"Livia (gens) The gens Livia was an illustrious plebeian family at ancient Rome. The first of the Livii to obtain the consulship was Marcus Livius Denter in 302 BC, and from his time the Livii supplied the Republic with eight consuls, two censors, a dictator, and a master of the horse. Members of the gens were honoured with three triumphs. In the reign of Augustus, Livia Drusilla was Roman empress, and her son was the emperor Tiberius. History preserves no traditions concerning the origin of the Livian gens. Although its members are not found in the first two centuries of"
"Talmud describes Titus as having had sex with a whore on a Torah scroll inside the Temple during its destruction. The war in Judaea and the life of Titus, particularly his relationship with Berenice, have inspired writers and artists through the centuries. The bas-relief in the Arch of Titus has been influential in the depiction of the destruction of Jerusalem, with the Menorah frequently being used to symbolise the looting of the Second Temple. Titus Titus (; ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus"
"of Linn"". Claudius Claudius (; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first (and until Trajan, only) Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. Claudius' infirmity probably saved him from"
"in Rome. Around 53, the Roman Emperor Claudius arranged for her to marry Marcus Antonius Felix, a Greek Freedman who was the Roman Governor of Judea. Between the years 54 to 56, Felix divorced Drusilla as he fell in love and married the Herodian princess Drusilla. Drusilla held the Latin honorary title of ""Regina"". The Roman historian Suetonius only uses the word ""Regina"" to describe a queen regnant or a queen consort. According to Suetonius, she is one of the three queens whom Felix married. Her title may have been purely honorary; possibly it reveals Felix’s influence, the high position"
"Claudius Claudius (; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first (and until Trajan, only) Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. Claudius' infirmity probably saved him from the fate"
"Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November 9 AD – 24 June 79 AD) was Roman emperor from 69–79, the fourth, and last, in the Year of the Four Emperors. He founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years. Vespasian was the first emperor who hailed from an equestrian family and only rose into the senatorial rank as the first member of his family later in his lifetime. Vespasian's renown came from his military success; he was legate of Legio II ""Augusta"" during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of"
"to adulthood, married strategically to Pompey to cement the First Triumvirate, died in childbirth in 54 BC. Livia Drusilla (30 January 58 BC – 28 September 29 AD) was adopted into her husband's family (the ""Julii Caesares"") in his will. She became known as Julia Augusta after her adoption. Julia Major (October 39 BC-AD 14), also known as Julia the Elder, was the only child of Augustus, from his second marriage with Scribonia. Vipsania Julia Agrippina, daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder, also known as ""Julia Minor"" or ""Julia the Younger"". Technically, she belonged to the ""Vipsanii"
"Domitilla the Elder Flavia Domitilla Major (""Major"", Latin for ""the elder"") Flavia Domitilla the Elder or Domitilla the Elder (died before 69, perhaps c. 65) was the wife of the Roman Emperor Vespasian. Flavia Domitilla was born in Sabratha to Italian colonists who had moved there during the reign of Augustus. She was a daughter of Flavius Liberalis, a humble quaestor’s clerk. Before her marriage, she was a formal mistress to an equestrian. Vespasian married her around 38 AD. She was the mother of Domitilla the Younger and of the emperors Titus and Domitian. She died before Vespasian became emperor."
"the forum to the palace allowed for women who lived there to gain an upper hand in influencing politics. One notable woman was Livia Drusilla Augusta (58 BCE – CE 29), the wife of Augustus and the most powerful woman in the early Roman Empire, acting several times as regent and being Augustus' faithful advisor. Several women of the Imperial family, such as Livia's great-granddaughter and Caligula's sister Agrippina the Younger, gained political influence as well as public prominence. Women also participated in efforts to overthrow the emperors who abused their power. Shortly after Caligula's sister Drusilla died, her widower"
"of the Roman fleet and was instead arrested. Once the conspiracy was uncovered, she would reveal nothing even under torture, in contrast to the senators, who were not subjected to torture and yet raced to spill the details. Tacitus also praises Egnatia Maximilla for sacrificing her fortune in order to stand by her innocent husband against Nero. Classical texts have little to say about women and the Roman army. Emperor Augustus (reigned 27 BC–AD 14) disallowed marriage by ordinary soldiers, a ban that lasted nearly two centuries. However it has been suggested that wives and children of centurions lived with"
"Calvia Crispinilla Calvia Crispinilla (fl. c. 54) was a Roman Imperial courtier. Calvia Crispinilla was possibly of African origins. She was a favourite of the emperor Nero, serving as ""mistress of the Imperial wardrobe"" at the palace. A noblewoman of unknown lineage, she was considered to have great power and influence, having accompanied Nero and his third wife Statilia Messalina to Greece at 66. She was seen as a greedy and rapacious by her contemporaries. Tacitus called Calvia Crispinilla a ""tutor in vice"" (""magistrate libidinum"") of Nero. When Nero married the young castrated boy Sporus in 67, he made her"
"Nerva Nerva (; ; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98 AD) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor at the age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Under Nero, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian, respectively. On 18 September 96, Domitian was assassinated in a palace conspiracy involving members of"
"miscarried, through her sons by her first husband, Tiberius and Drusus, she is a direct ancestor of all of the Julio-Claudian emperors as well as most of the extended Julio-Claudian imperial family. The line possibly continued for at least another century after the dynasty's downfall through the son and grandson of Livia's great-great-granddaughter Rubellia Bassa (see below); however, it is unknown whether or not this line was continued or if it became extinct. Livia Livia Drusilla (Classical Latin: , ; 30 January 58 BC – 28 September 29 AD), also known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the"
"Caligula Caligula (; Latin: ""Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus""; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Germanicus' uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14. Although he was born Gaius Caesar, after Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname ""Caligula"" (meaning ""little soldier's boot"", the diminutive form of ""caliga"") from his father's soldiers"
"Plautia Urgulanilla Plautia Urgulanilla (fl. 1st century) was the first wife of the future Roman Emperor Claudius. They married sometime around the year 9 AD when Claudius was 18 years old. According to Suetonius, Claudius divorced her in 24 on grounds of adultery by Plautia and his suspicions of her involvement in the murder of her sister-in-law Apronia. Her father was Marcus Plautius Silvanus, a general who was consul for the year 2 BC. He had been honored with a triumph. Urgulanilla was named for her grandmother, Urgulania, a close friend of the Empress Livia Drusilla. She gave birth to"
"him as forever young, in line with his propaganda goals. His propaganda goals aim to display the authority of the Roman emperors through conventional styles and stories of the culture. Augustus of Prima Porta Augustus of Prima Porta () is a 2.03 m high marble statue of Augustus Caesar, the first and one of the most significant emperors of Ancient Rome, which was discovered on April 20, 1863 in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome. Augustus Caesar's wife Livia Drusilla, now known as Julia Augusta, retired to the villa after his death. The sculpture is now displayed"
"Germanicus, she and her siblings were brought back to Rome by their mother and raised with the help of their paternal grandmother, Antonia Minor. In 33 CE, Drusilla was married to Lucius Cassius Longinus, a friend of the Emperor Tiberius. After Caligula became emperor in 37 CE, however, he ordered their divorce and married his sister to his friend, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. During an illness in 37 CE, Caligula changed his will to name Drusilla his heir, making her the first woman to be named heir in a Roman imperial will. This was probably an attempt to continue the Julian"
"the Elder, the daughter of an equestrian from Ferentium. They had two sons, Titus Flavius Vespasianus (born in 39) and Titus Flavius Domitianus (born in 51), and a daughter, Domitilla (born in 45). Domitilla the Elder died before Vespasian became emperor. Thereafter his mistress Caenis was his wife in all but name until she died in 74. The political career of Vespasian included the offices of quaestor, aedile and praetor, and culminated with a consulship in 51, the year Domitian was born. As a military commander, he gained early renown by participating in the Roman invasion of Britain in 43."
"Bruttia Crispina Bruttia Crispina (164 – 191 AD) was Roman Empress from 178 to 191 as the consort of Roman Emperor Commodus. Her marriage to Commodus did not produce an heir, and her husband was instead succeeded by Pertinax. Crispina came from an illustrious aristocratic family and was the daughter of twice consul Gaius Bruttius Praesens and his wife Valeria. Crispina’s paternal grandparents were consul and senator Gaius Bruttius Praesens and the rich heiress Laberia Hostilia Crispina, daughter of another twice consul, Manius Laberius Maximus. Crispina's brother was future consul Lucius Bruttius Quintius Crispinus. Her father’s family originally came from"
"Domitian Domitian (; ; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96 AD) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. He was the younger brother of Titus and the son of Vespasian, his two predecessors on the throne, and the last member of the Flavian dynasty. During his reign, the authoritarian nature of his rule put him at sharp odds with the senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. Domitian had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother. After the death of his brother, Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. His 15-year reign"
"Titus Titus (; ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father. Prior to becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish–Roman War. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperor Nero in 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during the Year of the Four Emperors."
"his. Much more than a ""gloomy coda to the...1st century"", the Roman Empire prospered between 81 and 96, in a reign that Theodor Mommsen described as a somber but intelligent despotism. Domitian Domitian (; ; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96 AD) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. He was the younger brother of Titus and the son of Vespasian, his two predecessors on the throne, and the last member of the Flavian dynasty. During his reign, the authoritarian nature of his rule put him at sharp odds with the senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. Domitian had"
"and burned with Domitian's by Domitian's former nurse secretly in the Temple of the Flavians. Julia Flavia Julia Flavia (8 September 64 – 91) was the daughter and only child to Roman Emperor Titus from his second marriage to the well-connected Marcia Furnilla. Julia was born in Rome. Her parents divorced when Julia was an infant, due to her mother's family's connections to the opponents of Emperor Nero. In 65, after the failure of the Pisonian conspiracy, the family of Marcia Furnilla was disfavored by Nero. Julia's father, Titus concluded that he did not want to be connected with any"
"Aelia Flaccilla Aelia Flavia Flaccilla (31 March 356 – 386), was a Roman empress and first wife of the Roman Emperor Theodosius I. She was of Hispanian Roman descent. During her marriage to Theodosius, she gave birth to two sons — future Emperors Arcadius and Honorius — and a daughter, Aelia Pulcheria. She was titled ""Augusta"", as her coinage shows. According to ""Laus Serenae"" (""In Praise of Serena""), a poem by Claudian, both Serena and Flaccilla were from Hispania. A passage of Themistius (Oratio XVI, ""De Saturnino"") has been interpreted as identifying Flavius Claudius Antonius, Praetorian prefect of Gaul from"
"played by Giuliano Gemma in the 1964 film ""Revolt of the Praetorians"". Nerva Nerva (; ; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98 AD) was Roman emperor from 96 to 98. Nerva became emperor at the age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty. Under Nero, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian, respectively. On 18"
"in memory of his father and the other at the amphitheatre in memory of his grandfather Drusus. Tiberius Claudius Nero (praetor 42 BC) Tiberius Claudius Nero, often known as Tiberius Nero and Nero (85–33 BC) was a politician who lived in the last century of the Roman Republic. He was the first husband of Livia, but was forced to divorce her in 38 BC so that she could marry the future emperor Augustus. Nero was the father of the second Roman emperor Tiberius, (who became the stepson of the emperor Augustus and was adopted by Augustus as his heir), and"
"Augustus of Prima Porta Augustus of Prima Porta () is a 2.03 m high marble statue of Augustus Caesar, the first and one of the most significant emperors of Ancient Rome, which was discovered on April 20, 1863 in the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, near Rome. Augustus Caesar's wife Livia Drusilla, now known as Julia Augusta, retired to the villa after his death. The sculpture is now displayed in the Braccio Nuovo (New Arm) of the Vatican Museums. The dating of the Prima Porta piece is widely contested because there is a representation on the breast plate signifying"
"emperor Vespasian from 69 until 79. Lucius Ennius Lucius Ennius was a Roman Eques that lived in the second half of the 1st century BC and first half of the 1st century. Little is known on the origins of Ennius, however he may have been originally from the Roman province of Creta et Cyrenaica. Ennius was a member of the gens, Ennia, hence was a relative of Quintus Ennius, a Poet that lived during the Roman Republic and Manius Ennius a Roman Soldier, that served with Germanicus in 14 on the Rhine River. In 22 Ennius was accused of treason"
"54 BC). However, both Livia and Cato seem to have died in the mid to late 90s BC, as Servilia, Cato, and Porcia all spent their earliest years in Drusus' house before his assassination in 91 BC. Marcus Livius Drusus (tribune) The younger Marcus Livius Drusus, son of Marcus Livius Drusus the Elder, was a Roman politician and reformer, most famous as tribune of the plebeians in 91 BC. The failure of his legislative reforms and his subsequent assassination late in 91 BC are often seen as an immediate cause of the Social War (91-88 BC). M. Livius Drusus' was"
"Domitilla (born c. 45). His wife Domitilla and his daughter Domitilla both died before Vespasian became Emperor in 69. After the death of his wife, Vespasian's longstanding mistress, Antonia Caenis, became his wife in all but formal status, a relationship that continued until she died in 75. In preparation for a praetorship, Vespasian needed two periods of service in the minor magistracies, one military and the other public. Vespasian served in the military in Thracia for about three years. On his return to Rome in about 30 AD, he obtained a post in the ""vigintivirate"", the minor magistracies, most probably"
"Lollia Paulina Lollia Paulina, also known as Lollia Paullina (15-49) was a Roman Empress for six months in 38 as the third wife and consort of the Roman emperor Caligula. Outside of her term as a Roman Empress, she was a noble Roman woman who lived in the Roman Empire of the 1st century. Paulina was a member of the plebeian gens Lollia. Paulina was the second daughter of Marcus Lollius with Volusia Saturnina, while her elder sister was Lollia Saturnina. Her father, Marcus Lollius was the son born to the Roman Politician and Military Officer Marcus Lollius from his"
"Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula) Julia Drusilla (Classical Latin: ; middle of AD 39 – 24 January 41), known as Drusilla the Younger (Classical Latin: ; transcribed as ""Drusilla Minor"") during her lifetime, was the only child and daughter of Roman Emperor Gaius (Caligula) and his fourth and last wife Milonia Caesonia. One-year-old Julia Drusilla was assassinated along with her parents on 24 January 41. Named after her late aunt and her father's favorite sister, Julia Drusilla, Julia was born not long after Caligula married Caesonia (some sources have her being born on the same day as the marriage). The"
"reign as King. In this inscription, Sampsiceramus II is honored as a ""Great King"" [Regis Magni]. Sampsiceramus II ruled as a Great King at least in local parlance. After the death of Sampsiceramus II, his first son Azizus succeeded him. He was the namesake of his paternal ancestor Aziz (Azizus), the father of Sampsiceramus I and reigned from 42 until 54. Little is known on the reign of Azizus, however he is known for his childless marriage to the Herodian Princess Drusilla. Azizus married Drusilla after 51, on the condition that he was to be circumcised. She was briefly married"