"rest of his life. He gradually withdrew from serious chess competition, with his last strong event in 1987. He died in Toronto on December 27, 2005, of pneumonia, at age 72. Laszlo Witt Laszlo Witt (born April, 1933 in Budapest, Hungary, died December 27, 2005 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a Hungarian-Canadian International Master of chess. Laszlo (Leslie) Witt was born in Hungary and lived there until 1956. He began playing chess at age eight, and by 17 was the top junior player in Hungary. Witt was part of an exceptionally talented cohort of young Hungarian chess players. Contemporaries in"
"the industry in Birmingham is often blamed on the invention of the ballpoint pen in 1938 by the Hungarian Laszlo Biro. One improved version of the dip pen, known as the original ""ballpoint"", was the addition of a curved point (instead of a sharp point) which allows the user to have slightly more control on upward and sideways strokes. This feature, however, produces a thicker line rather than the razor-sharp line produced by a sharp point. Some of the more prominent dip pen manufacturers (in past and present time) are: Dip pens continued in use in schools into the 1950s"
"Bíró died in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1985. Argentina's Inventors' Day is celebrated on Bíró's birthday, 29 September. A ballpoint pen is widely referred to as a ""biro"" in many countries, including the UK, Ireland, Australia and Italy. Although the word is a registered trademark, in some countries it has become genericised. On 29 September 2016, the 117th anniversary of his birth, Google commemorated Bíró with a Google Doodle for ""his relentless, forward-thinking spirit"". László Bíró László József Bíró () or Ladislao José Biro (born as László József Schweiger, 29 September 1899 – 24 October 1985) was a Hungarian-Argentine inventor,"
"lapse. The modern ballpoint pen would be patented later in 1938 by László Bíró, 22 years after Loud's death. Loud was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts in 1844, the son of John White Loud and Sarah Humphrey Blanchard. He attended school in Weymouth, graduating from Weymouth High School, and later attended Harvard College, graduating from the latter in law in the class of 1866. Appointed to the Suffolk County Bar on February 2, 1872, he later furthered his studies in law in the office of Jewell, Gaston & Field, but later opted to join his father in the banking profession. In"
"Bich, mayor of Aosta, a baron in 1841. That man's grandson, the father of Marcel Bich, Aimé-Mario Bich, was an engineer who moved to France after failing to gain commercial success in Italy. In 1945, Marcel Bich and his partner, Édouard Buffard, bought an empty factory in the Paris suburb of Clichy. Using Bich's knowledge of the writing instrument trade, gained while working as a production manager for an ink maker, they began production of fountain pen parts and mechanical lead pencils. In 1953, Marcel Bich bought the patent for the ballpoint pen for US $2 million from Hungarian László"
"Biró noticed that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge-free. He tried using the same ink in a fountain pen but found that it would not flow into the tip, as it was too viscous. He presented the first production of the ballpoint pen at the Budapest International Fair in 1931. Working with his brother György, a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it"
"the price was reduced from one shilling each to 4 pence a gross. His son, also Joseph, continued the family business of manufacturing steel pen nibs and continued to live in the Birmingham area, close to the large factory on Graham Street in the Jewellery Quarter, known as the Victoria Works. Nevertheless, the decreasing production of dip pens and the subsequent demise of the industry in Birmingham is often blamed on the invention of the ballpoint pen in 1938 by the Hungarian Laszlo Biro. In 1920, when Hinks Wells & Co and William Mitchell came together at the Pedigree Works"
"compatibly to prevent ink from drying inside the reservoir while allowing controlled flow. Bíró filed a British patent on 15 June 1938. In 1941, the Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne, fled Germany and moved to Argentina, where they formed ""Bíró Pens of Argentina"" and filed a new patent in 1943. Their pen was sold in Argentina as the ""Birome"" (portmanteau of the names Bíró and Meyne), which is how ballpoint pens are still known in that country. This new design was licensed by the British, who produced ballpoint pens for RAF aircrew as the ""Biro"". Ballpoint pens"
"Val Biro Balint Stephen Biro (Budapest, October 6, 1921 – July 4, 2014) was a children's author, artist and illustrator. He received his education in Budapest and London. Originally a native of Hungary, his studio was located in Amersham in Buckinghamshire. From an interview in the early 1970s: ""My writing is mainly concerned with my vintage car ""Gumdrop."" It was four years ago that my publishers suggested that it was about time that I wrote a book for children and not merely illustrate one; and I decided on Gumdrop as the main character. ""I write so as to give my"
"on the paper. Bíró patented the invention in Paris in 1938. During World War II, Bíró fled the Nazis with his brother, moving to Argentina in 1943. On 10 June, they filed another patent, issued in the US as , and formed ""Biro Pens of Argentina"" (in Argentina the ballpoint pen is known as ""birome""). This new design was supposedly licensed for production in the United Kingdom for supply to Royal Air Force aircrew. In 1945, Marcel Bich bought the patent from Bíró for the pen, which soon became the main product of his BIC company, which has sold more"
"its tip during use by the rolling action of a small sphere. The first ballpoint pen is the creation of American leather tanner John Loud of Weymouth, Massachusetts in 1888 which contained a reservoir for ink and a roller ball to mark up his leather hides. Despite Loud being the inventor of the ballpoint pen, it wasn't a practical success since the ink often leaked or clogged up. Loud took out a patent (British patent #15630) in the United Kingdom on October 30, 1888. However, it wasn't until 1935 when Hungarian newspaper editor László Bíró offered an improved version of"
"were found to be more versatile than fountain pens, especially at high altitudes, where fountain pens were prone to ink-leakage. Bíró's patent, and other early patents on ballpoint pens often used the term ""ball-point fountain pen"". Following World War II, many companies vied to commercially produce their own ballpoint pen design. In post-war Argentina, success of the Birome ballpoint was limited, but in mid-1945, the ""Eversharp"" Co., a maker of mechanical pencils, teamed up with Eberhard Faber Co. to license the rights from Birome for sales in the United States. During the same period, American entrepreneur Milton Reynolds came across"
"received a patent in England for a pen with an ink reservoir. While a student in Paris, Romanian Petrache Poenaru invented the fountain pen, which the French Government patented in May 1827. Fountain pen patents and production then increased in the 1850s. The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on October 30, 1888, to John J Loud. In 1938, László Bíró, a Hungarian newspaper editor, with the help of his brother George, a chemist, began to design new types of pens, including one with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket."
"Brașov County Brașov County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval ""lands"" (""țări"") Burzenland and Făgăraș. In Hungarian, it is known as ""Brassó megye"", and in German as ""Kreis Kronstadt"". Under Kingdom of Hungary, a county with an identical name (Brassó County, ) was created in 1876, covering a smaller area. In October 20, 2011, it had a population of 549,217 and the population density was 100/km². Traditionally the Romanian population was concentrated in the West and South-West of the County, the"
"Hungarian Argentines The presence of Hungarians in Argentina dates back to the 18th century, when a number of Hungarian Jesuit priests came to North Argentina and Paraguay and settled in Jesuit Reductions. After the fall of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 a number of Hungarian officers fled to Argentina. Among them were János Czetz, founder of the Colegio Militar de la Nación (the Argentine National Military Academy) and Alexander Asboth, who served as United States Ambassador to Argentina. Another well-known Hungarian emigrant to Argentina is László Bíró, who perfected and patented his invention, the ballpoint pen – also known as"
"The terrain ranges from flat to rolling plains. The most important Hungarian writers inspired by and associated with the plain are Ferenc Móra and Zsigmond Móricz, as well as the poets Sándor Petőfi and Gyula Juhász. Hungarian scientists born on the plain include Zoltán Bay, physicist; János Irinyi, chemist, inventor of the noiseless match; János Kabay, pharmacologist; Gábor Kátai, physician and pharmacist; and Frigyes Korányi, physician and pulmonologist. The most important river of the plain is Tisza. The notable cities and towns with medicinal baths are Berekfürdő, Cserkeszőlő, Gyula, Hajdúszoboszló, Szentes and Szolnok. Among the cultural festivals and programmes characteristic"
"As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper. Bíró filed a British patent on June 15, 1938. In 1940 the Bíró brothers and a friend, Juan Jorge Meyne, moved to Argentina fleeing Nazi Germany. On June 10 they filed another patent, and formed ""Bíró Pens of Argentina"". By the summer of 1943 the first commercial models were available. Erasable ballpoint pens were introduced by Papermate in 1979 when the Erasermate was put on the market. Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, a naturalized Croatian engineer and inventor of"
"editor László Bíró, a Hungarian-émigré to Argentina, and business partner Henry G. Martin patented a device for marking printers’ galleys. The Biro pen used gelatinous ink combined with capillary action to draw the ink out as it was deposited on paper by the rolling-ball tip. Because the pen did not leak at high altitude, the Biro venture sold a quantity of pens to the Royal Air Force for keeping flight logs, under a contract with Myles Aircraft. Subsequently, Biro's company Eterpen, S.A. licensed manufacturing rights in the US to a joint venture between Eversharp and Eberhard Faber. While paying a"
"in the 1970s. Ladislao Biro himself utilized his own invention creatively; a 2005 mechanical engineering exhibition in Argentina, focussing on the invention of the ballpoint pen, included in its brochure a ballpoint pen drawing titled ""Waiting"" credited to Biro. Another early example of the creative prospects with which ballpoint pens are connected, the popular Spirograph included colored ballpoints (black, blue, red, green) as part of its boxed set. The holes positioned on a Spirograph's ""gears"" were, at that time, reportedly sized to accommodate tips of the fine-point pens provided. The mass-marketing of Spirograph in America, ballpoints included, coincided with the"
"German: ""Zips"", Slovak: Spiš), Comitatus Sarossiensis (Hungarian: ""Sáros"", Slovak: Šariš), Comitatus Zempliniensis (Hungarian: Zemplén, Slovak: ""Zemplín""), Comitatus Borsodiensis (Hun: Borsod) and Comitatus Tornensis (Hungarian: ""Torna"", Slovak: Turňa). Initially, the capital of the county was Forró. From the late 16th century the capital was Gönc, and Cassovia (Hungarian: Kassa, Slovak: Košice) has been the center of the county since the late 14th century. According to Anonymus, during the reign of St. Stephen the Aba family (the family of Sámuel Aba who later became king) had properties in this area. The county arose in the second half of the 13th century from"
"Ballpoint pen A ballpoint pen, also known as a biro or ball pen, is a pen that dispenses ink (usually in paste form) over a metal ball at its point, i.e. over a ""ball point"". The metal commonly used is steel, brass, or tungsten carbide. It was conceived and developed as a cleaner and more reliable alternative to dip pens and fountain pens, and it is now the world's most-used writing instrument: millions are manufactured and sold daily. As a result, it has influenced art and graphic design and spawned an artwork genre. Pen manufacturers produce designer ballpoint pens for"
"book about the country in his native language. He is remembered in Wisconsin as the founder of the oldest incorporated village in the state. He also operated the first commercial steamboat on the upper Mississippi River. In San Diego he is remembered as the first town marshal and the first county sheriff. In California he introduced more than three hundred varieties of European grapes. Haraszthy was born in 1812, in Pest, Hungary. He was the only child of Károly Haraszthy and his wife, Anna Mária (née Fischer). It had been previously claimed that he was born in Futak, Hungary, but"
"Marcel Bich Marcel Bich (; Turin, 29 July 1914 – Paris, 30 May 1994) was a manufacturer and co-founder of Bic, the world's leading producer of ballpoint pens. Bich was born in Turin, Italy, on July 29, 1914, to Aimé-Mario (1882–1955) and Marie Muffat de Saint-Amour de Chanaz (1886–1967). His family moved to Spain and then to France where Bich was naturalised as a French citizen in 1932 and later studied law at the University of Paris. The Bich family originated at Châtillon, and earlier in the Valtournenche valley, in the Aosta Valley. King Charles Albert of Sardinia created Emmanuel"
"in Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca). Gáspár Heltai Gáspár Heltai (born as Kaspar Helth) (""c"". 1490–1574) was a Transylvanian Saxon writer and printer. His name possibly derives from the village Heltau (, today Cisnădie, Romania). Despite being a German native speaker he published many books in Hungarian from his print-shop. The brother of his son-in-law was Ferenc Dávid, Nontrinitarian and Unitarian preacher and the founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania.. He studied at Wittenberg University and he established the first print shop in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). He also founded a public bath, a paper mill and the first brewery in the"
"city, and a place of frequent stay of Hungarian kings and it becomes. Around 1000 the Pozsony county (comitatus), one of the first counties in Hungary, is founded probably by Grand Prince Stephen I. Coins with the inscriptions ""PHANUS REX"" and ""RESLAVVA CIV"" were found in Sweden; some scholars claim that the coins were minted in ""(p)RESLAVVA CIV(itas)"" or ""(b)RESLAVVA CIV(itas)"" (""i.e."", in the town of Bratislava), but other authors point out that no coins of this type have been found on the territory of the Kingdom of Hungary, their weight and diameter differ from King Stephen's other coins and"
"County (German: ""Rosenberg""; Slovak: ""Ružomberok"", now in Slovakia). His parents, who were Jewish, had only recently moved there following his father's appointment as chief bookkeeper at a local textile mill. Alajos also served as a lieutenant in the Austrian Army Reserve, which meant that he was often away on military maneuvers. László's mother died when he was only four years old, leaving Alajos with three very young sons, the youngest several months old. He soon married his wife's best friend Melanie Klein, with whom he had two more children. However, Lorre and his stepmother never got along, and this colored"
"Reynolds International Pen Company In June 1945 Chicago businessman Milton Reynolds was in Buenos Aires, Argentina when he came across the first commercialized ballpoint, the Biro pen. In October 1945, Milton Reynolds was able to reverse engineer the Biro pen and was the first to manufacture and sell ballpoint pens into the US market. ""Reynolds Rocket"" pen was introduced at Gimbel’s department store in New York City, selling $100,000 worth of pens on the first day. Demand in 1945 was running 30,000 pens per day, making it America's #1 ballpoint pen. However, within three years the price of the pen"
"pressurized by piston, spring, capillary action, and gravity would all serve as solutions to ink-delivery and flow problems. László Bíró, a Hungarian newspaper editor frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, noticed that inks used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. Bíró enlisted the help of his brother György, a chemist, to develop viscous ink formulae for new ballpoint designs. Bíró's innovation successfully coupled ink-viscosity with a ball-socket mechanism which acted"
"life. He was member of the municipal committee, Kolozsvár Chamber of Commerce, Industry Board, Artisan's Guilds, and the Caucus of the Roman Catholic Parish. At one time, he was president of the Artisan's Guild. He now lies in the Házsongárd cemetery among other family members. János Spáda János Spáda (also known as John Spada, December 10, 1877, Kolozs - July 7, 1913, Kolozsvár) was a famous Hungarian architect of Italian descent, the grandfather of Hungarian mathematician from Transylvania, Béla Orbán, and famous fencer, mathematician and physics professor, László Orbán. Born in Kolozs, Austria-Hungary (today Cojocna, Romania), on the estate of"
"area. Biro was seen driving Gumdrop in the television documentary ""100 Year Old Drivers"", broadcast on ITV on 13 August 2014, shortly after Biro's death. Gumdrop's official website: http://www.gumdrop.org.uk/ Val Biro Balint Stephen Biro (Budapest, October 6, 1921 – July 4, 2014) was a children's author, artist and illustrator. He received his education in Budapest and London. Originally a native of Hungary, his studio was located in Amersham in Buckinghamshire. From an interview in the early 1970s: ""My writing is mainly concerned with my vintage car ""Gumdrop."" It was four years ago that my publishers suggested that it was about"
"pepper. The forestry, fishing and hunting are also remarkable traditions. Bogyiszló Bogyiszló is a village in Hungary in Tolna county near Szekszárd. Famous for its paprika. Bogyiszló is located from 11 km east from Szekszárd, in the southern part of Mezőföld, near the Danube river and Sió channel mouth. Approach: from road number 6 from west-direction, or from road number 51 from east-direction, on M9 highway, across the Danube on bridge named after Szent László. Based on archaeological finds, Bogyiszló has already been populated area in the ages of Avars. Famous breed: the Bogyiszló paprika. After cutting out floodplain forest"
"manufacturing of ballpoint pens began with Schaechter´s experiments on a small scale in a garage on St. Pauli Street. Production subsequently increased and the business moved to Krokslätt Street in Mölndal, with the company now called Ballografverken, where Fritz Schaechter remained until 1951 as head of development. The Ballograf brand was marketed throughout the Nordic countries and soon became well-known. Ballograf was early in launching a ballpoint pen with a push mechanism, which delivered increased user friendliness. In 1956, Ballograf introduced a ballpoint cartridge containing light-fast ink later certified to become archival ink. This was the major breakthrough for the"
"Borsod County Borsod was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary in present-day northeastern Hungary. The capital of the county was Miskolc. After World War II, the county was merged with the Hungarian parts of Abaúj-Torna and Zemplén counties to form Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county. The name comes from a personal name ""Bors"" (an early medieval magnate) with the -d suffix used to derive place names in old Hungarian language. The personal name ""Bors"" could derived from ""bors"" (Hungarian ""pepper"") and/or derived from Turkish (a theory of János Melich) or from a Slavic personal name ""Boriš"" (a theory of Elemér"