"adapted to a nocturnal way of life. Their spiny protection resembles that of the unrelated porcupines, which are rodents, and echidnas, a type of monotreme. The name ""hedgehog"" came into use around the year 1450, derived from the Middle English ""heyghoge"", from ""heyg"", ""hegge"" (""hedge""), because it frequents hedgerows, and ""hoge"", ""hogge"" (""hog""), from its piglike snout. Other names include ""urchin"", ""hedgepig"" and ""furze-pig"". The collective noun for a group of hedgehogs is ""array"". Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their spines, which are hollow hairs made stiff with keratin. Their spines are not poisonous or barbed and unlike the quills"
"Hedgehog A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia and no living species native to the Americas (the extinct genus ""Amphechinus"" was once present in North America). Hedgehogs share distant ancestry with shrews (family Soricidae), with gymnures possibly being the intermediate link, and they have changed little over the last 15 million years. Like many of the first mammals, they have"
"crisps were introduced in Britain, although the product did not contain any hedgehog. Subfamily Erinaceinae (Hedgehogs) Hedgehog A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia and no living species native to the Americas (the extinct genus ""Amphechinus"" was once present in North America). Hedgehogs share distant ancestry with shrews (family Soricidae), with gymnures possibly being the intermediate link, and they have"
"sometimes called the African pygmy hedgehog. Other species kept as pets are the long-eared hedgehog (""Hemiechinus auritus"") and the Indian long-eared hedgehog (""H. collaris""). It is illegal to own a hedgehog as a pet in some US states including Hawaii, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and California, and some Canadian municipalities, and breeding licenses are required. No such restrictions exist in most European countries with the exception of Scandinavia. In Italy, it is illegal to keep wild hedgehogs as pets. In areas where hedgehogs have been introduced, such as New Zealand and the islands of Scotland, the hedgehog has become a pest. In"
"after they have been cleaned, or it falls off. Hedgehog bones have been found in the pellets of the European eagle owl. In Britain, the main predator is the badger. European hedgehog populations in the United Kingdom are lower in areas where badgers are numerous, and British hedgehog rescue societies will not release hedgehogs into known badger territories. Badgers also compete with hedgehogs for food. The most common pet species of hedgehog are hybrids of the white-bellied hedgehog or four-toed hedgehog (""Atelerix albiventris"") and the North African hedgehog (""A. algirus""). It is smaller than the European hedgehog, and thus is"
"Hedgehog's dilemma The hedgehog's dilemma, or sometimes the porcupine dilemma, is a metaphor about the challenges of human intimacy. It describes a situation in which a group of hedgehogs seek to move close to one another to share heat during cold weather. They must remain apart, however, as they cannot avoid hurting one another with their sharp spines. Though they all share the intention of a close reciprocal relationship, this may not occur, for reasons they cannot avoid. Both Arthur Schopenhauer and Sigmund Freud have used this situation to describe what they feel is the state of the individual in"
"with the harasser. Jihlava – The city's German name, Iglau, is derived from the German word for hedgehog, Igel, hence the hedgehog on the coat of arms. The common American holiday Groundhog Day originated in Ancient Rome as Hedgehog Day and is still celebrated as such through much of the world. There are no native hedgehogs in the United States, so the early settlers chose the groundhog as a substitute. Hedgehogs remain largely unseen in modern-day American culture. On a number of occasions British educational programs have been revoiced to refer to hedgehogs as porcupines (at least one of such"
"Four-toed hedgehog The four-toed hedgehog (""Atelerix albiventris"") or African pygmy hedgehog, is a species of hedgehog found throughout much of central and eastern Africa. Populations tend to be scattered between suitable savannah or cropland habitats, avoiding forested areas. The species common name is derived from the number of toes found on its rear feet. Due to its extensive range and stable wild population, the species is rated as least concern by the IUCN. There are no universally agreed subspecies of ""A. albiventris"". The four-toed hedgehog is an oval bodied animal between in length and weighing between . Females are typically"
"in a teardrop shape, embedding pastry slivers or slivered almonds in the surface to resemble quills, and adding eyes and ears of peppercorns, olives, or whole almonds. The technique dates back to at least 1390, and was referenced in an episode of ""Two Fat Ladies"". Hedgehogs in culture Hedgehogs have appeared widely in popular and folk culture. As animals native to Europe and Africa, hedgehogs hold a place in European folklore. In most European countries, hedgehogs are believed to be a hard-working no-nonsense animal. This partially results from the folk belief that hedgehogs collect apples and mushrooms and carry them"
"recorded consuming scorpions and even venomous snakes. The most common sounds made by four-toed hedgehogs are snorts, hisses, and a quiet twittering sound. When attacked, the animal can scream loudly, and males also produce a birdlike call during courtship. Although four-toed hedgehogs do aestivate through the summer, this is not thought to be connected to a rise in temperature, but rather to a lack of available food. Aestivation rarely lasts for more than six weeks. When encountering a predator, its standard defensive reaction is to tense up all the muscles on its back to cause its spines to stand erect,"
"Hedgehog Care Hedgehog Care is a British animal welfare rescue, dedicated to the rescue and treatment of hedgehogs. It was founded in 1980 by Elaine Drewery, who continues to operate it. It started from small beginnings with her taking home injured hedgehogs she chanced upon. Then people began bringing animals they found to her and the rescue service grew from there. Drewery has been described as ""the doyenne of England's hedgehog ladies"" by the Wall Street Journal. Hedgehog Care describes itself as ""Lincolnshire's Famous Little Hedgehog Hospital."" It is located in Authorpe, Lincolnshire. Hedgehog Care generally cares for 50-200 hedgehogs"
"company logo shows a hedgehog. On the company website it is stated that ""Hodmedod"" is an East Anglian word for variously a hedgehog, a snail, an ammonite or curls in a girl's hair: all things small and curled up and thus possibly including beans and peas. ""We chose the word for the name of our business simply because we like the sound of it, and feel that it reflects our East Anglian backgrounds and represents part of our forgotten heritage, a bit like the fava bean or black badger peas"". It is also a Berkshire word for a scarecrow. Hodmedod's"
"Hedgehog flea The hedgehog flea (""Archaeopsylla erinacei"") is a flea species which, as indicated by its common name, is an external parasite specifically adapted to living with the European hedgehog and the North African hedgehog, but it has also been found on other animals. Named in 1835 by Peter Friedrich Bouché, ""A. erinacei"" is a common flea ""found on every hedgehog, usually in large numbers"". A typical number of fleas on a hedgehog is about a hundred, but up to a thousand have been reported on sick animals. The flea is occasionally found also on dogs and cats, but only"
"Hydnum repandum Hydnum repandum, commonly known as the sweet tooth, wood hedgehog or hedgehog mushroom, is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Hydnaceae. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, it is the type species of the genus ""Hydnum"". The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) that are characterized by their spore-bearing structures—in the form of spines rather than gills—which hang down from the underside of the cap. The cap is dry, colored yellow to light orange to brown, and often develops an irregular shape, especially when it has grown closely crowded with adjacent fruit bodies. The mushroom tissue is white"
"Domesticated hedgehog The most common species of domesticated hedgehog is the white-bellied or four-toed hedgehog, also called African pygmy hedgehog (""Atelerix albiventris""). The Algerian hedgehog (""Atelerix algirus"") is a separate species of hedgehog. The domesticated hedgehog kept as a pet is typically the African pygmy hedgehog (""Atelerix albiventris""). Other species kept as pets include the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (""Hemiechinus auritus auritus"") and the Indian long-eared hedgehog (""Hemiechinus collaris""). The Romans domesticated a relative of the Algerian hedgehog in the 4th century BC to use for meat and quills as well as pets. The Romans also used hedgehog skins to clean"
"larger than males. It has short legs, short tail typically around in length, a long nose, and small beady eyes. The ears and whiskers are both relatively large, implying that the animal has good senses. As its common name implies, and unlike related species, the four-toed hedgehog typically has only four toes on each foot, lacking the hallux. However, in some individuals, a small bony lump may be present in place of the hallux, or there may even be a well-developed toe, especially on the hind feet. It can vary greatly in colouration, but typical wild specimens have brown or"
"that protect against another snake venom, α-neurotoxin. Pigs, honey badgers, mongooses, and hedgehogs all have mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor that prevent the snake venom α-neurotoxin from binding, though those mutations developed separately and independently. The olfactory regions have not been thoroughly studied in the hedgehog. In mammals, the olfactory part of the brain is covered by neopallium, making it difficult to expose. This difficulty is not insurmountable, as it varies from one species to another. Tests have suggested that hedgehogs share the same electrical activity as cats. Although traditionally classified in the now abandoned order Insectivora, hedgehogs are"
"from a Narragansett term which means ""going in crowds"", which reflects the mummichog's strong shoaling tendency. Colloquial names include mummy, killie, salt water minnow, mud minnow, mud dabbler, marsh minnow, brackish water chub, gudgeon, and common killifish. Some of these terms may lead to confusion: the term minnow should be reserved for species of the family Cyprinidae, the mudminnows are members of the family Umbridae, and the name gudgeon is used for various bottom-dwelling species of cyprinid, eleotrid, and ptereleotrid fishes, none of which belongs to the same family as the fundulid mummichog. The body of the mummichog is elongate"
"are considered to be omnivores, and some of their foods are insects, frogs, mice, fruits, and roots. There are two types of Erinaceidae: Erinaceinae (hedgehog) and Galericinae (gymnure). Hedgehogs are nocturnals and have sharp, spiny fur on their backs. Furthermore, hedgehogs are usually found in Africa, Europe, and Asia. On the other hand, gymnures are diurnals and do not have spines. Instead, gymnures usually have stiff, bristly furs, and they produce a pungent smell when they feel threatened. Unlike hedgehogs, gymnures are usually found in South-East Asia and other tropical countries. The pregnancy lasts around six to seven weeks.They are"
"sleep for a large portion of the day under bushes, grasses, rocks, or most commonly in dens dug in the ground, with varying habits among the species. All wild hedgehogs can hibernate, though not all do, depending on temperature, species, and abundance of food. Hedgehogs are fairly vocal and communicate through a combination of grunts, snuffles and/or squeals, depending on species. Hedgehogs occasionally perform a ritual called anointing. When the animal encounters a new scent, it will lick and bite the source, then form a scented froth in its mouth and paste it on its spines with its tongue. The"
"crested coot, toed eagles, sandpipers, duck, quail, redstart, black redstart, merlin, black starling, starling, Flamingo, coot, horned coot, whiskered tern, black tern, pin-tailed sandgrouse, little egret, squacco heron, herring gull, Audouin's gull, black-headed gull, dark gull, purple heron, gray heron, barn swallow, red-rumped swallow, sparrow, house sparrow, tree sparrow, Spanish sparrow, jackdaw, honey buzzard, peregrine falcon, crested tit,blue- tit, goldfinch, eared owl, barn owl, kingfisher, heron, black kite, red kite, common blackbird, glossy ibis, chiffchaff, cattle egrets, teals, bittern, little egret, white wagtail, yellow wagtail, purple gallinule, penduline tit, woodcock, brown nighthawks, wood pigeon, shoveler, robin, spotted woodpecker, finch, woodpecker,"
"kitty-witches, hobby-lanthorns, Dick-a-Tuesdays, Elf-fires, Gyl-burnt-tales, knockers, elves, rawheads, Meg-with-the-wads, old-shocks, ouphs, pad-foots, pixies, pictrees, giants, dwarfs, Tom-pokers, tutgots, snapdragons, sprets, spunks, conjurers, thurses, spurns, tantarrabobs, swaithes, tints, tod-lowries, Jack-in-the-Wads, mormos, changelings, redcaps, yeth-hounds, colt-pixies, Tom-thumbs, black-bugs, boggarts, scar-bugs, shag-foals, hodge-pochers, hob-thrushes, bugs, bull-beggars, bygorns, bolls, caddies, bomen, brags, wraiths, waffs, flay-boggarts, fiends, gallytrots, imps, gytrashes, patches, hob-and-lanthorns, gringes, boguests, bonelesses, Peg-powlers, pucks, fays, kidnappers, gallybeggars, hudskins, nickers, madcaps, trolls, robinets, friars' lanthorns, silkies, cauld-lads, death-hearses, goblins, hob-headlesses, bugaboos, kows, or cowes, nickies, nacks, waiths, miffies, buckies, ghouls, sylphs, guests, swarths, freiths, freits, gy-carlins, pigmies, chittifaces, nixies, Jinny-burnt-tails, dudmen, hell-hounds, dopple-gangers,"
"abies"", ""Pinus sylvestris"", ""Fagus sylvatica"" and ""Quercus robur"". Hydnum rufescens Hydnum rufescens, commonly known as the terracotta hedgehog, is an edible basidiomycete of the family Hydnaceae. It belongs to the small group of mushrooms often referred to as the tooth fungi, which produce fruit bodies whose cap undersurfaces are covered by hymenophores resembling spines or teeth, and not pores or gills. It is very similar to the commoner hedgehog fungus (""Hydnum repandum""), and was previously sometimes considered a variety of that species. However, the following differences have been noted: Both species are found in European coniferous and deciduous forests growing"
"nomadis"", but at first it remained an invalid ""nomen ex dissertatione"". Later that year, however, it was validly named as the type species ""Zaraapelta nomadis"" by Arbour, Currie and, posthumously, the female Mongolian paleontologist Demchig Badamgarav. The generic name is derived from Mongolian ""zaraa"", ""hedgehog"", in reference to the prickly appearance of ankylosaurs, and the Greek πέλτη, ""peltè"", ""small shield"", a common component of ankylosaurian names in view of their body armour. The specific name ""nomadis"" is the genitive of the Latin ""nomas"", ""nomad"" and refers to the ""Nomadic Expeditions"" travel agency that has organised many palaeontological expeditions to Mongolia."
"Despite the close resemblance, it is not closely related to hedgehogs. Greater hedgehog tenrec The greater hedgehog tenrec or large Madagascar hedgehog or sokina (""Setifer setosus"", formerly known as Dasogale fontoynonti) is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rural gardens, urban areas"
"protein-rich insects, this leads to common problems of obesity. Fatty liver disease is one sign, heart disease is another. Hedgehogs uncommonly transmit a characteristic fungal skin infection to human handlers as well as other hedgehogs. This ringworm or dermatophytosis infection is caused by ""Trichophyton erinacei"", which forms a distinct mating group within the ""Arthroderma benhamiae"" species complex. Hedgehogs can suffer from balloon syndrome, a rare condition in which gas is trapped under the skin as a result of injury or infection and which causes the animal to inflate; in 2017 the BBC reported a case in which a male hedgehog"
"Hericium Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the Hericiaceae family. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue. This distinctive structure has earned ""Hericium"" species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously placed within the order Aphyllophorales, but recent molecular studies now place it in the Russulales. ""Hericium"" means ""hedgehog"" in Latin. The genus"
"Hedgehogs in culture Hedgehogs have appeared widely in popular and folk culture. As animals native to Europe and Africa, hedgehogs hold a place in European folklore. In most European countries, hedgehogs are believed to be a hard-working no-nonsense animal. This partially results from the folk belief that hedgehogs collect apples and mushrooms and carry them to their secret storage. It is unclear exactly how old this belief is, though the Roman author Pliny the Elder mentions hedgehogs gathering grapes by this method in his ""Naturalis Historia"". In medieval bestiaries and other illuminated manuscripts dating from at least the 13th century"
"The Hedgehog and the Fox The Hedgehog and the Fox is an essay by philosopher Isaiah Berlin—one of his most popular essays with the general public—which was published as a book in 1953. However, Berlin said, ""I never meant it very seriously. I meant it as a kind of enjoyable intellectual game, but it was taken seriously. Every classification throws light on something"". The title is a reference to a fragment attributed to the Ancient Greek poet Archilochus: (""a fox knows many things, but a hedgehog one important thing""). In Erasmus's ""Adagia"" from 1500, the expression is recorded as ""Multa"
"Crataegus Crataegus (), commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, or hawberry, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The name ""hawthorn"" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn ""C. monogyna"", and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus ""Rhaphiolepis"". The Latin name ""Crataegus"" is from the Greek ""kratos"" ""strength"" and ""akis"" ""sharp"", referring"
"Remains of an ""Echinodon""-like animal were found in stratigraphic zone 4 of the Morrison Formation. These are now named ""Fruitadens"". ""Echinodon"" has at times been considered a basal thyreophoran, mainly due to the erroneous association of turtle limb osteoderms with its remains. Paul Sereno's reclassification to Heterodontosauridae in 1991 remains somewhat controversial. David B. Norman and Paul M. Barrett redescribed ""Echinodon"" in 2002 and supported the heterodontosaurid classification, though using somewhat different evidence than Sereno. The cladogram below follows the analysis by Butler ""et al."", 2011: Echinodon Echinodon (pronounced eh-KY-no-don) meaning ""hedgehog tooth"" in reference to the spines on its"
"Greater hedgehog tenrec The greater hedgehog tenrec or large Madagascar hedgehog or sokina (""Setifer setosus"", formerly known as Dasogale fontoynonti) is a species of mammal in the family Tenrecidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, rural gardens, urban areas and zoos. It is the only species in the genus Setifer."
"is a proverb in a fragment attributed to the ancient Greek poet Archilochus: (the fox knows many little things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing). In Erasmus' ""Adagia"" from 1500, the expression is recorded as ""Multa novit vulpes, verum echinus unum magnum"". This proverb seems to imply the existence of an ancient fable involving a hedgehog instead of a cat, as do some folktales from the Balkans. An analogous story in book 5 of the ""Panchatantra"" (story 6) illustrates the danger of being too clever. The tale concerns two fish, Satabuddhi (hundred-wit) and Sahasrabuddhi (thousand-wit) and a frog, Ekabuddhi"