"was in that state, had set out in pursuit, but had taken the wrong direction and was now twelve hours' journey away..."" Ferozepur District Gqzzettier 1915 Local public views. Mahout A mahout is an elephant rider, trainer, or keeper. Usually, a mahout starts as a boy in the ""family profession"" when he is assigned an elephant early in its life. They remain bonded to each other throughout their lives. The word ""mahout"" derives from the Hindi words ""mahaut"" (महौत) and ""mahavat"" (महावत), and originally from the Sanskrit ""mahamatra"" (महामात्र). Another term is ""cornac"" or ""kornak"", which entered many European languages"
"and Marsh Arabs have specific terms for the different sizes of mashoofs. A ""mataur"" is a small mashoof that can only fit one person (similar to a kayak) and is used for hunting fowl. Larger mashoofs are called ""burkasha"" or ""dānik"" (الدانك) and are used for transporting larger amounts of reeds and goods or carrying important sheikhs. Still larger mashoofs, called ""giood"" or ""anya"", are used for navigating large waterways like the Tigris and Euphrates and Shatt al-Arab. ""Giood"" often have sails, a ship's wheel, and a raised prow and stern and must be crewed by professional sailors. An average"
"into the 19th century. An elephant trainer, rider, or keeper is called a mahout. Mahouts were responsible for capturing and handling elephants. To accomplish this, they utilize metal chains and a specialized hook called an aṅkuśa or 'elephant goad'. According to Chanakya as recorded in the Arthashastra, first the mahout would have to get the elephant used to being led. The elephant would have learn how to raise its legs to help a rider climb on. Then the elephants were taught to run and maneuver around obstacles, and move in formation. These elephants would be fit to learn how to"
"keeper"", and in Sinhalese ""kurawanayaka"" (""stable master""). In Malayalam the word used is ""paappaan"". In Burma, the profession is called ""oozie""; in Thailand ""kwan-chang"" (ควาญช้าง); and in Vietnam ""quản tượng"". The most common tools used by mahouts are chains and the Goad ""Aṅkuśa"" (or ""ankus"", ""anlius"") – a sharp metal hook used in the training and handling of the elephant by stabbing the elephant in the head, and in areas like the mouth and inner ear, where the animal is most sensitive. In India, especially Kerala, mahouts use three types of device to control elephants. The ""thotti"" (hook), which is"
"Elephant goad The elephant goad, bullhook, or ankus (from Sanskrit """" or ""ankusha"") is a tool employed by mahout in the handling and training of elephants. It consists of a hook (usually bronze or steel) which is attached to a handle, ending in a tapered end. A relief at Sanchi and a fresco at the Ajanta Caves depict a three-person crew on the war elephant, the driver with an elephant goad, what appears to be a noble warrior behind the driver and another attendant on the posterior of the elephant. Nossov and Dennis (2008 p 19) report that two perfectly"
"so they were traditionally more widely used, particularly by children. However, wooden mashoofs are more durable (a reed mashoof needs to be repaired or even replaced annually) and so have become much more popular in the last two centuries. Mashoof are traditionally steered and propelled with a type of setting pole called a ""marda"" (المردى). A ""marda"" is 3-4 meters long and made from wood and sturdy reeds. In deeper water an oar known as a ""gharrafa"" (غرافة) is also used. However, many larger and more modern mashoof are also outfitted with an outboard motor. Mashoofs vary widely in size,"
"Mashoof A mashoof (Arabic: مشحوفف), also transliterated mashuf, is a long and narrow canoe traditionally used on the marshes and rivers of southern Iraq. It was widely used by the Marsh Arabs, or Maʻdān (معدان), as a fishing boat, water taxi, and primary means of transportation for people and goods. The mashoof's skinniness makes it an ideal vessel for navigating between the reeds and grasses of the Mesopotamian Marshes. Traditional mashoof building is close to extinction in modern Iraq, as a result of the draining of the Iraqi Marshes and the rise of gas-powered skiffs, which can carry heavier loads"
"is their primary means of transportation. All Marsh Arabs have a mashoof of their own, including children. They use it for gathering reeds, fishing and hunting, tending to their water buffalo, and carrying passengers and cargo. Mashoof repairmen called ""gallaf"" are common in most Marsh Arab villages. The importance of mashoofs in southern Iraq makes them a common subject of poems, songs, and other tributes. In June 2017, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi rode in a mashoof during a visit to Al-Chibayish, making him the first modern Iraqi leader to do so. Mashoof use declined precipitously in the 20th century"
"the saddle. When the rider dismounts, the lead rein is not used to tie the horse to a solid object, but rather is used as a lead rope and a form of Longe line when needed. The traditional mecate was an integral part of the ""vaquero"" culture that became the California tradition of western riding. The classic mecate is hand-braided of horsehair, usually long hair from the tail, often a blend of black and white hairs made into an alternating design. Modern mecates are made not only of horsehair, but also of synthetic rope, usually of a solid dark color,"
"modern mashoof is around wide and long. Mashoof A mashoof (Arabic: مشحوفف), also transliterated mashuf, is a long and narrow canoe traditionally used on the marshes and rivers of southern Iraq. It was widely used by the Marsh Arabs, or Maʻdān (معدان), as a fishing boat, water taxi, and primary means of transportation for people and goods. The mashoof's skinniness makes it an ideal vessel for navigating between the reeds and grasses of the Mesopotamian Marshes. Traditional mashoof building is close to extinction in modern Iraq, as a result of the draining of the Iraqi Marshes and the rise of"
"mahout (elephant driver) father with Kala Nag, a large elephant that has been in their family for four generations. Petersen (Walter Hudd) hires the father and Kala Nag, among others, for a large annual government roundup of wild elephants to be tamed and put to work. Amused by Toomai and learning that he has no one but his father to look after him, Petersen allows the boy to come too. Strangely, no elephants have been seen in the region in a while, so Petersen has staked his reputation on a guess that they will be found further north. However, six"
"Howdah A howdah, or houdah (Hindi: हौदा ""haudā""), derived from the Arabic هودج (hawdaj), that means ""bed carried by a camel"", also known as ""hathi howdah"" (हाथी हौदा), is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal such as camels, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare. It was also a symbol of wealth for the owner and as a result was decorated with expensive gemstones. Most notable are the Golden Howdah, the one used in display at the Napier Museum at"
"on the elephant's neck. The driver, called a mahout, was responsible for controlling the animal. In many armies, the mahout also carried a chisel-blade and a hammer (or sometimes poisoned weapons) to cut through the spinal cord and kill the animal if the elephant went berserk. War elephants had tactical weaknesses, however, that enemy forces often learnt to exploit. Elephants had a tendency to panic themselves: after sustaining painful wounds or when their driver was killed they would run amok, indiscriminately causing casualties as they sought escape. Their panicked retreat could inflict heavy losses on either side. Experienced Roman infantry"
"couple 10 - 15 horses apiece and two stallions so that they can start up their own herd. The extra stallion is sold or traded away. Mane trimming varies by region. Stallions are always left untrimmed; a long, thick mane is considered a sign of strength. Geldings, however, are clipped. Among the Darkhad ethnic group, the forelock is cut short and the bridle path is left unclipped. Sometimes the mane of a horse will be clipped short except for one patch near the withers. Mongolians save the cut off mane of the horse for spiritual reasons. Both tail and mane"
"cause tusk injuries, potentially resulting in breakages, nerve damage, and gum disease. The other elephants MEF rescues come from the different ways in which elephants are kept in captivity in Sri Lanka: elephants that individual people keep in their home gardens, temple-owned elephants which are often neglected when not used for religious purposes, and elephants hotels keep captive for tourism. As of 2014, MEF has 9 elephants and 13 mahouts. A positive and productive working relationship is sought between each elephant and it’s mahout from the moment the elephant arrives at the sanctuary. Every elephant has a night bed at"
"Float (horse-drawn) A float is a form of two-wheeled horse-drawn cart with a dropped axle to give an especially low loadbed. They were intended for carrying heavy or unstable items such as milk churns. The name survives today in that of the milkfloat. The axle passes beneath the loadbed of the cart but was cranked upwards at each side. This allows the load to be carried low, for stability and ease of loading with heavy objects such as churns or barrels. The high position of the stub axles allow large wheels, giving a smooth ride. The box body is open"
"most belay devices and some hitches the Munter can be tied off (dogged/dogged off) to maintain tension in a manner which is easily released under tension, this is often referred to as a Munter-Mule-Overhand or MMO (Munter Mule Overhand) The control rope (the rope not going to the load) is tied to the load rope with a Mule Knot (aka Halter hitch) - not a slipped overhand! - and the bight (loop) that sticks out is tied in an overhand around the load rope. A carabiner is then sometimes clipped through the end of the bight and around the load"
"3.5 feet in length and about 1 inch thick; the ""valiya kol"" (long pole), which is 10.5 feet in length and about 1 inch in thickness; and the ""cheru kol"" (short pole). Elephants, and therefore also mahouts, have long been integral to politics and the economy throughout Southern and Southeastern Asia. The animals are given away per request of government ministers and sometimes as gifts. In addition to more traditional occupations, today mahouts are employed in many countries by forestry services and the logging industry, as well as in tourism. In India there has been controversy over elephants attacking mahouts"
"fun of the 'entertainment' and the light that it throws on the development of one of the great writers of historical fiction."" Born and bred a mahout, Hussein's adventures often concern elephants. After working as a mahout, teller of tales, snake charmer, leopard handler and spy, he acquires a fortune and marries the woman of his dreams while still in his late teens. Hussein's mother dies in childbirth, and he is reared in the mahout trade by his father and grandfather. He learns the hathi-tongue, which is the private language mahouts use to bid their elephants, and grows up among"
"""bosal hanger."" The rein system of the hackamore is called the mecate. The mecate ( or ) is a long rope, traditionally of horsehair, approximately 20–25 feet long, tied to the bosal in a specialized manner that adjusts the fit of the bosal around the muzzle of the horse, and creates both a looped rein and a long free end that can be used for a number of purposes. When a rider is mounted, the free end is coiled and attached to the saddle. When the rider is dismounted, the mecate is not used to tie the horse to a"
"Stay apparatus The stay apparatus is a group of ligaments, tendons and muscles which ""lock"" major joints in the limbs of the horse. It is best known as the mechanism by which horses can enter a light sleep while still standing up. It does, however, exist in other large land mammals, where it plays a role in reducing fatigue while standing. The stay apparatus allows animals to relax their muscles and doze without collapsing. (Horses are able to sleep lying down as well.) The stay apparatus is an arrangement of muscles, tendons and ligaments that work together so that an"
"held."" A halter is used to lead and tie up an animal. It is used on many different types of livestock. Halters are most closely associated with Equidae such as horses, donkeys, and mules. However, they are also used on farm animals such as cattle and goats and other working animals such as camels, llamas, and yaks. Halters generally are not used on elephants or on predators, though there are halters made for dogs. Halters are often plain in design, used as working equipment on a daily basis. In addition to the halter, a lead line, lead shank or lead"
"Packhorse A packhorse or pack horse refers to a horse, mule, donkey, or pony used to carry goods on its back, usually in sidebags or panniers. Typically packhorses are used to cross difficult terrain, where the absence of roads prevents the use of wheeled vehicles. Use of packhorses dates from the neolithic period to the present day. Today, westernized nations primarily use packhorses for recreational pursuits, but they are still an important part of everyday transportation of goods throughout much of the third world and have some military uses in rugged regions. Packhorses have been used since the earliest period"
"art. This is not the case. The hood is enlarged in an amauti to permit both child and mother to be covered together, while the child is actually carried in the enlarged and extended back of the garment. The child rides with his or her belly against the mother's back and with knees bent. The garment is secured at the waist with a tie or belt which prevents the child from slipping down from the pouch. The weight of the child is carried across the shoulders of the garment although this weight is typically re-distributed by two more ties which"
"stressed the importance of the pouch. They often said that, if it came to be, the horse and rider should perish before the mochila did. The mochila was thrown over the saddle and held in place by the weight of the rider sitting on it. Each corner had a ""cantina,"" or pocket. Bundles of mail were placed in these cantinas, which were padlocked for safety. The mochila could hold of mail along with the of material carried on the horse. Eventually, everything except one revolver and a water sack was removed, allowing for a total of on the horse's back."
"be accepted by other wild elephants. A special bond exists between the mahout and the elephant, and an elephant is known to guard its mahout faithfully. However, elephants when ill-treated, in musth (periodic condition with testosterone surge) or highly temperamental, have been known to attack humans, even to the point of killing its own mahout. Many prominent temples in Kerala own elephants, many of which are donated by devotees. Elephants are a core part of ritual worship in the famous Guruvayur temple which owns more than 60 elephants. The world's only Elephant Palace is constructed in Punnattur Kotta, 3 km"
"and villagers due to the torture some elephants endure from their mahouts, especially during festivals. More than 90% of the elephants in Kerala, for example, are not obtained legally. The Singapore Zoo features a show called ""elephants at work and play"", where the elephants' caretakers are referred to as ""mahouts"", and demonstrate how elephants are used as beasts of burden in south-east Asia. The verbal commands given to the elephants by the mahouts are all in Sinhalese, one of the two official languages of Sri Lanka. A shop display advertising ""Mahout"" cigarettes features prominently in the background of the ""rain"
"like the tomahawk, often had a simple, straight haft with a circular cross-section that wedged onto the axe-head without the aid of wedges or pins. Modern hafts are curved for better grip and to aid in the swinging motion, and are mounted securely to the head. The ""shoulder"" is where the head mounts onto the haft, and this is either a long oval or rectangular cross-section of the haft that is secured to the axe head with small metal or wooden wedges. The ""belly"" of the haft is the longest part, where it bows in gently, and the throat is"
"to allow for a jib and staysail to be attached to the head stay and inner forestay, respectively. Once a common racing configuration, today it gives versatility to cruising boats, especially in allowing a small staysail to be flown from the inner stay in high winds. A catboat has a single mast mounted far forward and does not carry a jib. Most modern designs have only one sail, the mainsail; however, the traditional catboat could carry multiple sails from the gaff rig. A dinghy is a type of small open sailboat commonly used for recreation, sail training, and tending a"
"Horse-drawn boat A horse-drawn boat or tow-boat is a historic boat operating on a canal, pulled by a horse walking beside the canal on a towpath. The Romans are known to have used mules to haul boats on their waterways in the UK. Boat horses were the prime movers of the Industrial Revolution, and they remained at work until the middle of the 20th century. A horse, towing a boat with a rope from the towpath, could pull fifty times as much cargo as it could pull in a cart or wagon on roads. In the early days of the"
"horses or on those animals prone to laminitis or choke, to prevent them from eating too much or too fast. Horses trained for airscenting, for search and rescue or police work, often are worked in muzzles. This helps to keep them focused on their work, because they cannot easily snatch bites of grass. Horse muzzles may be purchased in tack shops or from equestrian supply companies, and are available as a halter attachment, or as a separate piece of equipment. Muzzle (mouth guard) A muzzle is a device that is placed over the snout of an animal to keep it"
"Bahut A bahut is a portable chest, with a rounded lid covered in leather, garnished with nails, once used for the transport of clothes or other personal luggage, it was, in short, the original portmanteau. This ancient receptacle, of which mention is made as early as the 14th century — its traditional form is still preserved in many varieties of the travelling trunk — sometimes had its leather covering richly ornamented, and occasionally its interior was divided into compartments; but whatever the details of its construction it was always readily portable. Towards the end of the 17th century the name"
"2482 B.E."" (1939). This act classifies elephants as draught animals along with horses, donkeys, and oxen. It allows domesticated elephants to be treated as private property. This act has no additional measures for animal welfare protection. The ""Wild Animal Reservation and Protection Act, B.E. 2535"" (1992) protects wild elephants, but excludes registered draught animals. Common training practices include being chained, cut, stabbed, burned and hit to varying degrees. Inexperienced mahouts are more likely to further harm their elephants and beat them into submission. Hooks are the common tool used to discipline and guide an elephant during treks. Muay Thai is"