"by the Italian Republic, after a constitutional referendum was held on 2 June 1946 after the World War II. The Italian monarchy formally ended on 12 June of that year, and Umberto II left the country. Up until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1946, full title of the Kings of Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) was: [Name], ""by the Grace of God and the will of the Nation, King of Italy, King of Sardinia, Cyprus, Jerusalem, Armenia, Duke of Savoy, count of Maurienne, Marquis (of the Holy Roman Empire) in Italy; Prince of Piedmont, Carignano, Oneglia, Poirino, Trino; Prince and"
"King of Italy King of Italy (Latin: ""Rex Italiae""; Italian: ""Re d'Italia"") was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a ""barbarian"" military leader, in the late 5th century, followed by the Ostrogothic kings up to the mid-6th century. With the Frankish conquest of Italy in the 8th century, the Carolingians assumed the title, which was maintained by subsequent Holy Roman Emperors throughout the Middle Ages. The last Emperor to claim the title was Charles V in the 16th century."
"successors claimed the title King of Italy. Charles V was the last emperor to be crowned king of Italy, or to use the title. The Peace of Westphalia, in 1648, formally ended the rule of the Holy Roman Emperors in Italy. However, the empire continued to include some territory in northern Italy, including Tyrol, until its dissolution in 1806. This title is present on Italian laws proclaimed by Napoleon I: [Name]"", by the Grace of God and the Constitutions, Emperor of the French and King of Italy"". Up until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1946, full title of the"
"Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples (Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia; born 12 February 1937) is the only son of Umberto II, the last King of Italy, and his wife, Marie-José of Belgium. Vittorio Emanuele also uses the title Duke of Savoy and claims the headship of the House of Savoy. These claims are disputed by supporters of his third cousin, Amedeo, 5th Duke of Aosta. He has lived for most of his life in self-imposed exile – following the constitutional referendum of 1946"
"Line of succession to the former Italian throne The Italian monarchy was abolished in June 1946 following a referendum which established a republic. The present pretender is in dispute between Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples and Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta. Vittorio Emanuele is the son of the last king, Umberto II and was regarded as the head of the House of Savoy unopposed until 7 July 2006 when the Duke of Aosta declared himself to be the head of the house and Duke of Savoy. The heirs to his claim, in order of succession, are numbered below: The Duke"
"Monarchy of Italy The monarchy of Italy () was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946. After the deposition of the last Western Emperor in 476, Heruli leader Odoacer was appointed ""Dux Italiae"" (""Duke of Italy"") by the reigning Byzantine Emperor Zeno. Later, the Germanic ""foederati,"" the Scirians and the Heruli, as well as a large segment of the Italic Roman army, proclaimed Odoacer ""Rex Italiae"" (""King of Italy""). In 493, the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great killed Odoacer, and set up a new dynasty of"
"Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emmanuel II (; full name: ""Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia""; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia from 1849 until 17 March 1861. At that point, he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of a united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. The Italians gave him the epithet of ""Father of the Fatherland"" (). The monument Altare della Patria (or ""Vittoriano"") in Rome was built in his honor. Victor Emmanuel was born"
"Emperor Charles VI through whom that fragment found its way to Vienna. Odoacer Flavius Odoacer (; c. 433 – 493 AD), also known as Flavius Odovacer or Odovacar (, ), was a Roman and Italian statesmen of ethnic Gothic origin who in 476 became the first King of Italy (476–493). His reign is commonly seen as marking the end of the Western Roman Empire. Odoacer is the earliest ruler of Italy for whom an autograph of any of his legal acts has survived to the current day. Though the real power in Italy was in his hands, he represented himself"
"Odoacer Flavius Odoacer (; c. 433 – 493 AD), also known as Flavius Odovacer or Odovacar (, ), was a Roman and Italian statesmen of ethnic Gothic origin who in 476 became the first King of Italy (476–493). His reign is commonly seen as marking the end of the Western Roman Empire. Odoacer is the earliest ruler of Italy for whom an autograph of any of his legal acts has survived to the current day. Though the real power in Italy was in his hands, he represented himself as the client of the emperor in Constantinople. Odoacer generally used the"
"euros to their cousins and cease their use of the arms of the Royal House and those of the Prince of Piedmont. They were also forbidden to use the name ""di Savoia"", instead they must resume the name ""di Savoia-Aosta"". The Duke of Aosta is appealing the ruling. Line of succession to the former Italian throne The Italian monarchy was abolished in June 1946 following a referendum which established a republic. The present pretender is in dispute between Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples and Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta. Vittorio Emanuele is the son of the last king, Umberto II"
"King of Italy at Milan with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. Emperor Napoleon III chose not to have a coronation ceremony. Nevertheless, a small consort's crown was fabricated for his wife, Empress Eugenie, which remains in the possession of the French government. The last French royal coronation was that of Charles X, in 1825 by Jean-Baptiste de Latil in Rheims cathedral. Charles' decision to be crowned, in contrast to his predecessor, Louis XVIII, proved unpopular with the French public, and Charles was ultimately overthrown in a revolution in 1830. His successor, Louis Philippe, opted not to have a coronation. The"
"Massimo Carminati Massimo Carminati (born May 31, 1958), allegedly nicknamed ""the last king of Rome"", is an Italian underworld figure and former associate of far-right terrorist group ""Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari"" and criminal gang Banda della Magliana, which were at the centre of sensational allegations of state collusion and Masonic conspiracy during Italy's years of lead. Carminati was investigated for match fixing in 2012. In 2014 he was arrested with 36 others on allegations of running a corrupt network that infiltrated Rome's public administration. He was charged with fraud, money laundering, embezzlement, and the bribing of public officials. In 2017, Carminati"
"Lambert of Italy Lambert (c. 880 – 15 October 898) was the King of Italy from 891, Holy Roman Emperor, co-ruling with his father from 892, and Duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Lambert II) from his father's death in 894. He was the son of Guy III of Spoleto and Ageltrude, born in San Rufino. He was the last ruler to issue a capitulary in the Carolingian tradition. Lambert was crowned King in May 891 at Pavia and joint Emperor alongside his father on 30 April 892 at Ravenna by a reluctant Pope Formosus. He and his father signed"
"Novara, Tortona, Bobbio, Soissons, Sant'Antioco, Pollenzo, Roccabruna, Tricerro, Bairo, Ozegna, delle Apertole, Baron of Vaud and of Faucigni, Lord of Vercelli, Pinerolo, of Lomellina, of Valle Sesia, of the Marquisate of Ceva, Overlord of Monaco, Roccabruna and eleven-twelfths of Menton, Noble Patrician of Venice, Patrician of Ferrara."" Monarchy of Italy The monarchy of Italy () was the system of government in which a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946. After the deposition of the last Western Emperor in 476, Heruli leader Odoacer was appointed ""Dux Italiae"" (""Duke of Italy"") by the reigning"
"Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; , ; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. In addition, he held the thrones of Ethiopia and Albania as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–41) and King of the Albanians (1939–43). During his reign of nearly 46 years, which began after the assassination of his father Umberto I, the Kingdom of Italy became involved in two world wars. His reign also encompassed the birth, rise, and fall of Italian Fascism."
"Francis II of the Two Sicilies Francis II (, christened ""Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo""; 16 January 1836 – 27 December 1894) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1859 to 1861. He was the last King of the Two Sicilies, as successive invasions by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia ultimately brought an end to his rule, as part of Italian unification. After he was deposed, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Sardinia were merged into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy. The only son and heir of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies"
"to son. Patrilineal descent is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations, which means that Vittorio Emanuele is a member of the House of Savoy. Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples (Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia; born 12 February 1937) is the only son of Umberto II, the last King of Italy, and his wife, Marie-José of Belgium. Vittorio Emanuele also uses the title Duke of Savoy and claims the headship of the House of"
"rule his own Italian states. The Habsburg rule in Italy came to an end with the campaigns of the French Revolutionaries in 1792–1797, when a series of client republics were set up. In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by the last emperor, Francis II, after its defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. After the Battle of Taginae, in which the Ostrogoth king Totila was killed, the Byzantine general Narses captured Rome and besieged Cumae. Teia, the new Ostrogothic king, gathered the remnants of the Ostrogothic army and marched to relieve the siege, but in October 552"
"Emma of Italy Emma of Italy (""Emma d'Italie""; c. 948 – after 987) was the Queen of Western Francia as the wife of King Lothair, whom she married in 965. Their son, Louis V, was the last Carolingian King. Born around 948, Emma was the only child of Lothair II of Italy and Queen Adelaide of Italy. Her father was poisoned in 950 by his political rival, Berengar of Ivrea. Berengar attempted to marry Emma’s mother, who had a claim to the kingdom, to his own son; she defied him, however, and married the German king Otto I, Holy Roman"
"Teia Teia (died 552 or 553), also known as Teja, Theia, Thila, Thela, Teias, was the last Ostrogothic king in Italy. Apparently a military officer serving under Totila, Teia was chosen as his successor and raised over a shield after Totila was killed in the Battle of Taginae (also known as the ""Battle of Busta Gallorum"") in July 552. On his way fleeing to southern Italy, he gathered support from prominent figures within Totila's armies, including Scipuar, Gundulf (Indulf), Gibal and Ragnaris, to make his last stand against the Byzantine eunuch general Narses at the Battle of Mons Lactarius, south"
"of the Public Prosecutor's Office in Potenza, Italy, Vittorio Emanuele was arrested on charges of criminal association, corruption and exploitation of prostitution. A trial on these charges began in Potenza, Italy on 21 December 2009. Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia was acquitted of all charges in 2007 and 2010. Vittorio Emanuele was born 12 February 1937 in Naples to Umberto, Prince of Piedmont, who would later become the last King of Italy as Umberto II, and Princess Marie-José of Belgium. When Umberto II left Italy after the monarchy was abolished by the Italian constitutional referendum, 1946, the remaining members of the"
"during his absence from the island (he had left the island looking for a job). When Mariangela died April 6, 1934, it was reported that Italy would inherit the kingdom. Son of Carlo I and Maddalena Favale, born 1897. Married 1930 to Italia Murru and initiated a renaissance of the monarchy. Appointed his cousin Prince Ernesto Carlo Geremia as Lieutenant General of the Kingdom. After Paolo's death Dec 2, 1962, the widowed Queen Italia Murru retired to Porto San Paolo on Sardinia, wintering at Capo Testa, until her death in 2003 at age 95. Paolo II was the last to"
"Ostrogothic Kingdom The Ostrogothic Kingdom, officially the Kingdom of Italy (Latin: ""Regnum Italiae""), was established by the Ostrogoths in Italy and neighbouring areas from 493 to 553. In Italy the Ostrogoths, led by Theoderic the Great, killed and replaced Odoacer, a Germanic soldier, erstwhile-leader of the ""foederati"" in Northern Italy, and the ""de facto"" ruler of Italy, who had deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustulus, in 476. Under Theoderic, its first king, the Ostrogothic kingdom reached its zenith, stretching from modern France in the west into modern Serbia in the southeast. Most of the social"
"title ""king of the Lombards"". After the death of Charles III the Fat in 887, Italy fell into instability and a number of kings attempted to establish themselves as independent Italian monarchs. During this period, known as the Feudal Anarchy (888–962), the title ""Rex Italicorum"" (""King of the Italians"" or ""King of the Italics"") was introduced. After the breakup of the Frankish empire, Otto I added Italy to the Holy Roman Empire and continued the use of the title ""Rex Italicorum"". The last to use this title was Henry II (1004–1024). Subsequent emperors used the title ""king of Italy"" until"
"of the Italians"" or ""King of the Italics"") was introduced. After the breakup of the Frankish empire, Otto I added Italy to the Holy Roman Empire and continued the use of the title ""Rex Italicorum"". The last to use this title was Henry II (1004-1024). Subsequent emperors used the title ""King of Italy"" until Charles V. At first they were crowned in Pavia, later Milan, and Charles was crowned in Bologna. In 1805, Napoleon I was crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at the Milan Cathedral. The next year, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II abdicated his imperial title. From"
"kings to have been abolished but the last king's heir continues to award them. The Italian situation differs from that in Portugal in that Italy forbids the public wearing of the former royal orders in Italy. Nevertheless, the last Italian Crown Prince Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia widely distributes the orders that he claims to have inherited from his father. As is the situation in Portugal, the Italian pretender asserts that control of the Savoy dynastic orders exists separate from the Kingdom of Italy so that he retains the right to award the orders, and accompanying privileges, despite his recognition that"
"Louis II of Italy Louis II, sometimes called the Younger (825 – 12 August 875), was the King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 844, co-ruling with his father Lothair I until 855, after which he ruled alone. Louis's usual title was ""imperator augustus"" (""august emperor""), but he used ""imperator Romanorum"" (""emperor of the Romans"") after his conquest of Bari in 871, which led to poor relations with the Eastern Roman Empire. He was called ""imperator Italiae"" (""emperor of Italy"") in West Francia while the Byzantines called him ""Basileus Phrangias"" (""emperor of Francia""). The chronicler Andreas of Bergamo, who"
"Princess Yolanda of Savoy Princess Yolanda of Savoy (1 June 1901 – 16 October 1986) was the eldest daughter of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and, the last king of Italy. She was born Principessa Iolanda Margherita Milena Elisabetta Romana Maria di Savoia () in Rome, Italy. As a young woman she was a great sportswoman, particularly interested in swimming and riding. After her marriage Yolanda lived in the town of Pinerolo, southwest of Turin. In 1946, Yolanda and her family went into voluntary exile with her father in Alexandria, Egypt. After King Victor Emmanuel's death, Yolanda and her"
"Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) The Kingdom of Italy (; ) was a French client state founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I, fully influenced by revolutionary France, that ended with his defeat and fall. Formally in personal union with the French Empire, with Napoleon I reigning as its king throughout its existence, direct governance was conducted by Napoleon's step-son, Eugène de Beauharnais, who served as Viceroy for his step-father. The Kingdom of Italy was born on March 17, 1805, when the Italian Republic, whose president was Napoleon Bonaparte, became the ""Kingdom of Italy"", with the same man (now styled Napoleon"
"Umberto I of Italy Umberto I (; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900), nicknamed ""the Good"" (Italian: ""il Buono""), was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination on 29 July 1900. Umberto's reign saw Italy attempt colonial expansion into the Horn of Africa, successfully gaining Eritrea and Somalia despite being defeated by Abyssinia at the Battle of Adowa in 1896. In 1882, he approved the Triple Alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. He was deeply loathed in leftist circles because of his conservatism and support of the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan. He was especially"
"Alcide De Gasperi Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party. From 1945 to 1953, De Gasperi was the Prime Minister of Italy, leading eight successive coalition governments. He was the last Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy, serving under both King Victor Emmanuel III and King Umberto II. His eight-year term in office remains a landmark of political longevity for a leader in modern Italian politics. De Gasperi is the fifth longest-serving Prime Minister since the Italian Unification. A Catholic, he was one"
"foreigner nor a Milanese. Then what are you?' they asked. 'I am an Italian,' he explained."" The Habsburg rule in Italy came to an end with the campaigns of the French Revolutionaries in 1792–97, when a series of client republics were set up. In 1806, the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by the last emperor, Francis II, after its defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars destroyed the old structures of feudalism in Italy and introduced modern ideas and efficient legal authority; it provided much of the intellectual force and social"
"sources, although it was never truly used as a personal name. The last emperor to take the name was eastern emperor Constantine IV, during the seventh century. After the name fell into disuse among the Byzantine emperors, it was used as a title of legitimacy among the barbarian rulers of former Roman provinces, such as Spain, where the Visigoths and their Spanish successors used the title ""Emperor of All Spain"", and the kings of the barbarian successor kingdoms of Italy, such as the Ostrogoths and the Lombards also used it, with a special meaning as the ""protector"" of the Italian"