"was trapped by ice near the Chukchi Peninsula in the Soviet Far East. The icebreaker broke a channel through the ice pack and managed to lead about 2,000 whales to the open sea. In 1956, the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union decided to increase the importance and capacity of the Northern Sea Route. This ambitious plan called for the construction of stronger and more powerful icebreakers, including the world's first nuclear-powered icebreaker ""Lenin"", that could overcome the challenging ice conditions and extend the navigating season in the Russian Arctic. The new icebreaker designs were developed"
"2013, Quark Expeditions was listing the ""50 Years of Victory"" in the company fleet and offering it for a North Pole cruise. Nuclear-powered icebreaker A nuclear-powered icebreaker is a nuclear-powered ship purpose-built for use in waters covered with ice. The only country constructing nuclear-powered icebreakers is Russia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers have been constructed by the USSR and later Russia primarily to aid shipping along the Northern Sea Route in the frozen Arctic waterways north of Siberia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers are much more powerful than their diesel-powered counterparts, and although nuclear propulsion is expensive to install and maintain, very heavy fuel demands and"
"Nuclear-powered icebreaker A nuclear-powered icebreaker is a nuclear-powered ship purpose-built for use in waters covered with ice. The only country constructing nuclear-powered icebreakers is Russia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers have been constructed by the USSR and later Russia primarily to aid shipping along the Northern Sea Route in the frozen Arctic waterways north of Siberia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers are much more powerful than their diesel-powered counterparts, and although nuclear propulsion is expensive to install and maintain, very heavy fuel demands and limitations on range, compounded with the difficulty of refueling in arctic region, can make diesel vessels less practical and economical overall for"
"NS Savannah NS ""Savannah"" was the first nuclear-powered merchant ship. It was built in the late 1950s at a cost of $46.9 million (including a $28.3 million nuclear reactor and fuel core) and launched on July 21, 1959. It was funded by United States government agencies. ""Savannah"" was a demonstration project for the potential use of nuclear energy. The ship was named after , the first steamship to cross the Atlantic ocean. It was in service between 1962 and 1972 as one of only four nuclear-powered cargo ships ever built. (Soviet ice-breaker ""Lenin"" launched on December 5, 1957, was the"
"1959. It had a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain in which the nuclear reactor was used to produce steam for turbogenerators, which in turn produced electricity for propulsion motors. Starting from 1975, the Russians commissioned six ""Arktika""-class nuclear icebreakers of which the last, 2007-built ""50 Let Pobedy"", is the largest and most powerful icebreaker in the world at . In addition, two shallow-draft ""Taymyr""-class nuclear icebreakers were built in Finland for the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. The Soviets also built a nuclear-powered icebreaking cargo ship, ""Sevmorput"", which had a single nuclear reactor and a steam turbine directly coupled to the propeller"
"waters and are usually used from the Yenisei River to Dikson, where they break through the ice followed by cargo ships with lumber from Igarka and cargo ships with ore and metals from the Norilsk Company's port in Dudinka. The icebreakers have also been used for a number of scientific expeditions in the Arctic. On August 17, 1977, was the first surface vessel in the world to reach the North Pole. Since 1989, some icebreakers have been used for Arctic tourist cruises. In all, ten civilian nuclear-powered vessels have been built in the USSR and Russia. Nine of these are"
"the 23,500 ton of six vessels, launched beginning in 1975. These vessels have two reactors and are used in deep Arctic waters. NS ""Arktika"" was the first surface vessel to reach the North Pole. For use in shallow waters such as estuaries and rivers, shallow-draft, ""Taymyr""-class icebreakers are being built in Finland and then fitted with their single-reactor, nuclear propulsion system in Russia. They are built to conform to international safety standards for nuclear vessels. The following are ships that are or were in commercial or civilian use and have nuclear marine propulsion. All nuclear-powered icebreakers have been commissioned by"
"nuclear icebreaker, a ""universal"" vessel that could navigate both shallower rivers and the freezing depths of the Arctic. Russian s are used to force through the ice for the benefit of cargo ships and other vessels along the Northern Sea Route, which comprises the eastern part of the Barents Sea, the Pechora Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the Eastern Siberian Sea to the Bering Strait. Other important ports include Dikson, Tiksi, and Pevek. Of six ""Arktika""-class icebreakers built in 1975–2007, four are currently in service. Two shallow-draft nuclear-powered icebreakers, ""Vaygach"" and ""Taymyr"", have been built for shallow"
"was able to run over and crush pack ice. Pilot (icebreaker) Pilot ( (Paĭlot) was a Russian icebreaker, the world's first steam-powered and metal-ship icebreaker of modern type. ""Pilot"" had originally been built as a steam-powered propeller tug. It had the bow altered to achieve an ice-clearing capability (20° raise from keel line). Conversion had been done in 1864 under an order of its owner, the local merchant Mikhail Britnev. This allowed ""Pilot"" to push itself on the top of the ice and consequently break it. It's said that M.O. Britnev fashioned the bow of his ship after the shape"
"8 December 1953. This diplomacy led to the dissemination of reactor technology to U.S. institutions and worldwide. The first nuclear power plant built for civil purposes was the AM-1 Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, launched on 27 June 1954 in the Soviet Union. It produced around 5 MW (electrical). After World War II, the U.S. military sought other uses for nuclear reactor technology. Research by the Army and the Air Force never came to fruition; however, the U.S. Navy succeeded when they steamed the USS ""Nautilus"" (SSN-571) on nuclear power 17 January 1955. The first commercial nuclear power station, Calder Hall"
"Pilot (icebreaker) Pilot ( (Paĭlot) was a Russian icebreaker, the world's first steam-powered and metal-ship icebreaker of modern type. ""Pilot"" had originally been built as a steam-powered propeller tug. It had the bow altered to achieve an ice-clearing capability (20° raise from keel line). Conversion had been done in 1864 under an order of its owner, the local merchant Mikhail Britnev. This allowed ""Pilot"" to push itself on the top of the ice and consequently break it. It's said that M.O. Britnev fashioned the bow of his ship after the shape of old wooden Pomor boats (kochs), which had been"
"Yermak (1898 icebreaker) Yermak () was a Russian and later Soviet Union icebreaker, the first polar icebreaker in the world, having a strengthened hull shaped to ride over and crush pack ice. ""Yermak"" was built for the Imperial Russian Navy under the supervision of vice-admiral S. O. Makarov by the members of his commission, which included D. I. Mendeleev, engineers N. I. Yankovsky and R. I. Runeberg, admiral F. F. Wrangel, among others. It was built in Newcastle upon Tyne at its Low Walker yard and launched in 1898. She was named after the famous Russian explorer of Siberia, Don"
"the nuclear-powered Russian ice-breaker NS ""50 Let Pobedy"". The vessel was put into service by Murmansk Shipping Company, which manages all eight Russian state-owned nuclear icebreakers. The keel was originally laid in 1989 by Baltic Works of Leningrad (now St Petersburg), and the ship was launched in 1993 as the NS ""Ural"". This icebreaker was intended to be the sixth and last of the Arktika class, and currently is the world's largest icebreaker. Today, most icebreakers are needed to keep trade routes open where there are either seasonal or permanent ice conditions. While the merchant vessels calling ports in these"
"first nuclear-powered civil ship.) ""Savannah"" was deactivated in 1971 and after several moves has been moored at Pier 13 of the Canton Marine Terminal in Baltimore, Maryland, since 2008. In 1955, President Dwight Eisenhower proposed building a nuclear-powered merchant ship as a showcase for his ""Atoms for Peace"" initiative. The next year, Congress authorized ""Savannah"" as a joint project of the Atomic Energy Commission, the Maritime Administration (MARAD), and the Department of Commerce. She was designed by George G. Sharp, Incorporated, of New York City. Her keel was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Corporation at Camden, New Jersey."
"war, Seaborg and others would file hundreds of initially classifed patents, most notably Eugene Wigner and Alvin Weinberg's Patent #2,736,696, on a conceptual light water reactor (LWR) that would later become the United States' primary reactor for naval propulsion and later take up the greatest share of the commercial fission-electric landscape. The United Kingdom, Canada, and the USSR proceeded to research and develop nuclear energy over the course of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Electricity was generated for the first time by a nuclear reactor on December 20, 1951, at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho, which initially"
"Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy The United States Navy at one time had nuclear powered cruisers as part of its fleet. The first such ship was USS ""Long Beach"" (CGN-9). Commissioned in late summer 1961, she was the world's first nuclear powered surface combatant. She was followed a year later by USS ""Bainbridge"" (DLGN-25). While ""Long Beach"" was a 'true cruiser', meaning she was designed and built as a cruiser, ""Bainbridge"" began life as a frigate, though at that time the Navy was using the hull code ""DLGN"" for ""destroyer leader, guided missile, nuclear"". This was prior"
"Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy The United States Navy at one time had nuclear powered cruisers as part of its fleet. The first such ship was USS ""Long Beach"" (CGN-9). Commissioned in late summer 1961, she was the world's first nuclear powered surface combatant. She was followed a year later by USS ""Bainbridge"" (DLGN-25). While ""Long Beach"" was a 'true cruiser', meaning she was designed and built as a cruiser, ""Bainbridge"" began life as a frigate, though at that time the Navy was using the hull code ""DLGN"" for ""destroyer leader, guided missile, nuclear"". This was prior"
"USS Nautilus (SSN-571) USS ""Nautilus"" (SSN-571) was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine and the first submarine to complete a submerged transit of the North Pole on 3 August 1958. Sharing names with Captain Nemo's fictional submarine in Jules Verne's classic 1870 science fiction novel ""Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"", and named after another that served with distinction in World War II, the new atomic powered ""Nautilus"" was authorized in 1951, with laying down for construction in 1952 and launched in January 1954, attended by Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States, wife of 34th President Dwight D."
"Nuclear Landmark. Visitors may tour the forward two compartments, with guidance from an automated system. Despite similar alterations to exhibit the engineering spaces, tours aft of the control room are not permitted due to safety and security concerns. USS Nautilus (SSN-571) USS ""Nautilus"" (SSN-571) was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine and the first submarine to complete a submerged transit of the North Pole on 3 August 1958. Sharing names with Captain Nemo's fictional submarine in Jules Verne's classic 1870 science fiction novel ""Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"", and named after another that served with distinction in World War"
"another reactor designed and operated by Argonne National Laboratory). The world's first commercial scale nuclear power station, Obninsk in the Soviet Union, began generation with its reactor AM-1 on 27 June 1954. Other early nuclear power plants were Calder Hall in England, which began generation on 17 October 1956, and the Shippingport Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, which began on 26 May 1958. Nuclear power was used for the first time for propulsion by a submarine, the USS ""Nautilus"", in 1954. In 1972, the French physicist Francis Perrin discovered fifteen ancient and no longer active natural nuclear fission reactors in"
"in the Summer of 1990; this may have been the first non-communist charter of a nuclear icebreaker. ""Rossiya"" was in refit as of December 2004. The NS ""Sovetskiy Soyuz"" (""Soviet Union"") was trapped in ice for three days in 1998. In 2004 it was one of three icebreakers used for an Arctic ice core expedition intended to research climate change and global warming. The NS ""Yamal"" is mostly used for tourism and scientific expeditions. It has 50 passenger cabins and suites, and carries one helicopter. The crew is 150, including 50 officers and engineers. ""Yamal"" was the 12th surface ship"
"only countries that currently have nuclear-powered civilian surface ships, including icebreakers and Aircraft carriers. America currently (as of July 2018) has 11 Aircraft carriers in service, and all are powered by nuclear reactors. They use nuclear reactors as their power plants. For more detailed articles see: Russia's Channel One Television news broadcast a picture and details of a nuclear-powered torpedo called ""Status-6"" on about 12 November 2015. The torpedo was stated as having a range of up to 10,000 km, a cruising speed of 100 knots, and operational depth of up to 1000 metres below the surface. The torpedo carried"
"be carefully scrapped. In all, about 2,000 people work aboard the icebreakers, the nuclear-powered container ship, and aboard the service and storage ships stationed at the Atomflot harbour. The crew on the civil nuclear-powered vessels receive special training at the Makarov college in St. Petersburg, Russia. Icebreakers generally try to navigate paths with the least possible ice in order to make speedier progress and to help ensure that they do not become trapped in ice too thick for them to break. In the 1970s and 1980s, land-based aircraft would observe and map the ice to help with course plotting. Over"
"specifications: Three OK-150s were used to power the Soviet icebreaker ""Lenin"" at the time of its launch in 1957. Later, after damage caused by nuclear accidents in 1965 and 1967, these were removed and replaced with two OK-900s. OK-150 reactor The OK-150 reactor (1st generation) and its successor, the OK-900 reactor (2nd generation) are Soviet marine nuclear fission reactors used to power ships at sea. They are pressurized water reactors (PWRs) that use enriched uranium-235 fuel. They have been used in various Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker ships. The reactor was developed by OKBM. OK-150 specifications: Distilled water was used for heat"
"produced about 100 kW. In 1953, American President Dwight Eisenhower gave his ""Atoms for Peace"" speech at the United Nations, emphasizing the need to develop ""peaceful"" uses of nuclear power quickly. This was followed by the 1954 Amendments to the Atomic Energy Act which allowed rapid declassification of U.S. reactor technology and encouraged development by the private sector. The first organization to develop nuclear power was the U.S. Navy, with the S1W reactor for the purpose of propelling submarines and aircraft carriers. The first nuclear-powered submarine, , was put to sea in January 1954. The trajectory of civil reactor design"
"Krassin (1917 icebreaker) The first icebreaker Krassin () was built for the Imperial Russian Navy as Svyatogor. She had a long, distinguished career in rescue operations, as well as a pathfinder and explorer of the Northern Sea Route. She has been fully restored to operating condition and is now a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. The icebreaker was built by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle upon Tyne under the supervision of Yevgeny Zamyatin. The vessel was launched as the ""Svyatogor"" on 3 August 1916 and completed in February 1917. Up to the beginning of the 1950s she remained the most powerful"
"This amounts to a maximum speed of on open water, full speed of , and an average speed of while icebreaking thick level ice. Arktika-class icebreaker The ""Arktika"" class is a Russian (former Soviet) class of nuclear-powered icebreakers. Formerly known as ""Project 10520 nuclear-powered icebreaker"", they were the largest and most powerful icebreakers until the 2016 launch of the ship named Arktika. Ships of the ""Arktika"" class are owned by the federal government, but were operated by the Murmansk Shipping Company (MSCO) until 2008, when they were transferred to the fully government-owned operator Atomflot. Of the ten civilian nuclear-powered vessels"
"50 Let Pobedy NS ""50 Let Pobedy"" (), translated as ""50 Years of Victory"" or ""Fiftieth Anniversary of Victory"" (referring to victory of USSR over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War), is a Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker. Construction on project no. 10521 started on October 4, 1989, at the Baltic Works in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), USSR. Originally the ship was named NS ""Ural"". Work was halted in 1994 for lack of funds, so that the actual fiftieth anniversary of Victory Day, in 1995, found the ship in an abandoned state. Construction was restarted in 2003. On 30 November 2004,"
"Usage of Nuclear Energy in Ship-Building and Seafare. The first German nuclear vessel, the ""NS Otto Hahn"", was launched in 1962. A research reactor was installed in Geesthacht near Hamburg at about the same time which has over the years formed into a center for materials research with neutrons. Dr. Bagge developed a gaseous uranium enrichment device (""Isotopenschleuse"" or ""isotope sluice"") for enriching the U-235 isotope content of uranium in 1944, using three methods; centrifugal force, electromagnetism and thermal diffusion. It was built by BAMAG-MEGUIN under the direction of Kurt Diebner. Yellow cake uranium oxide powder was reacted with hydrofluoric"
"of continuous, round-the-clock work. This high-latitude Arctic work was supervised by expedition leader Vladimir Sokolov. Yamal (icebreaker) NS ""Yamal"" () is a Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker operated by Atomflot (formerly by the Murmansk Shipping Company). It is named after the Yamal Peninsula in Northwest Siberia; the name means ""End of the Land"" in Nenets. Laid down in Leningrad in 1986, and launched in October 1992, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, it filled its designed role of keeping shipping lanes open and also carried passengers on Arctic excursions. In July of 1994 ""Yamal"" took an excursion to the North Pole,"
"his dystopian novel ""We"", Zamyatin refers to the specifications of ""St. Alexander Nevsky"" in the names of some of his characters. Lenin (1916 icebreaker) Lenin () was a Russian icebreaker originally built in England for the Russian Empire. Launched in 1916, before going into service for Russia, the ship first served in the Royal Navy during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. It was eventually acquired by the Soviet Union and served through World War II, eventually being finally scrapped in 1977. The ship, ordered by the Russian Empire, was laid down in June 1916 by Armstrong Whitworth"
"shaft. Russia, which remains the sole operator of nuclear-powered icebreakers, is currently building a new icebreakers to replace the aging ""Arktika"" class. The first vessel of this type is expected to enter service in 2017. The 1969-built Canadian polar icebreaker CCGS ""Louis S. St-Laurent"" was one of the few icebreakers fitted with steam boilers and turbogenerators that produced power for three electric propulsion motors. It was later refitted with five diesel engines, which provide better fuel economy than steam turbines. Later Canadian icebreakers were built with diesel-electric powertrain. The most powerful conventional (non-nuclear) icebreakers in the world, two Polar-class icebreakers"
"Naval Reactors Facility in Idaho. Bettis Laboratory and Naval Reactors Facility were operated initially and for many decades afterwards by Westinghouse. The first nuclear-powered vessel, the submarine , put to sea in 1955. USS ""Nautilus"" marked the beginning of the transition of submarines from relatively slow and short-ranged conventional submarines to ones capable of sustaining 20–25 knots (35–45 km/h) submerged for weeks on end. Much of the early development work on naval reactors was done at the Naval Reactor Facility on the campus of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL, previously INEL). USS ""Nautilus"" was powered by the S2W reactor, and"