"CAFOD The Catholic Agency For Overseas Development (CAFOD), previously known as the Catholic Fund for Overseas Development, is the Catholic aid agency for England and Wales. It is an international aid agency working to alleviate poverty and suffering in developing countries. It is funded by the Catholic community in England and Wales, the British Government and the general public by donations. CAFOD is an agency of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales and part of the Caritas International Federation which operates in many countries and territories worldwide. CAFOD is a member of the DEC Disasters Emergency Committee and"
"unless functional groups of higher precedence are present. If a prefix form is required, ""oxo-"" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCHCOOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid. If the carbon in the carbonyl group cannot be included in the attached chain (for instance in the case of cyclic aldehydes), the prefix ""formyl-"" or the suffix ""-carbaldehyde"" is used: CHCHO is cyclohexanecarbaldehyde. If an aldehyde is attached to a benzene and is the main functional group, the suffix becomes benzaldehyde. In general carboxylic acids are named with the suffix ""-oic acid"" (etymologically a back-formation"
"Ó Ó, ó (o-acute) is a letter in the Czech, Emilian-Romagnol, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Kazakh, Polish, Slovak, and Sorbian languages. This letter also appears in the Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Irish, Nynorsk, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Galician languages as a variant of letter “o”. It is sometimes also used in English for loanwords. In Chinese pinyin ó is the ""yángpíng"" tone (阳平, high-rising tone) of ""o"". Ó is the 24th letter of the Czech alphabet and the 28th letter of the Slovak alphabet. It represents . In Dutch, the acute Ó accent is used to mark different meanings for"
"Lpod Lpod (also written ""lpOD"") is a project's name acronym for ""languages & platforms for OpenDocument. ""The lpOD Project develops a set of multilanguage tools around the OpenDocument Format (ODF) standard. The project was founded by four French companies and four French public laboratories in 2008. It received funding by the French National Research Agency and was awarded the official label of the Cap Digital competitivity cluster. The lpod project aims to develop a library implementing the ODF standard in extenso, that is, in the most complete way possible. On top of this library the project aims to build three"
"acids, or other compounds."" AlO, AmO, AmO, SbO, SbO, AsO, AsO, BaO, BeO, BiO, BiOCl, BO, BrO, CO, CO, CeO, ClO, ClO, ClO, ClO, CrO, CrO, CrO, CoO, CuO, CuO, CmO, CmO, DyO, ErO, EuO, OF, OF, FrO, GdO, GaO, GeO, AuO, HfO, HoO, InO, InO, IO, IrO, FeO, FeO, FeO, LaO, PbO, PbO, LiO, MgO, KO, RbO, NaO, SrO, TeO, UO PdCl PBr, PCl, PF, PO, PO, PS, PS, PH, HPO, HPO, KPF, KPO, KHPO, KHPO, (CH)P, (CH)P Pt, Pu, PuO Po, PoO, PoO, PoO, add Polonium compounds here KO, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, KCO, KOH, KSO, KMnO, KFeO,"
"requires FAD, molybdenum (MoCo) and two 2FE-2S clusters as cofactors. These two 2FE-2S cofactors each bind to the two distinct 150-kDa monomers of AO. Three separate domains harbor these three requirements. There is a 20 kDa N-terminal which binds to the two 2FE-2S cofactors, a 40 kDa domain which provides a means of binding to the FAD, and a C-terminal which houses the molybdenum. Aldehyde oxidase is thought to have a significant impact on pharmacokinetics. AO is capable of oxidizing many drugs in the liver (such as N-1-methylnicotinamide, N-methylphthalazinium, benzaldehyde, retinal, and vanillin), because of its broad substrate specificity. AO"
"Open O Open o (majuscule: Ɔ, minuscule: ɔ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, it represents the open-mid back rounded vowel. It is used in the orthographies of many African languages using the African reference alphabet. The Yucatec Maya language used Ɔ as a consonant in the orthography of the Colonial period. Now ""dz"" or ""tz'"" is preferred. On the Mac OS U.S. Extended keyboard, ""ɔ"" and ""Ɔ"" can be typed with followed by or . On a personal computer, ""ɔ"" can be typed by holding the ALT key and typing ""596"" on"
"cofactor, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). FAD is a common component in biological oxidation-reduction (redox reactions). Redox reactions involve a gain or loss of electrons from a molecule. In the GOx-catalyzed redox reaction, FAD works as the initial electron acceptor and is reduced to FADH. Then FADH is oxidized by the final electron acceptor, molecular oxygen (O), which can do so because it has a higher reduction potential. O is then reduced to hydrogen peroxide (HO). Glucose oxidase is widely used coupled to peroxidase reaction that visualizes colorimetrically the formed HO, for the determination of free glucose in sera or blood"
"numerous ionic compounds with formula AB, such as CeO, cubic ZrO, UO, ThO, and PuO. A related structure is the antifluorite structure, where the anions and cations are swapped, such as BeC. The mineral fluorite is abundant, widespread, and mainly of interest as a precursor to HF. Thus, little motivation exists for the industrial production of CaF. High purity CaF is produced by treating calcium carbonate with hydrofluoric acid: Naturally occurring CaF is the principal source of hydrogen fluoride, a commodity chemical used to produce a wide range of materials. Calcium fluoride in the fluorite state is of significant commercial"
"is incorporated into the carboxylate product is from water; however, the exact mechanism of reduction is still not known for AO. The AO also catalyzes the oxidation of heterocycles, which involves a nucleophilic attack located at the carbon atom beside the heteroatom. This means that susceptibility to nucleophilic attack of a heterocycle determines if that heterocycle is a suitable substrate for AO. Aldehyde oxidase is a member of the molybd-flavo protein family and has a very complex evolutionary profile—as the genes of AO varies according to animal species. Higher primates, such as humans, have a single functioning AO gene (AOX1),"
"complex resolving formula_45 which we can use this to compute formula_82. Sheaf of modules In mathematics, a sheaf of ""O""-modules or simply an ""O""-module over a ringed space (""X"", ""O"") is a sheaf ""F"" such that, for any open subset ""U"" of ""X"", ""F""(""U"") is an ""O""(""U"")-module and the restriction maps ""F""(""U"") →""F""(""V"") are compatible with the restriction maps ""O""(""U"") →""O""(""V""): the restriction of ""fs"" is the restriction of ""f"" times that of ""s"" for any ""f"" in ""O""(""U"") and ""s"" in ""F""(""U""). The standard case is when ""X"" is a scheme and ""O"" its structure sheaf. If ""O"" is"
"byte) of the file system; ODS-2 being structure level 2. An increase in the version number indicates a backwards-compatible change that older software may ignore; changes in the structure level itself are incompatible. W_FID (containing three values: FID_NUM, FID_SEQ and FID_RVN, corresponding to the file, sequence, and relative volume number) contains the ID of this file; EXT_FID (again composed of three values) holds the location of the next extension header, if any. In both of these values, the RVN is specified as 0 to represent the ""current"" volume (0 is not normally a valid RVN). FILECHAR contains several flags which"
"the number keypad. The capital ""Ɔ"" can be typed similarly by using ALT+390. Open o looks like a reversed letter 'C'. Claudius introduced a Ɔ (the ""antisigma"") with the intention of replacing ""bs"" and ""ps"". The Norwegian and Danish explanatory symbol (""forklaringstegnet"") can be typeset using the open o followed by a colon, thus: ɔ:. It is used for the meaning ""namely"", ""id est"", ""scilicet"" or similar and can be likened to the therefore sign (∴). Open O Open o (majuscule: Ɔ, minuscule: ɔ) is a letter of the extended Latin alphabet. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, it represents the"
"O O (named ""o"" , plural ""oes"") is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its graphic form has remained fairly constant from Phoenician times until today. The name of the Phoenician letter was ""ʿeyn"", meaning ""eye"", and indeed its shape originates simply as a drawing of a human eye (possibly inspired by the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph, cf. Proto-Sinaitic script). Its original sound value was that of a consonant, probably , the sound represented by the cognate Arabic letter ع ""ʿayn"". The use of this Phoenician letter for a"
"Õ ""Õ"", or ""õ"" is a composition of the Latin letter O with the diacritic mark tilde. The HTML entity is ""Õ"" for Õ and ""õ"" for õ. In Emilian-Romagnol, ""õ"" is used to represent [õː], e.g. ""savõ"" [saˈvõː] ""soap"". In Estonian, ""Õ"" is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä), and it represents a vowel characteristic of Estonian, the unrounded back vowel , which may be close-mid back, close back, or close-mid central. The vowel was previously written with the letter Ö, but in the early 19th century, Otto Wilhelm Masing adopted the letter ""Õ"", ending"
"words, for example voor/vóór (""for"" / ""before""), or vóórkomen/voorkómen (""to occur"" / ""to prevent""). In Emilian, ó is used to represent [o], e.g. ""sótt"" [sotː] ""dry"". In Romagnol, ó is used to represent [oː], e.g. ""alóra"" [aˈloːra] ""then"". Ó is the 18th letter of the Faroese alphabet and represents or . Ó is the 19th letter of the Icelandic alphabet and represents . Ó is widely used in Irish where it has various meanings: In Italian, ""ó"" is an optional symbol (especially used in dictionaries) sometimes used to indicate that a stressed ""o"" should be pronounced with a close sound:"
"Ò Ò, ò (o-grave) is a letter of the Latin script. It is used in Catalan, Emilian-Romagnol, Lombard, Occitan, Kashubian, Scottish Gaelic, Taos, Vietnamese, Haitian Creole, and Welsh. It also appears in Italian as a variant of ""o"". Ò is the 28th letter of the Kashubian alphabet and represents . In the Vietnamese alphabet, ò is the ""huyền"" tone (falling tone) of “o”. In Chinese pinyin, ò is the ""yángqù"" tone (阳去, falling tone) of “o”. In Welsh, the grave accent is used on ""o"" to denote a short [ɔ] sound in a word that would otherwise be pronounced with"
"Braille pattern dots-135 The Braille pattern dots-135 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the top and bottom left, and middle right dots raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the top and lower-middle left, and upper-middle right dots raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2815, and in Braille ASCII with the letter ""O"". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-135 is used to represent close-mid to open-mid back rounded vowels, such as /o/, /o̞/, or /ɔ/. Related to Braille pattern dots-135 are Braille patterns 1357, 1358, and 13578, which are used in 8-dot braille"
"Dictionary Open Service Interface Definition The Dictionary Open Service Interface Definition (OSID) is an O.K.I. specification which supports creating and populating dictionaries of tag-value pairs. OSIDs are programmatic interfaces which comprise a Service Oriented Architecture for designing and building reusable and interoperable software. Each Dictionary has a name, description and ""domain"" for which the Dictionary is intended. This service can be used for localization, mapping a set of values across application contexts, or performing any translation that fits into a tag-value paradigm. A Dictionary is a relatively simple mechanism. In place of defining a specific value to be used in"
"""córso"" , ""course"", as opposed to ""còrso"" , ""Corsican"" (but both are commonly written with no accent marks when the context is clear). A similar process may occur with ""é"" and ""è"", as in ""*pésca"", ""fishing"", and ""*pèsca"" ""peach"", in which the accent mark is not written (both are written as ""pesca""). Ó is the 23rd letter of the Kashubian alphabet and represents . It also represents in southern dialects. Ó is the 25th letter of the Hungarian alphabet. It represents . Ó is the 19th letter of the Kazakh Latin alphabet and represents (or ). Ó is the 21st"
"with the prefix ""o"" derived from ortho. This derivative has been considered for a wide range of applications from heat-resistant polymers to medical applications. The electronic structure of these cluster compounds has been described by Wade-Mingos rules. The chlorinated carborane acid H(CHBCl) is a superacid. Carbaboranes are closely related to boranes. Stoichiometric and structural similarities and differences arise from the fact that a carbon atom has just one more valence electron than a boron atom. Consequently, whereas the boron hydride, BH, has a ""nido""- structure the corresponding carbaborane, 1,5-CBH has a ""closo""-, trigonal bipyramidal structure. Similarly, the carbaborane ""closo"" 1,6-CBH"
"sets ""O""(""M"") because it is a topological space, and it gets a topology as in the above example. For two open sets ""U"" and ""V"" of ""M"", the fiber product ""U"" × ""V"" is the open set ""U"" ∩ ""V"", which is still in ""O""(""M""). This means that the topology on ""O""(""M"") is defined by a pretopology, the same pretopology as before. Let ""Mfd"" be the category of all manifolds and continuous maps. (Or smooth manifolds and smooth maps, or real analytic manifolds and analytic maps, etc.) ""Mfd"" is a subcategory of ""Spc"", and open immersions are continuous (or smooth,"
"syllable with abnormal stress. Ó represents in Upper Sorbian and represents or in, especially, Lower Sorbian. In Vietnamese alphabet ó is the ""sắc"" tone (high-rising tone) of “o”. Ó Ó, ó (o-acute) is a letter in the Czech, Emilian-Romagnol, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Kazakh, Polish, Slovak, and Sorbian languages. This letter also appears in the Afrikaans, Catalan, Dutch, Irish, Nynorsk, Occitan, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and Galician languages as a variant of letter “o”. It is sometimes also used in English for loanwords. In Chinese pinyin ó is the ""yángpíng"" tone (阳平, high-rising tone) of ""o"". Ó is the 24th letter"
"O (Cyrillic) O (О о; italics: ""О о"") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel , like the pronunciation of in Scottish English ""go"". The Cyrillic letter O was derived from the Greek letter Omicron (Ο ο). The name of O in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (""onŭ""), meaning ""he"" or ""it"". In the Cyrillic numeral system, O had a value of 70. In modern-style typefaces, the Cyrillic letter O looks exactly like the Latin letter O and the Greek letter Omicron . Historical typefaces (like ""poluustav"" (semi-uncial), a standard font style"
"Broad On Broad On (Ѻ ѻ; italics: ""Ѻ ѻ"") is a positional and orthographical variant of the Cyrillic letter O (О о) (here ""on"" (, ""onŭ"") is a traditional name of Cyrillic letter О; these names are still in use in the Church Slavonic alphabet). Broad On is used only in the Church Slavonic language. In its alphabet (in primers and grammar books), broad and regular shapes of О/о share the same position, as they are not considered different letters. Uppercase is typically represented by broad Ѻ, and lowercase is either regular о or dual: both broad ѻ and regular"
"(down with...). in the Kokborok language, represents the open-mid back rounded vowel /ɔ/. In Vietnamese, is called ', from the French '. It is not included in the standard Vietnamese alphabet, but it is often used as a substitute for ""qu-"" in literary dialect and very informal writing. It's also commonly used for abbreviating ""Ư"" in formal documents, for example ""Trung Ương"" is abbreviated as TW even in official documents and document ID number ""W"" is the 24th letter in the Modern Filipino Alphabet and is pronounced as it is in English. However, in the old Filipino alphabet, Abakada, it"
"COFF The Common Object File Format (COFF) is a format for executable, object code, and shared library computer files used on Unix systems. It was introduced in Unix System V, replaced the previously used a.out format, and formed the basis for extended specifications such as XCOFF and ECOFF, before being largely replaced by ELF, introduced with SVR4. COFF and its variants continue to be used on some Unix-like systems, on Microsoft Windows, in EFI environments and in some embedded development systems. The original Unix object file format a.out is unable to adequately support shared libraries, foreign format identification , or"
"ISO 8632). This was to limit the problem of having word processor and desktop publisher software be required to interpret all known graphics formats. The documents have both logical and layout structures. Logically the text can be partitioned into chapters, footnotes and other subelements akin to HTML, and the layout fill a function similar to Cascading Style Sheets in the web world. The binary transport format for an ODA-conformant file is called ""Open Document Interchange Format"" (ODIF) and is based on the Standard Generalized Markup Language and Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1). One of the features of this standard could"
"ORCID The ORCID iD (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) is a nonproprietary alphanumeric code to uniquely identify scientific and other academic authors and contributors. This addresses the problem that a particular author's contributions to the scientific literature or publications in the humanities can be hard to recognize as most personal names are not unique, they can change (such as with marriage), have cultural differences in name order, contain inconsistent use of first-name abbreviations and employ different writing systems. It provides a persistent identity for humans, similar to that created for content-related entities on digital networks by digital object identifiers (DOIs)."
"codes and . Caffeate O-methyltransferase In enzymology, a caffeate O-methyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate (caffeic acid), whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (ferulic acid). This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate 3-O-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include caffeate methyltransferase, caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase, and S-adenosyl-L-methionine:caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes,"
"which have structural uses; nor the metalloids, the typical uses of which extend to (for example) oxide glasses, alloying components, and semiconductors. Shared applications of different subsets of the nonmetals instead encompass their presence in, or specific uses in the fields of ""cryogenics and refrigerants"": H, He, N, O, F and Ne; ""fertilisers"": H, N, P, S, Cl (as a micronutrient) and Se; ""household accoutrements"": H (primary constituent of water), He (party balloons), C (in pencils, as graphite), N (beer widgets), O (as peroxide, in detergents), F (as fluoride, in toothpaste), Ne (lighting), P (matches), S (garden treatments), Cl (bleach"
"formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (FOR), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GAPOR), all isolated from hyperthermophilic archea; carboxylic acid reductase found in clostridia; and hydroxycarboxylate viologen oxidoreductase from ""Proteus vulgaris"", the sole member of the AOR family containing molybdenum. GAPOR may be involved in glycolysis, but the functions of the other proteins are not yet clear. AOR has been proposed to be the primary enzyme responsible for oxidising the aldehydes that are produced by the 2-keto acid oxidoreductases. AOR is found in hyperthermophillic archaea, Pyrococcus furiosus. The archaeons ""Pyrococcus"" ES-4 strain and ""Thermococcus"" ES-1 strain differ by their substrate specificity: AFOs show a broader"
"in CAD drawings, layered artwork, maps, multi-language documents etc. Basically, it consists of an Optional Content Properties Dictionary added to the document root. This dictionary contains an array of Optional Content Groups (OCGs), each describing a set of information and each of which may be individually displayed or suppressed, plus a set of Optional Content Configuration Dictionaries, which give the status (Displayed or Suppressed) of the given OCGs. A PDF file may be encrypted for security, or digitally signed for authentication. However, since a SHA-1 collision was discovered making use of the PDF format, digital signatures using SHA-1 have been"