"Forth Bridge The Forth Bridge is a cantilever railway bridge across the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, west of Edinburgh City Centre. It is considered as a symbol of Scotland (having been voted Scotland's greatest man-made wonder in 2016), and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was designed by the English engineers Sir John Fowler and Sir Benjamin Baker. It is sometimes referred to as the Forth Rail Bridge to distinguish it from the Forth Road Bridge, though this has never been its official name. Construction of the bridge began in 1882 and it was opened"
"dam near Aswan was in the 11th century, when the Arab polymath and engineer Ibn al-Haytham (known as ""Alhazen"" in the West) was summoned to Egypt by the Fatimid Caliph, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, to regulate the flooding of the Nile, a task requiring an early attempt at an Aswan Dam. His field work convinced him of the impracticality of this scheme. The British began construction of the first dam across the Nile in 1898. Construction lasted until 1902, and the dam was opened on 10 December 1902. The project was designed by Sir William Willcocks and involved several eminent engineers,"
"William Willcocks Sir William Willcocks KCMG (27 September 1852 in India – 28 July 1932 in Cairo, Egypt) was a British civil engineer during the high point of the British Empire. He was an irrigation engineer who proposed and built the first Aswan Dam, the scale of which had never been attempted previously. He later undertook other major irrigation projects in South Africa and in Arab regions of the dying Ottoman Empire. Willcocks was one of four sons of a British Engineer posted in Roorkee for Ganges canal works. He graduated from the Thomason College of Civil Engineering, Roorkee in"
"assent on 22 July 1904. Construction commenced in the summer of 1898 under the direction of Sir Benjamin Baker (who co-designed the Forth Bridge), W.R. Galbraith and R.F. Church. The works were carried out by Perry & Company of Tregedar Works, Bow. The main construction site was located at a substantial temporary staging pier erected in the River Thames a short distance south of the Hungerford Bridge. It was described at the time as ""a small village of workshops and offices and an electrical generating station to provide the power for driving the machinery and for lighting purposes during construction."""
"Sir Benjamin Baker. Baker had been responsible, with Sir John Fowler, for the design of the Forth Rail Bridge, and had designed the Keady viaduct and Tassagh viaduct. An 1887 viaduct built to designs prepared by Dixon (fl. 1887) and Alfred Thorne (fl. 1887-96) was incorporated the fabric of the 1906 railway bridge. The steel bridge was supplied and built by the building contractor Sir William Arrol ""Sir William Arrol and Co."". The Glaswegian firm were engineers and bridge builders, of Dalmarnock, Scotland. Arrol had also worked on the Forth Rail Bridge. A rural landmark on the Barrow it is"
"Kelvin Aqueduct The Kelvin Aqueduct is a navigable aqueduct in Glasgow, Scotland, which carries the Forth and Clyde Canal over the River Kelvin. It was designed by Robert Whitworth, one of John Smeaton's supervising engineers on the Forth and Clyde Canal project. The contractors were William Gibb (founder of the engineering dynasty that led to Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners) and John Muir, who also built the nearby Maryhill locks. A foundation stone was laid on 16 June 1787 by Archibald Spiers, the chairman of the canal committee. When opened in 1790 was Britain's largest aqueduct, and onlookers were impressed"
"the harbour at Leith. In 1836 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He became a harbour engineer and died in Edinburgh on 19 February 1861. James Anderson (civil engineer) James Anderson was a Scottish civil engineer. He was born in Edinburgh on 22 January 1793. His father was a flax dresser. Anderson was a pupil of James Jardine. Assisted by Jardine and the work of Thomas Telford, he proposed two designs for a suspension Forth Bridge in 1818, but the idea was ahead of its time and was not taken up. In 1830 he was"
"of the southern cantilevers of the Forth Bridge. After British consulting engineering expertise was required at the Hudson River Tunnel in New York City, Sir Benjamin Baker provided a report which facilitated $1.5 million of British investment, and in 1889 construction resumed with a contract let to British contractor S. Pearson & Son; Moir was originally resident engineer working for Sir William Arrol and designed an 80-ton steel tunnelling shield for each tunnel at Baker's directions. Moir became contractor’s agent (for S. Pearson & Son) in January 1890, working there until British engineering efforts were suspended in 1891. While in"
"to Annie Porter (1835–1897) who died a few months after he did. James Carswell James Carswell (1830–1897) was a Scottish railway engineer largely remembered for his design of glazed roof on Queen Street Station, Glasgow and the huge approaches to the Forth Rail Bridge. He was born in Bonhill, Dunbartonshire in 1830 the son of Anne and Thomas P. Carswell. His father was an iron-founder and merchant and it is likely that he was initially apprenticed as an iron-founder. His depth and understanding of iron construction shows both a practical knowledge and a strong design understanding. In 1851 he moved"
"Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, KCMG, LLD, FRSE (15 July 1817 – 20 November 1898) was an English civil engineer specialising in the construction of railways and railway infrastructure. In the 1850s and 1860s, he was engineer for the world's first underground railway, London's Metropolitan Railway, built by the ""cut-and-cover"" method under city streets. In the 1880s, he was chief engineer for the Forth Railway Bridge, which opened in 1890. Fowler's was a long and eminent career, spanning most of the 19th century's railway expansion, and he was engineer, adviser or consultant to many British"
"Sir John Fowler (1817–1898) was a famous railway engineer who co-constructed the Forth Bridge and completed many other railway projects around the world. William Fowler established the Sheepbridge coal and iron works near Chesterfield while Robert Fowler had a large solicitor's practice in Westminster. There is also some speculation that the artist Thomas Creswick (1811–1869) was born at Wadsley Hall, although two other Sheffield locations are claimed as his birthplace. After World War I the estate was broken up with much of the surrounding land sold off for new housing. Despite its name, Loxley House () is within the Wadsley"
"the British Commonwealth as well as the Sennar Dam in Sudan and he was recognised with the prestigious honour of the presidency of the Institution of Civil Engineers for the 1916-17 session. Fitzmaurice was born at Clogher, Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland in 1861. He received an education at The Royal School, Armagh prior to studying civil engineering at Trinity College, Dublin from 1878. He graduated in 1882 and was articled (a form of apprenticeship) to Benjamin Baker where his first project was the construction of the south pier and railway approaches to the Forth Railway Bridge. This work finished in"
"but also the use of steel in the Forth Bridge, and the riveting method developed by Arrol to attach the girders to one another. The Forth Bridge is, even today, regarded as an engineering marvel. It is in length, and the double track is elevated 46 m (approx. 150 ft) above high tide. It consists of two main spans of , two side spans of 675 ft, 15 approach spans of , and five of . Each main span comprises two cantilever arms supporting a central span girder bridge. The three great four-tower cantilever structures are 340 ft (104 m)"
"Sir William Arrol & Co. Sir William Arrol & Co. was a leading Scottish civil engineering and construction business founded by William Arrol and based in Glasgow. It built some of the most famous bridges in the United Kingdom including the Forth Bridge and Tower Bridge in London. The company was founded by William Arrol at Dunn Street in Dalmarnock in Glasgow in 1873. It later expanded to incorporate the Parkhead Crane Works in Nuneaton Street. Bridges built by the company include: The company was contracted by Harland and Wolff Shipyard, Belfast, to construct a large gantry (known as the"
"the Forth Bridge, also built by Arrol. It was engineered by John Wolfe Barry and others. Originally, the bridge carried just the railway (a single track). In 1909, however, an additional train service started running between Connel Ferry station and on which road vehicles could be transported over the bridge. A single car was carried on a wagon hauled by a charabanc that had been adapted to run on rails at St. Rollox railway works in Glasgow. This service also called at North Connel station at the north end of the bridge. In 1914, a roadway was added to the"
"Assiut Barrage The Assiut Barrage is a dam on the Nile River in the city of Assiut in Upper Egypt (250 miles to the south of Cairo). It was completed in 1903. It was designed by the famous British engineer Sir William Willcocks who also concurrently designed and built the Aswan Low Dam, the first Nile reservoir, about up-stream. The Assiut dam was constructed between 1898 and 1903, and in conjunction with the reservoir, provided for the diversion of river water into Egypt's largest irrigation canal, the Ibrahimiya Canal, during the low water season. The dam was estimated to cost"
"town. This line, designed to provide a direct link to the south coast from the Midlands and the North avoiding the indirect and congested route ""via"" Reading and Basingstoke, was built in 1879–82 after previous proposals had failed. It was designed as a main line and was engineered by John Fowler and built by contractors TH Falkiner and Sir Thomas Tancred, who together also constructed the Forth Railway Bridge. It was a very costly line to build due to the heavy engineering challenges of crossing the Berkshire and Hampshire Downs with a 1 in 106 gradient to allow for higher"
"NSW Railways, who also designed the Great Western Railway and the Zig Zag Railway at Lapstone and Lithgow. Mr Whitton was an outstanding engineer of his time and was also responsible for overseeing construction of the bridge and the railway line between Penrith and Wentworth Falls. It is also associated with the renowned British engineer John Fowler, of Firth of Forth Bridge Fame, who checked Whitton's design and plans and supervised the fabrication of the bridge in England. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. Victoria"
"Ralph Freeman (1880–1950) Sir Ralph Freeman (27 November 1880 – 11 March 1950) was an English structural engineer, responsible for the design of several of the world's most impressive bridges. Born in London, England, he studied at The Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School and the City and Guilds of London Institute, and in 1901 joined Douglas Fox & Partners, a firm of consulting engineers specialising in the design of steel bridges. He rose to become senior partner and in 1938 the firm changed its name to Freeman Fox & Partners. Sir Ralph is best remembered for his design work on the"
"mill at Belper in Derby (Belper West Mill), using cast iron columns and timber beams within the depths of brick arches that formed the floors. The exposed beam soffits were protected against fire by plaster. This mill at Belper was the world's first attempt to construct fireproof buildings, and is the first example of fire engineering. This was later improved upon with the construction of Belper North Mill, a collaboration between Strutt and Bage, which by using a full cast iron frame represented the world's first ""fire proofed"" building. The Forth Bridge was built by Benjamin Baker, Sir John Fowler"
"engineer in 1898 by the Egyptian government for the construction of the Old Aswan Dam. In recognition of his work he was made a member of the Ottoman Order of Medjidie (second class) in December 1901, during a visit by the Khedive to the building site; and also appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) on 12 December 1902. In 1901 he became the Chief Engineer to the London County Council and amongst his works for them was the Rotherhithe Tunnel, Vauxhall Bridge and the Woolwich foot tunnel. Upon his retirement from the Council"
"in its production, and in the production of other chemicals such as the newly discovered element thallium. He was a director of major companies including the North Eastern Railway and the Forth Bridge company, then the largest bridge project in the world. He was a wealthy patron of the arts, commissioning the architect Philip Webb, the designer William Morris and the painter Edward Burne-Jones on his Yorkshire mansions Rounton Grange and Mount Grace Priory. Bell was the son of Thomas Bell, one of the founders of the iron and alkali company Losh, Wilson and Bell, and his wife Katherine Lowthian."
"the West Indies on 4 January 1852. John Seaward died at 20 Brecknock Crescent, London, on 26 March 1858. John Seaward John Seaward (January 1786 - 26 March 1858) was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer. His brother was Samuel Seaward, FRS (see below). Seaward was born the son of a builder in Lambeth, London, in January 1786, and initially worked with his father as a surveyor and architect. He was later employed by Grillier & Company, the contractors for the erection of Regent's Bridge across the River Thames, to supervise the work. During this period he became acquainted"
"the seabed of the Firth of Forth. The idea originated with the Scottish physicist Alexander Crichton Mitchell, who was helped by the Royal Navy at HMS Tarlair. He had shown that the passage of a submarine past a cable formed an induction loop which induced a voltage of a millivolt or so that could be detected by a sensitive galvanometer. However, voltages were also induced in the cable by random fluctuations in the earth's magnetic field and electrical noise from the Glasgow tram lines, so Mitchell installed an identical loop outside of the channel for vessels, the two loops were"
"the collapse of Sir Thomas Bouch's Tay Bridge in 1879, Fowler, William Henry Barlow and Thomas Elliot Harrison were appointed in 1881 to a commission to review Bouch's design for the Forth Railway Bridge. The commission recommended a steel cantilever bridge designed by Fowler and Benjamin Baker, which was constructed between 1883 and 1890. To avoid problems with smoke and steam overwhelming staff and passengers on the covered sections of the Metropolitan Railway, Fowler proposed a fireless locomotive. The locomotive was built by Robert Stephenson and Company and was a broad gauge 2-4-0 tender engine. The boiler had a normal"
"McGill, and after 1710, ceased architectural work almost entirely. Smith also undertook engineering work. For instance, he was employed as an arbitrator over a dispute concerning the construction of Cockenzie harbour. In 1701 he acquired the rights to manufacture the steam engine invented by Thomas Savery, and in the 1720s he was involved, with William Adam and Alexander McGill, in an early proposal for a Forth and Clyde Canal, linking Scotland's east and west coasts. Architectural works by, or attributed to, James Smith. James Smith (architect) James Smith (c. 1645–1731) was a Scottish architect, who pioneered the Palladian style in"
"James Carswell James Carswell (1830–1897) was a Scottish railway engineer largely remembered for his design of glazed roof on Queen Street Station, Glasgow and the huge approaches to the Forth Rail Bridge. He was born in Bonhill, Dunbartonshire in 1830 the son of Anne and Thomas P. Carswell. His father was an iron-founder and merchant and it is likely that he was initially apprenticed as an iron-founder. His depth and understanding of iron construction shows both a practical knowledge and a strong design understanding. In 1851 he moved with his family to 106 South Portland Street in the Gorbals in"
"1872, and joined the Indian Public Works Department the same year. Following the British invasion and occupation of Egypt, he began work with the long-established Egyptian Public Works Department in 1883. He was serving as director general of reservoirs for Egypt when he completed his studies and plans in 1896 to construct the Aswan Low Dam, the first true storage reservoir on the river. He supervised its construction from 1898 to its completion in 1902. He also designed and constructed another dam on the Nile, the Assiut Barrage, also completed in 1902. He later became chairman of the Cairo Water"
"Dam, starting in 1898. MacDonald was involved in the original construction of the Dam and later became an advisor to the Egyptian Ministry of Public Works after the dam was completed in 1902. He became closely associated with the development and first heightening of the Aswan Low Dam for the provision of hydroelectricity. MacDonald retired from service with the Egyptian government in 1921 and returned to Britain where he began a partnership with a fellow Scot, Archibald MacCorquodale, who had worked with him in Scotland and Egypt, trading in London as MacDonald & MacCorquodale, consulting engineers. In 1927, the partnership"
"Isambard Kingdom Brunel Isambard Kingdom Brunel (; 9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859), was an English mechanical and civil engineer who is considered ""one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history"", ""one of the 19th-century engineering giants"", and ""one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions"". Brunel built dockyards, the Great Western Railway, a series of steamships including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship, and numerous important bridges and tunnels. His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering. Though Brunel's projects"
"followed later. Other notable designs were the Kincardine Bridge, Guinness and Company's brewery at Park Royal, the Captain Cook graving dock at Sydney, Australia, the Singapore naval base, supervision of construction of Phoenix units for the Mulberry harbours and an underground factory for aeroplane engines at Corsham. Between 1930 and 1936, the firm designed the modernist power stations of the Galloway hydro-electric power scheme. In 1936, it designed the Kincardine Bridge across the Firth of Forth, which was Britain's largest road bridge at the time. In 1937, the firm designed the Capper Pass and Son Smelting Works (as well as"
"in 1927. It was designed by Mott, Hay and Anderson and fabricated by the famous bridge building firm of Sir William Arrol & Co. at their Dalmarnock Ironworks in Glasgow (they also built the famous Forth Rail Bridge and the steel structure of Tower Bridge in London). The new bridge was built around the old one to allow the road to remain open. It was opened on 31 October 1929 by the Duke of York (who would later become King George VI). The cost of the bridge amounted to £231,943 of which £12,000 was spent on dismantling the old bridge."
"technicians and heavy machinery. The enormous rock and clay dam was designed by the Soviet Hydroproject Institute along with some Egyptian engineers. 25,000 Egyptian engineers and workers contributed to the construction of the dams. On the Egyptian side, the project was led by Osman Ahmed Osman's Arab Contractors. The relatively young Osman underbid his only competitor by one-half. The Aswan High Dam is long, wide at the base, wide at the crest and tall. It contains of material. At maximum, of water can pass through the dam. There are further emergency spillways for an extra , and the Toshka Canal"