"Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell was a volume of poetry published jointly by the three Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily and Anne in 1846 (see 1846 in poetry), and their first work to ever go in print. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, the Brontë sisters adopted masculine first names. All three retained the first letter of their first names: Charlotte became ""Currer Bell"", Anne became ""Acton Bell"", and Emily became ""Ellis Bell"". The book was printed by Aylott and Jones, from London. The first edition failed to attract interest, with"
"Angels family vault in Haworth. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Emily Brontë Emily Jane Brontë (, ; 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, ""Wuthering Heights"", now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third-eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in Market Street in the village of Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern"
"Emily Brontë Emily Jane Brontë (, ; 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848) was an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, ""Wuthering Heights"", now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third-eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 in Market Street in the village of Thornton on the outskirts of Bradford, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in Northern England, to Maria Branwell and an Irish father,"
"failed to attract pupils. Instead they turned to writing and they each first published in 1846 under the pseudonyms of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Her first novel ""The Professor"" was rejected by publishers, her second novel ""Jane Eyre"" was published in 1847. The sisters admitted to their Bell pseudonyms in 1848, and by the following year were celebrated in London literary circles. Brontë experienced the early deaths of all her siblings. She became pregnant shortly after her marriage in June 1854 but died on 31 March 1855 of tuberculosis or possibly typhus. Charlotte Brontë was born on 21 April"
"each other, while Charlotte was excluded from their privacy. Around this time she had written one of her most famous poems ""No coward soul is mine"", probably as an answer to the violation of her privacy and her own transformation into a published writer. Despite Charlotte's later claim, it was not her last poem. In 1846, the sisters' poems were published in one volume as ""Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell"". The Brontë sisters had adopted pseudonyms for publication, preserving their initials: Charlotte was ""Currer Bell"", Emily was ""Ellis Bell"" and Anne was ""Acton Bell"". Charlotte wrote in the"
"Brontë family The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family, born in the village of Thornton and later associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality. Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"" was the first to know success, while Emily's ""Wuthering Heights"", Anne's ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" and other works were"
"It features his most memorable character, the engagingly roguish Becky Sharp. The Brontë sisters were other significant novelists in the 1840s and 1850s. Their novels caused a sensation when they were first published but were subsequently accepted as classics. They had written compulsively from early childhood and were first published, at their own expense in 1846 as poets under the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The sisters returned to prose, producing a novel each the following year: Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"", Emily's ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne's ""Agnes Grey"". Later, Anne's ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" (1848) and Charlotte's ""Villette"" (1853)"
"""Wuthering Heights"" and ""Agnes Grey"", had launched a rumour that the three novels were the work of one author, understood to be Ellis Bell (Emily). George Smith was extremely surprised to find two gawky, ill-dressed country girls paralysed with fear, who, to identify themselves, held out the letters addressed to ""Messrs. Acton, Currer and Ellis Bell"". Taken by such surprise, he introduced them to his mother with all the dignity their talent merited, and invited them to the opera for a performance of Rossini's ""Barber of Seville"". Emily Brontë's ""Wuthering Heights"" was published in 1847 under the masculine pseudonym Ellis"
"in various animals, including humans, and Peter Brontë Gatenby, the Medical Director of the UN. Notes Footnotes Bibliography Brontë family The Brontës () were a nineteenth-century literary family, born in the village of Thornton and later associated with the village of Haworth in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The sisters, Charlotte (1816–1855), Emily (1818–1848), and Anne (1820–1849), are well known as poets and novelists. Like many contemporary female writers, they originally published their poems and novels under male pseudonyms: Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Their stories immediately attracted attention for their passion and originality. Charlotte's ""Jane Eyre"" was the"
"Agnes Grey Agnes Grey, A Novel is the debut novel of English author Anne Brontë (writing under the pen name of Acton Bell), first published in December 1847, and republished in a second edition in 1850. The novel follows Agnes Grey, a governess, as she works within families of the English gentry. Scholarship and comments by Anne's sister Charlotte Brontë suggest the novel is largely based on Anne Brontë's own experiences as a governess for five years. Like her sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"", it addresses what the precarious position of governess entailed and how it affected a young woman."
"know that the books related to people of the neighbourhood. The Brontës used their neighbours as inspiration for characters in many of their books. Anne Brontë published ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"" under the name Acton Bell. Charlotte Brontë published ""Shirley"" and ""Jane Eyre"" under the name Currer Bell. Emily Brontë published ""Wuthering Heights"" as Ellis Bell. A well-known example of the former is Mary Ann Evans, who wrote as George Eliot. Another example is Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, a 19th-century French writer who used the pen name George Sand. In contrast, some twentieth and twenty first century male romance"
"that his ""preoccupation with style must have blinded him to the persistence of her moral purpose"" of Agnes Grey. Agnes Grey Agnes Grey, A Novel is the debut novel of English author Anne Brontë (writing under the pen name of Acton Bell), first published in December 1847, and republished in a second edition in 1850. The novel follows Agnes Grey, a governess, as she works within families of the English gentry. Scholarship and comments by Anne's sister Charlotte Brontë suggest the novel is largely based on Anne Brontë's own experiences as a governess for five years. Like her sister Charlotte's"
"Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë's only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym ""Ellis Bell"". It was written between October 1845 and June 1846. ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne Brontë's ""Agnes Grey"" were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"". After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of ""Wuthering Heights"" and arranged for the edited version to be published as a posthumous second edition in 1850. Although ""Wuthering Heights"" is now a classic of English literature, contemporary reviews were deeply polarised; it was controversial because of its unusually stark depiction of"
"with the publication of ""Wuthering Heights"" by Ellis Bell (Emily) and ""Agnes Grey"" by Acton Bell (Anne). Accompanying the speculation was a change in the critical reaction to Brontë's work, as accusations were made that the writing was ""coarse"", a judgement more readily made once it was suspected that Currer Bell was a woman. However, sales of ""Jane Eyre"" continued to be strong and may even have increased as a result of the novel developing a reputation as an ""improper"" book. A talented amateur artist, Brontë personally did the drawings for the second edition of ""Jane Eyre"" and in the"
"author Hilary Scharper's ecogothic novel ""Perdita"" (2013) was deeply influenced by ""Wuthering Heights,"" namely in terms of the narrative role of powerful, cruel and desolate landscapes.<ref>Bob Douglas, ""The Eco-Gothic: Hilary Scharper's Perdita"", ""Critics at Large"", 19 Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë's only novel, was published in 1847 under the pseudonym ""Ellis Bell"". It was written between October 1845 and June 1846. ""Wuthering Heights"" and Anne Brontë's ""Agnes Grey"" were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of their sister Charlotte's novel ""Jane Eyre"". After Emily's death, Charlotte edited the manuscript of ""Wuthering Heights"" and arranged for the edited"
"""per se"""". Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë (, ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839 she undertook the role as governess for the Sidgwick family, but left after a few months to return to Haworth where the sisters opened a"
"Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë (, ; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels became classics of English literature. She enlisted in school at Roe Head in January 1831, aged 14 years. She left the year after to teach her sisters, Emily and Anne, at home, returning in 1835 as a governess. In 1839 she undertook the role as governess for the Sidgwick family, but left after a few months to return to Haworth where the sisters opened a school, but"
"The pseudonyms veiled the sisters' sex while preserving their initials; thus Charlotte was Currer Bell. ""Bell"" was the middle name of Haworth's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls whom Charlotte later married, and ""Currer"" was the surname of Frances Mary Richardson Currer who had funded their school (and maybe their father). Of the decision to use ""noms de plume"", Charlotte wrote: Although only two copies of the collection of poems were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels, continuing to use their ""noms de plume"" when sending manuscripts to potential publishers. Brontë's first manuscript, ""The Professor"", did"
"Elizabeth Branwell Elizabeth Branwell (1776 in Penzance, Cornwall – 29 October 1842 in Haworth, Yorkshire) was the aunt of the literary sisters Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, and Anne Brontë. Called 'Aunt Branwell', she helped raise the Brontë children after her sister, Maria Branwell, died in 1821. She managed the household until her own death in 1842. Elizabeth Branwell was one of twelve children born to the Cornish couple Thomas Branwell and Anne Carne in Penzance, Cornwall. The family was very successful in the import and export trade while her father owned a brewery, an inn and the largest grocers' emporium"
"The Tenant of Wildfell Hall The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is the second and final novel by the English author Anne Brontë. It was first published in 1848 under the pseudonym Acton Bell. Probably the most shocking of the Brontës' novels, it had an instant and phenomenal success, but after Anne's death her sister Charlotte prevented its re-publication. The novel is framed as a series of letters from Gilbert Markham to his friend and brother-in-law about the events connected with the meeting of his wife. A mysterious young widow arrives at Wildfell Hall, an Elizabethan mansion which has been empty"
"Ellie Campbell (author) Ellie Campbell is a pseudonym for sisters, Pam Burks and Lorraine Campbell, who have co-authored and published five novels together, Lorraine Campbell living in Boulder, Colorado and Pam Burks in Reigate, Surrey. They collaborate by email, Skype and telephone. Both sisters were born in Scotland and lived much of their early lives in Edinburgh, Bognor Regis and London. They wrote short stories independently for many years before deciding to become a writing team. They write women's fiction, mostly set in Britain, featuring humor and romance but their contemporary flawed characters and dramatic situations often revolve around heroines"
"'Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell' that their ""ambiguous choice"" was ""dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because... we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice"". Charlotte contributed 19 poems, and Emily and Anne each contributed 21. Although the sisters were told several months after publication that only two copies had sold, they were not discouraged (of their two readers, one was impressed enough to request their autographs). ""The Athenaeum"" reviewer praised Ellis Bell's work for"
"of poetry with her sisters (""Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell"", 1846) and two novels. ""Agnes Grey"", based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second and last novel, ""The Tenant of Wildfell Hall"", which is considered to be one of the first sustained feminist novels, appeared in 1848. Like her poems, both her novels were first published under the masculine pen name of Acton Bell. Anne's life was cut short when she died of what is now suspected to be pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 29. Partly because the re-publication of ""The Tenant"
"publication of the novel, Shirley was an uncommon – but distinctly male – name and would have been an unusual name for a woman. Today it is regarded as a distinctly female name and an uncommon male name. While Brontë was writing ""Shirley"", three of her siblings died. Her brother Branwell died in September 1848, and her sister Emily fell ill and died in December. Brontë resumed writing, but then her only remaining sibling, her sister Anne, became ill and died in May 1849. Some critics believe that the character of Caroline Helstone was loosely based on Anne and it"
"at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. The film stars Isabelle Adjani as Emily, Marie-France Pisier as Charlotte and Isabelle Huppert as Anne. Pascal Greggory plays their brother Branwell Brontë. The plot centers on the sisters' sombre relationship with Branwell. Set in a careful recreation of the period, the film follows the bleak lives of the four siblings in less than a ten-year span. It begins in 1834, when, at the age of seventeen, Branwell painted the famous portrait of his three sisters, in which he originally included his own image, and ends around 1852 when Charlotte, now a famous author,"
"but as a major literary figure in her own right. Sally McDonald of the Brontë Society said in 2013, ""In some ways though she is now viewed as the most radical of the sisters, writing about tough subjects such as women's need to maintain independence and how alcoholism can tear a family apart."" In 2016, Lucy Mangan championed Anne Brontë in the BBC's Being the Brontës, declaring that ""her time has come"". Anne Brontë Anne Brontë (, ; 17 January 1820 – 28 May 1849) was an English novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family. The"
"25 October 1842. Branwell, rumoured to have been Elizabeth's favourite, was devastated. He wrote to a friend ""I have now lost the guide and director of all the happy days connected with my childhood."" She was buried in the family vault near the remains of her sister and two nieces. Elizabeth Branwell Elizabeth Branwell (1776 in Penzance, Cornwall – 29 October 1842 in Haworth, Yorkshire) was the aunt of the literary sisters Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, and Anne Brontë. Called 'Aunt Branwell', she helped raise the Brontë children after her sister, Maria Branwell, died in 1821. She managed the household"
"Ellis, and Acton Bell"", originally published by Aylott and Jones. The remaining print run was bought by Smith and Elder, and reissued under new covers in November 1848. It still sold poorly. Although Anne and her sisters were only in their late twenties, a highly successful literary career appeared a certainty for them. However, an impending tragedy was to engulf the family. Within the next ten months, three of the siblings, including Anne, would be dead. Branwell's health had deteriorated over two years, but its seriousness was disguised by his persistent drunkenness. He died on the morning of 24 September"
"in a collection of letters, her sister Charlotte wrote about how Emily had to work from 6 a.m. to 11 p.m. each day and was more of a governess than a teacher. Emily wrote poetry while at Law Hill and became fascinated by the story of intrigue and feuding which surrounded the house's builder, Jack Sharp, and his near neighbours, the Walker family of Walterclough Hall. It is said she reflected the story in the plot of her novel ""Wuthering Heights"" and that the central character Heathcliff was based on Sharp himself. A plaque on the wall commemorates Brontë's stay"
"at Head Roe. After 1834, Charlotte and Branwell concentrated on an evolution of the ""Glass Town Confederacy"" called ""Anglria"". Glass Town Glass Town is a fictitious world created by siblings of the Brontë family--Charlotte Brontë, Branwell Brontë, Emily Brontë, and Anne Brontë. It first appeared in December 1827. The ""Glass Town"" writings constitute the Brontë ""Juvenilia"". Glass Town was initiated by Charlotte Bronte and her brother Branwëll. Emily and Anne Brontë participated in the further developments of this imaginary world. However, from 1831 onwards, Emily and Anne 'seceded' from the ""Glass Town Confederacy"" to create a 'spin-off' called ""Gondal"", which"
"has been speculated that Brontë originally planned to let Caroline die but changed her mind because of her family tragedies. However, Ellen Nussey, Charlotte's lifelong friend, claimed that the character of Caroline was based on herself. Charlotte Brontë told Elizabeth Gaskell that Shirley is what she believed her sister, Emily Brontë, would have been if she had been born into a wealthy family. Again, Ellen Nussey, who knew Emily as well as anyone outside the family, didn't recognise her in Shirley. The maiden name of Mrs. Pryor is Agnes Grey, the name of the main character in Anne's first novel."
"not secure a publisher, although she was heartened by an encouraging response from Smith, Elder & Co. of Cornhill, who expressed an interest in any longer works Currer Bell might wish to send. Brontë responded by finishing and sending a second manuscript in August 1847. Six weeks later, ""Jane Eyre"" was published. It tells the story of a plain governess, Jane, who, after difficulties in her early life, falls in love with her employer, Mr Rochester. They marry, but only after Rochester's insane first wife, of whom Jane initially has no knowledge, dies in a dramatic house fire. The book's"
"Elizabeth Gaskell Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, (""née"" Stevenson; 29 September 1810 – 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer, and short story writer. Her novels offer a detailed portrait of the lives of many strata of Victorian society, including the very poor, and are of interest to social historians as well as lovers of literature. Her first novel, ""Mary Barton"", was published in 1848. Gaskell's ""The Life of Charlotte Brontë"", published in 1857, was the first biography of Brontë. In this biography, she only wrote of the moral, sophisticated things in Brontë’s life, the"