"Merriam's 1929 taxonomy proposing 96 distinct species names for varieties of brown bear, E. Raymond Hall synonymized all 96 of Merriam's names with merely nine subspecies of ""U. arctos"". Hall synonymized ""Vetularctos inopinatus"" with ""U. arctos horribilis"", the normal grizzly bear. MacFarlane's bear MacFarlane's bear is a proposed extinct species of bear that was found in Canada's Northwest Territories. In 1864, Inuit hunters shot and killed an enormous yellow-furred bear and gave the skin and skull to the Fort Anderson post manager and amateur naturalist Roderick MacFarlane (sometimes given as Robert MacFarlane) of the Hudson's Bay Company. MacFarlane shipped the"
"known geography. Conceptually a fertile ground for invented flora and fauna that might inhabit this dark, cold and distant landscape. Ursus Horribilis is the unfortunate Latin name for Grizzly Bear – an iconic symbol of American wilderness. This diorama made in the traditional museum of natural history style (AMNH) creates a fictitious scene complete with habitat and food sources for this fabricated hybrid bear. The large oil paintings on either side of the bear are artistic depictions of Biblical Creation and Evolutionary Theory. She teaches at the Museum of Modern Art, Hunter College, Parsons, the New School for Design, Fordham"
"eyeglasses in some individuals, or the ""Andean bear"" for its distribution along the Andes. The root ""trem""- comes from a Greek word meaning ""hole;"" ""arctos"" is the Greek word for ""bear."" ""Tremarctos"" is a reference to an unusual hole on the animal's humerus. ""Ornatus"", Latin for ""decorated"", is a reference to the markings that give the bear its common English name. Spectacled bears are one of four extant bear species that are habitually arboreal, alongside the American black bear (""Ursus americanus"") and Asian black bear (""U. thibetanus""), and the sun bear (""Helarctos malayanus""). In Andean cloud forests, spectacled bears may"
"is referred to as ""ours blanc"" (""white bear"") or ""ours polaire"" (""polar bear""). In the Norwegian-administered Svalbard archipelago, the polar bear is referred to as ""Isbjørn"" (""ice bear""). The polar bear was previously considered to be in its own genus, ""Thalarctos"". However, evidence of hybrids between polar bears and brown bears, and of the recent evolutionary divergence of the two species, does not support the establishment of this separate genus, and the accepted scientific name is now therefore ""Ursus maritimus"", as Phipps originally proposed. The bear family, Ursidae, is thought to have split from other carnivorans about 38 million years"
"Urtica urens Urtica urens, commonly known as annual nettle, dwarf nettle, small nettle, dog nettle or burning nettle, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant species in the nettle family Urticaceae. It is native to Eurasia and it can be found in North America and New Zealand as an introduced species. It is reputed to sting more strongly than the Common Nettle/Stinging Nettle. In Europe, ""Urtica urens"" is one of the food plants of the small tortoiseshell butterfly (""Aglais urticae""). In New Zealand it is also a food plant for the New Zealand red admiral butterfly (""Bassaris gonerilla"", syn. ""Vanessa gonerilla"","
"around 25–30 years in the wild. Believed to have originated in Asia, the brown bear (""Ursus arctos"", L. 1758) spread across the Northern Hemisphere, colonising much of the Eurasian land mass as well as North America. Ursidae experts are continuing debate on the scientific classification of bears, of which there are currently eight recognised species although some experts recognise more subspecies. In the early 20th century, Cabrera (1914) considered the Cantabrian brown bear to be a distinct subspecies of European brown bear, ""Ursus arctos arctos"", (in itself a classification currently under debate) and named it ""Ursus arctos pyrenaicus"" (Fischer, 1829),"
"The scientific name of the brown bear, ""Ursus arctos"", comes from the Latin ""ursus"", meaning ""bear"", and Άρκτος ""arctos"", from the Greek word for bear. Brown bears are thought to have evolved from ""Ursus etruscus"" in Asia. The brown bear, per Kurten (1976), has been stated as ""clearly derived from the Asian population of ""Ursus savini"" about 800,000 years ago; spread into Europe, to the New World."" A genetic analysis indicated that the brown bear lineage diverged from the cave bear species complex approximately 1.2–1.4 million years ago but did not clarify if ""U. savini"" persisted as a paraspecies for"
"Eurybia mirabilis Eurybia mirabilis, commonly known as the bouquet aster or dwarf aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the aster family. It is endemic to the lower Piedmont of North Carolina and South Carolina in the southeastern United States. Within this small range it is found only infrequently, making it of conservation concern. The species is now largely confined to inaccessible bluffs due to the conversion of other habitats to farmland. It typically grows in deciduous or mixed deciduous woods, as well as on slopes or alluvial plains. Basic to neutral soils are usually preferred. Its flower heads emerge in"
"Short-faced bear The short-faced bears (""Arctodus"" spp.) is an extinct bear genus that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene epoch from about 1.8 Mya until 11,000 years ago. It was the most common early North American bear and was most abundant in California. There are two recognized species: ""Arctodus pristinus"" and ""Arctodus simus"", with the latter considered to be one of the largest known terrestrial mammalian carnivores that has ever existed. It has been hypothesized that their extinction coincides with the Younger Dryas period of global cooling commencing around 10,900 BC. The name short-faced bear derives from the shape of"
"Greek word ἄρκτος (""arktos""), meaning bear, as do the names ""arctic"" and ""antarctic"", from the constellation Ursa Major, the ""Great Bear"", prominent in the northern sky. Bear taxon names such as Ursidae and ""Ursus"" come from Latin ""Ursus/Ursa"", he-bear/she-bear. The female first name ""Ursula"", originally derived from a Christian saint's name, means ""little she-bear"" (diminutive of Latin ""ursa""). In Switzerland, the male first name ""Urs"" is especially popular, while the name of the canton and city of Bern is derived from ""Bär"", German for bear. The Germanic name Bernard (including Bernhardt and similar forms) means ""bear-brave"", ""bear-hardy"", or ""bold bear""."
"Photinus pyralis Photinus pyralis, known by the common names common eastern firefly and big dipper firefly, is the most common species of firefly in North America. ""P. pyralis"" is a flying and light-producing beetle with a light organ on the ventral side of its abdomen. This organism is sometimes incorrectly classified as ""Photuris pyralis"", which likely results from mistaking the similar-sounding genus ""Photuris"". The ""Photuris"" female may also lure a ""Photinus pyralis"" to be eaten to obtain spider-repellent steroids called ""lucibufagins"". In males the light organ covers the entire ventral surface of the three most posterior segments and in females"
"Eurasian brown bear The Eurasian brown bear (""Ursus arctos arctos"") is one of the most common subspecies of the brown bear, and is found in much of Eurasia. It is also known as the European bear, common brown bear, common bear, and colloquially by many other names. ""The genetic diversity of present-day brown bears (""Ursus arctos"") has been extensively studied over the years and appears to be geographically structured into five main clades based upon analysis of the mtDNA."" The Eurasian brown bear has brown fur, which ranges from yellow-brownish to dark brown, red-brown, and almost black in some cases;"
"authors also suggest that the giant short-faced bear and the cave bear were omnivores, like most modern bears, and the former may have eaten plants depending on availability. Short-faced bear The short-faced bears (""Arctodus"" spp.) is an extinct bear genus that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene epoch from about 1.8 Mya until 11,000 years ago. It was the most common early North American bear and was most abundant in California. There are two recognized species: ""Arctodus pristinus"" and ""Arctodus simus"", with the latter considered to be one of the largest known terrestrial mammalian carnivores that has ever existed. It"
"the late summer to early fall and show white to lavender rays with pale yellow centres sometimes tinged with purple. Eurybia mirabilis Eurybia mirabilis, commonly known as the bouquet aster or dwarf aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the aster family. It is endemic to the lower Piedmont of North Carolina and South Carolina in the southeastern United States. Within this small range it is found only infrequently, making it of conservation concern. The species is now largely confined to inaccessible bluffs due to the conversion of other habitats to farmland. It typically grows in deciduous or mixed deciduous woods,"
"Urial The urial (""Ovis orientalis vignei""), also known as the arkars or shapo, is a subspecies group of the wild sheep ""Ovis orientalis"". Noticeable features are the reddish-brown long fur that fades during winter; males are characterized by a black ruff stretching from the neck to the chest and large horns. It is found in western central Asia. The other subspecies group of ""O. orientalis"" is the mouflon (""Ovis orientalis orientalis"" group). The two groups have often been considered separate species. Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind"
"included the hunting of bears by humans for their fur or meat, and, less commonly, attacks by bears upon humans. More recently, as conservation efforts have become more commonplace, concerns over the sustenance and stability of the Kodiak bear population have arisen. The IUCN classifies ""Ursus arctos"", the species to which the Kodiak belongs, as being of ""least concern"" in terms of endangerment or extinction. However, the IUCN does not differentiate between subspecies; therefore, it is unknown whether the Kodiak bear population is as healthy as is stated. As a result, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, along with,"
"Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, the rabbit tick (occasionally known as the grouse tick), is a species of tick that is widely distributed in the Americas, stretching from Alaska to Argentina. ""H. leporispalustris"" is known to have one of the largest distributions for a tick originating in the New World. It is a three-host tick and a member of the family Ixodidae, commonly called the ""hard ticks,"" and the genus ""Haemaphysalis"". Its common hosts are rabbits (such as ""Sylvilagus"" spp.), hares (""Lepus"" spp.), and sometimes ground-feeding birds. ""H. leporispalustris"" has a rigid scutum and a prominent capitulum projecting forward from its"
"Dire wolf The dire wolf (""Canis dirus"", ""fearsome dog"") is an extinct species of the genus ""Canis"". It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat ""Smilodon fatalis"". The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs (125,000–9,440 years ago). The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found. Two subspecies are recognized, these being ""Canis dirus guildayi"" and ""Canis dirus dirus"". The dire wolf probably evolved from Armbruster's wolf (""Canis armbrusteri"") in North America. The largest"
"syn. ""Papilio gonerilla""), and the Australian/New Zealand yellow admiral butterfly (""Vanessa itea""). Urtica urens Urtica urens, commonly known as annual nettle, dwarf nettle, small nettle, dog nettle or burning nettle, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant species in the nettle family Urticaceae. It is native to Eurasia and it can be found in North America and New Zealand as an introduced species. It is reputed to sting more strongly than the Common Nettle/Stinging Nettle. In Europe, ""Urtica urens"" is one of the food plants of the small tortoiseshell butterfly (""Aglais urticae""). In New Zealand it is also a food plant"
"Arctium lappa Arctium lappa, commonly called greater burdock, , edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. It has become an invasive weed of high-nitrogen soils in North America, Australia, and other regions. Greater burdock is a biennial plant, rather tall, reaching as much as . It has large, alternating, cordiform leaves that have a long petiole and are pubescent on the underside. The flowers are purple and grouped in globular capitula, united in clusters. They appear in"
"""Heterodon"", ""puff adder"" is a common name inconsistent with established usage. ""Puff adder"" is the accepted common name of Bitis arietans, an unrelated, dangerously venomous, African species of viper, which incidentally does ""not"" flatten its neck in any threat display. If this threat display fails to deter a would-be predator, Heterodon species often roll onto their backs and play dead, going so far as to emit a foul musk and fecal matter from their cloaca and let their tongues hang out of their mouth, sometimes accompanied by small droplets of blood. If they are rolled upright while in this state,"
"Eriophorum callitrix Eriophorum callitrix, commonly known as Arctic cotton, Arctic cottongrass, suputi, or pualunnguat in Inuktitut, is a perennial Arctic plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is one of the most widespread flowering plants in the northern hemisphere and tundra regions. Upon every stem grows a single round, white and wooly fruit. The seeds are covered in this cottony mass and usually disperse when the wind carries them away. ""Eriophorum callitrix"" narrow, grass-like leaves. This plant is food for migrating snow geese, caribou and their calves. The Inuit used the seed heads as wicks in seal oil lamps. Clumps"
"tick study of the bacteria. Ivermectin is the normal treatment for ridding rabbits and small mammals of ""Haemaphysalis leporispalustris"". Insecticides such as pyrethrin, permethrin, and amitraz are dangerous to small mammals and must be avoided. Haemaphysalis leporispalustris Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, the rabbit tick (occasionally known as the grouse tick), is a species of tick that is widely distributed in the Americas, stretching from Alaska to Argentina. ""H. leporispalustris"" is known to have one of the largest distributions for a tick originating in the New World. It is a three-host tick and a member of the family Ixodidae, commonly called the ""hard"
"called ""caudoxin"". According to Lee et al. (1983), this is a presynaptic toxin similar to bungarotoxin, but with different binding sites. A number of authors, including Mertens (1955), use a trinomial to refer to this species, even though no subspecies are recognized. Bitis caudalis Bitis caudalis is a venomous viper species found in the arid region of southwest Africa, easily distinguished by the presence of a single, large horn-like scale over each eye. No subspecies are currently recognized. The species is commonly known as the horned adder, horned puff adder, or horned viper A short, stout little viper, it usually"
"d. terrificus"" following the publication of a paper by Wüster ""et al."" in 2005. Crotalus durissus Crotalus durissus is a venomous pit viper species found in South America. The most widely distributed member of its genus, this species poses a serious medical problem in many parts of its range. Currently, nine subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. This large Neotropical rattlesnake grows to a length of , and rarely to a maximum length of . It has two distinct stripes starting at the base of the head. Within the lines, the color is lighter than the stripes."
"some parts of the world. Infestation with pubic lice is also called phthiriasis or phthiriasis pubis, while infestation of eyelashes with pubic lice is called ""phthiriasis palpebrarum"" or ""pediculosis ciliarum"". The disease is spelled with ""phth"", but the scientific name of the louse ""Pthirus pubis"" is spelled with ""pth"" (an etymologically incorrect spelling that was nonetheless officially adopted in 1958). Humans are the only known hosts of this parasite, although a closely related species, ""Pthirus gorillae"", infects gorilla populations. Pediculosis pubis Pediculosis pubis (also known as ""crabs"" and ""pubic lice"") is a disease caused by the pubic louse, ""Pthirus pubis"","
"Crotalus viridis Crotalus viridis (Common names: prairie rattlesnake, western rattlesnake, Great Plains rattlesnake, and others) is a venomous pit viper species native to the western United States, southwestern Canada, and northern Mexico. Currently, two subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. The taxonomic history of this species is convoluted. Previously, seven other ""C. viridis"" subspecies were also recognized, including ""C. v. abyssus"", ""C. v. caliginis"", ""C. v. cerberus"", ""C. v. concolor"", ""C. v. helleri"", ""C. v. lutosus"" and ""C. v. oreganus"". However, in 2001 Ashton and de Queiroz described their analysis of the variation of mitochondrial DNA across"
"birds, along with the related thick-billed murre, are referred to as 'turrs' or 'tuirs', and are consumed. The meat is dark and quite oily, due to the birds' diet of fish. Eggs have also been harvested. Eggers from San Francisco took almost half a million eggs a year from the Farallon Islands in the mid-19th century to feed the growing city. Common murre The common murre or common guillemot (""Uria aalge"") is a large auk. It is also known as the thin-billed murre in North America. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North"
"razorbills and their relatives. The bird was known in literature even before this and was described by Charles d'Ecluse in 1605 as ""Mergus Americanus."" This also included a woodcut which represents the oldest unambiguous visual depictions of the bird. The species was not placed in its own scientific genus, ""Pinguinus"", until 1791. The generic name is derived from the Spanish and Portuguese name for the species, in turn from Latin ""pinguis"" meaning 'plump', and the specific name, ""impennis"", is from Latin and refers to the lack of flight feathers or pennae. The Irish name for the great auk is 'falcóg"
"the ""A Song of Ice and Fire"" series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin; in particular, roasted aurochs are sometimes served at banquets. In the 2012 movie ""Beasts of the Southern Wild"", the six-year-old main character imagines aurochs, though the fantasy creatures are portrayed by ""costumed"" Vietnamese Pot-bellied piglets. This article incorporates Creative Commons license CC BY-2.5 text from reference. Aurochs The aurochs ( or ; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (""Bos primigenius""), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is the"
"be unreliable, and that while many dire wolf remains are found in fossil assemblages dated to the terminal Pleistocene, there are no confirmed Holocene finds. Dire wolf The dire wolf (""Canis dirus"", ""fearsome dog"") is an extinct species of the genus ""Canis"". It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat ""Smilodon fatalis"". The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs (125,000–9,440 years ago). The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found. Two subspecies are"
"Argosarchus horridus Argosarchus horridus, or the New Zealand bristly stick insect, is a stick insect of the family Phasmatidae, endemic to New Zealand and the only member of its genus. Their body-length, up to 20 cm, is the longest of any New Zealand insect. The females are much larger than the males and have a visibly spiny thorax, the name """"horridus"""" means bristly in Latin. Some populations have only females as the species is a facultative parthenogen. Commonly found on Hoheria species but will eat a variety of other native plants and introduced Rubus species. A distinguishing feature is coxa"
"Lactarius torminosus Lactarius torminosus, commonly known as the woolly milkcap or the bearded milkcap, is a large agaric fungus. A common and widely distributed species, it is found in North Africa, northern Asia, Europe, and North America. It was first described scientifically by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774 as an ""Agaricus"", and later transferred to the genus ""Lactarius"" in 1821 by Samuel Frederick Gray. A variety, ""L. torminosus"" var. ""nordmanensis"", is known from the United States, Canada, and Switzerland. ""L. torminosus"" officially became the type species of ""Lactarius"" in 2011 after molecular studies prompted the taxonomic reshuffling of species between"