"Vietnamese and Chinese descent. Sary changed his name from the Vietnamese Kim Trang when he joined the Khmer Rouge. He was the brother-in-law by marriage of the Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot (real name: Saloth Sar). Sary and Saloth Sar studied at Phnom Penh's Lycée Sisowath where their future wives, the sisters Khieu Thirith and Khieu Ponnary also studied. Before leaving Cambodia to study in Paris, Sary was engaged to Khieu Thirith. Sary and Saloth Sar also studied together in Paris. Whilst there, Sary rented an apartment in the Latin Quarter, a hotbed of student radicalism. He and Saloth Sar"
"El Hadj Umar Tall al-Hajj Umar ibn Sa'id al-Futi Tal (), (""c."" 1794–1864 ), Umar Saidou Tall, born in Futa Tooro, Senegambia, was a West African political leader, Islamic scholar, Tijani Sufi and Toucouleur military commander who founded a brief empire encompassing much of what is now Guinea, Senegal, and Mali. Umar Tall's name is spelled variously: in particular, his first name is commonly transliterated in French as ""Omar""; the patronymic, ""ibn Sa'id"", is often omitted; and the final element of his name, ""Tall"" (), is spelt variously as ""Taal"" or ""Tal"". The honorific ""El Hadj"" (also ""al-Hajj"" or ""el-Hadj""),"
"Alioune Sarr Alioune Sarr (September 1, 1908 – July 12, 2001 ) was a Senegalese historian, author and politician whose family gained prominence in the Serer precolonial Kingdom of Sine and Saloum around the 14th century. They also made up the """"sulbalƃe"""" class of Futa Toro (all in present-day Senegal). Sarr was born at Foundiougne. His father (Koly Samba Sarr) was a former Chief of Foundiougne, Gandoune, former head of the constituency of Ndiaye-Ndiaye and former Prime Minister of Diognick in Senegal. Although Sarr was a prominent politician like his father during the colonial era, he is best known as"
"The unpublished work of his relative, the Goréen - Jean-Pierre Sarr was lost and has never been found. Alioune Sarr Alioune Sarr (September 1, 1908 – July 12, 2001 ) was a Senegalese historian, author and politician whose family gained prominence in the Serer precolonial Kingdom of Sine and Saloum around the 14th century. They also made up the """"sulbalƃe"""" class of Futa Toro (all in present-day Senegal). Sarr was born at Foundiougne. His father (Koly Samba Sarr) was a former Chief of Foundiougne, Gandoune, former head of the constituency of Ndiaye-Ndiaye and former Prime Minister of Diognick in Senegal."
"Sart Sart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia and the Middle East, which has had shifting meanings over the centuries. Sarts, known sometimes as ""Ak-Sart"" in ancient times, did not have any particular ethnic identification, and were usually (though not always) town-dwellers. There are several theories about the origin of the term. It may be derived from the Sanskrit ""sarthavaha"" (merchant, caravan leader), a term supposedly used by nomads to describe towndwellers. It may be a corruption of the Sogdian ethnonym """"Soghd"""". The earliest known use of the term is in the 1070 Turkic text ""Kutadgu"
"Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (many variations: ""Mbégan Ndour"" or ""Mbegani Ndour"") was the first Serer king of the maternal clan Guelowar to have reigned in Saloum. He ruled from 1493. Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof was the last king of Saloum. He reigned from 1935 to 1969 - the year of his death. Maad Saloum Maad Saloum (variations :Maad a Saloum, Mad Saloum, Maat Saloum, Bour Saloum, Bur Saloum, etc.) means king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their kings bore the title ""Maad"" or"
"Maad Saloum Maad Saloum (variations :Maad a Saloum, Mad Saloum, Maat Saloum, Bour Saloum, Bur Saloum, etc.) means king of Saloum, in the Serer language. The ancient Kingdom of Saloum now part of present-day Senegal was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom. Their kings bore the title ""Maad"" or ""Mad"" (also ""Maat"" though rarely used). The royal title was sometimes used interchangeably with that of their ancient kings and landed gentry - the lamanes. From 1493 to 1969 (the Guelowar period, the last maternal dynasty in Saloum), at least forty-nine kings were crowned Maad Saloum (king of Saloum). During this Guelowar period,"
"Sarir Sarir or Serir was a medieval Christian state lasting from the 5th century to the 12th century in the mountainous regions of modern-day Dagestan. Its name is derived from the Arabic word for ""throne"" and refers to a golden throne that was viewed as a symbol of royal authority. Sarir was first documented as a political entity in the 5th century AD. The memory of its foundation was transmitted orally among the Caucasian Avars. According to one legend, the kingdom was established by a Persian general who was sent to control the Caucasus by a Sassanian king. This legend"
"Malikussaleh Malik ul Salih (Malik Al Saleh, Malik al Salih or Malik ul Saleh; Arabic: الملك الصالح) is an Arab who established the first Muslim state of Samudera Pasai in the year 1267. His original name was Mara Silu, Merah Silu, or Muerah Silu. It was said he saw an ant as big as a cat, he caught it and ate it. He named the place Samudera, meaning ocean in Sanskrit (samudra). King Mara Silu later converted to Islam, given an Ayyubid name of Malik Al-Salih. He married neighbour Perlak (Peureulak) Kingdom's daughter and had two sons. According to Hikayat"
"Kingdom of Sine The Kingdom of Sine (also: ""Sin, Siine"" or Siin in Serer-Sine language) was a pre-colonial Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. The inhabitants are called ""Siin-Siin"" or ""Sine-Sine"" (a Serer plural form or Serer-demonym, e.g. ""Bawol-Bawol"" and ""Saloum-Saloum"" / ""Saluum-Saluum"", inhabitants of Baol and Saloum respectively). According to the historian David Galvan, ""The oral historical record, written accounts by early Arab and European explorers, and physical anthropological evidence suggest that the various Serer peoples migrated south from the Fuuta Tooro region (Senegal River valley) beginning around the eleventh century,"
"of Palestinian suicide bombers. Rakad Salem Rakad Mahmoud Salameh Salem (; kunya, Abu Mahmoud) is an Iraqi-Palestinian politician and longtime Secretary-General of the Arab Liberation Front (ALF), an Iraqi-controlled Ba'thist faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). He was also editor-in-chief of the movement's monthly magazine, ""Sawt al-Jamahir"" (Arabic, ""Voice of the masses""). He lives in Bir Zeit in the West Bank, but was previously active in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War as commander of the ALF's military wing. He holds Iraqi citizenship. In 2001, he was arrested by Israeli forces on suspicion of having transferred money from the"
"numerous in places like old Baol, Sine, Saloum and in the Gambia, which was a colony of the Kingdom of Saloum. The Serer (also known as ""Seex"" or ""Sine-Sine"") occupy the Sine and Saloum areas (now part of modern-day independent Senegal). The Serer people include the ""Seex"" (Serer or Serer-Sine), Serer-Noon (sometimes spelt ""Serer-None"", ""Serer-Non"" or just ""Noon""), Serer-Ndut (also spelt ""N’doute""), Serer-Njeghene (sometimes spelt ""Serer-Dyegueme"" or ""Serer-Gyegem"" or ""Serer-N'Diéghem""), Serer-Safene, Serer-Niominka, Serer-Palor (also known as ""Falor"", ""Palar"", ""Siili"", ""Siili-Mantine"", ""Siili-Siili"", ""Waro"" or just ""Serer""), and the Serer-Laalaa (sometimes known as ""Laa"", ""La"" or ""Lâ"" or just ""Serer""). Each group"
"Salam Pax Salam Pax is the pseudonym of Salam Abdulmunem (), aka Salam al-Janabi (), under which he became the ""most famous blogger in the world"" during and after the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Along with a massive readership, his site ""Where is Raed?"" received notable media attention. The pseudonym consists of the word for ""peace"" in Arabic (""salām"") and in Latin (""pax""). His was one of the first instances of an individual's blog having a wide audience and impact. Salam Abdulmunem (the name he uses now, based on Abd al-Munim) was born to a well-to-do secular family in Baghdad"
"Shawar Shawar ibn Mujir al-Sa'di (; died January 18, 1169) was the ""de facto"" ruler of Fatimid Egypt, as vizier, from December 1162 until his assassination in 1169 by the general Shirkuh, the uncle of the Kurdish leader Saladin, with whom he was engaged in a three-way power struggle against the Crusader Amalric I of Jerusalem. Shawar was notorious for continually switching alliances, allying first with one side, and then the other, and even ordering the burning of his own capital city, Fustat, just so that the enemy could not have it. Shawar was the vizier at the end of"
"Yasser Arafat Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (; ; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ') or by his kunya Abu Ammar ( , '), was a Palestinian political leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004 and President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004. Ideologically an Arab nationalist, he was a founding member of the Fatah political party, which he led from 1959 until 2004. Arafat was born to Palestinian parents in Cairo, Egypt, where he spent"
"Saboktakin Saloor Saboktakin Saloor (October 26, 1923 - November 8, 1991) was a Persian journalist and historical novelist. He also wrote many popular serialized radio and television programs. His novels, which include ""Ghorbangah"", ""Bedoone Esgh Hargez"", ""Ghobad"" and ""Gharatgaran"" were suspenseful stories usually marked by themes of sacrifice, honour, and family tragedy. In 1980, following the Islamic revolution, he was forced to flee Iran as the environment was no longer safe for a journalist and author known for his glorification of Persian monarchical history. He settled in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and died there in 1991. Saloor had a passion for"
"Maalouf Maalouf (alternative spellings: Maloof, Malouf, Maluf, Malluf; Arabic: معلوف المعلوف) is an Arabic surname. The Maalouf family belongs to the group of tribes known as Ghassanids that emigrated from Yemen to Houran in modern Syria prior to the collapse of the Marib dam (Arabic: سد مأرب) around 102 AD The clan governed Houran and large surrounding regions for nearly 500 years until the Islamic conquest in 637 AD. After the arrival of Islam, some members converted to Islam while most remained Christian mainly Antiochian Eastern-Orthodox and Melkite Greek Catholic. Several prominent leaders received the special appellation of ""Maayuf"" (Arabic:"
"of the 15th century (c. 1494). For several centuries prior to its renaming, its capital was called ""Ngap"". According to Serer oral tradition, it was named after Saalum Suwareh, a marabout of Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (variation: Mbegani Ndour). The tradition went on to say that, Saalum Suwareh agreed to give a ""juju"" fetish to Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour (originally from the Kingdom of Sine) in order to defeat the Toucouleur conqueror and his Muslim marabouts provided he promised to rename the country after him once he is victorious. Mbegan Ndour agreed. After this oral contract, Mbegan Ndour defeated Ali"
"the pseudonym ""Salam Pax"" indeed lived in Iraq, that Salam was his real first (given) name, and that he was a 29-year-old architect. Subsequent entries discussed the chaotic postwar economy, and a June 1, 2003, post appeared to celebrate an anarchist effort, centered in the western Al-Adel Neighborhood of Baghdad, to provide free Internet access to all of Iraq. It turned out not to be instigated by political anarchists, but by Iraqis who ran the prewar Internet cafes in Baghdad for Uruknet, the former government ISP. In 2003 Atlantic Books, in association with ""The Guardian"", published a book based on"
"gigantism in the world. Sanakht Sanakht (also read as Hor-Sanakht) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Third Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. His chronological position is highly uncertain, and it is also unclear under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him. Many Egyptologists connect Sanakht with the Ramesside cartouche name ""Nebka"". However, this remains disputable, because no further royal title of that king was ever found; neither in contemporary sources, nor in later ones. There are two relief fragments depicting Sanakht that once originated from the Wadi Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula. Sanakht's identity"
"border with Kordofan. Modern historians hypothesize that the civil war between Kuuruu and Tunsam may be linked to the collapse of the Tunjur empire. Little is known of Sulaiman's reign beyond vague generalities. The traditions surrounding him were recorded two centuries later. Sulaiman's nickname ""Solong"" means ""the red-faced"" or ""the Arab"" in the Fur language, in reference either to his complexion or to his mother's origins. He is remembered as a warrior and conqueror who led 33 military campaigns, thereby transforming his Fur tribal kingdom into a multiethnic empire in succession to the Tunjur. He conquered Kordofan and for a"
"this article gained him some recognition, a more permanent impression was made by his work on Saadia Gaon and his times (published in the same journal in 1829), the first of a series of biographical works on the medieval Jewish sages. Because of this work he received recognition in the scholarly world and gained many enthusiastic friends, especially S. D. Luzzatto. After the fashion in rabbinic circles, Rapoport was known by an acronym ""Shir"", formed by the initial letters of his Hebrew name Shelomo Yehuda Rapoport (Shir literally means ""song"" in Hebrew). Leopold Greenwald quotes a letter from Mendel Mahr"
"Sanakht Sanakht (also read as Hor-Sanakht) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the Third Dynasty during the Old Kingdom. His chronological position is highly uncertain, and it is also unclear under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho could have listed him. Many Egyptologists connect Sanakht with the Ramesside cartouche name ""Nebka"". However, this remains disputable, because no further royal title of that king was ever found; neither in contemporary sources, nor in later ones. There are two relief fragments depicting Sanakht that once originated from the Wadi Maghareh on the Sinai Peninsula. Sanakht's identity and position in the"
"Saleh al-Arouri Saleh al-Arouri (Arabic: صالح العاروري), also transliterated as Salah al-Arouri, is a prominent leader of Hamas and founding commander of Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the Hamas military. He is regarded as, ""the military commander of the West Bank."" And as being, ""a capable, charismatic, suspicious, and shrewd operator, with excellent connections."" Al-Arouri founded the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. The government of the United States accuses al-Arouri of having been, ""a high-ranking Hamas military leader dating back to his role as a Hamas student cell leader at Hebron University in the early 1990s."" He also served as a recruiter,"
"Mahdi Amel Hassan Abdullah Hamdan (Arabic: حسن عبد الله حمدان), more commonly known by his pseudonym Mahdi 'Amel (Arabic: مهدي عامل), was an Arab Marxist intellectual and political activist in the second half of the 20th century. Mahdi was one of the most influential Marxist thinkers in the Arab world during his time; his work remains both influential and respected. The pseudonym, Mahdi Amel, comes from Jabal Amel, a predominantly Shiite mountainous region in southern Lebanon. 'Amil was a professor of philosophy at the Lebanese University in Beirut, and a prominent member of both the Lebanese Communist Party and the"
"Elibana and drove his Muslim marabout forces out of Saloum and reign over the country. Like the Kingdom of Sine, the population is overrun and ruled by the Serer people. The two are generally referred to as the Serer Kingdoms. Many parts of present-day Gambia were former colonies of the Kingdom of Saloum. Originally, Saloum extended south to the north banks of the Gambia River. Present-day Gambia was referred to as Lower Saloum. Upper Saloum was where modern day Saloum is in Senegal. Saloum also had control for a time the Kingdom of Baol. The States of Sabakh and Sandial"
"Rakad Salem Rakad Mahmoud Salameh Salem (; kunya, Abu Mahmoud) is an Iraqi-Palestinian politician and longtime Secretary-General of the Arab Liberation Front (ALF), an Iraqi-controlled Ba'thist faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). He was also editor-in-chief of the movement's monthly magazine, ""Sawt al-Jamahir"" (Arabic, ""Voice of the masses""). He lives in Bir Zeit in the West Bank, but was previously active in Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War as commander of the ALF's military wing. He holds Iraqi citizenship. In 2001, he was arrested by Israeli forces on suspicion of having transferred money from the Iraqi government to families"
"reference to his hometown, Pantanaw. In the Near East's Arab world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, Adunis, sometimes also spelled ""Adonis"". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in literature, he has been described as the greatest living poet of the Arab world. In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily a privilege of famous persons such as prominent writers, artists, entertainers, musicians and athletes. Some persons, such as the artists Vincent and Christo, the sculptor Chryssa, and the"
"a penal code, which, under the title of Kitab Dali or Dali's Book, is still preserved, and differs in some respects from Quranic law. Suleiman Solon (or ""Sulayman"", usually distinguished by the Fur epithet Solon, meaning ""the Arab"" or ""the Red"", Browne stated that he was of a Daju origins) reigned from 1603 to 1637, and was a great warrior and a devoted Muslim; he is considered as the founder of the Keira dynasty, note that the Fur people have no origins yet to know. O'Fahey (1982) states that they are originally Fartit brought from the Central Africa long ago."
"Cem (1459–1496, the renegade son of Turkish Sultan Mehmet II) settled in Malta and became the ancestor of all Maltese bearing the surname ""Said"" is a fantasy inspired by the writings of historical novelists Maurice Caron and John Freely and recently promoted by amateur genealogists. Today, francophone countries use transliterations of that name. These include the names Seydoux and Seydou, which are common in Europe and West Africa, respectively. Sa‘id Sa‘id (also spelled Saeed, Sa'eid, Said, Sid, or Sayid; , ) is a male Arabic given name, which means ""happy"". For the female version, see Saida; for the Turkish variant,"
"Simeon Kayyara Simeon Kayyara, also spelled Shimon Kiara (Hebrew: שמעון קיירא), was a Jewish-Babylonian halakhist of the first half of the 8th century. Although he lived during the Geonic period, he was never officially appointed as a Gaon, and therefore does not bear the title ""Gaon."" Rabbinic sources often refer to Kayyara as Bahag, an abbreviation of ""Ba'al Halakhot Gedolot"" (=""author of the ""Halakhot Gedolot""""), after his most important work. The early identification of his surname with ""Qahirah,"" the Arabic name of Cairo (founded 980), was shown by J.L. Rapoport to be impossible. Neubauer's suggestion of its identification with Qayyar"
"Maarouf Saad Maarouf Saad () (1910 or 1914–6 March 1975) was a Lebanese politician and activist. He served as Sidon's representative in the Parliament of Lebanon between 1957 and 1972. He founded the Popular Nasserite Organization in 1973. Saad was known to have a charismatic and populist relationship with the residents of Sidon and the adjacent Palestinian refugee camps, according to historian Samir Khalaf. Nonetheless, tensions developed between Saad and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the 1970s as they competed for influence in Sidon. Saad's assassination sparked the Lebanese Civil War, and he is considered by many historians the conflict's"
"Sulayman Bal Shaykh Sulayman Bal (died 1775) was an 18th-century African leader, warrior, and Islamic scholar, from the Futa Toro region in what is today western Mali. In the 1760s and 1770s, Sulayman Bal founded one of the earliest Fulani Jihad States. Inspired by the Jihads of Alfa Ibrahima Nuhu who led the Imamate of Futa Jallon from 1725, Sulayman Bal led a revolt in the Fulani Denyanke kingdom. Aimed at overthrowing the traditional aristocracy, the movement only succeeded after his death. In its place, a clerical oligarchy rose which quickly came into conflict with its neighbors. The Brakna Moors"