"""Sirius"" (1944), introduced a myriad of ideas that writers have since adopted, and J.-H. Rosny aîné, born in Belgium, the father of ""modern"" French science fiction, a writer also comparable to H. G. Wells, who wrote the classic ""Les Xipehuz"" (1887) and ""La Mort de la Terre"" (1910). However, the Twenties and Thirties would see the genre represented in a new format. Robert Hugh Benson wrote one of the first modern dystopias, Lord of the World (1907). Rudyard Kipling's contributions to science fiction go beyond their direct impact at the start of the 20th century. The Aerial Board of Control"
"Outline of History"" a decade earlier, selling over two million copies, desired the same sort of treatment for biology. He thought of his readership as ""the intelligent lower middle classes . . . [not] idiots, half-wits . . . greenhorns, religious fanatics . . . smart women or men who know all that there is to be known."" Julian Huxley, the grandson of T. H. Huxley under whom Wells had studied biology, and his son ""Gip,"" a zoologist, divided the initial writing between them; H.G. Wells revised, dealt (with the help of his literary agent, A.P. Watt) with publishers, and"
"the world, including surveys ""The Story of Mankind"" (1921) by Hendrik Willem van Loon and ""The Outline of History"" (1918) by H.G. Wells. Influential writers who have reached wide audiences include H. G. Wells, Oswald Spengler, Arnold J. Toynbee, Pitirim Sorokin, Carroll Quigley, Christopher Dawson, and Lewis Mumford. Scholars working the field include Eric Voegelin, William Hardy McNeill and Michael Mann. With evolving technologies such as dating methods and surveying laser technology called LiDAR, contemporary historians have access to knew information which changes how past civilizations are studied. Spengler's ""Decline of the West"" (2 vol 1919–1922) compared nine organic cultures:"
"Science of Life"" (1930) and ""The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind"" (1931). The ""Outlines"" became sufficiently common for James Thurber to parody the trend in his humorous essay, ""An Outline of Scientists""—indeed, Wells's ""Outline of History"" remains in print with a new 2005 edition, while ""A Short History of the World"" has been re-edited (2006). From quite early in Wells's career, he sought a better way to organise society and wrote a number of Utopian novels. The first of these was ""A Modern Utopia"" (1905), which shows a worldwide utopia with ""no imports but meteorites, and no exports at"
"published by George H Doran and Co, was a favourite book of P. G. Wodehouse. His hometown was Columbus, Ohio. He graduated from Yale University, where he became a brother to the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter), in 1916 and was in the Naval Reserves in World War I. After the war he started to write, and found success with ""A Parody Outline of History"", a satire of ""The Outline of History"" (1920) by H. G. Wells. This led him to becoming a member of the Algonquin Round Table. Around that time a friend of his got him interested"
"refuses to see any sort of submarine doing anything but suffocate its crew and founder at sea""). His bestselling two-volume work, ""The Outline of History"" (1920), began a new era of popularised world history. It received a mixed critical response from professional historians. However, it was very popular amongst the general population and made Wells a rich man. Many other authors followed with ""Outlines"" of their own in other subjects. He reprised his ""Outline"" in 1922 with a much shorter popular work, ""A Short History of the World"", a history book praised by Albert Einstein, and two long efforts, ""The"
"is one of the most significant novelists of the first half of the 20th century, and a major pioneer in the use of the ""stream of consciousness"" technique in his famous novel ""Ulysses"" (1922). ""Ulysses"" has been described as ""a demonstration and summation of the entire Modernist movement"". Joyce also wrote ""Finnegans Wake"" (1939), ""Dubliners"" (1914), and the semi-autobiographical ""A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"" (1914–15). ""Ulysses"", often considered to be the greatest novel of the 20th century, is the story of a day in the life of a city, Dublin. Told in a dazzling array of"
"Below"" (1989), describes sea voyages in the early 19th century. American Nobel laureate William Faulkner's novel ""Absalom, Absalom"" (1936) is set before, during, and after the American Civil War. Kenneth Roberts wrote several books set around the events of the American Revolution, of which Northwest Passage (1937), Oliver Wiswell (1940), and Lydia Bailey (1947) all became best-sellers in the 1930s and 1940s. The following American authors have also written historical novels in the 20th century: Gore Vidal, John Barth, Norman Mailer, E.L. Doctorow, William Kennedy. In Italy, the tradition of the historical fiction has flourished also in the contemporary age,"
"James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the 20th century. Joyce is best known for ""Ulysses"" (1922), a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's ""Odyssey"" are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, most famously stream of consciousness. Other well-known works are the short-story collection ""Dubliners"" (1914), and the novels ""A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"" (1916) and ""Finnegans Wake"" (1939)."
"Wells for his book ""The Outline of History"". It won the Toronto Book Awards, the University of British Columbia's President's Medal for Biography, and the Crime Writers of Canada Arthur Ellis Award for ""Best True Crime"". ""The Spinster and the Prophet"" marked a change in McKillop's writings for publication. His previous books had been written as academic monographs, but this was his first attempt at writing in a popular narrative style, and he refers to its composition in an essay on Canadian historiography that he later wrote for a volume published by the University of Toronto in celebration of the"
"of the 19th century. His historical novels, ""Hugh Wynne"", ""Free Quaker"" (1897), ""The Adventures of François"" (1898), ""The Youth of Washington"" (1904) and ""The Red City"" (1909), take high rank in this branch of fiction. He was Charlotte Perkins Gilman's doctor and his use of a rest cure on her provided the idea for ""The Yellow Wallpaper"", a short story in which the narrator is driven insane by her rest cure. His treatment was also used on Virginia Woolf, who wrote a savage satire of it in her novel ""Mrs. Dalloway"" (1925): ""you invoke proportion; order rest in bed; rest"
"from his seat in the audience, and delivered a vigorous, impromptu defence of the proposition. Belloc won that debate from the audience, as the division of the house then showed, and his reputation as a debater was established. He was later elected president of the Union. He held his own in debates there with F. E. Smith and John Buchan, the latter a friend. He was at his most effective in the 1920s, on the attack against H. G. Wells's ""The Outline of History"", in which he criticised Wells' secular bias and his belief in evolution by means of natural"
"Washington Irving Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) was an American short story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He is best known for his short stories ""Rip Van Winkle"" (1819) and ""The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"" (1820), both of which appear in his collection, ""The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent."" His historical works include biographies of Oliver Goldsmith, Islamic prophet Muhammad, and George Washington, as well as several histories of 15th-century Spain dealing with subjects such as Alhambra, Christopher Columbus, and the Moors. Irving served as the U.S. ambassador to"
"the 1920s, such as Alexander Belayev, Grigory Adamov, Vladimir Obruchev and Alexey N. Tolstoy, stack to hard science fiction. They openly embraced influence from the genre's western classics, such as Jules Verne, Arthur Conan Doyle and especially H. G. Wells, who was a socialist and often visited Soviet Russia. Science fiction books from the 1920s included science predictions, adventure and space travel, often with a hue of ""working class"" agenda and satire against capitalism. Alexey N. Tolstoy's ""Aelita"" (1923), one of the most influential books of the era, featured two Russians raising a revolution on Mars. Tolstoy's ""Engineer Garin's Death"
"that treat themes of youth and promise along with age and despair. Cambridge University Press is publishing the complete works of F. Scott Fitzgerald in annotated editions. Film Television F. Scott Fitzgerald bibliography Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works are the paradigmatic writings of the Jazz Age. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the ""Lost Generation"" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: ""This Side of Paradise"", ""The Beautiful"
"century, is ""A Voyage to Arcturus"" by Scottish writer David Lindsay, first published in 1920. It combines fantasy, philosophy, and science fiction in an exploration of the nature of good and evil and their relationship with existence. It has been described by writer Colin Wilson as the ""greatest novel of the twentieth century"", and was a central influence on C. S. Lewis's ""Space Trilogy"". The most popular British writer of the early years of the 20th century was arguably Rudyard Kipling, a highly versatile writer of novels, short stories and poems, and to date the youngest ever recipient of the"
"Florence Deeks Florence Amelia Deeks (1864–1959) was a Canadian teacher and writer. She is known for accusing British author H. G. Wells of having plagiarized her work when he wrote ""The Outline of History"". The case was eventually taken to the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council, the highest court in the British Empire, which rejected her claim. Florence Amelia Deeks was born in 1864 and grew up in Morrisburg, Ontario, in a religious family. Her mother, Melinda, was a strong believer in education. Her brother George found a new way to lay railway tracks, the basis for a"
"Oswald Spengler Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (; 29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German historian and philosopher of history whose interests included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book ""The Decline of the West"" (""Der Untergang des Abendlandes""), published in 1918 and 1922, covering all of world history. Spengler's model of history postulates that any culture is a superorganism with a limited and predictable lifespan. Spengler predicted that about the year 2000, Western civilization would enter the period of pre‑death emergency whose countering would necessitate Caesarism (extraconstitutional omnipotence of the executive branch of"
"1930s and 1940s was George Orwell (1903–50), who is especially remembered for his satires of totalitarianism, ""Nineteen Eighty-Four"" (1949) and ""Animal Farm"" (1945). Evelyn Waugh (1903–66) satirised the ""bright young things"" of the 1920s and 1930s, notably in ""A Handful of Dust"" (1934), and ""Decline and Fall"" (1928), while ""Brideshead Revisited"" (1945) has a theological basis, setting out to examine the effect of divine grace on its main characters. Aldous Huxley (1894–1963) published his famous dystopia ""Brave New World"" in 1932, the same year as John Cowper Powys's (1872–1963) ""A Glastonbury Romance"". Samuel Beckett (1906–89) published his first major work,"
"Waste Land"". Hemingway's world, the early-20th century, is ""out of season"", a place of war, death, tangled relationships, without emotional fulfillment. ""In Our Time"" received good reviews; Edmund Wilson described the writing as ""of the first distinction""; and biographer James Mellow writes the volume is a Hemingway's masterpiece. Charles Nolan writes that ""Out of Season""'s first sentence ""is the kind we have come to expect from Hemingway who had a genius for effective openings."" Out of Season (short story) ""Out of Season"" is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway, first published in 1923 in Paris in the privately printed"
"Army of a Dream"", in which he attempted to show a more efficient and responsible army than the hereditary bureaucracy of England at that time, and two science fiction stories, ""With the Night Mail"" (1905) and ""As Easy As A. B. C"" (1912). Both of those were set in the 21st century in Kipling's Aerial Board of Control universe. They read like modern hard science fiction, and introduced the literary technique known as indirect exposition, which would later become one of Science Fiction writer Robert Heinlein's hallmarks. This technique is one that Kipling picked up in India, and used to"
"done by his younger contemporary Thomas Henry Huxley, who wrote widely on the subject. A number of other non-fiction works of the era made their mark on the literature of the period. The philosophical writings of John Stuart Mill covered logic, economics, liberty and utilitarianism. The large and influential histories of Thomas Carlyle: ""The French Revolution, A History"" and ""On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History"" permeated political thought at the time. The writings of Thomas Babington Macaulay on English history helped codify the Whig narrative that dominated the historiography for many years. John Ruskin wrote a number of"
"Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (; Russian: , tr. ; ; ), usually referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, he is best known for the novels ""War and Peace"" (1869) and ""Anna Karenina"" (1877), often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with his semi-autobiographical trilogy, ""Childhood"", ""Boyhood"", and ""Youth"" (1852–1856), and ""Sevastopol Sketches"" (1855), based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens"
"The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., commonly referred to as The Sketch Book, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by the American author Washington Irving. It was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820. The collection includes two of Irving's best-known stories, attributed to the fictional Dutch historian Diedrich Knickerbocker: ""The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"" and ""Rip Van Winkle"". It also marks Irving's first use of the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon, which he would continue to employ throughout his literary career. ""The Sketch Book"", along with James Fenimore Cooper's ""Leatherstocking"
"Dateline: Toronto Dateline: Toronto is a collection of most of the stories that Ernest Hemingway wrote as a stringer and later staff writer and foreign correspondent for the ""Toronto Star"" between 1920 and 1924. The stories were written while Hemingway was in his early 20s before he became well-known, and show his development as a writer. The collection was edited by William White, a professor of English literature and journalism at Wayne State University, and a regular contributor to ""The Hemingway Review"". In 1920, after returning from World War I, Hemingway moved to Toronto where he began freelancing for the"
"hands the possibility of unifying humanity, but failed to understand their opportunities, such as Alexander the Great, Muhammad, Napoleon and Woodrow Wilson. A number of themes are downplayed in ""The Outline of History"": Ancient Greek philosophy and Roman law figure among these. Others are altogether absent, in spite of Wells's own intellectual attachment to some of them: romanticism, the concept of the Age of Enlightenment and feminism, for example. In the years leading up to the writing of ""The Outline of History"" Wells was increasingly preoccupied by history, as many works testify. (See, for example, ""The New Machiavelli"", ""Marriage"", ""An"
"Eric Hobsbawm Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm (; 9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism and nationalism. Ideologically a Marxist, his socio-political convictions influenced the character of his work. His best-known works include his trilogy about what he called the ""long 19th century"" ("""", """" and """"), ""The Age of Extremes"" on the short 20th century, and an edited volume that introduced the influential idea of ""invented traditions"". Hobsbawm was born in Egypt but spent his childhood mostly in Vienna and Berlin. Following the death of his parents and the"
"F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American fiction writer, whose works helped to illustrate the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age. While he achieved popular success, fame, and fortune in his lifetime, he did not receive much critical acclaim until after his death. Perhaps the most notable member of the ""Lost Generation"" of the 1920s, Fitzgerald is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. He finished four novels: ""This Side of Paradise"", ""The Beautiful and Damned"", ""The Great Gatsby"", and ""Tender Is"
"States. His stories of middle and upper class life set in the 1880s and 1890s are highly regarded among scholars of American fiction. His most popular novel, ""The Rise of Silas Lapham"" (1885), depicts a man who, ironically, falls from materialistic fortune by his own mistakes. Other early American realists include Samuel Clemens (1835–1910), better known by his pen name of Mark Twain, author of ""The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"" (1884), Stephen Crane (1871–1900), and Horatio Alger, Jr. (1832–1899). Twain's style, based on vigorous, realistic, colloquial American speech, gave American writers a new appreciation of their national voice. Twain was"
"G. Clifton Wisler G. Clifton Wisler (1950-2006) was an American historical novelist, the author of almost 70 books, many of them historical fiction for young adults. Wisler lived in Plano, Texas in the United States. He died on April 7, 2006. Wisler's work, most of which had appeared only in mass-market paperback form, can be divided into several distinct categories: historical fiction for young adults (distinguished in the following list as YA), mostly concerned with early Texas history or the Civil War; mainstream Westerns, particularly the Delamer series; Westerns told from an Indian viewpoint (NA); and science fiction. The Medicine"
"Logic of Empire ""Logic of Empire"" is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. Part of his Future History series, it originally appeared in ""Astounding Science Fiction"" (March 1941), and was collected in ""The Green Hills of Earth"" (and subsequently ""The Past Through Tomorrow""). Ostensibly a tale about a man in the wrong place at the wrong time, and his struggle to free himself from the oppressive circumstances in which he is plunged, this story also serves to explain how slavery develops in a new colony. Even in the future, the technology available to a new colony"
"responding to McKillop's thesis. Magnusson concluded that while Deeks may have received some discriminatory treatment from lawyers in the case, she was treated fairly by the courts. He concludes she had a weak case, and the courts would give a similar result if the case came forward at the present time. Deeks died in 1959, aged about 95. Citations Sources Florence Deeks Florence Amelia Deeks (1864–1959) was a Canadian teacher and writer. She is known for accusing British author H. G. Wells of having plagiarized her work when he wrote ""The Outline of History"". The case was eventually taken to"
"of their own life and that of the Universe.” The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science, philosophy, religion, sex, mathematics, astronomy, biology, anthropology, cosmogony, psychology, psycho-analysis, archaeology, economics, politics, finance, industry, internationalism, history, ethnology, geography, literary criticism, music, architecture, painting and sculpture. An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge, published by Victor Gollancz in 1931, was an “omnibus” volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge. It was the first such volume to include entirely new material. Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time, including Roger Fry, C. G."