"of the most famous works of art featuring Hypnos is a bronze head of Hypnos himself, now kept in the British Museum in London. This bronze head has wings sprouting from his temples and the hair is elaborately arranged, some tying in knots and some hanging freely from his head. The English word ""hypnosis"" is derived from his name, referring to the fact that when hypnotized, a person is put into a sleep-like state (hypnos ""sleep"" + -osis ""condition""). The class of medicines known as ""hypnotics"" which induce sleep also take their name from Hypnos. Additionally, the English word ""insomnia"""
"Morpheus Morpheus ('Fashioner', derived from the meaning 'form, shape') is a god associated with sleep and dreams. In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"" he is the son of Sleep, who appears in dreams in human form. From the medieval period, the name began to stand more generally for the god of dreams, or of sleep. In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", Morpheus is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep). His name derives from the Greek word for form (""μορφή""), and his function was to appear in dreams in human guise. According to Ovid ""no other is more skilled than he in representing the gait,"
"Nyx Nyx (; , ""Nyks"", ""Night""; ) is the Greek goddess (or personification) of the night. A shadowy figure, Nyx stood at or near the beginning of creation and mothered other personified deities such as Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos (Death), with Erebus (Darkness). Her appearances are sparse in surviving mythology, but reveal her as a figure of such exceptional power and beauty that she is feared by Zeus himself. In Hesiod's ""Theogony"", Nyx is born of Chaos. With Erebus (Darkness), Nyx gives birth to Aether (Brightness) and Hemera (Day). Later, on her own, Nyx gives birth to Moros (Doom, Destiny),"
"Thanatos In Greek mythology, Thanatos (; , pronounced in ""Death"", from θνῄσκω ""thnēskō"" ""to die, be dying"") was the personification of death. He was a minor figure in Greek mythology, often referred to but rarely appearing in person. His name is transliterated in Latin as ""Thanatus"", but his equivalent in Roman mythology is ""Mors"" or Letum. Mors is sometimes erroneously identified with Orcus, whose Greek equivalent was Horkos, God of the Oath. The Greek poet Hesiod established in his ""Theogony"" that Thánatos is a son of Nyx (Night) and Erebos (Darkness) and twin of Hypnos (Sleep). Homer also confirmed Hypnos"
"Aergia Aergia (Greek: , ""inactivity"") is a goddess in Greek mythology, a personification of sloth, idleness, indolence and laziness. She is the daughter of Aether and Gaia. She is said to guard the court of Hypnos in the Underworld. Aergia is the transliteration of the Latin Socordia, or Ignavia. She was transliterated to Greek because Hyginus mentioned her based on a Greek source, and thus can be considered as both a Greek and Roman goddess. Her opposite character is Horme, a goddess of effort. As the goddess of sloth she owns many servants who do her bidding from the mortal"
"pests. Sleep has been seen in culture as similar to death since antiquity; in Greek mythology, Hypnos (the god of sleep) and Thanatos (the god of death) were both said to be the children of Nyx (the goddess of night). John Donne, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and other poets have all written poems about the relationship between sleep and death. Shelley describes them as ""both so passing, strange and wonderful!"" Many people consider dying in one's sleep the most peaceful way to die. Phrases such as ""big sleep"" and ""rest in peace"" are often used in reference to"
"Hypnos, Nyx and Thanatos, the gods of sleep, night and death, with the symbol of the poppy. The earliest written record appeared in the eighth century BC. Early Greek accounts seem to indicate the plant was used for euthanasia; on some Greek islands, women used it in old age to shorten the time left until natural death. Hippocrates (460–377 BC) was one of the first to emphasize the medicinal uses of the poppy and outline several methods of preparation. He described poppy juice as narcotic, hypnotic, and cathartic. He also recognized the plant’s uses as food, particularly the seeds. By"
"""Glimmande nymf"", Morpheus is invoked as the ""god of sleep"". Morpheus Morpheus ('Fashioner', derived from the meaning 'form, shape') is a god associated with sleep and dreams. In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"" he is the son of Sleep, who appears in dreams in human form. From the medieval period, the name began to stand more generally for the god of dreams, or of sleep. In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", Morpheus is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep). His name derives from the Greek word for form (""μορφή""), and his function was to appear in dreams in human guise. According to Ovid ""no"
"at Amyklai and at Olympia, upon looking at statues and illustrations where Eos (Hemera) is present. Hemera In Greek mythology Hemera (; ""Day"") was the personification of day and one of the Greek primordial deities. She is the goddess of the daytime and, according to Hesiod, the daughter of Erebus and Nyx (the goddess of night). Hemera is remarked upon in Cicero's ""De Natura Deorum"", where it is logically determined that ""Dies"" (Hemera) must be a god, if Uranus is a god. The poet Bacchylides states that Nyx and Chronos are the parents, but Hyginus in his preface to the"
"However Griffin suggests that this division of dream forms between Phantasos and his brothers, possibly including their names, may have been of Hellenistic origin. Phantasos In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", Phantasos ('Fancy') is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep). He appeared in dreams in the form of inanimate objects, putting on ""deceptive shapes of earth, rocks, water, trees, all lifeless things"". According to Ovid, two of his brothers were Morpheus, who appeared in dreams in human form, and one called Icelos ('Like'), by the gods, but Phobetor ('Frightener') by men, who appeared in dreams in the form of inanimate objects."
"Ushas (dawn). At ""Iliad"" 14.249–61, Hypnos, the minor deity of sleep, reminds Hera of an old favor after she asks him to put Zeus to sleep. He had once before put Zeus to sleep at the bidding of Hera, allowing her to cause Heracles (who was returning by sea from Laomedon's Troy) great misfortune. Zeus was furious and would have smitten Hypnos into the sea if he had not fled to Nyx, his mother, in fear. Homer goes on to say that Zeus, fearing to anger Nyx, held his fury at bay and in this way Hypnos escaped the wrath"
"anklets, tiny blue flowers in her hair, and a yellow mantle with a light-blue border. The mantle is wrapped around her legs and pulled up towards her front. Her back and bottom are nude. She leans against a white pillow with her right elbow and her left arm rests on top of her head, her fingers touching her upper right arm. The god of sleep, Hypnos, stands to the right of the image, besides Ariadne's pillow. He holds a branch over Ariadne to sprinkle water from a small gold dish in his left hand, inducing sleep. Hypnos is winged and"
"feared to enter her realm. His wife, Pasithea, was one of the youngest of the Graces and was promised to him by Hera, who is the goddess of marriage and birth. Pasithea is the deity of hallucination or relaxation. Hypnos used his powers to trick Zeus. Hypnos was able to trick him and help the Danaans win the Trojan war. During the war, Hera loathed her brother and husband, Zeus, so she devised a plot to trick him. She decided that in order to trick him she needed to make him so enamoured with her that he would fall for"
"Summanus Summanus () was the god of nocturnal thunder in ancient Roman religion, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid. Pliny thought that he was of Etruscan origin, and one of the nine gods of thunder. Varro, however, lists Summanus among gods he considers of Sabine origin, to whom king Titus Tatius dedicated altars ""(arae)"" in consequence of a votum. Paulus Diaconus considers him a god of lightning. The name ""Summanus"" is thought to be from ""Summus Manium"" ""the greatest of the Manes"", or ""sub-"", ""under"" + ""manus"", ""hand""."
"Olympiad. According to a passage in ""Deipnosophistae"", the sophist and dithyrambic poet Licymnius of Chios tells a different tale, in which Hypnos, the god of sleep, in awe of his beauty, causes him to sleep with his eyes open, so he can fully admire his face. The ""Bibliotheke"" claims that: According to Pausanias, Endymion deposed Clymenus, son of Cardys, at Olympia. Describing the ""early history"" of the Eleans, Pausanias reports that: Pausanias also reports seeing a statue of Endymion in the treasury of Metapontines at Olympia. Propertius (Book 2, el. 15), Cicero's ""Tusculanae Quaestiones"" (Book 1), and Theocritus discuss the"
"of other deities, including Summanus, the Roman god of nocturnal thunder; Februus, the Roman god from whose purification rites the month of February takes its name; the syncretic god Serapis, regarded as Pluto's Egyptian equivalent; and the Semitic god Muth (Μούθ). Muth was described by Philo of Byblos as the equivalent of both Thanatos (Death personified) and Pluto. The ancient Greeks did not regard Pluto as ""death"" per se. The best-known myth involving Pluto or Hades is the abduction of Persephone, also known as Kore (""the Maiden""). The earliest literary versions of the myth are a brief mention in Hesiod's"
"Hemera In Greek mythology Hemera (; ""Day"") was the personification of day and one of the Greek primordial deities. She is the goddess of the daytime and, according to Hesiod, the daughter of Erebus and Nyx (the goddess of night). Hemera is remarked upon in Cicero's ""De Natura Deorum"", where it is logically determined that ""Dies"" (Hemera) must be a god, if Uranus is a god. The poet Bacchylides states that Nyx and Chronos are the parents, but Hyginus in his preface to the ""Fabulae"" mentions Chaos as the mother/father and Nyx as her sister. Hemera was the female counterpart"
"a young shepherdess got lost and disappeared. The story looks to be an adaptation of the myth of Pluto and Proserpina. ""The content of this section is adapted from the entry Monte Summano of WP Italian."" Summanus Summanus () was the god of nocturnal thunder in ancient Roman religion, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal (daylight) thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid. Pliny thought that he was of Etruscan origin, and one of the nine gods of thunder. Varro, however, lists Summanus among gods he considers of Sabine origin, to whom king Titus Tatius dedicated"
"Harpocrates Harpocrates () was the god of silence, secrets and confidentiality in the Hellenistic religion developed in Ptolemaic Alexandria (and also an embodiment of hope, according to Plutarch). Harpocrates was adapted by the Greeks from the Egyptian child god Horus, who represented the newborn sun, rising each day at dawn. Harpocrates's name was a Hellenization of the Egyptian ""Har-pa-khered"" or ""Heru-pa-khered"", meaning ""Horus the Child"". In Egyptian mythology, Horus was the child of Isis and Osiris. Osiris was the original divine pharaoh of Egypt, who had been murdered by his brother Set (by ""interpretatio graeca"", identified with Typhon or Chaos),"
"Agonius Agonius (Ancient Greek: Ἀγώνιος) or Enagonius was an epithet of several gods in Greek mythology (or a distinct deity). Aeschylus and Sophocles use it of Apollo and Zeus, and apparently in the sense of helpers in struggles and contests, or possibly as the protectors of soldiers. But Agonius is more especially used as an epithet of Hermes, who presides over all kinds of solemn contests (), such as the Agonalia. Classical scholar William Warde Fowler thought it likely the deity or the epithets were merely inventions of the pontifices. According to a 19th-century catalog of Greek and Roman art"
"Phantasos In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", Phantasos ('Fancy') is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep). He appeared in dreams in the form of inanimate objects, putting on ""deceptive shapes of earth, rocks, water, trees, all lifeless things"". According to Ovid, two of his brothers were Morpheus, who appeared in dreams in human form, and one called Icelos ('Like'), by the gods, but Phobetor ('Frightener') by men, who appeared in dreams in the form of inanimate objects. The three brothers names are found nowhere earlier than Ovid, and are perhaps Ovidian inventions. Tripp calls these three figures ""literary, not mythical concepts""."
"Dionysus in comparative mythology Dionysus, the god of wine, theatre, and ecstasy in ancient Greek religion, has been compared to many other deities, both by his classical worshippers and later scholars. These deities include figures outside of ancient Greek religion, such as Jesus, Osiris, Shiva, and Tammuz, as well as figures inside of ancient Greek religion, such as Hades. In Plutarch's symposiacs, it is stated that there are those who believe Adonis to be the same as Dionysus, however, Plutarch acknowledges that there are others who hold them to be lovers. Comparisons have been made between Jesus Christ and Dionysus"
"division of dream forms between Phobetor and his brothers, possibly including their names, may have been of Hellenistic origin. Phobetor In Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", Phobetor ('Frightener'), so called by men, or Icelos ('Like'), so called by the gods, is one of the thousand sons of Somnus (Sleep). He appeared in dreams ""in the form of beast or bird or the long serpent"". According to Ovid, two of his brothers were Morpheus, who appeared in dreams in human form, and Phantasos ('Fancy'), who appears in dreams in the form of inanimate objects. The three brothers names are found nowhere earlier than Ovid,"
"a form of Zeus, continued to be the principal local deity of Thebes. Several words derive from Amun via the Greek form, ""Ammon"", such as ""ammonia"" and ""ammonite"". The Romans called the ammonium chloride they collected from deposits near the Temple of Jupiter-Amun in ancient Libya ""sal ammoniacus"" (salt of Amun) because of proximity to the nearby temple. Ammonia, as well as being the chemical, is a genus name in the foraminifera. Both these foraminiferans (shelled Protozoa) and ammonites (extinct shelled cephalopods) bear spiral shells resembling a ram's, and Ammon's, horns. The regions of the hippocampus in the brain are"
"Hermanubis In classical mythology, Hermanubis () was a god who combined Hermes (Greek mythology) with Anubis (Egyptian mythology). He is the son of Set and Nephthys. Hermes' and Anubis's similar responsibilities (they were both conductors of souls) led to the god Hermanubis. He was popular during the period of Roman domination over Egypt. Depicted as having a human body and jackal head, with the sacred caduceus that belonged to the Greek god Hermes, he represented the Egyptian priesthood, engaged in the investigation of truth. The divine name is known from a handful of epigraphic and literary sources, mostly of the"
"the features, and the speech of men; the clothing also and the accustomed words of each he represents."" Like other gods associated with sleep, Ovid makes Morpheus winged. Ovid called Morpheus and his brothers, the other sons of Somnus, the ""Somnia"" (""dream shapes""), saying that they appear in dreams ""mimicking many forms"". Ovid gives names to two more of these sons of Sleep. One called Icelos ('Like'), by the gods, but Phobetor ('Frightener') by men, ""takes the form of beast or bird or the long serpent"", and Phantasos ('Fancy'), who ""puts on deceptive shapes of earth, rocks, water, trees, all"
"a tortoise, referring to Mercury's legendary invention of the lyre from a tortoise shell. Like Hermes, he was also a god of messages, eloquence and of trade, particularly of the grain trade. Mercury was also considered a god of abundance and commercial success, particularly in Gaul, where he was said to have been particularly revered. He was also, like Hermes, the Romans' psychopomp, leading newly deceased souls to the afterlife. Additionally, Ovid wrote that Mercury carried Morpheus' dreams from the valley of Somnus to sleeping humans. Archeological evidence from Pompeii suggests that Mercury was among the most popular of Roman"
"erotic poetry), Thalia (muse of comedy), Polyhymnia (muse of hymns), and Urania (muse of astronomy). Sometimes they are referred to as water nymphs having been born from the four sacred springs on Helicon which flowed from the ground after Pegasus, the winged horse, stamped his hooves on the ground. Along with her sister Muses, Euterpe was believed to have lived on Mt. Olympus where she and her sisters entertained their father and the other Olympian gods with their great artistry. Later on, tradition also placed them on Mt. Helicon in Boeotia where there was a major cult center to the"
"Pasithea In Greek mythology, Pasithea (, ""relaxation""), or Pasithee, was one of the Charites (Graces), and the personification of relaxation, meditation, hallucinations and all other altered states of consciousness. The Charites are usually said to be the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, but Pasithea's parentage is given (by the poet Nonnus) as Hera and Dionysus. She was married to Hypnos, the god of sleep. Her sisters are Aglaea (""Splendor""), Euphrosyne (""Mirth""), and Thalia (""Good Cheer""). In Roman mythology they were known as the Gratiae, the ""Graces"". In book 14 of Homer's Iliad, Pasithea was one of the younger Charites. Hera"
"Pegasides Pegasides () were nymphs of Greek mythology connected with wells and springs, specifically those that the mythical horse Pegasus created by striking the ground with his hooves. According to Greek mythological tradition the winged horse Pegasus was the son of Poseidon, sea and river god of the Greeks, equivalent to the Roman Neptune. The hero Bellerophon needed the untamed Pegasus to help him defeat the monster Chimera. Hence, while Pegasus was drinking at the spring Pirene in Corinth, Bellerophon caught him. Pegasus, startled, struck a rock with his hoof, creating the spring Hippocrene on Mount Helicon. The name Pegasides"
"Comus In Greek mythology, Comus () is the god of festivity, revels and nocturnal dalliances. He is a son and a cup-bearer of the god Dionysus. Comus represents anarchy and chaos. His mythology occurs in the later times of antiquity. During his festivals in Ancient Greece, men and women exchanged clothes. He was depicted as a young man on the point of unconsciousness from drink. He had a wreath of flowers on his head and carried a torch that was in the process of being dropped. Unlike the purely carnal Pan or purely intoxicated Dionysos, Comus was a god of"
"and goddesses found in distant cultures are mythologically comparable and are cognates. Eos, the Greek goddess of the dawn, for instance, is cognate to Indic ""Ushas"", Roman ""Aurora"" and Latvian ""Auseklis"". Zeus, the Greek king of gods, is cognate to Latin ""Iūpiter"", Old German ""Ziu"", and Indic ""Dyaus"", with whom he shares similar mythologies. Other deities, such as Aphrodite, originated from the Near East. Greek deities varied locally, but many shared panhellenic themes, celebrated similar festivals, rites, and ritual grammar. The most important deities in the Greek pantheon were the Twelve Olympians: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hermes,"
"Zeus Zeus (; , ""Zeús"" ) is the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who rules as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Thor, and Odin. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by"