"in the House of Commons after George Gardiner, the Conservative MP for Reigate, changed parties in March 1997 following a battle against deselection by his local party. The party polled 800,000 votes and finished fourth, but did not win a seat in the House of Commons. The United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), advocating the UK's complete withdrawal from the European Union, had been founded in 1993 by Alan Sked, but initially had only very limited success. Due to a change in the election principle, the European Parliament election, 1999 allowed for the first UKIP parliamentary representation. Many commentators believe over-interest"
"the media, and anti-fascist groups. Its discourse on immigration and cultural identity generated accusations of racism and xenophobia, both of which it denies. UKIP began as the Anti-Federalist League, a Eurosceptic political party established in 1991 by the historian Alan Sked. The League opposed the recently signed Maastricht Treaty and sought to sway the governing Conservative Party toward removing the United Kingdom from the European Union (EU). A former Liberal Party candidate, member of the Bruges Group, and professor at the London School of Economics (LSE), Sked had converted to Euroscepticism while teaching the LSE's European Studies programme. Under the"
"branding him a 'brextremist.' UK Parliament elections Alan Sked Alan Sked (born 22 August 1947) is a British academic and politician. He is Professor Emeritus of International History at the London School of Economics, founded the party now known as the UK Independence Party and stood as a candidate in several parliamentary elections. Sked was educated at Allan Glen's School in Glasgow, before going on to study Modern and Medieval History at the University of Glasgow, followed by a DPhil in Politics at Merton College, Oxford. Sked's doctoral supervisor at Oxford was A. J. P. Taylor, who was a major"
"the Eurosceptic and right-wing populist United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) as a parliamentary candidate in four British general elections, having first been asked by UKIP founder Alan Sked in November 1996. Tolstoy was subsequently UKIP's candidate for the Barnsley East by-election in 1996; where he received 2.1% of the vote, and for Wantage in the 1997 (0.8%), 2001 (1.9%) and 2005 general elections (1.5%). Tolstoy stood for UKIP in Witney at the 2010 general election and received 3.5% of the vote. Tolstoy is the head of the senior branch of the Tolstoy family, being descended from Ivan Andreyevich Tolstoy (1644–1713)."
"UK Independence Party The UK Independence Party (UKIP ) is a hard Eurosceptic, right-wing to far-right political party in the United Kingdom. It currently has one representative in the House of Lords and seven Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). It has four Assembly Members (AMs) in the National Assembly for Wales and one member in the London Assembly. UKIP originated as the Anti-Federalist League, a single-issue Eurosceptic party established in London by the historian Alan Sked in 1991. It was renamed UKIP in 1993 but its growth remained slow. It was largely eclipsed by the Eurosceptic Referendum Party until"
"founding members of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) in 1993, and was its first General Secretary from 1994–97. He has been a member of UKIP's National Executive Committee several times. Batten was first elected as a Member of the European Parliament in the 2004 European Parliamentary Election for the London constituency on the basis of seeking the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. During his first term of office Batten served as a member of the European Parliament's Subcommittee on Security and Defence (from July 2004), and was appointed as UKIP's official spokesman on Security and"
"leader of UKIP in September 2016 as his successor. She resigned from the leadership of the party on 4 October 2016, 18 days after being elected. On 21 November 2016, James announced that she was leaving UKIP and would henceforth sit as an Independent. The length of her tenure was met with significant public and press ridicule. James was born in Bedford in 1959, where her father was an engineer and her mother a housewife. She was educated at Rochester Grammar School, Kent and Thames Valley University, Slough. James spent three decades working in the health industry, where she established"
"as a right-wing populist party, and as part of Europe's wider radical right. The term ""populism"" refers to political groups which ideologically contrast ""the people"" against an elite or group of ""dangerous others"" whom the populists claim threaten the sovereignty of ""the people"", and during its establishment in 1993, UKIP's founders explicitly described it as a populist party. At the time, its ""ideological heritage"" lay within the right-wing of the Conservative Party, and UKIP was influenced by the ""Tory populism"" of Conservative politicians Margaret Thatcher and Enoch Powell. The party's growth is part of a wider rise in the prominence"
"Heywood and Middleton, Hyndburn, Manchester Central, Rochdale, Stalybridge and Hyde and Wigan. In 2005, Whittaker became UKIP's official spokesman on Economic and Monetary Affairs. In September 2006, following the election of Nigel Farage as leader of UKIP, Whittaker was appointed party chairman. John Whittaker (UKIP politician) John Whittaker (born 7 June 1945) is a former Member of the European Parliament for the North West England region, for the UK Independence Party. Whittaker was Oldham, Lancashire. He was educated at Queen Mary University of London (BSc Physics, 1966) and the University of Cape Town (PhD Physics, 1980; BA Economics, 1982). He"
"UKIP. In response, on 1 August, UKIP's universities officer, Joseph Jenkins, announced the formation of UKIP Students, a branch of Young Independence dedicated to expanding UKIP's presence in universities, colleges and schools. UKIP Students has its own committee. In 2013, the YI chairman Olly Neville was fired by the party, reportedly for supporting same-sex marriage. YI's treasurer Allrik Birch, election officer Gareth Shanks, Yorkshire chairman Arnie Craven, and the Yorkshire deputy chairwoman Christina Annesley resigned in protest. Other party members have come out in support of same-sex marriage, however, such as the chairman and prospective Parliamentary candidate in Normanton, Pontefract"
"UK Unionist Party The UK Unionist Party (UKUP) was a small unionist political party in Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2008 which was opposed to the Good Friday Agreement. It was nominally formed by Robert McCartney, formerly of the Ulster Unionist Party, to contest the North Down by-election, 1995 and then further constituted to contest the 1996 elections for the Northern Ireland Forum. McCartney had previously contested the 1987 general election as an independent using the label Real Unionist. In contrast to other unionist parties, the UK Unionist Party was an integrationist party which believed that Northern Ireland should be"
"to explain their position in the UK parliamentary system while drawing upon the comparative literature on right-wing populist parties elsewhere in Europe. UK Independence Party The UK Independence Party (UKIP ) is a hard Eurosceptic, right-wing to far-right political party in the United Kingdom. It currently has one representative in the House of Lords and seven Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). It has four Assembly Members (AMs) in the National Assembly for Wales and one member in the London Assembly. UKIP originated as the Anti-Federalist League, a single-issue Eurosceptic party established in London by the historian Alan Sked in"
"Conservatives, whose leader William Hague had adopted increasingly Eurosceptic rhetoric during his campaign. In 2002, the former Conservative MP Roger Knapman was elected UKIP leader, bringing with him the experience of mainstream politics that the party had lacked. Knapman hired the political campaign consultant Dick Morris to advise UKIP. The party adopted the slogan ""say no"" and launched a national billboard campaign. In 2004, UKIP reorganised itself nationally as a private company limited by guarantee. UKIP's support increased during the 2004 European Parliament elections, when it placed third, securing 2.6 million votes (16.1%) and winning twelve seats. This had been"
"and completed a MRes in Chemistry at the University of Southampton in 1998. In October 2016, Kurten announced his intention to stand for UKIP leader following the resignation of Diane James after just 18 days. He was seen as a front-runner to lead the party in 2017. Kurten said in August 2017 during the leadership campaign that he opposes same-sex marriage. Kurten faced criticism when he claimed that gay people are more likely to be abused as children. Peter Whittle retorted: ""Neither I, nor any of the gay friends and colleagues I have known over 35 years, were sexually abused."""
"Alan Sked Alan Sked (born 22 August 1947) is a British academic and politician. He is Professor Emeritus of International History at the London School of Economics, founded the party now known as the UK Independence Party and stood as a candidate in several parliamentary elections. Sked was educated at Allan Glen's School in Glasgow, before going on to study Modern and Medieval History at the University of Glasgow, followed by a DPhil in Politics at Merton College, Oxford. Sked's doctoral supervisor at Oxford was A. J. P. Taylor, who was a major influence on him. In particular, Sked's writings"
"as the group's chairman, taking over from Suella Braverman, née Fernandes. In July 1993 Sir Michael Spicer, the then MP for West Worcestershire, created the European Research Group in response to growing concern about Britain's continued integration into the European Community through the Maastricht Treaty. The Eurosceptic group, which was chaired by Spicer, aimed to promote coordination of centre-right opposition across Europe and worked alongside other anti-EU groups such as UKIP and the Referendum Party. Support for the group was boosted in 1995 after they published an anti-federalist pamphlet discussing Euroscepticism which included a foreword by Prime Minister John Major."
"Paul Nuttall Paul Andrew Nuttall (born 30 November 1976) is a British politician who is MEP for North West England and was the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from November 2016 to June 2017. Nuttall was a Conservative Party candidate in a council election in Sefton before joining UKIP in 2004. He became deputy leader of UKIP in November 2010 and the party's spokesperson for education, life skills and training in July 2014. He was elected party leader in the 2016 leadership election. A prominent eurosceptic, Nuttall has called for the establishment of an English parliament. He favours"
"(after 12.6% in the 2015 election) and no seats in the House of Commons. On 24 June 1995, UKIP gained its first member of the House of Lords, The Lord Grantley, who had joined the party in 1993 from the Conservatives and had recently succeeded to his father's titles. However, with the coming House of Lords Act 1999, he decided not to stand for election as a continuing member, and so left the House in November 1999. Earlier in 1999, UKIP had gained a second peer in the House of Lords, The Earl of Bradford, but he, too, left the"
"the latter's 1997 dissolution. In 1997, Sked was ousted by a faction led by Nigel Farage, who became the party's preeminent figure. In 2006, Farage officially became leader and under his direction the party adopted a wider policy platform and capitalised on concerns about rising immigration, in particular among the White British working class. This resulted in significant breakthroughs at the 2013 local elections, 2014 European elections, and 2015 general election. The pressure UKIP exerted on the government is widely regarded as the main reason for the 2016 referendum which led to the decision for the United Kingdom to withdraw"
"Steve Crowther Stephen James Crowther (born January 1957) was the acting leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). On 9 June 2017, he succeeded Paul Nuttall who stepped down after the party failed to win any seats in the 2017 UK general election. Crowther had previously been UKIP party chairman, a position from which he resigned in July 2016 a few weeks after the EU referendum. In 2014, as part of UKIP's efforts to avoid growing embarrassment from online racist comments by members, he advised members not to join Facebook or Twitter. In late 2015, he was called the ""absentee"
"from the European Union. Following the referendum, Farage stepped down as UKIP leader, and the party's vote share and membership heavily declined. It subsequently faced several leadership crises, and under Gerard Batten was widely described as moving into far-right territory, at which point many longstanding members—including Farage—left. Ideologically positioned on the right-wing of British politics, UKIP is characterised by political scientists as part of a broader European radical right. UKIP's primary emphasis has been on Euroscepticism, calling for the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (EU). It promotes a British unionist and British nationalist agenda, encouraging a unitary British"
"to Brian Wilson of the Green Party. As of September 2008, the UKUP is no longer listed as a registered party in the Northern Ireland Register of Political Parties maintained by the UK Electoral Commission. UK Unionist Party The UK Unionist Party (UKUP) was a small unionist political party in Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2008 which was opposed to the Good Friday Agreement. It was nominally formed by Robert McCartney, formerly of the Ulster Unionist Party, to contest the North Down by-election, 1995 and then further constituted to contest the 1996 elections for the Northern Ireland Forum. McCartney had"
"made possible through increased funding from major donors and the celebrity endorsement of chat show host Robert Kilroy-Silk, who stood as a candidate in the East Midlands. Kilroy-Silk then criticised Knapman's leadership, arguing that UKIP should stand against Conservative candidates, regardless of whether they were Eurosceptic or not. This position was rejected by many party members, who were uneasy regarding Kilroy-Silk. After Farage and Lott backed Knapman, Kilroy-Silk left the party in January 2005. Two weeks later, he founded his own rival, Veritas, taking a number of UKIP members—including both of its London Assembly members—with him. After Kilroy-Silk's defection, UKIP's"
"2015 – coming third. Reid left UKIP in December 2018 in protest at the party's move to the right and, as the ""final straw"", the appointment of Tommy Robinson as an advisor. Julia Reid Julia Reid (born 16 July 1952) is a Member of the European Parliament for the South West England region. She was elected in 2014 for the UK Independence Party but resigned from the party on 8 December 2018. She was educated at The John Bentley School and the University of Bath, where she graduated with a degree in biochemistry, later obtaining a PhD in pharmacology. She"
"ultimately led to the creation of the UK Independence Party (UKIP). Certain rebels later went on to join that political party, such as Christopher Gill and Richard Body, with Roger Knapman serving as their leader from 2002 to 2006. The Maastricht rebels continued to harass the government on European issues, coming close to bringing the Government down three times. They repeatedly called Major's bluff on an early dissolution of Parliament. On 23 November 1994, Nick Budgen asked him whether he had spoken to the Queen about dissolving Parliament. On 25 November 1994, Christopher Gill stated he would sooner resign as"
"in the European Parliament, and has strongly criticised the euro currency. Farage was a founding member of UKIP, having left the Conservative Party in 1992 after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. After unsuccessfully campaigning in European and Westminster parliamentary elections for UKIP since 1994, he was elected MEP for South East England in the 1999 European Parliament election. He was subsequently re-elected in 2004, 2009 and, most recently, at the 2014 European parliament election. In September 2006, Farage became the UKIP Leader and led the party through the 2009 European Parliament Election, when it won the second highest share"
"Independence Party (UKIP). Nigel Farage, the former leader of UKIP, once presented Bannon with a portrait of Bannon dressed as Napoleon Bonaparte. Bannon has encouraged Farage to return as leader of UKIP. Bannon has called for the release of former EDL leader Tommy Robinson from prison, describing him as the ""backbone"" of Britain. Bannon has also called for a revolt in the United Kingdom should the country adopt a soft Brexit, stating, ""If I was in middle England and said this wasn't what I voted for I would rise up and make sure the guys in parliament knew it."" When"
"by commentators, some of whom drew comparisons with the French Poujadist movement. Following the election, UKIP lost much support to the Referendum Party; founded by the multi-millionaire James Goldsmith in 1994, it shared UKIP's Eurosceptic approach but was far better funded. In the 1997 general election, UKIP fielded 194 candidates and secured 0.3% of the national vote; only one of its candidates, Nigel Farage in Salisbury, secured over 5% of the vote and had his deposit returned. UKIP was beaten by the Referendum Party in 163 of the 165 seats in which they stood against each other. The Referendum Party"
"no confidence in his leadership by UKIP's National Executive Committee. Whittle was born in Peckham, South London, and studied at Roan Boys' School, Orpington College and the University of Kent (BA History and Politics). He worked in journalism, living for five years in Los Angeles, before founding the New Culture Forum think-tank in 2006. He became UKIP's cultural spokesperson in 2013 and stood for Eltham at the 2015 general election, coming third with 15% of the vote, a vote share surpassing both the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party. In September 2015, Whittle was selected as the UKIP candidate for"
"was appointing Titford as party chairman for an interim period. Before entering politics he was a businessman. He was president of the National Association of Funeral Directors. Jeffrey Titford Jeffrey William Titford (born 24 October 1933, West Mersea, Essex) is a British politician who served as leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2000 until 2002. He served again as interim leader in September to November 2010, following the resignation of Lord Pearson of Rannoch. He was also a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the East of England from 1999 to 2009. Before joining UKIP he had"
"Anti-Federalist League's banner, Sked was a candidate for Member of Parliament (MP) for Bath at the 1992 general election, gaining 0.2% of the vote. At a League meeting held in the LSE on 3 September 1993, the group was renamed the UK Independence Party, deliberately avoiding the term ""British"" so as to avoid confusion with the far-right British National Party (BNP). UKIP contested the 1994 European Parliament election with little financing and much infighting, securing itself as the fifth largest party in that election with 1% of the vote. During this period, UKIP was viewed as a typical single-issue party"
"LBC radio station, described UKIP members as being ""fruitcakes, loonies and closet racists, mostly."" Farage asked for an apology. but Cameron did not back down. On 12 September 2006, Farage was elected leader of UKIP with 45% of the vote, 20% ahead of his nearest rival. On 28 March 2009, the Conservative Party's biggest-ever donor, Stuart Wheeler, donated £100,000 to UKIP after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Lisbon treaty and the European Union. He said, ""If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it, but it won't alter my stance."" The following day,"
"and European Parliamentary elections as a UKIP candidate: UK Parliament elections European Parliament elections Paul Nuttall Paul Andrew Nuttall (born 30 November 1976) is a British politician who is MEP for North West England and was the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from November 2016 to June 2017. Nuttall was a Conservative Party candidate in a council election in Sefton before joining UKIP in 2004. He became deputy leader of UKIP in November 2010 and the party's spokesperson for education, life skills and training in July 2014. He was elected party leader in the 2016 leadership election. A"