"a method known as parachuting, such as ""Rhacophorus"" (a ""flying frog"" species) that has adapted toe membranes allowing it to fall more slowly after leaping from trees. Many species of snake are highly arboreal, and some have evolved specialized musculature for this habitat. While moving in arboreal habitats, snakes move slowly along bare branches using a specialized form of concertina locomotion, but when secondary branches emerge from the branch being moved on, snakes use lateral undulation, a much faster mode. As a result, snakes perform best on small perches in cluttered environments, while limbed organisms seem to do best on"
"Fossorial A fossorial (from Latin ""fossor"", meaning ""digger"") is an animal adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, and mole salamanders. Most bees and wasps are called ""fossorial Hymenoptera"". Many rodent species are also considered fossorial as they live in burrows for most of the day, though they may be surface-dwelling during other parts of the day. Species that live exclusively underground, on the other hand, are described as ""subterranean"". Some organisms are fossorial to aid in temperature regulation while others use the underground habitat for protection from predators or"
"contain burrowing animals have considerably higher amounts of and as well as greater nitrification potential and microbial consumption than in vegetated soils. The primary mechanism for this occurrence is caused by the removal of the covering grassland. Fossorial A fossorial (from Latin ""fossor"", meaning ""digger"") is an animal adapted to digging which lives primarily, but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, and mole salamanders. Most bees and wasps are called ""fossorial Hymenoptera"". Many rodent species are also considered fossorial as they live in burrows for most of the day, though they may be surface-dwelling during other"
"Terrestrial animal The term terrestrial is typically applied for species that live primarily on the ground, in contrast to arboreal species, which live primarily in trees. There are other less common terms that apply to specific groups of terrestrial animals: Terrestrial invasion is one of the most important events in the history of life. Terrestrial lineages evolved in several animal phyla, among which vertebrates, arthropods, and mollusks are representatives of more successful groups of terrestrial animals. Terrestrial animals do not form a unified clade; rather, they share only the fact that they live on land. The transition from an aquatic"
"on reefs are called hermatypic, with those growing elsewhere are known as ahermatypic. Most of the latter are azooxanthellate and live in both shallow and deep sea habitats. In the deep sea they share the ecosystem with soft corals, polychaete worms, other worms, crustaceans, molluscs and sponges. In the Atlantic Ocean, the cold-water coral ""Lophelia pertusa"" forms extensive deep-water reefs which support many other species. Other fauna, such as hydrozoa, bryozoa and brittle stars, often dwell among the branches of gorgonian and coral colonies. The pygmy seahorse not only makes certain species of gorgonians its home, but closely resembles its"
"that feed on benthic organisms or seek protection from predators and the seabed provides a range of habitats on or under the surface of the substrate which are used by creatures adapted to these conditions. The tidal zone with its periodic exposure to the dehydrating air is home to barnacles, molluscs and crustaceans. The neritic zone has many organisms that need light to flourish. Here, among algal encrusted rocks live sponges, echinoderms, polychaete worms, sea anemones and other invertebrates. Corals often contain photosynthetic symbionts and live in shallow waters where light penetrates. The extensive calcareous skeletons they extrude build up"
"spend most of the daytime sleeping, curled up into a ball. They are considered to be shy and secretive creatures. Arboreal pangolins live in hollow trees, whereas the ground-dwelling species dig tunnels underground, to a depth of . Some pangolins walk with their front claws bent under the foot pad, although they use the entire foot pad on their rear limbs. Furthermore, some exhibit a bipedal stance for some behaviour and may walk a few steps bipedally. Pangolins are also good swimmers. Pangolins are insectivorous. Most of their diet consists of various species of ants and termites and may be"
"Hibernaculum (zoology) A hibernaculum ""plural form: hibernacula"" (Latin, ""tent for winter quarters"") is a place in which a creature seeks refuge, such as a bear using a cave to overwinter. The word can be used to describe a variety of shelters used by many kinds of animals, including insects, toads, lizards, snakes, bats, rodents, and primates of various species. Insects range in their size, structure, and general appearance but most use hibernacula. All insects are primarily exothermic. For this reason, extremely cold temperatures, such as those experienced in the winter season, outside of tropical locations, cause their metabolic systems to"
"trees and moist leaves on ground provide a good, wet environment for amphibians, including salamanders. Many species of salamanders in this area do not have lungs, so they breathe through their skin and the wet environment is conducive for their survival. Two species of turtles are endemic as well: flatted muck turtle and Alabama map turtle. As mammals, the most familiar is likely the American black bear. Other common mammals are white-tailed deer and groundhog. Northern species like northern flying squirrel and red squirrel survive in the area because of the cool climate. Native Americans have lived in this area"
"at the Montreal Biodome. Since paludaria encompass water, land and air, many different types of fauna can be encompassed in the enclosure. While amphibians, fish and reptiles are the most common, people have kept insects and even birds in them. The animals that are most suited for a paludarium are the animals that naturally live in water/land type environments, swamps, marshes or mangroves. It is like an ecosystem that is placed inside an enclosed container. Flora suited for paludaria include plants that thrive in very humid environments or wetland areas. A common plant is the genus ""Anubias"" which is hardy"
"robur L.) and field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). Inside the woodland are numerous ecological niches (dead wood in different stages of decomposition, shady and humid microenvironments alternated with little meadows) which are essential for the life of many biodiversity taxa (insects, small mammals, mushrooms, plants) linked to wild forests; indeed these species aren’t able to survive in more conventional urban green areas. Until now, field surveys reported at least 150 plant species, most of them typical of woodland or ecotones environment. Regarding bird life, researchers highlight the presence of European robin (Erithacus rubecula), a species which normally doesn’t nest in"
"visible in the landscape for years. The burrows are distributed regularly, although the occupied burrows appear to be clustered in space. Even Carnivora like the meerkat, and marsupials, are burrowers. The largest burrowing animal is probably the polar bear when it makes its maternity den in snow or earth. Burrows by birds are usually made in soft soils; some penguins and other pelagic seabirds are noted for such burrows. The Magellanic penguin is an example, constructing burrows along coastal Patagonian regions of Chile and Argentina. Other burrowing birds are puffins, kingfishers, and bee-eaters. Kangaroo mice construct burrows in fine sand."
"of ""A. albipes"" being the most basal species in the genus. Tree vole The genus Arborimus is a group of voles found in western North America. The genus name means ""tree mouse"" in Latin. These animals live in forested areas and two species live in trees. They are small rodents with short ears and long legs. They are primarily herbivorous. Predators include owls and mustelids. Some sources include this genus with the heather voles, genus ""Phenacomys"". The complete list of species is: Based on mitochondrial DNA, ""A. pomo"" and ""A. albipes"" are more closely related to one another than either"
"rabbit warren. A wide variety of vertebrates construct or use burrows in many different types of substrate and can range widely in complexity. Mammals are perhaps most well known for burrowing, especially Insectivora like the voracious mole, and rodents like the prolific gopher, great gerbil and groundhog. The rabbit, a member of the family Lagomorpha, is a well-known burrower. There are estimates that a single groundhog burrow can occupy a full cubic metre, displacing 320 kilograms of dirt. Great gerbils live in family groups in extensive burrows, which can be seen on satellite images. Even the unoccupied burrows can remain"
"autumn vagrant in western Europe and is annual on Great Britain. There were 225 confirmed arctic warbler sightings in Britain between 1958 and 2001. The genus name ""Phylloscopus"" is from Ancient Greek ""phullon"", ""leaf"", and ""skopos"", ""seeker"" (from ""skopeo"", ""to watch""). The specific ""borealis"" is from Latin and means ""northern"". Arctic warbler The Arctic warbler (""Phylloscopus borealis"") is a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia. It has established a foothold in North America, breeding in Alaska. This warbler is strongly migratory; the entire population winters in"
"Aquatic mammal Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are a diverse group of mammals that dwell partly or entirely in bodies of water. They include the various marine mammals who dwell in oceans, as well as various freshwater species, such as the European otter. They are not a taxon and are not unified by any distinct biological grouping, but rather their dependence on and integral relation to aquatic ecosystems. The level of dependence on aquatic life are vastly different among species, with the Amazonian manatee and river dolphins being completely aquatic and fully dependent on aquatic ecosystems; whereas the Baikal seal feeds"
"are respectively terrestrial, arboreal, or fossorial. In general, the arboreal forms are most rat-like in appearance, whilst the burrowing species are more gopher-like, with stocky bodies and short tails. Most species do poorly in conditions of high heat and aridity and are restricted to regions with abundant water. They are almost exclusively herbivorous. The current taxonomic content of the family Echimyidae has been reshaped over time, and its organization into coherent units stems from two realizations. The first is that cladistic approaches applied to morphological characters showed that many traits used to define taxa were plesiomorphic or homoplastic. The second"
"adapted by increased fur and resorting far more than previously to the shelter of caves. The cave bear (""Ursus spelaeus"") was the most habitual in its use of caves, and occupied caves before humans began to do so. Trogloxene Trogloxenes or subtroglophiles, also called cave guests, are animal species which periodically live in underground habitats such as caves or at the very entrance, but cannot live exclusively in such habitats. Among many scientists, trogloxenes and subtroglophile have slightly different but closely related meanings, with the former covering species that are occasional visitors to underground habitat and the latter species that"
"2008, a new helical fossil found in New Mexico was named ""augerinoichnus helicoidalis"" in honor of the augerino. Augerino The augerino is a legendary creature present in the folk tales of lumberjack and ranching communities in the western United States. Tales of the augerino described it as a subterranean creature which inhabited the drier regions of Colorado. The augerino required a dry environment to survive and would bore holes in dams and irrigation ditches to let the water drain out. Some accounts described the augerino as a type of worm, though tales differ on the exact physical description of the"
"appear reliably in the fossil record. The marsupials evolved to fill specific ecological niches, and in many cases they are physically similar to the placental mammals in Eurasia and North America that occupy similar niches, a phenomenon known as convergent evolution. For example, the top predator in Australia, the Tasmanian tiger, bore a striking resemblance to canids such as the gray wolf; gliding possums and flying squirrels have similar adaptations enabling their arboreal lifestyle; and the numbat and anteaters are both digging insectivores. For the most part, mammals are not a highly visible part of the faunal landscape, as most"
"degraded secondary habitats (farm bush) in the forest zone. Breeding takes places in standing water, in pools, swamps, and marshes. It is nocturnal, burrowing in mud when inactive. The diet consists of—somewhat unusually for an amphibian—of fish (e.g., ""Epiplatys""), but also of arthropods and other amphibians, including younger conspecifics. Although it is considered an adaptable species, in parts of its range ""Aubria masako"" is only known from pristine habitats. Nevertheless, this species is not considered to face any significant threats. It is presumably to be found in several protected areas. Aubria masako Aubria masako is a species of frog in"
"spotted tail quoll relies on for survival. The koala (""Phascolarctos cinereus"") and the squirrel glider (""Petaurus norfolcensis""), are arboreal marsupials broadly distributed in Eastern Australian forests and woodlands. Arboreal marsupials rely on habitat which is influenced by the size and species of trees present, the soil nutrients, amount of rainfall, and climate. The squirrel glider and other glider species found in the park specifically rely on the shelter of tree hollows and on flowering Acacia and Banksia genus shrubs for food. Urban development, agriculture, and infrastructure is increasingly fragmenting the required habitat for these species and they are therefore more"
"cool temperature and high humidity. Forest humus and leaf litter can provide the necessary conditions for crytpozoic life in part because of the shielding from surrounding trees. Nonetheless, temperate woodlands are not the only ground for such a habitat: the tropics and the desert are often suitable for cryptozoa, such as scorpions or Solifugae. Examples of the cryptozoa include land-planarians, amphipods, pill-woodlice, centipedes, pill-millipedes, thysanurans, false-scorpions and oribatid mites. Cryptozoa Cryptozoa is the collective name for small animals who live in darkness and under conditions of high relative humidity, as in the wet soil underneath rocks, decomposing tree bark etc."
"Amphibian Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards"
"water. It often burrows at the base of bushes and shrubs. It has multiple burrows in its range, and each burrow may have more than one entrance. A burrow may be in diameter and may be several metres long. The home range of an armadillo is recorded to consist of a minimum area of . The animal does not build a nest in its burrow which it seals during occupation. When not in its burrow, the animal spends most of its time foraging. The armadillo is omnivorous; its diet consists of insects, vertebrates and plant material (especially pods of ""Prosopis""),"
"least. Acrocephalus (bird) The Acrocephalus warblers are small, insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus ""Acrocephalus"". Formerly in the paraphyletic Old World warbler assemblage, they are now separated as the namesake of the marsh and tree warbler family Acrocephalidae. They are sometimes called marsh warblers or reed warblers, but this invites confusion with marsh warbler and reed warbler proper, especially in North America, where it is common to use lower case for bird species. These are rather drab brownish warblers usually associated with marshes or other wetlands. Some are streaked, others plain. Many species breeding in temperate regions are migratory."
"is arboreal (lives in the tree tops) because of the flooding of the forests and the water rising to great heights during the rainy season. During the dry season, it returns to the ground to look for seeds and other food material. A study of the diet of the uakari found it to consist of 67% seeds, 18% fruit, 6% flowers, 5% animal prey, and buds. Its powerful lower jaw forms a pseudodental comb, which allows the uakari to open the hard surfaces of unripe fruits and eat the nuts that most other primates would not be able to open."
"Primate A primate ( ) is a mammal of the order Primates. In taxonomy, primates include two distinct lineages, strepsirrhines and haplorhines. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging environment. Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal. With the exception of humans, who inhabit every continent, most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia. They range in typical size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs only , to the eastern gorilla, weighing over . Based on fossil"
"underground residence. While thousands of animals were introduced to new environments, their naturally slow spreading, 200 to 250 meters per year, prevented them from rapidly moving to areas far beyond where they escaped. The Siberian chipmunk can survive in a variety of habitats and conditions. They are usually found in coniferous forests, stony areas within forests and mountains, habitats filled with shrub, along waterways or roads, or other small patches of agricultural land. In Europe, the introduced populations usually live in deciduous forests, mixed deciduous and coniferous forests, or urban areas with greenery. Tamias sibiricus is able to survive in"
"impermeable loamy subsoil and occasional floods creates the right conditions for the creation of wetlands and bog vegetation. The protected area consists therefore of fen vegetation with scientifically important plant communities of relic and rare plant species. It is also an important ornithological site. It is used as a research object. Numerous animal species live in the Abrod nature reserve. Some bird species that are permanently present include northern goshawk, great reed warbler, Eurasian reed warbler, long-tailed tit, Eurasian skylark, common kingfisher, mallard, garganey, greater white-fronted goose, greylag goose, bean goose, tree pipit, grey heron, common pochard, common buzzard, common"
"Invertebrates include the common scorpion (""Scorpiones spp.""), burrowing scorpion (""Opistophthalmus spp.""), and various species of spider (""Araneae"") and tick (""Parasitiformes""). The Californian climate usually exhibits wet winters and dry summers. Variation in these patterns can cause devastating damage to numerous plant communities. Plants found in elfin forests have adapted to grow during winter months, and become dormant during the summer due to drought stress. Plant communities deal with low, seasonal rainfall by relying on fog interception and taking in moisture from the air. Formation of coastal elfin forests in northern California and Oregon, began with a series of marine terraces."
"a typical tree shrew (""Tupaia montana""). A similar adaptation was found in ""N. macrophylla"", ""N. rajah"", ""N. ampullaria"", and is also likely to be present in ""N. ephippiata"". Organisms that spend at least part of their lives within the pitchers of ""Nepenthes"" species are often called ""Nepenthes"" infauna. The most common infaunal species, often representing the top trophic level of the infaunal ecosystem, are many species of mosquito larvae. Other infaunal species include fly and midge larvae, spiders, mites, ants, and even a species of crab (""Geosesarma malayanum""). Many of these species specialise to one pitcher plant species and are"
"the farmers have recognized this, but they are still killed, on occasion, for their fur. Dogs and insecticides are also common killers of the aardwolf. Aardwolfs are common sights at zoos. Frankfurt Zoo in Germany was home to the oldest recorded aardwolf in captivity at 18 years and 11 months. Aardwolf The aardwolf (""Proteles cristata"") is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means ""earth-wolf"" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called ""maanhaar-jackal"" (Afrikaans for ""mane-jackal"") or ""civet hyena"", based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with"