"Italy.) He therefore found a better servitor in his Superintendent of Finances Charles de La Vieuville, who held similar views of Spain as the king, and who advised Louis to side with the Dutch via the Treaty of Compiègne. However, La Vieuville was dismissed by the middle of 1624, partly due to his bad behaviour (during his tenure as superintendent he was arrogant and incompetent) and because of a well-organized pamphlet campaign by Cardinal Richelieu against his council rival. Louis needed a new chief advisor; Cardinal Richelieu would be that counsellor. Cardinal Richelieu played a major role in Louis XIII's"
"Louis XIII of France Louis XIII (; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who was King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. Shortly before his ninth birthday, Louis became king of France and Navarre after his father Henry IV was assassinated. His mother, Marie de' Medici, acted as regent during his minority. Mismanagement of the kingdom and ceaseless political intrigues by Marie and her Italian favourites led the young"
"November 1703 - Death of the masked prisoner, who is buried on 20 November at the cemetery of Saint-Paul under the name of Marchialy. Major Rosarges signs the death certificate. Pignerol (July 1669 – 1681), Exilles (1681-1687), Sainte-Marguerite (1687-1698) then the Bastille (1698-1703). Louis XIV – King of France (1661-1715) Charles II – King of England (1660-1685), Louis XIV's first cousin François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois – French Secretary of State for War (1662-1691) Louis-François-Marie Le Tellier de Barbezieux (Louvois's son) – Secretary of State for War under the reign of Louis XIV (1681-1701) Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars,"
"Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny (March 28, 1608 – October 11, 1652) was a Foreign Minister of France to Louis XIII. He was associated with his father, Claude Bouthillier, who took him to all major courts of Europe, tutoring in diplomacy, from 1629 to 1632. To differentiate Bouthillier father and son, Leo was called ""The Younger"". Léon's brother Victor became archbishop of Tours. On March 18, 1632, he was appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. In 1635, he signed a treaty of alliance with Holland and Sweden. He acts as messenger between Gaston d'Orleans"
"wounded. The battle enabled Sweden to occupy Saxony and impressed on Ferdinand III the need to include Sweden, and not only France, in any peace negotiations. Louis XIII died in 1643, leaving his five-year-old son Louis XIV on the throne. Mere days later, French General Louis II de Bourbon, 4th Prince de Condé, Duc d'Enghien, The Great Condé, defeated the Spanish army at the Battle of Rocroi in 1643. The same year, however, the French were defeated by the Imperial and Catholic League forces at the battle of Tuttlingen. The chief minister of Louis XIII, Cardinal Mazarin, facing the domestic"
"of his will, and Louis XIII named him a member of the council of regency which he intended should govern the kingdom after his death. But the kings last plans were not carried out, and Bouthillier was obliged to retire into private life, giving up his office of superintendent of finances in June 1643. He died in Paris on 13 March 1652. His son, Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny (1608–1652), was early associated with his father, who took him with him from 1629 to 1632 to all the great courts of Europe, instructing him in diplomacy. In 1632 he was"
"Baptiste Bontemps (1590–1659), had been surgeon to Louis XIII of France before becoming a Premier Valet in 1643. Alexandre succeeded him on his death in 1659, dying in office in 1701, by which time he was a count and marquis, holding several key offices controlling both the palaces and towns of Versailles and Marly, the Swiss Guard who guarded the King and his palaces, and the household of the Dauphin. He was thus a key figure in maintaining the security of the King, and managing his household. The Governorships of Versailles and Marly had been given to him in 1665"
"Although it required a succession of internal military campaigns, he disarmed the fortified Huguenot towns that Henry had allowed. He involved France in the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) against the Habsburgs by concluding an alliance with Sweden in 1631 and, actively, in 1635. He died in 1642 before the conclusion of that conflict, having groomed Cardinal Jules Mazarin as a successor. Louis XIII outlived him but by one year, dying in 1643 at the age of forty-two. After a childless marriage for twenty-three years his queen, Anne, delivered a son on 5 September 1638, whom he named Louis after himself."
"XIII ascended the throne in 1610 upon the assassination of his father, and his mother Marie de' Medici acted as his Regent. Although Louis XIII became of age at thirteen (1614), his mother did not give up her position as Regent until 1617, when he was 16. Marie maintained most of her husband's ministers, with the exception of Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully, who was unpopular in the country. She mainly relied on Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy, Noël Brûlart de Sillery, and Pierre Jeannin for political advice. Marie pursued a moderate policy, confirming the Edict of Nantes."
"Claude de Bullion Claude de Bullion (13 October 1569 – 22 December 1640) was a French aristocrat and politician who served as a Minister of Finance under Louis XIII from 1632 to 1640. He was a close ally of Cardinal Richelieu. He became a lawyer at the Parliament of Paris in 1594 and an advisor in 1595. In 1605, he became ""Maître des Requêtes"", and in 1606 he joined the Parliament of Grenoble as State Councillor and Chairman. In 1611 he bought the lordship of Bolt and later bought the lordship of Maule. In 1612, Seigneur de Bonnelles named him"
"to impose a classical order upon French arts. He was at the same time the protector of the religious establishment of France, headed by the Jesuits, with whose General at Rome he maintained a correspondence. At the apogee of his power in 1642, Richelieu died. The King was unable to resist the cabal of Sublet de Noyers detractors, led by Chavigny and Cardinal Mazarin. He requested leave from court and departed precipitously in April 1643. The death of Louis XIII soon afterwards gave him some hopes of returning, with the favour of Anne of Austria, for whose account he continued"
"André-Hercule de Fleury André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, Archbishop of Aix (22 June or 26 June 165329 January 1743) was a French cardinal who served as the chief minister of Louis XV. He was born in Lodève, Hérault, the son of a tax farmer of a noble family. He was sent to Paris as a child to be educated by the Jesuits in philosophy and the Classics as much as in theology. He entered the priesthood nevertheless and through the influence of Cardinal Bonzi became almoner to Maria Theresa, queen of Louis XIV, and, after her death, to the"
"than ever before. He remained in office until his death in 1617 during the reign of Louis XIII. Villeroy grew up at court and entered government service at a young age, following in the footsteps of his father Nicolas III de Neufville, and both grandfathers. In 1559, at the age of sixteen, he became a financial secretary and was soon employed by Catherine de' Medici, the widow of Henry II and the mother of the next three kings. Because those kings were either too young, too ill, or, in Henry III's case, too irresponsible to attend to the details of"
"de Rancé, was the founder of the Trappist order. Another son, François-Denis, was bishop of Troyes and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens. Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny (March 28, 1608 – October 11, 1652) was a Foreign Minister of France to Louis XIII. He was associated with his father, Claude Bouthillier, who took him to all major courts of Europe, tutoring in diplomacy, from 1629 to 1632. To differentiate Bouthillier father and son, Leo was called ""The Younger"". Léon's brother Victor became archbishop of Tours. On March 18, 1632, he was appointed Secretary of State"
"Louis XII of France Louis XII (27 June 1462 – 1 January 1515) was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his cousin Charles VIII, who died without a closer heir in 1498. Louis was the eighth French king from the House of Valois, and the first from the Orléans branch of that dynasty. Before his accession to the throne of France, he was known as Louis of Orléans and was compelled to be married to his disabled and"
"Antoine Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis d'Effiat Antoine Coiffier (or Coëffier) de Ruzé d'Effiat, marquis d'Effiat, (1581- 7 July 1632) was a French noble and Superintendent of Finances to Louis XIII during the years 1626 to 1632. He was also a Marshal of France. As the nephew of Martin Ruzé de Beaulieu (died in 1613), who was the Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi under three kings of France, he came to court quite quickly. Due to Louis XIII's sympathy for Beaulieu, he easily gained the king's favour. By 1616, he was already First Gentleman of the king's stable."
"Cardinal Mazarin, decided to use him as a tool to avert future warfare in the kingdom. Upon the death of King Louis XIII in 1643, the older of his two sons succeeded to the throne of France as King Louis XIV. In order to discourage the type of tempestuous relationship that had developed between Louis XIII and his younger brother Gaston, duc d'Orléans, the young king's mother, Anne of Austria, and chief minister, Cardinal Mazarin, decided to protect the future king by making sure that his younger brother, the duc d'Anjou, had no part in any political or military office."
"Grand Chamberlain of France.<br> He was present at the coronation of King Louis XIII of France. In 1621, he was killed at the failed Siege of Montauban by a musket shot in the eye. He was buried in the church of Aiguillon. He had married in Soissons in February 1599 with Henriette de Nevers (1571–1601), daughter of Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Henriette of Cleves. They had no children. He was succeeded by his sister's son Charles Gonzaga. Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne Henry of Mayenne or Henry of Lorraine, (Dijon, 20 December 1578 – Montauban, 20 September"
"the powerful chief minister of France, had mauled the Protestants, he joined this war on their side in 1636 because it was in the ""raison d'État"" (national interest). Imperial Habsburg forces invaded France, ravaged Champagne, and nearly threatened Paris. Richelieu died in 1642 and was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, while Louis XIII died one year later and was succeeded by Louis XIV. France was served by some very efficient commanders such as Louis II de Bourbon (Condé) and Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne (Turenne). The French forces won a decisive victory at Rocroi (1643), and the Spanish army was decimated;"
"François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois François Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois (18 January 1641 – 16 July 1691) was the French Secretary of State for War for a significant part of the reign of Louis XIV. Louvois and his father, Michel le Tellier, would increase the French Army to 400,000 soldiers, an army that would fight four wars between 1667 and 1713. He is commonly referred to as ""Louvois"". Louvois was born in Paris on 18 January 1641, to Michel Le Tellier, and Elisabeth Turpin. Louvois received instructions from his father in the management of state affairs. The"
"married to Angélique Faure in 1612. Their son Noël de Bullion succeeded his father as Lord Chancellor of The Order of the Holy Spirit. He died suddenly in Paris in 1640, leaving his wife to control his huge fortune. He was buried at night due to his unpopularity as Finance Minister. His tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution. Claude de Bullion Claude de Bullion (13 October 1569 – 22 December 1640) was a French aristocrat and politician who served as a Minister of Finance under Louis XIII from 1632 to 1640. He was a close ally of Cardinal Richelieu."
"forbidden by royal decree. Louis was also allegedly captivated by Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, who was later executed for conspiring with the Spanish enemy in time of war. Tallemant described how on a royal journey, the King """"sent M. le Grand [de Cinq-Mars] to undress, who returned, adorned like a bride. 'To bed, to bed' he said to him impatiently... and the mignon was not in before the king was already kissing his hands."""" Louis XIII died in Paris on 14 May 1643, the 33rd anniversary of his father's death. According to his biographer A. Lloyd Moote,"
"increasingly unpopular with the Parisians. Richelieu died in 1642, and Louis XIII six months later in 1643. The playwright and poet Pierre Corneille described the feelings of Parisians toward the King and his government in a sonnet written shortly after the King's death; ""In his name, ambition, pride, audacity and avarice made our laws: and while He was himself the most just of Kings, injustice ruled throughout his reign."" Richelieu died in 1642, and Louis XIII in 1643. At the death of his father, Louis XIV was only five years old, and his mother, Anne of Austria, became Regent. Richelieu's"
"Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (; 29 August 1619 – 6 September 1683) was a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1661 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. His relentless hard work and thrift made him an esteemed minister. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy. Historians note that, despite Colbert's efforts, France actually became increasingly impoverished because of the King's excessive spending on wars. Colbert worked to create a favourable balance of trade and"
"to receive new instructions. In 1641 he was forced out of Liège by the resurgent Chiroux party, opposed to French intervention in the principality. In 1654 he died of an apoplexy while at Luxeuil Abbey, and was buried there. René-Louis de Ficquelmont René-Louis de Ficquelmont (1589–1654), abbé de Mouzon, was commendatory abbot of Mouzon, Élan and Belval, and from 1624 to 1641 Louis XIII of France's diplomatic representative in the Principality of Liège. Ficquelmont was born in 1589 to Jean de Fiquelmont and Claude de Joyeuse. In 1609 he was appointed commendatory abbot of Mouzon, Élan and Belval. He was"
"Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon Louis Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, or Louis Henri I, Prince of Condé (18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740), was head of the Bourbon-Condé cadet branch of the France's reigning House of Bourbon from 1710 to his death, and served as prime minister to his kinsman Louis XV from 1723 to 1726. Despite succeeding as head of the House of Condé in 1709 as Prince of Condé, he never used that name, preferring the title Duke of Bourbon, and was known at court as ""Monsieur le Duc"". As a member of the reigning"
"died in 1666. Le Tellier, who became chancellor, said in council, when he heard the news: He had never seen a man more intelligent in business, less shaken at the least danger, less stunned by surprises, and more fertile in expedients to disentangle them happily. And the King Louis XIV said: I lost today the oldest, most loyal and most informed of my ministers. He wrote his memoirs for the instruction of her children: Memory containing the most remarkable events of the reign of Louis XIII and Louis XIV than to the death of Cardinal Mazarin. Henri-Auguste de Loménie, comte"
"able and zealous missionaries who would work among poor tenant farmers and country people in general. On 13 May 1643, with Louis XIII dead, Queen Anne had her husband's will annulled by the Parlement de Paris (a judicial body comprising mostly nobles and high clergymen). This action abolished the regency council and made Anne sole Regent of France. Anne exiled some of her husband's ministers (Chavigny, Bouthilier), and she nominated Brienne as her minister of foreign affairs; she also nominated Vincent de Paul as her spiritual adviser, which helped her deal with religious policy and the Jansenism question. In 1617,"
"position of chief minister of Louis XIII was not automatic or immediate. Despite the accounts of some later historians, Richelieu did not name Mazarin as his successor. Richelieu did, according to Mazarin himself, advise the King to employ Mazarin, who until that time had no official position at Court. After the death of Richelieu, Louis XIII named three prominent figures to advise him; François Sublet de Noyers, Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny and Mazarin. Mazarin and de Chavigny immediately joined together to get rid of de Noyers. They hinted to the King that de Noyers had secretly made an agreement"
"a fever, aged 43, in the midst of the campaign, at Longueville in Guienne, on 15 December 1621. His brother Honoré d'Albert (1581-1649), first duke of Chaulnes, was governor of Picardy and Marshal of France (1619), and defended his province successfully in 1625 and 1635. Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes Charles d'Albert, Duke of Luynes (5 August 1578 – Longueville, 15 December 1621) was French courtier and a favourite of Louis XIII, by whom he was made a Peer and Constable of France before dying at the height of his influence. He was the first son of Honoré d'Albert (d."
"Some time after in 1661, Louis XIV started his personal reign and named Charles as the Governor General of Picardy and Artois, a post his father had previously occupied. He married three times and had numerous illegitimate children. He died in Paris aged roughly 61. He was buried at the Église du couvent des Jacobins in Paris. He was succeeded by his third surviving son Henri Charles married three times; firstly to Anne Élisabeth de Lannoy (1626–1654), daughter of Charles de Lannoy; the couple married on 7 March 1648; Secondly he married Élisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne (daughter of the"
"who specialized in landscapes and spent most of his career in Rome; Louis Le Nain, who, along with his brothers, did mostly genre works; Eustache Le Sueur, and Charles Le Brun, who studied with Poussin in Rome and were influenced by him. With the death in 1661 of Cardinal Mazarin, the King's prime minister, Louis decided to take personal charge of all aspects of government, including the arts. His chief advisor on the arts was Jean Colbert (1619-1683), who was also his finance minister. In 1663 Colbert reorganized the Royal furniture workshops, which made a wide variety of luxury goods,"
"Louis XIV and his descendants refused to allow one of their ministers to be more important than the others, so the terms were not in use. After the 10 August 1792, Louis XVI and his family were imprisoned. However, after the fall of the First Empire in 1814, ""Chief Ministers"" appeared to represent the monarchy until its full Restoration. The position definitively ending only with the creation of the office of ""President of the Council of Ministers"" in 1815. Chief minister of France The chief minister of France or, closer to the French term, chief minister of state (), or"