"supernova hadn't appeared in the night sky when Vermeer was alive. Johannes Vermeer Johannes Vermeer (; ; October 1632 – December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. He was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime but evidently was not wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings. Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, and frequently used very expensive pigments. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work. Vermeer painted mostly domestic"
"more complete list of paintings attributed to de Hooch, see the list of paintings by Pieter de Hooch: Pieter de Hooch Pieter de Hooch (, also spelled ""Hoogh"" or ""Hooghe""; 20 December 1629 (baptized) – 24 March 1684 (buried)) was a Dutch Golden Age painter famous for his genre works of quiet domestic scenes with an open doorway. He was a contemporary of Jan Vermeer in the Delft Guild of St. Luke, with whom his work shares themes and style. De Hooch was born in Rotterdam to Hendrick Hendricksz de Hooch, a bricklayer, and Annetge Pieters, a midwife. He was"
"Pieter de Hooch Pieter de Hooch (, also spelled ""Hoogh"" or ""Hooghe""; 20 December 1629 (baptized) – 24 March 1684 (buried)) was a Dutch Golden Age painter famous for his genre works of quiet domestic scenes with an open doorway. He was a contemporary of Jan Vermeer in the Delft Guild of St. Luke, with whom his work shares themes and style. De Hooch was born in Rotterdam to Hendrick Hendricksz de Hooch, a bricklayer, and Annetge Pieters, a midwife. He was the eldest of five children and outlived all of his siblings. Little is known of his early life"
"or 'nights'). By 1628 he was back in Delft, where he joined the Guild of Saint Luke in 1629 and the schutterij. Among his many patrons were members of the House of Orange, but local burgomasters and schepen also bought his paintings in great numbers. He was a many sided artist, designing for tapestry firms in Delft, painting murals and ceilings, some of which are illusionistic in style. He painted real frescos in the Civic Guard house, the nearby stadholder's palaces in Honselersdijk, Rijswijk, the Communal Land Housde and the Prinsenhof in Delft. Due to the Dutch climate they no"
"Carel Fabritius Carel Pietersz. Fabritius (; bapt. 27 February 1622 – 12 October 1654) was a Dutch painter. He was a pupil of Rembrandt and worked in his studio in Amsterdam. Fabritius, who was a member of the Delft School, developed his own artistic style and experimented with perspective and lighting. Among his works are ""A View of Delft"" (1652), ""The Goldfinch"" (1654), and ""The Sentry"" (1654). Carel Pietersz. Fabritius was born in February 1622 in Middenbeemster, a village in the ten-year-old Beemster polder in the Dutch Republic, and was baptized on 27 February of that year. He was the"
"has also been attributed to Jeremias van Winghe (At Roberts Simon). Jeremias van Winghe Jeremias van Winghe (Brussels. 1578 – Frankfurt am Main, 1645) was a Flemish painter known for his portraits, genre scenes, kitchen scenes and still life paintings. After training in Brussels and Amsterdam, he was mainly active in Frankfurt am Main. Jeremias van Winghe was born in Brussels in 1578 as the son of Joos van Winghe. His father was a painter who had studied in Italy and had become court painter to Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. The family van Winghe left the Southern Netherlands in"
"Gerard van Honthorst Gerard van Honthorst (""Gerrit van Honthorst"") (4 November 1592 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became especially noted for his depiction of artificially lit scenes, eventually receiving the nickname Gherardo delle Notti (""Gerard of the nights""). Early in his career he visited Rome, where he had great success painting in a style influenced by Caravaggio. Following his return to the Netherlands he became a leading portrait painter. Van Honthorst was born in Utrecht, the son of a decorative painter, and trained under his father, and then under Abraham Bloemaert. Having completed his"
"realism and illusionistic impact. Jacob Biltius Jacob Biltius or Jacobus Biltius (The Hague, baptized 27 November 1633 – Bergen op Zoom, 8 February 1681) was a Dutch still life painter originally from The Hague who worked in various places including The Hague, Amsterdam, Maastricht, Antwerp, Leeuwarden and Bergen op Zoom. He was known for his game still lifes, kitchen still lifes and trompe-l'oeil still lifes. Jacob Biltius was born in The Hague as the son of Bartholomeus Bilt and an unknown mother. The profession of his father is not known. He was baptized on 27 November 1633. He studied in"
"in his hometown during his whole career. He died in Mechelen. He had a brother or relative called Jacob van der Gracht who trained with him, became a portrait painter and printmaker and died in The Hague in 1651 or 1652. Gommaert van der Gracht specialised in landscapes and still lifes. His still lifes include market and kitchen pieces as well as fruit and game pieces. He often set his still lifes in landscapes. He also painted genre scenes. Very few works by his hand were known to exist and only recently his oeuvre has expanded through new attributions. There"
"Delft School (painting) The Delft School is a category of mid-17th-century Dutch Golden Age painting named after its main base, Delft. It is best known for genre painting: images of domestic life, views of households, church interiors, courtyards, squares and the streets of that city. Carel Fabritius and Nicolaes Maes are seen as the originators of these localised specialties in the 1640s that were continued in the 1650s by Pieter de Hooch and Johannes Vermeer. Vermeer is the most famous of these painters today. The architectural interiors of Gerard Houckgeest, Emanuel de Witte and Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet are also"
"23, 2013. It remained there for six months before going on permanent display in the museum's Dutch and Flemish galleries. Gerard van Honthorst Gerard van Honthorst (""Gerrit van Honthorst"") (4 November 1592 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became especially noted for his depiction of artificially lit scenes, eventually receiving the nickname Gherardo delle Notti (""Gerard of the nights""). Early in his career he visited Rome, where he had great success painting in a style influenced by Caravaggio. Following his return to the Netherlands he became a leading portrait painter. Van Honthorst was born in"
"Jan van Cleve (III) Jan van Cleve (III) or Jan van Cleef (III) (6 January 1646 – 18 December 1716) was a Dutch-born Flemish painter who is known for his altarpieces, allegorical pictures and mythological scenes. He worked in Brussels at the beginning of his career and later moved to Gent. Van Cleve was born in Venlo in the duchy of Guelders. Displaying from an early age an interest and facility in art, he went to Brussels where he joined the workshop of the Flemish artist Luigi Primo who had worked for a long period of time in Italy. He"
"1672 to 1686. His large-scale canvases were used as wall decorations for castles in Germany such as the Brühl Palaces. Biltius created mainly trompe l'oeil compositions which are clearly influenced by similar works of his father. Examples of illusionistic effects in his works are the trompe-l'oeil frames, the shade cast by objects on the canvas and the hyperrealist rendering of falling plumes and the dripping of blood of suspended game birds. Cornelis Biltius Cornelis Biltius or Cornelius Biltius (The Hague, baptized 12 November 1653 – in or after 1686) was a Dutch still life painter originally from The Hague who"
"detail in his landscapes than his son. Jan Snellinck (III) collaborated on a number of landscapes with Adam Colonia who provided the staffage in his landscapes. Jan Snellinck (III) Jan Snellinck (III) ( Rotterdam, 1640 – Rotterdam, before 1691) was a Dutch landscape painter. He worked his entire career in Rotterdam and is known for his landscapes, moonlight scenes and peasant scenes. Jan Snellinck (III) was born in Rotterdam and was baptized on 9 April 1640. He was the son of Cornelis Snellinck and Maertje Jans. His father was a landscape painter of Flemish descent who had been born in"
"by these paintings, and perhaps was encouraged to achieve similar effects by his patrons. Jan Albertsz Rotius Jan Albertsz. Rotius (20 October 1624 – 1 November 1666 (buried)) was a Dutch painter known for his individual and group portraits, breakfast still lifes, kitchen still lifes and fruit still lifes. He was active in Hoorn and was the father of the flower painter Jacob Rotius. Rotius was born in Medemblik, North Holland where he was baptised on 20 October 1624. His baptismal name was 'Albert Jansz. Rootgies', but he later Latinized his name to ""Rotius"", which was garbled by the early"
"Dirck van Delen Dirck van Delen or Dirck Christiaensz van Delen (c. 1605, Heusden – 16 May 1671, Arnemuiden) was a Dutch painter who specialized exclusively in architectural paintings, principally depicting palace perspectives and church interiors. Van Delen was born in Heusden. It is not clear with whom he apprenticed. Art historian have proposed both Frans Hals and Hendrick Aerts (who also specialized in architectural paintings) as his presumed masters. More plausible are studies under Pieter van Bronckhorst and/or Bartholomeus van Bassen in Delft. The influence of Hendrick Aerts could have reached van Delen in this manner. An apprenticeship in"
"Pieter Neefs the Elder Pieter Neefs the Elder or Pieter Neeffs the Elder (Antwerp, c. 1578 – Antwerp, after 1656 before 1661) was a Flemish painter who specialized in architectural interiors of churches. Active in Antwerp, he was influenced by the works of the Dutch architectural painters Hendrik van Steenwijk the Elder and the Younger. His principal contribution to the genre were his nocturnal church interiors lit by two light sources. The year of birth of Pieter Neefs is not known with certainty. It is placed some time between 1578 and 1590. He is believed to have been born in"
"and real. His theme may have been light and how it creates livable space. Emanuel de Witte Emanuel de Witte (1617–1692) was a Dutch perspective painter. In contrast to Pieter Jansz Saenredam, who emphasized architectural accuracy, De Witte was more concerned with the atmosphere of his interiors. Though few in number, de Witte also produced genre paintings. De Witte was born in Alkmaar and learned geometry from his father a schoolmaster. He joined the local Guild of St Luke in 1636. After a stay in Rotterdam, he moved to Delft and studied with Evert van Aelst. In 1651 de Witte"
"of nine family portraits are part of the collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. He had a brilliant and powerful palette in which the browns dominate. His later works are characterised by soft transitions and a blueish tone in the wrists and neck of his subjects. Some of his paintings were engraved by Crispijn van de Passe. Gortzius Geldorp Gortzius Geldorp (1553–1618) was a Flemish Renaissance artist who was active in Germany where he distinguished himself through his portrait paintings. Gortzius Geldorp was born in Leuven. The early Flemish biographer Karel van Mander reported that Geldorp first learned to paint from"
"part of a perspective box. Pieter Janssens Elinga Pieter Janssens Elinga (1623–1682) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, mainly of domestic interior scenes with a strong emphasis on the rectangular geometrical elements of windows, floor tiling paintings, and other elements, and a few genre figures. He also painted still lifes. He was born in Bruges as the son of Gisbrecht Janssens, who probably taught him to paint. When he moved to Rotterdam in 1653, he changed his name to Elinga. He moved to Amsterdam in 1657, where he probably died. He is last registered alive in 1657, when he paid"
"of painting. He used cool colour harmonies to create shape in a luminous style of painting. Fabritius was also interested in complex spatial effects, as can be seen in the exaggerated perspective of ""A View of Delft, with a Musical Instrument Seller's Stall"" (1652). He also showed excellent control of a heavily loaded brush, as in ""The Goldfinch"" (1654). All these qualities appear in the work of Delft's most famous painters, Vermeer and de Hooch; it is likely that Fabritius was a strong influence on them. Carel Fabritius Carel Pietersz. Fabritius (; bapt. 27 February 1622 – 12 October 1654)"
"Lesire moved towards the end of his life and where he died. Paulus Lesire Paulus Lesire (1611-1654) was a Dutch painter who specialised in history paintings and portraits. Born in Dordrecht, he was the son of a decorative painter and glass-artist from The Hague. He trained as a painter in Dordrecht and was probably a pupil of Jacob Cuyp, joining the town's Guild of St Luke in 1631. On 10 September 1634 he married Lowize de Claar from the Hague and a few years later moved to the Hague with her. His composition and use of light seems to have"
"leading Antwerp painters. The presence of children in this type of composition has been explained by the popularity in the Netherlands during the 1660s and 70s of genre scenes showing domestic interiors and ‘ordinary’ people. Dirck van Delen Dirck van Delen or Dirck Christiaensz van Delen (c. 1605, Heusden – 16 May 1671, Arnemuiden) was a Dutch painter who specialized exclusively in architectural paintings, principally depicting palace perspectives and church interiors. Van Delen was born in Heusden. It is not clear with whom he apprenticed. Art historian have proposed both Frans Hals and Hendrick Aerts (who also specialized in architectural"
"Jan Snellinck (III) Jan Snellinck (III) ( Rotterdam, 1640 – Rotterdam, before 1691) was a Dutch landscape painter. He worked his entire career in Rotterdam and is known for his landscapes, moonlight scenes and peasant scenes. Jan Snellinck (III) was born in Rotterdam and was baptized on 9 April 1640. He was the son of Cornelis Snellinck and Maertje Jans. His father was a landscape painter of Flemish descent who had been born in Antwerp or Rotterdam. His Flemish family included a number of prominent artists. His grandfather Jan Snellinck the Younger was a genre and history painter. His great-grandfather"
"in Gent and the town hall of Gent. Jan van Cleve (III) Jan van Cleve (III) or Jan van Cleef (III) (6 January 1646 – 18 December 1716) was a Dutch-born Flemish painter who is known for his altarpieces, allegorical pictures and mythological scenes. He worked in Brussels at the beginning of his career and later moved to Gent. Van Cleve was born in Venlo in the duchy of Guelders. Displaying from an early age an interest and facility in art, he went to Brussels where he joined the workshop of the Flemish artist Luigi Primo who had worked for"
"typical of still lifes earlier in the century. Instead of the Chinese or silver vessels favoured by his contemporaries, his tableware is very basic pottery. ""Objects and light are studied intensely, and are painted with a wondrous tenderness"". Neither his birth nor death date is certain, and archival evidence only exists in Middelburg for his membership in the Guild of St. Luke there from 1695 onwards, when he was fined for selling a painting without being a member of the guild. His works appear frequently in contemporary Middelburg taxation inventories Coorte was apparently not well known to his contemporaries outside"
"Jacob Biltius Jacob Biltius or Jacobus Biltius (The Hague, baptized 27 November 1633 – Bergen op Zoom, 8 February 1681) was a Dutch still life painter originally from The Hague who worked in various places including The Hague, Amsterdam, Maastricht, Antwerp, Leeuwarden and Bergen op Zoom. He was known for his game still lifes, kitchen still lifes and trompe-l'oeil still lifes. Jacob Biltius was born in The Hague as the son of Bartholomeus Bilt and an unknown mother. The profession of his father is not known. He was baptized on 27 November 1633. He studied in The Hague under the"
"Jan Baptist Bosschaert Jan Baptist Bosschaert or Jan Baptist Bosschaert the Younger (baptized on 17 December 1667 in Antwerp –1746 in Antwerp) was a Flemish still life painter who is principally known for his decorative still lifes with flowers. He collaborated with figure artists on compositions which combined allegorical or mythological scenes with a still life element. He was active in Antwerp. Jan Baptist Bosschaert was born in Antwerp as the son of the painter-baker Jan Baptist and his second wife Joanna de Bie, the sister of the painter Erasmus de Bie. His father died young leaving Jan Baptist in"
"Rubens sketch. De Vos' treatment of the faces also differs in that they are less expressive and dramatic than in the sketch. While de Vos' collaborations with Rubens on projects in the 1630s appear not to have influenced his style, they did influence his technique. Cornelis de Vos Cornelis de Vos (1584 – 9 May 1651) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and art dealer. He was one of the leading portrait painters in Antwerp and is best known for his sensitive portraits, in particular of children and families. He was also successful in other genres including history, religious and genre"
"Pieter Janssens Elinga Pieter Janssens Elinga (1623–1682) was a Dutch Golden Age painter, mainly of domestic interior scenes with a strong emphasis on the rectangular geometrical elements of windows, floor tiling paintings, and other elements, and a few genre figures. He also painted still lifes. He was born in Bruges as the son of Gisbrecht Janssens, who probably taught him to paint. When he moved to Rotterdam in 1653, he changed his name to Elinga. He moved to Amsterdam in 1657, where he probably died. He is last registered alive in 1657, when he paid a poll tax in Amsterdam."
"Jan van den Hecke Jan van den Hecke or Jan van den Hecke the Elder (1620–1684) was a Flemish Baroque painter, draughtsman, printmaker and engraver mainly known for his still lifes, landscapes and battle scenes. After training in Antwerp, he spent time in Rome where he had important patrons. After his return to Flanders he worked for a while in Brussels likely painting flower still lifes for Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, the Austrian governor of the Spanish Netherlands, before returning to work in Antwerp. Jan van den Hecke was born in Kwaremont near Ronse, about 10 km from Oudenaarde,"
"Ludolf Bakhuizen Ludolf Bakhuizen (28 December 1630 – 17 November 1708) was a German-born Dutch painter, draughtsman, calligrapher and printmaker. He was the leading Dutch painter of maritime subjects after Willem van de Velde the Elder and Younger left for England in 1672. He also painted portraits of his family and circle of friends. He was born in Emden, East Frisia, and came to Amsterdam in about 1650, working as a merchant's clerk and a calligrapher. He discovered so strong a genius for painting that he relinquished the business and devoted himself to art from the late 1650s, initially in"
"Cornelis Biltius Cornelis Biltius or Cornelius Biltius (The Hague, baptized 12 November 1653 – in or after 1686) was a Dutch still life painter originally from The Hague who worked in various locations in Germany. He was known for his trompe-l'oeil still lifes of game, hunting equipment, kitchen still lifes and letter racks close to the style of his father Jacob Biltius. Cornelis Biltius was born in The Hague as the first-born child of Jacob Biltius and Adriana Proot van der Jeucht. His father was a still life painter originally from Middelburg. He would later have seven more siblings of"