"Quran The Quran ( ; , literally meaning ""the recitation""; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (""Allah""). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters (Arabic: سورة‎ ""sūrah"", plural سور ""suwar""), which are subdivided into verses (Arabic: آية‎ ""āyāh"", plural آيات ""āyāt""). Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel (""Jibril""), incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609"
"later. Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance revealed from God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years and view the Quran as God's final revelation to humanity. Revelation in Islamic and Quranic contexts means the act of God addressing an individual, conveying a message for a greater number of recipients. The process by which the divine message comes to the heart of a messenger of God is ""tanzil"" (to send down) or ""nuzūl"" (to come down). As the Quran says, ""With the truth we (God) have sent it down and"
"as genuine divine revelation given to trusted messengers: the ""Tawrat"" (""Torah"") given to Musa (Moses), the ""Zabur"" (""Psalms"") given to Daud (David) and the ""Injil"" (""Gospel"") given to Isa (Jesus). They believe that the Qur'an, these books, and the ""Suhuf Ibrahim"" (""""Scrolls of Abraham"""", which they believe is currently lost) together constitute Islam's scripture. Belief that this scripture is divinely inspired is one of Islam's fundamental tenets, and traditional Muslim teaching stresses those passages in the Qur'an which affirm the Christian Gospel and the Hebrew Torah as valid revelations of God and paths to salvation. Early Muslims held multiple perspectives"
"based on the divine authority of Jesus in Christian belief (as the Incarnation of God). Islam believes the present Christian and Jewish scriptures have been corrupted over time and are no longer the original divine revelations as given to the Jewish people and to Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. For Muslims, the Qur'an is the final, complete revelation from God (Arabic الله ""Allah""), who believe it to have been revealed to Muhammad alone, who is believed by Muslims to be the final prophet of Islam, and the Khatam an-Nabiyyin, meaning the last of the prophets ever sent by Allah (""seal"
"such passages, which is none other than the Gospels of the Bible as known today and in copies that predate the lifetime of Muhammad. Regardless of scholarly disagreement, Muslims commonly believe that ""Injil"" refers to a true Gospel, bestowed upon Jesus by God. Many Muslims believe that the Injil was revealed by God to Jesus in a manner comparable to the way the Quran was revealed to Muhammad; as presumed from passages in the Quran stating the gospel was a received message, such as (tr. Pickthall): Muslims reject that Jesus or any other person wrote the Injil, instead crediting its"
"(IIS) and Dr Sarab Atassi-Khattab (IFPO). Ismāʿīlīs believe the Qur'an was sent to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (""Jibra'il"" in Arabic) over the course of 23 years. They believe that the Imam has the authority to interpret the Qur'an in relation to the present time. The Ginans are Nizari religious texts. They are written in the form of poetry by Pirs to interpret the meanings of Quranic ayat into the languages of South Asia, especially Gujarati and Urdu. In comparison to Ginans, Ismāʿīlīs of other origins, such as Persians, Arabs, and Central Asians, have qasidas () written by missionaries such"
"7:203, 10:15). Quranists believe since Muhammad delivered and spoke the Quran, his judgement in his capacity as a Messenger is the same as that of God. Quranists believe the Quran was written down in scriptural form during the time of Muhammad. The Quranist ideology dates back to the time of Muhammad. Since the Hadiths were not compiled until two centuries after the death of Muhammad, Quranists believe the Quranic ideology influenced the early Ummayad caliphate. According to Quranists, the caliphs of Islam who succeeded the Prophet Muhammad were Quranists, such as Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali"
"Criticism of the Quran The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been revealed, without issue, to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. Criticism of the Quran has frequently occurred since western scholarship has looked to decipher, understand and verify the claims of Islamic thought as stated in the Quran. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the Quran are criticized. Both critics and some scholars of western, eastern and secular backgrounds claim to have discovered scientific errors adding allegations of contradictions in the Quran while questioning its interpreted moral"
"be revealed, the four mentioned by name in the Quran are the Tawrat (Torah) revealed to Musa (Moses), the Zabur revealed to Dawud (David), the Injil (Gospel) revealed to Isa (Jesus), and the Quran revealed to Muhammad. The Quran also mentions two ancient scrolls and another possible book: Islamic holy books Islamic holy books are the texts which Muslims believe were authored by Allah via various prophets throughout humanity's history. All these books, in Muslim belief, promulgated the code and laws that Allah ordained for those people. Muslims believe the Quran to be the final revelation of Allah to man,"
"Muhammad in Islam Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim () ( 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), in short form Muhammad, is the last Messenger and Prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam. Muslims also believe that the Quran, which is the central religious text of Islam, was revealed to Muhammad by God, and that Muhammad was sent to restore Islam, which they believe to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, 'Isa, and other Prophets. The religious, social, and political tenets that Muhammad established with the Quran became the foundation of"
"many prophets of Christianity are mentioned as such in the Quran but usually in slightly different forms. For example, the Jewish Elisha is called Eliyas, Job is Ayyub, Jesus is Isa, etc. The Torah given to Moses (Musa) is called ""Tawrat"", the Psalms given to David (Dawud) is the ""Zabur"", the Gospel given to Jesus is ""Injil"". Unique to Islam is Muhammad (Muhammad ibn ʿAbdullāh), who Muslims believe is the ""Seal of the Prophets"" (""Khatam an-Nabiyyin"", i.e. the last prophet); and the Quran, revealed to Muhammad but not written down by him, which Muslims believe is unique among divine revelations"
"the new commandments accepted as revealed directly by God (through Gabriel) to Muhammad and codified in the Quran. Like the Jews with the Torah, Muslims consider the original Arabic text of the Quran as uncorrupted and holy to the last letter, and any translations are considered to be interpretations of the meaning of the Quran, as only the original Arabic text is considered to be the divine scripture. Like the Rabbinic Oral Law to the Hebrew Bible, the Quran is complemented by the ""Hadith"", a set of books by later authors recording the sayings of the prophet Muhammad. The Hadith"
"Quran was created while the most widespread varieties of Muslim theologians considered the Quran to be co-eternal with God and therefore uncreated. Sufi philosophers view the question as artificial or wrongly framed. Muslims believe that the present wording of the Quran corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran , it is protected from corruption (""Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardian.""). Muslims consider the Quran to be a guide, a sign of the prophethood of Muhammad and the truth of the religion. Inimitability of the"
"remind people of God. The Quran in particular is believed by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to Muhammad. Hadith are the records of Muhammad's sayings and example, and Hadith Qudsi is a sub-category of hadith, which Muslims regard as the words of God repeated by Muhammad. According to Ali ibn Mohammed al-Jurjani, the Hadith Qudsi differ from the Quran in that the former are ""expressed in Muhammad's words"", whereas the latter are the ""direct words of God"". There are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God who states in the Quran, ""It was We"
"in the Quran as a source of Islamic theology and practice, was not recorded in written form until more than two centuries after the death of Muhammad, and contain perceived internal errors and contradictions. Quranists believe that God's message in the Quran is clear and complete as it is, and that it can therefore be fully understood without referencing the Hadith. Quranic verses (such as 24:54, 33:21) enjoin the believers to emulate Muhammad and obey his judgments, providing scriptural authority for following the Quran alone, since the example Muhammad left was to follow the Quran alone (as seen in 46:9,"
"believe in all the scriptures to be a Muslim. Muslims believe the Quran, the final holy scripture, was sent because all the previous holy books had been either corrupted or lost. Nonetheless, Islam speaks of respecting all the previous scriptures, even in their current forms. The Quran mentions some Islamic scriptures by name, which came before the Quran: The Quran mentions various divinely-bestowed gifts given to various prophets. These may be interpreted as books or forms of celestial knowledge. Although all prophets are believed by Muslims to have been immensely gifted, special mention of ""wisdom"" or ""knowledge"" for a particular"
"to be the first verses of the Qur'an claimed to be related by Muhammad. He received them while on a retreat in mountain in cave Hira, just outside the city of Makkah in 610 CE. A few commentators disagree with this account, claiming that the first revelation was the beginning of surat al-Muddaththir or surat al-Fatiha, but theirs is a minority position. Moreover, the term ‘Insan’ which is translated to man or human appears 65 times in the Qur'an, applying to both sexes of mankind, a generic ‘man’. The concept of a divinity telling a human to speak is found"
"Moses in Islam Mûsâ ibn 'Imran () known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible, considered a prophet, messenger, and leader in Islam, is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran. The Quran states that Moses was sent by God to the Pharaoh of Egypt and his establishments and the Israelites for guidance and warning. Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual, and his life is narrated and recounted more than that of any other prophet. According to Islam, all Muslims must have faith in every prophet (""nabi"") and messenger (""rasul"") which includes Moses and his"
"verses, the Quran crystallizes Muhammad's relation to humanity. According to the Quran, God sent Muhammad with truth (God's message to humanity), and as a blessing to the whole world (Quran , and ). In Islamic tradition, this means that God sent Muhammad with his message to humanity the following of which will give people salvation in the afterlife, and it is Muhammad's teachings and the purity of his personal life alone which keep alive the worship of God on this world. The Quran also categorizes some theological issues regarding Muhammad. The most important among them is the edict to follow"
"God, but is rather the same religion as practiced by Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus and all the other prophets of God. The assertion of Islam is that the message of God had been corrupted, distorted or lost over time and the Quran was sent to Muhammad in order to correct the lost message of the Torah, New Testament and prior scriptures from God. The Qur'an asserts the existence of a single and absolute truth that transcends the world; a unique and indivisible being who is independent of the creation. The Qur'an rejects binary modes of thinking such as the idea"
"successors until the rising of the dawn of the day of reappearance of Qa'im [the one who rises, a title for the Islamic Messiah, Mahdi].” Laylat al-Qadr Some commentators believe that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad twice; the 'immediate revelation' happening on the Laylat al-Qadr and 'gradual revelation' across 23 years. The Quran uses the word ""Inzal"" () which justifies 'the immediate revelation', according to Allamah Tabatabai. However some others believe that the revelation of Quran occurred in two phases, with the first phase being the revelation in its entirety on Laylat al-Qadr to the angel Gabriel (Jibril in"
"(Gospel)."" [3:3] Muslims call the Torah the ""Tawrat"" and consider it the word of God given to Moses. However, Muslims also believe that this original revelation was corrupted (""tahrif"") (or simply altered by the passage of time and human fallibility) over time by Jewish scribes and hence do not revere the present ""Jewish version"" Torah as much (). The Torah in the Quran is always mentioned with respect in Islam. The Muslims' belief in the Torah, as well as the prophethood of Moses, is one of the fundamental tenets of Islam. The Bahá'í position on the Torah was composed in"
"the universal message he brought from God for humanity. The Quran calls him the ""beautiful model"" (""al-uswa al-hasana"") for those who hope for God and the last day (Quran ). Muslims believe that Muhammad was sent not for any specific people or region, but for all of humanity. Muslims venerate Muhammad in various ways: In Muslim legal and religious thought, Muhammad, inspired by God to act wisely and in accordance with his will, provides an example that complements God's revelation as expressed in the Quran; and his actions and sayings – known as Sunnah – are a model for Muslim"
"and it is the third one that addresses the liturgical and eschatological issues, answers the questions regarding God's purpose behind creating humanity, and acts as a guidance for humanity in choosing the correct way. In Islamic belief, the sequence of divine revelation came to an end with Muhammad. Muslims believe these revelations to be the verbatim word of God, which were later collected together, and came to be known as Quran, the central religious text of Islam. During the first three years of his ministry, Muhammad preached Islam privately, mainly among his near relatives and close acquaintances. The first to"
"observances and social transactions. The Qur'an is the first and most important source of Islamic law. Believed to be the direct word of God as revealed to Muhammad through angel Gabriel in Mecca and Medina, the scripture specifies the moral, philosophical, social, political and economic basis on which a society should be constructed. The verses revealed in Mecca deal with philosophical and theological issues, whereas those revealed in Medina are concerned with socio-economic laws. The Qur'an was written and preserved during the life of Muhammad, and compiled soon after his death. The verses of the Qur'an are categorized into three"
"Quran. Additionally, the Quran in its several verses authorizes Muhammad, in his capacity as a prophet, to promulgate new laws. The verse of the Quran says, ""those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet whom they find written down in the Torah and the Injil, and who (Muhammad) bids them to the Fair and forbids them the Unfair, and makes lawful for them the good things, and makes unlawful for them the impure things... So, those who believe in him, and honor him, and help him, and follow the light that has been sent down with him (Muhammad) – they"
"History of the Quran The history of Quran refers to the oral revelation of the Quran to Islamic prophet Muhammad and its subsequent written compilation into a manuscript. It spans several decades and forms an important part of early Islamic history. According to Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran began in 610 C.E. when the angel Gabriel (Arabic: جبريل, ""Jibrīl"" or جبرائيل, ""Jibrāʾīl"") appeared to Muhammad in the cave Hira near Mecca, reciting to him the first verses of Sura Iqra (al-`Alaq). Throughout his life, Muhammad continued to have revelations until before his death in"
"the folios from another manuscript (held in the Religious Administration of Muslims in Tashkent) was dated to between 595 and 855 A.D. with a likelihood of 95%. The copy of the Quran is traditionally considered to be one of a group commissioned by the third caliph Uthman; however, this attribution has been questioned. In 651, 19 years after the death of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad, Uthman commissioned a committee to produce a standard copy of the text of the Quran (see Origin and development of the Quran). Five of these authoritative Qurans were sent to the major Muslim cities of"
"632. The Quran as it is known in the present, was first compiled into book format by Zayd ibn Thabit and other scribes under the third caliph Uthman (r. 644–56). For this reason, the Quran as it exists today is also known as the Uthmanic codex. According to Professor Francis Edward Peters (1927), what was done to the Quran in the process seems to have been extremely conservative and the content was formed in a mechanical fashion to avoid redactional bias. According to traditional Islamic beliefs, the Quran was revealed to Muhammad, starting one night during the month of Ramadan"
"are mentioned in the Quran, and are the light of God (""nūr Allāh""). He was asked to comment on the Quranic verse Q44:8, ""And believe in Allah and His Messenger and the ""nūr"" (light) that We have brought down."" He replied that the imams from the Prophet's family were in fact the light of God (""nūr Allah"") in the heavens and on earth. This spiritual light, passed down from one generation to the next, symbolizes the eternal knowledge that Muhammad passed on to Ali and his descendants. There seem to be two concepts. The ""nūr muḥammad"" is passed down through"
"is a list of 114 Suras (Chapters) of Quran, their Arabic names and their English translations as produced by Muhammad Asad: The Message of The Qur'an The Message of the Qur'an is an English translation and interpretation of the Qur'an by Muhammad Asad, an Austrian Jew who converted to Islam. The book was first published in Gibraltar in 1980, and has since been translated into several other languages. It is considered one of the most influential Quranic Translations of the modern age. Asad meant to devote two years to completing the translation and the commentary but ended up spending seventeen."
"by way of his paternal-grandfather, Abdul Muttalib. These scholars also disagree with the Islamic belief that the whole of the Quran is addressed by God to humankind. They note that there are numerous passages where God is directly addressed, or mentioned in the third person, or where the narrator swears by various entities, including God. Before Uthman established the canon of the Quran, there may have been different versions or codices in complete state, though none has yet been discovered. Such codices as may exist never gained general approval and were viewed by Muslims as individuals' personal copies. With respect"
"(called the ""sunnah"", composed of accounts called ""hadith"") of Muhammad ( 570–8 June 632 CE). Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. Like other Abrahamic religions, Islam also teaches a final judgment with the righteous rewarded paradise and unrighteous punished in hell. Religious concepts and practices include the Five Pillars of Islam, which are obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law (""sharia""), which touches on"