"sculpture. Challenged in finding an appropriate representation of Balzac given the author's rotund physique, Rodin produced many studies: portraits, full-length figures in the nude, wearing a frock coat, or in a robe – a replica of which Rodin had requested. The realized sculpture displays Balzac cloaked in the drapery, looking forcefully into the distance with deeply gouged features. Rodin's intent had been to show Balzac at the moment of conceiving a work – to express courage, labor, and struggle. When ""Balzac"" was exhibited in 1898, the negative reaction was not surprising. The ""Société"" rejected the work, and the press ran"
"Monument to Balzac Monument to Balzac is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin in memory of the French novelist Honoré Balzac. According to Rodin, the sculpture aims to portray the writer's persona rather than a physical likeness. The work was commissioned in 1891 by the Société des Gens de Lettres, a full-size plaster model was displayed in 1898 at a Salon in Champ de Mars. After coming under criticism the model was rejected by the société and Rodin moved it to his home in Meudon. On July 2, 1939 (22 years after the sculptor's death) the model was cast in bronze"
"backlash against the rejection along with a petition signed by supporters in the artistic community proceeded, yet in the end, Rodin decidedly declined any bids for the work and placed the plaster artwork in his home at Meudon. Monument to Balzac Monument to Balzac is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin in memory of the French novelist Honoré Balzac. According to Rodin, the sculpture aims to portray the writer's persona rather than a physical likeness. The work was commissioned in 1891 by the Société des Gens de Lettres, a full-size plaster model was displayed in 1898 at a Salon in Champ"
"entrusted by her family with upkeeping his memory. Judith Cladel is the author of two biographical works about the life and work of her father. Her next biographies focused on the sculptor, Auguste Rodin. Her biography ""Rodin, sa vie glorieuse, sa vie inconnue"" is her best known work and was considered the authoritative biography of the sculptor for over 50 years. She played a key role in the founding of the Musée Rodin in 1916. Judith Cladel Judith Cladel, (March 25, 1873 – January 29, 1958) was a French playwright, novelist, biographer and journalist. Born and lived in Paris, she"
"Auguste Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917), known as Auguste Rodin (; ), was a French sculptor. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past. He was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman-like approach to his work, and desired academic recognition, although he was never accepted into Paris's foremost school of art. Rodin possessed a unique ability to model a complex, turbulent, deeply pocketed surface in clay. Many of his most notable sculptures were criticized during his lifetime. They clashed with predominant figurative"
"respected during the French Third Republic. The longest boulevard in Paris, in the 7th, 6th and 14th arrondissements, was named Boulevard Raspail in his honor, after which the Raspail Métro station takes its name. François-Vincent Raspail François-Vincent Raspail, L.L.D., M.D. (25 January 1794 – 7 January 1878) was a French chemist, naturalist, physician, physiologist, attorney, and socialist politician. Raspail was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. A member of the republican Carbonari society, Raspail was imprisoned during Louis Philippe's reign (1830–1848) and was a candidate for presidency of the Second Republic in December 1848. However, he was then involved in the attempted"
"""the greatest phenomenon amongst sculptors."" Other sculptors whose work has been described as owing to Rodin include Joseph Csaky, Alexander Archipenko, Joseph Bernard, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, Georg Kolbe, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Jacques Lipchitz, Pablo Picasso, Adolfo Wildt, and Ossip Zadkine. Henry Moore acknowledged Rodin's seminal influence on his work. Several films have been made featuring Rodin as a prominent character or presence. These include ""Camille Claudel"", a 1988 film in which Gérard Depardieu portrays Rodin, ""Camille Claudel 1915"" from 2013, and ""Rodin"", a 2017 film starring Vincent Lindon as Rodin. In 2011 the world premiere of Boris Eifman's new ballet ""Rodin"" took"
"Raymond Roussel Raymond Roussel (; January 20, 1877 – July 14, 1933) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, musician, and chess enthusiast. Through his novels, poems, and plays he exerted a profound influence on certain groups within 20th century French literature, including the Surrealists, Oulipo, and the authors of the nouveau roman. Roussel was born in Paris, the third and last child in his family, with a brother Georges and sister Germaine. In 1893, at age 15, he was admitted to the Paris Conservatoire for piano. A year later, he inherited a substantial fortune from his deceased father and began"
"Apollo in 1975). Roussel (or a version of him) is a major character in the novel ""The Vorrh"" by B. Catling. Raymond Roussel Raymond Roussel (; January 20, 1877 – July 14, 1933) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, musician, and chess enthusiast. Through his novels, poems, and plays he exerted a profound influence on certain groups within 20th century French literature, including the Surrealists, Oulipo, and the authors of the nouveau roman. Roussel was born in Paris, the third and last child in his family, with a brother Georges and sister Germaine. In 1893, at age 15, he was"
"Romain Rolland Romain Rolland (; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 ""as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"". He is also noted for his correspondence with and influence on Sigmund Freud. Rolland was born in Clamecy, Nièvre into a family that had both wealthy townspeople and farmers in its lineage. Writing introspectively in his ""Voyage intérieur"" (1942),"
"York. Art critics concerned about authenticity have argued that taking a cast does not equal reproducing a Rodin sculpture – especially given the importance of surface treatment in Rodin's work. A number of drawings, previously attributed to Rodin, are now known to have been forged by Ernest Durig. Auguste Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (12 November 1840 – 17 November 1917), known as Auguste Rodin (; ), was a French sculptor. Although Rodin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past. He was schooled traditionally, took a craftsman-like approach to"
"Honoré de Balzac Honoré de Balzac (; , born Honoré Balzac, 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence ""La Comédie humaine"", which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is generally viewed as his ""magnum opus"". Owing to his keen observation of detail and unfiltered representation of society, Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of realism in European literature. He is renowned for his multi-faceted characters; even his lesser characters are complex, morally ambiguous and fully human. Inanimate objects are imbued with character as well; the city of Paris,"
"Camille Claudel Camille Claudel (; 8 December 1864 19 October 1943) was a French sculptor. Although she died in relative obscurity, Claudel has gained recognition for the originality of her work. She was the elder sister of the poet and diplomat Paul Claudel and the co-worker and lover of sculptor Auguste Rodin. The national Camille Claudel Museum in Nogent-sur-Seine opened in 2017, and the Musée Rodin in Paris has a room dedicated to Claudel's works. Camille Claudel was born in Fère-en-Tardenois, Aisne, in northern France, the second child of a family of farmers and gentry. Her father, Louis-Prosper Claudel, dealt"
"Jean Racine Jean Racine (), baptismal name Jean-Baptiste Racine (22 December 163921 April 1699), was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France (along with Molière and Corneille), and an important literary figure in the Western tradition. Racine was primarily a tragedian, producing such ""examples of neoclassical perfection"" as ""Phèdre"", ""Andromaque"", and ""Athalie"", although he did write one comedy, ""Les Plaideurs"", and a muted tragedy, ""Esther"", for the young. Racine's plays displayed his mastery of the dodecasyllabic alexandrine; he is renowned for elegance, purity, speed, and fury, and for what Robert Lowell described as a ""diamond-edge"","
"Jean Raspail Jean Raspail (born 5 July 1925) is a French author, traveler and explorer. Many of his books are about historical figures, exploration and indigenous peoples. He is a recipient of the prestigious French literary awards Grand Prix du Roman and Grand Prix de littérature by the Académie française. Internationally, he is best known for his controversial 1973 novel ""The Camp of the Saints"", which is about mass third-world immigration to Europe. Born on 5 July 1925 in Chemillé-sur-Dême, Indre-et-Loire, Jean Raspail is the son of factory manager Octave Raspail and Marguerite Chaix. He attended private Catholic school at"
"Rudier, signed) has a high estimate of $75,000. In 2011 world premiere of Boris Eifman's new ballet ""Rodin"" took place in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The ballet is dedicated to the life and creative work sculptor Auguste Rodin and his apprentice, lover and muse, Camille Claudel. In 2012, the world premiere of the play ""Camille Claudel"" took place. Written, performed and directed by Gaël Le Cornec, premiered at the Pleasance Courtyard Edinburgh Festival, the play looks at the relationship of master and muse under the perspective of Camille at different stages of her life. Camille Claudel Camille Claudel (; 8 December 1864"
"Victor Hugo Victor Marie Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Hugo is considered to be one of the greatest and best-known French writers. Outside of France, his most famous works are the novels ""Les Misérables"", 1862, and ""The Hunchback of Notre-Dame"" (), 1831. In France, Hugo is known primarily for his poetry collections, such as (""The Contemplations"") and (""The Legend of the Ages""). Hugo was at the forefront of the Romantic literary movement with his play ""Cromwell"" and drama ""Hernani"". Many of his works have inspired"
"1871. The theatre opened in 1905. On the first floor of the façade are statues which represent the performing arts subjects of Poetry, Comedy, Dance and Music. Directly in front of the town hall is a bronze cast of ""Les Bourgeois de Calais"" (""The Burghers of Calais""), a sculpture by Auguste Rodin to commemorate six men who were to have been executed by Edward III in 1347. The cast was erected in 1895, funded by a public grant of 10,000 francs. Rodin (who based his design on a fourteenth-century account by Jean Froissart) intended to evoke the viewer's sympathy by"
"outside the fine arts as symbols of human emotion and character. To honor Rodin's artistic legacy, the Google search engine homepage displayed a Google Doodle featuring ""The Thinker"" to celebrate his 172nd birthday on 12 November 2012. Rodin had enormous artistic influence. A whole generation of sculptors studied in his workshop. These include Gutzon Borglum, Antoine Bourdelle, Constantin Brancusi, Camille Claudel, Charles Despiau, Malvina Hoffman, Carl Milles, François Pompon, Rodo, Gustav Vigeland, and Clara Westhoff, even though Brancusi later rejected his legacy. Rodin also promoted the work of other sculptors, including Aristide Maillol and Ivan Meštrović whom Rodin once called"
"an issue of his work in London in 1723. Jean-Baptiste Rousseau Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (6 April 1671 – 17 March 1741) was a French playwright and poet, particularly noted for his cynical epigrams. Rousseau was born in Paris, the son of a shoemaker, and was well educated. As a young man, he gained favour with Boileau, who encouraged him to write. Rousseau began with the theatre, for which he had no aptitude. A one-act comedy, ""Le Café"", failed in 1694, and he was not much happier with a more ambitious play, ""Le Flatteur"" (1696), or with the opera ""Venus et Adonis"""
"one of the founders of the Societé as well as the second president of the organization. Upon his death in 1850 interest in creating a statue to commemorate the writer quickly developed under the leadership of Alexandre Dumas, père. Instead of the designated eighteen-month period of time, Rodin employed a lengthy seven years to finish the work. Rodin became infatuated with the literature of his subject as well as researched the character and personality of Balzac, similar to the writer's own approach to character development. In preparation for the sculpture, Rodin read the author's works as well as traveled numerous"
"Breton who referenced him in his 1924 “Surrealist Manifesto”. René Magritte named of his paintings “Gaspard de la nuit”, as it was inspired by the poem “Le Maçon”. Maurice Ravel set to music some of his poems and “Gaspard de la nuit”. Since 1922, there is an Aloysius Bertrand street in Dijon. Aloysius Bertrand Louis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand, better known by his pen name Aloysius Bertrand (20 April 1807 — 29 April 1841), was a French Romantic poet, playwright and journalist. He is famous for having introduced prose poetry in French literature, and is considered a forerunner of the Symbolist"
"where it now rests on a much lower base. Under French law no more than twelve original casts of works of Rodin may be made. The first cast of the group of six figures, cast in 1895 still stands in Calais. Other original casts stand at: Copies of individual statues are: The Burghers of Calais Les Bourgeois de Calais is one of the most famous sculptures by Auguste Rodin. It commemorates an event stated to have occurred during the Hundred Years' War, when Calais, a French port on the English Channel, was under siege by the English for about eleven"
"lived in New York City at the Waldorf Astoria. Jean-Pierre Aumont relates in his work ""Le Soleil et les Ombres"" (Robert Laffont, 1976) the luxury in which he lived, as well as his general lack of interest in the war. He is buried in the Cimetière de Passy in Paris. Henri Bernstein Henri-Léon-Gustave-Charles Bernstein (20 June 1876 in Paris – 27 November 1953 in Paris) was a French playwright associated with Boulevard theatre. Bernstein was born in Paris. His earliest plays, including ""La Rafale"" (1905), ""Le Voleur"" (1907), ""Samson"" (1908), ""Israël"" (1908), and ""Le Secret"" (1913), are written in a"
"Arthur Rimbaud Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (, ; ; 20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet who is known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism. Born in Charleville-Mézières, he started writing at a very young age and excelled as a student, but abandoned his formal education in his teenage years to run away from home to Paris amidst the Franco-Prussian War. During his late adolescence and early adulthood he began the bulk of his literary output, then completely stopped writing at the age of 21, after assembling one of his major"
"The house is now a heritage site and a museum of Rostand's life and Basque architecture and crafts. Rostand died in 1918, a victim of the flu pandemic, and is buried in the Cimetière de Marseille. Edmond Rostand Edmond Eugène Alexis Rostand (; 1 April 1868 – 2 December 1918) was a French poet and dramatist. He is associated with neo-romanticism and is known best for his play ""Cyrano de Bergerac"". Rostand's romantic plays contrasted with the naturalistic theatre popular during the late nineteenth century. Another of Rostand's works, ""Les Romanesques"", was adapted to the musical comedy ""The Fantasticks"". Rostand"
"came from private commissions. In 1883, Rodin agreed to supervise a course for sculptor Alfred Boucher in his absence, where he met the 18-year-old Camille Claudel. The two formed a passionate but stormy relationship and influenced each other artistically. Claudel inspired Rodin as a model for many of his figures, and she was a talented sculptor, assisting him on commissions. Although busy with ""The Gates of Hell"", Rodin won other commissions. He pursued an opportunity to create a historical monument for the town of Calais. For a monument to French author Honoré de Balzac, Rodin was chosen in 1891. His"
"Jacques Pradon Jacques Pradon, often called Nicolas Pradon (1632 – 14 January 1698), was a French playwright. Early in his career, he was helped by Pierre Corneille and was introduced to the salons at the Hôtel de Nevers and the Hôtel de Bouillon by Madame Deshoulières. Pradon was born in Rouen and is the author of eight tragedies: ""Pyrame et Thisbé"" (1674) (see Pyramus and Thisbe), ""Tamerlan, ou la mort de Bajazet"" (1676), ""Phèdre et Hippolyte"" (1677), ""La Troade"" (1679), ""Statira"" (1680), ""Regulus"" (1688), ""Germanicus"" (1694) and ""Scipion"" (1697). His plays enjoyed a certain limited success, but were severely judged"
"Aloysius Bertrand Louis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand, better known by his pen name Aloysius Bertrand (20 April 1807 — 29 April 1841), was a French Romantic poet, playwright and journalist. He is famous for having introduced prose poetry in French literature, and is considered a forerunner of the Symbolist movement. His masterpiece is the collection of prose poems ""Gaspard de la Nuit"" published posthumously in 1842; three of its poems were adapted to a homonymous piano suite by Maurice Ravel in 1908. Born in Ceva on 20 April 1807, Louis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand was the son of Georges and Laure (or"
"Édouard Rod Édouard Rod (March 31, 1857–January 29, 1910) was a French-Swiss novelist. He was born at Nyon, in Switzerland, studied at Lausanne, where he wrote his doctoral thesis about the Oedipus legend (""Le développement de la légende d'Œdipe dans l'histoire de la littérature""), and Berlin, and in 1878 found his way to Paris. In 1881 he dedicated his novel, ""Palmyre Veulard"", to Zola, of whom he was at this period of his career a faithful disciple. A series of novels of similar tendency followed. In 1884 he became editor of the Revue contemporaine, and in 1887 succeeded Marc Monnier"
"conventional expectations. Commenting on Rodin's monument to Victor Hugo, ""The Times"" in 1909 expressed that ""there is some show of reason in the complaint that [Rodin's] conceptions are sometimes unsuited to his medium, and that in such cases they overstrain his vast technical powers"". The 1897 plaster model was not cast in bronze until 1964. The ""Société des Gens des Lettres"", a Parisian organization of writers, planned a monument to French novelist Honoré de Balzac immediately after his death in 1850. The society commissioned Rodin to create the memorial in 1891, and Rodin spent years developing the concept for his"
"piece, by opposition with Euripide, Sénèque and Racine's versions. Jacques Pradon Jacques Pradon, often called Nicolas Pradon (1632 – 14 January 1698), was a French playwright. Early in his career, he was helped by Pierre Corneille and was introduced to the salons at the Hôtel de Nevers and the Hôtel de Bouillon by Madame Deshoulières. Pradon was born in Rouen and is the author of eight tragedies: ""Pyrame et Thisbé"" (1674) (see Pyramus and Thisbe), ""Tamerlan, ou la mort de Bajazet"" (1676), ""Phèdre et Hippolyte"" (1677), ""La Troade"" (1679), ""Statira"" (1680), ""Regulus"" (1688), ""Germanicus"" (1694) and ""Scipion"" (1697). His plays"
"Rodin's first big successes, and exhibited on several occasions between 1871 and 1884 and in several formats, including marble and terracotta. There are several versions of this work by Auguste Rodin. Two of them are in exhibition at the Soumaya Museum in Mexico City. Alsatian Orphan The Alsatian Orphan / L'Orpheline Alsacienne is a sculpture made by the French artist Auguste Rodin (1840-1917). In the beginning of his career, Rodin made decorative pieces. This piece was created during this phase. This bust represents a girl with her head slightly bent to the side. Her childish face expresses a soft melancholy."