"length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone (GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The long bone includes the femora, tibiae, and fibulae of the legs; the humeri, radii, and ulnae of the arms; metacarpals and metatarsals of the hands and feet, the phalanges of the fingers and toes, and the clavicles or collar bones. The long bones of the human leg comprise nearly half of adult height. The other primary skeletal component of height are the vertebrae and skull. The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the"
"the bone stimulates the ossification of adjacent tissue. The resulting compact bone is known as a periosteal collar. Even though it is classified as a long bone, the collarbone has no medullary (bone marrow) cavity like other long bones, though this is not always true. It is made up of spongy cancellous bone with a shell of compact bone. It is a dermal bone derived from elements originally attached to the skull. The shape of the clavicle varies more than most other long bones. It is occasionally pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve. In males it is thicker"
"Clavicle The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a touchable bone and in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible, as it creates a bulge in the skin. It receives its name from the (""little key"") because"
"Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones the scapulae are paired, with the scapula on either side of the body being roughly a mirror image of the other. The name derives from early Roman times when it was thought that the bone resembled a trowel or small shovel. In compound terms, the prefix omo- is used for the shoulder blade in Latin medical terminology. The prefix is"
"""collarbone"" and the ""scapula"" or the ""shoulder blade"". The spelling ""humerus"" is actually incorrect in classical Latin. Those three bones were referred to as the ""ossa"" (Latin: bones) ""umeri"" (Latin: of the umerus). Umerus was also used to refer specifically to the shoulder. This mirrors the use of ὦμος in ancient Greek as that could refer to the ""shoulder with the upper arm"" or to the ""shoulder"" alone. Since Celsus, the ""os umeri"" could refer specifically to the ""upper bone of the arm"". The 16th century anatomist Andreas Vesalius used ""humerus"" to refer to the clavicle. Besides the aforementioned ""os"
"Vertebral column The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bone: vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord. There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column. The human vertebral column is one of the most-studied examples. In a human's vertebral column there"
"However, it is one of the last bones to finish ossification at about 21–25 years of age. A study measuring 748 males and 252 females saw a difference in collarbone length between age groups 18–20 and 21–25 of about for males and females respectively. Its lateral end is formed by intramembranous ossification while medially it is formed by endochondral ossification. It consists of a mass of cancellous bone surrounded by a compact bone shell. The cancellous bone forms via two ossification centres, one medial and one lateral, which fuse later on. The compact forms as the layer of fascia covering"
"4th century BC: The management of skeletal injuries in ancient Egypt – Collar bone: ""If thou examinest a man having a break in his collar bone and shouldst thou find his collar bone short and separated from its fellow, I will treat. Place him prostrate on his back with something folded between his shoulder blades; thou shouldst spread out with his two shoulders to stretch apart his collar bone until the break falls in its place."" Clavicle fracture A clavicle fracture, also known as a broken collarbone, is a bone fracture of the clavicle. Symptoms typically include pain at the"
"the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The clavicle was present in saurischian dinosaurs but largely absent in ornithischian dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the glenoid. The scapula serves as the attachment site for a dinosaur's back and forelimb muscles. Scapula In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade, wing bone or blade bone, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like"
"the direction of rotation of the superior portion of the sacrum opposite the side of the superior axis pole, and the last letter pertains to the pole. English ""sacrum"" was introduced as a technical term in anatomy in the mid-18th century, as a shortening of the Late Latin name ""os sacrum"" ""sacred bone"", itself a translation of Greek ἱερόν ὀστέον, the term found in the writings of Galen. Prior to the adoption of ""sacrum"", the bone was also called ""holy bone"" in English, paralleling German ""heiliges Bein"" or ""Heiligenbein"" (alongside ""Kreuzbein"") and Dutch ""heiligbeen"". The origin of Galen's term is"
"Palpebral (bone) The palpebral bone is a small dermal bone found in the region of the eye socket in a variety of animals, including crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs. It is also known as the adlacrimal or supraorbital, although the latter term may not be confused with the supraorbital in osteichthyan fishes. In ornithischians, the palpebral can form a prong that projects from the front upper corner of the orbit. It is large in heterodontosaurids, basal ornithopods such as ""Thescelosaurus"" (as ""Bugenasaura"") and ""Dryosaurus"", and basal ceratopsians such as ""Archaeoceratops""; in these animals, the prong is elongate and would have stuck"
"a wishbone. In birds, the clavicles and interclavicle have fused to form a single Y-shaped bone, the furcula or ""wishbone"" which evolved from the clavicles found in coelurosaurian theropods. Clavicle The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a touchable bone and in people who have less"
"the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured due to impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit. The collarbone, a large doubly curved long bone that connects the arm to the trunk of the body. Located directly above the first rib it acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely. Medially, it articulates with the manubrium of the sternum (breastbone) at the"
"skull which articulates with the first cervical vertebra. Vertebral column The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of a vertebrate in which the notochord (a flexible rod of uniform composition) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of bone: vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs. The vertebral column houses the spinal canal, a cavity that encloses and protects the spinal cord. There are about 50,000 species of animals that have a vertebral column. The human vertebral column is one of the"
"Vomer The vomer () is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum, with the superior part formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The name is derived from the Latin word for a ploughshare and the shape of the bone. The vomer is situated in the median plane, but its anterior portion is frequently bent to one side. It"
"bone and the prefrontal bone. The posterior part of the bone articulates with the postorbital bone and the parietal bone. This bone defines all of part of the upper margin of the orbit. Frontal bone The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull. The bone consists of two portions. These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bony part of the forehead, part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively. The name comes from the Latin word ""frons"" (meaning"
"κλόνις (Latinized ""clonis""); this term is cognate to Latin ""clunis"" ""buttock"", Sanskrit """" ""haunch"" and Lithuanian ""šlaunis"" ""hip, thigh"". The Latin word is found in the alternative Latin name of the sacrum, ""ossa clunium"", as it were ""bones of the buttocks"". Due to the fact that the os sacrum is broad and thick at its upper end, the sacrum is alternatively called ""os latum"", ""broad bone"". In dogs the sacrum is formed by three fused vertebrae. The sacrum in the horse is made up of five fused vertebrae. In birds the sacral vertebrae are fused with the lumbar and some"
"Cervical collar A cervical collar, also known as a neck brace, is a medical device used to support a person's neck. It is also applied by emergency personnel to those who have had traumatic head or neck injuries, and can be used to treat chronic medical conditions. Whenever people have a traumatic head or neck injury, they may have a cervical fracture. This makes them at high risk for spinal cord injury, which could be exacerbated by movement of the person and could lead to paralysis or death. A common scenario for this injury would be a person suspected of"
"Coffin bone The coffin bone, also known as the pedal bone (U.S.), is the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. Also known as the distal phalanx, third phalanx, or ""P3"". The coffin bone meets the short pastern bone or second phalanx at the coffin joint. The coffin bone is connected to the inner wall of the horse hoof by a structure called the laminar layer. The insensitive laminae coming in from the hoof wall connects to the sensitive laminae layer, containing the blood supply and nerves, which is attached to the coffin bone."
"Frontal bone The frontal bone is a bone in the human skull. The bone consists of two portions. These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bony part of the forehead, part of the bony orbital cavity holding the eye, and part of the bony part of the nose respectively. The name comes from the Latin word ""frons"" (meaning ""forehead""). The frontal bone is made up of two main parts. These are the squamous part, and the orbital part. The squamous part marks the vertical, flat, and also the biggest part, and"
"the hard palate beneath the vomer means that the bone is now located in a nasal chamber, separate from the mouth. Vomer The vomer () is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum, with the superior part formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The name is derived from the Latin word for a ploughshare and the shape of"
"Calvaria (skull) The calvaria or skullcap (feminine Latin noun with plural ""calvariae""; however, many medical texts list the word as ""calvarium"", neuter Latin noun with plural ""calvaria"") is the upper part of the neurocranium and covers the cranial cavity containing the brain. It forms the main component of the skull roof. The calvaria (skullcap) is made up of the superior portions of the frontal bone, occipital bone, and parietal bones. In the human skull, the sutures between the bones normally remain flexible during the first few years of postnatal development, and fontanelles are palpable. Premature complete ossification of these sutures"
"trauma. Treatment of assorted disorders may also involve use of shoe pads, anti-inflammatory medication, and management changes. Coffin bone The coffin bone, also known as the pedal bone (U.S.), is the bottommost bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof capsule. Also known as the distal phalanx, third phalanx, or ""P3"". The coffin bone meets the short pastern bone or second phalanx at the coffin joint. The coffin bone is connected to the inner wall of the horse hoof by a structure called the laminar layer. The insensitive laminae coming in from the hoof wall connects to"
"is located on chromosome 9 in homo sapiens specifically on spot number 32. Collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1 Collagen alpha-1 (XXVII) chain (COL27A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""COL27A1"" gene. COL27A1 is a type XXVII collagen. It was discovered by James Pace. This gene appears to be turned on in cartilage, the eye, and in the ear. Type XXVII collagen is related to the ""fibrillar"" class of collagens and may play a role in development of the skeleton. Fibrillar collagens, such as COL27A1, compose one of the most ancient families of extracellular matrix molecules. They"
"Articular bone The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as Stem-mammal. In these animals it is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular. It forms the jaw joint by articulating with the quadrate bone of the skull. In mammals, the articular bone has migrated to the middle ear to become the malleus, while the quadrate bone becomes the incus. Paleontologists regard this as a defining characteristic of mammalian fossils. It is analogous to, but not homologous to"
"noun use of feminine of διπλόος (""diplóos"", “double”) Diploë Diploë ( or ) is the spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull. In the cranial bones, the layers of compact cortical tissue are familiarly known as the tables of the skull; the outer one is thick and tough; the inner is thin, dense, and brittle, and hence is termed the ""vitreous table"". The intervening cancellous tissue is called the diploë. In certain regions of the skull this becomes absorbed so as to leave spaces filled with liquid between the two tables."
"Zygomatic bone In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone or malar bone) is a paired irregular bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; four processes (the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal), and four borders. The ""malar surface"" is convex and perforated near its"
"Humerus The humerus (, plural: ""humeri"") is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rounded head, a narrow neck, and two short processes (tubercles, sometimes called tuberosities). The body is cylindrical in its upper portion, and more prismatic below. The lower extremity consists of 2 epicondyles, 2 processes (trochlea & capitulum), and 3 fossae (radial fossa, coronoid fossa, and olecranon fossa). As well as its"
"are named according to what bone they are near (e.g. tibialis anterior and the tibial nerve are near the tibia). So the artery that runs near the smaller leg bone had two names: the ""peroneal artery"" and the ""fibular artery"". The term ""fibula"" eventually became the standard name for the bone, but many of the related arteries, muscles, and nerves are still called by the Greek derived name ""peroneal"". The Terminologia Anatomica, the international standard for anatomical nomenclature, states that both ""fibula"" and ""perone"" derived names are acceptable, but lists the ""fibula"" derived names as the preferred terms. Like ""fibula"","
"Collagen, type XXVII, alpha 1 Collagen alpha-1 (XXVII) chain (COL27A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""COL27A1"" gene. COL27A1 is a type XXVII collagen. It was discovered by James Pace. This gene appears to be turned on in cartilage, the eye, and in the ear. Type XXVII collagen is related to the ""fibrillar"" class of collagens and may play a role in development of the skeleton. Fibrillar collagens, such as COL27A1, compose one of the most ancient families of extracellular matrix molecules. They form major structural elements in extracellular matrices of cartilage, skin, and tendon. COL27A1"
"the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is called the glenoid. The glenoid is important because it defines the range of motion of the humerus. Glenoid cavity The glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa of scapula is a part of the shoulder. It is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is directed laterally and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest. This cavity forms the glenohumeral joint along with the humerus. This type of joint is"
"Skull roof The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates. The bones are derived from dermal bone and are part of the dermatocranium. In comparative anatomy the term is used on the full dermatocranium. In general anatomy, the roofing bones may refer specifically to the bones that form above and alongside the brain and neurocranium (i.e., excluding the marginal upper jaw bones such as the maxilla and premaxilla), and in human anatomy, the skull roof often refers specifically to the"
"the articular process of the lower jaw. Articular bone The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as Stem-mammal. In these animals it is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular. It forms the jaw joint by articulating with the quadrate bone of the skull. In mammals, the articular bone has migrated to the middle ear to become the malleus, while the quadrate bone becomes the incus. Paleontologists regard this as a defining characteristic of mammalian fossils. It"