"the colonies as well as increase prey availability, reduce foraging distance, and increase feeding frequency. Magellanic penguin The Magellanic penguin (""Spheniscus magellanicus"") is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil where they are occasionally seen as far north as Rio de Janeiro. It is the most numerous of the ""Spheniscus"" penguins. Its nearest relatives are the African, the Humboldt penguin and the Galápagos penguins. The Magellanic penguin was named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who spotted the birds in 1520. The species is listed as Near Threatened by the"
"Penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch while swimming underwater. They spend roughly half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea. Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere,"
"described as hailing from the Falklands. Opus was a comical, ""existentialist"" penguin character in the cartoons ""Bloom County"", ""Outland"" and ""Opus"". He was also the star in the Christmas show ""A Wish for Wings That Work"". In the mid-2000s, penguins became one of the most publicized species of animals that form lasting homosexual couples. A children's book, ""And Tango Makes Three"", was written about one such penguin family in the New York Zoo. Penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos"
"African penguin The African penguin (""Spheniscus demersus""), also known as the jackass penguin and black-footed penguin, is a species of penguin, confined to southern African waters. It is also widely known as the ""jackass"" penguin for its loud, donkey-like bray, although several related species of South American penguins produce the same sound. Like all extant penguins it is flightless, with a streamlined body, and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat. Adults weigh on average and are tall. It has distinctive pink patches of skin above the eyes and a black facial mask; the body upperparts are"
"penguin. Magellanic penguins share a similar characteristic that often confuses the two; Magellanics have a double bar on the throat and chest, whereas the African has a single bar. These penguins have the nickname of ""jackass penguin"" which comes from the loud noises they make. The African penguin is only found on the south-western coast of Africa, living in colonies on 24 islands between Namibia and Algoa Bay, near Port Elizabeth, South Africa. It is the only penguin species that breeds in Africa and its presence gave name to the Penguin Islands. Two colonies were established by penguins in the"
"white or pink. All members of this genus lay eggs and raise their young in nests situated in burrows or natural depressions in the earth. Banded penguins belong to the genus ""Spheniscus"", which was established by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The genus name ""Spheniscus"" is derived from the Ancient Greek word σφήν (""sphẽn"") meaning ""wedge"" and is a reference to the animal's thin, wedge-shaped flippers. The four extant species of banded penguins (""Spheniscus"") are: Several extinct species are known from fossils: The former ""Spheniscus predemersus"" is now placed in a monotypic genus ""Inguza"". Scientists believe that the genus ""Spheniscus"""
"they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far south. Several species are found in the temperate zone, and one species, the Galápagos penguin, lives near the equator. The largest living species is the emperor penguin (""Aptenodytes forsteri""): on average, adults are about tall and weigh . The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (""Eudyptula minor""), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around tall and weighs . Among extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit colder regions, while smaller penguins are generally found in temperate"
"almost all located in the Southern Hemisphere (the only exception is the equatorial Galapagos penguin), with the greatest concentration located on and around Antarctica. Four of the 18 penguin species live and breed on the mainland and its close offshore islands. Another four species live on the subantarctic islands. Emperor penguins have four overlapping layers of feathers, keeping them warm. They are the only Antarctic animal to breed during the winter. Compared to other major oceans, there are few fish species in few families in the Southern Ocean. The most species-rich family are the snailfish (Liparidae), followed by the cod"
"are rather easy to breed compared to other species of the family. In Europe the breeding program or EEP is regulated by Artis zoo in the Netherlands, whilst in the United states the SSP is coordinated by Smithsonian National Zoological Park. The idea is to create a backup ex-situ population, as well as to aid in the conservation of the in-situ population. Between 2010 and 2013, American zoos spent $300 000 on in-situ conservation. African penguin The African penguin (""Spheniscus demersus""), also known as the jackass penguin and black-footed penguin, is a species of penguin, confined to southern African waters."
"Magellanic penguin (""Spheniscus magellanicus""), the orca and elephant seals. The Valdés Peninsula is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, designated for its global significance as a site for the conservation of marine mammals. The Patagonian freshwater fish fauna is relatively restricted compared to other similar Southern Hemisphere regions. The Argentine part is home to a total of 29 freshwater fish species; 18 of which are native. The introduced are several species of trout, common carp and various species that originated in more northerly parts of South American. The natives are osmeriforms (""Aplochiton"" and ""Galaxias""), temperate perches (""Percichthys""), catfish (""Diplomystes"", ""Hatcheria"" and"
"on all continents excluding Africa, Australia and Antarctica, and the polar bear solely in the Arctic Circle and adjacent land masses. Penguins are found only around the South Pole despite similar weather conditions at the North Pole. Families of sirenians are distributed around the earth's waters, where manatees are located in western Africa waters, northern South American waters, and West Indian waters only while the related family, the dugongs, are located only in Oceanic waters north of Australia, and the coasts surrounding the Indian Ocean. The now extinct Steller's sea cow resided in the Bering Sea. The same kinds of"
"as endangered. It is a charismatic species and is popular with tourists. The African penguin was one of the many bird species originally described by Linnaeus in the landmark 1758 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"", where he grouped it with the wandering albatross on the basis of its bill and nostril morphology and gave it the name ""Diomedea demersa"". The African penguin is a banded penguin, placed in the genus ""Spheniscus"". The other banded penguins are the African penguin's closest relatives, and are all found mainly in the Southern Hemisphere: the Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguins found in southern"
"Inkayacu Inkayacu is a genus of extinct penguins. It lived in what is now Peru during the Late Eocene, around 36 million years ago. A nearly complete skeleton was discovered in 2008 and includes fossilized feathers, the first known in penguins. A study of the melanosomes, pigment-containing organelles within the feathers, indicated that they were gray or reddish brown. This differs from modern penguins, which get their dark black-brown feathers from unique melanosomes that are large and ellipsoidal. The genus name derives from the Quechua words ""Inka"" for emperor or king and ""yacu"" for water; ""Water King"". The specific epithet"
"Adélie penguin The Adélie penguin (""Pygoscelis adeliae"") is a species of penguin common along the entire coast of the Antarctic continent, which is their only residence. They are the most widely spread penguin species, as well as the most southerly distributed of all penguins, along with the emperor penguin. They are named after Adélie Land, in turn named for Adèle Dumont d'Urville, the wife of French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, who discovered these penguins in 1840. They obtain their food by both predation and foraging, with a diet of mainly krill and fish. The Adélie penguin is one of three"
"and New Zealand, and moved closer to the equator around 10 million years ago. Since ""Icadyptes salasi"" lived in Peru during a period of great warmth, penguins must have adapted to warm climates around 30 million years earlier than previously believed. Icadyptes Icadyptes is an extinct genus of giant penguins from the Late Eocene tropics of South America. The genus name is a combination of """"Ica"""" for the Peruvian region where the type species was found and ""dyptes"" from the Greek word for diver. The species epithet ""salasi"" refers to Rodolfo Salas, a noted Peruvian paleontologist. Standing about tall, the"
"Icadyptes Icadyptes is an extinct genus of giant penguins from the Late Eocene tropics of South America. The genus name is a combination of """"Ica"""" for the Peruvian region where the type species was found and ""dyptes"" from the Greek word for diver. The species epithet ""salasi"" refers to Rodolfo Salas, a noted Peruvian paleontologist. Standing about tall, the penguin was much larger than any of its modern-day cousins, yet ""Icadyptes salasi"" is merely the third largest penguin ever described. It had an exceptionally long spear-like beak resembling that of a heron. The researchers who discovered the penguins believe the"
"Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument is a Chilean Natural Monument located southwest of Ancud. It consists of three islets off the western coast of Chiloé Island to the west and north of Puñihuil. The monument is notable for being the only known shared breeding site for Humboldt and Magellanic penguins. Also is reproduction area for other species, as are the red-legged cormorant and kelp gull. Other bird species residing in the area include kelp goose and Fuegian steamer duck. Marine otters find refuge in this protected area. Following a 2007 study by the staff from"
"South American sea lion The South American sea lion (""Otaria flavescens"", formerly ""Otaria byronia""), also called the Southern Sea Lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean, Falkland Islands, Argentinean, Uruguayan, and Southern Brazilian coasts. It is the only member of the genus ""Otaria"". Its scientific name was subject to controversy, with some taxonomists referring to it as ""Otaria flavescens"" and others referring to it as ""Otaria byronia"". The former eventually won out, although that may still be overturned. Locally, it is known by several names, most commonly lobo marino (es)/lobo marinho"
"“These are the only islands off southern mainland Africa where Sterna dougallii (Roseate Tern) breeds regularly.” The islands are also home to 43% of the global population of the African penguin (""Spheniscus demersus""), the majority of which are on St Croix. St Croix also holds a locally significant breeding population of Cape cormorant (""Phalacrocorax capensis""). Bird Island is one of only six breeding sites in the world for the Cape gannet (""Morus capensis""). “Larus dominicanus (the Kelp Gull) and Haematopus moquini (the African Oystercatcher) are found throughout the Algoa Bay complex. The island group is also known to hold large"
"Erect-crested penguin The erect-crested penguin (""Eudyptes sclateri"") is a penguin known only from New Zealand, where it breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands, although previously also known from Campbell Island. It has black upper parts, white underparts and a yellow eye stripe and crest. It spends the winter at sea and little is known about its biology and breeding habits. Populations have declined during the last few decades of the twentieth century, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed it as being ""endangered"". This is a small-to-medium-sized, yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin, at and weighing . As in"
"one in 50,000 penguins (of most species) are born with brown rather than black plumage. These are called isabelline penguins. Isabellinism is different from albinism. Isabelline penguins tend to live shorter lives than normal penguins, as they are not well-camouflaged against the deep, and are often passed over as mates. Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south. Several species live in the temperate zone; one, the Galápagos penguin, lives as far north"
"Water opossum The water opossum (""Chironectes minimus""), also locally known as the yapok (), is a marsupial of the family Didelphidae. It is the only living member of its genus, Chironectes. This semiaquatic creature is found in and near the freshwater streams and lakes in Mexico, Central, South America to Argentina and is the most aquatic living marsupial (the lutrine opossum also has aquatic habits). It is also the only living marsupial in which both sexes have a pouch. The thylacine, commonly referred to as the Tasmanian tiger, also exhibited this trait, but is now believed to be extinct. The"
"on the IUCN Red List, the erect-crested penguin is listed as endangered and granted protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Erect-crested penguin The erect-crested penguin (""Eudyptes sclateri"") is a penguin known only from New Zealand, where it breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands, although previously also known from Campbell Island. It has black upper parts, white underparts and a yellow eye stripe and crest. It spends the winter at sea and little is known about its biology and breeding habits. Populations have declined during the last few decades of the twentieth century, and the International Union for Conservation"
"for which the waters to the northwest are an important feeding area. Puñihuil Puñihuil is a cove with a small community on the northwestern coast of the Isla Grande de Chiloe, which lies near the coast of Northern Patagonia in Chile. The Islotes de Puñihuil Natural Monument, three small islands, lie to the west and north of the cove. The monument is the only known shared breeding site for Humboldt and Magellanic penguins. It is also a breeding area for other species including the red-legged cormorant and kelp gull. The Alfaguara project, a marine life conservation project operates from Puñihuil."
"numbers for a two-year period may be in excess of 200,000. How many are left in the wild is unknown. Pangolins are generally poorly known to the public and their endangered status has so far received much less publicity than in the case of more iconic species. Ground pangolin The ground pangolin (""Smutsia temminckii""), also known as Temminck's pangolin or Cape pangolin, is one of four species of pangolins which can be found in Africa, and the only one in southern and eastern Africa. The animal was named for the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. As a group, pangolins are"
"the Magellanic penguin on the central Chilean coast. It is vagrant in Ecuador and Colombia. Due to a declining population caused in part by over-fishing, climate change, and ocean acidification, the current status of the Humboldt penguin is threatened. Historically it was the victim of guano over-exploitation. Penguins are also declining in numbers due to habitat destruction including by invasive species. The current population is estimated at between 3,300 and 12,000. In August 2010 the Humboldt penguin of Chile and Peru, was granted protection under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In 2017 a large mining project proposed by the company"
"currently on the verge of extinction. As a result, the penguins are under the protection of the Cape Nature Conservation. Although set in the midst of a residential area, it is one of the few sites where this vulnerable bird (""Spheniscus demersus"") can be observed at close range, wandering freely in a protected natural environment. From just two breeding pairs in 1982, the penguin colony has grown to about 3,000 birds in recent years. This is partly due to the reduction in commercial pelagic trawling in False Bay, which has increased the supply of pilchards and anchovy, which form part"
"Curio Bay Curio Bay is a coastal embayment in the Southland District of New Zealand, best known as the site of a petrified forest some 180 million years old. It also hosts a yellow-eyed penguin colony, arguably the rarest of penguin species, with approximately 1600 breeding pairs in the extant population. The bay, along with neighbouring Porpoise Bay, is home to the endemic Hector's dolphin. Southern right whales are occasionally observed offshore, as on numerous parts of the country's coast. Located near the southernmost point of the South Island, Curio Bay is one of the major attractions in the Catlins,"
"sandgrouse (""Pterocles""), Coraciiformes (bee-eaters, hornbills, ""Ceratogymna""), phasianids (francolins, Congo peafowl, blue quail, harlequin quail, stone partridge, Madagascar partridge). The woodpeckers and allies include honeyguides, African barbets, African piculet, ground woodpecker, ""Dendropicos"" and ""Campethera"". The birds of prey include the buzzards, harriers, Old World vultures, bateleur, ""Circaetus"", ""Melierax"" and others. Trogons are represented by one genus (""Apaloderma""). African penguin is the only penguin species. Madagascar was once home to the now extinct elephant birds. Africa is home to numerous songbirds (pipits, orioles, antpeckers, brubrus, cisticolas, negrofinches, olivebacks, pytilias, green-backed twinspot, crimson-wings, seedcrackers, bluebills, firefinches, waxbills, amandavas, quailfinches, munias, weavers, tit-hylia, ""Amadina"","
"Chinstrap penguin The chinstrap penguin (""Pygoscelis antarcticus"") is a species of penguin which inhabits a variety of islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Ocean. Its name derives from the narrow black band under its head which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet, making it one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other common names are ""ringed penguin"", ""bearded penguin"", and ""stonecracker penguin"" due to its loud, harsh call. Chinstrap penguins have an average body length of and a weight of , but their weight can drop as low as"
"Eleginops maclovinus Eleginops maclovinus, the Patagonian blenny, Falkland's mullet or rock cod, is a species of notothenioid fish found in coastal and estuarine habitats around southernmost South America, ranging as far north as Valparaíso on the Pacific side, and Uruguay on the Atlantic side. It is also found around the Falkland Islands, where it has been featured on a stamp. It is the only member of its genus, which is the only member of the family Eleginopsidae. Its English names refer to the vaguely blenny-, mullet-, or cod-like appearance, but it is not related to true blennies, mullets, or cods."
"Palaeoapterodytes ictus Palaeoapterodytes ictus is an extinct species of penguin from the late Oligocene or early Miocene of Argentina, the only member of its genus. Its fossil remains, consisting of only of a severely worn proximal part of a humerus, were found in the Patagonia Formation. Ameghino named his genus ""Apterodytes"" (meaning ""wingless diver"", later emended to ""ancient wingless diver"" as the original name was preoccupied) because he mistakenly believed that this species lacked functional wings (the name is not to be confused with ""Aptenodytes"", the modern emperor and king penguins). In this he seemingly overlooked the effects of taphonomy,"
"Fiordland penguin The Fiordland penguin (""Eudyptes pachyrhynchus""), also known as the Fiordland crested penguin (in Māori, tawaki or ""pokotiwha""), is a crested penguin species endemic to New Zealand. It currently breeds along the south-western coasts of New Zealand's South Island as well as on Stewart Island/Rakiura and its outlying islands. Because it originally ranged beyond Fiordland, it is sometimes referred to as the New Zealand crested penguin. The Fiordland crested penguin was described in 1845 by English zoologist George Robert Gray, its specific epithet derived from the Ancient Greek ""pachy-""/παχυ- ""thick"" and ""rhynchos""/ρύγχος ""beak"". It is one of six species"