"Records in 1984 (with Sean Mowle on guitar) the band started their own Ubiquitous label. Rubella Ballet toured extensively with Poison Girls and Crass, and recorded two John Peel sessions for BBC Radio.[4] In 1984 they embarked on an ill-fated tour of Italy to promote 42F. The band had only been given single airline tickets and after a week of playing without getting paid, they returned to England by train.[1] The band's line-up underwent several changes before their next release, ""Money Talks"" (1985); Sean and Gem had left, to be replaced by Adam and Rachel Minx (Zillah's younger sister Rachel"
"myelin of neurons in the CNS, deficiency of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the visual cortex and auditory cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, which relate to general learning and motor skill acquisition. Rubella, synonymous with German measles, is a disease caused by a virus with the same name and is highly contagious. It is often combated using preventative measures, typically through vaccination. For children and adults it can be overcome quite easily once vaccinated, however, if the fetus is exposed to the virus, especially during the first trimester (the first three months of pregnancy), major implications can occur. Rubella, in a"
"a leading international institution devoted to research and prevention of birth defects and developmental disabilities, and the promotion of health amongst people of all ages who are living with disabilities. Rubella (German measles), is a major cause of birth defects that can be prevented through vaccination. Cordero, whose work has been published in many national and international journals, has promoted the eradication of the disease. He has also promoted research to determine the causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities, and has promoted efforts to prevent serious birth defects (such as use of folic acid to prevent Spina Bifida). He"
"skin diseases"" but that descriptions of the disease by previous writers tended to confuse it with many other diseases that produce febrile rashes. In this JAMA article Zahorsky reports on 29 more children with Roseola and notes that the only condition that should seriously be considered in the differential diagnosis is German Measles (rubella) but notes that the fever of rubella only lasts a few hours whereas the prodromal fever of Roseola lasts three to five days and disappears with the formation of a morbilliform rash. HHV-6 has been tentatively linked with neurodegenerative disease. Roseola Roseola is an infectious disease"
"dangerous for a pregnant woman's fetus and this is where most complications occur. Complications can include As many as 85 out of 100 babies born to mothers that contracted rubella in the first 3 months of pregnancy will have a birth defect. Meningococcal disease refers to any illness that is caused by the bacteria ""Neisseria meningitidis"" also known as meningococcus. About 10% of people with this infection have bacteria in the back of their nose and throat but have no signs or symptoms. The illness most people are familiar with is meningococcal meningitis, this causes the protective membranes covering the"
"of cases), middle ear infection (7%), and pneumonia (6%). Less commonly seizures, blindness, or inflammation of the brain may occur. Rubella, which is sometimes called German measles, and roseola are different diseases caused by unrelated viruses. Measles is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of infected people. It may also be spread through contact with saliva or nasal secretions. Nine out of ten people who are not immune and share living space with an infected person will be infected . People are infectious to others from four days before to four days after the start"
"region of the Americas declared on 29 April 2015 it had eliminated rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. The last confirmed endemic case of rubella in the Americas was in Argentina in February 2009. The WHO European region missed its elimination target of 2010 due to undervaccination in Central and Western Europe; it has set a new goal of 2015. The disease remains problematic in other regions; in Japan, there were 15,000 cases in 2013. Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is the world's second leading cause of infectious blindness. It is caused by the nematode ""Onchocerca volvulus"", which is transmitted to people via"
"studies by German physician David Bardens, Lanka did not accept the findings, forcing Bardens to appeal in court. The legal case ended with the ruling that Lanka was to pay the prize. The case received wide international coverage that prompted many to comment on it, including neurologist, well-known skeptic and science-based medicine advocate Steven Novella, who called Lanka ""a crank"". Other names include morbilli, rubeola, red measles, and English measles. In May 2015, the journal ""Science"", published a report in which researchers found that the measles infection can leave a population at increased risk for mortality from other diseases for"
"which the infants arriving at his surgery were developing congenital cataracts at a higher rate than those who developed it from hereditary factors. On October 15, 1941, Gregg delivered a paper which explained his findings-68 out of the 78 children who were afflicted with congenital cataracts had been exposed in utero to rubella due to an outbreak in Australian army camps. These findings confirmed, to Gregg, that there could, in fact, be environmental causes for congenital disorders. Rubella is known to cause abnormalities of the eye, internal ear, heart, and sometimes the teeth. More specifically, fetal exposure to rubella during"
"weeks five to ten of development (the sixth week particularly) can cause cataracts and microphthalmia in the eyes. If the mother is infected with rubella during the ninth week, a crucial week for internal ear development, there can be destruction of the organ of Corti, causing deafness. In the heart the ductus arteriosus can remain after birth, leading to hypertension. Rubella can also lead to atrial and ventricular septal defects in the heart. If exposed to rubella in the second trimester, the fetus can develop central nervous system malformations. However, because infections of rubella may remain undetected, misdiagnosed, or unrecognized"
"at the Vector Institute from 1976 to 1986, then at Obolensk until 1992, when he defected to the West. He later divulged much of the Soviet biological weapons program and settled in the United States. Legionella The genus Legionella is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species ""L. pneumophila"", causing legionellosis (all illnesses caused by ""Legionella"") including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. ""Legionella"" may be visualized with a silver stain or cultured in cysteine-containing media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. It is common in many environments,"
"upon various factors such as time to treatment, host immunity, and comorbidities. The clinical features were first described in 1878 by Baron Gottfried Ritter von Rittershain, who observed 297 cases among children in a single Czechoslovakian children's home over a 10-year period. In 1885, Nil Filatow, and in 1894, Clement Dukes, described an exantematous disease which they thought to be a form of rubella, but in 1900, Dukes identified it to be a separate entity which came to be known by the names Dukes' disease, Filatov’s disease, or fourth disease. Although Dukes identified it as a separate entity, it is"
"infection was shorter, and the skin lesions differed from Rubella. Two physicians, Franklin A. Neva from the University of Pittsburgh, and Ilse J. Gorbach investigated the outbreak. Through surveys sent to physicians, 18 cases were identified and specimens collected, 15 children and 3 adults. An outbreak was first identified in a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in June, 1954. Investigation in this suburb revealed an additional 17 cases. After notifying area physicians, an additional 7 cases were identified in other parts of the city. Cases occurred in both children and adults, with one adult hospitalized. The disease has also been reported"
"snow. After carefully comparing her symptoms against the rare diseases in obscure medical textbooks, the doctors reached a verdict. Sister Annella was suffering from Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris, a skin condition so rare that only six other cases were known to exist in the entire United States. P.R.P., as it is known for short, is an inherited disease usually passed down from parent to child. In the most serious cases, the skin becomes overactive and is unable to regenerate. The blood vessels dilate, which causes the body to hemorrhage moisture. This leaves the weakened immune system quite vulnerable to secondary infections."
"A number of infectious diseases can be transmitted either congenitally (before or at birth), and can cause serious neurodevelopmental problems, as for example the viruses HSV, CMV, rubella (congenital rubella syndrome), Zika virus, or bacteria like ""Treponema pallidum"" in congenital syphilis, which may progress to neurosyphilis if it remains untreated. Protozoa like ""Plasmodium"" or ""Toxoplasma"" which can cause congenital toxoplasmosis with multiple cysts in the brain and other organs, leading to a variety of neurological deficits. Some cases of schizophrenia may be related to congenital infections though the majority are of unknown causes. Metabolic disorders in either the mother or"
"Tularemia Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium ""Francisella tularensis"". Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcer, and enlarged lymph nodes. Occasionally, a form that results in pneumonia or a throat infection may occur. The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, or contact with infected animals. It may also be spread by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust. It does not spread directly between people. Diagnosis is by blood tests or cultures of the infected site. Prevention is by using insect repellent, wearing long pants, rapidly removing ticks, and not"
"in popular magazines as well as research work. In 1967, Apgar became vice president and director of basic research at The National Foundation-March of Dimes. During the rubella pandemic of 1964–65, Apgar became an advocate for universal vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission of rubella. Rubella can cause serious congenital disorders if a woman becomes infected while pregnant. Between 1964 and 1965, the United States had an estimated 12.5 million rubella cases, which led to 11,000 miscarriages or therapeutic abortions and 20,000 cases of congenital rubella syndrome. These led to 2,100 deaths in infancy, 12,000 cases of deafness, 3,580 cases of"
"were visible. In 1976, the organization changed its name to the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. Reducing the toll of premature birth was added as a mission objective in 2005. Rubella, also called German measles, is associated with a disorder called congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause miscarriages and birth defects such as deafness, blindness and mental retardation. Vaccination is an effective preventive measure. On behalf of the March of Dimes, Virginia Apgar testified to the United States Senate in 1969 about the importance of federal funding of a rubella immunization program, and the organization funded a vaccine, which"
"Fifth disease Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19. The name ""fifth disease"" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Dukes' disease (fourth, but is no longer widely accepted as distinct), and roseola (sixth). Fifth disease starts with a low-grade fever, headache, rash, and cold-like symptoms, such as a runny or stuffy nose. These symptoms pass, then a few days later, the rash appears. The bright red rash most commonly appears in the face, particularly the"
"Zakariya al-Razi (865–925) – known as ""Rhazes"" – first identified it. Rhazes used the Arabic name ""hasbah"" for measles. It has had many other names including ""rubeola"" from the Latin word ""rubeus"", ""red"", and ""morbilli"", ""small plague"". The close similarities between measles virus, canine distemper virus and rinderpest virus have given rise to speculation that measles was first transmitted to humans from domesticated dogs or cattle. The measles virus appears to have fully diverged from the then-widespread rinderpest virus by the 12th century. A measles infection confers lifelong immunity. Therefore, the virus requires a high population density to become endemic,"
"in treatment and care of patients. One example was to isolate people with leprosy and tuberculosis in order to stop spreading. In the 1900s many vaccines were developed and the first antibiotic, penicillin, came about in the 1940s. These introductions were very powerful tools in preventing and treatment of childhood diseases. More vaccines became available and the child-vaccination-program was growing rapidly. Almost all feared childhood diseases were going extinct. Vaccines against measles (rubella) were introduced to the childhood immunization program in 1978. Rubella is dangerous to the fetus if the mother is affected during pregnancy. Today, all children are offered"
"encountered form of the illness is ""miliaria rubra"", in which obstruction causes leakage of sweat into the deeper layers of the epidermis, provoking a local inflammatory reaction and giving rise to the typical appearance of redness (hence rubra) and larger (but still only a few millimetres), blister-like lesions. This form of the illness is often accompanied by the typical symptoms—intense itching or ""pins and needles"" with a lack of sweating (anhidrosis) to affected areas. There is a small risk of heat exhaustion due to inability to sweat if the rash affects a large proportion of the body's surface area or"
"Rubulavirus Rubulavirus is a genus of viruses in the family ""Paramyxoviridae"", order ""Mononegavirales"". Humans, apes, pigs, and dogs serve as natural hosts. There are currently 17 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include mumps. Table legend: ""*"" denotes type species. Viruses of this genus appear to be most closely related to avulaviruses. Rubulavirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 150 nm. Rubulavirus genomes are linear, around 15kb in length. The genome codes for 8 proteins. The Disease Rubulavirus causes mumps. Swollen and painful salivary glands are often a symptom of mumps, but swollen ovaries,"
"Rhabdoviridae The Rhabdoviridae are a family of viruses in the order ""Mononegavirales"". Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, and plants serve as natural hosts. Currently, 18 genera are recognised. Diseases associated with viruses of this family include rabies fatal encephalitis caused by rabies virus, and vesicular diseases and encephalitis flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from the Greek ""rhabdos"", meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. Rhabdovirions are enveloped, with bullet-shaped and bacilliform geometries. These virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long. Rhabdoviruses have helical nucleocapsids and their genomes"
"(August 6, 1945, in Hiroshima; August 9th, 1945 in Nagasaki). A 20% increase in microcephaly frequency was seen in children with in-utero radiation exposure during the first trimester of the pregnancy (Miller 1956, 1968). Sensitivity to these radiations was seen to be predominantly high during the 7-15th week of gestation. Two important points observed during this study was: Rubella was the first recognized human epidemic of malformations. Following a widespread epidemic of rubella infection in 1940, Norman Gregg, an Australian ophthalmologist, reported in 1941 the occurrence of congenital cataracts among 78 infants born following maternal rubella infection in early pregnancy."
"pregnant woman, can lead to autism or autistic-like symptoms and congenital rubella syndrome for her offspring after birth. It is essential to keep in mind that this is not conclusive and still remains a theory. Congenital rubella syndrome has many adverse effects such as: mental retardation, meningitis and encephalitis. The latter two ailments also affect cognition and learning capacities. As a result of ethical consideration, most research into diseases and conditions affecting fetal development has been restricted to the use of other animals aside from human beings. Most accounts on the implications caused by diseases or conditions like rubella, hypothyroidism"
"Dukes' disease Dukes' disease, named after Clement Dukes, also known as fourth disease or Filatov-Dukes' disease (after Nil Filatov), is an exanthem. It is distinguished from measles or forms of rubella, though it was considered as a form of viral rash. Although Dukes identified it as a separate entity, it is thought not to be different from scarlet fever caused by exotoxin-producing ""Streptococcus pyogenes"" after Keith Powell proposed equating it with the condition currently known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1979. It was never associated with a specific pathogen, and the terminology is no longer in use. However, a"
"Roseola Roseola is an infectious disease caused by certain types of virus. Most infections occur before the age of three. Symptoms vary from absent to the classic presentation of a fever of rapid onset followed by a rash. The fever generally lasts for three to five days. The rash is generally pink and lasts for less than three days. Complications may include febrile seizures, with serious complications being rare. It is caused by either ""human herpesvirus 6"" (HHV-6) or ""human herpesvirus 7"" (HHV-7). Spread is usually through the saliva of those who are otherwise healthy. However, it may also spread"
"Legionella The genus Legionella is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species ""L. pneumophila"", causing legionellosis (all illnesses caused by ""Legionella"") including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever. ""Legionella"" may be visualized with a silver stain or cultured in cysteine-containing media such as buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. It is common in many environments, including soil and aquatic systems, with at least 50 species and 70 serogroups identified. These bacteria, however, are not transmissible from person to person; furthermore, most people exposed to the bacteria do not become ill."
"are infected. Symptoms include Symptoms typically appear 16–18 days after infection, but this period can range from 12–25 days after infection, and the people usually recover after a week or two. Complications that can arise from the mumps infection are Rubella is also known as German Measles or three day measles, it is a contagious disease caused by a virus. Rubella is spread from person to person through coughing and sneezing About half the people that get rubella do not have symptoms. Some symptoms that can arise are These symptoms usually only last 2 or 3 days. Rubella is most"
"with the addition of Lynn Spradley’s epilogue. In 1964, Bruce, who was only around three years old, contracted rubella or German measles. In 1964 and 1965, there was a large rubella outbreak where “20,000 babies were born with congenital rubella syndrome” and the vaccination was not put in use until 1969. Bruce quickly recovered, however, Tom and Louise are concerned that if Louise is pregnant and contracted the illness, it could cause their child to have birth defects like the doctor warned them. In April 1965, Louise gave birth to Lynn and the doctor performed various tests and assured the"
"Puumala virus Puumala virus (PUUV) is a species of orthohantavirus. Humans infected with the virus may develop a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) known as nephropathia epidemica. Puumala virus HFRS is lethal in less than 0.5% of the cases. Puumala virus is named after a municipality in Finland. The virus is found predominantly in Scandinavia and Finland, although it has also been reported elsewhere in Northern Europe, Poland and Russia. Because the bank vole (""Myodes glareolus"") acts as a reservoir for the virus, nephropathia epidemica cases track with the vole population in a three- to four-year cycle. Humans are"
"Norman Gregg Sir Norman McAlister Gregg, (7 March 1892 – 27 July 1966) was an Australian ophthalmologist, who discovered that rubella suffered by a pregnant woman could cause birth defects in her child (congenital rubella syndrome). Gregg was born on 7 March 1892 in Burwood, a suburb of Sydney. He was educated at Homebush Grammar School and Sydney Grammar School, and then studied medicine at the University of Sydney, graduating with a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery and first-class honours in 1915. During his education, Gregg was an active and capable sportsman, playing cricket, tennis, baseball, swimming and ice hockey"