"the term ""enharmonic keyboard"" more closely to keyboards with 29–31 keys per octave. Patrizio Barbieri (2007), in his turn, raised objection that this usage is not supported by early theoretical works. As for historical evidence, confusion has often reigned over the terminology of split-keyed instruments, which were called sometimes 'chromatic', sometimes 'enharmonic'. The builders (or persons who only projected the construction) of such keyboard instruments often gave them names without any reference to genus, like 'archicembalo' (Nicola Vicentino), 'cembalo pentarmonico' (Giovanni Battista Doni), 'Clavicymbalum universale' (Michael Praetorius) or even simply 'Clauocembalo' (that is clavicembalo; Gioseffo Zarlino). Some modern scholars (Christopher"
"nowadays it is used more as a decorative piece, rather than a musical instrument. Cimboa The cimboa (, also in São Vicente Creole, Capeverdean Creole of ALUPEK: ""simboa"" or ""simbua""), also known as the cimbó , is a musical instrument from Cape Verde. It is a bowed chordophone that was traditionally used to be played with the batuque dances. The ""cimboa"" is composed of the instrument proper and its bow. The instrument belongs to the lute family, and so it possesses a neck attached to a sound box. The sound box is made of a calebash, or when it is"
"Archicembalo The archicembalo (or arcicembalo, ) was a musical instrument described by Nicola Vicentino in 1555. This was a harpsichord built with many extra keys and strings, enabling experimentation in microtonality and just intonation. The archicembalo had two manuals, but unlike those on a normal harpsichord these two keyboards were used to provide extra pitches rather than a timbral difference. Both manuals contained all of the usual white and black keys, but in addition each black key was divided into two parts so that a distinction could be made between a sharp or flat note. The lower manual also included"
"Cimboa The cimboa (, also in São Vicente Creole, Capeverdean Creole of ALUPEK: ""simboa"" or ""simbua""), also known as the cimbó , is a musical instrument from Cape Verde. It is a bowed chordophone that was traditionally used to be played with the batuque dances. The ""cimboa"" is composed of the instrument proper and its bow. The instrument belongs to the lute family, and so it possesses a neck attached to a sound box. The sound box is made of a calebash, or when it is hard to find, with a coconut shell, with a soundboard of stretched kid skin,"
"Cimbalom The cimbalom is a type of chordophone composed of a large, trapezoidal box with metal strings stretched across its top. It is a musical instrument commonly found in the group of Central-Eastern European nations and cultures, namely contemporary Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Croatia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland. It is also popular in Greece and in gypsy music. The cimbalom is (typically) played by striking two beaters against the strings. The steel treble strings are arranged in groups of 4 and are tuned in unison. The bass strings which are over-spun with copper, are arranged in groups of"
"as an instrument ""with a keyboard of two octaves, of triangular form, with one of the three sides curved."" The work of Henri-Arnault de Zwolle (between 1438 and 1446) describes the clavicymbalum as one of the ""three types"" of keyboard instruments, along with the ""dulce melos"" (an early piano) and the clavicordium (clavichord). Clavicymbalum The clavicymbalum (or clavisymbalum, clavisimbalum, etc.) is an early keyboard instrument and ancestor of the harpsichord. The instrument is described as a psaltery to which keys, but no dampers, have been attached, allowing the keys rather than the fingers to pluck the strings, which then ring"
"usual meantone temperament for the first row of upper keys with C#, Eb, F#, G# and Bb. Archicembalo The archicembalo (or arcicembalo, ) was a musical instrument described by Nicola Vicentino in 1555. This was a harpsichord built with many extra keys and strings, enabling experimentation in microtonality and just intonation. The archicembalo had two manuals, but unlike those on a normal harpsichord these two keyboards were used to provide extra pitches rather than a timbral difference. Both manuals contained all of the usual white and black keys, but in addition each black key was divided into two parts so"
"Clavicymbalum The clavicymbalum (or clavisymbalum, clavisimbalum, etc.) is an early keyboard instrument and ancestor of the harpsichord. The instrument is described as a psaltery to which keys, but no dampers, have been attached, allowing the keys rather than the fingers to pluck the strings, which then ring until their sound fades out. (The illustration on this page does not show the clavicymbalum just described. Rather, it shows a much later instrument on which the strings were played by multiple revolving, round bows.) One of its earliest attestations is a 1323 work by Johannes de Muris, where it describes a ""monochordium"""
"""warm, rich palette"", cocobolo is used to make musical instruments, such as oboes, flutes and clarinets--especially boutique, custom barrel joints for B-flat clarinets. Other woodwind instruments, such as bagpipes, (even the bagpipes' chanter's more basic relatives, duck and goose calls) have been successfully made using cocobolo instead of the orchestral and Celtic instruments' customary mpingo, or African blackwood, known in the trade as grenadilla. Additionally, cocobolo has been used to make fingerboards, as well as entire necks and bodies of guitars and bass guitars, having been employed as a substitute for Brazilian Rosewood since that fellow Dalbergia member was CITES"
"(the crab), el ""chenche matriculado"" (the chenche enrolled), etc. The ""salve"", which in the words of the U.S. ethnomusicologist Martha Davis, is the most typical of the traditional Dominican genres, has two styles: one distinctly Spanish, amétrico and antiphonal, and another polyrhythmic, strongly hybridized between the Spanish and African styles. Among African instruments are the ""los palos"" (the sticks), ""balsié"", and the ""gallumba"". It is important to also mark other musical instruments Dominicans of African origin such as the Palo mayor (mainmast), the canoita, los timbales (present in the bachata, also called bongos), and the tambora (Key instrument in the"
"to be the greatest proponent and interpreter of the jibaro music. Odilio Gonzalez, a singer of jíbaro music and original from the mountain town Lares, adopted the pseudonym of ""El Jíbaro de Lares"" (the Jíbaro from Lares), and published many LPs with the name proudly plastered prominently on their covers. Jíbaro music is characterized by the use of the cuatro, guitar, and güiro. Maracas, bongos, congas and cowbells are also commonly used in addition to the three base instruments. There are 4 sub-genres of the jibaro music: ""aguinaldo"" (traditional Christmas songs), ""seis"" (introduced by Spanish colonizers), ""cadena"" and ""caballo"". Jíbaro"
"Cymbal A cymbal is a common percussion instrument. Often used in pairs, cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various alloys. The majority of cymbals are of indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note (see: crotales). Cymbals are used in many ensembles ranging from the orchestra, percussion ensembles, jazz bands, heavy metal bands, and marching groups. Drum kits usually incorporate at least a crash, ride, or crash/ride, and a pair of hi-hat cymbals. A player of cymbals is known as a cymbalist. The word cymbal is derived from the Latin ""cymbalum"", which"
"a style of music called . The music of the Otavalo people is well known worldwide. A small panpipe called the ""rondador"" is the most distinctive instrument, but ensembles are typically groups of wind instruments, guitar trios, or brass bands. Folk rhythms include ""cachullapi"", ""yumbo"", and danzante. Musicians like Huayanay have helped to popularize Andean-Ecuadoran music. Afro-Ecuadorian music is mainly of two types. ""Marimba"" music comes from Esmeraldas, and gets its name from the prominent use of ""marimba""s, along with drums and other instruments specific to this region such as the ""bombo"", the ""cununo"" and the ""wasa"". Sometimes this music"
"Timbales Timbales () or pailas are shallow single-headed drums with metal casing. They are shallower than single-headed tom-toms, and usually tuned much higher, especially for their size. The player (called a ""timbalero"") uses a variety of stick strokes, rim shots, and rolls to produce a wide range of percussive expression during solos and at transitional sections of music, and usually plays the shells of the drum or auxiliary percussion such as a cowbell or cymbal to keep time in other parts of the song. The shells are referred to as ""cáscara"" (the Spanish word for ""shell""), which is also the"
"Cromorne Cromorne is a French woodwind reed instrument of uncertain identity, used in the early Baroque period in French court music. The name is sometimes confused with the similar-sounding name crumhorn, a musical woodwind instrument probably of different design, called ""tournebout"" by French theorists in the 17th century (; ). By contrast, the crumhorn (also known by names including ""crum horn"", ""crumm horn"", ""Krummhorn"", ""Krummpfeife"", ""Kumbhorn"", ""cornamuto torto"", and ""piva torto"") is a capped double-reed instrument usually shaped like a letter ""J"" and possessing a rather small melodic range spanning a ninth (i.e. just over an octave) unless extended downward"
"Timbau The timbau or Brazilian timbal is a membranophone instrument derived from the caxambu drum, usually played with both hands. Slightly conical and of varying sizes, it is usually light in weight and made of lacquered wood or metal (usually aluminum) with a tunable nylon head. It is in the shape of an ice cream cone with the top and the point cut off. The drum is most often found in Bahia, originating in Salvador, Bahia, and is used mainly to play Afro-Brazilian rhythms, such as axé and samba-reggae. It is played in a similar manner to the atabaque, a"
"go carolling. A traditional instrument used is a makeshift tambourine made of several ""tansan"" (aluminium bottle caps) strung on some wire. Carollers solicit homeowners with the chant """"Namamasko po!"""" (approx. ""wassailing!""), and after singing wait to be rewarded with ""aguinaldo"". Aguinaldo or Serenal is a music genre used in Parang (Parranda) a type of Christmas music that came to Trinidad and Tobago from Venezuela. Singers and instrumentalists (collectively known as ""parranderos"") travel from house to house in the community, often joined by friends and neighbours family, using whatever instruments are to hand. Popular parang instruments include the cuatro and maracas"
"Clavichord The clavichord is a European stringed rectangular keyboard instrument that was used largely in the Late Middle Ages, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. Historically, it was mostly used as a practice instrument and as an aid to composition, not being loud enough for larger performances. The clavichord produces sound by striking brass or iron strings with small metal blades called tangents. Vibrations are transmitted through the bridge(s) to the soundboard. The name is derived from the Latin word ""clavis"", meaning ""key"" (associated with more common ""clavus"", meaning ""nail, rod, etc."") and ""chorda"" (from Greek χορδή) meaning ""string,"
"Marímbula The marímbula () is a plucked box musical instrument of the Caribbean. In Cuba it is common in the changüí genre, as well as old styles of son. In Mexico, where it is known as marimbol is played in son jarocho; in the Dominican Republic, where it is known as marimba, it is played in merengue típico, and in Jamaica it is known as rumba box and played in mento. Unlike typical African lamellophones, such as the mbira, used to produce complex polyphony and polyrhythms, the marimbula usually plays the role of a bass guitar, i.e. providing the rhythmic"
"Sertanejo (and Caipira) music, which originated in the centre-west and south-east of Brazil and subsequently has gained popularity throughout the country. The accordion is also a traditional instrument in Colombia, commonly associated with the vallenato and cumbia genres. The accordion has been used by tropipop musicians such as Carlos Vives, Andrés Cabas, Fonseca (singer) and Bacilos, as well as rock musicians such as Juanes and pop musicians as Shakira. Vallenato, who emerged in the early twentieth century in a city known as Valledupar, and have come to symbolize the folk music of Colombia. Every year in April, Colombia holds one"
"use classical position. Flamenco is commonly played using a ""cejilla"" (capo) which raises the pitch and causes the guitar to sound sharper and more percussive. However, the main purpose in using a ""cejilla"" is to change the key of the guitar to match the singer’s vocal range. Because Flamenco is an improvisational musical form that uses common structures and chord sequences, the capo makes it easier for players who have never played together before to do so. Rather than transcribe to another key each time the singer changes, the player can move the capo and use the same chord positions."
"Flabiol The flabiol () is a Catalan woodwind musical instrument of the family known as ""fipple flutes"". It is one of the 12 instruments of the cobla. The flabiol measures about 25 centimeters in length and has five or six holes on its front face and three underneath. The two main types are the ""dry flabiol"" without keys, usually made of a hardwood such as bubinga, and the keyed flabiol, used in coblas for sardana dances and in other folk music ensembles. The flabiol is normally played by the left hand while the player uses the right hand to beat"
"Tremolo In music, tremolo (), or tremolando (), is a trembling effect. There are two types of tremolo. The first is a rapid reiteration: A second type of tremolo is a variation in amplitude: Some electric guitars use a (misnamed) lever called a ""tremolo arm"" or ""whammy bar"" that allows a performer to lower or raise the pitch of a note or chord, an effect properly termed vibrato or ""pitch bend"". This non-standard use of the term ""tremolo"" refers to pitch rather than amplitude. True tremolo for an electric guitar, electronic organ, or any electronic signal would normally be produced"
"this instrument include Meinl Percussion foot pedal. Cabasa The cabasa, similar to the shekere, is a percussion instrument that is constructed with loops of steel ball chain wrapped around a wide cylinder. The cylinder is fixed to a long, narrow wooden or plastic handle. The cabasa of gourd was originally of African origin. The African original version of the Cabasa is called, ""agbe"", and is constructed from dried oval- or pear-shaped gourds with beads strung on the outer surface. There are many versions of this instrument, particularly in Latin music. ""Cabaça (""pictured), is used in Latin American Dance. The ""Cabaça"""
"scraper, are also used as accompaniment. Less common instruments found in Barlovento and along the coast include the ""marimbola,"" a large bass ""thumb-piano"" derived from the African ""kalimba;"" the ""carángano,"" a musical bow similar to the Brazilian ""berimbau;"" and the ""marimba barloventeña,"" a large mouth-bow (Aretz 1967). As in other parts of Venezuela, the four-stringed cuatro is extremely common. In addition to musical, dance, and costume traditions, oral lore forms an essential part of Afro-Venezuelan expressive culture. Some of the best-known tales in Afro-Venezuelan oratory center around the exploits of Tío Conejo (Uncle Rabbit), who manages to outwit Tío Tigre"
"Calypso-style baila Calypso-style baila is a genre of Sri Lankan music. It grew out of Sri Lankan musicians' fascination with the music of the Caribbean in the 1960s, particularly Harry Belafonte and calypso music. It typically uses acoustic guitars, rhumba shakers and conga/bongo drums. Sri Lankan groups such as Los Cabelleros led by Neville Fernando (first ever Sinhala pop group), Las Bambas, The Humming Birds, Los Muchachos, and The Moonstones (whose members included Annesley Malewana and Clarence Wijewardane) practiced this music, which melded Caribbean rhythms to traditional Sri Lankan ""baila"" music. Noel Ranasinghe's Le Ceylonians became the most famous group"
"include the marimba and others common across Central America. The marimba of Nicaragua is played by a sitting performer holding the instrument on his knees. He is usually accompanied by a bass fiddle, guitar and guitarrilla (a small guitar like a mandolin). This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. The marimba is made with hardwood plates placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. It is played with two or four hammers. The Caribbean coast of Nicaragua is known for a lively, sensual form of dance music called ""Palo de Mayo"" which is"
"out of several mallets in a wooden frame. Tambourines (""tamburini"", ""tamburello""), as are various kinds of drums, such as the friction drum ""putipù"". The Tamburello, while appearing very similar to the contemporary western tambourine, is actually played with a much more articulate and sophisticated technique (influenced by Middle Eastern playing), giving it a wide range of sounds. The mouth-harp, ""scacciapensieri"" or ""care-chaser"", is a distinctive instrument, found only in northern Italy and Sicily. Calabria, alone, has 30 traditional musical instruments, some of which have strongly archaic characteristics and are largely extinct elsewhere in Italy. It is home to the four-"
"the globe. Throughout central and eastern Europe they are referred to as ""cimbalom"" (cymbalom, cymbalum, tsymbaly, tsimbl, țambal, cimbál, cimbale etc.). These instruments can differ from each other in size, tuning, number of strings and method of holding and moving the hammers or ""beaters"". They are smaller and more portable than the concert cimbalom. In performance they were (or are) often carried by a single musician: typically using a strap around the player's neck and leaning one edge of the instrument against the waist. Like the concert cimbalom, the folk hammered dulcimer / small cimbalom is played by striking the"
"Instruments were also made by the Chernihiv Musical Instrument Factory. These instruments were designed by Ivan Skliar aided by O. Nezovybat'ko. They were made in 3 sizes: prima, alto and bass. Some notable Ukrainian ""tsymbaly"" players are: Tsymbaly The tsymbaly () is the Ukrainian version of the hammer dulcimer. It is a chordophone made up of a trapezoidal box with metal (steel or bronze) strings strung across it. The tsymbaly is played by striking two beaters against the strings. The strings are strung in groups of 3-5, which are tuned in unison. The bass strings may have 1 or 2"
"accompanied by a bass fiddle, guitar and guitarrilla (a small guitar similar to a mandolin). This music is played at social functions as a sort of background music. The marimba is made with hardwood plates, placed over bamboo or metal tubes of varying lengths. It is played with two or four hammers. Indigenous theater groups performed with music and dance. Theatrical manifestations include the Elegant Knights of Huaco Bull and the UNESCO proclaimed masterpiece, ""El Güegüense"", among many others. One of the most prominent composers from Nicaragua is the leonés musician José de la Cruz Mena (1874-1907). He wrote a"
"Caña de millo The caña de millo, flauta de millo or pito atravesao is a woodwind musical instrument of indigenous origin used in the cumbia music of Colombia's Caribbean coast. It is made of ""carrizo"" cane (Phragmites australis), palm, millet, sorghum, or similar stalks, forming a tube open at both ends, with a vibrating tongue (reed) cut of the same material as the tube, with four fingerholes. It is played transverse, and used by folkloric musical ensembles called ""grupos de millo"". The ""caña de millo"" replaces the ""kuisi"" (or ""gaita"") in regions of the Colombian departments of Atlántico and Magdalena."
"of wood, and the one used to strike the cymbal is made of metal. Bukhalo The bukhalo (Ukrainian folk drum kit based on a bass drum) is a type of large drum often used in dance music, particularly popular in Western Ukraine and Balkan brass. It is fixed to the player with a belt so that the performer can also dance and move about when needed. The bukhalo is struck with a stick and often has a cymbal joined to the side of the instrument which is struck by a metal rod, or another cymbal, to produce unexpected rhythmic devices."