"Constitution of the Princely House of Liechtenstein The Constitution of the Princely House of Liechtenstein of 26 October 1993 is the basic document that governs the Princely House of Liechtenstein. It was signed by the reigning prince Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein and Markus Büchel Head of Government of Liechtenstein. This princely constitution however is not to be confused with the Constitution of Liechtenstein that was established in 1921. The document sets out things like Title of members of the Princely House, marriage, adoption, Succession to the throne and abdication and renunciation of the right to succeed to the throne."
"2003, Prince Hans-Adam, who had threatened to leave the country if he lost, won a large majority (64.3%) in favour of overhauling the constitution to effectively give him more powers than any other European monarch. The new constitution gave the prince the right to dismiss governments and approve judicial nominees and allowed him to veto laws simply by refusing to sign them within a six-month period. On August 15, 2003, Hans-Adam announced he would step down in one year and hand over the reins to his son Alois. On July 1, 2007, the first two Consuls in the history of"
"Landtag (Parliament). The party system is dominated by the conservative Progressive Citizens' Party and the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. On 15 August 2002, in his National Day Address, Prince Hans-Adam II announced that after months of intensive negotiations, a compromise in the debate on constitutional reform had been reached. On 13 September, Prime Minister Otmar Hasler confirmed to Parliament that his government was drafting a bill for Parliament based on the compromise reached between the Prince and the Citizens' Forum. The draft bill, which would increase the executive powers of the"
"delegation including the Foreign Minister, visited India on 14–20 November 2010. This was the first high-level visit between the two countries. Prince Hans Adam II had made a private visit to the country a few years earlier. Alois met with President Pratibha Patil, Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition Sushma Swaraj and Minister of State for External Affairs Preneet Kaur. The Liechtensteiner delegation also visited the India International Trade Fair in Delhi. Alois also traveled to Mumbai and met with Maharashtra Governor K. Sankaranarayanan. Prince Alois and Prince Hans Adam"
"(which were the subject of an unsuccessful court case brought by Liechtenstein in the German courts and the International Court of Justice) included over 1,600 km² (which is ten times the size of Liechtenstein) of agricultural and forest land mostly in Moravia, also including several family castles and palaces. An offer from the Czech Republic to return the palaces and castles (without the surrounding land) was rejected by Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein recognised and established diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic on 13 July 2009 and with Slovakia on 9 December 2009. Liechtenstein's ruling prince, Hans-Adam II, has announced that the principality"
"fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. The House of Orange-Nassau were given the present day Netherlands and Belgium to govern as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Between 1815 and 1890, the King of the Netherlands was also Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The current monarch is Willem-Alexander. The heir apparent is the Princess of Orange, Catharina-Amalia. Constitutionally, the monarch is head of state and has a role in the formation of government and in the legislative process. He has to co-sign every law to make it valid. The monarch is also ""ex officio"" chair of the Council of State, which advises the"
"stated that the referendum in effect made Liechtenstein into an ""absolute monarchy"". In December 2012 the Venice commission of the Council of Europe published a comprehensive report analysing the amendments, opining that they were not compatible with the European standard of democracy. Prince Hans-Adam II had threatened to leave the country and live in exile in Vienna, Austria if the voters had chosen to restrict his powers. 2003 Liechtenstein constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum regarding the Prince’s powers was held in Liechtenstein on 14 March 2003. The referendum had two questions; a ""Princely Initiative"" and a ""Constitution Peace Initiative"". The"
"which a nonpolitical monarch acts as head of state and the ""de facto"" executive power is exercised by a cabinet led by a prime minister. Margrethe II has reigned in Denmark as Queen Regnant and head of state since 14 January 1972, Carl XVI Gustaf became King of Sweden on 15 September 1973 and King Harald V of Norway has reigned since 17 January 1991. Finland and Iceland have been parliamentary republics since their independence. Both countries are led by prime ministers, whilst the directly elected president acts mostly as a ceremonial head of state with some legislative power. Finland"
"international resolutions. The Helsinki Final Act dealt with both the inviolability of frontiers and the territorial integrity of States, among other things. The recent (post-World War II) strict application of territorial integrity has given rise to a number of problems and, when faced with reality ""on the ground"", can be seen as too artificial a construct. Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, speaking to the International Institute for Strategic Studies on 25 January 2001, argued for a more flexible approach to territorial integrity, in line with historical norms, saying, ""Let us accept the fact that states have lifecycles similar to those"
"referendum to abolish the monarchy entirely. The current monarch is Hans-Adam II, who turned over the day-to-day governing decisions to his son and heir Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein on 15 August 2004. Luxembourg has been an independent grand duchy since 9 June 1815. Originally, Luxembourg was in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 16 March 1815 until 23 November 1890. While Wilhelmina succeeded Willem III in the Netherlands, this was not possible in Luxembourg due to the order of succession being based on Salic law at that time; he"
"July 1984, Liechtenstein became the last country in Europe to grant women the right to vote. The referendum on women's suffrage, in which only men were allowed to participate, passed with 51.3% in favour. In a national referendum in March 2003, nearly two-thirds of the electorate voted in support of Hans-Adam II's proposed new constitution to replace the 1921 version. The proposed constitution was criticised by many, including the Council of Europe, as expanding the powers of the monarchy (continuing the power to veto any law, and allowing the Prince to dismiss the government or any minister). The Prince threatened"
"to abolish the monarchy by vote at any time without being subject to princely veto. The right of the parishes that make up the principality to secede was simultaneously recognised. Prince Hans-Adam had warned that he and his family would move to Austria if the referendum were rejected. Despite opposition from Mario Frick, a former Liechtenstein prime minister, the Prince's referendum was approved by the electorate in 2003. Opponents accused Hans-Adam of engaging in emotional blackmail to achieve his goal and constitutional experts from the Council of Europe branded the event as a retrograde move. A proposal to revoke the"
"Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe. Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Henri (, ; born 16 April 1955) is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, reigning since 7 October 2000. He is the eldest son of Grand Duke Jean and Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium, and a first cousin of Philippe, the king of the Belgians. Prince Henri was born on 16 April 1955, at the Betzdorf Castle in Luxembourg as the second child and first son of Prince Jean, Hereditary Grand Duke"
"including Oranienburg and Dachau. After the war, he was a student at the University of Munich and became a collector of modern art. Franz succeeded as head of the House of Wittelsbach, and as pretender to the Bavarian throne, on the death of his father in 1996. He lives at the Nymphenburg Palace in Munich. Franz is not married. Also the current heir-general of King James II of England and VII of Scotland, Franz is, as Francis II, considered – by Jacobites – to be the legitimate heir of the Stuart kings of England, Scotland, Ireland and France. A spokesman"
"principality for more than 300 years, moving into their Alpine realm only in 1938, after dissolution of both the Holy Roman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Prince of Liechtenstein has broad powers, which include the appointment of judges, the dismissal of ministers or government, veto power, and the calling of referendums. The Liechtenstein constitutional referendum, 2003 was a proposal put forth by reigning Prince Hans-Adam II to revise parts of the Constitution of Liechtenstein, on the one hand expanding the monarch's power with the authority to veto legislation, while on the other hand securing for the citizenry the option"
"from the process. The first king of Belgium, as well as the now-deposed royal families of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania (unsuccessfully) and Romania, were originally appointed in this manner. On 9 October 1918 the Parliament of newly-independent Finland elected Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, brother-in-law of the German Emperor Wilhelm II, as King of Finland – but soon afterwards, this move was foiled by the German defeat in WWI and the demise of Monarchy in Germany itself, and Finland opted to become a Republic instead. In Africa, the Mali Empire functioned as both a constitutional and elective monarchy. The mansa, or"
"Currently, about 80 per cent support keeping the monarchy. The current monarch is Margrethe II. The Danish monarchy also includes the Faroe Islands and Greenland which are parts of the Kingdom of Denmark with internal home rule. Due to this status, the monarch has no separate title for these regions. Liechtenstein formally came into existence on 23 January 1719, when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor decreed the lordship of Schellenberg and the countship of Vaduz united and raised to the dignity of a principality. Liechtenstein was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until the Treaty of Pressburg was signed"
"landmines and promoted the rights of survivors in various UN meetings. 2016 : Honorary mayor and The Hidalgo Award of San Antonio. Princess Astrid of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este Princess Astrid of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este (born 5 June 1962), is the second child and only daughter of King Albert II and Queen Paola, and younger sister to the current Belgian monarch, King Philippe. She is married to Prince Lorenz of Belgium, head of the Austria-Este branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and is fifth in line of succession to the Belgian throne. Princess Astrid was born one day before"
"Germany in Slovakia. The project was honoured by patronage of His Majesty Norodom Sihamoni, the king of Cambodia and His Majesty Simeon II, the last tsar of Bulgaria. The project was completed in the year 2017. Franz has never married. The heir presumptive to the headship of the House of Wittelsbach is his brother Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria. Because Max has five daughters but no sons, he is followed in the line of succession by his and Franz's first cousin Prince Luitpold and, in the next generation, by the latter's son Prince Ludwig Heinrich of Bavaria (b. 1982). The"
"assembly). If the monarch fails to act within six months of the bill being presented to him, it becomes law without his signature. According to Article 9 of the Constitution of Liechtenstein, ""every law shall require the sanction of the Reigning Prince to attain legal force."" Liechtenstein allows its monarch to withhold royal assent of his own will. When Prince Hans Adam II, in an unprecedented move for the constitutional monarchy, refused to give royal assent to a bill legalising abortion, he pushed for a bill to give him sweeping powers in the government beyond only ceremonial matters, including the"
"II of Great Britain through his daughter Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange and are therefore distantly related to the British Royal Family. The Hohenberg family still owns Artstetten Castle in Lower Austria, and parts of this castle are open to the public for visits. Former residences of the family include Konopiště château in Bohemia. Artstetten Castle was selected to provide the main theme for an Austrian 10 euro commemorative coin, minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. There are two portraits on the left, showing Archduke Francis Ferdinand"
"level of satisfaction with the political institutions, while Denmark is also regularly considered one of the least corrupt countries in the world by international organizations. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Denmark as ""full democracy"" in 2016. Margrethe II (born 16 April 1940) has ruled as Queen Regnant and head of state since 14 January 1972. In accordance with the Danish Constitution the Danish monarch, as head of state, is the theoretical source of all executive and legislative power. However, since the introduction of parliamentary sovereignty in 1901, a ""de facto"" separation of powers has been in effect. The text of"
"the Netherlands. On 28 January 2013, the Queen announced that she would be abdicating on 30 April 2013 in favour of her eldest son. The current monarch is King Willem-Alexander (born 1967), who has been on the Throne since 30 April 2013. He studied history at the University of Leiden and became actively involved in water management. His wife is Queen Máxima (née Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti), an economics major, whose father was a minister of agriculture in the dictatorial regime under General Videla in Argentina. Because of that their relationship was accompanied by fierce public debate and only officially sanctioned"
"the majority sees them as both a link with Andorra's traditions and a way to balance the power of Andorra's two much larger neighbors. The way the two princes are chosen makes Andorra one of the most politically distinct nations on earth. One co-prince is the man or woman who is currently serving as President of France, currently Emmanuel Macron (it has historically been any head of state of France, including kings and emperors of the French). The other is the current Roman Catholic bishop of the Catalan city of La Seu d'Urgell, currently Joan Enric Vives i Sicilia. As"
"in June 2013, May 2015, 2016, and 2017 and also with Princess Rym al-Ali in April 2011; Liechtenstein: with Hereditary Prince Alois and his wife Princess Sophie in June 2010; Lithuania: with Vytautas Landsbergis, former President of Lithuania and his wife Gražina Ručytė-Landsbergienė in June 2015; Luxembourg: with her 2nd cousin Prince Guillaume in September 2014; Senegal: with Viviane Wade, 3rd First Lady of Senegal in November 2008; Spain: with her 2nd cousin Felipe, Prince of Asturias and his wife Princess Letizia in April 2009; Switzerland: with members of the Swiss Federal Council in October 2002; United Kingdom: with her"
"Danish as vice presidents. Abdullah Abdullah serves as the chief executive officer (CEO). The National Assembly is the legislature, a bicameral body having two chambers, the House of the People and the House of Elders. The Supreme Court is led by Chief Justice Said Yusuf Halem, the former Deputy Minister of Justice for Legal Affairs. According to Transparency International, Afghanistan remains in the top most corrupt countries list. A January 2010 report published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime revealed that bribery consumed an amount equal to 23% of the GDP of the nation. A number of"
"Liechtenstein, she is a first cousin of the present monarch, Prince Hans-Adam II. On 4 August 1995, she married Max Kothbauer, now Vice President of the National Bank of Austria. The couple's only child, a son named Hieronymus, was born on 26 January 1997. Since her marriage, she has been officially styled as """"Her Serene Highness"" Maria-Pia Kothbauer, Princess of Liechtenstein"". Princess Maria-Pia graduated from the Schule der Dominikanerinnen, run by Dominican nuns, in Vienna in 1978. She then enrolled in Columbia University, attaining the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science. From 1984 until 1986, she worked for"
"of Potsdam, the capital city of the German state of Brandenburg. He owns a two-thirds share of his family's original seat, Hohenzollern Castle, while the other share is held by the head of the Swabian branch, Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern. He also owns the Princes' Island in the Great Lake of . In 2017 he founded a beer trademark called (Royal Prussian Beer Manufactory) producing a Pilsner brand called . Prince Georg Friedrich continues to claim compensation for land and palaces in Berlin expropriated from his family, a claim begun in March 1991 by his grandfather Prince Louis Ferdinand"
"Hermann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen Hermann Friedrich Otto (born 30 July 1751 in Lockenhaus (Léka), Vas County, Kingdom of Hungary; died 2 November 1810 in Hechingen) was the ruling Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen from 1798 until 1810. Prince Hermann Friedrich Otto was entrusted with the welfare of his land, when he came to power in April 1798. He was raised in Belgium, where his father, Prince Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1719–1765), was an imperial officer. From his mother, Princess Anna Maria of Hoensbroech-Geulle ( 8 May 1729 – 26 September 1798), Prince Hermann inherited his Dutch holdings. From his second wife, Princess"
"Kingdom, the United States of America, the European Union (represented by France's President Nicolas Sarkozy as President of the European Council, as well as by José Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission), the Netherlands (allowed extraordinary presence), Spain (allowed extraordinary presence), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Financial Stability Forum. Although Dutch Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende arrived at Andrews Air Force Base on the evening of November 14, he immediately returned to the Netherlands when notified of the death of his father; the Netherlands was instead represented by State Secretary Jan Kees de Jager. Spanish"
"by the Queen. Officially, it is the Queen who is the head of government, and she therefore presides over the Council of State (privy council), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, however, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers are exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark. In addition to her roles in her own country, the Queen is also the Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment (Queen's and Royal Hampshires), an infantry regiment of the British Army, following a tradition in her family. Queen Margrethe II"
"relatives of the bridal pair who were also the family members or near kin of the reigning monarchs of Belgium (King Philippe's brother, Prince Laurent); the Netherlands (Queen Beatrix's nephew and niece, Prince Jaime of Bourbon-Parma and his sister Princess Carolina of Bourbon-Parma); Sweden (King Carl XVI Gustaf's brother-in-law, Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern); the United Kingdom (Queen Elizabeth II's Kent cousin-once-removed and his wife, Lord and Lady Nicholas Windsor); Luxembourg (Grand Duke Henri's sister-in-law, Princess Sibilla); and Liechtenstein (Prince Hans-Adam II's son, the Hereditary Prince Alois and his wife the Hereditary Princess Sophie of Liechtenstein, and Prince Hans-Adam's niece"
"premature speculation in the press by her son about the marriage apparently dissuaded the prince from making a proposal. Like the late ruler of Monaco, who was her second cousin, she is a great-grandchild of the Scottish aristocrat Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton, the first wife of Prince Albert I of Monaco. However, Princess Ira is descended from Lady Mary's second marriage with Tassilo Festetics von Tolna, a Hungarian count and later prince. Tassilo's sister, Countess Georgine Ernestine Festetics von Tolna, was the great-grandmother of the current ruler of Liechtenstein, making Princess Ira a third cousin of Hans-Adam II, Prince of"