"Glass frog The glass frogs are frogs of the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura). While the general background coloration of most glass frogs is primarily lime green, the abdominal skin of some members of this family is transparent. The internal viscera, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, are visible through the skin, hence the common name is given as glass frog. Glass frogs are arboreal, meaning they mainly live in trees, and only come out for mating season. The first described species of Centrolenidae was the ""giant"" ""Centrolene geckoideum"", named by Marcos Jiménez de la Espada in 1872, based"
"dark cross bands. The ventral parts are typically white, with the throat and breast more or less speckled with brown spots. Males have internal vocal sacs and oval flat glands on the inner side of their arms. Males also have a strong pad on the inner side of the first finger, covered during the breeding season with a greyish brown velvet-like horny layer. The frogs' common name is derived from the small bronze-coloured strips that appear on either side of the lower jaw, between the snout and the posterior point of the forelimbs, within a week after metamorphosis. The species"
"film and be passed into their bloodstream. This may be one of the causes of the worldwide decline in frog populations. Frogs range in size from the recently discovered ""Paedophryne amauensis"" of Papua New Guinea to the goliath frog (""Conraua goliath"") of Cameroon. The skin hangs loosely on the body because of the lack of loose connective tissue. Frogs have three eyelid membranes: one is transparent to protect the eyes underwater, and two vary from translucent to opaque. They have a tympanum on each side of their heads which is involved in hearing and, in some species, is covered by"
"on the other hand has a more heavily pigmented yellowish-green upperside (but also the characteristic spots, which led to them being confused). The back has a smooth shagreen-like texture, while the entirely transparent belly skin has a grainy surface. The forward quarter to half of the parietal (outer) peritoneum is white, while the rest is transparent, allowing to see the frog's interior. The pericardium and the inner peritoneum covering the gastrointestinal tract are white, while the inner peritoneum protecting the brown lobes of the liver is also transparent except for the anterior tip (where some iridophores may be present). The"
"the lower surface of the body, which is transparent. Glass frogs are similar in appearance to some green frogs of the genus ""Eleutherodactylus"" and to some tree frogs of the family Hylidae. However, hylid tree frogs have eyes that face to the side, whilst those of glass frogs face forward. Some species of green tree frogs (especially juveniles), such as ""Hyloscirtus palmeri"" and ""Hypsiboas pellucens"", have the transparent abdominal skin typical of glass frogs, but they also have calcars on the heels, a character not present in any species of the Centrolenidae. Two members of the glass-frog family Centrolenidae (Centrolenella"
"""R. japonica"" occurs in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu in Japan to the southern region of China. Within Japan, it inhabits mostly hillsides and plains, and is rarely seen in mountain ranges. More specifically, the brown frog resides in temperate grasslands, hillsides, plains, rivers, swamps, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land. By combining two types of recessive genes that cause frogs to become translucent, a breed of ""Rana japonica,"" popularly called ""see-through frogs"", were produced by Japanese scientists in 2007 to see the frog's organs, blood cells, and eggs without dissection. The skin is not clear, but translucent. Cancer growths"
"usually sport a chevron-shaped spot on the back of their neck and a dark spot behind the eye. Unlike other amphibians, common frogs generally lack a mid-dorsal band but, when they have one, it is comparatively faint. In many countries moor frogs have a light dorsal band which easily distinguishes them from common frogs. The underbelly is white or yellow (occasionally more orange in females) and can be speckled with brown or orange. The eyes are brown with transparent horizontal pupils, and they have transparent inner eyelids to protect the eyes while underwater, as well as a 'mask' which covers"
"about the interactions and basic ecology even though their population is decreasing. As a result of phylogenetic analysis, Blanchard's cricket frog is now sometimes treated as the species ""Acris blanchardi"" rather than the subspecies ""Acris crepitans blanchardi"". Blanchard's cricket frogs have warty skin that is usually brown, gray, tan, or olive green, with darker bands of color on the legs. Their skin is also known to be extremely vascularized which can cause things to get through there bodies very fast and increase the effects of diseases they are exposed to. A dark, triangular mark between the eyes is frequently seen."
"Theloderma corticale Theloderma corticale (common names: mossy frog, Vietnamese mossy frog, and Tonkin bug-eyed frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is found in northern Vietnam and possibly in China and adjacent Laos. The common name ""mossy frog"" arises from the fact that its skin is a mottled green and brown that resembles moss growing on rock, and forms an effective form of camouflage. They have large sticky pads on their toes and a soft underbelly. The females will grow larger than the males and can reach sizes of . This species will curl into a"
"have completely transparent venters, white liver, and white bones. It was erected in 2009; its species composition has not changed afterwards. There are two species: Celsiella Celsiella is a small genus of glass frogs endemic to Venezuela. It was established in 2009 and named in honour of Josefa Celsa Señaris, nicknamed ""Celsi"", a Venezuelan herpetologist who had worked with glass frogs. The ventral parietal peritoneum is white anteriorly and transparent posteriorly. The bones are pale green or green. Male ""Celsiella"" call from, and females deposit their eggs on the underside or upper side of leaves. Tentative evidence suggests that males"
"throat. Tadpoles of the western chorus frog have gray or brown bodies. Their body shape is round with clear tail fins and dark flecks. The intestinal coil reportedly can be seen through the belly skin if closely observed. Their lips are black. ""P. triseriata"" was once considered a subspecies of the southern chorus frog, ""P. nigrita"", but was reclassified as its own species with four subspecies: ""P. t. triseriata"", ""P. t. kalmi"", ""P. t. maculata"", and ""P. t. feriarum"". These have since been granted species status, meaning ""P. triseriata"" as described here has no subspecies This chorus frog has a"
"diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath, and no tail. Frogs have glandular skin, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Their skins varies in colour from well-camouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or yellow and black to show toxicity and ward off predators. Adult frogs live in fresh water and on dry land; some species are adapted for living underground"
"Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum, also known as the Rio Azuela glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in lower montane rainforests on the Amazonian Andean slopes in Ecuador and Peru. The specific name ""pellucidum"" is Latin for ""transparent"" and refers to the transparent parietal peritoneum of this species. This frog is about the size of a fingernail: males measure and females about in snout–vent length. The snout is truncated. The tympanum is partially hidden under skin. Dorsal skin is slightly granular. The dorsum is pale green with diffuse yellow dots. The fingers and"
"transparent hepatic peritoneum, whereas the ventral parietal peritoneum is white in its anterior part and transparent in its poster part. The digestive tract is translucent. In terms of osteology, ""Sachatamia"" possess vomerine teeth and quadratojugal bone that is articulating with maxilla. The humeral spines are present in adult males of some of the species. While distinct from most other glass frogs, there are no characters that could unambiguously place a species in ""Sachatamia"" or in the genus ""Rulyrana""; genetic data are needed for an unambiguous allocation. The two genera, however, have disjunct distribution areas (""Rulyrana"" are found in the Amazon"
"into several areas into folds with ridges that represent the posterior and genital pores. The reproduction of ""Megalodiscus temperatus"" are displayed in the stomach and rectum of frogs and tadpoles. The snails that are diffused with miracidia releases cercariae into the water to penetrate the skin of frogs. The frogs regularly cast off the outer layers of the skin which results in their exposure to metaceriae. The metaceriae remains in the rectum of the frog and matures in the time span of four months. Tadpoles are less commonly infected, but when infected they are infected by the ingestion of cercaria."
"conspicuous tympanum has a diameter around and is separated from the eye by about in adults. Goliath frog eggs and tadpoles are about the same size as other frogs despite their very large adult form. A lateral fold extends from the eye to the posterior portion of the tympanum. Toes are fully webbed, with large interdigital membranes extending down to the toe tips. The second toe is the longest. The skin on the dorsum and on top of the limbs is granular. Dorsal coloration is green sienna, while the abdomen and ventral part of the limbs are yellow/orange. They have"
"width of the space between the frog's eyes. Kassina maculata Kassina maculata is a frog species of the family Hyperoliidae. They are silvery greyish-brown with dark brown to black spots, and derive their name from bright red coloring on the ventral side of their hind legs. Adult body length is typically 6 to 7.5 centimeters. These frogs have vertical pupils. Common names include red-legged running frog, brown-spotted tree frog, red-legged Kassina, red-legged pan frog, spotted running frog, tiger leg running frog, and vlei frog. ""K. maculata"" is endemic to the tropical and sub-tropical areas of Africa's east coast (Kenya, Tanzania,"
"Their ventral skin is a whitish color, and the dorsal and ventral skin is separated by a dark brown lateral stripe from the eyes to the groin. Females have white throats, while males have golden brown throats with large (folded) vocal sacs. The head of ""H. arborea"" is rounded, the lip drops strongly, the pupil has the shape of a horizontal ellipse, and the tympanum is clearly recognizable. The discs on the frog's toes, which it uses to climb trees and hedges, is a characteristic feature of ""H. arborea"" . Like other frogs, their hind legs are much larger and"
"well-developed disks. Its subarticular tubercles are well developed, while the inner metatarsal tubercle is oval and blunt with a small, round, outer metatarsal tubercle and no tarsal fold. The tibiotarsal articulation reaches from the nostril to the tip of the snout and sometimes a little beyond it. The skin of these frogs is smooth or finely granulate above, with a narrow glandular lateral fold. While the dorsal regions are brown coloured, the loreal and temporal regions, and sometimes also the sides of the body are dark brown in colour. A white labial band can also be seen. Its limbs have"
"skin, and are less likely to live near water. Most frogs and toads are responsible for controlling the Earth's insect population, since their diet consists mostly of insects and spiders. However, the green eyed-tree frog is also a carnivore. As a tadpole, the frogs mostly consume algae and plants. Frogs have a moist and permeable skin layer covered with mucous glands, which enables them to breathe through their skin, not just their lungs. The layer of mucus that covers them also acts as a shield, protecting them from scratches. The reason frogs have large and protruding eyes is to make"
"Some international trade in frog legs occurs for human consumption. Bullfrogs are used in biology classes in schools for dissection and are sometimes kept as pets. Some authorities use the scientific name, ""Lithobates catesbeiana"", although others prefer ""Rana catesbeiana"". The specific name, ""catesbeiana"" (feminine) or ""catesbeianus"" (masculine), is in honor of English naturalist Mark Catesby. The dorsal (upper) surface of the bullfrog has an olive-green basal color, either plain or with a mottling and banding of grayish brown. The ventral (under) surface is off-white blotched with yellow or gray. Often, a marked contrast in color is seen between the green"
"up for their lack of a neck. This eye feature allows them to see everything around them. The color scheme of the green-eyed tree frog is to camouflage them from predators. Frogs with bright colors are alerting predators of their poisonous nature. Described as ""Hyla serrata"" by Andersson in 1916, this species was subsequently brought into synonymy with ""Litoria genimaculata"". In 2010, it was removed from synonymy and is regarded as a separate species from its New Guinea congener. The specific epithet, ""serrata"", refers to the serrated skin flaps that are located along its legs. Coloration is variable. While dark"
"to amphibian conservation. ""Rulyrana"" have moderate to extensive webbing between the third and fourth fingers. The dorsum is lavender in preserved individuals and may have spots. Internal features include green bones (in live specimens), lobed liver that is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum, whereas the ventral parietal peritoneum is white in its anterior part and transparent in its poster part. The digestive tract is translucent. In terms of osteology, ""Rulyrana"" have dentigerous process in the vomer and—usually—vomerine teeth. The humeral spines are not present. While distinct from most other glass frogs, there are no characters that could unambiguously place"
"Toad Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction between frogs and toads is not made in scientific taxonomy, but is common in popular culture (folk taxonomy), in which toads are associated with drier skin and more terrestrial habitats. In scientific taxonomy, toads are found in the families Bufonidae, Bombinatoridae, Calyptocephalellidae,Discoglossidae,Myobatrachidae, Pelobatidae, Rhinophrynidae,Scaphiopodidae and Microhylidae. Usually the largest of the bumps on the skin of a toad are those that cover the parotoid glands. The bumps are"
"Tomato frog Tomato frogs are any of the three species of genus Dyscophus (family Microhylidae): ""D. antongilii"", ""D. insularis"", or ""D. guineti"". ""Dyscophus"" is the only genus in subfamily Dyscophinae. They are endemic to Madagascar The common name comes from ""D. antongilii""'s bright red color. When threatened, a tomato frog puffs up its body. When a predator grabs a tomato frog in its mouth, the frog's skin secretes a thick substance that numbs up the predator's eyes and mouth, causing the predator to release the frog to free up its eyes. The gummy substance contains a toxin that occasionally causes"
"threatened by habitat loss caused by smallholder farming and logging. Ex-situ conservation programs have begun to help save this interesting creature. Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum, also known as the Rio Azuela glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in lower montane rainforests on the Amazonian Andean slopes in Ecuador and Peru. The specific name ""pellucidum"" is Latin for ""transparent"" and refers to the transparent parietal peritoneum of this species. This frog is about the size of a fingernail: males measure and females about in snout–vent length. The snout is truncated. The tympanum is"
"Hyalinobatrachium dianae Hyalinobatrachium dianae, also known as Diane's bare-hearted glass frog, (or a Kermit frog due to its peculiar appearance) is a species of Costa Rican glass frog in the family Centrolenidae. ""Hyalinobatrachium dianae"" is lime-green in color with transparent skin on its underside that allows one to view its internal organs. Its skin is uniformly colored without any noticeable light or dark variation. ""H. dianae"" has silvery-white irises with small dark spots. The species has bulging white eyes with horizontally-shaped black pupils that resemble those of the Muppet character Kermit the Frog. UPI remarked """"Hyalinobatrachium dianae"" has the kind-hearted"
"the top of the head, a position better suited for detecting prey in the water above. The irises come in a range of colours and the pupils in a range of shapes. The common toad (""Bufo bufo"") has golden irises and horizontal slit-like pupils, the red-eyed tree frog (""Agalychnis callidryas"") has vertical slit pupils, the poison dart frog has dark irises, the fire-bellied toad (""Bombina spp."") has triangular pupils and the tomato frog (""Dyscophus spp."") has circular ones. The irises of the southern toad (""Anaxyrus terrestris"") are patterned so as to blend in with the surrounding camouflaged skin. The distant"
"skin that is bright green above and on sides. Tympanum is distinct. ""H. erythraea"" occurs in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Introduced populations are found on Sulawesi and the Philippines. The similar frogs from northeastern India and adjacent regions, formerly included here, are now separated as ""Hylarana tytleri"". Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, irrigated land, seasonally flooded agricultural land, and introduced vegetation. Common green frog The common green"
"the second. The color of these frogs in life is clay above but darker on the sides with two indefinite transverse light areas, one interorbital and one sacral. There is a dark bar on the cheek below the eye and another from the eye to the rictus covering the tympanum as well as an interrupted interorbital dark bar and obscure dark markings on the back. The limbs have dark cross-bars dorsally and the rear of the thigh has 5-7 narrow vertical dark bars. The throat has a light dusting of melanophores and the vocal sac is black and visible through"
"are almost round. Skin is smooth dorsally. The dorsum is tan, gray, or green and has dark brown or green markings consisting of a broad inter-orbita1 bar that is connected to pair of broad, longitudinal stripes; the latter are partially or completely merged in some specimens. The flanks are bronze-tan to bluish green and have dark brown and/or cream spots. The venter is tan. The iris is copper with fine black reticulations. The vocal sac in calling males is dark gray. Females have a single median brood pouch in which the eggs are brooded until they hatch into froglets. The"
"Glassworm A glassworm is a type of larva of a midge genus called Chaoborus. They are also known as phantom midge larvae, because they are transparent. They can be found commonly in lakes all over the world and can be up to . The adults are sometimes called phantom midges or lake flies. Glassworms are almost entirely transparent, except for pairs of black kidney-shaped structures in the front and the back of the body. These dots are the air sacs. They use these air sacs to migrate up and down in lakes. Glassworms breathe through the end of their abdomen"
"of the nostril and continues through the eye to the tympanum. The arms and legs have 7-8 narrow dark bars. The flanks have scattered dark spots and blotches. The top third of the iris is silvery to pale blue, the bottom two thirds are brown. The upper lip is spotted with brown. The ventral surface is smooth and pale yellow or white. The toes are three-quarters webbed. The frog was named after Australian naturalist David Fleay. This species is associated with flowing streams and creeks in rainforest and adjacent wet scleophyll and Antarctic Beech forest. Males make a ""ok-ok-ok-ok-ok"" or"