"of ""L. tatarica"" var. ""pulchella"" has been used as chewing gum. Lactuca tatarica Lactuca tatarica, the blue lettuce, is a Eurasian and North American species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia, and North America. ""Lactuca tatarica"" is an herb up to 60 cm (2 feet) tall, with a large taproot. Most of the leaves are near the base of the plant, larger than leaves farther up. Each flower head has about 20 blue or purple (rarely white) ray flowers but no disc flowers. Among the Zuni people of"
"Turnip The turnip or white turnip (""Brassica rapa"" subsp. ""rapa"") is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ""turnip"" is a compound of ""tur-"" as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ""neep"", derived from Latin ""napus"", the word for the plant. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. In the north of England, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and eastern Canada (Newfoundland), turnip (or ""neep"") often refers to rutabaga, a larger, yellow root vegetable in the same genus (Brassica) also known as swede"
"still the heart shield in the arms of Keutschach am See. Turnip The turnip or white turnip (""Brassica rapa"" subsp. ""rapa"") is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ""turnip"" is a compound of ""tur-"" as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ""neep"", derived from Latin ""napus"", the word for the plant. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. In the north of England, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and eastern Canada (Newfoundland), turnip (or ""neep"") often refers to rutabaga, a larger, yellow"
"described as a combination of rhubarb and lime. The juice of the naranjilla is green and is often used as a juice or for a fermented drink called lulada. Within the genus ""Solanum"", ""S. quitoense"" is a part of the subgenus Leptostemonum. Within this clade, ""S. quitoense"" belongs to the section Lasiocarpa. Other species within Lasiocarpa include: ""S. candidum"", ""S. hyporhodium"", ""S. lasiocarpum"", ""S. felinum"", ""S. psudolulo"", ""S. repandum"" and ""S. vestissimum"". Other plants bear morphological similarity to ""S. quitoense"", but they may or may not be closely related. Some of these plants are: ""S. hirtum"", ""S. myiacanthum"", ""S. pectinatum"","
"Cucurbita Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica. Five species are grown worldwide for their edible fruit, variously known as squash, pumpkin, or gourd depending on species, variety, and local parlance, and for their seeds. Other kinds of gourd, also called bottle-gourds, are native to Africa and belong to the genus ""Lagenaria"", which is in the same family and subfamily as ""Cucurbita"" but in a different tribe. These other gourds are used as utensils or vessels, and their young fruits are eaten"
"Lathyrus sativus Lathyrus sativus, also known as grass pea, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch, is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. The seeds contain a neurotoxin that causes a neurodegenerative disease when the seeds are consumed as a primary protein source for a prolonged period. ""Lathyrus sativus"""
"species. Since the turnip had been named first by Linnaeus, the name ""Brassica rapa"" was adopted. Many butterflies, including the small white, pollinate the ""B. rapa"" flowers. Brassica rapa Brassica rapa is a plant consisting of various widely cultivated subspecies including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and cime di rapa (leaf vegetables); and ""Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera"", an oilseed which has many common names, including ""turnip rape"", ""field mustard"", ""bird rape"", and ""keblock"". The oil made from the seed is sometimes also called ""canola"" or ""colza"", which is one reason why it is sometimes confused"
"Butternut squash Butternut squash (""Cucurbita moschata""), sometimes known in Australia and New Zealand as butternut pumpkin or gramma, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the bottom. When ripe, it turns increasingly deep orange, and becomes sweeter and richer. It is a good source of fiber, vitamin C, magnesium, and potassium; and it is a source of vitamin A. Although technically a fruit, butternut squash is used as a vegetable"
"are edible raw or cooked. ""S. ellipticum"" used to (and in some treatments still does) include ""S. quadriloculatum"" as variety ""duribaccalis"", but generally these two species of ""bush tomatoes"" are considered distinct nowadays. Similarly, the former variety ""horridum"" is now ""S. senticosum"", the ""S. echinatum"" of Robert Brown was sometimes treated as var. ""pannifolium"", and ""S. esuriale"" was included in ""S. ellipticum"" as form ""inermis"". A few now-invalid names for ""S. ellipticum"" also exist; mostly they refer to potatobush plants believed to be distinct forms or varieties but today not considered to be taxonomically distinct: Solanum ellipticum Solanum ellipticum is"
"Lathyrus Lathyrus (commonly known as peavines or vetchlings) is a genus in the legume family Fabaceae and contains approximately 160 species. They are native to temperate areas, with a breakdown of 52 species in Europe, 30 species in North America, 78 in Asia, 24 in tropical East Africa, and 24 in temperate South America. There are annual and perennial species which may be climbing or bushy. This genus has numerous sections, including ""Orobus"", which was once a separate genus. Many species are cultivated as garden plants. The genus includes the garden sweet pea (""Lathyrus odoratus"") and the perennial everlasting pea"
"Eruca sativa Arugula or rocket (""Eruca sativa""; syns. ""E. vesicaria"" subsp. ""sativa"" (Miller) Thell., ""Brassica eruca"" L.) is an edible annual plant in the family Brassicaceae used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh peppery flavor. Other common names include garden rocket, (British, Australian, South African, Irish and New Zealand English), and eruca. Some additional names are ""rocket salad"", ""rucola"", ""rucoli"", ""rugula"", ""colewort"", and ""roquette"". ""Eruca sativa"", which is widely popular as a salad vegetable, is a species of ""Eruca"" native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal in the west to Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey in the east."
"that are eaten before the rinds and seeds begin to harden are called summer squash and belong to the species C. pepo. Pumpkins also belong to that species, but large, late, smooth, symmetrical forms of C. maxima and C. moschata are sometimes called ""pumpkins"" regardless of species. The word ""pumpkin"" is derived from the old French term pompion, meaning eaten when ""cooked by the sun,"" or ripe. In modern French, pumpkin is called potiron. All three species of squashes and pumpkins are native to the Western Hemisphere. C. maxima, represented now by such varieties as Hubbard, Delicious, Marblehead, Boston Marrow,"
"raceme inflorescence is a tall stalk of rich purple flowers, each with a bright yellow spot. The occasional variant has white flowers. The fruit is a silky legume pod up to in length containing mottled brown seeds. There are several named variants of this species, including: Lupinus excubitus Lupinus excubitus is a species of lupine known as the grape soda lupine. Its common name refers to its sweet scent, which is said to be very reminiscent of grape soda. This species and its variants are found in Southwestern United States, especially in California and Nevada, e.g., Death Valley and Joshua"
"of ""L. sativus"" that produce less ODAP. Crop wild relatives are prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve cultivars. ICARDA is currently evaluating crop wild relatives to explore the genes with low or no ODAP and resistant/tolerant to biotic/abiotic stresses and transfer them to cultivated grass pea. Lathyrus sativus Lathyrus sativus, also known as grass pea, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch, is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas"
"Cassava Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, yuca, macaxeira, mandioca, aipim and Brazilian arrowroot, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Spanish and in the United States, it differs from yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fried, granular form is named ""garri"". Cassava is the third-largest"
"(""Lathyrus latifolius""). Flowers on these cultivated species may be rose, red, maroon, pink, white, yellow, purple or blue, and some are bicolored. They are also grown for their fragrance. Cultivated species are susceptible to fungal infections including downy and powdery mildew. Other species are grown for food, including the Indian pea (""L. sativus"") and the red pea (""L. cicera""), and less commonly Cyprus-vetch (""L. ochrus"") and Spanish vetchling (""L. clymenum""). The tuberous pea (""L. tuberosus"") is grown as a root vegetable for its starchy edible tuber. The seeds of some ""Lathyrus"" species contain the toxic amino acid oxalyldiaminopropionic acid and"
"Rapeseed Rapeseed (""Brassica napus""), also known as rape, oilseed rape, (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. The term ""rape"" derives from the Latin word for turnip, ""rapum"". Rapeseed is known by many common names in the English language. Some names have only been applied to certain subspecies (subsp.), forms (f.), or varieties (var.) of ""B. napus"". ""B. napus"" = ""B. napus"" subsp. ""napus"" = ""B."
"mushrooms. This is the case for example for the north temperate species ""Lactarius deliciosus"", ""Lactifluus volemus"", or ""Russula vesca"", and other species are popular in other parts of the world, e.g. ""Lactarius indigo"" in Mexico, or ""Lactifluus edulis"" in tropical Africa. Some species, like ""Russula vesca"", can even be eaten raw. The brittle texture of ""Russula"" fruitbodies makes them different from other mushrooms and is not appreciated by some. Several species have a hot to very acrid taste and can cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite this, such species are eaten in some regions, e.g. ""Lactarius torminosus"" in Finland or Russia. Often,"
"oil and the condiment mustard. Over 30 wild species and hybrids are in cultivation, plus numerous cultivars and hybrids of cultivated origin. Most are seasonal plants (annuals or biennials), but some are small shrubs. ""Brassica"" plants have been the subject of much scientific interest for their agricultural importance. Six particular species (""B. carinata"", ""B. juncea"", ""B. oleracea"", ""B. napus"", ""B. nigra"", and ""B. rapa"") evolved by the combining of chromosomes from three earlier species, as described by the Triangle of U theory. The genus is native to Western Europe, the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Asia. Many wild species grow"
"sunflower (""Helianthus annuus""), and prickly lettuce (""Lactuca serriola""). Adults can detect a chemical change in wilted lettuce and sunflowers and will tend to avoid these plants. The young feed on various grains, alfalfa and hay crops, while the adults attack the corn, cotton and deciduous fruit crops. A single swarm can destroy a young crop in a few days. Because this species tends to feed in large swarms, it is a serious threat to farming in most of its range. In the northern part of the range it is about as numerous as the two-striped grasshopper (""Melanoplus bivittatus"") but it"
"clay soils, grasslands, coniferous forests, and areas in the San Jacinto, Santa Rosa and San Gabriel Mountains. Its distribution extends across the state of California except for the eastern deserts and the plateaus east of the Sierra Nevada. This lupine blooms from April to August. It is one of the foodplants of the endangered mission blue butterfly. There are two varieties. ""Lupinus formosus"" var. ""robustus"" is confined to the Sierra Nevada and the Southern Coast Ranges of California, while var ""formosus"" is more widespread. Lupinus formosus Lupinus formosus, the summer lupine or western lupine, is a species of flowering plant"
"Pachyrhizus erosus Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jicama ( or ; Spanish ""jícama"" ; from Nahuatl ""xīcamatl"", ), Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus ""Pachyrhizus"" in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term ""yam bean"" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas. ""Pachyrhizus tuberosus"" and ""Pachyrhizus ahipa"" are the other"
"Cucurbita argyrosperma Cucurbita argyrosperma, also the Japanese pie pumpkin or cushaw pumpkin, and silver-seed gourd, is a species of winter squash originally from the south of Mexico. This annual herbaceous plant is cultivated in the Americas for its nutritional value: its flowers, shoots, and fruits are all harvested, but it is cultivated most of all for its seeds, which are used for sauces. It was formerly known as ""Cucurbita mixta"". It is a ""Cucurbita"" species, with pumpkin varieties that are commonly cultivated in the United States as part of the Eastern Agricultural Complex and Mexico south to Nicaragua. Of all"
"also used the spelling ""simlin"" in his journal entries. Simlin, variously spelled simblin, symnel, cymling, cimnel (Thomas Jefferson's spelling) and simnel were words for summer squash, particularly ""Cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo"", common name pattypan squash. The word ""simnel"" was used because of the visual similarity between the squash and the simnel cake. Summer squash Summer squash are squashes that are harvested when immature, while the rind is still tender and edible. Nearly all summer squashes are varieties of ""Cucurbita pepo"", though not all ""Cucurbita pepo"" are considered summer squashes. Most summer squash have a bushy growth habit, unlike the rambling"
"thick stalks. It is a cool season annual crop. Sprouting broccoli has a larger number of heads with many thin stalks. Purple cauliflower is a type of broccoli grown in Europe and North America. It has a head shaped like cauliflower, but consisting of tiny flower buds. It sometimes, but not always, has a purple cast to the tips of the flower buds. Other cultivar groups of ""Brassica oleracea"" include cabbage (Capitata Group), cauliflower and Romanesco broccoli (Botrytis Group), kale and collard greens (Acephala Group), kohlrabi (Gongylodes Group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group), and kai-lan (Alboglabra Group). Rapini, sometimes called ""broccoli"
"a month or two. Pachyrhizus erosus Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jicama ( or ; Spanish ""jícama"" ; from Nahuatl ""xīcamatl"", ), Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus ""Pachyrhizus"" in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term ""yam bean"" can be another name for jícama. The other major species of yam beans are also indigenous within the Americas. ""Pachyrhizus tuberosus"" and ""Pachyrhizus"
"legume pod 1 or long containing seeds which resemble ""pieces of granite."" Lupinus citrinus Lupinus citrinus is a species of lupine known by the common names orange lupine, orangeflower lupine, and fragrant lupine. It is endemic to California, where it is known from a section of the Sierra Nevada foothills extending from Mariposa to Fresno Counties. This is an annual herb growing tall. Each palmate leaf is made up of 6 to 9 leaflets up to long. The herbage is coated in tiny white hairs. The inflorescence bears several flowers, sometimes in whorls. Each flower is roughly a centimeter long"
"Cucurbita pepo Cucurbita pepo is a cultivated plant of the genus ""Cucurbita"". It yields varieties of winter squash and pumpkin, but the most widespread varieties belong to the subspecies ""Cucurbita pepo"" subsp. ""pepo"", called summer squash. It has been domesticated in the New World for thousands of years. Some authors maintain that ""C. pepo"" is derived from ""C. texana"", while others suggest that ""C. texana"" is merely feral ""C. pepo"". They have a wide variety of uses, especially as a food source and for medical conditions. ""C. pepo"" seems more closely related to ""C. fraterna"", though disagreements exist about the"
"word, in turn, developed from the Latin word """", ""a bunch of grapes"". Raisin varieties depend on the type of grape used, and are made in a variety of sizes and colors including green, black, brown, blue, purple, and yellow. Seedless varieties include the sultana (the common American type is known as Thompson Seedless in the USA), the Greek currants (black corinthian raisins,"" Vitis vinifera ""L. var. Apyrena) and Flame grapes. Raisins are traditionally sun-dried, but may also be water-dipped and artificially dehydrated. ""Golden raisins"" are generally dried in dehydrators with controlled temperature and humidity, which allows them to retain"
"Lomatium Lomatium is a genus of about 75 species of perennial herbs native to western North America; its common names include biscuitroot, Indian parsley, and desert parsley. It is in the Apiaceae family and therefore related to many familiar edible species such as carrots and celery; some ""Lomatium"" species were extensively used by Native Americans in the inland Northwest as a staple food. Roots range from woody taproots to more fleshy underground tuberous-thickened roots. Most lomatiums are desert species or grow on bluffs where water is limited for most of the year. They are green and grow the most during"
"Lactarius helvus Lactarius helvus, commonly known as fenugreek milkcap, is a member of the large milkcap genus ""Lactarius"" in the order Russulales. Fruiting bodies can be found in ""Sphagnum"" moss in coniferous and deciduous woodland in Europe, and possibly North America, although considerable debate continues about the North American variety, formerly referred to as ""Lactarius aquifluus"". Mushrooms are pale brown-grey or beige in colour and funnel-shaped, with colourless, watery milk. Its distinctive smell has been likened to fenugreek, celery, liquorice, or Maggi instant soup. Mildly toxic when raw, it has been implicated in the poisoning of 418 people near Leipzig"
"Parsnip The parsnip (""Pastinaca sativa"") is a root vegetable closely related to the carrot and parsley. It is a biennial plant usually grown as an annual. Its long, tuberous root has cream-colored skin and flesh; and left in the ground to mature, it becomes sweeter in flavor after winter frosts. In its first growing season, the plant has a rosette of pinnate, mid-green leaves. If unharvested, it produces its flowering stem, topped by an umbel of small yellow flowers, in its second growing season. By this time, the stem is woody and the tuber is inedible. The seeds are pale"
"up to 5. The fruit is a flat pod. The Cherokee had several uses for the plant. They used the root medicinally for toothache. They fed an infusion of the plant to cows as a tonic. The wood was useful for making fences, bows, and blowgun darts, and for building houses. There are at least 5 varieties: Robinia hispida Robinia hispida, known as the bristly locust, rose-acacia, or moss locust, is a shrub in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States, and it is present in other areas, including other regions"