"between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is the first element in the lanthanide series. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series,"
"oxide and siliceous beryllium (ASTM D7458). Beryllium Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element in the universe, usually occurring as a product of the spallation of larger atomic nuclei that have collided with cosmic rays. Within the cores of stars beryllium is depleted as it is fused and creates larger elements. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl (aquamarine, emerald) and chrysoberyl. As a free element it is a steel-gray, strong, lightweight and"
"Beryllium Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is a relatively rare element in the universe, usually occurring as a product of the spallation of larger atomic nuclei that have collided with cosmic rays. Within the cores of stars beryllium is depleted as it is fused and creates larger elements. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Notable gemstones which contain beryllium include beryl (aquamarine, emerald) and chrysoberyl. As a free element it is a steel-gray, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline earth metal. Beryllium improves"
"avoid a potentially vigorous chemical reaction, barium metal is kept in an argon atmosphere or under mineral oils. Contact with air is dangerous and may cause ignition. Moisture, friction, heat, sparks, flames, shocks, static electricity, and exposure to oxidizers and acids should be avoided. Anything that may contact with barium should be electrically grounded. Anyone who works with the metal should wear pre-cleaned non-sparking shoes, flame-resistant rubber clothes, rubber gloves, apron, goggles, and a gas mask. Smoking in the working area is forbidden. Thorough washing is required after handling barium. Barium Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and"
"Unbiunium Unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or simply element 121, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Ubu and atomic number 121. ""Unbiunium"" and ""Ubu"" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be the first of the superactinides, and the third element in the eighth period: analogously to lanthanum and actinium, it could be considered the fifth member of group 3 and the first member of the fifth-row transition metals. It has attracted attention because of some predictions that it"
"Ba atom at the center: Ba in the bottom unit cell, Y in the middle one, and Ba in the top unit cell. Thus, Y and Ba are stacked in the sequence [Ba–Y–Ba] along the c-axis. All corner sites of the unit cell are occupied by Cu, which has two different coordinations, Cu(1) and Cu(2), with respect to oxygen. There are four possible crystallographic sites for oxygen: O(1), O(2), O(3) and O(4). The coordination polyhedra of Y and Ba with respect to oxygen are different. The tripling of the perovskite unit cell leads to nine oxygen atoms, whereas YBaCuO has"
"Gallium Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. It is in group 13 of the periodic table, and thus has similarities to the other metals of the group, aluminium, indium, and thallium. Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Elemental gallium is a soft, silvery blue metal at standard temperature and pressure, a brittle solid at low temperatures, and a liquid at temperatures greater than (above room temperature, but below the normal human body temperature of , hence, the"
"NaAt, KAt, RbAt, CsAt, FeAt, FeAt, PbAt, HAt, CuAt BaBr, BaCO, BaCl, Ba(ClO), BaCuO, Ba(OH), BaF, BaI, Ba(NO), BaO, BaO, BaSO, BaS, BaTiO, YBaCuO or YBCO BkBr, Bk(CO), BkCl, BkF, BkI, Bk(NO), BkO, BkPO, Bk(SO), BkS BeBr, BeCO, BeCl, BeF, BeH, Be(OH), BeI, Be(NO), BeN, BeO, BeSO, BeSO, Be(BH), BeTe BiCl, BiF, Bi(NO).5HO, BiO, BiTe, BiOCl, BiSrCaCuO, (BiO)CO, BiO(OH)(NO), Bi(OSOCF), Bh, add Bohrium compounds here NHBF, CHB, BH.THF, NaBO·10HO, BNH, HBO, BC, BN, BO, BO, BBr, BCl, BF, HCBH, BH, BH, LaB, LiBO, LiBH, LiBF, Li(""sec""-CH)BH, LiBH(CH), NaBH, NaBF, NaBHCN, NaB(CH), BH, HBF, TiB, B(OCH), (CHBO), WB AlBr, NHBr, BBr,"
"Protactinium Protactinium (formerly protoactinium) is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds in which protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but it can also assume +4 and even +3 or +2 states. Concentrations of protactinium in the Earth's crust are typically a few parts per trillion, but may reach up to a few parts per million in some uraninite ore deposits. Because of its scarcity, high radioactivity and high toxicity, there are"
"of metals. Cu comes from Cuprum, Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum. The symbols were not followed by a period (full stop) as with abbreviations. Later chemical elements were also assigned unique chemical symbols, based on the name of the element, but not necessarily in English. For example, sodium has the chemical symbol 'Na' after the Latin ""natrium"". The same applies to ""W"" (wolfram) for tungsten, ""Fe"" (ferrum) for iron, ""Hg"" (hydrargyrum) for mercury, ""Sn"" (stannum) for tin, ""K"" (kalium) for potassium, ""Au"" (aurum) for gold, ""Ag"" (argentum) for silver, ""Pb"" (plumbum) for lead, ""Cu"" (cuprum) for copper, and"
"Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite. Aluminium metal is so chemically reactive that native specimens are rare and limited to extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is found combined in over 270 different"
"Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was later thought by alchemists to be due to the known metal bismuth. Miners had long used the name ""kobold ore"" (German"
"the next member of this series, calculations suggest that the next element of this series might actually be element 166. Alkaline earth metal The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). The elements have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure. Structurally, they have in common an outer s- electron shell which is full; that is, this orbital contains its full complement of two electrons, which these elements readily"
"may permit higher oxidation states, just like in elements 119 and 120. The standard electrode potential for the Ubu/Ubu couple is predicted as −2.1 V. Unbiunium Unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or simply element 121, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Ubu and atomic number 121. ""Unbiunium"" and ""Ubu"" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be the first of the superactinides, and the third element in the eighth period: analogously to lanthanum and actinium, it could be considered"
"alloys with aluminium, cadmium, copper and manganese are used to make high performance parts for aircraft, most notably the external tank of the Space Shuttle. Beryllium (Be) is the chemical element with atomic number 4, occurring in the form of Be. At standard temperature and pressure, beryllium is a strong, steel-grey, light-weight, brittle, bivalent alkali earth metal, with a density of 1.85 g·cm. It also has one of the highest melting points of all the light metals. Beryllium's most common isotope is Be, which contains 4 protons and 5 neutrons. It makes up almost 100% of all naturally occurring beryllium"
"Unbinilium Unbinilium, also known as eka-radium or simply element 120, is the hypothetical chemical element in the periodic table with symbol Ubn and atomic number 120. ""Unbinilium"" and ""Ubn"" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkaline earth metal, and the second element in the eighth period. It has attracted attention because of some predictions that it may be in the island of stability, although newer calculations expect the island to actually occur at a slightly"
"is 1036.9 Å, with 12 formula units per cell. The electrical resistivity at room temperature is 2.5×10 Ohm·cm. Various merchandise has been produced with periodic table like entries of Ba Zn Ga, including clothing and mugs. A substance with a similar looking formula BaZnGaO, a barium zinc gallate, is a barium ion conductor. BaZnGa BaZnGa (barium zinc gallide) is a ternary compound of barium, gallium and zinc that was inspired by the saying ""Bazinga!"" from Sheldon Cooper on ""The Big Bang Theory"" television series. It is a poor metal. BaZnGa crystals can be grown by adding gallium to a BaZn"
"Bismuth Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a pentavalent post-transition metal and one of the pnictogens with chemical properties resembling its lighter homologs arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. The free element is 86% as dense as lead. It is a brittle metal with a silvery white color when freshly produced, but surface oxidation can give it a pink tinge. Bismuth is marginally radioactive, and the most naturally diamagnetic element, and has one of the lowest values of thermal conductivity among"
"are faced by cobalt miners. Cobalt can be effectively absorbed by charred pigs' bones; however, this process is inhibited by copper and zinc, which have greater affinities to bone char. Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a"
"noble metals. The Δ""H"" and −Δ""H"" values are correlated for the alkaline earth metals. Unbinilium Unbinilium, also known as eka-radium or simply element 120, is the hypothetical chemical element in the periodic table with symbol Ubn and atomic number 120. ""Unbinilium"" and ""Ubn"" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkaline earth metal, and the second element in the eighth period. It has attracted attention because of some predictions that it may be in the island"
"Barium ferrite Barium ferrite, abbreviated BaFe, BaM, is the chemical compound with the formula BaFeO. This and related ferrite materials are components in magnetic stripe cards and loudspeaker magnets. BaFe is described as Ba(Fe)(O). The Fe centers are ferromagnetically coupled. This area of technology is usually considered to be an application of the related fields of materials science and solid state chemistry. Barium ferrite is a highly magnetic material, has a high packing density, and is a metal oxide. Studies of this material date at least as far back as 1931, and it has found applications in magnetic card strips,"
"(not avgas), and laboratory cultures can degrade aluminium. However, these life forms do not directly attack or consume the aluminium; rather, the metal is corroded by microbe waste products. Aluminium Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic and ductile metal in the boron group. By mass, aluminium makes up about 8% of the Earth's crust; it is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon and the most abundant metal in the crust, though it is less common in the mantle below. The chief ore of"
"Ba(N). Azides of the B-subgroup metals (those in groups 11 through 16) are much less ionic, have more complicated structures, and detonate readily when shocked. Many covalent binary nitrides are known. Examples include cyanogen ((CN)), triphosphorus pentanitride (PN), disulfur dinitride (SN), and tetrasulfur tetranitride (SN). The essentially covalent silicon nitride (SiN) and germanium nitride (GeN) are also known: silicon nitride in particular would make a promising ceramic if not for the difficulty of working with and sintering it. In particular, the group 13 nitrides, most of which are promising semiconductors, are isoelectronic with graphite, diamond, and silicon carbide and have"
"Barium nitrate Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba(NO). It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics. Barium nitrate is manufactured by two processes that start with the main source material for barium, the carbonate. The first involves dissolving barium carbonate in nitric acid, allowing any iron impurities to precipitate, then filtered, evaporated, and crystallized. The second requires combining barium sulfide with nitric acid. It occurs naturally as the very rare mineral ""nitrobarite"". At elevated temperatures, barium"
"Calcium Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium. The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium. The"
"more could be fatal to a human. The insoluble salts, however, are non-toxic. Dysprosium Dysprosium is a chemical element with symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven isotopes, the most abundant of which is Dy. Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but it was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion exchange techniques in"
"Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of March 2017, no discovered elements have such a name), and are written with the first letter capitalized. Earlier chemical element symbols stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because"
"be colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin ""Molybdaenum"", from Ancient Greek , meaning ""lead"", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in"
"than 0.05% of naturally occurring radioactive uranium and thorium. [2]. BP Mandal, AK Tyagi - Barc Newslett, 2010 - barc.gov.in Pyrochlore Pyrochlore (Na,Ca)NbO(OH,F) is a mineral group of the niobium end member of the pyrochlore supergroup. The general formula, ABO (A and B are metals), represent a family of phases isostructural to the mineral pyrochlore. Pyrochlores are important class of materials from the point of view of diverse technological applications like in luminescence, ionic conductivity, nuclear waste immobilization, high temperature thermal barrier coatings, automobile exhaust gas control, catalysts, solid oxide fuel cell, ionic/electric conductors etc. The mineral is associated with"
"Barium metaphosphate Barium metaphosphate is an inorganic substance with the molecular formula Ba(PO). It is a colourless solid that is insoluble in water, though is soluble in acidic solutions through ""slow dissolution"". X-ray crystallography shows that this material is composed of Ba cations attached to a polyphosphate ((PO)) anion. A number of hydrated forms are known which are actually cyclic metaphosphates, Ba(PO)·3.5HO, Ba(PO)·6HO. Barium metaphosphate can be prepared by the reaction of barium carbonate with metaphosphoric acid:- or alternatively by the aqueous reaction of barium chloride and sodium metaphosphate:- BaCl(aq) + 2NaPO(aq) → Ba(PO) + 2NaCl The combination of sodium"
"Bohrium Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. It is radioactive: its most stable known isotope, Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds, though the unconfirmed Bh may have a longer half-life of about 690 seconds. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 7 elements as the fifth member"
"Samarium Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium(II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role but is only slightly toxic. Samarium was discovered in 1879 by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and named after the"
"element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uraniumores. Polonium has been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. As it is unstable, all isotopes of polonium are radioactive. There is disagreement as to whether polonium is a post-transition metal or metalloid. Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays"