"Impetigo Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin. The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits. The lesions may be painful or itchy. Fever is uncommon. It is typically due to either ""Staphylococcus aureus"" or ""Streptococcus pyogenes"". Risk factors include attending day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, and breaks in the skin such as from mosquito bites, eczema, scabies, or herpes. With contact it can spread around or between people. Diagnosis is typically based on the"
"The name is from the Latin ""impetere"" meaning ""attack"". This most common form of impetigo, also called nonbullous impetigo, most often begins as a red sore near the nose or mouth which soon breaks, leaking pus or fluid, and forms a honey-colored scab, followed by a red mark which heals without leaving a scar. Sores are not painful, but they may be itchy. Lymph nodes in the affected area may be swollen, but fever is rare. Touching or scratching the sores may easily spread the infection to other parts of the body. Skin ulcers with redness and scarring also may"
"than average to contract impetigo; this decreases to 1.6% for children up to 15-years-old. As age increases, the rate of impetigo declines, but all ages are still susceptible. Impetigo was originally described and differentiated by William Tilbury Fox. The word ""impetigo"" is the generic Latin word for ""skin eruption"", and stems from the verb ""impetere"", ""to attack"" (as in ""impetus""). For generations, the disease was treated with an application of the antiseptic gentian violet. Impetigo Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin. The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. Less commonly"
"swollen lymph nodes in the affected area. Impetigo is primarily caused by ""Staphylococcus aureus"", and sometimes by ""Streptococcus pyogenes"". Both bullous and nonbullous are primarily caused by ""S. aureus"", with ""Streptococcus ""also commonly being involved in the nonbullous form. Impetigo is more likely to infect children ages 2–5, especially those that attend school or day care. 70% of cases are the nonbullous form and 30% are the bullous form. Other factors can increase the risk of contracting impetigo such as diabetes mellitus, dermatitis, immunodeficiency disorders, and other irritable skin disorders. Impetigo occurs more frequently among people who live in warm"
"symptoms and appearance. Prevention is by hand washing, avoiding people who are infected, and cleaning injuries. Treatment is typically with antibiotic creams such as mupirocin or fusidic acid. Antibiotics by mouth, such as cephalexin, may be used if large areas are affected. Antibiotic-resistant forms have been found. Impetigo affected about 140 million people (2% of the world population) in 2010. It can occur at any age, but is most common in young children. In some places the condition is also known as ""school sores"". Without treatment people typically get better within three weeks. Complications may include cellulitis or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis."
"evidence to recommend alternative medicine such as tea tree oil or honey. Without treatment, individuals with impetigo typically get better within three weeks. Complications may include cellulitis or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Rheumatic fever does not appear to be related. Globally, impetigo affects more than 162 million children in low to middle income countries. The rates are highest in countries with low available resources and is especially prevalent in the region of Oceania. The tropical climate and high population in lower socioeconomic regions contribute to these high rates. Children under the age of 4 in the United Kingdom are 2.8% more likely"
"no pain although, they may be itchy. Once the blisters pop they crust over with a yellow brownish scab but, they can still be red and itchy. Mayo clinic states that ""Classic signs and symptoms of impetigo involve red sores that quickly rupture, ooze for a few days and then form a yellowish-brown crust. The sores usually occur around the nose and mouth but can be spread to other areas of the body by fingers, clothing and towels"". Impetigo comes from a bacterium known as staphylococcus aureus. MRSA MRSA is an infection that has a resistance to certain antibiotics this"
"spread and growth of diseases Impetigo Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection. They appear as red or yellowish bumps and sores that are clustered together they may increase in size. The sores can burst which then crust over with a yellowish or brownish scab. This infection can be spread by coming into contact with a person who has the infection. Another way to contract impetigo is by touching or using equipment or from the mats that are infected by the bacteria. If impetigo is left untreated other infections could occur which can cause serious health issues. The bumps cause"
"depending on the severity of infection and how much it has spread. Bullous impetigo Bullous Impetigo is a skin condition that characteristically occurs in the newborn, and is caused by a bacterial infection, presenting with bullae. It can be caused by Exfoliative toxin A. The phyogenic superficial infection can be divided into two other subdivisions; Impetigo, and non-bullous impetigo. Bullous impetigo is caused by ""Staphylococcus aureus,"" which produces exfoliative toxins, whereas non-bullous impetigo is caused by either ""Staphylococcus aureus"", or ""Streptococcus pyogenes."" Thirty percent of all Impetigo cases are related to Bullous impetigo. Bullous impetigo, in newborns, children, or adults"
"Bullous impetigo Bullous Impetigo is a skin condition that characteristically occurs in the newborn, and is caused by a bacterial infection, presenting with bullae. It can be caused by Exfoliative toxin A. The phyogenic superficial infection can be divided into two other subdivisions; Impetigo, and non-bullous impetigo. Bullous impetigo is caused by ""Staphylococcus aureus,"" which produces exfoliative toxins, whereas non-bullous impetigo is caused by either ""Staphylococcus aureus"", or ""Streptococcus pyogenes."" Thirty percent of all Impetigo cases are related to Bullous impetigo. Bullous impetigo, in newborns, children, or adults who are immunocompromised and/or are experiencing renal failure, can develop into a"
"impetigo, scleroderma or psoriasis. The lesions are usually inflammatory, impetiginous, and sometimes bullous with rapid development and resolution; this is accompanied by scarring and permanent patches alopecia. The greatest intensity of inflammation is at the advancing margin of the ring. Direct examination with KOH of skin, reveal mycelium and masses of arthroconidia in some chains; KOH examination of hair produces distinctive large macroconidia in chain or irregular masses of hair. Mycelium was also discovered to run parallel to its length. Wood's lamp tests on humans indicate the fungus by fluorescence. The fungus is encountered rarely as a confirmed agent of"
"infection may occur on any part of the skin, including the face, arms, fingers, legs and toes; it tends to favour the extremities. Fat tissue and facial areas, typically around the eyes, ears, and cheeks, are most susceptible to infection. Repeated infection of the extremities can lead to chronic swelling (lymphangitis). Most cases of erysipelas are due to ""Streptococcus pyogenes"" (also known as beta-hemolytic group A streptococci), although non-group A streptococci can also be the causative agent. Beta-hemolytic, non-group A streptococci include ""Streptococcus agalactiae"", also known as group B strep or GBS. Historically, the face was most affected; today, the"
"tinea corporis known as tinea imbricata, otherwise known as tokelau. This is characterized by concentric rings of overlapping scales called papulosquamous patches which may exist for an individual's lifetime. While these lesions appears to affect mostly the trunk region of the body, it may affect any other area. There has been rare occurrences where the nails, skin and palms are affected but it has not been known to invade hair. Most lesions begin on the face and subsequently spread to larger areas of the body. Pruritis has been the most common symptom of infection and it is most severe in"
"skin, heart, joints, peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. Many of the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease are a consequence of the immune response to the spirochete in those tissues. ""B. burgdorferi"" is injected into the skin by the bite of an infected ""Ixodes"" tick. Tick saliva, which accompanies the spirochete into the skin during the feeding process, contains substances that disrupt the immune response at the site of the bite. This provides a protective environment where the spirochete can establish infection. The spirochetes multiply and migrate outward within the dermis. The host inflammatory response to the bacteria"
"believed to be due to genetic susceptibility that is triggered by an environmental factor such that an autoimmune disease occurs. This results in the destruction of skin pigment cells. Risk factors include a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, alopecia areata, and pernicious anemia. It is not contagious. Vitiligo is classified into two main types: segmental and non-segmental. Most cases are non-segmental, meaning they affect both sides; and in these cases, the affected area of the skin typically expands with time. About 10% of cases are segmental, meaning they mostly involve one side of"
"pain or breathlessness. Usually, only patients with weakened immune systems or with other lung conditions are susceptible. The spores of ""Aspergillus fumigatus"" are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. ""A. fumigatus"" is an opportunistic pathogen. It can cause potentially lethal invasive infection in immunocompromised individuals. ""A. fumigatus"" has a fully functional sexual cycle that produces cleistothecia and ascospores. ""Cryptococcus neoformans"" can cause a severe form of meningitis and meningo-encephalitis in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. The majority of ""Cryptococcus"" species live in the soil and do not cause disease in humans. ""Cryptococcus neoformans"" is the major human and animal pathogen. ""Cryptococcus"
"attack on the limbic system, which includes structures like the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus. Respectively these brain regions regulate anger, fear, memory formation, and motor and sensory signaling. Affected persons may develop memory loss and may have sudden changes in personality. This is often accompanied by headaches, delusions, or hallucinations. In some cases, the antibodies created by this illness attack another structure of the brain called the brainstem. The brainstem is responsible for basic bodily functions like breathing, but not more complex actions and emotions, which is why the presentation is different when the disease affects the limbic system than"
"in this context is a misnomer, and this disorder is hardly benign given the extent of morbidity it can cause)."" The autoimmune reaction most commonly affects the mouth, causing lesions in the gingiva or gums, but it can also affect areas of mucous membrane elsewhere in the body, such as the sinuses, genitals and anus. When the cornea of the eye is affected, repeated scarring may result in blindness. ""Localized cicatricial pemphigoid"" (also known as ""Brunsting–Perry cicatricial pemphigoid"") refers to a localised variant of cutaneous cicatricial pemphigoid involving the head and the neck without mucosal involvement. Nikolsky's sign (gentle lateral"
"can spread to any part of the body and is considered highly contagious. Affected areas may appear reddish, tan, or brown, with flaking, rippling, peeling, iridescence, or cracking skin. The acute infection begins with an area in the groin fold about a half-inch across, usually on both sides. The area may enlarge, and other sores may develop. The rash has sharply defined borders that may blister and ooze. Tinea cruris has similar symptoms to inverse psoriasis. Opportunistic infections (infections that are caused by a diminished immune system) are frequent. Fungus from an athlete's foot infection can spread to the groin"
"more severe and generalized form called Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The mortality rate is less than 3% for infected children, but up to 60% in adults. Bullous impetigo can appear around the diaper region, axilla, or neck. The bacteria causes a toxin to be produced that reduces cell-to-cell stickiness (adhesion), causing for the top layer of skin (epidermis), and lower layer of skin (dermis) to separate. Vesicles rapidly enlarge and form the bullae which is a blister more than 5mm across. Bullae is also known as Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Other associated symptoms are itching, swelling of nearby glands,"
"legs are affected most often. The rash is due to an exotoxin, not the ""Streptococcus"" bacteria, and is found in areas where no symptoms are present; e.g., the infection may be in the nasopharynx, but the rash is found usually on the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics. Erysipelas infections can enter the skin through minor trauma, insect bites, dog bites, eczema, athlete's foot, surgical incisions and ulcers and often originate from streptococci bacteria in the subject's own nasal passages. Infection sets in after a small scratch or abrasion spreads, resulting in toxaemia. Erysipelas does not affect subcutaneous tissue. It does"
"invade into a blood vessel which can result in bleeding. Thus, the most common symptom of associated with aspergillomata is coughing up blood (hemoptysis). This may result in life-threatening hemorrhage, though the amount of blood lost is usually inconsequential. Aspergillomata can also form in other organs. They can form abscesses in solid organs such as the brain or kidney, usually in people who are immunocompromised. They can also develop within body cavities such as the sphenoid or paranasal sinuses, the ear canal, and rarely on surfaces such as heart valves. The most common organ affected by aspergilloma is the lung."
"Body louse The body louse (""Pediculus humanus humanus"", sometimes called ""Pediculus humanus corporis"") is a louse that infests humans. The condition of being infested with head lice, body lice, or pubic lice is known as pediculosis. Body lice are vectors for the transmission of the human diseases epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever. The body louse genome sequence analysis was published in 2010. ""Pediculus humanus humanus"" (the body louse) is indistinguishable in appearance from ""Pediculus humanus capitis"" (the head louse) but will interbreed only under laboratory conditions. In their natural state, they occupy different habitats and do not usually"
"climates. The infection is spread by direct contact with lesions or with nasal carriers. The incubation period is 1–3 days after exposure to ""Streptococcus"" and 4–10 days for ""Staphylococcus"". Dried streptococci in the air are not infectious to intact skin. Scratching may spread the lesions. Impetigo is usually diagnosed based on its appearance. It generally appears as honey-colored scabs formed from dried serum, and is often found on the arms, legs, or face. If a visual diagnosis is unclear a culture may be done to test for resistant bacteria. Other conditions that can result in symptoms similar to the common"
"of immune cells called mast cells and basophils. Both of these are involved in the acute inflammatory response. Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other inflammatory chemical mediators (cytokines, interleukins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) into the surrounding tissue causing several systemic effects, such as vasodilation, mucous secretion, nerve stimulation, and smooth muscle contraction. This results in runny nose, itchiness, shortness of breath, and potentially anaphylaxis. Depending on the individual, the allergen, and the mode of introduction, the symptoms can be system-wide (classical anaphylaxis), or localized to particular body systems; asthma is"
"Pediculosis Pediculosis is an infestation of lice (blood-feeding ectoparasitic insects of the order Phthiraptera). The condition can occur in almost any species of warm-blooded animal (i.e. mammals and birds), including humans. Although ""pediculosis"" in humans may properly refer to lice infestation of any part of the body, the term is sometimes used loosely to refer to ""pediculosis capitis"", the infestation of the human head with the specific head louse. Pediculosis may be divided into the following types: Head-lice infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families. Approximately 3% of school children in the United States contract head"
"on the face, hands and wrists. The loss of skin pigmentation is particularly noticeable around body orifices, such as the mouth, eyes, nostrils, genitalia and umbilicus. Some lesions have increased skin pigment around the edges. Those affected by vitiligo who are stigmatized for their condition may experience depression and similar mood disorders. Although multiple hypotheses have been suggested as potential triggers that cause vitiligo, studies strongly imply that changes in the immune system are responsible for the condition. Vitiligo has been proposed to be a multifactorial disease with genetic susceptibility and environmental factors both thought to play a role. The"
"should avoid contact with others and eliminate sharing of clothing or linens. Children with impetigo can return to school 24 hours after starting antibiotic therapy as long as their draining lesions are covered. Antibiotics, either as a cream or by mouth, are usually prescribed. Mild cases may be treated mupirocin ointments. In 95% of cases, a single 7-day antibiotic course results in resolution in children. It has been advocated that topical antiseptics are not nearly as efficient as topical antibiotics, and therefore should not be used as a replacement. More severe cases require oral antibiotics, such as dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, or"
"(nail infection). In most instances, these are less severe, and curable with effective antifungal treatment. People with deficient immune systems—such as patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, chemotherapy for leukaemia, or AIDS—are at risk of more disseminated disease. Acute invasive aspergillosis occurs when the immune system fails to prevent ""Aspergillus"" spores from entering the bloodstream via the lungs. Without the body mounting an effective immune response, fungal cells are free to disseminate throughout the body and can infect major organs such as the heart and kidneys. The most frequently identified pathogen is ""Aspergillus fumigatus""—a ubiquitous organism that is capable of"
"comfort . Conversely but uncommonly, some men choose to remove their underarm hair for aesthetic reasons or to reduce friction in sports such as swimming. Breast cancer typically spreads via lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes found in the axilla. Excessive perspiration can result in axillary intertrigo. Intertrigo is an inflamed skin condition caused by heat, friction, and moisture. A warm, wet underarm may accommodate the growth of pathogenic bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. The condition is responsible for rash-like symptoms, pustules, or chronic itching or burning in the underarm. Axillary intertrigo is common among those who work in hot environments."
"predominantly in particular tissues. Details vary according to species. Some of the worst pathogens invade lymphatic vessels and may be numerous enough to clog them. Some species invade deep connective tissues; some infest subcutaneous connective tissue, causing unbearable itching. Some invade the lungs or serous cavities such as the pleural cavity, or pericardial cavity. Wherever established, they may survive for years, the fertilized females continuously producing motile embryos called microfilariae rather than eggs. A microfilaria cannot reproduce in the definitive host and cannot infect another definitive host directly, but must make its way through the host's body to where an"
"but also includes cutaneous blisters. Other mucosal surfaces, the conjunctiva, nose, esophagus, penis, vulva, vagina, cervix, and anus, may also be affected. Flaccid blisters over the skin are frequently seen with sparing of the skin covering the palms and soles. Blisters commonly erode and leave ulcerated lesions and erosions. A positive Nikolsky sign (induction of blistering in normal skin or at the edge of a blister) is indicative of the disease. Severe pain with chewing can lead to weight loss and malnutrition. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a life-threatening chronic autoimmune disease where the serum autoantibodies respond to the cell surface"
"does cause epithelium damage. Human parainfluenza virus typically results in inflammation of the nose, throat, and bronchi. In young children when it affects the trachea it may produce the symptoms of croup due to the small size of their airways. The distinction between viral upper respiratory tract infections is loosely based on the location of symptoms with the common cold affecting primarily the nose, pharyngitis (the throat), and bronchitis (the lungs). However, there can be significant overlap and multiple areas can be affected. The common cold is frequently defined as nasal inflammation with varying amount of throat inflammation. Self-diagnosis is"