"St. Kilda"" and ""Funk Island"". The English painter and writer Errol Fuller produced ""Last Stand"" for his monograph on the species. The great auk also appeared on one stamp in a set of five depicting extinct birds issued by Cuba in 1974. Great auk The great auk (""Pinguinus impennis"") is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century. It was the only modern species in the genus Pinguinus. It is not closely related to the birds now known as penguins, which were discovered later and so named by sailors because of their physical resemblance to the"
"International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). As a conspicuous and common bird, it has been mentioned in several ancient myths and legends. The Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner named the northern gannet as ""Anser bassanus"" or ""scoticus"" in the 16th century, noting that the Scots called it ""solendguse"". The former name was also used by the English naturalist Francis Willughby in the 17th century; the species was known to him from a colony in the Firth of Forth and a stray bird that was found near Coleshill, Warwickshire. It was one of the many species originally described by the Swedish"
"included in the group. The name ""Spinus"" was introduced in 1816 by the German naturalist Carl Ludwig Koch. The genus contains 20 species: Spinus (genus) Spinus is a genus of passerine birds in the finch family. It contains the North and South American siskins and goldfinches. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek ""spinos"", a name for a now-unidentifiable bird. All of the species in the genus other than the Tibetan serin were formerly included in the genus ""Carduelis"". They were moved to the resurrected genus ""Spinus"" based on phylogenetic studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. The Tibetan"
"Pengornis Pengornis is the largest known enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northeast China. The name derives from ""Peng"", which refers to a mythological bird from Chinese folklore, and ""-ornis"", which means bird in Greek. ""Pengornis"" is known from a single adult fossil, described by Zhou et al. in 2008. This holotype is in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing China. Its accession number is IVPP V15336. It was collected from the Jiufotang Formation, at Dapingfang, Chaoyang, Liaoning China. A second, juvenile specimen was described by Hu, Zhou, and O'Connor in 2014. ""Pengornis"""
"Latin word ""para"" and the name of the related genus ""Pengornis"", indicating their close relationship. The name Pengornis is itself derived from ""Peng"", a mythological bird from Chinese folklore, and ""ornis"", which means bird in Greek. The specific name is derived from the Latin words ""eury"", meaning broad, and ""caudatus"", meaning tail, in reference to the broad and expanded pygostyle (the last fused vertebrae of a bird's tail). A nearly complete specimen formerly assigned to ""Pengornis"" was also reassigned to ""Parapengornis"" by these authors. ""Parapengornis"" was a large pengornithid, distinguished from its relatives by a combination of features such as"
"a pioneering student of bird behaviour. As a long-term experiment, he released a large number of young common chaffinches in and around Rosenau between 1704 and 1720, after first teaching them to sing like tree pipits. He was known as the ""Freiherr von Pernau zu Rosenau"", and his most important publication, printed at Coburg in 1707, was titled ""Lessons, as to what one can do with the lovely Creatures, the Birds, either by Capture, by Probing of their Characteristics and Taming, or by other forms of Instruction, for Pleasure and Profit"". In 1731, after Pernau's death, the estate was bought"
"is often discussed under the name of Spiza townsendi (or ""Spiza townsendii"", the original misspelt specific name proposed by John James Audubon). This individual was collected on May 11, 1833, by Audubon's colleague John Kirk Townsend in New Garden Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The specimen remains unique and nothing is known about what it represents with certainty; it had thus even been suggested to be an extinct relative. In 2014, Kyle Blaney photographed the bird in Ontario, proving its continuing existence. It is commonly called ""Townsend's dickcissel"" (or ""Townsend's bunting"", ""Townsend's finch"") in reference to the collector whom the scientific"
"larger genus ""Fringilla"" (English translation: finch) of Linnaeus. This description was published in the zoology volume of Dumont d'Urville's 1830 account of the expedition aboard the ""Astrolabe"", based on a specimen Quoy and Gaimard had collected at King George Sound. Their publication preceded the entry as ""Estrelda oculea"" in Gould's ""Birds of Australia"" (1848), this later description making an unnecessary emendation to the spelling of the epithet ""oculata"". Gould's ""Handbook to the Birds of Australia"" (1865) names the bird ""Zonæginthus oculeus"" with a citation to Cabanis' 1853 description under the same name. The specific epithet (marked with eyes, conspicuous) is"
"and described it as ""Corvus gymnocephalus"", placing it in the crow genus ""Corvus"". The species name is derived from the Ancient Greek words ""gymnos"" ""naked"", and ""kephalē"" ""head"". However, only three years later the bird was removed from the genus ""Corvus"" by René Primevère Lesson and placed in its own genus, ""Picathartes"", as it did not share characteristics common to members of ""Corvus"" such as a feathered head. This generic name comes from a combination of the Latin genera ""pica"" for ""magpie"" and ""cathartes"" for ""vulture"". Since its initial description, the picathartes have been placed in more than five different"
"shows characters of the humeral head, acromion, and anterior cervical vertebrae, that were previously known only in members of the Ornithurae. A phylogenetic analysis by Zhou et al. reduces to just three the number of characters that support enantiornithine monophyly. Thus, Pengornis supports the possibility that enantiornithines and Ornithurines may not be distinct clades. Pengornis Pengornis is the largest known enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northeast China. The name derives from ""Peng"", which refers to a mythological bird from Chinese folklore, and ""-ornis"", which means bird in Greek. ""Pengornis"" is known from a single adult fossil, described by"
"Spinus (genus) Spinus is a genus of passerine birds in the finch family. It contains the North and South American siskins and goldfinches. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek ""spinos"", a name for a now-unidentifiable bird. All of the species in the genus other than the Tibetan serin were formerly included in the genus ""Carduelis"". They were moved to the resurrected genus ""Spinus"" based on phylogenetic studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. The Tibetan serin was formerly placed in the genus ""Serinus"". The Eurasian siskin and the Tibetan serin are the only species from the Old World"
"of the common name ""great grey shrike"". The type locality of Linnaeus is simply given as ""Europa"" (""Europe""). The scientific name of the great grey shrike literally means ""sentinel butcher"": ""Lanius"" is the Latin term for a butcher, while ""excubitor"" is Latin for a watchman or sentinel. This refers to the birds' two most conspicuous behaviours – storing food animals by impaling them on thorns, and using exposed tree-tops or poles to watch the surrounding area for possible prey. Use of the former by Conrad Gessner established the quasi-scientific term ""lanius"" for the shrikes. Linnaeus chose his specific name because"
"by the Austrian naturalist Georg Ritter von Frauenfeld for the Hoefnagel painting, with the older specific name ""broecki"". Due to nomenclatural priority, the genus name was later combined with the oldest species name ""bonasia"", which was coined by the Belgian scientist Edmond de Sélys Longchamps in 1848. Sélys Longchamps had originally named the genus ""Apterornis"", wherein he also included the Réunion solitaire and the Réunion swamphen, but the name was preoccupied by ""Aptornis"", a bird described by the English biologist Richard Owen in 1844. ""Aphanapteryx"" means ""invisible-wing"", but the meaning of ""bonasia"" is unclear. Some early accounts refer to red"
"Raggiana bird-of-paradise The Raggiana bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea raggiana""), also known as Count Raggi's bird-of-paradise, is a large bird in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae. It is distributed widely in southern and northeastern New Guinea, where its name is kumul. It is also known as cenderawasih. As requested by Count Luigi Maria D'Albertis, the epithet ""raggiana"" commemorates the Marquis Francis Raggi of Genoa. The Raggiana bird-of-paradise is the national bird of Papua New Guinea. In 1971 this species, as ""Gerrus paradisaea"", was made the national emblem and was included on the national flag. 'The Kumuls' (""birds-of-paradise"" in Tok Pisin) is also the nickname"
"other Mascarene birds only known from contemporary accounts, the red rail and the Réunion swamphen. As the name ""Apterornis"" had already been used for a different bird by the English biologist Richard Owen, and the other former names were likewise invalid, Bonaparte coined the new binomial ""Ornithaptera borbonica"" in 1854 (Bourbon was the original French name for Réunion). In 1854, the German ornithologist Hermann Schlegel placed the solitaire in the same genus as the dodo, and named it ""Didus apterornis"". He restored it strictly according to contemporary accounts, which resulted in an ibis or stork-like bird instead of a dodo."
"as endangered. It is a charismatic species and is popular with tourists. The African penguin was one of the many bird species originally described by Linnaeus in the landmark 1758 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"", where he grouped it with the wandering albatross on the basis of its bill and nostril morphology and gave it the name ""Diomedea demersa"". The African penguin is a banded penguin, placed in the genus ""Spheniscus"". The other banded penguins are the African penguin's closest relatives, and are all found mainly in the Southern Hemisphere: the Humboldt penguin and Magellanic penguins found in southern"
"Kepler and his son-in-law Jakob Bartsch called it ""Apus"" or ""Avis Indica"". The name ""Apus"" is derived from the Greek ""apous"", meaning ""without feet"". This referred to the Western misconception that the bird-of-paradise had no feet, which arose because the only specimens available in the West had their feet and wings removed. Such specimens began to arrive in Europe in 1522, when the survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition brought them home. The constellation later lost some of its tail when Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille used those stars to establish Octans in the 1750s. Covering 206.3 square degrees and hence 0.5002% of"
"king parrot (""Alisterus scapularis""), crowned sandgrouse (""Pterocles coronatus""), and the Cape night adder (""Causus rhombeatus""). In 1859 Italian herpetologist, Giorgio Jan, named the forest night adder (""Causus lichtensteinii"") in honor of Hinrich Lichtenstein, as did the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck with the Lichtenstein's sandgrouse (""Pterocles lichtensteinii""). Lichtenstein's ""Reisen im südlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1803, 1804, 1805 und 1806"" was translated into English, and published in 1812 as ""Travels in Southern Africa in the years 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806"". Hinrich Lichtenstein Martin Hinrich Carl Lichtenstein (10 January 1780 – 2 September 1857) was a German physician, explorer, botanist"
"and advice. The rugged Beaver and its offspring, the Otter, Twin Otter, Caribou, Buffalo and Dash 7 aircraft were employed worldwide in conditions as harsh and varied as tropical jungles and the Antarctic. Dickins continued working with de Havilland Canada for many years, becoming their sales agent. He travelled all over the world and was responsible for thousands of sales both in civil and military markets. Near the end of his career, Punch Dickins was honoured as a pioneer of Canada's rich aviation heritage. In the North, Punch was christened ""The Snow Eagle"" and ""Canada's Sky Explorer."" Punch Dickins was"
"Pelagornis Pelagornis is a widespread genus of the prehistoric pseudotooth birds. These were probably rather close relatives of either pelicans and storks, or of waterfowl, and are here placed in the order Odontopterygiformes to account for this uncertainty. The fossil specimens show that ""P. miocaenus"" was one of the large pseudotooth birds, hardly less in size than ""Osteodontornis"" or the older ""Dasornis"". Its head must have been about long in life, and its wingspan was probably more than , perhaps closer to . Unlike in its contemporary ""Osteodontornis"" but like in the older ""Pseudodontornis"", between each two of ""Pelagornis""'s large"
"1760, in the 12th edition of his Systema Naturae of 1766 Linnaeus classifies it as ""Tantalus ibis"". These were also unfamiliar birds that did not occur in Europe at the time, in English in these times called the 'Egyptian ibis' by Latham, and the 'emseesy' or 'ox-bird' by George Shaw. In 1790, John Latham provided the first unambiguous modern scientific description of the sacred ibis as ""Tantalus aethiopicus"", mentioning James Bruce of Kinnaird who called it 'abou hannes' in his writings describing his travels in Sudan and Ethiopia, and also described ""Tantalus melanocephalus"" of India. Georges Cuvier named it ""Ibis"
"Latin ""regulus"", a diminutive of ""rex"", ""a king"", and refer to the characteristic orange or yellow crests of adult kinglets. The common firecrest was first formally described by Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1820 as ""Sylvia ignicapilla""; the relatively late identification of this common European bird arose from a perception that it was just a variety of the goldcrest. The species name is derived from Latin ""ignis"" ""fire"" and ""capillus"" ""hair"". The binomial is frequently given as ""R. ignicapillus"" due to a misunderstanding of Latin grammar. There are two widely recognised subspecies of common firecrest, nominate ""R. i. ignicapilla"""
"of Gould's rare ornithological mistakes. He had already named the eastern race of the same bird, calling it the 'unadorned thickhead', perhaps giving some indication of what he thought of the bird. By convention, the first name stands, so today the scientific name is ""Pachycephalia inornata"". But while technically speaking, the name Gilbert's whistler refers just to the western race of the bird, the name is used universally today for the species. Gould also honoured Gilbert when naming two animals that Gilbert had collected for him from the dense heath in the south-west of Western Australia, Gilbert's dunnart and Gilbert's"
"alcohol and given to Edward Newton, a colonial administrator in Mauritius, who sent it to his brother, the British ornithologist Alfred Newton. A. Newton scientifically described the species in 1872 and gave it the scientific name ""Palaeornis exsul"". """"Exsul"""" (""exiled"") refers to Leguat, in that he was exiled from France when he gave the first description of the bird. Newton had tried to find a more descriptive name, perhaps based on colouration, but found it difficult. He refrained from publishing a figure of the female in his original description, though the journal ""Ibis"" had offered him the space. He instead"
"Vieillot described a slightly different bird that he called subspecies ""collaris"" in 1819. Nicholas Aylward Vigors in 1831 distinguished subspecies ""spilonotus"". The first English name, ""Weever Oriole"" was given by John Latham, an early British ornithologist, whose work was often cited by Linnaeus. ""Village weaver"" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). Other English names are ""black-headed weaver"", ""Layard's black-headed weaver"", ""black-hooded weaver"", ""mottled-backed weaver"", ""mottled weaver"", ""spotted-backed weaver"", ""spot-backed weaver"", and ""V-marked weaver"". Statius Muller gave it the German name ""Rappendrossel"", and Brisson named the bird ""Le Pincon du Senegal"", in French, and ""Fringilla"
"writers to believe that variants of the bird were found on Madagascar and the Cape of Africa; they were thought to be hoopoes of the genus ""Upupa"", which received names such as ""Upupa capensis"" and ""Upupa madagascariensis"". A number of authors also allied the bird with groups such as birds-of-paradise, bee-eaters, cowbirds, Icteridae, and choughs, resulting in its reassignment to other genera with new names, such as ""Coracia cristata"" and ""Pastor upupa"". In 1831, René-Primevère Lesson placed the bird in its own monotypic genus, ""Fregilipus"", a composite of ""Upupa"" and ""Fregilus"", the latter a defunct genus name of the chough."
"do with his efforts, and not even American. Linnaeus had to be pushed to name a plant after Garden, and eventually Ellis persuaded him to use ""Gardenia"" as a name for the Cape jasmine, also known as Cape jessamine. His zoological interests led Garden to write about cochineal insects and about the Greater Siren, (""Sirena lacertina""), once called the mud iguana. One of Garden's sirens is still in the London Natural History Museum, pickled in a jar. As a doctor, he used his scientific knowledge in the smallpox epidemic in Charleston in 1760 when he inoculated over 2000 people, and"
"was initially described as ""Amphrisius australis"" by Swainson in 1851, and described a second time as ""Papilio richmondia"" by Gray in 1853. An application needs to be made to the ICZN to suppress ""A. australis"", as ""richmondia"" has been the most commonly used epithet since either publication. Since its initial descriptions, ""O. richmondia"" has commonly been treated as a subspecies of the widespread Priam's birdwing (""O. priamus""). Although Zeuner suggested that ""O. richmondia"" may represent a distinct species from examination of the male genitalia, he continued to regard it as a subspecies of ""O. priamus"". Based on Zeuner's argument, D'Abrera"
"words ""turdus"", ""thrush"", and ""torquatus"", ""collared"". The adult male is all black except for a white crescent on the breast and a yellowish bill. The wings have a silvery appearance due to white feather edgings. The male sings its loud and mournful song from trees or rocks. The female is similar but duller, and younger birds often lack the breast crescent. The juvenile has brown plumage. This species was first described by Linnaeus in his ""Systema naturae"" in 1758 under its current scientific name. It breeds in the higher regions of western and central Europe and also in the Caucasus"
"call. The common English name dates from the 17th century and comes from Lombard language ""gargenei"", the plural of ""garganell"", which ultimately comes from the Late Latin ""gargala"" ""tracheal artery"". The English usage owes its origins to Conrad Gesner who used the Italian name in the third volume of his ""Historiae Animalium"" (History of Animals) of 1555. The adult male is unmistakable, with its brown head and breast with a broad white crescent over the eye. The rest of the plumage is grey, with loose grey scapular feathers It has a grey bill and legs. In flight it shows a"
"as found in ""P. miocaenus"" and the New Zealand specimen are apomorphic, the latter two may indeed be very close relatives. Four species have been formally described, but several other named taxa of pseudotooth birds might belong in ""Pelagornis"" too. The type species ""Pelagornis miocaenus"" is known from Aquitanian (Early Miocene) sediments – formerly believed to be of Middle Miocene age – of Armagnac (France). The original specimen on which ""P. miocaenus"" was founded was a left humerus almost the size of a human arm. The scientific name – ""the most unimaginative name ever applied to a fossil"" in the"
"report is thought to be the first account of a fungus in North America. It was first characterized scientifically by French scientist Jean Pierre François Camille Montagne in 1856, who called it ""Corynites elegans"". The genus name ""Mutinus"" refers to the Roman phallic deity Mutunus Tutunus, one of the ""di indigetes"" placated by Roman brides. The species is commonly known variously as the ""elegant stinkhorn"", the ""headless stinkhorn"", the ""dog stinkhorn"", or the ""devil's dipstick"". The specific epithet ""elegans"" is derived from the Latin word meaning ""graceful"" or ""elegant"". The young fruiting bodies are initially white and spherical or egg-shaped,"
"the song can be heard at the USGS web site here (MP3) or at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology web site here. The dark-eyed junco was described by Linnaeus in his 1758 ""Systema naturae"" as ""Fringilla hyemalis"". The description consisted merely of the laconic remark """"F[ringilla] nigra, ventre albo."" (""A black 'finch' with white belly""), a reference to a source, and a statement that it came from ""America"". Linnaeus' source was Mark Catesby who described the slate-colored junco before binomial nomenclature as his ""snow-bird"", ""moineau de neige"" or ""passer nivalis"" (""snow sparrow"") thus: ""The Bill of this Bird is white:"