"the line, sparing the whales the need to hunt. However, the amount of fish taken is very little compared to what the sperm whale needs per day. Video footage has been captured of a large male sperm whale ""bouncing"" a long line, to gain the fish. Sperm whales are believed to prey on the megamouth shark, a rare and large deep-sea species discovered in the 1970s. In one case, three sperm whales were observed attacking or playing with a megamouth. The sharp beak of a consumed squid lodged in the whale's intestine may lead to the production of ambergris, analogous"
"Robotic sperm Robotic Sperm (also called spermbots) are biohybrid microrobots consisting of sperm cells and artificial microstructures. Currently there are two types of spermbots. The first type, the tubular spermbot, consists of a single sperm cell that is captured inside a microtube. Single bull sperm cells enter these microtubes and become trapped inside. The tail of the sperm is the driving force for the microtube. The second type, the helical spermbot, is a small helix structure which captures and transports single immotile sperm cells. In this case, a rotating magnetic field drives the helix in a screw-like motion. Both kinds"
"(in the strictest sense). Spermophilus Spermophilus is a genus of ground squirrels in the family Sciuridae (rodents). The genus has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues. Some Eurasian species are sometimes called susliks (or sousliks). This name comes from Russian , ""suslik"". In some languages, a derivative of the name is in common usage, for example ""suseł"" in Polish. The scientific name of this genus means ""seed-lovers"" (gr. σπέρμα ""sperma"", genitive σπέρματος ""spermatos"" – seed; φίλος ""philos"" –"
"gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another. Planaria are flat worms widely used in biological research. There are sexual and asexual planaria. Sexual planaria are hermaphrodites, possessing both testicles and ovaries. Each planarian transports its excretion to the other planarian, giving and receiving sperm. The life cycle of land plants involves alternation of generations between a sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. The gametophyte produces sperm or egg cells by mitosis. The sporophyte produces spores by meiosis which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte."
"or solitary as in Yew, ""Torreya"", ""Ginkgo"". The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct. By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (""Gnetum"", ""Ephedra"" and ""Welwitschia""), and ""Ginkgo biloba"" (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of mycorrhiza (""Pinus""),"
"Spermatophore A spermatophore or sperm ampulla is a capsule or mass containing spermatozoa created by males of various animal species, especially salamanders and arthropods, and transferred in entirety to the female's ovipore during reproduction. Spermatophores may additionally contain nourishment for the female, in which case it is called a nuptial gift, as in the instance of bush crickets. In the case of the toxic moth ""Utetheisa ornatrix"", the spermatophore includes sperm, nutrients, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids which prevent predation because it is poisonous to most organisms. However, in some species such as the Edith's checkerspot butterfly, the ""gift"" provides little nutrient"
"Spermophilus Spermophilus is a genus of ground squirrels in the family Sciuridae (rodents). The genus has been found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels, so it has been split into several genera by Kristofer Helgen and colleagues. Some Eurasian species are sometimes called susliks (or sousliks). This name comes from Russian , ""suslik"". In some languages, a derivative of the name is in common usage, for example ""suseł"" in Polish. The scientific name of this genus means ""seed-lovers"" (gr. σπέρμα ""sperma"", genitive σπέρματος ""spermatos"" – seed; φίλος ""philos"" – friend, lover). Ground squirrels"
"creatinine like mammals. This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the bird's cloaca. The cloaca is a multi-purpose opening: waste is expelled through it, most birds mate by joining cloaca, and females lay eggs from it. In addition, many species of birds regurgitate pellets. Males within Palaeognathae (with the exception of the kiwis), the Anseriformes (with the exception of screamers), and in rudimentary forms in Galliformes (but fully developed in Cracidae) possess a penis, which is never present in Neoaves. The length is thought to be related to sperm competition. When not copulating, it is"
"Spermatheca The spermatheca (pronounced plural: spermathecae ), also called receptaculum seminis (plural: receptacula seminis), is an organ of the female reproductive tract in insects, e.g. bees, some molluscs, oligochaeta worms and certain other invertebrates and vertebrates. Its purpose is to receive and store sperm from the male or, in the case of hermaphrodites, the male component of the body. Spermathecae can sometimes be the site of fertilization when the oocytes are sufficiently developed. Some species of animal have multiple spermathecae. For example, certain species of earthworms have four pairs of spermathecae—one pair each in the 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th"
"Plumbago Plumbago is a genus of 10–20 species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the world. Common names include plumbago and leadwort (names which are also shared by the genus ""Ceratostigma""). The species include herbaceous plants and shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, entire, long, with a tapered base and often with a hairy margin. The flowers are white, blue, purple, red, or pink, with a tubular corolla with five petal-like lobes; they are produced in racemes. The flower calyx has glandular trichomes (hairs), which secrete a"
"Ceratostigma Ceratostigma (;), or leadwort, plumbago, is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Plumbaginaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Common names are shared with the genus ""Plumbago"". They are flowering herbaceous plants, subshrubs, or small shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, simple, 1–9 cm long, usually with a hairy margin. Some of the species are evergreen, others deciduous. The flowers are produced in a compact inflorescence, each flower with a five-lobed corolla; flower colour varies from pale to dark blue to red-purple. The fruit is a"
"Plangia Plangia is a genus of insect in family Tettigoniidae, commonly known as Bush crickets or Katydids. In Afrikaans they are generally known as ""krompokkels"", roughly meaning ""little fat hunchbacks""; this name refers to their arched dorsal profile. The genus is indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa. It includes the following species: Typical ""Plangia"" species are moderate-sized katydids, fairly effective green leaf mimics, that lay their fairly large, flattened oval eggs under bark, or in individual incisions in the edges of leaves of their food plants. They make the incisions into the leaf parenchyma, between, and parallel to, the dorsal and ventralleaf"
"The stinkhorns and their allies, including the genera ""Phallus"", ""Mutinus"", ""Clathrus"", and ""Lysurus"", form spores within internally gelatinous, puffball-like 'eggs'. At maturity the eggs split and various strange spore-receptacles emerge. The spores are coated with an evil-smelling slime that attracts flies—these being the agents of dispersal. The bird's nest fungi, which include the genera ""Cyathus"" and ""Crucibulum"", form miniature, egg-like packets of spores within cup-shaped fruit bodies. These packets of spores are ejected by rain-splash and may land some distance away, the packets gradually wearing away to release the spores themselves. False truffles in such genera as ""Rhizopogon"", ""Hymenogaster"", and"
"Sporophila Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the family Thraupidae. The seed finches are sometimes also included in this genus. They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while ""typical"" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species. Females of at least some of these species have different ultraviolet colours, which can be seen by birds, but not humans. Female-like (paedomorphic) males apparently also occur, at least"
"Spermatophyte The spermatophytes, also known as phanerogams (taxon Phanerogamae) or phaenogams (taxon Phaenogamae), comprise those plants that produce seeds, hence the alternative name seed plants. They are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. The term ""phanerogams"" or ""phanerogamae"" is derived from the Greek , ' meaning ""visible"", in contrast to the cryptogamae from Greek ' = ""hidden"" together with the suffix , """", ""to marry"". These terms distinguished those plants with hidden sexual organs (cryptogamae) from those with visible sexual organs (phanerogamae). The extant spermatophytes form five divisions, the first four of which are traditionally grouped as gymnosperms,"
"of a catalytic domain together with several CUB domains interspersed by calcium-binding EGF domains. Spermadhesin is a subdivision of the CUB domain family and forms a major component of the mammalian seminal fluid. Spermadhesins are 110-133 amino acid polypeptides. The binding activity of spermadhesins, e.g. heparin and carbohydrate binding, enables their central role in promoting attachment of the spermatozoa to carbohydrate groups on the glycoproteins found on the surface of oocytes. The spermadhesins from pigs, bulls and stallions show 40-98% similarity in their amino acid sequences and all possess a disulphide bond between adjacent cysteine residues. The porcine spermadhesin polypeptides"
"spores, and parasites. Just as in ornithocory, ingestion by herbivores acts as a dispersal vector for seeds, and gut passage increases the rate of germination . Marsupials, primates, rodents, bats, and some species in the suborder Feliformia (Cape grey mongooses and Cape genets) have all been identified as pollinators. Non-flying mammals have been identified as acting as pollinators in Australia, Africa, South and Central America. Some plants may have traits that coevolved to utilize mammals as dispersal vectors, such as being extremely pungent in odor, nocturnal nectar production, and robust flowers that can handle rough feeders . The pollen of"
"a style, and have one locule, the compartment in the ovary that contains the ovules. The number of locules varies within different species in the genus; hence, this the best way to distinguish the medullosum species. The fruits of the species in the genus are berry-like, or baccate. The fruit contains a single brownish-black seed that is approximately 6 mm in length. The fruits are a common source of food for birds. ‘’Endospermum medullosum’’ can be propagated from seeds as well as vegetative cuttings. With seed propagation, seeds should be collected quickly when they mature and planted within a few"
"the pollen becomes the first cell of the endosperm, and the egg cell once fertilized become the zygote that develops into the embryo. The gap in the integuments through which the pollen tube enters to deliver sperm to the egg is called the micropyle. The stalk attaching the ovule to the placenta is called the funiculus. Stigmas can vary from long and slender to globe-shaped to feathery. The stigma is the receptive tip of the carpel(s), which receives pollen at pollination and on which the pollen grain germinates. The stigma is adapted to catch and trap pollen, either by combining"
"meant to operate in ""in vivo"" environments, a feature that may revolutionize assisted reproduction technologies and nanomedicine in the future. New designs are emerging and plenty of applications can be derived from the here reported concept. Robotic sperm Robotic Sperm (also called spermbots) are biohybrid microrobots consisting of sperm cells and artificial microstructures. Currently there are two types of spermbots. The first type, the tubular spermbot, consists of a single sperm cell that is captured inside a microtube. Single bull sperm cells enter these microtubes and become trapped inside. The tail of the sperm is the driving force for the"
"Columbidae Pigeons and doves constitute the animal family Columbidae and the order Columbiformes, which includes about 42 genera and 310 species. They are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. Pigeons and doves are likely the most common birds in the world; the family occurs worldwide, but the greatest variety is in the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones. The distinction between ""doves"" and ""pigeons"" is not consistent. In everyday speech, ""dove"" frequently indicates a pigeon that is white or nearly white; some people use"
"""D. melanogaster"", ""D. immigrans"", and ""D. simulans"", are closely associated with humans, and are often referred to as domestic species. These and other species (""D. subobscura"", ""Zaprionus indianus"") have been accidentally introduced around the world by human activities such as fruit transports. Males of this genus are known to have the longest sperm cells of any studied organism on Earth, including one species, ""Drosophila bifurca"", that has sperm cells that are long. The cells are mostly tail, and are delivered to the females in tangled coils. The other members of the genus ""Drosophila"" also make relatively few giant sperm cells,"
"researchers to study the force created by the spindle poles to allow the chromosomes to move, cleavage furrow management and distance segregration. Spermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes (Figure 1). Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis (Figure 3). Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After Meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that"
"(wingless) fruit flies, various flies, wax moths, crickets, small super worms, small butter worms and mealworms. Fruit, which is required a few times a week, may be small pieces of papaya, banana, or other sweet fruit and also commercial gecko nectars. In 2008 a BBC film crew took footage of a day gecko successfully begging a planthopper for honeydew. The genus ""Phelsuma"" was first described in 1825 by the British zoologist John Edward Gray, who named it after the Dutch physician Murk van Phelsum. The genus consists of about 70 known species and subspecies. Two ""Phelsuma"" species (""Phelsuma gigas"" and"
"research program, The Dominica Sperm Whale Project, has been in operation since 2005. The introduction of plastic waste to the ocean environment by humans is new. Sperm whales have occasionally been found with pieces of plastic in their stomachs. Sperm whale The sperm whale (""Physeter macrocephalus"") or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus ""Kogia"". The sperm whale is a pelagic"
"word белый (""belyy""), meaning ""white"". The beluga are a large predator which feeds mostly on fish, also rarely consuming waterfowl and seal pups. Like most sturgeons, the beluga is anadromous, migrating upstream in rivers to spawn. The largest accepted record is of a female taken in 1827 in the Volga estuary at and . Several other records of aged sturgeon exceed . These great sizes mark the beluga as the largest freshwater fish in the world. A few other species of sturgeon can attain great sizes but none match the maximum sizes known for the beluga, like Chinese, Pacific White,"
"Megaspore Megaspores, also called macrospores, are a type of spore that is present in heterosporous plants. These plants have two spore types, megaspores and microspores. Generally speaking, the megaspore, or large spore, germinates into a female gametophyte, which produces egg cells. These are fertilized by sperm produced by the male gametophyte developing from the microspore. Heterosporous plants include the following: In gymnosperms and flowering plants, the megaspore is produced inside the nucleus of the ovule. During megasporogenesis, a diploid precursor cell, the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce initially four haploid cells (the megaspores). Angiosperms exhibit three"
"a number of plants. Some species specialize on one host plant, the common asphodel (""Asphodelus aestivus""). There are eight species in the genus. Species include: Philaenus Philaenus is a genus of insects belonging to the family Aphrophoridae, the spittlebugs. The meadow spittlebug ""Philaenus spumarius"" is a common insect in much of the Northern Hemisphere, and it is sometimes a pest on crops such as alfalfa. It is important to science because its entire genome has been sequenced. It has also been the subject of many studies of genetic diversity because it displays marked color polymorphism. There are eleven known color"
"in some species. There are more than 30 species of ""Sporophila:"" Sporophila Sporophila is a genus of Neotropical birds in the family Thraupidae. The seed finches are sometimes also included in this genus. They are relatively small with stubby, conical bills adapted for feeding on seeds and alike. Most species are strongly sexually dimorphic, and while ""typical"" adult males often are distinctive, female and immatures of both sexes can be very difficult (in some species virtually impossible) to identify to exact species. Females of at least some of these species have different ultraviolet colours, which can be seen by birds,"
"Spermatocyte Spermatocytes are a type of male gametocyte in animals. They derive from immature germ cells called spermatogonia. They are found in the testis, in a structure known as the seminiferous tubules. There are two types of spermatocytes, primary and secondary spermatocytes (Figure 1). Primary and secondary spermatocytes are formed through the process of spermatocytogenesis (Figure 3). Primary spermatocytes are diploid (2N) cells. After Meiosis I, two secondary spermatocytes are formed. Secondary spermatocytes are haploid (N) cells that contain half the number of chromosomes. All male animals produce spermatocytes, even hermaphrodites such as ""C. elegans"", which exist as a male"
"two gametophytes differ in form and function, they are termed ""heteromorphic"", from ""hetero""- ""different"" and ""morph"" ""form"". The egg producing gametophyte is known as a megagametophyte, because it is typically larger, and the sperm producing gametophyte is known as a microgametophyte. Gametophytes which produce egg and sperm on separate plants are termed Dioicous. In heterosporous plants (water ferns, some lycophytes, as well as all gymnosperms and angiosperms), there are two distinct sporangia, each of which produces a single kind of spore and single kind of gametophyte. However, not all heteromorphic gametophytes come from heterosporous plants. That is, some plants have"
"Crucibulum Crucibulum is a genus in the Nidulariaceae, a family of fungi whose fruiting bodies resemble tiny egg-filled bird's nests. Often called ""splash cups"", the fruiting bodies are adapted for spore dispersal by using the kinetic energy of falling drops of rain. The ""eggs"" inside the bird's nests (technically known as peridioles) are hard waxy shells containing spores, and tend to stick to whatever nearby herbage they land on, thus increasing the odds of being consumed and dispersed by herbivorous animals. Members of this genus are saprobic, obtaining nutrients from dead organic matter, and are typically found growing on decayed"
"Sperm whale The sperm whale (""Physeter macrocephalus"") or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale family, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus ""Kogia"". The sperm whale is a pelagic mammal with a worldwide range, and will migrate seasonally for feeding and breeding. Females and young males live together in groups, while mature males (bulls) live solitary lives outside of the mating season. The females cooperate to protect and"