"Edaphology Edaphology (from Greek , ""edaphos"", ""ground"", and , ""-logia"") is one of two main divisions of soil science, the other being pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants. Edaphology includes the study of how soil influences humankind's use of land for plant growth as well as man's overall use of the land. General subfields within edaphology are agricultural soil science (known by the term agrology in some regions) and environmental soil science. (Pedology deals with pedogenesis, soil morphology, and soil classification.) In Russia, edaphology is considered equivalent to pedology, but is recognized"
"Paedology Pedology (paidology, paedology) is the study of children's behavior and development (as distinct from pedagogy, the art or science of teaching, and pediatrics, the field of medicine relating to children). The origins of this trend in psychology and pedagogy go back to the end of the 18th century with the separation of a branch of psychology that would form the basis of pedagogy, a pedagogic psychology or ""experimental pedagogic psychology"", ""experimental pedagogy"", ""experimental education"". G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) fostered pedology as a separate study, and also became instrumental in the development of modern educational psychology. An American researcher, Oscar"
"decree of VKP(b) Central Committee ""On Pedological Perversions in the Narkompros System"" on July 4, 1936 . Paedology Pedology (paidology, paedology) is the study of children's behavior and development (as distinct from pedagogy, the art or science of teaching, and pediatrics, the field of medicine relating to children). The origins of this trend in psychology and pedagogy go back to the end of the 18th century with the separation of a branch of psychology that would form the basis of pedagogy, a pedagogic psychology or ""experimental pedagogic psychology"", ""experimental pedagogy"", ""experimental education"". G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) fostered pedology as a"
"pedology, the study of soil in its natural environment. Other branches of pedology are the study of soil morphology, and soil classification. The study of pedogenesis is important to understanding soil distribution patterns in current (soil geography) and past (paleopedology) geologic periods. Soil develops through a series of changes. The starting point is weathering of freshly accumulated parent material. Primitive microbes feed on simple compounds (nutrients) released by weathering, and produce acids which contribute to weathering. They also leave behind organic residues. New soils increase in depth by a combination of weathering, and further deposition. Gradually soil is able to"
"Pedometrics Pedometrics is the application of mathematical and statistical methods for the study of the distribution and genesis of soils. Pedometrics is a portmanteau of the Greek roots ""pedos"" (soil) and ""metron"" (measurement). Measurement in this case is restricted to mathematical and statistical methods as it relates to pedology, the branch of soil science that studies soil in its natural setting. Pedometrics addresses soil related problems when there is uncertainty due to deterministic or stochastic variation, vagueness and lack of knowledge of soil properties and processes. It relies upon mathematical, statistical, and numerical methods and includes numerical approaches to classification"
"Since pedology as a branch of science never reached its maturity, there is no common established understanding as to the scope or instruments of pedology. Bowie State University in Bowie, Maryland became the first university in the United States to offer a Bachelor's Degree in pedology. A 2014 document from the university refers to ""the pedology major (now known as child and adolescent studies)"". In Imperial Russia a prominent developer of the field was Aleksandr Nechayev (Александр Петрович Нечаев) in St. Petersburg, who in 1901 created the laboratory of experimental pedagogical psychology. Soviet pedology is traditionally thought to be founded"
"Chrisman, proposed the term ""pedology"" in 1893. At the end of the 19th century, pedology as a comprehensive study of the child came to prominence in Europe as an attempt to create a study of children in the manner of natural sciences. In 1909 Professor Kazimierz Twardowski organized a Pedological Society in Lviv, Austro-Hungary (now Ukraine). In 1910 a similar society was organized in Kraków. In 1911 the first World Congress in Pedology took place in Brussels, Belgium, with attendants from 22 countries. World War I (1914-1918) effectively put an end to the development of this study in Western Europe."
"Podiatry Podiatry () or podiatric medicine () is a branch of medicine devoted to the study, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower extremity. The term ""podiatry"" came into use in the early 20th century in the United States and is now used worldwide, including countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia. Podiatry is practiced as a specialty in many countries, while in many English-speaking countries, the older title of chiropodist may be used by some clinicians (not to be confused with chiropractic, which is unrelated). In Australia, graduates of recognised academic"
"Paleopedology Paleopedology (palaeopedology in the United Kingdom) is the discipline that studies soils of past geological eras, from quite recent (Quaternary) to the earliest periods of the Earth's history. Paleopedology can be seen either as a branch of soil science (pedology) or of paleontology, since the methods it uses are in many ways a well-defined combination of the two disciplines. Paleopedology's earliest developments arose from observations in Scotland circa 1795 whereby it was found that some soils in cliffs appeared to be remains of a former exposed land surface. During the nineteenth century there were many other finds of former"
"Forensic podiatry Forensic Podiatry is a subdiscipline of forensic science in which specialized podiatric knowledge including foot and lower limb anatomy, musculoskeletal function, deformities and diseases of the foot, ankle, lower extremities, and at times, the entire human body is used in the examination of foot-related evidence in the context of a criminal investigation. Forensic Podiatry has been defined as: Those who specialize in this field need to have gained knowledge and experience in podiatry and also in forensic science and practice (Vernon et al., 2009). Forensic Podiatry is usually used to assist in the process of human identification, but"
"over Soviet linguistics. Stalin's principal work in the field was a small essay, """"Marxism and Linguistic Questions."""" Pedology was a popular area of research on the basis of numerous orphanages created after the Russian Civil War. Soviet pedology was a combination of pedagogy and psychology of human development, that heavily relied on various tests. It was officially banned in 1936 after a special decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ""On Pedolodical Perversions in the Narkompros System"" on July 4, 1936. In the late 1940s, some areas of physics, especially quantum mechanics but also"
"Pedobarography Pedobarography is the study of pressure fields acting between the plantar surface of the foot and a supporting surface. Used most often for biomechanical analysis of gait and posture, pedobarography is employed in a wide range of applications including sports biomechanics and gait biometrics . The term 'pedobarography' is derived from the Latin: ""pedes"", referring to the foot (as in: pedometer, pedestrian, etc.), and the Greek: ""baros"" meaning 'weight' and also 'pressure' (as in: barometer, barograph). The first documented pedobarographic study was published in 1882 and used rubber and ink to record foot pressures. Numerous studies using similar apparatus"
"Arthropodology Arthropodology (from Greek - ""arthron"", ""joint"", and , ""gen"".: - ""pous"", ""podos"", ""foot"", which together mean ""jointed feet"") is a biological discipline concerned with the study of arthropods, a phylum of animals that include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others that are characterized by the possession of jointed limbs. This field is very important in medicine, studied together with parasitology. Medical arthropodology is the study of the parasitic effect of arthropods, not only as parasites but also as vectors. The first annual "" Conference on Medical Arthropodology"" was held in Madurai (Tamil Nadu) in 2007. Subfields of arthropodology are"
"Arthropodology Arthropodology (from Greek - ""arthron"", ""joint"", and , ""gen"".: - ""pous"", ""podos"", ""foot"", which together mean ""jointed feet"") is a biological discipline concerned with the study of arthropods, a phylum of animals that include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others that are characterized by the possession of jointed limbs. This field is very important in medicine, studied together with parasitology. Medical arthropodology is the study of the parasitic effect of arthropods, not only as parasites but also as vectors. The first annual "" Conference on Medical Arthropodology"" was held in Madurai (Tamil Nadu) in 2007. Subfields of arthropodology are"
"Labor and Statistics Sports podiatry covers the following two areas: Podopaediatrics is a specialty of podiatric medicine that focuses on the treatment of medical lower limb issues in children. In Australia, podiatry is considered as an allied health profession, and is practised by individuals licensed by the Podiatry Board of Australia. There are eight teaching centres (as well as Auckland University of Technology in New Zealand), with two levels of awards—bachelor's degree (pass and/or honours) such as the Bachelor of Podiatric Medicine offered by Charles Sturt University and University of Western Sydney, and the master-level postgraduate Doctor of Podiatric Medicine"
"to deal with a supposed deterministic variation. Simulation models incorporate uncertainty by adopting chaos theory, statistical distribution, or fuzzy logic. Pedometrics addresses pedology from the perspective of emerging scientific fields such as wavelets analysis, fuzzy set theory and data mining in soil data modelling applications. The advance of pedometrics is also linked to improvements in remote and close-range sensing. Pedometrics Pedometrics is the application of mathematical and statistical methods for the study of the distribution and genesis of soils. Pedometrics is a portmanteau of the Greek roots ""pedos"" (soil) and ""metron"" (measurement). Measurement in this case is restricted to mathematical"
"Scatology In medicine and biology, scatology or coprology is the study of feces. Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been), health and diseases such as tapeworms. The word derives from the Greek ( ) meaning ""dung, feces""; ""coprology"" derives from the Greek of similar meaning. A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John Gregory Bourke under the title "" Rites of All Nations"" (1891). An abbreviated version of the work (with a foreword by Sigmund Freud), was published as ""The Portable Scatalog"""
"Pediatrics Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word ""pediatrics"" and its cognates mean ""healer of children""; they derive from two Greek words: (""pais"" ""child"") and (""iatros"" ""doctor, healer""). Pediatricians work both in hospitals, particularly those working in its subspecialties such as neonatology, and as primary care physicians. Already Hippocrates, Aristotle, Celsus, Soranus,"
"a soil and the burial of a soil. (Retallack 2001) In geochemistry, a knowledge of the structure of former soils is also valuable to understand the composition of paleo continents. Paleopedology Paleopedology (palaeopedology in the United Kingdom) is the discipline that studies soils of past geological eras, from quite recent (Quaternary) to the earliest periods of the Earth's history. Paleopedology can be seen either as a branch of soil science (pedology) or of paleontology, since the methods it uses are in many ways a well-defined combination of the two disciplines. Paleopedology's earliest developments arose from observations in Scotland circa 1795"
"puberty. Pediatric gynaecology Pediatric gynaecology or pediatric gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries of infants, children, and adolescents. Its counterpart is pediatric andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the penis and testes. The word ""gynaecology"" comes from the Greek γυνή ""gyne"". ""woman"" and ""-logia"", ""study."" Assessment of the external genitalia and breast development are often part of routine physical examinations. Physicians also can advise pediatric gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Assessment can include an examination of the vulva, and rarely involve the introduction of instruments into the"
"Pediatric gynaecology Pediatric gynaecology or pediatric gynecology is the medical practice dealing with the health of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries of infants, children, and adolescents. Its counterpart is pediatric andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the penis and testes. The word ""gynaecology"" comes from the Greek γυνή ""gyne"". ""woman"" and ""-logia"", ""study."" Assessment of the external genitalia and breast development are often part of routine physical examinations. Physicians also can advise pediatric gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Assessment can include an examination of the vulva, and rarely involve the introduction of instruments into the vagina."
"Nephrology Nephrology (from Greek"" nephros"" ""kidney"", combined with the suffix ""-logy"", ""the study of"") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the kidneys: the study of normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Nephrology also studies systemic conditions that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes and autoimmune disease; and systemic diseases that occur as a result of kidney disease, such as renal osteodystrophy and hypertension. A physician who has undertaken additional training and become"
"Psephology Psephology (from Greek ""psephos"" ψῆφος, 'pebble', as the Greeks used pebbles as ballots) is a branch of political science which deals with the study and scientific analysis of elections. Psephology uses historical precinct voting data, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data. The term was coined in 1948 in the United Kingdom by W. F. R. Hardie (1902–1990) after he was asked by his friend R. B. McCallum for a word to describe the study of elections; first written use in 1952. Psephology is a division of political science that deals with the examination as well"
"other attitude is one of self-disgust and misanthropy. This is found in the works of the Earl of Rochester and Jonathan Swift. Scatology In medicine and biology, scatology or coprology is the study of feces. Scatological studies allow one to determine a wide range of biological information about a creature, including its diet (and thus where it has been), health and diseases such as tapeworms. The word derives from the Greek ( ) meaning ""dung, feces""; ""coprology"" derives from the Greek of similar meaning. A comprehensive study of scatology was documented by John Gregory Bourke under the title "" Rites"
"Podiatrist A podiatrist, also known as a podiatric physician (/poʊˈdaɪətrɪst/ poh-dye-eh-trist) or ""foot and ankle surgeon"", is a medical professional devoted to the study and medical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle and lower extremity. The term originated in North America, but has now become the accepted term in the English-speaking world for all practitioners of podiatric medicine. In the United States, Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) are doctors who practice on the lower extremities, primarily on feet and ankles. The preparatory education of most podiatrists includes four years of undergraduate work, followed by four years in an accredited"
"Pedorthist A pedorthist is a professional who has specialized training to modify footwear and employ supportive devices to address conditions which affect the feet and lower limbs. They are trained in the assessment of lower limb anatomy and biomechanics, and the appropriate use of corrective footwear – including shoes, shoe modifications and other pedorthic devices. “Certified Pedorthist” is a title used by the ""American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC) International Certification"", ""Board of Certification/Accreditation"", ""The College of Pedorthics of Canada"" as well as the Pedorthic Association Australia, where the only English speaking university degree of Pedorthics"
"choose to practice in. The Pedorthic Footcare Association or ""PFA"" (United States, International and Canadian Chapter) is a self-regulatory body which verifies, upholds, monitors and supports the competent and ethical practice of its Certified Pedorthist members. A Certified Pedorthist – C.Ped., BOCPD or C.Ped (C) is a health professional who is trained to assess patients, formulate and implement a treatment plan and follow-up with patients. The services provided include, but are not limited to: ""Assessment"" ""Formulation of a treatment"" ""Implementation of the treatment plan"" ""Follow-up treatment plan"" Pedorthist A pedorthist is a professional who has specialized training to modify footwear"
"physicians and works closely with the National Service Framework for kidney disease. Nephrology Nephrology (from Greek"" nephros"" ""kidney"", combined with the suffix ""-logy"", ""the study of"") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the kidneys: the study of normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Nephrology also studies systemic conditions that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes and autoimmune disease; and systemic diseases that occur as a result of kidney disease, such as renal"
"podiatric medicine. All podiatric medical schools in the United States are accredited by the Council on Podiatric Medical Education. Podiatrists treat a wide variety of foot and lower extremity conditions, through nonsurgical and surgical approaches. The American Board of Podiatric Orthopedics and Primary Podiatric Medicine (ABPOPPM) offers a comprehensive board qualification and certification process in podiatric medicine and orthopedics. Podiatric Medicine and Orthopedics is the medical specialty concerned with the comprehensive and continuous foot health care of patients. There are those podiatric physicians who also specialize (i.e. specialists) in such fields of practice of podiatric medical specialties as: In Australia"
"courses in the Diploma in Pedorthics program offered across Canada through Western University. Canadian Certified Pedorthists are orthotic and footwear experts. Pedorthists (C. Ped (C)) are one of the few healthcare professionals trained in the assessment of lower limb anatomy and biomechanics. With specialized education and training in the design, manufacture, fit and modification of foot orthotics and footwear, Pedorthists help to alleviate pain, abnormalities and debilitating conditions of the lower limbs and feet that if left untreated could result in limited mobility. Pedorthic Association of Canada Pedorthic Association of Canada (PAC) is a national non-profit organization whose mandate is"
"Speleology Speleology is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, their make-up, structure, physical properties, history, life forms, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term ""speleology"" is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as ""caving"" or ""potholing"", or (not usually by participants) by the uncommon American term ""spelunking"". Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for ""in situ"" study are the same. Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics,"
"Yogendra Yadav; and Curtis Gans, author of ""Voter Turnout in the United States, 1788–2009"". Psephology Psephology (from Greek ""psephos"" ψῆφος, 'pebble', as the Greeks used pebbles as ballots) is a branch of political science which deals with the study and scientific analysis of elections. Psephology uses historical precinct voting data, public opinion polls, campaign finance information and similar statistical data. The term was coined in 1948 in the United Kingdom by W. F. R. Hardie (1902–1990) after he was asked by his friend R. B. McCallum for a word to describe the study of elections; first written use in 1952."
"training is often largely under the control of pediatric organizations (see below) rather than universities, and depend on jurisdiction. Subspecialties of pediatrics include: Pediatrics Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people be under pediatric care up to the age of 21. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word ""pediatrics"" and its cognates mean ""healer of children""; they derive from two Greek words: (""pais"" ""child"") and (""iatros"" ""doctor, healer""). Pediatricians"