"Thallium Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production. Both used the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy, in which thallium produces a notable green spectral line. Thallium, from Greek , , meaning ""a green shoot or twig"", was named by Crookes. It was isolated by both Lamy and Crookes in 1862; Lamy by electrolysis,"
"for high pressure systems (3,000 p.s.i.) and aluminium tubing for low pressure systems. Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791, and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and"
"Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength. Titanium is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791, and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere, and it is found in almost all living things, water bodies, rocks,"
"Titanium tetraiodide Titanium tetraiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI. It is a black volatile solid, first reported by Rudolph Weber in 1863. It is an intermediate in the Van Arkel process for the purification of titanium. TiI is a rare molecular binary metal iodide, consisting of isolated molecules of tetrahedral Ti(IV) centers. The Ti-I distances are 261 pm. Reflecting its molecular character, TiI can be distilled without decomposition at one atmosphere; this property is the basis of its use in the Van Arkel process. The difference in melting point between TiCl (m.p. -24 °C) and TiI (m.p."
"factories, coal-burning power plants, and metal sewers. The main source of elevated thallium concentrations in water is the leaching of thallium from ore processing operations. Thallium Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a gray post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861, in residues of sulfuric acid production. Both used the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy, in which thallium produces a notable green spectral line. Thallium, from Greek"
"TPP riboswitch The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure. It serves as a riboswitch that binds directly to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. TPP is the active form of thiamine (vitamin B), an essential coenzyme synthesised by coupling of pyrimidine and thiazole moieties in bacteria. The THI element is an extension of a previously detected thiamin-regulatory element, the thi box, there is considerable variability in the predicted length and structures of the additional and facultative stem"
"Terbium Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. The ninth member of the lanthanide series, terbium is a fairly electropositive metal that reacts with water, evolving hydrogen gas. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime, and euxenite. Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander discovered terbium as a chemical element in 1843. He detected it as an impurity in yttrium oxide, YO."
"Thallium forms the stable [Tl(CH)] ion in aqueous solution; like the isoelectronic Hg(CH) and [Pb(CH)], it is linear. Trimethylthallium and triethylthallium are, like the corresponding gallium and indium compounds, flammable liquids with low melting points. Like indium, thallium cyclopentadienyl compounds contain thallium(I), in contrast to gallium(III). Thallium (Greek , , meaning ""a green shoot or twig"") was discovered by flame spectroscopy in March 1861. The name comes from thallium's bright green spectral emission lines. After the publication of the improved method of flame spectroscopy by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff and the discovery of caesium and rubidium in the years"
"aluminium iodide. Like TiCl and TiBr, TiI forms adducts with Lewis bases, and it can also be reduced. When the reduction is conducted in the presence of Ti metal, one obtains polymeric Ti(III) and Ti(II) derivatives such as CsTiI and the chain CsTiI, respectively. TiI exhibits extensive reactivity toward alkenes and alkynes resulting in organoiodine derivatives. It also effects pinacol couplings and other C-C bond-forming reactions. Titanium tetraiodide Titanium tetraiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiI. It is a black volatile solid, first reported by Rudolph Weber in 1863. It is an intermediate in the Van Arkel process"
"the mineral fluorospar, which was used as a flux in metal working. Chlorine's name comes from the Greek word ""chloros"", meaning ""greenish-yellow"". Bromine's name comes from the Greek word ""bromos"", meaning ""stench"". Iodine's name comes from the Greek word ""iodes"", meaning ""violet"". Astatine's name comes from the Greek word ""astatos"", meaning ""unstable"". Tennessine is named after the US state of Tennessee. The halogens show trends in chemical bond energy moving from top to bottom of the periodic table column with fluorine deviating slightly. (It follows trend in having the highest bond energy in compounds with other atoms, but it has"
"Tetrahydroisoquinoline Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHN. Classified as a secondary amine, it is derived from isoquinoline by hydrogenation. It is a colorless viscous liquid that is miscible with most organic solvents. The tetrahydroisoquinoline skeleton is encountered in a number of bioactive compounds and drugs. As a secondary amine, tetrahydroisoquinoline has weakly basic properties and forms salts with strong acids. It can be dehydrogenated to give isoquinoline and hydrogenated to decahydroisoquinoline. Like other secondary amines, tetrahydroisoquinoline can be oxidized to the corresponding nitrone using hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by selenium dioxide. Tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives may be formed"
"Titanium disulfide Titanium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the formula TiS. A golden yellow solid with high electrical conductivity, it belongs to a group of compounds called transition metal dichalcogenides, which consist of the stoichiometry ME. TiS has been employed as a cathode material in rechargeable batteries. TiS adopts a hexagonal close packed (hcp )structure, analogous to cadmium iodide (CdI). In this motif, half of the octahedral holes are filled with a ""cation"", in this case Ti. Each Ti centre is surrounded by six sulfide ligands in an octahedral structure. Each sulfide is connected to three Ti centres, the"
"Thulium Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds; because it occurs so late in the series, however, the +2 oxidation state is also stabilized by the nearly full 4f shell that results. In aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble thulium compounds form coordination complexes with nine water molecules. In 1879, the Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve separated from the rare earth oxide"
"the bond a partially ionic character. Tennessine Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Ts and atomic number 117. It is the second-heaviest known element and the penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. The discovery of tennessine was officially announced in Dubna, Russia, by a Russian–American collaboration in April 2010, which makes it the most recently discovered element . One of its daughter isotopes was created directly in 2011, partially confirming the results of the experiment. The experiment itself was repeated successfully by the same collaboration in 2012 and by a joint German–American team in"
"Titanium diselenide Titanium diselenide (TiSe) also known as titanium(IV) selenide, is an inorganic compound of titanium and selenium. In this material selenium is viewed as selenide (Se) which requires that titanium exists as Ti. Titanium diselenide is a member of metal dichalcogenides, compounds that consist of a metal and an element of the chalcogen column within the periodic table. Many exhibit properties of potential value in battery technology, such as intercalation and electrical conductivity, although most applications focus on the less toxic and lighter disulfides, e.g. TiS. Within the titanium-selenium system, many stoichiometries have been identified. Titanium diselenide crystallizes with"
"coupling. Thiocarbonyldiimidazole 1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) is a thiourea containing two imidazole rings. It is the sulfur analog of the peptide coupling reagent carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). TCDI is commercially available but can also be prepared via the reaction of thiophosgene with two equivalents of imidazole. The imidazole groups on TCDI can be easily displaced, allowing it to act as a safer alternative to thiophosgene. This behaviour has been used in the Corey–Winter olefin synthesis. It may also replace carbonothioyl species (RC(S)Cl) in the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation. Other uses include the synthesis of thioamides and thiocarbamates. Like the analogous CDI, it may be used for"
"a gas-phase molecular species): ThBr and ThBr are known to be very reactive and at high temperatures disproportionate. Thorium tetraiodide (ThI, yellow, m.p. 556 °C) is prepared by direct reaction of the elements in a sealed silica ampule. Water and oxygen must not be present, or else ThOI and ThO can contaminate the product. It has a different crystal structure from the other tetrahalides, being monoclinic. The lower iodides ThI (black) and ThI (gold) can be prepared by reducing the tetraiodide with thorium metal. (ThI is also predicted to form as an intermediate in the dissociation of ThI to thorium"
"molybdenum hexacarbonyl, and tungsten hexacarbonyl, seaborgium has been shown in 2014 to also form seaborgium hexacarbonyl, Sg(CO). Like its molybdenum and tungsten homologues, seaborgium hexacarbonyl is a volatile compound that reacts readily with silicon dioxide. Seaborgium Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. It is named after the American nuclear chemist Glenn T. Seaborg. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. It is also radioactive; the most stable known isotope, Sg, has a half-life of approximately 14 minutes. In the periodic table of the"
"Tennessine Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Ts and atomic number 117. It is the second-heaviest known element and the penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. The discovery of tennessine was officially announced in Dubna, Russia, by a Russian–American collaboration in April 2010, which makes it the most recently discovered element . One of its daughter isotopes was created directly in 2011, partially confirming the results of the experiment. The experiment itself was repeated successfully by the same collaboration in 2012 and by a joint German–American team in May 2014. In December 2015, the"
"Trimethylindium Trimethylindium (abbr: TMI or TMIn), In(CH), (CAS #: 3385-78-2) is the preferred organometallic source of indium for metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of indium-containing compound semiconductors, such as InP, InAs, InN, InSb, GaInAs, InGaN, AlGaInP, AlInP, AlInGaNP, etc. TMI is a white, crystalline and sublimable solid, with melting point 88 °C. TMI is pyrophoric (ignites spontaneously upon contact with air), and its decomposition is often found to be uncontrollable as the temperature of its surrounding exceeds its melting point (i.e. > 88 °C) and reaches 101 °C and above. TMI is also reported to exhibit autocatalytic behavior during its"
"Bistriflimide Bistriflimide, systematically known as bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (or 'imidate', ""see below"") and colloquially as TFSI, is a non-coordinating anion with the chemical formula [(CFSO)N]. The anion is widely used in ionic liquids (e.g.Trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), since it is less toxic and more stable than more ""traditional"" counterions such as tetrafluoroborate. This anion is also of importance in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries (LiTFSI because of its high dissociation and conductivity. It has the added advantage of suppressing crystallinity in poly(ethylene oxide), which increases the conductivity of that polymer below its melting point at 50 °C. The conjugate acid of bistriflimide, which is"
"Titanium yellow Titanium yellow, also nickel antimony titanium yellow, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile, CI Pigment Yellow 53, or C.I. 77788, is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition of NiO·SbO·20TiO. Its CAS number is . It is a complex inorganic compound. Its melting point lies above 1000 °C, and has extremely low solubility in water. While it contains antimony and nickel, their bioavailability is very low, so the pigment is relatively safe. The pigment has crystal lattice of rutile, with 2-5% of titanium ions replaced with nickel(II) and 9-12% of them replaced with antimony(V). Titanium yellow is manufactured by"
"near Boulogne-sur-Mer by the fall of a bridge over which he was riding. In 2006, American Elements discovered new technology allowing for the casting of seamless iridium rings for use in spacecraft and satellites. In 2016, the company utilized the same technology to introduce a line of iridium wedding bands marketed under the trademark Smithson Tennant. Smithson Tennant Smithson Tennant FRS (30 November 1761 – 22 February 1815) was an English chemist. Tennant is best known for his discovery of the elements iridium and osmium, which he found in the residues from the solution of platinum ores in 1803. He"
"and the dry weight of vegetables usually contains one part per billion of thulium. Thulium dust and powder are toxic upon inhalation or ingestion and can cause explosions. Radioactive thulium isotopes can cause radiation poisoning. Thulium Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and third-last element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds; because it occurs so late in the series, however, the +2 oxidation state is also stabilized by the nearly full 4f shell"
"Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, also called tetrahydroxy-""p""-benzoquinone, tetrahydroxybenzoquinone, or tetrahydroxyquinone (THBQ, THQ), is an organic compound with formula CO(OH). Its molecular structure consists of a cyclohexadiene ring with four hydroxyl groups and two ketone groups in opposite (""para"") positions. The compound gives a light red solution in water, and crystallizes as the glistening bluish-black (but non-conducting) dihydrate CO(OH)·2HO. The compound can be synthesized from glyoxal or from ""myo""-inositol (phytic acid), a natural compound widely present in plants. THBQ forms an adduct with 4,4'-bipyridine in the 2:3 ratio. Like most phenols, THBQ is acidic and easily loses the four H ions from the"
"Titanium tetrachloride Titanium tetrachloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl. It is an important intermediate in the production of titanium metal and the pigment titanium dioxide. TiCl is a volatile liquid. Upon contact with humid air, it forms spectacular opaque clouds of titanium dioxide (TiO) and hydrated hydrogen chloride. It is sometimes referred to as ""tickle"" or ""tickle 4"" due to the phonetic resemblance of its molecular formula (TiCl) to the word. TiCl is a dense, colourless distillable liquid, although crude samples may be yellow or even red-brown. It is one of the rare transition metal halides that"
"Titanium isopropoxide Titanium isopropoxide, also commonly referred to as titanium tetraisopropoxide or TTIP, is a chemical compound with the formula . This alkoxide of titanium(IV) is used in organic synthesis and materials science. It is a diamagnetic tetrahedral molecule. Titanium isopropoxide is a component of the Sharpless epoxidation, a Nobel-Prize-winning method for the synthesis of chiral epoxides. The structures of the titanium alkoxides are often complex. Crystalline titanium methoxide is tetrameric with the molecular formula Alkoxides derived from bulkier alcohols such as isopropanol aggregate less. Titanium isopropoxide is mainly a monomer in nonpolar solvents. It is prepared by treating titanium"
"chloride ligands. Molecular complexes are known such as TiCl(chel), where chel is DMPE (CH)PCHCHP(CH) and TMEDA ((CH)NCHCHN(CH)). Such species are prepared by reduction of related Ti(III) and Ti(IV) complexes. Unusual electronic effects have been observed in these species: TiCl[(CH)PCHCHP(CH)] is paramagnetic with a triplet ground state, but Ti(CH)[(CH)PCHCHP(CH)] is diamagnetic. A solid-state derivative of TiCl is NaTiCI, which has been prepared by the reaction of Ti metal with TiCl in a NaCl flux. This species adopts a linear chain structure wherein again the Ti(II) centers are octahedral with terminal, axial halides. Titanium(II) chloride Titanium(II) chloride is the chemical compound with"
"Thiocarbonyldiimidazole 1,1'-Thiocarbonyldiimidazole (TCDI) is a thiourea containing two imidazole rings. It is the sulfur analog of the peptide coupling reagent carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). TCDI is commercially available but can also be prepared via the reaction of thiophosgene with two equivalents of imidazole. The imidazole groups on TCDI can be easily displaced, allowing it to act as a safer alternative to thiophosgene. This behaviour has been used in the Corey–Winter olefin synthesis. It may also replace carbonothioyl species (RC(S)Cl) in the Barton–McCombie deoxygenation. Other uses include the synthesis of thioamides and thiocarbamates. Like the analogous CDI, it may be used for peptide"
"Titanium hydride Titanium hydride normally refers to the inorganic compound TiH and related nonstoichiometric materials. It is commercially available as a stable grey/black powder, which is used as an additive in the production of Alnico sintered magnets, in the sintering of powdered metals, the production of metal foam, the production of powdered titanium metal and in pyrotechnics. In the commercial process for producing non-stoichiometric TiH, titanium metal sponge is treated with hydrogen gas at atmospheric pressure at between 300-500 °C. Absorption of hydrogen is exothermic and rapid, changing the color of the sponge grey/black. The brittle product is ground to"
"S-IVB stage from Apollo 12 and not an asteroid. Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula . When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. Generally, it is sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase. It has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million metric tons. It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds"
"fillings in permanent (adult) teeth. Mercury (element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar"
"devices though concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alcohol-filled, galinstan-filled, digital, or thermistor-based instruments. It remains in use in scientific research applications and in amalgam material for dental restoration. It is used in lighting: electricity passed through mercury vapor in a phosphor tube produces short-wave ultraviolet light which then causes the phosphor to fluoresce, making visible light. Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray other metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. The"