"albeit with some adaptations. Japanese, Indian and Arabic names such as ""Kajibumi"", ""Djakarta"" and ""Jabar"" are written as ""Kadžibumi"", ""Džakarta"" and ""Džabar"", where j is replaced with dž. Except for ć and đ, graphemes with diacritical marks from other foreign alphabets (e.g., ä, å, æ, ç, ë, ï, ń, ö, ß, ş, ü) are not used as independent letters. The modern alphabet (""abeceda"") was standardised in the mid-1840s from an arrangement of the Croatian national reviver and leader Ljudevit Gaj which would become the Croatian alphabet, and was in turn patterned on the Czech alphabet. Before the current alphabet became"
"Shin (letter) Shin (also spelled Šin (') or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Shin , Hebrew Shin , Aramaic Shin , Syriac Shin ܫ, and Arabic Shin (in abjadi order, 13th in modern order). Its sound value is a voiceless sibilant, or . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Sigma () (which in turn gave Latin and Cyrillic С), and the letter ""Sha"" in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic scripts (, ). The South Arabian and Ethiopian letter ""Śawt"" is also cognate. The Proto-Sinaitic glyph, according to William Albright, was based on a"
"the alphabet, ""cho chang"" (ช) and ""cho choe"" (ฌ), are also named ""cho"", however, they all fall under the low class of Thai consonants. Unlike many Indic scripts, Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and use the pinthu""—""an explicit virama with a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script, ""ching"" (ฉิ่ง) means ‘cymbals (ching)’. ""Cho ching"" corresponds to the Sanskrit character ‘छ’. Cha (Indic) Cha is the seventh consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, cha is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic letter (""Q"") after"
"Hebrew is שִׁרְיוֹן - ""shiryon""). Sh'at haShin (the Shin hour) is the last possible moment for any action, usually military. Corresponds to the English expression ""the eleventh hour"". Shin (letter) Shin (also spelled Šin (') or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Shin , Hebrew Shin , Aramaic Shin , Syriac Shin ܫ, and Arabic Shin (in abjadi order, 13th in modern order). Its sound value is a voiceless sibilant, or . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Sigma () (which in turn gave Latin and Cyrillic С), and the letter ""Sha"" in"
"If they were added by Cyril, it is likely that they were taken from an alphabet used for Christian scripture. It is frequently proposed that the letters ""sha"" , ""tsi"" , and ""cherv"" were taken from the letters ""shin"" ש and ""tsadi"" צ of the Hebrew alphabet, and that Ⰶ ""zhivete"" derives from Coptic ""janja"" Ϫ. However, Cubberley (1996) suggests that if a single prototype were presumed, the most likely source would be Armenian. Other proposals include the Samaritan alphabet, which Cyril learned during his journey to the Khazars in Cherson. Glagolitic letters were also used as numbers, similarly to"
"Sh (digraph) Sh is a digraph of the Latin alphabet, a combination of S and H. In Albanian, sh represents . It is considered a distinct letter, named shë, and placed between S and T in the Albanian alphabet. In Breton, sh represents . It is not considered a distinct letter and it is a variety of zh (e. g. ""koshoc'h"" (""older""). It is not considered as a diphthong in compound words, such as ""kroashent"" (""roundabout"": ""kroaz"" (""cross"") + ""hent"" (""way"", ""ford""). In English, usually represents . The exception is in compound words, where the and are not a digraph,"
"Cha (Indic) Cha is the seventh consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, cha is derived from the Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic letter (""Q"") after having gone through the Gupta letter . Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of छ are: Cha (छ) is the seventh consonant of the Devanagari abugida. In all languages, छ is pronounced as or when appropriate. Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter છ and the Modi"
"letter 𑘔. ছ is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese. Cha (છ) is the seventh consonant of the Gujarati script. It is derived from 16th century Devanagari letter ""cha"" (छ) with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed. Chhachhaa (ਛ) is the twelfth letter of the Gurmukhi alphabet. Its name is [t͡ʃʰət͡ʃʰːɑ] and is pronounced as /t͡ʃʰ/ when used in words. It is derived from the Laṇḍā letter cha, and ultimately from the Brahmi cha. Gurmukhi chachaa does not have a special pairin or addha (reduced) form for making"
"Shina language Shina ( ) is a language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages family spoken by the Shina people, a plurality of the people in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, as well as in pockets in India such as in Dah Hanu, Gurez and Dras. Until recently, there was no writing system of the language. A number of schemes have been proposed and there is no single writing system used by all of the speakers of Shina language. In India, the dialects of the Shina language have preserved both initial and final OIA consonant clusters, while the Shina dialects spoken"
"a dot shape—to indicate bare consonants. In the acrophony of the Thai script,"" choe"" (เฌอ) means ‘tree’. ""Cho choe"" corresponds to the Sanskrit character ‘झ’. Jha (Indic) Jha is the ninth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, jha is derived from the Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of झ are: Jha (झ, ) is the ninth consonant of the Devanagari abugida. In many languages, झ is pronounced as"
"only, the second sin/shin letter is always written without any dot, even in fully vocalized texts. This is because the second sin/shin is always silent. In gematria, Shin represents the number 300. Shin, as a prefix, bears the same meaning as the relative pronouns ""that"", ""which"" and ""who"" in English. In colloquial Hebrew, Kaph and Shin together have the meaning of ""when"". This is a contraction of , ""ka'asher"" (as, when). Shin is also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns (called ""tagin"") when written in a Sefer Torah. See Gimmel, Ayin, Teth, Nun, Zayin, and Tzadi. According"
"Shina people The Shina, also known as the Shin are a Dardic tribe residing in southern Gilgit–Baltistan, Chitral and the western part of the Kohistan district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, as well as the Dras Valley and Kishenganga Valley in the northern region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. They speak an Indo-Aryan language, called Shina, which has varied dialects, such as Brokskat. In Pakistan, the Shina people are found in Shinkari (the part of the Indus Valley below Gor near Ghorband), Gor, Chilas, Tangir, the Indus Valley below Sazin, and the upper part of the Gilgit Valley above Ponyal. Many"
"this letter, the eventual revelation of which will repair the universe. The corresponding letter for the sound in Russian is nearly identical in shape to the Hebrew ""shin"". Given that the Cyrillic script includes borrowed letters from a variety of different alphabets such as Greek and Latin, it is often suggested that the letter ""sha"" is directly borrowed from the Hebrew letter ""shin"" (other hypothesized sources include Coptic and Samaritan). The Shin-Bet was an old acronym for the Israeli Department of Internal General Security. A Shin-Shin Clash is Israeli military parlance for a battle between two tank divisions (""armour"" in"
"Jha (Indic) Jha is the ninth consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, jha is derived from the Brahmi letter after having gone through the Gupta letter . Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the Greek numerals, even after the invention of Indian numerals. The values of the different forms of झ are: Jha (झ, ) is the ninth consonant of the Devanagari abugida. In many languages, झ is pronounced as or when appropriate. In Marathi, झ is sometimes pronounced as or in addition to or . Therefore, loanwords having /z/ use this letter for the"
"Sha (Cyrillic) Sha (Ш ш; italics: ""Ш ш"") is a letter of the Glagolitic and Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of in ""sheep"" or the somewhat similar voiceless retroflex fricative in Russian. More precisely, the sound in Russian denoted by is commonly transcribed as a palatoalveolar fricative but is actually a voiceless retroflex fricative. It is used in every variation of the Cyrillic alphabet for Slavic and non-Slavic languages. In English, Sha is romanized as or as , the latter being the equivalent letter in the Latin alphabets of Czech, Slovak, Slovene,"
"a ""shin""-dot or ""sin""-dot; the ""shin""-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and the ""sin""-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter. Historically, ""left-dot-sin"" corresponds to Proto-Semitic *, which in biblical-Judaic-Hebrew corresponded to the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative , as evidenced in the Greek transliteration of Hebrew words such as ""balsam"" () (the ""ls"" - 'שׂ') as is evident in the ""Targum Onkelos"". Historically, the consonants ""beth"", ""gimel"", ""daleth"", ""kaf"", ""pe"" and ""tav"" each had two sounds: one hard (plosive), and one soft (fricative), depending on the position of the letter and other factors. When vowel diacritics"
"words that will turn repression into loving. Kushner states that the letter Shin (ש) is of special interest. The letter shin that appears on the small leather cube that holds the tefillin has four prongs rather than the standard three. Some scholars say that this is the missing letter. According to these scholars, the coming revelation of the name and pronunciation of this letter will be what repairs the universe. From the Medieval flourishing of Kabbalah onwards, attempts were made to systemise its diverse teachings, especially commentaries on the elusive imagery of the Zohar. Sixteenth century Safed saw the realisation"
"Alphabet. It is considered a separate letter, and is the 9th letter of the alphabet. Sh represents the sound in the Uyghur Latin script. It is considered a separate letter, and is the 14th letter of the alphabet. In Uzbek, the letter sh represents . It is the 27th letter of the Uzbek alphabet. In the Pinyin, Wade-Giles, and Yale romanizations of Chinese, sh represents retroflex . It contrasts with , which is written x in Pinyin, hs in Wade-Giles, and sy in Yale. In the Hepburn romanization of Japanese, sh represents . Other romanizations write as ""s"" before ""i"""
"ŠEŠ The cuneiform ŠEŠ sign, as a capital letter (majuscule), is a sumerogram for Akkadian language ""ahu,"" for ""brother"". It is the cuneiform sign for ŠEŠ, as it can be used for a variety of lower case syllabic values, using š + vowel + š, (or replacement s+vowel+s). Sumerogram ""ŠEŠ"" has a high usage in the mid-14th century BC, ~1350-1330 BC Amarna letters from the brother kingdoms to the Pharaoh's Egypt (Egypt named ""Mizri"" in the letters). The brother kingdoms were Babylon, Alashiya, and Mittanni, where King Tushratta authored 13 El Amarna letters. The sumerogram ""ŠEŠ"", and its syllabic uses"
"م, ""nūn"" ن, ""sīn"" س, ""ʿain"" ع, ""ṣād"" ص, ""qāf"" ق, ""rā"" ر. The six final letters of the Abjadi order (""thakhadh ḍaẓagh"") are unused. The letters represented correspond to those letters written without Arabic diacritics plus ""yāʿ"" ي. It is possible that the restricted set of letters was supposed to invoke an archaic variant of the Arabic alphabet modeled on the Aramaic alphabet. Certain co-occurrence restrictions are observable in these letters; for instance, ""ʾAlif"" is invariably followed by Lām. The substantial majority of the combinations begin either ""ʾAlif Lām "" or ""Ḥāʾ Mīm"". In all but 3 of the"
"[tɕʰ] at the beginning of a syllable and may not be used to close a syllable. The eighth letter of the alphabet, ""cho chan"" (จ), is also named ""cho"" and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. The eighth letter of the alphabet, ""cho ching"" (ฉ), is also named ""cho"" and falls under the high class of Thai consonants. The tenth letter of the alphabet, ""cho chang"" (ช), is also named ""cho and ""falls under the low class of Thai consonants. Unlike many Indic scripts, Thai consonants do not form conjunct ligatures, and use the pinthu""—""an explicit virama with"
"Che (Cyrillic) Che or Cha (Ч ч; italics: ""Ч ч"") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate , like in ""switch"". In English, it is romanized most often as but sometimes as , like in French. In German, it can be transcribed as . In linguistics, it is transcribed as so ""Tchaikovsky"" (Чайковский in Russian) may be transcribed as ""Chaykovskiy"" or ""Čajkovskij"". The name of Che in the Early Cyrillic alphabet was (""črĭvĭ""), meaning ""worm"". In the Cyrillic numeral system, Che had a value of 90. In all Slavic languages that use the"
"conjunct clusters with a half-form, where the vertical stem on the right is dropped and the remaining letter body appended to the following letter. The Gujarati letter ""ca"" (ચ) should not be confused with the Gujarati vowel ""a"" (અ). Cho chan (จ) is the eighth letter of the Thai script. It falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In IPA, ""cho chan"" is pronounced as [tɕ] at the beginning of a syllable and is pronounced as [t̚] at the end of a syllable. The ninth letter of the alphabet, ""cho ching"" (ฉ), is also named c""ho"" and falls under"
"Sz (digraph) Sz is a digraph of the Latin script, used in Hungarian, Polish, Kashubian and German, and in the Wade–Giles system of Romanization of Chinese. In Polish orthography, sz represents a voiceless retroflex fricative . Although being a different consonant, it is usually approximated by English speakers with the ""sh"" sound. It usually corresponds to ш or š in other Slavic languages. Like other Polish digraphs, it is not considered a single letter for collation purposes. sz should not be confused with ś (or s followed by i), termed ""soft sh"", a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative . (""area, territory"")<br> Compare"
"or half-step below the shuddha pitch. Re, Ga, Dha and Ni all have altered partners that are a half-step lower (Komal-""flat"") (thus, komal Re is a half-step higher than Sa). Ma has an altered partner that is a half-step higher (teevra-""sharp"") (thus, tivra Ma is an augmented fourth above Sa). Re, Ga, ma, Dha and Ni are called vikrut swar ('movable notes'). In the written system of Indian notation devised by Ravi Shankar, the pitches are represented by Western letters. Capital letters are used for the achala swar, and for the higher variety of all the vikrut swar. Lowercase letters"
"conjuncts, and in modern Punjabi texts do not take a half form or halant to indicate the bare consonant /t͡ʃʰ/, although Gurmukhi Sanskrit texts may use an explicit halant. Cho ching (ฉ) is the ninth letter of the Thai script. It falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. In IPA, ""cho ching"" is pronounced as [tɕʰ] at the beginning of a syllable and may not be used to close a syllable. The eighth letter of the alphabet, ""cho chan"" (จ), is also named ""cho"" and falls under the middle class of Thai consonants. The tenth and twelfth letters of"
"a variation of the Urdu alphabet. The additional letters to write Shina are: The following is a description of the phonology of the Drasi variety spoken in India. The Shina principal vowel sounds: All vowels but /ɔ/ can be either long or nasalized, though no minimal pairs with the contrast are found. In Shina there are the following diphthongs: Shina words are often distinguished by three contrasting tones: level, rising, and falling tones. Here is an example that shows the three tones: ""The"" has a level tone and means the imperative ""Do!"" When the stress falls on the first mora"
"the Shavian glyphs. Shavian alphabet The Shavian alphabet (also known as the Shaw alphabet) is an alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonetic orthography for the English language to replace the difficulties of conventional spelling. It was posthumously funded by and named after Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw. Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet: it should be (1) at least 40 letters; (2) as ""phonetic"" as possible (that is, letters should have a to phonemes); and (3) distinct from the Latin alphabet to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply ""misspellings"". The Shavian"
"Ş Ş, ş (S-cedilla) is a letter of the Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Neapolitan, Turkish, and Turkmen alphabets. It is also used in the Roman alphabets of Tatar, Crimean Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Chechen, and Kurdish. It commonly represents /ʃ/, the voiceless postalveolar fricative. In early versions of Unicode, the Romanian letter Ș (S-comma) was considered a glyph variant of Ş, and therefore was not present in the Unicode Standard. It is also not present in the Windows 1250 (Central Europe) code page. The letter was only added to the standard in Unicode 3.0, and some texts in Romanian still use Ş instead."
"Ş Ş, ş (S-cedilla) is a letter of the Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Neapolitan, Turkish, and Turkmen alphabets. It is also used in the Roman alphabets of Tatar, Crimean Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh, Chechen, and Kurdish. It commonly represents /ʃ/, the voiceless postalveolar fricative. In early versions of Unicode, the Romanian letter Ș (S-comma) was considered a glyph variant of Ş, and therefore was not present in the Unicode Standard. It is also not present in the Windows 1250 (Central Europe) code page. The letter was only added to the standard in Unicode 3.0, and some texts in Romanian still use Ş instead."
"in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts. The Somali Latin script, or Somali Latin alphabet, was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language. It uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except ""p"", ""v"" and ""z"", and has 21 consonants and 5 vowels. There are no diacritics or other special characters, except the use of the apostrophe for the glottal stop, which does not occur word-initially. Additionally, there are three consonant digraphs: DH, KH and SH. Tone is not marked, and front and back vowels are not distinguished. Capital"
"Zhe with diaeresis Zhe with diaeresis (Ӝ ӝ; italics: ""Ӝ ӝ"") is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Its form is derived from the Cyrillic letter Zhe (Ж ж ""Ж ж""). Zhe with diaeresis is used only in the alphabet of the Udmurt language, where it represents the voiced postalveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of in ""jam"". It is usually romanized as ⟨dž⟩. Zhe with diaeresis corresponds in other Cyrillic alphabets to the digraphs or , or to the letters Che with descender (Ҷ ҷ), Che with vertical stroke (Ҹ ҹ), Dzhe (Џ џ), Khakassian Che (Ӌ ӌ), Zhe"
"š, t, u (ú), ū (ū́), ʏ (ʏ́), v, w (u̯), x, x°, y, z, ž, ع TITUS transcribes the alphabet as such: a (á), b, č, d, e (é), ĕ (ĕ́), ẹ (ẹ́), ẹ̆ (ẹ̆́), ə (ə́), f, g, ɣ, h, x̣, i (í), ĭ (ĭ́), ī (ī́), ǰ, k, q, l, m (m̃), n (ñ), o (ó), ọ (ọ́), p, r, s, š, t, u (ú), ŭ (ŭ́), ı̥ (í̥), v, u̯, x, x°, y, z, ž, ع In recent times, Sayfiddīn Mīrzozoda, from the Tajik Academy of Sciences, uses a modified Tajik alphabet for writing Yaghnobi. The"