"Grapefruit The grapefruit (""Citrus"" × ""paradisi"") is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (""C. sinensis"") and pomelo, or shaddock (""C. maxima""), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the ""forbidden fruit""; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to"
"that of cedar. Collectively, ""Citrus"" fruits and plants are also known by the Romance loanword agrumes (literally ""sour fruits""). The large citrus fruit of today evolved originally from small, edible berries over millions of years. Citrus plants diverged from a common ancestor about 15 million years ago, which was about when it diverged from the closely related severinia, for example the Chinese box orange. About 7 million years ago, citrus plants diverged into two groups, the main citrus genus and the ancestors of the Trifoliate orange (poncirus), which is closely enough related that it can still be hybridized with all"
"Sideroxylon grandiflorum Sideroxylon grandiflorum, known as tambalacoque or dodo tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae, endemic to Mauritius. It is valued for its timber. The ""Sideroxylon grandiflorum"" fruit is analogous to the peach. They are both termed drupes because both have a hard endocarp, or pit, surrounding the seed, with the endocarp naturally splitting along a fracture line during germination. In 1973, it was thought that this species was dying out. There were supposedly only 13 specimens left, all estimated to be about 300 years old. The true age could not be determined because tambalacoque has no"
"achieved great commercial success, but its unique flavor, early and long season, and prolific nature have led to its increasing popularity in backyard orchards in southern California. Besides being good for eating fresh, 'Cocktail' may be used to make marmalade or jam, candied peel, syrup, or in cocktails and smoothies. Mandelo A mandelo (or ""Mandalo"", also known as a ""cocktail grapefruit"") is a citrus fruit that is smaller than a grapefruit, has yellow or yellow-green coloured skin and bright yellow or yellow-orange flesh, but is sweeter than a grapefruit. The mandelo was developed in the 1950s at the UC Citrus"
"it. Redstreak The Redstreak, also spelt Redstrake, Red Streak or Red-streak, is or was a very old variety of cider apple formerly commonly planted in England. It is sometimes referred to as the Herefordshire Redstreak or Old Redstreak to distinguish it from later-developed varieties, such as the Somerset Redstreak, with a similar name. The variety is traditionally said to have first appeared in the early 17th century; John Evelyn recorded that it was originally named the ""Scudamore Crab"", having first been intensively planted by the diplomat and politician John Scudamore, 1st Viscount Scudamore. Scudamore's efforts in improving and raising fruit"
"and is occasionally used as a substitute for those fruits. Like other citrus fruit with ""C. ichangensis"" ancestry, the ""shangjuan"" is relatively cold-tolerant. The fruit looks a bit like a grapefruit, and can be either pale yellow or green depending on the degree of ripeness. ""Shangjuan"" fruits, which are very aromatic, can be as large as a grapefruit (up to 10 cm or larger). Shangjuan The shangjuan, or Ichang lemon (""Citrus ichangensis × C. maxima""), is a cold-hardy citrus fruit and plant originating in East Asia. According to some it is the best bet for cold-hardy citrus with edible fruit."
"Garcinia madruno Garcinia madruno, the charichuelo, is a fruit-producing tree species from the rainforests of Central and South America. The leaves are dark green and leathery. The fruit looks like a shriveled droopy lemon, and has a similar rind. The interior is soft white pulp and has a popular, slightly citrusy taste people have compared to a sweet santol fruit or lemony cotton candy. The species was formerly included in the genus ""Rheedia"", which has since been absorbed into ""Garcinia"", as ""Rheedias"" species are now known as ""new world mangosteens"". ""Garcinia madruno"" is well adapted to a wide variety of"
"old Woodcock. Woodcock (apple) The Woodcock was one of the oldest described English varieties of cider apple. It originated in the West of England in the counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. Hogg described the apple as medium-sized, oval, with a distinctive fleshy, curved stalk of about three-quarters of an inch in length: the skin was yellow with a soft red flush, deeper on the sunward side. The tree itself was large and vigorous, forming large branches in the manner of a pear tree. The varieties' name was popularly supposed to refer to the stalk's resemblance to the head of a"
"Iyokan The iyokan (伊予柑 - ""Citrus × iyo""), also known as ""anadomikan"" (穴門みかん) and ""Gokaku no Iyokan"", is a Japanese citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a mandarin orange, arising from a cross between the Dancy tangerine and another mandarin variety, the kaikoukan. It is the second most widely produced citrus fruit in Japan after the satsuma mandarin. Iyokan was discovered in Yamaguchi Prefecture during the Meiji era. Nowadays it mostly grows in Ehime Prefecture. Iyokan are named after Ehime Prefecture which was once called ""Iyo-no-kuni"" (Iyo country). The peel is thicker than a mikan, but it can be peeled"
"the seeds than dodo hence discrediting Temple's view as to the dodo and the tree's sole survival relationship. This dodo tree is highly valued for its wood in Mauritius, which has led some foresters to scrape the pits by hand to make them sprout and grow. Sideroxylon grandiflorum Sideroxylon grandiflorum, known as tambalacoque or dodo tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae, endemic to Mauritius. It is valued for its timber. The ""Sideroxylon grandiflorum"" fruit is analogous to the peach. They are both termed drupes because both have a hard endocarp, or pit, surrounding the seed, with the"
"soils, tolerating even poor soils or heavy clay. It is a slow grower and takes about 5 to 7 years to fruit. When young, it must be protected from frosts and it will not fruit in cold areas. The fruit is not very well known outside of South America and a few backyard growers in South Florida. Garcinia madruno Garcinia madruno, the charichuelo, is a fruit-producing tree species from the rainforests of Central and South America. The leaves are dark green and leathery. The fruit looks like a shriveled droopy lemon, and has a similar rind. The interior is soft"
"The fruit has been used as a laxative. The following list excludes names regarded as synonyms, but includes species whose status still is unresolved. Carpobrotus Carpobrotus, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, and Hottentot fig, is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name refers to the edible fruits. It comes from the Ancient Greek ' ""fruit"" and ' ""edible"". The genus includes some 12 to 20 accepted species. Most are endemic to South Africa, but there are at least four Australian species and one South American. ""Carpobrotus"" chiefly inhabits sandy coastal"
"Woodcock (apple) The Woodcock was one of the oldest described English varieties of cider apple. It originated in the West of England in the counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. Hogg described the apple as medium-sized, oval, with a distinctive fleshy, curved stalk of about three-quarters of an inch in length: the skin was yellow with a soft red flush, deeper on the sunward side. The tree itself was large and vigorous, forming large branches in the manner of a pear tree. The varieties' name was popularly supposed to refer to the stalk's resemblance to the head of a woodcock; but"
"Tangelo The tangelo ( , ; ""C. reticulata × C. maxima"" or ""x C. paradisi""), ""Citrus × tangelo"", is a citrus fruit hybrid of a tangerine and a grapefruit. Sometimes referred to as honeybells, they are the size of an adult fist, have a tart, tangy, tangerine taste, and are juicy at the expense of flesh. They generally have loose skin and are easier to peel than oranges, readily distinguished from them by a characteristic ""nipple"" at the stem. Tangelos can be used as a substitute for mandarin oranges or sweet oranges. The early maturing Orlando tangelo is noted for"
"very strongly scented. The fruit is a ""hesperidium"", a specialised berry, globose to elongated, long and diameter, with a leathery rind or ""peel"" called a pericarp. The outermost layer of the pericarp is an ""exocarp"" called the flavedo, commonly referred to as the zest. The middle layer of the pericarp is the mesocarp, which in citrus fruits consists of the white, spongy ""albedo"", or ""pith"". The innermost layer of the pericarp is the endocarp. The space inside each segment is a locule filled with juice vesicles, or ""pulp"". From the endocarp, string-like ""hairs"" extend into the locules, which provide nourishment"
"Hassaku orange Hassaku orange (, also called ""jagada"", ) is Japanese citrus hybrid similar to an orange in color but with the size of a grapefruit. The original plant was discovered near the Jōdo Temple in Inno-shima, Hiroshima prefecture, Japan. The Japanese eat the 'Hassaku' as an orange, but it can be eaten with a grapefruit spoon to avoid the bitterness of the residual albedo. It is much more tart than an orange, but it does not lack sweetness entirely. When bitten into, juice bursts into the mouth from a slice of this fruit, considered very pleasant. In 2010, 68%"
"Ponkan Ponkan ( (also known in Chinese as 芦柑); ""Citrus poonensis""; ""Chinese Honey Orange"") is a high-yield sweet ""Citrus"" cultivar with large fruits in the size of an orange. It is a citrus hybrid (mandarin × pomelo), though it was once thought to be a pure mandarin. The fruit is very sweet, round in shape and about 7–8 cm wide in size. Trees are heavy bearing every other year, and sometimes the limbs break due to the heavy yields. Growers resort to propping the limbs up with sticks at times, though if the limb bends gradually down and grows in"
"as plum, cherry, apricot, peach, and almond. The fruit of these plants are known as stone fruit (drupes), as each fruit contains a hard shell (the endocarp) called a ""stone"" or ""pit"", which contains the single seed. The expanded definition of the Amygdaloideae adds to these commercially important crops such as apples and pears that have pome fruit, and also important ornamental plants such as ""Spiraea"" and ""Aruncus"" that have hard dry fruits. The name Prunoideae is sometimes used, but is incorrect. The 1835 publication of that name by Gilbert Thomas Burnett (Burnett) is invalid because it lacks a description"
"Citrus macroptera Citrus macroptera, with English common names Melanesian papeda, wild orange, cabuyao, shatkora, hatkhora, hatxora or satkara, is a semi-wild species of citrus native to Malesia and Melanesia. Some authorities consider ""C. macroptera"" to be a taxonomic synonym of ""C. hystrix"" (kaffir lime), while others consider ""C. macroptera"" var. ""annamensis"" to be a synonym of ""C. hystrix"", but not ""C. macroptera"" var. ""macroptera"". ""Citrus macroptera"" is so-named because of the large ""wings"" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf. The tree, which has thorns, can reach 5 m in height. Its fruit"
"or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The fruit is in most cases a berry or a drupe. The genera ""Diervilla"" and ""Weigela"" have capsular fruit, while ""Heptacodium"" has an achene. Views of the family-level classification of the traditionally accepted Caprifoliaceae and other plants in the botanical order Dipsacales have been considerably revised in recent decades. Most botanists now accept the placement of two of the most familiar members of this group, the elderberries (""Sambucus"") and the viburnums (""Viburnum""), in the family Adoxaceae instead;"
"Citron The citron (""Citrus medica"") is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used widely in Asian cuisine, and also in traditional medicines, perfume, and for religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially prominent, notably lemons and many limes. The fruit's English name ""citron"" derives ultimately from Latin, ""citrus"", which is also"
"other types and hybrids. As the interfertility of oranges and other citrus has produced numerous hybrids and cultivars, and bud mutations have also been selected, citrus taxonomy is fairly controversial, confusing or inconsistent. The fruit of any citrus tree is considered a hesperidium, a kind of modified berry; it is covered by a rind originated by a rugged thickening of the ovary wall. Different names have been given to the many varieties of the genus. ""Orange"" applies primarily to the sweet orange – ""Citrus sinensis"" (L.) Osbeck. The orange tree is an evergreen, flowering tree, with an average height of"
"it is known as ""bardana"" or ""garduna"". Plants are cultivated for their slender roots, which can grow about 1 meter long and 2 cm across. The root was traditionally used in Britain as a flavouring in the herbal drink dandelion and burdock, which is still commercially produced. Immature flower stalks may also be harvested in late spring, before flowers appear. The taste resembles that of artichoke, to which the burdock is related. In the second half of the 20th century, burdock achieved international recognition for its culinary use due to the increasing popularity of the macrobiotic diet, which advocates its"
"Slack-ma-Girdle Slack-ma-Girdle is an old variety of cider apple formerly widely grown in the South-West of England. It is one of a group of similar and closely related varieties all often known by the name ""Woodbine"". Slack-ma-Girdle is most often found in orchards in Devon, where it probably originated, though it was also planted in southern Somerset, Dorset and elsewhere. The apple's unusual name, like that of several other cider apples, has been suggested as referring to the drink's effect on the digestive system. The tree itself is large when fully grown and vigorous, with a spreading habit. The fruit"
"shipped. The contrast between this new fruit and that of seedling trees was so striking that most new grove plantings were rapidly converted to Washington navel oranges. Tibbets sold budwood from her trees to local nurserymen, which led to extensive plantings of nursery trees cloned from hers. Tibbets’ success with the navel orange led to a rapid increase in citrus planting. and the citrus planted was predominantly the Washington navel orange. The commercial success of these early orchards soon led to a widespread interest in this variety, so that by 1900 it was the most extensively grown citrus fruit in"
"orange, according to Swingle, belongs to a citrus related genera, called Poncirus, while grapefruit equivocally belongs to the genus citrus, hence the botanical name ""X citroncirus"" is a hybrid genus, derived from citrus and poncirus. Citrumelo Citrumelo or Citromelo (""X Citroncirus"" spp.) is also called ""Swingle citrumelo trifoliate hybrid"", because it is a cold hardy citrus hybrid between a 'Duncan' grapefruit and a trifoliate orange (""Poncirus trifoliata"" (L.) Raf.), developed by Walter Tennyson Swingle. Citrumelo is widely employed as a citrus rootstock, being resistant to the severe citrus tristeza virus and to the Phytophthora foot rot as well as to"
"such as citronellal (0.6%) and 2-methylundecanal. Other oxygenated compounds include nerol (0.22%) and trans-linalool oxide (0.15%). Hybrid forms of the kumquat include the following: Kumquat Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English, ; ""Citrus japonica"") are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus ""Fortunella"", or placed within ""Citrus sensu lato"". The edible fruit closely resembles the orange (""Citrus sinensis"") in color and shape but is much smaller, being approximately the size of a large olive. Kumquat is a fairly cold-hardy citrus. The English name ""kumquat"" derives"
"Carpobrotus Carpobrotus, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, and Hottentot fig, is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers. The name refers to the edible fruits. It comes from the Ancient Greek ' ""fruit"" and ' ""edible"". The genus includes some 12 to 20 accepted species. Most are endemic to South Africa, but there are at least four Australian species and one South American. ""Carpobrotus"" chiefly inhabits sandy coastal habitats in mild Mediterranean climates, and can be also found inland in sandy to marshy places. In general, they prefer open sandy spaces where"
"Ponderosa lemon The ponderosa lemon (""Citrus "" x ""pyriformis"") is a citrus hybrid of a pomelo and a citron. It is not the same as the 'Yuma Ponderosa' lemon pomello hybrid, that is used as citrus rootstock. Ponderosa lemon trees are slow growing but reach a height of 12 to 24 feet at maturity. The leaves are long, evergreen, glossy, and citron-like, being ovate elliptic in shape and lemon scented. They have medium thick branches, that have many spines. New growth is purple tinged, as are the flowers. Ponderosa lemon also has larger than average citrus flowers, and bears fruit"
"Citrus × deliciosa Citrus"" × ""deliciosa (thorny (Australia), amarillo, beladi, ""Willowleaf Mandarin"", ""Mediterranean Mandarin"") is a citrus hybrid mandarin orange with just under 6 % pumelo ancestry. It is related to the ponkan. It has been widely grown around the Mediterranean since it appeared in Italy (between 1810 and 1818), but was not found in the orient until it was exported there. It is one of the most commercially important citrus. Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. Flower (particularly petals) are also"
"is not very juicy. Like a citron, it can grow to a formidable size. There is variety of Lumia called Pomme D'Adammo or Adam's apple, and is also included under the name ""Citrus lumia"", according to Risso & Poit, the variety name is ""pomum adami"". The most known origin for the Lumia is from the Mediterranean basin. The Lumia is also classified as ""Citrus limon var. lumia"" by Swingle which places it under the taxonomy of lemon, and ""Citrus medica L. var. lumia"", that suggests it is similar to citron. Lumias represent several distinct citrus hybrids. Usually lumias are referred"
"closely resembling them, except that the scent is much less pronounced than with true citrus. As with true citrus, the leaves give off a spicy smell when crushed. The fruits are green, ripening to yellow, and in diameter, resembling a small orange, but with a finely downy surface. The cultivar ""Flying Dragon"" is dwarfed in size and has highly twisted, contorted stems. It makes an excellent barrier hedge due to its density and strong curved thorns. Such hedges have been grown for over 50 years at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, and are highly student-proof. The plant is also highly"
"Sudachi Sudachi (""Citrus sudachi""; Japanese: スダチ or 酢橘) is a small, round, green citrus fruit of Japanese origin that is a specialty of Tokushima Prefecture in Japan. It is a sour citrus, not eaten as fruit, but used as food flavoring in place of lemon or lime. Genetic analysis shows it to be the product of a cross between a yuzu and another citrus akin to the koji and tachibana orange. Cultivated for centuries in parts of Japan, and perhaps nearly as well known as another sour citrus, the yuzu in that country, it has been considered an ""indispensable companion"""