"Bowman. There are also simpler and more mundane questions about the plot, in particular the causes of Hal's breakdown (explained in earlier drafts but kept mysterious in the film). The spectrum of diverse opinions appeared to divide the received interpretation of the film between theater audiences and critics. Kramer writes: ""Many people sent letters to Kubrick to tell him about their responses to ""2001"", most of them regarding the film—in particular the ending—as an optimistic statement about humanity, which is seen to be born and reborn. The film's reviewers and academic critics, by contrast, have tended to understand the film"
"adopted its name as a reference to HAL 9000; however, according to Satoru Iwata in 2012, the name was chosen because each letter precedes the letters of ""IBM"" in the alphabet. HAL 9000 HAL 9000 is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Arthur C. Clarke's ""Space Odyssey"" series. First appearing in """", HAL (Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer) is a sentient computer (or artificial general intelligence) that controls the systems of the ""Discovery One"" spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut crew. Part of HAL's hardware is shown towards the end of the film, but he is mostly depicted"
"two astronauts are eating at a table with what appear to be tablet computers as an argument against Apple's claim to the original abstract design of tablet computers. Common 21st-century computer technology not depicted in the film include keyboards, mice, mobile phones, touch screens, interfaces with windows/menus/icons. Although there are devices that resemble tablet computers, they are only used in the film as portable video screens. All of the vehicles in ""2001"" were designed with extreme care in order for the small-scale models as well as full-scale interiors to appear realistic. The modeling team was led by Kubrick's two hirees"
"HAL 9000 HAL 9000 is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Arthur C. Clarke's ""Space Odyssey"" series. First appearing in """", HAL (Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer) is a sentient computer (or artificial general intelligence) that controls the systems of the ""Discovery One"" spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut crew. Part of HAL's hardware is shown towards the end of the film, but he is mostly depicted as a camera lens containing a red or yellow dot, instances of which are located throughout the ship. HAL 9000 is voiced by Douglas Rain in the two feature film adaptations"
"film: 2001: A Space Odyssey. Acorn Computers developed and delivered an ARM based touch screen tablet computer for this program, branded the NewsPad. The device was supplied for the duration of the Barcelona-based trial, which ended in 1997. In 1996, The Webbook Company announced the first Internet-based tablet, then referred to as a Web Surfboard, that would run Java and utilize a RISC processor. However, it never went into production. Also in 1996, Palm, Inc. released the first of the Palm OS based PalmPilot touch and stylus based PDA, the touch based devices initially incorporating a Motorola Dragonball (68000) CPU."
"aired ""The Two-Thousand-Year-Old Computer""; it was also aired on 3 April 2013 in the United States on NOVA, the PBS science series, under the name ""Ancient Computer"". It documents the discovery and 2005 investigation of the mechanism by the Antikythera Mechanism Research Project. A fictionalised version of the device was a central plot point in the film ""Stonehenge Apocalypse"" (2010), where it was used as the artefact that saved the world from impending doom. Erich von Däniken, in his 1968 book ""Chariots of the Gods?"", presented it as one of the many ""evidences"" of ancient alien astronauts visiting earth and"
"Discovery One The United States Spacecraft ""Discovery One"" is a fictional spaceship featured in the first two novels of the ""Space Odyssey"" series, and in the movies """" and ""2010: The Year We Make Contact"". The ship is a nuclear-powered interplanetary spaceship, crewed by two men and controlled by the AI onboard computer HAL 9000. This spaceship is founded on solidly conceived, yet unrealized science. Its novelized and filmed appearances differ. One major concession in its filmed appearance, for the purpose of reducing confusion, was to eliminate the huge cooling ""wings"" which would be needed to radiate the heat produced"
"that despite his genius intellect, he only ever wanted nothing more than to communicate with her. He built his computer, based on the SS1X model Alice had known as the stewardess on her space flight, in an effort to see into the mind of the comatose Alice. This is why Alice is the only person able to hack the computer: it is tuned only to her mind. Unfortunately, in her coma, the older Alice only mentally repeats the last words of her best friend who had committed suicide in the year 2000. Her friend had mused that the sky was"
"and aimed upwards or downwards at any angle between 0 and 285 degrees. Discovery One The United States Spacecraft ""Discovery One"" is a fictional spaceship featured in the first two novels of the ""Space Odyssey"" series, and in the movies """" and ""2010: The Year We Make Contact"". The ship is a nuclear-powered interplanetary spaceship, crewed by two men and controlled by the AI onboard computer HAL 9000. This spaceship is founded on solidly conceived, yet unrealized science. Its novelized and filmed appearances differ. One major concession in its filmed appearance, for the purpose of reducing confusion, was to eliminate"
"Kalpana (supercomputer) Kalpana was a supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center operated by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division and named in honor of astronaut Kalpana Chawla, who was killed in the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" disaster and had worked as an engineer at Ames Research Center prior to joining the Space Shuttle program. It was built in late 2003 and dedicated on May 12, 2004. Kalpana was the world's first single-system image (SSI) Linux supercomputer, based on SGI's Altix 3000 architecture and 512 Intel processors. It was originally built in a joint effort by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Ames"
"SGI Crimson The IRIS Crimson, code named ""Diehard2"", is a Silicon Graphics (SGI) computer released in the early 1990s. It is the world's first 64-bit workstation. Crimson is a member of Silicon Graphics's SGI IRIS 4D series of deskside systems; it is also known as the 4D/510 workstation. It is similar to other SGI IRIS 4D deskside workstations, and can use a wide range of graphics options (up to RealityEngine). It is also available as a file server with no graphics. This machine makes a brief appearance in the movie ""Jurassic Park"" where the character named Lex uses the machine"
"lost in 2003. In July 2004 the Kalpana system was integrated, as the first node, into the 20-node supercomputer. Kalpana (supercomputer) Kalpana was a supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center operated by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division and named in honor of astronaut Kalpana Chawla, who was killed in the Space Shuttle ""Columbia"" disaster and had worked as an engineer at Ames Research Center prior to joining the Space Shuttle program. It was built in late 2003 and dedicated on May 12, 2004. Kalpana was the world's first single-system image (SSI) Linux supercomputer, based on SGI's Altix 3000 architecture"
"was a fictional computer named ""Colossus"" in the 1970 movie """" which was based on the 1966 novel ""Colossus"" by D. F. Jones. This was sheer coincidence as it pre-dates the public release of information about Colossus, or even its name. Neal Stephenson's novel ""Cryptonomicon"" (1999) also contains a fictional treatment of the historical role played by Turing and Bletchley Park. Colossus computer Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Colossus is"
"features an extensive use of Eurostile Bold Extended, Futura and other sans serif typefaces as design elements of the ""2001"" world. Computer displays show high resolution fonts, color and graphics—far in advance of computers in the 1960s when the film was made. To heighten the reality of the film very intricate models of the various spacecraft and locations were built. Their sizes ranged from about two-foot long models of satellites and the Aries translunar shuttle up to a 55-foot long ""Discovery One"" spacecraft. ""In-camera"" techniques were again used as much as possible to combine models and background shots together to"
"film's ""Discovery One"", ""perhaps the most thoroughly and accurately researched film in screen history with respect to aerospace engineering"". Several technical advisers were hired for ""2001"", some of whom were recommended by co-screenwriter Arthur C. Clarke, who himself had a background in aerospace. Advisors included Marshall Spaceflight Center engineer Frederick I. Ordway III, who worked on the film for two years, and I. J. Good, whom Kubrick consulted on supercomputers because of Good's authorship of treatises such as ""Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine"" and ""Logic of Man and Machine"". Dr. Marvin Minsky, of MIT, was the main artificial intelligence"
"the issue in his book ""The Lost Worlds of 2001"": IBM was consulted during the making of the film and their logo can be seen on props in the film including Pan Am Clipper's cockpit instrument panel and on the lower arm keypad on Poole's space suit. During production it was brought to IBM's attention that the film's plot included a homicidal computer but they approved association with the film if it was clear any ""equipment failure"" was not related to their products. HAL Communications Corporation is a real corporation with facilities located in Urbana, IL, which is where HAL"
"As the bone spins in the air, there is a match cut to a much more advanced tool: an orbiting satellite. The match cut helps draw a connection between the two objects as exemplars of primitive and advanced tools respectively, and serves as a neat summary of humanity's technological advancement up to that point. The satellite is unidentified in the film, but the novel makes it clear that it is an orbital weapon platform, thus linking with the use of the bone as a weapon. Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's ""A Canterbury Tale"" is a predecessor for the ""2001: A"
"AP-101B originally used in the Shuttle had core memory. The AP-101S upgrade in the early 1990s used semiconductor memory. Each AP-101 on the Shuttle was coupled with an Input-Output Processor (IOP), consisting of one Master Sequence Controller (MSC) and 24 Bus Control Elements (BCEs). The MSC and BCEs executed programs from the same memory system as the main CPU, offloading control the Shuttle's serial data bus system from the CPU. The Space Shuttle used five AP-101 computers as ""general-purpose computers"" (GPCs). Four operated in sync, for redundancy, while the fifth was a backup running software written independently. The Shuttle's guidance,"
"machine, the Programma 101, the world’s very first personal computer. The 12222 Perotto, a main belt asteroid, discovered in 1982 at the Osservatorio San Vittore in Bologna, is named after him. The innovative computer, also known as Perottina, named after its inventor, was the first computer in history purposely designed to be on a desktop. It made possible to use a computer at home, office and places previously not reached by huge mainframes of the time. Programma 101 was officially launched at the 1964 New York World's Fair, attracting major interest from the public and the press. Volume production started"
"film's hardware, including the crew's chairs inside the capsule, the orbiting laboratory—which used an early mock-up of the Skylab concept—the service module, the actual Plantronics headsets worn by the actors in the spacecraft, as well as authentic replicas of actual facilities such as the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) at Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Air Force Launch Control Center (AFLCC) at Cape Canaveral AFS. Contractors' technicians also worked on the film. The Apollo Command Module used in making the film was an actual ""boilerplate"" version of the ""Block I"" ""Apollo"" spacecraft; no Block I ever flew with"
"Apollo Guidance Computer The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and lunar module (LM). The AGC provided computation and electronic interfaces for guidance, navigation, and control of the spacecraft. The AGC has a 16-bit word length, with 15 data bits and one parity bit. Most of the software on the AGC is stored in a special read-only memory known as core rope memory, fashioned by weaving wires through magnetic cores, though a small amount of read-write core memory is available. Astronauts communicated with"
"being played on a UMPC. While the movie was quickly taken down from its original source, mirrors still exist on many other sites. Later in the week, the Associated Press confirmed that ""Origami"" was actually to be a regular PC with ""limited gaming capabilities"". The first UMPCs on the market were AMtek's T700 and Samsung's Q1. The AMtek T700 was sold in the US as the ""TabletKiosk eo v7110"", ""agoPC ago7"", and ""Azentek GB-810"", in Europe as the ""PaceBlade EasyBook P7"" and ""its Label Origami"", and in Australia the ""TabletKiosk eo v7110"" and the ""Pioneer DreamBook UMPC 700"" and in"
"computer systems, putting an end to the Array's failures. The crew finds that Barclay has become too integrated with the computer, and when they try to shut down the computer, Barclay sends the ship into a ""subspace inversion,"" jumping the ship across a great distance faster than warp travel. They arrive at the center of the Milky Way galaxy, and are met by a representative of a race of beings called the Cytherians, who are far more advanced than humans and find amusement in their ""bipedal locomotion"" and ""hierarchical collective command structure"". Barclay, who was removed from the computer by"
"by the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of Toronto, was named after Bob and Doug. The $900,000 computer is being used to simulate supermassive black holes and collisions of galaxies. The machine, nicknamed McKenzie, has 268 gigabytes of memory and 40 terabytes of disk space, and consists of two master nodes (Bob and Doug), 256 compute nodes, and eight development nodes. They played a variant of the act for the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film ""Brother Bear"" and its sequel, with their characters being the voices of a pair of goofy bull moose named Rutt and"
"Endeavour (supercomputer) Endeavour is a shared memory supercomputer at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at NASA Ames Research Center. It was named after the Space Shuttle Endeavour, the last orbiter built during NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Built in February 2013 as a replacement for the Columbia supercomputer, it consists of two nodes across three SGI UV 2000 racks with 1,536 Intel Xeon E5-4650L “Sandy Bridge” processors for a theoretical processing capability of 32 teraflops. Its global shared-memory environment allows for one processor to access the memory of other processors in the cluster as needed, giving users the ability to"
"the movie and ""HAL"" (all caps) for our small company. But, from time-to-time, we did have issues with others trying to use ""HAL"". That resulted in us paying lawyers. The offenders folded or eventually went out of business."" The scene in which HAL's consciousness degrades was inspired by Clarke's memory of a speech synthesis demonstration by physicist John Larry Kelly, Jr., who used an IBM 704 computer to synthesize speech. Kelly's voice recorder synthesizer ""vocoder"" recreated the song ""Daisy Bell"", with musical accompaniment from Max Mathews. HAL's capabilities, like all the technology in ""2001"", were based on the speculation of"
"that resembles a miniature building or maze. His wife tries unsuccessfully to break through the mental barrier with help of a friend. Jones comes to understand what has happened to him: sometime in the future, computers, originally designed to help humans with warfare, are given the power of command. They become all-powerful and all-controlling and lose sight of their original purpose. One of the two computers, ""Dulcie"", which Jones thinks of as a female, finds a way to simplify ""her"" work: Probing into the mysteries of the human brain—so convenient and puzzling a model of her own—she found the pattern"
"named after the fictional supercomputer Hal 9000, featured in both Arthur C. Clarke's novel and Stanley Kubrick's movie """" (1968). HAL stands for ""Heuristically programmed Algorithmic computer"". It is one of the best-known artificial intelligence characters in modern movies. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 4 May 1999 (). The asteroid 4923 Clarke and 10221 Kubrick were named after the writer and movie director, respectively. 9000 Hal 9000 Hal, provisional designation , is a stony background asteroid and slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered"
"in high-tech aircraft like the Boeing 777, but have also been employed in space shuttles, the first being ""Atlantis"" in 1985. Rudimentary voice-controlled computing began in the early 1980s with the SoftVoice Computer System and existed in more sophisticated form by the early 2000s, although not as sophisticated as depicted in the film. The first picture phone was demonstrated at the 1964 New York World's Fair; however, due to the bandwidth limitations of telephone lines, personal video communication did not succeed commercially and has only been practical over broadband internet connections. Personal (audio) wireless telephones were ubiquitous in 2001, and"
"the three warring nations each created a super-computer (with artificial intelligence) capable of running the war more efficiently than humans. The machines are each referred to as ""AM"", which originally stood for ""Allied Mastercomputer"", and then was later called ""Adaptive Manipulator"". Finally, ""AM"" stands for ""Aggressive Menace"". One day, one of the three computers becomes self-aware, and promptly absorbs the other two, thus taking control of the entire war. It carries out campaigns of mass genocide, killing off all but four men and one woman. The survivors live together underground in an endless complex, the only habitable place left. The"
"The next Star workstation hardware was known as a Dandelion (often shortened to ""Dlion""). It had a microprogrammed central processing unit (CPU), based on the AMD Am2900 bitslice microprocessor technology, that implemented a virtual machine for the programming language Mesa. An enhanced version of the Dandelion, with more microcode space, was dubbed the “Dandetiger.” The base Dandelion system had 384 kB memory (expandable to 1.5 MB), a 10 MB, 29 MB or 40 MB 8"" hard drive, an 8"" floppy drive, mouse and an Ethernet connection. The performance of this machine, which sold for $20,000, was about 850 in the"
"identifies himself as being activated: ""I am a HAL 9000 computer. I became operational at the H-A-L plant in Urbana Illinois on the 12th of January 1992."" The former president of HAL, Bill Henry, has stated that this is a coincidence: ""There was not and never has been any connection to ""Hal"", Arthur Clarke's intelligent computer in the screen play ""2001"" - later published as a book. We were very surprised when the movie hit the Coed Theatre on campus and discovered that the movie's computer had our name. We never had any problems with that similarity - ""Hal"" for"
"called RJE (Remote Job Entry) stations. For example, the computers behind the first Space Shuttle simulator consisted of thirty-six 32-bit minis inputing and/or outputting data to networked mainframe computers (both IBM and Univac), all in real-time. The 8/32 was used in the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona for research purposes. The 8/32 was also employed by Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. (MAGI) to produce the vast majority of the 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI) in the 1982 film ""Tron"". While CGI had been used during the 1970s for minor segments of film work (such"