"so, ""accordingly, the individual producer receives back from society — after the deductions have been made — exactly what he gives to it"". He explains this as: In the paragraph immediately following Marx continues to explain how this system of exchange is related to the capitalist system of exchange: Marx says that this is rational and necessary, and that once society advances from the lower phase of communist society and work becomes life's prime want, distribution will occur along different lines. During the higher phase of communism, the standard shall be ""from each according to his ability, to each according"
"can be found in the Guilford Covenant in 1639: Some scholars trace the origin of the phrase to the New Testament. In Acts of the Apostles the lifestyle of the community of believers in Jerusalem is described as communal (without individual possession), and uses the phrase """"distribution was made unto every man according as he had need"""" (): However, other scholars disagree with this, and claim that the phrase 'from each according to their abilities, to each according to their needs' has a non-religious origin, in 'the Roman legal concept of obligation in solidum' The Roman legal concept of obligation"
"other.You cannot serve both God and money"". ""Each according to his abilities"" has biblical origins too. Act 11:29 states: ""29 Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judaea"". ""To each according to his needs"" is biblical too. Acts 4:35: ""[...] to the emissaries to distribute to each according to his need"". Thomas Wharton Collens' ""Preaching"" describes biblical sources supporting a common-property society. Christian communism is not merely based on the principles of the early apostles. In fact, Christian communists claim that anti-capitalist ideals are deeply rooted in the"
"Suum cuique """" ( ), or ""Unicuique suum"", is a Latin phrase often translated as ""to each his own"" or ""may all get their due"". It has been significant in the history of philosophy and as a motto. The Latin phrase relates to an old Greek principle of justice which translates literally into English as ""to each his own"". Plato, in ""Republic"", offers the provisional definition that ""justice is when everyone minds his own business, and refrains from meddling in others' affairs"" (Greek: ""...τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν καὶ μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν δικαιοσύνη ἐστί..."", 4.433a). Everyone should do according to his abilities"
"speech captivated members with lulls and crescendos, as Jones challenged individual members in front of the group. The speech also marked the beginning of the Temple's underlying ""us versus them"" message. Jones carefully wove in that the Temple's home for senior citizens was established on the basis ""From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"", quoting Karl Marx's ""Critique of the Gotha Program"". He did so knowing that his Christian audience would recognize the similarities with text from the Acts of the Apostles (4:34–35) which stated ""distribution was made to each as any had need."" Jones"
"symbolism expressed in it."" Rockwell believed that ""Freedom of Worship"" and ""Freedom of Speech"" were his better results in the series. Laura Claridge has written that the inspirational phrase ""Each according to the dictates of his own conscience"" is a ""platitude that suggests the plurality of Rockwell's own thoughts on religion: its likely source was a phrase included in the ""Thirteen Articles of Faith"" by Joseph Smith."" In fact, Rockwell repeatedly asked colleagues about possible sources of the quote and was not told about Smith's writing until after the series was published. The expression ""according to the dictates of his"
"Louis Blanc wanted to retain the minority a certain freedom from the tyranny of the majority. He did not want to bring their socialism to the extreme, and in his works, there are direct statements against communism. The preaching of absolute equality, he openly called nonsense. According to him, the distribution of wealth in society must be done even for the formula which proclaimed Saint-Simonianism (""To each according to his ability, to each capacity according to its works""). ""To each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"" - this is the principle of Louis Blanc expressed them,"
"particularly in Germany and Russia. His ""Critique of the Gotha Programme"" opposed the tendency of his followers Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel to compromise with the state socialism of Ferdinand Lassalle in the interests of a united socialist party. This work is also notable for another famous Marx quote: ""From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"". In a letter to Vera Zasulich dated 8 March 1881, Marx contemplated the possibility of Russia's bypassing the capitalist stage of development and building communism on the basis of the common ownership of land characteristic of the village ""mir""."
"the added benefits they bring to society. It is thus theorized that the communist‘s motto of from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs cannot work in the real world. Prout proposes instead a minimum and maximum wage, roughly attributed according to the value the work of each person brings to society. We see examples of attempts in this direction in companies like Mondragon or Whole Foods. Regarding neo-liberalism, Sarkar throws a new light to the concept of Adam Smith's invisible hand, where individual producers acting self-interest benefit the community as a whole. Prout claims that,"
"products for an equal amount of labor"". Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky both mentioned the term in their works. To each according to his contribution ""To each according to his contribution"" is a principle of distribution considered to be one of the defining features of socialism. It refers to an arrangement whereby individual compensation is reflective of one's contribution to the social product (total output of the economy) in terms of effort, labor and productivity. This is held in contrast to the method of distribution and compensation in capitalism, where those who own private property receive unearned income in the"
"word by word, now sense from sense, as clearly and intelligently as he was able, in the various and manifold worldly cares that oft troubled him both in mind and in body. These cares are very hard for us to reckon, that in his days came upon the kingdoms to which he had succeeded, and yet when he had studied this book and turned it from Latin into English prose, he wrought it up once more into verse, as it is now done. But the attribution is no longer considered reliable, and it is now usual simply to speak of"
"must conform to the level of the productive forces"". Similarly to Stalin, Xue considered the productive forces to be primary and that this was a fundamental universal law of economics. Unlike Stalin, Xue believed there were principles that guided the socialist transition, the key one being the principle of ""from each according to his ability, to each according to his work""; this principle would guide socialist development, even when China had reached advanced socialism, and would be replaced with ""from each according to his ability, to each according to his need"" only when there existed general abundance. Xue based his"
"a text in the handwriting of Erasmus taken from a letter to Jean Carondelet written on 5 January 1523. The text reads ""variae sunt ingeniorum dotes multae seculorum varietates sunt. quod quisque potest in medium proferat nec alteri quisquam invideat qui pro sua virili suoque modo conatur publicis studiis utilitatis aliquid adiungere."", which translates as ""Diverse are the gifts of men of genius and many are the different kinds of ages. Let each one reveal the scope of his competence and let no one be envious of another who in keeping with his own ability and style tries to make"
"name as ""Lord"", writing that ""Every nation had their lords, but only Israel had ""Jehovah"" as their God. All other countries were ""the nations."""" Regarding his translation philosophy and the New Testament, the author stated: As for the Greek, it is noted as a language that has a word for every occasion. This vivid variety of expression is evident in the Holy Scriptures. Yet the Greek commonly in use, rather than the classical Greek, was written by Peter the unlearned fisherman, Luke the learned Physician, and by Paul the trained theologian. In conveying to the Bible student the commands and"
"working on a sketch for choir based on the following verses of Goethe (from """" (VII), 1827, see translations in and ). Niemand wird sich selber kennen, Sich von seinem Selbst-Ich trennen; Doch probier' er jeden Tag, Was nach außen endlich, klar, Was er ist und was er war, Was er kann und was er mag. Wie's aber in der Welt zugeht, Eigentlich niemand recht versteht, Und auch bis auf den heutigen Tag Niemand gerne verstehen mag. Gehabe du dich mit Verstand, Wie dir eben der Tag zur Hand; Denk immer: ist’s gegangen bis jetzt, So wird es wohl auch"
"of property is necessary. Thomas Aquinas concludes that, given certain detailed provisions, The principal writings of Thomas Hobbes appeared between 1640 and 1651—during and immediately following the war between forces loyal to King Charles I and those loyal to Parliament. In his own words, Hobbes' reflection began with the idea of ""giving to every man his own,"" a phrase he drew from the writings of Cicero. But he wondered: How can anybody call anything his own? He concluded: My own can only truly be mine if there is one unambiguously strongest power in the realm, and that power treats it"
"To each according to his contribution ""To each according to his contribution"" is a principle of distribution considered to be one of the defining features of socialism. It refers to an arrangement whereby individual compensation is reflective of one's contribution to the social product (total output of the economy) in terms of effort, labor and productivity. This is held in contrast to the method of distribution and compensation in capitalism, where those who own private property receive unearned income in the form of interest, rent, or profit by virtue of ownership irrespective of their contribution to the social product. This"
"each according to his need"" in relation to animals; Cochrane is wary about the use of the phrase for three reasons. First, it is unclear how central the idea is to Marxist thought; second, it is a principle only for societies in advanced stages of communism; and third, even if we assume we can know the needs of animals, the principle would entail the extension of justice beyond sentient animals, which is an idea that Cochrane rejects. Finally, Cochrane considers Benton's proposal that liberal rights-based approaches to animal justice cannot achieve their goal, and that Marxism can be used as"
"strong are those who are well-grounded in Scripture and also in practice. The weak are not so well-grounded"". The New King James Version organises this chapter as follows: In verse 3, Paul quotes from the Septuagint translation of Psalm 69: He then continues, in order to establish that Christian liberty should be lived out in the service of others and with forbearance towards the weak: Theologian William Robertson Nicoll states that ""everything that was written before"" refers to ""the whole Old Testament"". Lutheran theologian Johann Arndt paraphrases this verse as: Anglican Bishop Handley Moule, writing in the Cambridge Bible for"
"Xue considered the productive forces to be primary and that the relations of production had to conform to the level of the productive forces. Xue believed that this was a fundamental universal law of economics. Unlike Stalin, Xue believed there were principles that guided the socialist transition, the key one being the principle of ""from each according to his ability, to each according to his work""; this principle would guide socialist development, even when China had reached advanced socialism, and would be replaced with ""from each according to his ability, to each according to his need"" only when there existed"
"later instrumental in confirming Niebuhr's authorship. Numerous statements of more or less similar sentiments by other authors have been identified and it is likely that more will be found. The prayer has also been falsely attributed to a variety of other authors. Epictetus wrote: ""Make the best use of what is in your power, and take the rest as it happens. Some things are up to us [eph' hêmin] and some things are not up to us. Our opinions are up to us, and our impulses, desires, aversions—in short, whatever is our own doing. Our bodies are not up to"
"men; not to every individual person; it has neither shined upon, nor in everyone: it did not in the apostle's time, when it appeared the most illustrious, and shone out the most extensively, as well as the most clearly; nor has it in ages since, nor does it in ours; there are multitudes who know nothing of it, and are neither under its form nor power: but this is to be understood of all sorts of men, of every nation, of every age and sex, of every state and condition, high and low, rich and poor, bond and free, masters"
"as a being who inevitably does that by which he may obtain the greatest amount of necessaries, conveniences, and luxuries, with the smallest quantity of labour and physical self-denial with which they can be obtained."" Adam Smith, in ""The Theory of Moral Sentiments"", had claimed that individuals have sympathy for the well-being of others. On the other hand, in ""The Wealth of Nations"", Smith wrote: ""It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest."" This comment now suggests the same sort of"
"to bear modern social science methods, such as rational choice theory, to supplement Cohen's use of analytic philosophical techniques in the interpretation of Marxian theory. Cohen himself would later engage directly with Rawlsian political philosophy to advance a socialist theory of justice that contrasts with both traditional Marxism and the theories advanced by Rawls and Nozick. In particular, he indicates Marx's principle of from each according to his ability, to each according to his need. Communitarians such as Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, and Michael Sandel advance a critique of Liberalism that uses analytic techniques to isolate the main"
"ability, to each according to his need"" for the Big Society: """"From each according to their vulnerability, to each according to their greed"""". Lorie Charlesworth, an academic from the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, compared the system to the Old Poor Law, and suggested that ""any voluntary system for the relief of poverty is purely mythical"". Anna Coote, head of Social Policy at the independent think-tank NEF, wrote in July 2010 that ""If the state is pruned so drastically ... the effect will be a more troubled and diminished society, not a bigger one"". In November 2010 a report by"
"had several editors including Pieter W. van der Horst. Do not revel in boastfulness and rage in your heart.<br> Practice speaking well, which will greatly benefit everyone.<br> Surely the word is for a man a weapon sharper than iron.<br> To each God has allotted a weapon: power to roam the air<br> to birds, to horses swiftness, strength to lions;<br> for bulls there are self-growing horns; stingers to bees<br> he's given as an inborn defense, but the word to people for protection. Its authorship was deciphered by Jacob Bernays and its contents are widely discussed and studied in theology schools even"
"called his book an ""encyclopedia of prayer for all nations"". It was his hope that it would serve as a devotional guide to people throughout the world. A teacher of the well developed school of Christian monasticism at Narek Monastery, at the request of his fellow monks he set out to answer an imponderable question: what can each person offer to God, who already possesses all and knows all better than sinful humans can ever express? To this question, posed by the prophets, psalmists, apostles, and saints, Saint Gregory provides an answer – the sighs of a contrite and humble"
"and capabilities, to serve the country and the society as a whole. Also, everyone should receive ""his own"" (e.g., rights) and not be deprived of ""his own"" (e.g., property) (433e). The Roman author, orator and politician Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) popularised the Latin phrase: The phrase appears near the beginning of Justinian's ""Institutiones"": ""iuris praecepta sunt haec: honeste vivere, alterum non laedere"", suum cuique tribuere. (Inst. 1,1,3-4). (Translated into English: ""the precepts of law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, [and] to give to each his own"".) ""Suum cuique"" serves as the motto"
"Marxism is a needs-based theory, expressed succinctly in Marx's slogan ""from each according to his ability, to each according to his need"". According to ""contribution""-based theories, goods should be distributed to match an individual's contribution to the overall social good. In ""Anarchy, State, and Utopia"", Robert Nozick argues that distributive justice is not a matter of the whole distribution matching an ideal ""pattern"", but of each individual entitlement having the right kind of ""history"". It is just that a person has some good (especially, some property right) if and only if they came to have it by a history made"
"each according to his ability, to each according to his deeds"". In contraposition the anarcho-communists (such as Peter Kropotkin, Carlo Cafiero and Errico Malatesta) argue that free association should operate as the maxim ""to each according to his needs"". Anarchist communists argue that remuneration according to work performed require that the individuals involved were subjected to a body above them to compare the various works in order to pay them, and that this body would necessarily be a state or ruling class, could even bring back wage slavery, that is the very thing against which anarchists are fighting. They also"
"principle, later adopted by Marx, of how labor and income should be distributed: “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs”. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon participated in the February 1848 uprising and the composition of what he termed ""the first republican proclamation"" of the new republic, but he had misgivings about the new government because it was pursuing political reform at the expense of the socio-economic reform, which Proudhon considered basic. Proudhon published his own perspective for reform, ""Solution du problème social"", in which he laid out a program of mutual financial cooperation among workers. He believed this"
"""To each according to his contribution"" and ""From each according to their ability, to each according to their needs"". Although Marx's position is often confused or conflated with distributive egalitarianism in which only the goods and services resulting from production are distributed according to a notional equality, in reality Marx eschewed the entire concept of equality as abstract and bourgeois in nature, preferring to focus on more concrete principles such as opposition to exploitation on materialist grounds and economic logic. Egalitarianism Egalitarianism () – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people. Egalitarian doctrines"
"belongs to no social class, because he belongs equally to all. He is one, in fine, who knows all, has a right to speak unreservedly, and whose speech, inspired from on high, falls on the minds and hearts of all with the authority of one who is divinely sent, and with the constraining power of one who has an unclouded faith. In his book ""Histoire de la Turquie"" (1854), Alphonse de Lamartine writes: If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and astounding results are the three criteria of human genius, who could dare to compare any great man in modern"