"Higher education in Italy Higher education in Italy is mainly provided by a large and international network of public and state affiliated universities. State-run universities of Italy are under the supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. There is also a number of private universities and state-run post-secondary educational centers providing a vocational instruction. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world. In particular the University of Bologna (founded in 1088, the oldest university in the world), the University of Padua, founded in 1222, and the University of Naples, founded in 1224, are among the most ancient state universities"
"1088, which would make it the oldest continuously-operating university in the world. However, the development of the institution at Bologna into a university was a gradual process. Paul Grendler writes that """"it is not likely that enough instruction and organization existed to merit the term ""university"" before the 1150s, and it might not have happened before the 1180s""."" One of the earliest texts produced by the University and used by the rest of Europe in the Middle Ages was the ""Chirurgia"" of Roger Frugard, published in 1180. The University arose around mutual aid societies of foreign students called ""nations"" (as"
"then defeated the imperial armies at the Battle of Legnano and established an effective autonomy at the Peace of Constance in 1183. Subsequently, the town began to expand rapidly and it became one of the main commercial trade centres of northern Italy thanks to a system of canals that allowed barges and ships to come and go. Believed to have been established in 1088, the University of Bologna is widely considered the oldest university in continuous operation. The university originated as a centre for the study of medieval Roman law under major glossators, including Irnerius. It numbered Dante, Boccaccio and"
"and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Thomas Aquinas of the University of Naples, Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation, and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologne is considered the first, and the oldest continually operating university. Elsewhere during the Middle Ages, Islamic science and mathematics flourished under the Islamic caliphate which was established across the Middle East, extending from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Indus in the east and"
"University of Padua The University of Padua (, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. Padua is the second-oldest university in Italy and the world's fifth-oldest surviving university. In 2010 the university had approximately 65,000 students, in 2016 was ranked ""best university"" among Italian institutions of higher education with more than 40,000 students, and in 2018 best Italian university according to ARWU ranking. The university is conventionally said to"
"in the ninth century, was the world's first medical school, and unrivalled in the Middle Ages. The University of Bologna, the first modern university, was founded in Bologna in 1088. The University of Padua, the second oldest university in Italy, was founded in 1222 as a school of law. The University of Naples, founded in 1224, was the world's first state-supported university. During the Middle Ages, the vitality of Italian merchants was evident throughout Europe, and the resultant trade prompted their invention of financial and business practices which provided the foundation for modern banking, commerce and capitalism. The original banks"
"to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s. Home to the oldest university in the world, the University of Bologna, established in AD 1088, the city has a large student population that gives it a cosmopolitan character. In 2000 it was declared European capital of culture and in 2006, a UNESCO ""City of Music"" and became part of the Creative Cities Network. Bologna is an important agricultural, industrial, financial and transport hub, where many large mechanical, electronic and food companies have their headquarters as well as one of the largest permanent trade fairs"
"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Italy, founded in 1175, with a population of 20,000 students. The medieval university disappeared by 1338 and was replaced by ""three public lectureships"" which did not award degrees and were suspended in the 1590s ""for lack of money"". The university was not reestablished in Modena until the 1680s and did not receive an imperial charter until 1685. Some famous students who attended the University include Ludovico Antonio Muratori,"
"University of Turin The University of Turin (Italian: ""Università degli Studi di Torino"", or often abbreviated to UNITO) is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe (one of the oldest in history), and continues to play an important role in research and training. It is steadily ranked among the top 5 Italian universities and it is ranked third for research activities in Italy, according to the latest data by ANVUR. The University of Turin was founded as a ""studium"" in 1404, under the initiative"
"University of Pisa The University of Pisa (, UniPi) is an Italian public research university located in Pisa, Italy. It was founded in 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI. It is the 19th oldest extant university in the world and the 10th oldest in Italy. The university is ranked within the top 10 nationally and the top 400 in the world according to the ARWU and the QS. It houses the Orto botanico di Pisa, Europe's oldest academic botanical garden, which was founded in 1544. The University of Pisa is part of the Pisa University System, which includes"
"University of Bologna Latin name, (nourishing mother of studies), refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. Other European universities, such as the Alma Mater Lipsiensis in Leipzig, Germany, or Alma Mater Jagiellonica, Poland, have similarly used the expression in conjunction with geographical or foundational characteristics. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, an international university founded by the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2010, uses the term as its official name. In the United States, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the ""Alma"
"Disease. University of Naples Federico II The University of Naples Federico II () is a university located in Naples, Italy. Founded in 1224, it is the oldest public non-sectarian university in the world, and is now organized into 13 faculties. It was Europe's first university dedicated to training secular administrative staff, and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. Federico II is the third University in Italy by number of students enrolled, but despite its huge size it is still one of the best universities in Italy, being particularly notable for research; in 2015 it was ranked among"
"Sapienza University of Rome The Sapienza University of Rome (Italian: ""Sapienza – Università di Roma""), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, is a collegiate research university located in Rome, Italy. Formally known as Università degli Studi di Roma ""La Sapienza"", it is one of the largest European universities by enrollments and one of the oldest in history, founded in 1303. The University is one of the most prestigious Italian universities, commonly ranking first in national rankings and in Southern Europe. Most of the Italian ruling class studied at Sapienza Sapienza educated numerous notable alumni, including many Nobel"
"University of Naples Federico II The University of Naples Federico II () is a university located in Naples, Italy. Founded in 1224, it is the oldest public non-sectarian university in the world, and is now organized into 13 faculties. It was Europe's first university dedicated to training secular administrative staff, and one of the oldest academic institutions in continuous operation. Federico II is the third University in Italy by number of students enrolled, but despite its huge size it is still one of the best universities in Italy, being particularly notable for research; in 2015 it was ranked among the"
"the University of Padua include: The University of Padua offers a wide range of degrees, organized by Departments: Departments have been united in a limited number of Schools: University of Padua The University of Padua (, UNIPD) is a premier Italian university located in the city of Padua, Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 as a school of law and was one of the most prominent universities in early modern Europe. Padua is the second-oldest university in Italy and the world's fifth-oldest surviving university. In 2010 the university had approximately 65,000 students, in 2016 was ranked ""best"
"a balance between preservation and innovation. The ten university dormitories are adapted to the urban fabric and are located within the historical centre (Fontebranda, Mattioli, Porrione, Sperandie, San Marco), on the outskirts (Acquacalda) and near the extended areas of the university (San Miniato). For the academic year 2017-18 the following degree courses are provided (medium of instruction in parenthesis) University of Siena The University of Siena (, abbreviation: UNISI) in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called ""Studium Senese"", the institution was founded in 1240. It had around 20,000 students in"
"University of Genoa The University of Genoa, known also with the acronym UniGe (), is one of the largest universities in Italy. It is located in the city of Genoa and regional Metropolitan City of Genoa, on the Italian Riviera in the Liguria region of northwestern Italy. The original university was founded in 1481. According to Microsoft Academic Search 2016 rankings, the University of Genoa has high-ranking positions among the European universities in multiplle computer science fields: The University of Genoa has a strong collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), since its foundation in 2005. The University of"
"Amato; mathematician Vito Volterra; pharmacologist and Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine Daniel Bovet; chemist and Nobel Laureate Giulio Natta; philosophers Luigi Ferri and Augusto Del Noce; physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics Enrico Fermi; political scientist Roberto Forges Davanzati Sapienza University of Rome The Sapienza University of Rome (Italian: ""Sapienza – Università di Roma""), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, is a collegiate research university located in Rome, Italy. Formally known as Università degli Studi di Roma ""La Sapienza"", it is one of the largest European universities by enrollments and one of the oldest in history,"
"Genoa, making it one of Genoa's biggest employers. University of Genoa The University of Genoa, known also with the acronym UniGe (), is one of the largest universities in Italy. It is located in the city of Genoa and regional Metropolitan City of Genoa, on the Italian Riviera in the Liguria region of northwestern Italy. The original university was founded in 1481. According to Microsoft Academic Search 2016 rankings, the University of Genoa has high-ranking positions among the European universities in multiplle computer science fields: The University of Genoa has a strong collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT),"
"University of Florence The University of Florence (Italian: ""Università degli Studi di Firenze"", UniFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy. It comprises 12 schools and has about 60,000 students enrolled. The first university in Florence was the Studium Generale, which was established by the Florentine Republic in 1321. The Studium was recognized by Pope Clement VI in 1349, and authorized to grant regular degrees. The Pope also established that the first Italian faculty of theology would be in Florence. The Studium became an imperial university in 1364, but was moved to Pisa in 1473 when Lorenzo"
"illustrious alumni, including Prime Ministers, Nobel Prize winners and prominent lawyers, philosophers and writers. Category;15th-century establishments in Italy University of Turin The University of Turin (Italian: ""Università degli Studi di Torino"", or often abbreviated to UNITO) is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe (one of the oldest in history), and continues to play an important role in research and training. It is steadily ranked among the top 5 Italian universities and it is ranked third for research activities in Italy, according to the"
"Index, Rome is considered the world's second most historically, educationally and culturally interesting and beautiful city. Rome has a large number of universities and colleges. Its first university, La Sapienza (founded in 1303), is one of the largest in the world, with more than 140,000 students attending; in 2005 it ranked as Europe's 33rd best university and in 2013 the Sapienza University of Rome ranked as the 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its ""World University Rankings"". and has been ranked among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges. In order to decrease the overcrowding"
"Polytechnic University of Milan The () is the largest technical university in Italy, with about 42,000 students. It offers undergraduate, graduate and higher education courses in engineering, architecture and design. Founded in 1863, it is the oldest university in Milan. The Politecnico has two main campuses in Milan city, where the majority of the research and teaching activities are located, and other satellite campuses in five other cities across Lombardy and Emilia Romagna. The central offices and headquarters are located in the historical campus of in Milan, which is also the largest, active since 1927. The university was ranked the"
"University of Siena The University of Siena (, abbreviation: UNISI) in Siena, Tuscany is one of the oldest and first publicly funded universities in Italy. Originally called ""Studium Senese"", the institution was founded in 1240. It had around 20,000 students in 2006, nearly half of Siena's total population of around 54,000. Today, the University of Siena is best known for its Schools of Law, Medicine, and Economics and Management. On December 26, 1240, Ildebrandino Cacciaconti, the then podestà of Siena, signed a decree imposing a tax on citizens of Siena who rented rooms to students of the local """"Studium Senese""""."
"home of the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century and also has the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, as the best-sanctioned Superior Graduate Schools in Italy.<ref name=""gradscuola/"">Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Information statistics</ref> The origin of the name, Pisa, is a mystery. While the origin of the city had remained unknown for centuries, the Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans, and the Ligurians had variously been proposed as founders of the city (for example, a colony of the ancient city"
"reserves (one of them is Capo Peloro). A further northern University location is in the Annunziata academic buildings where the Faculties of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacy and Humanities are. This site is in the Annunziata zone (contrada Citola) not far from the City centre. Enrollment is over 22,000 students. University of Messina The University of Messina (, UNIME) is a public university located in Messina, Italy. Founded in 1548 by Ignatius of Loyola, it became the model for hundreds of Jesuit colleges. The university is organized in 11 Faculties. The University of Messina has an old cultural and educational tradition, going"
"Nunziatella military academy The ""Nunziatella"" Military School of Naples, Italy, founded November 18, 1787 under the name of ""Royal Military Academy"" (it.: ""Reale Accademia Militare""), is the oldest military school in the world among those still operating without interruption; as well as the oldest Italian institution of military education among those still operating. Its building, familiarly called ""Red Manor"" (it.: ""Rosso Maniero""), and the adjacent church of the Santissima Annunziata, is an architectural monument of the city of Naples. Located in Pizzofalcone in via Generale Parisi, 16, it was a place of high military and civilian training since its foundation,"
"of Italy. The railways also connect to the Palermo airport with departures every thirty minutes. The local university is the University of Palermo, the island's second oldest university. It was officially founded in 1806, although historical records indicate that medicine and law have been taught there since the late 15th century. The Orto botanico di Palermo (Palermo botanical gardens) is home to the university's Department of Botany and is also open to visitors. Palermo is twinned with: Palermo Palermo (; ; , from ) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and"
"University of Macerata The University of Macerata () is a university located in Macerata, Italy. It was founded in 1290 and is one of the oldest in Italy. The various Departments and Offices of the University are in the old centre within its medieval walls. The average age of UNIMC teachers, who are used to discussing both academic and current events with their students, is 40. The University of Macerata has seven Faculties to choose from: Cultural Heritage (in the nearby town of Fermo), Economics, Law, Literature and Philosophy, Media Studies, Education Sciences and Political Sciences. Some offer courses entirely"
"University of Catania The University of Catania () is a university located in Catania, Sicily. Founded in 1434, it is the oldest university in Sicily, the 13th oldest in Italy, and the 29th oldest university in the world. With a population of over 60,000 students, it is the main university in Sicily. Following the Italian higher education reform introduced by the law 240/10 and adopted by the University of Catania in its new Statute, faculties have been deactivated and departments have been reorganized. The University of Catania has now 23 Departments that, additionally to the traditional assignments of scientific research,"
"a great tradition of medical, scientific and humanistic studies: the ""Accademia Scientifico-Letteraria"" (Scientific-Literary Academy), active since 1861, and the ""Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento"" (Clinical Specialisation Institutes), established in 1906. By 1928, the University already had the fourth-highest number of enrolled students in Italy, after Naples, Rome and Padua. Its premises are located in Città Studi (the City of Studies), the university district built from 1915 onwards (that is also home to the Politecnico), where scientific schools have its headquarters, and in several buildings in the historic city centre, which house the humanities schools. At the time of its foundation, there"
"1935 during the Ethiopian war. It is a structure in increasing improvement; the recent phase of modernization has allowed the increase in the number of available flights to Rome, Milan, Venice, Turin, Pisa, Bologna and other cities in Europe. The University of Messina (""Università degli Studi di Messina"", in Italian, or UNIME), is an ancient university, and was founded in 1548 by Ignatio of Loyola such as College of Jesus's Company. Is formed by ten faculties (Arts and Humanities; Economics; Education; Engineering; Law; Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences; Medicine; Pharmacy; Political Science; Veterinary Medicine), distributed in various part of the"
"has about 86,500 students in its 11 schools. It has campuses in Ravenna, Forlì, Cesena and Rimini and a branch center abroad in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It also has a school of excellence named ""Collegio Superiore di Bologna"". An associate publisher of the University of Bologna is Bononia University Press S.p.A. (BUP). The date of its founding is uncertain, but believed by most accounts to have been 1088. The university received a charter from Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, but in the 19th century, a committee of historians led by Giosuè Carducci traced the founding of the University back to"