"welcomed to the court once again. She went with Madame de Fiesque and Madame de Frontenac, wife of the future Governor General of New France. Having never been to Saint-Fargeau before, she was unaware of the state of the building and thus stayed at a small residence in Dannery having been received by the bailiff of her estates. Convinced to return to Saint-Fargeau, she settled into her home for the next four years and soon began to improve the building under the direction of François Le Vau, brother of the renowned architect Louis Le Vau. Le Vau redid the exteriors"
"Le Vau to construct an immense new palace at Versailles, to augment a smaller palace transformed from a hunting lodge by Louis XIII. This gradually became, over the decades, the master work of the Louis XIV style. Following the death of Le Vau in 1680, Jules Hardouin-Mansart took over the Versailles project; he broke away from the picturesque projections and dome and made a more sober and uniform facade of columns, with a flat roof topped by a balustrade and row of columns (1681). He used the same style to harmonize the other new buildings he created at Versailles, including"
"by Louis Le Vau, built for the King's chief of finance Nicolas Fouquet and completed in 1658. Louis XIV charged Fouquet with theft, put him prison, and took the building for himself. The design was strongly influenced by the classicism of François Mansart. It combined a facade dominated and rhymed by colossal classical columns, beneath a dome, imported from the Italian Baroque architecture, along with a number of original features, such as a semicircular salon which looked out on the vast French formal garden created by André Le Nôtre. Based on the success of Vaux le Vicomte, Louis XIV selected"
"to sell the large library he had collected, in order to settle his debts. Lemercier died in Paris. Other French architects of the first half of the 17th century: Jacques Lemercier Jacques Lemercier (c. 1585 Pontoise – 13 January 1654 Paris) was a French architect and engineer, one of the influential trio that included Louis Le Vau and François Mansart who formed the classicizing French Baroque manner, drawing from French traditions of the previous century and current Roman practice the fresh, essentially French synthesis associated with Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII. Lemercier was born in Pontoise. He was the son"
"by other hands. It should also be noted that after Le Vau's death, d'Orbay was passed over and not promoted into Le Vau's post, which remained vacant. Jules Hardouin Mansart was made principal architect of Versailles in 1678, after which d'Orbay resumed his former job as draughtsman (now under Mansart). Mansart was promoted to Premier Architecte du Roi in 1681. D'Orbay did however execute some independent work in the latter part of his career: D'Orbay died in Paris. Notes Sources François d'Orbay François d'Orbay (1634–1697) was a French draughtsman and architect who worked closely with Louis Le Vau and Jules"
"Jacques Lemercier Jacques Lemercier (c. 1585 Pontoise – 13 January 1654 Paris) was a French architect and engineer, one of the influential trio that included Louis Le Vau and François Mansart who formed the classicizing French Baroque manner, drawing from French traditions of the previous century and current Roman practice the fresh, essentially French synthesis associated with Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII. Lemercier was born in Pontoise. He was the son of a master mason, probably Nicolas Lemercier, one of a large interrelated tribe of professionals. Profiting by a voyage to Italy with a long stay in Rome, presumably from"
"the Bâtiments du Roi, working mainly as a draughtsman under Le Vau, the Premier Architecte du Roi. D'Orbay produced numerous drawings for the Louvre, Versailles, and the Collège des Quatre-Nations. After Le Vau's death in 1670, d'Orbay was left in charge of completing much of the ongoing work, sometimes introducing significant changes to Le Vau's original designs. At Versailles he is thought to have been primarily responsible for the design of the (decorated by Charles Le Brun), although d'Orbay apparently relied very heavily on an earlier design by Claude Perrault for a stairway at the Louvre. In 1671 d'Orbay became"
"Luc Le Vaillant Luc Le Vaillant (born 1958, Landivisiau) is a French journalist. Since 2000, he runs the ""Portrait"" section of the daily ""Libération"". The son of a general practitioner and a mother professor of Italian and French, he is the eldest of a family of six children. He spent his childhood at Plougasnou where he became passionate about sailing, leading him to frequent the French Olympic team. After studying philosophy at Brest and the Sorbonne, he graduated from the of Paris in 1984, and began his career in sailing magazines. He was director of the French Committee for the"
"Louis Louvet Louis Alexandre Louvet (7 February 1899 – 15 March 1971) was a French tram driver, proofreader, anarcho-syndicalist activist and anarchist. He wrote for many anarchist journals. Louis Alexandre Louvet was born in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris on 7 February 1899. During World War I (1914–18) he was mobilized on 19 April 1918, and remained in the army until December 1919. As a young man Louvet drove an electric tram in Paris. In 1922 he joined the Young Socialists. In November 1924 Louvet became the director of ""Libertaire"", the journal of the ""Union Anarchiste"" (Anarchist Union). In 1925"
"Pacifist Anarchist Pioneers and Militants"", but it did not progress beyond the letter ""B"". Louis Louvet Louis Alexandre Louvet (7 February 1899 – 15 March 1971) was a French tram driver, proofreader, anarcho-syndicalist activist and anarchist. He wrote for many anarchist journals. Louis Alexandre Louvet was born in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris on 7 February 1899. During World War I (1914–18) he was mobilized on 19 April 1918, and remained in the army until December 1919. As a young man Louvet drove an electric tram in Paris. In 1922 he joined the Young Socialists. In November 1924 Louvet became"
"Louis-Charles-François Ledru Louis-Charles-François Ledru (1778-1861) was a French architect. Louis-Charles-François Ledru was born in 1778 in Paris, France. He graduated from the École Polytechnique, where Gaspard Monge was one of his professors. He subsequently took a course in architecture taught by Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand. Ledru became a member of the Académie royale d'architecture circa 1794. Ledru moved to the Auvergne in 1810, where he started a business in asphalt extraction. By 1811, he designed the spa in Le Mont-Dore. By 1820, he designed the townhall, the jailhouse, the slaughterhouse, the market, etc., in Clermont-Ferrand, where he was appointed as chief architect"
"1644) and continued by his younger brother Nicolas Lambert, later president of the Chambre des Comptes. For Nicolas Lambert, the interiors were decorated by Charles Le Brun, François Perrier, and Eustache Le Sueur, producing one of the finest, most-innovative, and iconographically coherent examples of mid-17th-century domestic architecture and decorative painting in France. The entrance gives onto the central square courtyard, around which the ""hôtel"" was built. A wing extends to the right at the rear, embracing a walled garden. At the same time, Louis Le Vau constructed a residence for himself adjacent to the Hôtel Lambert. He lived there between"
"the anti-Semitic journal ""Je suis partout"" but died soon after. His ashes are kept in the (case n°976). Louis Perceau Louis Perceau (22 September 1883 – 20 April 1942) was a 20th-century French polygraph. He used several pseudonyms including ""Helpey bibliographe poitevin"", ""Dr. Ludovico Hernandez"", ""Alexandre de Vérineau"", ""Un vieux journaliste"", ""Radeville et Deschamps"", ""marquis Boniface de Richequeue"", sometimes jointly with Fernand Fleuret. First a tailor, Louis Perceau was in Paris from 1901. He became editor at """" and ""La Vie socialiste"" and his socialist activism earned him the friendship of Jean Jaurès, Gustave Hervé and Albert Thomas, but also"
"Louis Lefèvre‑Gineau Louis Lefèvre-Gineau (7 March 1751 – 3 February 1829), born at Authe (Ardennes), was a French chemist and scientist. Of modest origins, a village elder approached d'Étrépigny to give this intelligent child the basics of knowledge that permitted him to shine in the studies of chemistry and of physics that he pursued at Reims then at Paris. Beginning work with Lavoisier, he studied with him the chemical composition of water. A Deputy under the French revolution, he was a member of the commission charged to define the metric system and it is he who determined the mass of"
"Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban (1 May 163330 March 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban (), was a French military engineer who rose in the service to the king and was commissioned as a Marshal of France. Considered the foremost engineer of his time, Vauban is known for his skills both in designing fortifications and breaking through them; his concepts, inspired by Pagan's """"Les Fortifications"""", were the dominant model of fortification and siegecraft for nearly 100 years. He also advised Louis XIV on how to consolidate France's"
"architect Louis Le Vau built for Louis XIV a pair of isolated ranges mirroring one another across a parterre to one side of the keep, suited for the Queen Mother and Cardinal Mazarin, but rebuilding was never pursued once Versailles occupied all attentions. Some splendid apartments show the earliest phase of Louis XIV style, before the example of Vaux-le-Vicomte presented the Sun King with a worthy model. The unlucky builder of Vaux-le-Vicomte, the minister Nicolas Fouquet, found himself transferred to Vincennes, to much less comfortable lodgings. In 1691, another unwilling lodger was John Vanbrugh, soon to become a playwright and"
"in France) is closely associated with the works built for Louis XIV and Louis XV; it features more geometric order and measure than baroque, and less elaborate decoration on the facades and in the interiors. Louis XIV invited the master of baroque, Bernini, to submit a design for the new wing of the Louvre, but rejected it in favor of a more classical design by Claude Perrault and Louis Le Vau. The principal architects of the style included François Mansart (Chateau de Balleroy, 1626–1636), Pierre Le Muet (Church of Val-de-Grace, 1645–1665), Louis Le Vau (Vaux-le-Vicomte, 1657–1661) and especially Jules Hardouin"
"was appointed president of the Société botanique de France. The plant species ""Sedum chauveaudii"" () commemorates his name. Louis Gustave Chauveaud Louis Gustave Chauveaud (12 December 1859 in Aigre – 1933 in Paris) was a French botanist, known for his studies of plant anatomy. From 1890 to 1895 he was associated with work done in the laboratory of botany at the École pratique des Hautes Études in Paris. In 1888 he received his agrégation for natural sciences, followed by doctorates in sciences (1891) and medicine (1892). For thirty years he served as director of the botanical laboratory at the Faculty"
"Louis Martin-Chauffier Louis Martin-Chauffier, real name Louis Martin, (24 August 1894, Vannes – 6 October 1980, Puteaux) was a 20th-century French journalist and writer and a Resistant. Louis Martin-Chauffier started medical studies and, after his father's death, passed the École nationale des chartes entry competition, where he was received in 1915. During the First World War, however, he was mobilized as an auxiliary doctor. He resumed his studies in 1919 and became an archivist-palaeographer in 1921, the year of his marriage with Simone Duval (1902–1975), translator and novelist. He was then appointed librarian at the bibliothèque Mazarine, then at Florence"
"the most influential art movements in history. Louis Leroy Louis Leroy (1812–1885) was a French 19th-century printmaker, painter, and successful playwright. However, he is remembered as the journalist and art critic for the French satirical newspaper ""Le Charivari"", who coined the term ""impressionists"" to satirise the artists now known by the word. Leroy's review was printed in ""Le Charivari"" on 25 April 1874 with the title """". The term was taken from Claude Monet's painting ""Impression: soleil levant"". Leroy's article took the form of a dialogue between two sceptical viewers of the work: ""Impression I was certain of it. I"
"have formed an early Paris Metro. And again in 1872, 1886 and 1887 he put forward more ideas for an urban transit system in the capital. In cartography, he is also credited with one of the earliest (if not the first) thematic map to use contour lines to display a non-geographic variable on map--- a contour map of the population of Paris in 1874. Louis-Léger Vauthier Louis-Léger Vauthier (6 April 1815 – 5 October 1901) was a French engineer who designed bridges and roadways and was elected to the National Assembly of France in May 1849, as a member for"
"Henri Rousseau Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (; May 21, 1844 – September 2, 1910) was a French post-impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner. He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a toll and tax collector. He started painting seriously in his early forties; by age 49, he retired from his job to work on his art full-time. Ridiculed during his lifetime by critics, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. Rousseau's work exerted an extensive influence on several generations"
"Gustave Le Bon Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (; 7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics. He is best known for his 1895 work """", which is considered one of the seminal works of crowd psychology. A native of Nogent-le-Rotrou, Le Bon qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Paris in 1866. He opted against the formal practice of medicine as a physician, instead beginning his writing career the same year of his graduation. He published a number of medical articles and"
"Georges-Louis Le Sage Georges-Louis Le Sage (; 13 June 1724 – 9 November 1803) was a Genevan physicist and is most known for his theory of gravitation, for his invention of an electric telegraph and his anticipation of the kinetic theory of gases. Furthermore, he was a contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers"". Le Sage was born in Geneva, his father, a descendant of Théodore Agrippa d'Aubigné, was Georges-Louis Le Sage from Couches in Burgundy, and his mother Anne Marie Camp. His father, who was the author of many papers on various"
"unknown parameter is the exact nature of the impact on the subsoil at the Château-Vieux right-of-way during the Prussian occupation in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. Indeed, The Prussians occupied the whole terrace of Meudon, to bombard the capital and follow the operations. The Château-Vieux was the central building of the estate, and the first historical castle of Meudon. It was in line with the Great Perspective. These pieces were created during the reconstruction of the central pavilion of the castle, by Louis Le Vau, for Abel Servien, from 1655 to 1658. This was the principal dwelling of the Louis"
"Louis Perceau Louis Perceau (22 September 1883 – 20 April 1942) was a 20th-century French polygraph. He used several pseudonyms including ""Helpey bibliographe poitevin"", ""Dr. Ludovico Hernandez"", ""Alexandre de Vérineau"", ""Un vieux journaliste"", ""Radeville et Deschamps"", ""marquis Boniface de Richequeue"", sometimes jointly with Fernand Fleuret. First a tailor, Louis Perceau was in Paris from 1901. He became editor at """" and ""La Vie socialiste"" and his socialist activism earned him the friendship of Jean Jaurès, Gustave Hervé and Albert Thomas, but also an arrest and imprisonment for six months (1906). He then actively participated in reforming the Socialist Party (France)"
"Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud (26 September 1836, in Paris – 22 September 1913) was a French physician and botanist. Beginning in 1860, he studied medicine in Limoges and later Paris (from 1863). After serving as a doctor during the Franco-Prussian War, he left the medical practice in order to concentrate his energies towards botany. As a botanist he collaborated with Pierre Marie Édouard Lamy de la Chapelle (1804–1886). In 1861 he became a member of the ""Société botanique de France"". The plant genus ""Malinvaudia"" (subfamily Asclepiadaceae) was named after him by Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (1834-1884)."
"Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud Louis Jules Ernest Malinvaud (26 September 1836, in Paris – 22 September 1913) was a French physician and botanist. Beginning in 1860, he studied medicine in Limoges and later Paris (from 1863). After serving as a doctor during the Franco-Prussian War, he left the medical practice in order to concentrate his energies towards botany. As a botanist he collaborated with Pierre Marie Édouard Lamy de la Chapelle (1804–1886). In 1861 he became a member of the ""Société botanique de France"". The plant genus ""Malinvaudia"" (subfamily Asclepiadaceae) was named after him by Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (1834-1884)."
"Octave Maus Octave Maus (12 June 1856, Brussels – 26 November 1919, Brussels) was a Belgian art critic, writer, and lawyer. Maus worked with fellow writer/lawyer Edmond Picard, and they together with Victor Arnould and Eugène Robert founded the weekly ""L'Art moderne"" in 1881. In 1884 Maus was elected the secretary of the recently formed Les XX, and his responsibilities included the organization of the annual exhibitions. In 1893 Maus advocated the dissolution of Les XX. In 1894 he founded La Libre Esthétique. The composer Poldowski (daughter of Henryk Wieniawski) was a neighbour and lifelong friend of Maus's. She dedicated"
"Louis Favre (painter) Louis Favre (15 September 1892 – 17 April 1956) was a French painter, print maker, writer and inventor who spent most of his life in France and the Netherlands. He is known internationally for his labor-intensive technique. His works achieved great popularity, particularly in the Netherlands. Favre was born in Annemasse (Haute Savoie) in Maison Grillet on the Place d'Eglise. He moved to Paris in 1912. He started as an industrial designer, but soon devoted himself entirely to painting. He had no formal training and was completely self-taught. As a soldier during World War I, he often"
"Louis Pergaud Louis Pergaud (22 January 1882 – 8 April 1915) was a French writer and soldier, whose principal works were known as ""Animal Stories"" due to his featuring animals of the Franche-Comté in lead roles. His most notable work was the novel ""La Guerre des boutons"" (1912) (English: ""The War of the Buttons""). It has been reprinted more than 30 times, and is included on the French high-school curriculum. A schoolteacher by profession, Pergaud came into conflict with Roman Catholic authorities over the implementation of the Third French Republic's separation of Church and State enacted in 1905. In 1907"
"naturally deficient in this sense, and whenever we get direct reference to nature—as in the monks of the St Bruno series – we recognize his admirable power to read and render physiognomy of varied and serious type. Eustache Le Sueur Eustache Le Sueur or Lesueur (19 November 1617 – 30 April 1655) was a French artist and one of the founders of the French Academy of Painting. He is known primarily for his paintings of religious subjects. He was born in Paris, where he spent his entire life. His father, Cathelin Le Sueur, a turner and sculptor in wood, placed"
"Louis Vauxcelles Louis Vauxcelles (1 January 187021 July 1943), born Louis Meyer, was an influential French Jewish art critic. He is credited with coining the terms ""Fauvism"" (1905), and ""Cubism"" (1908). Vauxcelles was born in Paris. He coined the phrase 'les fauves' (translated as 'wild beasts') in a 1905 review of the Salon d'Automne exhibit to describe in a mocking, critical manner a circle of painters associated with Matisse. As their paintings were exposed in the same room as a Donatello sculpture of which he approved, he stated his criticism and disapproval of their works by describing the sculpture as"