"the Republican government and the committed support of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany for the Nationalists. In the early days of the war, over 50,000 people who were caught on the ""wrong"" side of the lines were assassinated or summarily executed. In these ""paseos"" (""promenades""), as the executions were called, the victims were taken from their refuges or jails by armed people to be shot outside of town. Probably the most famous such victim was the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca. The outbreak of the war provided an excuse for settling accounts and resolving long-standing feuds. Thus, this practice"
"Blood Wedding Blood Wedding () is a tragedy by Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. It was written in 1932 and first performed at Teatro Beatriz in Madrid in March 1933, then later that year in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Theatre critics often group ""Blood Wedding"" with Lorca's ""Yerma"" and ""The House of Bernarda Alba"" as the ""rural trilogy"". Lorca's planned ""trilogy of the Spanish earth"" remained unfinished at the time of his death, as he did not include ""The House of Bernarda Alba"" in this group of works. As the play opens, The Mother speaks with her son, The Groom. Act"
"The Butterfly's Evil Spell The Butterfly's Evil Spell (""El maleficio de la mariposa"") was the first play by the twentieth-century Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. A symbolist work drawing inspiration from Yeats and Maeterlinck, especially the latter's ""The Blue Bird"" (1905), Lorca's play deals with an injured butterfly, temporarily stranded amongst other insects, that flies away despite a cockroach's love for her. Written at the invitation of impresario Gregorio Martínez Sierra, it was first staged at Madrid's Teatro Eslava on 22 March 1920 with ballet dancer Encarnación López Júlvez, called ""La Argentinita"", as the Butterfly, and Catalina Bárcena as the"
"The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War is a collection of works by Ernest Hemingway. It contains Hemingway's only full length play, ""The Fifth Column"", which was previously published along with the ""First Forty-Nine Stories"" in 1938, along with four unpublished works about Hemingway's experiences during the Spanish Civil War. The four stories are about the Spanish Civil War: ""The Denunciation,"" ""The Butterfly and the Tank,"" ""Night Before Battle,"" and ""Under The Ridge"". Chicote's bar and the Hotel Florida in Madrid are recurrent settings in"
"in 1918 by writing the pastoral poem ""Canto a la Espiga y al Arado"", and released his first drama play, ""El Huerto de la Epopeya"". That year he was put in jail by protesting against the government. In 1923 got his first prize at the ""Juegos Florales"" (Floral Games) in Santander, Cantabria, Spain with the poem ""Canto a España"" (A Song to Spain). He traveled to Spain to receive the reward and stayed there for more than a year. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Venezuela from 15 February 1948 until 24 November 1948. He died in Mexico City,"
"Antonio Buero Vallejo Antonio Buero Vallejo (September 29, 1916, Guadalajara - April 29, 2000, Madrid) was a Spanish playwright associated with the Generation of '36 movement and considered the most important Spanish dramatist of the Spanish Civil War. During his career he won three National Theater Prizes (in 1957, 1958 and 1959), a National Theater Prize for all his career in 1980, the National Literature Prize in 1996, and the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, Spain's highest literary honour, in 1986. From 1971 until his death he was a member of the Real Academia Española. From 1934 to 1936 Vallejo studied"
"where he lived has been kept as a shrine and contains original writings and drawings of his. Federico García Lorca Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca, known as Federico García Lorca (; 5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting of mostly poets who introduced the tenets of European movements (such as symbolism, futurism, and surrealism) into Spanish literature. He was executed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. His"
"The ""Poema trágico"" has been utilized by John Fletcher in ""The Spanish Curate"" and in ""The Maid of the Mill"". The ""Historias peregrinas"" has been reprinted (1906) with a valuable introduction by Emilio Cotarelo y Mori. Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses (1585? – January 27, 1638) was a Spanish novelist. He was born at Madrid about 1585. Nothing positive is known of him before the publication of his celebrated romance, the ""Poema trágico del español Gerardo, y desengaño del amor lascivo"" (1615-1617). There is evidence that he had been sentenced to eight years at the"
"Federico García Lorca Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca, known as Federico García Lorca (; 5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936), was a Spanish poet, playwright, and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27, a group consisting of mostly poets who introduced the tenets of European movements (such as symbolism, futurism, and surrealism) into Spanish literature. He was executed by Nationalist forces at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. His body has never been found. In 2008, a Spanish judge opened an investigation into Lorca's death. The"
"the Immaculate Conception, that were awarded in a Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico contest. He also has sonnets, octaves and a romance entitled ""Relación fúnebre a la infeliz, trágica muerte de dos caballeros..."" (""Funeral relation to the unhappy, tragic death of two gentlemen...""), in which he describes the Martín Cortés' (son of Hernán Cortés) and brothers Ávila's conspiration, both creoles sons of conquistadors. He wrote the theatre plays: Luis de Sandoval Zapata Luis de Sandoval y Zapata was a poet born in New Spain, probably between 1618 and 1629. He died in Mexico City in 1671. It is considered"
"these stories. The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War is a collection of works by Ernest Hemingway. It contains Hemingway's only full length play, ""The Fifth Column"", which was previously published along with the ""First Forty-Nine Stories"" in 1938, along with four unpublished works about Hemingway's experiences during the Spanish Civil War. The four stories are about the Spanish Civil War: ""The Denunciation,"" ""The Butterfly and the Tank,"" ""Night Before Battle,"" and ""Under The Ridge"". Chicote's bar and the Hotel Florida in Madrid are recurrent"
"Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas () (10 March 179122 June 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba. He is best known for his play ""Don Álvaro; o, La fuerza del sino"" (1835), the first romantic success in the Spanish theater. He fought in the war of independence, was a prominent member of the advanced Liberal party from 1820 to 1823. In 1823, Rivas was condemned to death for his liberal views and fled to England. He lived successively in Italy, Malta and"
"entered into the Franciscan monastery of San Antonio de Herbón, situated in a village near Padrón. He died at San Antonio de Herbón. A probably apocryphal tale of Rodríguez's life, by an anonymous writer of the 16th century, states that the poet went to France, became the lover of the French queen, and was killed near Calais after trying to escape to England. His works include a sentimental, semi-chivalresque romance called ""Siervo libre de amor"" (1439), the moralistic treatise ""Cadira de Honor"" (1440), and another sentimental romance called ""Triunfo de las donas"" (1445), the latter of which includes 40 feminist"
"The Blind Sunflowers The Blind Sunflowers (Spanish: Los girasoles ciegos) is a 2004 Spanish novel written by Alberto Méndez. This novel was adapted into a film with the same name in 2008. There are four parts in the book that each contains a story about the Spanish Civil War. The Blind Sunflowers fourth part has three narratives throughout the story. One of the narratives is Lorenzo, who is remembering the past, his childhood during the aftermaths of the Spanish civil war. Another narrative is the Priest, Brother Salvador. His narrative is more of a confessional. He writes a letter in"
"Jorge Ibargüengoitia Jorge Ibargüengoitia Antillón (born January 22, 1928 in Guanajuato, Mexico; died November 27, 1983 in Mejorada del Campo, Madrid, Spain) was a Mexican novelist and playwright who achieved great popular and critical success with his satires, three of which have appeared in English: ""Las Muertas"" (""The Dead Girls""), ""Dos Crímenes"" (""Two Crimes""), and ""Los Relámpagos de Agosto"" (""The Lightning of August""). His plays include ""Susana y los Jóvenes"" and ""Ante varias esfinges"", both dating from the 1950s. In 1955, Ibarguengoitia received a Rockefeller grant to study in New York City; five years later he received the Mexico City"
"""Letras"" and publishing an anti-war poem, ""La Canción de la guerra"", in 1915 during the First World War. He returned to Murcia in 1931, releasing his final book, ""Belén de pastores y villancicos"", there; but with the Spanish Civil War on the verge of breaking out, he was advised to return to Argentina for his safety and he did so in 1936, already ill. He died in 1937 in Rosario, Santa Fe, where he is buried at Cemetery of La Piedad. Vicente Medina Vicente Tomás Medina (; 27 October 1886 – 17 August 1937) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and"
"Antonio de Torquemada ""For other people with this surname, see Torquemada"" Antonio de Torquemada (circa 1507, León, Spain - 1569), was a Spanish writer of the Renaissance. He studied humanities in Salamanca. Between 1528 and 1530 he lived in Italy and he was secretary of the Count of Benavente. He composed popular works that were translated in France, Italy and England. His ""Satirical Colloquies"" are developed in a pastoral frame, that is an advance to the pastoral literature. His most famous work, ""Garden of Peculiar Flowers"", was mentioned by Miguel de Cervantes in the first part of ""Quijote"". His complete"
"José Agustín Goytisolo José Agustín Goytisolo Gay (Barcelona, 13 April 1928 – 19 March 1999) was a Spanish poet, scholar and essayist. He was the brother of Juan Goytisolo and Luis Goytisolo, also writers. Born in Barcelona on 13 April 1928, in an upper class Spanish-only speaking family (that is, not Catalan-speaking), his family was brutally shaken by the death of his mother (Julia Gay) in a Nationalist bombardment in 1938. José Agustín was specially affected, and named his daughter after his lost mother. In ""Words for Julia"", one of his best-known poems (sung by Paco Ibáñez and Los Suaves,"
"The House of Bernarda Alba The House of Bernarda Alba () is a play by the Spanish dramatist Federico García Lorca. Commentators have often grouped it with ""Blood Wedding"" and ""Yerma"" as a ""rural trilogy"". Lorca did not include it in his plan for a ""trilogy of the Spanish land"" (which remained unfinished at the time of his murder). Lorca described the play in its subtitle as ""a drama of women in the villages of Spain"". ""The House of Bernarda Alba"" was Lorca's last play, completed on 19 June 1936, two months before Lorca's death during the Spanish Civil War."
"marriage of Quevedo"""") and ""Don Tomás o El loco de la guardilla"" (""loosely ""Don Thomas or the crazy guardsman""""). Narciso Serra Narciso Serra (24 February 1830 - 26 September 1877) was a Spanish poet and dramatist. Narciso Saénz Díez Serra was born in Madrid. According to his birth registration he was the son of the businessman Alejandro Saénz Díez and his future wife, Carlota María Petra Serra Ortega. His paternity is widely ascribed to the soldier-writer Antonio Ros de Olano, however. After he grew up Narciso Serra decided to dispense with his paternal surname which, under Spanish naming conventions, would"
"literary award. He died in Avianca Flight 011 on route Frankfurt via Paris, Madrid, and Caracas to Bogotá that crashed on November 27, 1983. . Often, in his fiction, he took real-life scandals and subjected them to whimsical, sardonic treatment. Thus, ""Los Relámpagos de Agosto"" (1964) uses cartoonish mayhem to debunk the Mexican Revolution's heroic myths; improbably it won for its author the ""Premio Casa de las Américas"", despite or because of the consternation which its flippancy caused. For ""Las Muertas"" (1977) he turned to the most outrageous criminals of his native state: the brothel-keepers Delfina and María de Jesús"
"of the symbolist verse of Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud have appeared in modern anthologies. Intriguingly, Campbell also produced sensitive translations into English of Federico García Lorca, an acclaimed poet who was murdered at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War by anti-communist death squads. In verse commemorating Lorca's death, Campbell wrote, <poem> Not only did he lose his life By shots assassinated: But with a hammer and a knife Was after that—translated. </poem> Roy Campbell died in a car accident near Setúbal, Portugal, on Easter Monday, 1957, when a car driven by his wife hit a tree. At the"
"Mercè Rodoreda Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí (; 10 October 1908 – 13 April 1983) was a Spanish novelist, who wrote in Catalan. She has been called the most important Catalan novelist of the postwar period. Her novel ""La plaça del diamant"" ('The diamond square', translated as ""The Time of the Doves"", 1962) has become the most popular Catalan novel to date and has been translated into over 30 languages. Some critics consider it to be one of the best novels published in Spain after the Spanish Civil War. She was born at 340 ""carrer de Balmes, Barcelona"", in 1908. Her"
"and, in response to Barrientos' suit, condemned Enrique de Villena to prison. These events are well attested in unpublished works authored by Barrientos, which still exist in Salamanca, such as his ""Tratado de caso e fortuna"" (Treatise on Prophesies). After Villena died in jail in 1434, King John II submitted his library to Barrientos for investigation. Barrientos ordered the majority of the manuscripts burned, but preserved a few. The poet, Juan de Mena (1411–1456), a chronicler of King John II's life, skewered Barrientos for these deeds in his ""Laberinto de fortuna"" (""Labyrinth of Fortune""), a 300-octave poem which explicitly mirrors"
"the Eslava, his first play, ""El maleficio de la mariposa"" ('The Curse of the Butterfly'), in 1920. Gregorio Martínez Sierra Gregorio Martínez Sierra (6 May 1881 – 1 October 1947) was a Spanish writer, poet, dramatist, and theatre director, a key figure in the revival of the Spanish theatrical avant-garde in the early twentieth century. Martínez Sierra's literary career began at the age of 17 with the publication of ""El poema del trabajo"" ('The Poem of Work', 1898), a volume of poetry in the modernist style. His subsequent books of poetry included ""Diálogos fantásticos"" ('Fantastic Dialogues', 1899), ""Flores de escarcha"""
"Alonso de Ercilla Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga (; August 7, 1533November 29, 1594) was a Spanish nobleman, soldier and epic poet, born in Madrid. While in Chile (1556–63) he fought against the Araucanians (Mapuche), and there he began the epic poem ""La Araucana"", considered one of the greatest Spanish historical poems. This heroic work in 37 cantos is divided into three parts, published in 1569, 1578, and 1589. It tells of the courageous insurrection of the Araucanians and also relates the history of Chile and of contemporary Spain. Ercilla was born into a Basque noble family. His father was"
"Spanish Romantic drama, featuring such novelties as combining prose and verse. Born in Valladolid, 1817 and died in Madrid, in 1893. He started his career in literature by reading verses at the funeral of Larra, with which he earned great fame. He married a widow sixteen years younger than him, but the marriage failed and, fleeing from her, he went to France and then to Mexico in 1855, where the emperor Maximiliano named him director of the National Theater. Upon returning to Spain in 1866 he was greeted with enthusiasm. He married again and, with constant monetary penuries, he had"
"Aurora de Albornoz Aurora de Albornoz (January 22, 1926 – June 6, 1990) was born in Luarca, Asturias, Spain. As a youth, she lived in Luarca with her parents, sister, and extended family, throughout the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939— an event that inspired her later poetry. Her family was a noted family of poets and politicians. Her grandfather and father were well known local poets. Her father’s uncle, Álvaro de Albornoz y Liminiana, was the minister of the Department of Justice of the Republican government of Spain until the Civil War. Eventually, he became the president of"
"startling in Spain than this wild and mountainous city."") Hemingway's novel ""For Whom the Bell Tolls"" describes the execution of Nationalist sympathizers early in the Spanish Civil War. The Republicans murder the Nationalists by throwing them from cliffs in an Andalusian village, and Hemingway allegedly based the account on killings that took place in Ronda at the cliffs of ""El Tajo"". Orson Welles said he was inspired by his frequent trips to Spain and Ronda (e.g. his unfinished film about Don Quixote). After he died in 1985, his ashes were buried in a well on the rural property of his"
"being shot by order of Simón Bolívar, thanks to the intervention of Marshal Antonio Gutiérrez de la Fuente. He was graduated as colonel, and in Trujillo he was a member of the superior court in May 1830. He married in 1812, in San Jerónimo de Ica, with Manuela Valdivieso and Rizo de la Prada, with whom he had three children. He was the author of the lyrics of the National Anthem, whose music was written by José Bernardo Alcedo. He also wrote the lyrics of the patriotic song ""La Chicha"", with music by Alcedo. It was titled, tardily, of lawyer."
"Homenaje a Federico García Lorca On 19 August 1936, the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca was murdered by fascist militia forces. Outraged, along with many other intellectuals and artists, in October Revueltas composed """", one of his most important works, which was premiered on 14 November 1936 conducted by the composer (; ). It was given its first Spanish performance at the in Madrid on 17 September 1937 . The work is scored for a chamber orchestra of piccolo, E clarinet, two trumpets, trombone, tuba, tamtam, xylophone, piano, two violins, and double bass. The absence of low woodwinds, violas, and"
"the other humorist Alejandro Cuadra and the cartoonist Antonio López in “Los Lunes” a humoristic magazine that attacked the dictator Anastasio Somoza García. In almost full anonymity–at an international level–Pasos died in Managua, capital of Nicaragua, January 20, 1947. Joaquín Pasos Joaquín Pasos (May 14, 1914—January 20, 1947) was a Nicaraguan poet, narrator, and essayist. He was one of the leading figures of the national Vanguardia literary movement. The poem Pasos is best known for was his ""Canto de guerra de las cosas"" (The song of the war of things) poem. Pasos was born in Granada, Nicaragua and studied at"
"Spanish drama, already made popular by Müllner in his ""Schuld"". A lady, who has been slain by her husband for infidelity, is doomed to visit ""the glimpses of the moon"" until her house is extinguished, and this end is reached in the tragedy amid scenes of violence and horror. Its general character is similar to that of Werner's dramas; it only differs from them in containing individual passages of much force and beauty. It reveals an instinct for dramatic as opposed to merely theatrical effect, which distinguishes it from other fate-dramas of the day. Its success led to the poet"