"mid-1990s, with the rise of spamming, spammers resorted to re-routing their e-mail through third party e-mail servers to avoid detection and to exploit the additional resources of these open relay servers. Spammers would send one e-mail to the open relay and (effectively) include a large blind carbon copy list, then the open relay would relay that spam to the entire list. While this greatly reduced the bandwidth requirements for spammers at a time when Internet connections were limited, it forced each spam to be an exact copy and thus easier to detect. After abuse by spammers became widespread, operating an"
"in use include ""cc'ing"". Merriam-Webster uses ""cc"", ""cc'd"" and ""cc'ing"", respectively. In common usage, an email message has three fields for addressees: the To field is for principal recipients of the message, the CC field indicates secondary recipients whose names are visible to one another and to the principal, and the BCC (blind carbon copy) field contains the names of tertiary recipients whose names are invisible to each other and to the primary and secondary recipients. It is considered good practice to indicate to the other recipients that a new participant has been added to the list of receivers (e.g."
"made aware of this participation. For this reason, it is in some cases better to separately forward the original e-mail. Depending on the particular email software used, the recipient may or may not know that the message has been sent via Bcc. In some cases, 'undisclosed recipients' placed in the To: line (by the software) shows that Bcc has been used. In other cases, the message appears identical to one sent to a single addressee. The recipient does not necessarily see the email address (and real name, if any) originally placed in the To: line. When it is useful for"
"Blind carbon copy Blind carbon copy (abbreviated Bcc:) allows the sender of a message to conceal the person entered in the Bcc: field from the other recipients. This concept originally applied to paper correspondence and now also applies to email. In some circumstances, the typist creating a paper correspondence must ensure that multiple recipients of such a document do not see the names of other recipients. To achieve this, the typist can: With email, recipients of a message are specified using addresses in any of these three fields: It is common practice to use the Bcc: field when addressing a"
"the recipients to know who else has received a Bcc message, The interpretation of ""Bcc:"" as ""blind courtesy copy"" is a backronym and not the original meaning; the historic RFC 733 has an explicit ""blind carbon"" annotation in its definition of the Bcc: header field syntax. ""Cc:"" and ""Bcc:"" mean ""carbon copy"" and ""blind carbon copy"" respectively. Sending ""courtesy copies"" of mailing list replies also directly to the author(s) of answered message(s) is a common practice on some lists, and matches a new interpretation of ""Cc:"" as abbreviation for ""courtesy copy"". Blind carbon copy Blind carbon copy (abbreviated Bcc:) allows"
"very long list of recipients, or a list of recipients who should not (necessarily) know each other, e.g. in mailing lists. There are a number of reasons for using this feature: In some cases, use of blind carbon copy may be viewed as mildly unethical. The original addressee of the mail (To: address) is left under the impression that communication is proceeding between the known parties, and is knowingly kept unaware of others participating in the primary communication. A related risk is that by (unintentional) use of 'reply to all' functionality by someone on Bcc, the original addressee is (inadvertently)"
"edit text. Some applications permit the use of a program-external editor. The email clients will perform formatting according to RFC 5322 for headers and body, and MIME for non-textual content and attachments. Headers include the destination fields, ""To"", ""Cc"" (short for ""Carbon copy""), and ""Bcc"" (""Blind carbon copy""), and the originator fields ""From"" which is the message's author(s), ""Sender"" in case there are more authors, and ""Reply-To"" in case responses should be addressed to a different mailbox. To better assist the user with destination fields, many clients maintain one or more address books and/or are able to connect to an"
"only among a limited group of correspondents is one way to limit spam. This method relies on the discretion of all members of the group, as disclosing email addresses outside the group circumvents the trust relationship of the group. For this reason, forwarding messages to recipients who don't know one another should be avoided. When it is absolutely necessary to forward messages to recipients who don't know one another, it is good practice to list the recipient names all after ""bcc:"" instead of after ""to:"". This practice avoids the scenario where unscrupulous recipients might compile a list of email addresses"
"from a member to one or more other members. The ability to send so-called blind carbon copies is sometimes available. When sending a ""blind carbon copy"" (bcc), the users to whom the message is sent directly will not be aware of the recipients of the blind carbon copy or even if one was sent in the first place. Private messages are generally used for personal conversations. They can also be used with tripcodes—a message is addressed to a public trip and can be picked up by typing in the tripcode. An attachment can be almost any file. When someone attaches"
"characters to reject messages from certain stations or if the message contains subjects of no interest to the user. B and B are two-digit numerics identifying individual messages, used by receivers to keep already received messages from being repeated. For example, a message containing ""BBBB"" characters of 'FE01' from a U.S. navtex station indicates a weather forecast message from Boston, MA. Navtex message example: ZCZC begins the message. This character defines the transmitter identity and its associated coverage area. The subject indicator character is used by the receiver to identify different classes of messages below. The indicator is also used"
"Bounce address A bounce address is an email address to which bounce messages are delivered. There are many variants of the name, none of them used universally, including return path, reverse path, envelope from, envelope sender, MAIL FROM, 5321-FROM, return address, From_, Errors-to, etc. It is not uncommon for a single document to use several of these names. All of these names refer to the email address provided with the MAIL FROM command during the SMTP session. Ordinarily, the bounce address is not seen by email users and, without standardization of the name, it may cause confusion. If an email"
"Beyond matters of basic courtesy and privacy, e-mail syntax (defined by RFC 2822) allows for different types of recipients. The primary recipient, defined by the To: line, can reasonably be expected to respond, but recipients of carbon copies cannot be, although they still might. Likewise, misuse of the CC: functions in lieu of traditional mailing lists can result in serious technical issues. In late 2007, employees of the United States Department of Homeland Security used large CC: lists in place of a mailing list to broadcast messages to several hundred users. Misuse of the ""reply to all"" caused the number"
"contact list, unless the user is using basic HTML view, designed for people with slower internet connections or browsers that do not support AJAX. When a user starts typing in the To, CC or BCC fields it brings up a list with the relevant contacts, with their name and primary e-mail address. More information, including alternate email addresses, can be added on the Contacts page. These contacts can also be added to a group, which makes sending multiple e-mails to related contacts easier. Images can be added to contacts, which will appear whenever the mouse is over the contact's name."
"BCODE A bCODE is an identifier that can be sent to a mobile phone/device and used as a ticket/voucher/identification or other type of token. The bCODE is an SMS message that can be read electronically from the screen of a mobile device. Bcodes can be sent by text message, and as they are just a standard SMS they can be received on over 99% of all devices. Bcodes have many uses such as advertising, loyalty programs, promotions, ticketing and more. bCODE was developed by an Australian company from 2003-2005. A bCODE is a simple SMS text message that looks something"
"e-mail addresses can be greatly reduced by not creating a new message that contains the challenge. Instead, the challenge can be placed in the Bounce message when the receiving mail system gives a rejection-code during the SMTP session. When the receiving mail system rejects an e-mail this way, it is the sending system that actually creates the bounce message. As a result, the bounce message will almost always be sent to the real sender, and it will be in a format and language that the sender will usually recognize. Firewalls and routers can be programmed to not allow SMTP traffic"
"an original (""...and you want to turn him into a carbon copy of every fourth-rate conformist in this frightened land!"" Robert Heinlein, ""Stranger in a Strange Land""). Carbon copy can be used as a transitive verb with the meaning described under e-mail below related to the CC field of an e-mail message. That is, to send the message to additional recipients beyond the primary recipient. It is common practice to abbreviate the verb form, and many forms are acceptable, including ""cc"" and ""cc:"". Past tense forms in use are ""CCed"", ""cc'd"", ""cc'ed"", ""cc-ed"" and ""cc:'d"". Present participle or imperfect forms"
"Binary Synchronous Communications Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC or Bisync) is an IBM character-oriented, half-duplex link protocol, announced in 1967 after the introduction of System/360. It replaced the synchronous transmit-receive (STR) protocol used with second generation computers. The intent was that common link management rules could be used with three different character encodings for messages. Six-bit Transcode looked backwards to older systems; USASCII with 128 characters and EBCDIC with 256 characters looked forward. Transcode disappeared very quickly but the EBCDIC and USASCII dialects of Bisync continued in use. At one time Bisync was the most widely used communications protocol and is"
"email should go, and the MAIL FROM command to indicate where it came from. While its original usage was to provide information about how to return bounce messages, since the late 1990s, other uses have come about. These typically take advantage of properties of the bounce address, such as: Extended uses include mailing list handling in Variable envelope return path (VERP), email authentication, spam filtering, and backscatter reduction in Bounce Address Tag Validation. The various terms have different origins and sometimes different meanings, although these differences have often become moot on the modern internet. Bounce address A bounce address is"
"Broadcast control channel A broadcast control channel (BCCH) is a point to multipoint, unidirectional (downlink) channel used in the Um interface of the GSM cellular standard. The BCCH carries a repeating pattern of system information messages that describe the identity, configuration and available features of the base transceiver station (BTS). These messages also provide a list of absolute radio-frequency channel numbers (ARFCNs) used by neighboring BTSs. This message pattern is synchronized to the BTS frame clock. The minimum BCCH message set is system information messages 2–4, although other messages are normally present. The messages themselves are described in 3GPP Technical"
"addition, there are MUAs that allow users to ""bounce"" a message on demand. These user-initiated bounces are bogus bounces; by definition, a real bounce is automated, and is emitted by a MTA or MDA. Bounce messages in SMTP are sent with the envelope sender address codice_1, known as the ""null sender address"". They are frequently sent with a codice_2 header address of codice_3 at the recipient site. Typically, a bounce message will contain several pieces of information to help the original sender in understanding the reason his message was not delivered: RFC 3463 describes the codes used to indicate the"
"the goal of reducing their chance of receiving spam. Sharing an email address only among a limited group of correspondents is one way to limit the chance that the address will be ""harvested"" and targeted by spam. Similarly, when forwarding messages to a number of recipients who don't know one another, recipient addresses can be put in the ""bcc: field"" so that each recipient does not get a list of the other recipients' email addresses. Email addresses posted on webpages, Usenet or chat rooms are vulnerable to e-mail address harvesting. Address munging is the practice of disguising an e-mail address"
"bounce messages — reporting delivery-failure (or success) — if any. By contrast, the terms ""remailing"" or ""redistribution"" can sometimes mean re-sending the message and also rewriting the ""envelope sender"" field. Electronic mailing lists furnish a typical example. Authors submit messages to a ""reflector"" that performs remailing to each list address. That way, bounce messages (which report a failure delivering a message to any list- subscriber) will not reach the author of a message. However, annoying misconfigured ""vacation"" autoreplies do reach authors. Typically, plain message-forwarding does alias-expansion, while proper message-forwarding, also named ""forwarding"" tout-court serves for mailing-lists. When additional modifications to"
"GBCD code, a variant of BCD. The following table shows the code assignments for the Burroughs B5500 computer, sometimes referred to as BIC (Burroughs Interchange Code). The BCDIC-A Code page was assigned as Code page 353, also known as CP353. Some of the characters in this code page are not in Unicode. [The presence of two # characters but no + character seems incorrect in this table.] At 0x1A is the record mark, which was not proposed separately due to its similarity to the double dagger. At 0x3F is the group mark. PTTC/BCD had 5 options. There were five code"
"not a receiver (person or company). The only exception is the code AA-AA-AA-AA which directs to the address of the ""sedamo"" division of the Cross-Cultural Communication Club. To mark sender's and receiver's address codes, a double arrow should be used: AA-AA-AA-AA » CT-QP-ED-TP. For automation purposes, the CCCC suggests to print the code in Code 39 barcode with a leading ""%+"" (percent sign followed by plus sign) for the receiver's code and a ""%-"" (percent sign followed by minus sign) for the sender's code without dashes. For the example given above: *%-AAAAAAAA%+CTQPEDTP* or *%+CTQPEDTP%-AAAAAAAA* The web site email2address.com supports registering"
"message (maximum length of one Cell broadcast message is therefore 1395 characters). Each page of such a CB message will have the same message identifier (indicating the source of the message), and the same serial number. Using this information, the mobile telephone is able to identify and ignore broadcasts of already received messages. A Cell Broadcast Centre (CBC), a system which is the source of SMS-CB, is connected to a base station controller (BSC) in GSM networks, to a radio network controller (RNC) in UMTS networks, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in LTE (telecommunication) networks or to a core"
"BPC (time signal) BPC is the callsign of a time signal broadcasting from the BPC Shangqiu Low-Frequency Time-Code Radio Station, cooperatively constructed by the National Time Service Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi’an Gaohua Technology Co., Ltd., since April 25, 2002. BPC transmits a time signal on 68.5 kHz, which can be used for synchronizing radio controlled clocks. As opposed to other time signal transmitters, the signal format is not published openly; a special license is required. The transmission site is situated near Shangqiu, Henan Province at . BPC broadcasts at 90 kW for 21 hours per"
"""barbox!user"" would generally publish their UUCP email address in a form such as ""…!bigsite!foovax!barbox!user"". This directs people to route their mail to machine ""bigsite"" (presumably a well-known and well-connected machine accessible to everybody) and from there through the machine ""foovax"" to the account of user ""user"" on ""barbox"". Publishing a full path would be pointless, because it would be different, depending on where the sender was. (e.g. Ann at one site may have to send via path ""gway!tcol!canty!uoh!bigsite!foovax!barbox!user"", whereas from somewhere else, Bill has to send via the path ""pdp10!router22!bigsite!foovax!barbox!user""). Many users would suggest multiple routes from various large well-known"
"for example, clicking on a clock opens the calendar, while a pen and paper represent the word processor. The user can also add shortcuts to applications on his or her computer. These shortcuts display the icon inside various styles of decorations such as boxes and picture frames. Released right as the Internet was beginning to become popular, Bob offered an email client with which a user could subscribe to MCI Mail, a dial-up email account. The price was $5.00 per month to send up to 15 emails per month. Each email was limited to 5000 characters, and each additional email"
"of bounces. Microsoft Exchange can sometimes bounce a message without providing any indication of the address to which the original message was sent. When Exchange knows the intended recipient, but is not willing to accept email for them, it omits their address. If a message is sent to codice_1 and the server knows that this is codice_2, it will bounce the message saying that the message to codice_2 could not be delivered, leaving out the codice_1 address altogether. VERP is the only viable way to handle such bounces correctly. The hard part of bounce handling is matching up a bounce"
"pages. They are shown below. The PTTC/BCD Standard Option was assigned as Code page 355, or CP355. The PTTC/BCD H Option was assigned as Code page 357, or CP357. The PTTC/BCD Correspondence Option was assigned as Code page 358, or CP358. The PTTC/BCD Monocase Option was assigned as Code page 359, or CP359. The PTTC/BCD Duocase Option was assigned as Code page 360, or CP360. BCD (character encoding) BCD (""Binary-Coded Decimal""), also called alphanumeric BCD, alphameric BCD, BCD Interchange Code, or BCDIC, is a family of representations of numerals, uppercase Latin letters, and some special and control characters as six-bit"
"question accuracy, validity, or relevance of presented evidence) – as often found in newsgroups and complicated email chains – as opposed to simple single-step tasks (e.g., posting or share answers to a simple question). Email allows messages to be targeted at particular members of the audience by using the ""To"" and ""CC"" lines. However, some message systems do not have this option. As a result, it can be difficult to determine the intended recipient of a particular message. When messages are displayed hierarchically, it is easier to visually identify the author of the previous message. It can be difficult to"
"the 64 hexagrams). The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), uses a 7-bit binary code to represent text and other characters within computers, communications equipment, and other devices. Each letter or symbol is assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, lowercase ""a"" is represented by 1100001 as a bit string (which is 97 in decimal). Binary-coded decimal, or BCD, is a binary encoded representation of integer values that uses a 4-bit nibble to encode decimal digits. Four binary bits can encode up to 16 distinct values; but, in BCD-encoded numbers, only the first ten values in each"
"BlackBerry phone. The BES monitors the user's mailbox, relaying new messages to the phone via BlackBerry's Network Operations Center (NOC) and user's wireless provider. This feature is known as push email, because all new emails, contacts, task entries, memopad entries, and calendar entries are pushed out to the BlackBerry device immediately (as opposed to the user synchronising the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals). BlackBerry also supports polling email, through third-party applications. The messaging system built into the BlackBerry only understands how to receive messages from a BES or the BIS, these services handle the"