"to the sun had been the mark of laborers doomed to a life of unremitting, unsheltered toil. ""A milky skin seemed a sure sign of aristocracy."" By the mid-1920s, women could be seen lounging on the beach without a hat to shield them from the sun's rays. The Chanel influence made sun bathing fashionable. Coco Chanel Gabrielle Bonheur ""Coco"" Chanel (19 August 1883 – 10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and business woman. The founder and namesake of the Chanel brand, she was credited in the post-World War I era with liberating women from the constraints of the"
"Cristóbal Balenciaga Cristóbal Balenciaga Eizaguirre (; January 21, 1895 – March 23, 1972) was a Spanish Basque fashion designer and the founder of the Balenciaga fashion house. He had a reputation as a couturier of uncompromising standards and was referred to as ""the master of us all"" by Christian Dior and as ""the only couturier in the truest sense of the word"" by Coco Chanel, who continued, ""The others are simply fashion designers"". He continues to be revered as the supreme deity of the European salons. On the day of his death, in 1972, ""Women's Wear Daily"" ran the headline"
"Étienne Balsan Étienne Balsan (February 11, 1878 – 1953) was born in Paris, France, as Fulcran Étienne Balsan. A French socialite and heir, he was born into the family of wealthy industrialists from Châteauroux (Indre) who created Balsan (Company) and provided the army with uniforms and originated the famous cloth known as ""blue horizon."" Balsan is best known in the present day as having kept Coco Chanel as his mistress. Among his other lovers was famed French actress and courtesan Émilienne d'Alençon. While the Balsan family was a part of the upper class circle, Étienne (and his brother Jacques Balsan)"
"May 1940, designated Felix Amiot, a Christian French industrialist, as the ""Aryan"" proxy whose legal control of the Parfums Chanel business proved politically acceptable to the Nazis, who then allowed the perfume company to continue as an operating business. Occupied France abounded with rumours that Coco Chanel was a Nazi collaborator; her clandestine identity was secret agent 7124 of the Abwehr, code-named ""Westminster"". As such, by order of General Walter Schellenberg, of the ""Sicherheitsdienst"", Chanel was despatched to London on a mission to communicate to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill the particulars of a ""separate peace"" plan proposed by ""Reichsführer-SS"""
"spirit of the 1920s. At the age of twelve, Chanel was handed over to the care of nuns, and for the next six years spent a stark, disciplined existence in a convent orphanage, Aubazine, founded by 12th century Cistercians in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France. From her earliest days there, the number five had potent associations for her. For Chanel, the number five was especially esteemed as signifying the pure embodiment of a thing, its spirit, its mystic meaning. The paths that led Chanel to the cathedral for daily prayers were laid out in circular patterns repeating the number"
"interest of the House of Chanel. Critics stated that during his leadership, he never paid much attention to the company, as he was more interested in horse breeding. In 1974, the House of Chanel launched Cristalle eau de toilette, which was designed when Coco Chanel was alive. 1978 saw the launch of the first non-couture, prêt-à-porter line and worldwide distribution of accessories. Alain Wertheimer, son of Jacques Wertheimer, assumed control of Chanel S.A. in 1974. In the U.S., No. 5 de Chanel was not selling well. Alain revamped Chanel No.5 sales by reducing the number of outlets carrying the fragrance"
"investment capital, business acumen, and access to the North American market. To that end, the businessman Théophile Bader (founder of Galeries Lafayette) introduced the venture capitalist Pierre Wertheimer to Coco Chanel. Their business deal established the Parfums Chanel company, a ""parfumerie"" of which Wertheimer owned 70 per cent, Bader owned 20 per cent, and Chanel owned 10 per cent; commercial success of the joint enterprise was assured by the Chanel name, and by the cachet of la ""Maison Chanel"", which remained the sole business province of Coco Chanel. Nonetheless, despite the success of the Chanel couture and ""parfumerie"", the personal"
"Christian Dior Christian Dior (; 21 January 1905 – 24 October 1957) was a French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, also called Christian Dior, which is now owned by Groupe Arnault. His fashion houses are now all around the world. Christian Dior was born in Granville, a seaside town on the coast of Normandy, France. He was the second of five children born to Maurice Dior, a wealthy fertilizer manufacturer (the family firm was Dior Frères), and his wife, formerly Madeleine Martin. He had four siblings: Raymond (father of Françoise"
"adore me. So Christian Dior me. From my head to my toes"" Kanye West released a song titled ""Christian Dior Denim Flow"" in 2010. West mentioned the Dior brand in three other songs: ""Devil in a New Dress"", ""Stronger"", and ""Barry Bonds"" Christian Dior Christian Dior (; 21 January 1905 – 24 October 1957) was a French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top fashion houses, also called Christian Dior, which is now owned by Groupe Arnault. His fashion houses are now all around the world. Christian Dior was born in Granville, a seaside"
"I get from having fewer toxins in my body is extraordinary."" John Galliano John Charles Galliano (born November 28, 1960) is a Gibraltar-born British fashion designer who was the head designer of French fashion companies Givenchy (July 1995 to October 1996), Christian Dior (October 1996 to March 2011), and his own label John Galliano (1988 to 2011). At present, Galliano is the creative director of Paris-based fashion house Maison Margiela. Galliano has been named British Designer of the Year four times. In a 2004 poll for the BBC, he was named the fifth most influential person in British culture. He"
"Coco Chanel (film) Coco Chanel is a 2008 made-for-television biographical film directed by Christian Duguay and written by Ron Hutchinson, Enrico Medioli and Lea Tafuri. It stars Shirley MacLaine as (the older) Coco Chanel, the pioneering French fashion designer. MacLaine was nominated for a Golden Globe award, an Emmy and a Screen Actors Guild award for her work in the film. Although an Italian-French-British production backed by Rai Uno and France 2, ""Coco Chanel"" was primarily intended for the US market and was first broadcast in the United States on 13 September 2008 by cable channel Lifetime Television. It premiered"
"the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia (1891–1941), a companion of Coco Chanel (1883–1971), he arranged a meeting in Cannes late in the summer of 1920, where he presented his current and former works to Mlle. Chanel. Chanel chose the ""No. 5"" as a Christmas present for her best clients. When Ernest Beaux asked her how she wanted to name that scent, she replied: ""I always launch my collection on the 5th day of the 5th months, so the number 5 seems to bring me luck – therefore, I will name it 'Nº 5'"". Initially only 100 flacons of Chanel"
"Chanel ready-to-wear collection Chanel is a privately held French company founded in 1909 by Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, a former milliner. The Chanel ready-to-wear collection is showcased biannually for spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons during Paris Fashion Week to an audience of media, retailers, buyers, investors, and customers, under the auspices of the Chambre Syndicale du Prêt-à-Porter des Couturiers et des Créateurs de Mode, which is one of three trade associations affiliated with the Fédération française de la couture, du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode. The House of Chanel is known for liberating women from the corset in the"
"Additionally, Kors guest starred as himself in a Fashion Week themed episode of the hit teen show ""Gossip Girl""; the same show that repeatedly showcases several pieces from his collections. Michael Kors Michael David Kors (born Karl Anderson Jr.; August 9, 1959) is an American sportswear fashion designer. He is the honorary chairman and chief creative officer for his company, Michael Kors Holdings Limited (), which sells men's and women's and ready-to-wear, accessories, watches, jewelry, footwear and fragrance. Kors was the first women's ready-to-wear designer for the French house Celine, from 1997 to 2003. Kors was born as Karl Anderson"
"Calvin (given name) Calvin is a masculine given name. It has been especially popular among American Protestants, who may be baptized as John Calvin to honor the religious leader, although in the judgement of the Oxford Dictionary of First Names, the modern given name ""owes its popularity as much to the New York fashion designer Calvin Klein [b. 1942] as to the theologian"". In the United States, the name had a short burst of popularity in the mid-to-late 1920s, due to president Calvin Coolidge (in office 1923–1929) and has remained of limited but more or less constant popularity since (fluctuating"
"and Yasmine Le Bon attended the show. Chanel ready-to-wear collection Chanel is a privately held French company founded in 1909 by Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, a former milliner. The Chanel ready-to-wear collection is showcased biannually for spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons during Paris Fashion Week to an audience of media, retailers, buyers, investors, and customers, under the auspices of the Chambre Syndicale du Prêt-à-Porter des Couturiers et des Créateurs de Mode, which is one of three trade associations affiliated with the Fédération française de la couture, du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode. The House of Chanel is known for"
"Karl Lagerfeld Karl Otto Lagerfeld (Hamburg, 10 September 1933) is a German creative director, artist, photographer, and caricaturist living in Paris. He is known as the creative director of the French luxury fashion house Chanel (since 1983), as well as creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi and his own eponymous fashion label. Over the decades, he has collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects. He is well recognized around the world for his white hair, black sunglasses, fingerless gloves, and high starched collars. Lagerfeld was born on 10 September 1933 in Hamburg,"
"Christian Dior SE Christian Dior SE (), commonly known as Dior, is a European luxury goods company controlled and chaired by French businessman Bernard Arnault, who also heads LVMH – the world's largest luxury group. Dior itself holds 42.36% shares of and 59.01% voting rights within LVMH. Founded in 1948 by the eponymous designer Christian Dior, today the company designs and retails ready-to-wear, leather goods, fashion accessories, footwear, jewelry, timepieces, fragrance, makeup, and skincare products while also maintaining its tradition as a creator of recognized haute-couture (under the ""Christian Dior Couture"" division). While the Christian Dior label remains largely for"
"and, as mentioned, natural rock crystal in necklace, brooch, bracelet and earring designs. Starting in 1954 with his creation of the Byzantine style, Goossens worked with Coco Chanel to design jewelry to accompany her fashion designs, mostly through presentations where she would guide his inspiration. Chanel herself loved to blend the rich with the poor, and Goossens's creations were entirely in keeping with that approach. Notable work during his tenure at Chanel includes silver and gold plated pins set with emeralds, moon earth pendants, and crystal Byzantine crosses. Goossens would create original pieces for Chanel herself made of real gold"
"at Chanel, Kopelman grew the brand to expand its core retail, fragrance, cosmetics, skin care, eyewear, and accessories businesses, transforming Chanel into a company earning multi-billion dollar revenues. At the outset of Kopelman’s career with Chanel, the brand had two standalone boutiques and its annual revenue was reported at $357 million. By the time of his retirement, there were 17 brick-and-mortar boutiques just in the United States and in 2014, Chanel reported annual sales in the area of $7 billion. During his tenure as president, the company released the fragrances Coco, Coco Mademoiselle, Chance, Allure, Allure for Men, Cristalle, Egoiste,"
"that replaced the opulent, over-designed, and constrictive clothes and accessories of 19th-century fashion. The Chanel product brands have been personified by fashion models and actresses, including Inès de La Fressange, Catherine Deneuve, Carole Bouquet, Vanessa Paradis, Nicole Kidman, Anna Mouglalis, Audrey Tautou, Keira Knightley, Kristen Stewart and Marilyn Monroe. The House of Chanel is known for the ""little black dress"", the perfume No. 5 de Chanel, and the Chanel Suit. Chanel's use of jersey fabric produced garments that were comfortable and affordable. Chanel revolutionized fashion — high fashion (haute couture) and everyday fashion (prêt-à-porter) — by replacing structured-silhouettes, based upon"
"Baptiste Giabiconi Baptiste Giabiconi (born 9 November 1989) is a French male model and singer from Marignane, France. He is currently the male face of Chanel, Fendi and Karl Lagerfeld. Born in Marignane, Bouches-du-Rhône, Baptiste Giabiconi comes from a Corsican family. His father is from Bastia and his mother Marie-France from Calvi, both in Corsica. He spent his infancy in Moriani-Plage in the Haute-Corse region very near to Bastia, before moving to Marseille. He obtained a Brevet d'études professionnelles (BEP) in the food service industry, and a professional Baccalauréat in ""Accueil et Service"". Then he trained for six months as"
"friend of Étienne Balsan; per the upper class social custom, Chanel also became mistress to Boy Capel. Despite that social circumstance, Boy Capel perceived the businesswoman innate to Coco Chanel, and, in 1910, financed her first independent millinery shop, ""Chanel Modes"", at 21 rue Cambon, Paris. Because that locale already housed a dress shop, the business-lease limited Chanel to selling only millinery products, not couture. Two years later, in 1913, the Deauville and Biarritz couture shops of Coco Chanel offered for sale ""prêt-à-porter"" sports clothes for women, the practical designs of which allowed the wearer to play sport. The First"
"Christian Fashion Week Christian Fashion Week (R) (USPTO Registration Numbers 4456872 & 4494390) is an annual fashion show that celebrates fashion from a Christian worldview. It is the first fashion week to claim faith as a basis. The organization and event was founded by entrepreneurs Jose Gomez, Mayra Gomez, Wil Lugo, and Tamy Lugo, all from Tampa, Florida. The first annual event, Christian Fashion Week 2013, was held on February 8, 2013, and featured 8 designers from around the US. The event attracted over 300 attendees and over 2,000 online viewers. The event attracted an international audience after a syndicated"
"of Capel's daughters, he was described as ""an intellectual, politician, tycoon, polo-player and the dashing lover and sponsor of the fashion designer Coco Chanel"". There are hints in biographies of Chanel about Capel's reputed (illegitimate) connections with the Capel Earls of Essex, but no connection has been established; his paternal family originated in Ireland. An alumnus of Beaumont College, he was already an apparently wealthy self-made man by 1909. Capel was killed in an automobile accident on Monday 22 December 1919, allegedly en route to a Christmas rendezvous with Chanel. He was buried with full military honours at Fréjus Cathedral"
"Calvin Klein Calvin Richard Klein (born November 19, 1942) is an American fashion designer who launched the company that would later become Calvin Klein Inc., in 1968. In addition to clothing, he also has given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewelry. Klein was born to a Hungarian Jewish family in The Bronx, the son of Flore (""née"" Stern) and Leo Klein. Leo had immigrated to New York from Hungary, while Flore was born in the United States to an immigrant from Austria and an American dentist. Klein went to Isobel Rooney Middle School 80 (M.S.80) as"
"and be known as Brooke Burke-Charvet. In April 2018, the couple announced that they are divorcing after seven years of marriage. David Charvet David Franck Charvet (; born 15 May 1972) is a French singer, actor, model, and television personality. Charvet was born in Lyon, France, the son of Christiane Charvet Haddad and businessman Paul Guez, founder of the Sasson brand of jeans in the 1980s. He was raised in a Jewish household; his father is from a Tunisian Jewish family. He won a green card through the Morrison visa lottery in the early 1990s. Until recently, Charvet lived in"
"Chanel 2.55 The Chanel 2.55 is a luxury leather handbag or purse manufactured by the fashion house of Chanel. In the 1920s, Coco Chanel became tired of having to carry her handbags in her arms and decided to design a handbag that freed up her hands. Inspired by the straps found on soldiers' bags she added thin straps and introduced the resulting design to the market in 1929. After her successful comeback to the fashion industry in 1954, Chanel decided to update her handbag. The resulting design was called 2.55 after the date of creation, February 1955. The bag has"
"called RockStar. Coming from a family with a deeply rooted history in the trade, Frank’s grandfather used to import Levi's jeans into Morocco in the 50s. His father David Mechaly was the original creator and manufacturer of the legendary 70s brand MacKeen, which was the only premium denim brand with similar international recognition as Levis but started in the south of France. MacKeen did open offices in the U.S. and was worn by original cast members of ""Charlie’s Angels"" (ironically Cameron Diaz who embraced Frank Mechaly’s 575 DENIM jeans also starred in the modern remake of Charlie’s Angels taking over"
"dead in her bath on 6 October 1986 in Paris, France, with the cause of death unknown, and was buried in Monchy-Humières, near Estrées-Saint-Denis. The French designer Coco Chanel launched her first post-war collection at her rue Cambon showroom in Paris on 5 February 1954. For the show she approached Marie-Hélène de Rothschild to ask her friends whether they would appear on the catwalk; Chanel had decided to use ""personalities"", women ""with bosoms and hips – with a real shape – they must have elegance"", rather than the sylphlike and anonymous models she had use pre-war whose function was to"
"between Chanel and Stravinsky ever occurred. Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky is a 2009 French film directed by Jan Kounen. It was chosen as the Closing Film of the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, and was shown on 24 May 2009. ""Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky"" is based on the 2002 fictional novel ""Coco and Igor"" by Chris Greenhalgh and traces a rumoured affair between Coco Chanel and Igor Stravinsky in Paris in 1920, the year that Chanel No. 5 was created. Greenhalgh also wrote the screenplay for the film. Chanel and its current chief designer"
"textile businessman Étienne Balsan, of whom she was the mistress. Because the Balsan flat also was a salon for the French hunting and sporting élite, Chanel had the opportunity to meet their ""demi-mondaine"" mistresses, who, as such, were women of fashion, upon whom the rich men displayed their wealth — as ornate clothes, jewelry, and hats. Coco Chanel thus could sell to them the hats she designed and made; she thus earned a living, independent of her financial sponsor, the socialite Balsan. In the course of those salons Coco Chanel befriended Arthur 'Boy' Capel, an English socialite and polo player"
"François Demachy François Demachy is a French perfumer. He trained at . He currently works as a perfumer for Christian Dior and other brands under the LMVH umbrella. Born in Cannes, Demarchy has lived almost all his life in Grasse[1], where his father has a pharmacy. He studied dentistry, physiotherapy, then after working at Mane, studied at the school of perfumery company Charabot. After five years of study at Charabot, Demachy joined Chanel, where he was appointed Director of Research and Development, collaborating simultaneously with the creation of perfumes of Chanel, Ungaro, Bourjois and Tiffany.[1] In 2006 he was appointed"