"infected pig. The disease can be transmitted in feed containing infected meat scraps, or by direct contact with infected feces (such as in an improperly cleaned truck). After an incubation period up to 7 days, the signs associated with swine vesicular disease occur. The first sign is a transient mild fever. Other signs include: Young animals are more severely affected. Recovery often occurs within a week. Mortality is negligible. Swine vesicular disease has the same clinical signs as foot-and-mouth disease, and can only be diagnosed by laboratory testing. No vaccine exists for SVD. Prevention measures are similar to those for"
"are sometimes called San Miguel Sea Lion Virus. It is therefore assumed that the source of VESV was waste seafood fed to pigs or as garbage finding its way to pigs from farmed mink that were fed seafood. VESV was first diagnosed in pigs in Southern California in 1932. Because of its close similarity to FMD, all the pigs were destroyed. It kept reappearing in California from time to time, with the pigs being slaughtered each time. Then, in 1952, the virus escaped from California in a trainload of infected pork. Garbage-fed pig herds came down with the disease, and"
"the San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) was isolated from San Miguel Island sea lions. When inoculated experimentally into pigs, it caused typical signs of VESV. Once established within a herd, transmission from pig to pig is by direct contact. Initiation of new outbreaks starts by feeding infected uncooked pork scraps. Symptoms are very similar to FMD and include: Mortality is low, but there may be some deaths in suckling piglets. Growing pigs may become debilitated. Diagnosis requires laboratory tests. Serological methods such as complement fixation, serum neutralization and PCR are available. Virions consist of a capsid. Virus capsid is"
"Symposium about swine management, reproduction, and hygiene"". He divided his points by pig growth stage, and they can be loosely summarized as: Porcine circovirus associated disease Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD) and Porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), is a disease seen in domestic pigs. This disease causes illness in piglets, with clinical signs including progressive loss of body condition, visibly enlarged lymph nodes, difficulty in breathing, and sometimes diarrhea, pale skin, and jaundice. PCVD is very damaging to the pig-producing industry and has been reported worldwide. PCVD is caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The North American industry endorses ""PCVAD"""
"contagious viral disease of pigs, endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with no vaccine or treatment available. The ASF virus has spread through Georgia (2007) into Russia, then Ukraine, Belarus, and other Eastern European countries, and as of 2015 reports of outbreaks continue, mainly in wild boar. Mortality can be near-100 percent in some viral strains causing serious viral hemorrhagic disease while others can have more subtle clinical signs and be difficult to identify. ""With high virulent forms of the virus, ASF is characterized by high fever, loss of appetite, hemorrhages in the skin and internal organs, and death in 2-10 days"
"Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PED virus or PEDV) is a coronavirus that infects the cells lining the small intestine of a pig, causing porcine epidemic diarrhoea, a condition of severe diarrhea and dehydration. Older hogs mostly get sick and lose weight after being infected, whereas newborn piglets usually die within five days of contracting the virus. PEDV cannot be transmitted to humans, nor contaminate the human food supply. It was first discovered in Europe, but has become increasingly problematic in Asian countries, such as Korea, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Thailand. It has also spread to"
"Porcine circovirus associated disease Porcine circoviral disease (PCVD) and Porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), is a disease seen in domestic pigs. This disease causes illness in piglets, with clinical signs including progressive loss of body condition, visibly enlarged lymph nodes, difficulty in breathing, and sometimes diarrhea, pale skin, and jaundice. PCVD is very damaging to the pig-producing industry and has been reported worldwide. PCVD is caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The North American industry endorses ""PCVAD"" and European use ""PCVD"" to describe this disease. Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (""PMWS"") is the classic PCVD entity, caused by PCV-2. PCV-2"
"a lethal haemorraghic disease in domestic pigs. Some isolates can cause death of animals as quickly as a week after infection. In all other species, the virus causes no obvious disease. ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs, and warthogs. The disease was first described after European settlers brought pigs into areas endemic with ASFV and, as such, is an example of an 'emerging infectious disease'. ASFV is a large, icosahedral, double-stranded DNA virus with a linear genome containing at least 150 genes. The number"
"Vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV; often still referred to as VSV) is a virus in the family ""Rhabdoviridae""; the well-known rabies virus belongs to the same family. VSIV can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs. It has particular importance to farmers in certain regions of the world where it infects cattle. This is because its clinical presentation is identical to the very important foot and mouth disease virus. The virus is zoonotic and leads to a flu-like illness in infected humans. It is also a common laboratory virus used to study the properties of viruses in the"
"Bovine viral diarrhea Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) or bovine viral diarrhoea (UK English), and previously referred to as bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD), is a significant economic disease of cattle that is endemic in the majority of countries throughout the world. Worldwide reviews of the economically assessed production losses and intervention programs (e.g. eradication programs, vaccination strategies and biosecurity measures) incurred by BVD infection have been published. The causative agent, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), is a member of the genus ""Pestivirus"" of the family Flaviviridae. BVD infection results in a wide variety of clinical signs, due to its immunosuppressive effects,"
"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a virus that causes a disease of pigs, called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), also known as blue-ear pig disease (in Chinese, ""zhū láněr bìng"" 豬藍耳病). This economically important, panzootic disease causes reproductive failure in breeding stock and respiratory tract illness in young pigs. Initially referred to as ""mystery swine disease"" and ""mystery reproductive syndrome"", it was first reported in 1987 in North America (2) and Central Europe (3). The disease costs the United States swine industry around $644 million annually, and recent estimates in"
"without being transported between them in vesicles, supporting the cisternal maturation model of Golgi trafficking. Vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV; often still referred to as VSV) is a virus in the family ""Rhabdoviridae""; the well-known rabies virus belongs to the same family. VSIV can infect insects, cattle, horses and pigs. It has particular importance to farmers in certain regions of the world where it infects cattle. This is because its clinical presentation is identical to the very important foot and mouth disease virus. The virus is zoonotic and leads to a flu-like illness in infected humans. It"
"Sheeppox Sheeppox (or sheep pox, known as ""variola ovina"" in Latin, ""clavelée"" in French, ""Pockenseuche"" in German) is a highly contagious disease of sheep caused by a poxvirus different from the benign orf (or contagious ecthyma). This virus is in the family Poxviridae and genus Capripoxvirus. Sheeppox virus (SPV) is the most severe of all the animal pox diseases and can result in some of the most significant economic consequences due to poor wool and leather quality. Goatpox is a similar disease of goats, caused by a virus antigenically distinct from sheeppox virus. Sheeppox virus is approximately 150 kbp and"
"Porcine adenovirus Porcine adenovirus (aka pADV 1-5 or pADV A-C) is a member of the adenoviridae family. It causes gastrointestinal disease in young pigs and is thought to contribute to multifactorial porcine respiratory diseases complexes. Several strains of the virus can be found worldwide, and transmission occurs horizontally by the oro-faecal route. Infection is often subclinical, and when clinical signs are seen they are mild and short-lived. Gastrointestinal signs such as diarrhoea, anorexia and dehydration are most commonly seen in piglets. Reproductive signs such as abortion can be seen in adult sows. Respiratory signs such as coughing can be seen"
"enter a comatose state and then die. In pregnant sows, spontaneous abortions occur. In milder infections, affected pigs lose weight, becoming thin, and develop signs of pneumonia, skin ulcers, and swollen joints. The clinical symptoms of ASFV infection are very similar to classical swine fever, and the two diseases normally have to be distinguished by laboratory diagnosis. This diagnosis is usually performed by an ELISA or isolation of the virus from either the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, or serum of an infected pig. The first outbreak was retrospectively recognized as having occurred in 1907 after ASF was first described in"
"Sendai virus Sendai virus (SeV), previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family ""Paramyxoviridae"", a group of viruses featuring, notably, the genera ""Morbillivirus"" and ""Rubulavirus"". SeV is a member of genus ""Respirovirus"", members of which primarily infect mammals. SeV is responsible for a highly transmissible respiratory tract infection in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and occasionally pigs, and marmosets with infection passing through both air and direct contact routes. The virus can be detected in mouse colonies worldwide, generally in suckling to young"
"Centre for Diseases Control (NCDC), Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Government of India (GoI) had placed a tender to procure 8 kits of Assay sets, 37 kits of one step RT-PCR kit, and 36 kits of viral RNA extraction kits. Swine influenza Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as"
"significance. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family and is the cause of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. It is a non-enveloped, positive strand, RNA virus. FMDV is a highly contagious virus. It enters the body through inhalation. Pestiviruses have a single stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. They cause Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhea(BVD). Mucosal disease is a distinct, chronic persistent infection, whereas BVD is an acute infection. Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. The family includes equine"
"for two months. Sendai virus Sendai virus (SeV), previously also known as murine parainfluenza virus type 1 or hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ), is a negative sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the family ""Paramyxoviridae"", a group of viruses featuring, notably, the genera ""Morbillivirus"" and ""Rubulavirus"". SeV is a member of genus ""Respirovirus"", members of which primarily infect mammals. SeV is responsible for a highly transmissible respiratory tract infection in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and occasionally pigs, and marmosets with infection passing through both air and direct contact routes. The virus can be detected in mouse colonies worldwide, generally in"
"infection is most often transmitted into herds by introduction of acutely or latently infected pigs. Concerning transmission to cattle, see section above. Although no specific treatment for acute infection with SuHV1 is available, vaccination can alleviate clinical signs in pigs of certain ages. Typically, mass vaccination of all pigs on the farm with a modified live virus vaccine is recommended. Intranasal vaccination of sows and neonatal piglets one to seven days old, followed by intramuscular (IM) vaccination of all other swine on the premises, helps reduce viral shedding and improve survival. The modified live virus replicates at the site of"
"cases. Porcine stress syndrome Porcine stress syndrome, also known as malignant hyperthermia or PSS, is a condition in pigs. It is characterised by hyperthermia triggered by stress, anaesthesia with halothane or intense exercise. PSS may appear as sudden death in pigs, often after transport. It is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder due to a defective ryanodine receptor leading to huge calcium influx, muscle contracture and increase in metabolism. PSS can manifest itself in the abattoir as the production of Pale, Soft and Exudative meat due to a rapid fall in muscle pH and degradation of muscle proteins and structure. This"
"African swine fever virus African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF). The virus causes a haemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in pigs, but persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus ""Ornithodoros"", with no disease signs. ASFV is a large, double-stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells. ASFV infects domestic pigs, warthogs, and bushpigs, as well as soft ticks (""Ornithodoros""), which likely act as a vector. ASFV is the only known virus with a double-stranded DNA genome transmitted by arthropods. The virus causes"
"Classical swine fever Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera (also sometimes called pig plague based on the German word ""Schweinepest"") is a highly contagious disease of swine (Old World and New World pigs). Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions, and usually (particularly in young animals) death within 15 days. The signs are indistinguishable from those of African swine fever. A small fraction of the infected pigs may survive and are rendered immune. Artificial immunization procedures were first developed by Marion Dorset. The disease is endemic in much of Asia, Central and South America, and parts of Europe and"
"Porcine stress syndrome Porcine stress syndrome, also known as malignant hyperthermia or PSS, is a condition in pigs. It is characterised by hyperthermia triggered by stress, anaesthesia with halothane or intense exercise. PSS may appear as sudden death in pigs, often after transport. It is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder due to a defective ryanodine receptor leading to huge calcium influx, muscle contracture and increase in metabolism. PSS can manifest itself in the abattoir as the production of Pale, Soft and Exudative meat due to a rapid fall in muscle pH and degradation of muscle proteins and structure. This meat"
"Shope papilloma virus The Shope papilloma virus (SPV), also known as cottontail rabbit papilloma virus (CRPV) or Kappapapillomavirus 2, is a papillomavirus which infects certain leporids, causing keratinous carcinomas resembling horns, typically on or near the animal’s head. The carcinomas can metastasize or become large enough to interfere with the host’s ability to eat, causing starvation. Richard E. Shope investigated the horns and discovered the virus in 1933, an important breakthrough in the study of papillomaviruses and neoplasia. The virus was originally discovered in cottontail rabbits in the Midwestern U.S., but can also infect brush rabbits, black-tailed jackrabbits, snowshoe hares,"
"Bovine adenovirus Bovine Adenovirus, also known as BAdV, is a member of the Adenoviridae family that causes disease in cattle. There are 10 serotypes recognised and the virus had a worldwide distribution—being particularly common in Africa and Central America. Infection usually results in disease of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. Infection may also cause ocular or generalised signs and may contribute to enzootic pneumonia, depending on the serotype of the virus. However, infection may not always result in disease as the virus can be isolated in healthy cattle. Once infected, the cattle shed the virus for approximately 10 days in"
"and goats in the village were slaughtered. Throughout the past decade, LSD occurrences have been reported in Middle Eastern, European, and west Asian regions. Lumpy skin disease Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle caused by a virus of the family ""Poxviridae"", also known as Neethling virus. The disease is characterized by fever, enlarged superficial lymph nodes and multiple nodules (measuring 2–5 cm in diameter) on the skin and mucous membranes (including those of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts). Infected cattle also may develop edematous swelling in their limbs and exhibit lameness. The virus has important economic"
"Streptococcus suis Streptococcus suis is a peanut-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium, and an important pathogen of pigs. Endemic in nearly all countries with an extensive pig industry, ""S. suis"" is also a zoonotic disease, capable of transmission to humans from pigs. Humans can be infected with ""S. suis"" when they handle infected pig carcasses or meat, especially with exposed cuts and abrasions on their hands. Human infection can be severe, with meningitis, septicaemia, endocarditis, and deafness as possible outcomes of infection. Fatal cases of ""S. suis"" are uncommon, but not unknown. Penicillin is the most common antibiotic used in treatment of ""S."
"Swine influenza Swine influenza is an infection caused by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses. Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H2N1, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. The Swine flu was initially seen in humans in Mexico in 2009, where the strain of the particular virus was a mixture from 3 types of strains. Six of the genes are very similar"
"Rabbit haemorrhagic disease Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD), also known as rabbit calicivirus disease (RCD) or viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD), is a highly infectious and often fatal disease that affects wild and domestic rabbits of the species ""Oryctolagus cuniculus"". The infectious agent responsible for the disease is rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), or rabbit calicivirus (RCV), genus ""Lagovirus"" of the family Caliciviridae. The virus infects only rabbits, and has been used in some countries to control rabbit populations. RHD first appeared in the Winter of 1983 in Jiangsu Province of the People's Republic of China. It was first isolated and characterized"
"Gallid herpesvirus 1 Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) (also known as Avian herpesvirus 1) is a virus of the family ""Herpesviridae"" that causes avian infectious laryngotracheitis. It was originally recognized as a disease of chickens in the United States in 1926. The disease also occurs in pheasants. The disease is usually referred to as infectious laryngotracheitis or simply LT in the poultry industry. It is widely viewed as one of the most contagious viruses that affect the poultry industry. A confirmed case will usually result in the establishment of a quarantine zone around the farm. Inside this quarantine zone, poultry workers"
"This novel virus spread worldwide and had caused about 17,000 deaths by the start of 2010. On August 10, 2010, the World Health Organization declared the H1N1 influenza pandemic over, saying worldwide flu activity had returned to typical seasonal patterns. Swine influenza (swine flu or pig flu) is a respiratory disease that occurs in pigs that is caused by the Influenza A virus. Influenza viruses that are normally found in swine are known as swine influenza viruses (SIVs). The known SIV strains include influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3. Pigs"
"North America: it was discovered in the United States on May 5, 2013 in Indiana, and in Canada in the winter of 2014. In January 2014, a new variant strain of PEDV with three deletions, one insertion, and several mutations in S (spike) 1 region was identified in Ohio by the Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab of Ohio Department of Agriculture. PEDV has a substantial economic burden given that it is highly infectious, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in piglets. Morbidity and mortality rates were lower for vaccinated herds than for nonvaccinated herds, which suggests the emergence of a new"