"Stellate ganglion The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion, which exists in 80% of cases. Sometimes the second and the third thoracic ganglia are included in this fusion. Stellate ganglion is relatively big (10-12 x 8-20 mm) compared to much smaller thoracic, lumbar and sacral ganglia and it is polygonal in shape (lat. stellatum meaning star-shaped). Stellate ganglion is located at the level of C7, anterior to the transverse process of C7 and the neck of the first rib, superior to the cervical"
"Stellation In geometry, stellation is the process of extending a polygon in two dimensions, polyhedron in three dimensions, or, in general, a polytope in ""n"" dimensions to form a new figure. Starting with an original figure, the process extends specific elements such as its edges or face planes, usually in a symmetrical way, until they meet each other again to form the closed boundary of a new figure. The new figure is a stellation of the original. The word ""stellation"" comes from the Latin ""stellātus"", ""starred"", which in turn comes from Latin ""stella"", ""star"". In 1619 Kepler defined stellation for"
"Stellate cell Stellate cells are any neuron in the central nervous system that have a star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. Many Stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Stellate cells are derived from dividing progenitors in the white matter of postnatal cerebellum. Dendritic trees can vary between neurons. There are two types of dendritic trees in the cerebral cortex, which include pyramidal cells, which are pyramid shaped and stellate cells which are star shaped. Dendrites can also aid neuron classification. Dendrites with spines are classified as spiny,"
"form is a five-pointed star with two decorative ""tails"". Nowadays, the materials range from plastic, shells, glass, beads, foil, feathers, hemp, leaves, seeds, soft drink straws, wood and even metal. They usually come in various sizes, from small, tinsel and foil lanterns to gigantic ones that are electrically lit at night, and may have one, three or more tails aside from the ubiquitous two. Some have a surrounding ""halo,"" and the number of points on the star usually ranges from four to around ten (however, higher numbers exist). As for stellate patterns, more complex shapes that are seen are the"
"Star (heraldry) In heraldry, the term star may refer to any star-shaped charge with any number of rays, which may appear straight or wavy, and may or may not be pierced. While there has been much confusion between the two due to their similar shape, a star with straight-sided rays is usually called a mullet while one with wavy rays is usually called an estoile. While a mullet may have any number of ""points"", it is presumed to have five unless otherwise specified in the blazon, and pierced mullets are common; estoiles, however, are presumed to have six ""rays"" and"
"Stellated octahedron The stellated octahedron is the only stellation of the octahedron. It is also called the stella octangula (Latin for ""eight-pointed star""), a name given to it by Johannes Kepler in 1609, though it was known to earlier geometers. It was depicted in Pacioli's ""De Divina Proportione,"" 1509. It is the simplest of five regular polyhedral compounds, and the only regular compound of two tetrahedra. It can be seen as a 3D extension of the hexagram: the hexagram is a two-dimensional shape formed from two overlapping equilateral triangles, centrally symmetric to each other, and in the same way the"
"to two lithographs by M. C. Escher: ""Contrast (Order and Chaos)"", 1950, and ""Gravitation"", 1952. Stellation In geometry, stellation is the process of extending a polygon in two dimensions, polyhedron in three dimensions, or, in general, a polytope in ""n"" dimensions to form a new figure. Starting with an original figure, the process extends specific elements such as its edges or face planes, usually in a symmetrical way, until they meet each other again to form the closed boundary of a new figure. The new figure is a stellation of the original. The word ""stellation"" comes from the Latin ""stellātus"","
"rhombic-dipyramidal which means it has three perpendicular two-fold rotational axes with perpendicular mirror planes. This would look like a dipyramid cut horizontally along the middle to where the top and bottom halves each have four identical faces that can either be compared to the other faces by the 2-fold rotation axes or the mirror planes. Stilbite, another zeolite, is very similar to stellerite in both chemical composition and physical appearance. Stellerite is more commonly found in rounded radiating clusters or as single crystals and appears more transparent than stilbite does. Stellerite is an anisotropic mineral, meaning that it has different"
"Stellerite Stellerite is a rare mineral discovered by and named after Georg Wilhelm Steller, a German explorer and zoologist. The mineral has a general formula of Ca<nowiki>[</nowiki>AlSiO]·7HO. Like most rare minerals, there are few commercial uses for stellerite. Mineral collectors are lucky to find it in good enough crystal form. Zeolites, including stellerite, have been studied using a dehydration process to gauge the potential use of their phases as molecular sieves, sorbents, and catalysts. Stellerite is part of the orthorhombic crystal system which means it has three axes of unequal length that intersect at 90° angles. Its crystal class is"
"BL Lacertae objects, which appear to be dim variable stars but are actually the variable nuclei of elliptical galaxies; they are similar to quasars. It lent its name to a whole type of celestial objects, the BL Lacertae objects (a subtype of blazar). The object varies irregularly between magnitudes 14 and 17 over a few days. Centred on a region of the sky without apparently bright stars, Lacerta was apparently not regarded as a constellation by ancient Western astronomers. Johannes Hevelius created the constellation in 1687 and initially named it ""Stellio"" (the stellion), a newt with star-like dorsal spots found"
"in some way. A set of cells forming a closed layer around its core is called a shell. For a symmetrical polyhedron, a shell may be made up of one or more cell types. Based on such ideas, several restrictive categories of interest have been identified. We can also identify some other categories: The Archimedean solids and their duals can also be stellated. Here we usually add the rule that all of the original face planes must be present in the stellation, i.e. we do not consider partial stellations. For example the cube is not usually considered a stellation of"
"than a pentagon, leading to geometrically intersecting faces. The intersections of the triangles do not represent new edges. Its dual polyhedron is the great stellated dodecahedron , 3}, having three regular star pentagonal faces around each vertex. Stellation is the process of extending the faces or edges of a polyhedron until they meet to form a new polyhedron. It is done symmetrically so that the resulting figure retains the overall symmetry of the parent figure. In their book ""The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra"", Coxeter et al. enumerated 58 such stellations of the regular icosahedron. Of these, many have a single face in"
"from its superficial resemblance to the planet Saturn with its rings nearly edge-on to the observer. It was so named by Lord Rosse in the 1840s, when telescopes had improved to the point that its Saturn-like shape could be discerned. William Henry Smyth said that the Saturn Nebula is one of Struve's nine ""Rare Celestial Objects."" The Saturn Nebula is a complex planetary nebula and contains many morphological and kinematic sub-systems in three dimensions. It includes a halo, jet-like streams, multiple shells, ansae (""handles""), and small-scale filaments and knots. The ansae are expanding non-radially from the central star. Although the"
"Star-shaped polygon A star-shaped polygon is a polygonal region in the plane that is a star domain, that is, a polygon that contains a point from which the entire polygon boundary is visible. Formally, a polygon ""P"" is star-shaped if there exists a point ""z"" such that for each point ""p"" of ""P"" the segment ""zp"" lies entirely within ""P"". The set of all points ""z"" with this property (that is, the set of points from which all of ""P"" is visible) is called the kernel of ""P"". If a star-shaped polygon is convex, the link distance between any two"
"formula_22 The evolute of an astroid is an astroid twice as large. Astroid An astroid is a particular mathematical curve: a hypocycloid with four cusps. Specifically, it is the locus of a point on a circle as it rolls inside a fixed circle with four times the radius. By double generation, it is also the locus of a point on a circle as it rolls inside a fixed circle with 4/3 times the radius. It can also be defined as the envelope of a line segment with an end point on each of the axes. It is therefore the envelope"
"while some ""Miller stellations"" are questionable as to whether they should be regarded as stellations at all - one of the icosahedral set comprises several quite disconnected cells floating symmetrically in space. As yet an alternative set of rules that takes this into account has not been fully developed. Most progress has been made based on the notion that stellation is the reciprocal or dual process to facetting, whereby parts are removed from a polyhedron without creating any new vertices. For every stellation of some polyhedron, there is a dual facetting of the dual polyhedron, and vice versa. By studying"
"Pistol Star The Pistol Star is a blue hypergiant star; one of the most luminous known in the Milky Way. It is one of many massive young stars in the Quintuplet cluster in the Galactic Center region. The star owes its name to the shape of the Pistol Nebula, which it illuminates. It is located approximately 25,000 light years from Earth in the direction of Sagittarius. It would be visible to the naked eye as a fourth magnitude star if it were not for the interstellar dust that completely hides it from view in visible light. The Pistol Star was"
"Stellation diagram In geometry, a stellation diagram or stellation pattern is a two-dimensional diagram in the plane of some face of a polyhedron, showing lines where other face planes intersect with this one. The lines cause 2D space to be divided up into regions. Regions not intersected by any further lines are called elementary regions. Usually infinite regions are excluded from the diagram, along with any infinite portions of the lines. Each elementary region represents a top face of one cell, and a bottom face of another. A collection of these diagrams, one for each face type, can be used"
"with the ""merkaba"", which according to them is a ""counter-rotating energy field"" named from an ancient Egyptian word. However, the word ""merkaba"" is actually Hebrew, and more properly refers to a chariot in the visions of Ezekiel. The resemblance between this shape and the two-dimensional star of David has also been frequently noted. Stellated octahedron The stellated octahedron is the only stellation of the octahedron. It is also called the stella octangula (Latin for ""eight-pointed star""), a name given to it by Johannes Kepler in 1609, though it was known to earlier geometers. It was depicted in Pacioli's ""De Divina"
"described in the article below are also easily seen in the images: That the violet edges are the same, and that the green faces lie in the same planes. John Conway defines the Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra as ""greatenings"" and ""stellations"" of the convex solids.<br> In his naming convention the small stellated dodecahedron is just the ""stellated dodecahedron"". ""Stellation"" changes pentagonal faces into pentagrams. (In this sense stellation is a unique operation, and not to be confused with the more general stellation described below.) ""Greatening"" maintains the type of faces, shifting and resizing them into parallel planes. The great icosahedron is one"
"Crystal A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic single crystals are usually identifiable by their geometrical shape, consisting of flat faces with specific, characteristic orientations. The scientific study of crystals and crystal formation is known as crystallography. The process of crystal formation via mechanisms of crystal growth is called crystallization or solidification. The word ""crystal"" derives from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning both ""ice"" and ""rock crystal"", from (),"
"stellated dodecahedron, and (Poinsot's) the great icosahedron and great dodecahedron. Collectively they are called the Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. The Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra may be constructed from the Platonic solids by a process called stellation. Most stellations are not regular. The study of stellations of the Platonic solids was given a big push by H.S.M. Coxeter and others in 1938, with the now famous paper ""The 59 icosahedra"". The reciprocal process to stellation is called facetting (or faceting). Every stellation of one polytope is dual, or reciprocal, to some facetting of the dual polytope. The regular star polyhedra can also be obtained by"
"Asterism (gemology) Asterism (from ""star""), the property of a star stone (asteria), is the phenomenon of gemstones exhibiting a star-like concentration of reflected or refracted light when cut ""en cabochon"" (shaped and polished rather than faceted). The archetypal asteria is the star sapphire, generally corundum with near uniform impurities which is bluish-grey and milky or opalescent, which when lit has a star of six rays. In the red instance stellate reflection is rarer; the star-ruby occasionally found with the star-sapphire in Sri Lanka is among the most valued of ""fancy stones"". Other examples are star-topaz and certain prized chatoyant (lit."
"the aspinous dendrites, they can be immunohistochemically labelled with glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD) because of their GABAergic activity, and occasionally colocalize with neuropeptides. See Stellate ganglion <small class=""autosigned""> Stellate cell Stellate cells are any neuron in the central nervous system that have a star-like shape formed by dendritic processes radiating from the cell body. Many Stellate cells are GABAergic and are located in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Stellate cells are derived from dividing progenitors in the white matter of postnatal cerebellum. Dendritic trees can vary between neurons. There are two types of dendritic trees in the cerebral cortex, which"
"Beyond the forms above, there are unlimited classes of self-intersecting (star) polyhedra. Two important classes are the stellations of convex polyhedra and their duals, the facettings of the dual polyhedra. For example, the complete stellation of the icosahedron (illustrated) can be interpreted as a self-intersecting polyhedron composed of 12 identical faces, each a (9/4) wound polygon. Below is an illustration of this polyhedron with one face drawn in yellow. A similarly self-intersecting polytope in any number of dimensions is called a star polytope. A regular polytope {p,q,r...,s,t} is a star polytope if either its facet {p,q...s} or its vertex figure"
"Great stellated dodecahedron In geometry, the great stellated dodecahedron is a Kepler-Poinsot polyhedron, with Schläfli symbol {5/2,3}. It is one of four nonconvex regular polyhedra. It is composed of 12 intersecting pentagrammic faces, with three pentagrams meeting at each vertex. It shares its vertex arrangement with the regular dodecahedron, as well as being a stellation of a (smaller) dodecahedron. It is the only dodecahedral stellation with this property, apart from the dodecahedron itself. Its dual, the great icosahedron, is related in a similar fashion to the icosahedron. Shaving the triangular pyramids off results in an icosahedron. If the pentagrammic faces"
"Crystallite A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials. The orientation of crystallites can be random with no preferred direction, called random texture, or directed, possibly due to growth and processing conditions. Fiber texture is an example of the latter. Crystallites are also referred to as grains. The areas where crystallites meet are known as grain boundaries. Polycrystalline or multicrystalline materials, or polycrystals are solids that are composed of many crystallites of varying size and orientation. Most inorganic solids are polycrystalline, including all common metals, many ceramics, rocks, and"
"""a"", φ""a"", φ""a"" and φ""a"" (where φ is the golden ratio) the complete icosahedron has surface area and volume The complete stellation can also be seen as a self-intersecting star polyhedron having 20 faces corresponding to the 20 faces of the underlying icosahedron. Each face is an irregular 9/4 star polygon, or enneagram. Since three faces meet at each vertex it has 20 × 9 / 3 = 60 vertices (these are the outermost layer of visible vertices and form the tips of the ""spines"") and 20 × 9 / 2 = 90 edges (each edge of the star polyhedron"
"edges and faces extended until they intersect.<br> The pentagon faces of these cores are the invisible parts of the star polyhedra's pentagram faces.<br> For the small stellated dodecahedron the hull is formula_5 times bigger than the core, and for the great it is formula_6 times bigger. <br> Traditionally the two star polyhedra have been defined as ""augmentations"" (or ""cumulations""), Kepler calls the small stellation an ""augmented dodecahedron"" (then nicknaming it ""hedgehog""). These naïve definitions are still used. E.g. MathWorld states that the two star polyhedra can be constructed by adding pyramids to the faces of the Platonic solids. All Kepler–Poinsot"
"Stolzite Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula PbWO. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. Stolzite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is dimorphous with the monoclinic form raspite. Lead tungstate crystals have the optical transparency of glass combined with much higher density (8.28 g/cm vs ~2.2 g/cm for fused silica). They are used as scintillators in particle physics because of their short radiation length (0.89 cm), low Molière radius (2.2 cm), quick scintillation response, and radiation hardness. Lead"
"form five or seven projections on each side of the shrine, where all but the central one are projecting corners (projections with two full faces created by two recesses, left and right, that are at right angles with each other). If square (also called ""square with simple projections""), these components form three or five projections on a side, only two of which are projecting corners. Stellate patterns form star points which are normally 8-, 16-, or 32-pointed and are sub-divided into interrupted and uninterrupted stellate components. In an 'interrupted' stellate plan, the stellate outline is interrupted by orthogonal (right-angle) projections"
"each of the 20 face planes and so are also icosahedra. The great icosahedron is among them. Other stellations have more than one face in each plane or form compounds of simpler polyhedra. These are not strictly icosahedra, although they are often referred to as such. A ""regular icosahedron"" can be distorted or marked up as a lower pyritohedral symmetry, and is called a snub octahedron, snub tetratetrahedron, snub tetrahedron, and pseudo-icosahedron. This can be seen as an alternated truncated octahedron. If all the triangles are equilateral, the symmetry can also be distinguished by colouring the 8 and 12 triangle"
"London, 1931, p. 792. Stolzite Stolzite is a mineral, a lead tungstate; with the formula PbWO. It is similar to, and often associated with, wulfenite which is the same chemical formula except that the tungsten is replaced by molybdenum. Stolzite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is dimorphous with the monoclinic form raspite. Lead tungstate crystals have the optical transparency of glass combined with much higher density (8.28 g/cm vs ~2.2 g/cm for fused silica). They are used as scintillators in particle physics because of their short radiation length (0.89 cm), low Molière radius (2.2 cm), quick scintillation response,"