"either Apollo or the king Oeagrus of Thrace. She taught Orpheus verses for singing. According to Hesiod, she was also the wisest of the Muses, as well as the most assertive. Calliope married Oeagrus close to Pimpleia, Olympus. She is said to have defeated the daughters of Pierus, king of Thessaly, in a singing match, and then, to punish their presumption, turned them into magpies. (see Ovid, ""Metamorphoses"" 5.294–340, 662–78) She was sometimes believed to be Homer's muse for the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Roman epic poet, Virgil, invokes her in the Aeneid (9.525). In some cases, she is"
"and Europe, teaching the arts of cultivation wherever he went. According to Hesiod's account (c. 600 BC), generally followed by the writers of antiquity, the Nine Muses were the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (i.e., ""Memory"" personified), figuring as personifications of knowledge and the arts, especially literature, dance and music. The Roman scholar Varro (116–27 BC) relates that there are only three Muses: one born from the movement of water, another who makes sound by striking the air, and a third who is embodied only in the human voice. They were called Melete or ""Practice"", Mneme or ""Memory"" and"
"Hesiod Hesiod (; ""Hēsíodos"") was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject. Ancient authors credited Hesiod and Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought (he is sometimes considered history's first economist), archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping. The dating of"
"depends for its effect on a sophisticated deployment of the strategies of traditional Greek rhetorical genres. In antiquity Sappho's poetry was highly admired, and several ancient sources refer to her as the ""tenth Muse"". The earliest surviving poem to do so is a third-century BC epigram by Dioscorides, but poems are preserved in the ""Greek Anthology"" by Antipater of Sidon and attributed to Plato on the same theme. She was sometimes referred to as ""The Poetess"", just as Homer was ""The Poet"". The scholars of Alexandria included Sappho in the canon of nine lyric poets. According to Aelian, the Athenian"
"the Acropolis, where there was a statue dedicated to a Syrian. For this and other reasons, Artapanus of Alexandria, Alexander Polyhistor, Numenius of Apamea, and Eusebius identify Musaeus with Moses the Jewish lawbringer. Musaeus is singled out in Book 6 of ""The Aeneid"", as someone who the souls of Elysium particularly looked up to. Musaeus of Athens Musaeus of Athens (, ""Mousaios"") was a legendary polymath, philosopher, historian, prophet, seer, priest, poet, and musician, said to have been the founder of priestly poetry in Attica. He composed dedicatory and purificatory hymns and prose treatises, and oracular responses. Herodotus reports that,"
"Hesiod, the first didactic poet, put into epic verse his descriptions of pastoral life, including practical advice on farming, and allegorical myths. The poets Alcaeus of Mytilene, Sappho, Anacreon, and Bacchylides wrote of love, war, and death in lyrics of great feeling and beauty. Pindar celebrated the Panhellenic athletic festivals in vivid odes. The fables of the slave Aesop have been famous for more than 2,500 years. Three of the world's greatest dramatists were Aeschylus, author of the ""Oresteia"" trilogy; Sophocles, author of the Theban plays; and Euripides, author of ""Medea"", ""The Trojan Women"", and ""The Bacchae"". Aristophanes, the greatest"
"Greek poet Hesiod. Hence the adjective ""Aonian"" usually meant ""Heliconian"" and referred to the Muses. Virgil tells how one of the Muses led a poet up the mountains of Aonia; he also speaks of “Aonian Aganippe,” one of the sacred springs on Helicon. The English poet Ben Jonson berates himself for sloth: “Are all th’Aonian springs / Dri’d up?”. In ""Paradise Lost"", John Milton ""intends to soar / Above the Aonian mount"". Alexander Pope, in a similar gesture, says the bard must surpass the ""Aonian Maids"". In a sonnet, the Italian poet Ugo Foscolo addresses his Muse as ""Aonia Diva""."
"""Odyssey"" and ""Iliad"", with the nine Muses standing above them and a procession of worshippers approaching an altar, believed to represent the Alexandrine Homereion. Apollo, the god of music and poetry, also appears, along with a female figure tentatively identified as Mnemosyne, the mother of the Muses. Zeus, the king of the gods, presides over the proceedings. The relief demonstrates vividly that the Greeks considered Homer not merely a great poet but the divinely-inspired reservoir of all literature. From the 19th and 20th centuries, treatments of the subject by Wedgewood (based on a a 5th century BC vase misidentified in"
"Muses were on mountains or hills. R. S. P. Beekes rejects both etymologies and suggests a Pre-Greek origin. The earliest known records of the Nine Muses are from Boeotia, the homeland of Hesiod. Some ancient authorities thought that the Nine Muses were of Thracian origin. There, a tradition persisted that the Muses had once been three in number. In the first century BC, Diodorus Siculus cited Homer and Hesiod to the contrary, observing: Diodorus states (Book I.18) that Osiris first recruited the nine Muses, along with the satyrs, while passing through Ethiopia, before embarking on a tour of all Asia"
"created when the winged horse Pegasus aimed his hoof at a rock, striking it with such force that the spring burst from the spot. On Mount Helicon too was the spring where Narcissus was inspired by his own beauty. Mount Helicon and the Hippocrene spring were considered to be a source of poetic inspiration. In the late seventh century BCE, the poet Hesiod placed a reference to the Muses on the Helicon at the very beginning of his ""Theogony"": Later in the text, he describes a meeting between himself and the Muses on Mount Helicon, where he had been pasturing"
"Muses on Helicon. and thus follows explicitly in the footsteps of Hesiod. He also placed on Helicon the episode in which Tiresias stumbles upon Athena bathing and is blinded but at the same time given the art of prophecy, by which means poetry and prophecy are implicitly connected to each other. Perhaps reflecting this account, the Roman poet Ovid, in his ""Metamorphoses"", writes of Minerva visiting the muses on Mount Helicon. The cult centers on Helicon established in the Valley of the Muses, a fertile valley near Thespiai and Ascra, under the influence of the Hesiodic texts, in Hellenistic times"
"Musaeus of Athens Musaeus of Athens (, ""Mousaios"") was a legendary polymath, philosopher, historian, prophet, seer, priest, poet, and musician, said to have been the founder of priestly poetry in Attica. He composed dedicatory and purificatory hymns and prose treatises, and oracular responses. Herodotus reports that, during the reign of Peisistratus at Athens, the scholar Onomacritus collected and arranged the oracles of Musaeus but inserted forgeries of his own devising, later detected by Lasus of Hermione. The mystic and oracular verses and customs of Attica, especially of Eleusis, are connected with his name. A ""Titanomachia"" and ""Theogonia"" are also attributed"
"Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias in the later 2nd century AD, there were three original Muses: Aoidē (""song"" or ""voice""), Meletē (""practice"" or ""occasion""), and Mnēmē (""memory""). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshipped as well, but with other names: Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē,"
"Muses In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Ancient Greek: Μοῦσαι, ""Moũsai"") are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They are considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in these ancient cultures. In current English usage, ""muse"" can refer in general to a person who inspires an artist, musician, or writer. The word ""Muses"" (, ""Moũsai"") perhaps came from the o-grade of the Proto-Indo-European root *""men-"" (""to think"") or from root *""men-"" (""to tower, mountain"") since all the most important cult-centres of the"
"poet). It is not even known to what extent the makers of oral epic poetry were specialists. Phemius and Demodocus, in the ""Odyssey"", are depicted performing non-epic as well as epic songs. There was, however, certainly a profession of ""aoidos"". Eumaeus, a character in the ""Odyssey"", says that singers (""aoidoi""), healers, seers and craftsmen are likely to be welcomed as guests, while beggars are not; outside the world described by Homer, Hesiod gives a similar list in the form of a proverb on professional jealousy: According to the ""Iliad"" and ""Odyssey"" singers gained their inspiration from the Muses. Hesiod describes"
"which are the names of the three chords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively they were called Cēphisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, whose names characterise them as daughters of Apollo. In later tradition, four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoē, Aoedē, Archē, and Meletē, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia (or of Uranus). Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias"
"Mnemosyne Mnemosyne (; , ) is the goddess of memory in Greek mythology. ""Mnemosyne"" is derived from the same source as the word ""mnemonic"", that being the Greek word ""mnēmē"", which means ""remembrance, memory"". Mnemosyne is the mother of the nine Muses. A Titanide, or Titaness, Mnemosyne was the daughter of the Titans Uranus and Gaia. Mnemosyne was the mother of the nine Muses, fathered by her nephew, Zeus: In Hesiod’s ""Theogony"", kings and poets receive their powers of authoritative speech from their possession of Mnemosyne and their special relationship with the Muses. Zeus, in a form of a mortal"
"for composing a didactic poem in hexameters is the archaic Greek poet Hesiod, whose poem ""Works and Days"" shares with the ""Georgics"" the themes of man's relationship to the land and the importance of hard work. The Hellenistic poet Nicander's lost ""Georgics"" may also be an important influence. Virgil used other Greek writers as models and sources, some for technical information, including the Hellenistic poet Aratus for astronomy and meteorology, Nicander for information about snakes, the philosopher Aristotle for zoology, and Aristotle's student Theophrastus for botany, and others, such as the Hellenistic poet Callimachus for poetic and stylistic considerations. The"
"though most mythographers credit Marsyas or Athena with its invention. Some say she also invented other wind instruments. Euterpe is often depicted holding a flute in artistic renditions of her. Euterpe In Greek mythology, Euterpe (/juːˈtɜːrpiː/; Greek: Eὐτέρπη, Ancient Greek: [eu̯térpɛː]; ""rejoicing well"" or ""delight"" from Ancient Greek εὖ 'well' + τέρπειν terpein 'to please') was the one of the Muses, presiding over music. In late Classical times, she was named muse of lyric poetry. She has been called “Giver of delight” by ancient poets. Euterpe was born as one of the daughters of Mnemosyne, Titan goddess of memory, and"
"lyrical poetry), Terpsichore (muse of dancing), Erato (muse of erotic poetry), Thalia (muse of comedy), Polyhymnia (muse of hymns), and Urania (muse of astronomy). She is also the mother of several of the Sirens, the divine handmaidens of Kore (Persephone/Proserpina) who were cursed by her mother, Demeter/Ceres, when they were unable to prevent the kidnapping of Kore (Persephone/Proserpina) by Hades/Pluto. In Roman and Greek poetry, it was traditional to invoke the goddess Melpomene so that one might create beautiful lyrical phrases (see Horace's Odes). Melpomene Melpomene (; ), initially the Muse of Chorus, she then became the Muse of Tragedy,"
"Linus (Thracian) In Greek mythology Linus ( ""Linos"" ""flax"") was a reputed musician and master of eloquent speech. He was regarded as the first leader of lyric song. Linus' parentage was given as follows: (1) Muse Calliope and Oeagrus, or Apollo, (2) Muse Urania and Apollo, (3) Urania and Amphimarus, son of Poseidon, (4) the river-god Ismenius, (5) Urania and Hermes, (6) Muse Terpsichore and Apollo, (7) Muse Clio and Magnes, (8) Pierus, (9) Apollo and Aethusa, daughter of Poseidon, and lastly (10) Apollo and Chalciope. With various genealogy given, Linus was usually represented as the brother of another musician"
"to her in the streets of the town – probably a statue – and a painting of her in the gymnasium. In the early Roman Empire, Corinna's poetry was popular: the earliest mention of Corinna is by the first century BC poet Antipater of Thessalonica, who includes her in his selection of nine ""mortal muses"". However, modern critics have tended to dismiss it, considering it dull. Corinna Corinna or Korinna () was an ancient Greek lyric poet from Tanagra in Boeotia, who has been called the most famous ancient Greek woman poet after Sappho. Although ancient ""testimonia"" portray her as"
"his work ""Mouseion"" even brought them together for an imagined poetic ""ágōn"" (), which survives today as the ""Contest of Homer and Hesiod"". Most scholars today agree with Homer's priority but there are good arguments on either side. Hesiod certainly predates the lyric and elegiac poets whose work has come down to the modern era. Imitations of his work have been observed in Alcaeus, Epimenides, Mimnermus, Semonides, Tyrtaeus and Archilochus, from which it has been inferred that the latest possible date for him is about 650 BC. An upper limit of 750 BC is indicated by a number of considerations,"
"named after the nine Muses. These girls, believing that their skills were a great match to the Muses, afterwards entered into a contest with the Muses. Being conquered, they were transformed into birds called Colymbas, Iyngx, Cenchris, Cissa, Chloris, Acalanthis, Nessa, Pipo, and Dracontis. In the account of Pausanias, Pierus has emigrated from Thrace into Boeotia and established the worship of the Muses at Thespiae. Pierus of Emathia In Greek mythology, Pierus (), was the king of Emathia in Macedonia. He was the eponym of Pieria and Mt. Pierus. Pierus was credited to be the first to write in the"
"medium of delivery was public recitation, were divided by Alexandrian editors into nine books, named after the nine Muses. For poet and ""law-giver"" Solon, the Muses were ""the key to the good life""; since they brought both prosperity and friendship. Solon sought to perpetuate his political reforms by establishing recitations of his poetry—complete with invocations to his practical-minded Muses—by Athenian boys at festivals each year. He believed that the Muses would help inspire people to do their best. Ancient authors and their imitators invoke Muses when writing poetry, hymns or epic history. The invocation occurs near the beginning of their"
"poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Terpsichore (dance), Erato (love poetry), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry), and Urania (astronomy). According to Pausanias in the later second century AD, there were originally three Muses, worshipped on Mount Helicon in Boeotia: Aoide (""song"" or ""tune""), Melete (""practice"" or ""occasion""), and Mneme (""memory""). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshiped as well, but with other names: Nete, Mese, and Hypate, which are assigned as the names of the three cords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively, later they were called Cephisso,"
"erotic poetry), Thalia (muse of comedy), Polyhymnia (muse of hymns), and Urania (muse of astronomy). Sometimes they are referred to as water nymphs having been born from the four sacred springs on Helicon which flowed from the ground after Pegasus, the winged horse, stamped his hooves on the ground. Along with her sister Muses, Euterpe was believed to have lived on Mt. Olympus where she and her sisters entertained their father and the other Olympian gods with their great artistry. Later on, tradition also placed them on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia where there was a major cult center to the"
"believes he can gain a better understanding of the history living in the land around him, and a better understanding of himself. ""Personal Helicon"" is the final poem in Heaney's first collection. Helicon refers to the mountain in Greek mythology which is dedicated to the Greek God Apollo, who is the God of poetry. On the mountain live nine muses, each of whom represent a poetic inspiration.In Heaney's Helicon is a well which indicates that his inspiration comes from within the earth rather than above it. This theme resonates across his work in the poem ""Digging"" or in the later"
"poem on the First Punic War. Silius specifically names Virgil, Homer, and Ennius as his epic inspiration. Homer is mentioned at 13.778-797, where Silius has Scipio meet his shade in the underworld. Silius' sybil praises Homer as the preeminent, universal, and divine poet who made Troy, (i.e. Rome) famous in song, saying ""his [Homer's] poetry embraced the earth, sea, stars, and shades and he rivaled the Muses in song and Phoebus in glory,"" to which Scipio replies, ""If Fate would allow this poet to sing of Roman deeds, for all the world to hear, how much deeper an impression the"
"Roman poetry..."" Virgil is mentioned at 8.593-594, where Silius says of Virgil's hometown Mantua that it was ""home of the Muses, raised to the sky by immortal verse, and a match for the lyre of Homer."" Indeed, Virgil is considered Silius' most pervasive influence. His contemporaries Pliny and Martial discuss his almost crazed devotion to the spirit of Virgil (whom Silius is known to have worshipped as a god and whose tomb he bought and repaired) and often compare his poetry to the works of Virgil. Silius employs constantly Virgilian images, similes, tropes, and elements (such as his ""nekyia"" or"
"to him by Gottfried Kinkel. In 450 BC, the playwright Euripides in his play ""Rhesus"" describes him thus, ""Musaeus, too, thy holy citizen, of all men most advanced in lore."" In 380 BC, Plato says in his ""Ion"" that poets are inspired by Orpheus and Musaeus but the greater are inspired by Homer. In the ""Protagoras"", Plato says that Musaeus was a hierophant and a prophet. In the ""Apology"", Socrates says, ""What would not a man give if he might converse with Orpheus and Musaeus and Hesiod and Homer? Nay, if this be true, let me die again and again."""
"Ausonius Decimus ""or"" Decimius Magnus Ausonius (; – c. 395) was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala in Aquitaine, modern Bordeaux, France. For a time he was tutor to the future emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-known poems are ""Mosella"", a description of the river Moselle, and ""Ephemeris"", an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers, and circle of well-to-do acquaintances and his delight in the technical handling of meter. Decimius Magnus Ausonius was born in Burdigala, the son"
"through myth and visual representations, which are culture-dependent. According to Herodotus (484–425 BCE), Homer and Hesiod (between 750 and 650 BC) taught the Greek the knowledge of the Divine bodies of the Gods. The ancient Greek poet Hesiod (between 750 and 650 BC) describes in his ""Theogony"" the birth of the gods and creation of the world, which became an ""ur-text for programmatic, first-person epiphanic narratives in Greek literature,"" but also ""explores the necessary limitations placed on human access to the divine."" According to Platt, the statement of the Muses who grant Hesiod knowledge of the Gods ""actually accords better"