"Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" is one of the most recognizable and famous works of art in the world, and also one of the most replicated and reinterpreted. ""Mona Lisa"" replicas were already being painted during Leonardo's lifetime by his own students and contemporaries. Some are claimed to be the work of Leonardo himself, and remain disputed by scholars. Prominent 20th-century artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Salvador Dalí have also produced derivative works, manipulating ""Mona Lisa""'s image to suit their own aesthetic. Replicating Renaissance masterpieces continues to be a way for aspiring artists to"
"than the ""Mona Lisa"". Beginning possibly with a naked portrait of Diane de Poitiers by Clouet, the pose and expression have been freely adapted to many female portraits. The avant-garde art world has made note of the undeniable fact of the ""Mona Lisa's"" popularity. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. Already in 1883, ""Le rire,"" an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the ""Incoherents"" show in Paris. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created ""L.H.O.O.Q."", a ""Mona Lisa"""
"the Broken Arm"", followed soon after. His ""Fountain"", a urinal signed with the pseudonym ""R. Mutt"", shocked the art world in 1917. ""Fountain"" was selected in 2004 as ""the most influential artwork of the 20th century"" by 500 renowned artists and historians. In 1919, Duchamp made a parody of the ""Mona Lisa"" by adorning a cheap reproduction of the painting with a mustache and goatee. To this he added the inscription ""L.H.O.O.Q."", a phonetic game which, when read out loud in French quickly sounds like """"Elle a chaud au cul"""". This can be translated as ""She has a hot ass,"""
"on the iconic ""Mona Lisa"" and traditional art, a stroke of ""épater le bourgeois"" promoting the Dadaist ideals. According to one commentator: The creation of ""L.H.O.O.Q."" profoundly transformed the perception of"" La Joconde"" (what the French call the painting, in contrast with the Americans and Germans, who call it the ""Mona Lisa""). In 1919 the cult of ""Jocondisme"" was practically a secular religion of the French bourgeoisie and an important part of their self image as patrons of the arts. They regarded the painting with reverence, and Duchamp's salacious comment and defacement was a major stroke of ""epater le bourgeois"""
"1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art connoisseur. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The painting is claimed by a majority of experts to be mostly an original work of Leonardo dating from the early 16th century. Other experts, including Zöllner and Kemp, deny the attribution. Notes Bibliography Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as ""the best"
"represented in the original ""Mona Lisa"". Joos van Cleve, a Flemish artist active in the years following ""Mona Lisa""'s creation, also painted a nude titled ""Mona Vanna"". Though the figure portrayed in van Cleve's painting bears no resemblance to Leonardo's ""Mona Lisa"", the artist was known to mimic themes and techniques of Leonardo da Vinci, in this case the positioning of the figure and the delicate brushwork reminiscent of Leonardo's sfumato. The artwork, dating to the mid-16th century, is in the collection of the National Gallery, Prague. By the 20th century, ""Mona Lisa"" had already been a victim of satirical"
"Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa (; or La Gioconda , ) is a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as ""the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world"". The ""Mona Lisa"" is also one of the most valuable paintings in the world. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at $100 million in 1962, which is worth nearly $800 million in 2017. The painting is thought to be a"
"collection at Paris' Louvre museum since 1797. It is also known as ""La Joconde"" in French and ""La Gioconda"" in Italian, and has been known by other names in the past. There is a new study setting the beginning of the Mona Lisa to an earlier date that thought before, pre-1478, contrary to Vasari's narrative. Replicas of ""Mona Lisa"" date back to the 16th century, including sculptures and etchings inspired by the painting. But even by the start of the 20th century, historian Donald Sassoon has stated, ""Mona Lisa"" was still ""just a well-respected painting by a famous old master,"
"to charm, but to be true; my art is to say all."" Gaillard was decorated in 1876, became officer of the ""Légion d'honneur"" in 1886, and President of the ""Société des Graveurs au Burin"" in 1886. Just before his death the government ordered him to engrave Leonardo da Vinci's ""Last Supper"" and ""Mona Lisa"". Claude Ferdinand Gaillard Claude Ferdinand Gaillard (7 January 1834 – 19 January 1887) was a French engraver and painter, who had been born and died in Paris. His early studies were probably with James Hopwood and Lecouturier; but his chief master was Leon Cogniet, with whom"
"prominent 20th century painter Henri Matisse, Sophie's great-grandfather. Henri Matisse died in 1954, aged 85, eleven years before Sophie's birth. Family members expressed concern as to Sophie's use of the ""Matisse"" name, and in her youth she was discouraged from admitting to be a descendent of her famous great-grandfather. Only by incidentally noticing her family name on museum walls did Sophie come to consider that her great-grandfather may have been someone ""exceptional."" Sophie Matisse's step-grandfather was the artist Marcel Duchamp, who famously reinterpreted Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" in his ""L.H.O.O.Q."" by adding a mustache. Duchamp married Sophie's grandmother Alexina"
"of one of America's greatest heroes. His painting is a reference to Marcel Duchamp's 1919 painting ""L.H.O.O.Q."" In this work, Duchamp simply painted a mustache and beard onto a postcard reproduction of the ""Mona Lisa."" Walker went further. Walker's painting—probably his most famous and controversial work—caused a media stir. It was a satirical portrait of President Dwight D. Eisenhower in drag with a Mona Lisa smile. The big hit or most popular outrage, if you prefer—at this year's exhibit is a picture starkly titled, ""L.H. Double O.Q."" It has the smiling face of President Eisenhower in a Mona Lisa pose,"
"frame, a Renaissance-era work consistent with the historical period of the ""Mona Lisa"". The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed. The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the ""Mona Lisa"" was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. The work involved cleaning with spirits, touch-up of colour, and revarnishing the painting. In 1906, Louvre restorer"
"The ""premier salon de la petite galerie"" is of particular importance as it was in this room that Louis XIV kept the painting described by Piganiole de la Force as “Le Portrait de Vie, femme d’un Florentin nommé Giaconde,” better known in English as ""The Mona Lisa"" (Piganiole de la Force, 137). Louis XIV lavished much attention to these rooms intending to have the walls clad with panels inlaid with tortoise shell and lapis-lazuli. However, owing to the financial demands of the War of the League of Augsburg, the plans were abandoned. Nevertheless, the ""petite gallerie"" and its two salons"
"brownish and neutral colours. Both artists took apart objects and ""analyzed"" them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque's paintings at this time share many similarities. In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry and Gertrude Stein. In 1911, Picasso was arrested and questioned about the theft of the ""Mona Lisa"" from the Louvre. Suspicion for the crime had initially fallen upon Apollinaire due to his links to Géry Pieret, an artist with a history of thefts from the gallery. Apollinaire in turn"
"Mona Lisa (Prado's version) The copy of the ""Mona Lisa"" is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's famous ""Mona Lisa"" (which is held by the Louvre Museum, Paris). The copy painting has been displayed in the Museo del Prado in Madrid (Spain) since 1819, but was considered for decades a worthless copy. However, after its restoration in 2012, the Prado's ""Mona Lisa"" was claimed to be the earliest replica of Leonardo's masterpiece. Although there are dozens of surviving replicas of ""Mona Lisa"" from the 16th and 17th centuries, the ""Prado's Mona Lisa"" is said to be,"
"and wrote ""Moustache par Picabia / barbiche par Marcel Duchamp / avril 1942"". As was the case with a number of his readymades, Duchamp made multiple versions of ""L.H.O.O.Q."" of differing sizes and in different media throughout his career, one of which, an unmodified black and white reproduction of the ""Mona Lisa"" mounted on card, is called ""L.H.O.O.Q. Shaved"". The masculinized female introduces the theme of gender reversal, which was popular with Duchamp, who adopted his own female pseudonym, Rrose Sélavy, pronounced ""Eros, c'est la vie"" (""Eros, that's life""). Primary responses to ""L.H.O.O.Q."" interpreted its meaning as being an attack"
"numbers version of ""Mona Lisa"" accompanied artist Suzanne Lacy during her 1977 travelogue ""Travels with Mona"", documenting the painting process at landmark locations throughout Europe and Central America. From the 1980s through the end of the 20th Century, ""Mona Lisa"" continued to be the subject of re-interpretation among a new generation of emerging artists. Street artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring, who came into prominence in the 1980s, created ""Federal Reserve Note"" and ""Apocalipse 7"", respectively, juxtaposing ""Mona Lisa"" within compositions suiting their styles. Ballpoint art pioneer Lennie Mace created his ""Mona a'la Mace"" replica in 1993, a"
"deep seas, and keeps their fallen day about her."" By the early 20th century some critics started to feel the painting had become a repository for subjective exegeses and theories, and upon the painting's theft in 1911, Renaissance historian Bernard Berenson admitted that it had ""simply become an incubus, and I was glad to be rid of her."" The avant-garde art world has made note of the undeniable fact of the ""Mona Lisa""s popularity. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. Already in 1883, ""Le rire,"" an image of a Mona Lisa smoking"
"da Vincis masterpiece Mona Lisa has become part of our cultural memory and has inspired many artists of the 20th century to create their own works with the painting. George Pusenkoff also dealt with the Mona Lisa. In 1993 he painted his first work with an image of the Mona Lisa. It's title is ""said Duchamp"". Since then, he has repeatedly worked with the image of Mona Lisa, to an extent as no other artist before him:"" For Pusenkoff, the Mona Lisa has become his female alter ego, an iconic representation of his own artistic identity."" In 1995 George Pusenkoff"
"Yves Chaudron Yves Chaudron was a supposed French master art forger who is alleged to have copied images of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" as part of Eduardo de Valfierno's famous 1911 ""Mona Lisa"" painting theft. In reality he may be a fictional character created by Karl Decker for an article that ran in a 1932 issue of the ""Saturday Evening Post"", and passed off as a real person. There is also very little evidence that Valfierno actually existed, or if he did, that he was involved in the theft of the Mona Lisa at all. Valfierno's account was relayed"
"found that can be attributed to anyone named Chaudron. Yves Chaudron Yves Chaudron was a supposed French master art forger who is alleged to have copied images of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" as part of Eduardo de Valfierno's famous 1911 ""Mona Lisa"" painting theft. In reality he may be a fictional character created by Karl Decker for an article that ran in a 1932 issue of the ""Saturday Evening Post"", and passed off as a real person. There is also very little evidence that Valfierno actually existed, or if he did, that he was involved in the theft of"
"museum, and it was confirmed that the ""Mona Lisa"" was not with the photographers. The Louvre was closed for an entire week to aid in investigation of the theft. List of some of his works in French national museums: Louis Béroud Louis Béroud (January 17, 1852, Lyon-October 9, 1930, Paris) was a French painter of the late 19th, early 20th century. Some of his paintings are visible at the Musée Carnavalet and The Louvre in Paris. On August 22, 1911, Béroud came to The Louvre to sketch his painting """" but where the famous ""La Joconde"", by Leonardo da Vinci,"
"a moustache and beard in pencil and appended the title. The subject of the Mona Lisa treated satirically had already been explored in 1887 by (aka Sapeck) when he created ""Mona Lisa smoking a pipe"", published in ""Le Rire"". It is not clear, however, if Duchamp was familiar with Sapeck's work. The name of the piece, ""L.H.O.O.Q."", is a pun; the letters pronounced in French sound like """"Elle a chaud au cul"""", ""She is hot in the "", or ""She has a hot ass""; """"avoir chaud au cul"""" is a vulgar expression implying that a woman has sexual restlessness. In"
"the 1920s. Duchamp later used the name as the byline on written material and signed Rrose Sélavy on several works. The ambiguity of Duchamp in drag is not dissimilar to the image of the Mona Lisa with a goatee and mustache in Duchamp's ""L.H.O.O.Q."" (1919). Mona Lisa became a man, and Duchamp became a woman. The original label on the Rigaud bottle read ""Un air embaumé"" (meaning perfumed air, or embalmed air), ""Eau de Violette"" (or Violet Water). By swapping positions of the ""i"" and ""o"" Duchamp and Man Ray obtained ""Eau de Voilette"" (meaning Veil Water). ""Un air embaumé"""
"by Georges Braque and the Spanish painter Pablo Picasso, living in Paris. Other foreign artists also settled and worked in or near Paris, such as Vincent van Gogh, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and Wassily Kandinsky. Many museums in France are entirely or partly devoted to sculptures and painting works. A huge collection of old masterpieces created before or during the 18th century are displayed in the state-owned Musée du Louvre, such as Mona Lisa, also known as La Joconde. While the Louvre Palace has been for a long time a museum, the Musée d'Orsay was inaugurated in 1986 in the"
"the world, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks. Once part of King Francis I of France's collection, the ""Mona Lisa"" was among the first artworks to be exhibited in Louvre, which became a national museum after the French Revolution. From the 19th century Leonardo began to be revered as a genius and the painting's popularity grew from the mid-19th century when French intelligentsia developed a theme that it was mysterious and a representation of the femme fatale. The Baedeker guide in 1878 called it ""the most celebrated work of Leonardo in the"
"Cultural references to Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance painter and polymath who achieved legendary fame and iconic status within his own lifetime. His renown primarily rests upon his brilliant achievements as a painter, the ""Mona Lisa"" and the ""Last Supper"", being two of the most famous artworks ever created, but also upon his diverse skills as a scientist and inventor. He became so highly valued during his lifetime that the King of France bore him home like a trophy of war, supported him in his old age and,"
"are continued. During 2006, ""Mona Lisa"" underwent a major scientific observation that proved through infrared cameras she was originally wearing a bonnet and clutching her chair, something that da Vinci decided to change as an afterthought. One long-standing mystery of the painting is why ""Mona Lisa"" features very faint eyebrows and apparently does not have any eyelashes. In October 2007, Pascal Cotte, a French engineer and inventor, says he discovered with a high-definition camera that Leonardo da Vinci originally did paint eyebrows and eyelashes. Creating an ultra-high resolution close-up that magnified ""Mona Lisa""s face 24 times, Cotte says he found"
"T-shirts, her likeness has also been re-imagined using coffee, toast, seaweed, Rubik's Cubes, and computer chips, to name only a few. Now over five-hundred years since her creation, the perpetuation of ""Mona Lisa""'s influence is reinforced with every reinterpretation. At the start of the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci was commissioned by Florentine nobleman Francesco del Giocondo to paint a portrait of his wife, Lisa. The painting is believed to have been undertaken between 1503 and 1506. Leonardo's portrait of ""Mona Lisa"" (""Mona"" or ""Monna"" being the Italian honorific for ""Madame"") has been on display as part of the permanent"
"he stresses that the images never existed. Kemp is also adamant that Cotte’s images in no way establish the existence of a separate underlying portrait. On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. The theft was not discovered until the next day, when painter Louis Béroud walked into the museum and went to the Salon Carré where the ""Mona Lisa"" had been on display for five years, only to find four iron pegs on the wall. Béroud contacted the head of the guards, who thought the painting was being photographed for promotional purposes. A few hours later,"
"Pompidou in Paris and the Sandra Gehring Gallery in New York. ORLAN's goal in these surgeries is to acquire the ideal of female beauty as depicted by male artists. When the surgeries are complete, she will have the chin of Botticelli's Venus, the nose of Jean-Léon Gérôme's Psyche, the lips of François Boucher's Europa, the eyes of Diana (as depicted in a 16th-century French School of Fontainebleau painting), and the forehead of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. ORLAN picked these characters, ""not for the canons of beauty they represent... but rather on account of the stories associated with them."" ORLAN"
"to cups of black coffee. The final product, measuring 20 by 13 feet, was dubbed the """"Mocha"" Lisa."" Maurice ""Toastman"" Bennet, known for recreating masterpieces using toasted bread, parodied ""Mona Lisa"" in a toast mosaic. At a 2010 food-art festival in Hong Kong, Bennet ""tiled"" together approximately 6,000 slices of bread, using a blow-torch to achieve the desired ""tone"" on each piece of toast. Media coverage of the many incarnations of ""Mona Lisa"" often allude to the likely disbelief of Leonardo himself; of the intrigue she would come to inspire, and the unimaginable extremes of her re-portrayal. Mona Lisa replicas"
"Peintres Cubistes)"" by Guillaume Apollinaire. The painting was subsequently published in Arthur Jerome Eddy's ""Cubists and Post-impressionism"", 1914, titled The Taster. André Salmon dubbed this painting """"La Joconde du Cubisme"""" (""La Joconde Cubiste""), ""The Mona Lisa of Cubism"" (""Mona Lisa with a teaspoon""). ""Tea Time"" ""was far more famous than any painting that Picasso and Braque had made up until this time"", according to curator Michael Taylor (Philadelphia Museum of Art), ""because Picasso and Braque, by not showing at the Salons, have actually removed themselves from the public... For most people, the idea of Cubism was actually associated with an"