"""Années de pèlerinage"", as well as his arrangement of Schubert's ""Ave Maria"" for the musicians. Debussy in later years described Liszt's pedalling as ""like a form of breathing."" Debussy and Vidal performed their piano duet arrangement of Liszt's Faust Symphony; allegedly, Liszt fell asleep during this. The composer Camille Saint-Saëns, an old friend, whom Liszt had once called ""the greatest organist in the world"", dedicated his Symphony No. 3 ""Organ Symphony"" to Liszt; it had premiered in London only a few weeks before the death of its dedicatee. Liszt died in Bayreuth, Germany, on July 31, 1886, at the age"
"in 1890. He died in Austria, either in Grimmenstein or Vienna. He composed for the opera, including ""Muzzedin"" (1883), ""Heini von Steier"" (1884), and ""Der Fuchs-Major"" (1889). His memoirs were published posthumously, in 1914, under the title ""Aus verklungenen Zeiten; Erinnerungen eines alten Musikers"". Sigismund Bachrich Sigismund Bachrich (23 January 1841 – 16 July 1913), aka Sigmund Bachrich or Siegmund Bachrich, was a Hungarian composer, violinist, and violist of Jewish origin. He was born in Žabokreky in 1841. He studied violin at the Vienna Conservatoire from 1851 to 1857 with Joseph Böhm. He was Kapellmeister at the Paris Théâtre Lyrique"
"Karl Scheidemantel Karl Scheidemantel (29 January 1859 – 26 June 1923) was a baritone singer, and later an opera director. Born in Weimar, the son of a Weimar court artist, Scheidemantel found great success in various roles in the operas of Richard Wagner. Among his supporters were Bodo Borchers in Weimar, well known voice teacher Julius Stockhausen in Frankfurt, and composer Franz Liszt. At the age of 25 he joined the ensemble of the Dresden Hofoper where he was named Kammersänger, ""Chamber Singer to the Saxon Grand Duke"" in 1884. He sang at the 1886, 1888, 1891, and 1892 Bayreuth"
"Bayreuth canon The Bayreuth canon consists of those operas by the German composer Richard Wagner (1813–1883) that have been performed at the Bayreuth Festival. The festival, which is dedicated to the staging of these works, was founded by Wagner in 1876 in the Bavarian town of Bayreuth, and has continued under the directorship of his family since his death. Although it was not originally held annually, it has taken place in July and August every year since the 75th anniversary season in 1951. Its venue is the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which was built for the first festival. Attendance at the festival"
"composer Richard Wagner, who lived in Bayreuth from 1872 until his death in 1883. Wagner's villa, ""Wahnfried"", was constructed in Bayreuth under the sponsorship of King Ludwig II of Bavaria, and was converted after World War II into a Wagner Museum. In the northern part of Bayreuth is the Festival Hall, an opera house specially constructed for and exclusively devoted to the performance of Wagner's operas. The premieres of the final two works of Wagner's ""Ring Cycle"" (""Siegfried"" and ""Götterdämmerung""); the cycle as a whole; and of ""Parsifal"" took place here. Every summer, Wagner's operas are performed at the Festspielhaus"
"Hans-Joachim Koellreutter Hans-Joachim Koellreutter (2 September 1915 – 13 September 2005) was a German composer, teacher and musicologist. Koellreutter was born in Freiburg and lived in Brazil from 1937 onward, where he became one of the country's most influential musicians. In Brazil Koellreuter taught many prominent composers, including Gilberto Mendes, Claudio Santoro, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Denis Mandarino, Jayme Amatnecks, among others. He brought the theory of atonal music to Brazil, creating the group """"Musica Viva"""" and inflating the debate between the ""Nationalists"" and ""Serialists"". While the former group believed in the use of folklore material for the development of their"
"thereafter arranged for violin or cello and piano. The piano version was published in 1885, with minor changes (this version is today usually called ""La lugubre gondola II""). This was the only version of this piece published in Liszt's lifetime. Wagner died in Venice on February 13, 1883, and the long funeral procession to Bayreuth began with the funeral gondola to Venice's Santa Lucia railway station. Liszt was by now almost certainly considering the piece to be a Wagner memorial, and in 1885 he returned to the string version and replaced the last three bars with a twenty-bar coda. This"
"in Munich, aged 63. Notes Sources Heinrich Baermann Heinrich Joseph Baermann (also spelled Bärmann; 14 February 1784 – 11 June 1847) was a German clarinet virtuoso of the Romantic era who is generally considered as being not only an outstanding performer of his time, but highly influential in the creation of several important composers' works for his instrument. Baermann was born in Potsdam. In his youth, Baermann took lessons from Joseph Beer (1744–1811) at the military school in Potsdam. After his prowess came to the attention of the Berlin court in 1804, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia had the 20-year-old"
"to complete studio recordings of all the works in the canon, starting in 1958 with ""Das Rheingold"" and finishing in 1986 with ""Lohengrin"". The components of the canon are as follows: festival, 2725 performances have been given at the Bayreuth Festival of the operas in the canon, distributed as in the following table. Bayreuth canon The Bayreuth canon consists of those operas by the German composer Richard Wagner (1813–1883) that have been performed at the Bayreuth Festival. The festival, which is dedicated to the staging of these works, was founded by Wagner in 1876 in the Bavarian town of Bayreuth,"
"Bayreuth Festival The Bayreuth Festival () is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented. Wagner himself conceived and promoted the idea of a special festival to showcase his own works, in particular his monumental cycle """" and ""Parsifal"". Performances take place in a specially designed theatre, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Wagner personally supervised the design and construction of the theatre, which contained many architectural innovations to accommodate the huge orchestras for which Wagner wrote as well as the composer's particular vision about the staging of his"
"until 1886. His writings were well known to Liszt and Wagner; he also proposed the formation of the ""Allgemeiner Deutscher Musikverein"", with which Liszt was involved. He composed three operas and a ballet, and wrote books of musical study. He also wrote educational works for piano. He died in Königsberg. Louis Köhler Christian Louis Heinrich Köhler (5 September 1820 – 16 February 1886) was a German composer, conductor and piano teacher. Köhler was born in Braunschweig. He studied piano in Vienna under Carl Maria von Bocklet, Simon Sechter and Ignaz von Seyfried. As a conductor, he worked in Marienburg and"
"of 74, officially as a result of pneumonia, which he may have contracted during the Bayreuth Festival hosted by his daughter Cosima. Questions have been posed as to whether medical malpractice played a part in his death. He was buried on August 3, 1886, in the municipal cemetery of Bayreuth against his wishes. ""Many musicians consider Liszt to be the greatest pianist who ever lived."" The critic Peter G. Davis has opined: ""Perhaps [Liszt] was not the most transcendent virtuoso who ever lived, but his audiences thought he was."" According to pianist Kiril Gerstein, “He was possibly the greatest pianist"
"Hans Winderstein Hans Wilhelm Gustav Winderstein (29 October 1856 in Lüneburg, Hanover – 23 June 1925) was a German conductor and composer. Winderstein studied from 1877 to 1880 at Leipzig Conservatoire, under Henry Schradieck and Fr. Hermann (violin), E. Fr. Richter and W. Rust (theory). He also played in the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. From 1880 to 1884, he led Baron von Derwies' private orchestra at Nice after which he was violin teacher at the Winterthur Conservatoire in Switzerland until 1887. He then conducted an orchestra at Nuremberg for three years. From 1890 to 1893 he conducted the concerts of the"
"to 1911 at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin. A victim of the flu epidemic, he died on 2 August 1918 in Plattling. Martin Krause Martin Krause (17 June 18532 August 1918) was a German concert pianist, piano teacher, music critic, and writer. Martin Krause was born in Lobstädt, Saxony as the youngest son of the choirmaster and church schoolmaster Johann Carl Friedrich Krause in Lobstädt. He initially attended the teacher training college in Borna, then he became a pupil of Franz Liszt and later established himself as a piano teacher and writer on music in Leipzig, where he founded the"
"Siegfried Wagner Siegfried Wagner (6 June 18694 August 1930) was a German composer and conductor, the son of Richard Wagner. He was an opera composer and the artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival from 1908 to 1930. Helferich Siegfried Richard Wagner, nicknamed ""Fidi,"" was born in 1869 to Richard Wagner and his future wife Cosima (née Liszt), at Tribschen on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Through his mother, he was a grandson of Franz Liszt, from whom he received some instruction in harmony. Some youthful compositions date from about 1882. After he completed his secondary education in 1889, he studied with"
"Philharmonic Societies of Nuremberg and Fürth. Between 1893 and 1896 Winderstein directed the newly established Kaim Orchestra. In Leipzig in 1896 he organized, the ""Winderstein Orchestra."" He conducted this group of 60 musicians continually until at least 1918. Winderstein founded the philharmonic concerts at Leipzig and Halle, and made successful concert tours to other cities. From 1898 to 1899 he conducted the Leipzig ""Singakademie."" His compositions for orchestra include ""Trauermarsch"", ""Valse-Caprice"", and ""Ständchen"". Winderstein also wrote several works for violin and piano. Hans Winderstein Hans Wilhelm Gustav Winderstein (29 October 1856 in Lüneburg, Hanover – 23 June 1925) was a"
"See List of operas by Siegfried Wagner Siegfried Wagner Siegfried Wagner (6 June 18694 August 1930) was a German composer and conductor, the son of Richard Wagner. He was an opera composer and the artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival from 1908 to 1930. Helferich Siegfried Richard Wagner, nicknamed ""Fidi,"" was born in 1869 to Richard Wagner and his future wife Cosima (née Liszt), at Tribschen on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Through his mother, he was a grandson of Franz Liszt, from whom he received some instruction in harmony. Some youthful compositions date from about 1882. After he completed his"
"Cosima Wagner Cosima Wagner (born Francesca Gaetana Cosima Liszt; 24 December 1837 – 1 April 1930) was the illegitimate daughter of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt and Marie d'Agoult. She became the second wife of the German composer Richard Wagner, and with him founded the Bayreuth Festival as a showcase for his stage works; after his death she devoted the rest of her life to the promotion of his music and philosophy. Commentators have recognised Cosima as the principal inspiration for Wagner's later works, particularly ""Parsifal"". In 1857, after a childhood largely spent under the care of her"
"Hans von Bülow Hans Guido Freiherr von Bülow (8 January 183012 February 1894) was a German conductor, virtuoso pianist, and composer of the Romantic era. One of the most famous conductors of the 19th century, his activity was critical for establishing the successes of several major composers of the time, especially Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms. Alongside Carl Tausig, Bülow was perhaps the most prominent of the early students of Hungarian virtuoso pianist, conductor and composer Franz Liszt—therein performed the first public performance of Liszt's Sonata in B minor in 1857. He became acquainted with, fell in love and eventually"
"compositions, the latter believed that the more rational approach of the European school was the path to truly contemporary works. This debate played a central role in the esthetic developments of Brazilian classical music throughout the 20th Century. Koellreutter died in São Paulo, Brazil, 11 days after his 90th birthday. Hans-Joachim Koellreutter Hans-Joachim Koellreutter (2 September 1915 – 13 September 2005) was a German composer, teacher and musicologist. Koellreutter was born in Freiburg and lived in Brazil from 1937 onward, where he became one of the country's most influential musicians. In Brazil Koellreuter taught many prominent composers, including Gilberto Mendes,"
"Richard Strauss Richard Georg Strauss (; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include ""Der Rosenkavalier"", ""Elektra"", ""Die Frau ohne Schatten"" and ""Salome""; his Lieder, especially his ""Four Last Songs""; his tone poems, including ""Don Juan"", ""Death and Transfiguration"", ""Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks"", ""Also sprach Zarathustra"", ""Ein Heldenleben"", ""Symphonia Domestica"", and ""An Alpine Symphony""; and other instrumental works such as ""Metamorphosen"" and his Oboe Concerto. Strauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying quasi-celebrity status"
"hut at the Attersee, Upper Austria, and one at the Wörthersee in Carinthia. Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian late-Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th century Austro-German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century. While in his lifetime his status as a conductor was established beyond question, his own music gained wide popularity only after periods of relative neglect which included a ban on its performance in much of Europe during the Nazi"
"quite limited in Western Europe. Hermann Abendroth died of a stroke, during a surgical procedure, in Jena, on 29 May 1956. A state funeral was then granted for him. Abendroth was amongst the first German music directors who released studio records regularly. His production spanned from mid-1920s, until his death. Nowadays, Abendroth is being successfully rediscovered by a collection of CDs, published since mid-1990s, consisting mainly of his works for the ""Radio Symphony Orchestra"" of Leipzig of since 1953. Hermann Abendroth Hermann Paul Maximilian Abendroth (19 January 1883 – 29 May 1956) was a German conductor. Abendroth was born on"
"was especially active in directing the famous Wagner performances at the Prinzregententheater up to 1903, in which year, on September 4, he died suddenly, aged 53. Among his compositions were: a fairy opera, ""Anhana"" (Berlin, 1880), ""Die verwunschene Prinzessin"", operettas """" (Hamburg, 1886), ""Karin"" (Hamburg, 1888), and ""Polnische Wirtschaft"" (Berlin, 1891). At his death the score of another opera, ""Sawitri"", was found incomplete and was scored by Gustav von Roessler, and produced at Schwerin. Hermann Zumpe Hermann Zumpe (9 April 1850 – 4 September 1903) was a German conductor and composer. Born in Oppach, Saxony, Zumpe grew up in Taubenheim"
"in Berlin, where he died. He composed many types of music. He was most notable for overtures, symphonies, harpsichord concerti, quartets, trios, duets for a solo instrument and obbligato harpsichord, and sonatas for harpsichord. Christoph Schaffrath Christoph Schaffrath (1709 in Hohnstein 7 February 1763 in Berlin) - a German musician and composer of the late Baroque to Classical transition era. Schaffrath was born in Hohnstein. He applied to be organist at the Sophienkirche in Dresden, but did not receive this position (Wilhelm Friedemann Bach was favoured for it). He did serve in the court of the Crown Prince Frederick (Frederick"
"of Spain. In 1803 or 1804, Rudolph began taking lessons in piano and composition from Ludwig van Beethoven. The two became friends, and Rudolph became a supporter and patron of Beethoven; their meetings continued until 1824. Beethoven dedicated 14 compositions to Rudolph, including the ""Archduke"" Trio, the ""Hammerklavier"" Sonata, the ""Emperor"" Concerto and the ""Missa Solemnis"". Rudolph, in turn, dedicated one of his own compositions to Beethoven. The letters Beethoven wrote to Rudolph are today kept at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. Schubert and Ferdinand Ries also dedicated works to Rudolf. On 24 March 1819 aged 31 Rudolph was"
"Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau (28 May 1925 – 18 May 2012) was a German lyric baritone and conductor of classical music, one of the most famous Lieder (art song) performers of the post-war period, best known as a singer of Franz Schubert's Lieder, particularly """"Winterreise"""" of which his recordings with accompanist Gerald Moore and Jörg Demus are still critically acclaimed half a century after their release. Recording an array of repertoire (spanning centuries) as musicologist Alan Blyth asserted, ""No singer in our time, or probably any other has managed the range and versatility of repertory achieved by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau. Opera,"
"and notable works. A few examples: In 1880, German composer Richard Wagner encountered difficulty in getting ""Parsifal"" performed in Bayreuth. Annoyed because of his large expenditures on the Festival Theater, the venue at which he had intended to hold the performance, and bureaucratic opposition, he said in a letter to American dentist Newell S. Jenkins: ""It seems to me as if, in my hopes of regarding Germany and her future, my patience would very soon be exhausted."" In a display of his notorious ego, Wagner proposed that if an American organization would give him $1,000,000, he would agree to come"
"Bach was familiar with Buxtehude's work and admired him, as has been related above. Organ music Dieterich Buxtehude Dieterich Buxtehude (; , ; c. 1637/39 – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period. His organ works represent a central part of the standard organ repertoire and are frequently performed at recitals and in church services. He composed in a wide variety of vocal and instrumental idioms, and his style strongly influenced many composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach. Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque. He is"
"piano and winds Op.80, a quintet for piano and string quartet Op.20 and several instrumental sonatas. In addition to the above, several unpublished compositions remain in manuscript awaiting publication. Wilhelm Altmann, one of the most influential and perceptive chamber music critics of all time, writing of Thieriot's chamber music, states: """"Thieriot's chamber music is without exception noble and pure. He writes with perfect command of form and expression."""" Thieriot died in Hamburg. Ferdinand Thieriot Ferdinand Thieriot (April 7, 1838 – July 31, 1919) was a German composer of Romantic music and cellist. Thieriot was born in Hamburg. He was a"
"Selective bibliography Richard Strauss Richard Georg Strauss (; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. He is known for his operas, which include ""Der Rosenkavalier"", ""Elektra"", ""Die Frau ohne Schatten"" and ""Salome""; his Lieder, especially his ""Four Last Songs""; his tone poems, including ""Don Juan"", ""Death and Transfiguration"", ""Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks"", ""Also sprach Zarathustra"", ""Ein Heldenleben"", ""Symphonia Domestica"", and ""An Alpine Symphony""; and other instrumental works such as ""Metamorphosen"" and his Oboe Concerto. Strauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying"
"participated as a composer of opera works and ""Singspiele"", as well as an actor and director. Today she features in a sound-and-light presentation for tourists. After her death in 1758, performances ceased and the building went into disuse, one reason for its good conservation status. More than one hundred years later, the stage's great depth of attracted the composer Richard Wagner, who in 1872 chose Bayreuth as festival centre and had the ""Festspielhaus"" built north of the town. The foundation stone ceremony was held on 22 May, Wagner's birthday, and included a performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, directed by"
"took up the same post in Duisburg. In 1936 he collaborated with Marcel Rubin and Friedrich Wildgans to organize a series of concerts in Vienna, entitled ""Music of the Present"". On 15 May 1942 he was deported by the Nazis to Izbica. He was killed on 10 or 11 July 1942 in the Majdanek/Lublin concentration camp. Ernst Bachrich Ernst Bachrich (30 May 1892 or 1893 – 11 July 1942) was an Austrian composer, conductor, and pianist. He composed piano music, chamber music and Lieder. Born in 1892 or 1893 in Vienna, he studied law at the University of Vienna. He"