"hydromorphone, heroin and 4-methylaminorex (a stimulant) amongst the products he prepares Diacetyldihydromorphine Diacetyldihydromorphine (also known as Paralaudin, dihydroheroin, acetylmorphinol or dihydroxycodeinon) is a potent opiate derivative developed in Germany in 1929 which is rarely used in some countries for the treatment of severe pain such as that caused by terminal cancer, as another form of diamorphine (also commonly known as Heroin). Diacetyldihydromorphine is fast-acting and longer-lasting than diamorphine, with a duration of action of around 4-7 hours. As an ester/analogue of dihydromorphine, diacetyldihydromorphine is presumably a Schedule I/Narcotic controlled substance in the United States but does not have its own"
"Dienochlor Dienochlor is a organochlorine compound included in the group of cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons. Its chemical formula is . Dienochlor is mostly used as a pesticide and ovicide. Dienochlor can be obtained by catalytic reduction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (eg with copper or hydrogen). Dienochlor is a combustible yellow solid which is practically insoluble in water. It decomposes when heated above 250 °C. It decomposes rapidly under the influence of sunlight. Dienochlor is used as an acaricide under the trade name Pentac for combating mites (""Tetranychus"", ""Polyphagotarsonemus latus"") on roses, chrysanthemums, and other ornamental plants. Dienochlor was approved for use in the"
"with dihydromorphine as the penultimate step, from morphine to hydromorphone with morphinone as the penultimate step, and from morphine to hydromorphinol to hydromorphone. Hydromorphone was first synthesized and researched in Germany by Knoll (first patent 1922) who introduced it to the mass market in 1926 under the brand name ""Dilaudid"", indicating its derivation and degree of similarity to morphine (by way of laudanum)—compare Dicodid (hydrocodone), Dihydrin (dihydrocodeine), and Dinarkon (oxycodone). The brand name ""Dilaudid"" is more widely known than the generic term hydromorphone and, because of this, ""Dilaudid"" is often used generically to mean any form of hydromorphone. Hydromorphone is"
"Hydromorphone Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally-acting pain medication of the opioid class. It is made from morphine. Comparatively, hydromorphone is to morphine as hydrocodone is to codeine – it is a hydrogenated ketone thereof. In medical terms, it is an opioid analgesic, and in legal terms, a narcotic. Hydromorphone is commonly used in the hospital setting, mostly intravenously (IV) because its bioavailability is very low orally, rectally, and intranasally. Sublingual administration (under the tongue) is usually superior to swallowing for bioavailability and effects; however, hydromorphone is bitter and"
"Dihydromorphine Dihydromorphine (Paramorfan, Paramorphan) is a semi-synthetic opioid structurally related to and derived from morphine. The 7,8-double bond in morphine is reduced to a single bond to get dihydromorphine. Dihydromorphine is a moderately strong analgesic and is used clinically in the treatment of pain and also is an active metabolite of the analgesic opioid drug dihydrocodeine. Dihydromorphine occurs in trace quantities in assays of opium on occasion, as does dihydrocodeine, dihydrothebaine, tetrahydrothebaine, etc. The process for manufacturing dihydromorphine from morphine for pharmaceutical use was developed in Germany in the late 19th Century, with the synthesis being published in 1900 and"
"although their toxicity has not been investigated in detail. Dysprosium(III) chloride Dysprosium(III) chloride (DyCl), also known as dysprosium trichloride, is a compound of dysprosium and chlorine. It is a white to yellow solid which rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hexahydrate, DyCl.6HO. Simple rapid heating of the hydrate causes partial hydrolysis to an oxychloride, DyOCl. DyCl is often prepared by the ""ammonium chloride route,"" starting from either DyO or hydrated chloride or oxychloride. or DyCl·6HO. These methods produce (NH)[DyCl]: The pentachloride decomposes thermally according to the following equation: The thermolysis reaction proceeds via the intermediacy"
"Dysprosium(III) chloride Dysprosium(III) chloride (DyCl), also known as dysprosium trichloride, is a compound of dysprosium and chlorine. It is a white to yellow solid which rapidly absorbs water on exposure to moist air to form a hexahydrate, DyCl.6HO. Simple rapid heating of the hydrate causes partial hydrolysis to an oxychloride, DyOCl. DyCl is often prepared by the ""ammonium chloride route,"" starting from either DyO or hydrated chloride or oxychloride. or DyCl·6HO. These methods produce (NH)[DyCl]: The pentachloride decomposes thermally according to the following equation: The thermolysis reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of (NH)[DyCl]. Treating DyO with aqueous HCl produces hydrated"
"Methyldihydromorphine Methyldihydromorphine (dihydroheterocodeine) is a semi-synthetic opioid originally developed in Germany in 1936, controlled under both domestic law and UN conventions because of its possible potential for abuse. Methyldihydromorphine is related to heterocodeine and is not a synonym for dihydrocodeine. Its structure suggests that it is six to nine times stronger than morphine and 72 times stronger than dihydrocodeine. This compound is a derivative of hydromorphone It has been found to be 33 per cent the analgesic potency of morphine with a substantially longer duration of action. So far, little is currently known about this compound. It is a Schedule"
"Nicomorphine Nicomorphine (Vilan, Subellan, Gevilan, MorZet) is the 3,6-dinicotinate ester of morphine. It is a strong opioid agonist analgesic two to three times as potent as morphine with a side effect profile similar to that of dihydromorphine, morphine, and diamorphine. Nicomorphine was first synthesized in 1904 and was patented as Vilan by Lannacher Heilmittel G.m.b.H. of Austria in 1957. The hydrochloride salt is available as ampoules of 10 mg/ml solution for injection, 5 mg tablets, and 10 mg suppositories. It is possible that other manufacturers distribute 10 mg tablets and other concentrations of injectable nicomorphine in ampoules and multidose vials."
"Dichlorine hexoxide Dichlorine hexoxide is the chemical compound with the molecular formula , which is correct for its gaseous state. However, in liquid or solid form, this chlorine oxide ionizes into the dark red ionic compound chloryl perchlorate , which may be thought of as the mixed anhydride of chloric and perchloric acids. It is produced by reaction between chlorine dioxide and excess ozone: It was originally reported to exist as the monomeric chlorine trioxide ClO in gas phase, but was later shown to remain an oxygen-bridged dimer after evaporation and until thermal decomposition into chlorine perchlorate, ClO, and oxygen."
"Western Germany between 1971 and 1990. In the European Union, no plant protection products containing dienochlor are authorized. Dienochlor Dienochlor is a organochlorine compound included in the group of cyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons. Its chemical formula is . Dienochlor is mostly used as a pesticide and ovicide. Dienochlor can be obtained by catalytic reduction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (eg with copper or hydrogen). Dienochlor is a combustible yellow solid which is practically insoluble in water. It decomposes when heated above 250 °C. It decomposes rapidly under the influence of sunlight. Dienochlor is used as an acaricide under the trade name Pentac for combating"
"is analogous to other products the company introduced or otherwise marketed: Dilaudid (hydromorphone, 1926), Dinarkon (oxycodone, 1917), Dihydrin (dihydrocodeine, 1911), and Dimorphan (dihydromorphine). Paramorfan is the trade name of dihydromorphine from another manufacturer, as is Paracodin, for dihydrocodeine. The name Dicodid was registered in the United States and appears without a monograph as late as 1978 in the Physicians' Desk Reference; Dicodid may have been marketed to one extent or another in North America in the 1920s and early 1930s. The drug was pure hydrocodone in small 5 and 10 mg tablets, physically similar to the Dilaudid tablets. It is"
"Deuterated chloroform Deuterated chloroform (CDCl), also known as chloroform-d, is an isotopologue of chloroform (CHCl) in which the hydrogen atom (""H"") is replaced with a deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope (""D""). Deuterated chloroform is the most common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy of organic molecules, because of its ability to dissolve a wide variety of organic molecules. Most compounds soluble in dichloromethane are soluble in chloroform, but chloroform is much cheaper than deuterated DCM. The properties of CDCl are virtually identical to those of regular chloroform. In proton NMR spectroscopy, the deuterium does not exhibit a large interfering peak, whereas protium"
"Dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride also commonly distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is an organic compound classified as quaternary ammonium salt. The nitrogen center substituted with two methyl groups and two stearyl groups. The combination of long-chain hydrocarbon groups and the cationic ammonium confers surfactant- or a detergent-like properties. For professional use only, it can be found in many wares-and-equipment sanitizers as well as cleaner/sanitizer combinations that are standard in the foodservice industry - it was once a major component of fabric softeners, but has been largely phased out because of its low biodegradability. In household products, it may also be found"
"hydrochloride"" is its and . Nefazodone has been marketed under a number of brand names including ""Dutonin"" (, , , ), Menfazona (), ""Nefadar"" (, , , ), Nefazodone BMS (), Nefazodone Hydrochloride Teva (), Reseril (), Rulivan (), and ""Serzone"" (, , ). As of 2017, it remains available only on a limited basis as Nefazodone Hydrochloride Teva in the United States. The use of nefazodone to prevent migraine has been studied, due to its antagonistic effects on the 5-HT and 5-HT receptors. Nefazodone Nefazodone, sold formerly under the brand names Serzone, Dutonin, and Nefadar among others, is an"
"Disulfur dichloride Disulfur dichloride is the chemical compound of sulfur and chlorine with the formula SCl. Some alternative names for this compound are ""sulfur monochloride"" (the name implied by its empirical formula, SCl), ""disulphur dichloride"" (British English Spelling) and ""sulphur monochloride"" (British English Spelling). SCl has the structure implied by the formula Cl−S−S−Cl, wherein the angle between the Cl−S−S and S−S−Cl planes is 90°. This structure is referred to as ""gauche"", and is akin to that for HO. A different isomer of SCl is S=SCl; this isomer forms transiently when SCl is exposed to UV-radiation (see thiosulfoxides). This substance is"
"insecticides, and synthetic rubbers. It is also used in cold vulcanization of rubbers, as polymerization catalyst for vegetable oils and for hardening soft woods. Disulfur dichloride Disulfur dichloride is the chemical compound of sulfur and chlorine with the formula SCl. Some alternative names for this compound are ""sulfur monochloride"" (the name implied by its empirical formula, SCl), ""disulphur dichloride"" (British English Spelling) and ""sulphur monochloride"" (British English Spelling). SCl has the structure implied by the formula Cl−S−S−Cl, wherein the angle between the Cl−S−S and S−S−Cl planes is 90°. This structure is referred to as ""gauche"", and is akin to that"
"Dicoronylene Dicoronylene is the trivial name for a very large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Its formal name is benzo[10,11]phenanthro[2',3',4',5',6':4,5,6,7]chryseno[1,2,3-""bc""]coronene (IUPAC name) or benzo[1,2,3-""bc"":4,5,6-b'c']dicoronene (name sometimes used in Chemical Abstracts). It has 15 rings and is a brick-red solid. Its formula is . Dicoronylene sublimes under high vacuum, 0.001 torr, between 250 °C and 300 °C. Due to its large size and limited availability, the organic chemistry of dicoronylene is little known. Dicoronylene does undergo a Diels–Alder reaction with maleic anhydride on one or both of the central bay regions on either side of the bridging ring. The double bond of maleic"
"Sodium dichloroisocyanurate Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (INN: sodium troclosene, ""troclosenum natricum"" or NaDCC or SDIC) is a chemical compound widely used as a cleansing agent and disinfectant. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. The dihydrate is also known () as is the potassium salt (). It is mainly used as a disinfectant, biocide and industrial deodorant. It is found in some modern water purification tablets/filters. It is more efficient than the formerly used halazone water disinfectant. In these applications, it is a slow-release source of chlorine in low concentrations at a relatively constant rate. As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize"
"Dichlorine monoxide Dichlorine monoxide, is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula ClO. It was first synthesised in 1834 by Antoine Jérôme Balard, who along with Gay-Lussac also determined its composition. In older literature it is often referred to as chlorine monoxide, which can be a source of confusion as that name now refers to the neutral species ClO. At room temperature it exists as a brownish-yellow gas which is soluble in both water and organic solvents. Chemically, it is a member of the chlorine oxide family of compounds, as well as being the anhydride of hypochlorous acid. It is"
"can be produced as part of a mixture of salts and derivatives of morphine by end users by means of treating morphine with nicotinic anhydride or related chemicals in an analogue of the heroin homebake process. CAS number of hydrochloride: 35055-78-8<br> US DEA ACSCN: 9312<br> Free base conversion ratios of salts: <br> ""Nicomorphine Hydrochloride: 0.93"" The 3,6-diesters of morphine are drugs with more rapid and complete central nervous system penetration due to increased lipid solubility and other structural considerations. The prototype for this subgroup of semi-synthetic opiates is heroin and the group also includes dipropanoylmorphine, diacetyldihydromorphine, disalicylmorphine and others. Whilst"
"Apomorphine Apomorphine (brand names Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima) is a type of aporphine having activity as a non-selective dopamine agonist which activates both D-like and, to a much lesser extent, D-like receptors. It also acts as an antagonist of 5-HT and α-adrenergic receptors with high affinity. The compound is historically a morphine decomposition product made by boiling morphine with concentrated acid, hence the -""morphine"" suffix. Apomorphine does not actually contain morphine or its skeleton, nor does it bind to opioid receptors. The ""apo""- prefix relates to it being a morphine derivative (""[comes] from morphine""). Historically, apomorphine has been tried for"
"diallylbarbiturate (0.561), and diethylbarbiturate (0.619). The latter was introduced as Codeonal in 1912, indicated for pain with nervousness. Codeine methylbromide is also considered a separate drug for various purposes. Codeine and morphine, as well as opium, were used in an attempt to treat diabetes in the 1880s and thereafter, as recently as the 1950s. It is often sold as a salt in the form of either codeine sulfate or codeine phosphate in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia. Codeine hydrochloride is more common worldwide and the citrate, hydroiodide, hydrobromide, tartrate, and other salts are also seen. The chemical name"
"the same time. The brand name Numorphan is derived by analogy to the Nucodan name for an oxycodone product (or vice versa) as well as Paramorphan/Paramorfan for dihydromorphine and Paracodin (dihydrocodeine). The only commercially available salt of oxymorphone in most of the world at this time is the hydrochloride, which has a free base conversion ratio of 0.891, and oxymorphone hydrochloride monohydrate has a factor of 0.85. Generic pill markings are ATV10/APO; HK10 (10 mgs) oblong white and ATV20/APO; HK20 (20mgs) oblong white. In 1924, the United States Congress had banned the sale, importation, or manufacture of heroin, another opioid"
"Desoxymethyltestosterone Desoxymethyltestosterone (DMT), known by the nicknames Madol and Pheraplex, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which was never marketed for medical use. It was one of the first designer steroids to be marketed as a performance-enhancing drug to athletes and bodybuilders. Desoxymethyltestosterone is sometimes abbreviated as DMT, though it should not be confused with the hallucinogen dimethyltryptamine, which is also known by the same acronym. In animal studies, desoxymethyltestosterone has been found to bind to the androgen receptor (AR) about as half as strongly as DHT, and caused side"
"Dipropanoylmorphine Dipropanoylmorphine (Dipropionylmorphine in U.S. English) is an opiate derivative, the 3,6-dipropanoyl ester of morphine. It was developed in 1972 as an analgesic. It is rarely used in some countries for the relief of severe pain such as that caused by terminal cancer, as an alternative to diamorphine (heroin) and morphine. The drug was first synthesised circa or about 1875 in Great Britain along with many other esters of morphine, all of which were shelved at the time, some of which were later developed such as heroin (1898), acetylpropionylmorphine (1923), dibenzoylmorphine (1900 and/or 1924), and so on. The name of"
"1,2-Dichloroethane The chemical compound 1,2-dichloroethane commonly known as ethylene dichloride (EDC), is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colourless liquid with a chloroform-like odour. The most common use of 1,2-dichloroethane is in the production of vinyl chloride, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes, furniture and automobile upholstery, wall coverings, housewares, and automobile parts.1,2-Dichloroethane is also used generally as an intermediate for other organic chemical compounds and as a solvent. It forms azeotropes with many other solvents, including water (b.p. 70.5 °C) and other chlorocarbons. In 1794, physician Jan Rudolph Deiman, merchant Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk, chemist Anthoni"
"DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochlorine, originally developed as an insecticide, and ultimately becoming infamous for its environmental impacts. It was first synthesized in 1874 by the Austrian chemist Othmar Zeidler. DDT's insecticidal action was discovered by the Swiss chemist Paul Hermann Müller in 1939. DDT was used in the second half of World War II to control malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. Müller was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison"
"an active metabolite of a first-order active metabolite of oxycodone). It is distributed under the trade name Numorphan in some countries. It is controlled under the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs. Hydromorphinol Hydromorphinol (RAM-320, 14-Hydroxydihydromorphine), also is an opiate analogue that is a derivative of morphine, where the 14-position has been hydroxylated and the 7,8- double bond saturated. It has similar effects to morphine such as sedation, analgesia and respiratory depression, but is twice as potent as morphine and has a steeper dose-response curve and longer half-life. It is used in medicine as the bitartrate salt (free base conversion ratio"
"up the contention that morphine is one of the most euphoric drugs known, and via all but the IV route heroin and morphine cannot be distinguished according to studies because heroin is a prodrug for the delivery of systemic morphine. Chemical changes to the morphine molecule yield other euphorigenics such as dihydromorphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Hydal), and oxymorphone (Numorphan, Opana), as well as the latter three's methylated equivalents dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone, respectively; in addition to heroin, there are dipropanoylmorphine, diacetyldihydromorphine, and other members of the 3,6 morphine diester category like nicomorphine and other similar semi-synthetic opiates like desomorphine, hydromorphinol, etc."
"Dimethylglyoxime Dimethylglyoxime is a chemical compound described by the formula CHC(NOH)C(NOH)CH. Its abbreviation is dmgH for neutral form, and dmgH for anionic form, where H stands for hydrogen. This colourless solid is the dioxime derivative of the diketone butane-2,3-dione (also known as diacetyl). DmgH is used in the analysis of palladium or nickel. Its coordination complexes are of theoretical interest as models for enzymes and as catalysts. Many related ligands can be prepared from other diketones, e.g. benzil. Dimethylglyoxime can be prepared from butanone first by reaction with ethyl nitrite to give biacetyl monoxime. The second oxime is installed using"
"by the IUPAC as being unsuitable for this purpose, since it is already the name of a cyclic ether also known as tetrahydropyran. The simplest systematic name of water is ""hydrogen oxide"". This is analogous to related compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and deuterium oxide (heavy water). Using chemical nomenclature for type I ionic binary compounds, water would take the name ""hydrogen monoxide"" , but this is not among the names published by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Another name is ""dihydrogen monoxide"", which is a rarely used name of water, and mostly used"
"with phosphorus trichloride, forming diisopropylphosphite, which is chlorinated and further reacted with sodium fluoride to replace the chlorine atom with fluorine, thus giving diisopropyl fluorophosphate. DIPF is a diagnostic test for the presence of the active site Ser in serine proteases. The toxin, along with other neurotoxins is inactivated by the enzyme paraoxonase, which is present in widely varying levels in humans. It is marketed under many brand names including Difluorophate, Diflupyl, Diflurphate, Dyflos, Dyphlos, Fluropryl, Fluostigmine, Neoglaucit. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate Diisopropyl fluorophosphate is an oily, colorless liquid with the chemical formula CHFOP. It is used in medicine and as an"