"Buccal administration Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal () area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral administration because the medication does not pass through the digestive system and thereby avoids first pass metabolism. As of May 2014, the psychiatric drug asenapine; the opioid drugs buprenorphine, naloxone, and fentanyl; the cardiovascular drug nitroglycerin; the nausea medication Prochlorperazine; the"
"Cheek The cheeks () constitute the area of the face below the eyes and between the nose and the left or right ear. ""Buccal"" means relating to the cheek. In humans, the region is innervated by the buccal nerve. The area between the inside of the cheek and the teeth and gums is called the vestibule or buccal pouch or buccal cavity and forms part of the mouth. In other animals the cheeks may also be referred to as jowls. Cheeks are fleshy in humans, the skin being suspended by the chin and the jaws, and forming the lateral wall"
"Buccinator muscle The buccinator ( ) is a thin quadrilateral muscle occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face. It forms the anterior part of the cheek or the lateral wall of the oral cavity. It arises from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, corresponding to the three pairs of molar teeth; and behind, from the anterior border of the pterygomandibular raphé which separates it from the constrictor pharyngis superior. It is attached upon the buccinator crest as far forward as the first molar tooth. The fibers"
"premolar is the 'Uto-Aztecan' upper premolar. It is a bulge on the buccal cusp that is only found in Native American Indians, with highest frequencies of occurrence in Arizona. The name is not a dental term; it comes from a regional linguistic division of Native American Indian language groups. Buccal-The side of a tooth that is adjacent to (or the direction towards) the inside of the cheek, as opposed to lingual or palatal, which refer to the side of a tooth adjacent to (or the direction towards) the tongue or palate, respectively. Although technically referring only to posterior teeth (where"
"Mouth In animal anatomy, the mouth, also known as the oral cavity, buccal cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds. It is also the cavity lying at the upper end of the alimentary canal, bounded on the outside by the lips and inside by the pharynx and containing in higher vertebrates the tongue and teeth. This cavity is also known as the buccal cavity, from the Latin ""bucca"" (""cheek""). Some animal phyla, including vertebrates, have a complete digestive system, with a mouth at one end and an"
"body of the buccal fat pad: the sublevator, the melolabial, the buccal, and the pterygoid. The nomenclature of these extensions derives from their location and proximal muscles. The anterior lobe of the buccal fat surrounds the parotid duct, which conveys saliva from the parotid gland to the mouth. It is a triangular mass with one vertex at the buccinators, one at the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, and one at the orbicularis oris. The intermediate lobe lies between the anterior and posterior lobes over the maxilla. The intermediate lobe seems to lose a significant amount of volume between childhood and"
"adulthood. The posterior lobe of the buccal fat pad runs from the infraorbital fissure and temporal muscle to the upper rim of the mandible and back to the mandibular ramus. Some people describe the buccal fat pad’s primary function in relation to chewing and suckling, especially in infants. This theory derives some support from the loss of volume to the intermediate lobe, which would be most directly involved in chewing and sucking, from infancy to adulthood. Another proposed function is as gliding pads that facilitate the action of the muscles of mastication. The buccal fat pad may also function as"
"are nearest the cheeks or lips are referred to as facial, and those nearest the tongue are known as lingual. Facial surfaces can be subdivided into buccal (when found on posterior teeth nearest the cheeks) and labial (when found on anterior teeth nearest the lips). Lingual surfaces can also be described as palatal when found on maxillary teeth beside the hard palate. Surfaces that aid in chewing are known as occlusal on posterior teeth and incisal on anterior teeth. Surfaces nearest the junction of the crown and root are referred to as cervical, and those closest to the apex of"
"like the brain and nerve cord. The transmission of signals to higher order processing centers allows the organism to become aware of what type of particles are in and around the mouth. Buccal cirri function as a food processing organ that is used to prevent larger particles from entering the oral hood. The buccal cirri does this by working with the velar tentacles to create a comb like feeding appendage that sifts the particles that are entering via the water stream. This allows the smaller particles to continue through to the oral hood while the larger ones are brushed away."
"the cheek area, which aids in holding the cheek to the teeth during chewing. This action causes the muscle to keep food pushed back on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth, as when a person chews. By keeping the food in the correct position when chewing, the buccinator assists the muscles of mastication. It aids whistling and smiling, and in neonates it is used to suckle. In the past the buccinator muscle was also written as bucinator muscle. A ""bucinator"" in classical Latin is a trumpeter, or more precisely, the person who blows the ""bucina"". The name ""bucina"" could"
"nasus (nose), oris (mouth), and mentum (chin). The neck area is called the cervix or cervical region. Examples of structures named according to this include the frontalis muscle, submental lymph nodes, buccal membrane and orbicularis oculi muscle. Sometimes, unique terminology is used to reduce confusion in different parts of the body. For example, different terms are used when it comes to the skull in compliance with its embryonic origin and its tilted position compared to in other animals. Here, ""Rostral"" refers to proximity to the front of the nose, and is particularly used when describing the skull. Similarly, different terminology"
"of the human mouth, visibly touching the cheekbone below the eye. The inside of the cheek is lined with a mucous membrane (buccal mucosa, part of the oral mucosa). During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. The cheeks are covered externally by hairy skin, and internally by stratified squamous epithelium. This is mostly smooth, but may have caudally directed papillae (e.g., in ruminants). The mucosa is supplied with secretions from the Buccal glands, which are arranged in superior and inferior groups. In carnivores, the superior buccal gland is large and"
"emerges anteriorly from each buccal ganglion and was not traceable along the entire length. A smaller gastro-oesophageal ganglion lies dorsally to each buccal ganglion and is connected to the latter by a short connective. Digestive system: The mouth opening lies ventrally between the labial tentacles. The paired anterior pedal glands discharge ventral to the mouth opening to the exterior. The oral tube is long and not ciliated. Paired oral tube glands are flanking the oral tube and discharge in its anterior part. The muscular pharynx is bulbous and narrows to the posterior; it contains the hook-shaped radula. The upper ramus"
"also not be confused with jowl fat pads. It is implicated in the formation of hollow cheeks and the nasolabial fold, but not in the formation of jowls. The buccal fat pad is composed of several parts, although exactly how many parts seems to be a point of disagreement and no single consistent nomenclature of these parts has been observed. It was described as being divided into three lobes, the anterior, intermediate, and posterior, “according to the structure of the lobar envelopes, the formation of ligaments, and the source of the nutritional vessels”. Also, there are four extensions from the"
"discrete: the Zygomatic gland. During mastication (chewing), the cheeks and tongue between them serve to keep the food between the teeth. Some animals such as squirrels and hamsters use the buccal pouch to carry food or other items. In some vertebrates, markings on the cheek area, particularly immediately beneath the eye, often serve as important distinguishing features between species or individuals. Sometimes people refer to the buttocks as the ""cheeks"", because of their semi-round appearance. The cheek is the most common location from which a DNA sample can be taken (during a cheek swab). Cheek The cheeks () constitute the"
"as that of a duck, at which point the idea for Donald Duck came about. Buccal speech was also used by voice actor Red Coffey for the character Quacker in MGM cartoons, and by Jimmy Weldon for the character Yakky Doodle in Hanna-Barbera cartoons. Buccal speech is created with one of the buccal or cheek sides of the vocal tract. Both the air chamber and the replacement glottis are formed between the cheek and upper jaw. Buccal speech is produced when a person creates an airbubble between the cheek and the jaw on one side and then uses muscular action"
"Maxilla The maxilla (plural: ""maxillae"" ) in animals is the upper fixed bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. The upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. In humans, the maxilla consists of: Each maxilla articulates with nine bones: Sometimes it articulates with the orbital"
"to describe structures include ""buccal"" () and ""palatal"" () referring to structures close to the cheek and hard palate respectively. Several anatomical terms are particular to the hands and feet. For improved clarity, the directional term palmar () is usually used to describe the front of the hand, and dorsal is the back of the hand. For example, the top of a dog's paw is its dorsal surface; the underside, either the palmar (on the forelimb) or the plantar (on the hindlimb) surface. The palmar fascia is palmar to the tendons of muscles which flex the fingers, and the dorsal"
"Buccal bifurcation cyst Buccal bifurcation cyst is an inflammatory odontogenic cyst, of the paradental cysts family, that typically appears in the buccal bifurcation region of the mandibular first molars in the second half of the first decade of life. Infected cysts may be associated with pain. Although the treatment of the cyst was previously enuclation of the cyst with removal of the involved tooth or enuclation with root-canal treatment, the current management is enuclation with the preservation of the involved tooth. However, recent evidence suggests self-resolution of this type of cyst, thus close observation with meticulous oral hygiene measures can"
"people over the age of thirty-five. Morsicatio buccarum Morsicatio buccarum (also termed chronic cheek biting and chronic cheek chewing) is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting or nibbling. Morsicatio buccarum is a type of frictional keratosis. The term is derived from the Latin words, ""morusus"" meaning ""bite"" and ""bucca"" meaning ""cheek"". This term has been described as ""a classic example of medical terminology gone astray"". The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) states that"
"and possesses buccal cirri, which assist in sifting out larger food particles before they enter the buccal cavity. Epithelial cilia lining the mouth and pharynx form a specialized ""wheel organ"" situated at the dorsal and posterior end of the cavity. The motion of the cilia resembles the motion of a turning wheel, hence the organ's name, and transports the captured food particles. Behind the wheel organ is the velum, which acts as an internal filter before food enters the pharynx. The food particles adhere to secreted mucus on the pharyngeal bars before being brought to the epibranchial groove on the"
"Morsicatio buccarum Morsicatio buccarum (also termed chronic cheek biting and chronic cheek chewing) is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting or nibbling. Morsicatio buccarum is a type of frictional keratosis. The term is derived from the Latin words, ""morusus"" meaning ""bite"" and ""bucca"" meaning ""cheek"". This term has been described as ""a classic example of medical terminology gone astray"". The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) states that cheek biting may be a manifestation"
"down the body. That on the right side is considerably less than the other, and is somewhat tubular, — distinctly so towards its termination; the one on the left side is much complicated in form, being irregularly and extensively sacculated. The position of these glands is unusual, but there are also other species like ""Doto fragilis"", that open into the channel of the mouth in advance of the buccal mass. The buccal mass is small, rather long, slender, and irregularly elliptical. There are two corneous plates or jaws. at the sides of the buccal mass. It is slightly prolonged behind"
"buccal (side nearest the cheek) and two palatal (side nearest the palate). There are great differences between the deciduous (baby) mandibular molars and those of the permanent mandibular molars, even though their function are similar. The permanent mandibular molars are not considered to have any teeth that precede it. Despite being named molars, the deciduous molars are followed by permanent premolars. In the universal system of notation, the deciduous mandibular second molars are designated by a letter written in uppercase. The right deciduous mandibular second molar is known as ""T"", and the left one is known as ""K"". The international"
"roof of the archenteron because of the formation of coelomic pouches on either side of it. The buccal cavity is usually lined with ectoderm. So it is doubtful if buccal diverticulum is an endodermal structure. The true notochord is always a solid structure. (2) The notochord of chordates extends backwards from the head and not forwards only. It is argued that the notochord extending throughout the length of the body will be disadvantageous to the animal whose movements depend upon the lengthening and shortening of the body. (3) The buccal cavity is lined by vacuolated cells which are continued in"
"Subcapitulum The subcapitulum (from Latin ""sub"", under and ""capitulum"", small head), also known as infracapitulum, hypognathum or hipognatum, refers to the ventral part of the gnathosoma (the part of the body comprising the mouth and feeding parts) or the fusion of the palpal coxae and the labrum (the upper or anterior mouthpart) complex present in the mites on which the mouth, pedipalps (the second pair of appendages), lips and pharynx are located. In its central part, the gutter hypostome (the anterior part of the subcapitulum) is formed, which in the forceps is transformed into a serrated pricking system. The anterolateral"
"be employed unless the cyst is infected and symptomatic. Buccal bifurcation cyst Buccal bifurcation cyst is an inflammatory odontogenic cyst, of the paradental cysts family, that typically appears in the buccal bifurcation region of the mandibular first molars in the second half of the first decade of life. Infected cysts may be associated with pain. Although the treatment of the cyst was previously enuclation of the cyst with removal of the involved tooth or enuclation with root-canal treatment, the current management is enuclation with the preservation of the involved tooth. However, recent evidence suggests self-resolution of this type of cyst,"
"more anterior cylindrical portion. The retractor muscle envelopes the posterior end, and from the anterior portion of the mass proceed a number of ventro-lateral muscles, which unite with the immediately adjoining body-walls. The oesophagus enters the buccal cavity dorsally in the anterior fourth. The salivary glands are situate upon the posterior half of the buccal mass; they are fused together in the median line and partly envelope the oesophagus. From the anterior end of each gland proceeds a small salivary duct, which enters the buccal cavity a little below the œsophageal opening. The stomach forms a simple elongated sac, and"
"passes through the buccinator muscle, opening into the vestibule of the mouth, the region of the mouth between the cheek and the gums, at the parotid papilla, which lies across the second superior molar tooth. The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents air forcing into the duct, which would cause pneumoparotitis. Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve. The exit of the parotid ducts can be felt as small bumps (Papillae) on both sides of the mouth, and are usually"
"Disney Donald Duck character. The VoQS indication for buccal speech is {ↀ}. For example, a buccal raspberry (interdental trill) can be written . This is created by producing the air supply needed for phonation in the pharynx and creating a replacement for the glottis using the tongue and the upper alveolus, the palate, or the pharyngeal wall. In one case, pharyngeal speech was studied in a 12-year-old girl that used it as her exclusive form of speech following tracheotomy at 2 years of age. Such speech was impaired in spite of ten years of her exclusive use of it for"
"umbilical cord. Body-stalk The body-stalk, also known as the allantoic stalk, is a band of mesoderm that connects the caudal end of the embryo to the chorion in development. With the formation of the caudal fold, the body-stalk assumes a ventral position; a diverticulum of the yolk-sac extends into the tail fold and is termed the hindgut. With continued development, the body-stalk is later replaced by the umbilical cord. Body stalk anomalies occur in approximately 1 in 15,000 births. They are due to defects in the formation of cephalic, caudal, and lateral embryonic body folds, that result in a reduced"
"forward from the cerebral ganglia to a pair of buccal ganglia located above the back of the mouth. These supply nerves to the radula and other parts of the mouth. The main nerve cords of the central nervous system run through the length of the body from the pleural ganglia. In the ancestral gastropod, these would presumably have run down either side of the animal, but because of the torsion of the visceral mass found in many modern forms, they now cross over each other. However, a number of species have undergone de-torsion, restoring their original bilateral symmetry. A pair"
"Gluteal sulcus The gluteal sulcus (also known as the gluteal fold, fold of the buttock or horizontal gluteal crease) is an area of the body of humans and great apes, described by a horizontal crease formed by the inferior aspect of the buttocks and the posterior upper thigh. The gluteal sulcus is formed by the posterior horizontal skin crease of the hip joint and overlying fat, and is not formed by the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle, which crosses the fold obliquely. It is one of the major defining features of the buttocks. Children with developmental dysplasia of"