"be cognate with ""Llundain"" and ""London"". Trinovantum Trinovantum, in medieval British legend, is the name given to London in earliest times. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's ""Historia Regum Britanniae"" (1136) it was founded by the exiled Trojan Brutus, who called it ""Troia Nova"" (""New Troy""), which was gradually corrupted to Trinovantum. It was later rebuilt by King Lud, who named it ""Caer Lud"" (""Lud's Fort"") after himself, and this name became corrupted to ""Kaer Llundain"", and finally London. This legend is part of the Matter of Britain. The name Trinovantum derives from the Iron age tribe of the Trinovantes, who"
"Saarlouis was named as ""Saarlautern"" (""-lautern"" being a common ending of town and village names in Germany) in an attempt by the Nazis to Germanise the town name. After World War II, the region (then called the Saarland), was again occupied by France. In a plebiscite in 1955, most of the people in the Saarland opted for the reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany, and on 1 January 1957, it became the 10th federal state of West Germany. In 1980, Saarlouis celebrated its 300th anniversary. Even today, the fortress dominates the city's hexagonal floor plan. Beside the buildings made"
"Saarlouis Saarlouis (; , ) is a city in the Saarland, Germany, capital of the district of Saarlouis. In 2017, the town had a population of 34,758. Saarlouis, as the name implies, is located on the River Saar. It was built as a fortress in 1680 and named after Louis XIV of France. With the Treaties of Peace of Nijmegen in 1678/79, the Lorraine fell to France. In 1680, Louis XIV of France gave order to build a fortification (to defend the new French Eastern frontier) on the banks of the river Saar which was called ""Sarre-Louis"". France's famous military"
"the Jagiellonian University claims that ancient division of Lesser Poland into two major parts – Land (Duchy) of Kraków, and Land (Duchy) of Sandomierz, is based on the existence of two Slavic tribes in the area. However, exact location of the Lendians has not been determined to this day. Some historians speculate that they occupied Red Ruthenia, and their center was in Przemyśl. Around the year 1000, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kraków was created, and its borders covered whole area of Lesser Poland. During the reign of Casimir I the Restorer, Kraków for the first time became the capital"
"capital city. The final resolution of the question waits for more evidence. It is believed that Clusium joined the Etruscan League of twelve cities in the 600s BC. The site of ancient Clusium was reoccupied in Roman and later times, obscuring and obliterating much of the Etruscan layers. For example, the ancient sources describe the tomb of Lars Porsena at Clusium as well as the sacking and levelling of the city by Sulla. Much of what remains are its tombs and its underground passages, some of which might have been associated with the monument to Porsena. Lars Porsena was king"
"century, the city of Zürich became the ""de facto"" Vorort of the Confederacy. Since the Reformation in Switzerland, Lucerne became the Vorort of the Catholic cantons. With the 1798 establishment of the Helvetic Republic the Vororte were abolished and instead Aarau was made capital city, then Lucerne, then Bern. After the Act of Mediation, the ""Vorort of Switzerland"" would rotate each year between the capital of Aarau and the cities of Zürich, Bern, Lucerne, Fribourg, Solothurn and Basel. In 1815, the choice of Vororte was restricted to Zürich, Bern and Lucerne, who in turn served as biennial seat of government"
"area of what is now Kaiserslautern has been traced to at least 800 BC. Some 2,500-year-old Celtic tombs were uncovered at Miesau, a town about west of Kaiserslautern. The recovered relics are now in the Museum for Palatinate History at Speyer. Kaiserslautern received its name from the favorite hunting retreat of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa who ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1155 until 1190. The small river Lauter made the old section of Kaiserslautern an island in medieval times. Ruins of Frederick's original castle, built 1152–1160, can still be seen in front of the ""Rathaus"" (city hall). A"
"Buda Buda (; German: ""Ofen"", Croatian: ""Budim"", Serbian: ""Будим"", Slovak: ""Budín"", Turkish: ""Budin"") was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest’s total territory and is in fact mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and President of Hungary's residence Sándor Palace. The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus round which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great"
"Luttre Luttre is a village in Belgium. It is part of the Pont-à-Celles municipality and located in the province of Hainaut, about 15 km north of Charleroi and 50 km south of Brussels along the Charleroi-Brussels Canal, railway line and motorway. Its name means ""crystal clear water"". . Following the conquest of Gaul (57B.C-52 A.D), Rome re-organised the new territories. Northern Gaul became the province BELGICA with Reims (F) as its capital city. This province was further divided into ‘civitates’. The area that would later become Luttre belonged to civitas Tungrorum with Tongeren (B) as the capital city, and was"
"it joined the Federal Republic as ""Saarland"" on 1 January 1957, being its 10th state. The city of Berlin was not part of either state and continued to be under Allied occupation until the reunification of Germany in October 1990. For administrative purposes, the three western sectors of Berlin were merged into the entity of West Berlin. The Soviet sector became known as East Berlin and while not recognised by the Western powers as a part of East Germany, the GDR declared it its capital ""(Hauptstadt der DDR)"". At the end of the war, General Eisenhower issued a non-fraternization policy"
"in the present-day départements of Moselle and Bas-Rhin (the Alsace bossue) and in the present-day federal state of Saarland was called German Lorraine (""Deutsch-Lothringen""). Nancy, the historic capital of Lorraine, and Metz, the present capital of the region of Lorraine, both lie on the French side of the boundary. There are clues to the historic boundary in the names of settlements like Audun-le-Tiche (""Deutsch-Oth"" or German Audun) and Audun-le-Roman (""Welsch-Oth"" or Romance Audun) or the names of the two headstreams of the Nied, the Nied Allemande (""Deutsche Nied"" or German Nied) and the Nied Française (""Französische Nied"" or French Nied),"
"Ludwigslust Palace Ludwigslust Palace () is a stately home or ""schloss"" in the town of Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, northern Germany. It was built as a hunting lodge, rebuilt as a luxurious retreat from the ducal capital, Schwerin, then became for a time (1765–1837) the center of government. It was the ""joy"" of Prince Christian Ludwig, the heir of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, hence the name ""Ludwigslust"". Ludwigslust had its origins in a simple hunting lodge within a day's ride (36 km) of the ducal capital, Schwerin. In 1724, Prince Christian Ludwig, the heir of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, decided to build"
"the new capital city of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn. His best known building was the residence for the Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, built for Ludwig Erhard, the so-called Chancellor's Bungalow. His father was Josef Ruf and his mother was Wilhelmine Mina Ruf (née Scharrer). The family of his father came from Dinkelsbühl and his mother's family lived in Weißenburg in Bayern, both in middle Franconia. He had a brother Franz Ruf born 1909. His first years at school he spent in a primary school in Munich. He was a Roman Catholic and went to"
"Virunum Claudium Virunum was a Roman city in the province of Noricum, on today's Zollfeld in the Austrian State of Carinthia. Virunum may also have been the name of the older Celtic-Roman settlement on the hilltop of Magdalensberg nearby. Virunum (Virunensis) is today a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Municipium Claudium Virunum, or simply, Virunum, was founded under Emperor Claudius as the capital of the province of Noricum succeeding the town upon the hilltop of Magdalensberg, perhaps also taking its name from that settlement, which is widely believed to have been the royal capital city of the pre-Roman"
"Mainz, Ludwigshafen, and Koblenz. The nearest major cities are Luxembourg ( to the southwest), Saarbrücken ( southeast), and Koblenz ( northeast). The University of Trier, the administration of the Trier-Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD (""Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion""), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier, and the Academy of European Law (ERA) are all based in Trier. It is one of the five ""central places"" of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg, Metz and Saarbrücken, fellow constituent members of the QuattroPole union of cities, it is central to the greater region encompassing Saar-Lor-Lux (Saarland, Lorraine"
"Kangar union Kangar union, (""Qanghar Odaghu"") was a Turkic state in the territory of the entire modern Kazakhstan without Zhetysu. The ethnic name Kangar is a medieval name for the Kangly people, who are now part of the Kazakh, Uzbek, and Karakalpak nations. The Kangly (Qangly, Kang, Kangar, Kengeres, Kangdy, Kangarlyk, Kankalis) were a Turkic tribe known from the 2nd century BCE to past the 12th century CE. The Western Branch of Kangars after a defeat from Kypchaks of the Kimek Kaganate attacked and defeated the Bulgars, establishing the Kangar state in Eastern Europe (840-990 CE). The capital of the"
"first, Ahlat, and covered Diyarbekir, Muş, Van, Hakkari, Botan (Cizre) and Mardin. In the following years, the capital was transferred several times, first from Ahlat to Van, then to Muş and finally to Diyarbakır. Its area was reduced in 1856 and the province of Kurdistan within the Ottoman Empire was abolished in 1864. Instead, the former provinces of Diyarbekir and Van have been re-constituted. Around 1880, Shaikh Ubaidullah led a revolt aiming at bringing the areas between Lakes Van and Urmia under his own rule, however Ottoman and Qajar forces succeeded in defeating the revolt. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78"
"the city existed as two different city centres: the smaller, eastern Kaptol, inhabited mainly by clergy and housing Zagreb Cathedral, and the larger, western Gradec, inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. Gradec and Kaptol were united in 1851 by ban Josip Jelačić, who was credited for this, with the naming the main city square, Ban Jelačić Square in his honour. During the period of former Yugoslavia, Zagreb remained an important economic centre of the country, and was the second largest city. After Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia, Zagreb was proclaimed its capital. The history of Zagreb dates as far back"
"Uckermark The Uckermark (), a historical region in northeastern Germany, straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau. The region is named after the Uecker River, which is a tributary of the Oder; the name ""Uckermark"" means ""March of the Uecker"". The river's source is close to Angermünde, from where it runs northward to Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The Oder River, forming the German-Polish border, bounds the region in the east. The western parts of the Lower Oder Valley National Park are located in the Uckermark. In the Ice Age, glaciers shaped the landscape"
"capital, Budapest, after the first proto-democratic government in Hungary faltered. Kun and his colleagues proclaimed a Hungarian Soviet Republic and promised the restoration of Hungary's former grandeur. Instead, his efforts at reconquest failed, and Hungarians were treated to a Soviet-style repression in the form of armed gangs who intimidated or murdered enemies of the regime. This period of violence came to be known as the Red Terror. Within weeks of his coup, Kun's popularity plummeted. On 30 May 1919, anti-Communist politicians formed a counter-revolutionary government in the southern city of Szeged, which was occupied by French forces at the time."
"October 1920 Verkhneudinsk was the capital of the Far Eastern Republic (Дальневосточная Республика), sometimes called Chita Republic. It was a nominally independent state that existed from April 1920 to November 1922 in the easternmost part of the Russian Far East. On 27 July 1934, the city was renamed Ulan-Ude. Ulan-Ude is the capital of the republic. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Ulan-Ude—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ulan-Ude is incorporated as Ulan-Ude Urban"
"state of Saarland. It was not allowed to join its fellow German neighbors until a plebiscite in 1955 rejected the proposed autonomy. This paved the way for the accession of the Saarland to the Federal Republic of Germany as its 12th state, which went into effect on 1 January 1957. On 23 May 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, ""Bundesrepublik Deutschland"") was established on the territory of the Western occupied zones, with Bonn as its ""provisional"" capital. It comprised the area of 11 newly formed states (replacing the pre-war states), with present-day Baden-Württemberg being split into three states until"
"Gold, part of the BWF Grand Prix Gold and Grand Prix tournaments, held in 2013 and 2012. Saarbrücken is a fellow member of the QuattroPole union of cities, along with Luxembourg, Metz, and Trier (formed by cities from three neighbouring countries: Germany, Luxembourg and France). Saarbrücken is twinned with: Saarbrücken has a ""Städtefreundschaft"" (city friendship) with: Some boroughs of Saarbrücken are also twinned: Saarbrücken Saarbrücken (, , Rhine Franconian: ""Saarbrigge"" ) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany. Saarbrücken is Saarland's administrative, commercial and cultural centre and is next to the French border. Saarbrücken was"
"the 18th century). The agreement was signed in 1289 and from that time on, the priest of Celles would come thrice a week to hold services in a newly-built chapel in Luttre. It is generally agreed that the name of Luttre comes from an old German word “lutere” which means “pure, transparent, limpid water”. Luttre was a tax-haven in the duchy of Brabant, extending from Luttre, South of Nivelles (B) till St Hertogenbosch (NL) with Leuven (B) as the capital city. Luttre depended on Nivelles – duchy of Brabant – for administrative duties (e.g. taxes, justice) while the birth, marriage"
"rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century slowly Hungarians became the majority there. Buda Buda (; German: ""Ofen"", Croatian: ""Budim"", Serbian: ""Будим"", Slovak: ""Budín"", Turkish: ""Budin"") was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube. Buda comprises a third of Budapest’s total territory and is in fact mostly wooded. Landmarks include Buda Castle, the Citadella, and President of Hungary's residence Sándor Palace. The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and"
"Laarwoud Laarwoud is a monumental stronghold in the centre of Zuidlaren, the Netherlands. People also describe Laarwoud as a little castle, in the Netherlands locally known as ""havezate"" (Dutch). The word havezate is used in the Dutch provinces of Drenthe and Overijssel. The building as seen on the picture dates from the beginning of the 17th century. However the founding of the building probably dates back from the Middle Ages. In the 17th century the stronghold was owned by the ""Van Selbach"" family. From 1953 until 2004 the building served as a town hall for the former municipality of Zuidlaren."
"Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern () is a city in southwest Germany, located in the ""Bundesland"" (State) of Rhineland-Palatinate (""Rheinland-Pfalz"") at the edge of the Palatinate Forest (""Pfälzerwald""). The historic centre dates to the 9th century. It is from Paris, from Frankfurt am Main, and from Luxembourg. Kaiserslautern is home to 100,569 people (December 2016). Additionally, approximately 45,000 NATO military personnel inhabit the city and its surrounding district (""Landkreis Kaiserslautern""), and contribute approximately US$1 billion annually to the local economy. The city is also home to football club 1. FC Kaiserslautern that has won the German championship four times. Prehistoric settlement in the"
"road linking Trier with Reims which bypassed the Titelberg. During the Roman period, Trier became a Roman colony (in 16 BCE), and the provincial capital of Belgica itself. It was the frequent residence of a number of emperors. An important secondary centre was ""Orolaunum"" (now Arlon, capital of the Belgian Province of Luxembourg), which, in Edith Wightman's assessment, ""became a kind of regional capital for the western Treveri"", attaining ""a degree of prosperity only otherwise reached by ""civitas"" capitals"". Archaeological evidence suggests that the Treveri were divided into five cantons centred respectively on the ""oppida"" of the Titelberg, Wallendorf, ,"
"Saarland Saarland (, ; ) is a state of Germany. Saarland is located in western Germany covering an area of and a population of 995,600 (2015), the smallest German state in both area and population apart from the city-states of Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg. Saarbrücken is the state capital and largest city, while other major cities include Neunkirchen and Saarlouis. Saarland is surrounded by France to the west and the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate to the east. Saarland was established in 1920 after World War I as the Territory of the Saar Basin, formed from land of Prussia and Bavaria"
"damaged. As part of East Germany after the war, the Uckermark was divided between Bezirk Neubrandenburg and Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder). With German reunification in 1990, most of the Uckermark voted to become part of the restored state of Brandenburg, with the exception of the small Strasburg region becoming part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Uckermark The Uckermark (), a historical region in northeastern Germany, straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its traditional capital is Prenzlau. The region is named after the Uecker River, which is a tributary of the Oder; the name ""Uckermark"" means ""March of the"
"Eisenstadt Eisenstadt (; , , , ) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. It has a population of about 14,241 (2016). In the Habsburg Empire's Kingdom of Hungary, Kismarton (Eisenstadt) was the seat of the Eszterházy Hungarian noble family. The composer Joseph Haydn lived there as ""Hofkapellmeister"" under Esterházy patronage. Eisenstadt lies on a plain leading down to the river Wulka, at the south foot of the Leitha Mountains, about from the Hungarian border. Eisenstadt is divided into three districts ""(Stadtbezirke)"": The city is divided into five ""Katastralgemeinden"": Other informal areas of the city include Wiesäcker"
"in the south (, which included modern Lorraine) and Lower Lotharingia in the north (, capital city: Cologne on the Rhine river), the title Archduke disappeared officially for almost 400 years. The later extended fragmentation of both territories created two ""succeeding"" Duchies in the Low Countries, Brabant (mainly in modern-day Belgium) and Geldre (now in the Netherlands, giving its name to the province of Gelderland). Both claimed archducal status but were never officially recognised as such by the Holy Roman Emperor. ""Archduke of Austria"", the only archducal title to re-emerge, was invented in the ""Privilegium Maius"" in the 14th century"
"as ""Reichsstatthalter"" (1 May 1939 – 4 May 1945). The Sudetenland consisted of three administrative districts (""Regierungsbezirke""): Eger (with Karlsbad as capital), Aussig (Aussig) and Troppau (Troppau). Shortly after the annexation, the Jews living in the Sudetenland were persecuted widely. Only a few weeks afterwards, the Kristallnacht occurred. As elsewhere in Germany, many synagogues were set on fire and numerous leading Jews were sent to concentration camps. In later years, the Nazis transported up to 300,000 Czech and Slovak Jews to concentration camps, where many of them died or were killed. Jews and Czechs were not the only afflicted peoples;"