"Tables (board game) Tables is a general name given to a class of board games similar to backgammon, played on a board with two rows of 12 vertical markings called ""points"". Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tables games are among the oldest known board games, and many variants are played throughout the world. The ancient Egyptians played a game called Senet, which belonged to the same family of ""race games"" as modern tables games, with moves controlled by the roll of dice as early as 3500 BC. The Royal Game of Ur, played in ancient Mesopotamia,"
"the three cubical dice. Little specific text about the gameplay of Ludus duodecim scriptorum has survived; it may have been related to the older Ancient Greek dice game Kubeia. The earliest known mention of the game is in Ovid's Ars Amatoria (The Art of Love) (written between 1 BC and 8 AD). In Roman times this game was also known as alea, and a likely apocryphal Latin story linked this name, and the game, to a Trojan soldier named Alea. Race board games involving dice have existed for millennia in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean, including the game senet"
"been dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century CE. More than 800 names of traditional mancala games are known, and almost 200 invented games have been described. However, some names denote the same game, while some names are used for more than one game. Today, the game is played worldwide, with many distinct variants representing different regions of the Third World. Archaeologist Barbara Voorhies has theorized that a series of holes on clay floors arranged in c shapes at the Tlacuachero archaeological site in Mexico's Chiapas state may be 5000-year-old dice-game scoreboards. If so this would be"
"also be an ancestor of modern-day table games like backgammon. It used tetrahedral dice. In the modern Middle East, backgammon is a common feature of coffeehouses. Race board games involving dice have a long history in Iraq, including the Royal Game of Ur in Babylon. Today the game is commonly played in Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and other Arab countries. In the (modern) Arab Levant and Iraq it is called ""tawle"" which means table, and it is also called ""shesh besh"" (shesh means 6 in Aramaic and Phoenician, but derives from Phoenician). Backgammon is one of the oldest games"
"dice, there is no known evidence linking the games. Another factor casting doubt on this link is that the latest known classical senet board is over half of a millennium older than the earliest known XII scripta board. Very little information about specific gameplay has survived. The game was played using three cubic dice, and each player had 15 pieces. A possible ""beginners' board"", having spaces marked with letters, has suggested a possible path for the movement of pieces. The earliest known mention of the game is in Ovid's ""Ars Amatoria"" (""The Art of Love"") (written between 1 BC and"
"The Game (dice game) The Game is a dice game designed by Reinhold Wittig. It was first published in Germany in 1979, without rules and under the German name ""Das Spiel"". It contains a triangular base plate and 281 dice of four different colours, and a rule book that gives rules for some 50+ games. Most of the games are centered on building or demolishing pyramids of dice, but there are also racing games and games of skill. The game has been originally published by Diego Rodriguez (Reinhold Wittig), Göttingen, in 1979. ""The Game"" won the 1980 Spiel des Jahres"
"Senet Senet (or senat) is a board game from ancient Egypt, whose original rules are the subject of conjecture. The oldest hieroglyph resembling a senet game dates to around 3100 BC. The full name of the game in Egyptian is thought to have been ""zn.t n.t ḥˁb"", meaning the ""game of passing"". Senet is one of the oldest known board games. Fragmentary boards that could be senet have been found in First Dynasty burials in Egypt, c. 3100 BC. A hieroglyph resembling a senet board appears in the tomb of Merknera (3300–2700 BC). The first unequivocal painting of this ancient"
"deemed an automatic loss. The various sets of rules can be divided into two broad categories according to how betting is handled. In ""banking games"", one player serves as a banker, who covers the individual bets of the other players, each of whom competes directly with the bank. In ""non-banking games"", each player has essentially equal status, and rules must exist for the players to pool their bets and attempt to win from a common pot. In 1893, Stewart Culin reported that Cee-lo was the most popular dice game played by Chinese-Americans. Many today still play the game, mostly in"
"Primero Primero (in English also called Primus, """", or in Italian "" or Spanish ""Primera"")"", is a 16th-century gambling card game of which the earliest reference dates back to 1526. Primero is closely related to the game of primo visto (a.k.a. prima-vista, and various other spellings), if not the same. The gambling game with this name goes back to the 16th century, being known to Gerolamo Cardano as ', which he thought of as the noblest of all card games, to François Rabelais as ', and to Shakespeare as primero. It still seems uncertain whether the game of primero is"
"Dudo Dudo (Spanish for ""I doubt""), also known as Cacho, Pico, Perudo, Cachito or Dadinho is popular dice game played in South America. It is a more specific version of a family of games collectively called Liar's Dice, which has many forms and variants. This game can be played by two or more players and consists of guessing how many dice, placed under cups, there are on the table showing a certain number. The player who loses a round loses one of their dice. The last player to still have dice is the winner. Each player starts having five dice"
"not even know) the ""official rules"". Games historian Eddie Duggan (University of Suffolk) provides a brief resume of ideas related to the ancient Egyptian game of senet (together with an overview of the so-called ""Royal Game of Ur"") and a version of rules for play in his teaching notes on ancient games. Senet Senet (or senat) is a board game from ancient Egypt, whose original rules are the subject of conjecture. The oldest hieroglyph resembling a senet game dates to around 3100 BC. The full name of the game in Egyptian is thought to have been ""zn.t n.t ḥˁb"", meaning"
"Giuoco Piano The Giuoco Piano (Italian: ""Quiet Game""; ), also called the Italian Opening, is a chess opening beginning with the moves: Common alternatives to 3...Bc5 include 3...Nf6 (the Two Knights Defence) and 3...Be7 (the Hungarian Defence). Much less common are 3...d6 (the Semi-Italian Opening), 3...g6, 3...Nd4 (the Blackburne Shilling Gambit), and 3...f5 (the Rousseau Gambit). The Giuoco Piano is one of the oldest recorded openings. The Portuguese Damiano played it at the beginning of the 16th century and the Italian Greco played it at the beginning of the 17th century. The opening is also known as the Italian Game"
"Nine Men's Morris, Draughts, Nim, Catch the Hare and the Game of the Goose. Dice games were widely played throughout Europe and included Hazard, Chuck-a-luck, Glückshaus, Shut the Box and knucklebones. Card games first arrived in Italy from Mamluk Egypt in the 14th century, with suits very similar to the Swords, Clubs, Cups and Coins and those still used in traditional Italian and Spanish decks. The four suits most commonly encountered today (spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs) appear to have originated in France circa 1480. 1440s Italy saw the rise of tarot cards and this led to the development of"
"Piquet Piquet (; ) is an early 16th-century trick-taking card game for two players that is still popular today. Piquet is one of the oldest card games still being played. It was first mentioned on a written reference dating to 1535, in ""Gargantua and Pantagruel"" by Rabelais. Although legend attributes the game's creation to Stephen de Vignolles, also known as La Hire, a knight in the service of Charles VII during the Hundred Years' War, it may possibly have come into France from Spain because the words """"pique"""" and """"repique"""", the main features of the game, are of Spanish origin."
"Noddy (card game) Noddy (O.F. ""naudin"", also Noddie or Nodde) is a 16th-century English card game ancestor of Cribbage. It is the oldest identifiable card game with this gaming structure and a relative to the more-complicated 18th century game Costly Colours. The earliest reference to the game of Noddy in The Oxford English Dictionary dates from 1589. The basic term noddy, means a fool or simpleton, but in the gaming sense, it is just the name given to the Knave of the suit turned up at the start of play. A very interesting description of the game can be found"
"Italian Game The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning with the moves: The opening is defined by the of the white bishop to c4 (the so-called """"), where it attacks Black's vulnerable f7-square. It is part of the large family of Open Games or Double King's Pawn Games. The Italian Game is one of the oldest recorded chess openings; it occurs in the Göttingen manuscript and was developed by players such as Damiano and Polerio in the 16th century, and later by Greco in 1620, who gave the game its main line. It has been extensively analysed"
"the oldest archaeological evidence for a game in the Americas. Dice games were popular throughout the Americas. Patolli was one of the most popular board games played by mesoamerican peoples such as the Mayans, Toltecs and Aztecs, it was a race game played with beans or dice on square and oval-shaped boards and gambling was a key aspect of it. The Andean peoples also played a dice game which is called by the Quechua word ""pichca"" or ""pisca"". One of the oldest known ball games in history is the Mesoamerican ballgame (""Ōllamaliztli"" in Nahuatl). ""Ōllamaliztli"" was played as far back"
"on a database containing precomputed equities for all possible bearoff positions. Computer-versus-computer competitions are also held at Computer Olympiad events. Backgammon is one of the oldest games in existence. Its history can be traced back nearly 5,000 years to its origins in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). Excavations in Iraq have shown that a board race game existed there around 5000 BC. The world's oldest set of dice (made from human bone) were recently discovered in that part of the world. Modern Iraqis continue to enjoy playing the game. The Royal Game of Ur, originating in ancient Mesopotamia before 2600 BC, may"
"is still very much played in central Europe and Spain with Italian-suited cards, under the name of ""goffo"" or ""bambara"", remaining the major native vying game of Italy. Alessandro Striggio's madrigal dramatizing a party of the game ""II gioco di primiera"" was published in 1569. This old game of cards was called ' in France, ' in Spain, and ' in Italy. All names derived from the Latin ', 'first'. In English literature, besides the occasional use of the foreign names, the game is designated primero (and also prima-vista, a probable variant), with the usual corruptions in spelling of the"
"many variations of the game have developed in recent years. The three most popular variants are: The following are examples of known variations in play, setup, and scoring: It is also possible to play extended versions in which each game is a ""round"" of a longer game. Examples of such versions include: Unconfirmed histories of the game suggest a variety of origins, including 12th century Normandy (northern France) as well as the mid 20th century Channel Islands (Jersey and Guernsey) thanks to a man known as Mr. 'Chalky' Towbridge. There is printed evidence of a dice game known as ""shut"
"Mooncake Festival Dice Game The Mooncake Festival Dice Game also known as Pua Tiong Chiu or Bo Bing Chinese dice game traditionally played as part of the celebration of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The history of the game dates back to the 1600s when it was conceptualized by Chinese general, Zheng Chenggong of the Southern Ming along with his lower officer Hong Xu. Zheng at the time the game was invented was stationed with his troops in Xiamen where they are preparing to take Taiwan from the Dutch which was occupied by the Europeans since 1624. The game was an attempt"
"Zambales dice game The Zambales dice game was played by the Negritos of the Zambales region of the Philippines. The dice game was recorded by William Allan Reed and published in his book entitled ""Negritos of Zambales, Volume 2, Parts 1-3"" (1904), and it is described on page 49. Two small wooden cubes are used as dice, each marked with the following on its six sides: I, II, III, X, +, #. The player has five chances to throw the two dice. If the player pairs the dice, he or she wins (Reed does not clarify if the game ends"
"This risk of having a wrong prediction is greater. Dudo Dudo (Spanish for ""I doubt""), also known as Cacho, Pico, Perudo, Cachito or Dadinho is popular dice game played in South America. It is a more specific version of a family of games collectively called Liar's Dice, which has many forms and variants. This game can be played by two or more players and consists of guessing how many dice, placed under cups, there are on the table showing a certain number. The player who loses a round loses one of their dice. The last player to still have dice"
"they instead are the central indicator of the person's standing in the game. Popular dice games include ""Yahtzee"", Farkle, Bunco, Liar's dice/Perudo, and Poker dice. As dice are, by their very nature, designed to produce apparently random numbers, these games usually involve a high degree of luck, which can be directed to some extent by the player through more strategic elements of play and through tenets of probability theory. Such games are thus popular as gambling games; the game of Craps is perhaps the most famous example, though Liar's dice and Poker dice were originally conceived of as gambling games."
"been re-rolled. The genre has its roots in South America, with games there being known as Dudo, Cachito, Perudo or Dadinho; other names include ""pirate's dice,"" ""deception dice"" and ""diception."" The drinking game version is sometimes called ""Mexicali"" or ""Mexican"" in the United States; the latter term may be a corruption of ""Mäxchen"" (""Little Max""), the name by which a similar game, Mia, is known in Germany, while Liar's dice is known in Germany as ""Bluff"". It is known by various names in Asia. Five dice are used per player with dice cups used for concealment. Each round, each player"
"Asia. In Ancient Rome, elongated four-sided dice were called ""tali"" while the six-sided cubic dice were ""tesserae"". In India and Tibet, three four-sided long dice were rolled sequentially as an oracle, to produce 1 of 64 possible outcomes. The ancient Jewish dreidel is a four-sided long die with one end changed into a handle, to allow it to be spun like a top. The ancient Mesopotamian Royal Game of Ur uses eight four-sided pyramid-shaped dice made out of rock, half of them colored white, and half black. The Scandinavian game daldøs uses a four-sided long die. Role-playing games involving four-sided"
"of Spanish or Italian origin. Although Daines Barrington is of the opinion that it is of Spanish origin, a poem of Francesco Berni is the earliest known writing to mention the game; it affords proof that it was at least commonly played in Italy at the beginning of the 16th century. His work entitled ""Capitolo del Gioco della Primiera"", published in Rome in 1526, and believed to be the earliest extant work describing a card game, contains some particulars on primero. According to David Parlett, the game's card-point system is found in other Italian games but nowhere else. The game"
"English Dictionary, dates from 1589. It is now presumed extinct, although recent reports suggests it is still played in parts of Lancashire. Noddy (card game) Noddy (O.F. ""naudin"", also Noddie or Nodde) is a 16th-century English card game ancestor of Cribbage. It is the oldest identifiable card game with this gaming structure and a relative to the more-complicated 18th century game Costly Colours. The earliest reference to the game of Noddy in The Oxford English Dictionary dates from 1589. The basic term noddy, means a fool or simpleton, but in the gaming sense, it is just the name given to"
"Dal Negro Dal Negro is an Italian company that produces playing cards, tarot cards, divination cards, chess, backgammon, roulette wheels, and toys for children. The company has its registered office, from 2002, in Carbonera in the Treviso area. Its origins date back to 1756, as a factory of playing cards, owned by an Austrian situated in the city of Treviso. It was purchased in 1928 by Dal Negro family. For decades it had several locations in the town of Treviso, before arriving in the new location. In 2003, it bought rival Masenghini but has kept the brands separate. The following"
"to the game is thought to be a passage in the Talmud, although some claim it refers to the Greek game Kubeia. Another early reference is to be found in the Middle Persian romance ""Chatrang-namak"" (written between the 7th and 9th centuries) which attributes the invention of the game to Bozorgmehr. The ""Shahnameh"" (written around the year 1000) also attributes the invention to Bozorgmehr. By the 17th century the game was played in Georgia under the name of ""nardi"", and by the 19th century it was being played by the Kalmucks, who called it ""narr"". During most part of the"
"chess or Go possess relatively simple , but have great strategic depth. Board games have been played in most cultures and societies throughout history. A number of important historical sites, artifacts, and documents shed light on early board games such as Jiroft civilization gameboards in Iran. Senet, found in Predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt, c. 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively, is the oldest board game known to have existed. Senet was pictured in a fresco found in Merknera's tomb (3300–2700 BC). Also from predynastic Egypt is Mehen. Backgammon originated in ancient Persia over 5,000 years ago. Chess,"
"Trente et Quarante Trente et Quarante (Thirty and Forty), also called Rouge et Noir (Red and Black), is a 17th-century gambling card game of French origin played with cards and a special table. It is rarely found in US casinos, but still very popular in Continental European casinos, especially in France, Italy, and Monaco. It is a simple game that usually gives the players a very good expected return of more than 98%. Two croupiers sit on each side of the table, one of them being the dealer; behind the two on the side opposite to the dealer a supervisor"
"is another member of the family. Recent excavations at the ""Burnt City"" in Iran showed that a similar game existed there around 3000 BC. The artifacts include two dice and 60 pieces. The set is believed to be 100 to 200 years older than the sets found in Ur. Though they are all race games they cannot be direct ancestors of backgammon. The τάβλη of Zeno's time is believed to be a direct descendant of the earlier ancient Roman ""Ludus duodecim scriptorum"" (""game of twelve lines"" or, better, ""game of twelve signs"") with that board's middle row of points removed,"