"ground at the end of the growing season. In general, vetiver is tolerant to herbicides and pesticides. Harvest of mature plants is performed mechanically or manually. A machine uproots the mature stock to below ground. To avoid damaging the plant crown, a single-blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment is used. Chrysopogon zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver (derived from the Tamil: வெட்டிவேர் ""veṭṭivēr"") is a perennial bunchgrass of the Poaceae family, native to India. Vetiver is most closely related to ""Sorghum"" but shares many morphological characteristics with other fragrant grasses, such as lemongrass (""Cymbopogon citratus""),"
"Cymbidium Cymbidium , or boat orchid, is a genus of 52 evergreen species in the orchid family Orchidaceae. The new Latin genus name is derived from the Latin ""cymba"" meaning boat. Its first known use was in 1815. This genus is distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia (such as northern India, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Borneo) and Australia. The larger flowered species from which the large flowered hybrids are derived grow at high altitudes. The species ""Cymbidium hookerianum"" is considered a delicacy in Bhutan where it is traditionally cooked in a spicy curry or stew and called ""olatshe"""
"Malabathrum Malabathrum, malabathron, or malobathrum is the name used in classical and medieval texts for certain cinnamon-like aromatic plant leaves and an ointment prepared from those leaves. ""Cinnamomum tamala"" (sometimes given as ""Cinnamomum tejpata""), grown most commonly in the eastern Himalayas, is thought to be a notable source of these leaves, although other species of ""Cinnamomum"" and even plants in other genera may have been used. In ancient Greece and Rome, the leaves were used to prepare a fragrant oil, called ""oleum malabathri"", and were therefore valuable. Malabathrum is mentioned in the first century Greek text ""Periplus Maris Erytraei"" and"
"thymol, 0-48% carvacrol, 3-30% para-cymene, and 0-15% eucalyptol. The first two components give the plant a flavor similar to oregano, and the leaves are widely used as an herb in Mexico and Central America. Lippia graveolens Lippia graveolens, a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae, is native to the southwestern United States (Texas and southern New Mexico), Mexico, and Central America as far south as Nicaragua. Common names include Mexican oregano, redbrush lippia, ""orégano Cimmaron"", scented lippia, and scented matgrass. The specific epithet is derived from two Latin words: ""gravis"", meaning ""heavy"", and ""oleo"", meaning ""oil"". It"
"cane, sweet cinnamon, sweet grass, sweet myrtle, sweet root, sweet rush, and sweet sedge. Common names in Asia include: ""Changpu 菖蒲"" (Mandarin Chinese)； ""shoubu 菖蒲"" (Japanese); ""vacha""; ""changpo 창포"" (Korean); ""bacch"" (Unani); ""bajai"", ""gora-bach"", ""vasa bach"" (Hindi); ""vekhand"" (Marathi); ""vasambu""/வசம்பு (Tamil); ""vadaja"", ""vasa"" (Telugu); ""baje"" (Kannada); ""വയമ്പ്/vayambu"" (Malayalam); Haimavati, ""bhutanashini"", ""jatila"" (Sanskrit), ""kâmpean"" កំពាន (Khmer), ""bojho बोझो"" (Nepali), and ""Dlingo"" (Indonesia). The generic name is the Latin word ""acorus"", which is derived from the Greek άχόρου (áchórou) of Dioscorides (note different versions of the text have different spellings). The word άχόρου itself is thought to have been derived from the"
"summer bath, leave the flowers atop a nearby rock, and then squeeze the sweet juices into their hair and over their bodies when the swim is completed. Zingiber zerumbet Zingiber zerumbet is a species of plant in the ginger family with leafy stems growing to about tall. It originates from Asia, but can be found in many tropical countries. Common names include: ""awapuhi"", bitter ginger, shampoo ginger (Malay = ""lempoyang"") and pinecone ginger. The rhizomes of ""Z. zerumbet"" have been used as food flavoring and appetizers in various cuisines while the rhizome extracts have been used in herbal medicine. ""Zingiber"
"Thyme Thyme () is an aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The most common variety is ""Thymus vulgaris"". Thyme is of the genus ""Thymus"" of the mint family (Lamiaceae), and a relative of the oregano genus ""Origanum. Ancient Egyptians used thyme for embalming. The ancient Greeks used it in their baths and burnt it as incense in their temples, believing it was a source of courage. The spread of thyme throughout Europe was thought to be due to the Romans, as they used it to purify their rooms and to ""give an aromatic flavour to cheese"
"is the cardinal herb for yin deficiency. According to the ""Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica,"" the herb is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly cold, enters the heart, lung, and stomach channels and nourishes the yin of the stomach, spleen, heart, and lungs and clears heat and quiets irritability. ""Liriope spicata"" is used as a substitute. Ophiopogon japonicus Ophiopogon japonicus (dwarf lilyturf, mondograss, fountainplant, monkeygrass; (""dragon's beard"") or ジャノヒゲ ""ja-no-hige"" (""snake's beard"")) is a species of ""Ophiopogon"" native to China, India, Japan, and Vietnam. It is an evergreen, sod-forming perennial plant. The leaves are linear, 20–40 cm long. The flowers are"
"of the Zerumbone synthase enzyme, which may be effective in treating colon cancer. Zingiber spectabile Zingiber spectabile is a species of true ginger, native to Maritime Southeast Asia. It is primarily grown in the West as an ornamental plant, although it has been used in South-East Asia as a medicinal herb. The scientific name of the species is ""Zingiber spectabile"". ""Zingiber"" is originally from a Sanskrit word that means ""shaped like a horn"" and refers to the horn-shaped leaves of most species of ginger. ""Spectabile"" is derived from the Latin ""spectabilis"", meaning 'visible' or 'spectacular'. The plant is commonly known"
"which were held in the 8th lunar month. The ""chengyu"" ""pluck osmanthus in the Toad Palace"" (, ""Chángōng zhé guì"") was a refined paraphrase for ""passing the exam"", in part since one would attract hangers-on as if he smelled as sweet as osmanthus thereafter. ""Breaking the osmanthus twig and mounting the dragon"" was another euphemism, in this case, for sex. Osmanthus fragrans Osmanthus fragrans ( ""fragrant osmanthus""; Chinese: , ""guìhuā"", and , ""mùxī""; ; , ""mokusei""; , ""silang""), variously known as sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive, is a species native to Asia from the Himalayas through"
"as ""Glycyrrhiza glabra"" (licorice), ""Ziziphus jujube"" and ""Zingiber officinale"" (ginger). Dichroa febrifuga Dichroa febrifuga () is a flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. In Indonesiann it is called ""gigil"", alternatively ""tataruman"" in Sundanese, ""ramram"" in Papua, ""Hom dong"" (ฮอมดง) in Thai, but ""Yai khlang yai"" (ยายคลังใหญ่) in Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Yai Krang (ยายกรัง) in the South, and ""Hom Kham"" (ฮอมคำ) in Lanna (Northern Thai). ""Dichroa febrifuga"" is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. The alkaloids febrifugine and isofebrifugine are believed to be responsible for its antimalarial effects. In traditional"
"fungus is native to Asia, and is also found in Australia, Europe and North America, where it is probably an introduced species. It has been used medicinally in China as an ulcer remedy. The species was first described by the Catholic Priest and missionary Pierre-Martial Cibot in the publication ""Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae"" (New memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg) (1775), where he reported finding it near Peking (now Beijing). This finding represents the earliest published scientific record of a fungus from China. Cibot's original name for the lantern stinkhorn, ""Phallus mokusin"", was sanctioned"
"Kaffir lime Citrus hystrix, called the kaffir lime, makrut lime (, ) or Mauritius papeda, is a citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia and southern China. Its fruit and leaves are used in Southeast Asian cuisine and its essential oil is used in perfumery. Its rind and crushed leaves emit an intense citrus fragrance. The etymology of the name ""kaffir lime"" is uncertain. The Arabic word for non-Muslims is ""kafir"". ""Citrus hystrix"" is known by various names in its native areas: In South Africa, ""kaffir"" is an ethnic slur for black African people. Consequently, some authors favour switching from"
"Dichroa febrifuga Dichroa febrifuga () is a flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae. In Indonesiann it is called ""gigil"", alternatively ""tataruman"" in Sundanese, ""ramram"" in Papua, ""Hom dong"" (ฮอมดง) in Thai, but ""Yai khlang yai"" (ยายคลังใหญ่) in Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Yai Krang (ยายกรัง) in the South, and ""Hom Kham"" (ฮอมคำ) in Lanna (Northern Thai). ""Dichroa febrifuga"" is an important herb in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. The alkaloids febrifugine and isofebrifugine are believed to be responsible for its antimalarial effects. In traditional preparations, it is used in conjunction with other plants such"
"for tarragon, and offered in the nursery as ""Texas tarragon"" or ""Mexican mint marigold"". ""Tagetes minuta"", native to southern South America, is a tall, upright marigold plant with small flowers used as a culinary herb in Peru, Ecuador, and parts of Chile and Bolivia, where it is called by the Incan term ""huacatay"". The paste is used to make the popular potato dish called ""ocopa"". Having both ""green"" and ""yellow/orange"" notes, the taste and odor of fresh ""T. minuta"" is like a mixture of sweet basil, tarragon, mint and citrus. It is also used as a medicinal tea in some"
"Phellinus linteus Phellinus linteus (Japanese ""meshimakobu"", Chinese ""song gen"", Korean ""sanghwang"", English ""Meshima"", American English ""black hoof mushroom"") is a medicinal mushroom used in Japan, Korea and China for centuries to prevent ailments as diverse as gastroenteric dysfunction, diarrhea, haemorrhage and cancers. It is shaped like a hoof, has a bitter taste, and in the wild grows on mulberry trees. The stem's color ranges from dark brown to black. In Korean traditional medicine, the mushroom is consumed in the form of hot tea. Early research has suggested that ""Phellinus linteus"" has anti-breast cancer activity. A paper published by Harvard Medical"
"carry the scent of ripe peaches or apricots. A number of cultivars have been selected for garden use, with varying flower colors. Within Japan, the white- and orange-blossoming subspecies are distinguished as ""ginmokusei"" (, ""silver osmanthus"") and ""kinmokusei"" (, ""gold osmanthus""), respectively. In Chinese cuisine, its flowers may be infused with green or black tea leaves to create a scented tea (桂花茶, ""guìhuāchá""). The flowers are also used to produce osmanthus-scented jam ( , , ""guìhuājiàng""), sweet cakes (, ""guìhuāgāo""), dumplings, soups, and liquor. Osmanthus jam is used as an ingredient in a type of gruel called ""chátāng"" (), which"
"efficient use of the water for both, the aquatic animal and the lotus production, has been identified with this planting pattern. The rhizomes of lotus are called ""ǒu"" (藕) in Mandarin, ""ngau"" in Cantonese, ""yeongeun"" (연근) in Korean, ""renkon"" (, ) in Japanese, ""thambou"" in Meitei, ""kamal kakri"" in Hindi, ""Behh"" in Sindhi and ""Nelum Ala"" (නෙළුම් අල) in Sinhalese. They are consumed as a vegetable in Asian countries, extensively in China and Japan: sold whole or in cut pieces, fresh, frozen, or canned. They are fried or cooked mostly in soups, soaked in syrup or pickled in vinegar (with"
"Sauropus androgynus Sauropus androgynus, also known as katuk, star gooseberry, or sweet leaf, is a shrub grown in some tropical regions as a leaf vegetable. In Chinese it is called ""mani cai"" (马尼菜); in Japan it is called ""amame shiba"" (アマメシバ); in Malay it is called ""cekur manis"", ""sayur manis"", ""asin-asin"" or ""cangkok manis"" (in Bruneian malay); in Thai it is called ""pak waan""; in Vietnamese, it is called ""rau ngót""; in the Philippines, it is called Chinese Malunggay and in Kerala, India it is called ""madhura cheera"". Its multiple upright stems can reach 2.5 meters high and bear dark"
"Calamondin Calamondin (""Citrus microcarpa"", × ""Citrofortunella microcarpa"" or × ""Citrofortunella mitis""), also known as calamansi, is an economically-important citrus hybrid predominantly cultivated in the Philippines. It is native to the Philippines and surrounding areas in southern China, Taiwan, Borneo, and Sulawesi. Calamondin is ubiquitous in traditional Filipino cuisine. It is used in various condiments, beverages, dishes, marinades, and preserves. Calamondin is also used as ingredients in the cuisines of Malaysia and Indonesia. Calamondin is a citrofortunella, an intergeneric hybrid between a member of the genus ""Citrus"" (in this case probably the mandarin orange) and the kumquat. it was formerly considered"
"Combretum indicum Combretum indicum, also known as the Chinese honeysuckle or Rangoon creeper, is a vine with red flower clusters and is found in Asia. It is found in many other parts of the world either as a cultivated ornamental or run wild. Other names for the plant include Quiscual (in Spanish), Niyog-niyogan (in Filipino), Madhu Malti or Madhumalti (in Hindi), ମଧୁ ମାଳତି Madhumalati (in Odia), Madhabilata (মাধবীলতা in Bengali; named by Rabindranath Tagore), Malati ( মালতী in Assamese), Madhumaloti (মধুমালোতি in Meitei), Akar Dani (in Malay) , Rangoon Malli (இரங்கூன் மல்லி in Tamil ) and Radha Manoharam (in Telugu)."
"Stout Silver Medal winners can be seen on the AHS website. In the UK the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:- The flowers of ""Hemerocallis citrina"" are edible and are used in Chinese cuisine. They are sold (fresh or dried) in Asian markets as gum jum (金针 in Chinese; pinyin: jīn zhēn) or yellow flower vegetables (黃花菜 in Chinese; pinyin: huáng huā cài). They are used in hot and sour soup, daylily soup (金針花湯), Buddha's delight, and moo shu pork. Daylily A daylily is a flowering plant in the genus Hemerocallis . Gardening enthusiasts"
"Cyperus articulatus Cyperus articulatus is an aromatic species of sedge known by the common names jointed flatsedge and priprioca. It has also been known as Guinea rush or adrue. It grows as a perennial herb. It grows in water or near it in rivers, streams, lakes, and swamps with a hyperhydrate (emergent aquatic) or possibly tenagophyte (submerged juvenile and terrestrial adult) growth pattern. It is widespread across tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia, the southeastern United States, the West Indies, and Latin America. While it is closely related to highly invasive sedges such as purple nut"
"The Latin ""Miscanthus"" comes from the Greek for ""stalk"" and ""flower"". The qualifier ""sinensis"" means ""from China"", though the plant is found elsewhere in eastern Asia. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions around the world. It has become an invasive species in parts of North America. However, it is possible to reduce the likelihood of escape or hybridization with extant wild ""M. sinensis"" populations with breeding and proper management. Several cultivars have been selected, including 'Strictus' with narrow growth habit, 'Variegata' with white margins, and ‘Zebrinus’ (sometimes incorrectly rendered as 'Zebrina') with horizontal yellow and"
"""Thymus fragrantissimus"", ""Thymus serpyllum citratus"", ""Thymus serpyllum citriodorum"", and more. It was also believed at one time that the plant was a hybrid of European garden origin, between ""Thymus pulegioides"" and ""Thymus vulgaris"". DNA analysis has shown that ""T. citriodorus"" is not part of the DNA tree that includes ""T. pulegioides"" and ""T. vulgaris"". Cultivars are selected for foliage color, and aromas of different citrus fruits. The following are sold by various nurseries, often under the synonyms, so scientific naming is not reliable: Thymus citriodorus Thymus citriodorus, the lemon thyme or citrus thyme, is a lemon-scented evergreen mat-forming perennial. There"
"""Kaempferia galanga"", which has a peppery camphorous taste and is used in Indonesia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. ""Cyperus longus"" is sometimes referred to as ""galingal"", and has similar uses, with spicy, starchy rhizomes used in cooking. ""Boesenbergia rotunda"", also called ""Chinese ginger"" or ""fingerroot,"" is sometimes also referred to as ""lesser galangal."" Alpinia officinarum Alpinia officinarum, known as lesser galangal, is a plant in the ginger family, cultivated in Southeast Asia. It originated in China, where its name ultimately derives. It can grow several feet high, with long leaves and reddish-white flowers. The rhizomes, known as galangal, are"
"cumin. It is used most often in Vietnamese cuisine, where it is called ""ngò om"". It is an ingredient in ""canh chua"", a sweet and sour seafood soup which also includes tamarind, not to be confused with ""ngò gai"" which is also added as an accompaniment to the noodle soup called ""phở"". In Thai cuisine it is known as ""phak khaeyng"" (ผักแขยง) and is also used to make om. Limnophila aromatica Limnophila aromatica (synonym: Limnophila chinensis var. aromatica; also called rice paddy herb) is a tropical flowering plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia, where"
"Osmanthus fragrans Osmanthus fragrans ( ""fragrant osmanthus""; Chinese: , ""guìhuā"", and , ""mùxī""; ; , ""mokusei""; , ""silang""), variously known as sweet osmanthus, sweet olive, tea olive, and fragrant olive, is a species native to Asia from the Himalayas through southern China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan) to Taiwan and southern Japan and southeast Asia as far south as Cambodia and Thailand. In China, it is the ""city flower"" of the cities of Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Guilin. In Japan, it is the ""city tree"" of Kitanagoya, Aichi Prefecture, and the ""town tree"" of Yoshitomi, Fukuoka Prefecture. It is an evergreen shrub or"
"Zingiber The genus Zingiber is native to Southeast Asia especially in Thailand, China, the Indian Subcontinent, and New Guinea. It contains the true gingers, plants grown the world over for their medicinal and culinary value. The most well-known is ""Z. officinale"", garden ginger. Each ginger species has a different culinary usage; for example, myoga is valued for the stem and flowers. Garden ginger's rhizome is the classic spice ""ginger"", and may be used whole, candied (known commonly as crystallized ginger), or dried and powdered. Other popular gingers used in cooking include cardamom and turmeric, though neither of these examples is"
"from which flowers emerge in racemes held on short stems above the leaves. Some species such as ""Ophiopogon japonicus"" and ""Ophiopogon planiscapus"" are used as ground cover plants. In Chinese medicine the tuber of ""Ophiopogon japonicus"", known as mai men dong, is the cardinal herb for yin deficiency. According to the Chinese Herbal Medicine ""Materia Medica"", the herb is sweet, slightly bitter and slightly cold, enters the heart, lung and stomach channels and nourishes the yin of the stomach, spleen, heart and lungs and clears heat and quiets irritability. It is used for hacking dry coughs, dry tongue and mouth"
"Opopanax chironium Opopanax chironium, common name Hercules-all-heal, also known as sweet myrrh or bisabol myrrh, is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. ""Opopanax chironium"" grows high. This perennial herb has a branching stem, thick and rough close to the base. Leaves are serrate, pinnate, with long petioles. It produces a large, flat, yellow inflorescence at the top of the branches. This plant is used in the production of certain perfumes. A consumable resin known as opopanax can be extracted from the ""Opopanax"" plant by cutting at the base of a stem and sun-drying the juice that flows out. Though"
"Opopanax chironium Opopanax chironium, common name Hercules-all-heal, also known as sweet myrrh or bisabol myrrh, is a herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. ""Opopanax chironium"" grows high. This perennial herb has a branching stem, thick and rough close to the base. Leaves are serrate, pinnate, with long petioles. It produces a large, flat, yellow inflorescence at the top of the branches. This plant is used in the production of certain perfumes. A consumable resin known as opopanax can be extracted from the ""Opopanax"" plant by cutting at the base of a stem and sun-drying the juice that flows out. Though"
"Astragalus propinquus Astragalus propinquus (syn. ""Astragalus membranaceus"", commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English and as ""huáng qí"" (), ""běi qí"" () or ""huáng huā huáng qí"" (), in Chinese, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened. ""A. propinquus"" is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). ""A. propinquus"" is an component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness. Chemical constituents"