"SSSI), is a main route for bird migration along the west coast of Great Britain. Waterfowl winter on the shores of the sea and estuary, while the coastline supports a variety of breeding species such as whitethroats (""Sylvia communis"") and magpies (""Pica pica"") in the scrub; skylarks (""Alaunda arvensis"") and meadow pipits (""Anthus pratensis"") in the grassland; and wheatears (""Oenanthe oenanthe"") and shelducks (""Tadorna tadorna"") in holes or burrows. Invertebrates are abundant throughout the dune system, which includes 30 species of terrestrial or freshwater molluscs, including the sandbowl snail (""Catinella arenaria""), which is only known in two sites in the"
"or eggs. Insects are captured by a rapid outward flick of the long tongue and gummed to its tip by sticky saliva. This genus is less completely arboreal than some other woodpecker groups, and its members often feed on the ground, attacking anthills or termitaries. The following were formerly included in ""Picus"", but are now placed in ""Chrysophlegma"". Picus (genus) Picus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family. It has representatives in Europe, Asia and North Africa. The genus name is Latin for a woodpecker. The type species was originally unclear, but is likely to have been the"
"Olivaceous piculet The olivaceous piculet (""Picumnus olivaceus"") is a species of bird in the family Picidae. Etymologically, piculet is as a double diminutive of the Latin ""picus"", ""woodpecker"", see also Picus. In Greek, δρύοψ is woodpecker, which shares its roots with δρῦς, 'tree'; 'oak' and Druids. Found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela, its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and heavily degraded former forest. Upper parts plain olive-brown, crown and nape spotted white on blackish, tail short, not sharp-tipped, black with a prominent yellow center"
"Picus (genus) Picus is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family. It has representatives in Europe, Asia and North Africa. The genus name is Latin for a woodpecker. The type species was originally unclear, but is likely to have been the European green woodpecker. These are large woodpeckers, typically with green upperparts. They are found in forests or more open woodland, and lay their white eggs in a tree hole nest, typically on a bed of wood chips. ""Picus"" woodpeckers are primarily insect eaters, with several species specialising in taking ants or termites. Some species will also consume fruit"
"Andean cock-of-the-rock The Andean cock-of-the-rock (""Rupicola peruvianus""), also known as tunki (Quechua), is a large passerine bird of the cotinga family native to Andean cloud forests in South America. It is widely regarded as the national bird of Peru. It has four subspecies and its closest relative is the Guianan cock-of-the-rock. The Andean cock-of-the-rock exhibits marked sexual dimorphism; the male has a large disk-like crest and scarlet or brilliant orange plumage, while the female is significantly darker and browner. Gatherings of males compete for breeding females with each male displaying its colourful plumage, bobbing and hopping, and making a variety"
"to the bird's relatively long legs. The specific name ""fenwickorum"" recognises George Fenwick, President of the American Bird Conservancy (ABC), and his family, who assisted Fundación ProAves (ABC's partner organization in Colombia) in the purchase of land, now the Colibrí del Sol Bird Reserve. Based on present knowledge, the antpitta is restricted to the reserve and its immediate surroundings. ProAves's suggested English name also honours Fenwick, while the Spanish common name ""Tororoi de Urrao"" is given after the municipality of Urrao, where the bird is found. ""Tororoi"" is a general Spanish name used for most antpitta species. The creation of"
"large enough to sustain it at a Least Concern status. Andean cock-of-the-rock The Andean cock-of-the-rock (""Rupicola peruvianus""), also known as tunki (Quechua), is a large passerine bird of the cotinga family native to Andean cloud forests in South America. It is widely regarded as the national bird of Peru. It has four subspecies and its closest relative is the Guianan cock-of-the-rock. The Andean cock-of-the-rock exhibits marked sexual dimorphism; the male has a large disk-like crest and scarlet or brilliant orange plumage, while the female is significantly darker and browner. Gatherings of males compete for breeding females with each male displaying"
"Cock-of-the-rock The cocks-of-the-rock, which compose the genus Rupicola, are large cotingid birds native to South America. They are found in tropical and subtropical rainforests close to rocky areas, where they build their nests. The genus is composed of only two known extant species: the Andean cock-of-the-rock and the smaller Guianan cock-of-the-rock. The Andean cock-of-the-rock is the national bird of Peru. Both known species exhibit sexual dimorphism: the males are magnificent birds, not only because of their bright orange or red colors, but also because of their very prominent fan-shaped crests. Like some other cotingids, they have a complex courtship behavior,"
"birds are encouraged to drop to the ground soon after hatching. Food is small invertebrates, sometimes small frogs, picked off the mud as the bird works steadily around the edges of its chosen pond. Solitary sandpiper The solitary sandpiper (""Tringa solitaria"") is a small shorebird. The genus name ""Tringa"" is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ""trungas"", a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific ""solitaria"" is Latin for ""solitary"" from ""solus"", ""alone"". This species measures long, with a wingspan up to and a body mass"
"lowering alternative wings when they run. In English, Darwin's rhea gets its scientific name from Rhea, a Greek goddess, and ""pennata"" means winged. The specific name was bestowed in 1834 by Darwin's contemporary and rival Alcide d'Orbigny who first described the bird to Europeans, from a specimen from the lower Río Negro south of Buenos Aires, Argentina. As late as 2008, it was classified in the monotypic genus ""Pterocnemia"". This word is formed from two Greek words ""pteron"", meaning feathers, and ""knēmē"", meaning the leg between the knee and the ankle, hence feather-legged, alluding to their feathers that cover the"
"who voted for ""urraoensis"".) Finally, the two descriptions also proposed different English names for the bird. Time will tell whether Fundación ProAves' English name, Fenwick's antpitta, or Carantón and Certuche's English name, Urrao antpitta, will prove more popular, but the only completely uninvolved authority that has taken a stance on this matter has avoided taking sides by coining a new name, Antioquia antpitta. Its known range is entirely within the Antioquia Department. The two articles that described the species proposed the same Spanish name, ""tororoi de Urrao"". Urrao antpitta The Urrao antpitta or Fenwick's antpitta (""Grallaria urraoensis"" or ""fenwickorum"") is"
"Varzea piculet The varzea piculet (""Picumnus varzeae"") is a species of bird in the family Picidae, the woodpeckers, piculets, and wrynecks. It is endemic to Brazil's Amazon basin where it occurs in seasonally flooded Várzea forests, which gives the bird its common name. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest, and as the trees are progressively being cleared in the Amazon basin, the population of the bird is declining, and as a consequence, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as an ""endangered species"". This species was first described in 1912 by the German-Brazilian ornithologist Emilie"
"Pika A pika ( ; archaically spelled pica) is a small mammal, with short limbs, very round body, rounded ears, and no external tail. They resemble their close cousin the rabbit, but with shorter ears. They live in mountainous countries in Asia, and there are also two species in North America. Most pikas prefer rocky slopes. The large-eared pika of the Himalayas and nearby mountains is one of the highest living mammals; it is found at heights of more than . Pikas graze on a range of plants, mostly grasses, flowers and young stems. In the autumn, they pull hay,"
"""endangered"". Varzea piculet The varzea piculet (""Picumnus varzeae"") is a species of bird in the family Picidae, the woodpeckers, piculets, and wrynecks. It is endemic to Brazil's Amazon basin where it occurs in seasonally flooded Várzea forests, which gives the bird its common name. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest, and as the trees are progressively being cleared in the Amazon basin, the population of the bird is declining, and as a consequence, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as an ""endangered species"". This species was first described in 1912 by the German-Brazilian ornithologist"
"which is a reference to its voice. Among the Ecuadorian Secoyas, the bird is known as the ""Kwow-kwee-yo."" The sound is frequently used in movies, and also can be heard in the background of the popular game Angry Birds Rio. Screaming piha The screaming piha (""Lipaugus vociferans"") is a species of passerine bird in the family Cotingidae. It is found in humid forests in the Amazon and tropical parts of the Mata Atlântica in South America. It is adapting well to human settlement areas like gardens and parks. It is considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International. Both"
"Lineated woodpecker The lineated woodpecker (""Dryocopus lineatus"") is a very large woodpecker which is a resident breeding bird from Mexico south to northern Argentina and on Trinidad. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the lineated woodpecker in his ""Ornithologie"" based on a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He used the French name ""Le pic noir hupé de Cayenne"" and the Latin name ""Picus niger cayanensis cristatus"". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766"
"Ocellated piculet The ocellated piculet (""Picumnus dorbignyanus"") is a species of bird in the family Picidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest. It was first described in 1845 as ""Picumnus d’Orbignyanus"" by the French ornithologist Frédéric de Lafresnaye, being named in honour of the French naturalist Alcide d'Orbigny, but since then has been largely mis-spelt as ""P. dorbygnianus"". It hybridizes with the white-barred piculet where their ranges overlap. The adult ocellated piculet is long. The sexes are similar apart from the forecrown which"
"name in many European languages. The two recognized extant species and eight subspecies are: ""Rhea pennata"" was not always in the genus ""Rhea"". In 2008, the SACC, the last holdout, approved the merging of the genera, ""Rhea"" and ""Pterocnemia"" on August 7, 2008. This merging of genera leaves only the genus ""Rhea"". A former third species of rhea, ""Rhea nana"", was described by Lydekker in 1894 based on a single egg found in Patagonia, but today no major authorities consider it valid. Rheas are large, flightless birds with grey-brown plumage, long legs and long necks, similar to an ostrich. Large"
"conservation are the ""Lama vicugna"" (vicuna) and ""Lama guanicoe"". The guanaco (""Lama guanicoe"") is a camelid native to South America. This animal can grow up to four feet tall (1.2 metres). Bird populations in the puna ecosystem are surprisingly diverse for such a harsh and extreme environment. For example, the Lauca National Park includes 148 species of birds, which represents about one third of the entire Chilean bird population. Many of these species are rare and attract visitors to the area. One example of this rare avifauna is the giant flightless Darwin's rhea (""Rhea pennata""), which is similar to the"
"Tapaculo The tapaculos (pronounced /tæpəˈku:ləʊ/) are a family, Rhinocryptidae, of small suboscine passerine birds, found mainly in South America and with the highest diversity in the Andean regions. Three species (Chocó, Tacarcuna, and the silvery-fronted) are found in southern Central America. Tapaculos are small to medium-sized birds, with a total length ranging from 10–24 cm (4–9½ in). These are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head, and the name ""tapaculo"" possibly derives from Spanish for"
"prized as a game animal, labba in Guyana, lapa in Venezuela, and lappe on the island of Trinidad. Although lowland pacas are not in danger of being extinct, local extinctions have occurred due to habitat destructions. There is much confusion in the nomenclature of this and related species; see agouti. In particular, the popular term ""agouti"" or ""common agouti"" normally refers to species of the distinct genus ""Dasyprocta"" (such as the Central American agouti, ""Dasyprocta punctata""). Sometimes the word ""agouti"" is also used for a polyphyletic grouping uniting the families Cuniculidae and Dasyproctidae, which, besides the pacas and common agoutis,"
"""a diver"", from ""κολυμβάω"" (kolumbao), ""dive, plunge headlong, swim"". Aristophanes (Birds, 304) and others use the word κολυμβίς (""kolumbis""), ""diver"", for the name of the bird, because of its swimming motion in the air. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin ""livor"", ""bluish"". Its closest relative in the genus ""Columba"" is the hill pigeon, followed by the other rock pigeons: the snow, speckled, and white-collared pigeons. The species is also known as the rock pigeon or blue rock dove, the former being the official name from 2004 to 2011, when the International Ornithological Congress changed their official listing to"
"name ""Le petit grimpereau a longue queue du Cap de Bonne Espérance"" and the Latin ""Certhia Longicauda Minor Capitis Bonae Spei"". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his ""Systema Naturae"" for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the orange-breasted sunbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name ""Certhia violacea"" and cited Brisson's work. This species is now the only"
"Tringa Tringa is a genus of waders, containing the shanks and tattlers. The genus name ""Tringa"" is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ""trungas"", a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. They are mainly freshwater birds, often with brightly coloured legs as reflected in the English names of six species, as well as the specific names of two of these and the green sandpiper. They are typically associated with northern hemisphere temperate regions for breeding. Some of this group—notably the green sandpiper—nest in trees, using the old"
"or Mascapaicha, of the Sapa Inca. Mountain caracara The mountain caracara (""Phalcoboenus megalopterus"", Spanish: ""corequenque"") is a species of bird of prey in the family Falconidae. It is found in puna and páramo in the Andes, ranging from southern Ecuador, through Peru and Bolivia, to northern Argentina and Chile. It is generally uncommon to fairly common. It resembles the closely related Carunculated Caracara and White-throated Caracara, but unlike those species, its chest is uniform black. Juveniles are far less distinctive than the red-faced pied adults, being overall brown with dull pinkish-grey facial skin. A medium-sized caracara with a faintly blue"
"names ""bird spider"" and ""bird-eating spider"" and the German name ""Vogelspinne"" reflect the Latin name. A major review of the genus drastically reduced the number of species recognized, from over 50 to 12, . Some species have been transferred to other genera, with others reduced to synonymy. Yet more names are considered to be doubtful in their application (""nomina dubia""). , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: Transferred to other genera: Treated as synonyms or as ""nomina dubia"": Avicularia Avicularia is a genus of the family Theraphosidae containing various species of tarantulas. The genus is native to tropical"
"to the 13th century, and the word ""pied"", first recorded in 1552, became applied to other birds that resembled the magpie in having black-and-white plumage. The adult male of the nominate subspecies, ""P. p. pica"", is in length, of which more than half is the tail. The wingspan is . The head, neck and breast are glossy black with a metallic green and violet sheen; the belly and scapulars (shoulder feathers) are pure white; the wings are black glossed with green or purple, and the primaries have white inner webs, conspicuous when the wing is open. The graduated tail is"
"Psilopterus Psilopterus (Greek for ""bare wing"") is an extinct genus of phorusrhacid (""terror bird"") from the Middle Oligocene to Late Miocene of Argentina. Compared to other phorusrhacids, members of the genus are both relatively gracile and diminutive, and include the smallest known species of terror bird: with the head raised ""P. bachmanni"" was in height and weighed about , while the largest members of the genus were only about . The birds resemble the modern cariama (""Cariama cristata""), except with a heavier build and considerably smaller wings. The strong morphological similarity between the claws of the predatory cariama and ""Psilopterus"","
"Pristimantis piceus Pristimantis piceus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Colombia and occurs in the Cordillera Central between the Antioquia Department in the north and the Cauca Department in the south. Many specimens are black in color, and the specific name ""piceus"" is Latin meaning ""pitch-black"". Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The snout is long, subacuminate in dorsal view, and rounded in lateral profile. The tympanum is distinct, but the supra-tympanic fold obscures its upper edge. Skin of the dorsum has numerous minute, low warts. The dorso-lateral fold is"
"Woodpecker Woodpeckers are part of the family Picidae, a group of near-passerine birds that also consist of piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions. Most species live in forests or woodland habitats, although a few species are known that live in treeless areas, such as rocky hillsides and deserts, and the Gila woodpecker specialises in exploiting cacti. Members of this family are chiefly known for their characteristic behaviour. They mostly forage for insect prey on the trunks and branches of trees, and often"
"White-winged diuca finch The white-winged diuca finch (""Diuca speculifera""), also called ""the glacier bird"", is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Peru, Bolivia and far northern Chile and Argentina. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland, where it favours wet boggy ground. It is one of the few birds that have been recorded as nesting in high altitude glaciers, hence its alternative name ""the glacier bird"". The nest is a bulky structure in the form of a cup, made of grass, twigs and feathers: it can weigh up to half a pound,"
"specific name ""passerinus"" is from Latin and means ""sparrow like"". This species is now placed in the genus ""Veniliornis"" that was introduced by the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1854. Little woodpecker The little woodpecker (""Veniliornis passerinus"") is a species of bird in the family Picidae, the woodpeckers, piculets, and wrynecks. It is found in a wide range of wooded habitats in a large part of South America east of the Andes, and generally common. Unlike other similar and comparably sized members of the genus ""Veniliornis"", the little woodpecker lacks a contrasting yellow nape. In 1760 the French zoologist"
"ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850. Four subspecies are recognised: Purple-throated sunbird The purple-throated sunbird (""Leptocoma sperata""), is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical mangrove forest of Maratua and the Philippines. The Van Hasselt's sunbird was previously considered conspecific. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the purple-throated sunbird in his ""Ornithologie"" based on a specimen collected in the Philippines. He used the French name ""Le grimpereau pourpré des Philippines"" and the Latin ""Certhia Philippensis Purpurea"". Although Brisson coined Latin"