"to protect the remains, and White Cliffs Experience. All this has been widely criticised by, among others, Philp himself, who has said: Dubris Dubris, also known as Portus Dubris and Dubrae, was a port in Roman Britain on the site of present-day Dover, Kent, England. As the closest point to continental Europe and the site of the estuary of the Dour, the site chosen for Dover was ideal for a cross-channel port. The Dour is now covered over for much of its course through the town. In the Roman era, it grew into an important military, mercantile and cross-channel harbour"
"site of the investiture of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. At its peak, Dubris was a major trading centre, taking over from Rutupiae as the main Roman cross-Channel port. With Rutupiae, it was one of the starting points for Watling Street, the Roman road to Canterbury and, ultimately, London. During the construction of the new A256/York Street bypass in the 1970s Roman remains were discovered and an eight-week excavation followed. The archaeologists discovered a Roman mansio now known as the ""Roman Painted House"". The mansio, a hostel for government officials, was built in c. 200. It was discovered"
"Welsh or Old English names, as their original Roman names have been entirely lost due to the lack of written and inscribed sources. (It was customary elsewhere to name roads after the emperor during whose principate they were completed, but the number and vicinity of routes completed during the time of Claudius would seem to have made this impractical in Britain's case.) The road from the Kentish ports of Rutupiae (Richborough), Dubris (Dover), and Lemanis (Lympne) via Durovernum (Canterbury) seems to have first crossed the Thames at a natural ford near Westminster before being diverted north to the new bridge"
"Portus Lemanis Portus Lemanis, also known as Lemanae, was the Latin name of an ancient Roman fort, settlement and port in southern Kent. The modern village of Lympne derives its name from the ancient port. The first documentary mention of the site is found in the late 3rd century Antonine Itinerary, where it is mentioned as lying 68,000 paces (68 Roman miles) from Londinium (London) and 16,000 paces from the cantonal capital Durovernum Cantiacorum (Canterbury). However, there is archaeological evidence of much earlier use as a naval base: tiles stamped ""CL BR"" have been found indicating that sailors or marines"
"named the city Comorão, due to the presence of lobsters and crabs on its shores. In 1614, Comorão was taken by ‘Abbās the Great from the Portuguese and renamed Bandar-e ‘Abbās (""Port of ‘Abbās""). Backed by the English navy, ‘Abbās developed the city (known to the English-speaking world as Gombraun) into a major port. By 1622, the Portuguese and English names had been officially combined to form Combrù or Combu, although the inhabitants still called it Bandar-e ‘Abbās. Sir Thomas Herbert said the official English name was Gumbrown, but pronounced [gŏmrōōn]. He wrote in 1630 that ""some (but I commend"
"Peterborough. Durobrivae (Water Newton) Durobrivae was a Roman fortified garrison town located at Water Newton in the English county of Cambridgeshire, where Ermine Street crossed the River Nene. More generally, it was in the territory of the Corieltauvi in a region of villas and commercial potteries. The name is a Latinisation of Celtic (or more accurately Brythonic) *""Durobrīwās"", meaning essentially ""fort (by the) bridges"". During the Iron Age Britain was divided into distinct tribal areas. The area lay between the Catuvellauni to the south and the Corieltauvi to the north, with the Iceni to the east. The origin of Durobrivae"
"Chester-le-Street Chester-le-Street () is a town in County Durham, England. Its history goes back to the building of a Roman fort called Concangis. This Roman fort is the ""Chester"" (from the Latin ""castra"") of the town's name; the ""Street"" refers to the paved Roman road that ran north–south through the town, and which is now called Front Street. Chester-le-Street is located south of Newcastle upon Tyne and west of Sunderland on the River Wear. The parish church of St Mary and St Cuthbert is where the body of St Cuthbert remained for 112 years before being transferred to Durham Cathedral,"
"became the town the Romans named Durnovaria, a Brythonic name incorporating ""durn"", ""fist"", loosely interpreted as 'place with fist-sized pebbles'. It appears to have taken part of its name from the local Durotriges tribe who inhabited the area. Durnovaria was recorded in the 4th-century Antonine Itinerary and became a market centre for the surrounding countryside, an important road junction and staging post, and subsequently one of the twin capitals of the Celtic Durotriges tribe. The remains of the Roman walls that surrounded the town can still be seen. The majority have been replaced by pathways that form a square inside"
"Durobrivae (Water Newton) Durobrivae was a Roman fortified garrison town located at Water Newton in the English county of Cambridgeshire, where Ermine Street crossed the River Nene. More generally, it was in the territory of the Corieltauvi in a region of villas and commercial potteries. The name is a Latinisation of Celtic (or more accurately Brythonic) *""Durobrīwās"", meaning essentially ""fort (by the) bridges"". During the Iron Age Britain was divided into distinct tribal areas. The area lay between the Catuvellauni to the south and the Corieltauvi to the north, with the Iceni to the east. The origin of Durobrivae is"
"under the control of Kent County Council and is still part of the ceremonial county of Kent, under the latest Lieutenancies Act. The Romano-British name for Rochester was Durobrivae, later Durobrivis c. 730 and Dorobrevis in 844. The two commonly cited origins of this name are that it either came from ""stronghold by the bridge(s)"" or is the latinisation of the British word ""Dourbruf"" meaning ""swiftstream"". Durobrivis was pronounced 'Robrivis. In later times, the word ""cæster"" (=castle, from Latin ""castrum"") was added to the name and the city was called ""Robrivis Cæster"". Bede mentions the city in ca. 730 and"
"Portus Adurni Portus Adurni was a Roman fortress in the Roman province of Britannia situated at the north end of Portsmouth Harbour. Listed in the Notitia Dignitatum, it is generally accepted as having been located at adjoining Portchester in the English county of Hampshire and was later converted into a medieval castle known as Portchester Castle. It is the best preserved Roman fort north of the Alps. The name ""Portus Adurni"" appears only in the list of Saxon Shore forts in the 5th century ""Notitia Dignitatum"", and the name is usually identified with Portchester, although it has occasionally been identified"
"Port Way Port Way or the Portway was a Roman road in Britain. It is sometimes taken to be the entire major route between Roman Londinium (present-day London) and Durnovaria (present-day Dorchester), although it more precisely refers to the section of that route between Calleva of the Atrebates (present-day Silchester) and Sorviodunum (the abandoned site of Old Sarum). (The portion between Calleva and Londinium going by the name ""Devil's Highway"".) Port Way runs northeast to southwest and covers a distance of from Calleva to Soviodunum, in present-day Hampshire and Wiltshire. At East Anton, just outside Andover, it crossed the Roman"
"the ditch centres. Port Way Port Way or the Portway was a Roman road in Britain. It is sometimes taken to be the entire major route between Roman Londinium (present-day London) and Durnovaria (present-day Dorchester), although it more precisely refers to the section of that route between Calleva of the Atrebates (present-day Silchester) and Sorviodunum (the abandoned site of Old Sarum). (The portion between Calleva and Londinium going by the name ""Devil's Highway"".) Port Way runs northeast to southwest and covers a distance of from Calleva to Soviodunum, in present-day Hampshire and Wiltshire. At East Anton, just outside Andover, it"
"now located. Eburobrittium Eburobrittium was a Roman town in Lusitania, located near the present town of Óbidos, Portugal. The city was mentioned by Pliny the Elder as located between Collipo and Olisipo. The exact location was only determined by the discovery of archeological finds in the late 20th century. The city was located at the edge of a lagoon that, at Roman times, provided access to the ocean. Eburobrittium was occupied from the 1st century BC to the second half of the 5th century AD. At that time it was abandoned in favour of the more defensible hill where Óbidos"
"""Durovernum Cantiacorum"" (""Kentish Durovernum"") occupied the location of an earlier British town whose ancient British name has been reconstructed as *""Durou̯ernon"" (""stronghold by the alder grove""), although the name is sometimes supposed to have derived from various British names for the Stour. (Medieval variants of the Roman name include ""Dorobernia"" and ""Dorovernia"".) In Sub-Roman Britain, it was known in Old Welsh as ""Cair Ceint"" (""stronghold of Kent""). Occupied by the Jutes, it became known in Old English as ""Cantwareburh"" (""stronghold of the Kentish men""), which developed into the present name. The Canterbury area has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Lower"
"in the place called Arzew by the French colonists. Portus Magnus, Algeria Portus Magnus was a Roman port in western Mauretania Caesariensis. It was located near Roman Portus Divinus and actual Oran (Algeria). ""Portus Magnus, spatio appellatus, civium Romanorum oppidum. (the locality is called ""Portus Magnus"", a city of Roman citizens). Plinius"" Portus Magnus (Great Harbour) was even named ""Arsenaria"" under the Roman Empire (the name is the one that can be seen in its former coat of arms). It has several Roman remains, mosaics, and artworks, which were deplaced to the museum of nearby Oran. During Roman times, the"
"was also inhabited during the Roman period, when Dover was used as a port. A lighthouse survives from this era, one of a pair at Dover which helped shipping navigate the port. It is likely the area around the surviving lighthouse was inhabited in the early medieval period as archaeologists have found a Saxon cemetery here, and the church of St Mary in Castro was built next to the lighthouse in the 10th or 11th century. It is thought that the Old English name for Britain, Albion, was derived from the latin ""albus"" (meaning 'white') as an allusion to the"
"Eburobrittium Eburobrittium was a Roman town in Lusitania, located near the present town of Óbidos, Portugal. The city was mentioned by Pliny the Elder as located between Collipo and Olisipo. The exact location was only determined by the discovery of archeological finds in the late 20th century. The city was located at the edge of a lagoon that, at Roman times, provided access to the ocean. Eburobrittium was occupied from the 1st century BC to the second half of the 5th century AD. At that time it was abandoned in favour of the more defensible hill where Óbidos Castle is"
"Portus Hanibalis – known today as Portimão – c. 550 BC. Much of the Iberian Peninsula was absorbed into the Roman Republic in the second century BC (despite the resistance of the Lusitanians and other tribes), and the Algarve region similarly came under Roman control. Many Roman ruins can still be seen, notably in Lagos, but also at Milreu. Roman bath complexes and fish-salting tanks have been found near the shore in several locations, for example the ones near Vilamoura and Praia da Luz. In the fifth century, the Visigoths took control of the Algarve until the beginning of the"
"of abandonment and longer periods of neglect, the fort was occupied for almost sixteen centuries. The site is owned by the Southwick Estate but managed by English Heritage and is open to visitors throughout the year. Portus Adurni Portus Adurni was a Roman fortress in the Roman province of Britannia situated at the north end of Portsmouth Harbour. Listed in the Notitia Dignitatum, it is generally accepted as having been located at adjoining Portchester in the English county of Hampshire and was later converted into a medieval castle known as Portchester Castle. It is the best preserved Roman fort north"
"work has uncovered one of only three surviving forts occupied by the fleet's marines at Dubris (Dover), suggesting this was in fact a major base of the Classis. It may even have been its primary base, though one of the other surviving fleet forts, at Boulogne-sur-Mer, is far larger and thus said by some to be a more likely contender than Dover for that role. Portus Adurni (which was later adapted and known as Portchester Castle) at the north of Portsmouth harbour is another contender and believed to have been at the very least a major base for the fleet."
"Drumburgh Drumburgh is a small settlement in Cumbria, England. It is northwest of the city of Carlisle and is on the course of Hadrian's Wall, near to Burgh by Sands. The village is sited on a gentle hill with a good view in all directions over the surrounding lowlands. The name means 'ridge near the fort' as derived from the Celtic language and the common Old English word 'burgh', pronounced as 'bruff' in this instance. Coggabata is the Roman fort referred to in the placename, which was linked by a Roman road to the nearby fort at Kirkbride to the"
"mercenaries were used to defend the town but they revolted and, by the time of the Battle of Aylesford in the mid-5th century, the Jutes had taken over the area. The British and Latin name survived as the medieval Latin placenames Dorobernia and Dorovernia, but it also became known in Old Welsh as Cair Ceint (""Fortress of Kent"") and in Old English as Cantwareburh (""Kentish Stronghold""), which developed into the modern ""Canterbury"". The Canterbury Roman Museum houses Roman artifacts from across the town, as well as an in situ Roman town house and its mosaics. Durovernum Cantiacorum Durovernum Cantiacorum was"
"Dometiopolis Dometiopolis was a city in the Roman province of Isauria in Asia Minor. Its ruins are found in the village of Katranlı, formerly Dindebul. The city, whose previous name is unknown, was named Dometiopolis (Greek: Δομετιούπολις) after Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 16 BC). According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus it was one of the ten cities of the Isaurian Decapolis. Dometiopolis became an episcopal see and is now a titular see of the Catholic Church. The see figures in Gustav Parthey's ""Notitiæ episcopatuum"", I and III, and in Heinrich Gelzer's ""Nova Tactica"", 1618, as a suffragan of Seleucia. Lequien (""Oriens Christianus"""
"root of the Ottoman Turkish name ""Dıraç"". In English usage, the Italian form ""Durazzo"" used to be widespread, but the local Albanian name ""Durrës"" has gradually replaced it in recent decades. Though surviving remains are minimal, as one of the oldest cities in Albania, the city was founded as ""Epidamnos"" in the ancient region of Illyria in 627 BC by ancient Greek colonists from Corinth and Corcyra, modern-day Corfu. The Romans replaced the rule of Teuta with that of Demetrius of Pharos, one of her generals. He lost his kingdom, including Epidamnus, to the Romans in 219 BC at the"
"silting of the Diglis Basin caused the abandonment of Sidbury. Industrial production ceased and the settlement contracted to a defended position along the lines of the old British fort at the river terrace's southern end. This settlement is generally identified with the listed among the 28 cities of Britain in the ""History of the Britons"" attributed to Nennius. This is probably not a British name but an adaption of its Old English name , ""fort of the Weorgoran"". Worcester appears to have ceased to be an urban centre at the end of the Roman period. Instead, there appears to have"
"by archaeologists, but much of the land has been disturbed by the succeeding two millennia of continuous occupation. Alternatively, ""Durobrivae"" may refer to a small fort set up by Aulus Plautius, the general in charge of the first phase of the Roman conquest of Britain; it was not needed for long, as Kent was soon settled. More fundamentally, there was no bridge in AD 43. The Romans did eventually bridge the river: see the article Rochester Bridge. The Roman pioneers may even have initially built a pontoon bridge to supply the advancing army, replacing it with this permanent structure later."
"History of Rochester, Kent Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about from London. The town's location is due to the bridge which carries the Roman Watling Street (now the A2) over the river. The source of the Romano-British name for Rochester, Durobrivae, has been a matter of some debate. The name ""Durobrivae"" can be translated as ""stronghold"" or ""fort"" by the ""bridge"" or ""bridges"". This could have been the ""oppidum"" (see pre-Roman history, below) or a pre-Roman fort. No such fort has been discovered"
"Roman invasion in 43 AD, the Dumnonii - possibly meaning 'Deep Valley Dwellers' (Cornish: ""Dewnans"", Welsh: ""Dyfnaint"", Breton: ""Devnent"") or 'Worshippers of the god Dumnonos'. This tribal name carried on into the Roman and post-Roman periods. The Dumnonii did not mint coins, unlike their neighbours to the east the Durotriges, but coins of the Dobunni have been found in the area. Early trading ports are known to have existed at Mount Batten (Plymouth) and at Bantham where ancient tin ingots were found in 1991-92 according with classical reports of tin trading with the Mediterranean Aillen Fox, 1996. Devon was not"
"Nauportus Nauportus ""(Navport, Navportus)"", was an ancient Roman town in Pannonia Superior (later 10th Italian region) on the road from Aquileia to Emona with a port at the Nauportus river, now the Ljubljanica River. According to historian Pliny the Elder, the name was derived from the legendary landing of the Argonauts at the river, where they are said to have founded the town. Tacitus reports that in year 14 the town was plundered by mutinous Roman forces that has been sent to build roads and bridges. Remains of Nauportus were found in present-day Vrhnika in central Slovenia. A Late Roman"
"The alternative explanation notes that ""Durobrivae"" was also recorded as ""Durobrovum"" and ""Durobrivis"". Either of these could be a Latinisation of the British word ""Dourbruf"" meaning ""swift stream"". The name is recorded as ""Durobrivis"" in around 730 and ""Dorobrevis"" in 844. The first of these was pronounced as ""Robrivis"". Bede copied down the name, c730, mistaking its meaning as ""Hrofi's fortified camp"" (OE ""Hrofes cæster""). From this comes c730 ""Hrofæscæstre"", 811 ""Hrofescester"", 1086 ""Rovescester', 1610 ""Rochester"". From Bede's time the name contained the Latin word ""castra"", which is present in the names of many cities that were once Roman camps"
"Portus Magnus, Algeria Portus Magnus was a Roman port in western Mauretania Caesariensis. It was located near Roman Portus Divinus and actual Oran (Algeria). ""Portus Magnus, spatio appellatus, civium Romanorum oppidum. (the locality is called ""Portus Magnus"", a city of Roman citizens). Plinius"" Portus Magnus (Great Harbour) was even named ""Arsenaria"" under the Roman Empire (the name is the one that can be seen in its former coat of arms). It has several Roman remains, mosaics, and artworks, which were deplaced to the museum of nearby Oran. During Roman times, the main exports from the area used to be grain"
"as it was called, was one of the three ports used for trade and the movement of the army; the other two being ‘’Lemanis’’ Lympne and ‘’Rutupiae’’ Richborough. All three connected to Watling Street at Canterbury. In due course the longshore drift along the coast silted up the latter two ports, and also the mouth of the River Dour, Kent on which Dover stands. The Romans, for whom the port was a base for their navy, the ‘’Classis Britannica’’, constructed breakwaters against the sea‘s depredations, and added two lighthouses on the heights either side of the estuary. It is possible"