"the 'rock' as being a reference either to Christ or to Peter's faith, not Peter himself. They understand Jesus' remark to have been his affirmation of Peter's testimony that Jesus was the Son of God. Another rebuttal of the Catholic position is that if ""Peter"" really means ""the Rock"" which makes him the chief of Apostles, it would contradict Bible's teaching in which says that the church's foundation is the apostles and prophets, not Peter alone. They posit that the meaning of is that Jesus uses a play on words with Peter's name to say that the confession he had"
"Saint Peter Saint Peter (Syriac/Aramaic: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, ""Shemayon Keppa""; ; ; ; ; r. AD 30; died between AD 64 and 68), also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon (, ), according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Great Church. Pope Gregory I called him repeatedly the ""Prince of the Apostles"". According to Catholic teaching, Jesus promised Peter in the ""Rock of My Church"" dialogue in Matthew a special position in the Church. He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Romeor popeand also by Eastern"
"the Church. Moreover, Peter is always named first in all listings of the Apostles; Judas is invariably mentioned last. In Peter is described as the ""first Apostle"". It is important to note that Peter was neither the first Apostle in age nor election; therefore, Peter must be the first Apostle in the sense of authority, if you ignore the possibility of him being first in the sense of first in the list of Twelve Apostles. According to , St. Peter was the leader of the early Christian church in Jerusalem. Jesus also instructed St. Peter to strengthen his brethren, i.e.,"
"known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from Galilee, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the Christian Church. The name Peter is ""Petrus"" in Latin and ""Petros"" in Greek, deriving from """"petra"""" which means ""stone"" or ""rock"" in Greek, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic ""Kepa"", the name given to Simon by Jesus. (, and see ) Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, traveled to Rome and met his martyrdom there along with Paul on 13 October, 64 AD during the reign of the"
"Peter. He was the leader of the apostles, and though he died as a martyr in Rome, he is not associated with his martyrdom on the icon. He holds the Keys of Heaven in his hands. Paul's icon continues the Apostles tier on the right side. He was not one of the twelve disciples of Jesus; Paul, a Roman citizen, was arrested in Jerusalem because he was accused of preaching against the Jewish law and traditions. However, as a Roman citizen by birth, he exercised his right to appeal to Caesar. He was brought to Rome, and after six years'"
"stretch out your hands, and someone else will fasten a belt around you and take you where you do not wish to go.” He said this to indicate the kind of death by which he would glorify God. After this he said to him, “Follow me.” As we know by tradition, the apostle Peter was in charge of the rest of the eleven apostles since the beginning even before when Jesus told him, “And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.” Matthew"
". says Jesus called Simon ""Cephas"", as Paul calls him in some letters. He was instructed by Christ to strengthen his brethren, i.e., the apostles. Peter also had a leadership role in the early Christian church at Jerusalem according to The Acts of the Apostles chapters 1–2, 10–11, and 15. Early Catholic Latin and Greek writers (such as St. John Chrysostom) considered the ""foundation rock"" as applying to both Peter personally and his confession of faith (or the faith of his confession) symbolically, as well as seeing Christ's promise to apply more generally to his twelve apostles and the Church"
"Matthew 16:18 in this respect. Primacy of Peter The primacy of Peter, also known as Petrine primacy (from Latin: ""Petrus"", ""Peter""), is the position of preeminence that is attributed to Saint Peter among the Twelve Apostles. It is to be distinguished from the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, also known as papal primacy or Roman primacy, whose link with the primacy of Peter is disputed. The ""Evangelical Dictionary of Theology"" illustrates the leading role that Peter played among the Apostles, speaking up on matters that concern them all, being called by Jesus by a name linking him with the"
"and Jesus reconfirmed Peter's position. The Church of the Primacy of St. Peter on the Sea of Galilee is seen as the traditional site where Jesus Christ appeared to his disciples after his resurrection and, according to Catholic tradition, established Peter's supreme jurisdiction over the Christian church. Peter is always listed first among the Twelve Apostles in the gospels and in the Book of Acts (Acts 1:13). He is also frequently mentioned in the gospels as forming with James the Elder and John a special group within the Twelve Apostles, present at incidents at which the others were not present,"
"Peter three commands: ""Feed my lambs"" / ""Take care of my sheep"" / ""Feed my sheep"". Jesus is re-commissioning Peter as an apostle and leader in the church. ""Sheep"" is a common metaphor in the New Testament to refer to the people of God. This is the origin of the word ""pastor"", which means ""shepherd"". The 1913 ""Catholic Encyclopedia"" argues that the title ""Vicar of Christ"", given to the Pope, is founded on these words of Jesus, ""by which He constituted the Prince of the Apostles guardian of His entire flock in His own place, thus making him His Vicar"
"their head. Thus, is derived another title by which the pope is known, that of ""Supreme Pontiff"". The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus personally appointed Peter as leader of the Church, and the Catholic Church's dogmatic constitution ""Lumen gentium"" makes a clear distinction between apostles and bishops, presenting the latter as the successors of the former, with the pope as successor of Peter, in that he is head of the bishops as Peter was head of the apostles. Some historians argue against the notion that Peter was the first bishop of Rome, noting that the episcopal see in Rome can"
"Church also continue to believe in and make use of all of the spiritual gifts. Apostle: The title apostle comes from the Greek word ""apostolos"" which means ""a messenger, one sent forth with orders"". It refers to one who has been delegated authority by another in a foreign land. Apostles were the first leaders of the Church; they were commissioned by Jesus to initiate and direct the preaching of the gospel. While many Christians agree that the title of apostle is reserved for those among the first generation of Christians, many Christian denominations continue in one way or another to"
"such as at the Transfiguration of Jesus, at the raising of Jairus' daughter and at the agony in the Garden of Gethsemane. Peter often confesses his faith in Jesus as the Messiah. Peter is often depicted in the gospels as spokesman of all the Apostles. Catholics refer to him as chief of the Apostles, as do the Eastern Orthodox and the Oriental Orthodox. In Coptic Orthodox Church liturgy, he is once referred to as ""prominent"" or ""head"" among the Apostles, a title shared with Paul in the text (""The Fraction of Fast and Feast of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
"Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simōn, according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Church. . Glynn House, named after Reverend Father Glynn, is on the ground floor of the same building that houses St. Peter's. St. Joseph’s House, named after Saint Joseph, is on the first floor of the same building that houses St. John’s. St. John’s House, named after John the Evangelist, is on the ground floor of the same building that houses St. Joseph’s. Kelly House is named after Reverend Father Maurice Kelly, first Dean and Headmaster"
"usual in genre of the Church Orders, this texts purports to be the work of the Twelve Apostles, whose instructions, whether given by them as individuals or as a body. In antiquity this text was sometime mistakenly supposed to be gathered and handed down by the Clement of Rome. The names of the Apostles are so listed: John, Matthew, Peter, Andrew, Philip, Simon, James, Nathanael, Thomas, Cephas, Bartholomew and Judas. The presence of both Peter and Cephas, and the first place given to John, is found also in the more ancient Epistula Apostolorum. The content can be so summarized: Apostolic"
"as proof that Paul the Apostle, whose name is ascribed to fourteen epistles in the New Testament, encouraged female leaders in the Church. A number of more recent translations committed to complementarianism present both Andronicus and Junias as males. Most recent studies, however, are preoccupied with the ""gender"" of the name, and not so much with ""apostleship"". According to professor and pastor Gilbert Bilezikian, the term ""apostle"" connotes the highest level of leadership and authority in the early church. Initially, only the original disciples (meaning ""students"", ""learners"") of Jesus were called ""apostles"" (meaning ""those sent forth with a mission). After"
"of the Piscean. Moreover, the twelve apostles were called the ""fishers of men,"" early Christians called themselves ""little fishes,"" and a code word for Jesus was the Greek word for fish, ""Ikhthus."" With this, the start of the age, or the ""Great Month of Pisces"" is regarded as the beginning of the Christian religion. Saint Peter is recognized as the apostle of the Piscean sign. Pisces has been called the ""dying god,"" where its sign opposite in the night sky is Virgo, or, the Virgin Mary. When Jesus was asked by his disciples where the next Passover would be, he"
"as one of the acts of the apostles. The Letter is considered to be Petrine in nature because of Peter's position as the leader of the apostles. The addressee of the Letter, Saint Philip, is portrayed as submissive, answering to Saint Peter's authority. In early Christianity, there was a conflict between the traditions associated with Peter and Philip. This letter is supposed by some scholars to be a ""Petrine document designed to promote Peter's primacy in the early church."" In addition, this document attempts to claim true apostolic authority by connecting the teachings Jesus gives in this post-crucifixion appearance with"
"his work among Gentiles. According to an ancient Jewish tradition, Peter was sent by the rRabbis in order to move Christianity in it's own direction, to prevent it from being considered another branch of Judaism. Saint Peter and Judaism The relationship between Saint Peter and Judaism is thought to have been fairly positive. Paul the Apostle says that Peter had the special charge of being apostle to the Jews, just as he was apostle to the Gentiles. Another apostle, James, is regarded as the leader of the Jewish Christians. The incident at Antioch refers to a meeting between Paul the"
"the Apostles, a year after the Crucifixion of Jesus, Stephen was stoned for his alleged transgression of the faith, with Saul (who later converted and was renamed ""Paul"") looking on. In 41 AD, when Agrippa I, who already possessed the territory of Antipas and Phillip, obtained the title of ""King of the Jews"", in a sense re-forming the Kingdom of Herod, he was reportedly eager to endear himself to his Jewish subjects and continued the persecution in which James the Greater lost his life, Peter narrowly escaped and the rest of the apostles took flight. After Agrippa's death, the Roman"
"Apostles"". Another title used for Peter is ""Coryphaeus"", which could be translated as ""Choir-director"", or lead singer. The church recognizes Apostle Peter's leadership role in the early church, especially in the very early days at Jerusalem, but does not consider him to have had any ""princely"" role over his fellow Apostles. The New Testament is not seen by the Orthodox as supporting any extraordinary authority for Peter with regard to faith or morals. The Orthodox also hold that Peter did not act as leader at the Council of Jerusalem, but as merely one of a number who spoke. The final"
"Apostle Paul, as ""preeminent apostles"". Another title used for Peter is ""Coryphaeus"", which could be translated as ""Choir-director,"" or lead singer. Orthodox scholars follow St. John Chrysostom and the Byzantine tradition in seeing Peter as the icon of the episcopate with his title of protos (first) implying a certain level of authority over the other apostles. In this traditional Orthodox and Patristic view, the Church is the local Eucharistic assembly (""the diocese"" in today's terminology) and the one who holds the ""Chair of Peter"" (St. Cyprian's expression) is the bishop. As a result, the primacy of Peter is relevant to"
"was a man of great holiness, and much esteemed of by the saints, and had a good report of them that were without. Cephas is Simon Peter. This name was given him by Christ, () and in the Syriac language signifies a ""stone"", as Peter does in the Greek, to which our Lord alludes, () . John was the evangelist, and the same that wrote the epistles, was the beloved disciple, and who outlived all the rest: not as the Arabic version, ""who thought themselves such"", but were esteemed so by others, and very rightly. They were pillars among the"
"Jesus appointed them and sent them out in pairs on a specific mission which is detailed in the text. In Western Christianity, they are usually referred to as disciples, whereas in Eastern Christianity they are usually referred to as Apostles. Using the original Greek words, both titles are descriptive, as an ""apostle"" is one sent on a mission (the Greek uses the verb form: ""apesteilen"") whereas a ""disciple"" is a student, but the two traditions differ on the scope of the words ""apostle"" and ""disciple"". The Gospel of Matthew is anonymous: the author is not named within the text, and"
"Christian tradition as the first Patriarch of Antioch. The ancient Christian churches all venerate Peter as a major saint and as the founder of the Church of Antioch and the Roman Church, but differ in their attitudes regarding the authority of his present-day successors (the primacy of the Bishop of Rome). The New Testament indicates that Peter's father's name was John (or ""Jonah"" or ""Jona"") and was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis. His brother Andrew was also an apostle. According to New Testament accounts, Peter was one of twelve apostles chosen by Jesus"
"Apostle An apostle (), in its most literal sense, is an emissary, from Greek ἀπόστολος (""apóstolos""), literally ""one who is sent off"", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (""apostéllein""), ""to send off"". The purpose of such sending off is usually to convey a message, and thus ""messenger"" is a common alternative translation; other common translations include ""ambassador"" and ""envoy"". The term derives from the Greek of the New Testament and was used for Jesus's original Twelve Apostles (including Peter, James, and John), as well as a wider group of early Christian figures, including Paul and Barnabas. Some other religions use the term"
"Pentecost, the remaining apostles elected a twelfth apostle by casting lots, a traditional Israelite way to determine the will of God (see ). The lot fell upon Matthias. Paul the Apostle in his First Epistle to the Corinthians, appears to give the first historical reference to the twelve apostles: In his writings, Paul the Apostle, although not one of the original twelve, described himself as an ""apostle"", one ""born out of due time"" (e.g., , 1 Corinthians 15:8 and other letters). He was called by the resurrected Jesus himself during his Road to Damascus vision and given the name ""Paul""."
"Leader"" of the Church, which was called Israel according to the Spirit. Bishop Tomlinson taught, as ""The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)"" continues to teach, that James -rather than Peter- was the Anointed Leader of the first century church following the ascension of Christ. He based this concept on the fact that at the end of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts chapter 15), it was James who rendered the final verdict; noting that he only did so after hearing all sides of the argument from Peter, Paul and others. Under Theocratic Government, it is stated that according to Ephesians 4:11-13,"
"making them the first bishops. By conferring the fullness of the sacrament of Holy Orders on the apostles, they were given the authority to confer the sacrament of Holy Orders on others, thus consecrating more bishops in a direct lineage that can trace its origin back to the Twelve Apostles and Christ himself. This direct succession of bishops from the apostles to the present day bishops is referred to as apostolic succession. The Roman Catholic Church also holds that within the College of Apostles, Peter was picked out for the unique role of leadership and to serve as the source"
"Matthew the Apostle Matthew the Apostle ( ""Mattityahu"" or ""Matt"", ""متى"" Arabic ""Gift of YHVH""; ; ; also known as Saint Matthew and as Levi) was, according to the Christian Bible, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, according to Christian tradition, one of the four Evangelists. Among the early followers and apostles of Jesus, Matthew is mentioned in and as a publican who, while sitting at the ""receipt of custom"" in Capernaum, was called to follow Jesus. He is also listed among the twelve, but without identification of his background, in , and . In passages parallel to"
"is understood as a sign and guarantee that the Church, both local and universal, is in diachronic continuity with the apostles; a necessary but insufficient guarantor thereof. Papal primacy is different though related to apostolic succession as described here. The Catholic Church has traditionally claimed a unique leadership role for the Apostle Peter, believed to have been named by Jesus as head of the Apostles and as a focus of their unity, who became the first Bishop of Rome, and whose successors inherited the role and accordingly became the leaders of the worldwide Church as well. Even so, Catholicism acknowledges"
"also describes an apostle broadly as a messenger. The ""Louw-Nida Lexicon"" gives a very narrow definition of a special messenger, generally restricted to the immediate followers of Jesus, or extended to some others like Paul or other early Christians active in proclaiming the gospel. Before their sending away, the Twelve had been called disciples, or ""students"" (Latin ""discipulus""; Greek μαθητής ""mathētḗs""; Hebrew לִמּוּד ""limmûdh""; all meaning ""one who learns""). Jesus is stated in the Bible to have sent out the Twelve Apostles, ""whom he also named apostles"" (), first before his death ""to the lost sheep of Israel"" (), and"
"Latin equivalent of ""apostle"", i.e. """", the source of the English word ""missionary"". For example, Saint Patrick (AD 373–463) was the ""Apostle of Ireland"", Saint Boniface (680–755) was the ""Apostle to the Germans"", Saint José de Anchieta (1534–1597) was the ""Apostle of Brazil"" and Saint Peter of Betancur (1626–1667) was the ""Apostle of Guatemala"". While Christian tradition often refers to the apostles as being twelve in number, different gospel writers give different names for the same individual, and apostles mentioned in one gospel are not mentioned in others. The commissioning of the Twelve Apostles during the ministry of Jesus is"