"on Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, which were formerly inhabited by the Guanches, an ancient Berber people. The flag is composed of blue, green, and yellow horizontal bands of the same height, and a Tifinagh letter ""yaz"" or ""aza"". Each colour corresponds to an aspect of Tamazgha, the territory inhabited by Berbers in North Africa: The ""yaz"" (ⵣ) symbolizes the ""free man"", which is the meaning of the Berber word ""amazigh"", the Berbers' own name for themselves (endonym). It is in red, the colour of life, and also the colour of resistance. The Berber flag thus symbolizes the entire"
"Berbers Berbers, or Amazighs (Berber languages: ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⴻⵏ, ""Imaziɣen""; singular: ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗ, ""Amaziɣ""), are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, primarily inhabiting Algeria, northern Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, northern Niger, Tunisia, Libya and a part of western Egypt. Berbers are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River in West Africa. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. Since the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the 7th century, a large number of Berbers inhabiting the Maghreb (Tamazgha)"
"of the order, but the ""astara"" always begins, and the ""tabbayt"" always ends. Traditional Berber festivals include Fantasia. Imilchil Marriage Festival and Udayn n Acur. Berbers Berbers, or Amazighs (Berber languages: ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⴻⵏ, ""Imaziɣen""; singular: ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗ, ""Amaziɣ""), are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa, primarily inhabiting Algeria, northern Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, northern Niger, Tunisia, Libya and a part of western Egypt. Berbers are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River in West Africa. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber"
"Berbers and Islam The Berbers (autonym: ""Imazighen"") are an indigenous ethnic group of the Maghreb region of North Africa. Following the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, most Berber tribes eventually became Muslims, and today Arab-Berber (of mixed Arab and Berber ancestry) and Arabized Berbers (Berbers who have assimilated into the Arab population). Presently, about one-sixth of the population of Maghreb speaks one of the Berber languages (mostly in Algeria and Morocco), but most of them also speak some form of Arabic. The region of North Africa practiced many religions including various forms of pagan rituals, Judaism, and Christianity. The first"
"Morocco. Small Berber populations are also found in Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Burkina Faso and Egypt as well as large immigrant communities living in France, Spain, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and other countries of Europe. The majority of Berbers are Sunni Muslim. The Berber identity is usually wider than language and ethnicity and encompasses the entire history and geography of North Africa. Berbers are not an entirely homogeneous ethnicity, and they encompass a range of societies and ancestries. The unifying forces for the Berber people may be their shared language or a collective identification with Berber heritage and history. There"
"inhabited by Berbers since from at least 10,000 BC. Partially isolated from the rest of the continent by the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara desert, inhabitants of the northern parts of the Berber world have long had commercial and cultural ties to the inhabitants of the Mediterranean countries of Southern Europe and Western Asia, going back at least to the Phoenicians in the 1st millennium BC (the Phoenician colony of Carthage having been founded, according to tradition, in what is now Tunisia circa 800 BC). Berber coast ports and cities were predominantly constructed by the Berbers. Later some Phoenicians and"
"Names of the Berber people The ethnonym Berber dates to the 19th century, derived from ""Barbary"" the term for the Maghreb coast used during the early modern period, itself from Greek ""barbaria"" ""land of barbarians"". The contemporary self-designation current mostly in Morocco is ""Imazighen"" (singular ""Amazigh""). This term is common in Morocco, especially among Central Atlas, Rifian and Shilah speakers in 1980, but elsewhere within the Berber homeland sometimes a local, more particular term, such as Kabyle (Kabyle comes from Arabic: tribal confederation) or Chaoui, is more often used instead in Algeria. The Berber tribal populations of antiquity are known"
"Berber origin, which along with the Berber people, includes other ethnic subgroups such as the Tuareg, Rif, Kabyle, Shawia and Beraber. The Soussi people are a part of Morocco's Berber-speaking community, and the southernmost residing Berber population. In antiquity, Berbers traded with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians in commercial entrepots and colonies along the northwestern littoral. They established the ancient kingdom of Mauretania, which fell under Roman rule in 33 CE, before eventually being reunited under Berber sovereignty. During the 7th century, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Berber and Byzantine strongholds in the Northwest Africa, seizing Carthage in 698 AD."
"Berber populations, but more similar to Ashkenazi Jewish populations. Berber Jews Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Atlas mountains in Morocco, and previously in Algeria, which historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel. Jews have settled in North Africa since 6th century BC and a Jewish community existed in the Roman province of Africa, which is modern Tunisia. Ifriqia was the name chosen for what we know today as Tunisia. The acceptance by the Berbers of Judaism as a religion, and its embrace by a number of tribes,"
"Berber Jews Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Atlas mountains in Morocco, and previously in Algeria, which historically spoke Berber languages. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel. Jews have settled in North Africa since 6th century BC and a Jewish community existed in the Roman province of Africa, which is modern Tunisia. Ifriqia was the name chosen for what we know today as Tunisia. The acceptance by the Berbers of Judaism as a religion, and its embrace by a number of tribes, may have occurred over time. French historian, Eugène Albertini"
"Western Sahara's waters is in violation of international law. Similarly, the exploitation of phosphate mines in Bou Craa has led to charges of international law violations and divestment from several European states. The indigenous population of Western Sahara is usually known in Western media as Sahrawis, but they are also referred to in Morocco as ""Southerners"" or ""Southern Berbers"". They are Hassaniya-speaking or Berber-speaking tribes of Berber origin (97% of Y-DNA). Many of them have mixed Berber-Arab heritage, effectively continuations of the tribal groupings of Hassaniya-speaking and Zenaga-Berber speaking Moorish tribes extending south into Mauritania and north into Morocco as"
"Maghrebis Maghrebis or Maghrebians are the native inhabitants of Maghreb, the westernmost part of North Africa and the Arab world, an area stretching from Libya to Spain. Maghrebis were known in medieval times as Roman Africans or Moors. The term ""Moor"" is derived from ""Mauri"", the Roman name for the Berbers of ""Mauretania"", land of the Moors, the Roman name for the westen part of the Maghreb. Vast majority of Maghrebis are Arab-Berbers, Arabs, and Berbers, who are native to the region and synonymous with the term in older and historiographical literature. Historic records of religion in the Maghreb region"
"Maghrebis Maghrebis or Maghrebians are the native inhabitants of Maghreb, the westernmost part of North Africa and the Arab world, an area stretching from Libya to Spain. Maghrebis were known in medieval times as Roman Africans or Moors. The term ""Moor"" is derived from ""Mauri"", the Roman name for the Berbers of ""Mauretania"", land of the Moors, the Roman name for the westen part of the Maghreb. Vast majority of Maghrebis are Arab-Berbers, Arabs, and Berbers, who are native to the region and synonymous with the term in older and historiographical literature. Historic records of religion in the Maghreb region"
"Maghreb The Maghreb (; ), also known as Northwest Africa or Northern Africa, Greater Arab Maghreb (), Arab Maghreb () or Greater Maghreb (), or by some sources the Berber world, Barbary and Berbery, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania. It additionally includes the disputed territories of Western Sahara (mostly controlled by Morocco) and the cities of Melilla and Ceuta (both controlled by Spain and claimed by Morocco). As of 2018, the region has a population of over 100 million people. In historical English and European literature,"
"called Berbers, who are the indigenous peoples of northern Africa. From their principal center of power at Carthage, the Carthaginians expanded and established small settlements along the North African coast; by 600 BC, a Phoenician presence existed at Tipasa, east of Cherchell, Hippo Regius (modern Annaba) and Rusicade (modern Skikda). These settlements served as market towns as well as anchorages. As Carthaginian power grew, its impact on the indigenous population increased dramatically. Berber civilization was already at a stage in which agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and political organization supported several states. Trade links between Carthage and the Berbers in the interior"
"in Tunisia the small minority that speaks Berber may be heard on Jerba island, around the salt lakes region, and near the desert, as well as along the mountainous border with Algeria (across this frontier to the west lies a large region where the Zenati Berber languages and dialects predominate). In contrast, use of Berber is relatively common in Morocco, and also in Algeria, and in the remote central Sahara. Berber poetry endures, as well as a traditional Berber literature. The grand tribal identities of Berber antiquity were said to be the Mauri, the Numidians, and the Gaetulians. The Mauri"
"Arabized Berber Arabized Berber denotes an inhabitant of the Maghreb region in northwestern Africa, whose native language is a local dialect of Arabic and whose origins are Berber. The expression holds that most populations in North Africa are of Berber heritage, including those inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. The widespread language shift from Berber to Arabic happened, at least partially, due to the privileged status that the Arabic language has generally been given in the states of North Africa, from the Arab conquest in 652 up until the European conquest in the twentieth century, as well"
"Berber-speaking Tuareg and other often-nomadic peoples are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. In Mauritania, there is a small but near-extinct Berber community in the north and Niger–Congo-speaking peoples in the south, though in both regions Arabic and Arab culture predominates. In Sudan, although Arabic and Arab culture predominate, it is mostly inhabited by groups that originally spoke Nilo-Saharan, such as the Nubians, Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa, who, over the centuries, have variously intermixed with migrants from the Arabian peninsula. Small communities of Afro-Asiatic-speaking Beja nomads can also be found in Egypt and Sudan. In the"
"Berber in northeastern Algeria. Zenata The Zenata (Berber: Iznaten, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵜⴻⵏ or Iznasen, ⵉⵣⵏⴰⵙⴻⵏ; ""Zanātah"") were a Berber tribe, who inhabited an area stretching from western Egypt to Morocco in antiquity along with the Sanhaja and Masmuda. Their lifestyle was mainly nomadic. The Zenata adopted Islam early, still in the 7th century. While other Berber tribes continued to resist the Umayyad Caliphate conquest well into the 8th century, they were quickly Islamized. They also formed a substantial contingent in the subsequent Muslim conquest of Iberia. The 14th-century historiographer Ibn Khaldun reports that the Zenata were divided into three large tribes: Jarawa,"
"mainly due to the Phoenicians, Jews and Arab Bedouin Hilallians migratory movements (third century BC and eleventh century, respectively) which mixed in. However, the majority of Arabized Berbers, particularly in Morocco and Algeria, claim an Arabian heritage; this is a consequence of the Arab nationalism of the early twentieth century. Regarding the remaining populations that speak a Berber language in the Maghreb, they account from 50% to 60% of the Moroccan population and from 15% to 35% of the Algerian population, besides smaller communities in Libya and Tunisia and very small groups in Egypt and Mauritania. Outside the Maghreb, the"
"the 2011 Libyan civil war, Berbers in the Nafusa Mountains were quick to revolt against the Gaddafi regime. The mountains became a stronghold of the rebel movement, and were a focal point of the conflict, with much fighting occurring between rebels and loyalists for control of the region. ""In Mali, the Tuareg, another Berber people, have armed themselves and are declaring a homeland in large swatches [""sic"", swathes] of the north."" The Maghreb today is home to large Berber (Amazigh) populations, who form the principal indigenous ancestry in the region (see Origins). The Semitic ethnic presence in the region is"
"Berkane Berkane or (Berber: Berkan, ⴱⴻⵔⴽⴰⵏ, ) is a city in northeastern Morocco, (in the Rif region), in the area of Trifa, limited by the Mediterranean to its north, the Kiss Oued (Moroccan-Algerian border) and Oujda Province in the east, Nador Province to the west, and Taourirt Province in the south. It is the capital of Berkane Province. The city recorded a population of 109,237 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The inhabitants of Berkane originate primarily from ""Yat Iznasen"", a major tribe which consists of Berber clans. The tribe's descendants are also spread over the rest of eastern Morocco, in"
"is derived from the Berber populations of the pre-Islamic period. Arabized Berber Arabized Berber denotes an inhabitant of the Maghreb region in northwestern Africa, whose native language is a local dialect of Arabic and whose origins are Berber. The expression holds that most populations in North Africa are of Berber heritage, including those inhabiting Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. The widespread language shift from Berber to Arabic happened, at least partially, due to the privileged status that the Arabic language has generally been given in the states of North Africa, from the Arab conquest in 652 up"
"Peuple Amazigh -UPA). The Gétules are the Berber nomads of the pre-Saharan of North Africa, speak the Berber language with some variations. They came from the desert of the Caspian Sea (the largest inland sea on the side of present-day Iran). forced to migrate following a movement of the ground exploding a natural dam that fed water their livestock .Specialists of the desert life, first settled on the edge of the Nile but the Pharaohs hunted them in the sixth century BCE. Always while traversing the desert, arrived until Tassili with the Touaregs where they stayed a long time, got"
"it could be as high as 30 million. The vast majority are concentrated in Morocco and Algeria. The Tuareg of the Sahel adds another million or so to the total. Nouns in the Berber languages vary in gender (masculine versus feminine), number (singular versus plural) and state (free state versus construct state). In the case of the masculine, nouns generally begin with one of the three vowels of Berber, ""a"", ""u"" or ""i"" (in standardised orthography, ""e"" represents a schwa inserted for reasons of pronunciation): While the masculine is unmarked, the feminine (also used to form diminutives and singulatives, like"
"Berberism Berberism (Berber: ""Taẓermaziɣt"") or Amazighism is a Berber political-cultural movement of ethnic, geographic, or cultural nationalism, started mainly in Kabylia, Algeria and in Morocco, later spreading to the rest of the Berber communities in North Africa. A Berber group, the Tuaregs, have been in rebellion against Mali since 2012, and established a temporarily ""de facto"" independent state called Azawad, which identified itself as Berber. The Berberist movement in Algeria and Morocco is in opposition to cultural Arabization and the pan-Arabist political ideology. In Azawad (northern Mali), the Tuareg-Berberist movement is also secularist and is in opposition to both Arabism"
"Oasis of Egypt. Large Berber-speaking migrant communities, today numbering about 4 million, have been living in Western Europe, spanning over three generations, since the 1950s. The number of Berber people is much higher than the number of Berber speakers. The bulk of the populations of the Maghreb countries are considered to have Berber ancestors. Around 90% of the Berber-speaking population speak one of seven major varieties of Berber, each with at least 2 million speakers. They are, in order of number of speakers: Shilha (""Tacelḥit/Tasussit""), Kabyle (""Taqbaylit""), Central Atlas Tamazight (""Tamaziɣt""), Riffian (internal:""Tmaziɣt, external:Tarifit""), Shawiya (""Tacawit"") and Tuareg (""Tamaceq/Tamajaq/Tamahaq""). The"
"by Masinissa and his descendants. Berbers together, with their relations and descendants, have been the major population group to inhabit the Maghrib (North African apart from the Nile) since about eight kya (thousand years ago). This region includes terrain from the Nile to the Atlantic, encompassing the vast Sahara at whose center rise the mountain heights of Ahaggar and Tibesti. In the west the Mediterranean coastlands are suitable for agriculture, having for hinterland the Atlas Mountains. It includes the land now known as Tunisia. Yet the most ancient written records concerning the Berber peoples are those reported by neighboring peoples"
"of this lineage. Additionally, genomic analysis has found that Berber and other Maghreb communities are defined by a shared ancestral component. This Maghrebi element peaks among Tunisian Berbers. It is related to the Coptic/Ethio-Somali, having diverged from these and other West Eurasian-affiliated components prior to the Holocene people with origins from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt. Most of North Africans in the United States are Coptic Orthodox Christians (of Egyptian origin), Muslims and Catholics (Isleños). Although there is also a small minority of people with the Berber culture that according to the census of 2000, they were a 1327"
"ancient pre Arab Assyrians/Mesopotamians. Almost all Christians in Iraq are ethnic Assyrians, where they number approximately 400,000. 500,000 are in Syria but are harder to identify, because they are often included in with the general Christian population and speak Arabic, however the Christians of the Tur Abdin and Al Hasakah regions in the north east are predominantly Assyrian. Berbers are an ethnic group indigenous to North Africa. They are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together"
"Barbary Coast The term Barbary Coast or Berbery or Berber Coast was used by Europeans from the 16th to early 19th century to refer to much of the collective land of the Berber people. The term ""Barbary Coast"" emphasizes the Berber coastal regions and cities throughout the middle and western coastal regions of North Africa – what is now modern nations of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. The English term ""Barbary"" (and its European varieties: ""Barbaria"", ""Berbérie"", etc.) referred mainly to the entire Berber lands including non-coastal regions, deep into the African continent, as seen in European geographical and political"
"of the Mediterranean region. When the Berbers enter history during the first millennium BCE, their own points of view on situations and events are, unfortunately, not available to us. Due to the impact of Carthage, it is the people of Tunisia who dominate the early historical writings on the Berbers. Here described are Berber peoples in the first light of history, drawn from written records left by Egyptians in northeast Africa, and mainly by Greek and Roman authors in northwest Africa. To the east of Tunisia, a Libyan dynasty ruled in Egypt; their armies marched into Phoenicia a century before"
"principal geographic regions of North Africa: the Maghreb, the Nile valley, and the Sahel. The Maghreb or western North Africa on the whole is believed to have been inhabited by Berbers since at least 10,000 B.C., while the eastern part of North Africa or the Nile Valley has mainly been home to the Egyptians. Ancient Egyptians record extensive contact in their Western desert with people that appear to have been Berber or proto-Berber. As the Tassili n'Ajjer and other rock art findings in the Sahara have shown, the Sahara also hosted various populations before its rapid desertification in 3500 B.C"