"Kilobyte The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The International System of Units (SI) defines the prefix ""kilo"" as 1000 (10); per this definition, one kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The internationally recommended unit symbol for the kilobyte is kB. In some areas of information technology, particularly in reference to digital memory capacity, ""kilobyte"" instead denotes 1024 (2) bytes. This arises from the powers-of-two sizing common to memory circuit design. In this context, the symbols K and KB are often used. In the International System of Units (SI) the prefix ""kilo"" means 1000 (10); therefore, one"
"kilobyte is 1000 bytes. The unit symbol is kB. This is the definition recommended by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). This definition, and the related definitions of the prefixes mega (), giga (), etc., are most commonly used for data transfer rates in computer networks, internal bus, hard drive and flash media transfer speeds, and for the capacities of most storage media, particularly hard drives, flash-based storage, and DVDs. It is also consistent with the other uses of the SI prefixes in computing, such as CPU clock speeds or measures of performance. The IEC 80000-13 standard uses the term 'byte'"
"Kilobit The kilobit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information or computer storage. The prefix ""kilo-"" (symbol k) is defined in the International System of Units (SI) as a multiplier of 10 (1 thousand), and therefore, The kilobit has the unit symbol kbit or kb. Using the common byte size of 8 bits, 1 kbit is equal to 125 bytes. The kilobit is commonly used in the expression of data rates of digital communication circuits as kilobits per second (kbit/s or kb/s), or abbreviated as ""kbps"", as in, for example, ""a 56 kbps PSTN circuit"", or ""a"
"kilobyte. The latter term is often used in some contexts as a synonym for ""kibibyte"", but formally refers to 10 bytes = 1000 bytes, as the prefix ""kilo"" is defined in the International System of Units. The binary interpretation of the metric prefixes causes relatively small differences with the smallest prefixes in the series, i.e. for ""kilo"" and ""mega"", but grows to substantial differences beyond. Donald Knuth proposed to call this unit a ""large kilobyte"" (""KKB""). In product advertising and other non-scientific publications, ""kilobyte"" sometimes refers to a power of ten and sometimes a power of two. Kibibyte The kibibyte"
"""kilobyte"", when applied to computer memory, came to be used to mean 1024 bytes instead of 1000. This usage is not consistent with the SI. Compliance with the SI requires that the prefixes take their 1000-based meaning, and that they are not to be used as placeholders for other numbers, like 1024. The use of K in the binary sense as in a ""32K core"" meaning words, i.e., words, can be found as early as 1959. Gene Amdahl's seminal 1964 article on IBM System/360 used ""1K"" to mean 1024. This style was used by other computer vendors, the CDC 7600"
"use in some fields of computer science and information technology. It uses ""kilobyte"" to mean 2 bytes (= 1024 bytes), because of the mathematical coincidence that 2 is approximately 10. The reason for this application is that digital hardware and architectures natively use base 2 exponentiation, and not decimal systems. JEDEC memory standards still permit this definition, but acknowledge the correct SI usage. NIST comments on the confusion caused by these contrasting definitions: ""Faced with this reality, the ""IEEE Standards Board"" decided that IEEE standards will use the conventional, internationally adopted, definitions of the SI prefixes"", instead of kilo for"
"conflicting with the SI definition of the prefix ""kilo"" (1000), used to be common. One thousand twenty-four kibibytes (1024 KiB) is equal to one mebibyte (1 MiB). The prefix ""kibi"" is derived as a portmanteau of the words ""kilo"" and ""binary"", indicating its origin in the closeness in value to the SI prefix ""kilo"" (1000). While the SI prefix is written with lowercase (k), all IEC binary prefixes start with an uppercase letter. One byte is defined by IEC/80000-13 as 8 bits (1 B = 8 bit). Therefore, 1 KiB = 8192 bit. The kibibyte is closely related to the"
"(Gbit/s). In this application, kilo, mega and giga are the standard S.I. prefixes indicating multiplication by 1,000 (kilo), 1,000,000 (mega), and 1,000,000,000 (giga). File sizes are typically measured in bytes — kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes being usual, where a byte is eight bits. In modern textbooks one kilobyte is defined as 1,000 byte, one megabyte as 1,000,000 byte, etc., in accordance with the 1998 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard. However, the convention adopted by Windows systems is to define 1 kilobyte is as 1,024 (or 2) bytes, which is equal to 1 kibibyte. Similarly, a file size of ""1 megabyte"""
"size information. The maximum file size in the FAT32 file system, for example, is 4,294,967,295 bytes, which is one byte less than four gibibytes. Kilobyte (KB) (JEDEC), is sometimes referred to unambiguously as kibibyte (KiB)(IEC). Sometimes kB, with lower cased SI-prefix ""k-"" for kilo (1000), is used, then always equaling 1000 bytes. A file system may display all sizes with the metric system with only ""kB"" on small files indicating it, while some file systems/operating systems would display sizes in, the traditionally used on computers, binary system for all sizes, e.g. ""KB"", even if hard disk manufacturers may prefer to"
"Gigabyte The gigabyte () is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix ""giga"" means 10 in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is . The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB. This definition is used in all contexts of science, engineering, business, and many areas of computing, including hard drive, solid state drive, and tape capacities, as well as data transmission speeds. However, the term is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote (1024 or 2) bytes, particularly for sizes of RAM. The use of ""gigabyte"""
"1024. To address this conflict, a new set of binary prefixes has been introduced, which is based on powers of 2. Therefore, 1024 bytes are defined as one kibibyte (1 KiB). When units occur in exponentiation, such as in square and cubic forms, any multiplier prefix is considered part of the unit, and thus included in the exponentiation. Kilo- Kilo is a decimal unit prefix in the metric system denoting multiplication by one thousand (10). It is used in the International System of Units where it has the unit symbol k, in lower case. The prefix ""kilo"" is derived from"
"SI definition, 1 kbit/s = 1000 bit/s, is used uniformly in the context of telecommunication transmission speeds. The kilobit is closely related to the much less used kibibit, a unit multiple derived from the binary prefix ""kibi-"" (symbol Ki) of the same order of magnitude, which is equal to = 1024 bits, or approximately 2% larger than the kilobit. Despite the definitions of these new prefixes, meant for binary-based quantities of storage by international standards organizations, memory semiconductor chips are still marketed using the metric prefix names to designate binary multiples. Kilobit The kilobit is a multiple of the unit"
"semiconductor chips are still marketed using the metric prefix names to designate binary multiples. Using the common byte size of eight bits and the standardized metric definition of megabit and kilobyte, 1 megabit is equal to 125 kilobytes (kB) or approximately 122 kibibytes (KiB). The megabit is widely used when referring to data transfer rates of computer networks or telecommunications systems. Network transfer rates and download speeds often use the megabit as the amount transferred per time unit, e.g., a 100 Mbit/s (megabit per second) Fast-Ethernet connection, or a 10 Mbit/s Internet access service, whereas the sizes of data units"
"of Units (SI) as a multiplier of 10. The binary prefixes have been accepted by all major standards organizations and are part of the International System of Quantities. Many Linux distributions use the unit, but it is not widely acknowledged within the industry or media. One thousand twenty-four mebibytes (1024 MiB) is equal to one gibibyte (1 GiB). The prefix ""mebi"" is a binary prefix derived from the words mega and binary, indicating its origin in the closeness in value to the SI prefix ""mega"". One mebibyte (MiB) is 2, i.e. 1024 × 1024 bytes, or . Despite its official"
"megabyte. The latter term is often used as a synonym for mebibyte, but it formally refers to 1000 kilobytes, or 1,000,000 bytes. The binary prefix ""mebi"", which is a factor of 2, was created to provide an unambiguous unit that is distinct from the metric SI prefix ""mega"" (""M""). Binary prefixes are becoming more predominant in scholarly literature, descriptions of computer hardware and open source software. Many operating systems compute file size in mebibytes, but report the number as MB (megabytes). For example, all versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system show a file of 2 bytes as ""1.00 MB"""
"Gibibyte The gibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The binary prefix ""gibi"" means 2, therefore one gibibyte is equal to = 1024 mebibytes. The unit symbol for the gibibyte is GiB. It is one of the units with binary prefixes defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1998. The gibibyte is closely related to the gigabyte (GB), which is defined by the IEC as 10 bytes = , ≈ . 1024 gibibytes are equal to one tebibyte. In the context of computer memory, gigabyte and GB are customarily used to mean 1024 (2) bytes,"
"Terabyte The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix ""tera"" represents the fourth power of 1000, and means 10 in the International System of Units (SI), and therefore one terabyte is one trillion (short scale) bytes. The unit symbol for the terabyte is TB. 1 TB = = = . A related unit, the tebibyte (TiB), using a binary prefix, is equal to 1024 bytes. One terabyte is about 0.9095 TiB. Despite the introduction of these standardized binary prefixes, the terabyte is still also commonly used in some computer operating systems, primarily Microsoft Windows,"
"capacity of , not 300x1024 (which would be ) bytes. Gigabyte The gigabyte () is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix ""giga"" means 10 in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one gigabyte is . The unit symbol for the gigabyte is GB. This definition is used in all contexts of science, engineering, business, and many areas of computing, including hard drive, solid state drive, and tape capacities, as well as data transmission speeds. However, the term is also used in some fields of computer science and information technology to denote (1024 or 2)"
"is 1,024 × 1,024 byte, equal to 1 mebibyte), and ""1 gigabyte"" 1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024 byte = 1 gibibyte). It is usual for people to abbreviate commonly used expressions. For file sizes, it is usual for someone to say that they have a '64 k' file (meaning 64 kilobytes), or a '100 meg' file (meaning 100 megabytes). When talking about circuit bit rates, people will interchangeably use the terms throughput, bandwidth and speed, and refer to a circuit as being a '64 k' circuit, or a '2 meg' circuit — meaning 64 kbit/s or 2 Mbit/s (see also"
"512 kbit/s broadband Internet connection"". The unit symbol kb (lowercase 'b') is typographically similar to the international standard unit symbol for the kilobyte, i.e. kB (upper case 'B'). The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) recommends the symbol bit instead of b. The prefix ""kilo-"" is often used in fields of computer science and information technology with a meaning of multiplication by 1024 instead of 1000, contrary to international standards, in conjunction with the base unit byte and bit, in which case it is to be written as ""Ki-"", with a capital letter K, e.g., 1 Kibit = 1024 bits. The decimal"
"Megabyte The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Its recommended unit symbol is MB. The unit prefix ""mega"" is a multiplier of (10) in the International System of Units (SI). Therefore, one megabyte is one million bytes of information. This definition has been incorporated into the International System of Quantities. However, in the computer and information technology fields, several other definitions are used that arose for historical reasons of convenience. A common usage has been to designate one megabyte as (2 B), a measurement that conveniently expresses the binary multiples inherent in digital computer memory"
"256 values (2). (The term ""byte"" once meant (and in some cases, still means) a collection of bits, typically of 5 to 32 bits, rather than only an 8-bit unit.) The prefix ""kilo"", in conjunction with ""byte"", may be, and has traditionally been, used, to mean 1,024 (2). However, in general, the term ""kilo"" has been used in the International System of Units to mean 1,000 (10). Binary prefixes have been standardized, such as ""kibi"" (Ki) meaning 1,024. Nearly all processor registers have sizes that are powers of two, 32 or 64 being most common. Powers of two occur in"
"the List of connection bandwidths). However, a '64 k' circuit will not transmit a '64 k' file in one second. This may not be obvious to those unfamiliar with telecommunications and computing, so misunderstandings sometimes arise. In actuality, a 64 kilobyte file is 64 × 1,024 × 8 bits in size and the 64 k circuit will transmit bits at a rate of 64 × 1,000 bit/s, so the amount of time taken to transmit a 64 kilobyte file over the 64 k circuit will be at least (64 × 1,024 × 8)/(64 × 1,000) seconds, which works out to"
", meaning 372 GiB. The JEDEC memory standards use IEEE 100 nomenclature which quote the gigabyte as (2 bytes). The difference between units based on decimal and binary prefixes increases as a semi-logarithmic (linear-log) function—for example, the decimal kilobyte value is nearly 98% of the kibibyte, a megabyte is under 96% of a mebibyte, and a gigabyte is just over 93% of a gibibyte value. This means that a 300 GB (279 GiB) hard disk might be indicated variously as 300 GB, 279 GB or 279 GiB, depending on the operating system. As storage sizes increase and larger units are"
"ranging from 512K to 2,048K bytes."" Megabyte was used to describe the 22-bit addressing of DEC PDP-11/70 (1975) and gigabyte the 30-bit addressing DEC VAX-11/780 (1977). In 1998, the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC introduced the binary prefixes kibi, mebi, gibi ... to mean 1024, 1024, 1024 etc., so that 1048576 bytes could be referred to unambiguously as 1 mebibyte. The IEC prefixes were defined for use alongside the International System of Quantities (ISQ) in 2009. The disk drive industry followed a different pattern. Industry practice, more thoroughly documented at Timeline of binary prefixes and continuing today, is generally to specify"
"architectures. However, most standards bodies have deprecated this usage in favor of a set of binary prefixes, in which this quantity is designated by the unit mebibyte (MiB). Less common is a convention that used the megabyte to mean 1000×1024 () bytes. The megabyte is commonly used to measure either 1000 bytes or 1024 bytes. The interpretation of using base 1024 originated as a compromise technical jargon for the byte multiples that needed to be expressed by the powers of 2 but lacked a convenient name. As 1024 (2) approximates 1000 (10), roughly corresponding to the SI prefix kilo-, it"
"Mebibyte The mebibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The binary prefix ""mebi"" means 2; therefore one ""mebibyte"" is equal to = 1024 kibibytes. The unit symbol for the mebibyte is MiB. Technically a megabyte (MB) is a power of ten, while a mebibyte (MiB) is a power of two, appropriate for binary machines. The unit was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1998. It was designed to replace the megabyte when used in the binary sense to mean 2 bytes, which conflicts with the definition of the prefix mega in the International System"
"= , or approximately 7% larger than the gigabit. Gigabit The gigabit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information or computer storage. The prefix giga (symbol G) is defined in the International System of Units (SI) as a multiplier of 10 (1 billion, short scale), and therefore The gigabit has the unit symbol Gbit or Gb. Using the common byte size of 8 bits, 1 Gbit is equal to 125 megabytes (MB) or approximately 119 mebibytes (MiB). The gigabit is closely related to the gibibit, a unit multiple derived from the binary prefix gibi (symbol Gi) of"
"Byte The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. The size of the byte has historically been hardware dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size – byte-sizes from 1 to 48 bits are known to have been used in the past. Early character encoding systems often used six bits, and machines"
"Gigabit The gigabit is a multiple of the unit bit for digital information or computer storage. The prefix giga (symbol G) is defined in the International System of Units (SI) as a multiplier of 10 (1 billion, short scale), and therefore The gigabit has the unit symbol Gbit or Gb. Using the common byte size of 8 bits, 1 Gbit is equal to 125 megabytes (MB) or approximately 119 mebibytes (MiB). The gigabit is closely related to the gibibit, a unit multiple derived from the binary prefix gibi (symbol Gi) of the same order of magnitude, which is equal to"
"was a convenient term to denote the binary multiple. In 1998 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) proposed standards for binary prefixes requiring the use of megabyte to strictly denote 1000 bytes and mebibyte to denote 1024 bytes. By the end of 2009, the IEC Standard had been adopted by the IEEE, EU, ISO and NIST. Nevertheless, the term megabyte continues to be widely used with different meanings: In this convention, one thousand megabytes (1000 MB) is equal to one gigabyte (1 GB), where 1 GB is one billion bytes. In this convention, one thousand and twenty-four megabytes (1024 MB) is"
"1024 × 1024, (Gibibytes) means 1024 × 1024 × 1024, and so on for Tebibytes, Exbibytes, Pebibytes, Zebibytes, and Yobibytes. Some implementations also understand the suffix uppercase to indicate SI units such as kB (kilobytes) for 1000 bytes or MB (Megabytes) for 1,000,000 bytes. Thus indicates a blocksize of 16 mebibytes (16,777,216 bytes), or specifies 3,000 bytes. Additionally, some implementations understand the character as a multiplication operator for both block size and count parameters. For example, is interpreted as 2 × 80 × 18 × 512 = 1474560 bytes, the exact size of a 1440 KiB floppy disk. For some"
"bytes in some contexts and to bytes in others, sometimes in reference to the same device, has led to claims of confusion, controversies, and lawsuits. The IEC created the binary prefixes (kibi, mebi, gibi, etc.) in an attempt to reduce such confusion. They are increasingly used in technical literature and open-source software, and are a component of the International System of Quantities. Gibibyte The gibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The binary prefix ""gibi"" means 2, therefore one gibibyte is equal to = 1024 mebibytes. The unit symbol for the gibibyte is GiB. It is"