"Mercury(I) fluoride Mercury(I) fluoride or mercurous fluoride is the chemical compound composed of mercury and fluorine with the formula HgF. It consists of small yellow cubic crystals, which turn black when exposed to light. Mercury(I) fluoride is prepared by the reaction of mercury(I) carbonate with hydrofluoric acid: When added to water, mercury(I) fluoride hydrolyzes to elemental liquid mercury, mercury(II) oxide, and hydrofluoric acid: It can be used in the Swarts reaction to convert alkyl halides into alkyl fluorides: In common with other Hg(I) (mercurous) compounds which contain linear X-Hg-Hg-X units, HgF contains linear FHgF units with an Hg-Hg bond length"
"planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal; the Sanskrit word for alchemy is ""Rasavātam"" which means ""the way of mercury"". Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name. Mercury was found in Egyptian tombs that date from 1500 BC. In China and Tibet, mercury use was thought to prolong life, heal fractures, and maintain generally good health, although it is now known that exposure to mercury vapor leads to serious adverse health effects. The first emperor of China, Qín Shǐ Huáng Dì—allegedly"
"deposited later by meteorites which contained the element. This supposedly explains why, in prehistory, gold appeared as nuggets on the earth's surface. Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum ( < Greek """" ""water"" and """" ""silver""). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, francium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. With a freezing"
"""water-silver"" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) — since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal. Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name. The heaviest known group 12 element, copernicium, was first created on February 9, 1996, at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by Sigurd Hofmann, Victor Ninov et al."
"Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of March 2017, no discovered elements have such a name), and are written with the first letter capitalized. Earlier chemical element symbols stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because"
"Methylmercury Methylmercury (sometimes methyl mercury) is an organometallic cation with the formula . It is the major source of organic mercury for all humans. It is a bioaccumulative environmental toxicant. ""Methylmercury"" is a shorthand for ""methylmercury cation"", and is more correctly """"methylmercury(1+) cation"""" or """"methylmercury(II) cation"""". It is composed of a methyl group (-) bonded to a mercury ion; its chemical formula is (sometimes written as MeHg). As a positively charged ion it readily combines with anions such as chloride (), hydroxide () and nitrate (). It also has very high affinity for sulfur-containing anions, particularly the thiol (-) groups"
"(Medieval Latin amalgama, ""alloy of mercury"") with other metals. Alchemists thought of mercury as the First Matter from which all metals were formed. They believed that different metals could be produced by varying the quality and quantity of sulfur contained within the mercury. The purest of these was gold, and mercury was called for in attempts at the transmutation of base (or impure) metals into gold, which was the goal of many alchemists. Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from ""hydrargyrum"", a Latinized form of the Greek word Ύδραργυρος (""hydrargyros""), which is a compound word meaning"
"Mercury selenide Mercury selenide (HgSe) is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium. It is a grey-black crystalline solid semi-metal with a sphalerite structure. The lattice constant is 0.608 nm. Mercury selenide can also refer to the following chemical compounds: HgSe and HgSe. HgSe is strictly mercury(II) selenide. HgSe occurs naturally as the mineral Tiemannite. Along with other II-VI compounds, colloidal nanocrystals of HgSe can be formed. HgSe is non-toxic as long as it is not ingested due to its insolubility. Toxic hydrogen selenide fumes can be evolved on exposure to acids. HgSe is a relatively stable compound which might"
"SYMBOL FOR GOLD"" (🜚 U+1F71A) in the Alchemical Symbols block. The Mars symbol (♂) is a depiction of a circle with an arrow emerging from it, pointing at an angle to the upper right. As astrological symbol it represents the planet Mars (connected to the god Mars (Ares)) and hence iron in alchemy. In zoology and botany, it is used to represent the male sex (alongside the astrological symbol for Venus representing the female sex), following a convention introduced by Linnaeus in the 1750s. The symbol in its current form represents spear and shield and dates to the early 16th"
"🌕) and ""waning"" (U+263E ☾). The symbol for Mercury(U+263F ) is ultimately derived from the caduceus, or intertwined serpents, which were the main attribute of Mercury/Hermes throughout antiquity. The caduceus was usually shown with at least three loops, but this was simplified to a single loop in the diagram of Kamateros (12th century). The modern symbol has also been interpreted as representing the god's winged headdress. The Venus symbol (♀) consists of a circle with a small cross below it. It originates in Late Antiquity as an astrological symbol for the planet Venus (associated with the goddess Venus), and hence"
"Magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe. It is produced in large, aging stars from the sequential addition of three helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. When such stars explode as supernovas, much of"
"Samarium Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Compounds of samarium(II) are also known, most notably the monoxide SmO, monochalcogenides SmS, SmSe and SmTe, as well as samarium(II) iodide. The last compound is a common reducing agent in chemical synthesis. Samarium has no significant biological role but is only slightly toxic. Samarium was discovered in 1879 by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran and named after the"
"point of −38.83 °C and boiling point of 356.73 °C, mercury has one of the narrowest ranges of its liquid state of any metal. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is mostly obtained by reduction from cinnabar. Cinnabar is highly toxic by ingestion or inhalation of the dust. Mercury poisoning can also result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), inhalation of mercury vapor, or eating seafood contaminated with mercury. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches, and other"
"selenide (HgSe) and mercury(II) telluride (HgTe) are also known, these as well as various derivatives, e.g. mercury cadmium telluride and mercury zinc telluride being semiconductors useful as infrared detector materials. Mercury(II) salts form a variety of complex derivatives with ammonia. These include Millon's base (HgN), the one-dimensional polymer (salts of )), and ""fusible white precipitate"" or [Hg(NH)]Cl. Known as Nessler's reagent, potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) () is still occasionally used to test for ammonia owing to its tendency to form the deeply colored iodide salt of Millon's base. Mercury fulminate is a detonator widely used in explosives. Organic mercury compounds are historically"
"than any other planet. The astronomical symbol for Mercury is a stylized version of Hermes' caduceus. The Roman-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy wrote about the possibility of planetary transits across the face of the Sun in his work ""Planetary Hypotheses"". He suggested that no transits had been observed either because planets such as Mercury were too small to see, or because the transits were too infrequent. In ancient China, Mercury was known as ""the Hour Star"" (""Chen-xing"" ). It was associated with the direction north and the phase of water in the Five Phases system of metaphysics. Modern Chinese, Korean, Japanese and"
"(namely those in the actinium decay family, the radium decay family, and the thorium decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by Ernest Rutherford. General: From organic chemistry: Exotic atoms: Symbol (chemistry) In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element. Many functional groups have their own chemical symbol, e.g. Ph for the phenyl group, and Me for the methyl group. Chemical symbols for elements normally consist of one or two letters from the Latin alphabet, but can contain three when the element has a systematic temporary name (as of"
"mean that it is less toxic than elemental mercury or many organometallic mercury compounds. Selenium's ability to complex with mercury has been proposed as a reason for the lack of mercury toxicity in deep sea fish despite high mercury levels. Mercury selenide Mercury selenide (HgSe) is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium. It is a grey-black crystalline solid semi-metal with a sphalerite structure. The lattice constant is 0.608 nm. Mercury selenide can also refer to the following chemical compounds: HgSe and HgSe. HgSe is strictly mercury(II) selenide. HgSe occurs naturally as the mineral Tiemannite. Along with other II-VI compounds,"
"Neptunium Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus. A neptunium atom has 93 protons and 93 electrons, of which seven are valence electrons. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. The element occurs in three allotropic forms and it normally exhibits five oxidation states, ranging from +3 to +7. It is radioactive, poisonous, pyrophoric, and can"
"Mercury(II) hydride Mercury(II) hydride (systematically named mercurane(2) and dihydridomercury) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written as ). It is both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable at standard temperature and pressure, hence little is known about its bulk properties at these conditions. However, it is kinetically stable at temperatures below , presenting as a white solid, or as a colourless vapour at partial pressures. It has no economic uses, and is only intentionally produced for academic reasons. It is investigated as an intermediate chemical species in the reduction of mercuric solutions to elemental mercury, and for its effect"
"Mercury telluride Mercury telluride (HgTe) is a binary chemical compound of mercury and tellurium. It is a semi-metal related to the II-VI group of semiconductor materials. Alternative names are mercuric telluride and mercury(II) telluride. HgTe occurs in nature as the mineral form coloradoite. All properties are at standard temperature and pressure unless stated otherwise. The lattice parameter is about 0.646 nm in the cubic crystalline form. The bulk modulus is about 42.1 GPa. The thermal expansion coefficient is about 5.2×10/K. Static dielectric constant 20.8, dynamic dielectric constant 15.1. Thermal conductivity is low at 2.7 W·m/(m·K). HgTe bonds are weak leading"
"Neodymium Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare earth, it is a fairly common element, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. Most"
"pushes neutral atoms away from Mercury, creating a comet-like tail behind it. The main component in the tail is sodium, which has been detected beyond 24 million km (1000 R) from the planet. This sodium tail expands rapidly to a diameter of about 20,000 km at a distance of 17,500 km. In 2009, ""MESSENGER"" also detected calcium and magnesium in the tail, although these elements were only observed at distances less than 8 R. Atmosphere of Mercury Mercury has a very tenuous and highly variable atmosphere (surface-bound exosphere) containing hydrogen, helium, oxygen, sodium, calcium, potassium and water vapor, with a"
"and health. Tellurium Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. It is occasionally found in native form as elemental crystals. Tellurium is far more common in the universe as a whole than on Earth. Its extreme rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is due partly to its high atomic number, but also to its formation of a volatile hydride which caused it to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular"
"Mercury(I) hydride Mercury(I) hydride (systematically named mercury hydride) is an inorganic compound with the empirical chemical formula HgH. It has not yet been obtained in bulk, hence its bulk properties remain unknown. However, molecular mercury(I) hydrides with the formulae HgH and have been isolated in solid gas matrices. The molecular hydrides are very unstable toward thermal decomposition. As such the compound is not well characterised, although many of its properties have been calculated via computational chemistry. In 1979 and 1985, Swiss chemical physicists, Egger and Gerber, and Soviet chemical physicists, Kolbycheva and Kolbychev, independently, theoretically determined that it is feasible"
"Ethylmercury Ethylmercury (sometimes ethyl mercury) is a cation composed of an organic CHCH- species (an ethyl group) bound to a mercury(II) centre, making it a type of organometallic cation, and giving it a chemical formula is CHHg. It is one of the metabolites of thiomersal (thimerosal or sodium ethyl mercuric thiosalicylate), which is used as a preservative in some vaccines. The term ""ethylmercury"" is also sometimes used as a generic term to describe organomercury compounds which include the ethylmercury functional group, such as ethylmercury chloride and ethylmercury urea. Given the comparable electronegativities of mercury and carbon, the mercury-carbon bond is"
"Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(II) sulfate, commonly called mercuric sulfate, is the chemical compound HgSO. It is an odorless solid that forms white granules or crystalline powder. In water, it separates into an insoluble sulfate with a yellow color and sulfuric acid. In 1932, the Japanese chemical company Chisso Corporation began using mercury sulfate as the catalyst for the production of acetaldehyde from acetylene and water. Though it was unknown at the time, methylmercury is formed as side product of this reaction. Exposure and consumption of the mercury waste products, including methylmercury, that were dumped into Minamata Bay by Chisso are believed"
"until the summer of 1999. Bjørklund was in the 1990s also freelance journalist for Sunnhetsbladet - the oldest popular medical journal in Norway. In the late 1990s, Bjørklund had consulting assignments for the Norwegian Board of Health (). He was coauthor of two of their expert reports on the use of dental filling materials. In 2001, Geir Bjørklund founded the Nordic Journal of Biological Medicine (). He was editor of this journal until its last issue was distributed in 2003. Mercury (Hg) is a liquid, silver gray, heavy metallic, toxic element with unique physicochemical properties. Mercury occurs in three chemical"
"Promethium Promethium is a chemical element with symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is extremely rare, with only about 500-600 grams naturally occurring in Earth's crust at any given time, and one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide. Promethium shows only one stable oxidation state of +3. In 1902 Bohuslav Brauner suggested that there was a then-unknown element with properties intermediate between those of the known elements neodymium (60) and samarium (62);"
"Mercury(I) sulfide Mercury(I) sulfide or mercurous sulfide is a hypothetical chemical compound of mercury and sulfur, with elemental formula . Its existence has been disputed; it may be stable below 0 °C or in suitable environments, but is unstable at room temperature, decomposing into metallic mercury and mercury(II) sulfide (mercuric sulfide, cinnabar). This compound was described in the 19th century by Berzelius as a black precipitate obtained by passing hydrogen sulfide through solutions of mercury(I) salts. As of 1825, the London Pharmacopoeia listed a compound called ""Ethiops-mineral"" or ""Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Nigrum"" (""black sulfide of mercury""), a black powder that was"
"is a heavy metal and is commonly known as quicksilver. It is the only metal that is a liquid in standard condition of pressure and temperature. Heavy and silvery, mercury is dangerous to flora and fauna even in small doses. In human beings, continuous exposure to mercury leads to damage or impairment of the brain, kidneys and liver. Mercury is used for industrial purposes such as making thermometers, barometers, sphygmomanometers, and fluorescent lamps. Of late, use of mercury-dependent devices have been phased out around the world and the industry has moved to digital devices replacing mercury devices. The mercury contamination"
"Mercury(I) chloride Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula HgCl. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or mercurous chloride, this dense white or yellowish-white, odorless solid is the principal example of a mercury(I) compound. It is a component of reference electrodes in electrochemistry. The name calomel is thought to come from the Greek καλός ""beautiful"", and μέλας ""black""; or καλός and μέλι ""honey"" from its sweet taste. The ""black"" name (somewhat surprising for a white compound) is probably due to its characteristic disproportionation reaction with ammonia, which gives a “spectacular” black coloration due to the"
"Mendelevium Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the third-to-last actinide and the ninth transuranic element. It can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. A total of sixteen mendelevium isotopes are known, the most stable being Md with a half-life of 51 days; nevertheless, the shorter-lived Md (half-life 1.17 hours) is most commonly used in"
"The dihydride, HgH, has also been detected this way. A related compound is bis(hydridomercury)(""Hg""—""Hg"") with the formula , which can be considered to be dimeric mercury(I) hydride. It spontaneously decomposes into the monomeric form. The mercury centre in mercury complexes such as hydridomercury can accept or donate a single electron by association: Because of this acceptance or donation of the electron, hydridomercury has radical character. It is a moderately reactive monoradical. Mercury(I) hydride Mercury(I) hydride (systematically named mercury hydride) is an inorganic compound with the empirical chemical formula HgH. It has not yet been obtained in bulk, hence its bulk"