"Nature morte (Metzinger) Nature morte (""Still Life""), or Compotier et cruche décorée de cerfs, is a Cubist painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger. It was exhibited at ""Exposició d'Art Cubista"", Galeries Dalmau, Barcelona, 20 April – 10 May 1912 (no. 44). During this show—the first exhibition of Cubism in Spain—Metzinger's painting became one of the preferred targets of the press. It was exhibited again 1 – 15 April 1917 at Nya Konstgalleriet (The New Art Gallery) founded by the Italian Futurist Arturo Ciacelli in Stockholm (reproduced in the catalogue). Nya Konstgalleriet was one of the three main galleries in"
"In Spanish art, a bodegón is a still life painting depicting pantry items, such as victuals, game, and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab, and also a painting with one or more figures, but significant still life elements, typically set in a kitchen or tavern. Starting in the Baroque period, such paintings became popular in Spain in the second quarter of the 17th century. The tradition of still life painting appears to have started and was far more popular in the contemporary Low Countries, today Belgium and Netherlands (then Flemish and Dutch artists), than it ever was in"
"Bodegón The term ""bodega"" in Spanish can mean ""pantry"", ""tavern"", or ""wine cellar"". The derivative term bodegón is an augmentative that refers to a large ""bodega"", usually in a derogatory fashion. In Spanish art, a ""bodegón"" is a still life painting depicting pantry items, such as victuals, game, and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab, and also a painting with one or more figures, but with significant still life elements, typically set in a kitchen or tavern. It also refers to low-life or everyday objects, which can be painted with flowers, fruits, or other objects to display the"
"and Spanish still lifes often had a moral vanitas element. Their austerity, akin to the bleakness of some of the Spanish plateaus, never copies the sensual pleasures, plenitude, and luxury of many Northern European still life paintings. The Velázquez paintings ""The Waterseller of Seville"", """", and ""The lunch"" are often described as ""bodegones"" due to the artist's depiction of jars and foodstuff. Some people reject this use of the term, calling them instead a mixture of genre painting in Bamboccianti style and still life. Bodegón The term ""bodega"" in Spanish can mean ""pantry"", ""tavern"", or ""wine cellar"". The derivative term"
"created the compositional innovation of placing detailed objects in cabinets, cupboards, and display cases, and producing simultaneous multiple views. In Spanish art, a bodegón is a still-life painting depicting pantry items, such as victuals, game, and drink, often arranged on a simple stone slab, and also a painting with one or more figures, but significant still-life elements, typically set in a kitchen or tavern. Starting in the Baroque period, such paintings became popular in Spain in the second quarter of the 17th century. The tradition of still-life painting appears to have started and was far more popular in the contemporary"
"art history rests exclusively on his still lifes, of which only a few are extant. Their severe naturalism has little in common with the artistic style then prevalent. Sánchez Cotán established the prototype of the Spanish still life, called a bodegón, composed mainly of vegetables. Characteristically, he depicts a few simple fruits or vegetables, some of which hang from a fine string at different levels while others sit on a ledge or window. The forms stand out with an almost geometric clarity against a dark background. This orchestration of still life in direct sunlight against impenetrable darkness is the hallmark"
"few objects of food and tableware laid on a table. Though now considered a Spanish invention, the classic trompe-l'œil presentation of fruit on a stone slab was common in ancient Rome. Still life painting in Baroque Spain was often austere; it differed from the Flemish Baroque still lifes, which often contain both rich banquets surrounded by ornate and luxurious items with fabric or glass. In bodegones, the game is often plain dead animals still waiting to be skinned. The fruits and vegetables are uncooked. The backgrounds are bleak or plain wood geometric blocks, often creating a surrealist air. Both Netherlandish"
"of ' as ""chase-""lounge"""" is a familiar example. The French word ', itself an adaptation of the Choctaw name for the bowfin, has likewise been Anglicized as ""shoepike"", although it is unrelated to the pikes. The French name for the Osage orange, """" ( ""bow-wood""), is sometimes rendered as ""bowdark"". A number of PSMs exist in Dutch as well. One notable example is ""hangmat"" (""hammock""), which is a modification of Spanish ""hamaca"", also the source of the English word. Natively, the word is transparently analysed as a ""hang-mat"", which aptly describes the object. Similarly: ""applies the concepts of multisourced neologisation"
"glass. The game in Spanish paintings is often plain dead animals still waiting to be skinned. The fruits and vegetables are uncooked. The backgrounds are bleak or plain wood geometric blocks, often creating a surrealist air. Even while both Dutch and Spanish still life often had an embedded moral purpose, the austerity, which some find akin to the bleakness of some of the Spanish plateaus, appears to reject the sensual pleasures, plenitude, and luxury of Dutch still-life paintings. Even though Italian still-life painting (in Italian referred to as ""natura morta"", ""dead nature"") was gaining in popularity, it remained historically less"
"to the original myth. One of the facets reveals the shape of a feather - a reference to the poet François Villon and his writings. Another facet, where the sculpture seems to be cut across from head to feet by a single line, reminds us of a blade or a sword on a pedestal. It is a reference to the harshness of life in medieval Europe. The combination of wooden structure and iron base refers to the contrast between this harshness and the sensitivity and tenderness of the verses of François Villon. In English translation this French term means foghorn."
"France along with maquis, which are known elsewhere in the Mediterranean region as matorral and ""tomillares"" in Spain, macchia in Italy, ""phrygana"" in Greece, ""garig"" in Croatia, and ""batha"" in Israel. In California a similar Mediterranean climate ecoregion is named chaparral; in Chile it is named the Chilean matorral; in South Africa it is named fynbos; and in Australia it is named mallee. All are in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. Both garigue and maquis are associated with the Mediterranean climate within the Mediterranean region. However, the distinction is not clear and term use is inconsistent. Maquis shrubland"
"in Portugal as Mato; and in Israel as Batha. Now the term is used more broadly to include similar bio-assemblages where ever they occur. In Portugal, the term ""mato"" or ""matagal"" is used to refer to the scrublands, or heaths, that formed on the Cambrian and Silurian schists in the north and central parts of Portugal. Mediterranean ""Matorral"" shrublands are often part of a mosaic landscape, interspersed with forests, woodlands, grassland, and scrublands. The term ""matorral"" followed Spanish colonization of the Americas, and is used to refer to both Mediterranean (climate) woodlands and scrub, and xeric shrublands ecosystems in Mexico,"
"American personnel usually referred to ""bocage"" as ""hedgerows"". The German army also used sunken lanes to implement strong points and defenses to stop the American troops on the Cotentin peninsula and around the town of Saint-Lô. Notes Sources Bocage Bocage ( ) is a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture characteristic of parts of France and England. ""Bocage"" may also refer to a small forest, a decorative element of leaves, or a type of rubble-work, comparable with the English use of ""rustic"" in relation to garden ornamentation. In the decorative arts, especially porcelain, it refers to a leafy screen spreading"
"problem as an invasive species. ""Prosopis juliflora"" has a wide range of vernacular names, although no widely used English one except for ""mesquite"", which is used for several species of ""Prosopis"". It is called ""bayahonda blanca"" in Spanish, ""bayarone Français"" in French, and ""bayawonn"" in Creole. Other similar names are also used, including ""bayahonde"", ""bayahonda"" and ""bayarone"", but these may also refer to any other Neotropical member of the genus ""Prosopis"". The tree is known by a range of other names in various parts of the world, including ""algarrobe"", ""cambrón"", ""cashaw"", ""épinard"", ""mesquite"", ""mostrenco"", or ""mathenge"". Many of the less-specific"
"Bosquet In the French formal garden, a bosquet (French, from Italian ""bosco"", ""grove, wood"") is a formal plantation of trees, at least five of identical species planted as a quincunx, or set in strict regularity as to rank and file, so that the trunks line up as one passes along either face. Symbolic of order in a humanized and tamed Gardens of the French Renaissance and Baroque ""Garden à la française"" landscape, the bosquet is an analogue of the orderly orchard, an amenity that has been intimately associated with pleasure gardening from the earliest Persian gardens of the Achaemenids. Bosquets"
"The fruits are also used to make fruit preserves. Perdrigon ☆The perdrigon, occasionally spelt ""perdigon"", is an old variety of culinary plum originating in the south of France. It is sometimes classified as a variety of ""Prunus domestica"" subsp. ""insititia"", like the British damson and German ""krieche"", though it has significant differences from both. It was once classed as ""Prunus pertigona"" or ""Prunus domestica pertigona"". The tree flowers in late March, bearing in late August or early September. Hogg noted that the perdrigon's blossom was very tender and susceptible to spring frosts, requiring the tree to be grown against a"
"Perdrigon ☆The perdrigon, occasionally spelt ""perdigon"", is an old variety of culinary plum originating in the south of France. It is sometimes classified as a variety of ""Prunus domestica"" subsp. ""insititia"", like the British damson and German ""krieche"", though it has significant differences from both. It was once classed as ""Prunus pertigona"" or ""Prunus domestica pertigona"". The tree flowers in late March, bearing in late August or early September. Hogg noted that the perdrigon's blossom was very tender and susceptible to spring frosts, requiring the tree to be grown against a south-east wall. The fruit is small and oval, with"
"plant (or just cheese plant), monster fruit, monsterio delicio, monstereo, Mexican breadfruit, windowleaf, balazo, Penglai banana and (inaccurately) split leaf philodendron. The names in Spanish (""costilla de Adán""), Portuguese (""costela-de-adão""), and French (""plante gruyère"") refer to the change of the leaves from entire to fenestrated (comparing it in the first two cases with the ribs of Adam and in the third with the hole-filled gruyère cheese). In Mexico, the plant is sometimes referred to as ""piñanona"". This member of the arum family Araceae is an epiphyte with aerial roots, able to grow up to in the wild high with large,"
"Spain, this particular subject matter was termed bodegón and depicted in an austere gloomy style (tenebrismo). Van der Hamen was considered as the greatest Spanish still life painter of the seventeenth century, when that form was revived as a worthy subject in and of itself rather than as an adjunct to a symbolic or narrative work. Van der Hamen's still lifes are painted in a style markedly Flemish but they reflect the strong influence of those painted at the beginning of the seventeenth century in Toledo by Juan Sánchez Cotán, in which fruits and vegetables are often shown suspended from"
"rolls, and more recently by electronic modules. The French call the barrel organ the ""Orgue de Barbarie"" (""Barbary organ""), while the Germans and Dutch say ""Drehorgel"" and ""draaiorgel"" (""turned organ""), instead of ""Drehleier"" (""turning lyre""). In Czech, the barrel organ is called ""Flašinet"". A person who plays the hurdy-gurdy is called a hurdy-gurdyist, or (particularly for players of French instruments) viellist. In France, a player is called un sonneur de vielle (literally: """"a sounder of vielle""""), un vielleux or un vielleur. Because of the prominence of the French tradition, many instrument and performance terms used in English are commonly taken"
"Spanish ""Bodegones,"" but he may also have been influenced by older painters: Adriaen Coorte Adriaen Coorte (ca. 1665 – after 1707) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes, who signed works between 1683 and 1707. He painted small and unpretentious still lifes in a style more typical of the first half of the century, and was ""one of the last practitioners of this intimate category"". Very little is known of his life, but he is assumed to have been born and died in Middelburg. He became a pupil of Melchior d'Hondecoeter around 1680 in Amsterdam. Hondecoeter is known"
"Matorral Matorral is a Spanish word, along with tomillares, for shrubland, thicket or bushes. It is used in naming and describing a Mediterranean climate ecosystem in Southern Europe. ""Matorral"" originally referred just to the Matorral shrublands and woodlands ecoregion of the global Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Biome in the Mediterranean climate regions of Spain and other Mediterranean basin countries. These scrub shrublands and woodlands are a plant community and a distinct habitat. Other common general names for this Mediterranean region shrubland habitat ecosystem are: in France as Maquis and Garrigue; in Italy as Macchia Mediterranea; in Greece as Phrygana;"
"others as recently as the 1960s. This two-layered unit was alternatively interpreted as an erosional pavement buried under tropical loess in the 1890s, a view re-adopted by others recently (1980s-2000s) for northern Argentina, Paraguay and southern Brazil. However, Morrás and colleagues (2009) have argued that stonelayers in these soils are basal components of biomantles]]. After World War II, the stonelayer was given new names, “carpedolith,” “chert-line,” “nappes de gravats,” “lit de cailloux d’epaisseur,” “concentration de quartz,” “linea de piedras,” “nodular layer,” “stiensohle,” “biogenic marker horizon,” “gravel horizon,” and “pedisediment,” among others. The common presence in them of human artifacts, precious-semiprecious"
"subtlety, nor are they delighted in hearing it, but in the presence of the educated and of those who are seeking out subtleties in the arts"". In the early 20th century, it was generally believed the name came from the Latin ""movere"", (""to move""), though a derivation from the French ""mot"" (""word"", or ""phrase""), had also been suggested. The Medieval Latin for ""motet"" is ""motectum"", and the Italian ""mottetto"" was also used. If the word is from Latin, the name describes the movement of the different voices against one another. Today, however, the French etymology is favoured by reference books,"
"Les Gandalgues La Fage, ( the Fagia, in the past, the Clara Fagia): clearing of beeches, in Latin fagus/fagea: beech. Bonance Rouveret, (Roveret): plantation of oaks; place planted of reopen (oaks): from Latin robur: reopen. Les Vergounhoux, (los Vergonhôs): the vergogneux ones (humble and modest shy persons) in Latin vergonha: timidity. Lespinasse (the espinassa): where there are thorn-bushes, in Latin spina: spine. Le Flourigués (florigués): flowered place, in Latin flor: flower. La Boulesq, (the bolesc): place or house belonging to ""Ball"" (Latin origin). Falguières, (will falguièras): ferns, in Latin filicaria: fern. Les Crouzets, (los crosets): the small hollows, come from"
"(""white mushroom"" as opposed to less valuable ""black mushrooms"") and ""borovik"" (from ""bor""—""pine forest""). The vernacular name ""cep"" is derived from the Catalan ""cep"" or its French name ""cèpe"", although the latter is a generic term applying to several related species. In France, it is more fully ""cèpe de Bordeaux"", derived from the Gascon ""cep"" ""trunk"" for its fat stalk, ultimately from the Latin ""cippus"" ""stake"". ""Ceppatello"", ""ceppatello buono"", ""ceppatello bianco"", ""giallo leonato"", ""ghezzo"", and ""moreccio"" are names from Italian dialects, and ""ciurenys"" or ""surenys"" is another term in Catalan. The French-born King Charles XIV John popularised ""B. edulis"" in"
"The larvae are known in Spanish as gata peluda (hairy cat) or bicho quemador (burning bug). The adult is a dark-colored moth - which is where its name comes from - with the back of its abdomen covered by smooth golden hairs. It possesses a voracious appetite, attacking fruit bearing, ornamental and forest plants. It was declared a national plague in Argentina in 1911. There exists a range of chemical products aimed at controlling their development. The eggs are laid in overlapping layers of up to 900, protected by a yellow cocoon built by the female using her secretions and"
"a variety of synonyms including: Alcantino, Aleante, Batiolin, Bathiolin (in Albertville), Blaue Gansfuesser, Bonarda (in Argentina), Bourdon noir, Carbonneau, Charbonneau (in Jura), Charbono (in California), Corbeau (in the Ain and Isère departments as well as Jura), Cot Merille, Cot Rouge Merille, Cote Rouge, Dolcetto Grosso, Dolutz, Douce noire, Folle Noire d L'Ariege, Grenoblois, Korbo, Mauvais noir, Ocanette, Picot Rouge, Plant de Calarin, Plant de Montmelion, Plant de Savoie, Plant de Turin (in Jura), Plant noir (in the Haute-Savoie department), Turca (in the Trentino region of Italy), Turin (in Jura) and Turino. Douce noir Douce noir (also known as Bonarda, Corbeau"
"Escargot Escargots, , (French for snails) are a delicacy consisting of cooked edible land snails. They are often served as an hors d'oeuvre and consumed by the French people, as well as people from Portugal, Sardinia, and Spain. They are also a typical of the cuisines of Catalonia, Crete, and Greece, as well as such North African countries as Algeria and Morocco. The word ""escargot"" is also sometimes applied to living examples of those species which are commonly eaten in this way. In British English, the menu item is usually referred to simply as snails. The first recorded use in"
"""container for a drink"", ""infusion of an herb"", as well as ""gourd"". In English, """"mate"""" is occasionally written """"maté"""" to distinguish it from other meanings of the word mate. However, this spelling is incorrect in Spanish and Portuguese, as it would put the stress in the second syllable, while the word is pronounced with stress in the first. Indeed, the word ""maté"" in Spanish has a completely different meaning (""I killed""). Yerba mate, or ""Ilex paraguariensis"", begins as a shrub and then matures to a tree and can grow up to tall. The leaves are evergreen, long and wide, with"
"the escarpments are formed by compact limestone. The geology and climate of the Montgó has fostered more than 650 species of flora. The primitive Mediterranean oak, which once dominated the mountain before over-exploitation by man, is still present, as is Mount Atlas Pistachio, rosemary, white hellebore, rock lavender, marine juniper and cistus. In the higher more humid areas there are a number of endemic plants such as the ""Hippocrepis Valentina"" and the Valencian rock violet, as well as the blue Mediterranean fan palm (usually seen in the plains), the only palm species to grow wild in Europe. In addition, the"
"Pirogue A pirogue ( or ), also called a piragua or piraga, is any of various small boats, particularly dugouts and native canoes. The word is French and is derived from Spanish ' , which comes from the Carib '. Pirogue does not refer to a specific kind of boat, but is a generic term for small native boats in regions once colonized by France and Spain, particularly dugouts made from a single log. In French West Africa, pirogues refer to handcrafted banana-shaped boats used by traditional fishermen. In Madagascar, it also includes the more elaborate Austronesian ""lakana"" outrigger canoe."
"carnation, bulrush, common fern, sage-leaved rock rose, rushes, labiérnago (""Phillyrea angustifolia""), sea spurge, mastic, sedge, palm, pine, Scotch broom, rosemary, juniper, gorse, thyme, spurge and blackberries. The ecosystem of the mobile dunes, also known as transdunes, which are formed by the prevailing south-west wind, is almost nonexistent elsewhere in the Iberian Peninsula. The harshness of this ecosystem is evident in the adaptations made by some plant species to its special conditions: the dunes of sand and soil are inconsistent. The gradual burial of vegetation, especially of trees that emerge then die, killed by the slow movement of sand, is one"