"Sikorsky R-4 The Sikorsky R-4 is a two-seat helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky with a single, three-bladed main rotor and powered by a radial engine. The R-4 was the world's first large-scale mass-produced helicopter and the first helicopter used by the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard and the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. In U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard service, the helicopter was known as the Sikorsky HNS-1. In British service, it was known as the Hoverfly. The VS-316 was developed from the famous experimental VS-300 helicopter,"
"Igor Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (, ""Ígor' Ivánovič Sikórskij""; May 25, 1889 – October 26, 1972), was a Russian-American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. His first success came with the S-2, the second aircraft of his design and construction. His fifth airplane, the S-5, won him national recognition as well as F.A.I. license number 64. His S-6-A received the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition, and in the fall of that year the aircraft won for its young designer, builder and pilot first prize in the military competition at Saint Petersburg. After immigrating to the"
"first demonstration flight with 16 passengers aboard, marking a record for number of passengers carried. From 30 June to 12 July 1914, it set a world record by making a trip from Saint Petersburg to Kiev, a distance of some 1200 km, and back. The first leg took 14 hours and 38 minutes, with one landing for fuel at Orsha, and the return one, with a fuel stop at Novosokolniki, took even less time, about 13 hours. The acclaim received by Sikorsky included Tsar Nicholas II presenting him with the Order of St. Vladimir, Fourth Degree, arranging for an exemption"
"designed the first heavy bomber for Russia. In 2013, ""Flying"" magazine ranked Sikorsky number 12 on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation. On March 22, 2018 the Kiev city council officially renamed Kiev airport ""International Airport ""Kyiv"" (Zhulyany) named after Igor Sikorsky"". Sikorsky was a deeply religious Russian Orthodox Christian and authored two religious and philosophical books (""The Message of the Lord's Prayer"" and ""The Invisible Encounter""). Summarizing his beliefs, in the latter he wrote: Igor Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (, ""Ígor' Ivánovič Sikórskij""; May 25, 1889 – October 26, 1972), was a Russian-American aviation pioneer in both"
"Aerowagon The Aerowagon or Aeromotowagon () was an experimental high-speed railcar fitted with an aircraft engine and propeller traction invented by Valerian Abakovsky, a Soviet engineer from Latvia. It produced speeds of up to . The Aerowagon was originally intended to carry Soviet officials. On 24 July 1921, a group of delegates to the First Congress of the Profintern, led by Fyodor Sergeyev, took the Aerowagon from Moscow to the Tula collieries to test it. Abakovsky was also on board. Although they successfully arrived in Tula, on the return route to Moscow the Aerowagon derailed at high speed near Serpukhov,"
"during a country fair at Belaya Tzerkov, near Kiev. Between nine and ten flying hours were logged before the S-5 was lost in late fall. The crash was caused by fuel starvation due to debris (a mosquito) blocking the carburetor jet. Sikorsky S-5 The Sikorsky S-5 was an early Russian single seat biplane design by Igor Sikorsky, completed in late April 1911. The S-5 was powered by a Argus water-cooled engine turning a propeller Sikorsky designed and built himself. The fabric covering the wooden wings was tightened with pure alcohol and glue mixed with boiling water while the fuselage structure"
"Sikorsky Cypher The Sikorsky Cypher and Cypher II are types of unmanned aerial vehicles developed by Sikorsky Aircraft. They are vertical takeoff and landing aircraft which use two opposing rotors enclosed in a circular shroud for propulsion. In the late 1980s, Sikorsky Aircraft flew a small UAV named ""Cypher"", with coaxial rotors inside a torus-shaped airframe. The torus shroud improved handling safety and helped increase lift. The first proof-of-concept Cypher was 1.75 meters (5.75 feet) in diameter and 55 centimeters (1.8 feet) tall, weighed 20 kilograms (43 pounds), and was first flown in the summer of 1988. This design was"
"United States after the October Revolution of 1917 and designed the world's first helicopter there in 1939. Rudolf Sikorski (""Wanderer"") was performed by Aleksei Serebryakov in movies ""The Inhabited Island"" and ""The Inhabited Island: The Battle"". Rudolf Sikorski Rudolf Sikorski (2075 - ?) is a fictional character in Boris and Arkady Strugatsky's series of science fiction novels set in the Noon Universe, also known as Exzellenz or Wanderer. Sikorski appears in ""Prisoners of Power"" and ""Beetle in the Anthill"". Also he is mentioned once in ""The Time Wanderers"" by Maxim Kammerer. Sikorski was one of the key figures on Earth"
"Valerian Abakovsky Valerian Ivanovich Abakovsky (, Latvian: ""Valerians Abakovskis"") (5 October 1895 – 24 July 1921) is best remembered as the inventor of the Aerowagon. Ethnically Russian, he was born in Riga on October 5, 1895. Although a talented inventor, he worked as a chauffeur for the Tambov Cheka. The invention for which Abakovsky is remembered is the Aerowagon, an experimental high-speed railcar fitted with an airplane engine and propeller propulsion. It was originally intended to carry Soviet officials. On 24 July 1921, a group of communists led by Fyodor Sergeyev took the Aerowagon from Moscow to the Tula collieries"
"of over 185 kilometers (115 miles) and a top speed of 230 km/h (145 mph). It is unclear if the Cypher will enter production. This article contains material that originally came from the web article ""Unmanned Aerial Vehicles"" by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain. Sikorsky Cypher The Sikorsky Cypher and Cypher II are types of unmanned aerial vehicles developed by Sikorsky Aircraft. They are vertical takeoff and landing aircraft which use two opposing rotors enclosed in a circular shroud for propulsion. In the late 1980s, Sikorsky Aircraft flew a small UAV named ""Cypher"", with coaxial rotors inside"
"early in December. The S-3 made its last flight on December 13, 1910 when at an altitude of 90 feet the engines distributor shifted to a retarded position and lost power. The aircraft landed hard on a frozen pond, broke through the ice and sank causing serious damage. The S-3 was salvaged and some parts including the engine were used in the construction of the S-4. Sikorsky S-3 The Sikorsky S-3 was an early Russian single seat biplane design by Igor Sikorsky. Work on the machine started in July 1910 and was completed in late November. The S-3 was a"
"fabric covering between the wing root and first rib. On the evening of 17 September 1912, Sikorsky piloted the S-8 on a ninety minute night flight from the Korpusnoi Aerodrome near Saint Petersburg. He landed with help of fires set at the airfield. Sikorsky S-8 The Sikorsky S-8 ""Malyutka"" (baby) was a small Russian single engine aircraft built by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works shortly after Igor Sikorsky became chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division in 1912. The S-8 was a two bay biplane trainer powered by a Gnome air-cooled rotary engine with the main wings and landing"
"to have gyroscopic stabilization (first patented by Brennan in 1903). The proposed monorail train consisted of a motor car and a 50-seat passenger car. The travel speed was supposed to reach 150 km/h. A 12 km monorail track was constructed in 4 months, and a Saint Petersburg factory was contracted to build a train. In May 1922, the project funding ceased. Shilovskiy went to the Great Britain where he worked for Sperry Gyroscope Company. In the 1920-1930s theoretical and practical works on monorails were conducted by Vyacheslav Petrovich Tikhostsky and his colleagues. Several experimental monorails were built: Sipyaginskaya, Solotchinskaya, Lyskovskaya"
"Sikorsky Ilya Muromets The Sikorsky ""Ilya Muromets"" () (Sikorsky S-22, S-23, S-24, S-25, S-26 and S-27) were a class of Russian pre-World War I large four-engine commercial airliners and military heavy bombers used during World War I by the Russian Empire. The aircraft series was named after Ilya Muromets, a hero from Slavic mythology. The series was based on the Russky Vityaz or Le Grand, the world's first four-engined aircraft, designed by Igor Sikorsky. The Ilya Muromets aircraft as it appeared in 1913 was a revolutionary design, intended for commercial service with its spacious fuselage incorporating a passenger saloon and"
"and politics. If an airliner is defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial service, the Russian Sikorsky Ilya Muromets was the first aircraft meeting that definition. The Ilya Muromets was a luxurious aircraft with a separate passenger saloon, wicker chairs, a bedroom, a lounge, and a toilet. The aircraft also had heating and electrical lighting. The Ilya Muromets first flew on December 10, 1913. On February 25, 1914, it took off for its first demonstration flight with 16 passengers aboard. From June 21 – June 23, it made a round-trip from Saint Petersburg to Kiev in"
"secured by the colonel's furniture. Fyodor Pirotsky Fyodor Apollonovich Pirotsky (; - ) was a Russian engineer of Ukrainian origin and inventor of the world's first railway electrification system and electric tram. While the commercialization of his inventions in Russia was relatively slow, Pirotsky is known to have met with Carl Heinrich von Siemens and influenced Siemens' eventual introduction of the first regular electric tram line (for the Berlin Straßenbahn). Fyodor was born to the family of a military physician in Lokhvytsia Uezd of Poltava Gubernia (currently, Ukraine) of the Russian Empire. His family was of Ukrainian Cossacks ancestry. Fyodor"
"method of travel is called ""yezda na sobakah"" () or ""dog-riding"". This mode of travel is sometimes used by football fans. ""Elektrichkas"" have a high rate of on-board crime. As of 2008, there are new trains (generally on popular routes from Moscow and St.Petersburg) which are comfortable; some are operated by private concerns and are safe, clean and well-maintained. These ""elektrichkas"" are usually high-speed and have few stops; tickets are more expensive, and such ""elektrichkas"" serve as true inter-city trains; cheaper trains often connect cities and their suburbs only. In remote regions of Russia with no electrified railroads, ""elektrichkas"" and"
"Fyodor Pirotsky Fyodor Apollonovich Pirotsky (; - ) was a Russian engineer of Ukrainian origin and inventor of the world's first railway electrification system and electric tram. While the commercialization of his inventions in Russia was relatively slow, Pirotsky is known to have met with Carl Heinrich von Siemens and influenced Siemens' eventual introduction of the first regular electric tram line (for the Berlin Straßenbahn). Fyodor was born to the family of a military physician in Lokhvytsia Uezd of Poltava Gubernia (currently, Ukraine) of the Russian Empire. His family was of Ukrainian Cossacks ancestry. Fyodor received his education at Saint"
"delivered in early 1916. Although highly maneuverable, the S-XVI possessed a comparatively poor performance due to insufficient power. A further small batch were completed in 1917, with the aircraft being used during the Russian Revolution and staying in service until 1923. At least one aircraft have been used by the Ukrainian People's Republic after 1917. Sikorsky S-16 The Sikorsky S-16, or RBVZ S-XVI (named after its manufacturer), was a Russian equi-span single-bay two-seat biplane designed by Igor Sikorsky in 1914-15. Conceived in response to demand for an escort fighter for the Ilya Muromets bombers, it was noteworthy in that it"
"was crushed by an engine that fell off a single-seat Morane aircraft during a landing. Sikorsky decided not to repair the seriously damaged Russky Vityaz and began working on his next brainchild — the Ilya Muromets. Sikorsky Russky Vityaz The Sikorsky Russky Vityaz (), or Russian Knight, previously known as the Bolshoi Baltisky () ""(The Great Baltic)"" in its first four-engined version, was the first four-engine aircraft in the world, designed by Igor Sikorsky and built at the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works (""Russo-Baltiiskyi Vagonnyi Zavod"" or ""R-BVZ"") in Saint Petersburg in early 1913. Sikorsky conceived the S-21 design in"
"Nevsky Express The Nevsky Express () (No. 167B/168B) is a Russian Railways express train, formerly the fastest on the prominent route between the Leningradsky Rail Terminal in Moscow and the Moskovsky Rail Terminal in Saint Petersburg (the Moscow-Leningrad Railway). The train has a maximum speed of 200 km/h (125 mph) and does not make any intermediate station stops. It consists of a Skoda Chs200 locomotive, 13 passenger cars and a restaurant car. It features 6-person compartments in some cars and airline style seating in other cars. The ""Nevsky Express"" was initially retired with the introduction of the faster ""Sapsan"" high"
"as a technology that was able to achieve this in real life, a possibility first recognized in 1861 by William Leitch. In 1903, high school mathematics teacher Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935), inspired by Verne and Cosmism, published ""Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами"" (""The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices""), the first serious scientific work on space travel. The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation—the principle that governs rocket propulsion—is named in his honor (although it had been discovered previously). He also advocated the use of liquid hydrogen and oxygen for propellant, calculating their maximum exhaust velocity. His work was essentially unknown"
"main problems to which he devoted his life. Tsiolkovsky had been developing the idea of the hovercraft since 1921, publishing a fundamental paper on it in 1927, entitled ""Air Resistance and the Express Train"" (). In 1929, Tsiolkovsky proposed the construction of multistage rockets in his book ""Space Rocket Trains"" (). Tsiolkovsky championed the idea of the diversity of life in the universe and was the first theorist and advocate of human spaceflight. Tsiolkovsky never built a rocket; he apparently did not expect many of his theories to ever be implemented. Hearing problems did not prevent the scientist from having"
"first flight on May 13, 1913. In recognition for his accomplishment, he was awarded an honorary degree in engineering from Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute in 1914. Sikorsky took the experience from building the Russky Vityaz to develop the S-22 ""Ilya Muromets"" airliner. Due to outbreak of World War I, he redesigned it as the world's first four-engined bomber, for which he was decorated with the Order of St. Vladimir. After World War I, Igor Sikorsky briefly became an engineer for the French forces in Russia, during the Russian Civil War. Seeing little opportunity for himself as an aircraft designer in"
"being used in most helicopters produced today. Igor Sikorsky was also on the board of directors for the Tolstoy Foundation Center in Valley Cottage, New York. Sikorsky was married to Olga Fyodorovna Simkovitch in the Russian Empire. They were divorced and Olga remained in Russia with their daughter, Tania, as Sikorsky departed after the October Revolution. In 1923, Sikorsky's sisters immigrated to the US, bringing six-year-old Tania with them. Sikorsky married Elisabeth Semion (1903–1995) in 1924, in New York. Sikorsky and Elisabeth had four sons; Sergei, Nikolai, Igor Jr. and George. Sikorsky died at his home in Easton, Connecticut, on"
"Sikorsky Firefly The Sikorsky Firefly is an all-electric helicopter built for research purposes by Sikorsky Aircraft. It has been called the world's ""first all-electric helicopter"". The Firefly is a modified Sikorsky S-300C helicopter with its engine replaced by an electric motor and two lithium-ion battery packs. The helicopter can hold only the pilot, no passengers, and operate for 12 to 15 minutes. It has a top speed of 80 knots, or about 92 mph. Sikorsky announced the existence of the new aircraft July 19, 2010 at the Farnborough International Air Show in the United Kingdom and displayed it for the"
"Sikorsky S-7 The Sikorsky S-7 was a Russian single engine experimental prototype aircraft built by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works shortly after Igor Sikorsky became chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division. The S-7 was two place wire-braced monoplane powered by a Gnome air-cooled rotary engine. Construction began in early summer of 1912 and completed in July. The pilot sat in the rear cockpit with a passenger seated in a forward compartment in a tandem arrangement. The fuselage was enclosed in plywood and the aircraft used components taken from the S-6A including the main wing, tail and landing gear."
"Sikorsky Russky Vityaz The Sikorsky Russky Vityaz (), or Russian Knight, previously known as the Bolshoi Baltisky () ""(The Great Baltic)"" in its first four-engined version, was the first four-engine aircraft in the world, designed by Igor Sikorsky and built at the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works (""Russo-Baltiiskyi Vagonnyi Zavod"" or ""R-BVZ"") in Saint Petersburg in early 1913. Sikorsky conceived the S-21 design in 1911, when no known aircraft could lift more than . The carrying capacity record belonged to the French pilot Ducis, who had flown with a load of . On hearing about the construction of the ""Russky"
"Hippolyte Romanov Hippolyte Vladimirovich Romanov (also spelt Hippolyte Romanoff; ; 1864–1944) was a Russian engineer and inventor, whose work was closely associated with electric vehicles. He designed the first domestic electric car was built in Saint Petersburg, 1899. This vehicle was designed to carry two people and became famous under the name ""cuckoo."" It has 750 kg weight, of which 370 kg held battery. Capacity of fully charged battery was enough for about 60 km way at a speed of 35 versts per hour (about 39 km/h). He also built an omnibus car carrying 17 people at a speed of"
"Sikorsky S-5 The Sikorsky S-5 was an early Russian single seat biplane design by Igor Sikorsky, completed in late April 1911. The S-5 was powered by a Argus water-cooled engine turning a propeller Sikorsky designed and built himself. The fabric covering the wooden wings was tightened with pure alcohol and glue mixed with boiling water while the fuselage structure was left exposed. Instead of separate levers to control the elevator and ailerons as in his previous aircraft, Sikorsky designed a single control lever with a wheel allowing control of pitch and roll. This ""control column"" included a button switch to"
"1912. In early 1912, Igor Sikorsky became Chief Engineer of the aircraft division for the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works (""Russko-Baltiisky Vagonny Zavod"" or ""R-BVZ"") in Saint Petersburg. His work at R-BVZ included the construction of the first four-engine aircraft, the S-21 ""Russky Vityaz"", which he initially called ""Le Grand"" when fitted with just two engines, then as the ""Bolshoi Baltisky"" (The Great Baltic) when fitted with four engines for the first time, each wing panel's pair of powerplants in a ""push-pull"" tandem configuration previous to the four tractor-engined ""Russki Vityaz"". He also served as the test pilot for its"
"Sikorsky S-8 The Sikorsky S-8 ""Malyutka"" (baby) was a small Russian single engine aircraft built by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works shortly after Igor Sikorsky became chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division in 1912. The S-8 was a two bay biplane trainer powered by a Gnome air-cooled rotary engine with the main wings and landing gear of similar design to the S-6-A. Completed early in the summer of 1912, the aircraft featured a side by side seating arrangement with controls that could be moved between the instructor and student. For improved downward visibility the lower wing had no"
"Urban electric transport in Russia The production of urban electric transport is a branch of Russian engineering. Russia has the largest number of trolley (85) and tram systems (86) in the world. In 1860 the first urban horse railway line (a predecessor of trams), known as ""konka""—from the Russian ""kon"", ""horse""—opened in Saint Petersburg. The first electric tram line in the Russian Empire opened in Kiev in 1892. That year, tram production began at the Kolomna Locomotive Works. Before World War I trams were produced at Sormovo, Mytishchi, Nikolaev, Riga and Saint Petersburg, but much of the rolling stock was"