"produced 58.8 million yards (53.8 million meters), of fabric in 2011. The net sales were €225 million, or $291.65 million. In 2014 all of its 70 million yards of fabric (about 64 million meters) are produced in the Netherlands. In 2014 Vlisco made a turnover of 300 million euros. The process to make wax print is originally influenced by batik, an Indonesian (Javanese) method of dyeing cloth by using wax-resist techniques. For batik, wax is melted and then patterned across the blank cloth. From there, the cloth is soaked in dye, which is prevented from covering the entire cloth by"
"Batik Batik is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, made by hand manual and batik tools, this technique comes from Indonesia. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a ""canting"", or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a ""cap"". The applied wax resists dyes and therefore allows the artisan to colour selectively by soaking the cloth in one colour, removing the wax with boiling water, and repeating if multiple colours are desired. A tradition of making batik is found in various countries; the batik"
"English in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1880, in which it is spelled ""battik"". It is attested in the Indonesian Archipelago during the Dutch colonial period in various forms: ""mbatek"", ""mbatik"", ""batek"" and ""batik"". Wax resist dyeing of fabric is an ancient art form. It already existed in Egypt in the 4th century BC, where it was used to wrap mummies; linen was soaked in wax, and scratched using a stylus. In Asia, the technique was practised in China during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), and in India and Japan during the Nara Period (645-794 AD). In Africa it was originally"
"is important to them which is called the Batik and Ikat. The Batik is dyed cotton cloth decorated through a technique known as wax-resist dyeing. To how the process works for Batik, the workers start with a plain piece of cotton and then carefully draw patterns with melted wax. Then, the cloth is dipped in dye. It exposes the fabric while it soaks up the color while ares covered cloth is dipped in different color. This continues until the pattern is complete. In the past, only certain of people were allowed to wear certain batik pattern and others had to"
"made from cassava starch, rice, and other ingredients boiled together to produce a smooth thick paste. The Yoruba of West Africa use cassava paste as a resist while the Soninke and Wolof people in Senegal uses rice paste. The Bamana people of Mali use mud as a resist. Batik Batik is a technique of wax-resist dyeing applied to whole cloth, made by hand manual and batik tools, this technique comes from Indonesia. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a ""canting"", or by printing the resist with a copper stamp"
"practised by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, Soninke and Wolof in Senegal. These African version however, uses cassava starch or rice paste, or mud as a resist instead of beeswax. The art of batik is most highly developed in the island of Java in Indonesia. In Java, all the materials for the process are readily available — cotton and beeswax and plants from which different vegetable dyes are made. Indonesian batik predates written records: G. P. Rouffaer argues that the technique might have been introduced during the 6th or 7th century from India or Sri Lanka. On the other hand,"
"""wajan"" (wok) heated upon small stove. The batik craftsperson sometimes blow the spout tip of ""canting"" to allow the liquid wax to flow smoothly and to avoid clogging, then they draw the line or dot upon the cloth, applying the liquid wax, following the patterns and images that previously had been drawn using pencil. A pattern is then drawn with hot wax called ""malam"" using ""canting"". The wax functions as a dye-resist. After this, the cloth is dipped in a dye bath containing the first colour. After the cloth is dry, the wax is removed by scraping or boiling the"
"images as idolatry. Minangkabau batik tradition is known for ""batiak tanah liek"" (clay batik), which uses clay as a dye for the fabric, and embraces the animal and floral motifs. Bengkulu batik tradition is known for ""batik besurek"", which literary means ""batik with letters"" as they draw inspiration from Arabic calligraphy. Islamic batik tradition occasionally depicts Buraq as well, an Islamic mythical creature from the heavens which transported the Islamic prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and back during the Isra and Mi'raj. Indonesian performing art of Wayang has a variety known as ""Wayang sadat"" which has deployed Wayang for"
"it was noted: ""There are a few thousand Bagobos, who wear highly decorated clothing made of hemp fiber, all tied-and-dyed into fancy designs, and who further ornament themselves with big metal disks."" Plangi and tritik are Indonesian words, derived from Japanese words, for methods related to tie-dye, and 'bandhna' a term from India, giving rise to the Bandhani fabrics of Rajasthan. Ikat is a method of tie-dyeing the warp or weft before the cloth is woven. Mudmee tie-dye originates in Thailand and neighboring part of Laos. It uses different shapes and colors from other types of tie-dye, and the colors"
"cloth. This process is repeated as many times as the number of colours desired. For larger areas of cloth which need to be covered, the wax is applied using a tool called tonyok ""nemboki/mopoki"". Canting Canting (, IPA:, sometimes spelled with old Dutch orthography ""tjanting"") is a pen-like tool used to apply liquid hot wax () in the batik-making process, more precisely ""batik tulis"" (lit. ""written batik""). Traditional ""canting"" consists of copper wax-container with small pipe spout and bamboo handle. Traditional ""canting"" is made of copper, bronze, zinc or iron material, however modern version might use teflon. A ""canting"" consists"
"in many tourist areas. Rows of small stalls selling batiks can be found all along Hikkaduwa's Galle Road strip. Mahawewa, on the other hand, is famous for its batik factories. Batik is done by the ethnic people in the South-West of China. The Miao, Bouyei and Gejia people use a dye resist method for their traditional costumes. The traditional costumes are made up of decorative fabrics, which they achieve by pattern weaving and wax resist. Almost all the Miao decorate hemp and cotton by applying hot wax then dipping the cloth in an indigo dye. The cloth is then used"
"the fabric. The fabric is immersed in clay for more than 1 day and later designed with motifs of animal and flora. The Batik from Bengkulu, a city on west coast of Sumatra, is called ""Batik Besurek"", which literary means ""batik with letters"" as they draw inspiration from Arabic calligraphy. Batik making in the island of Bali is relatively new, but a fast-growing industry. Many patterns are inspired by local designs, which are favoured by the local Balinese and domestic tourists. Objects from nature such as frangipani and hibiscus flowers, birds or fishes, and daily activities such as Balinese dancer"
"Canting Canting (, IPA:, sometimes spelled with old Dutch orthography ""tjanting"") is a pen-like tool used to apply liquid hot wax () in the batik-making process, more precisely ""batik tulis"" (lit. ""written batik""). Traditional ""canting"" consists of copper wax-container with small pipe spout and bamboo handle. Traditional ""canting"" is made of copper, bronze, zinc or iron material, however modern version might use teflon. A ""canting"" consists of: ""': a rounded liquid wax container, made from copper. The size of ""canting"" may be varied according to the desired dot size or line thickness to be applied to the cloth. A batik"
"tawnies. In China, Japan, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Gambia, and other parts of West Africa and southeast Asia, patterned silk and cotton fabrics were produced using resist dyeing techniques in which the cloth is printed or stenciled with starch or wax, or tied in various ways to prevent even penetration of the dye when the cloth is piece-dyed. The Chinese ""ladao"" process is dated to the 10th century; other traditional techniques include tie-dye, batik, Rōketsuzome, katazome, bandhani and leheria. The mordants used in dyeing and many dyestuffs themselves give off strong and unpleasant odors, and the actual process of dyeing requires"
"blanket that was made wider than it was long). Nepalese rug makers - one of the most respected jobs in their society - would use luxurious silks, wools, and hemp to create beautiful works or art. Using vertical looms and fibers dyed with natural vegetal dyes, they form several different types of knots together for a soft and evenly tufted finish. For hundreds of years, tribes throughout Indonesia and Africa have used a dye and resist technique called batik to create intricate patterns and pictures. During the past two or three centuries batik has become one of the principal means"
"batik would be dipped in red, blue, and ""sogan"" dyes respectively. As of 1980, batik ""tiga negeri"" was only produced in one city. Sundanese or Priangan Batik is the term for batik from the Priangan region of West Java and Banten. Although Priangan batiks can use a wide range of colours, a preference for indigo is seen in some of its variants. Natural indigo dye made from ""Indigofera"" is among the oldest known dyes in Java, and its local name ""tarum"" has lent its name to the Citarum river and the Tarumanagara kingdom, which suggests that ancient West Java was"
"for weaving. In towns like Oyo and Ilorin, the people plant, cultivate and harvest cotton fibres. They also spin and dye. Ankara fabric, not referring to the capital of Turkey of the same name, is a 100% cotton fabric filled with vibrant patterns and African motifs. It is commonly referred to as Dutch wax or Holland wax, African print, or African wax prints. Ankara print Fabrics are made through an Indonesian wax-resist dyeing technique called Batik.In this technique, methods are used to ""resist"" the dye from reaching all the cloth, thereby creating a pattern. The lack of divergence in color"
"Batiks incorporate many motifs and colours, some traditional, others highly contemporary and individual. Many display a vigorousness of design related to their origin. The material created by the batik-makers is used to produce distinctive dresses, shirts, sarongs and beachwear well-suited for tropical climes. Many tourists at seaside resorts such as Hikkaduwa wear batik clothes throughout their holiday. Apart from clothes, tablecloths, wall pictures, beach clothes, pure cotton and silk, men's and ladies' wear and bed covers are popular as a reminder of a visit to Sri Lanka. Batiks originated many centuries ago with the villagers and tribesmen of what are"
"the wax. If additional colors are required, the wax-and-soak process is repeated with new patterns. During the Dutch colonization of Indonesia, Dutch merchants and administrators became familiar with the batik technique. Thanks to this contact, the owners of textile factories in the Netherlands, such as Jean Baptiste Theodore Prévinaire and Pieter Fentener van Vlissingen, received examples of batik textiles by the 1850s if not before, and started developing machine printing processes which could imitate batik. They hoped that these much cheaper machine-made imitations could outcompete the original batiks in the Indonesian market, effecting the look of batik without all the"
"""pasung"" and ""dhlorong"" are occasionally found in the body. Other motifs such as ""buketan"" (flower bouquet) and birds are commonly used in either the head or the body. As each region has its own traditional pattern, batiks are commonly distinguished by the region they originated in, such as batik Solo, batik Yogyakarta, batik Pekalongan, and batik Madura. Batiks from Java can be distinguished by their general pattern and colours into ""batik pedalaman"" (inland batik) or ""batik pesisir"" (coastal batik). Batiks which do not fall neatly into one of these two categories are only referred to by their region. A mapping"
"Bombay, Madras to find avenues of earning revenue for the establishment he so fondly founded in Amar Kutir. Thus he came across different shades of people. Bottom line being, that was how he learned the tricks and trades of waxing, cracking and printing, hitherto popularly known as Batik Print on fancy leather goods such as ladies' handbags, purses, brief-cases, side bags etc. He was the pioneer in this type of artifices trading and which, of course, he mastered through intermingling with traders visiting India from Malayasia, Indonesia in the late thirties and early forties. This itself is a history. During"
"Ikat Ikat is a dyeing technique used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns prior to dyeing and weaving the fabric. In ikat the resist is formed by binding individual yarns or bundles of yarns with a tight wrapping applied in the desired pattern (""ikat"" means ""to bind"" in the Indonesian language). The yarns are then dyed. The bindings may then be altered to create a new pattern and the yarns dyed again with another colour. This process may be repeated multiple times to produce elaborate, multicolored patterns. When the dyeing is finished all the bindings are"
"in Eurasia and Africa since ancient times. The first discoveries of pieces of linen was from Egypt and date from the fourth century. Cloth, used for mummy wrappings, was coated with wax, scratched with a sharp stylus, and dyed with a mixture of blood and ashes. After dyeing the cloth was washed in hot water to remove the wax. In Asia, this technique was practiced in China during the T'ang dynasty (618–907), in India and Japan in the Nara period (645–794). In Africa it was originally practiced by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, Soninke and Wolof in Senegal. Resist dyeing"
"placed in a bath of alizarin. The next step is to cover the cloth, except for the parts to be dyed blue, in wax, and immerse the cloth in indigo dye. The wax is then scraped off and remaining areas are painted by hand, similar to Indonesian ""batik"". To create design contours, artists use a bamboo or date palm stick pointed at one end with a bundle of fine hair attached to this pointed end to serve as the brush or pen. This pen is soaked in a mixture of fermented jaggery and water; one by one these are applied,"
"wear Itak. A commoner (ordinary people) who wore a Batik pattern clothing is assigned its royalty in Brunei and Malaysia. The people who wore this type of cloth were making a cultural statement, separating themselves from the people who wore Ikat and followed a more traditional lifestyle. The Ikat is made through a similar process as to Batik, however, instead of the pattern being dyed onto finished cloth, it is created while the cloth is woven. Of how the process works, the weaver lays out the threads to the string onto to the loom, then perfectly measured their length. The"
"requires several dozen gallons of water for each pound of clothing. Coloured designs in textiles can be created by weaving together fibres of different colours (tartan or Uzbek Ikat), adding coloured stitches to finished fabric (embroidery), creating patterns by resist dyeing methods, tying off areas of cloth and dyeing the rest (tie-dyeing), or drawing wax designs on cloth and dyeing in between them (batik), or using various printing processes on finished fabric. Woodblock printing, still used in India and elsewhere today, is the oldest of these dating back to at least 220 CE in China. Textiles are also sometimes bleached,"
"craftsperson uses ""canting"" in a similar fashion as drawing using a pen. There are three ways of classifying the types of ""canting"": G. P. Rouffaer reported that the ""gringsing"" batik pattern was already known by the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this delicate pattern could only be created by the ""canting"", an etching tool that holds a small reservoir of hot wax. He proposed that the ""canting"" was invented in Java around that time. Firstly, the cloth must be washed, soaked and beaten with a large mallet. The hot and liquid wax is scooped from small"
"batiks are produced in Pekalongan, Cirebon, Lasem, Tuban, and Madura. Pekalongan has the most active batik industry. A notable sub-type of coastal batik called ""Jawa Hokokai"" is not attributed to a particular region. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in early 1940, the batik industry greatly declined due to material shortages. The workshops funded by the Japanese however were able to produce extremely fine batiks called ""Jawa Hokokai"". Common motifs of ""Hokokai"" includes Japanese cherry blossoms, butterflies, and chrysanthemums. Another coastal batik called ""tiga negeri"" (batik of three lands) is attributed to three regions: Lasem, Pekalongan, and Solo, where the"
"heavily on brush painting method to apply colours on fabrics. The colours also tend to be lighter and more vibrant than deep coloured Javanese batik. In line with the Malaysia concept, the Malaysian government is now endorsing Malaysian batik as a national dress to every level of the general population, by having local designers to create new batik designs which reflect the Malaysia idea. The origin of batik production in Malaysia it is known trade relations between the Melayu Kingdom in Jambi and Javanese coastal cities have thrived since the 13th century, the northern coastal batik producing areas of Java"
"are most noted for their batik products. Girls are taught the technique at a young age. The dress code of the women has a cultural symbol, particularly signifying the warfare of their ancestors. The head dress is a representation of the Sun and the arrow. Their shoulders and back are covered with thick wools like shawls that represent shield. They cover their legs with leggings as leg guards. The clothes are made in white and red patterns, and decorated with silver ornaments. They practice animism, and make offerings to appease invisible spirits to prevent diseases, calamities and death, and to"
"at the Siege of Vienna in 1683. Mughal silks incorporate many Indian elements, and often feature relatively realistic ""portraits"" of plants, as found in other media. The development and refinement of Indonesian ""batik"" cloth was closely linked to Islam. The Islamic prohibition on certain images encouraged ""batik"" design to become more abstract and intricate. Realistic depictions of animals and humans are rare on traditional ""batik"". However, mythical serpents, humans with exaggerated features and the Garuda of pre-Islamic mythology are common motifs. Although its existence pre-dates Islam, ""batik"" reached its zenith in royal Muslim courts such as Mataram and Yogyakarta, whose"
"in the art gallery. Nantong blue calico Nantong blue calico printing and dyeing has been practiced in most parts of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China, since the beginning of Qing dynasty. In modern times, blue calico is used to make daily clothes, mosquito nets, pillowcases, baggage cloth, etc. The blue and white printed calico was first worn by local farmers and fishermen. Among Nantong citizens, it is famous for its handmade printing and dying process, as well as the native and simple design. The patterns on the blue clothes originate from animals, plants, and fairy tales, and are used to"
"Batiste Batiste is a fine cloth made from cotton, wool, polyester, or a blend, and the softest of the lightweight opaque fabrics. Batiste is a balanced plain weave, a fine cloth made from cotton or linen such as cambric. Batiste was often used as a lining fabric for high-quality garments. Batiste is also used for handkerchiefs (cotton batiste) and lingerie (batiste de soie). In 1901 ""Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language"" defined batiste as ""usual French name for cambric"" or ""applied in commerce to a fine texture of linen and cotton"". ""Cambric"" is a synonym of the French"