"they can be recycled and remoulded when they wear out. Cordwainers, or bespoke shoemakers, often use lasts that are specifically designed to the proportions of individual customers' feet. Made from various modern materials, they don't need to withstand the pressures of mass production machinery, but they must be able to handle constant tacking and pinning, and the wet environment associated with stretching and shaping materials such as leather. Last A last is a mechanical form that has a shape similar to that of a human foot. It is used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes."
"Foot model A foot model is a person who models footwear which can include accessories such as shoes, socks, jewellery and other related items. Foot modeling is mostly used in the advertisement of shoes, foot jewellery, socks, toenail polish, fungus treatments, foot supports, etc. Famous foot models include Zara Miller, Ashleigh Morris, Claire Kesby-Smith, Beverley Brown, Hannah Howells, Scott Adams and Elisha Cuthbert. Zara Miller and Beverley Brown are well known foot models in the U.K. Scott Adams was the most sought after foot model in the U.S from the mid-1970s until he retired in 1995. He was the top"
"Sneakers Sneakers (also known as athletic shoes, tennis shoes, gym shoes, sport shoes, runners, or trainers) are shoes primarily designed for sports or other forms of physical exercise, but which are now also widely used for everyday wear. The term generally describes a type of footwear with a flexible sole made of rubber or synthetic material and an upper part made of leather, synthetic substitutes or cloth. The shoes have gone by a variety of names, depending on geography, and changing over the decades. The term ""sneakers"" is most commonly used in the Northeastern United States, South Florida, North Carolina,"
"Earth shoe The ""Earth Shoe"" (also known as the ""Kalsø Earth Shoe"") was an unconventional style of shoe invented in the 1970s by Danish yoga instructor and shoe designer Anna Kalsø. Its unique Negative Heel Technology design featured a sole that was thinner at the heel than at the forefoot, so that when wearing them, one walked heel-downward at -3.7º, as when walking in sand, with various claimed health benefits. The shoes were introduced in the United States in New York City on April 1, 1970, three weeks before the first Earth Day. The shoes surged in popularity and were"
"Vibram FiveFingers Vibram FiveFingers are a type of minimalist shoe manufactured by Vibram, originally marketed as a more natural alternative for different outdoors activities (sailing, kayaking, canoeing, and as a camp or after-hike shoe). The footwear is meant to replicate being barefoot and has thin, flexible soles that are contoured to the shape of the human foot, including visible individual sections for the toes. The company settled a lawsuit alleging false health claims and set aside $3.75 million to pay refunds of up to $94 to anyone who had purchased the product since March 21, 2009. Invented in 1999 by"
"especially during World War II. Though there were competing measuring devices on the market, the Brannock Device quickly became the industry standard and is still used in shoe stores all over the world. Charles F. Brannock Charles F. Brannock (May 16, 1903 – November 22, 1992) was the inventor and manufacturer of the familiar Brannock Device for measuring overall length, width, and heel-to-ball length of the foot. Brannock, proprietor of the successful Park-Brannock Shoe Store in Syracuse, New York, developed the device in 1925. The instrument was a sales aid, but by ensuring more accurate fittings, the device also helped"
"shoe sizes of men, women, and children; they also produce specialized models for fitting other types of footwear. Brannock Device The Brannock Device is a measuring instrument invented by Charles F. Brannock for measuring a person's shoe size. The son of a shoe industry entrepreneur, Brannock attended Syracuse University, New York. Brannock spent two years developing a simple means of measuring the length, width, and arch length of the human foot. He eventually improved on the wooden RITZ Stick, the industry standard of the day, patenting his first prototype in 1925 and an improved version in 1927. The device has"
"for upwards of $1000 at exclusive establishments like Saks Fifth Avenue. In 2005, a documentary, ""Just for Kicks"", about the sneaker phenomenon and history was released.. Sneakers Sneakers (also known as athletic shoes, tennis shoes, gym shoes, sport shoes, runners, or trainers) are shoes primarily designed for sports or other forms of physical exercise, but which are now also widely used for everyday wear. The term generally describes a type of footwear with a flexible sole made of rubber or synthetic material and an upper part made of leather, synthetic substitutes or cloth. The shoes have gone by a variety"
"being produced at this time. They are not to be confused with the Earth shoe brand sold by WalMart et al, as only the Kalsø Earth Shoe features the Negative Heel Technology. Earth shoe The ""Earth Shoe"" (also known as the ""Kalsø Earth Shoe"") was an unconventional style of shoe invented in the 1970s by Danish yoga instructor and shoe designer Anna Kalsø. Its unique Negative Heel Technology design featured a sole that was thinner at the heel than at the forefoot, so that when wearing them, one walked heel-downward at -3.7º, as when walking in sand, with various claimed"
"Brannock Device The Brannock Device is a measuring instrument invented by Charles F. Brannock for measuring a person's shoe size. The son of a shoe industry entrepreneur, Brannock attended Syracuse University, New York. Brannock spent two years developing a simple means of measuring the length, width, and arch length of the human foot. He eventually improved on the wooden RITZ Stick, the industry standard of the day, patenting his first prototype in 1925 and an improved version in 1927. The device has both left and right heel cups and is rotated through 180 degrees to measure the second foot. Brannock"
"Nomis Nomis is an Australian football shoe manufacturer founded by former Adidas senior vice president Simon Skirrow. It distributes its shoes in the United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Australia and New Zealand. Skirrow spent five years creating the boots, which are made from kangaroo leather. 'Nomis' is an anagram of 'Simon'. Nomis shoes are specifically developed for improved performance under wet conditions with the use of specially tanned leathers. But it was soon discovered that Skirrow never created any of the technologies and instead they were invented by people in the background. Nomis transitioned to the European market rather dismally"
"as moccasins, plimsolls, or huaraches, which result in similar gait to going barefoot but protect the skin and keep dirt and water off. Some modern shoe manufacturers have recently designed footwear to maintain optimum flexibility while providing a minimum amount of protection. Such shoes include the shoes made by Vibram FiveFingers, Vivobarefoot, and Nike's Nike Free shoes. Sales of minimalist running shoes have grown into a $1.7 billion industry. Sales of Vibram FiveFingers alone grew from $450,000 in 2006 to $50 million in 2011. Barefoot skiing originated in Winter Haven, Florida, in 1947, when slalom skier A.G. Hancock tried to"
"of shoemaking, shoes were made mainly by hand. For proper fit, the customer's feet had to be duplicated in size and form by creating a stone or wooden mold called a ""last"" from which the shoes were sized and shaped. Since the greatest difficulty in shoemaking was the actual assembly of the soles to the upper shoe, it required great skill to tack and sew the two components together. It was thought that such intricate work could only be done by skilled human hands. As a result, this phase was not yet mechanized and shoe lasters held great power over"
"shoes. By the 15th Century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe. These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high-heeled shoe, while the poor and lower classes in Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot. In the 15th century, the Crakow was fashionable in Europe. This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków, the capital of Poland. The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the ""polaine"", which often was supported by a whalebone tied to the knee to"
"with many other health implications. Also known as ""Mossy Foot"", podoconiosis is a form of elephantiasis that affects the lymphatic system of the lower legs. The disease is a soil-transmitted disease caused by walking in silica-rich soil. Toms currently works with factories nearby where they perform some of their shoe drops. The Tom's 'One for One' model has inspired many different companies to adopt similar concepts. Warby Parker, launched in 2010, donates a pair of glasses to someone in need for every pair of glasses it sells. The social business Ruby Cup uses a 'Buy One Give One' model for"
"Tiger-head shoes Tiger-head shoes () are an example of traditional Chinese folk handicraft used as footwear for children. Their name comes from the toe cap, which looks like the head of a tiger. In the North of China, people also call them cat-head shoes. In Chinese culture, tigers are regarded as auspicious; people embroider the head and the upper of the shoes with tiger or tiger-head patterns, in the hope that their children will become as robust and dynamic as tigers. Also, the vivid image of tiger-head pattern was thought to expel evil spirits to protect their children from diseases"
"engage in shoemaking have included the cordwainer's and cobbler's trades. Today, shoes are often made on a volume basis, rather than a craft basis. For most of history, shoemaking has been a handicraft, limited to time consuming manufacturing by hand. Traditional shoemakers used more than 15 different techniques of making shoes. Some of these were: pegged construction, English welted (machine-made versions are referred to as ""Goodyear welted"" after the inventor of the technique), goyser welted, Norwegian, stitchdown, turnout, German sewn, moccasin, bolognese stitched, and blake-stitched. The most basic foot protection, used since ancient times in the Mediterranean area, was the"
"Shoemaking Shoemaking is the process of making footwear. Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand. Traditional handicraft shoemaking has now been largely superseded in volume of shoes produced by industrial mass production of footwear, but not necessarily in quality, attention to detail, or craftsmanship. Shoemakers (also known as ""cordwainers"") may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins. Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material, and often consist of multiple parts for better durability of the sole, stitched to a leather upper Trades that"
"shoe size directly (e.g. the Brannock Device) or to determine the detailed dimensions of the foot for custom manufacture (e.g. ALINEr). In art Yves Klein termed his performance paintings anthropometries, where he covered nude women with paint and used their bodies as paintbrushes. Anthropometry Anthropometry (from Greek ""anthropos"", ""human"", and ""metron"", ""measure"") refers to the measurement of the human individual. An early tool of physical anthropology, it has been used for identification, for the purposes of understanding human physical variation, in paleoanthropology and in various attempts to correlate physical with racial and psychological traits. Anthropometry involves the systematic measurement of"
"feet on paper and built a custom pair for $30. By 1991, after making the shoes in a spare room in his house, Paigen began selling his products in a small shop in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. Customer feedback led Paigen to consult a pedorthist to improve the overall design of the shoe. After multiple changes, the sandal was ready to be put on the market. He decided to name the first sandal ""Z/1"" because his friend used a cheesy French accent and told him that the sandals were ""Zee One!"" The name had started as Gecko when the company first"
"wear shoes; as a result, the disease has been called ""a penalty of civilization"". Studies have demonstrated that men are infected 2–4 times more often than women. Athlete's foot Athlete's foot, known medically as tinea pedis, is a common skin infection of the feet caused by fungus. Signs and symptoms often include itching, scaling, cracking and redness. In rare cases the skin may blister. Athlete's foot fungus may infect any part of the foot, but most often grows between the toes. The next most common area is the bottom of the foot. The same fungus may also affect the nails"
"shoe is made of white leather, whereas the pimpled outer sole is made of rubber. The inner sole is made of synthetic material. It was Horst Dassler, the son of Adolf ""Adi"" Dassler – the founder of Adidas, who had the idea of the first leather tennis shoe. In 1965, this tennis shoe model was named the ""adidas Robert Haillet"" after the French tennis professional Robert Haillet. When Haillet retired from tennis, Adidas and Horst Dassler decided to find another tennis player that could endorse the tennis shoe model. Donald Dell, an American tennis manager, suggested Stan Smith, who took"
"followed by two layers of jute fibers, and a firm corked footbed. The last layer is the footbed line which is a soft suede. Birkenstock Birkenstock Orthopädie GmbH & Co. KG is a shoe manufacturer headquartered in Neustadt (Wied), Germany. The company sells Birkenstocks, a German brand of sandals, and other shoes notable for their contoured cork and rubber footbeds (soles), which conform somewhat to the shape of their wearers' feet. Representative products include the two-strap ""Arizona sandal"" and the ""Boston clog"". The Birkenstock brand traces its roots to Johann Adam Birkenstock, registered in 1774 as a ""vassal and shoemaker"""
"Golo Footwear Golo Footwear established in 1915 Adolf Heilbrunn from Germany, Golo initially designed and manufactured slippers in Dunmore, Pennsylvania. The company was known for experimenting with materials not traditionally used in footwear, such as cork, stretch fabrics, Gore-Tex for rainboots, and clear lucite sandal wedges. Golo boot and shoe designs graced the covers and pages of every fashion magazine from 1950 through the 1980s. The footwear was photographed by some of the most admired photographers in the fashion industry, including Helmut Newton, Bert Stern, Hiro, and Richard Avedon. There are presently 22 Golo boots, shoes, and sandals in the"
"Charles F. Brannock Charles F. Brannock (May 16, 1903 – November 22, 1992) was the inventor and manufacturer of the familiar Brannock Device for measuring overall length, width, and heel-to-ball length of the foot. Brannock, proprietor of the successful Park-Brannock Shoe Store in Syracuse, New York, developed the device in 1925. The instrument was a sales aid, but by ensuring more accurate fittings, the device also helped his customers alleviate or avoid foot problems due to ill-fitting shoes. Brannock also developed specially calibrated devices for the various branches of the military, which issued millions of boots and shoes to servicemen,"
"foot"") while the homozygous recessive genotype presents with the more common trait: a longer hallux. People with the rare genetic disease fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva characteristically have a short hallux which appears to turn inward, or medially, in relation to the foot. Humans usually have five toes on each foot. When more than five toes are present, this is known as polydactyly. Other variants may include syndactyly or arachnodactyly. Forefoot shape, including toe shape, exhibits significant variation among people; these differences can be measured and have been statistically correlated with ethnicity. Such deviations may affect comfort and fit for various shoe"
"the pattern creates a U-shaped design around the toe box. Moccasin A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been ""worked"") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather). The sole is soft and flexible and the upper part often is adorned with embroidery or beading. Though sometimes worn inside, it is chiefly intended for outdoor use. Historically, it is the footwear of many indigenous people of North America; moreover, hunters, traders,"
"those made by podiatrists, Dr. Monte’s orthotic was designed to support all 3 arches of the foot, rather than just one. Through Dr. Greenawalt's orthotics invention, his patients began to show positive results and his adjustments held longer. In Foot Levelers multi-decade history, they have served tens of thousands of doctors and millions of patients through their patented orthotic technology. They have offices in the U.S., Europe, and Australia and serve customers in over 80 countries. Foot Levelers Foot Levelers is a foot care, footwear, and whole body health company based in Roanoke, Virginia and owned by Kent S. Greenawalt."
"The Athlete's Foot The Athlete's Foot (TAF) is a global retailer of athletic inspired footwear, apparel and accessories. Its headquarters are located in Bern, Switzerland. In 1971, David Lando realized that athletic shoes were by far the highest selling product in his store. That year, he and his son, Michael Lando, opened the first The Athlete's Foot store in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was the first athletic footwear specialty store of its kind in the United States. Soon thereafter, The Athlete's Foot began expanding in the United States. Among Lando's partners were his brother Robert and Sidney Gilbert of Rochester, New"
"certain countries around the world. Modern footwear is usually made up of leather or plastic, and rubber. In fact, leather was one of the original materials used for the first versions of a shoe. The soles can be made of rubber or plastic, sometimes having a sheet of metal inside. Roman sandals had sheets of metal on their soles so that it would not bend out of shape. More recently, footwear providers like Nike, have begun to source environmentally friendly materials. In Europe, the footwear industry has declined in the last years. Whereas in 2005, there were about 27,000 firms,"
"Xero Shoes Xero Shoes are a type and brand of lightweight minimalist footwear manufactured by Feel the World Inc. in Boulder, Colorado. Designed for walking , running and athletics , the footwear has thin and flexible soles that are contoured to the shape of the human foot. A high-school sprinter, Steven Sashen got back into the sport after a 30-year break. However, after two years of injury-prone competition, he joined a local barefoot running club in Boulder, CO at the suggestion of a friend who gave him a copy of """" by Christopher McDougall. As a result of running barefoot,"
"The Left Shoe Company The Left Shoe Company, previously Left Foot Company, is a made-to-measure male footwear manufacturer with offices in London, Los Angeles and in Helsinki. The company was founded in 1998 as The Left Foot Company. It was renamed and rebranded The Left Shoe Company in the fall of 2010. Because of the Made to measure 3D scanning method the shoes are available in a wide range of sizes and more personalized models. Normally, tailor made high quality shoes come at a high price, the delivery is around six months and the customer must revisit the shoemaker frequently."
"resource with which to make strong soles for shoes or sandals. Generally, the modern machinery used includes die cutting tools to cut the shapes and grommet machines to punch holes for lacing. The shoemaking profession makes a number of appearances in popular culture, such as in stories about shoemaker's elves, and the proverb, ""The shoemaker's children go barefoot."" The patron saint of shoemakers is Saint Crispin. Chefs and cooks sometimes use the term ""shoemaker"" as an insult to others who have prepared sub-standard food, possibly by overcooking, implying that the chef in question has made his or her food as"