"playability. The invention of wound strings, such as nylon covered in wound metal, was a crucial step in string instrument technology, because a metal-wound string can produce a lower pitch than a catgut string of similar thickness. This enabled stringed instruments to be made with less thick bass strings. On string instruments that the player plucks or bows directly (e.g., double bass), this enabled instrument makers to use thinner strings for the lowest-pitched strings, which made the lower-pitch strings easier to play. On stringed instruments in which the player presses a keyboard, causing a mechanism to strike the strings, such"
"Chicago Scavenger Hunt list. It was worth 50 points. Hyperbass flute The hyperbass flute is an extremely rare and the largest and lowest pitched instrument in the flute family, with tubing reaching over in length. It is pitched in C, four octaves below the concert flute (three octaves below the bass flute, two octaves below the contrabass flute, and one octave below the double contrabass flute), with its lowest note being C, one octave below the lowest C on a standard piano. At 16 hertz, this is below what is generally considered the range of human hearing (20 to 20,000"
"Cura (instrument) The cura () is the smallest member of the bağlama family with the highest pitched sound. The member one size bigger than cura which gives a sound that is one octave lower than cura is the tambura. And the one with the deepest sound is the divan sazi whose sound is one octave lower compared to tambura. The smallest member of the baglama family, it is found in nearly every region of the country under a variety of names, including dede sazi, parmak cura, and üç telli cura. According to the instrument with which it is to be"
"were almost equally popular in the mid-19th century in Britain and France. As the trombone in its simplest form has neither crooks, valves nor keys to lower the pitch by a specific interval, trombonists use seven chromatic ""slide positions"". Each position progressively increases the length of the air column, thus lowering the pitch. Extending the slide from one position to the next lowers the pitch by one semitone. Thus, each note in the harmonic series can be lowered by an interval of up to a tritone. The lowest note of the standard instrument is therefore an E – a tritone"
"lowest pitched tubas are the contrabass tubas, pitched in C or B, referred to as CC and BB tubas respectively, based on a traditional distortion of a now-obsolete octave naming convention. The fundamental pitch of a CC tuba is 32 Hz, and for a BB tuba, 29 Hz. The CC tuba is used as an orchestral, and concert band instrument in the U.S., but BB tubas are the contrabass tuba of choice in German, Austrian, and Russian orchestras. In the United States, the BB tuba is the most common in schools (largely due to the use of BB sousaphones in"
"The lowest string is typically tuned down to C, an octave below the lowest note on the cello. More rarely this string may be tuned to a low B, as a few works in the orchestral repertoire call for such a B, such as Respighi's ""The Pines of Rome"". In rare cases, some players have a low B extension, which has B as its lowest note. There are several varieties of extensions: In the simplest mechanical extensions, there are no mechanical aids attached to the fingerboard extension except a locking nut or ""gate"" for the E note. To play the"
"frets, such as those of the violin family, are not. The violin, viola, and cello are tuned to beatless just perfect fifths and ensembles such as string quartets and orchestras tend to play in fifths based Pythagorean tuning or to compensate and play in equal temperament, such as when playing with other instruments such as the piano. For example, the cello, which is tuned down from A220, has three more strings (four total) and the just perfect fifth is about two cents off from the equal tempered perfect fifth, making its lowest string, C-, about six cents more flat than"
"Cello The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a string instrument. It is played by bowing or plucking its four strings, which are usually tuned in perfect fifths an octave lower than the viola: from low to high, C, G, D and A. It is the bass member of the violin family, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass, which doubles the bass line an octave lower than the cello in much of the orchestral repertoire. After the double bass, it is the second-largest and second lowest (in pitch) bowed"
"Hyperbass flute The hyperbass flute is an extremely rare and the largest and lowest pitched instrument in the flute family, with tubing reaching over in length. It is pitched in C, four octaves below the concert flute (three octaves below the bass flute, two octaves below the contrabass flute, and one octave below the double contrabass flute), with its lowest note being C, one octave below the lowest C on a standard piano. At 16 hertz, this is below what is generally considered the range of human hearing (20 to 20,000 Hz). The hyperbass flute is made of PVC and"
"Jinghu (instrument) The jinghu (京胡; pinyin: jīnghú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the ""huqin"" family, used primarily in Beijing opera. It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the ""huqin"" family. Like most of its relatives, the ""jinghu"" has 2 strings that are customarily tuned to the interval of a 5th which the hair of the non-detachable bow passes in between. The strings were formerly made of silk, but in modern times are increasingly made of steel or nylon. Unlike other ""huqin"" instruments (""erhu"", ""gaohu"", ""zhonghu"", etc.) it is made of bamboo. Its cylindrical soundbox is covered"
"Piccolo oboe The piccolo oboe, also known as the piccoloboe and historically called an oboe musette (or just musette), is the smallest and highest pitched member of the oboe family. Pitched in E or F above the regular oboe (i.e. notated a minor third or perfect fourth lower than sounding), the piccolo oboe is a sopranino version of the oboe, comparable to the E clarinet. Piccolo oboes are produced by the French makers F. Lorée (pitched in F) and Marigaux (pitched in Eb), as well as the Italian firm Fratelli Patricola (pitched in E-flat). Lorée calls its instrument ""piccolo oboe"
"Members of the western concert flute family The western concert flute family has a wide range of instruments. The piccolo is the highest-pitched member of the flute family, with a range an octave above that of the concert flute. It is usually the highest-pitched instrument within orchestras and bands. The piccolo has a stereotype for being difficult to play in tune; its small size makes it difficult to construct an evenly tuned scale. The treble flute is pitched in the key of G, a fifth above the concert flute. The instrument is rare today, only occasionally found in flute choirs"
"C as their lowest written note (in scientific pitch notation that sounds D on a soprano clarinet or C, i.e. concert middle C, on a piccolo clarinet), though some B clarinets go down to E to enable them to match the range of the A clarinet. On the B soprano clarinet, the concert pitch of the lowest note is D, a whole tone lower than the written pitch. Most alto and bass clarinets have an extra key to allow a (written) E. Modern professional-quality bass clarinets generally have additional keywork to written C. Among the less commonly encountered members of"
"Contrabass Contrabass (from ) refers to a musical instrument of very low pitch—generally one octave below bass register instruments. While the term most commonly refers to the ""double bass"" (which is the bass instrument in the orchestral string family, tuned lower than the cello), many other instruments in the contrabass register exist. The term ""contrabass"" is relative, usually denoting a very low-pitched instrument of its type, rather than one in a particular range. For example, the contrabass flute's lowest note is approximately an octave higher than that of the contrabass clarinet. Instruments tuned below contrabass instruments, such as the double"
"and the contrabass flute is an octave lower than the bass flute. Less commonly seen flutes include the treble flute in G, pitched one octave higher than the alto flute; soprano flute, between the treble and concert; and tenor flute or flûte d'amour in B or A, pitched between the concert and alto. The lowest sizes (larger than the bass flute) have all been developed in the 20th century; these include the sub-bass flute, which is pitched in F, between the bass and contrabass; subcontrabass flute (pitched in G or C), contra-alto flute (pitched in G, one octave below the"
"String section The string section is composed of bowed instruments belonging to the violin family. It normally consists of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses (or basses). It is the most numerous group in the typical Classical orchestra. In discussions of the instrumentation of a musical work, the phrase ""the strings"" or ""and strings"" is used to indicate a string section as just defined. An orchestra consisting solely of a string section is called a string orchestra. Smaller string sections are sometimes used in jazz, pop and rock music and in the pit orchestras of musical theatre."
"with a four valve configuration as a special order. The four valve contrabass bugle is the lowest pitched brasswind ever mass produced. Some special order BBBb tubas and Sousaphones exist, but were not built in large quantities. With all four valves depressed, the lowest sounding note on the contrabass bugle is A0, the lowest note on a piano. The pedal note of any contrabass bugle is G0, regardless of the number of valves. A talented musician may be able to play lower than G0 utilizing the pedal range of the bugle, but these notes would be felt more than heard"
"Sopranissimo saxophone The sopranissimo or soprillo saxophone is the smallest member of the saxophone family. It is pitched in B, one octave above the soprano saxophone. Because of the difficulties in building such a small instrument—the soprillo is long, with the mouthpiece—it is only recently that a true sopranissimo saxophone has been produced. The keywork only extends to a written E (sounding D), rather than F, F, or sometimes G, like most saxophones; and the upper octave key has to be placed on the mouthpiece. The extremely small mouthpiece requires a small and focused embouchure, making the soprillo difficult to"
"The wood is usually African Blackwood. The standard concert flute is pitched in C and has a range of three octaves starting from middle C or one half step lower when a B foot is attached. This means the concert flute is one of the highest common orchestra and concert band instruments. The piccolo plays an octave higher than the regular treble flute. Lower members of the flute family include the G alto and C bass flutes that are used occasionally, and are pitched a perfect fourth and an octave below the concert flute, respectively. The contrabass, double contrabass, and"
"C. Correctly describing Praetorius's ""gar klein Flötlein"" as ""der höchsten Schnabelflötenart mit nur vier Grifflöchern"" (the highest type of fipple flute, with only four finger holes), Curt Sachs equated this instrument with the ""flauto alla vigesima seconda"" specified by Claudio Monteverdi in the 1607 score of his opera ""L'Orfeo"". Because Praetorius gives the sounding pitch of the instrument's lowest note as C in Plate IX of the supplement to ""Syntagma Musicum"" 2, Sachs associated the name with ""gar klein"" as used by organ builders to refer to the so-called ""one-foot"" or ""third-octave"" register . Today, Monteverdi's instrument is generally assumed"
"Tuba The tuba (; ) is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by lip vibration into a large mouthpiece. It first appeared in the mid-19th century, making it one of the newer instruments in the modern orchestra and concert band. The tuba largely replaced the ophicleide. ""Tuba"" is Latin for 'trumpet'. In America, a person who plays the tuba is known as a tubaist or tubist. In the United Kingdom, a person who plays the tuba in an orchestra is known simply as a tuba player; in"
"bugles: Manufactures of marching tubas/contrabass bugles: Video of the Contrabass bugle being played in an orchestral band: Contrabass bugle The contrabass bugle (usually shortened to contra or simply called the marching tuba) is the lowest-pitched brass instrument in the drum and bugle corps and marching band hornline. It is essentially the drum corps' counterpart to the marching band's sousaphone: the lowest-pitched member of the hornline, and a replacement for the concert tuba on the marching field. It is different from the other members of the marching band and drum corps hornlines in that it rests on the shoulder of the"
"to be quiet, the double contrabass flute has a surprisingly powerful tone, though it benefits from amplification in ensembles. The hyperbass flute is the largest and lowest instrument in the flute family. It is pitched in C, four octaves below the concert flute (and three octaves below the bass flute, two octaves below the contrabass flute, and one octave below the double contrabass flute). It is made of PVC and wood, its tubing is over in length and its lowest note is C (16 Hz), below what is generally considered the range of human hearing. The only known example of"
"to A and E or to G and D (this latter tuning equivalent to the violin's lowest two strings). Zhonghu The zhonghu (中胡, pinyin: ""zhōnghú"") is a low-pitched Chinese bowed string instrument. Together with the erhu and gaohu, it is a member of the huqin family. It was developed in the 1940s as the alto member of the huqin family (similar in range to the European viola) to increase the pitch range of the instruments used in a Chinese orchestra. The ""zhonghu"" is analogous with the erhu, but is slightly larger and lower pitched. Its body is covered on the"
"and the smallest have under four. Usually, the shortest keyboards were given extended range in the bass with a ""short octave"". The traditional pitch range for a 5-octave instrument is F–F (FF–f‴). Tuning pitch is often taken to be A = 415 Hz, roughly a semitone lower than the modern standard concert pitch of A = 440 Hz. An accepted exception is for French baroque repertoire, which is often performed with a = 392 Hz, approximately a semitone lower again. See Jean-Philippe Rameau's ""Treatise on Harmony"" (1722) [Dover Publications], Book One, chapter five, for insight into French baroque tuning; ""Since"
"Scherzo Furioso by William Blezard, Tasmanian Ants by Ian Keith Harris, Iberian Improvisations and Bailables by Leonard Salzedo, Variations on a Sicilian Shepherd Tune by Clive Strutt. Two concerti have been written featuring the piccolo oboe in addition to the other four members of the oboe family, these works being David Stock's ""Oborama"" and James Stephenson's ""Rituals and Dances,"" both written for Alex Klein. Piccolo oboe The piccolo oboe, also known as the piccoloboe and historically called an oboe musette (or just musette), is the smallest and highest pitched member of the oboe family. Pitched in E or F above"
"instrument's small size and light strings. There is also a smaller version (about three-quarter size) called a Requinto. Strings are generally of metal, and very light gauge, due to the instrument's light construction. The lowest pitched ""A"" and ""D"" strings are wound, as is the lowest ""E"" string on 15-string instruments. All other strings are of plain, unwound steel. With 12 strings, the lower 2 courses have 3 strings each (2 of them high octaves and the third a low octave), and the higher 3 courses have 2 strings each, all tuned in unison. It is tuned A3 A3 A2•D4"
"Double contrabass flute The double contrabass flute (sometimes also called the octobass flute or subcontrabass flute) with over of tubing is the largest and lowest pitched metal flute in the world (the hyperbass flute has an even lower range, though it is made out of PVC pipes and wood). It is pitched in the key of C, three octaves below the concert flute (two octaves below the bass flute and one octave below the contrabass flute). Its lowest note is C, one octave below the cello's lowest C. This flute is relatively easy to play in comparison to most other"
"even A-444. Baroque pitch is usually cited as A-415, which is a semitone lower than modern pitch. A0 is the lowest note on the standard piano. The octaves follow A1, A2, etc. A7 is a few pitches lower than C8, the highest note on the standard piano. The note ""A"" is not considered to be a certain milestone or mark to hit with voice as, for example, Tenor C is, but it can be extremely demanding in certain octaves. A (musical note) La or A is the sixth note of the fixed-do solfège. Its enharmonic equivalents are B (""Heses"") which"
"a low ""C"" which is about 33 Hz) and synth bass players who play rumbling sub-bass parts that go as low as 18 Hz. Of all of the keyboard instruments that are amplified onstage, synthesizers produce some of the lowest pitches because, unlike a traditional electric piano or electric organ which have as their lowest notes a low ""A"" and a low ""C"", respectively, a synth does not have a fixed lowest octave. A synth player can add lower octaves to a patch by pressing an ""octave down"" button, which can produce pitches that are at the limits of human"
"one of the most widely known living cellists, Yo-Yo Ma, is actually owned by the Vuitton Foundation.) Some notable cellos: Cello The cello ( ; plural cellos or celli) or violoncello ( ; ) is a string instrument. It is played by bowing or plucking its four strings, which are usually tuned in perfect fifths an octave lower than the viola: from low to high, C, G, D and A. It is the bass member of the violin family, which also includes the violin, viola and the double bass, which doubles the bass line an octave lower than the cello"
"Contrabass bugle The contrabass bugle (usually shortened to contra or simply called the marching tuba) is the lowest-pitched brass instrument in the drum and bugle corps and marching band hornline. It is essentially the drum corps' counterpart to the marching band's sousaphone: the lowest-pitched member of the hornline, and a replacement for the concert tuba on the marching field. It is different from the other members of the marching band and drum corps hornlines in that it rests on the shoulder of the player, rather than being held in front of the body. Because the contrabass bugle can get in"
"Baritone saxophone The baritone saxophone or ""bari sax"" is one of the largest members of the saxophone family, only being smaller than the bass, contrabass and subcontrabass saxophones. It is the lowest-pitched saxophone in common use. The baritone saxophone uses a mouthpiece, reed, and ligature in order to produce sound. It is larger than the tenor, alto and soprano saxophones, which are the other commonly found members of the family. The baritone saxophone is commonly used in classical music such as concert band, chamber music, military bands, jazz (such as big bands and jazz combos). It also is occasionally employed"