"with the distinct beetle family Phengodidae or the fly genus ""Arachnocampa"".) Lampyrid larvae have simple eyes. The term glowworm is also used for both adults and larvae of species such as ""Lampyris noctiluca"", the common European glowworm, in which only the nonflying adult females glow brightly and the flying males glow only weakly and intermittently. Fireflies hibernate over winter during the larval stage, some species for several years. Some do this by burrowing underground, while others find places on or under the bark of trees. They emerge in the spring. After several weeks of feeding on other insects, snails, and"
"Pyrophorus noctilucus Pyrophorus noctilucus, common name Headlight Elater, is a species of click beetle (family Elateridae). ""Pyrophorus noctilucus"" can reach a length of . The basic coloration is dark brown. The antennae are serrate. The pronotum shows a long backward-pointing tooth. These beetles are among the brightest bioluminescent insects (Levy 1998). With a brightness of around 45 millilamberts (Harvey & Stevens 1928), they are said to be technically bright enough to read by (Meerman). They achieve their luminescence by means of two light organs at the posterior corners of the prothorax, and a broad area on the underside of the"
"Pipiza noctiluca Pipiza noctiluca is a species of Hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera<br> Wing length 6.5 -8mm. Tarsae1: segments 1-2 yellowish; face broadened towards mouth edge with eye margins divergent. Wing: dark cloud at median.3rd segment as long as wide. Abdomen yellow spots with small or abdomen entirely grey black. See references for determination. Palearctic Atlantic zone of Europe and Scandinavia. All Europe if older records are accepted Habitat: ""Salix"" stands and ""Quercus"" woodland, Atlantic scrub, conifer forest, conifer plantations. Suburban gardens and along hedges in farmland. Flowers"
"Neoclytus longipes Neoclytus longipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773. General colour dark red brown. Antennae about half the length of the insect. Thorax cylindrical and covered with a fine short down or hair; having on each side a small tubercle or swelling, without any spine. Scutellum small, and semi oval. Elytra parti coloured; the lighter parts (as seen in the plate) being covered with the same kind of short hair as the thorax; with four spines at their extremities, the two inner ones being the smallest. Abdomen with"
"The prothorax is black and shiny.The head and legs are black, as well as the antennae that are quite short. ""Clytra laeviuscula"" can be distinguished from ladybirds (family Coccinellidae) by its more elongated form and by its tarsi (ends of the legs) formed of five parts (three for ladybugs). This species is rather similar to ""Clytra quadripunctata"". Adults occurs frequently from May to August. They are phytophagous. The feed on leaves, flowers and pollen of deciduous trees, mainly of ""Quercus robur"", ""Salix"", ""Populus"", ""Betula"", ""Fraxinus excelsior"", ""Fagus sylvatica"", ""Dorycnium"", ""Prunus"", ""Ulmus"" and ""Corylus avellana"". They feed also on pollen of"
"visited include umbellifers, ""Crataegus"", ""Filipendula"", ""Ranunculus"", ""Rosa"", ""Stellaria"", ""Taraxacum"". Flies May to September. ""Pipiza"" larvae are predators of gall forming aphids. Pipiza noctiluca Pipiza noctiluca is a species of Hoverfly, from the family Syrphidae, in the order Diptera. External images For terms see Morphology of Diptera<br> Wing length 6.5 -8mm. Tarsae1: segments 1-2 yellowish; face broadened towards mouth edge with eye margins divergent. Wing: dark cloud at median.3rd segment as long as wide. Abdomen yellow spots with small or abdomen entirely grey black. See references for determination. Palearctic Atlantic zone of Europe and Scandinavia. All Europe if older records are"
"Photuris Photuris is a genus of fireflies (beetles of the family Lampyridae). These are the ""femme fatale"" lightning bugs of North America. This common name refers to a behavior of the adult females of these predatory beetles; they engage in aggressive mimicry, imitating the light signals of other firefly species' females to attract, kill, and eat the males. Their flashing bioluminescent signals seem to have evolved independently and eventually adapted to those of their prey, mainly unrelated Lampyrinae, such as ""Photinus"" (rover fireflies) or ""Pyractomena"". The Pennsylvania lightning bug (""P. pensylvanica"") is the state insect of Pennsylvania. Species include: At"
"Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the Noctuidae family. ""S. litura"" is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent that was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. In total, 87 species of host plants that are parasitized by ""S. litura"" are of economic importance. The species parasitize the plants through the larvae's vigorous eating patterns, oftentimes leaving the leaves completely destroyed. The moth's effects are quite disastrous, destroying"
"from lower angle of cell. Based on the Global Lepidoptera Names Index: Ilyrgis Ilyrgis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. The male has the second joint of palpi reaching vertex of head. Third joint moderate length and naked. Antennae bipectinate (comb like on both sides), with long branches. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Forewings with arched costa near base and at apex, which is slightly produced. The outer margin excurved at middle. Veins 7 to 10 stalked. A tuft of long scales from base of costa on underside. The retinacular"
"& the Grenadines, Argentina, Cayman Islands, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Texas, Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic and Uruguay. Pyrophorus noctilucus Pyrophorus noctilucus, common name Headlight Elater, is a species of click beetle (family Elateridae). ""Pyrophorus noctilucus"" can reach a length of . The basic coloration is dark brown. The antennae are serrate. The pronotum shows a long backward-pointing tooth. These beetles are among the brightest bioluminescent insects (Levy 1998). With a brightness of around 45 millilamberts (Harvey & Stevens 1928), they are said to be technically bright enough to read"
"Nomophila nearctica Nomophila nearctica, the lucerne moth, clover nomophila, false webworm, celery stalkworm or American celery webworm, is a moth of the Crambidae family. It is known from southern Canada and all of the United States, south to Mexico and the Neotropics. The wingspan is 24–35 mm. When at rest, adults keep their wings overlapped and hugged against the abdomen, giving a long and narrow profile. The forewing is elongate, grayish-brown with two side-by-side dark oval spots near the middle of the wing, and another dark bilobed spot a little farther out. The hindwings are much broader. They are pale"
"Notonecta maculata Notonecta maculata is a backswimmer of the family Notonectidae, found in Europe, including the United Kingdom. ""Notonecta maculata"" are small, light brown insects of the order Hemiptera. These animals have a number of dark markings on their wings and body, and have large reddish eyes. Their hind legs are modified to be oar-shaped, to allow them to swim in water. These animals can grow up to 2 centimeters in length in their adult stage. This individual species can be distinguished from other ""Notonecta"" species by their mottled brick-coloured forewings. ""Notonecta maculata"" are voracious predators, eating many invertebrate species"
"Lasionycta leucocycla Lasionycta leucocycla is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It can be found in Scandinavia, Siberia and northern North America. The wingspan is 22–28 mm. The moths fly from June to July. Adults feed on the nectar of ""Silene acaulis"", ""Mertensia paniculata"" and ""Senecio"" species, probably ""Senecio lugens"". The larvae feed on ""Dryas octopetala"" and ""Astragalus"" species. ""Lasionycta leucocycla dovrensis"" is formally treated as a subspecies of ""Lasionycta leucocycla"", but might be a valid species, in which case ""Lasionycta leucocycla altaica"" would probably be a subspecies of ""Lasionycta dovrensis"". ""Lasionycta leucocycla flanda"" was raised to species level as"
"three yellow spots on each side, and another at the anus. The body has likewise a large spot on each side, and another near the breast, joining to the middle legs. Four hindlegs long. Femora rough, with two short spines at the tips. Tibiae with two spurs. Length about one inch (25 mm). Neoclytus longipes Neoclytus longipes is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773. General colour dark red brown. Antennae about half the length of the insect. Thorax cylindrical and covered with a fine short down or hair; having on"
"least 64 species are recognized, all restricted to temperate North America. They mainly occur from the East Coast to Texas. Photuris Photuris is a genus of fireflies (beetles of the family Lampyridae). These are the ""femme fatale"" lightning bugs of North America. This common name refers to a behavior of the adult females of these predatory beetles; they engage in aggressive mimicry, imitating the light signals of other firefly species' females to attract, kill, and eat the males. Their flashing bioluminescent signals seem to have evolved independently and eventually adapted to those of their prey, mainly unrelated Lampyrinae, such as"
"Ilyrgis Ilyrgis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1859. The male has the second joint of palpi reaching vertex of head. Third joint moderate length and naked. Antennae bipectinate (comb like on both sides), with long branches. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Forewings with arched costa near base and at apex, which is slightly produced. The outer margin excurved at middle. Veins 7 to 10 stalked. A tuft of long scales from base of costa on underside. The retinacular tuft large. Hindwings with veins 3 and 4 stalked and vein 5"
"a disco-submarginal series, a series of marginal black lunules and a short oblique black apical line. The hindwings are shining sordid white, with a broad, pale brown external border. The larvae feed on ""Quercus mongolica"". Neoploca Neoploca is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Thyatirinae first described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1927. It contains only one species, Neoploca arctipennis, first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878, which is found in Japan, Korea, the Russian Far East and China (Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Jiangsu). The wingspan is 35–38 mm. The forewings are silvery grey, the base, a central"
"""Lasionycta flanda"". Lasionycta leucocycla Lasionycta leucocycla is a moth of the Noctuidae family. It can be found in Scandinavia, Siberia and northern North America. The wingspan is 22–28 mm. The moths fly from June to July. Adults feed on the nectar of ""Silene acaulis"", ""Mertensia paniculata"" and ""Senecio"" species, probably ""Senecio lugens"". The larvae feed on ""Dryas octopetala"" and ""Astragalus"" species. ""Lasionycta leucocycla dovrensis"" is formally treated as a subspecies of ""Lasionycta leucocycla"", but might be a valid species, in which case ""Lasionycta leucocycla altaica"" would probably be a subspecies of ""Lasionycta dovrensis"". ""Lasionycta leucocycla flanda"" was raised to species"
"Neoploca Neoploca is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Thyatirinae first described by Shōnen Matsumura in 1927. It contains only one species, Neoploca arctipennis, first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1878, which is found in Japan, Korea, the Russian Far East and China (Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Jiangsu). The wingspan is 35–38 mm. The forewings are silvery grey, the base, a central irregular black edged band, a transverse discal stripe and the outer border are rather paler and greyer than the rest of the wing. There is a black dot at the interior angle of the cell,"
"Cosmopepla conspicillaris Cosmopepla conspicillaris is a species of insect in the Pentatomidae family. Due to its common preference for plants in the Stachys genus, it is often called the hedgenettle stink bug. It is also known as the conspicuous stink bug, two-spotted stink bug or happy bespectacled stink bug depending on locality. The name two-spotted stink bug is better applied to another species, ""Perillus bioculatus"" (Fabricius, 1775). C. conspicillaris is a showy stink bug with a black base colour and orange outer markings. This species differs from other genus members by the white chevron-shaped tip of the scutellum, and the"
"spraying a solution of this fungus on larvae in a laboratory setting has led to effective control of the late second and early third instar stages of the larvae on castor crops. When tested in the field, there was a very high larvae mortality of 88-97% 19 days after application of the fungal solution. Spodoptera litura Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the Noctuidae family. ""S. litura"" is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent that was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. Its"
"Firefly The Lampyridae are a family of insects in the beetle order Coleoptera. They are winged soft-bodied beetles, commonly called fireflies or lightning bugs for their conspicuous use of bioluminescence during twilight to attract mates or prey. Fireflies produce a ""cold light"", with no infrared or ultraviolet frequencies. This chemically produced light from the lower abdomen may be yellow, green, or pale red, with wavelengths from 510 to 670 nanometers. Some species such as the dimly glowing ""blue ghost"" of the Eastern US are commonly thought to emit blue light (<490 nanometers), however this is a false perception of their"
"Lampyris raymondi Lampyris raymondi is a firefly species of the genus ""Lampyris"", belonging to the order Coleoptera. ""Lampyris raymondi"" can reach an adult size of about . This insect presents a conspicuous sexual dimorphism. The females generally are longer than males (up to 25mm in length). They are larviform, do not have wings and produce a continuous glow (""glowworms""). They use their bioluminescence to attract mates. The males are winged, elytra are brown, with a yellow border on the elytral suture. Pronotum is slightly more elongated. The abdomen is yellowish, with a very convex last dorsal segment. The body of"
"Aphidecta obliterata Aphidecta obliterata (common name larch ladybird, or larch ladybug) is a species of Coccinellidae, a flying beetle. Varietas include: This species is present in Europe, European Russia, the Caucasus, Belarus, Ukraine, Transcaucasia, Asia Minor, North America, Newfoundland, Virginia and South Carolina. ""Aphidecta obliterata"" can reach approximately a size of . These tiny beetles have an elongate oval body, with strongly convex elytra, smooth, shiny and densely, finely punctured. Head shows a black arch-shaped marking. Antennae are club-shaped, with 9-11 segments. The ""larch ladybirds"" are beetles with a great variability in color and markings, with several varietas. For example"
"Neumichtis nigerrima Neumichtis nigerrima (the black noctuid) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is known from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The wingspan is about 40 mm. The forewings vary from dark brown to black. On the paler specimens, a pattern of light and dark brown may be discernible. The hindwings are pale with wide black borders. Larvae have been recorded as feeding on ""Saccharum"", ""Solanum tuberosum"", ""Beta vulgaris"", ""Brassica rapa"", ""Trifolium"", ""Petrorhagia"" and ""Mentha"". Young larvae are green with pale stripes. In later instars, the stripes are"
"Macrodipteryx Macrodipteryx was a genus of African nightjars consisting of two species: the pennant-winged nightjar and the standard-winged nightjar. They inhabit subtropical woodlands and the males of both species acquire strikingly elongated primaries in the breeding season. However, the former genus is now considered to be a synonym of ""Caprimulgus"" Linnaeus, 1758. In the standard-winged nightjar the shaft of the second primary becomes much elongated, while in the pennant-winged nightjar the second primary grows to more than twice the body length. Both species have an insect-like call in the breeding season but are silent in the non-breeding season. The primaries"
"Liocoris tripustulatus Liocoris tripustulatus or the common nettle bug is a species of ""plant bugs"" belonging to the family Miridae, subfamily Mirinae. This species can be found in most of Europe. These plant bugs are generally found on low vegetation. Adults are normally 4 to 5 mm long, darker brown with cream-coloured to yellow highlights. The scutellum shows a heart shaped marking, while in the wings there are two spots. Across the body is present a more or less visible clear band. This species is quite variable in colour. In springs the basic colour is darker, while the cuneus is"
"a biological pest control since 1992, primarily to control ""Cacopsylla pyri"". It is capable of biting humans. Common flowerbug The common flowerbug, Anthocoris nemorum, is a common minute pirate or flower bug. It is a predatory insect, feeding on small insects including greenflys and red spider mites. It is typically 3–4 mm in length, with reflective forewings and black pronotum. The legs are mostly orange-brown. It more commonly inhabits lower vegetation than trees, and especially nettles in the later half of the growing season. ""A. nemorum"" lays its eggs inside plant leaves. The common flowerbug is found across Europe and"
"of insects. The French entomologist Franck Hérard in 1986 listed it as eating twelve species of insect and five species of mite. In Europe it is considered to be one of the most important control agents of ""Cacopsylla pyricola"" and ""Psylla pyri"" and has a density-dependent relationship with the former. Anthocoris nemoralis Anthocoris nemoralis is a true bug in the family Anthocoridae. The species is found in Europe and has spread to North America. It is a predator of aphids, spider mites and jumping plant lice, and is used as a biological pest control agent. The adult of this species"
"Caprimulgus Caprimulgus is a large and very widespread genus of nightjars, medium-sized nocturnal birds with long pointed wings, short legs and short bills. ""Caprimulgus"" is derived from the Latin ""capra"", ""nanny goat"", and ""mulgere"", ""to milk"", referring to an old myth that nightjars suck milk from goats. The common name ""nightjar"", first recorded in 1630, refers to the nocturnal habits of the bird, the second part of the name deriving from the distinctive churring song. ""Caprimulgus"" nightjars are found around the world, and like other nightjars they usually nest on the ground. They are mostly active in the late evening"
"Larvae are polyphagous on low plants, mainly feeding on bilberry (""Vaccinium myrtillus""), heath bedstraw (""Galium saxatile""), ""Knautia"" and ""Lamium"". Eriopygodes imbecilla Eriopygodes imbecilla, common name the Silurian, is a moth of the Noctuidae family. This species is present in most of Europe. This species commonly lives on gullies and hollows in high moorland areas with host plants. The wingspan is 24–27 mm. The color of these small moths may vary from tawny to reddish brown. Forewings usually show a pale kidney mark and two wavy cross lines, but often these markings are quite indistinct. Usually females are darker or chocolate"
"Eryniopsis lampyridarum Eryniopsis lampyridarum is an entomopathogenic fungus and its host is the soldier beetle, either ""Chauliognathus marginatus"" or ""Chauliognathus pensylvanicus."" ""Eryniopsis lampyridarum"" is mind controlling for the soldier beetle and can manipulate the beetle into doing things that it wouldn't normally do. Once the fungus has established itself inside the beetle, it sends the infected beetle on a mission to find a specific daisy flower ""Asteraceae"". The soldier beetle will clamp its mouthpiece onto the flower as tight as it can, while it awaits its death. The parasitic fungus forces the dead beetle to then spread its wings wide"
"Lactifluus Lactifluus is one of three genera of mushroom-forming fungi containing species commonly named ""milk-caps"", the others being ""Lactarius"" and ""Multifurca"". It has been separated from ""Lactarius"" based on molecular phylogenetic evidence but is very similar to that genus. There are roughly 150 known ""Lactifluus"" species, which have a mainly tropical distribution but are also found in the north temperate zone and Australasia. Some of them are edible mushrooms. The genus ""Lactifluus"" was described in 1806 by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel, with the type species ""Lactifluus piperatus"". Later, ""Lactifluus"" was largely considered a synonym of ""Lactarius"", until"