"European sprat The European sprat (""Sprattus sprattus""), also known as bristling, brisling, garvie, garvock, Russian sardine, russlet, skipper or whitebait, is a species of small marine fish in the herring family Clupeidae. Found in European waters, it has silver grey scales and white-grey flesh. Specific seas in which the species occurs include the Irish Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea and Sea of the Hebrides. The fish is the subject of fisheries, particularly in Scandinavia, and is made into fish meal, as well as being used for human consumption. When used for food it can be canned, salted, fried, grilled, baked,"
"Whitebait Whitebait is a collective term for the immature fry of fish, typically between long. Such young fish often travel together in schools along the coast, and move into estuaries and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught with fine meshed fishing nets. Whitebaiting is the activity of catching whitebait. Whitebait are tender and edible, and can be regarded as a delicacy. The entire fish is eaten including head, fins, bones, and guts. Some species make better eating than others, and the particular species that are marketed as ""whitebait"" varies in different parts of the world. As whitebait"
"a delicacy and are priced at up to 1000 euro per kilogram. Whitebait Whitebait is a collective term for the immature fry of fish, typically between long. Such young fish often travel together in schools along the coast, and move into estuaries and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught with fine meshed fishing nets. Whitebaiting is the activity of catching whitebait. Whitebait are tender and edible, and can be regarded as a delicacy. The entire fish is eaten including head, fins, bones, and guts. Some species make better eating than others, and the particular species that are"
"protuberant lower jaw while in the latter, the jaws are equal in length. The back is bluish green or brownish, the flanks silvery and the belly white. The fins are dark grey. This fish seldom grows more than long or exceeds in weight. The European whitefish mostly feed on bottom-dwelling invertebrates or zooplankton. Larger fish also take insects off the surface of the water and eat fish fry. Breeding takes place in the autumn between September and November, largely depending on the water temperature. Different populations in the same sections of water may spawn at different times. Many populations in"
"is sometimes flanked by a smaller tooth on either side. The adult males of the species have a longer anal fin. Their range extends from Vancouver Island to San Francisco, California, although one fish has been found as far south as San Pedro, California, a specimen which may have been released as live bait. Often abundant in bay areas, whitebait are known to spawn on subtidal sandbanks and swim in schools. The fish has fairly minor economic importance; it serves as food for larger fish, and is netted by some fishermen during the spring and summer to be used as"
"around 15–22 weeks old. The most common whitebait species in New Zealand is the common galaxias or inanga, which lays its eggs during the very high spring tides in Autumn amongst bankside grasses that are flooded by the tide. The eggs develop out of the water until inundated by the next spring tide which stimulates the eggs to hatch. The larvae are then carried to sea on the outgoing tide where they join the ocean's plankton. After approximately six months, the juvenile fish migrate back into freshwater habitats where they mature to adulthood. The four other galaxiid species amongst in"
"pounds and has been sexually mature for at least one spawning season. White seabass are fished primarily with live bait in relatively shallow water, but they will also take a fast-trolled spoon, artificial squid or bone jig. Live squid appear to be the best bait for a white seabass, but large anchovies and medium-size sardines are also good. At times, large white seabass will bite only on fairly large, live Pacific mackerel. The young of this species are exceptionally vulnerable to sport anglers for two reasons: The first is that as juveniles they inhabit shallow nearshore areas, bays, and estuaries,"
"In common usage and by e.g. conservation authorities, they are still mostly treated as ""Cottus gobio"". European bullhead The European bullhead (""Cottus gobio"") is a freshwater fish that is widely distributed in Europe, mainly in rivers. It is a member of the family Cottidae, a type of sculpin. It is also known as the miller's thumb, freshwater sculpin, common bullhead and European bullhead. The European bullhead is a small demersal fish that lives both in cold, clear, fast-flowing small streams and in middle-sized rivers. It also occurs on gravelly shores of cold lakes. Further, it thrives in diluted brackish water"
"renamed Australian whitebait following the discovery of a population in southern Victoria on the Australian mainland in 1993. It is the only species of its genus, ""Lovettia"". ""L. sealii"" is a slender, spindle shaped scale-less fish that grows to a maximum length of 77 mm, commonly 65 mm. It has a long tubular body that is moderately laterally compressed. The head is long and slender with a high, large and silvery eye and a conspicuous, protruding lower jaw. The dorsal fin is high and begins above or just posterior to the origin of the pelvic fin. The caudal fin is"
"phase of their lifecycle. Species referred to as whitebait in Australia include Common galaxias ""G. maculatus"", Climbing galaxias ""G. brevipinnis"", Spotted galaxias ""G. truttaceus"", Tasmanian whitebait ""Lovettia sealii"", Tasmanian mudfish ""Neochanna cleaveri"", and Tasmanian smelt ""Retropinna tasmanica"". Whitebait were once subject to a substantial commercial fishery but today only recreational fishers are permitted to gather them, under strict conditions and for a limited season. Chinese whitebait is raised in fish farms and plentiful quantities are produced for export. The Chinese whitebait is larger than the New Zealand whitebait and not nearly so delicate. The frozen product is commonly available in"
"common in nearly all parts of its range. Numbers of fish may be decreasing somewhat but not to the extent that would warrant listing it under a higher risk category. European flounder The European flounder (""Platichthys flesus"") is a flatfish of European coastal waters from the White Sea in the north to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea in the south. It has been introduced into the United States and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water. It is caught and used for human consumption. The European flounder is oval in shape and is usually right-eyed. It normally grows about"
"and traded as a world commodity. It is commonly used as the fish in the classic British dish of fish and chips. 1 fillet of whitefish, mixed species (198g) contains the following nutritional information according to the USDA: Whitefish (fisheries term) Whitefish or white fish is a fisheries term for several species of demersal fish with fins, particularly Atlantic cod (""Gadus morhua""), Caspian kutum (""Rutilus kutum""), whiting (""Merluccius bilinearis""), and haddock (""Melanogrammus aeglefinus""), but also hake (""Urophycis""), pollock (""Pollachius""), or others. Whitefish (Coregonidae) is also the name of several species of Atlantic freshwater fish, so the use of the two-word"
"European bullhead The European bullhead (""Cottus gobio"") is a freshwater fish that is widely distributed in Europe, mainly in rivers. It is a member of the family Cottidae, a type of sculpin. It is also known as the miller's thumb, freshwater sculpin, common bullhead and European bullhead. The European bullhead is a small demersal fish that lives both in cold, clear, fast-flowing small streams and in middle-sized rivers. It also occurs on gravelly shores of cold lakes. Further, it thrives in diluted brackish water of the Northern Baltic Sea. The bullhead has a large broad head and tapering body, large"
"one of the species used in the Arctic Siberian dish stroganina. It is also eaten by brown bears, especially when their preferred salmon is not available. Broad whitefish The broad whitefish (""Coregonus nasus"") is a freshwater whitefish species. Dark silvery in colour, and like a herring in its shape, its distinctive features include a convex head, short gill rakers, and a mild overbite. It is found in the Arctic-draining streams, lakes, and rivers of far eastern Russia and North America. Its prey includes larval insects, snails, and shellfish. It is eaten by humans and brown bears. The broad whitefish is"
"European bass The European bass (""Dicentrarchus labrax"") is a primarily ocean-going fish native to the waters off Europe's western and southern and Africa's northern coasts, though it can also be found in shallow coastal waters and river mouths during the summer months. It is one of only six species in its family, Moronidae, collectively called the temperate basses. It is both fished and raised commercially, and is considered to be the most important fish currently cultured in the Mediterranean. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the popular restaurant fish sold and consumed as sea bass is exclusively the European bass."
"food stores and supermarkets at reasonable prices. The Chinese name for these is often translated as ""silver fish"" in English. Gianchetti (also bianchetti) are the whitebait of the of the Mediterranean (sardines and anchovies, etc.), caught with special nets named from the Ligurian ""sciabegottu"" (similar to the net to ""sciabica"", but with smaller dimensions) in the early months of the year. A speciality of the Liguria cuisine, gianchetti are generally lightly boiled in salted water and served hot, dressed with oil and lemon juice. Another classic approach is to make fritters of the fish together with an egg and flour"
"brackish waters of Central and Northern Europe. In the broad sense, ""Coregonus lavaretus"", referred to as the common whitefish or European whitefish, is widespread from central and northwest Europe to Siberia. Often called the ""C. lavaretus"" complex and considered as a superspecies, it encompasses many of the whitefish populations suggested by others to be locally restricted species (such as the British powan and the gwyniad or the Alpine gravenche, as well as distinct intralacustrine morphs and populations characterized by different feeding habits, gill raker numbers, growth patterns and migration behaviour. Genetic studies suggest that the whitefish diversity within this complex"
"intestine (and possibly gall bladder) of the common galaxias. Similarly, the intestinal parasite ""Steganoderma szidati"" has been reported from this species' Argentinian population. These are digenean flatworms. The juveniles are caught as whitebait while moving upstream and are much valued as a delicacy, leading to their protection with licensing and controlled fishing seasons to preserve adult populations. They are fished commercially in New Zealand, Chile, and Argentina, but the last Australian commercial fishery closed in Tasmania in the 1970s. Some jurisdictions permit fishing of the adults, but again under regulation or licence to preserve the adult population, but others ban"
"European flounder The European flounder (""Platichthys flesus"") is a flatfish of European coastal waters from the White Sea in the north to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea in the south. It has been introduced into the United States and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water. It is caught and used for human consumption. The European flounder is oval in shape and is usually right-eyed. It normally grows about 30 cm in length, although lengths of up to 60 cm have been recorded. The upper surface is usually dull brown or olive in colour with reddish spots and brown"
"bait. Allosmerus Allosmerus is a monotypic genus of smelt. Its sole species, Allosmerus elongatus, the whitebait smelt, is an uncommon marine smelt, about which little is known. Originally described as both Osmerus attenuatus and O. elongatus, these two species were determined to be conspecific in 1946. The fish can grow from 7–9 inches in length, has large eyes, a greenish-gray color on its back, and a silver band along its sides. Unlike most other smelt species which generally have no enlarged teeth in the roof of their mouth, the whitebait has single large tooth in the center of its vomer,"
"meat is white, flaky and somewhat oily. An adult fish weighs from . The fish eat plankton for their first year of life and then become predators of smaller fish. They live in lakes and rivers and in the brackish water at the outlets of rivers into the ocean, and may migrate to spawn. ""Stenodus nelma"" has previously been considered a subspecies of ""Stenodus leucichthys"" (""S. leucichthys nelma""). The typical ""Stenodus leucichthys"" (beloribitsa) is a landlocked Eurasian species restricted to the Caspian Sea basin, and now extinct in the wild. Nelma Stenodus nelma, known alternatively as the nelma, sheefish, inconnu"
"shad, rock bass, alewife, northern pike, whitefish, sauger, brown bullhead, pumpkinseed, burbot, walleye, bluegill, white crappie, black crappie, rainbow smelt, and killifish. The young typically eat small minnows, and sometimes insects and fragments of green vegetation. The freshwater diet primarily consists of pike, perch, sunfish, trout, and bass; the saltwater diet primarily consists of rock fish, flounder, sea trout, herring, Atlantic croaker, haddock, and Gulf silverside. When there is either a lack of fish or they are difficult to catch, it preys on crustaceans, crayfish, snails, leeches, insect larvae, molluscs, frogs, annelids, and occasionally aquatic plant matter such as pondweed,"
"In North America it is widely known by its Italian name branzino. European bass can reach sizes of up to in length and in weight, though the most common size is only about half of that at . Individuals are silvery grey in color and sometimes a dark-bluish color on the back. Juveniles form schools and feed on invertebrates, while adults are less social and prefer to consume other fish. They are generally found in the littoral zone near the banks of rivers, lagoons, and estuaries during the summer, and migrate offshore during the winter. Despite being a sought-after gamefish,"
"Astacus astacus Astacus astacus, the European crayfish, noble crayfish, or broad-fingered crayfish, is the most common species of crayfish in Europe, and a traditional food source. Like other true crayfish, ""A. astacus"" is restricted to fresh water, living only in unpolluted streams, rivers, and lakes. It is found from France throughout Central Europe, to the Balkan Peninsula, and north as far as parts of the British Isles, Scandinavia, and Eastern Europe. Males may grow up to 16 cm long, and females up to 12 cm. European crayfish are nocturnal and feed on worms, aquatic insects, molluscs, and plants, spending the"
"its tail in order to keep them wet. Only the flesh of young ""Silurus glanis"" specimens is valued as food. It is palatable when the catfish weighs less than 15 kg (33 lb). Larger than this size, the fish is highly fatty and not recommended for consumption. Wels catfish The wels catfish ( or ; ""Silurus glanis""), also called sheatfish, is a large species of catfish native to wide areas of central, southern, and eastern Europe, in the basins of the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. It has been introduced to Western Europe as a prized sport fish and is"
"while larger ones can be broken or gnawed. Some meat on the bone is most commonly eaten by picking it up, notably ribs and chicken (wings, drumstick, sometimes thigh). Others are primarily eaten by cutting off the meat, such as steaks, but possibly picking up and gnawing the bone when otherwise finished. Smaller fish are often eaten whole, with the bones. Examples include whitebait of all sorts, anchovies, and smelt. In some cases the bone marrow may also be eaten, notably for beef or poultry (especially chicken), in the later case by the eater breaking or chewing off the end"
"and around Europe, including the eastern Atlantic Ocean (from Norway to Senegal), the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea.It is a seasonally migratory species, moving further inshore and north in summer. It is mostly a night hunter, feeding on small fish, polychaetes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. They spawn from March to June, mostly in inshore waters. As fry they are pelagic, but as they develop they move into estuaries, where they stay for a year or two. Annual catches of wild European bass are relatively modest, having fluctuated between 8,500 and 11,900 tonnes in 2000–2009. Most of the reported catches originate"
"It is sometimes salted and consumed raw. Peled (fish) The peled (""Coregonus peled""), also called the ""northern whitefish"", is a species of freshwater whitefish in the Salmonidae family. It is found in northern Europe and Asia. The peled is related to ciscoes of the ""Coregonus sardinella"" complex. Smaller peled much resemble slim vendace or whitefish but as they grow larger they develop a deeper body which becomes less tapered and more blocky. The jaws are of equal length which is in contrast to the whitefish which has a snout longer than its lower jaw, and the vendace which has a"
"Convention. There is much uncertainty and confusion in the classification of the many of species of this genus. Particularly, one extreme view of diversity recognises just two main species in Northern and Central Europe, the common whitefish ""C. lavaretus"" and the vendace ""C. albula"", whereas others would divide these into numerous, often narrowly distributed species. A drastic increase in number of recognized species occurred in 2007, when a review advocated that more than 50 local European populations should be considered as distinct based on morphological differences. It has been estimated that several of them are very young, having separated from"
"Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and is considered Critically Endangered in Victoria by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning's List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria – 2013. Tasmanian whitebait The Tasmanian whitebait (""Lovettia sealli""), also known as the Australian whitebait or Derwent whitebait, is a semi-anadromous osmeriform fish of the family Galaxiidae, found only in Tasmania and southern Victoria, Australia. Scottish naturalist Robert Mackenzie Johnston described the species in 1883 as ""Haplochiton sealii"". Calling it the Derwent smelt, he observed that it appeared in numbers in the upper Derwent near New Norfolk in October and"
"sustainability of fish stocks and species around the world, and has a rating system for fish sustainability, in order to safeguard future stocks. The MCS suggests avoiding eating and purchasing the juvenile whitebait as it is detrimental to sustainable fish populations. Residents of Arecibo, Puerto Rico traditionally fish for whitebait at the mouth of the Río Grande de Arecibo. The fish are known locally as cetí and classified as Pellona bleekeriana or Sicydium plumieri. Elvers are young eels. Traditionally, fishermen consumed elvers as a cheap dish, but environmental changes have reduced eel populations. Similar to whitebait, they are now considered"
"batter; finally they may simply be dipped in flour and deep fried (""Frittelle di Gianchetti/Bianchetti""). The gianchetti of a red colour (""ruscetti"", ""rossetti"") are tougher and scaly to the palate: they are largely used to flavour fish-based sauces. In Sicilian cuisine whitebait are known as ""ceruses"" (literally translated as ""baby""). Whitebait are the principal ingredient of the Sicilian specialty croquette ""polpette di neonata""; which are a type of rolled meatball of whitebait with parsley, and egg and/or a bit of flour to amalgamate, fried in olive oil or sometimes deep-fried in peanut oil. In Neapolitan cuisine whitebait are known as"
"asymmetric jaw. This feeding technique also means that a lot of sand, rock fragments, mud and detritus is funnelled in as well. Young adults continue to eat a juvenile diet, but become more selective as they transition to an adult diet, consuming larger invertebrates and less sediment. Adults can feed in juvenile nursery areas, but tend to only consume crustaceans that have been swept in at high tide, such as mud crabs. During offshore migration in winter and spring, adults have also been known to consume whitebait. Because ""R. leporina"" has small eyes that are located further back from the"