"For instance, the international code has only two symbols, dots and dashes, but the American code has several lengths of dash. There is a distinction between ""L"" () and ""T"" (). Also, in the international code the space between symbols within a character is always the same, but American Morse has two different spaces. The letters ""S"" (), ""C"" (), and ""R"" () all consist of three dots, but the timing is different in each case. A frequently quoted, but possibly apocryphal, story from the historical period concerns the similarity of ""L"" and ""T"" in the American code. A company"
"applications. Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code"
"Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission."
"Three Dot Dash is a mash-up of Morse code, used by telegraphs, and the two-fingered ""V"" gesture that has come to be known as the peace sign. In Morse code, ""V"" is •••– Inspired by the late 13-year-old poet Mattie Stepanek, Three Dot Dash is a yearlong leadership and mentoring program that teaches teen leaders how to effectively ""tell their stories"" during the Just Peace Summit using various forms of media, current technology and distribution methods to gain media attention and public support for their causes. Three Dot Dash creates a sustainable worldwide network of individuals, corporations and nonprofit organizations"
"Telegraph code A telegraph code is one of the character encodings used to transmit information through telegraphy machines. The most famous such code is Morse code. Morse code can be transmitted and received with very simple electrical equipment, such as the electrical telegraph invented in 1816. Morse code represents each letter of the alphabet as a series of ""dots and dashes"" (short and long bursts of electronically-generated noise). The speed of sending is directly related to the length of the shortest (dot) element: a dash is three dots long, an inter-character gap is the same length (3 dots), and inter-word"
"most common letter in English, the letter ""E"", has the shortest code: a single dot. Because the Morse code elements are specified by proportion rather than specific time durations, the code is usually transmitted at the highest rate that the receiver is capable of decoding. The Morse code transmission rate (""speed"") is specified in ""groups per minute"", commonly referred to as ""words per minute"". Morse code is usually transmitted by on-off keying of an information carrying medium such as electric current, radio waves, visible light or sound waves. The current or wave is present during time period of the dot"
"in Morse code format, would normally be written something like this, where – represents dahs and · represents dits: Next is the exact conventional timing for this phrase, with = representing ""signal on"", and . representing ""signal off"", each for the time length of exactly one dit: Morse code is often spoken or written with ""dah"" for dashes, ""dit"" for dots located at the end of a character, and ""di"" for dots located at the beginning or internally within the character. Thus, the following Morse code sequence: is orally: ""Dah-dah dah-dah-dah di-dah-dit di-di-dit dit, Dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-dah dah-di-dit dit"". There is"
"receiving Morse code when it is taught as a language that is heard, instead of one read from a page. To reflect the sounds of Morse code receivers, the operators began to vocalize a dot as ""dit"", and a dash as ""dah"". Dots which are not the final element of a character became vocalized as ""di"". For example, the letter ""c"" was then vocalized as ""dah-di-dah-dit"". Morse code was sometimes facetiously known as ""iddy-umpty"", and a dash as ""umpty"", leading to the word ""umpteen"". The Morse code, as it is used internationally today, was derived from a much refined proposal"
"only. To station S1 from station S2. Roger (R) Thank you (TU) see you again (CUAGN) Best regards (73) To station S1 from station S2: Signing off. In International Morse code there is no ""distinct"" dot-dash sequence defined only for the mathematical equal sign [=]; rather the same code (""–···–"" or ""dah di di di dah"") is shared by ""double hyphen"" [=] and the procedural sign for ""section separator"" notated as . It is fairly common in the ""Recommended International Morse Code"" for punctuation codes to be shared with prosigns. For example, the code for plus or cross [+] is"
"and became effective on 1 July 1908. ' remained the maritime radio distress signal until 1999, when it was replaced by the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. ' is still recognized as a standard distress signal that may be used with any signaling method. The distress signal is a continuous sequence of three dots, three dashes, and three dots, with no spaces between the letters (notated by the overscore). In International Morse Code, three dots form the letter ""S"", and three dashes make the letter ""O"", so """"S O S"""" became a way to remember the order of the"
"Morse is dah-dah-di-dah, which can be memorized by the phrase ""God save the Queen"", and the Morse for ""F"" is di-di-dah-dit, which can be memorized as ""Did she like it."" A well-known Morse code rhythm from the Second World War period derives from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the opening phrase of which was regularly played at the beginning of BBC broadcasts. The timing of the notes corresponds to the Morse for ""V"", di-di-di-dah, understood as ""V for Victory"" (as well as the Roman numeral for the number five). Prosigns for Morse code are special (usually) unwritten procedural signals or symbols that"
"Braille pattern dots-2 The Braille pattern dots-2 ( ) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle-left dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with its mid-high left dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2802, and in Braille ASCII with the number ""1"". In unified international braille, the braille pattern dots-2 is used to represent a comma or other non-letter symbol or semi-letter. Related to Braille pattern dots-2 are Braille patterns 27, 28, and 278, which are used in 8-dot braille systems, such as Gardner-Salinas and Luxembourgish Braille. In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot"
"a heliograph, a common flashlight, or even a car horn. Some mine rescues have used pulling on a rope - a short pull for a dot and a long pull for a dash. Morse code is transmitted using just two states (on and off). Historians have called it the first digital code. Morse code may be represented as a binary code, and that is what telegraph operators do when transmitting messages. Working from the above ITU definition and further defining a bit as a dot time, a Morse code sequence may be made from a combination of the following five-bit"
"or dash and absent during the time between dots and dashes. Morse code can be memorized, and Morse code signalling in a form perceptible to the human senses, such as sound waves or visible light, can be directly interpreted by persons trained in the skill. Because many non-English natural languages use other than the 26 Roman letters, Morse alphabets have been developed for those languages. In an emergency, Morse code can be generated by improvised methods such as turning a light on and off, tapping on an object or sounding a horn or whistle, making it one of the simplest"
"persuaded that they could create a viable product. Woodland took some stock market earnings, quit his teaching job and moved to his grandfather's Florida apartment. While at the beach, Woodland again considered the problem, recalling, from his Boy Scout training, how Morse code dots and dashes are used to send information electronically. He drew dots and dashes in the sand similar to the shapes used in Morse code. After pulling them downward with his fingers, producing thin lines resulting from the dots and thick lines from the dashes, he came up with the concept of a two-dimensional, linear Morse code,"
"The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash within a character is followed by period of signal absence, called a ""space"", equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space of duration equal to three dots, and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. To increase the efficiency of encoding, Morse code was designed so that the length of each symbol is approximately inverse to the frequency of occurrence in text of the English language character that it represents. Thus the"
"little point in learning to read Morse as above; rather, the of all of the letters and symbols need to be learned, for both sending and receiving. All Morse code elements depend on the dot length. A dash is the length of 3 dots, and spacings are specified in number of dot lengths. An unambiguous method of specifying the transmission speed is to specify the dot duration as, for example, 50 milliseconds. Specifying the dot duration is, however, not the common practice. Usually, speeds are stated in words per minute. That introduces ambiguity because words have different numbers of characters,"
"Russian Morse code The Russian Morse code approximates the Morse code for the Latin alphabet. It was enacted by the Russian government in 1856. To memorize the codes, mnemonics are used, called ""melodies"" (напевы). A ""melody"" for a morse code for a character is a phrase which is sung (hence the name): the syllables with vowels а, о, ы correspond to dashes and sung long, the other syllables and the syllable ""ай"" correspond to dots and sung short. The ""melodies"" differ among various schools. The correspondence between the Cyrillic and Latin letters was later passed on into MTK-2 and subsequently"
"thus determines the dot length. It is common to assume that a word is 5 characters long. There are two common typical words: ""PARIS"" and ""CODEX"". PARIS mimics a word rate that is typical of natural language words and reflects the benefits of Morse code's shorter code durations for common characters such as ""e"" and ""t"". CODEX offers a word rate that is typical of 5-letter code groups (sequences of random letters). Using the word PARIS as a standard, the number of dot units is 50 and a simple calculation shows that the dot length at 20 words per minute"
"Morse code for non-Latin alphabets This is a summary of the use of Morse code to represent alphabets other than Latin. The Greek Morse code alphabet is very similar to the Latin alphabet. It uses one extra letter for Greek letter ""Χ"" and does not use the codes for Latin letters ""J"", ""U"" and ""V"". The ""tonos"" is not transmitted in Morse code; the receiver can simply infer which vowels require one. The ""Greek diphthongs"" presented in the bottom three rows of the table are specified in old Greek Morse-code tables but they are never used in actual communication, the"
"were also published in ""QST"", Another example occurred in 1966 when prisoner of war Jeremiah Denton, brought on television by his North Vietnamese captors, Morse-blinked the word ""TORTURE"". In these two cases, interpreters were available to understand those series of eye-blinks. International Morse code is composed of five elements: Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, a radio signal with short and long tones, or as a mechanical, audible, or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light) using devices like an Aldis lamp or"
"KOI-7 and KOI-8. Russian Morse code The Russian Morse code approximates the Morse code for the Latin alphabet. It was enacted by the Russian government in 1856. To memorize the codes, mnemonics are used, called ""melodies"" (напевы). A ""melody"" for a morse code for a character is a phrase which is sung (hence the name): the syllables with vowels а, о, ы correspond to dashes and sung long, the other syllables and the syllable ""ай"" correspond to dots and sung short. The ""melodies"" differ among various schools. The correspondence between the Cyrillic and Latin letters was later passed on into"
"was later made the standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Morse's original code specification, largely limited to use in the United States and Canada, became known as American Morse code or ""railroad code"". American Morse code is now seldom used except in historical re-enactments. In aviation, pilots use radio navigation aids. To ensure that the stations the pilots are using are serviceable, the stations transmit a set of identification letters (usually a two-to-five-letter version of the station name) in Morse code. Station identification letters are shown on air navigation charts. For example, the VOR-DME based at Vilo Acuña Airport"
"dots and dashes. In modern terminology, is a Morse ""procedural signal"" or """"prosign"""", and the formal way to write it is with a bar above the letters or enclosed in angle brackets: or <SOS>. In popular usage, ' became associated with such phrases as """"Save our Souls"""" and """"Save our Ship"""". ' is only one of several ways that the combination could have been written; for example, ', ', ', or ' all produce exactly the same sound; is just the easiest to remember. The use of the ' signal was first introduced in Germany as part of a set"
"rendering of the Syriac text. Character encoding generally treats the umlaut and the diaeresis as the same diacritic mark. If letters with double dots are not present on the keyboard (or if they are not recognized by the operating system), there are a number of ways to input them into a computer system. On Windows when using Microsoft Word or Outlook, a letter with double dots can be produced by pressing ""Ctrl-Shift-:"", then the letter. In some Linux desktop environments, a letter with double dots can be produced by pressing ""AltGr-Shift-:"", then the letter Using Mac OS or OS X,"
"encoded the same way (A, O, E, I, T, M, N, R, K, etc.). Bulgarian alphabet contains 30 characters, which exactly match all possible combinations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 dots and dashes. Russian requires 1 extra character, ""Ы"" which is encoded with 5 elements. During early World War I (1914–1916), Germany briefly experimented with 'dotty' and 'dashy' Morse, in essence adding a dot or a dash at the end of each Morse symbol. Each one was quickly broken by Allied SIGINT, and standard Morse was restored by Spring 1916. Only a small percentage of Western Front (North Atlantic"
"strings: Note that the marks and gaps alternate: dots and dashes are always separated by one of the gaps, and that the gaps are always separated by a dot or a dash. Morse messages are generally transmitted by a hand-operated device such as a telegraph key, so there are variations introduced by the skill of the sender and receiver — more experienced operators can send and receive at faster speeds. In addition, individual operators differ slightly, for example, using slightly longer or shorter dashes or gaps, perhaps only for particular characters. This is called their ""fist"", and experienced operators can"
"is 60 milliseconds. Using the word CODEX with 60 dot units, the dot length at 20 words per minute is 50 milliseconds. Because Morse code is usually sent by hand, it is unlikely that an operator could be that precise with the dot length, and the individual characteristics and preferences of the operators usually override the standards. For commercial radiotelegraph licenses in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission specifies tests for Morse code proficiency in words per minute and in code groups per minute. The Commission specifies that a word is 5 characters long. The Commission specifies Morse code"
"Q code The Q code is a standardized collection of three-letter codes all of which start with the letter ""Q"". It is an operating signal initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication and later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio. To distinguish the use of ""Q"" codes transmitted as questions from those transmitted as statements, operators used the Morse question ""INT"" (dit dit dah dit dah) as a prefix to the ""Q"" code. Although Q codes were created when radio used Morse code exclusively, they continued to be employed after the introduction of voice transmissions. To avoid confusion, transmitter"
"Morse Message (1962) In 1962 a radio message in Morse code was transmitted from the Evpatoria Planetary Radar (EPR) and directed to the planet Venus. The word “MIR” (, meaning both “peace” and “world”) was transmitted from the EPR on November 19, 1962, and the words “LENIN” () and “SSSR” (, the abbreviation for the Soviet Union — ) on November 24, 1962, respectively. All three words were sent using the Morse code. In Russian, this letter is called Radio Message “MIR, LENIN, SSSR”. This message was the first radio broadcast for extraterrestrial civilizations in the history of mankind. It"
"special signal, , repeated at short intervals."" (In American Morse code, which was used by many coastal ships in the United States through the first part of the twentieth century, three dashes stood for the numeral """"5"""", so in a few cases the distress signal was informally referred to as """"S 5 S"""".) In contrast to CQD, which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter, the ' distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence ""dits"" and ""dahs"", and not as individual letters. There was no problem as long as operators were aware that"
"sentences and questions in short three character codes each beginning with the character Q. For example, the code word QTH means ""My location is"". If this code word is followed by a question mark as QTH? it means ""What is your location?"". Typically very few full words will be spelled out in Morse code conversations. Often vowels are left out to shorten transmissions and turn overs. Other examples, of internationally recognized usages of Morse code abbreviations and well known code numbers, such as those of the Phillips Code from past eras of telegraph technology, are usages such as WX for"
"This code was used since 1844 and became known as ""Morse landline code"" or ""American Morse code"". In the original Morse telegraphs, the receiver's armature made a clicking noise as it moved in and out of position to mark the paper tape. The telegraph operators soon learned that they could translate the clicks directly into dots and dashes, and write these down by hand, thus making the paper tape unnecessary. When Morse code was adapted to radio communication, the dots and dashes were sent as short and long tone pulses. It was later found that people become more proficient at"