"to two plus one (injured goalkeeper) in 1994, to three in 1995; and most recently to a fourth substitute in certain competitions in extra time. Substitutions during matches in the English Football League were first permitted in the 1965–66 season. During the first two seasons after the law was introduced, each side was permitted only one substitution during a game. Moreover, the substitute could only replace an injured player. From the 1967–68 season, this rule was relaxed to allow substitutions for tactical reasons. On 21 August 1965, Keith Peacock of Charlton Athletic became the first substitute used in the Football"
"mid-1860s where it is not indicated whether these were replacements of absent players or of players injured during the match. The first use of a substitute in international football was on 15 April 1889, in the match between Wales and Scotland at Wrexham. Wales's original goalkeeper, Jim Trainer, failed to arrive; local amateur player Alf Pugh started the match and played for some 20 minutes until the arrival of Sam Gillam, who took over from him. Substitution during games was first permitted in 1958. (Although as early as the qualifying phase for the 1954 World Cup, Horst Eckel of Germany"
"that the Scots had failed to defeat the Welsh, and only the second international match in which neither team had managed to score, the first being the very first officially recognised international match, between Scotland and England on 30 November 1872. This was also the first use of a substitute in international football. Pugh later kept the Union Vaults public house in Yorke Street, Wrexham. Alf Pugh Allen ""Alf"" Pugh (1869 – 7 February 1942) was a Welsh amateur football goalkeeper who made one appearance for Wales in 1889. He was the first player to be replaced by a substitute"
"football games. The original use of the term ""substitute"" in football was to describe the replacement of players who failed to turn up for matches. For example, in 1863, a match reports states: ""The Charterhouse eleven played a match in cloisters against some old Carthusians but in consequence of the non-appearance of some of those who were expected it was necessary to provide three substitutes."" The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton College where the term ""emergencies"" is used. Numerous references to players acting as a ""substitute"" occur in matches in the"
"of the game into two halves was initiated to allow games between schools. The rules of one school would be played by for the first half, and the rules of the other school in the second half. Changing ends at half time (if no goals had been scored) was part of the following schools codes: Brighton, Eton, Rossall, Sheffield, Winchester. Other schools changed every time that side scored (Cheltenham, FA, Harrow, Marlborough, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Uppingham schools) The origin of football substitutes goes back to at least the early 1860s as part of English public school football games. The original use"
"August 1966. Previously, on 20 January 1917, a player called Morgan came on for the injured Morrison of Partick Thistle after 5 minutes against Rangers at Firhill, but this was an isolated case and the Scottish League did not authorise substitutes until 1966. In later years, the number of substitutes permitted in Football League matches has gradually increased; at present each team is permitted to name either five or seven substitutes depending on the country and competition, of which a maximum of three may be used. In England, the Premier League increased the number of players on the bench to"
"of the term ""substitute"" in football was to describe the replacement of players who failed to turn up for matches. For example, in 1863, a match reports states: ""The Charterhouse eleven played a match in cloisters against some old Carthusians but in consequence of the non-appearance of some of those who were expected it was necessary to provide three substitutes."" The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton College where the term ""emergencies"" is used Numerous references to players acting as a ""substitute"" occur in soccer matches in the mid-1860s where it is"
"Alf Pugh Allen ""Alf"" Pugh (1869 – 7 February 1942) was a Welsh amateur football goalkeeper who made one appearance for Wales in 1889. He was the first player to be replaced by a substitute in international football. Pugh was born in the Esclusham district, a few miles west of Wrexham. His early football was played at the nearby village of Rhostyllen before joining Wrexham Olympic for a year in 1885. Described as a ""competent goalkeeper"", he represented Denbighshire twice: in January 1885, against Shropshire and in November, against Lancashire. After losing his place at Wrexham to Sam Gillam, he"
"Sam Gillam Samuel Gladstone ""Sam"" Gillam (1868 – 13 October 1938) was a Wales international football goalkeeper, who played for various clubs in England and Wales in the 1880s and 1890s, including a brief career in the Football League with Bolton Wanderers. He was the first player to come on as a substitute in international football. Gillam was born in Swindon, Wiltshire but started his football career in Wrexham in north Wales when he joined Wrexham Lever as a teenager. After two years, he moved to the Wrexham Olympic for two years, before another, temporary move to England. For the"
"may be used as substitutes; these players typically sit in the technical area with the coaches, and are said to be ""on the bench"". When the substitute enters the field of play it is said they have ""come on"" or have been ""brought on"", while the player they are substituting is ""coming off"" or being ""brought off"". A player who is noted for frequently making appearances, or scoring important goals, as a substitute is often informally known as a ""super sub"". The origin of football substitutes goes back to at least the early 1860s as part of English public school"
"the Football League), and Charles Wreford-Brown (former England captain and FA Council member). The competition lasted for nine years in its first incarnation, coming to an end in part due to the dominance of the professional sides, and also to a rift in the Football Association that saw the creation of the Amateur Football Association. The shield was replaced in 1908 by the FA Charity Shield which rather than the best amateur side pitted the Football League winner against the winners of the Southern Football League and then later against the winner of the FA Cup. The match was later"
"League when he replaced injured goalkeeper Mike Rose eleven minutes into their away match against Bolton Wanderers. On the same day, Bobby Knox became the first ever substitute to score a goal when he scored for Barrow against Wrexham. Archie Gemmill of St Mirren was the first substitute to come on in a Scottish first-class match, on 13 August 1966 in a League Cup tie against Clyde when he replaced Jim Clunie after 23 minutes. The first official substitute in a Scottish League match was Paul Conn for Queen's Park vs Albion Rovers in a Division 2 match on 24"
"Jimmy Fell James Irving Fell (4 January 1936 – 2 February 2011) was an English footballer, who played in the Football League for Grimsby Town, Everton, Newcastle United, Walsall and Lincoln City. Fell attended Clee Grammar School for Boys, becoming a chemist at Courtaulds whilst playing part-time for Grimsby Town. The 1958–59 season commenced with Fell taking on the role of emergency goalkeeper after regular custodian Clarrie Williams was injured in the season's opening game against Liverpool at Anfield in front of a crowd of 47,502 on 23 August 1958. With no substitutes allowed, Fell replaced Williams between the sticks"
"and early 1970s. When substitutes were introduced to league football at the start of the 1965–66 season, Pardoe became the first Manchester City player to be named as substitute. However, he did not play, and Roy Cheetham became the first City player to come on a substitute three games later. After spending the opening match on the bench, Pardoe was restored to the starting line-up and played every game for the rest of the season. Manchester City won the Second Division by five points, and were promoted to the First Division. Pardoe was still predominantly a forward at this point."
"Milan, Nwankwo Kanu for Arsenal, David Fairclough for Liverpool, Adam Le Fondre for Reading, Ole Gunnar Solskjær and Javier Hernández for Manchester United, Mikael Forssell for Chelsea, Leon Clarke for Wigan Athletic, Brendon Santalab for Western Sydney Wanderers Henrique for Brisbane Roar, Stevie Kirk for Motherwell, Archie Thompson, Joshua Kennedy and Tim Cahill for Australia. Substitute (association football) In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing"
"Substitute (association football) In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for an existing player. Substitutions are generally made to replace a player who has become tired or injured, or who is performing poorly, or for tactical reasons (such as bringing a striker on in place of a defender). Unlike some sports (such as American football, ice hockey or Kabaddi), a player who has been substituted during a match may take no further part in it. Most competitions only allow each team to make a maximum of three"
"club away at Oxford United in a 4–2 defeat on August 15, 1987. During the 1987–88 season, Kerr made a first team total of four league and two cup game appearances together with a 3-month loan spell at then Fourth Division club, Peterborough United. During one of those first team appearances for Portsmouth, Kerr was to make English Football League history when on September 19, 1987 while on the field of play as a replacement in a First Division away fixture at Watford, he became the first substitute to be likewise, substituted. The English Football League rule change that increased"
"Replacement player In professional sports, a replacement player is an athlete who is not a member of the league's players association and plays during a labor dispute such as a strike or lockout, serving as a strikebreaker. The National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) went on strike in 1987, and the owners brought in replacement players to continue the season. After three weeks, many of the players on strike returned, weakening the union's position. In 1994, the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) went on strike. Spring training in 1995 started with replacement players. However, the dispute was settled before"
"hide their collusion. The ""Athletic News"" reported that ""the teams could have done without goalkeepers, so anxious were the forwards not to score"". The Football League resolved the ensuing scandal by expanding the First Division from 16 to 18 clubs, allowing promotion for all four of the clubs who participated in the test matches. The test match system was then abandoned. The following season, Burnley's Jack Hillman offered Nottingham Forest players £2 each to ""take it easy"" in a match between the teams. Hillman was suspended for a year for his actions. On the final day of the 1904–05 season,"
"Substitute (cricket) A substitute in the sport of cricket is a replacement player that the umpires allow when a player has been injured or become ill after the nomination of the players at the start of the game. The rules for substitutes appear in Law 24 of the ""Laws of cricket"". The use of substitutes is known from the 18th century. In the report of a match on Monday, 5 September 1748, the role is termed a ""Seeker-out""; this was in the sense that George Smith, who was carrying an injury and had been granted a substitute fielder in previous"
"permanently leaves the field. The substitute rule was resisted for many years, with the prevailing view in the 1910s and 1920s being that a team should be permitted only to substitute a player in the event of an injury, but that there was no way to rule against a team making a tactical substitution. A single substitute was finally introduced by the Australian National Football Council for the 1930 season, with no restrictions on whether the substitution be used for injury or tactical reasons. A second substitute was introduced in 1946, before the substitutes were replaced by interchange in the"
"not appear on the team list or in the team photograph and replacements were first introduced into international rugby 13 years after this event is supposed to have taken place. Mike Gibson of Ireland is generally recognised as being the first ever replacement in a rugby union match (he came on for the injured Barry John during the first test in Pretoria on the 1968 British Lions tour to South Africa). The first replacement for East Africa was Douglas """"Dougie"""" Hamilton who came on in the 1968 match versus Queen's University (Belfast) R.F.C. The Barbarians, managed by Brigadier HL Glyn-Hughes"
"the Football League, one in 1914 against the Scottish League and one in 1919 against the Irish League. Claude Jephcott Allan Claud Jephcott (31 October 1890 – 5 October 1950) was an English professional footballer who played as an outside right. Born in Smethwick, Jephcott moved from Brierley Hill Alliance to West Bromwich Albion in April 1911, signing for a fee of £100. He retired in May 1923, having made 189 appearances for the club in all competitions. He was a war guest for Lincoln City in 1918, making one appearance, and he also guested for Birmingham City, one of"
"over Birmingham City, and went on to make ten appearances in the 1961–62 season. He played in the last five of seven games of the season but was left out of the 1962 FA Cup Final defeat to Tottenham Hotspur, being named as twelfth man. He started to break into the side during the 1964–65 season, playing in half of the games on the left wing, competing for places with Ralph Coates and Johnny Price. The 1965–66 season saw the introduction of substitutes in English football, and Towers made history becoming Burnley's first substitute when he replaced Willie Irvine in"
"1965, filling in for the injured Nobby Stiles at left-half in a 1–0 away defeat to Sunderland. On 16 October 1965, he became Manchester United's first ever substitute in a Football League match, coming on for Denis Law in a 5–1 away defeat against Tottenham Hotspur. He made only sporadic appearances over the next two seasons, exclusively as a wing-half, where his opportunities were limited by the consistently good performances of Stiles and Pat Crerand. The 1967–68 season saw him make more regular appearances in a variety of positions, including in the forward line, but it was not until February"
"Town. Twenty-two players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were thirteen different goalscorers. Goalkeeper Jim Herriot played in all 55 first-team matches over the season; among outfield players, half-back Malcolm Beard and forward Geoff Vowden missed only one. Vowden finished as leading goalscorer with 21 goals, of which 16 came in league competition. This season saw the introduction of substitutes into the Football League. In the third game of the season, away to Preston North End on 26 August, Brian Sharples replaced the injured Ron Wylie to become Birmingham's first Football League substitute. ""General""'"
"unused substitute, was involved in for Liverpool. The FA Community Shield was founded in 1908 under its former name, the FA Charity Shield, and was initially contested between the top professional and amateur teams of each season. It was played between the Football League champions and FA Cup winners for the first time in 1921. The formation of a new top-tier division, the Premier League, in 1992 meant that Leeds were the last club to take part in the event as Football League champions. Wembley Stadium acted as the host of the Shield, but matches from 2001 were switched to"
"Football League First Division The Football League First Division is a former division of The Football League, now known as the English Football League. Between 1888 and 1992 it was the top-level division in the English football league system. Following the creation of the FA Premier League it was a second-level division. In 2004 it was rebranded as the Football League Championship, and in 2016 adopted its current name of EFL Championship. The Football League was founded in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. It originally consisted of a single division of 12 clubs (Accrington, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers,"
"American Football League (1926) The first American Football League (AFL), sometimes called AFL I, AFLG, or the Grange League, was a professional American football league that operated in 1926. It was the first major competitor to the National Football League (NFL). Founded by Charles ""C.C."" Pyle, (1882–1939), and General Charles X. Zimmerman, (1865–1926), as Vice President and starring Hall of Fame halfback Harold Edward ""Red"" Grange, (1903–1991), the short-lived league with nine teams competed against the more established - then six year old NFL, both for players and for fans. While Pyle’s and Grange’s New York Yankees team and the"
"Football League was suspended for the duration of the Second World War, and retired in 1944. Ernie Sykes Ernest Alfred Sykes (27 December 1915 – 1997) was an English professional footballer who made eight appearances in the First Division of the Football League playing for Birmingham. He played as a full back. Sykes was born in Temple Normanton, Derbyshire. He played for Sutton Town before joining Birmingham in March 1936. He made his debut on 10 April 1936, in a 2–2 draw at home to Manchester United. Sykes played only rarely over the next two seasons, and moved to Cardiff"
"fixtures"". The brainchild of Aston Villa's William McGregor, the competition became known as The Football League. Sudell himself suggested the name ""Football League"", as an alternative to McGregor's suggestion, ""Association Football Union"". Plans to create the competition had been ongoing for a period of months without Preston's involvement, but as the most skilful team McGregor was keen to interest them. Once involved, Sudell was eager for the embryonic League to assert primacy in relation to other competitions, joining with J. J. Bentley to propose that ""The clubs forming the League shall support each other and bind themselves to carry out"
"their registration was not renewed after it expired. The club was not obliged to play them and, without a contract, the player was not entitled to receive a salary. Nevertheless, if the club refused to release their registration, the player could not play for any other Football League club. Football League clubs soon began to demand and earn a transfer fee from any other Football League club as consideration for agreeing to release or transfer the player's registration. In 1912, Charles Sutcliffe helped establish the legality of this retain-and-transfer system when he successfully represented the club Aston Villa during the"
"be the dose. Where men like Count Bernabeu with his wider horizons, think in terms of a European League for the future in which a lead could surely now be given jointly by our leaders, the Football League propose next season to implement their useless Football League Cup to be played in midweek. It gets the players, the clubs and the public nowhere."" Aston Villa were the inaugural winners in 1960–61, defeating Rotherham United 3–2 in the final over two legs. Football in England was considered to be of a low quality, compared to what was being played on the"