"and Christian philosophy). The architecture of the building was inspired by the work of Bramante, who, according to Vasari, helped Raphael with the architecture in the picture. (The resulting architecture was similar to the then new St. Peter's Basilica.) There are two sculptures in the background. The one on the left is the god Apollo, god of light, archery and music, holding a lyre. The sculpture on the right is Athena, goddess of wisdom, in her Roman guise as Minerva. The main arch, above the characters, shows a meander (also known as a Greek fret or Greek key design), a"
"Minerva frequently features in statuary, as an image on seals, and in other forms at educational institutions. Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor."
"Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor. Jupiter forcefully impregnated the titaness Metis, which resulted in her attempting to change shape (or shapeshift) to"
"Philosophy appears only in the ""maturity of reality,"" because it understands in hindsight. Owl of Athena In Greek mythology, a little owl (""Athene noctua"") traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom, or Minerva, her syncretic incarnation in Roman mythology. Because of such association, the bird — often referred to as the ""owl of Athena"" or the ""owl of Minerva"" — has been used as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom, perspicacity and erudition throughout the Western world. The reasons for the association of Athena and the owl are uncertain. Some mythographers, such as David Kinsley and Martin P."
"Pompeia Plotina Pompeia Plotina Claudia Phoebe Piso or Pompeia Plotina (d. 121/122) was a Roman Empress and wife of Roman Emperor Trajan. She was renowned for her interest in philosophy, and her virtue, dignity and simplicity. She was particularly devoted to the Epicurean philosophical school in Athens, Greece. She is often viewed as having provided Romans with fairer taxation, improved education, assisted the poor, and created tolerance in Roman society. Plotina was born and was raised in Tejada la Vieja (Escacena del Campo) in the province of Hispania, possibly during the reign of Roman Emperor Nero (r. 54–68). However, she"
"Metis (mythology) Metis (; Greek: Μῆτις - ""wisdom,"" ""skill,"" or ""craft""), in ancient Greek religion, was a mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans. By the era of Greek philosophy in the 5th century BC, Metis had become the mother of wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted ""magical cunning"" and was as easily equated with the trickster powers of Prometheus as with the ""royal ""metis"""" of Zeus. The Stoic commentators allegorised Metis as the embodiment of ""prudence"", ""wisdom"" or ""wise counsel"", in which form she was inherited by the Renaissance. The Greek word ""metis"" meant"
"she was deified. Hadrian built a temple in her honor at Nîmes, in Provence. Pompeia Plotina Pompeia Plotina Claudia Phoebe Piso or Pompeia Plotina (d. 121/122) was a Roman Empress and wife of Roman Emperor Trajan. She was renowned for her interest in philosophy, and her virtue, dignity and simplicity. She was particularly devoted to the Epicurean philosophical school in Athens, Greece. She is often viewed as having provided Romans with fairer taxation, improved education, assisted the poor, and created tolerance in Roman society. Plotina was born and was raised in Tejada la Vieja (Escacena del Campo) in the province"
"generally considered to be a devotion to Athena, the goddess of wisdom and namesake and guardian deity of the city of Athens. It is unclear whether it was a name given at birth, an epithet for adoration of the goddess, or a nickname given for ""looking for wisdom."" The use of epithets as a name was common: for example, Plato himself had the birth name Aristocles, according to Diogenes, but he was called ""wide"" (""platon"") for his physical build or the breadth of his virtues. Glaucon and at least one of his brothers fought against the Megarians in the Battle"
"Wisdom. In Constantinople, under Emperor Justinian, Hagia Sophia (""Holy Wisdom"") was rebuilt, consecrated in 538, and became a model for many other Byzantine churches. In the Latin Church, however, ""the Word"" or ""Logos"" came through more clearly than ""the Wisdom"" of God as a central, high title of Christ. In the theology of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Holy Wisdom is understood as the Divine Logos who became incarnate as Jesus Christ; this belief being sometimes also expressed in some Eastern Orthodox icons. In the Divine Liturgy of the Orthodox Church, the exclamation ""Sophia!"" or in English ""Wisdom!"" will be proclaimed"
"an unsuccessful attempt to prevent her birth. By a process of folk etymology, the Romans could have linked her foreign name to the root ""men-"" in Latin words such as ""mens"" meaning ""mind"", perhaps because one of her aspects as goddess pertained to the intellectual. The word ""mens"" is built from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*men-"" 'mind' (linked with memory as in Greek Mnemosyne/μνημοσύνη and ""mnestis""/μνῆστις: memory, remembrance, recollection, ""manush"" in Sanskrit meaning mind). The Etruscan Menrva was part of a holy triad with Tinia and Uni, equivalent to the Roman Capitoline Triad of Jupiter-Juno-Minerva. As a patron goddess of wisdom,"
"and wisdom is not so easily found, there is also made a distinction between the worldly wisdom and true wisdom. In the psychological literature however the construct of wisdom does not have a commonly accepted definition. The ancient Greeks considered wisdom to be an important virtue, personified as the goddesses Metis and Athena. Athena is said to have sprung from the head of Zeus. She was portrayed as strong, fair, merciful, and chaste. To Socrates and Plato, philosophy was literally the love of Wisdom (philo-sophia). This permeates Plato's dialogues, especially ""The Republic"", in which the leaders of his proposed utopia"
"of this system of prediction, listed a total of 97 Arabic Parts, which were widely used for astrological consultations. Fortuna Fortuna (, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the goddess of fortune and the personification of luck in Roman religion. Fortuna is often depicted with a gubernaculum (ship's rudder), a ball or Rota Fortunae (wheel of fortune) and a cornucopia (horn of plenty). She might bring good or bad luck: she could be represented as veiled and blind, as in modern depictions of Lady Justice, except that Fortuna does not hold a balance. Fortuna came to represent life's capriciousness."
"Disciplina In Roman mythology, Disciplina was a minor deity and the personification of discipline. The word ""disciplina"" itself, a Latin noun, is multi-faceted in meaning; it refers to education and training, self-control and determination, knowledge in a field of study, and an orderly way of life. The goddess embodied these qualities for her worshippers. She was commonly worshipped by imperial Roman soldiers, particularly those who lived along the borders of the Roman Empire; altars to her have been found in Great Britain and North Africa. The fort of Cilurnum along Hadrian's Wall was dedicated to the goddess Disciplina, as witnessed"
"Veritas In Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning ""truth"", is the goddess of truth, a daughter of Chronos, the God of Time (who has been identified with Saturn-Cronus, perhaps first by Plutarch), and the mother of Virtus. She is also sometimes considered the daughter of Zeus, or a creation of Prometheus. The elusive goddess is said to have hidden in the bottom of a holy well. She is depicted both as a virgin dressed in white and as the ""naked truth"" (""nuda veritas"") holding a hand mirror. Veritas is also the name given to the Roman virtue of truthfulness, which was considered"
"and Minerva. Menrva Menrva (also spelled Menerva) was an Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom, and medicine. She contributed much of her character to Roman Minerva, when that culture evolved. She was the child of Uni and Tinia. Although Menrva was seen by Hellenized Etruscans as their counterpart to Greek Athena, Menrva has some unique traits that make it clear that she was not an import from Greece. Etruscan artists under the influence of Greek culture, however, liked to portray Menrva with Gorgoneion, helmet, spear, and shield, and, on one mirrorback, as bursting from the head of her father, Tinia."
"is a warning against distrust and isolationism, even selfishness. Athena, though also a goddess of prosperity, is primarily the goddess of wisdom, and her owl symbolizes secret knowledge and scholarship. Perhaps due to their shared geography, the Greco-Roman interpretation is paralleled in Roman Catholic iconography, in which St. Jerome, most famed for editing the New Testament, is often (though not always) depicted with an owl as a symbol of wisdom and scholarship. Depending on the tribe, Native American religious iconography attributes a wide range of attributes to the owl, both positive and negative, as do the Ainu and Russian cultures,"
"Salus Salus (, ""safety"", ""salvation"", ""welfare"") was a Roman goddess. She was the goddess of safety and well-being (welfare, health and prosperity) of both the individual and the state. She is sometimes equated with the Greek goddess Hygieia, though her functions differ considerably. Salus is one of the most ancient Roman Goddesses: she is also recorded once as ""Salus Semonia"", a fact that might hint to her belonging to the category of the ""Semones"", such as god ""Semo Sancus Dius Fidius"". This view though is disputed among scholars. The issue is discussed in the section below. The two gods had"
"Seat of Wisdom In Roman Catholic tradition, ""Seat of Wisdom"" or ""Throne of Wisdom"" (translating Latin sedes sapientiae) is one of many devotional titles for Mary, the Mother of God. It refers to her status as the vessel in which the Holy Child was born. In ""Seat of Wisdom"" icons and sculptures, Mary is seated on a throne with the Christ Child on her lap. For the more domestic and intimate iconic representations of Mary with the infant Jesus on her lap, see Madonna and Child. The Roman Catholic Church honors Mary, Seat of Wisdom, with a feast day on"
"followed by Acusilaus and the Orphic tradition, which enthroned Metis side by side with Eros as primal cosmogenic forces. Plato makes ""Poros"", or ""creative ingenuity"", the child of Metis. Stephen Fry mentions this at length in his popular book Mythos. Metis (mythology) Metis (; Greek: Μῆτις - ""wisdom,"" ""skill,"" or ""craft""), in ancient Greek religion, was a mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans. By the era of Greek philosophy in the 5th century BC, Metis had become the mother of wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted ""magical cunning"" and was as easily equated with"
"Holy Wisdom Holy Wisdom (Greek , Latin ""Sancta Sapientia"", Russian ""Holy Sophia, Divine Wisdom"") is a concept in Christian theology. Christian theology received the Old Testament personification of Wisdom (Hebrew ""Chokhmah"") as well as the concept of Wisdom (""Sophia"") from Greek philosophy, especially Platonism. In Christology, Christ the Logos as God the Son was identified with Divine Wisdom from earliest times. The identification of Holy Wisdom with God the Son remains particularly pronounced in Eastern Orthodoxy, while the Latin Rite has placed more emphasis of the identication of God the Son with the Logos. There has also been a minority"
"Allegory of Wisdom and Strength Allegory of Wisdom and Strength or Wisdom and Strength is a painting by Paolo Veronese, created circa 1565 in Venice, Italy and now located in the Frick Collection. It is a large-scale allegorical painting depicting Divine Wisdom personified on the left and Hercules, representing Strength and earthly concerns, on the right. Wisdom gazes heavenward while Hercules looks down on jewels below him. The conflict between divine and mortal affairs is central in this allegorical painting. In the painting, the virtuosity of Divine Wisdom appears to triumph over the earthly desires of Hercules. She is bathed"
"god of wisdom. The Egyptian priest and polymath Imhotep had been deified long after his death and therefore assimilated to Thoth in the classical and Hellenistic periods. The renowned scribe Amenhotep and a wise man named Teôs were coequal deities of wisdom, science, and medicine; and, thus, they were placed alongside Imhotep in shrines dedicated to Thoth–Hermes during the Ptolemaic Kingdom. A Mycenaean Greek reference to a deity or semi-deity called ""ti-ri-se-ro-e"" (Linear B: ; ""Tris Hḗrōs"", ""thrice ""or"" triple hero"") was found on two Linear B clay tablets at Pylos and could be connected to the later epithet ""thrice"
"Mercury (mythology) Mercury (; Latin: ""Mercurius"" ) is a major god in Roman religion and mythology, being one of the Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon. He is the god of financial gain, commerce, eloquence, messages, communication (including divination), travelers, boundaries, luck, trickery and thieves; he also serves as the guide of souls to the underworld. He was considered the son of Maia, who was a daughter of the Titan Atlas, and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is possibly related to the Latin word ""merx"" (""merchandise""; cf. ""merchant"", ""commerce"", etc.), ""mercari"" (""to trade""), and ""merces"" (""wages""); another possible"
"as an esoteric wisdom doctrine, and said that the ""Wisdom"" referred to was ""an emanation of the Divine principle"" typified by ""...some goddesses—Metis, Neitha, Athena, the Gnostic Sophia..."" Since the 1970s, Sophia has also been invoked as a goddess in Dianic Wicca and related currents of feminist spirituality. The 1979 installation artwork ""The Dinner Party"" features a place setting for Sophia. There is a monumental sculpture of Holy Wisdom depicted as a ""goddess"" in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria (the city itself is named after Saint Sofia Church). The sculpture was erected in 2000 to replace a statue of Lenin."
"Juno (mythology) Juno (; , ) was an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. A daughter of Saturn, she is the wife of Jupiter and the mother of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas. She is the Roman equivalent of Hera, queen of the gods in Greek mythology; like Hera, her sacred animal was the peacock. Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome. As the patron goddess of Rome and the Roman Empire, Juno was called (""Queen"") and was a member of the Capitoline Triad (""Juno"
"attribute of several Greek and Roman deities, particularly those associated with the harvest, prosperity, or spiritual abundance, such as personifications of Earth (Gaia or Terra); the child Plutus, god of riches and son of the grain goddess Demeter; the nymph Maia; and Fortuna, the goddess of luck, who had the power to grant prosperity. In Roman Imperial cult, abstract Roman deities who fostered peace ""(pax Romana)"" and prosperity were also depicted with a cornucopia, including Abundantia, ""Abundance"" personified, and Annona, goddess of the grain supply to the city of Rome. Hades, the classical ruler of the underworld in the mystery"
"Athena Athena or Athene, often given the epithet Pallas, is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, handicraft, and warfare, who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva. Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across Greece, particularly the city of Athens, from which she most likely received her name. She is usually shown in art wearing a helmet and holding a spear. Her major symbols include owls, olive trees, snakes, and the Gorgoneion. From her origin as an Aegean palace goddess, Athena was closely associated with the city. She was known as ""Polias"" and"
"Sophia (wisdom) Sophia ( ""sophía"" ""wisdom"") is a central idea in Hellenistic philosophy and religion, Platonism, Gnosticism, and Christian theology. Originally carrying a meaning of ""cleverness, skill"", the later meaning of the term, close to the meaning of ""Phronesis"" (""wisdom, intelligence""), was significantly shaped by the term ""philosophy"" (""love of ""sophia"""") as used by Plato. In the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic churches, Holy Wisdom ( ""Hagía Sophía"") is an expression for God the Son (Jesus) in the Trinity (as in the dedication of the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople) and, rarely, for the Holy Spirit. References to ""Sophia"""
"Sophia (wisdom) Sophia ( ""sophía"" ""wisdom"") is a central idea in Hellenistic philosophy and religion, Platonism, Gnosticism, and Christian theology. Originally carrying a meaning of ""cleverness, skill"", the later meaning of the term, close to the meaning of ""Phronesis"" (""wisdom, intelligence""), was significantly shaped by the term ""philosophy"" (""love of ""sophia"""") as used by Plato. In the Eastern Orthodox and the Catholic churches, Holy Wisdom ( ""Hagía Sophía"") is an expression for God the Son (Jesus) in the Trinity (as in the dedication of the church of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople) and, rarely, for the Holy Spirit. References to ""Sophia"""
"Salutaris"" or ""Lake of Health"". Juvenal regretted an earlier phase of architectural elaboration: Egeria (mythology) Egeria () was a nymph attributed a legendary role in the early history of Rome as a divine consort and counselor of Numa Pompilius, the second Sabine king of Rome, to whom she imparted laws and rituals pertaining to ancient Roman religion. Her name is used as an eponym for a female advisor or counselor. Egeria may predate Roman myth: she could have been of Italic origin in the sacred forest of Aricia in Latium, her immemorial site, which was equally the grove of Diana"
"of Wisdom and Strength"" is a painting by Paolo Veronese, created circa 1565 in Venice. It is a large-scale allegorical painting depicting Divine Wisdom personified on the left and Hercules, representing Strength and earthly concerns, on the right. A goddess ""Sophia"" was introduced into Anthroposophy by its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in his book ""The Goddess: From Natura to Divine Sophia"" and a later compilation of his writings titled ""Isis Mary Sophia."" Sophia also figures prominently in Theosophy, a spiritual movement which Anthroposophy was closely related to. Helena Blavatsky, the founder of Theosophy, described it in her essay ""What is Theosophy?"""
"by an extant dedicatory inscription on a stone altar found in 1978. Her chief virtues were ""frugalitas, severitas"" and ""fidelis""—frugality, sternness, and faithfulness. In worshiping Disciplina, a soldier became frugal in every way: with money, with energy and actions. The virtue of ""severitas"" was shown in his focused, determined, not easily dissuaded, and decisive behavior. He was faithful to his unit, his army, the officers and the Roman people. Disciplina In Roman mythology, Disciplina was a minor deity and the personification of discipline. The word ""disciplina"" itself, a Latin noun, is multi-faceted in meaning; it refers to education and training,"
"Menrva Menrva (also spelled Menerva) was an Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom, and medicine. She contributed much of her character to Roman Minerva, when that culture evolved. She was the child of Uni and Tinia. Although Menrva was seen by Hellenized Etruscans as their counterpart to Greek Athena, Menrva has some unique traits that make it clear that she was not an import from Greece. Etruscan artists under the influence of Greek culture, however, liked to portray Menrva with Gorgoneion, helmet, spear, and shield, and, on one mirrorback, as bursting from the head of her father, Tinia. Also, she"