"Illyria (play) Illyria is a play by Bryony Lavery, written in 2002 and published along with a collection of other plays in the book ""Plays One"" in 2007. The title of the play descends from Shakespeare's play ""Twelfth Night"", which is also set in a country called ""Illyria"". Some allusions to Shakespeare's play can be found in the play, such as intertextual quotes from the original Shakespearan play, as well as some characters who share the same names as characters from ""Twelfth Night"". The play tells the story of the British journalist Maria Vargas, who is sent to the country"
"a supporter of the Earl of Essex but he did not visit England until the English court for the Christmas revels in December 1600 where he was entertained by Shakespeare's ""Twelfth Night"" and the play opens with the character of Duke Orsino saying the famous line ""If music be the food of love, play on."" He died in Rome in 1615. Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano Virginio Orsini (September 1572 – 9 September 1615) was the second Duke of Bracciano, member of the Orsini family and knight of the order of the Golden Fleece. He was the son of Paolo"
"not far from the Globe Theatre). The play is believed to have drawn extensively on the Italian production ""Gl'ingannati"" (or ""The Deceived Ones""), collectively written by the ""Accademia degli Intronati"" in 1531. It is conjectured that the name of its male lead, Orsino, was suggested by Virginio Orsini, Duke of Bracciano, an Italian nobleman who visited London in the winter of 1600 to 1601. Another source story, ""Of Apollonius and Silla"", appeared in Barnabe Riche's collection, ""Riche his Farewell to Militarie Profession conteining verie pleasaunt discourses fit for a peaceable tyme"" (1581), which in turn is derived from a story"
"for seven years (The element itself, till seven years' heat, Shall not behold her face at ample view). Because of her wealth and beauty Olivia attracts various men (Malvolio, Sir Andrew Aguecheek) who wish to marry her. The play begins with the Duke of Illyria, Orsino, pining away over his love for Olivia while she refuses to accept him as a suitor. Sir Andrew has been invited to her household by Sir Toby, and Andrew hopes to use his stay to make Olivia his bride. Malvolio uses his position as steward to gain her affections. Despite all of the rumpus"
"to Olivia. But then Olivia, under the impression that Viola was Cesario, falls in love with her. Later. when Viola's twin brother Sebastian comes to Illyria, he is mistaken as Cesario by Olivia and is asked to marry her, to which he agrees. At the end of the play, when the confusion over the identities of Viola and her twin Sebastian is resolved, and Orsino comes to know Viola's true identity, he agrees to take Viola as his wife. Orsino, as seen in the play, is a very passionate man. Being in love with the idea of love, he sees"
"play is based on various accounts of the semi-legendary Brythonic figure Leir of Britain, whose name has been linked by some scholars to the Brythonic god Lir/Llŷr, though in actuality the names are not etymologically related. Shakespeare's most important source is probably the second edition of ""The Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande"" by Raphael Holinshed, published in 1587. Holinshed himself found the story in the earlier ""Historia Regum Britanniae"" by Geoffrey of Monmouth, which was written in the 12th century. Edmund Spenser's ""The Faerie Queene"", published 1590, also contains a character named Cordelia, who also dies from hanging, as"
"other. Illyria is also referred to as a site of pirates in Shakespeare's earlier play, ""Henry VI, Part 2."" The names of most of the characters are Italian but some of the comic characters have English names. Oddly, the ""Illyrian"" lady Olivia has an English uncle, Sir Toby Belch. It has been noted that the play's setting also has other English allusions such as Viola's use of ""Westward ho!"", a typical cry of 16th century London boatmen, and also Antonio's recommendation to Sebastian of ""The Elephant"" as where it is best to lodge in Illyria (The Elephant was a pub"
"identities to the comedy. Taking Sebastian for 'Cesario', Olivia asks him to marry her, and they are secretly married in a church. Finally, when 'Cesario' and Sebastian appear in the presence of both Olivia and Orsino, there is more wonder and confusion at their physical similarity. At this point, Viola reveals her identity and is reunited with her twin brother. The play ends in a declaration of marriage between Duke Orsino and Viola, and it is learned that Sir Toby has married Maria. Malvolio swears revenge on his tormentors and stalks off, but Orsino sends Fabian to placate him. Illyria,"
"Viola (Twelfth Night) Viola is the protagonist of the play ""Twelfth Night"", written by William Shakespeare. Viola's actions produce all of the play's momentum. She is a young woman of Messaline. In the beginning Viola is found shipwrecked on the shores of Illyria and separated from her twin brother, not knowing whether he is alive or dead, the Sea Captain tells her that this place is ruled by the Duke Orsino, who is in love with the Countess Olivia. Viola wants to serve her, but, finding this impossible, she has the Sea Captain dress her up like a eunuch, so"
"Cymbeline Cymbeline , also known as Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (""c."" AD 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify ""Cymbeline"" as a romance or even a comedy. Like ""Othello"" and ""The Winter's Tale"", it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611. Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal"
"It."" The middle grouping of Shakespeare's plays begins in 1599 with ""Julius Caesar."" For the next few years, Shakespeare would produce his most famous dramas, including ""Macbeth,"" ""Hamlet,"" and ""King Lear."" The plays during this period are in many ways the darkest of Shakespeare's career and address issues such as betrayal, murder, lust, power and egoism. The final grouping of plays, called Shakespeare's late romances, include ""Pericles, Prince of Tyre"", ""Cymbeline"", ""The Winter's Tale"" and ""The Tempest"". The romances are so called because they bear similarities to medieval romance literature. Among the features of these plays are a redemptive plotline"
"with the Duke Orsino, creating a love triangle among Duke Orsino, Olivia and Viola: Viola loves Duke Orsino, Duke Orsino loves Olivia, and Olivia loves Viola disguised as Cesario. In the comic subplot, several characters conspire to make Olivia's pompous steward, Malvolio, believe that Olivia has fallen for him. This involves Olivia's riotous uncle, Sir Toby Belch; another would-be suitor, a silly squire named Sir Andrew Aguecheek; her servants Maria and Fabian; and her melancholy fool, Feste. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew engage themselves in drinking and revelry, thus disturbing the peace of Olivia's household until late into the night,"
"world of Illyria and each character featured in the show (“Prologue”). In the midst of his introductions, an intense thunderstorm shipwrecks the twins Viola and Sebastian off of Illyria’s coast. Viola is able to make it to shore, but is unable to find her brother, and assumes he is dead. She decides to take on his identity, reasoning that it would be safer to be a man in an unfamiliar place. Dressed as Sebastian, Viola begins to work as a servant for Orsino, a Duke who is in love with the Countess Olivia. Orsino sends Viola to ask for Olivia’s"
"during a vogue for historical drama. Shakespeare's plays are difficult to date precisely, however, and studies of the texts suggest that ""Titus Andronicus"", ""The Comedy of Errors"", ""The Taming of the Shrew,"" and ""The Two Gentlemen of Verona"" may also belong to Shakespeare's earliest period. His first histories, which draw heavily on the 1587 edition of Raphael Holinshed's ""Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland"", dramatise the destructive results of weak or corrupt rule and have been interpreted as a justification for the origins of the Tudor dynasty. The early plays were influenced by the works of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially"
"traditional and non-traditional. The Shakespeare canon is generally defined by the 36 plays published in the First Folio (1623), some of which are thought to be collaborations or to have been edited by others, and two co-authored plays, ""Pericles, Prince of Tyre"" (1609) and ""The Two Noble Kinsmen"" (1634); two mythological narrative poems, ""Venus and Adonis"" (1593) and ""The Rape of Lucrece"" (1594); a collection of 154 sonnets and ""A Lover's Complaint"", both published 1609 in the same volume; two passages from the manuscript play ""Sir Thomas More"", and a few other works In recent years, the anonymous history play"
"Shakespeare most notably in ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"". In ""The Faerie Queene"", Spenser's fairy queen is named Gloriana, and is also referred to as Tanaquill, which ""appears to be an epithet for Gloriana, Queen of Faeries"" derived from the name of the wife of Tarquinius Priscus. She is the daughter of Oberon, who in Shakespeare's later play is married to Titania, a name derived from Ovid as an epithet of the Roman goddess Diana. Diana was regularly portrayed as the ruler of the fairy kingdom in demonological literature, such as King James VI of Scotland's ""Daemonologie"", which says that she"
"the same source used by Shakespeare. Shakespeare used Britain's mythical history in several of his plays, including ""King Lear"" and ""Cymbeline"", based on the stories of Leir of Britain and Cunobelinus, respectively. The play is essentially a pastiche of Shakespeare, with Vortigern serving as a Macbeth figure; other Shakespearean elements include the use of Holinshead and Flavia's cross-dressing. The play experienced a comedic revival by the Pembroke Players at the Pembroke College New Cellars, Cambridge, on November 19, 2008. The production was directed by Pembroke third-year Alexander Whiscombe, and starred David Harrap in the title role with Eystein Thanisch as"
"famous example of this being Shakespeare's use of Greene's ""Pandosto"" (1588) for his ""The Winter's Tale"". Set in Sicily, the play centres on the rule of a fictional king named Gonzago. At the start of the play, Gonzago's army has just won a major victory over an unspecified foreign enemy. The victory, however, was nearly a defeat: the outcome of the battle was turned when the Sicilian general Sforza personally rescued Gonzago from the enemy forces that were about to overwhelm him. The celebrations of the victory dwell on Sforza's courage and prowess — to a degree that offends the"
"Roman plays ""Coriolanus"", ""Julius Caesar"", and ""Antony and Cleopatra"". Another tragedy ""King Lear"", is based on British legend, as is the romanc ""Cymbeline, King of Britain"", which is set in Ancient Britain. Other playwrights contemporary to Shakespeare, such as Christopher Marlowe, also dramatized historical topics. Marlowe wrote ""Edward the Second"" which deals with the deposition of King Edward II by his barons and the Queen, who resent the undue influence the king's favourites have in court and state affairs, and ""The Massacre at Paris"", which dramatizes the events of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France in 1572. Marlowe's ""Tamburlaine"
"journey brings them to the country Illyria, ruled by Duke Orsino. Meanwhile, Viola has disguised herself as a male page named Cesario and works for the Duke. A love triangle situation ensues, where the Duke is in love with Countess Olivia, Viola falls in love with the Duke, and Olivia falls in love with Viola, thinking she is a man. Because they look so much alike, when Olivia sees Sebastian later, after he has not backed down from a challenge by Sir Andrew Aguecheek, she thinks he is ""Cesario"". She asks him to marry her, to which Sebastian agrees. When"
"Ordinalia The Ordinalia are three medieval mystery plays dating to the late fourteenth century, written primarily in Middle Cornish, with stage directions in Latin. The three plays are Origo Mundi (The Origin of the World, also known as ""Ordinale de Origine Mundi"", 2,846 lines), Passio Christi (The Passion of Christ, also known as ""Passio Domini Nostri Jhesu Christi"", 3,242 lines) and Resurrexio Domini (The Resurrection of Our Lord also known as ""Ordinale de Ressurexione Domini"", 2,646 lines). The metres of these plays are various arrangements of seven- and four-syllabled lines. ""Ordinalia"" means ""prompt"" or ""service book"". The first play, called"
"in theatres across the world to this day. They include tragedies, such as ""Hamlet"" (1603), ""Othello"" (1604), and ""King Lear"" (1605); comedies, such as ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"" (1594—96) and ""Twelfth Night"" (1602); and history plays, such as ""Henry IV, part 1—2"". The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed ""the age of Shakespeare"" for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important Elizabethan and 17th-century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster. The English playwrights were intrigued by Italian model: a conspicuous community of Italian actors had settled in London. The linguist and lexicographer John Florio"
"a more general idealism; Harry M. Weidner maintained that the play reveals ""both a rich and complete artistic triumph and the hopeful, self-aware triumph of moral man."" The story is set in an otherwise-unnamed duchy in Italy, ruled by Duke Alphonso. As the story opens, the Duke and his son and heir Prince Vincentio are both in love with the beautiful Margaret, the daughter of Earl Lasso. Alphonso's plan to marry the girl (though he is much too old for her) is supported by his court favourite Medice, a figure roundly disliked by the other characters. Medice is considered a"
"Orsino (2.4).) His habit of roaming gets him into trouble with Lady Olivia: when we first see him, he must talk his way out of being turned out—a grim fate in those days—for being absent, as it were, without leave. He succeeds, and once back in his lady's good graces, he weaves in and out of the action with the sort of impunity that was reserved for a person nobody took seriously. There are instances in the play where Feste is believed to be an almost omniscient presence. Some critics have suggested that there are moments where it seems Feste"
"2005), provides two different versions of the play, each with respectable authority. The problem exists with at least four other Shakespearian plays (""Henry IV, part 1"", ""Hamlet"", ""Troilus and Cressida"", and ""Othello""). During Shakespeare's lifetime, many of his greatest plays were staged at the Globe Theatre and the Blackfriars Theatre. Shakespeare's fellow members of the Lord Chamberlain's Men acted in his plays. Among these actors were Richard Burbage (who played the title role in the first performances of many of Shakespeare's plays, including ""Hamlet"", ""Othello"", ""Richard III"" and ""King Lear""), Richard Cowley (who played Verges in ""Much Ado About Nothing""),"
"tale in composing ""Othello"", he departed from it in some details. Brabantio, Roderigo, and several minor characters are not found in Cinthio, for example, and Shakespeare's Emilia takes part in the handkerchief mischief while her counterpart in Cinthio does not. Unlike in ""Othello"", in Cinthio, the ""Ensign"" (the play's Iago) lusts after Desdemona and is spurred to revenge when she rejects him. Shakespeare's opening scenes are unique to his tragedy, as is the tender scene between Emilia and Desdemona as the lady prepares for bed. Shakespeare's most striking departure from Cinthio is the manner of his heroine's death. In Shakespeare,"
"flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. In his final period, Shakespeare turned to romance or tragicomedy and completed three more major plays: ""Cymbeline"", ""The Winter's Tale"" and ""The Tempest"", as well as the collaboration, ""Pericles, Prince of Tyre"". Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors. Shakespeare collaborated on two further surviving plays, ""Henry VIII"" and ""The Two Noble Kinsmen"", probably with John Fletcher. Other important figures in the Elizabethan theatre include"
"Wedding"" and ""Claricilla"" were successful stage plays. Of his last three works, ""Thomaso"" is a broad comedy based on Killigrew's experiences in European exile, while ""Bellamira"" and ""Cicillia"" are heroic romances—but all three are closet dramas, ten-act double plays never intended for the stage. Yet oddly enough, Aphra Behn adapted ""Thomaso"" for her successful ""The Rover"" (1677). The tragedy ""The Pilgrim,"" apparently never performed, borrows its plot from James Shirley's ""The Politician"" and reveals many allusions to Shakespeare. Some critics have considered ""The Parson's Wedding"" to be a Restoration play written before the Restoration, an anticipation of what was to"
"known. In 1787, British astronomer William Herschel discovered two new moons of Uranus that he named after characters in the play: Oberon, and Titania. Another Uranian moon, discovered in 1985 by the Voyager 2 spacecraft, has been named Puck. All references to ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Arden Shakespeare 2nd series edition. Under their referencing system, which uses roman numerals, III.I.55 means act 3, scene 1, line 55. A Midsummer Night's Dream A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus,"
"Ibsen’s play ""The Master Builder"", the protagonist is the architect Halvard Solness. The young woman, Hilda Wangel, whose actions lead to the death of Solness, is the antagonist. In Shakespeare’s play ""Romeo and Juliet"", Romeo is the protagonist. He is actively in pursuit of his relationship with Juliet, and the audience is invested in that story. Tybalt, as an antagonist, opposes Romeo and attempts to thwart the relationship. In Shakespeare’s play ""Hamlet"", Prince Hamlet, who seeks revenge for the murder of his father, is the protagonist. The antagonist would be the character who most opposes Hamlet, Claudius (though, in many"
"to be her brother Sebastian, and a girl named Olivia falls in love with Viola as Sebastian. She also goes to a restaurant named ""Cesario's"". Two of Duke's Illyria soccer teammates are named Andrew and Toby. A nod is given to the omitted subplot by naming a briefly-onscreen tarantula Malvolio. Sebastian’s ex-girlfriend Monique was given the surname Valentine, and the meddling Malcolm was given the surname Festes. ""Shakespeare in Love"" contains several references to ""Twelfth Night"". Near the end of the movie, Elizabeth I (Judi Dench) asks Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) to write a comedy for the Twelfth Night holiday. Shakespeare's"
"""The Duchess of Malfi"" (ca. 1614). Lowin's prowess as an actor is displayed by a remarkable fact about the plays in which he acted. In the hundreds of plays, and the thousands of roles in them, that date to the 1580–1610 era, there are only about twenty roles of 800 lines or longer. Only three plays have ""two"" roles of this scale: Shakespeare's ""Othello"" and Jonson's ""Volpone"" and ""The Alchemist."" Burbage played the starring role in the King's Men's productions of these plays—;and Lowin apparently was the man who seconded him (just as Lowin is known to have played Bosola"
"Odyssey The Odyssey (; ""Odýsseia"", in Classical Attic) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is, in part, a sequel to the ""Iliad"", the other work ascribed to Homer. The ""Odyssey"" is fundamental to the modern Western canon; it is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature, while the ""Iliad"" is the oldest. Scholars believe the ""Odyssey"" was composed near the end of the 8th century BC, somewhere in Ionia, the Greek coastal region of Anatolia. The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus (known as Ulysses in Roman myths), king of Ithaca,"