"Merriam-Webster's etymology, the origin of the word ""spinnaker"" is simply unknown. Spinnaker A spinnaker is a sail designed specifically for sailing off the wind from a reaching course to a downwind, i.e. with the wind 90°–180° off bow. The spinnaker fills with wind and balloons out in front of the boat when it is deployed, called ""flying"". It is constructed of lightweight fabric, usually nylon, and is often brightly coloured. It may be optimised for a particular range of wind angles, as either a reaching or a running spinnaker, by the shaping of the panels and seams. The spinnaker is"
"Genoa cake Genoa cake (also simply Genoa) is a fruit cake consisting of sultanas, currants or raisins, glacé cherries, almonds, and candied orange peel or essence, cooked in a batter of flour, eggs, butter and sugar. Although the name ""Genoa cake"" is mainly used in the UK, where recipes for it have been around since the 19th century, it is a variant of the Pandolce cake which originated in 16th century Genoa as a Christmas cake. Unlike Genoa cake, traditional Pandolce includes pine nuts as a major ingredient and uses yeast as its raising agent, which requires several hours to"
"the only one that should be used. Also, there are other species that were identified ""G. vittata"" at times, namely ""G. irradiata"" (by Thorell, 1859), ""G. sanguinolenta"" (by Keyserling, 1877) and ""G. transversa"" (as subspecies ""G. v. longicornis"" by Strand, 1907), further complicating the issue. Gasteracantha fornicata Gasteracantha fornicata (northern jewelled spider) is a species of spiny orb-weavers (family Araneidae) found in Queensland Australia. It is similar in shape to ""Austracantha minax"" which was originally described as ""Gasteracantha minax"". It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775, the first Australian species of spider to be named and classified. One"
"""P. runnegari"". Similarly the genus ""Jellia"" and its two species ""J. elliptica"" and ""J. ovata"", described by Li and Zhou in 1986, are also considered synonyms of ""P. runnegari"" as they fall into the rage of variation described for the species. The cryptic genus ""Buluniella"" and species ""B. borealis"" was described in 1986 by V. Jermak from three fossils found in Northern Siberia. The two right and one left disarticulated valves known show a slightly convexity of the hinge, central umbo and lack of a row of muscle scars were used to the genus from ""Fordilla"". The less distinct umbones"
"""Boulengerina"" and ""Paranaja"" into ""Naja"", as both are closely related to the forest cobra (""Naja melanoleuca""). Wallach et al. suggested recognition of four subgenera within ""Naja"": ""Naja"" for the Asiatic cobras, ""Boulengerina"" for the African forest, water and burrowing cobras, ""Uraeus"" for the Egyptian and Cape cobra group and ""Afronaja"" for the African spitting cobras. ""* Not including the nominate subspecies."" Naja Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes known as cobras. Several other genera include species commonly called cobras (for example the ring-necked spitting cobra and the king cobra), but members of the genus ""Naja"" are the most"
"9469. Genotypes 1a, 1E, 1F, 2A and 2B have been isolated in China. Genotype 1j has only been isolated from Japan and the Philippines. Genotype 1E is found in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe. Genotype 1G has been isolated in Belarus, Cote d'Ivoire and Uganda. Genotype 1C is endemic only in Central and South America. Genotype 2B has been isolated in South Africa. Genotype 2C has been isolated in Russia. Rubella virus Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, and is the cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of"
"professional herpetologists. Many species of snakes have been proposed for it, and Richard Lancelyn Green concludes the Indian Cobra (""Naja naja"") is the snake which it most closely resembles, rather than ""Boa constrictor"", which is not venomous. The Indian cobra has black and white speckled marks, and is one of the most lethal of the Indian venomous snakes with a neurotoxin which will often kill in a few minutes. It is also a good climber and is used by snake charmers in India. Snakes are deaf in the conventional sense but have vestiges to sense vibrations and low-frequency airborne sounds,"
"Jojoba Jojoba , with the botanical name Simmondsia chinensis, and also known as goat nut, deer nut, pignut, wild hazel, quinine nut, coffeeberry, and gray box bush, is native to Southwestern North America. ""Simmondsia chinensis"" is the sole species of the family Simmondsiaceae, placed in the order Caryophyllales. Jojoba is grown commercially to produce jojoba oil, a liquid wax ester extracted from its seed. The plant is a native shrub of the Sonoran Desert, Colorado Desert, Baja California Desert, and California chaparral and woodlands habitats in the Peninsular Ranges and San Jacinto Mountains. It is found in southern California, Arizona,"
"on their diploid chromosome number: ""Hylobates"" (44), ""Hoolock"" (38), ""Nomascus"" (52), and ""Symphalangus"" (50).There is an extinct fifth genus named ""Bunopithecus"" which is either a gibbon or gibbon-like ape. An extinct sixth genus, ""Junzi"", was identified in 2018 based on a partial skull found in China. Many gibbons are hard to identify based on fur coloration, so are identified either by song or genetics. These morphological ambiguities have led to hybrids in zoos. Zoos often receive gibbons of unknown origin, so they rely on morphological variation or labels that are impossible to verify to assign species and subspecies names, so"
"It is known under the synonyms: ""Gunnera chilensis"" Lam. and ""Gunnera scabra"" Ruiz & Pav. ""Gunnera tinctoria"" is a giant, clump-forming herbaceous perennial. The leaves can grow up to 2.5m across, cordate and palmate with up to 9-lobed margins. It has erect spikes of cone-shaped inflorescences (to 1m) from spring to early summer, with small flowers. The fruit is orange. The number of seeds is estimated from 80,000 per seedhead to 250,000 per plant. Not closely related to the garden rhubarb - which it resembles. Stream and roadsides. In parts of New Zealand the Chilean rhubarb has become a recognised"
"sida, strawberry and willow. Hypena scabra The green cloverworm or black snout (""Hypena scabra"") is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found from Canada south to Florida and Texas. It has also been reported from Great Britain. The wingspan is 25–35 mm. Adults are on wing from March to November or all year round in warmer regions. There are multiple generations per year. The larvae feed on low-growing legumes, including alfalfa, bean, clover, pea and soybean. They also feed on woody legumes such as false indigo and locust. Other reported hosts include birch, cherry, corn, elm, hackberry, New"
"Capra Grigia The Capra Grigia, , , is a rare and endangered indigenous breed of domestic goat from Switzerland. It originates in the valleys of the cantons of the Grisons or Graubünden in the eastern part of the country, and of Ticino or Tessin in the south. It is possibly related to the grey type of the Passeirer Gebirgsziege from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano in north-eastern Italy. Documentation of the Capra Grigia in the valleys of the Ticino and the Grisons goes back more than 100 years. Three regional types were distinguished: the Bleni-Valmaggia or Lavizzarer, the Liviner or"
"Gunnera Gunnera is the sole genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Gunneraceae, which contains 63 speceis. Some species have extremely large leaves. Species in the genus are variously native to Latin America, Australia, New Zealand, Papuasia, Hawaii, insular Southeast Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. The stalks of many species are edible, and a cultivar from South America is commonly eaten raw. The 40–50 species vary enormously in leaf size. The giant rhubarb, or Campos des Loges (""Gunnera manicata""), native to the Serra do Mar mountains of southeastern Brazil, is perhaps the largest species, with or sub-reniform leaves typically long,"
"species are usually accepted: The goats of the genus ""Capra"" have complex systematic relationships, which are still not completely resolved. Recent studies based on mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Siberian ibex and the Nubian ibex represent distinct species, which are not very closely related to the physically similar Alpine ibex. The Alpine ibex forms a group with the Spanish ibex. The West Caucasian tur appears to be more closely related to the wild goat than to the East Caucasian tur. The markhor is relatively little separated from other forms—previously it had been considered to be a separate branch of the"
"Gasteracantha fornicata Gasteracantha fornicata (northern jewelled spider) is a species of spiny orb-weavers (family Araneidae) found in Queensland Australia. It is similar in shape to ""Austracantha minax"" which was originally described as ""Gasteracantha minax"". It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775, the first Australian species of spider to be named and classified. One of the synonyms of the species is ""Gasteracantha vittata"", a name given to it by Ludwig Carl Christian Koch in 1871. However, it was later discovered that Fabricius had described the species earlier, and according to taxonomic rules, the earlier name has precedence and is"
"Gin Gin is liquor which derives its predominant flavour from juniper berries (""Juniperus communis""). Gin is one of the broadest categories of spirits, all of various origins, styles, and flavour profiles that revolve around juniper as a common ingredient. From its earliest origins in the Middle Ages, the drink has evolved from a herbal medicine to an object of commerce in the spirits industry. Gin was developed based on the older Dutch liquor, jenever, and became popular in Great Britain (particularly in London) when William of Orange became King William III of England. The earliest known written reference to genever"
"Alpinia Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants. Species of the genus are known generally as shell ginger. These herbs lack true stems, but have pseudostems usually up to about 3 meters long which are composed of the overlapping leaf sheaths. A few species have been known to reach 8 meters. They grow from thick"
"Group chimera cultivar, yellow with red spots. However, after that period there was some confusion and it found itself being used as a synonym for C. 'Austria' and its description was also confused with C. 'Roma'. Canna 'Yellow King Humbert' ""Canna"" 'Yellow King Humbert' Burbank is a medium sized Italian Group ""Canna"" cultivar; foliage green, but often variegated purple markings and occasionally whole leaves purple, oval shaped, spreading habit; oval stems, coloured green + purple; flower clusters are open, spotted, colours yellow with red spots, often large red markings and occasionally whole flowers red, staminodes are large; seed is sterile,"
"Naja Naja is a genus of venomous elapid snakes known as cobras. Several other genera include species commonly called cobras (for example the ring-necked spitting cobra and the king cobra), but members of the genus ""Naja"" are the most widespread and the most widely recognized as ""true"" cobras. Various species occur in regions throughout Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Until recently, the genus ""Naja"" had 20 to 22 species, but it has undergone several taxonomic revisions in recent years, so sources vary greatly. Wide support exists, though, for a 2009 revision that synonymised the genera ""Boulengerina"" and"
"Giovannolaia Giovanolaia is a subgenus of the genus ""Plasmodium"" created by Corradetti ""et al."" in 1963. The parasites within this subgenus infect birds. This subgenus was shown on the basis of DNA analysis to be polyphyletic. A revision of this subgenus on a morphological basis by Landua et al. moved several of the species in this subgenus into a new subgenus ""Papernaia"". Species in the subgenus ""Giovanolaia"" have the following characteristics: Schizonts contain plentiful cytoplasm, are larger than the host cell nucleus and frequently displace it. They are found only in mature erythrocytes. Gametocytes are elongated. Both gametocytes and schizonts"
"Latin ""gallina"", ""hen"" and the suffix ""-ago"", ""resembling"". The genus contains 17 species: This genus contains the majority of the world's snipe species, the other two extant genera being ""Coenocorypha"", with three species, and ""Lymnocryptes"", the jack snipe. Morphologically, they are all similar, with a very long slender bill and cryptic plumage. Most have distinctive displays, usually given at dawn or dusk. They search for invertebrates in the mud with a ""sewing-machine"" action of their long bills. Fossil bones of some undescribed ""Gallinago"" species most similar to the great snipe have been recovered in Late Miocene or Early Pliocene deposits"
"of JC virus samples has been useful in tracing the history of human migration. 14 subtypes or genotypes are recognised each associated with a specific geographical region. Three are found in Europe (a, b and c). A minor African type—Af1—occurs in Central and West Africa. The major African type—Af2—is found throughout Africa and also in West and South Asia. Several Asian types are recognised B1-a, B1-b, B1-d, B2, CY, MY and SC. An alternative numbering scheme numbers the genotypes 1–8 with additional lettering. Types 1 and 4 are found in Europe and in indigenous populations in northern Japan, North-East Siberia"
"have more advanced teeth like those of goats. A controversy exists about the recognition of Peleinae and Patholopinae, comprising the genera ""Pelea"" and ""Pantholops"" respectively, as subfamilies. In 2000, American biologist George Schaller and palaeontologist Elisabeth Vrba suggested the inclusion of ""Pelea"" in Reduncinae, though the grey rhebok, the sole species of ""Pelea"", is highly different from kobs and reduncines in morphology. ""Pantholops"", earlier classified in the Antilopinae, was later placed in its own subfamily, Pantholopinae. However, molecular and morphological analysis supports the inclusion of ""Pantholops"" in Caprinae. Below is a cladogram based on Gatesy et al. (1997) and Gentry"
"1758. He originally assigned the binomial name ""Coluber niveus"", but some ten years afterwards Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti described the genus of true cobras under the name ""Naja"". In 2007 Wüster ""et al."" partitioned the genus ""Naja"" into four separate subgenera on the basis of various factors such as lineage, morphology and diet. They placed ""Naja nivea"" in the subgenus ""Uraeus"", the African non-spitting cobras: the Cape cobra (""N. nivea""), the Egyptian cobra (""N. haje""), the snouted cobra (""N. annulifera""), Anchieta's cobra (""N. anchietae""), Arabian cobra (""N. arabica"") and Senegalese cobra (""N. senegalensis""). The Cape cobra is a medium-sized species of"
"known as ""Concinnia tenuis"" . Sphenomorphus The genus Sphenomorphus – vernacularly known as the common skinks – currently serves as a ""wastebin taxon"" for a large number of skinks. While most or all species presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as presently delimited is likely to be not monophyletic and is in need of review. Some species in this genus have been moved to ""Pinoyscincus"". The namesake of the ""Sphenomorphus"" group of Lygosominae genera, most species would probably occupy a rather basal position therein. """"Hinulia"" elegans"", described by Gray in 1838, is unidentified, but may be"
"The National Jenever Museums are located in Hasselt, Belgium, and Schiedam, the Netherlands. The name ""gin"" is a shortened form of the older English word ""genever"", related to the French word ""genièvre"" and the Dutch word ""jenever"". All ultimately derive from ""juniperus"", the Latin for juniper. Although several different styles of gin have evolved, it is legally differentiated into four categories in the European Union, which are described as follows. In the EU, the minimum bottled alcoholic strength for gin, distilled gin, and London gin is 37.5 per cent ABV. In the United States, gin is defined as an alcoholic"
"fleshy capsule. The plants are generally aromatic due to their essential oils. Most ""Alpinia"" are plants of forest understory habitat. Most are pollinated by large bees, but some are pollinated by birds and bats. This is the largest genus in the ginger family, with about 230 species. A number of those are commonly grown for their flowers, and others are used as spices. Species include: Alpinia Alpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and"
"there is a dark dorsal stripe. Capra Grigia The Capra Grigia, , , is a rare and endangered indigenous breed of domestic goat from Switzerland. It originates in the valleys of the cantons of the Grisons or Graubünden in the eastern part of the country, and of Ticino or Tessin in the south. It is possibly related to the grey type of the Passeirer Gebirgsziege from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano in north-eastern Italy. Documentation of the Capra Grigia in the valleys of the Ticino and the Grisons goes back more than 100 years. Three regional types were distinguished: the"
"make them safer from cannibalism. In one subfamily of Araneid that uses a mating thread, Gasteracanthinae, sexual cannibalism is apparently absent despite extreme size dimorphism. , the World Spider Catalog placed 172 genera (comprising over 3,100 species) in the family Araneidae. Orb-weaver spider Orb-weaver spiders or araneids are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields and forests. ""Orb"" was previously used in English to mean ""circular"", hence the English name of the group. Araneids have eight similar eyes, hairy or spiny legs, and no"
"Gonatodes Gonatodes is a genus of New World dwarf geckos of the family Sphaerodactylidae. The majority of the species in the genus ""Gonatodes"" are diurnally active, scansorial, and sexually dichromatic, with adult body size (snout-vent length) ranging from for known species. The diets of the various species of ""Gonatodes"" are composed mainly of very small arthropods. Clutch size is one, with most species producing several clutches per year, and some utilizing communal egg-laying sites. Most species are humid tropical forest dwelling (some in warm lowlands, and others in somewhat cooler montane regions), with relatively fewer species utilizing more open, drier"
"Like many grape varieties with a long history, the Barbera vine has seen mutation and clonal variation arise with different clones of the variety found in Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna and the Mezzogiorno. The different clones can be identified by the size and shape of their grape clusters with the smaller cluster clones producing the highest quality wine. In recent years, viticulturalists have been working with clonal selection to increase Barbera's resistance to the leafroll virus. Winemakers working with Barbera have a variety of ways to deal with the grape's high acidity and moderate astringency. The most common has been through"
"trees. Rollinia Rollinia is a genus of plants in the family Annonaceae. While it is widely recognised as a distinct genus a recent monograph advocates its inclusion in ""Annona"", which also contains custard apples and soursops. Some ""Rollinia"" species produce edible fruits, such as biriba (""Rollinia deliciosa""). The flavor of the fruit is similar to that of a lemon meringue pie. Ripe fruit is very soft and easily bruised, and cannot be stored for long periods of time. It is usually eaten fresh, but it is also occasionally used in Brazil to make wine. Biriba trees are small to medium"
"Gibbaeum Gibbaeum is a genus of about 21 species of small succulent plants of the family Aizoaceae, indigenous to the Little Karoo region of South Africa. The name ""Gibbaeum"" comes from the Latin ""gibbosus"" (hunchback) These dwarf succulents are characterized by distinctively asymmetrical pairs of leaves, mostly globular or sometimes thick and arcuate. The sizes of the leaves of each pair are nearly always different. Gibbaeums grow in clumps and produce pink or white flowers in spring. Genus ""Gibbaeum"" is predominantly indigenous to the Little Karoo region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A few species extend outside of"