"was too few to service the needs of the 4,926 men in the garrison plus sailors from ships docked in the harbour. When the brothels were shut down and prostitution banned by Governor Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien in January 1922, the prostitutes moved across the Spanish border to the ""Calle Gibraltar"" area in La Línea. Prostitution in Montserrat is legal and common. However related activities such as controlling prostitution or living off the earnings of prostitution are prohibited by the Penal Code. Following the eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano in 1997 that buried the capital, Plymouth, many migrant workers came"
"party was defeated. A major issue for his government has been the continuing recovery of the island of Montserrat after a volcanic eruption which devastated the southern part of the island, burying the capital city of Plymouth in ash and forcing its population to flee, in many cases off the island due to lack of housing. The eruption, which began in July 1995, continues today on a vastly reduced scale, the damage being confined to Plymouth and the surrounding areas. , a new airport and docking facilities have opened and Montserratians and tourists alike are beginning to return. In July"
"century in Montserrat. When pyroclastic flows and mudflows began occurring regularly, the capital, Plymouth, was evacuated, and a few weeks later a pyroclastic flow covered the city in several metres of debris. The first phreatic explosion in this new period of activity occurred on 21 August 1995, and such activity lasted for 18 weeks until it caused an andesitic lava dome formation. This was initially confined by a sector-collapse scar. This period lasted for another 60 weeks, after which there were major dome collapses and two periods of explosive volcanic eruptions and fountain-collapse pyroclastic flows. The explosion blanketed Plymouth, away,"
"tourist attractions. Some examples are Bannack, Calico, Centralia, Oatman, and South Pass City in the United States, Barkerville in Canada, Craco in Italy, Elizabeth Bay and Kolmanskop in Namibia, Pripyat in Ukraine, and Danushkodi in India. The town of Plymouth on the Caribbean island of Montserrat is a ghost town that is the ""de jure"" capital of Montserrat. It was rendered uninhabitable by volcanic ash from an eruption. The definition of a ghost town varies between individuals, and between cultures. Some writers discount settlements that were abandoned as a result of a natural or human-made disaster or other causes using"
"including its capital city, Plymouth. The volcano later continued to erupt over the following years, and ultimately two thirds of Montserrat's population left the island. The UK immediately offered assistance, and began to welcome large numbers of refugees from the island. The people of Montserrat were granted full residency rights in the UK in 1998, and citizenship was granted four years later. According to the 2001 UK Census 7,983 Montserratian-born people were residing in the UK (almost twice the population of Montserrat itself). According to the 2011 UK Census, there were 7,250 Montserratian-born residents in England, 20 in Wales, and"
"in a thick layer of ash, and darkened the sky almost completely. Earthquakes continued to occur in three epicenter zones: beneath the Soufrière Hills volcano, in the ridge running to the north-east, and beneath St George's Hill, about to the north-west. A large eruption on 25 June 1997 resulted in the deaths of nineteen people. The island's airport was directly in the path of the main pyroclastic flow and was completely destroyed. Montserrat's tourist industry was also destroyed, although it began to recover within fifteen years. The governments of the United Kingdom and Montserrat led the aid effort, including a"
"of Montserrat in March 1996. Worried about an expanding lava dome at the Soufrière Hills volcano, the island's government asked Voight to assess its potential for an avalanche that could generate an eruption. Voight thought it was unlikely that the crater would collapse, but expressed concern over a possible pyroclastic flow that could reach the city of Plymouth in approximately three minutes. The city and a village on the mountain were evacuated, and within three years, pyroclastic flows overtook the abandoned sites. Following these eruptions, Voight served as a member of the Risk Assessment Panel that advised Montserrat's government, and"
"on Montserrat. Because of the eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano in 1995, AUC moved its campus to St. Maarten later that year. A permanent campus was completed in 1998 in Cupecoy. The University of St. Martin (USM) was located in Philipsburg. The University of Sint Eustatius School of Medicine, founded in 1999, was previously located on Sint Eustatius. In September 2013, the University of Sint Eustatius moved its campus to Cole Bay, St. Maarten. Philipsburg Jubilee Library is in Philipsburg. Air transportation to Sint Maarten and the whole island is served by Princess Juliana International Airport, which is well"
"Hills volcano started erupting in 1995 and has continued erupting since. It encompasses the south part of the island, accounting for over half of its land mass and most areas of the island which were populated before the volcano erupted. The volcano destroyed the island's urban center and capital Plymouth, as well as many other villages and neighborhoods. The zone is now strictly enforced; entry into most of the destroyed areas is prohibited, while some areas are subject to restrictions during volcanic activity or open only as a ""daytime entry zone"". Exclusion zones are commonly used in the construction industry"
"and along with it Sturge Park, burying the ground under layers of ash. A replacement ground, the Salem Oval, was opened in 2000 on the north of the island. Sturge Park Sturge Park was a cricket ground located on five acres of land adjacent to Plymouth, Montserrat. The ground, used by the Montserrat cricket team and infrequently by the Leeward Islands cricket team, was destroyed in the Soufrière Hills eruption of 1997. Cricket was first recorded as being played on what would become Sturge Park in October 1925, when St Kitts played Antigua in the 1925/26 Hesketh Bell Shield. Montserrat"
"early hours of 17 September 1989, Hurricane Hugo, passed the island as a Category 4 hurricane. It damaged more than 90% of the structures on the island. AIR Studios Montserrat closed, and the tourist economy was virtually wiped out. In the fall of 2017, Montserrat was not hit by Hurricane Irma and sustained only minor damage from Hurricane Maria. Montserrat is an internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom. The United Nations Committee on Decolonization includes Montserrat on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. The island's Chief of State is Queen Elizabeth II represented by an appointed Governor."
"island, with around 4,000 inhabitants. It had been the site of almost all the island's shops and services, in addition to having been its seat of government. Some of the lost facilities were subsequently rebuilt elsewhere on Montserrat, but this did not prevent emigration. More than two-thirds of the island's population was evacuated by the Royal Navy. Most of the evacuees have not returned. The airport serving Plymouth, W. H. Bramble Airport, was shut down completely by 1997, and a new airport, John A. Osborne Airport, opened near Brades. In the pre-1997 period it was served by Plymouth Primary School,"
"1995 and 2000, two-thirds of the island's population was forced to flee, primarily to the United Kingdom, leaving fewer than 1,200 people on the island as of 1997 (rising to nearly 5,000 by 2016). The volcanic activity continues, mostly affecting the vicinity of Plymouth, including its docking facilities, and the eastern side of the island around the former W. H. Bramble Airport, the remnants of which were buried by flows from volcanic activity on 11 February 2010. An exclusion zone that extends from the south coast of the island north to parts of the Belham Valley was imposed because of"
"will also house the seat of government. Economy of Montserrat The economy of Montserrat was severely disrupted by volcanic activity which began in July 1995. Prior to this date, the small island country of 12,000 had an export economy based on agriculture, clothing, electronic parts and plants, with a per capita gross national product of USD 3,000 to 8,000. It had an international reputation as a tourist getaway, and the record producer George Martin established an important recording studio there, Associated Independent Recording. Destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, the studio was never reestablished; however, Martin subsequently helped found the"
"local time on Monday 28 July 2008, an eruption began without any precursory activity. Pyroclastic flow lobes reached Plymouth. These involved juvenile material originating in the collapse of the eruption column. Further, a small part of the eastern side of the lava dome collapsed, generating a pyroclastic flow in Tar River Valley. Several large explosions were registered, with the largest at approximately 11:38 pm. The height of the ash column was estimated at 12,000 m (40,000 ft) above sea level. The volcano has become one of the most closely monitored volcanoes in the world since its eruption began, with the"
"Gerald's Airport allowed for the resumption of regular commercial airline service to Montserrat for the first time since 1997, when W. H. Bramble Airport, which had been the island's only aviation gateway, was destroyed by an eruption of the nearby Soufrière Hills volcano. Between 1997 and 2005, Montserrat had been accessible only by helicopters or boats and seaplanes The airport's name was changed in July 2008 to honour John Osborne, long-standing Chief Minister of Montserrat. The airline FlyMontserrat has its headquarters on the airport property. John A. Osborne Airport John A. Osborne Airport (until 2008 called Gerald's Airport) is a"
"a private medical school in Olveston. In 1979, George Martin, an English record producer, built a recording studio on the island called AIR Studios Montserrat. For more than a decade, AIR Montserrat played host to recording sessions by many well known rock musicians, including Dire Straits, Elton John, Michael Jackson and The Rolling Stones. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo destroyed the studios. After the volcanic eruptions of 1995 through 1997, and until his death in 2016, George Martin raised funds to help the victims and families on the island. The first event was a star-studded event at London's Royal Albert Hall"
"in modern usage in languages other than English, e.g., Spanish, French and Dutch, all of the Lesser Antilles from the Virgin Islands to Trinidad and Tobago are known as the Windward Islands (""Iles au Vent"" in French, ""Bovenwindse Eilanden"" in Dutch, and ""Islas de Barlovento"" in Spanish). The islands along the Venezuelan coast, known in English as the Leeward Antilles, in languages other than English are known as the Leeward Islands. The islands are affected by active volcanism, and notable eruptions have occurred in Montserrat in the 1990s and in 2009 to 2010. At 1467 m, the highest point is"
"(worth about £40,000 today) to the British Empire. A number of locals served in the Merchant Navy. Of these, six died in service. Every 14 November, Montserrat holds a Remembrance Day, in which all Montserratians who died in the First World War are remembered, alongside with the Montserratians who died in the Second World War and the Iraq War. There was a war memorial in Plymouth, Montserrat, but it was abandoned when volcanic eruptions buried the town. In 2010 a new war memorial, in Little Bay, Montserrat, was christened. According to official records, the following Montserratians are recorded as having"
"Sturge Park Sturge Park was a cricket ground located on five acres of land adjacent to Plymouth, Montserrat. The ground, used by the Montserrat cricket team and infrequently by the Leeward Islands cricket team, was destroyed in the Soufrière Hills eruption of 1997. Cricket was first recorded as being played on what would become Sturge Park in October 1925, when St Kitts played Antigua in the 1925/26 Hesketh Bell Shield. Montserrat first played there in the same competition against Dominica, before the ground held the final of the tournament between Montserrat and Antigua, with Montserrat winning. The ground was not"
"population have left the island. It is andesitic in nature and the current pattern of activity includes periods of lava dome growth, punctuated by brief episodes of dome collapse which result in pyroclastic flows, ash venting, and explosive eruption. The volcano is monitored by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. Seismic activity had occurred in 1897–1898, 1933–1937, and again in 1966–1967, but the eruption that began on 18 July 1995 was the first since the 20th"
"significantly damaged an area of more than with the ejection of stone, volcanic ash and lava. Three people were killed, two towns were completely evacuated and buried by lava, and three others were heavily affected. Hundreds of people had to be permanently relocated, and two new towns were created to accommodate their migration. Although the larger region still remains highly active volcanically, Parícutin is now dormant and has become a tourist attraction with people climbing the volcano and visiting the hardened lava-covered ruins of the San Juan Parangaricutiro Church. In 1997, CNN included Parícutin in its list of the Seven"
"destroyed at Plymouth due to a storm surge of . Inland, rainfall up to created mudslides at the foot of Chances Peak, destroying 21 homes. Ten people were killed, 89 were injured, and damage reached at least $260 million, making it the most expensive hurricane in the history of Montserrat. Tourism and agriculture also suffered significantly. Additionally, the local bat population was devastated, with an estimated 90 percent decrease in numbers after Hugo's passage. The species ""Chiroderma improvisum"" has not been seen on Montserrat since, and it is feared that it may be extinct on the island. The slower speed"
"Mount Plymouth Mount Plymouth is a conspicuous peak rising to 520 m in the northeast extremity of Dryanovo Heights, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak has precipitous and partly ice-free northern slopes, and surmounts Teteven Glacier to the northwest, Quito Glacier to the northeast and Traub Glacier to the southeast. The feature was charted by the Discovery Investigations and named after the city of Plymouth, England. The peak is located at which is 3.1 km east by north of Sevtopolis Peak, 5.1 km west-southwest of Spark Point, 4.47 km north-northeast of Tile Ridge and 4.9 km"
"people on board. Chances Peak Chances Peak is the culminant point of the active complex stratovolcano named Soufrière Hills. It is the highest point in Montserrat, a British overseas territory located in the Caribbean Sea. Chances Peak is on a destructive plate margin. The volcano itself is in the middle Caribbean plate, but this is because the North American Plate and the Atlantic Plate subducts beneath it, causing a buildup of pressure to form a volcano. On 17 September 1965 a Boeing 707 aircraft operating as Pan Am Flight 292 flew into Chances Peak near the summit and was destroyed,"
"Economy of Montserrat The economy of Montserrat was severely disrupted by volcanic activity which began in July 1995. Prior to this date, the small island country of 12,000 had an export economy based on agriculture, clothing, electronic parts and plants, with a per capita gross national product of USD 3,000 to 8,000. It had an international reputation as a tourist getaway, and the record producer George Martin established an important recording studio there, Associated Independent Recording. Destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989, the studio was never reestablished; however, Martin subsequently helped found the Montserrat Cultural Centre, which was opened in"
"of mud, destroyed its airport and docking facilities, and rendered the southern part of the island, now termed the exclusion zone, uninhabitable and not safe for travel. The southern part of the island was evacuated and visits are severely restricted. The exclusion zone also includes two sea areas adjacent to the land areas of most volcanic activity. After the destruction of Plymouth and disruption of the economy, more than half of the population left the island, which also lacked housing. During the late 1990s, additional eruptions occurred. On 25 June 1997, a pyroclastic flow travelled down Mosquito Ghaut. This pyroclastic"
"airport on the eastern side of the island. Plymouth was again evacuated. Between 4–8 August a further series of large eruptions destroyed approximately 80% of the town, burying it under of ash. This hot material burned many of the buildings, making habitation nearly impossible for many of the residents. The pyroclastic flows, lava, ash and other volcanic rock types were mostly compact, having a density similar to that of concrete. The removal of the overburden would have required the use of explosives, bulldozers and other resources too expensive for widespread use. It was anticipated that the soil underneath the hardened"
"settlement is constrained to the north. Montserrat has two islets, Little Redonda and Virgin, as well as Statue Rock. Montserrat has a tropical climate, with little daily or seasonal temperature variation. Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, about 500 km south-east of Puerto Rico Geographic coordinates: Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: <br>""Total:"" 102 km² <br>""Land:"" 102 km² <br>""Water:"" 0 km² Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 40 km Maritime claims: <br>""Territorial sea:"" <br>""Exclusive fishing zone:"" Terrain: Volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland Elevation extremes: <br>""Lowest point:"" Caribbean Sea 0 m <br>""Highest point:"" Prior to 1995,"
"Salem Oval The Salem Oval is a cricket ground located in the village of Salem, Montserrat. The ground was constructed following the destruction of Montserrat's main cricket ground in Plymouth, which was destroyed in the Soufrière Hills eruption of 1997. The ground was completed by the year 2000, with the first match held at the ground seeing Montserrat play a minor match against Antigua and Barbuda. The following year, the touring South Africans played at the ground against the University of West Indies Vice-Chancellor's XI, with half the islands population reportedly attending. This match did not hold first-class status, it"
"29, just over northeast of Anguilla. In the affected islands, heavy precipitation gave rise to flash flooding along mountain streams and in valleys, destroying crops and property. Cotton, coffee, and sugar plantations sustained significant damage. On Montserrat, one plantation recorded at least of rain in 21 hours, though the rain gauge overflowed between each of the three observations, preventing an accurate total from being obtained. It was speculated that several feet of rain may have locally fallen on certain hillsides, as evidenced by landslides that swept away trees, boulders, and large volumes of earth. Thirty-one people drowned in Plymouth after"
"is also an important part of St Patrick's Day, which is a celebration of Montserrat's Irish heritage and music and has now been transformed into a whole week of activities. Air Studios, a recording studio operated by George Martin, used to be on the island, and performers like the Rolling Stones, Sting and Elton John traveled there to record. After Hurricane Hugo, however, the studios were closed. Martin organized a fundraiser (""Music for Montserrat"") for the island in 1997, which included native band Arrow, Mark Knopfler, Jimmy Buffett, Paul McCartney, Eric Clapton, Phil Collins, Carl Perkins (who died the next"
"youngest and northernmost volcano. La Soufrière violently erupted in 1718, 1812, 1902, 1971, and 1979. The Saint Vincent eruption of 6 May 1902, just hours before the eruption of Mount Pelée on Martinique, killed 1,680 people. The death zone, where almost all persons were killed, was close to entirely Carib. This last large remnant of Carib culture was destroyed, the island of Dominica's Carib Territory being much smaller in comparison at that time. The last recorded eruption was in April 1979; due to advance warning there were no casualties. A famous painting by J. M. W. Turner of the eruption"