"Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung The Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung (Carl Zeiss Foundation), located in Heidenheim an der Brenz and Jena, Germany, is the sole shareholder of the two companies Carl Zeiss AG and Schott AG. It was founded by Ernst Abbe in 1889 and named after his long-term partner Carl Zeiss. The products of these companies include the classic areas of optics and precision mechanisms, as well as glass (including optical glass), optoelectronics, and glass ceramics. The statutes of the foundation emphasize the social responsibility of the companies and the importance of a fair treatment of the employees. In fiscal year 2007/2008 more than 30,000 people"
"industry was specialized in industrial glass (for example measuring devices such as thermometers in the area around Ilmenau) and optical products, around Jena. In 1846, Carl Zeiss found a precision engineering and optical company that quickly developed into a world leader. In 1917, the company had employees. In 1889, Ernst Abbe founded the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, which became the sole share holder of the companies Carl Zeiss AG and Schott AG. The textile industry was also important. It was concentrated in Apolda (mostly hosiery knitting mills) and Neustadt an der Orla. Other major textile plants could be found in Wenigenjena, Eisenach, Weida,"
"of 901 Taler. Zeiss initially worked alone constructing and repairing many types of physical and chemical apparatus. Loupes cut from mirror blanks were particularly in demand. Eyeglasses, telescopes, microscopes, drawing instruments, thermometers, barometers, balances, glassblowing accessories and other apparatus purchased from foreign suppliers were also sold in a small shop. In 1847 he began to make simple microscopes which almost immediately met with especially good commercial success. Compared to his competition Vincent Chevalier of Paris, Simon Plössl of Vienna or his mentor Körner, they proved to be not only cheaper, but better. Zeiss microscopes could be focused by moving the"
"the largest and most respected optical firms in the world. His father Johann Gottfried August Zeiss (1785–1849) was born in Rastenberg, where his forefathers had worked as artisans for over 100 years. August moved with his parents to Buttstädt, a small regional capital north of Weimar, where he married Johanna Antoinette Friederike (1786–1856). August Zeiss then moved to Weimar, the capital of the grand duchy of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, leaving the family business in the hands of his brothers. There he became a well respected ornamental turner, crafting lathe turned work in mother of pearl, amber, ivory and other exotic materials. His"
"only museum of its kind in Germany. Besides the production of microscopes, Carl Zeiss took over repairing optical instruments of other manufacturers. He did this to pursue the rivalries development. At the turn from 19th to the 20th century, the staff of the Carl Zeiss company began to collect optical instruments. In June 1922, the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung established the Optical Museum; the exhibition was located in the neighbouring Volkshaus (community hall). Johannes Schreiter and Hans Schlag designed a building for the 1917 founded ""college of ophthalmology"". The reinforced concrete construction was carried out during 1923/24 by the company Dyckerhoff & Widmann"
"back to the original Carl Zeiss AG company, founded in Jena in 1846. Following World War II, Jena fell within the Soviet occupation zone, later to become East Germany. In 1948, when it was apparent that the Soviet authorities were moving toward establishing a separate Communist state in their occupation zone, most of the main Zeiss company hastily relocated to West Germany. The Soviet and East German authorities took over the old Zeiss factory in Jena and used it as the nucleus for the state-owned Kombinat VEB Zeiss Jena. The eastern Zeiss became well known for its high-quality optical equipment."
"Carl Zeiss Carl Zeiss (; 11 September 1816 – 3 December 1888) was a German scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman who founded the workshop of Carl Zeiss in 1846 which is still in business today as ""Carl Zeiss AG"". Zeiss gathered a group of gifted practical and theoretical opticians and glass makers to reshape most aspects of optical instrument production. His collaboration with Ernst Abbe revolutionized optical theory and practical design of microscopes. Their quest to extend these advances brought Otto Schott into the enterprises to revolutionize optical glass manufacture. The firm of Carl Zeiss grew to one of"
"gained worldwide reputation. One of the most important companies in the area of microscopy is Leica Microsystems (formerly known as Ernst Leitz), which in its peak times employed over 7000 people in the city. Small format (35 mm) photography was invented in Wetzlar, and Leica cameras are well known for their excellent quality. In addition there are cameras of the companies Leidolf and Minox, binoculars and telescopes made by the company Hensoldt AG (now Carl Zeiss), part of the Zeiss group (over 2,000 people employed in peak times). Other well-known firms are Philips (with about 1,200 employed at times) or"
"column that carried the optics, instead of the object stage. Zeiss’ method was more convenient on a dissecting microscope. Business was so good that he was able to hire an assistant and move to a larger workshop by early 1847. On the first of July 1847 Zeiss took the significant step of taking on his first apprentice, 17 year old August Löber (1830–1912). Löber would become one of the most important workers in the Zeiss workshops, becoming a profit sharing partner and staying with Zeiss until his death. A total of 27 simple microscopes were delivered to customers beyond the"
"Leitz GmbH"". The company expanded quickly; its newly developed binocular microscope was a market success. Carl Kellner (optician) Carl Kellner (March 26, 1826 – May 13, 1855) was a German mechanic and self-educated mathematician who founded in 1849 an ""Optical Institute"" that later became the Leitz company, makers of the Leica cameras. Carl Kellner was born in Hirzenhain, Wetteraukreis, in Hesse. In 1849 he founded in Wetzlar a company called """"Optisches Institut"""" for the production of lenses and microscopes. Kellner had invented a new achromatic combination of lenses for an eyepiece, published in his treatise ""Das orthoskopische Ocular, eine neu"
"the founding of Carl Zeiss (West Germany) in Oberkochen (while the original Jena plant was located in East Germany), each factory developed its own line of projectors.. Marks III – VI were developed in Oberkochen (West Germany) from 1957–1989. Meanwhile, the East German facility in Jena developed the ZKP projector line. The Mark VII was developed in 1993 and was the first joint project of the two Zeiss factories following German reunification. , Zeiss currently manufactures three main models of planetarium projectors. The flagship Universarium models continue the ""Mark"" model designation and use a single ""starball"" design, where the fixed"
"examinations at Breslau. He then moved to the University of Berlin. At age 19 in 1847 he received a degree in botany at Berlin. He remained studying botany for another couple of years in Berlin, where he came in contact with many of the top scientists of his time. In 1849 he returned to the University of Breslau and he remained at that university for the rest of his career as a teacher and researcher. On his initial return to Breslau in his early twenties, his father had bought for him a large and expensive microscope made by Simon Plössl."
"to make new barometers by himself. So the family began mass production in the early 1861. They had made the glass tubes in the Thuringian Forest and the dials - printed with the family name Rodenstock - in Würzburg. In 1877 he founded the precision workshop ""G. Rodenstock"" together with his brother Michael in Würzburg. They sold mathematical, physical and optical instruments, particularly glasses. Josef Rodenstock had already developed the so-called ""diaphragm lenses"" in the years before settling and started now to sell them and to extend on his ideas. In 1883 the company was transferred to Munich. According to"
"Carl Kellner (optician) Carl Kellner (March 26, 1826 – May 13, 1855) was a German mechanic and self-educated mathematician who founded in 1849 an ""Optical Institute"" that later became the Leitz company, makers of the Leica cameras. Carl Kellner was born in Hirzenhain, Wetteraukreis, in Hesse. In 1849 he founded in Wetzlar a company called """"Optisches Institut"""" for the production of lenses and microscopes. Kellner had invented a new achromatic combination of lenses for an eyepiece, published in his treatise ""Das orthoskopische Ocular, eine neu erfundene achromatische Linsencombination"", that was able to produce an image with correct perspective and without"
"construction and sale of mechanical and optical apparatus as well as the establishment of an atelier for precision machinery in Jena."" After payment of a fee and swearing a ceremonial oath before the Jena authorities, everything was ready. Zeiss opened the doors of his workshop on 17 November 1846 with an initial capital investment of 100 Thalers which he had borrowed from his brother Eduard and which was later repaid by his father August. It is very difficult to compare the value of historic currencies, but for example by 1849 the workshop earned a profit of 197 Taler on sales"
"Dresden and Gera in the east. Famous pioneers of industry were Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe (with their Carl Zeiss AG) as well as Otto Schott (Schott AG). Since that time, production of optical items, precision machinery and laboratory glassware have been the main branches of Jena's economy. Zeiss, Abbe and Schott worked also as social reformers who wanted to improve the living conditions of their workers and the local wealth in general. When Zeiss died in 1889, his company passed to the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, which uses great amounts of the company's profits for social benefits like research projects at universities"
"with interchangeable lenses. Traditionally, lens makers like to mark the location of the company conspicuously on their lenses. Therefore, from the beginning of lens manufacture up to the end of the Second World War, all Zeiss lenses were marked ""Carl Zeiss Jena"". Since the new Oberkochen-based Carl Zeiss Optical company is not in Jena, its products are simply marked ""Carl Zeiss"", while the original factory carried on using the ""Carl Zeiss Jena"" marking. For the first few years Carl Zeiss of Oberkochen used the ""Zeiss-Opton"" marking. The original series of lenses for Contax were mainly new designs by Ludwig Bertele,"
"of Leipzig. In 1853, Coccius provided the first description of retinal breaks of the eye, and subsequently made the association to retinal detachment. In 1853 he devised an ophthalmoscope that was a modification of the device invented by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894). His elder brother was the pianist and pedagogue Theodor Coccius (1824-1897). Ernst Adolf Coccius Ernst Adolf Coccius (September 19, 1825November 24, 1890) was a German ophthalmologist who was a native of Knauthain, which today is part of the city of Leipzig. He studied medicine in Leipzig, Prague and Paris, and earned his degree in 1848 with the thesis"
"Berlin Observatory The Berlin Observatory (Berliner Sternwarte) is a German astronomical institution with a series of observatories and related organizations in and around the city of Berlin in Germany, starting from the 18th century. It has its origins in 1700 when Gottfried Leibniz initiated the ""Brandenburg Society of Science″ (""Sozietät der Wissenschaften"") which would later (1744) become the Prussian Academy of Sciences (""Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften""). The Society had no observatory but nevertheless an astronomer, Gottfried Kirch, who observed from a private observatory in Berlin. A first small observatory was furnished in 1711, financing itself by calendrical computations. In 1825"
"Joseph Zentmayer Joseph Zentmayer (27 March 1826, Mannheim — 28 March 1888, Philadelphia) was a German-American maker of microscopes and other optical instruments. After graduating from the gymnasium in Mannheim, he was apprenticed to a local optician. After completing his apprenticeship, he associated himself with optical establishments in Karlsruhe, Frankfort, Munich, and Hamburg. Because of his pro-democracy support of the 1848 Revolution, he immigrated to the United States when he was about twenty-two years old. After working for wages in optical workshops in Baltimore and Philadelphia, Zentmayer started in 1858 his own shop in Philadelphia at the corner of Eighth"
"Karl Schwarzschild Observatory The Karl Schwarzschild Observatory () is a German astronomical observatory in Tautenburg near Jena, Thuringia. It was founded in 1960 as an affiliated institute of the former German Academy of Sciences at Berlin and named in honour of the astronomer and physicist Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916). In 1992, the institute was re-established as Thuringian State Observatory (""Thüringer Landessternwarte"", TLS). The observatory has the largest telescope located in Germany, which is also the largest Schmidt camera in the world. Made by VEB Zeiss Jena (the branch of Carl Zeiss located in Jena in what was then East Germany), this"
"in order to produce large mirrors. Delligsen Delligsen is a municipality in Holzminden district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It consists of six localities which were independent until 1974: Delligsen itself, Grünenplan, Ammensen, Hohenbüchen, Kaierde and Varrigsen. The area is dominated by the massif of the Hils hills Delligsen itself has been an industrial settlement dominated by the Friedrich-Carls-Hütte ironworks which closed down in 1984. Grünenplan further up in the Hils is an officially designated climate health resort. It has three centuries of history in glass manufacturing and still has a Schott AG glass factory. The factory was founded in 1744"
"attractive place to live with many shops, cafes and bars. For this reason, many university students live in the inner city and give Göttingen a youthful feel. In 2003, 45% of the inner city population was only between 18 and 30 years of age. Commercially, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and precision-engineered machinery, being the seat of the light microscopy division of Carl Zeiss, Inc., and a main site for Sartorius AG which specialises in bio-technology and measurement equipment—the region around Göttingen advertises itself as ""Measurement Valley"". Göttingen is also the home to NextPharma GmbH one of"
"of Nuremberg, Germany, or Braun, as it was more commonly called, was founded as an optical production house. It is best known for its 35mm film cameras named Paxette, and for slide projectors named Paximat. Carl Zeiss of East Germany marketed a number of lenses for the K-mount through its sales network. These lenses were in fact made by Sigma in Japan. The ""real"" 35 mm East German made Carl Zeiss Jena Lenses were available at the same time but only in Praktica B-mount. Carl Zeiss is one of the most prestigious names on the photographic world; it re-launched its"
"with accreditation of new data, experimental procedures, and measurement institutions (glass laboratories). Historically, the calculation of glass properties is directly related to the founding of glass science. At the end of the 19th century the physicist Ernst Abbe developed equations that allow calculating the design of optimized optical microscopes in Jena, Germany, stimulated by co-operation with the optical workshop of Carl Zeiss. Before Ernst Abbe's time the building of microscopes was mainly a work of art and experienced craftsmanship, resulting in very expensive optical microscopes with variable quality. Now Ernst Abbe knew exactly how to construct an excellent microscope, but"
"joined Zeiss and along with Otto Schott designed greatly improved lenses for the optical instruments they were producing. After Carl Zeiss's death in 1888, the business was incorporated as the Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung in 1889. By World War I, Zeiss was the world's largest location of camera production. Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production along with dozens of other brands and factories, and also had major works at Dresden. In 1928 Hensoldt AG was acquired by Carl Zeiss and has produced the Zeiss binoculars and riflescopes since 1964, occasionally resulting in twin products being offered under both the Hensoldt"
"from scratch. The location was chosen at Neubabelsberg, near Potsdam and from the center of Berlin, and the new institution was named Berlin-Babelsberg Observatory. There, he started installing a 26-inch Zeiss refractor and a 48-inch reflector, which would then become the largest telescope in Germany. While he did not get to operate them himself due to delays caused by World War I, the refractor was much used by his son Georg, and the reflector by his lesser-known grandson Wilfried. In 1905, Struve became professor of the University of Berlin and from 1904 until his death in 1920, he served as"
"work at C.A. Steinheil & Sons. In 1909 he joined the telescope division of Carl Zeiss, in Jena, Germany. He began to run the division in 1918. During his years there, he focused mainly on improving submarine periscopes as well as the scopes on shotguns, prism binoculars, and guns on naval vessels. Erfle is particularly well known for his introduction of wide-angle eyepieces, which he began to produce during the First World War for military use. Erfle eyepieces are relatively cheap to produce, and are still produced for many binoculars as well as for telescopes used by amateur astronomers. The"
"für Feinmechanik und Optik was founded in Heerbrugg by three Swiss personalities: Heinrich Wild (1877–1951), a leading designer of geodetic and astronomical instruments, was born in Switzerland and began his career as an apprentice surveyor. In 1908, having invented a military rangefinder and convinced Zeiss to manufacture it, Wild moved to Jena and became head of GEO, the new Zeiss branch responsible for surveying instruments. Wild returned to Switzerland after the First World War. In 1921, with the help of Swiss financiers, he established a Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Optik in Heerbrugg, in the Rhine Valley. As the first major"
"World War II , he founded the ""Rhine-Westphalia Institute for Electron Microscopy"" in Düsseldorf in 1948. In 1949, he was involved in the foundation of the German Society for Electron Microscopy. In 1953 he became a full professor at the Technical University of Aachen and established its Department of Electron Optics and Precision Engineering, where he worked until his sudden death in 1956. Bodo von Borries Bodo von Borries (born 22 May 1905 in Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany — died 17 July 1956 in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia) was a German physicist. He was the co-inventor of the electron microscope. Von"
"and construction by the Zeiss Jena School of Fine Optics in Jena, Germany. He had originally worked for Zeiss Jena, the first incarnation of what is now Carl Zeiss AG, but continued to work in the optical field for the David White company in Wisconsin after emigrating to the United States. Seiler began his own optical company at 922 Pine Street which specialized in repairing existing survey instruments. Since this time, the company's focus has shifted toward designing or retailing survey, military, medical, and planetarium systems. Seiler Instrument’s Manufacturing Division specializes in manufacturing precision optical instruments and components primarily for"
"Continent, in Germany, the corrected condenser was not considered either useful or essential, mainly due to a misunderstanding of the basic optical principles involved. Thus the leading German company, Carl Zeiss in Jena, offered nothing more than a very poor chromatic condenser into the late 1870s. French makers, such as Nachet, provided excellent achromatic condensers on their stands. When the leading German bacteriologist, Robert Koch, complained to Ernst Abbe, that he was forced to buy a Seibert achromatic condenser for his Zeiss microscope, in order to make satisfactory photographs of bacteria, Abbe produced a very good achromatic design in 1878."
"Carl Pulfrich Carl P. Pulfrich (September 24, 1858 in Burscheid, Rhine Province – August 12, 1927 in Baltic Sea, drowned when his canoe capsized) was a German physicist, noted for advancements in optics made as a researcher for the Carl Zeiss company in Jena around 1880, and for documenting the Pulfrich effect, a psycho-optical phenomenon that can be used to create a type of 3-D visual effect. Carl Pulfrich was employed to develop stereoscopy from being pure entertainment to a powerful quantitative technique. His apparatus to measure distances stereoscopically was first presented in Munich in 1899. This was further developed"