"Afghanistan–Russia relations Afghanistan–Russia relations () refers to the relations between the nations of Afghanistan and Russia. These relations are independent of the ""Great Game"" which consists of Russian-British confrontations over Afghanistan since 1840. Relations were strained by Soviet Russia's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. This invasion precipitated a negative reaction in most of the Muslim world, contributing to a decline in Afghanistan's prosperity and a strengthening of radical elements within the country. However, Russo-Afghan relations have improved somewhat in the years following the conflict. Russia now has an embassy in Kabul and a consulate-general in Mazar-e-Sharif, and Afghanistan has an"
"December 1980); as the Russian Federation by Dominica (11 March 1993), Cuba (29 July 1994), Antigua and Barbuda (6 November 1996), Malaysia (1998), Namibia (August 2001), Morocco (13 June 2005), Botswana (5 December 2006), Thailand (24 March 2007), Swaziland (12 June 2007), Laos (1 September 2007), Philippines (19 September 2007), Ecuador (20 June 2008), Israel (20 September 2008), Vietnam (1 January 2009), Nicaragua (19 March 2009), Venezuela (6 March 2009), El Salvador and Honduras (31 March 2009), Bahamas (1 April 2009), Guatemala (1 April 2009), Colombia (20 April 2009), Argentina (29 June 2009), Hong Kong (1 July 2009), Northern Mariana"
"the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. First, the Soviet belief that Afghanistan had strategic importance for the security of their borders. This belief was consistent with longstanding Russian foreign policy that emphasized security through expansionism and the establishment of physical barriers in the form of buffer states. The second reason for invasion was the possibility of interrupting Chinese and American efforts to establish greater political influence in Afghanistan before Soviet intervention would entail direct confrontation of those two rival powers. The third reason was to enforce the dominance of Marxist–Leninist revolutionary ideals, above the emergent Nationalist Islamic ideology in"
"with the self-declared Republic of Crimea, annexing it into the Russian Federation as two federal subjects: the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Though Russia had control over the peninsula, sovereignty was disputed as Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider the annexation illegal, as was shown by the United Nations General Assembly adopting a non-binding resolution calling upon states ""not to recognise changes to the integrity of Ukraine"". A range of international sanctions have remained in place against Russia and a number of named individuals as a result of the events of 2014. Russia"
"focused on major issues: signing a peace treaty with Russia, and renewing the Japanese economy. However, he died soon afterwards. In March 2014, following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Japan imposed several sanctions against Russia, which included halting consultations on easing the visa regulations between the two countries and suspension of talks on investment cooperation, joint space exploration and prevention of dangerous military activity. In June 2018, Japan’s Princess Hisako Takamado travelled to Russia to cheer on her national team at the FIFA World Cup. She is the first member of the Imperial family to come to Russia since 1916. On"
"Mongolia (resumed from 14 November 2014), Tunisia (1 December 2014), Turks and Caicos (2006 – September 2011, resumed in April 2015), Nauru (14 May 2015), Indonesia (10 June 2015), Bolivia (3 October 2016), Senegal (resumed in December 2016), South Africa (30 March 2017), São Tomé and Príncipe (25 April 2017), Brunei (8 January 2018) and Taiwan (6 September 2018). Mexico has introduced Electronic Authorization for Russian citizens from 1 November 2010. Visas on arrival were introduced by Iran (July 2005), Zimbabwe (20 November 2007), Bahrain (November 2008), Guinea-Bissau (April 2012), United Arab Emirates (1 February 2017), Mozambique (resumed in February"
"or temporarily not applied. Russia has concluded agreements that facilitate procedures for issuing visas to both Russian citizens and citizens of the partner jurisdiction on a reciprocal basis. Such agreements are in force with the following countries or political associations: Russia has agreements on cancellation of consular fees, for execution of visas, with the following countries: Algeria (1965), Angola (15 Apr 1985), Cambodia (26 Sep 1983), Iran (15 Feb 1966), Japan (1 Apr 1965), Mauritania (1967), New Zealand (1 Apr 1962). <br> Agreements were denounced in 2017–2018 with Bangladesh and Pakistan. The Russian visa is a machine-readable document, which is"
"that in 1999 Russia committed to fully withdraw its armed forces from Moldova and Georgia at the Istanbul Summit. ""Unfortunately, these essential commitments have not been fully implemented, even ten years later: the so-called Russian “peacekeepers” are still dislocated in the Moldovan region of Transnistria, Russia has occupied a part of the Georgian territory: Abkhazia and South Ossetia Regions. Russian military infrastructure is being actively developed in these Georgian regions."" The first European country to officially recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia as the territories under Russian military occupation, became Lithuania. The Lithuanian Seimas adopted a resolution condemning Russian occupation of"
"such as by Tun Abdul Razak in 1972, Tun Hussein Onn in 1979 and Mahathir Mohamad in 1987. Since Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985, relations between the two countries have improved significantly with Mahathir met Gorbachev several times. The close relations are being maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991. In the modern times, several visits have been made between each other leaders. Tuanku Ja'afar made an unofficial visit to St. Petersburg in May 1997. In 1999, Mahathir made a working visit to the Russian regions of Khabarovsk Krai and Buryatia. Another visit"
"supporters of Bandera."" Abkhazia and South Ossetia mutually recognise one another as independent states, and both are also recognised by two other Russia-backed non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh and Transnistria. Only five United Nations member states recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia: Nauru, Nicaragua, Russia, Syria, and Venezuela. On 19 September 2008, Hryhoriy Omelchenko (, member of Verkhovna Rada from Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, declared that Russia attacked Georgia without a declaration of war and occupied the Georgian territories. He said that: ""Therefore, according to international legal norms, Russian Federation is an aggressor, invader and occupant."" He called for respect for inviolability of"
"2017), Qatar (22 June 2017), Gabon (12 October 2017), Rwanda (1 January 2018), and Benin (15 March 2018). Russian citizens were made eligible for eVisas by Singapore (December 2009), Sri Lanka (January 2012), Montserrat (September 2012), São Tomé and Príncipe (2012), Myanmar (1 September 2014), India made Russian citizens eligible for the e-Visa (27 November 2014), Kenya (2 July 2015), Gabon (15 June 2015), Australia (Electronic Visitor visa from 1 October 2015), Lesotho (1 May 2017), Saint Helena (2018), Djibouti (18 February 2018), Oman (7 May 2018) and Tanzania (26 November 2018). The following countries/territories have reinstated visa requirements for"
"Sudan, Syria, Venezuela and Zimbabwe, as well as Russia, voted against. Among the abstaining countries were China, India, and Brazil; Israel was among the countries listed as absent. RT reported that Western countries resorted to ""political blackmail and economic threats"" to coerce diplomats to vote for the resolution, whereas Reuters reported per anonymous UN diplomats, the Russian delegation threatened punitive action against certain Eastern European and Central Asian countries if they supported the resolution. Republic of Crimea The Republic of Crimea (; , ""Respublika Krym"" ; , ""Respublika Krym""; , ""Qırım Cumhuriyeti"") is a federal subject of Russia that is"
"and Integration, which in article 6, paragraph 4, ""abolished restrictions on the length of stay of citizens[...] on mutual visa-free trips of citizens[...]"". The Treaty entered into force on 30 July 2015. Azerbaijan and Ukraine refused to sign the multilateral agreement on travel. In 1997, under individual agreements, citizens of these countries have the right to enter the territory of Russia's without visas for unlimited periods of time. Azerbaijan. Until 1997, the entry regime between Azerbaijan and Russia wasn't established legally. Azerbaijani citizens could stay in Russia, without visas, with all types of documents indefinitely, subject to the rules of"
"Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan. Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Taiwan,"
"Autonomous Republic of Crimea The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (, ""Avtonomna Respublika Krym""; , ""Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym""; , ""Къырым Мухтар Джумхуриети"", ""Ҡырым Мухтар Җумхуриети;"" Romanian: ""Republica Autonomă Crimeea""), an autonomous republic of Russia encompassing most of Crimea, was annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014. Crimea had previously been under Russian control from 1783 until 1954 when it was transferred, within the USSR, from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. Later, following a referendum on 20 January 1991, it was upgraded to the status of an autonomous republic within the Ukrainian SSR. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991"
"government with tens of thousands of Kalashnikov rifles and millions of rounds of ammunition. Moscow has already launched several efforts at diplomacy. Between December 2016 and April 2017, Russia hosted three rounds of talks involving China, Iran, and Pakistan. In the third round, it included Afghanistan, as well. Afghanistan–Russia relations Afghanistan–Russia relations () refers to the relations between the nations of Afghanistan and Russia. These relations are independent of the ""Great Game"" which consists of Russian-British confrontations over Afghanistan since 1840. Relations were strained by Soviet Russia's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. This invasion precipitated a negative reaction in most"
"the Soviets in 1979: We immediately launched a twofold process when we heard that the Soviets had entered Afghanistan. The first involved direct reactions and sanctions focused on the Soviet Union, and both the State Department and the National Security Council prepared long lists of sanctions to be adopted, of steps to be taken to increase the international costs to the Soviet Union of their actions. And the second course of action led to my going to Pakistan a month or so after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, for the purpose of coordinating with the Pakistanis a joint response, the"
"Managua with President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega. Laguna de Nejapa, a volcanic crater in Managua, will host a GLONASS satellite site, and may be used for signals intelligence. Nicaragua–Russia relations Nicaragua–Russia relations are the relationships between the two countries, Russia and Nicaragua. Diplomatic missions were signed on October 18, 1979, between Nicaragua and the Soviet Union a few months after the Sandinista revolution. Russia is sole successor to the Soviet Union, so ties have naturally continued with Russia since the Belavezha Accords. Russia has an embassy in Managua. Nicaragua has an embassy in Moscow. During the 1980s, the Soviet Union"
"the country. Strong cultural influence from Persian exist in Japan as well as in Korea. In 1878, Japanese ambassador to Russia, Enomoto Takeaki, was received in a formal audience in Saint Petersburg by Persian King Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar. However, formal diplomatic relations were not established until 1929. A Treaty of Amity was signed between Iran and Japan in 1939, and cordial relations were maintained during World War II until 1942, when the Allies invaded Persia. Formal diplomatic relations were restored in 1953 after the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco. Iran and Japan signed a visa-free travel arrangement"
"Georgia. Russian deputy Foreign Minister Grigory Karasin claimed that the abolition of the law would ""create a favorable environment for cultural exchanges, above all for tourist trips"". Currently 20% of Georgia's internationally recognized territory is under Russian military occupation. Russia does not allow the EUMM monitors to enter South Ossetia and Abkhazia in violation of the Six Point Ceasefire Agreement. The United States Department of State published The Human Rights Report in 2011 where it is underlined that ""de facto"" authorities of Abkhazia and South Ossetia are supported by several thousand occupying Russian troops since 2008. The ""de facto"" Abkhaz"
"still maintains an embassy in Harare. Both Russia and China still maintain strong economic and political ties with Zimbabwe and both countries had vetoed the UN resolution imposing UN sanctions on Zimbabwe which was proposed by both the US and the UK on July 12, 2008. Russia–Zimbabwe relations Russia – Zimbabwe relations () date back to January 1979, during the Rhodesian Bush War. The Soviet Union supported Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union, and supplied them with arms; Robert Mugabe's attempts to gain Soviet support for his Zimbabwe African National Union were rebuffed, leading him to enter into relations with"
"ultimately condemned Iraq's actions, and moved to drive out Iraqi forces. Authorized by the UNSC, an American-led coalition of 34 nations fought the Gulf War to reinstate the Kuwaiti Emir. Iraq's invasion (and annexation) was deemed illegal and Kuwait remains an independent nation today. In March 2014, Russia annexed most of the Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and administers the territory as two federal subjects — the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. Russia rejects the view that this was an annexation and regard it as an accession to the Russian Federation of a state that had"
"1979—reiterated as late as September 29, 1979—was that ""Moscow would not intervene in force even if it appeared likely that the Khalq government was about to collapse."" Indeed, Carter's diary entries from November 1979 until the Soviet invasion in late December contain only two short references to Afghanistan, and are instead preoccupied with the ongoing hostage crisis in Iran. In the West, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was considered a threat to global security and the oil supplies of the Persian Gulf. Moreover, the failure to accurately predict Soviet intentions caused American officials to reappraise the Soviet threat to both"
"direct result and consequence of the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories became now part of Russia for around the next 180 years, except Dagestan, which remained a Russian possession ever since. Out of the greater part of the territory, three separate nations would be formed through the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. In the aftermath of the war and signing of the treaty, anti-Russian sentiment in Persia was rampant. On 11 February 1829, an angry mob stormed the Russian embassy in Tehran and slaughtered almost everyone inside. Among those killed in the"
"to conduct three counterinsurgency wars at the same time, in three different theatres of operations separated by thousands of kilometers. For these operations, Portugal developed its own counterinsurgency doctrine. The most familiar Russian counterinsurgency is the War in Afghanistan from 1979-1989. However, throughout the history of Czarist Russian, the Russians fought many counterinsurgencies as new Caucasian and Central Asian territory were occupied. It was in these conflicts that the Russians developed the following counterinsurgency tactics: These tactics, generally speaking, were carried over into Soviet use following the 1917 revolution for the most part, say for the integration of political-military command."
"of Macedonia in Russia, without visas, for 30 days, and for 90 days for holders of diplomatic and service passports. Montenegro. On 21 November 2008, an agreement took effect that allowed citizens of Montenegro in Russia, without visas, for 30 days, and for 90 days for holders of diplomatic and service passports. Slovenia. Visas governed by the Yugoslavian agreement until 1 December 1999. Serbia. On 10 June 2009, an agreement took effect that allowed citizens Serbian citizens in Russia, without visas, for 30 days, and for 90 days for holders of diplomatic and service passports. Cyprus and Russia signed a"
"the visa regime took place on 29 July 2014. Since 2015, the citizens of Nauru may stay in Russia without a visa for 14 days. An agreement allowing visa-free stays for 90 days within any 180 day period was signed with Vanuatu on 20 September 2016, and entered into force on 21 October 2016. Visa history of Russia The visa history of Russia deals with the requirements, in different historical epochs, that a foreign national had to meet in order to obtain a visa or entry permit, to enter and stay in the country. Initially in Rus', allowing the entry"
"Ethiopia–Russia relations Ethiopia–Russia relations () is the relationship between the two countries, Ethiopia and Russia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 21, 1943. Russia currently has an embassy in Addis Ababa, and Ethiopia has an embassy in Moscow. The Ethiopian ambassador to Russia is also accredited to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The history of this relationship has its origins in the 19th century. Russia's first steps in the Horn of Africa were taken by a Cossack adventurer named N.I. Ashinov, who attempted to establish a ""New Moscow"" at the coastal town"
"Coats pressed President Barack Obama to punish Russia harshly for its March 2014 annexation of Crimea. For this stance, the Russian government banned Coats and several other U.S. lawmakers from traveling to Russia. Coats supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq under the pretext of uncovering Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. Coats opposed the 2015 nuclear deal between Iran and six world powers – the U.S., U.K., Russia, France, China, and Germany. He described Iran as the foremost ""state sponsor of terrorism"". Coats co-sponsored, with former Senators Edward M. Kennedy, Christopher Dodd, and James Jeffords, S.2206: Coats Human Services Reauthorization Act"
"Sunni Muslim countries repelled this invasion and a peace treaty was signed in 1997. However, Chechnya became increasingly anarchic, largely due to the both political and physical destruction of the state during the invasion, and general Shamil Basaev, having evaded all control by the central government, conducted raids into neighboring Dagestan, which Russia used as pretext for reinvading Ichkeria. Ichkeria was then reincorporated into Russia as Chechnya again, though insurgency continues. Russia was involved in a number of conflicts, including the Nagorno-Karabakh War, the War of Transnistria, the 1991–1992 South Ossetia War, the First Chechen War, the War in Abkhazia,"
"Foreign Ministry to sign an agreement with Georgia and Tunisia. Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of the sea crew: Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, DR Congo, Egypt, France, Iran, Iraq North Korea, Lithuania, Poland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam. Citizens of following countries may visit Russia without a visa if they are travelling as part of the railway crew: China, North Korea, Turkmenistan. Passengers travelling through international airports do not need a visa for a transit of less than 24 hours, provided a confirmed onward ticket is held and the traveller"
"meeting in the Kremlin in Russia. They agreed in principle to cutting their nuclear stockpiles to below 1,700 deployed warheads within seven years after a new treaty is created. The START I treaty, which is the current nuclear weapons agreement between the two countries, expires in December 2009. Russia additionally allowed U.S. arms shipments to the battlefront in Afghanistan through Russia. During a three-day trip (started July 20, 2009) to Ukraine and Georgia Vice President Joe Biden again stated that the United States will not recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states, and urged ""the world"" not to recognize"
"Russia."" During a US Congressional delegation's visit to Uzbekistan in February 2013, Rohrabacher made several controversial statements. The chief among those statements was that the United States should treat Uzbekistan like Saudi Arabia by disregarding the former's human rights abuses in achieving America's national interests, particularly in selling armaments and drones to Uzbekistan. In 2017, in an interview for an Albanian TV channel Vizion Plus Rohrabacher suggested that the Republic of Macedonia ""is not a country"" and that the ""Kosovars and Albanians from Macedonia should be part of Kosovo and the rest of Macedonia should be part of Bulgaria or"