"the first stable human-animal chimeras in existence. Research in similar areas continued into 2004 and 2005, with the topic picking up coverage from publications such as ""National Geographic News"". The National Academy of Sciences soon began to look into the ethical questions involved. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office additionally stirred interest into the topic by granting a patent request for a genetically modified mouse with a human immune system. Scientists announced in 2017 that they successfully created the first human-animal chimeric embryo. The embryo consisted mostly pig cells and some human cells. Scientists stated that they hope to use"
"flies and biting insects. Many animals have dark pigments such as melanin in their skin, eyes and fur to protect themselves against sunburn (damage to living tissues caused by ultraviolet light). Some frogs such as ""Bokermannohyla alvarengai"", which basks in sunlight, lighten their skin colour when hot (and darkens when cold), making their skin reflect more heat and so avoid overheating. Some animals are coloured purely incidentally because their blood contains pigments. For example, amphibians like the olm that live in caves may be largely colourless as colour has no function in that environment, but they show some red because"
"a secret agent. The choice of a platypus was inspired by media underuse, as well as to exploit the animal's striking appearance. As a character, Perry has been well received by both fans and critics. Platypus The platypus (""Ornithorhynchus anatinus""), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The animal is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and"
"very small and are not the primary area for photosynthesis. The chlorophyll filled stems carry out the primary photosynthesis. Four-wing saltbush excretes salt through its leaves to prevent build-up of lethal salts in the plant. The plants on the alkaline flats have a high internal concentration of salt and are able to extract water other plants can not. Common animals of the California deserts include the desert bighorn sheep, desert kit fox, coyote, spotted skunk, spotted bat, black-tailed jackrabbit, ground squirrels, kangaroo rat, white-footed mouse, and desert tortoise. Before the European exploration of North America, tribes of Native Americans, such"
"bat has specialized infrared sensors in its nose-leaf. Vampire bats are the only mammals that feed exclusively on blood. The infrared sense enables Desmodus to localize homeothermic (warm-blooded) animals (cattle, horses, wild mammals) within a range of about 10 to 15 cm. This infrared perception is possibly used in detecting regions of maximal blood flow on targeted prey. Other animals with specialized heat detectors are forest fire seeking beetles (""Melanophila acuminata""), which lay their eggs in conifers freshly killed by forest fires. Darkly pigmented butterflies ""Pachliopta aristolochiae"" and ""Troides rhadamathus"" use specialized heat detectors to avoid damage while basking. The"
"can remain in the sunlight for several hours with minimal harm. Corn snakes and snakes of larger types, such as a boa or diamondback snakes, are the most commonly affected by albinism often appearing to be a pinkish or yellowish colour. Albino tortoises and turtles are uncommon; Sulcata tortoises are the most likely type of turtle to express albinism. The shells have an almost yellow colouration and they have pink eyes. For turtles, a pure white colour is nearly impossible, even with albinism. Albino turtles can have a longer lifespan than many other albino animals; their hard shells help to"
"the first fishes, amphibians, and reptiles – are the only vertebrates to possess the evolutionarily recent, outermost part of the cerebral cortex known as the neocortex. The neocortex of monotremes (the duck-billed platypus and several species of spiny anteaters) and of marsupials (such as kangaroos, koalas, opossums, wombats, and Tasmanian devils) lack the convolutions – gyri and sulci – found in the neocortex of most placental mammals (eutherians). Within placental mammals, the size and complexity of the neocortex increased over time. The area of the neocortex of mice is only about 1/100 that of monkeys, and that of monkeys is"
"rehabilitation centre, trauma (usually resulting from a motor vehicle accident or dog attack) was found to be the most frequent cause of admission, followed by symptoms of ""Chlamydia"" infection. Wildlife caretakers are issued special permits, but must release the animals back into the wild when they are either well enough or, in the case of joeys, old enough. As with most native animals, the koala cannot legally be kept as a pet in Australia or anywhere else. Koala The koala (""Phascolarctos cinereus"", or, inaccurately, koala bear) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia. It is the only extant representative"
"Black, and Caspian seas. There are about 15,000 European freshwater known animal species. Arctic tundra is the northernmost (and coldest) of European habitats, in extreme northern Scandinavia, Svalbard archipelago, northernmost part of Russia. Some typical animals include reindeer, Arctic fox, brown bear, ermine, lemmings, partridges, snowy owl and many insects. Most tundra animals undergo hibernation during the colder season. Iceland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean with very scarce land fauna. The only native land mammal when humans arrived was the Arctic fox. There are no native reptiles or amphibians on the island, but a rich marine fauna"
"loss of human body hair must be great enough to outweigh the loss of these protective functions by nakedness. Humans are the only primate species that have undergone significant hair loss and of the approximately 5000 extant species of mammal, only a handful are effectively hairless. This list includes elephants, rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, walruses, some species of pigs, whales and other cetaceans, and naked mole rats. Most mammals have light skin that is covered by fur, and biologists believe that early human ancestors started out this way also. Dark skin probably evolved after humans lost their body fur, because the naked"
"Svalbard. There are several unique species in the national park, including , which is featured in the national park's logo and for which Svalbard is the only known location in Europe, ""Puccinellia svalbardensis"", ""Gentianella tenella"" and ""Kobresia simpliciuscula"". There is breeding ground for pink-footed goose within the park, although Svalbard ptarmigan can also be found. Animals that can be found in the park include polar bear, Svalbard reindeer and Arctic fox. Both fauna and flora are affected by the cold temperatures and the extreme light conditions. Activity is at a stand-still during the polar night, which lasts for many months."
"Platypus The platypus (""Ornithorhynchus anatinus""), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The animal is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (""Ornithorhynchus""), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record. The first scientists to examine a preserved platypus body (in 1799) judged it a fake, made of several animals sewn together. The"
"lack of canopy cover and very deep porous sands create a hot, dry, desert like habitat. Due primarily to a long period of isolation, plants and animals that live on the Ridge have developed ways to deal with their harsh environment. One of the scrubs best known residents is Florida's only endemic bird the Florida scrub-jay. When walking through scrub areas, small scrub lizards often race off in the distance — perhaps an adaptation for crossing the hot sand quickly. Many animals of the scrub spend much of their lives underground to escape the hot Florida sun as well as"
"are farmed for their meat and leather. Freshwater crocodiles, found only in northern Australia, are not considered dangerous to humans. The Australian coast is visited by six species of sea turtle: the flatback, green sea, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and the leatherback sea turtles; all are protected in Australian waters. There are 35 species of Australian freshwater turtles from eight genera of the family Chelidae. The pig-nosed turtle is the only Australian turtle not of that family. Australia is the only continent without any living species of land tortoise. Australia is the only continent where venomous snakes outnumber their non-venomous"
"function through life. Sun-tailed monkey The sun-tailed monkey (""Cercopithecus solatus"") from Gabon is one of the least studied primates (excluding humans) in its habitat. It was discovered as a new species in 1988, and is classified as a guenon, which is a member of the genus Cercopithecus. It is closely related to ""C. preussi"" and ""C. Ihoesti"", which has been determined by chromosomal analysis. Sun-Tailed monkeys prefer areas with lots of shade and dense vegetation. However, even after small amounts of logging activity, populations can be unaffected. Much of their diet remains unknown and it is still being studied, but"
"while the small Bounty Islands lack soils and their flora is largely restricted to algae and lichens on the rocks. The islands are home to a number of rare plants, including a unique genus, the Auckland Island ""Pleurophyllum"", and the only subantarctic orchids, ""Nematoceras dienemum"" and ""Nematoceras sulcatum"" of Macquarie Island. There are no native land mammals, nor amphibians or reptiles. Marine mammals include five breeding species of seal; the southern elephant seal, Australasian fur seal, subantarctic fur seal, Antarctic fur seal and the rare New Zealand sea lion, 95% of the world's population of which breed on the Auckland"
"There is little long-term data on habitat changes, so the extent of human impact is unclear, although threats such as invasive species and camp burning are recognised. Vegetation such as tussac grass, fachine, and native box have been heavily affected by introduced grazing animals. Tussac grass now exists in only 20% of its former range, mostly offshore islands, as a result of its extreme sensitivity. Many breeding birds similarly only live on offshore islands, where introduced animals such as cats and rats are not found. The only native terrestrial mammal, the warrah, was wiped out in the mid-19th century. Wildlife"
"fur absorbs more heat. The Silkie chicken commonly exhibits this trait. In April 2015, an extremely rare black flamingo was spotted on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Ayam Cemani is an uncommon and relatively modern breed of chicken from Indonesia. They have a dominant gene that causes hyperpigmentation (Fibromelanosis), making the chicken entirely black; including feathers, beak, and internal organs. Melanism, meaning a mutation that results in completely dark skin, does not exist in humans. Melanin is the primary determinant of the degree of skin pigmentation and protects the body from harmful ultraviolet radiation. The same ultraviolet radiation is essential"
"one orange (norhipposudoric acid). The two pigments are highly acidic compounds. They inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria, and their light absorption peaks in the ultraviolet range, creating a sunscreen effect. All hippos, even those with different diets, secrete the pigments, so it does not appear that food is the source of the pigments. Instead, the animals may synthesize the pigments from precursors such as the amino acid tyrosine. Nevertheless, this natural sunscreen cannot prevent the animal's skin from cracking if it stays out of water too long. A hippo's lifespan is typically 40–50 years. Donna the Hippo was the"
"Sun-tailed monkey The sun-tailed monkey (""Cercopithecus solatus"") from Gabon is one of the least studied primates (excluding humans) in its habitat. It was discovered as a new species in 1988, and is classified as a guenon, which is a member of the genus Cercopithecus. It is closely related to ""C. preussi"" and ""C. Ihoesti"", which has been determined by chromosomal analysis. Sun-Tailed monkeys prefer areas with lots of shade and dense vegetation. However, even after small amounts of logging activity, populations can be unaffected. Much of their diet remains unknown and it is still being studied, but they do prefer"
"In the past invasive species such as rhododendrons, also non-native, were introduced to the island, but the trusts have cleared many areas. The entire island is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The island is one of the few places in southern England where indigenous red squirrels survive, largely because non-native grey squirrels have never been introduced to the island. The Brownsea red squirrel population is the only population known in the UK to carry the human form of the bacteria stem ""Mycobacterium leprae"" that causes leprosy in humans. Brownsea also has a small ornamental population of peacocks. The"
"western parts of the Antarctic Peninsula. In contrast with the Arctic tundra, the Antarctic tundra lacks a large mammal fauna, mostly due to its physical isolation from the other continents. Sea mammals and sea birds, including seals and penguins, inhabit areas near the shore, and some small mammals, like rabbits and cats, have been introduced by humans to some of the subantarctic islands. The Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion includes the Bounty Islands, Auckland Islands, Antipodes Islands, the Campbell Island group, and Macquarie Island. Species endemic to this ecoregion include ""Nematoceras dienemum"" and ""Nematoceras sulcatum"", the only subantarctic orchids; the"
"may influence the ability to retain heat, depending on how much light is reflected. Mammals with a darker colored coat can absorb more heat from solar radiation, and stay warmer, and some smaller mammals, such as voles, have darker fur in the winter. The white, pigmentless fur of arctic mammals, such as the polar bear, may reflect more solar radiation directly onto the skin. The term ""pelage""first known use in English c. 1828 (French, from Middle French, from ""poil"" for ""hair"", from Old French ""peilss"", from Latin ""pilus"")is sometimes used to refer to an animal's complete coat. The term fur"
"only freshwater swimming beach in the park. Somes Sound is a long fjard formed during a glacial period that reshaped the entire island to its present form, including the U-shaped valleys containing the many ponds and lakes. The Bass Harbor Head Light is situated above a steep, rocky headland on the southwest coast—the only lighthouse on the island. The park protects the habitats of 37 mammalian species including black bears, moose and white-tailed deer, seven reptilian species including milk snakes and snapping turtles, eleven amphibian species including wood frogs and spotted salamanders, 33 fish species including rainbow smelt and brook"
"and more dense human settlement. Snakes and birds of prey are also threats. The solenodon has no known negative effects on human populations. In addition, it serves as both pest control, helping ecosystems by keeping down the population of invertebrates, and a means of spreading fruit seeds. Today, the solenodon is one of the last two surviving native insectivorous mammals found in the Caribbean, and one of the only two remaining endemic terrestrial mammal species of Hispaniola. While the survival of the solenodon is uncertain, talk of conservation has been underway through the ""Last Survivors Project"", which has been collaborating"
"seagrass for refuge and feeding. Among the exotic species the presence of the small Asian mongoose (""Herpestes javanicus""), introduced by the Spaniards to control pests, has become a threat to native and endemic fauna. Cats (""Felis domesticus"") and rats (""Rattus norvegicus"") have also been observed within NEC grounds. The leatherback sea turtle (""Dermochelys coriacea"") is the largest of all living sea turtles and the fourth largest modern reptile behind three crocodilians. It can easily be differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell. Instead, its carapace is covered by skin and oily flesh. ""Dermochelys coriacea"""
"common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light is incorrect, because goldfish cannot see infrared light. Similarly, dogs are often thought to be color blind but they have been shown to be sensitive to colors, though not as many as humans. Some snakes can ""see"" radiant heat at wavelengths between 5 and 30 μm to a degree of accuracy such that a blind rattlesnake can target vulnerable body parts of the prey at which it strikes, and other snakes with the organ may detect warm bodies from a meter away. It may also be"
"Naked mole-rat The naked mole-rat (""Heterocephalus glaber""), also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to parts of East Africa. It is closely related to the blesmols and is the only species in the genus Heterocephalus of the family Heterocephalidae. The naked mole-rat and the Damaraland mole-rat (""Fukomys damarensis"") are the only known eusocial mammals, the highest classification of sociality. It has a highly unusual set of physical traits that allow it to thrive in a harsh underground environment and is the only mammalian thermoconformer, almost entirely ectothermic (cold-blooded) in how it regulates body temperature. The naked-mole"
"and were preyed upon by tigers (""Panthera tigris""), clouded leopard (""Felis nebulosa""), leopards (""Panthera pardus"") and dhole (wild dogs) (""Cuon alpinus""). Both loss of habitat and hunting have seriously reduced numbers of all these animals many of which are endangered with the kouprey very rare and other species such as the Javan rhinoceros (""Rhinoceros sondaicus""), Sumatran rhinoceros (""Dicerorhinus sumatrensis"") and Schomburgk's deer (""Cervus duvaucelli schomburgki"") now extinct in the region. Other mammals of the region include the pileated gibbon, two leaf monkeys (the silvery lutung and Phayre's leaf monkey), and the sun bear while there are two endemic species, both"
"canary (""Serinus canaria"") and a subspecies of kestrel (""Falco tinnunculus canariensis""). Three endemic reptile species are found in the park: the Canary Island lizard (""Gallotia galloti galloti""), the Canary Island wall gecko (""Tarentola delalandii""), and the Canary Island skink (""Chalcides viridanus viridanus""). The only mammals native to the park are bats, the most common of which is Leisler’s bat (""Nyctalus leisleri""). Other mammals, such as the mouflon, the rabbit, the house mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, and the North African hedgehog, have all been introduced to the park. Teide casts the world's largest shadow projected on the sea."
"Mammalian xerocoles sweat much less than their non-desert counterparts. For example, the camel can survive ambient temperatures as high as without sweating, and the kangaroo rat lacks sweat glands entirely. Both birds and mammals in the desert have oils on the surface of their skin to ""waterproof"" it and inhibit evaporation. Desert insects use a similar method, as their cuticles are waxy to prevent water from escaping; however, at critical temperatures (ex. for cockroaches), the wax molecules in the cuticle rearrange to become permeable and permit evaporative cooling. Amphibious xerocoles, such as species of the frog genus ""Phyllomedusa"", have wax-like"
"the vernacular ""cold-blooded"", which is sometimes used to refer to ectotherms more generally. Poikilothermic animals include types of vertebrate animals, specifically some fish, amphibians, and reptiles, as well as a large number of invertebrate animals. The naked mole-rat is the only mammal that is currently thought to be poikilothermic. The term derives from Greek ""poikilos"" (), meaning ""varied,"" ultimately from ""thousand-making"" and ""thermos"" (), meaning ""heat"". Poikilotherm animals must be able to function over a wider range of temperatures than homeotherms. The speed of most chemical reactions vary with temperature, and in order to function poikilotherms may have four to"
"Sahara Desert ant The Sahara Desert ant (""Cataglyphis bicolor"") is a desert-dwelling ant of the genus ""Cataglyphis"". It inhabits the Sahara Desert and is one of the most heat tolerant animals known to date. However, there are at least four other species of ""Cataglyphis"" living in the Sahara desert, for example ""C. bombycina"", ', ' and ""C. fortis"". Sahara desert ants are scavengers. They forage for the corpses of insects and other arthropods which have succumbed to the heat stress of their desert environment. While no known land animal can live permanently at a temperature over 50°C, Sahara desert ants"