"Ctenanthe Ctenanthe is a genus of flowering plants of the family Marantaceae described as a genus in 1884. They are evergreen perennials, native to Central and South America (primarily Brazil). They are grown for their attractive, often variegated foliage. They are frost tender, requiring a minimum temperature of . The Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit has been awarded to the species ""Ctenanthe lubbersiana"" (common name: bamburanta), which grows to and bears large, oval leaves up to long, heavily striped and mottled with yellow, and the cultivar ""Ctenanthe oppenheimiana"" 'Tricolor' (common name ""never-never plant""), which grows to with narrow,"
"Mottle Mottle is a pattern of irregular marks, spots, streaks, blotches or patches of different shades or colours. It is commonly used to describe the surface of plants or the skin of animals. In plants, mottling usually consists of yellowish spots on plants, and is usually a sign of disease or malnutrition. Many plant viruses cause mottling, some examples being: Mottling is sometimes used to describe uneven discolored patches on the skin of humans as a result of cutaneous ischemia (lowered blood flow to the surfaces of the skin) or Herpes zoster infections. The medical term for mottled skin is"
"Glossary of leaf morphology The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or lamina, but not all leaves are flat, some are cylindrical. Leaves may"
"the plant using the ablative singular or plural, e.g. 'with ovate leaves'. Glossary of leaf morphology The following is a defined list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. Leaves of most plants include a flat structure called the blade or"
"or segments are typically referred to as ""pinnae"" (singular ""pinna""). Plants with pinnate leaves are sometimes colloquially called ""feather-leaved"". Most of the following definitions are from Jackson's Glossary of Botanical Terms: The term ""pinnula"" (plural: ""pinnulae"") is the Latin diminutive of ""pinna"" (plural: ""pinnae""); either as such or in the Anglicised form: ""pinnule"", it is differently defined by various authorities. Some apply it to the leaflets of a pinna, especially the leaflets of bipinnate or tripinnate leaves. Others also or alternatively apply it to second or third order divisions of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf. It is the ultimate free"
"stalk connecting them to the main stem. In botany, this leaf stalk is generally called a petiole, but in regard to fronds specifically it is called a stipe, and it supports a flattened blade (which may be called a lamina), and the continuation of the stipe into this portion is called the rachis. The blades may be simple (undivided), pinnatifid (deeply incised, but not truly compound), pinnate (compound with the leaflets arranged along a rachis to resemble a feather), or further compound (subdivided). If compound, a frond may be compound once, twice, or more. If a frond is pinnate, each"
"Leaflet (botany) A leaflet (occasionally called foliole) in botany is a leaf-like part of a compound leaf. Though it resembles an entire leaf, a leaflet is not borne on a main plant stem or branch, as a leaf is, but rather on a petiole or a branch of the leaf. Compound leaves are common in many plant families and they differ widely in morphology. The two main classes of compound leaf morphology are palmate and pinnate. For example, a ""hemp"" plant has palmate compound leaves, whereas some species of ""Acacia"" have pinnate leaves. The ultimate free division (or leaflet) of"
"are an easy characteristic to observe. Edge and margin are interchangeable in the sense that they both refer to the outside perimeter of a leaf. Leaves may also be folded or rolled in various ways. The folding of leaves within a bud is vernation, ptyxis is the folding of an individual leaf in a bud. The Latin word for 'leaf', , is neuter. In descriptions of a single leaf, the neuter singular ending of the adjective is used, e.g. 'lanceolate leaf', 'linear leaf'. In descriptions of multiple leaves, the neuter plural is used, e.g. 'linear leaves'. Descriptions commonly refer to"
"Frond A frond is a large, divided leaf. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group. Other botanists allow the term frond to also apply to the large leaves of cycads and palms (Arecaceae). ""Frond"" is commonly used to identify a large, compound leaf, but if the term is used botanically to refer to the leaves of ferns and algae it may be applied to smaller and undivided leaves. Fronds have particular terms describing their components. Like all leaves, fronds usually have a"
"a compound leaf, or a pinnate subdivision of a multipinnate leaf is called a pinnule or pinnula. Leaflet (botany) A leaflet (occasionally called foliole) in botany is a leaf-like part of a compound leaf. Though it resembles an entire leaf, a leaflet is not borne on a main plant stem or branch, as a leaf is, but rather on a petiole or a branch of the leaf. Compound leaves are common in many plant families and they differ widely in morphology. The two main classes of compound leaf morphology are palmate and pinnate. For example, a ""hemp"" plant has palmate"
"Phyllotaxis In botany, phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem (from Ancient Greek ""leaf"" and ""arrangement""). Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature. The basic arrangements of leaves on a stem are opposite and alternate (also known as spiral). Leaves may also be whorled if several leaves arise, or appear to arise, from the same level (at the same node) on a stem. With an opposite leaf arrangement, two leaves arise from the stem at the same level (at the same node), on opposite sides of the stem. An opposite leaf pair"
"meaning lacking or having a leaf stalk. The blades of the leaves may be anything from cordate, ovate, obovate, elliptic, or oblong in shape to spatulate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate. They are usually gradually reduced distally, meaning they taper towards the apex. The leaf margins can be entire or serrate, i.e. toothed, though they may also occasionally be spinulose-serrate, that is being toothed with small spines. The leaf surfaces are glabrate to hairy and are usually eglandular, though they may sometimes be stipitate-glandular. The capitula, or flower heads, are radiate and typically appear in corymbiform arrays, but in rare cases they"
"or crozier (see circinate vernation), although cycad and palm fronds do not have this pattern of new leaf growth. Fronds may bear hairs, scales, glands, and, in some species, bulblets for vegetative reproduction. Frond A frond is a large, divided leaf. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group. Other botanists allow the term frond to also apply to the large leaves of cycads and palms (Arecaceae). ""Frond"" is commonly used to identify a large, compound leaf, but if the term is used"
"some called sourgrasses. For the genus as a whole, the term oxalises is also used. These plants are annual or perennial. The leaves are divided into three to ten or more obovate and top notched leaflets, arranged palmately with all the leaflets of roughly equal size. The majority of species have three leaflets; in these species, the leaves are superficially similar to those of some clovers. Some species exhibit rapid changes in leaf angle in response to temporarily high light intensity to decrease photoinhibition. The flowers have five petals, which are usually fused at the base, and ten stamens. The"
"Arachnoid (botany) Arachnoid as a descriptive term in botany, refers to organs such as leaves or stems that have a cobwebby exterior appearance, from being covered with fine white hairs, usually tangled. Such material is one common cause of plants having a grey or white appearance. The usages of various authors in distinguishing between ""arachnoid"" and a few other terms referring to hairiness, such as floccose, pubescent, tomentum, cottony, or villous, tend to be arbitrary, but as a rule the term is best reserved for hairiness lighter than a felted layer, and inclined to rub off or to be easily"
"have petiolules and stipels, the equivalents of the petioles and stipules of leaves. Because each leaflet can appear to be a simple leaf, it is important to recognize where the petiole occurs to identify a compound leaf. Compound leaves are a characteristic of some families of higher plants, such as the Fabaceae. The middle vein of a compound leaf or a frond, when it is present, is called a rachis. Petiolated leaves have a petiole (leaf stalk), and are said to be petiolate. Sessile (epetiolate) leaves have no petiole and the blade attaches directly to the stem. Subpetiolate leaves are"
"Not all textbooks use the same terms, or use them in the same way. The term ""felted"" is commonly used in describing any part of a plant covered with dense white fur, whether tangled or not. Part of the reason is that plants themselves vary so much that there seldom is much practical value to trying to be too precise; for example there is no clear boundary to separate terms such as ""felt(ed)"", ""arachnoid"", ""indumentum"" and ""tomentose"", and usages vary. In botany, as opposed to mycology, ""felted"" seldom refers to internal tissues, but rather to furriness on the outside of"
"be simple, with a single leaf blade, or compound, with several leaflets. In flowering plants, as well as the blade of the leaf, there may be a petiole and stipules; compound leaves may have a rachis supporting the leaflets. Leaf structure is described by several terms that include: Being one of the more visible features, leaf shape is commonly used for plant identification. Similar terms are used for other plant parts, such as petals, tepals, and bracts. Leaf margins (edges) are frequently used in visual plant identification because they are usually consistent within a species or group of species, and"
"or thistles""), which is the origin of Chardonnay, the name of the grape variety. It is also related to the word ""card"", which as a noun means a device (often a stiff-bristled brush) for aligning and cleaning fibers, and as a verb means the action of processing fibers in that way. These are usually annual or biennial herbs, sometimes perennial. Species often grow 2 meters in height but are known to reach 4 meters. The erect stems are winged and spiny, and usually have woolly hairs. The leaf blades are hairy to hairless and entire or divided into lobes, and"
"Spotted bamboo Spotted bamboo refers to several types of bamboo with stems that are mottled by dark spots, sometimes considered to be within the genus ""Phyllostachys"" and forms of ""Phyllostachys bambusoides"", also known as teardrop bamboo and as mottled bamboo. Phyllostachys bambusoides"" forma. ""lacrima-deae is widely encountered. ""Phyllostachys bambusoides"" forma. ""lacrima-deae"", is native to Hunan, Henan, Jianxi and Zhejiang, and especially the Jiuyi Mountains areas of China. The stems of the spotted bamboos are esteemed and cost-effective for making the handles of Chinese brushes, used for calligraphy and painting. Examples of brushes from the eighth century CE (corresponding to the"
"Terete Terete is a term used in botany to describe a cross section that is circular, or like a distorted circle, with a single surface wrapping around it. This is usually contrasted with cross-sections that are flattened, with a distinct upper surface that is different from the lower surface. The cross-section of a branch in a tree is somewhat round, so the branch is terete. The cross section of a normal leaf has an upper surface, and a lower surface, so the leaf is not terete. However, the fleshy leaves of succulents are sometimes terete. Fruticose lichens are terete, with"
"structures such as a spathe, where there is only one element, a convolute (or ""convolutive"") element is spirally wrapped around itself or its branch. This is common in the buds of leaves and inflorescences of members of the family Araceae. Convolute (botany) Convolute as a verb literally means to ""roll together"" or ""roll around"", from the Latin ""convolvere"". In general application the word can mean to ""tangle"" or ""complicate"", but in botanical descriptions convolute usually is an adjective from the Latin ""convolutus"", meaning ""rolled around"". It commonly refers to a special class of imbricate structures — those where the overlapping"
"produce flattened stems with overlapping scales or leaves in two or more ranks, the middle rank is often conspicuously different from the outer ranks; these are called ""leafy liverworts"" or ""scale liverworts"". (""See the gallery below for examples."") Liverworts can most reliably be distinguished from the apparently similar mosses by their single-celled rhizoids. Other differences are not universal for all mosses and all liverworts; but the lack of clearly differentiated stem and leaves in thallose species, or in leafy species the presence of deeply lobed or segmented leaves and the presence of leaves arranged in three ranks, all point to"
"terms ""pinnation"" and ""pennation"" are cognate, and although they are sometimes used distinctly, there is no consistent difference in the meaning or usage of the two words. Botanically, pinnation is an arrangement of discrete structures (such as leaflets, veins, lobes, branches, or appendages) arising at multiple points along a common axis. For example, once-divided leaf blades having leaflets arranged on both sides of a rachis are pinnately compound leaves. Many palms (notably the feather palms) and most cycads and grevilleas have pinnately divided leaves. Most species of ferns have pinnate or more highly divided fronds, and in ferns the leaflets"
"Convolute (botany) Convolute as a verb literally means to ""roll together"" or ""roll around"", from the Latin ""convolvere"". In general application the word can mean to ""tangle"" or ""complicate"", but in botanical descriptions convolute usually is an adjective from the Latin ""convolutus"", meaning ""rolled around"". It commonly refers to a special class of imbricate structures — those where the overlapping edges of leaves, scales or similar elements are spirally wrapped, each scale having one edge within the previous scale and one outside the next scale. In the family Restionaceae the leaf sheaths commonly are convolute in this sense. However in"
"Spots are very common on leaves and fruits and are probably the most familiar necrotic symptom. Sometimes the necrotic tissue within a leaf spot may crack and fall off from the surrounding green tissue leaving an empty space. Such a symptom is known as a shot hole. Minute or very small spots are sometimes referred to as flecks or specks. When dark mycelia of a fungal pathogen appear on the surface of necrotic spot, blotting the leaves, shoots, an stems as large and irregular spots, the symptom is referred to as a blotch. Both streaks and stripes occur in grasses"
"Stipule In botany, stipule (Latin ""stipula"": straw, stalk) is a term coined by Linnaeus which refers to outgrowths borne on either side (sometimes just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). A pair of stipules is considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many species the stipules are inconspicuous or entirely absent (and the leaf is then termed exstipulate). In some older botanical writing, the term ""stipule"" was used more generally to refer to any small leaves or leaf-parts, notably prophylls. The position of stipules on a plant varies"
"measured values are displayed in a graph showing the mottle size on the X-axis and the rating value on the Y-axis. Thus, target values for small and large mottle sizes can be established for paint batch approval as well as process control. Military battledress often use a mottle pattern, such as Frog Skin and Flecktarn. Mottle Mottle is a pattern of irregular marks, spots, streaks, blotches or patches of different shades or colours. It is commonly used to describe the surface of plants or the skin of animals. In plants, mottling usually consists of yellowish spots on plants, and is"
"the leaf are rolled up towards the under (abaxial) surface of the leaf. Vernation Vernation (from ""vernal"" meaning ""spring"", since that is when leaves spring forth in temperate regions) is the formation of new leaves or fronds. In plant anatomy, it is the arrangement of leaves in a bud. In pine species, new leaves are short and encased in sheaths. Each leaf bundle consists of 2 to 5 needles. All the leaves on one section of branch grow in length together. In cabbage species, new leaves are folded over, each covered by the previous leaf. Circinate vernation is the manner"
"relevant way. In practice the commonest use is in reference to a plant's habit, in particular its leaves. The term is not precise, but ""ericoid leaves"" is a convenient way to describe small, tough (sclerophyllous) leaves like those of heather. Applied to a plant, ericoid generally means that apart from its sclerophyllous leaves, it has short internodes so that the leaves more or less cover the usually slender branchlets. Ericoid The word ""ericoid"" is used in modern biological terminology for its literal meanings and for extensions. Etymologically the word is derived from two Greek roots via Latin adaptations. Firstly, the"
"can be thought of as a whorl of two leaves. With an alternate (spiral) pattern, each leaf arises at a different point (node) on the stem. Distichous phyllotaxis, also called ""two-ranked leaf arrangement"" is a special case of either opposite or alternate leaf arrangement where the leaves on a stem are arranged in two vertical columns on opposite sides of the stem. Examples include various bulbous plants such as ""Boophone"". It also occurs in other plant habits such as those of ""Gasteria"" or ""Aloe"" seedlings, and also in mature plants of related species such as ""Kumara plicatilis"" (""Aloe plicatilis""). In"
"when it has been plucked. Other words for twig include branchlet, spray, and surcle, as well as the technical terms surculus and ramulus. Branches found under larger branches can be called underbranches. Some branches from specific trees have their own names, such as osiers and withes or withies, which come from willows. Often trees have certain words which, in English, are naturally collocated, such as holly and mistletoe, which usually employ the phrase ""sprig of"" (as in, a ""sprig of mistletoe""). Similarly, the branch of a cherry tree is generally referred to as a ""cherry branch"", while other such formations"
"Graminoid In botany and ecology, graminoid refers to a herbaceous plant with a grass-like morphology, i.e. elongated culms with long, blade-like leaves. They are contrasted to forbs, herbaceous plants without grass-like features. The plants most often referred to include the families Poaceae (grasses in the strict sense), Cyperaceae (sedges), and Juncaceae (rushes). These are not closely related but belong to different clades in the order Poales. The grasses (Poaceae) are by far the largest family with some 12,000 species. Besides their similar morphology, graminoids share the widespread occurrence and often dominance in open habitats such as grasslands or marshes. They"