"birds, while John James Audubon's enormous and impressive images of birds in his 1827–1838 ""Birds of America"" are among the most admired by art critics and by collectors: early editions fetch among the highest prices paid for any printed books. The ornithologist John Gould's bird illustrations, in books such as ""A Century of Birds hitherto unfigured from the Himalaya Mountains"" (1830–1833) with 80 plates, and his 7-volume ""The Birds of Australia"" (1840–1848) with 600 plates, related directly to his research, were both beautiful and scientifically useful. Birds are popular characters in children's books, which are often handsomely illustrated. Beatrix Potter's"
"John James Audubon John James Audubon (born Jean Rabin; April 26, 1785 – January 27, 1851) was an American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his extensive studies documenting all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color-plate book entitled ""The Birds of America"" (1827–1839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works ever completed. Audubon identified 25 new species. Audubon was born in Les Cayes in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) on his father's sugarcane plantation. He was the son of"
"Andrew J. Grayson Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869) was an American ornithologist and artist. Grayson was the author of ""Birds of the Pacific Slope"" (1853–69), which he considered to be a completion of John James Audubon's ""Birds of America"". Grayson was born August 20, 1819, in the northwest corner of Louisiana, on the Ouachita River, where his father had a cotton plantation. At his local school, the teachers were poorly trained, so later on, his father sent him to St. Mary's College in St. Louis, Missouri. There, they discouraged him from studying art. After his father died, Mr. Grayson used his"
"in 2013. Joseph Mason (artist) Joseph Mason (1808 – October 8, 1842) was an American artist who worked as an assistant to John James Audubon, painting uncredited plant-life backgrounds for some 50 of his bird studies for the book ""The Birds of America"". Joseph Mason, who is listed in some sources as Joseph R. Mason, was born in Delaware, Ohio, the son of Joseph Wilson Mason (a bookseller), and later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. When Audubon came to Cincinnati for a short time in 1820, Mason became his pupil, showing exceptional talent, especially as a draftsperson. Audubon later wrote in"
"small, inset panels in windows and doorways. Artists are paid modest stipends for creating the works. Audubon Mural Project The Audubon Mural Project is a public art project with the goal of painting the birds depicted by John James Audubon in his early 19th century folio ""The Birds of America"" on blank walls and roll-down corrugated metal shop shutters of the Hamilton Heights and Washington Heights neighborhoods of upper Manhattan where Audubon once lived. The project is the brainchild of Washington Heights art gallery owner Avi Gitler. Mark Jannot, vice president for content of the National Audubon Society and a"
"Joseph Mason (artist) Joseph Mason (1808 – October 8, 1842) was an American artist who worked as an assistant to John James Audubon, painting uncredited plant-life backgrounds for some 50 of his bird studies for the book ""The Birds of America"". Joseph Mason, who is listed in some sources as Joseph R. Mason, was born in Delaware, Ohio, the son of Joseph Wilson Mason (a bookseller), and later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. When Audubon came to Cincinnati for a short time in 1820, Mason became his pupil, showing exceptional talent, especially as a draftsperson. Audubon later wrote in a letter"
"Audubon Mural Project The Audubon Mural Project is a public art project with the goal of painting the birds depicted by John James Audubon in his early 19th century folio ""The Birds of America"" on blank walls and roll-down corrugated metal shop shutters of the Hamilton Heights and Washington Heights neighborhoods of upper Manhattan where Audubon once lived. The project is the brainchild of Washington Heights art gallery owner Avi Gitler. Mark Jannot, vice president for content of the National Audubon Society and a Hamilton Heights resident, collaborates with Gitler. The two men were introduced by Tom Sanford, one of"
"Snowy Owl (Audubon) Snowy Owl is an engraving by naturalist and painter John James Audubon. It was printed full size and is an early illustration of a snowy owl and part of ""The Birds of America"". It was first published as part of a series in sections around 1831. This specific engraving of the snowy owl, like others in ""The Birds of America"", consists of a hand-coloured engraving, made from copper engraved plates, measuring around . The same book includes images of six now-extinct birds. Art historians describe the quality of Audubon's work as being high and printed with ""artistic"
"Maria Martin Maria Martin Bachman (3 July 1796 – 27 December 1863) of Charleston, South Carolina, USA, was a watercolor painter and scientific illustrator. She contributed many of the background paintings for John James Audubon's ""The Birds of America"" (1831–39) and ""Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America"" (1845–48). Maria Martin was born in 1796 to Rebecca Solars and Jacob Martin. Martin's brother-in-law, Reverend John Bachman, was a Lutheran pastor and naturalist. Martin went with him on field excursions, including one trip to Niagara Falls, and learned how to make scientific descriptions and drawings of plants and animals. In the 1830s Audubon"
"Hobart Nichols Henry Hobart Nichols, Jr. (1869–1962) was an American landscape painter and illustrator. Nichols was born to Henry Hobart and Indiana Jay Nichols on May 1, 1869 in Washington, D.C. He attended Shortledge College in Pennsylvania, studied under Howard Hemlock and Edmund Clarence Messer at the Art Students League of Washington and later, completed in 1905, studies with Caludio Castelucho at the Académie Julian in Paris. He died August 13, 1962 in Bronxville, New York. Nichols' father, Hobart Nichols Sr., was a noted wood engraver who engraved the sketches in ""The History of North American Birds"" by Baird, Brewer"
"Louis Agassiz Fuertes Louis Agassiz Fuertes (February 7, 1874 Ithaca, New York – August 22, 1927 Unadilla, New York) was an American ornithologist, illustrator and artist who set the rigorous and current-day standards for ornithological art and naturalist depiction and is considered as one of the most prolific American bird artists, second only to his guiding professional predecessor John James Audubon. Fuertes was born in Ithaca, New York, and was the son of Puerto Rican astronomer and civil engineer Estevan Fuertes and Mary Stone Perry Fuertes. His father was the founding professor of the School of Civil Engineering at Cornell"
"National Audubon Society The National Audubon Society (Audubon) is a non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation. Located in the United States and incorporated in 1905, Audubon is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world and uses science, education and grassroots advocacy to advance its conservation mission. It is named in honor of John James Audubon, a Franco-American ornithologist and naturalist who painted, cataloged, and described the birds of North America in his famous book ""Birds of America"" published in sections between 1827 and 1838. The society has nearly 500 local chapters, each of which is an independent"
"studies by Karl Bodmer (1809–1893); a complete set of planographic prints from George Catlin’s ""North American Indian Portfolio"" (1844); and ornithological prints from John James Audubon’s landmark book The Birds of America (published 1827-38).Examples of work in the collection by other noted expeditionary artists include rare nineteenth-century field studies by Edward Everett (1818–1903), Richard H. Kern (1821–1853), John H. B. Latrobe (1803–1891), Alfred Jacob Miller (1810–1874), and Peter Rindisbacher (1806–1834); nineteenth-century views of the American West by John Mix Stanley (1814–1872) and Henry Warre (1819–1898); and early views of San Francisco by Thomas A. Ayres (1816–1858). See Expeditionary art and"
"inspired such later artists as John Kensett and the ""Luminists""; as well as George Inness and the ""tonalists"" (which included Albert Pinkham Ryder and Ralph Blakelock among others), and Winslow Homer (1836–1910), who depicted the rural U.S.—the sea, the mountains, and the people who lived near them. The Hudson River School landscape painter Robert S. Duncanson was one of the first important African American painters. John James Audubon, an ornothologist whose paintings documented birds, was one of the most important naturalist artists in the early U.S. His major work, a set of colored prints entitled ""The Birds of America"" (1827–1839),"
"of John James Audubon's ""The Birds of America"". During the course of this work she produced over five hundred watercolours of birds. She also illustrated local plants, creating a list for the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, the abstract for which was published in the 1850 ""Annals and Magazine of Natural History"". She also worked with her sister, Barbara Gage, illustrating the local flora as well as the fauna. When the folio of bird illustrations was auctioned in 2010, they were sold for €13,500. Catherine Gage Catherine Gage (18 May 1815 – 16 February 1892) was an Irish botanist, botanical and"
"1827 to 1838, Audubon published ""The Birds of America"", which was engraved by Robert Havell, Sr. and his son Robert Havell, Jr. Containing 435 engravings, it is often regarded as the greatest ornithological work in history. The emergence of ornithology as a scientific discipline began in the 18th century, when Mark Catesby published his two-volume ""Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands"", a landmark work which included 220 hand-painted engravings and was the basis for many of the species Carl Linnaeus described in the 1758 ""Systema Naturae"". Linnaeus' work revolutionised bird taxonomy by assigning every species a binomial"
"illustrated more than 20 books, including ""Field Guide to Birds of North America"" (by Bertel Bruun and Chandler S. Robbins), ""Field Guide to Birds of Europe"", ""Birds of the World"" (by Oliver L. Austin), ""The Life of the Hummingbird"", ""Field Guide to Birds of the West Indies"" (by James Bond and Don R. Eckelberry), ""State Birds"", ""Zoo Animals"", ""Birds of Greenland"", ""Cats"", ""Wild Animals from Alligator to Zebra"", ""British and European Birds in Colour"" (by Bertel Bruun), ""The Hamlyn Guide to Birds of Britain and Europe"", ""Book of Birds in Colour"" (by Robert Porter Allen), ""Water and Marsh Birds of"
"Karl Karalus Karl Karalus was an illustrator and wildlife painter. He was married to Helen Couch Karalus. His work includes the illustrations for the book ""Florida Birds"". Karalus was an engineer for the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad for 23 years. In 1971 he resigned from the railroad and moved with his family to Florida where he pursued painting full-time. He specialized in birds and illustrated eight books. He co-authored another three. His works include ""The Owls of North America"" (Doubleday, 1974 ), ""Florida's Birds"" (Pineapple Press, 1990 by Dr. Herb Kale and biologist David S. Maehr),"
"most valuable illustrated guides ever produced. Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748–1831) spent 10 years studying North American birds and wrote the ""Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amerique septentrionale"" (1807–1808?). Vieillot pioneered in the use of life histories and habits in classification. Alexander Wilson composed a nine-volume work, ""American Ornithology"", published 1808-14—the first such record of North American birds, significantly antedating Audubon. In the early 19th century, Lewis and Clark studied and identified many birds in the western United States. John James Audubon, born in 1785, observed and painted birds in France and later in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. From"
"San Joaquin river. However, because he had no interest in business, most of these ventures failed. Two bird species and several other taxa have been named in honor of Grayson. They are mainly from the Revillagigedo Islands and other islands offshore Pacific Mexico. As with much island fauna, several are endangered or extinct: Birds: Other: Andrew J. Grayson Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869) was an American ornithologist and artist. Grayson was the author of ""Birds of the Pacific Slope"" (1853–69), which he considered to be a completion of John James Audubon's ""Birds of America"". Grayson was born August 20, 1819, in"
"then moved on to teach briefly in New Jersey. Eventually, Wilson settled into a position at Gray's Ferry, Pennsylvania, and took up residence in nearby Kingsessing. There, he met the famous naturalist William Bartram, who encouraged Wilson's interest in ornithology and painting. Resolved to publish a collection of illustrations of all the birds of North America, Wilson traveled widely, collecting and painting. He also secured subscribers to fund his work, the nine-volume ""American Ornithology"" (1808–1814). Of the 268 species of birds illustrated in its pages, 26 had not previously been described. Wilson died on August 23, 1813. He was buried"
"Isaac Sprague Isaac Sprague (September 5, 1811 – 1895) was a self-taught landscape, botanical, and ornithological painter. He was America's best known botanical illustrator of his day. Sprague was born in Hingham, Massachusetts and apprenticed with his uncle as a carriage painter. In 1840, a young Sprague met John James Audubon, who had admired Sprague's bird drawings. In 1843, Sprague served as an assistant to Audubon on an ornithological expedition up the Missouri River, taking measurements and making sketches. Sprague's pipit (""Anthus spragueii""), an uncommon and inconspicuous bird, was discovered on that expedition and named for Sprague. Some of Sprague's"
"Earl Lincoln Poole Earl Lincoln Poole (1891–1972) was an American wildlife artist, sculptor, author, and naturalist. He was born on October 30, 1891 in Haddonfield, New Jersey. Published versions of his illustrations appeared in ""Birds of Virginia"" (1913) and ""Bird Studies at Old Cape May"" (1937). After completing high school, Poole attended the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and was a Jessup Scholar at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. He undertook teaching duties at the Reading Boy's High School in 1915, guided by Dr. Levi Mengel (Director of the Reading Public Museum at the time), and was subsequently"
"Audubon Society of Portland Founded in 1902 and incorporated in 1909, it is one of the oldest such organizations in the world. It is named in honor of John James Audubon, an ornithologist and naturalist who painted, cataloged, and described birds of North America in ""Birds of America"" published in sections between 1827 and 1838. The society owns of woodland adjacent to Forest Park, managed as a nature sanctuary and features indigenous vegetation and fauna, including a small stand of old growth timber. The sanctuary is open to the public for free. Much of the sanctuary surrounds Balch Creek near"
"specimens, Fuertes' works are considered some of the most accurate and natural depictions of birds. He had an ability to capture the bird in action and reproduce illustrations from a mental image. Apart from illustrations, he wrote some full length articles including one on falconry in the National Geographic and another on dogs. The cover of the journal ""Auk"" published by the American Ornithologists' Union was designed by Fuertes. Some of the books that he illustrated include: Louis Agassiz Fuertes Louis Agassiz Fuertes (February 7, 1874 Ithaca, New York – August 22, 1927 Unadilla, New York) was an American ornithologist,"
"history cabinet. Jones developed an interest in ornithology. When Jones and her father acquired a nest of a Baltimore oriole, Jones searched for a book to use to research and identify it and was surprised that one did not exist. Her brother, Howard, later commented that if she would paint the images for such a book he would collect them for her. In 1876, Jones viewed James Audubon's ""The Birds of America"" at the World's Fair in Philadelphia and was inspired to undertake the project. The initial installment of the book was extremely well received. Ornithologist Elliott Coues, writing in"
"life. Artist George Catlin (1796–1872) painted accurate paintings of Native American culture. Swiss artist Karl Bodmer made compelling landscapes and portraits. John James Audubon (1785–1851) is famous for classifying and painting in minute details 500 species of birds, published in ""Birds of America."" The most famous of the explorers was John Charles Frémont (1813–1890), an Army officer in the Corps of Topographical Engineers. He displayed a talent for exploration and a genius at self-promotion that gave him the sobriquet of ""Pathmarker of the West"" and led him to the presidential nomination of the new Republican Party in 1856. He led"
"Alexander Fussell Alexander Fussell or Fussel (b. circa 1814, Warwickshire; d. 1881) was an English artist and illustrator. He drew the bird illustrations for William Yarrell's 1843 ""History of British Birds"". Fussell painted in various media, including watercolour, gouache, and oil on canvas. His subjects included ""The prize calf"", ""The park sweeper"", ""Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman"", and ""The letter, after Thomas Faed"". Fussell undertook the large task of illustrating William Yarrell's 1843 ""History of British Birds"". Yarrell states that Fussell drew ""nearly five hundred"" of the 520 engravings mentioned on the book's title page. The work began in"
"John Lewin John William Lewin (1770 – 27 August 1819) was an English-born artist active in Australia from 1800. The first professional artist of the colony of New South Wales, he illustrated the earliest volumes of Australian natural history. Lewin was the son of a professional scientific artist, William Lewin, who was the author of an eight-volume work ""The Birds of Great Britain"" (1789–94). William Lewin's two sons, John William and Thomas, worked with him preparing work. William acknowledges their work in the preface to his book. Around 1797, John Lewin was keen to visit New South Wales. John Lewin"
"T. W. Wood T. W. Wood (born Thomas Wood, summer 1839 – c. 1910) was an English zoological illustrator responsible for the accurate drawings in major nineteenth century works of natural history including Darwin's ""The Descent of Man"" and Wallace's ""The Malay Archipelago"". He studied the courtship display behaviour of pheasants, observing them closely and publishing the first description of the double-banded argus pheasant. He illustrated many books, often of birds but also of moths and mammals. Wood was born in the London borough of Marylebone in June 1839. He became a zoological illustrator, well known in the nineteenth century"
"Charles Crawford Gorst Charles Crawford Gorst (1885 - 1956) was an American performer, educator and a noted bird-call imitator. He called himself ""The Bird Man"" and travelled across the United States, giving talks to bird clubs, church gatherings, the Chautauqua assemblies, and at educational institutions from around 1915 to around 1924. His talks included his own paintings of birds made on large charts, entertaining anecdotes and whistled bird imitations. He claimed to be able to imitate more than 250 birds and he also made musical compositions that included his bird imitations. Little is known of Gorst's early life but he"
"John Gerrard Keulemans Johannes Gerardus Keulemans (J. G. Keulemans) (8 June 1842 – 29 March 1912) was a Dutch bird illustrator. For most of his life he lived and worked in England, illustrating a large number of the best-known ornithology books of the nineteenth century. Keulemans was born in Rotterdam. As a young man he collected animal specimens for museums such as the Natural History Museum in Leiden, whose director, Hermann Schlegel, encouraged Keulemans and sent him on the 1864 expedition to West Africa. In 1869, he was persuaded by Richard Bowdler Sharpe to illustrate his "" Monograph of the"
"being probably the last description of this bird made while the species was still extant in Europe. Eleazar Albin Eleazar Albin (fl. 1690 – c. 1742) was an English naturalist and watercolourist illustrator who wrote and illustrated a number of books including ""A Natural History of English Insects"" (1720), ""A Natural History of Birds"" (1731–38) and ""The Natural History of Spiders and other Curious Insects"" (1736). He has been described as one of the ""great entomological book illustrators of the 18th century"". Nothing is known of Albin's early life, though he may have been German-born; he claimed to have been"