"Citrus myrtifolia Citrus myrtifolia, the myrtle-leaved orange tree, is a species of ""Citrus"" with foliage similar to that of the common myrtle. It is a compact tree with small leaves and no thorns which grows to a height of three metres and can be found in Malta, Libya, the south of France and Italy (primarily in Liguria, typically Savona, and also in Tuscany, Sicily and Calabria). The fruit of the tree resemble small oranges. They are sour or bitter and are commonly called by their Italian name, ""chinotto"". They are an essential flavoring agent of most Italian amari, of the"
"orange, according to Swingle, belongs to a citrus related genera, called Poncirus, while grapefruit equivocally belongs to the genus citrus, hence the botanical name ""X citroncirus"" is a hybrid genus, derived from citrus and poncirus. Citrumelo Citrumelo or Citromelo (""X Citroncirus"" spp.) is also called ""Swingle citrumelo trifoliate hybrid"", because it is a cold hardy citrus hybrid between a 'Duncan' grapefruit and a trifoliate orange (""Poncirus trifoliata"" (L.) Raf.), developed by Walter Tennyson Swingle. Citrumelo is widely employed as a citrus rootstock, being resistant to the severe citrus tristeza virus and to the Phytophthora foot rot as well as to"
"originated with the Spanish Conquistadors. The agronomists of classical Rome already made many references to the cultivation of citrus fruits within the limits of their empire. King Louis XIV of France housed citrus in orangeries, to protect the tropical fruit to be grown in the 1600s France. The generic name originated from Latin, where it referred to either the plant now known as citron (""C. medica"") or a conifer tree (""Thuja""). It is somehow related to the ancient Greek word for cedar, κέδρος (""kédros""). This may be due to perceived similarities in the smell of citrus leaves and fruit with"
"common name for the fruit among English authors. The word ""pomelo"" (also spelled pomello, pummelo, pommelo, pumelo) has become the more common name, although ""pomelo"" has historically been used for grapefruit. (The 1973 printing of the American Heritage Dictionary, for example, gives grapefruit as the only meaning of ""pomelo."") The etymology of the word ""pomelo"" is complex. In Tamil it is called ""pampa limāsu"", which means big citrus. The name was adopted by the Portuguese as ""pomposos limões"" and then by the Dutch as ""pompelmoes"". With some deviations, the name may be found in many European languages, such as German"
"example of this can be observed in ""Hedera helix"", a species of ivy. The term pith is also used to refer to the pale, spongy inner layer of the rind, more properly called mesocarp or albedo, of citrus fruits (such as oranges) and other hesperidia. The word comes from the Old English word ""piþa"", meaning substance, akin to Middle Dutch ""pitt"", meaning the pit of a fruit. The pith of the sola or other similar plants is used to make the pith helmet. The pith of the sago palm, although highly toxic to animals in its raw form, is an"
"very strongly scented. The fruit is a ""hesperidium"", a specialised berry, globose to elongated, long and diameter, with a leathery rind or ""peel"" called a pericarp. The outermost layer of the pericarp is an ""exocarp"" called the flavedo, commonly referred to as the zest. The middle layer of the pericarp is the mesocarp, which in citrus fruits consists of the white, spongy ""albedo"", or ""pith"". The innermost layer of the pericarp is the endocarp. The space inside each segment is a locule filled with juice vesicles, or ""pulp"". From the endocarp, string-like ""hairs"" extend into the locules, which provide nourishment"
"a result, the apple became a symbol for knowledge, immortality, temptation, the fall of man and sin. The classical Greek word μήλον (mēlon), or dialectal μᾶλον (mālon), now a loanword in English as melon, meant tree fruit in general, but was borrowed into Latin as """", meaning 'apple'. The similarity of this word to Latin ("""") , meaning 'evil', may also have influenced the apple's becoming interpreted as the biblical 'forbidden fruit' in the commonly used Latin translation called ""Vulgate"". The larynx in the human throat has been called Adam's apple because of the folk tale that the bulge was"
"and pomelo. The fruit is of medium size and its shape is round to slightly oblong. When ripe, it turns a light yellow. Its flesh is juicy and sweet with a slightly sour taste. It is usually eaten cut up, sprinkled with sugar and with most of its rather thick pith intact. The fruit's oil is higher than other citrus fruits in trans-β-farnesene, l-carvone, and has a higher number of ketones. Hyuganatsu Hyuganatsu (""Citrus tamurana"", Japanese: 日向夏) is a citrus fruit and plant grown in Japan. The name comes from Hyūga, the ancient name of Miyazaki Prefecture in Kyushu, where"
"(""C. paradisi"" Macf.); Red-fleshed pummelo (""C. grandis"" Tan.); or Wekiwa tangelo (""C. reticulata"" × ""C. paradisi""). Numerous additional comparable analyses of the synephrine content of ""Citrus"" fruits and products derived from them may be found in the research literature. Low levels of synephrine have been found in normal human urine, as well as in other mammalian tissue. To reduce the likelihood that the synephrine detected in urine had a dietary origin, the subjects tested by Ibrahim and co-workers abstained from the consumption of any citrus products for 48 hours prior to providing urine samples. A recent study of synephrine in"
"dietary fiber, total polyphenols, carotenoids, limonene and dietary minerals, such as potassium and magnesium. Orange (fruit) The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ""Citrus"" × ""sinensis"" in the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related ""Citrus × aurantium"", referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (""Citrus maxima"") and mandarin (""Citrus reticulata""). The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full"
"distributed in Europe and the United States between November and April, and is on occasion available from July to September. Ugli fruit The ugli or ugli fruit is a Jamaican form of tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is ""Citrus reticulata"" × ""Citrus paradisi"". Ugli was discovered growing wild (possibly having developed in the same way grapefruit was created) in Jamaica, where it is mainly grown today. The name is a variation of the word ""ugly"", which refers to the fruit's unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind,"
"other types and hybrids. As the interfertility of oranges and other citrus has produced numerous hybrids and cultivars, and bud mutations have also been selected, citrus taxonomy is fairly controversial, confusing or inconsistent. The fruit of any citrus tree is considered a hesperidium, a kind of modified berry; it is covered by a rind originated by a rugged thickening of the ovary wall. Different names have been given to the many varieties of the genus. ""Orange"" applies primarily to the sweet orange – ""Citrus sinensis"" (L.) Osbeck. The orange tree is an evergreen, flowering tree, with an average height of"
"Citron The citron (""Citrus medica"") is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes. The fruit's English name ""citron"" derives ultimately from Latin, ""citrus"", which is also"
"such as citronellal (0.6%) and 2-methylundecanal. Other oxygenated compounds include nerol (0.22%) and trans-linalool oxide (0.15%). Hybrid forms of the kumquat include the following: Kumquat Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English, ; ""Citrus japonica"") are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus ""Fortunella"", or placed within ""Citrus sensu lato"". The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (""Citrus sinensis"") in color and shape but is much smaller, being approximately the size of a large olive. Kumquat is a fairly cold-hardy citrus. The English name ""kumquat"" derives"
"Discord, obtained the Apple of Discord, which led to the Trojan War. In later years it was thought that the ""golden apples"" might have actually been oranges, a fruit unknown to Europe and the Mediterranean before the Middle Ages. Under this assumption, the Greek botanical name chosen for all citrus species was ""Hesperidoeidē"" (Ἑσπεριδοειδῆ, ""hesperidoids"") and even today the Greek word for the orange fruit is πορτοκάλι (Portokáli)--after the country of Portugal in Iberia near where the Garden of the Hesperides grew. After Heracles completed his first ten Labours, Eurystheus gave him two more claiming that neither the Hydra counted"
"means the lichen omphalias. Long before the connection was made between the nonlichenized agaric fruitbodies and the lichenized thalli, botanists and lichenologists named the asexual lichen thalli of ""Lichenomphalia"" species several times in a number of genera. Linnaeus in 1753 described the lichen thallus of ""L. umbellifera"" as an 'alga' named ""Byssus botryoides"" while simultaneously including the fruitbodies of ""L. umbellifera"" within his concept of ""Agaricus umbelliferus"", the basionym for the name ""L. umbellifera"". ""Byssus botryoides"" is the type species of the now officially rejected generic names ""Phytoconis"" and ""Botrydina"". Acharius in 1810 described the thalli of ""L. hudsoniana"" as"
"a round face like the fruit. Kabosu Kabosu (カボス or 臭橙; Binomial name: ""Citrus sphaerocarpa"") is a citrus fruit of an evergreen broad-leaf tree in the Rutaceae family. It is popular in Japan, where its juice is used to improve the taste of many dishes, especially cooked fish, sashimi, and hot pot dishes. Kabosu is a juicy citrus fruit closely related to yuzu. Its juice has the sharpness of lemon, and it is used instead of vinegar in some Japanese dishes. It grows on a flowering shrub or tree with sharp thorns. The fruit is harvested when still green, but"
"by the larvae of a large number of Lepidoptera species; see list of Lepidoptera that feed on ""Malus"". The fruit is a globose pome, varying in size from diameter in most of the wild species, to in ""M. sylvestris sieversii"", in ""M. domestica"", and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged star-like, each containing one or two seeds. For the ""Malus pumila"" cultivars, the culinary, and eating apples, see Apple. Crabapples are popular as compact ornamental trees, providing blossom in Spring and colourful fruit in Autumn. The fruits often persist throughout"
"temptation, the fall of man into sin, and sin itself. The larynx in the human throat has been called the ""Adam's apple"" because of a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit remaining in the throat of Adam. The apple as symbol of sexual seduction has been used to imply human sexuality, possibly in an ironic vein. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock. Different cultivars are available for temperate and subtropical climates. The UK's National Fruit"
"that of cedar. Collectively, ""Citrus"" fruits and plants are also known by the Romance loanword agrumes (literally ""sour fruits""). The large citrus fruit of today evolved originally from small, edible berries over millions of years. Citrus plants diverged from a common ancestor about 15 million years ago, which was about when it diverged from the closely related severinia, for example the Chinese box orange. About 7 million years ago, citrus plants diverged into two groups, the main citrus genus and the ancestors of the Trifoliate orange (poncirus), which is closely enough related that it can still be hybridized with all"
"of the tree [literally ""wood"" ] of knowledge of good and evil"" (""mali"" here is the genitive of ""malum""). The larynx, specifically the laryngeal prominence that joins the thyroid cartilage, in the human throat is noticeably more prominent in males and was consequently called an Adam's apple, from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit getting stuck in Adam's throat as he swallowed it. Rabbi Meir says that the fruit was a grape, made into wine. The Zohar explains similarly that Noah attempted (but failed) to rectify the sin of Adam by using grape wine for holy"
"Bergamot orange Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange (pronounced ), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange. Extracts have been used to scent food, perfumes, and cosmetics. Use on the skin can increase photosensitivity, resulting in greater damage from sun exposure. The word bergamot is etymologically derived from the Italian word """"bergamotto"""", ultimately of Turkish origin: ""bey armudu"" or ""bey armut"" (""prince's"
"the likeness between the fruit and the body part. The modern English name comes from an English rendering of the Spanish ""aguacate"" as ""avogato"". The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as ""avogato pear"", a term which was later corrupted as ""alligator pear"". Because the word ""avogato"" sounded like ""advocate"", several languages reinterpreted it to have that meaning. French uses ""avocat"", which also means ""lawyer"", and ""advocate""-forms of the word appear in several Germanic languages, such as the (now obsolete) German ""Advogato-Birne"", the old Danish ""advokat-pære"" (today it is called ""avocado"") and the Dutch ""advocaatpeer"". In"
"Orange (fruit) The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ""Citrus"" × ""sinensis"" in the family Rutaceae. It is also called sweet orange, to distinguish it from the related ""Citrus × aurantium"", referred to as bitter orange. The sweet orange reproduces asexually (apomixis through nucellar embryony); varieties of sweet orange arise through mutations. The orange is a hybrid between pomelo (""Citrus maxima"") and mandarin (""Citrus reticulata""). The chloroplast genome, and therefore the maternal line, is that of pomelo. The sweet orange has had its full genome sequenced. Sweet oranges were mentioned in Chinese literature in 314 BC. , orange"
"fungi as edible, though not necessarily choice, with no particularly notable continental lookalikes. The orange peel fungus grows on bare clay or disturbed soil throughout North America and Europe. It has also been found in the south of Chile. ""Aleuria aurantia"" fruits mainly in late summer and autumn. Aleuria aurantia The orange peel fungus (""Aleuria aurantia"") is a widespread ascomycete fungus in the order Pezizales. The brilliant orange, cup-shaped ascocarps often resemble orange peels strewn on the ground, giving this species its common name. Christiaan Hendrik Persoon described the orange peel as ""Peziza aurantia"" in 1800. The specific epithet is"
"is part of the USDA's germplasm collection in Miami, Florida, and an example is also planted at the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida. The fruit is of oval shape, averaging under a pound in weight at maturity. It has smooth skin that turns yellow orange at maturity with some red blush. The apex is rounded and contains no beak. The flesh has a strong aroma, and is fiberless, rich, and sweet. It contains a monoembryonic seed. In Florida the fruit usually ripens from late June to July. The tree is a vigorous grower and"
"folk taxonomy, are: All of these hybrids have in turn been bred back with their parent stocks or with other pure or hybrid citrus to form a broad array of fruits. Naming of these is inconsistent, with some bearing a variant of the name of one of the parents or simply another citrus with superficially-similar fruit, a distinct name, or a portmanteau of ancestral species. The Ponderosa lemon (""Citrus limon"" × ""medica"") and Florentine citron (""Citrus x limonimedica"") are both true lemon/citron hybrids, the Bergamot orange is a sweet orange/lemon hybrid and the Oroblanco is a grapefruit/pomelo mix, while tangelos"
"Accessory fruit An accessory fruit (sometimes called ""false fruit"", ""spurious fruit"", ""pseudofruit"", or ""pseudocarp"") is a fruit in which some of the flesh is derived not from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel. Examples of accessory tissue are the receptacle of the strawberry, pineapple, common fig, and mulberry, and the calyx of ""Gaultheria procumbens"" or ""Syzygium jambos"". Pomes, such as apples and pears, are also accessory fruits, with much of the fruit flesh derived from a hypanthium. Other example could be the ""anthocarps"" specific to the family Nyctaginaceae, where most of the fruit comes from"
"""golden apple"". For example, the Greek ""χρυσομηλιά,"" and Latin ""pomum aurantium"" both literally describe oranges as ""golden apples"". Other languages, like German, Finnish, Hebrew, and Russian, have more complex etymologies for the word ""orange"" that can be traced back to the same idea. In later years it was thought that the ""golden apples"" of myth might have actually been oranges, a fruit unknown to Europe and the Mediterranean before the Middle Ages. Under this assumption, the Greek botanical name chosen for all citrus species was ""Hesperidoeidē"" (Ἑσπεριδοειδῆ, ""hesperidoids""). It was also used by Carl Linnaeus, who gave the name Hesperides"
"total annual world production of dates amounts to 8.5 million metric tons, countries of the Middle East and North Africa being the largest producers. The species name ""dactylifera"" ""date-bearing"" comes from the Greek words ""daktylos"" (δάκτυλος), which means ""date"" (also ""finger""), and ""fero"" (φέρω), which means ""I bear"". The fruit is known as a date. The fruit's English name (through Old French), as well as the Latin both come from the Greek word for ""finger"", ""dáktulos"", because of the fruit's elongated shape. Fossil records show that the date palm has existed for at least 50 million years. Dates have been"
"Ugli fruit The ugli or ugli fruit is a Jamaican form of tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is ""Citrus reticulata"" × ""Citrus paradisi"". Ugli was discovered growing wild (possibly having developed in the same way grapefruit was created) in Jamaica, where it is mainly grown today. The name is a variation of the word ""ugly"", which refers to the fruit's unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind, wrapped loosely around the orange pulpy citrus inside. UGLI is a registered trademark of Cabel Hall Citrus Limited, under which"
"Solanum mammosum Solanum mammosum is commonly known as nipplefruit, fox head, cow's udder, or apple of Sodom, is an inedible Pan-American tropical fruit. The plant is grown for ornamental purposes, in part because of the distal end of the fruit's resemblance to a human breast, while the proximal end looks like a cow's udder. It is an annual in the family Solanaceae, and part of the genus ""Solanum"", making the plant a relative of the eggplant, tomato, and potato. This poisonous fruit is native to South America, but has been naturalized in Southern Mexico, Greater Antilles, Central America, and the"
"Kumquat Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English, ; ""Citrus japonica"") are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus ""Fortunella"", or placed within ""Citrus sensu lato"". The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (""Citrus sinensis"") in color and shape but is much smaller, being approximately the size of a large olive. Kumquat is a fairly cold-hardy citrus. The English name ""kumquat"" derives from the Cantonese ""gām-gwāt"" , literally meaning ""golden orange"" or ""golden tangerine"". The kumquat plant is native to south Asia and the Asia-Pacific region."