"Ursine colobus The ursine colobus (""Colobus vellerosus"", white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, white-thighed black-and-white colobus) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. The ursine colobus is quite distinctive, with predominantly black fur and lacking a white mantle. They have a black and naked face which is surrounded by a thick white halo of fur. The ursine colobus is further characterized by white patches on the thighs which vary in width and length. Like other species of colobus, the babies are born with an all white fur coat, which starts to turn black at around three months of age."
"The Old English name Beowulf is a kenning, ""bee-wolf"", for bear, in turn meaning a brave warrior. The family Ursidae is one of nine families in the suborder Caniformia, or ""doglike"" carnivorans, within the order Carnivora. Bears' closest living relatives are the pinnipeds, canids, and musteloids. Modern bears comprise eight species in three subfamilies: Ailuropodinae (monotypic with the giant panda), Tremarctinae (monotypic with the spectacled bear), and Ursinae (containing six species divided into one to three genera, depending on the authority). Nuclear chromosome analysis show that the karyotype of the six ursine bears is nearly identical, with each having 74"
"Urokinase Urokinase, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a serine protease present in humans and other animals. The human urokinase protein was discovered, but not named, by McFarlane and Pilling in 1947. Urokinase was originally isolated from human urine, and it is also present in the blood and in the extracellular matrix of many tissues. The primary physiological substrate of this enzyme is plasminogen, which is an inactive form (zymogen) of the serine protease plasmin. Activation of plasmin triggers a proteolytic cascade that, depending on the physiological environment, participates in thrombolysis or extracellular matrix degradation. This cascade had"
"Taurine Taurine (), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is an organic compound that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine is named after the Latin ""taurus"" (a cognate of the Greek ταῦρος) which means bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. Taurine has many fundamental biological roles, such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and modulation of calcium signaling."
"urchins animals with an extremely mineralized skeleton (which also explains their excellent conservation as fossils). The test of foraminiferan initially consists of gradually mineralized organic matter, but also sometimes exogenous agglomerated particles (in particular for species living in the sediment or in great depth). It can be of many types, like agglutinated (exogenous agglomerate), microgranular (with calcite grains), porcelain-like (smooth calcite) or hyalin (lens). Foraminiferans develops by building new rooms in their test. These are arranged according to a geometry particular to each species: they can be rectilinear, curved, rolled up or cyclic, and every time uniserial or multiserial. These"
"Ursus (genus) Ursus is a genus in the family Ursidae (bears) that includes the widely distributed brown bears, the polar bear, black bears and ""Ursus thibetanus"", the Asiatic black bear. The name is derived from the Latin ""ursus"", meaning ""bear"". A hybrid between grizzly bears and polar bears has also been recorded. Known commonly as a pizzly, prizzly, or grolar bear, the official name is simply ""grizzly–polar bear hybrid"". The mating systems within the genus ""Ursus"" are primarily classified as polygynous, polyandrous and promiscuous. Both males and females mate with more than one partner and use various strategies to increase"
"urate (NH·CHNO) or sodium urate monohydrate (Na·CHNO×HO), form in an acidic to neutral urine. They are usually small, yellow-brown, smooth stones. Urate stones form due to an increased excretion of uric acid in the urine. Dalmatians (especially males) and to a lesser extent Bulldogs are genetically predisposed to the formation of urate stones because of an altered metabolism of purines. Dalmatians have a decreased rate of urate hepatic transport, leading to only about 30 to 40 percent conversion of urate to allantoin, compared with greater than 90 percent conversion in other breeds. Dogs with portosystemic shunts or endstage liver disease"
"Urotensin II-related peptide Urotensin II-related peptide (URP) is a cyclic neuropeptide that is found in all vertebrates that have been genome sequenced so far. It has a long lasting hypotensive effect and may also regulate reproduction. It is part of the Urotensin II system and is one of the two endogenous ligands for rats, mice, and possibly humans. URP was discovered in rats when researchers were trying to locate urotensin II (UII), a neuropeptide that is a potent vasoconstrictor and increases REM cycles in the brain. The researchers designed antibodies using Goby UII as an antigen that would target the"
"Urocortin Urocortin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""UCN"" gene. Urocortin belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of proteins which includes CRF, urotensin I, sauvagine, urocortin II and urocortin III. Urocortin is involved in the mammalian stress response, and regulates aspects of appetite and stress response. Urocortin is a peptide composed of 40 amino acids. Urocortin is composed of a single alpha helix structure. The human ""UCN"" gene contains two exons, and the entirety of the coding region is contained within the second exon. Urocortin is expressed widely in the central and peripheral nervous systems,"
"Ursavus Ursavus is an extinct genus of ursid carnivoran mammals that existed in North America, Europe, and Asia during the Miocene, living from about 23–5.3 million years ago (Mya), existing for roughly . The genus apparently dispersed from Asia into North America about 20 Mya, becoming the earliest member of the subfamily Ursinae in the New World. Qiu points out that if a questionable 29 million-year-old specimen of ""Ursavus"" reported in North America is validated, ""Ursavus"" may have evolved in North America and dispersed westward into Asia. The higher number of fossils in Europe grading toward eastern Asia make the"
"animal opsins. Go/RGR comprises Go-coupled, RGR, peropsins, and neuropsins. Type-II opsins comprise four subclades: C-opsins (ciliary), R-opsins (rhabdomeric), Cnidops (cnidarian), and Go/RGR. Three of these subclades occur only in Bilateria (all but Cnidops). However, the bilaterian clades constitute a parphyletic taxon without Cnidops. Neuropsin and its orthologs have been found experimentally in a small number of animals, among them human, house mouse (""Mus musculus""), chicken (""Gallus gallus domesticus""), the Japanese quail (""Coturnix japonica""), the European brittle star ""Amphiura filiformis"" (related to starfish), the tardigrade water bear (""Hypsibius dujardini""), and the tadpole of ""Xenopus laevis"". Searches of publicly available databases of"
"experiment was done to determine which ligand had a higher affinity. When the binding of the two were compared and tested, URP actually had higher affinity. Urotensin II-related peptide Urotensin II-related peptide (URP) is a cyclic neuropeptide that is found in all vertebrates that have been genome sequenced so far. It has a long lasting hypotensive effect and may also regulate reproduction. It is part of the Urotensin II system and is one of the two endogenous ligands for rats, mice, and possibly humans. URP was discovered in rats when researchers were trying to locate urotensin II (UII), a neuropeptide"
"of find sites and specimen ages: Ursavus Ursavus is an extinct genus of ursid carnivoran mammals that existed in North America, Europe, and Asia during the Miocene, living from about 23–5.3 million years ago (Mya), existing for roughly . The genus apparently dispersed from Asia into North America about 20 Mya, becoming the earliest member of the subfamily Ursinae in the New World. Qiu points out that if a questionable 29 million-year-old specimen of ""Ursavus"" reported in North America is validated, ""Ursavus"" may have evolved in North America and dispersed westward into Asia. The higher number of fossils in Europe"
"In dogs and other animals, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. In small rodents such as rats and mice, it marks familiar paths. The urine of animals of differing physiology or sex sometimes has different characteristics. For example, the urine of birds and reptiles is whitish, consisting of a pastelike suspension of uric acid crystals, and discharged with the feces of the animal via the cloaca, whereas mammals' urine is a yellowish colour, with mostly urea instead of uric acid, and is discharged via the urethra, separately from the feces. Some animals' (example: carnivores') urine possesses a strong odour,"
"dogs (tribe Canini), which includes nine genera, and the true foxes (tribe Vulpini) with two genera. In addition, two basal genera are described. About 35 species of extant canids are currently recognized. Canids are the most social of all caniforms, sometimes living in packs. The dog is the most diverse of all mammals in terms of body structure variants. Family Ursidae (bears) is the largest of all the land caniforms. Eight species are recognized, divided into five genera. They range from the large polar bear (males, or ) to the small sun bear (males, or ) and from the endangered"
"as a precursor to the tropane ring was confirmed by Edward Leete. Ornithine then undergoes a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylation to form putrescine. In animals, however, the urea cycle derives putrescine from ornithine. L-ornithine is converted to L-arginine, which is then decarboxylated via PLP to form agmatine. Hydrolysis of the imine derives ""N""-carbamoylputrescine followed with hydrolysis of the urea to form putrescine. The separate pathways of converting ornithine to putrescine in plants and animals have converged. A SAM-dependent ""N""-methylation of putrescine gives the ""N""-methylputrescine product, which then undergoes oxidative deamination by the action of diamine oxidase to yield the aminoaldehyde. Schiff"
"dogs, a lack of uricase (a genetic trait fixed in this breed) contributes to hyperuricemia and corresponding hyperuricosuria. Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood. In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists largely as urate, the ion form. The amount of urate in the body depends on the balance between the amount of purines eaten in food, the amount of urate synthesised within the body (e.g., through cell turnover), and the amount of urate that is excreted in urine or through the gastrointestinal tract. In humans, the upper end of the"
"and size, as well as the counter-strategies of females, including sexually selected infanticide and cryptic female choice. Ursus (genus) Ursus is a genus in the family Ursidae (bears) that includes the widely distributed brown bears, the polar bear, black bears and ""Ursus thibetanus"", the Asiatic black bear. The name is derived from the Latin ""ursus"", meaning ""bear"". A hybrid between grizzly bears and polar bears has also been recorded. Known commonly as a pizzly, prizzly, or grolar bear, the official name is simply ""grizzly–polar bear hybrid"". The mating systems within the genus ""Ursus"" are primarily classified as polygynous, polyandrous and"
"Ursid hybrid An ursid hybrid is an animal with parents from two different species or subspecies of the Ursidae (bear) family. Species and subspecies of bear known to have produced offspring with another bear species or subspecies include brown bears, black bears, grizzly bears and polar bears, all of which are members of the ""Ursus"" genus. Bears not included in ""Ursus"", such as the giant panda, are probably unable to produce hybrids. Note all of the confirmed hybrids listed here have been in captivity (except grizzly/polar bear), but there have been hybrids in the wild. A recent study found genetic"
"bears and ""Ursus etruscus"". It also has derived characters of cave bears (""Ursus spelaeus"") and is considered to be the descendant of ""Ursus savini"" and very close to the common ancestor of brown bears. Sites and specimen ages: In 2013, a German team reconstructed the mitochondrial genome of an ""Ursus deningeri"" more than 300,000 years old, proving that authentic ancient DNA can be preserved for hundreds of thousand years outside of permafrost. Ursus deningeri Ursus deningeri (Deninger's bear) is an extinct species of mammal of the family Ursidae (bears), endemic to Eurasia during the Pleistocene for approximately , from ~1.8"
"site of the clot while TPA is preferred in AMI where peripheral bleeding is a secondary consideration. Urokinase Urokinase, also known as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is a serine protease present in humans and other animals. The human urokinase protein was discovered, but not named, by McFarlane and Pilling in 1947. Urokinase was originally isolated from human urine, and it is also present in the blood and in the extracellular matrix of many tissues. The primary physiological substrate of this enzyme is plasminogen, which is an inactive form (zymogen) of the serine protease plasmin. Activation of plasmin triggers a proteolytic"
"Ursus deningeri Ursus deningeri (Deninger's bear) is an extinct species of mammal of the family Ursidae (bears), endemic to Eurasia during the Pleistocene for approximately , from ~1.8 Mya to 100,000 years ago. The range of this bear has been found to encompass both Europe and Asia, demonstrating the ability of the species to adapt to many Pleistocene environments. ""U. deningeri"" is a descendant of ""U. savini"" and an ancestor of ""U. spelaeus"". ""Ursus deningeri"" has a combination of primitive and derived characters that distinguishes it from all other Pleistocene bears. Its mandible is slender like that of living brown"
"Ursari The Ursari (generally read as ""bear leaders"" or ""bear handlers""; from the Romanian ""urs"", meaning ""bear""; singular: ""ursar""; Bulgarian: урсари, ""ursari"") or Richinara are the traditionally nomadic occupational group of animal trainers among the Romani people. An endogamous category originally drawing the bulk of its income from busking performances in which they used dancing bears, usually brown bears and, in several instances, Old world monkeys, they have largely become settled after the 1850s. The Ursari form an important part of the Roma community in Romania, where they are one of the 40 tribal groups, as well as notable segments"
"on a military training area, and is currently in the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm. It is considered to be a good example of runestone style Pr3, which is also known as the Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. The inscription is unsigned but, along with U 613, has been attributed to the runemaster Visäte, who was active in the last half of the"
"major environmental changes; the first members of the genus ""Ursus"" appeared around this time. The sloth bear is a modern survivor of one of the earliest lineages to diverge during this radiation event (5.3 Mya); it took on its peculiar morphology, related to its diet of termites and ants, no later than by the early Pleistocene. By 3–4 Mya, the species ""Ursus minimus"" appears in the fossil record of Europe; apart from its size, it was nearly identical to today's Asian black bear. It is likely ancestral to all bears within Ursinae, perhaps aside from the sloth bear. Two lineages"
"urchins and their populations as a way to assess overall ocean acidification, temperatures, and ecological impacts. The organism's evolutionary placement and unique embryology with five-fold symmetry were the major arguments in the proposal to seek the sequencing of its genome. Importantly, urchins act as the closest living relative to chordates and thus are of interest for the light they can shed on the evolution of vertebrates. The genome of ""Strongylocentrotus purpuratus"", was completed in 2006 and established homology between sea urchin and vertebrate immune system-related genes. Sea urchins code for at least 222 Toll-like receptor genes and over 200 genes"
"years ago) from the main ursine stock; since it is the most basal member of the group, it is equidistant from all other extant ursids. The giant panda has been referred to as a living fossil. Despite the shared name, habitat type, and diet, as well as a unique enlarged bone called the ""pseudo thumb"" (which helps them grip the bamboo shoots they eat) the giant panda and red panda are only distantly related. The word ""panda"" was borrowed into English from French, but no conclusive explanation of the origin of the French word ""panda"" has been found. The closest"
"poisonous. Several milk-collecting companies were using the same premix, Chen says: ""So someone with technical skill had to be training them."" Ruminant animals can obtain protein from at least some forms of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) through fermentation by their rumen bacteria, hence NPN is often added to their diet to supplement protein. Nonruminants such as cats, dogs and pigs (and humans) cannot utilize NPN. NPN are given to ruminants in the form of pelleted urea, ammonium phosphate and/or biuret. Sometimes slightly polymerized special urea-formaldehyde resin or a mixture of urea and formaldehyde (both are also known as formaldehyde-treated urea) is"
"Sea urchin Sea urchins or urchins () are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species live on the seabed, inhabiting all oceans and depth zones from the intertidal to . Their tests (hard shells) are round and spiny, typically from across. Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with their tube feet, and sometimes pushing themselves with their spines. They feed primarily on algae but also eat slow-moving or sessile animals. Their predators include sea otters, starfish, wolf eels, and triggerfish. Like other echinoderms, urchins have fivefold symmetry as adults, but their pluteus larvae have bilateral (mirror)"
"such as brain, pituitary, kidney, heart, and skin. Urocortin in ""Xenopus"" has been shown to increase cAMP accumulation and inhibit appetite Urocortin Urocortin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""UCN"" gene. Urocortin belongs to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of proteins which includes CRF, urotensin I, sauvagine, urocortin II and urocortin III. Urocortin is involved in the mammalian stress response, and regulates aspects of appetite and stress response. Urocortin is a peptide composed of 40 amino acids. Urocortin is composed of a single alpha helix structure. The human ""UCN"" gene contains two exons, and the entirety"
"serpin superfamily was based on sequencing of the cDNA for the sheep gene. The pig uterine serpin was first identified because of its association with an iron-binding uterine protein termed uteroferrin. and was originally termed uteroferrin-associated protein. The designation of uterine serpins as SERPINA14 is based on their classification as a highly-divergent group of the α1-antitrypsin or A clade. In other analyses, uterine serpins have been considered as a separate clade in the serpin superfamily. The uterine serpins are novel with respect to other serpins by virtue of their limited distribution among mammals. They have been described only in species"
"the strictest measure, the purple sea urchin and humans share 7,700 genes. Many of these genes are involved in sensing the environment, a fact surprising for an animal lacking a head structure. The sea urchin also has a chemical 'defensome' that reacts when stress is sensed to eliminate potentially toxic chemicals. ""S. purpuratuses""' immune systems contains innate pathogen receptors like Toll-like receptors and genes that encode for LRR . There were genes identified for Biomineralization that were not counterparts of the typical human vertebrate variety SCCPs, and encode for transmembrane proteins like P16. Many orthologs exist for genes associated with"
"Urial The urial (""Ovis orientalis vignei""), also known as the arkars or shapo, is a subspecies group of the wild sheep ""Ovis orientalis"". Noticeable features are the reddish-brown long fur that fades during winter; males are characterized by a black ruff stretching from the neck to the chest and large horns. It is found in western central Asia. The other subspecies group of ""O. orientalis"" is the mouflon (""Ovis orientalis orientalis"" group). The two groups have often been considered separate species. Urial males have large horns, curling outwards from the top of the head turning in to end somewhere behind"