"by a military ceremony in the Treptow Park in Berlin, with the presence of Russian President Yeltsin and German Chancellor Kohl. Although the bulk of the British, American, and French Forces had left Germany even before the departure of the Russians, the ceremony marking the withdrawal of the remaining Forces of the Western Allies was the last to take place: on 8 September 1994, a Farewell Ceremony in the courtyard of the Charlottenburg Palace, with the presence of British Prime Minister John Major, American Secretary of State Warren Christopher, French President François Mitterrand, and German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, marked the"
"alignment and affiliation to Western alliances like NATO and the European Union. The official German reunification ceremony on 3 October 1990 was held at the building, including Chancellor Helmut Kohl, President Richard von Weizsäcker, former Chancellor Willy Brandt and many others. One day later, the parliament of the united Germany would assemble in an act of symbolism in the Reichstag building. However, at that time, the role of Berlin had not yet been decided upon. Only after a fierce debate, considered by many as one of the most memorable sessions of parliament, the concluded on 20 June 1991, with quite"
"under the Chancellor of West Germany Helmut Kohl, who also announced the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990, it was decided to refurbish the area around the Bundestag into a modern government complex. As part of this effort, there were plans to extend the U5 from its current western terminus at Alexanderplatz through the city centre, past the Brandenburg Gate and the Bundestag, to the new central train station, Berlin Hauptbahnhof. This ""Kanzlerlinie"" (Chancellor Line), so nicknamed because it passed through the government quarter, was originally planned since the as a diagonal line through central Berlin, continuing to Turmstraße"
"German reunification The German reunification () was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR, colloquially East Germany; German: ) became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, colloquially West Germany; German: ) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then (constitution) Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany. The East German government"
"since Karl Dönitz in May 1945. At midnight on 3 October 1990, during the official festivities held before the Reichstag building in Berlin to mark the moment of the reunification of Germany, President Weizsäcker delivered the only speech of the night, immediately after the raising of the flag, and before the playing of the National Anthem. His brief remarks, however, were almost inaudible, due to the sound of the bells marking midnight, and of the fireworks that were released to celebrate the moment of reunification. In those remarks he praised the accomplishment of German unity in freedom and in peace."
"Reunification clause The Reunification clause was part of the preamble of the German Constitution. As a whole, it is known as the German Basic Law. The preamble was in force from 1949 until 1990. The preamble ended with the sentence: The jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany therefrom resulted in a constitutional prerogative, which was binding to all governmental entities, to regain German Unity and work toward achieving this objective. At the time, an attempt was made by oppositional parties to the social-liberal administrative coalition headed by German Chancellor Willy Brandt to block the ratification of the Basic"
"in October 1990, German reunification. At the hitherto important Carola Bluhm's career prospects disappeared. In 1990 she was informed succinctly in writing that she was being temporarily laid off (""""in Warteschleife geschickt"""") and six months later, her job disappeared permanently (although according to her own website she remained, at least formally, an employee of the Berlin Economics Academy till early in 1991). Unemployment, hitherto a theoretical issue that she had researched and on which she had taught as an academic, became her personal reality. The old Socialist Unity Party (""""Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands"""" / SED), hitherto the ruling party in the"
"that time, he was widely considered to be one of Kohl's closest advisers. In a cabinet reshuffle Schäuble was made Minister of the Interior on 21 April 1989. In this role he also led the negotiations on behalf of the Federal Republic of Germany for reunification with the GDR in 1990. He and East German State Secretary Günther Krause signed the Unification Treaty on 31 August 1990. In a speech to parliament in 1991, Schäuble clinched the argument in favour of moving the German capital from Bonn to Berlin. In the 1990s Schäuble was one of the most popular politicians"
"had not received instructions from Moscow to engage in violent suppression of any uprising, as they had done back in 1953. That opened the way for a series of changes which led to an end for one-party dictatorship and then, formally in October 1990, German reunification. The state for which Felgner and her Stasi handlers had worked no longer existed. Armed with an (apparently embellished) background as a qualified nurse with a school graduation certicate and some kind of degree in business administration from the Free University of Berlin, Felgner launched herself in the new Germany as a business woman."
"1994 he was finally defeated by a landslide that was the biggest on record, for the left in the 1998 federal elections, and was succeeded as Chancellor by Gerhard Schröder of the SPD. Kohl is best known for orchestrating reunification with the approval of all the Four Powers from World War II, who still had a voice in German affairs. During the summer of 1989, rapid changes known as ""peaceful revolution"" or ""Die Wende"" took place in East Germany, which quickly led to German reunification. Growing numbers of East Germans emigrated to West Germany, many via Hungary after Hungary's reformist"
"On 3 October 1990 East Germany and West Germany were reunified, hence East Germany became part of the Community in the new reunified Germany (not increasing the number of states). A key person in the Community creation process was Jean Monnet, regarded as the ""founding father"" of the European Union, which is seen as the dominant force in European integration. Martin Schulz proposed the abolition of the National parliaments of the European Union and their replacement by the European Parliament for the establishment of the United States of Europe where every Head of government will be appointed by the representative"
"Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when Helmut Kohl, the West German chancellor, walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow, the East German prime minister. Demolition of the rest of the wall around the area took place the following year. During 1990, the quadriga was removed from the gate as part of renovation work carried out by the East German authorities following the fall of the wall in November 1989. Germany was officially reunified in October 1990. The Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of six million euros. It was once again opened"
"German Reunification in 1990. Until then, she had (wrongly) assumed that her husband was being held somewhere in custody. The sentence against Teske was overturned in 1993, and two of the jurists involved were sentenced for perversion of justice in 1998. These rulings were justified by the fact that the original decision had been disproportionate even according to East German law, since Teske had planned but never actually committed the offenses he was sentenced for. Werner Teske Werner Teske (24 April 1942 – 26 June 1981) was a Hauptmann (Captain) of the Ministry for State Security of East Germany who"
"context of reunification, the parliament was subsumed into an enlarged version of the (hitherto West) German Bundestag. As part of the arrangements agreed, 144 of the 400 Volkskammer members - including 33 from the SDP - transferred to the enlarged Bundestag, but Lippmann was not among them. During 1990 Lippmann also became a member of the SPD party executive for Thuringia, which was formally reinstated as a federal state (""""Bundesland"""") in October. The restoration of Thuringia's status as a political region was accompanied by the return of the regional parliament (""""Landtag""""). Elections were held on 14 October 1990: Frieder Lippmann"
"de Maizière (CDU). In his term of office, he frequently worked with Hans Dietrich Genscher, as he was one of the representatives of the two German states during the ""Two Plus Four Negotiations"" with the victors of the Second World War over a Final Peace Treaty. It was this treaty which paved the way to the reunification of Germany. On 20 August 1990, Meckel, together with the Social Democratic ministers, withdrew from the cabinet. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was taken over by de Maizière himself. After Germany was reunified on 3 October 1990, Meckel became a member of German"
"Between 12 April and 3 October 1990 Meyer served as the German Democratic Republic's last Minister for Minister for Education and the Arts. His responsibilities included participation as leader of the East German delegation at the between May and September 1990. The commission was mandated to adapt an education system that would be implemented across a unified Germany. The commission's output was summarized in the Reunification Treaty (Articles 37 & 38) which came into force in October 1990 and was then implemented both at government level and on the ground. In August 1990 the East German CDU (party) formally merged"
"served as private residence of the Chancellor and his family 1964-1999. Nearly ten years after the German reunification in 1990, in the summer of 1999, most of the German government moved to Berlin. The Chancellery was temporarily housed in the former GDR State Council building ""(Staatsratsgebäude)"" as the new Chancellery building was not yet finished at the time. The spectacular as well as controversial monumental building ensemble of the new Federal Chancellery was designed by the Berlin architects Axel Schultes and Charlotte Frank by a joint venture of Royal BAM Group's subsidiary Wayss & Freytag and the Spanish Acciona, during"
"in April 1990. He was not one of those who had participated in the election, and during the run up to reunification the government no longer employed fifteen junior ministers with responsibility for individual industry sectors: however, Launck continued to work in the Economics Ministry as a deputy departmental director under the government of Lothar de Maizière, which continued in office till the formal reunification of Germany in October 1990. Hans Joachim Lauck Hans-Joachim Lauck (born Freyburg (Unstrut) 27 September 1937) was a Minister for Heavy Plant and Machinery Construction in the German Democratic Republic. Lauck was born into a"
"the former Allies of World War II to allow German reunification. He received assurances from Gorbachev that a reunified Germany would be able to choose which international alliance it wanted to join, although Kohl made no secret that he wanted the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats at NATO and the EC. A reunification treaty was signed on 31 August 1990, and was overwhelmingly approved by both parliaments on 20 September 1990. On 3 October 1990, East Germany officially ceased to exist, and its territory joined the Federal Republic as the five states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and"
"event known as the German Reunification. Elections for new state parliaments were held in the five states on October 14, and the Christian Democratic Union of Germany became the largest party in all states except Brandenburg, where the Social Democratic Party of Germany became the largest party. The reunified Berlin became the capital of Germany on October 3, although the government continued to have its seat in Bonn until 1999. December 2 marks the first elections for the city parliament after reunification. The first federal election after reunification, the German federal election, 1990, took place on December 2 in that"
"History of Germany since 1990 The history of Germany since 1990 spans the period following the Reunification of Germany, when West Germany and East Germany were reunited after being divided during the Cold War. Germany after 1990 is referred to by historians as the Berlin Republic (""Berliner Republik""). This time period is also determined by the ongoing process of the ""inner reunification"" of the formerly divided country. On October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic was dissolved, five states were recreated (Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia) and the new states became part of the Federal Republic of Germany, an"
"leader of East Germany until free elections were held on 18 March 1990—the first held in that part of Germany since 1933. The SED, renamed the Party of Democratic Socialism, was heavily defeated. Lothar de Maizière of the East German Christian Democratic Union became Prime Minister on 4 April 1990 on a platform of speedy reunification with the West. The two Germanies were reunified on 3 October 1990. The Kremlin's willingness to abandon such a strategically vital ally marked a dramatic shift by the Soviet superpower and a fundamental paradigm change in international relations, which until 1989 had been dominated"
"re-unified Germany, Bush pushed for German reunification alongside West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Gorbachev also resisted the idea of a reunified Germany, especially if it became part of NATO, but the upheavals of the previous year had sapped his power at home and abroad. Gorbachev agreed to hold ""Two-Plus-Four"" talks among the U.S., the Soviet Union, France, Britain, West Germany, and East Germany, which commenced in 1990. After extensive negotiations, Gorbachev eventually agreed to allow a reunified Germany to be a part of NATO. With the signing of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Germany officially"
"Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Germany as a ""full democracy"" in 2017. After 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany had Christian Democratic chancellors for 20 years until a coalition between the Social Democrats and the Liberals took over. From 1982, Christian Democratic leader Helmut Kohl was chancellor in a coalition with the Liberals for 16 years. In this period fell the reunification of Germany, in 1990: the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic. In the former GDR's territory, five ""Länder"" (states) were established or reestablished. The two parts of Berlin united as one ""Land"" (state). The political system of"
"and no less decided on the downfall of the German Democratic Republic as of 3 October 1990"". (Jubilant cheers from the CDU/DA, DSU and SPD.) On 3 November 2004, the Federal Chancellor, Gerhard Schröder, suggested that the ""Day of the German Unity"" be celebrated on a Sunday, for economic reasons. Instead of 3 October, the National Reunification should be celebrated on the first Sunday of October. This suggestion received a lot of criticism from many sides, amongst them from Federal President Horst Köhler as well as the President of the Bundestag, Wolfgang Thierse. The demand worried a part of the"
"the Berlin/Bonn Act, adopted in 1994, Berlin once again became the capital of the reunified Germany, while Bonn obtained the unique status of a ""Bundesstadt"" (federal city) retaining some federal ministries. The relocation of the government was completed in 1999. Following the 1998 elections, SPD politician Gerhard Schröder became the first Chancellor of a red–green coalition with the Alliance '90/The Greens party. Among the major projects of the two Schröder legislatures was the Agenda 2010 to reform the labour market to become more flexible and reduce unemployment. The modernisation and integration of the eastern German economy is a long-term process"
"of the Alliance 90. From German Reunification on 3 October 1990 until the elections of 2 December 1990, she was a member of the Bundestag, the Parliament of Germany. In October 1990, she became a member of the state parliament of Brandenburg, and in November, she was appointed as Minister for Education in the state government of Minister-President Manfred Stolpe. She resigned from the parliament in the summer of 1992 and, in protest over Stolpe's Stasi contacts, from the cabinet in October the same year. From 1993 to 1994, Birthler was co-spokesperson (i.e., leader, with Ludger Volmer) of the Alliance"
"prosperous economy in Europe. Under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, West Germany built strong relationships with France, the United States, and Israel. West Germany also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community (later to become the European Union). East Germany stagnated as its economy was largely organized to meet the needs of the Soviet Union; the secret police (Stasi) tightly controlled daily life, and the Berlin Wall (1961) ended the steady flow of refugees to the west. Germany was reunited in 1990, following the decline and fall of the SED as the ruling party of the GDR. At"
"the East German counterpart of Kohl's CDU, which ran on a platform of speedy reunification. On 18 May 1990, Kohl signed an economic and social union treaty with East Germany. This treaty stipulated that when reunification took place, it would be under the quicker provisions of Article 23 of the Basic Law. That article stated that any new states could adhere to the Basic Law by a simple majority vote. The alternative would have been the more protracted route of drafting a completely new constitution for the newly reunified country, as provided by Article 146 of the Basic Law. An"
"calling for the two Germanys to expand their cooperation with a view toward eventual reunification. Initially, no timetable was proposed. However, events rapidly came to a head in early 1990. First, in March, the Party of Democratic Socialism—the former Socialist Unity Party of Germany—was heavily defeated in East Germany's first free elections. A grand coalition was formed under Lothar de Maizière, leader of the East German wing of Kohl's Christian Democratic Union, on a platform of speedy reunification. Second, East Germany's economy and infrastructure underwent a swift and near-total collapse. While East Germany was long reckoned as having the most"
"on 3 October 1990 Germany and Berlin were both reunited. By then the Wall had been almost completely demolished, with only small sections remaining. In June 1991 the German Parliament, the Bundestag, voted to move the (West) German capital back from Bonn to Berlin. The decision was reached after 10 hours of debate. In the voting Berlin won by a narrow margin: 338 for, 320 against. Berlin once more became the capital of a unified Germany. In 1999 federal ministries and government offices moved back from Bonn to Berlin, but most employees in the ministries still work in Bonn. Also"
"the CDU meant that the task of forming a new East German government fell to the party chairman, Lothar de Maizière. In April Christa Schmidt was appointed as a minister, mandated to head up the newly formed Ministry for Family and Women (""""Ministerium für Familie und Frauen""""). The ended in the context of German reunification on 3 October 1990, when what had been East Germany was incorporated into the German Federal Republic. 144 of the 400 members who had sat as members of the now defunct East German Volkskammer since March 1990 now became members of a newly enlarged Bundestag"
"of East Germans supported parties like the CDU in the ""Alliance for Germany"" (""Allianz für Deutschland""), which stood for quick re-unification with West Germany. Unification came on 3 October 1990. Schorlemmer remained politically active. He was leader of the SPD in Wittenberg town council from 1990 to 1994. He is chairman of the Willy Brandt Society (""Willy-Brandt-Kreis""). He is one of the editors of the journal ""Der Freitag"" (""Friday""; a weekly with a daily online edition) and of the monthly ""Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik"". As a member of the German centre of International PEN, the association of writers,"