"Tinea corporis Tinea corporis (also known as ringworm, tinea circinata, and tinea glabrosa) is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body. It is similar to other forms of tinea. It may have a variety of appearances; most easily identifiable are the enlarging raised red rings with a central area of clearing (ringworm). The same appearances of ringworm may also occur on the scalp (tinea capitis), beard area (tinea barbae) or the groin (tinea cruris, known as jock itch or dhobi itch). Other classic"
"be spread by touching inanimate objects like personal care products, bed linen, combs, athletic gear, or hair brushes contaminated by an affected person. Individuals at high risk of acquiring ringworm include those who: Superficial scrapes of skin examined underneath a microscope may reveal the presence of a fungus. This is done by utilizing a diagnostic method called KOH Test, wherein the skin scrapings are placed on a slide and immersed on a dropful of potassium hydroxide solution to dissolve the keratin on the skin scrappings thus leaving fungal elements such as hyphae, septate or yeast cells viewable. If the skin"
"meet or tournament"" - ""have no moist or exudative lesions at meet or tournament time"" ""Gram stain of exudate from questionable lesions (if available) should be performed."" ""Active purulent lesions shall not be covered to allow participation."" Ringworm, more properly called Tinea, presents as a reddish/brown raised or bumpy patch which may be lighter in the center, giving the appearance of a ring. It is caused by one of three parasitic fungi and is named after the body site involved. Consequently, the name does not indicate the fungal type, for example, Tinea corporis (body) and Tinea manum (hand). Ringworm spreads"
"on the appearance and symptoms. It may be confirmed by either culturing or looking at a skin scraping under a microscope. Prevention is by keeping the skin dry, not walking barefoot in public, and not sharing personal items. Treatment is typically with antifungal creams such as clotrimazole or miconazole. If the scalp is involved, antifungals by mouth such as fluconazole may be needed. Up to 20% of the population may be infected by ringworm at any given time. Infections of the groin are more common in males, while infections of the scalp and body occur equally in both sexes. Infections"
"defective cell-mediated immunity predisposes the host to chronic or recurrent dermatophyte infection. Some of these skin infections are known as ringworm or tinea (which is the Latin word for ""worm""), though infections are not caused by worms. It is thought that the word tinea (worm) is used to describe the snake-like appearance of the dermatophyte on skin. Toenail and fingernail infections are referred to as onychomycosis. Dermatophytes usually do not invade living tissues, but colonize the outer layer of the skin. Occasionally the organisms do invade subcutaneous tissues, resulting in kerion development. Infections by dermatophytes affect the superficial skin, hair,"
"scalp, and tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) on the foot. Although they are not harmful, they are highly contagious and difficult to treat. The symptoms of ringworm include patches of skin that are red, swollen, and irritated, forming the shape of a ring. Ringworm will last between two and four weeks with treatment. Tinea infections can be combatted orally or topically with numerous different medications. Some topical treatments include Mentax 1%, Lamisil 1%, Naftin 1% and Spectazole and these creams should be applied two times a day until the infection is gone. Oral treaments for Tinea include Lamisil, Sporanox, and Diflucan."
"Cutaneous larva migrans Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae). The most common species causing this disease in the Americas is ""Ancylostoma braziliense"". These parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals and should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely ""Ancylostoma duodenale"" and ""Necator americanus"". Colloquially called creeping eruption due to its presentation, the disease is also somewhat ambiguously known as ""ground itch"" or (in some parts of the"
"of the scalp are most common in children while infections of the groin are most common in the elderly. Descriptions of ringworm date back to ancient history. Infections on the body may give rise to typical enlarging raised red rings of ringworm. Infection on the skin of the feet may cause athlete's foot and in the groin, jock itch. Involvement of the nails is termed onychomycosis, and they may thicken, discolour, and finally crumble and fall off. They are common in most adult people, with up to 20% of the population having one of these infections at any given moment."
"because of contact in the soil. Onset of infection usually occurs from August to November, when humans come into contact with soil more often. The species is keratinophilic and is known for causing diseases on human skin. The genus ""Microsporum"" contains a number of pathogens to both humans and animals. The diseases it causes is classified as tinea or ringworm, with an adjective prescribing to the afflicted body part. Infection usually occurs as tinea capitis with suppuration and kerion formation. Pus formation can also occur from palpitated hair follicles. The species is ectothrix in terms of hair infection and can"
"resolution of visible symptoms to prevent recurrence. The total duration of treatment is therefore generally two weeks, but may be as long as three. In more severe cases or scalp ringworm, systemic treatment with oral medications may be given. To prevent spreading the infection, lesions should not be touched, and good hygiene maintained with washing of hands and the body. Misdiagnosis and treatment of ringworm with a topical steroid, a standard treatment of the superficially similar pityriasis rosea, can result in tinea incognito, a condition where ringworm fungus grows without typical features, such as a distinctive raised border. Dermatophytosis has"
"skin. CLM can be treated in a number of different ways: Cutaneous larva migrans Cutaneous larva migrans (abbreviated CLM) is a skin disease in humans, caused by the larvae of various nematode parasites of the hookworm family (Ancylostomatidae). The most common species causing this disease in the Americas is ""Ancylostoma braziliense"". These parasites live in the intestines of dogs, cats, and wild animals and should not be confused with other members of the hookworm family for which humans are definitive hosts, namely ""Ancylostoma duodenale"" and ""Necator americanus"". Colloquially called creeping eruption due to its presentation, the disease is also somewhat"
"been prevalent since before 1906, at which time ringworm was treated with compounds of mercury or sometimes sulfur or iodine. Hairy areas of skin were considered too difficult to treat, so the scalp was treated with X-rays and followed up with antifungal medication. Another treatment from around the same time was application of Araroba powder. The most common term for the infection, ""ringworm"", is a misnomer, since the condition is caused by fungi of several different species and not by parasitic worms. Ringworm caused by ""Trichophyton verrucosum"" is a frequent clinical condition in cattle. Young animals are more frequently affected."
"the parasite's life cycle. Ringworm is a fungal skin infection and is more common in puppies than in adult dogs. Non-contagious skin infections can result when normal bacterial or fungal skin flora is allowed to proliferate and cause skin disease. Common examples in dogs include ""Staphylococcus intermedius pyoderma"", and ""Malassezia dermatitis"" caused by overgrowth of ""Malassezia pachydermatis"". Alabama rot, which is believed to be caused by ""E. coli"" toxins, also causes skin lesions and eventual kidney failure in 25% of cases. Some diseases are inherent abnormalities of skin structure or function. These include seborrheic dermatitis, ichthyosis, skin fragility syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos),"
"Pinworm infection Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm. The most common symptom is itching in the anal area. This can make sleeping difficult. The period of time from swallowing eggs to the appearance of new eggs around the anus is 4 to 8 weeks. Some people who are infected do not have symptoms. The disease is spread between people by pinworm eggs. The eggs initially occur around the anus and can survive for up to three weeks in the environment. They may be swallowed following contamination of the hands, food, or"
"survival. In early stages of infection, the lesion has a clear and raised border, although there is not much hair loss yet. However, as it progresses, infected hairs break off at the scalp surface and the scalp is eventually coated in a scaly layer, with short hair stubs remaining. Twisted hairs may be found in keratotic follicular papules that will be formed. The infection is often called ""black dot ringworm"" due to the small dark hair stubs that are found on the scalp. Inflammatory reactions are also quite common and can manifest as edema, abscess, or highly inflammatory kerion. Hair"
"scrapings are negative and a fungus is still suspected, the scrapings are sent for culture. Because the fungus grows slowly, the culture results do take several days to become positive. Because fungi prefer warm, moist environments, preventing ringworm involves keeping skin dry and avoiding contact with infectious material. Basic prevention measures include: Most cases are treated by application of topical antifungal creams to the skin, but in extensive or difficult to treat cases, systemic treatment with oral medication may be required. The over-the-counter options include tolnaftate. Among the available prescription drugs, the evidence is best for terbinafine and naftifine, but"
"Tinea capitis Tinea capitis (also known as ""herpes tonsurans"", ""ringworm of the hair"", ""ringworm of the scalp"", ""scalp ringworm"", and ""tinea tonsurans"") is a cutaneous fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the scalp. The disease is primarily caused by dermatophytes in the ""Trichophyton"" and ""Microsporum"" genera that invade the hair shaft. The clinical presentation is typically single or multiple patches of hair loss, sometimes with a 'black dot' pattern (often with broken-off hairs), that may be accompanied by inflammation, scaling, pustules, and itching. Uncommon in adults, tinea capitis is predominantly seen in pre-pubertal children, more often boys than girls. At least eight"
"Pinworm (parasite) The pinworm (species Enterobius vermicularis), also known as threadworm (in the United Kingdom and Australasia) or seatworm, is a parasitic worm. It is a nematode (roundworm) and a common intestinal parasite or helminth, especially in humans. The medical condition associated with pinworm infestation is known as pinworm infection (enterobiasis) (a type of helminthiasis) or less precisely as oxyuriasis in reference to the family Oxyuridae. Other than human, ""Enterobius vermicularis"" were reported from bonnet macaque. Other species seen in primates include ""Enterobius buckleyi"" in Orangutan and ""Enterobius anthropopitheci"" in chimpanzee. ""Enterobius vermicularis"" is common in human children and transmitted"
"Microsporum gallinae Microsporum gallinae is a fungus of the genus Microsporum that causes dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm. Chickens represent the host population of ""Microsporum gallinae"" but its opportunistic nature allows it to enter other populations of fowl, mice, squirrels, cats, dogs and monkeys. Human cases of ""M. gallinae"" are rare, and usually mild, non-life-threatening superficial infections. ""Microsporum gallinae"" was first identified in 1881 by Megnin from chicken favus, and named ""Epidermophyton gallinae"". It was later transferred from the Epidermophyton genus, and classified in the Trichophyton genus, as ""T. gallinae"". The identification of rough-walled macroconidia, a hallmark of the Microsporum"
"Animals such as dogs and cats can also be affected by ringworm, and the disease can be transmitted between animals and humans, making it a zoonotic disease. Specific signs can be: Fungi thrive in moist, warm areas, such as locker rooms, tanning beds, swimming pools, and skin folds; accordingly, those that cause dermatophytosis may be spread by using exercise machines that have not been disinfected after use, or by sharing towels, clothing, or footwear, such as rental bowling shoes, ski boots, ice skates or roller skates. A number of different species of fungi are involved in dermatophytosis. Dermatophytes of the"
"Cutaneous leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis (also known as oriental sore, tropical sore, chiclero ulcer, chiclero's ulcer or Aleppo boil, ’’’Delhi Boil’’’) is the most common form of leishmaniasis affecting humans. It is a skin infection caused by a single-celled parasite that is transmitted by the bite of a phlebotomine sandfly. There are about twenty species of ""Leishmania"" that may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. This disease is considered to be a zoonosis (an infectious disease that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans), with the exception of ""Leishmania tropica"" — which is often an anthroponotic disease (an infectious disease that is naturally"
"of the skin, and is surrounded by a thick layer of calloused skin. Depending on the development of the Verrucae, the surface may show signs of blood vessels, which feed the infection. Tinea infections, more commonly known as Ringworm, are the most common skin infections transmitted through wrestling. It is caused by parasitic fungi that survive on keratin, an organic material that is found in skin, hair, and nails. There are several varieties of Tinea, which are classified depending on their location. Tinea corporis is found on the body, tinea cruris (jock itch) on the groin, tinea capitis on the"
"Ringworm affair The ringworm affair refers to circumstances involving an alleged number of 20,000 to 200,000 Jewish individuals who were treated between 1948 and 1960 for tinea capitis (ringworm) with ionizing radiation to the head and neck area within Israel. The population suffering from the disease in Israel at the time was composed primarily of newly arrived immigrants and populations who were expected to emigrate, mostly from North Africa, as well as some from Middle East and elsewhere, but many Jewish children were irradiated in their home countries regardless of their intent to emigrate. The irradiation of Mizrahi children is"
"thus the saying ""one hand, two feet"". See Onychomycosis Ringworm infections modified by corticosteroids, systemic or topical, prescribed for some pre-existing pathology or given mistakenly for the treatment of misdiagnosed tinea. In order for dermatophytoses to occur, the fungus must directly contact the skin. Likelihood of infection is increased if the skin integrity is compromised, as in minor breaks. The fungi use various proteinases to establish infection in the keratinized stratum corneum. Some studies also suggest that a class of proteins called LysM coat the fungal cell walls to help the fungi evade host cell immune response. The course of"
"and also include invasive hair and nail diseases. These diseases are restricted to the keratinized layers of the skin, hair, and nails. Unlike the superficial mycoses, host immune responses may be evoked resulting in pathologic changes expressed in the deeper layers of the skin. The organisms that cause these diseases are called dermatophytes, the resulting diseases are often called ringworm, dermatophytosis or tinea. Dermatophytes only cause infections of the skin, hair, and nails, and are unable to induce systemic, generalized mycoses, even in immunocompromised hosts. Subcutaneous mycoses involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle and fascia. These infections are chronic and"
"hair shaft, while skin samples will have swollen spores mixed with dermatophyte filaments. Trichophyton verrucosum Trichophyton verrucosum, commonly known as the cattle ringworm fungus, is a dermatophyte largely responsible for fungal skin disease in cattle, but is also a common cause of ringworm in donkeys, dogs, goat, sheep, and horses. It has a worldwide distribution, however human infection is more common in rural areas where contact with animals is more frequent, and can cause severe inflammation of the afflicted region. ""Trichophyton verrucosum"" was first described by Emile Bodin in 1902. ""Trichophyton verrucosum"" is very slow-growing compared to other dermatophytes. In"
"features of tinea corporis include: Tinea corporis is caused by a tiny fungus known as dermatophyte. These tiny organisms normally live on the superficial skin surface, and when the opportunity is right, they can induce a rash or infection. The disease can also be acquired by person-to-person transfer usually via direct skin contact with an infected individual. Animal-to-human transmission is also common. Ringworm commonly occurs on pets (dogs, cats) and the fungus can be acquired while petting or grooming an animal. Ringworm can also be acquired from other animals such as horses, pigs, ferrets and cows. The fungus can also"
"Hookworm infection Hookworm infection is an infection by a type of intestinal parasite known as a hookworm. Initially, itching and a rash may occur at the site of infection. Those only affected by a few worms may show no symptoms. Those infected by many worms may experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and tiredness. The mental and physical development of children may be affected. Anemia may result. Two common hookworm infections in humans are ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis, caused by the species ""Ancylostoma duodenale"" and ""Necator americanus"" respectively. Hookworm eggs are deposited in the stools of infected people. If these end"
"and oral antifungals. Topical antifungals, such as: Terbinafine, Tolnaftate, and orally administered Griseofulvin have been used successfully to treat ""M. gallinae"" infections in humans and animals. Microsporum gallinae Microsporum gallinae is a fungus of the genus Microsporum that causes dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm. Chickens represent the host population of ""Microsporum gallinae"" but its opportunistic nature allows it to enter other populations of fowl, mice, squirrels, cats, dogs and monkeys. Human cases of ""M. gallinae"" are rare, and usually mild, non-life-threatening superficial infections. ""Microsporum gallinae"" was first identified in 1881 by Megnin from chicken favus, and named ""Epidermophyton gallinae"". It"
"These include ""Ascaris lumbricoides"", commonly known as human giant roundworm; ""Strongyloides stercoralis"", commonly known as human roundworm; ""Enterobius vermicularis"", commonly known as pinworm or threadworm; and ""Hymenolepis nana"", also known as dwarf tapeworm. Current research targets Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, multiple sclerosis and asthma. Helminth infection has emerged as one possible explanation for the low incidence of autoimmune diseases and allergies in less developed countries, while reduced infection rates have been linked with the significant and sustained increase in autoimmune diseases seen in industrialized countries. While it is recognized that there is probably a genetic"
"that cause ringworm in dogs. About 70 percent of infections are caused by ""Microsporum canis"", 20 percent by ""M. gypseum"", and 10 percent by ""Trichophyton mentagrophytes"". Signs include hair loss and scaling of the skin. Treatment for localized ringworm is not always necessary as the disease is self-limiting, but the cliinical course can be shortened by using topical miconazole or clotrimazole. Generalized infections, most commonly seen in immunocompromised dogs, can be treated with oral antifungal drugs such as griseofulvin or itraconazole. Infection can spread to humans. There are several fungal diseases that are systemic in nature, meaning they are affecting"
"present. Some individuals can have very mild symptoms that may not be taken as herpes symptoms and the patient may not recognize them. The asymptomatic transmission occurs when the infection is spread between outbreaks. Herpes gladiatorum is only caused by the herpes simplex virus. Shingles, also manifesting as skin rashes with blisters, is caused by a different virus, herpes zoster. Other agents may cause skin infections, for example ringworm is primarily due to the fungal dermatophyte, ""T. tonsurans"". Impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis and carbuncles are usually due to ""Staphylococcus aureus"" or Beta-hemolytic streptococcus bacteria. These less common forms can be potentially"
"Lyme disease Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by a bacteria named ""Borrelia"" spread by ticks. The most common sign of infection is an expanding area of redness on the skin, known as erythema migrans, that appears at the site of the tick bite about a week after it occurred. The rash is typically neither itchy nor painful. Approximately 70–80% of infected people develop a rash. Other early symptoms may include fever, headache and tiredness. If untreated, symptoms may include loss of the ability to move one or both sides of the face, joint"