed Entertainments began a process of elevating the level of (formerly risqué) musical theatre in Britain that culminated in the famous series of"
"Tobias Smollett Tobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author. He was best known for his picaresque novels, such as ""The Adventures of Roderick Random"" (1748) and ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"" (1751), and ""The Expedition of Humphry Clinker"" (1771), which influenced later novelists including Charles Dickens. His novels were amended liberally by printers; a definitive edition of each of his works was edited by Dr O. M. Brack, Jr, to correct variants. Smollett was born at Dalquhurn, now part of Renton, in present-day West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. He was the fourth son"
"there is plentiful evidence that they were being read, particularly by women and students in Scotland. Scotland and Scottish authors made a modest contribution to this early development. About forty full length prose books were printed in Scotland before 1800. One of the earliest was the anonymously authored ""Select Collection of Oriental Tales"" (1776). Tobias Smollett (1721–71) was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his picaresque novels, such as ""The Adventures of Roderick Random"" (1748) and ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"" (1751) for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. His most influential"
"the formal rules of German poetry. His poetry was set to music by almost every major Austrian and German composer from Mozart to Mahler, and his influence would spread to French drama and opera as well. Beethoven declared that a ""Faust"" Symphony would be the greatest thing for art. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: Doctor Faustus. The ""Faust"" tragedy/drama, often called ' (the""' drama of the Germans), written in two parts published decades apart, would stand"
"what became known as new criticism. Eliot begins the essay by stating that the primary problem of ""Hamlet"" is actually the play itself, with its main character being only a secondary issue. Eliot goes on to note that play enjoys critical success because the character of Hamlet appeals to a particular kind of creatively minded critic. According to Eliot, a creative-minded individual who directs his energy toward criticism projects his own character onto Hamlet. As a result, the critic becomes biased in favor of and fixated on the character. Eliot accuses Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Samuel Taylor Coleridge of"
"Nietzsche, Ernst Cassirer, and Carl Jung. Along with Schiller, he was one of the leading figures of Weimar Classicism. Schopenhauer cited Goethe's novel ""Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship"" as one of the four greatest novels ever written, along with ""Tristram Shandy"", ""La Nouvelle Héloïse"" and ""Don Quixote"". Goethe embodied many of the contending strands in art over the next century: his work could be lushly emotional, and rigorously formal, brief and epigrammatic, and epic. He would argue that Classicism was the means of controlling art, and that Romanticism was a sickness, even as he penned poetry rich in memorable images, and rewrote"
"working in Scots and English. These included William Hamilton of Gilbertfield (c. 1665–1751), Robert Crawford (1695–1733), Alexander Ross (1699–1784), the Jacobite William Hamilton of Bangour (1704–54), socialite Alison Rutherford Cockburn (1712–94), and poet and playwright James Thompson's (1700–48), most famous for the nature poetry of his ""Seasons"". Tobias Smollett (1721–71) was a poet, essayist, satirist and playwright, but is best known for his picaresque novels, such as ""The Adventures of Roderick Random"" (1748) and ""The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle"" (1751) for which he is often seen as Scotland's first novelist. His work would be a major influence on later novelists"
"storytelling and the biting edge of his satire in works such as ""An Béal Bocht"". Samuel Beckett, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969, is one of the great figures in 20th-century world literature. Perhaps best known for his plays, he also wrote works of fiction, including ""Watt"" (1953) and his trilogy ""Molloy"" (1951), ""Malone Dies"" (1956) and ""The Unnamable"" (1960), all three of which were first written, and published, in French. The big house novel prospered into the 20th century, and Aidan Higgins' (1927–2015) first novel ""Langrishe, Go Down"" (1966) is an experimental example of the ""genre""."
"broken down as follows into further parts, resulting in a total of 34 separate printed volumes : Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He wrote the poems ""The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"" and ""Kubla Khan"", as well as the major prose work ""Biographia Literaria"". His critical work, especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to"
"Thomas Carlyle Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, translator, historian, mathematician, and teacher. Considered one of the most important social commentators of his time, he presented many lectures during his lifetime with certain acclaim in the Victorian era. One of those conferences resulted in his famous work ""On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History"" where he explains that the key role in history lies in the actions of the ""Great Man"", claiming that ""the history of the world is but the biography of great men"". A respected historian, his 1837 book"
"""simply bardolatry,"" and criticizing his grasp on the laws of art, but the ideals of the cult had already begun to spread. The phenomenon became important in the Victorian era when many writers treated Shakespeare's works as a secular equivalent or replacement to the Bible. ""That King Shakespeare,"" the essayist Thomas Carlyle wrote in 1840, ""does not he shine, in crowned sovereignty, over us all, as the noblest, gentlest, yet strongest of rallying signs; indestructible"". The essential characteristic of bardolatry is that Shakespeare is presented as not only the greatest writer who ever lived, but also as the supreme intellect,"
"estimated that up to 60,000 people lined the streets. King Gustaf V sent a wreath for the bier. Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, Maxim Gorky, John Osborne, and Ingmar Bergman are among the many artists who have cited Strindberg as an influence. Eugene O'Neill, upon receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature, dedicated much of his acceptance speech to describing Strindberg's influence on his work, and referred to him as ""that greatest genius of all modern dramatists."" A multi-faceted author, Strindberg was often extreme. His novel ""The Red Room"" (1879) made him famous. His early plays belong to the Naturalistic movement. His"
"works. He believed that Derby was the principal figure behind the Shakespeare plays and was the sole author of the sonnets and narrative poems. He concludes that ""William Stanley was William Shakespeare"". As early as 1820 it had been suggested that, because of their ""habitual resemblance of style"", Shakespeare had in fact written the works of the poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe, but it was not until 1895 that this theory was reversed, and Marlowe himself proposed as the most likely author of the Shakespeare canon, with a serious case for this being made by Wilbur G. Zeigler in the"
"importance of Tooke's grammatical ideas in a way that presaged and accorded with the radical grammatical work of William Cobbett, whom Hazlitt sketched in a later essay in ""The Spirit of the Age"". Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), a Scottish lawyer and man of letters, was the most popular poet and, beginning in 1814, writing novels anonymously as ""The Author of ""Waverley"" "", the most popular author in the English language. Hazlitt was an admirer as well as a reviewer of Scott's fiction, yet he never met the man, despite ample opportunities to do so. In Hazlitt's view, the essence of"
"known of which are included in his cycle based on ""The Jungle Book"" by Rudyard Kipling. Through these works, he defended the viability of the symphonic poem long after it had gone out of vogue. Both Liszt and Richard Strauss worked in Germany, but while Liszt may have invented the symphonic poem and Strauss brought it to its highest point, overall the form was less well received there than in other countries. Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner dominated the German musical scene, but neither wrote symphonic poems; instead, they devoted themselves completely to music drama (Wagner) and absolute music (Brahms)."
"the greatest psychologist, and the most faithful portrayer of the human condition and experience. In other words, bardolatry defines Shakespeare as the master of all human experience and of its intellectual analysis. As Carlyle stated, Of this Shakspeare of ours, perhaps the opinion one sometimes hears a little idolatrously expressed is, in fact, the right one; I think the best judgment not of this country only, but of Europe at large, is slowly pointing to the conclusion, that Shakspeare is the chief of all Poets hitherto; the greatest intellect who, in our recorded world, has left record of himself in"
"artistic creation. Turgenev was closer in temperament to his friends Gustave Flaubert and Theodor Storm, the North German poet and master of the novella form, who also often dwelt on memories of the past and evoked the beauty of nature. Turgenev's artistic purity made him a favorite of like-minded novelists of the next generation, such as Henry James and Joseph Conrad, both of whom greatly preferred Turgenev to Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky. James, who wrote no fewer than five critical essays on Turgenev's work, claimed that ""his merit of form is of the first order"" (1873) and praised his ""exquisite delicacy"","
"Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) is known as the Father of English literature and is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his 10 year-old son Lewis. He also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, and diplomat. Among his many works are ""The Book of the Duchess"", ""The House of Fame"", ""The Legend of"
"Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (; – 25 October 1400) is known as the Father of English literature and is widely considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages. He was the first to be buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey. Chaucer achieved fame during his lifetime as an author, philosopher, and astronomer, composing a scientific treatise on the astrolabe for his 10 year-old son Lewis. He also maintained an active career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, and diplomat. Among his many works are ""The Book of the Duchess"", ""The House of Fame"", ""The Legend of"
"other as the greatest novelist ever. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in writing short stories and became perhaps the leading dramatist internationally of his period. American literature also progressed with the development of a distinct voice: Mark Twain produced his masterpieces Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In Irish Literature, the Anglo-Irish tradition produced Bram Stoker and Oscar Wilde writing in English and a Gaelic Revival had emerged by the end of the 19th century. The poetry of William Butler Yeats prefigured the emergence of the 20th-century Irish literary giants James Joyce, Samuel Beckett"
"(1844–1924); Paul Claudel (1868–1955); Alphonse Allais (1854–1905); the poet Guillaume Apollinaire (1880–1918); Maurice Barrès (1862–1923); René Bazin (1853–1932); Colette (1873–1954); the poet and novelist François Coppée (1842–1908); Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897); Alain Fournier (1886–1914), author of ""Le Grand Meaulnes"" (1913)- his only published novel-, who died on the battlefield in September 1914; André Gide (1869–1951); Pierre Louÿs (1870–1925); Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949), a Belgian poet and essayist; the symbolist poet Stéphane Mallarmé (1840–1898), who had a literary salon every Tuesday including the leading artists and writers of Paris; Octave Mirbeau (1848–1917); Anna de Noailles (1876–1933), poet and novelist; Charles Péguy (1873–1914), killed"
"of an English Opium-Eater"" (1821), Essayist William Hazlitt (1778–1830), friend of both Coleridge and Wordsworth, is best known today for his literary criticism, especially ""Characters of Shakespeare's Plays"" (1817–18). The second generation of Romantic poets includes Lord Byron (1788–1824), Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) and John Keats (1795–1821). Byron, however, was still influenced by 18th-century satirists and was, perhaps the least 'romantic' of the three, preferring ""the brilliant wit of Pope to what he called the 'wrong poetical system' of his Romantic contemporaries"". Byron achieved enormous fame and influence throughout Europe and Goethe called Byron ""undoubtedly the greatest genius of our"
"literature is impressive—especially on two literary giants, Shakespeare and Molière. Playwrights throughout history have looked to Plautus for character, plot, humor, and other elements of comedy. His influence ranges from similarities in idea to full literal translations woven into plays. The playwright's apparent familiarity with the absurdity of humanity and both the comedy and tragedy that stem from this absurdity have inspired succeeding playwrights centuries after his death. The most famous of these successors is Shakespeare—Plautus had a major influence on the Bard's early comedies. Plautus was apparently read in the 9th century. His form was too complex to be"
"Shakespeare's influence Shakespeare's influence extends from theatre and literature to present-day movies, Western philosophy, and the English language itself. William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the history of the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He transformed European theatre by expanding expectations about what could be accomplished through innovation in characterization, plot, language and genre. Shakespeare's writings have also impacted a large number of notable novelists and poets over the years, including Herman Melville Charles Dickens, and Maya Angelou, and continue to influence new authors even today. Shakespeare is the most quoted writer in the"
"language literature was considerable. The most significant French writers to come after him were generous with tributes; four years after his death, Arthur Rimbaud praised him in a letter as 'the king of poets, a true God'. In 1895, Stéphane Mallarmé published a sonnet in Baudelaire's memory, 'Le Tombeau de Charles Baudelaire'. Marcel Proust, in an essay published in 1922, stated that along with Alfred de Vigny, Baudelaire was 'the greatest poet of the nineteenth century'. In the English-speaking world, Edmund Wilson credited Baudelaire as providing an initial impetus for the Symbolist movement, by virtue of his translations of Poe."
"action, language, and visual composition. He is considered the ""father"" of modern Swedish literature and his ""The Red Room"" (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel. In Sweden, Strindberg is known as an essayist, painter, poet, and especially as a novelist and playwright, but in other countries he is known mostly as a playwright. The Royal Theatre rejected his first major play, ""Master Olof"", in 1872; it was not until 1881, at the age of thirty-two, that its première at the New Theatre gave him his theatrical breakthrough. In his plays ""The Father"" (1887), ""Miss Julie"""
"Rimbaud, Antoine de Rivarol, Ludwig Robert, Joseph Roth, Saint-John Perse, George Sand, Friedrich Schiller, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, Johanna Schopenhauer, Johann Gottfried Seume, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de Sévigné, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Georges Simenon, Tobias Smollett, Sir Richard Steele, Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Stendhal, Laurence Sterne, Christian zu Stolberg-Stolberg, Theodor Storm, August Strindberg, Madame Swetchine, Algernon Charles Swinburne, Jonathan Swift, John Millington Synge, Torquato Tasso, William Makepeace Thackeray, Gerhard Tersteegen, Dylan Thomas, J. R. R. Tolkien, Ludwig Tieck, Leo Tolstoy, Friedrich Torberg, Ivan Turgenev, Georg Trakl, Paul Valéry, Paul Verlaine, Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, Evelyn Waugh, Franz"
"comedies, and that writing continued until a few years after Hamnet's death, when his major tragedies were written. It is possible that his tragedies gained depth from his experience. Biographical readings, in which critics would try to connect passages in the plays and sonnets to specific events in Shakespeare's life, are at least as old as the Romantic period. Many famous writers, scholars, and critics from the 18th to the early 20th century pondered the connection between Hamnet's death and Shakespeare's plays. These scholars and critics included Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edward Dowden, and Dover Wilson, among others. In 1931, C."