"the remains of lavish villas complete with murals and mosaics. The Caelian is also the site of the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo and the ancient basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo, known for its centralized, circular plan. A significant area of the hill is taken up by Villa Celimontana and its gardens. Caelian Hill The Caelian Hill (; ; buttʃɛːljo|}}) is one of the famous Seven Hills of Rome, Italy. Under reign of Tullus Hostilius, the entire population of Alba Longa was forcibly resettled on the Caelian Hill. According to a tradition recounted by Titus Livy, the hill received"
"part of the Campus Martius, on the west side of ""via Lata"". The Palatine Hill gave its name to Regio X. Regio XI took its name from the Circus Maximus, located in the valley between the Palatine and the Aventine. It contained the Circus Maximus, the Velabrum (the valley between the Palatine and Capitoline), as well as the areas next to the Forum Boarium and the Forum Holitorium. Regio XII took its name from the Piscina Publica, a monument that disappeared during the Empire. It had the high ground where the church of ""San Saba"" is at present, plus its"
"it would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. Fieldwork conducted by Andrea Carandini employed ground penetrating radar on the Quirinal Hill, revealing possible remains of the temple. Temple of Quirinus The Temple of Quirinus (Latin : ""Aedes Quirinus"" or ""Templum Quirinus"") was an ancient Roman temple built on the western half of the Quirinal Hill near the Capitolium Vetus, on a site which now equates to the junction between Via del Quirinale and Via delle Quattro Fontane, beside Piazza Barberini. Domitian later built the Temple of the gens Flavia nearby. According to ancient"
"it runs to the future track of the Aurelian Walls. Regio II encompassed the Caelian Hill. Regio III took its name from the sanctuary of Isis, in the area of the modern Labicana street, containing the valley which was to be the future site of the Colosseum, and parts of the Oppian and Esquiline hills. Regio IV took its name from the Temple of Peace built in the region by Vespasian. It includes the valley between the Esquiline and the Viminal hills, the popular area of the ""Subura"", and the Velian Hill (the hill between the Palatine and the Oppian"
"the warring Romans and Sabines, carrying branches of myrtle, met there to make peace. Venus Erycina (""Erycine Venus""), a Punic idol of Astarte captured from Sicily and worshiped in Romanised form by the elite and respectable matrons at a temple on the Capitoline Hill. A later temple, outside the Porta Collina and Rome's sacred boundary, may have preserved some Erycine features of her cult. It was considered suitable for ""common girls"" and prostitutes"". Venus Frutis honoured by all the Latins with a federal cult at the temple named ""Frutinal"" in Lavinium. Inscriptions found at Lavinium attest the presence of federal"
"Temple of Quirinus The Temple of Quirinus (Latin : ""Aedes Quirinus"" or ""Templum Quirinus"") was an ancient Roman temple built on the western half of the Quirinal Hill near the Capitolium Vetus, on a site which now equates to the junction between Via del Quirinale and Via delle Quattro Fontane, beside Piazza Barberini. Domitian later built the Temple of the gens Flavia nearby. According to ancient authors, the temple of Quirinus was built and dedicated to Quirinus (the deified form of Romulus) by the consul Lucius Papirius Cursor in 293 BC. If still in use by the 4th-and 5th century,"
"Hill, removed in the early 20th century to make way for the ""via dei Fori Imperiali"", the street passing between the Forum Romanum and the Forum of Augustus). The name of Regio V derives from the Esquiline hill. It contains parts of the Oppian and Cispian (two minor hills close to the city center) and of the Esquiline, plus the plain just outside the Servian walls. The name of Regio VI derives from the street (""Alta Semita"", ""High Path"") passing over the Quirinal Hill. It was a large ""regio"" that encompassed also the Viminal Hill, the lower slopes of the"
"celebrated part of the city"" (""celeberrima pars urbis""). Carinae Carinae refers to the western end of the southern spur of the Esquiline hill in Rome. This district likely incorporated the earlier Fagutal, the northern tip of the Oppian Hill on its western side; it extended between the Velian Hill and the Clivus Pullius. Its outlook was southwestern, across the swamps of the Palus Ceroliae toward the Aventine. According to Servius the name of this district comes from the fact the certain buildings standing near the temple of Tellus represented the keels (""carinae"") of ships. The Murus Terreus also crossed the"
"settled by Caelius Vibenna and named for him, and the location of the gate on the Caelian is based in part on the earlier name. In the early 21st century, photogrammetric data and 3D visualization have suggested that the grove of the Querquetulanae may have been incorporated into the Gardens of Maecenas. A nymphaeum from the time of Hadrian would have replaced the natural spring within it. In this view, the grove was located in , along the Via Labicana. A location on the Esquiline Hill is also possible. Pliny places the Porta Querquetulana between Jupiter Fagutalis and the Viminal"
"by Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, each deity had a separate ""cella"", with Juno Regina on the left, Minerva on the right, and Jupiter Optimus Maximus in the middle. It included a podium and a tetrastyle (four column) pronaos (porch). Another shrine (""sacellum"") dedicated to Jupiter, Juno Regina and Minerva was the Capitolium Vetus on the Quirinal Hill. It was thought to be older than the more famous temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, and was still a landmark in Martial's time, in the late 1st century. Capitoline Triad The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities"
"Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, however, Mars and Quirinus were two separate deities, though not perhaps in origin. Each of the three had his own flamen (specialized priest), but the functions of the Flamen Martialis and Flamen Quirinalis are hard to distinguish. Mars is invoked as ""Grabovius"" in the Iguvine Tablets, bronze tablets written in Umbrian that record ritual protocols for carrying out public ceremonies on behalf of the city and community of Iguvium. The same title is given to Jupiter and to the Umbrian deity Vofionus. This triad has been compared to the Archaic Triad, with Vofionus"
"the Palatine, the place of horse races. On the day of his summer festival (August 21), the ""Consualia aestiva"", it was customary to bring horses and mules in procession crowned with flowers and then hold equine races in the Circus. It appears these games had a rustic and archaic character: they marked the end of the yearly agricultural cycle, when harvest was completed. According to tradition this occasion was chosen to enact the abduction of the Sabine (and Latin) women. The episode might bear a reflection of the traditional sexual licence of such occasions. On that day the flamen Quirinalis"
"Carinae Carinae refers to the western end of the southern spur of the Esquiline hill in Rome. This district likely incorporated the earlier Fagutal, the northern tip of the Oppian Hill on its western side; it extended between the Velian Hill and the Clivus Pullius. Its outlook was southwestern, across the swamps of the Palus Ceroliae toward the Aventine. According to Servius the name of this district comes from the fact the certain buildings standing near the temple of Tellus represented the keels (""carinae"") of ships. The Murus Terreus also crossed the Carinae. Florus named the Carinae as the ""most"
"and represent an essential link between domestic and state religion. Rome's survival was thought to depend on their sacred status and ritual purity. Vestals found guilty of inchastity were ""willingly"" buried alive, to expiate their offence and avoid the imposition of blood-guilt on those who inflicted the punishment. Rome's major public temples were contained within the city's sacred, augural boundary (""pomerium""), which had supposedly been marked out by Romulus, with Jupiter's approval. The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (""Jupiter, Best and Greatest"") stood on the Capitoline Hill. Among the settled areas outside the ""pomerium"" was the nearby Aventine Hill. It"
"Quirinus along the Alta Semita, in . It is likely to have been connected with the ""Curia Saliorum Collinorum,"" the ""curia"" of the Colline Salii, who may have dedicated it. ""Mamurius Street"" appears in medieval records, and took its name from the statue. According to Pomponio Leto, the Italian humanist, the statue and ""Mamurius's neighborhood"" ""(Vicus Mamuri)"" were at the Church of S. Susanna on the Quirinal Hill, though the regionary catalogues locate it nearer the Capitolium Vetus. Mamuralia In ancient Roman religion, the Mamuralia or Sacrum Mamurio (""Rite for Mamurius"") was a festival held on March 14 or 15,"
"stayed with them to reconcile them with their fate. However, many of them followed their sons to the Capitoline. No one had the heart to stop them. Many people fled to the Janiculum Hill just outside the city and then dispersed to the countryside and other towns. The Flamen of Quirinus and the Vestal virgins could take only some of the sacred objects and decided to bury the rest under the chapel next to the Flamen's house. They set off to the Janiculum with what they could carry. Lucius Albinus, who was leaving the city on a wagon, saw them"
"Capitoline Temple The Capitoline Temple is an ancient monument located in the old city of Volubilis in Fès-Meknès, Morocco. It dates from the Roman era, and was situated in the ancient Kingdom of Mauretania. The building incorporates a Romanesque tetrastyle architectural design, and was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Macrinus. The temple is earmarked for the trinity of Roman gods, Juno, Jupiter and Minerva. According to Rogerson, a council would meet below the Capitoline Temple in order to make a declaration of war, and then later return to this location with the booty of the resultant war. The Romans also"
"work from Asia Minor, which modifies the Praxitelean tradition by a carnal and voluptuous treatment of the subject and the goddess's modest gesture with ""both"" hands—rather than only one over the groin, in Praxiteles's original. The Capitoline Venus is a slightly over lifesize marble statue of Venus. It is an Antonine copy of a late Hellenistic sculpture that ultimately derives from Praxiteles (Helbig 1972:128–30). It was found on the Viminal Hill during the pontificate of Clement X (1670–76) in the gardens belonging to the Stazi near San Vitale. Pope Benedict XIV purchased it from the Stazi family in 1752 and"
"Esquiline Hills, where these families probably lived. ""Rutilus"" is derived from a Latin adjective, meaning ""reddish,"" and was probably acquired because some of the Verginii had red hair. The general Lucius Verginius Rufus, who lived in the 1st century AD, may have obtained his cognomen for the same reason. Although the plebeian Verginii are also mentioned at an early period, none of them had any cognomen. Under the Empire there are Verginii with other surnames. Verginia (gens) The gens Verginia or Virginia was a prominent family at Rome, which from an early period was divided into patrician and plebeian branches."
"area was divided into four administrative ""regiones"" (regions, or quarters); the Suburana, Esquilana, Collina and Palatina. Servius himself is said to have taken a new residence, on the Esquiline. The situation beyond the walls is unclear, but thereafter, membership of a Roman voting-tribe would have depended on residence rather than kinship, ancestry and inheritance. This would have brought significant numbers of urban and rural ""plebs"" into active political life; and a significant number of these would have been allocated to centuries of the first class, and therefore likely to vote. The city of Rome's division into ""quarters"" remained in use"
"Capitoline Hill The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill (; ; ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. The hill was earlier known as ""Mons Saturnius"", dedicated to the god Saturn. The word ""Capitolium"" first meant the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus later built here, and afterwards it was used for the whole hill (and even other temples of Jupiter on other hills), thus ""Mons Capitolinus"" (the adjective noun of ""Capitolium""). Ancient sources refer the name to ""caput"" (""head"", ""summit"") and the tale was that, when laying the foundations for the temple, the"
"Capitoline Hill The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill (; ; ), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. The hill was earlier known as ""Mons Saturnius"", dedicated to the god Saturn. The word ""Capitolium"" first meant the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus later built here, and afterwards it was used for the whole hill (and even other temples of Jupiter on other hills), thus ""Mons Capitolinus"" (the adjective noun of ""Capitolium""). Ancient sources refer the name to ""caput"" (""head"", ""summit"") and the tale was that, when laying the foundations for the temple, the"
"Many of the legends themselves transferred to the comitum from the Palatine. For example, the ""pomeriam"" where Remus is said to have slept as well as the Ficus Ruminalis and the sculpture of the she-wolf suckling the twins have competing legends. The original Palatine settlement, the ""Roma Quatrata"", contained the relics of Romulus. An extension of the square city is seen in the ""Septimontium"", the original seven hills. Ancient stories suggest that Tarpeia was drawing water from a spring here when she saw Tatius for the first time. The Comitium contains the earliest surviving document of the Roman State, a"
"claimed by Rome's Republican patrician elite. The Aventine Triad has been described as parallel to the Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus on the Capitoline Hill, within the city's sacred boundary (pomerium): and as its ""copy and antithesis"". The Aventine Triad was apparently installed at the behest of the Sibylline Books but Liber's position within it seems equivocal from the outset. He was a god of the grape and of wine; his early ""ludi scaenici"" virtually defined their genre thereafter as satirical, subversive theatre in a lawful religious context. Some aspects of his cults remained potentially un-Roman and offered"
"are numbered here merely for convenience. In the 10th century, there was a region that was called ""Biveretica"", presumably named after the monastery of Saint Andrew known as ""Sant'Andrea de Biveretica"", which was situated between the Santi Apostoli and the Column of Trajan, meaning it included at least part of the old seventh region, the Via Lata. By the 12th century, its name had changed to ""Montium et Biberatice"", before simply becoming ""Montium"" at the close of the 14th century. This change of name reflected the fact that the Esquiline and the Viminal Hills, and parts of the Quirinal and"
"Massive remains of another temple, the ""Capitolium"", , with cells , lie on the street starting from Palazzo Venditti. Built in the mid-1st century BCE, it was dedicated to the Capitoline Triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Of the lower town by the harbour, which had buildings of some importance of the imperial period (amphitheatre, baths, etc.), little is now visible, and its site is mainly occupied by a new quarter built by Pope Pius VI. Of the ancient harbour constructed by Antoninus Pius insignificant remains exist, and it is largely silted up. Close to it is the small modern"
"on the Capitoline Hill, as one of Rome's twelve Dii consentes. ""Venus Victrix"" was thought to grant her favourites a relatively easy victory, worthy of an ovation and myrtle crown. Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its seven hills. The most important governing, administrative and religious institutions were concentrated at its heart, on and around the Capitoline and Palatine Hills. The city rapidly outgrew its original sacred boundary (""pomerium""), and its first city walls. Further growth was constrained by an inadequate fresh-water supply. Rome's first aqueduct (312) built during the Punic wars crisis, provided"
"the visit of Hadrian to Judea in the 130s AD, Jerusalem's ruins were surveyed and Hadrian decided to build a Roman colony in its place, naming it Colonia Aelia Capitolina, after the Roman deities Jupiter, Juno and Minerva (the Capitoline Triad), worshiped at the Capitoline Hill temple in Rome. Like many Roman colonies, Aelia Capitolina was laid out with a Hippodamian grid plan of narrower streets and wider avenues. Notably, the decision was one of the main causes of the Bar Kokhba revolt, which shortly encompassed the region. The main north-south thoroughfare, the Cardo Maximus, was originally a paved avenue"
"has been considered unacceptable by Dumezil. Vulcan's oldest shrine in Rome, called the Vulcanal, was situated at the foot of the Capitoline in the Forum Romanum, and was reputed to date to the archaic period of the kings of Rome, and to have been established on the site by Titus Tatius, the Sabine co-king, with a traditional date in the 8th century BC. It was the view of the Etruscan haruspices that a temple of Vulcan should be located outside the city, and the Vulcanal may originally have been on or outside the city limits before they expanded to include"
"focused on the former religious places of the Capitoline Hill or the Forum Romanum. Art historian Stamper argues that the Largo Argentina has marked the beginning of multiple triumphal processions of successful generals. During the 1st century BC, there was a change from the Ionic style to the Corinthian Order. Acanthus leaves were sculpted on the top of these columns. Two other important temples are the Temple of Apollo Sosianus and the temple of Bellona. One is associated with the cult of Apollo, and the other one is dedicated to the goddess of war, respectively. Both temples are located in"
"the Quirinal Palace, both in Rome. Cappella Paolina The Cappella Paolina (Pauline Chapel) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, Vatican City. It is separated from the Sistine Chapel by the Sala Regia. It is not on any of the regular tourist itineraries. Michelangelo’s two frescoes in the Cappella Paolina, ""The Conversion of Saul"" and ""The Crucifixion of St Peter"" were painted from 1542 to 1549, the height of his fame, but were widely viewed as disappointments and even failures by their contemporary audience. They did not conform to the compositional conventions of the time and the subject-matter is depicted"
"the Republic and the rise of the Empire. Though its exact location is not known, it is likely that the Campus Esquilinus was located in via Labicana, and included present day Piazza Vittorio Emanuele and the area north of it. The part of the Esquiline Hill that contained the Campus Esquilinus was very decorative. The hill itself was covered with many elegant gardens, including the Horti Pallantiani, Horti Maecenatis and Horti Lamiani. Along with gardens, the hill was also the site of many lavish buildings. During the Great Roman Fire of 64 AD, the imperial residence on the Palatine Hill,"
"Capitoline Hill near the Arcadian city of Pallanteum (the future site of Rome) (see line 54, Bk. 8). Virgil uses these ruins to stress the significance of the Capitoline Hill as the religious center of Rome. According to Livy, the Janiculum was incorporated into ancient Rome during the time of king Ancus Marcius to prevent an enemy from occupying it. It was fortified by a wall, and a bridge was built across the Tiber to join it to the rest of the city. During the war between Rome and Clusium in 508 BC, it is said that the forces of"