"to different musical scales and keys. The instrument can record a repeating loop of adjustable length, set to any tempo, and new loops of sound can be layered on top of existing ones. This lends itself to electronic dance-music but is more limited for controlled sequences of notes, as the pad on a regular Kaossilator is featureless. The Eigenharp is a large instrument resembling a bassoon, which can be interacted with through big buttons, a drum sequencer and a mouthpiece. The sound processing is done on a separate computer. The XTH Sense is a wearable instrument that uses muscle sounds"
"of dulcians was a rarity; its primary function seems to have been to provide the bass in the typical wind band of the time, either loud (shawms) or soft (recorders), indicating a remarkable ability to vary dynamics to suit the need. Otherwise, dulcian technique was rather primitive, with eight finger holes and two keys, indicating that it could play in only a limited number of key signatures. The dulcian came to be known as ""fagotto"" in Italy. However, the usual etymology that equates ""fagotto"" with ""bundle of sticks"" is somewhat misleading, as the latter term did not come into general"
"and strings. (The flugelhorn is actually listed as ""bugle"" by the publisher, though in the ""orchestration"" list at the head of the score the specification is for ""Contralto Bugle in B (Fluegelhorn)"", and in the score itself, where all the other instruments are named in Italian, it is called in French and German, ""Bugle C-alto (Flügelhorn)"". However, the part is played on the flugelhorn. The French word for flugelhorn is ""bugle à pistons"", and the Italian is ""flicorno"".) Stravinsky wrote ""Threni"" for the Venice Biennale, not for liturgical use, and he chose the words himself to suit his musical purposes."
"Putipù The putipù is a musical instrument traditionally used in folk music of Southern Italy, in particular of Naples and surrounding regions. It is a friction drum, consisting of a cylindrical sound box closed at the top by a stretched membrane, with a bamboo cane attached at the center. The instrument is played by rubbing the rod with a wet hand, cloth, or sponge, that causes the membrane to vibrate. The putipu exists in several variants, differing on the materials and dimensions. Other common names are caccavella, puti-puti, pignato, cute-cute, cupellone, bufù (in Molise) and cupa-cupa (especially in Apulia). Some"
"Monkey stick The Mendoza, Mendozer, Monkey Stick, Murrumbidgee River Rattler, Lagerphone or Zob Stick is a traditional English percussion instrument, used in folk music. The origins of the name are not known but it is believed to stem from an association with Roma, Spanish and Italian buskers who were popular in London in the Victorian era. Alternatively, the name ""Monkey Stick"" could come from modern practice, in homage to the trained monkeys formerly used by buskers to solicit money from passersby. Some musicians have taken to fixing a small stuffed toy monkey to the tops of their instruments. The instrument"
"Chitarra battente The chitarra battente (in Italian ""strumming guitar"", however ""battente"" literally means ""beating"" related to the fact that this guitar thumps the rhythm of the music) is a musical instrument, a chordophone of the guitar family. It is similar to the 5-course baroque guitar, but larger and typically strung with five double strings, traditionally made of brass, but currently - steel. Nowadays it is typically used by folk musicians, mainly in the southern Italian regions of Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, and Campania, as well as in other areas of southern Italy; in past centuries the instrument was found in most"
"of central and southern Italy. It is considered a folk instrument, though it has its origins in the Italian court music in the early Baroque era. Musicologists refer to the ""historical"" as well as the ""folk"" ""chitarra battente"". There are many extant historical 17th century instruments in museums. The chitarra battente comes in three sizes. The medium and large instruments are the most common. The instrument may have five or four courses of strings. These courses are typically double or triple, a“course” being a group of 2 or 3 strings plucked as a single unit. Thus ""chitarra battente"" is typically"
"Chitarra Italiana Chitarra Italiana (; 'Italian guitar') is a lute-shaped plucked instrument with 4 or 5 single (sometimes double) strings, in a tuning similar to that of the guitar. It was common in Italy during the Renaissance Era. According to Renato Meucci, the designation of 'Italiana' followed the introduction to Italy of the flat-backed development of the instrument - referred to as ""chitarra alla spagnola "" (literally 'Spanish guitar'); to distinguish between the two versions. It is believed to have descended from Panduras, the Mediterranean lutes of Antiquity, and to be related to north African Quitra (or Kitra). Its bass"
"means ""symphony"" or ""many sounds played together"" and Georgian ""čiboni"". Zampogna Zampogna ( ) is a generic term for a number of Italian double chantered pipes that can be found as far north as the southern part of the Marche, throughout areas in Abruzzo, Latium, Molise, Basilicata, Campania, Calabria, and Sicily. The tradition is now mostly associated with Christmas, and the most famous Italian carol, ""Tu scendi dalle stelle"" (You Come Down From the Stars) is derived from traditional ""zampogna"" music. However, there is an ongoing resurgence of the instrument in secular use seen with the increasing number of folk"
"Raganella The raganella (Italian for ""tree frog"") is a percussion instrument common in the folk music of Calabria in southern Italy. Technically, the ""raganella"" is a ""cog rattle,"" producing a sound that is enough of a ""croak"" to have derived the folk name of the instrument from the Italian name of the common tree-frog. The ""raganella"" is about the size of a breadbox and consists of a wooden frame into which are fastened four or five stiff but flexible wooden tines fastened to one side of the frame; the other ends of the tines are struck in rapid succession by"
"Piano The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a shortened form of ""pianoforte"", the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument, which in turn derives from ""gravicembalo col piano e forte"" and"
"Violin family The violin family of musical instruments was developed in Italy in the 16th century. At the time the name of this family of instruments was violas da braccio which was used to distinguish them from the viol family (violas ""da gamba""). The standard modern violin family consists of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Instrument names in the violin family are all derived from the root ""viola"", which is a derivative of the Medieval Latin word ""vitula"" (meaning ""stringed instrument""). A ""violin"" is a ""little viola"", a ""violone"" is a ""big viola"" or a bass violin, and"
"Vaughan of Australia, and Paulina van Laarhoven of the Netherlands. Lirone The lirone (or lira da gamba) is the bass member of the ""lira"" family of instruments that was popular in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It is a bowed string instrument with between 9 and 16 gut strings and a fretted neck. When played, it is held between the legs in the manner of a cello or viol (viola da gamba). The ""Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"" describes the lirone as essentially a larger version of the ""lira da braccio"", which has a similar wide fingerboard,"
"Cetra Cetra, a Latin word borrowed from Greek, is an Italian descendant of ""κιθάρα"" (cithara). It is a synonym for the cittern but has been used for other instruments. The cithara was a stringed musical instrument, constructed in wood and similar to the lyre, with a larger harmonic case. It was widely used in ancient times. The instrument spread from ancient Greece, where it was played by professional citaredi, to Rome and Corsica. While originally a word for a lyre in Greece, eventually the word was applied to a necked-instrument. The name cetra was seen by musicologist and historian Laurence"
"Violone The term violone (; literally ""large viol"" in Italian, ""-one"" being the augmentative suffix) can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family. The violone is sometimes a fretted instrument, and may have six, five, four, or even only three strings. The violone is also not always a contrabass instrument. In modern parlance, one usually tries to clarify the 'type' of violone by adding a qualifier based on the tuning (such as ""G violone"" or ""D violone"") or on geography (such as ""Viennese violone""), or by using other terms that"
"which calls for pifferi. ""Piffaro"" is also the name of a performance ensemble specializing in Renaissance music. Piffero The piffero () or piffaro is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family (Sachs-Hornbostel category 422.112). It is used to play music in the tradition of the ""quattro province"", an area of mountains and valleys in the north-west Italian Apennines which includes parts of the four provinces of Alessandria, Genoa, Piacenza and Pavia. It is also played throughout Southern Italy with different fingering styles dictated by local tradition. The instrument is a descendant of the Medieval"
"Zampogna Zampogna ( ) is a generic term for a number of Italian double chantered pipes that can be found as far north as the southern part of the Marche, throughout areas in Abruzzo, Latium, Molise, Basilicata, Campania, Calabria, and Sicily. The tradition is now mostly associated with Christmas, and the most famous Italian carol, ""Tu scendi dalle stelle"" (You Come Down From the Stars) is derived from traditional ""zampogna"" music. However, there is an ongoing resurgence of the instrument in secular use seen with the increasing number of folk music festivals and folk music ensembles. All chanters and drones"
"Lirone The lirone (or lira da gamba) is the bass member of the ""lira"" family of instruments that was popular in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It is a bowed string instrument with between 9 and 16 gut strings and a fretted neck. When played, it is held between the legs in the manner of a cello or viol (viola da gamba). The ""Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"" describes the lirone as essentially a larger version of the ""lira da braccio"", which has a similar wide fingerboard, flat bridge, and leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal pegs. Its flat"
"Kanklės The kanklės () is a Lithuanian plucked string instrument (chordophone) belonging to the Baltic box zither family known as the Baltic psaltery, along with the Latvian kokles, Estonian kannel, Finnish kantele, and Russian gusli. According to Finnish linguist Eino Nieminen, the name of the instrument, along with the names of most of its neighbouring counterparts (Latvian ""kokles"", Finnish ""kantele"", Estonian ""kannel"" and Livonian ""kāndla""), possibly comes from the proto-Baltic form ""*kantlīs""/""*kantlēs"", which originally meant 'the singing tree', most likely deriving from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*qan-"" ('to sing, to sound'; cf. Latin ""canto, cantus, canticum"", Italian ""cantare"", French ""chanter"", English"
"Italian ""viola"", from Old Provençal ""viola"", [which came from] Medieval Latin ""vitula"""" as a term which means ""stringed instrument,"" perhaps [coming] from Vitula, Roman goddess of joy..., or from related Latin verb ""vitulari"", ""to exult, be joyful."" The related term """"Viola da gamba"""" means ""bass viol"" (1724) is from Italian, literally ""a viola for the leg"" (i.e. to hold between the legs)."" A violin is the ""modern form of the smaller, medieval viola da braccio."" The violin is often called a fiddle, either when used in a folk music context, or even in Classical music scenes, as an informal nickname"
"typically reaches an octave below the double bass. Violin family The violin family of musical instruments was developed in Italy in the 16th century. At the time the name of this family of instruments was violas da braccio which was used to distinguish them from the viol family (violas ""da gamba""). The standard modern violin family consists of the violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Instrument names in the violin family are all derived from the root ""viola"", which is a derivative of the Medieval Latin word ""vitula"" (meaning ""stringed instrument""). A ""violin"" is a ""little viola"", a ""violone"" is"
"The cittern or cithren (Fr. cistre, It. cetra, Ger. zitter, zither, Sp. cistro, cedra, cítola)[1] is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance. Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. Its flat-back design was simpler and cheaper to construct than the lute. It was also easier to play, smaller, less delicate and more portable. Played by all classes, the cittern was a premier instrument of casual music-making much as is the guitar today."
"Kannel (instrument) Kannel () is an Estonian plucked string instrument (chordophone) belonging to the Baltic box zither family known as the Baltic psaltery along with Finnish kantele, Latvian kokles, Lithuanian kanklės, and Russian gusli. The Estonian kannel has a variety of traditional tunings. In Estonia, studying the kannel has made a resurgence after some years of decline. According to Finnish linguist Eino Nieminen, the name of the instrument, along with the names of most of its neighbouring counterparts (Finnish ""kantele"", Livonian ""kāndla"", Latvian ""kokles"" and Lithuanian ""kanklės""), possibly comes from the proto-Baltic form ""*kantlīs""/""*kantlēs"", which originally meant 'the singing tree',"
"reduction or doing a reduction from the full score), so that they can develop their interpretation. Piano The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a shortened form of ""pianoforte"", the Italian term for the early"
"double-reed (""piffero"") pipes are commonly played in groups of two or three. Several folk bagpipes are well-known, including central Italy's ""zampogna""; dialect names for the bagpipe vary throughout Italy-- ""beghet"" in Bergamo, ""piva"" in Lombardy, ""müsa"" in Alessandria, Genoa, Pavia and Piacenza, and so forth. Numerous percussion instruments are a part of Italian folk music, including wood blocks, bells, castanets, drums. Several regions have their own distinct form of rattle, including the ""raganella"" cog rattle and the Calabrian ""conocchie"", a spinning or shepherd's staff with permanently attached seed rattles with ritual fertility significance. The Neapolitan rattle is the ""triccaballacca"", made"
"song tradition extends through many holidays throughout the year. Instrumentation is an integral part of all facets of Italian folk music. There are several instruments that retain older forms even while newer models have become widespread elsewhere in Europe. Many Italian instruments are tied to certain rituals or occasions, such as the ""zampogna"" bagpipe, typically heard only at Christmas. Italian folk instruments can be divided into string, wind and percussion categories. Common instruments include the ""organetto"", an accordion most closely associated with the saltarello; the diatonic button ""organetto"" is most common in central Italy, while chromatic accordions prevail in the"
"Bladder fiddle The bladder fiddle (also known as bumbass or poispil) is a folk instrument used throughout Europe. The instrument was a simple large monochord made with a long stick, a thick gut string, and a pig's bladder. It is bowed with either a notched stick or a horsehair bow. It is known under different names; in Germany it was called the bumbass, in France the ""basse de Flandre"", and in England a drone, ""drone and string"" or bladder fiddle. In Germany sometimes a bell or cymbal was added to the top for decoration or additional sound. In England it"
"some ways more versatile. However towards the end of the twentieth century the bagpipes made a comeback and today the piffero is commonly accompanied by either of these instruments, or by both. Other regional names for the piffero in Southern Italy are ""ciaramella"" or ""pipita."" It is still commonly played in accompaniment with the Southern Italian Zampogna, an instrument which itself is essentially a series of pifferos stuck into a common stock and supplied with air through the use of a goat skin bag. In some regions of Southern Italy, particularly in the Valle Lucania, two pifferos are played simultaneously"
"or five-stringed guitar called the ""chitarra battente"", and a three-stringed, bowed fiddle called the ""lira"", which is also found in similar forms in the music of Crete and Southeastern Europe. A one-stringed, bowed fiddle called the ""torototela"", is common in the northeast of the country. The largely German-speaking area of South Tyrol is known for the zither, and the ""ghironda"" (hurdy-gurdy) is found in Emilia, Piedmont and Lombardy. Existing, rooted and widespread traditions confirm the production of ephemeral and toy instruments made of bark, reed (arundo donax), leaves, fibers and stems, as it emerges, for example, from Fabio Lombardi's research."
"Piffero The piffero () or piffaro is a double reed musical instrument with a conical bore, of the oboe family (Sachs-Hornbostel category 422.112). It is used to play music in the tradition of the ""quattro province"", an area of mountains and valleys in the north-west Italian Apennines which includes parts of the four provinces of Alessandria, Genoa, Piacenza and Pavia. It is also played throughout Southern Italy with different fingering styles dictated by local tradition. The instrument is a descendant of the Medieval shawm and belongs to the family of the bombarde. The reed used by the ""piffero"" is inserted"
"entitle sets of their works. These composers included Legrenzi, Marcello and Vivaldi. In Monteverdi's opera ""L'Orfeo"" (1607, libretto by Alessandro Striggio) Orpheus refers to his instrument as a Cetra (e.g. in the aria """", act 4). Cetra Cetra, a Latin word borrowed from Greek, is an Italian descendant of ""κιθάρα"" (cithara). It is a synonym for the cittern but has been used for other instruments. The cithara was a stringed musical instrument, constructed in wood and similar to the lyre, with a larger harmonic case. It was widely used in ancient times. The instrument spread from ancient Greece, where it"
"Kokles Kokles (; ) or kokle ""(kūkle)"" is a Latvian plucked string instrument (chordophone) belonging to the Baltic box zither family known as the Baltic psaltery along with Lithuanian kanklės, Estonian kannel, Finnish kantele, and Russian gusli. The first possible kokles related archeological findings in the territory of modern Latvia are from the 13th century, while the first reliable written information about kokles playing comes from the beginning of the 17th century. The first known kokles tune was notated in 1891, but the first kokles recordings into gramophone records and movies were made in 1930s. Both kokles and kokles playing"
"Gadulka The gadulka () is a traditional Bulgarian bowed string instrument. Alternate spellings are ""gǎdulka"", ""gudulka"" and ""g'dulka"". Its name comes from a root meaning ""to make noise, hum or buzz"". The gadulka is an integral part of Bulgarian traditional instrumental ensembles, commonly played in the context of dance music. The gadulka commonly has three (occasionally four or five Mincho Minchev) main strings with up to sixteen sympathetic resonating strings underneath introduced by the legendary Mincho Nedyalkov. Only the main melodic strings are touched by the player's fingers and the strings are never pressed all the way down to touch"