"and laid end to end in a row"", and placed the barleycorn, not the inch, as the base unit of the English Long Measure system, from which all other units were derived. John Bouvier similarly recorded in his 1843 law dictionary that the barleycorn was the fundamental measure. Butler observed, however, that ""[a]s the length of the barley-corn cannot be fixed, so the inch according to this method will be uncertain"", noting that a standard inch measure was now (by his time) kept in the Exchequer chamber, Guildhall, and ""that"" was the legal definition of the inch. This was a"
"claimed the average length of a grain of barley being . Barleycorn (unit) The barleycorn is a small English unit of length equal to of an inch (i.e., close to ) still used as the basis of shoe sizes in English-speaking countries. Under the ""c."" AD 1300 Composition of Yards and Perches, one of the statutes of uncertain date that was notionally in force until the 1824 Weights and Measures Act, ""3 barly cornes dry and rounde"" were to serve as the basis for the inch and thence the larger units of feet, yards, perches and thus of the acre,"
"was repealed by the Weights and Measures Act 1824 (5 George IV c. 74, par. 23). Composition of Yards and Perches The Composition of Yards and Perches () or the Statute of Ells and Perches was a medieval English statute defining the length of the barleycorn, inch, foot, yard, and perch, as well as the area of the acre. Its date has been estimated at 1266-1303. The text from the manuscript known as ""BL Cotton MS Claudius D 2"" (as published in Ruffhead's ""Statutes at Large"") reads: ""It is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make"
"England, defining it as ""three grains of barley, dry and round, placed end to end, lengthwise"". Similar definitions are recorded in both English and Welsh medieval law tracts. One, dating from the first half of the 10th century, is contained in the Laws of Hywel Dda which superseded those of Dyfnwal, an even earlier definition of the inch in Wales. Both definitions, as recorded in ""Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales"" (vol i., pp. 184, 187, 189), are that ""three lengths of a barleycorn is the inch"". King David I of Scotland in his Assize of Weights and Measures (c."
"Barleycorn (unit) The barleycorn is a small English unit of length equal to of an inch (i.e., close to ) still used as the basis of shoe sizes in English-speaking countries. Under the ""c."" AD 1300 Composition of Yards and Perches, one of the statutes of uncertain date that was notionally in force until the 1824 Weights and Measures Act, ""3 barly cornes dry and rounde"" were to serve as the basis for the inch and thence the larger units of feet, yards, perches and thus of the acre, an important unit of area. The notion of three barleycorns composing"
"Grain (unit) A grain is a unit of measurement of mass, and in the troy weight, avoirdupois, and Apothecaries' system, equal to exactly . It is nominally based upon the mass of a single virtual ideal seed of a cereal. From the Bronze Age into the Renaissance the average masses of wheat and barley grains were part of the legal definitions of units of mass. Rather, expressions such as ""thirty-two grains of wheat, taken from the middle of the ear"" appear to have been ritualistic formulas, essentially the premodern equivalent of legal boilerplate. Another source states that it was defined"
"Indian units of measurement Before the introduction of the Metric system, one may divide the history of Indian systems of measurement into three main periods: the pre-Akbar's period, the period of the Akbar system, and the British colonial period. During pre-Akbar period, weights and measure system varied from region to region, commodity to commodity, and rural to urban areas. The weights were based on the weight of various seeds (specially the wheat berry and Ratti) and lengths were based on the length of arms and width of fingers. Akbar realized a need for a uniform system. He elected the barley"
"Composition of Yards and Perches The Composition of Yards and Perches () or the Statute of Ells and Perches was a medieval English statute defining the length of the barleycorn, inch, foot, yard, and perch, as well as the area of the acre. Its date has been estimated at 1266-1303. The text from the manuscript known as ""BL Cotton MS Claudius D 2"" (as published in Ruffhead's ""Statutes at Large"") reads: ""It is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make an inch, 12 inches make 1 foot, 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a"
"At least since antiquity, grains of wheat or barley were used by Mediterranean traders to define units of mass; along with other seeds, especially those of the carob tree. According to a longstanding tradition, 1 carat (the mass of a carob seed) was equivalent to the weight of 4 wheat grains or 3 barleycorns. Since the weights of these seeds are highly variable, especially that of the cereals as a function of moisture, this is a convention more than an absolute law. The history of the modern British grain can be traced back to a royal decree in thirteenth century"
"the fraction of gold was given as a weight, the total being a solidus of 24 carats or 96 grains. Grain (unit) A grain is a unit of measurement of mass, and in the troy weight, avoirdupois, and Apothecaries' system, equal to exactly . It is nominally based upon the mass of a single virtual ideal seed of a cereal. From the Bronze Age into the Renaissance the average masses of wheat and barley grains were part of the legal definitions of units of mass. Rather, expressions such as ""thirty-two grains of wheat, taken from the middle of the ear"""
"an inch certainly predates this statute, however, appearing in the 10th-century Welsh Laws of Hywel Dda. In practice, various weights and measures acts of the English kings were standardized with reference to some particular yard-length iron, brass, or bronze bar held by the king or the Royal Exchequer. The formal barleycorn was of its length. The English statute notwithstanding, the barleycorn was also frequently taken as a measure of length equal to . As modern studies show, the actual length of a kernel of barley varies from as short as to as long as depending on the cultivar. Older sources"
"Line (unit) The line (abbreviated L or l or ‴ or lin.) was a small English unit of length, variously reckoned as , , , or of an inch. It was not included among the units authorized as the British Imperial system in 1824. The line was not recognized by any statute of the English Parliament but was usually understood as of a barleycorn, which itself was recognized by statute as of an inch but often reckoned as of an inch instead. The line was eventually decimalized as of an inch, without recourse to barleycorns. The button trade used the"
"pre-1527 English weight system known as Tower weights, was a different sort of grain known as the ""wheat grain"". The Tower wheat grain was defined as exactly of a troy grain. Since the implementation of the international yard and pound agreement of 1 July 1959, the grain or troy grain (symbol: gr) measure has been defined in terms of units of mass in the International System of Units as precisely . is approximately . The unit formerly used by jewellers to measure pearls, diamonds, or other precious stones, called the jeweller's grain or pearl grain, is equal to of a"
"1/2 bushels. The pint was the smallest unit in the corn measure. The corn gallon, one eighth of a bushel, was approximately 268.8 cubic inches. Most of the units associated with the corn measure were binary (sub)multiples of the bushel: Other units included the ""wey"" (6 or sometimes 5 seams or quarters), and the ""last"" (10 seams or quarters). The Avoirdupois, Troy and Apothecary systems of weights all shared the same finest unit, the grain; however, they differ as to the number of grains there are in a dram, ounce and pound. This grain was legally defined as the weight"
"maps at 1:50000 scale. Personally seen on the Punjab but assumed to be used in the whole of India. ""Conversion"" 1 Inch = Span of 6 Barley corns side by side by thickness, although barleycorns are not a reliable standard of measurement.<br> 1 Inch = 2.54 centimetres<br> 1 Foot = 30.48 cm<br> 1 Yard = 0.914 metre<br> 1 Mile = 1.61 Kilometre 1 coss= 2000 yards Indian units of measurement Before the introduction of the Metric system, one may divide the history of Indian systems of measurement into three main periods: the pre-Akbar's period, the period of the Akbar system,"
"was historically spelled ""aker"". A possible wording of the Act on the Composition of Yards and Perches, dating from around 1300, is: It is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make an inch, 12 inches make 1 foot, 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a half make a perch, and 40 perches in length and 4 in breadth make an acre. The acre was roughly the amount of land tillable by a yoke of oxen in one day. This explains one definition as the area of a rectangle with sides of length one chain"
"were also Rods, Poles and Perches for measurements of length. The following table lists the equivalents. The grain was the earliest unit of mass and is the smallest unit in the apothecary, avoirdupois, Tower, and troy systems. The early unit was a grain of wheat or barleycorn used to weigh the precious metals silver and gold. Larger units preserved in stone standards were developed that were used as both units of mass and of monetary currency. The pound was derived from the mina used by ancient civilizations. A smaller unit was the shekel, and a larger unit was the talent."
"Barley 320 pounds; Oatmeal 140 pounds. Nipperkin was also used, but perhaps not part of this more formal set. Standard Measures of Scotland before 1707: Weight was measured according to ""troy measure"" (Lanark) and ""tron measure"" (Edinburgh), which were standardised in 1661. In the Troy system these often bore the same name as imperial measures. Various local measures all existed, often using local weighing stones. See also the weight meanings of the boll under the dry volume section, above. Scottish units Scottish or Scots units of measurement are the weights and measures peculiar to Scotland which were nominally replaced by"
"leading to serious complications in trade, taxation, etc. Around the year 1300, by royal decree England standardized a long list of measures. Among the important units of distance and length at the time were the foot, yard, rod (or pole), furlong, and the mile. The rod was defined as yards or feet, and the mile was eight furlongs, so the definition of the furlong became 40 rods and that of the mile became 5,280 feet (eight furlongs/mile times 40 rods/furlong times feet/rod). A description from 1675 states, ""Dimensurator or Measuring Instrument whereof the mosts usual has been the Chain, and"
"as the weight needed for 252.458 units to balance a cubic inch of distilled water at 30 inches of mercury pressure and 62 degrees Fahrenheit for both the air and water. Another book states that Captain Henry Kater, of the British Standards Commission, arrived at this value experimentally. The grain was the legal foundation of traditional English weight systems, and is the only unit that is equal throughout the troy, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems of mass. The unit was based on the weight of a single grain of barley, considered equivalent to grains of wheat. The fundamental unit of the"
"Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement were used primarily by ancient Israelites and appear frequently within the Hebrew Bible as well as in later Judaic scripture, such as the Mishnah and Talmud. These units of measurement are still an important part of Jewish life today. There is much debate within Judaism, as well as by outside scholars, about the exact relationship between measurements in the system and those in other measurement systems. Classical statements, such as that an ""Etzba"" was seven barleycorns laid side by side, or that a ""Log"" was equal to six"
"Yard The yard (abbreviation: yd) is an English unit of length, in both the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement, that comprises 3 feet or 36 inches. Since 1959 it is by international agreement standardized as exactly 0.9144 meters. The name derives from the Old English ', ', &c., which was used for branches, staves, and measuring rods. It is first attested in the late-7th century laws of Ine of Wessex, where the ""yard of land"" mentioned is the yardland, an old English unit of tax assessment equal to hide. Around the same time, the Lindisfarne Gospels account"
"15 old feet to 16 new feet.) In 1324 Edward II systematized units of length by defining the inch as 3 barleycorns, the foot as 12 inches, the yard as 3 feet, the perch as 5 yards, and the acre as an area 4 by 40 perches. Apart from the ell (45 inches or 114.3 cm, which continued to be used in the cloth trade) and the chain (introduced by Edmund Gunter in 1620, and used in land surveying), these units formed the basis of the units of length of the English system of measurement. The units were however redefined"
"the furlong and the rood appear to be units related to ploughing procedures. Of particular interest was the rood which was 15 North German feet in length, the North German foot being equivalent to 335 mm (13.2 inches). Craftsmen, on the other hand used a shorter Roman foot. Standardization of weights and measures was a recurring issue for monarchs. In 965 AD, King Edgar decreed ""that only one weight and one measure should pass throughout the King's dominion"". In 1197 Richard I decreed that the measures of corn and pulse, and of wine and ale should be the same throughout"
"less common in 1696 when laws were passed requiring all oatmeal to be sold by weight rather than measure. It finally disappeared with the introduction of Imperial units by the Weights and Measures Act 1824. Firlot The firlot was a dry measure used in Scotland. For centuries it was the primary measure for all grains sold in the country. In the Scottish system a firlot was equal to 4 pecks, and the boll was equal to 4 firlots. The first attempt of the Scottish Parliament to define the firlot was in 1426. They set it as 1,200 Scottish cubic inches"
"Tola (unit) The tola (; ; ; ""tolā"". from ; ""tolaka"") Punjabi ਤੋਲਾ, also transliterated as tolah or tole, is a traditional Ancient Indian and South Asian unit of mass, now standardised as 180 troy grains () or exactly 3/8 troy ounce. It was the base unit of mass in the British Indian system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer. It was also used in Aden and Zanzibar: in the latter, one tola was equivalent to 175.90 troy grains (0.97722222 British tolas, or 11.33980925 grams). The tola is a Vedic"
"records and the Hebrew Bible indicate that length was first measured with the forearm, hand, or finger and that time was measured by the periods of the sun, moon, and other heavenly bodies. When it was necessary to compare the capacities of containers such as gourds or clay or metal vessels, they were filled with plant seeds which were then counted to measure the volumes. When means for weighing were invented, seeds and stones served as standards. For instance, the carat, still used as a unit for gems, was derived from the carob seed. The Egyptian cubit, the Indus Valley"
"Irish measure Irish measure or plantation measure was a system of units of land measurement used in Ireland from the 16th century plantations until the 19th century, with residual use into the 20th century. The units were based on ""English measure"" but used a linear perch measuring as opposed to the English rod of . Thus, linear units such as the furlong and mile, which were defined in terms of perches, were longer by a factor of 14:11 (~27% more) in Irish measure, while areas such as the rood or acre were larger by 196:121 (~62% more). After the Act"
"different lengths. Based on data from the following: In England, the rod is first defined in law by the Composition of Yards and Perches, one of the statutes of uncertain date from the late 13th to early 14th centuries. The length of the ""chain"" was standardized in 1620 by Edmund Gunter at exactly four rods. Fields were measured in ""acres"", which were one chain (four rods) by one furlong (in the United Kingdom, ten chains). Bars of metal one rod long were used as standards of length when surveying land. The rod was still in use as a common unit"
"II . Its wording varies in surviving accounts. One reads: It is ordained that 3 grains of barley dry and round do make an inch, 12 inches make 1 foot, 3 feet make 1 yard, 5 yards and a half make a perch, and 40 perches in length and 4 in breadth make an acre. The Liber Horn states: And be it remembered that the iron yard of our Lord the King containeth 3 feet and no more, and a foot ought to contain 12 inches by the right measure of this yard measured, to wit, the 36th part of"
"Coomb (unit) A coomb is a measure of volume. Its exact original details are not known. In 13th century England it was defined as 4 bushels (~140 L). It was in use in Norfolk until the 1790s or later, as a dry measure: """"Ben sold my Wheat to the Marlingford Miller this Morning for 19 shillings per Coomb"""" - Parson Woodforde's Diary, May 20, 1786. The 4-bushel bag was the standard international shipping unit for grain, and the coomb was in common use in farming in Suffolk until well after the end of World War II, in fact for as"
"Coomb (unit) A coomb is a measure of volume. Its exact original details are not known. In 13th century England it was defined as 4 bushels (~140 L). It was in use in Norfolk until the 1790s or later, as a dry measure: """"Ben sold my Wheat to the Marlingford Miller this Morning for 19 shillings per Coomb"""" - Parson Woodforde's Diary, May 20, 1786. The 4-bushel bag was the standard international shipping unit for grain, and the coomb was in common use in farming in Suffolk until well after the end of World War II, in fact for as"
"Emirates and in all the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) countries. Tola is still used as a measure of ""charas."" (Indian hashish) Tola (unit) The tola (; ; ; ""tolā"". from ; ""tolaka"") Punjabi ਤੋਲਾ, also transliterated as tolah or tole, is a traditional Ancient Indian and South Asian unit of mass, now standardised as 180 troy grains () or exactly 3/8 troy ounce. It was the base unit of mass in the British Indian system of weights and measures introduced in 1833, although it had been in use for much longer. It was also"