"in aristocratic fortunes, the following decade was one of several great bequests from private collectors. In 1909 the industrialist Dr Ludwig Mond gave 42 Italian renaissance paintings, including the ""Mond Crucifixion"" by Raphael, to the Gallery. Other bequests of note were those of George Salting in 1910, Austen Henry Layard in 1916 and Sir Hugh Lane in 1917; the last of these was one of the Gallery's more controversial bequests. In a rare example of the political protest for which Trafalgar Square is famous occurring in the National Gallery, the ""Rokeby Venus"" was damaged on 10 March 1914 by Mary"
"circulation to other art galleries to help them recognise potential troublemakers. The National Portrait Gallery holds three copies of this doctored photograph: included in a collective ""Surveillance Photograph of Militant Suffragettes"", in a ""Criminal Record Office memorandum, Issued 24 April 1914"" along with Lillian Forrester, and as a single image. Evelyn Manesta Evelyn Manesta (born ) was a British suffragette. There are few details about her birth or death but she is known for being identified as dangerous after attacking Manchester Art Gallery Along with Lillian Forrester and Annie Briggs she damaged several paintings in Manchester Art Gallery on 13"
"in a six-month period in 1913. There are reports in the Parliamentary Papers which include lists of the 'incendiary devices', explosions, artwork destruction (including an axe attack upon a painting of The Duke of Wellington in the National Gallery), arson attacks, window-breaking, post-box burning and telegraph cable breaking that took place during the most militant years, from 1910 to 1914. Both suffragettes and police spoke of a ""Reign of Terror""; newspaper headlines referred to ""Suffragette Terrorism"". Suffragettes were not recognised as political prisoners, and many of them staged hunger strikes while they were imprisoned. The first woman to refuse food"
"A Negress A Negress () is an 1884 realistic portrait study oil painting on canvas by the Polish artist Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz. During World War II, the painting was stolen; it was recovered in 2012. The picture was painted in oil technique in 1884 in Paris. It is a portrait of a black woman located on a light background. She is shown from waist up, dressed in a white robe, but is part naked, exposing a breast. She wears a gold necklace, and a red head scarf. This type of painting of an exotic person was a popular topic in the"
"support of the Kronenberg Foundation of Citi Handlowy Bank. Since 2012 the picture is once more displayed at the Warsaw National Museum. A Negress A Negress () is an 1884 realistic portrait study oil painting on canvas by the Polish artist Anna Bilińska-Bohdanowicz. During World War II, the painting was stolen; it was recovered in 2012. The picture was painted in oil technique in 1884 in Paris. It is a portrait of a black woman located on a light background. She is shown from waist up, dressed in a white robe, but is part naked, exposing a breast. She wears"
"Evelyn Manesta Evelyn Manesta (born ) was a British suffragette. There are few details about her birth or death but she is known for being identified as dangerous after attacking Manchester Art Gallery Along with Lillian Forrester and Annie Briggs she damaged several paintings in Manchester Art Gallery on 13 April 1913 and was arrested. They broke the glass and four of which were damaged by the broken glass. Forrester, Manesta and Annie Briggs waited until the gallery was closing and then proceeded to break the glass on the most valuable paintings. The three attacked the glass of thirteen paintings"
"for the National Gallery, London. Although it was attacked and badly damaged in 1914 by the suffragette Mary Richardson, it soon was fully restored and returned to display. The ""Rokeby Venus"" depicts the Roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility reclining languidly on her bed, her back to the viewer—in Antiquity, portrayal of Venus from a back view was a common visual and literary erotic motif—and her knees tucked. She is shown without the mythological paraphernalia normally included in depictions of the scene; jewellery, roses, and myrtle are all absent. Unlike most earlier portrayals of the goddess, which show her"
"arson, smashed windows at the Home Office and bombed a railway station. She was arrested nine times, receiving prison terms totalling more than three years. She was one of the first two women force-fed under the 1913 Cat and Mouse Act in HM Prison Holloway. Richardson would recover at the cottage of Lillian Dove-Willcox in the Wye valley. She was devoted to Dove-Wilcox and wrote poetry about her love for her. Richardson's most famous act of defiance occurred on 10 March 1914 when she entered the National Gallery in London and slashed Velázquez's famous painting the ""Rokeby Venus"" with a"
"Self Portrait with Nude Self Portrait with Nude (sometimes known as ""Self Portrait"" or ""The Model"") is a 1913 painting by Laura Knight. A mature work, painted when Knight was 36 years old, it was controversial for its subject matter: a female artist painting a nude female life model. The painting was retained by Knight until her death in 1970, and bought by the National Portrait Gallery in 1971: the gallery has described it as ""a bravura statement about the ability of women to paint hitherto taboo subjects on a scale and with an intensity, that heralds changes"". The painting"
"painted by many later artists. Manet, in his stark female portrayal ""Olympia"", paraphrased the ""Rokeby Venus"" in pose and by suggesting the persona of a real woman rather than an ethereal goddess. ""Olympia"" shocked the Parisian art world when it was first exhibited in 1863. Olympia gazes directly out at the viewer, as does Velázquez's Venus, only through the reflection of the mirror. The 1961 film ""The Happy Thieves"" features a plan to steal the picture from a Spanish mansion. On 10 March 1914, the suffragette Mary Richardson walked into the National Gallery and attacked Velázquez's canvas with a meat"
"in Holloway. After Emmeline Pankhurst's rearrest in 1914, Margaret Gibb entered the National Portrait Gallery and slashed the portrait of one of gallery's founders, Thomas Carlyle by John Everett Milais. She was sentenced to six months imprisonment . During the reporting of this arrest, she is referred to as Ann Hunt, which she used as an alias. She was one of a number of suffragettes photographed when Scotland Yard commissioned the undercover photography of militant suffragettes from 1913. The images were used to identify suffragettes attempting to enter public buildings such as museums and art galleries, where they might attempt"
"on 14 July 1914. The story of four suffragette prisoners at Perth prison - Maude Edwards, Arabella Scott, Frances Gordon and Frances Parker and the doctor who force-fed them, Dr. Hugh Ferguson-Watson - was made into a play by Ajay Close. The play is called ""Cat and Mouse"". Maude Edwards Maude Edwards was a Scottish feminist and suffragette. She was imprisoned in Perth Prison in 1914 for slashing John Lavery’s portrait of King George V hanging in the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh. She was force-fed in prison despite having a heart condition. Maude Edwards was tried before a jury"
"National Gallery London. Rembrandt employed his usual limited number of pigments, such as ochres, vermilion, red lakes, lead white, lead-tin-yellow and bone black. The Woman Taken in Adultery (Rembrandt) The Woman Taken in Adultery is a painting of 1644 by Rembrandt, bought by the National Gallery, London in 1824, as one of their foundation batch of paintings. It is in oil on oak, and 83.8 x 65.4 cm. Rembrandt shows the episode of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery from the Gospel of Saint John. In this scene, a few Jews, mainly Scribes and Pharisees, tried to catch Jesus"
"sentence was three months for malicious damage. While she was imprisoned she and Manesta were secretly photographed and pictures of them were circulated with pictures of other militant suffragettes to police and art gallery staff. Manesta's photograph was modified to hide that she was being held around the neck whilst the photograph was taken. Lillian Forrester Lillian Forrester born Lillian Williamson (born 1879) was a British suffragette who led an attack on the Manchester Art Gallery. She was born Lillian Williamson in 1879. At one point she said she had a degree in History. In 1911 Forrester was invited to"
"Lillian Forrester Lillian Forrester born Lillian Williamson (born 1879) was a British suffragette who led an attack on the Manchester Art Gallery. She was born Lillian Williamson in 1879. At one point she said she had a degree in History. In 1911 Forrester was invited to Eagle House near Bath by Linley and Emily Blathwayt. The Blathwayts invited leading suffragettes to visit their house. They created over 40 memorial trees to celebrate these visits in what was known as 'Annie's Arbour'. Forrester led an attack on the Manchester Art Gallery on 3 April 1913. She, Evelyn Manesta and Annie Briggs"
"Eunice Golden Eunice Golden (born 1927) is an American feminist painter from New York City, known for exploring sexuality using the male nude. Her work has been shown at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum, Bronx Museum of the Arts, Westbeth Gallery, and SOHO20 Gallery, among others. Eunice Golden's father fled Russia after a pogrom and her mother was the American-born daughter of Russian immigrants. She was raised in Brooklyn. Golden studied psychology at the University of Wisconsin before leaving school to focus on her art. She rebelled against the patriarchal views of her father and sought ""to"
"La Circassienne au Bain La Circassienne au Bain, also known as Une Baigneuse, was a large Neoclassical oil painting from 1814 by Merry-Joseph Blondel depicting a life-sized young Circassian woman bathing in an idealized setting from classical antiquity. The painting was destroyed with the sinking of the RMS ""Titanic"" in 1912. When financial compensation claims were filed with US commissioner Gilchrist in January 1913, the painting gained notoriety as the subject of the largest claim made against the White Star Line for the loss of a single item of baggage or cargo. The painting was first exhibited at the Paris"
"30 October at Holborn tube station while selling the WSPU's newspaper, ""The Suffragette"". The criminal record office had circulated her photograph and description as a ""known militant suffragette"" (5 feet 4 inches, grey eyes, hair turning grey). She then followed a pattern of hunger strike, release, rearrest and imprisonment until she managed to evade the police. On 12 May 1914, she smashed Hubert von Herkomer's portrait of the Duke of Wellington in the Royal Academy with an axe, causing £15 worth of damage. When arrested, she was reported to have said, ""I have done my duty, and I wish that"
"The Menaced Assassin The Menaced Assassin () is a 1927 oil on canvas painting by Belgian surrealist artist René Magritte. The main subject of the painting, a blood-smeared nude woman, is seen lying on a couch. The assassin of the painting's title, a well-dressed man, stands ready to leave, his coat and hat on a chair next to his bag. He is however delayed by the sound of music, and in an unhurriedly relaxed manner, listens to a gramophone. In the meantime, two men armed with club and net wait in the foyer to ensnare him, as three more men"
"Nude (Renoir, Belgrade, 1910) Nude (1910, , / ""Kupačica"") is a painting by French impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir. It is oil on canvas, and was painted in 1910. The painting is currently housed in the National Museum of Serbia in Belgrade. The painting was given to the Serbian people by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia. The painting was purchased in Paris in 1935 by Milan Kašanin, contemporary director of the National Museum. It was paid for by joint contributions from the Museum, the Ministry of Culture and private donations. It was stolen in 1996 by an amateur Roma thief. During the theft"
"freestanding statue of a nude since antiquity, several decades before Michelangelo's massive ""David"" (1501–04). Nudes in Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling reestablished a tradition of male nudes in depictions of Biblical stories; the subject of the martyrdom of the near-naked Saint Sebastian had already become highly popular. The monumental female nude returned to Western art in 1486 with ""The Birth of Venus"" by Sandro Botticelli for the Medici family, who also owned the classical Venus de' Medici, whose pose Botticelli adapted. The ""Dresden Venus"" of Giorgione (c. 1510), also drawing on classical models, showed a reclining female nude in a landscape,"
"known for the nude painting ""Chloé"", painted by French artist Jules Joseph Lefebvre in 1875. The painting is oil on canvas measuring a life size 260 x 139 cm. It was purchased for 850 guineas by Dr Thomas Fitzgerald of Lonsdale Street in Melbourne. After being hung in the National Gallery of Victoria for three weeks in 1883, it was withdrawn from exhibition because of the uproar created especially by the Presbyterian Assembly. It was bought for the Young and Jackson Hotel in 1908 for 800 pounds, and was damaged in 1943 by an American serviceman who threw a glass"
"also watch from over the balcony. The Menaced Assassin The Menaced Assassin () is a 1927 oil on canvas painting by Belgian surrealist artist René Magritte. The main subject of the painting, a blood-smeared nude woman, is seen lying on a couch. The assassin of the painting's title, a well-dressed man, stands ready to leave, his coat and hat on a chair next to his bag. He is however delayed by the sound of music, and in an unhurriedly relaxed manner, listens to a gramophone. In the meantime, two men armed with club and net wait in the foyer to"
"at the center of controversy in 1913. The painting, which depicted a young woman standing nude along a lake shore, had been displayed in a New York City shop when Anthony Comstock, head of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, saw it and ordered it to be removed. Though a clerk did so, the shop manager reinstated the work. This apparent act of censorship led to widespread polemics in the media, as well as a burgeoning industry of related products, including post cards, calendars, and songs. The nude figure from Chabas' painting formed the source of the"
"a number of paintings of nude men, including ""Prometheus"" (1906), ""Sokrates og Alkibiades"" (1907, 1911), and ""Adam i Paradis"" (in two versions, 1913–14). In an era that was still shaken by the Great Scandinavian Sexual Morality Debate of the outgoing 19th century, these works were immediately scored as scandalous violations of public decency. The treatment of Adam is particularly provocative, with its vital, young, muscular Adam casually concealing his manhood with a sprig of fig leaves while leaning back in a lush, vividly colored botanic paradise, the snake arched halfway up his leg and darting its tongue. Museums primly declined"
"to flowers or fruit. The women in the painting also appear in two other works by Gauguin, ""Faa Iheihe (Tahitian Pastoral)"" (1898) and ""Rupe, Rupe"" (1899). The painting was attacked April 1, 2011, while on loan to the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. A woman named Susan Burns banged on the painting's plastic cover. Due to the protection of the plexiglass, the painting was not harmed. The woman was “immediately restrained and detained” by the museum’s security guards who charged her with destruction of property and attempted theft. The woman reportedly had ""a lengthy criminal record"" and ""a"
"vulnerability. Male nudes were not commonly depicted in Impressionist images, though female nudes were an established theme. Feminist critics have argued that images of nude females at their toilette were associated with prostitution in the 19th-century France. Thus, this image challenges traditional notions of masculinity and gender norms in domestic settings. Caillebotte created this work in 1884. He sent the painting to be exhibited at the ""Les XX"" show of 1888 in Brussels. The painting was controversial enough that it was removed from public view and placed in a small and inaccessible room. The painting was held by Caillebotte's heirs"
"female nude biting one of her nails among the falling leaves and be sure viewers would understand the point by giving it the title ""La Cigale"". The painting was exhibited at the 1872 Salon with a quotation from La Fontaine, ""Quand la bise fut venue"" (When the north wind blew), and was seen as a critique of the lately deposed Napoleon III, who had led the nation into a disastrous war with Prussia. Another with the same title, alternatively known as ""Girl with a Mandolin"" (1890), was painted by Edouard Bisson (1856–1939) and depicts a gypsy musician in a sleeveless"
"Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau (née Avegno, 29 January 1859 – 25 July 1915) was born in New Orleans but grew up from the age of eight in France, where she became a Parisian socialite known for her beauty. She occasionally posed as a model for notable artists. She is most widely known as the subject of John Singer Sargent's painting ""Portrait of Madame X"" (1884). It created a social scandal when shown at the Paris Salon. Of European Creole ancestry, Virginie was taken at the age of eight by her widowed mother to France in 1867"
"reaction, Nerdrum went to her home and slashed the paintings he had given her. According to Pettersson, this episode is also reflected in paintings such as ""Woman with Fish"", ""Mann med steinbit"" and ""Man Bitten by a Snake"". Woman Kills Injured Man Woman Kills Injured Man () is a 1994 painting by the Norwegian artist Odd Nerdrum. It depicts a man who is assaulted by a woman armed with a knife. The painting is in the collections of the Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art in Oslo. In a dark, rocky coastal landscape, a nude man with open mouth and"
"(See 1880s in fashion.) In 1884, a portrait painting by John Singer Sargent of American-born Paris socialite, Virginie Amélie Avegno Gautreau, was criticised when she was depicted in a sleek black dress displaying what was considered scandalous cleavage and her right shoulder strap fallen off her shoulder. The controversy was so great that he reworked the painting to move the shoulder strap from her upper arm to her shoulder, and Sargent left Paris for London in 1884, his reputation in tatters. The painting was named ""Portrait of Madame X"". When it became fashionable, around 1913, for dresses to be worn"
"paint over the work ""Woman in a Red Armchair"" by Pablo Picasso. He was charged with felony graffiti and criminal mischief and sentenced to two years in prison. In 2017, a terror suspect attacked guards of the Louvre museum with machetes and was found carrying ""bombs of aerosol paint"" intended to ""disfigure the masterpieces of the museum."" On 16 January 1913, a 29-year-old iconographer Abram Balashev attacked the painting ""Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan"" by Ilya Repin in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. With three knife blows, he cut through the faces of both Ivans. Balashev was found"
"Joseph Lefebvre's 1870 allegorical painting ""La Vérité"", with truth portrayed in the ghostly figure of the Naked Truth, literally shown by an unidentified nude woman (Margaret Edwards). Margaret Sinclair Edwards (born 1877, New York City – died January 14, 1929, New York City), known on the stage as ""Daisy Sinclair"", appeared with the theatrical companies of Edward Harrigan, Eddie Foy, and Gus Edwards, among others. Her husband, John Edwards, an invalid, died the same year she did (1929). She appeared as Marguerite Edwards in ""A Physical Culture Romance"" in 1914, and in Weber's ""Sunshine Molly"" in 1915. Although the nudity"