"1612 rape trial in which her fingers were crushed to force her to tell the truth. See also these other self-portraits by Gentileschi: Previously, the painting had been in a French private collection and was sold at Hôtel Drouot in Paris on 19 December 2017 for €2.4m. The €1.9m high hammer price was well above the original estimate of €300,000-€400,000. The former price record for one of her paintings was made in 2014 with the sale of her ""Mary Magdalene in Ecstasy"". Self-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria Self-Portrait as Saint Catherine of Alexandria is a 1615–1617 painting by the"
"saints were all illustrative of martyrdom, austerity or spiritual struggle. Thomas Becket, murdered on the orders of Henry II, one of Haughmond's major benefactors, was a martyr whose cult at Canterbury was the focus for medieval England's most important pilgrimage. Catherine of Alexandria, seen as a virgin martyr, is portrayed with her wheel of martyrdom, taking revenge on the Emperor Maxentius. John the Baptist, closely associated with asceticism and speaking truth to power, and a Biblical type for Becket, clutches the lamb and flag symbol of the Agnus Dei. He is accompanied by Margaret of Antioch, who is spearing a"
"and as rescuing Christian slaves from Saracens. Mark the Evangelist Saint Mark the Evangelist (; ; """"; ; ; ; ) is the traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark. Mark is said to have founded the Church of Alexandria, one of the most important episcopal sees of Early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion. According to William Lane (1974), an ""unbroken tradition"" identifies Mark the Evangelist with John Mark, and John Mark as the cousin of Barnabas. However, Hippolytus of Rome in ""On the Seventy Apostles"" distinguishes Mark"
"Angels from Torture on the Wheel. On the opposite wall from the St. George frescoes are four scenes from the lives of Saint Lucy and Saint Catherine of Alexandria. St. Catherine is shown in one painting in her martyrdom tied to the breaking wheel that, according to legend, was destroyed at her touch, while an angel flies overhead. Like St. George, St. Catherine is also shown in the moments before she was beheaded for protesting the persecution of Christians. In her fresco, she kneels on the ground with her hands together in prayer. A man stands behind her, sword raised"
"to the wheel” is a mild curse. It is seldom used now. Medieval hagiographies, such as the ""Legenda sanctorum"", record that St. Catherine of Alexandria was executed on one of these devices for refusing to renounce her Christian belief, which thereafter became known as the ""Catherine wheel"", also used as her iconographic attribute. It is said the wheel miraculously broke when she touched it; she was then beheaded. As an attribute it is usually shown broken in a small version beside her, or sometimes as a miniature she holds in her hand; the sword then used is also often shown."
"gold St. Catherine's Wheel with silver spikes, symbol of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the patroness of the Diocese. On a rocky mountain, covered with sharp spines, is a secretary bird throttling, with its right talon , a snake. On base is a long-stemmed lily, symbol of St. Joseph, second patron Saint of the Diocese. The rocky and spine-covered mountain is Mount Canlaon, which is also called Mount Malaspina, after a Spanish scientist. The Malapina Family in Italy, especially that of the ""Del Spino Secco"" branch, has a leafless thorn branch in its coat-of-arms. DUMAGUETE comes from the world MANALAGUIT, a"
"dedicated to this industry only, the ""Drahtmuseum"". See also: Burgrock The coat of arms shows Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of the church built in 1310. She is depicted with a sword and a wheel, as she was killed in 307 by these two items. The choice of patron saint goes back to a vow made by Count Engelbert III of the Mark made at the burial place of Catherine in Jerusalem. The red and white checked fess refers to the coat of arms of the Counts of the Mark. The coat of arms is quite old: a seal"
"Mark the Evangelist Saint Mark the Evangelist (; ; """"; ; ; ; ) is the traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark. Mark is said to have founded the Church of Alexandria, one of the most important episcopal sees of Early Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on April 25, and his symbol is the winged lion. According to William Lane (1974), an ""unbroken tradition"" identifies Mark the Evangelist with John Mark, and John Mark as the cousin of Barnabas. However, Hippolytus of Rome in ""On the Seventy Apostles"" distinguishes Mark the Evangelist (2 Tim 4:11), John Mark"
"Alexios entered Trebizond may be narrowed down even further. Sergey Karpov has identified a lead seal of Alexios, on one side ""the image of a strategos in the peaked helmet leaded by hand by St. George"" with the inscriptions Ἀλέξιος ὁ Κομνηνός [Alexios Komnenos] and Ὁ Ἅ(γιος) Γεώργιος [Saint George] on either side; on the obverse is a scene of Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνάστασις [The Holy Resurrection] with the corresponding inscription. Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter Trebizond and opening"
"of Cappadocia. According to Ammianus Marcellinus, his death encouraged the people of Alexandria to kill George, but this information is probably false, because George was already dead before his trial. He is recognized as a saint for his martyrdom; his feast day was set as 20 October. His cult site was as the Church of Saint John the Forerunning (St John the Baptist) in Constantinople. St Artemius is invoked by those suffering from hernias. Artemius Artemius (d. in Antioch, 362), known as Challita in the Maronite tradition, was a general of the Roman Empire, ""dux Aegypti"" (imperial prefect of Roman"
"Cyriacus Cyriacus (fl. 303 AD), sometimes Anglicized as Cyriac, according to Christian tradition, is a Christian martyr who was killed in the persecution of Diocletian. He is one of twenty-seven saints, most of them martyrs, who bear this name, of whom only seven are honoured by a specific mention of their names in the Roman Martyrology. Of the Saint Cyriacus who, together with Saints Largus and Smaragdus and others (of whom Crescentianus, Memmia and Juliana are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology), is venerated on 8 August, all that is known with certainty, apart from their names and the fact of"
"Saint Apollonia (Artemisia Gentileschi) Saint Apollonia is a painting attributed to the Italian baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi executed between 1642 and 1644. It is part of the collection of the Museo Soumaya in Mexico City, Mexico. The painting depicts Saint Appolonia, a martyr who died in Alexandria during an uprising against Christians in the thirteenth century. The portrait shows the saint from the waist up, against a dark background, looking up, as if skyward. Her left hand extended upward, while her right hand is carrying a pair of tweezers with a tooth, an iconographic attribute that helps identify her as"
"Sacred Relic of Saint George The sacred relic of Saint George was one of the most famous of relics, after the True Cross and Holy Lance, and was the arm of the Saint George (d. 303), ordered killed by the Roman Emperor Diocletian for his failure to renounce his faith in Christ. George, a secondary patron saint of the First Crusade, played a significant role and provided other relics, as the occupation of his tomb at Lydda (now Lod, Israel) marked the first Latin bishop of Israel as well as a service to ask for his intervention. The arm was"
"an almond in the upper part; and a group of four saints above a hilly landscape in the lower one. The saints are, from the left: the Archangel Michael (with a decorated armor), Catherine of Alexandria (with her traditional attributed of the torture wheel), Apollonia (with the pincer of her martyrdom) and John the Evangelist, who has the Tetramorph eagle). Perugino's signature (""PETRUS PERUSINUS PINXIT"") can be seen on Catherine's wheel. Madonna in Glory with Saints The Madonna in Glory with Saints is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Pietro Perugino, dating to c. 1500–1501. It is housed in"
"to legend, the apostle and martyr Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland, was crucified on an X-shaped cross at Patras (Patrae) in Achaea. Use of the familiar iconography of his martyrdom, showing the apostle bound to an X-shaped cross, first appears in the Kingdom of Scotland in 1180 during the reign of William I. This image was again depicted on seals used during the late 13th century; including on one particular example used by the Guardians of Scotland, dated 1286. Use of a simplified symbol associated with Saint Andrew which does not depict his image, namely the saltire, or"
"Saint George Saint George (, ""Geṓrgios""; ; d. 23 April 303) was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalo-martyrs in Christianity, and was especially venerated by the Crusaders. In hagiography, as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and one of the most prominent military saints, he is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. His memorial, Saint George's Day, is traditionally celebrated on 23 April."
"Saint George Saint George (, ""Geṓrgios""; ; d. 23 April 303) was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith. He became one of the most venerated saints and megalo-martyrs in Christianity, and was especially venerated by the Crusaders. In hagiography, as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers and one of the most prominent military saints, he is immortalised in the legend of Saint George and the Dragon. His memorial, Saint George's Day, is traditionally celebrated on 23 April."
"was martyred by beheading in Jerusalem in 44 AD. According to Spanish legends, he had spent time preaching the gospel in Spain, but returned to Judaea upon seeing a vision of the Virgin Mary on the bank of the Ebro River. From its connection to the Camino, the scallop shell came to represent pilgrimage, both to a specific shrine as well as heaven, recalling Hebrews 11:13, identifying that Christians ""are pilgrims and strangers on the earth"". As the symbol of the Camino de Santiago, the shell is seen very frequently along the trails. The shell is seen on posts and"
"fields. It is more likely that the wheel refers to Saint Martin, the patron of both the city itself and of Mainz Cathedral. Insignia dating from 1300 depict the saint with both wheels. Moreover, the Archbishops of Mainz were sometimes referred to as the ""currum dei aurigantes"" (""Drivers of God's Chariot"") and the ""currum ecclesiae Moguntinae aurigantes"" (""Charioteers of the Church of Mainz""), to which the wheels may well also be a reference. Other theories see the wheel as either: Due to the power wielded by the Elector until 1803, the Wheel of Mainz was recognized across a vast territory,"
"Theodosia of Constantinople Saint Theodosia of Constantinople () is an Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Saint and Martyr who lived in the seventh and eight centuries. Theodosia was a nun living at a monastery in Constantinople. On January 19, 729, at the very beginning of the iconoclastic persecutions, the Emperor Leo III the Isaurian ordered that an icon of Christ which stood over the Chalke Gate of the imperial palace be removed. While an officer was executing the order, a group of women gathered to prevent the operation. Among them was Theodosia, who shook the ladder strongly until the officer"
"Erasmus of Formia Saint Erasmus of Formia, also known as Saint Elmo, was a Christian saint and martyr, who died c. 303. He is venerated as the patron saint of Sailors and abdominal pain. St Erasmus or Elmo is also one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, saintly figures of Christian tradition who were venerated especially as intercessors. The ""Acts of Saint Elmo"" were partly compiled from legends that confuse him with a Syrian bishop Erasmus of Antioch. Jacobus de Voragine in the ""Golden Legend"" credited him as a bishop at Formia over all the Italian Campania, as a hermit on"
"extensive damage, but might have been an ""N"". St. Catherine of Alexandria (St. Justine or Padua?)- Initial R Depicting a noble saint, this miniature features a female figure that has been identified as St. Catherine. However this cannot be proved as there seem to be no adequate emblems in the illustration to fully distinguish this saint from St. Justine and St. Catherine. The figure holds an open book in her hands and also has a sword lodged within her chest, with the palm of martyrdom bearing some fruit that is likely dates. St. Catherine's legend has her tortured on a"
"Polyeuctus Saint Polyeuctus (also Polyeuctes, Polyeuktos) of Melitene (died January 10, 259) is an ancient Roman saint. Christian tradition states that he was a wealthy Roman army officer who was martyred at Melitene, Armenia, under Valerian. Symeon Metaphrastes writes that, moved by the zeal of his friend Saint Nearchus, Polyeuctus had openly converted to Christianity. ""Enflamed with zeal, St Polyeuctus went to the city square, and tore up the edict of Decius which required everyone to worship idols. A few moments later, he met a procession carrying twelve idols through the streets of the city. He dashed the idols to"
"Mark the Evangelist is considered the founder of the See, and the Patriarchate's emblem is the Lion of Saint Mark. The head bishop of the Patriarchate of Alexandria is the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa. His full title is """"His Most Divine Beatitude the Pope and Patriarch of the Great City of Alexandria, Libya, Pentapolis, Ethiopia, all the land of Egypt, and all Africa, Father of Fathers, Shepherd of Shepherds, Prelate of Prelates, thirteenth of the Apostles, and Judge of the Œcumene"""". Like the Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria, he"
"Saints lived under the iconoclastic period, is unverified. Andrew of Crete (martyr) ""For the archbishop of the same name, see Andrew of Crete."" Saint Andrew of Crete is a martyr of the Christian Church. A fervent iconophile, he was executed in the Forum Bovis of Constantinople at the orders of Emperor Constantine V in 766 or 767, during the Byzantine Iconoclasm. His feast day is October 17. The monastery of St Andrew in Krisei in Constantinople, currently the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Istanbul, was dedicated to him. It should be noticed that according to modern sources, the figure of"
"a somewhat modified form St. Catherine of Alexandria, whose symbol is a broken wheel. On the icon, however, she dominated in her hands a sword who was beheaded. The middle panel of the altar triptych from the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Jánovciach the late 17th century was replaced by a new altar. Furthermore, it served as a side altar in the same church. In 1934, it was purchased by the Slovak homeland museum in Bratislava. In 1957, it was transferred to the collections of the Slovak National Gallery, taking over from the painter Peter Kern"
"Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred. The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England in the 16th century, and now is part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as well as the Flag of the Republic of Georgia. In 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots, accused of treason against Queen Elizabeth I, wore a red shirt at her execution, to proclaim that she was an innocent martyr. The Thin Red Line was a famous incident in the Battle of Balaclava (1854) during the Crimean War, when a thin line of Scottish Highlander infantry,"
"Baucalis Baucalis (or Boukolou, Baukalis) is a section in Alexandria, Egypt where St. Mark was reported to have been martyred, along with the historic location of his martyrium. It is also where Arius (Greek: Ἄρειος, AD 250 or 256–336) was a Christian presbyter and priest. Coptic Church tradition holds that the city of Alexandria was evangelized for the first time by St. Mark. The first Christians there built a church for Mark at Baucalis. According to tradition, St. Mark was attacked by a crowd of pagans on Easter Sunday 68 AD in the Church at Baucalis, dragged through the streets"
"servants. All three saints who present the kneeling Richard to the Virgin and Child are believed to have been venerated by the king, as each has his own chapel in Westminster Abbey. Each saint holds the symbolic attribute by which they are recognised in art. Edmund the Martyr, who stands to the left, holds the arrow which killed him in 869, while Edward the Confessor, at the centre, holds the ring he gave to a pilgrim who transpired to be the disguised John the Evangelist. John the Baptist (right) holds his symbol, the Lamb of God. The scene makes reference"
"Leonides of Alexandria St. Leonides of Alexandria (Greek: ) was a Christian martyr who lived in the 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD. According to the Christian historian Eusebius, Leonides' son was the early Church father Origen. In the same passage Eusebius tells us that Leonides was martyred during the persecution of the Roman emperor Septimius Severus in the year 202 AD. Condemned to death by the Egyptian prefect Lactus, he was beheaded, and his property seized. The name of Leonides' wife is unknown, but she bore at least six children after Origen. Porphyry, a Neoplatonist, claims Origen's parents were"
"her converts (including the empress) and ordered that Catherine herself be put to death on a spiked wheel. The wheel reportedly shattered the moment Catherine touched it. Maximus then had her beheaded. She became patron saint of libraries and librarians, as well as teachers, archivists, and all those associated with wisdom and teaching, and all those whose livelihoods depended upon wheels. The year of her martyrdom was traditionally held to have been 305, (the year of a major persecution of Christians under Galerius), and her feastday was celebrated on 25 November. In 1969 the Church, persuaded by the overwhelming opinion"
"Theodore Stratelates Theodore Stratelates (; ), also known as Theodore of Heraclea (), is a martyr and Warrior Saint venerated with the title Great-martyr in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Catholic and Roman Catholic Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches . There is much confusion between him and St. Theodore of Amasea and they were in fact probably the same person, whose legends later diverged into two separate traditions. Theodore came from the city of Euchaita in Asia Minor. He killed a giant serpent living on a precipice in the outskirts of Euchaita. The serpent had terrored the countryside. Theodore armed"
"Andrew Stratelates Andrew Stratelates, also known as Andrew the Tribune (Greek: Ἀνδρέας ὁ Στρατηλάτης, tr. Andréas o Stratelátes) or Andrew the Commander is a 3rd-century Roman soldier who is commemorated with his 2,593 soldiers as martyrs by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church on 19 August. Little is known about his early life except that he was a Syrian by birth and a military commander in the Roman army during the reign of emperor Maximian (284–305). When a large Persian army invaded the Syrian territories, the governor Antiochus entrusted St. Andrew with the command of the Roman"