"the family and to its nearest relatives estimated that the family emerged 24 million years ago, older than previous estimates. The study identified five clades within the family, and placed the split between the first clade, which contains the monogamous manucodes and paradise-crow, and all the other birds-of-paradise, to be 10 million years ago. The second clade includes the parotias and the King of Saxony bird-of-paradise. The third clade provisionally contains a number of genera, ""Seleucidis"", the ""Drepanornis"" sicklebills, ""Semioptera"", ""Ptiloris"" and ""Lophorina"", but support values for some of these is inclusions is low. The fourth clade includes the ""Epimachus"""
"Bird-of-paradise The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes. The majority of species are found in eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and eastern Australia. The family has 42 species in 15 genera. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the plumage of the males of the sexually dimorphic species (the majority), in particular the highly elongated and elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail or head. For the most part they are confined to dense rainforest habitat. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent arthropods."
"Paradisaea The genus Paradisaea consists of seven species of birds-of-paradise (family Paradisaeidae). The genus is found on the island of New Guinea as well as the nearby islands groups of the Aru Islands, D'Entrecasteaux Islands and West Papua Islands. The species inhabit a range of forest types from sea level to mid-montane forests. Several species have highly restricted distributions, and all species have disjunct distributions. A 2009 study examining the mitochondrial DNA of the family found that the ""Paradisaea"" birds-of-paradise were in a clade with the genus ""Cicinnurus"". It showed that the blue bird-of-paradise was a sister taxon to all"
"many specimens of animals and birds including the great, king, twelve-wired, superb, red and six-shafted birds of paradise. Hunting to provide plumes for the millinery trade was extensive in the late 19th and early 20th century, but today the birds enjoy legal protection and hunting is only permitted at a sustainable level to fulfill the ceremonial needs of the local tribal population. In the case of ""Pteridophora"" plumes, scavenging from old bowerbird bowers is encouraged. Bird-of-paradise The birds-of-paradise are members of the family Paradisaeidae of the order Passeriformes. The majority of species are found in eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,"
"Ptiloris The genus Ptiloris consists of four allopatric species of birds in the Paradisaeidae family. These birds of paradise are commonly known as riflebirds, so named for the likeness of their black velvety plumage to the uniform of the Rifle Brigade. Alternatively, the bird’s cry is similar to a rifle being fired and hitting its target but a call like this is not commonly reported (see Behaviour and Ecology). They are distributed in the rainforests of New Guinea and Eastern Australia. The four species of riflebirds are part of the bird-of-paradise family, Paradisaeidae, in the order Passeriformes (songbirds). ""Ptiloris"" [pronounced"
"King bird-of-paradise The king bird-of-paradise (""Cicinnurus regius"") is a passerine bird of the Paradisaeidae (Bird-of-paradise) family. It is the sole member of the genus ""Cicinnurus"". The king bird-of-paradise is distributed throughout lowland forests of New Guinea and nearby islands. The diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods. An extraordinary courtship display is performed by the male with a series of tail swinging, fluffing of the white abdominal feathers that makes the bird look like a cottonball, and acrobatic movements of their elongated tail wires. Widespread and a common species throughout their large habitat range, the king bird-of-paradise is evaluated as"
"sicklebills, ""Paradigalla"" and the astrapias. The final clade includes the ""Cicinnurus"" and the ""Paradisaea"" birds-of-paradise. The exact limits of the family have been the subject of revision as well. The three species of satinbird (the genera ""Cnemophilus"" and ""Loboparadisea"") were treated as a subfamily of the birds-of-paradise, Cnemophilinae. In spite of differences in the mouth, foot morphology and nesting habits they remained in the family until a 2000 study moved them to a separate family closer to the berrypeckers and longbills (Melanocharitidae). The same study found that the Macgregor's bird-of-paradise was actually a member of the large Australasian honeyeater family."
"Parotia The parotias are a genus, Parotia, of passerine birds in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae. They are found on New Guinea, to which they are endemic. They are also known as six-plumed birds of paradise, due to their six head quills. These birds were featured prominently in the BBC series ""Planet Earth"". The males of the genus are characterized by an ornamental plumage consisting of six wired head plumes with black oval-shaped tips, a neck collar of black, decomposed feathers which can be spread into a skirt-like shape, and bright or iridescent head and throat markings. During courtship, they perform"
"Greater bird-of-paradise The greater bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea apoda"") is a bird-of-paradise in the genus ""Paradisaea"". Carl Linnaeus named the species ""Paradisaea apoda"", or ""legless bird-of-paradise"", because early trade-skins to reach Europe were prepared without wings or feet by natives; this led to the misconception that these birds were beautiful visitors from paradise that were kept aloft by their plumes and never touched the earth until death. The greater bird-of-paradise is the largest member in the genus ""Paradisaea"", with males measuring up to (excluding the long twin tail wires). The female is smaller, at only . The plumage of this species is"
"Satinbird The satinbirds or cnemophilines, are a family, Cnemophilidae of passerine birds which consists of three species found in the mountain forests of New Guinea. They were originally thought to be part of the birds-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae until genetic research suggested that the birds are not closely related to birds-of-paradise at all and are perhaps closer to berry peckers and longbills (Melanocharitidae). The current evidence suggests that their closest relatives may be the cuckoo-shrikes (Campephagidae). In each of the three species of satinbirds, the male is more brightly colored than the female, which is dull and inconspicuous. The male yellow-breasted"
"In addition to these three species, a number of systematically enigmatic species and genera have been considered potential members of this family. The two species in the genus ""Melampitta"", also from New Guinea, have been linked with the birds-of-paradise, but their relationships remain uncertain, more recently being linked with the Australian mudnesters. The silktail of Fiji has been linked with the birds-of-paradise many times since its discovery, but never formally assigned to the family. Recent molecular evidence now places the species with the fantails. genus: ""Lycocorax"" genus: ""Manucodia"" genus: ""Phonygammus"" genus: ""Paradigalla"" genus: ""Astrapia"" genus: ""Parotia"" genus: ""Pteridophora"" genus: ""Lophorina"""
"before dusk. This mating behavior most commonly occurs between March and May, and again August through December, but can occur during other parts of the year as well. Greater bird-of-paradise The greater bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea apoda"") is a bird-of-paradise in the genus ""Paradisaea"". Carl Linnaeus named the species ""Paradisaea apoda"", or ""legless bird-of-paradise"", because early trade-skins to reach Europe were prepared without wings or feet by natives; this led to the misconception that these birds were beautiful visitors from paradise that were kept aloft by their plumes and never touched the earth until death. The greater bird-of-paradise is the largest member"
"forest clearing. The four species of riflebird are classified as being of “Least Concern” according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The population trends for ""P. paradiseus"" and ""P. victoriae"" are reported as declining but not approaching the threshold for vulnerable status. Ptiloris The genus Ptiloris consists of four allopatric species of birds in the Paradisaeidae family. These birds of paradise are commonly known as riflebirds, so named for the likeness of their black velvety plumage to the uniform of the Rifle Brigade. Alternatively, the bird’s cry is similar to a rifle being fired and hitting its target"
"Maria's bird-of-paradise Maria's bird-of-paradise, also known as Frau Reichenow's bird-of-paradise or Mrs. Reichenow's bird-of-paradise, is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is a presumptive hybrid species between an emperor bird-of-paradise and raggiana bird-of-paradise. It was named for the wife of the describer, German ornithologist Anton Reichenow. Its measurements are largely intermediate between those of the parent taxa. It was named as a supposed new species in 1894 before being largely accepted as a hybrid in the early 20th century. At least six adult male and one female specimens are known, from Sattelberg and the Finisterre Range of the Huon"
"Annobón paradise flycatcher The Annobón paradise flycatcher (""Terpsiphone smithii"") is a medium-sized species of passerine bird in the family Monarchidae. It is endemic to Annobón Island in Equatorial Guinea. The Annobón paradise flycatcher was previously classified with the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae, but the paradise flycatchers, monarch flycatchers and Australasian fantails are now normally grouped with the drongos in the family Dicruridae, which has most of its members in Australasia and tropical southern Asia. Within its genus, the Annobón flycatcher was split from the red-bellied paradise flycatcher in 2009 by the IOC. Some other authorities continue to treat the"
"ornamental plumes. Emperor bird-of-paradise The emperor bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea guilielmi""), also known as emperor of Germany's bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird-of-paradise. The emperor bird-of-paradise is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is distributed in hill forests of the Huon Peninsula. The diet consists mainly of fruits, figs and arthropods. The name commemorates the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, Wilhelm II of Germany. In January 1888, the emperor bird-of-paradise was the last bird-of-paradise discovered by Carl Hunstein, who also found the blue bird-of-paradise on his journeys. These two species, along with the red bird-of-paradise, are the only ""Paradisaea"" that"
"Goldie's bird-of-paradise The Goldie's bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea decora"") is a species of bird-of-paradise. Endemic to Papua New Guinea, the Goldie's bird-of-paradise is distributed in the hill forests of Fergusson and Normanby Island of the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago, eastern Papuan Islands. The diet consists mainly of fruits. The name commemorates the Scottish collector Andrew Goldie, who discovered the bird in 1882. Due to ongoing habitat loss, limited range and overhunting in some areas, the Goldie's bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Goldie's bird-of-paradise is large, approximately 33 cm"
"Paradise flycatcher The paradise flycatchers (Terpsiphone), are a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. The genus ranges across Africa and Asia, as well as a number of islands. A few species are migratory, but the majority are resident. The most telling characteristic of the genus is the long tail streamers of the males of many species. In addition to the long tails the males and females are sexually dimorphic and have rufous, black and white plumage. The genus ""Terpsiphone"" was introduced by the German zoologist Constantin Gloger in 1827. The type species was subsequently designated as the Indian paradise"
"declines of these species. Flowerpecker The flowerpeckers are a family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises two genera, ""Prionochilus"" and ""Dicaeum"", with 44 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarged sunbird family Nectariniidae. The berrypeckers of the family Melanocharitidae and the painted berrypeckers, Paramythiidae, were once lumped into this family as well. The family is distributed through tropical southern Asia and Australasia from India east to the Philippines and south to Australia. The family has a wide range occupying a wide range of environments from sea level to montane habitats. Some species, such as"
"on its tip. The unadorned female is a brown bird with barring below. King bird-of-paradise The king bird-of-paradise (""Cicinnurus regius"") is a passerine bird of the Paradisaeidae (Bird-of-paradise) family. It is the sole member of the genus ""Cicinnurus"". The king bird-of-paradise is distributed throughout lowland forests of New Guinea and nearby islands. The diet consists mainly of fruits and arthropods. An extraordinary courtship display is performed by the male with a series of tail swinging, fluffing of the white abdominal feathers that makes the bird look like a cottonball, and acrobatic movements of their elongated tail wires. Widespread and a"
"Greater lophorina The greater lophorina or greater superb bird-of-paradise (""Lophorina superba"") is a species of the Paradisaeidae (bird-of-paradise) family. It was considered the sole species in the genus until in 2017 it was recognised that there were three species (L. superba, Lophorina minor, and Lophorina niedda). It is a small, approximately 26 cm long, (passerine) bird. The male is black with an iridescent green crown, blue-green breast cover and a long velvety black erectile cape covering his back. The female is a reddish-brown bird with brownish barred buff below. The young is similar to the female. The greater lophorina is"
"Elliot's bird-of-paradise Elliot's bird of paradise is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is presumed to be an intergeneric hybrid between a black sicklebill and Arfak astrapia. This assumption was made by Erwin Stresemann who had also dismissed other new species of birds of paradise as hybrids. A minority of ornithologists dispute this claim; specimens are considerably smaller than the latter two species. Additionally, Stresemann used the ""A. nigra"" x ""E. fastuosus"" explanation for the astrapian sicklebill as well. It was first described by Edward Ward in 1873. Only two adult male specimens are known of this bird, held"
"Red bird-of-paradise The red bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea rubra"", also cendrawasih merah), is a bird-of-paradise in the genus ""Paradisaea"", family Paradisaeidae. Large, up to 33 cm long, brown and yellow with a dark brown iris, grey legs and yellow bill. The male has an emerald green face, a pair of elongated black corkscrew-shaped tail wires, dark green feather pompoms above each eye and a train of glossy crimson red plumes with whitish tips at either side of the breast. The male measures up to 72 cm long, including the ornamental red plumes that require at least six years to fully attain. The"
"Flowerpecker The flowerpeckers are a family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises two genera, ""Prionochilus"" and ""Dicaeum"", with 44 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarged sunbird family Nectariniidae. The berrypeckers of the family Melanocharitidae and the painted berrypeckers, Paramythiidae, were once lumped into this family as well. The family is distributed through tropical southern Asia and Australasia from India east to the Philippines and south to Australia. The family has a wide range occupying a wide range of environments from sea level to montane habitats. Some species, such as the mistletoebird of Australia,"
"Blue bird-of-paradise The blue bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea rudolphi"") is a medium-sized bird-of-paradise. Regarded by some ornithologists as the loveliest of all birds, the blue bird-of-paradise was discovered by Carl Hunstein in 1884. The scientific name commemorates the ill-fated Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. Due to ongoing habitat loss, limited range, small population size and, in some areas, by hunting for its highly prized plumes, the rare blue bird-of-paradise is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. The species is approximately 30 cm long, black with a bluish-white bill, dark"
"Magnificent bird-of-paradise The magnificent bird-of-paradise (""Diphyllodes magnificus"") is a species of bird-of-paradise. The magnificent bird-of-paradise is distributed amongst the hill and mid-mountain forests of New Guinea and surrounding islands. Their diet consists mainly of fruits. Like most members of the family Paradisaeidae, the male is polygamous and performs an elaborate courtship display. A widespread and common species throughout their large range, the magnificent bird-of-paradise is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. They are listed on Appendix II of CITES. The magnificent bird-of-paradise reaches a length of around 26 cm and has an extremely complex"
"where the emperor bird of paradise is found. Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is a hybrid between the emperor bird-of-paradise and lesser bird-of-paradise. The common name commemorates Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode (1804-1878), Dutch trader of naturalia on Ternate. It is known from a single adult male specimen held in the National Natural History Museum in Paris. Its provenance is uncertain; it is said to come from an island in Geelvink Bay, western New Guinea, but was probably purchased as a trade skin there and is more likely to have derived ultimately"
"Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is a hybrid between the emperor bird-of-paradise and lesser bird-of-paradise. The common name commemorates Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode (1804-1878), Dutch trader of naturalia on Ternate. It is known from a single adult male specimen held in the National Natural History Museum in Paris. Its provenance is uncertain; it is said to come from an island in Geelvink Bay, western New Guinea, but was probably purchased as a trade skin there and is more likely to have derived ultimately from the Huon Peninsula of north-eastern New Guinea"
"Emperor bird-of-paradise The emperor bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea guilielmi""), also known as emperor of Germany's bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird-of-paradise. The emperor bird-of-paradise is endemic to Papua New Guinea. It is distributed in hill forests of the Huon Peninsula. The diet consists mainly of fruits, figs and arthropods. The name commemorates the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, Wilhelm II of Germany. In January 1888, the emperor bird-of-paradise was the last bird-of-paradise discovered by Carl Hunstein, who also found the blue bird-of-paradise on his journeys. These two species, along with the red bird-of-paradise, are the only ""Paradisaea"" that perform inverted"
"in the British Natural History Museum and the Dresden Natural History Museum, and presumably deriving from the Vogelkop Peninsula of north-western New Guinea. Elliot's bird-of-paradise Elliot's bird of paradise is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is presumed to be an intergeneric hybrid between a black sicklebill and Arfak astrapia. This assumption was made by Erwin Stresemann who had also dismissed other new species of birds of paradise as hybrids. A minority of ornithologists dispute this claim; specimens are considerably smaller than the latter two species. Additionally, Stresemann used the ""A. nigra"" x ""E. fastuosus"" explanation for the astrapian"
"female is similar but smaller in size, with a dark brown face and has no ornamental red plumes. The diet consists mainly of fruits, berries and arthropods. An Indonesian endemic, the red bird-of-paradise is distributed to lowland rainforests of Waigeo and Batanta islands of Raja Ampat, West Papua. This species shares its home with another bird-of-paradise, the Wilson's bird-of-paradise. Hybridisation between these two species is not recorded but is expected because it is recorded for many other birds-of-paradise. Red bird-of-paradise The red bird-of-paradise (""Paradisaea rubra"", also cendrawasih merah), is a bird-of-paradise in the genus ""Paradisaea"", family Paradisaeidae. Large, up to"
"The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. There are 61 species worldwide and 20 species which occur in Thailand. Among the herons and egrets sighted in Phitsanulok Province are: Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. There are 308 species worldwide and 28 species"
"The remaining 15 Oscine families (343 species in 2015) form a series of basally branching sister groups to the Corvoid - Passerid clade. All of these groups, which form at least six successively branching basal clades, are found exclusively or predominantly in Australasia. Australian endemics are also prominent among basal lineages in both Corvoids and Passerids, suggesting that songbirds originated and diverged in Australia. Songbird A songbird is a bird belonging to the clade Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin ""oscen"", ""a songbird"". This"