"History of Istria Istria, formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner. It is shared by three countries: Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy. The first known appearance of human life in Istria dates to Lower Paleolithic, as evidenced by artifacts found in Šandalja Cave near Pula, dated to 800,000 BC. Since 11th century BC, Istria was inhabited by the Histri, a prehistoric Illyrian tribe after whom Istria was named. Their arrival marks the beginning of the Iron Age"
"in Italy; the neighbouring conurbation of Nova Gorica and Šempeter-Vrtojba today is the urban centre of the Slovene Littoral. Slovenian Istria comprises the northern part of the Istria peninsula and provides, on the Slovenian Riviera coastline with the ports of Koper, Izola, and Piran, the country's only access to the sea. After Ljubljana, the Slovene Littoral is the most developed and economically most prosperous part of Slovenia. The western part of Slovenian Istria is a bilingual region where both Slovene and Italian may be used in education, legal and administrative environments. The northern part of the Slovene Littoral is part"
"Slovenes, 6,426 Croats and 1,840 Italians. The small town of Peroj has had a unique history which exemplifies the multi-ethnic complexity of the history of the region, as do some towns on both sides of the Cicarija mountains that are still identified with the Istro-Romanian people which the UNESCO Redbook of Endangered Languages calls ""the smallest ethnic group in Europe"". Istria Istria ( ; Croatian, Slovene: ""Istra""; Istriot: ""Eîstria""; ; ), formerly ""Histria"" (Latin), ""Ίστρια"" (Ancient Greek), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste"
"Albanian community, which until the late 19th century spoke the Istrian Albanian dialect, is also present in the peninsula. According to the 2011 Croatian census data for the Istria County, 68.33% of the inhabitants were Croats, 6.03% were Italians, 3.46% were Serbs, 2.95% were Bosniaks, 1.15% were Albanians, and 1.96% did not state their nationality. Those declaring themselves regionally as Istrians made up 12.11%. Other nationalities had less than 1% each. The data for Slovenian Istria is not as neatly organized, but the 2002 Slovenian census indicates that the three Istrian municipalities (Izola, Piran, Koper) had a total of 56,482"
"70.2% of the inhabitants of Slovenian Istria, Italian by 3.3%, and various forms of Serbo-Croatian, dominated by Croatian, by 16% of the population. The highest percentage of Italian speakers is in the municipality of Piran (7%), while the highest percentage of Croatian speakers is in Izola (31%). General population polls have shown that the majority of the population in Slovenian Istria conversational in several languages: Slovene, Italian, Croatian and English. Both Slovene and Italian are official in the municipalities of Piran, Izola and Koper. However, Italian is co-official only in the strip of land on the coast, traditionally inhabited by"
"are nearly 50,000 Istrian Italians in entire Istria (between Croatia, Slovenia and Italy): Source: Croatian Census - 2001. Slovenian Census - 2002. Italian Census - 1970/2001 Across the centuries the contribution of Istrian Italians in different fields has been significant. Istrian Italians Istrian Italians are an ethnic group in the northern Adriatic region of Istria, related to the Italian people of Italy. Historically they are descendants from the original Latinized population of Roman Istria, from the Venetian-speaking settlers who came to Istria during the time of the Republic of Venice, and from the South Slavic population in Istria that culturally"
"Italian language in Slovenia The Italian language is an officially recognized minority language in Slovenia, along with Hungarian. Around 3,700 Slovenian citizens speak Italian as their mother tongue. Italian has a strong presence in Slovenia, both historical and current. An estimated 15% of Slovenians speak Italian as a second language, which is one of the highest percentages in the European Union. Between the Late Middle Ages and 1797, part of the territory of the Slovenian Istria (almost entirely corresponding to the current municipalities of Koper, Izola and Piran) was under Venetian rule. During that period, the population of the coastal"
"(the Venice Commission) put it that ""a great majority of the local Italians, some thousands of Slovenes and of nationally undefined bilingual 'Istrians', used their legal right from the peace treaty to 'opt out' of the Yugoslav controlled part of Istria"". In several waves they moved to Italy and elsewhere (also overseas, mainly in the Americas) and claimed Italian or other citizenship. Today Istrian Italians are mostly a national minority in Croatia. Croatian municipalities with a significant Italian population include Grisignana / Grožnjan (51%), Verteneglio / Brtonigla (37%), and Buie / Buje (40%). The last census (2001) showed that there"
"Italy Italy ( ), officially the Italian Republic ( ), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe. Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the"
"Italy–Slovenia relations Italian-Slovenian relations are foreign relations between Italy and Slovenia. The two countries share 199 km of border. Italy and Slovenia established diplomatic relations in 1992. Italy has an embassy in Ljubljana and a consulate in Koper. Slovenia has an embassy in Rome and consulates in Trieste, Florence and Milan. In addition to the autochthonous minorieties, the Istrian Italians in Slovenia and the Slovene Italians in Italy, there are around 3,200 people of Slovenian descent living in Italy . Approximately 400.000 Italians visit Slovenia every year. Even if their relationship is not having much conflict, some Slovenian nationalists do"
"the Austrian Littoral, with its own Provincial diet (Assembly). What is today Slovenian Istria was divided among the administrative district of Koper and Volosko: the former extended to the present-day municipalities of Koper, Izola and Piran, while the latter extended to the present-day municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina. After World War I, according to the peace Treaty of Rapallo, in 1920 Istria became part of Italy. Fascism and, later, Nazi occupation spoiled ethnic relations. After World War II, Istria was assigned to Yugoslavia. As a consequence, between 1945 and 1954, an estimated 350,000 ethnic Italians left the Slovenian Istria in the so-called"
"was 50% Italian in 1991, when the town’s limits included Grožnjan—Grisignana. Buje Buje () is a town situated in Istria, Croatia's westernmost peninsula. Buje was known as the ""sentinel of Istria"" for its hilltop site located inland from the Adriatic Sea. It still commands an excellent panorama. Buje has a rich history; traces of life in the region date back to prehistoric times. The town developed from a Roman and Venetian settlement into a medieval town. Buje was part of the Republic of Venice from 1358 until 1797, when the Treaty of Campo Formio handed it over to Austria. It"
"Slovenia Slovenia ( ; ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ""RS""), is a sovereign state located in southern Central Europe at a crossroads of important European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers and has a population of 2.07 million. One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia is a parliamentary republic and a member of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of NATO. The capital and"
"the 2015 European Championship. Slovenia will co-host the 2019 European Championship. The national ice hockey team has played at 26 Ice Hockey World Championships and has qualified for the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics. Slovenia Slovenia ( ; ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ""RS""), is a sovereign state located in southern Central Europe at a crossroads of important European cultural and trade routes. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest. It covers and has a population"
"speak Italian well enough to have a conversation is 66% in Malta, 15% in Slovenia, 14% in Croatia, 8% in Austria, 5% in France and Luxembourg, and 4% in the former West Germany, Greece, Cyprus, and Romania. In Albania, it is one of the most spoken languages. This is due to the strong historical ties between Italy and Albania but also the Albanian communities in Italy, and the 19,000 Italians living in Albania. It is reported as high as 70% of the Albanian adult population has some form of knowledge of Italian. Furthermore, the Albanian government has pushed to make"
"Geography of Italy Italy is located in southern Europe and comprises the long, boot-shaped Italian Peninsula, the southern side of Alps, the large plain of the Po Valley and some islands including Sicily and Sardinia. Corsica, although belonging to the Italian geographical region, has been a part of France since 1769. Italy is part of the Northern Hemisphere. Its total area is , of which is land and . It lies between latitudes 35° and 48° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E. Italy borders Switzerland (), France (), Austria () and Slovenia (). San Marino () and Vatican city"
"Italy 13.1%, Slovenia 10.7%, Austria 9.2%, Hungary 7.8%, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $14.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) Debt - external: $50.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) Currency: kuna (HRK) Exchange rates: kuna per US$1 – 6.8583 (2015), 5.7482 (2014), 5.7089 (2013), 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003), 7.8687 (2002), 8.34 (2001), 8.2766 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.157 (1997), 5.434 (1996), 5.230 (1995) Economy of Croatia The economy of Croatia is a service-based economy with the tertiary sector accounting for 70% of total gross domestic product (GDP). After the collapse of socialism, Croatia"
"Istrian Italians Istrian Italians are an ethnic group in the northern Adriatic region of Istria, related to the Italian people of Italy. Historically they are descendants from the original Latinized population of Roman Istria, from the Venetian-speaking settlers who came to Istria during the time of the Republic of Venice, and from the South Slavic population in Istria that culturally assimilated to the Latins. Today, as a result of the Istrian exodus, the majority of Istrian Italians live outside of the Istrian peninsula; however, a significant Italian minority still lives in the Croatian County of Istria (6.92%) and in Slovenian"
"Insular Italy Insular Italy ( or just ) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first level NUTS region and a European Parliament constituency. Insular Italy encompasses two of the country's 20 regions: Sardinia and Sicily. Insular Italy occupies one-sixth of the national territory in surface area. Territorially, both Sicily and Sardinia include several minor islands and archipelagoes administratively dependent on the mother islands. Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean (25,708 km) and one of the largest of Europe, while Sardinia is only slightly less extensive"
"Austria Austria (, ; ), officially the Republic of Austria (, ), is a country of nearly 9 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers . The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects as their native language, and German in its"
"not recognize Italian sovereignty over the region of Trieste, claiming it as a part of the Slovenian nation. on the other hand, some Italian nationalists claim the litoral region, which used to have an Italian majority and still has an Italian population. Despite this, the relations are excellent. Italy–Slovenia relations Italian-Slovenian relations are foreign relations between Italy and Slovenia. The two countries share 199 km of border. Italy and Slovenia established diplomatic relations in 1992. Italy has an embassy in Ljubljana and a consulate in Koper. Slovenia has an embassy in Rome and consulates in Trieste, Florence and Milan. In"
"Istria, where they are granted minority rights. According to the official Slovenian and Croatia censuses conducted in 2001 and 2002 their number is around 22,000. The Istrian diaspora, on the other hand, numbers more than 200,000 people. The number of people resident in the Croatian part of Istria declaring themselves to be Italian nearly doubled between 1981 and 1991 (i.e. before and after the dissolution of Yugoslavia). Historian Theodor Mommsen wrote that Istria (the X region of ""Roman Italia"" since Augustus) was fully romanized in the 5th century AD. Between 500 and 700 AD, Slavs settled in Southeastern Europe (Eastern"
"it has borrowed many words from the Istrian dialect, it is markedly distinguishable from it. Traditionally, the Istrian Italians living in Slovenian Istria have spoken the Venetian language, which is nowadays being increasingly replaced by standard Italian. Slovene Istria Slovene Istria (, ) is a region in southwest of Slovenia. It comprises the northern part of the Istrian peninsula, and it is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the Slovene Littoral (""Primorska""). Its largest urban center is Koper. Other large settlements are Izola, Piran and Portorož. The whole region has around 120 settlements. In its coastal area, both"
"between Slovenia and Croatia. The final border line with Yugoslavia and the status of the ethnic minorities in the areas was settled bilaterally in 1975 with the Treaty of Osimo. This line now constitutes the border between Italy and Slovenia. This is a list of the mayors of Trieste since 1949: During the Austro-Hungarian era, Trieste became a leading European city in economy, trade and commerce, and was the fourth-largest and most important centre in the empire, after Vienna, Budapest and Prague. The economy of Trieste, however, fell into a decline after the city's annexation to Italy at the end"
"25,000 fled or were expelled from Slovenian Istria in the aftermath of the war. Following the re-establishment of Yugoslavia during World War II, Slovenia became part of Federal Yugoslavia. A socialist state was established, but because of the Tito–Stalin split in 1948, economic and personal freedoms were broader than in the Eastern Bloc countries. In 1947, the Slovene Littoral and the western half of Inner Carniola, which had been annexed by Italy after World War One, were annexed to Slovenia. After the failure of forced collectivisation that was attempted from 1949–53, a policy of gradual economic liberalisation, known as workers"
"Slovene Istria Slovene Istria (, ) is a region in southwest of Slovenia. It comprises the northern part of the Istrian peninsula, and it is part of the wider geographical-historical region known as the Slovene Littoral (""Primorska""). Its largest urban center is Koper. Other large settlements are Izola, Piran and Portorož. The whole region has around 120 settlements. In its coastal area, both the Slovene and Italian languages are official. The Slovene Riviera (""Slovenska obala"" in Slovene) is located in Slovene Istria; both terms are sometimes used interchangeably, especially in the media, although the Slovenian Istria includes a wider geographical"
"share, are Germany (12.6%), France (11.1%), United States (6.8%), Switzerland (5.7%), United Kingdom (4.7%), and Spain (4.4%). In the post-war period, Italy was transformed from an agricultural based economy which had been severely affected by the consequences of the World Wars, into one of the world's most advanced nations, and a leading country in world trade and exports. According to the Human Development Index, the country enjoys a very high standard of living, and has the world's 8th highest quality of life according to ""The Economist"". Italy owns the world's third-largest gold reserve, and is the third net contributor to"
"(3.3%) spoke German, 882 (0.2%) spoke Romanian, 2,116 (0.5%) spoke other languages and 17,135 (4.2%) were non-citizens, which had not been asked for their language of communication. But scholars like Matteo Bartoli complained that these census percentages included areas outside Istria (like the island of Veglia/Krk and the city of Castua/Kastav, a mostly Croatian town situated north of Fiume and outside the real Istrian peninsula). He considers that the peninsula of Istria was still with a majority of Italians during World War I. Generally speaking, Italians lived on coast, while Croats, Slovenes and the dwindling numbers of Istro-Romanians mainly lived"
"and Estonia. Almost two-thirds of people are employed in services, and over one-third in industry and construction. Slovenia benefits from a well-educated workforce, well-developed infrastructure, and its location at the crossroads of major trade routes. The level of foreign direct investment (FDI) per capita in Slovenia is one of the lowest in the EU, and the labor productivity and the competitiveness of the Slovenian economy is still significantly below the EU average. Taxes are relatively high, the labor market is seen by business interests as being inflexible, and industries are losing sales to China, India, and elsewhere. High level of"
"from: 20% Slovenia, 3.7% Austria, 4.6% Croatia, 8.5% Italy, 10% Germany, 4.3% UK, 49% other countries. Slovenia's main international airport is also in the region. Upper Carniola Statistical Region The Upper Carniola Statistical Region () is a statistical region in northwest Slovenia. It is a region with high mountains, including Mount Triglav, and is almost entirely Alpine. A large part of this statistical region is protected as a national park. The relief and climate are good bases for tourism. In 2013, the region recorded almost 19% of tourist nights in Slovenia, of which 78% were by foreign tourists. The region"
"between Croatia and Slovenia runs on the former republic borders, which were not precisely defined in the former Yugoslavia. Various points of contention remain unresolved between the two countries regarding the precise line of the border. It became an international boundary with the independence of both countries from Yugoslavia in 1991. Since Croatia's first multi-party elections in 1990, the regional party Istrian Democratic Assembly (IDS-DDI, ""Istarski demokratski sabor"" or ""Dieta democratica istriana"") has consistently received a majority of the vote and maintained through the 1990s a position often contrary to the government in Zagreb, led by the then nationalistic party"
"by some new arrivals of the so-called ""regnicoli"" (from the Kingdom of Italy), never well liked by the indigenous Istrians Italians. The Austrian 1910 census indicated approximately 182,500 people who listed Italian as their language of communication in what is now the territory of Slovenia and Croatia: 137,131 in Istria and 28,911 in Fiume/Rijeka (1918). Meanwhile, the Italian 1936 census indicated approximately 230,000 people who listed Italian as their language of communication (in what is now the territory of Slovenia and Croatia, then part of the Italian state): nearly 194,000 in today’s Croatia and 36,000 in today’s Slovenia. After the"
"Italian ethnicity was between 98 and 100% of the total. In 2001, Brtonigla hosted 52,82% Croatian-speakers, 41,29% Italian-speakers, 2,47% Slovenian-speakers and 1,52% Albanian-speakers In 2011, Brtonigla hosted 54% Croatian-speakers, 39,79% Italian-speakers, 2,28% Slovenian-speakers and 0,43% Albanian-speakers The municipality includes several settlements: Brtonigla is twinned with: Brtonigla Brtonigla (; Venetian: ""Vertenejo"") is a town and municipality in the north-western part of Istria County, Croatia. Brtonigla/Verteneglio is a bilingual town; in 2011, 40% of the population declared themselves as ethnic Italians. Brtonigla was formerly part of the municipality of Buje, which is immediately north, and is bordered to the south by the"