"were common markers on the roads in India. Minimum length = 1 Inch<br> No-one can say how it evolved. ""Yinch"" was the thickness of the thumb, not quite one inch.<br> 12 Inches = 1 Foot<br> 3 Feet = 1 Yard<br> 660 Feet = 1 Furlong<br> 5,280 Feet = 1 Mile<br> 1,760 Yards = 1 Mile<br> 1 Mile = 8 Furlongs<br> 22 Yards = 1 Chain<br> 1 Acre = (1 Chain) × (1 Furlong) 1 Canal mile = 5000 imperial feet on canals shown by stone marker each 5000 feet and also on British maps at 1:63360 scale and later Pakistan"
"Furlong A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one eighth of a mile, equivalent to 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods, or 10 chains. Using the international definition of the inch as exactly 25.4 millimetres, one furlong is 201.168 metres. However, the United States does not uniformly use this conversion ratio. Older ratios are in use for surveying purposes in some states, leading to variations in the length of the furlong of two parts per million, or about 0.4 millimetres ( inch). This variation is too small to have practical consequences"
"most practical measurements. Furlong A furlong is a measure of distance in imperial units and U.S. customary units equal to one eighth of a mile, equivalent to 660 feet, 220 yards, 40 rods, or 10 chains. Using the international definition of the inch as exactly 25.4 millimetres, one furlong is 201.168 metres. However, the United States does not uniformly use this conversion ratio. Older ratios are in use for surveying purposes in some states, leading to variations in the length of the furlong of two parts per million, or about 0.4 millimetres ( inch). This variation is too small to"
"Chain (unit) The chain is a unit of length equal to 66 feet (22 yards). It is subdivided into 100 links or 4 rods. There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. In metric terms, it is 20.1168 m long. By extension, chainage (running distance) is the distance along a curved or straight survey line from a fixed commencing point, as given by an odometer. The chain has been used for several centuries in England and in some other countries influenced by English practice. In the United Kingdom, there were 80 chains to the"
"leading to serious complications in trade, taxation, etc. Around the year 1300, by royal decree England standardized a long list of measures. Among the important units of distance and length at the time were the foot, yard, rod (or pole), furlong, and the mile. The rod was defined as yards or feet, and the mile was eight furlongs, so the definition of the furlong became 40 rods and that of the mile became 5,280 feet (eight furlongs/mile times 40 rods/furlong times feet/rod). A description from 1675 states, ""Dimensurator or Measuring Instrument whereof the mosts usual has been the Chain, and"
"the common length for English Measures four Poles, as answering indifferently to the Englishs Mile and Acre, 10 such Chains in length making a Furlong, and 10 single square Chains an Acre, so that a square Mile contains 640 square Acres."" —John Ogilby, Britannia, 1675 The official use of the furlong was abolished in the United Kingdom under the Weights and Measures Act 1985, an act that also abolished the official use of many other traditional units of measurement. In Myanmar, furlongs are currently used in conjunction with miles to indicate distances on highway signs. Mileposts on the Yangon–Mandalay Expressway"
"in most applications. Five furlongs are about 1.0 kilometre ( is the exact value, according to the international conversion). The name ""furlong"" derives from the Old English words ' (furrow) and ' (long). Dating back at least to early Anglo-Saxon times, it originally referred to the length of the furrow in one acre of a ploughed open field (a medieval communal field which was divided into strips). The furlong (meaning furrow length) was the distance a team of oxen could plough without resting. This was standardised to be exactly 40 rods or 10 chains. The system of long furrows arose"
"Chain Road, by Lee Kernaghan, include the line ""He lived out on the three chain road"". Chain (unit) The chain is a unit of length equal to 66 feet (22 yards). It is subdivided into 100 links or 4 rods. There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. In metric terms, it is 20.1168 m long. By extension, chainage (running distance) is the distance along a curved or straight survey line from a fixed commencing point, as given by an odometer. The chain has been used for several centuries in England and in some"
"United Kingdom, which define the furlong in terms of the international yard of exactly 0.9144 metres, a furlong is 201.168 m. Australia does not formally define the furlong, but it does define the chain and link in terms of the international yard. In the United States, which defines the furlong, chain, rod, and link in terms of the U.S. survey foot of exactly metre, a furlong is approximately 201.1684 m long. The United States does not formally define a ""survey yard"". The difference of approximately two parts per million between the U.S. value and the ""international"" value is insignificant for"
"the fundamental unit of land measurement. A furlong was forty rods, an acre four by 40 rods, or four rods by one furlong, and thus 160 square rods. At the time, the Saxons used the North German foot, which was 10 percent longer than the foot of today. When England changed to the shorter foot in the late 13th century, rods and furlongs remained unchanged, since property boundaries were already defined in rods and furlongs. The only thing that changed was the number of feet and yards in a rod or a furlong, and the number of square feet and"
"FFF system The furlong–firkin–fortnight (FFF) system is a humorous system of units based on unusual or impractical measurements. The length unit of the system is the furlong, the mass unit is the mass of a firkin of water, and the time unit is the fortnight. Like the SI or meter–kilogram–second systems, there are derived units for velocity, volume, mass and weight, etc. While the FFF system is not used in practice, it has been used as an example in discussions of the relative merits of different systems of units. Some of the FFF units, notably the microfortnight, have been used"
"and one furlong. A long, narrow strip of land is more efficient to plough than a square plot, since the plough does not have to be turned so often. The word ""furlong"" itself derives from the fact that it is one furrow long. Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres. These were differently sized in different countries: for instance, the historical French acre was 4,221 square metres, whereas in Germany there were many variants of ""acre"", differing between the German states: Statutory values for the acre were enacted in England, and"
"meters). There are 10 chains or 40 rods in a furlong (eighth-mile), and so 80 chains or 320 rods in one statute mile (1760 yards, 1609.344 m, 1.609344 km); the definition of which was set by Royal surveyor (called the 'sworn viewer') John Ogilby only after the Great Fire of London (1666). An acre is defined as the area of 10 square chains (that is, an area of one chain by one furlong), and derives from the shapes of new-tech plows and the desire to quickly survey seized church lands into a quantity of squares for quick sales by Henry"
"fortnight. Like the more common furlongs per fortnight, firkins per fortnight have been used with the meaning ""any obscure unit"". FFF system The furlong–firkin–fortnight (FFF) system is a humorous system of units based on unusual or impractical measurements. The length unit of the system is the furlong, the mass unit is the mass of a firkin of water, and the time unit is the fortnight. Like the SI or meter–kilogram–second systems, there are derived units for velocity, volume, mass and weight, etc. While the FFF system is not used in practice, it has been used as an example in discussions"
"Rood (unit) A rood () is a historic English and international inch-pound measure of area, as well as an archaic English measure of length. ""Rood"" is an archaic word for ""pole"", from Old English ""rōd"" ""pole"", specifically ""cross"", from Proto-Germanic ""*rodo"", cognate to Old Saxon ""rōda"", Old High German ""ruoda"" ""rod""; the relation of ""rood"" to ""rod"", from Old English ""rodd"" ""pole"", is unclear; the latter was perhaps influenced by Old Norse ""rudda"" ""club"". Rood is an English unit of area, equal to one quarter of an acre or . A rectangle that is one furlong (i.e. 10 chains, or"
"Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare. The acre is a statute measure in the United States and was formerly one in the United Kingdom and almost all countries of the former British Empire, although informal use continues. The international symbol of the acre is ac. In"
"two new units of measure— the chain and the link—and a new measuring device: Gunter's chain. Gunter's chain was one chain (one tenth of a furlong) in length and consisted of 100 links, making each link 0.001 furlongs. The decimal nature of these units and of the device made it easy to calculate the area of a rectangle of land in acres and decimal fractions of an acre. In 1670, John Wilkins, the first president of the Royal Society, published his proposal for a decimal system of measure, in his work ""An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical"
"the furlong and the rood appear to be units related to ploughing procedures. Of particular interest was the rood which was 15 North German feet in length, the North German foot being equivalent to 335 mm (13.2 inches). Craftsmen, on the other hand used a shorter Roman foot. Standardization of weights and measures was a recurring issue for monarchs. In 965 AD, King Edgar decreed ""that only one weight and one measure should pass throughout the King's dominion"". In 1197 Richard I decreed that the measures of corn and pulse, and of wine and ale should be the same throughout"
"in the Hoddle Grid of Melbourne are also one furlong in length. Much of Ontario, Canada, was originally surveyed on a ten-furlong grid, with major roads being laid out along the grid lines. Now that distances are shown on road signs in kilometres, these major roads are almost exactly two kilometres apart. The exits on highways running through Toronto, for example, are generally at intervals of two kilometres. The furlong is also a base unit of the humorous FFF system of units. The exact conversion of the furlong to SI units varies slightly among English-speaking countries. In Canada and the"
"Chain, and the common length for English Measures 4 Poles, as answering indifferently to the Englishs Mile and Acre, 10 such Chains in length making a Furlong, and 10 single square Chains an Acre, so that a square Mile contains 640 square Acres...' John Ogilby, Britannia, 1675 From Gunter's system, the chain and the link became standard surveyors' units of length and crossed to the colonies. The thirteen states of America were expanding westward and the public land had to be surveyed for a cadastral. In 1784 Thomas Jefferson wrote a report for the Continental Congress proposing the rectangular survey"
"different lengths. Based on data from the following: In England, the rod is first defined in law by the Composition of Yards and Perches, one of the statutes of uncertain date from the late 13th to early 14th centuries. The length of the ""chain"" was standardized in 1620 by Edmund Gunter at exactly four rods. Fields were measured in ""acres"", which were one chain (four rods) by one furlong (in the United Kingdom, ten chains). Bars of metal one rod long were used as standards of length when surveying land. The rod was still in use as a common unit"
"Prairie Provinces and the US Midwest are on square-mile grids for surveying purposes. Acre The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare. The acre is a statute measure in the United States and was formerly one in the United Kingdom and almost all countries of the former British Empire,"
"step (""krok""), equalling 3.75 of standard ell, or 2.2333 metres. Two steps made a rod (""pręt"", 4.4665 metres), 2 rods made a stick (""laska""), and five sticks were equal to a cable (""sznur"" of 44.665 metres). Finally 3 cables made up a furlong (""staje"") of roughly 134 metres. In measuring the distance between cities, the basic unit was ""staje"", although it was different from the ""staje"" mentioned before and had the length of roughly 893 metres. Eight ""staje"" made up a Polish mile of 7144 metres. The weights were based on the Polish pound (""funt"" of 0.4052 kg) composed of"
"7.92 inches long. A quarter chain, or 25 links, measures 5½ yards and thus measures a rod (or pole). Ten chains measure a furlong and 80 chains measure a statute mile. Gunter's chain reconciled two seemingly incompatible systems: the traditional English land measurements, based on the number four, and decimals based on the number 10. Since an acre measured 10 square chains (or 100,000 square links) in Gunter's system, the entire process of land measurement could be computed using measurements in links, and then converted to acres by dividing the results by 100,000. The method of surveying a field or"
"Selion Selion is a medieval open strip of land or small field used for growing crops, usually owned by or rented to peasants. A selion of land was typically one furlong (660 ft) long and one chain (66 ft) wide. However, exact measurements could vary depending on geography of the land. The area of one furlong by one chain is one acre. Monasteries or similar institutions were often bequeathed selions and then derived an income from them by letting. Relation to Strip farming A strip of land consisted of one, two or three selions, although Rackham reports a strip might"
"be ""a block of up to forty selions"" Selion Selion is a medieval open strip of land or small field used for growing crops, usually owned by or rented to peasants. A selion of land was typically one furlong (660 ft) long and one chain (66 ft) wide. However, exact measurements could vary depending on geography of the land. The area of one furlong by one chain is one acre. Monasteries or similar institutions were often bequeathed selions and then derived an income from them by letting. Relation to Strip farming A strip of land consisted of one, two or"
"(~296 mm) was divided into both 12 ""unciae"" (inches) (~24.7 mm) and 16 digits (~18.5 mm). The Romans also introduced the ""mille passus"" (1000 paces) or double steps, the pace being equal to five Roman feet (~1480 mm). The Roman mile of 5000 feet (1480 m) was introduced into England during the occupation. Queen Elizabeth I (reigned from 1558 to 1603) changed, by statute, the mile to 5280 feet (~1609 m) or 8 furlongs, a furlong being 40 rod (unit)s (~201 m) of 5.5 yards (~5.03 m) each. The introduction of the yard (0.9144 m) as a unit of length"
"""furlong"" in place of the Greek ""stadion"", although more recent translations often use miles or kilometres in the main text and give the original numbers in footnotes. In the Roman system, there were 625 feet to the ""stadium"", eight ""stadia"" to the mile, and three miles to the league. A league was considered to be the distance a man could walk in one hour, and the mile (from ""mille"", ""meaning thousand"") consisted of 1,000 ""passus"" (paces, five feet, or double-step). After the fall of the Roman Empire, medieval Europe continued with the Roman system, which the people proceeded to diversify,"
"mile, but until the early nineteenth century the Scottish and Irish customary miles were longer than the statute mile; consequently a Scots chain was about 74 (imperial) feet, an Irish chain 84 feet. These longer chains became obsolete following the adoption of the imperial system in 1824. This unit ceased to be permitted to be ""used for trade"" in 1985. The UK statute chain is 22 yards []. Until the Weights and Measures Act 1985, this length was a formal unit of statute measure in the United Kingdom. One link is a hundredth part of a chain, so is ."
"Wiardunek The Wiardunek (also referred to as wiardunk, czwartak or ferton; , ) was a Mediaeval Central European unit of mass most widely used in Poland and Germany. Wiardunek was also used as a unit of account, and as a such as commodity money. As a unit of mass 1 wiardunek (ca. 49 g) was equivalent to 1/4 of grzywna. Two ounces made up one wiardunek, and in turn each ounce consisted of two lots. As a unit of currency, the wiardunek was introduced probably around 14th century, first in Bohemia and then in other Central European states. This usage"
"develop and Erlang's equations cannot be used. Erlang (unit) The erlang (symbol E) is a dimensionless unit that is used in telephony as a measure of offered load or carried load on service-providing elements such as telephone circuits or telephone switching equipment. A single cord circuit has the capacity to be used for 60 minutes in one hour. Full utilization of that capacity, 60 minutes of traffic, constitutes 1 erlang. Carried traffic in erlangs is the average number of concurrent calls measured over a given period (often one hour), while offered traffic is the traffic that would be carried if"
"Erlang (unit) The erlang (symbol E) is a dimensionless unit that is used in telephony as a measure of offered load or carried load on service-providing elements such as telephone circuits or telephone switching equipment. A single cord circuit has the capacity to be used for 60 minutes in one hour. Full utilization of that capacity, 60 minutes of traffic, constitutes 1 erlang. Carried traffic in erlangs is the average number of concurrent calls measured over a given period (often one hour), while offered traffic is the traffic that would be carried if all call-attempts succeeded. How much offered traffic"
"""Compositio"" retained the Anglo-Saxon rod of 5.03 metres and the acre of 4 × 40 rods. However, it redefined the yard, foot, inch, and barleycorn to of their previous value. Thus, the rod went from 5 old yards to new yards, or 15 old feet to new feet. The furlong went from 600 old feet (200 old yards) to 660 new feet (220 new yards). The acre went from 36,000 old square feet to 43,560 new square feet. Scholars have speculated that the ""Compositio"" may have represented a compromise between two earlier systems of the units, the Anglo-Saxon and the"