"Kingdom of Sarawak The Kingdom of Sarawak (also known as the State of Sarawak) was a British protectorate located in the northwestern part of the island of Borneo. It was established as an independent kingdom from a series of land concessions acquired by an Englishman, James Brooke, from the Sultanate of Brunei. The kingdom received recognition as an independent state from the United States in 1850, and from the United Kingdom in 1864. Following recognition, Brooke expanded the kingdom territory at the expense of Brunei. Several major rebellions occurred against his rule, causing him to be plagued by debt incurred"
"becoming the organisation's 159th member. In October 2013, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah announced his intention to impose Penal Code from the Sharia law on the country's Muslims, which make up roughly two thirds of the country's population. This would be implemented in three phases, culminating in 2016, and making Brunei the first and only country in East Asia to introduce Sharia law into its penal code. The move attracted international criticism, the United Nations expressing ""deep concern"". Brunei is a southeast Asian country consisting of two unconnected parts with a total area of on the island of Borneo. It has of"
"Bruneian Empire The Bruneian Empire or Empire of Brunei ( ), also known as Sultanate of Brunei or Negara Brunei, was a Malay sultanate, centred in Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo island in Southeast Asia. Bruneian rulers converted to Islam around the 15th century, when it grew substantially since the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese, extending throughout coastal areas of Borneo and the Philippines, before it declined in the 17th century. Understanding the history of the Bruneian Empire is quite difficult since it is hardly mentioned in contemporary sources of its time, as well as there being"
"Bandar Seri Begawan Bandar Seri Begawan ( or ) (Jawi: بندر سري بڬاوان ; ) (formerly known as Brunei Town) is the capital city of the Sultanate of Brunei. It is officially governed as a municipality (). Bandar Seri Begawan has an estimated population of 100,700, and including the whole Brunei-Muara District, the metro area has an estimated population of 279,924. The original name for this city was ""Bandar Brunei"" or ""Brunei Town"" in English. In 1967, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Hassanal Bolkiah and took the title of ""Seri Begawan"". Omar was"
"Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah, GCB GCMG (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei. He is also the first and incumbent Prime Minister of Brunei. The eldest son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and ""Raja Isteri"" (Queen) Pengiran Anak Damit, he succeeded to the throne as the Sultan of Brunei, following the abdication of his father on 5 October 1967. Sultan Hassanal was also known as the"
"Sultan's title. Brunei became a fully independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations on January 1, 1984. An entirely new portrait depicting the Sultan facing forward was adopted. The title of the Sultan is now given as ""SULTAN HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH"". Coins of the Brunei dollar The coins of the Brunei dollar are part of the physical form of current Brunei currency, the Brunei dollar. They have changed through time along with Brunei itself. A British protectorate from 1888 until 1983, it is currently an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. The decision was taken to adopt a native"
"Alam Aqamaddin later appealed to the British to stop further encroachment in 1888. In the same year British signed a ""Treaty of Protection"" and made Brunei a British protectorate until 1984 when it gained independence. Bruneian Empire The Bruneian Empire or Empire of Brunei ( ), also known as Sultanate of Brunei or Negara Brunei, was a Malay sultanate, centred in Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo island in Southeast Asia. Bruneian rulers converted to Islam around the 15th century, when it grew substantially since the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese, extending throughout coastal areas of Borneo and"
"House of Bolkiah The House of Bolkiah is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam. It is composed of the descendants of the 1st sultan Sultan Muhammad Shah and his family. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one Sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. The Sultan of Brunei can be thought of as synonymous with the ruling House of Bolkiah, with descendency being traced from"
"Islamic Sultanate of Brunei, while many parts of Mindanao is theorized to be part of the Hindu Majapahit Empire, with its capital being located in East Java in modern-day Indonesia. The advent of colonial rule in the islands marked the beginning of The Philippines as a colony that would later evolved into a country after independence, a collection of Southeast Asian countries united under Spain. Chinese influence has been felt throughout Southeast Asia through trade, even before the colonization of the region; specifically by the Ming dynasty and other earlier dynasties, from as early as the 9th century. But it"
"Brunei and Labuan, Malaysia, including Kuraman island, are contested between Brunei and Malaysia. However, they are internationally recognised as part of the latter. Politics of Brunei The politics of Brunei take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where by the Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government (Prime Minister of Brunei). Executive power is exercised by the government. Brunei has a legislative council with 36 appointed members, that only has consultative tasks. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, is the head of state with"
"including parts of the island of Mindanao. In the 16th century, the Brunei empire's influence extended as far as Kapuas River delta in West Kalimantan. The Malay Sultanate of Sambas in West Kalimantan and Sultanate of Sulu in Southern Philippines in particular developed dynastic relations with the royal house of Brunei. Other Malay sultans of Pontianak, Samarinda as far as Banjarmasin, treated the Sultan of Brunei as their leader. The true nature of Brunei's relations to other Malay Sultanates of coastal Borneo and Sulu archipelago is still a subject of study, as to whether it was a vassalised state, an"
"older Brunei was in existence as far back as 800 years before the founding of Brunei by Sultan Muhammad Shah, the first Sultan of Brunei. Even though some sources stated that the Malays of Brunei came from Yunnan and the Formosa Island (now Taiwan) through to the Philippines and settled on the coastal Borneo before expanding into Sumatra and the other Malay Peninsula as a result of their trading and seafaring way of life, researchers still unable to traced the origin of the old Brunei. As the official Brunei national dish, the ""Ambuyat"" is the main dish of the Bruneian"
"Brunei. Half of Sabah was given as a gift to Sulu by Brunei after the aid given to them. The island group of Palawan was also formerly part of the Empire of Brunei, but was also given to Sulu by Brunei. Muslim populations in southern Palawan are the descendants of the people of the Sultanate of Sulu who once controlled the island group. Brunei once subjugated the Kingdom of Maynila, turning it into the first and only Islamic state in the history of Luzon island. Later, the Spanish Empire subjugated the Philippines, and Brunei's influence to Manila disintegrated. Sulu, being"
"to strengthen the bilateral co-operation of the two countries in the fields of agriculture and farm-related trade and investments. Brunei has been a fully independent member state of the Commonwealth of Nations since 1 January 1984, when it regained independence, having been under British protection and suzerainty since 1888. Brunei is, along with Lesotho, Malaysia, Swaziland, and Tonga, a monarchy with its own monarch, the Sultan of Brunei. Bruneians can take an appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London in civil cases only. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council reports back to the Sultan in"
"Brunei. Hassanal Bolkiah ascended the Throne as the 29th Sultan of Brunei on 5 October 1967 after following the voluntary abdication of his father, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien Saadul Khairi Waddien. The Sultan had celebrated his Silver Jubilee to mark the 25th year of his reign on the Throne on 5 October 1992. In conjunction of his Golden Jubilee celebration, the Sultan declare Thursday, 5th October 2017 to be a public holiday. The Golden Jubilee celebrations of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's Accession to the Throne in October 2017 as follows: All the Golden Jubilee ceremonies were broadcast nationwide by the Radio"
"Brunei Darussalam"". In English the translation of the full title is ""His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah son of the Late Sultan Haji Omar 'Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien, Sultan and State Sovereign of Brunei the Peaceful Abode"". The Sultan received an honorary doctorate at the Moscow State University for International Relations (MGIMO), 2005. He has also been awarded an Honorary Doctor of Law degree from the University of Oxford, England, and an Honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Aberdeen, Scotland. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the Chulalongkorn University of Thailand. In 2003, he"
"and Brunei. The proposal culminated in rebel attacks in Brunei and some parts of Sabah and Sarawak. The rebellion was foiled by the Bruneian Army with the help of the British colonials in December 1962. The Philippines maintains a territorial claim over eastern Sabah (formerly known as North Borneo) based on an agreement signed in 1878 between the Sultan of Sulu and the North Borneo Chartered Company. It maintains the position that the sovereignty of the Sultanate over the territory was not abolished and that North Borneo was only leased to the North Borneo Chartered Company. However, Malaysia considers this"
"Brunei Police Force. He has been awarded: N.B. * ""decoration founded by the sultan on 1 August 1968"" ; ** = ""decoration founded by the sultan on 15 August 1982"" Hassanal Bolkiah Hassanal Bolkiah, GCB GCMG (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei. He is also the first and incumbent Prime Minister of Brunei. The eldest son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III and ""Raja Isteri"" (Queen)"
"this part of Southeast Asia due to their location in strategic shipping lanes. The islands have no indigenous inhabitants, but offer rich fishing grounds and may contain significant oil and natural gas reserves, and as such are important to the claimants in their attempts to establish international boundaries. Some of the islands have civilian settlements, but of the approximately 45 islands, cays, reefs and shoals that are occupied, all contain structures that are occupied by military forces from Malaysia, Taiwan (ROC), China (PRC), the Philippines and Vietnam. Additionally, Brunei has claimed an exclusive economic zone in the southeastern part of"
"Istana Nurul Iman The Istana Nurul Iman (Jawi: ايستان نور الإيمان; English: The Light of Faith Palace) is the official residence of the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, and the seat of the Brunei government. The palace is located on a leafy, riverside sprawl of hills on the banks of the Brunei River, a few kilometres southwest of Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei's capital city. The palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It is considered to be the world's largest private residence in terms of floor area, earning it the title of ""world's largest residential"
"small island just off the coast of Borneo. The sovereign state of Brunei, located on the north coast, comprises about 1% of Borneo's land area. A little more than half of the island is in the Northern Hemisphere including Brunei and the Malaysian portion, while the Indonesian portion spans both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. Borneo is home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world. The island is known by many names. Internationally it is known as ""Borneo"", after Brunei, derived from European contact with the kingdom in the 16th century during the Age of Exploration. The name"
"the administration (after moving twice from Kota Batu and Kampong Ayer). When the Sultanate rule declined through the 18th century due to the arrival of Western powers such as the Spanish, Dutch, and the British, the settlement population decreased from its peak of 20,000 inhabitants. From 1888 until its independence in 1984, Brunei was a British protectorate and land development began in 1906 when the British resident encouraged the Sultanate citizens to moved on a reclaimed land on the western bank of the inlet. In 1899, first oil well was drilled at Ayer Bekunchi near Kampung Kasat, Bandar Seri Begawan."
"that of a British Protectorate, and like Sarawak it expanded at the expense of Brunei. Until the Philippine independence on 1946, seven British-controlled islands in the north-eastern part of Borneo named Turtle Islands and Cagayan de Tawi-Tawi were ceded to the Philippine government by the Crown colony government of North Borneo. The Philippines then under its irredentism motive since the administration of President Diosdado Macapagal laying claim to eastern Sabah in a basis the territory was part of the present-defunct Sultanate of Sulu's territory. In 1888, what was left of Brunei was made a British protectorate, and in 1891 another"
"Borneo Borneo (; , ) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The island is politically divided among three countries: Malaysia and Brunei in the north, and Indonesia to the south. Approximately 73% of the island is Indonesian territory. In the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. Additionally, the Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a"
"state of Brunei. Prior to the ongoing piracy suppression, a major battle with the Illanuns of Moro pirates from the southern Philippines occurred in mid-November 1862. In 1864, the United Kingdom appointed a Consul to Sarawak and recognised the kingdom, while the Netherlands refused recognition. Brooke then expanded his kingdom into territory of Brunei. In 1861, he acquired the vast Rajang River basin, which subsequently became the Third Division. The expansion continued after his death in 1868; when he was succeeded by his nephew, Charles Brooke. Under Charles' administration, the kingdom's economy grew rapidly, especially later on with the discovery"
"Politics of Brunei The politics of Brunei take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where by the Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government (Prime Minister of Brunei). Executive power is exercised by the government. Brunei has a legislative council with 36 appointed members, that only has consultative tasks. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers since 1962. The Sultan's role is enshrined in the national philosophy known as ""Melayu Islam Beraja"" (MIB),"
"to large numbers of Europeans expatriates, due to Royal Dutch Shell and British Army housing, and several recreational facilities are located there. Most of Brunei is within the Borneo lowland rain forests ecoregion, which covers most of the island. Areas of mountain rain forests inland. The climate of Brunei is tropical equatorial. Brunei's political system is governed by the constitution and the national tradition of the Malay Islamic Monarchy, the concept of ""Melayu Islam Beraja"" (MIB). The three components of MIB cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the political framework under the monarchy. It has a legal system based on"
"its continental shelf in its 1979 map. The various disputes were deemed settled by both governments with the signing of the Exchange of Letters on 16 March 2009 in Bandar Seri Begawan by the Sultan of Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah and Malaysian Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. The dispute over Limbang district arose from the annexation of the district by Sarawak's Rajah Charles Brooke in 1890. The ""involuntary cession"" resulted in Brunei being split into two - the main part with three districts (Brunei-Muara, Tutong and Belait) to the west of Limbang, and the Temburong district to the east of Limbang."
"Muhammad Shah of Brunei Muhammad Shah (born Awang Alak Betatar) established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, possibly from 1368 to 1402. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah is unclear, and based on several historical sources and legends. The early life of Muhammad Shah is unknown. The current Sultanate of Brunei was formed by Muhammad Shah, with the help of his brothers Awang Pateh Berbai (also known as Ahmad of Brunei, the third Sultan of Brunei) and Awang Semaun. He ruled from 1368 to his death in 1402. He ruled as Raja Awang Alak Betatar until the early"
"Ganjavi. These are located in various regions and capital of Azerbaijan – the palace of government: Istana Nurul Iman is the world's largest palace and is the official residence of the Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, and the seat of the Brunei government. The palace is located on a leafy sprawl of hills on the banks of the Brunei River, a few kilometres south of Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei's capital. A famed example of Chinese palaces is the Forbidden City: the imperial palace of the Chinese empire from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is"
"also helped to speed the conversion of the general population to Islam. The sultanate was a thalassocracy, a realm based on controlling trade rather than land. Situated in a strategic location between China and the trading networks of southeast Asia, the state served as an entrepot and collected tolls on water traffic. The society was hierarchical, with the sultan serving as the despot. His powers were limited, however, by a council of princes of royal blood. One of the council's duties was to arrange for royal succession. The reign of the fifth sultan, Bolkiah (1485–1521), is often described as Brunei's"
"the first members of the Imperial Household to visit the sultanate. On 9 September 2004, among the royal guests who were invited, Crown Prince Naruhito attended the royal wedding of Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah to Pengiran Anak Sarah at Istana Nurul Iman in Bandar Seri Begawan. On 5 October 2017, on the occasion of the Golden Jubilee of the Sultan of Brunei to the throne, Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko signed the congratulatory book to convey their warmest congratulations to the Sultan. The signing took place at the Brunei Embassy in Tokyo. Several agreements such as the Japan–Brunei Economic Partnership"
"coastline next to the South China Sea, and it shares a border with Malaysia. It has of territorial waters, and a exclusive economic zone. About 97% of the population lives in the larger western part (Belait, Tutong, and Brunei-Muara), while only about 10,000 people live in the mountainous eastern part (Temburong District). The total population of Brunei is approximately 408,000 , of which around 150,000 live in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan. Other major towns are the port town of Muara, the oil-producing town of Seria and its neighbouring town, Kuala Belait. In Belait District, the Panaga area is home"