"kaf [, the 11th], whose name means 'palm [of the hand]' or 'tablespoon' (); ʻayin [, the 16th], whose name means 'eye' (); pe [, the 17th], whose name means 'mouth' (); qof [, the 19th], whose name means 'monkey' or ""eye of needle"" (); tav [, the 22nd], whose name means 'mark' (), and several other Hebrew letters, whose names are ancient Hebrew forms of nouns still used, with a slight change of form or pronunciation, as nouns in modern Hebrew. Zain is a consonant with the sound which is a voiced alveolar fricative. Zayin Zayin (also spelled zain"
"can receive a dagesh. The two functions of dagesh are distinguished as either qal (light) or hazaq (strong). The six letters are bet, gimel, daled, kaph, pe, and taf. Three of them (bet, kaph, and pe) have their sound value changed in modern Hebrew from the fricative to the plosive by adding a dagesh. The other three represent the same pronunciation in modern Hebrew, but have had alternate pronunciations at other times and places. They are essentially pronounced in the fricative as ג gh غ, dh ذ and th ث. In the Temani pronunciation, gimel represents , , or when"
"Dalet Dalet (, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Dālet , Hebrew 'Dālet , Aramaic Dālath , Syriac Dālaṯ , and Arabic (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is a voiced alveolar plosive (). The letter is based on a glyph of the Middle Bronze Age alphabets, probably called ""dalt"" ""door"" (""door"" in Modern Hebrew is delet), ultimately based on a hieroglyph depicting a door, O31 The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek delta (Δ), Latin D, and the Cyrillic letter Д. The letter is named"
"used in Yiddish. The letter Pe is one of the six letters which can receive a Dagesh Kal. The six are Bet, Gimel, Daleth, Kaph, Pe, and Tav. There are two orthographic variants of this letter which indicate a different pronunciation: When the Pe has a ""dot"" in its center, known as a dagesh, it represents a voiceless bilabial plosive, . There are various rules in Hebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used. When Pe appears ""without"" the dagesh dot in its center (), then it usually represents a voiceless labiodental fricative . At the end"
"the Torah.) In modern Hebrew the frequency of the usage of dalet, out of all the letters, is 2.59%. In the Syriac alphabet, the fourth letter is — dolath in western pronunciation, dalath and daled in eastern pronunciation (). It is one of six letters that represents two associated sounds (the others are bet, gimel, kaph, pe and taw). When daled/dolath has a hard pronunciation (""qûššāyâ"") it is a . When it has a soft pronunciation (""rûkkāḵâ"") it is traditionally pronounced as a . The letter is very common in Syriac as it is often attached to the beginning of"
"is spoken. Dalet can receive a dagesh, being one of the six letters that can receive Dagesh Kal (see Gimel). There are minor variations to this letter's pronunciation, such as In addition, in modern Hebrew, the combination ד׳ (dalet followed by a geresh) is used when transcribing foreign names to denote . In gematria, dalet symbolizes the number four. The letter dalet, along with the He (and very rarely Gimel) is used to represent the Names of God in Judaism. The letter He is used commonly, and the dalet is rarer. A good example is the keter (crown) of a"
"bottom are four Paleo-Hebrew letters: Shin, Lamed, Mem, Tau. A detailed paleographical analysis was performed by Ryan Byrne's and published by the Biblical Archaeology Society. Mazar initially read the inscription as ""Temech"" (three letters: Tau, Mem, Het), and associated it with a family named ""Tamah"" in Nehemiah 7:55. According to the Book of Nehemiah, the Temech family were servants of the First Temple and were sent into exile to Babylon following its destruction by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. The family was among those who later returned to Jerusalem. Other scholars (initially Peter van der Veen, followed by others) read"
"in the Arabic alphabet (such as Persian), """" usually becomes either a regular or a regular . Hebrew spelling: The letter ""tav"" in modern Hebrew usually represents a voiceless alveolar plosive: . The letter ""tav"" is one of the six letters that can receive a dagesh kal diacritic; the others are bet, gimel, dalet, kaph and pe. Bet, kaph and pe have their sound values changed in modern Hebrew from the fricative to the plosive, by adding a dagesh. In modern Hebrew, the other three do not change their pronunciation with or without a dagesh, but they have had alternate"
"why a dagesh is used. When this letter appears as ""without"" the dagesh (""dot"") in its center it represents , like the ""ch"" in German ""Bach"". In modern Israeli Hebrew the letter heth is often pronounced as a , but many communities have differentiated between these letters as in other Semitic languages. If the letter is at the end of a word the symbol is drawn differently. However, it does not change the pronunciation or transliteration in any way. The name for the letter is ""final kaf"" (). Four additional Hebrew letters take final forms: tsadi, mem, nun, and pei."
"written from right to left. It has 22 letters, five of which use different forms at the end of a word. In the traditional form, vowels are indicated by the weak consonants Aleph (), He (), Vav (), or Yodh () serving as vowel letters, or ""matres lectionis"": the letter is combined with a previous vowel and becomes silent, or by imitation of such cases in the spelling of other forms. Also, a system of vowel points to indicate vowels (diacritics), called niqqud, was developed. In modern forms of the alphabet, as in the case of Yiddish and to some"
"baa-haa (بھ,ભ), baa-taa (تھ,થ), baa-ţaa (ٹھ,ઠ), pe-haa (پھ,ફ), jeem-haa (جھ,ઝ), che-haa (چھ,છ), daal-haa (دھ,ધ), ďaal-haa (ڈھ,ઙ), kaaf-haa (کھ,ખ), and gaaf-haa (گھ,ઘ). 28 Arabic letters used in LDA: 6 letters of different languages used in LDA: 10 Gujarati letters derived from the Haa (ﻫ) family used in LDA: Lisan ud-Dawat Lisaan ud-Da'wat (, ""Lisan ud-Dawat"", ""language of the Dawat""; abbreviated LDA) is the language of the Taiyebi Bohras of Gujarat, an Isma'ili Shia Muslim community. It is a dialect of the Gujarati language, but incorporates a heavy amount of Arabic, Urdu, and Persian vocabulary and is written in the Arabic script."
"Z Z (named ""zed"" or ""zee"" ) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Zambia and Australia, the letter's name is ""zed"" , reflecting its derivation from the Greek ""zeta"" (this dates to Latin, which borrowed X, Y, and Z from Greek, along with their names), but in American English its name is ""zee"" , analogous to the names for B, C, D, etc., and deriving from a late 17th-century English dialectal form. Another English dialectal form"
"م, ""nūn"" ن, ""sīn"" س, ""ʿain"" ع, ""ṣād"" ص, ""qāf"" ق, ""rā"" ر. The six final letters of the Abjadi order (""thakhadh ḍaẓagh"") are unused. The letters represented correspond to those letters written without Arabic diacritics plus ""yāʿ"" ي. It is possible that the restricted set of letters was supposed to invoke an archaic variant of the Arabic alphabet modeled on the Aramaic alphabet. Certain co-occurrence restrictions are observable in these letters; for instance, ""ʾAlif"" is invariably followed by Lām. The substantial majority of the combinations begin either ""ʾAlif Lām "" or ""Ḥāʾ Mīm"". In all but 3 of the"
"Zeta Zeta (uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; , , classical or ""zē̂ta""; ""zíta"") is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin . Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З. Unlike the other Greek letters, this letter did not take its name from the Phoenician letter from which it was derived; it was given a new name on the pattern of beta, eta and theta. The word ""zeta"" is the ancestor of ""zed"", the name of the"
"Zakef katan The Zakef katan (זָקֵף קָטָ֔ן, with other variant English spellings), often referred to simply as """"Katan,"""" is a cantillation mark commonly found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. The note is the anchor and final one of the Katon group, which also can include the Mapach, Pashta, Munach, or Yetiv. It is one of the most common cantillation marks. There is no limit to the number of times the Katan group can appear in a verse, and often, multiple Katan groups appear in succession. The most times in succession the group occurs is"
"the ""ḥet"" (ח), with hardly any distinction between the two letters. The ""lamed"" (ל) is written exceptionally long, and hooked towards the outside. The final ""nun"" (ן) is written almost the same as the letter ""zayn"". All the ""qərē"" and ""kətiv"" are marked by the writer of the text with a final ""nun"" in the margin without any further direction as to what the reading should be. A summary of the Damascus Pentateuch was made by Israel Yeivin, in connection with the problems of the Aleppo Codex. According to Yeivin, the ""textus receptus"" of the Damascus Pentateuch is mostly harmonious"
"Mavet"" (שַׁעֲרֵי מָוֶת, ""Sha'arei Maveth"" — ""gates of death""); ""Neshiyyah"" (נְשִׁיָּה — ""oblivion"", ""Limbo"") or ""Tzalmavet""; and ""Eretz Tachtit"" (אֶרֶץ תַּחְתִּית, ""Erets Tachtith"" — ""lowest earth"") or ""Gehenna""), twelve Qliphotic orders of demons, three powers before Satan and twenty-two demons which correspond to the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. According to Aleister Crowley, the three evil forms (before Samael), are said to be Qemetial, Belial, and Othiel. According to Israel Regardie, the ""qlipothic tree"" consists of 10 spheres in opposition to the sephirot on the Tree of Life. These are also referred to as the “evil twins”. They are"
"Dagesh The dagesh () is a diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. It was added to the Hebrew orthography at the same time as the Masoretic system of niqqud (vowel points). It takes the form of a dot placed inside a Hebrew letter and has the effect of modifying the sound in one of two ways. An identical mark, called mappiq, has a different phonetic function, and can be applied to different consonants; the same mark is also employed in the vowel shuruk. Dagesh and mappiq symbols are often omitted in writing. For instance, is often written as . The"
"Yetiv Yetiv (יְ֚תִיב) is a cantillation mark found in the Torah, Haftarah, and other books of the Hebrew Bible. It is found in the Katon group in some occurrences in lieu of the more common Mahpach-Pashta clause, generally on one- or two-syllable words. The Yetiv uses the same < symbol as the Mahpach, but when it is present, the < comes at the beginning of the word, unlike in a Mahpach, it is placed under the letter of the first syllable that is stressed. It is found to the right of the vowel. There is also no Pashta. In print,"
"use or omission of such marks is usually consistent throughout any given context. The two functions of dagesh are distinguished as either ""kal"" (light) or ""ḥazak"" (strong). A or (, or , also """""" lene"", ""weak/light ""dagesh"""", opposed to ""strong dot"") may be placed inside the consonants ""bet"", ""gimel"", ""dalet"", ""kaf"", ""pe"" and ""tav"". They each had two sounds: the original ""hard"" (plosive) sound, and a ""soft"" (fricative) sound. Before the Babylonian captivity, the soft sounds did not exist in Hebrew, but were added as a result of Aramaic-influenced pronunciation of Hebrew after this point in history. The letters take"
"Taw Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Tāw , Hebrew Tav , Aramaic Taw , Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ (22nd in abjadi order, 3rd in modern order). In Arabic, it is also gives rise to the derived letter ث Ṯāʼ. Its original sound value is . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek ""tau"" (Τ), Latin T, and Cyrillic Т. Taw is believed to be derived from the Egyptian hieroglyph meaning ""mark"" Z9 The letter is named """". It is written in several ways depending on"
"used exclusively for the transliteration of foreign words: as in then"", as in ""thin"", ; and, in some transliteration systems, also , and . There are six additional letters in the Arabic alphabet. They are Ṯāʾ, Ḫāʾ, Ḏāl, Ḍād, Ẓāʾ, and Ghayn. Also, some letters have different sounds in Arabic phonology and modern Hebrew phonology, such as Jīm. Some words or suffixes with Yiddish origin or pronunciation are marked with a geresh, e.g. the diminutive suffix ""לֶ׳ה"" – ""le"", e.g. ""יענקל׳ה"" – ""Yankale"" (as in Yankale Bodo), or the words ""חבר׳ה"" – , ""guys"" (which is the Yiddish pronunciation of"
"is written as ת׳. The choice of the letter ' as the base for this letter was not due to etymology (see History of the Arabic alphabet), but rather due to phonetic similarity. For other Semitic cognates of the phoneme ' see Sound changes between Proto-Semitic and the daughter languages. The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for """". Ṯāʾ The Arabic letter is named ""ṯāʾ"". It is written is several ways depending in its position in the word: In contemporary spoken Arabic, pronunciation of ṯāʾ as is found in the Arabian Peninsula, Iraqi, and Tunisian and other dialects and"
"should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Zeta Zeta (uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; , , classical or ""zē̂ta""; ""zíta"") is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 7. It was derived from the Phoenician letter zayin . Letters that arose from zeta include the Roman Z and Cyrillic З. Unlike the other Greek letters, this letter did not take its name from the Phoenician letter from which it was derived; it was given a new name on the pattern of"
"are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called ""dagesh"" (), while the soft sounds lack a ""dagesh"". In modern Hebrew, however, the ""dagesh"" only changes the pronunciation of ""beth"", ""kaf"", and ""pe"", and does not affect the name of the letter. The differences are as follows: In other dialects (mainly liturgical) there are variations from this pattern. The sounds , , , written """", """", """", and , non-standardly sometimes transliterated , are often found in slang and loanwords that are part of the everyday Hebrew colloquial vocabulary. The apostrophe-looking symbol after the Hebrew letter modifies"
"Old West. Zain (name) Zain (زين ) and Zayn is an Arabic personal name meaning ""beauty, grace"". There are other potential meanings for the masculine name Zain. Zayin, Zain and Zayn are all transcriptions for the seventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet (as well as other Semitic languages such as Aramaic and Phoenician). In fact, the Greeks took this letter from the Phoenicians for their own letter Zeta (Z). From this perspective Zayin or Zain means “seventh” in Hebrew. Lastly, Zain is merely an altered spelling of the name Zane borne famously by author Zane Grey (1872-1939) whose works idealized"
"""dāl"", and is written in several ways depending on its position in the word: The letter represents a sound. Hebrew spelling: The letter is ""dalet"" in the modern Israeli Hebrew pronunciation (see Tav (letter)). ""Dales"" is still used by many Ashkenazi Jews and ""daleth"" by some Jews of Middle-Eastern background, especially in the diaspora. In some academic circles, it is called ""daleth"", following the Tiberian Hebrew pronunciation. It is also called ""daled"". The ד like the English D represents a voiced alveolar stop. Just as in English, there may be subtle varieties of the sound that are created when it"
"D D (named ""dee"" ) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. The Semitic letter Dāleth may have developed from the logogram for a fish or a door. There are many different Egyptian hieroglyphs that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and Latin, the letter represented ; in the Etruscan alphabet the letter was superfluous but still retained (see letter B). The equivalent Greek letter is Delta, Δ. The minuscule (lower-case) form of 'd' consists of a loop and a tall vertical stroke. It developed by gradual variations on the"
"""dagesh kal"", also modifies the sounds of the letters ב, כ and פ in modern Hebrew (in some forms of Hebrew it modifies also the sounds of the letters ג, ד and/or ת; the ""dagesh chazak"" – orthographically indistinguishable from the ""dagesh kal"" – designates gemination, which today is realized only rarely – e.g. in biblical recitations or when using Arabic loanwords). ""alef"", ע ""ayin"", ""vav"" and ""yod"" are letters that can sometimes indicate a vowel instead of a consonant (which would be, respectively, ). When they do, and are considered to constitute part of the vowel designation in combination"
"letter, this indicated a gemination (doubling) of that consonant in the pronunciation of pre-modern Hebrew. This gemination is not adhered to in modern Hebrew and is only used in careful pronunciation, such as reading of scriptures in a synagogue service, recitations of biblical or traditional texts or on ceremonious occasions, and then only by very precise readers. The following letters, the gutturals, almost never have a dagesh: ""aleph"" א, ""he"" ה, ""chet"" ח, ""ayin"" ע, ""resh"" ר. (A few instances of ""resh"" with dagesh are masoretically recorded in the Hebrew Bible, as well as a few cases of ""aleph"" with"
"also one of the seven letters which receive special crowns (called ""tagin"") when written in a sefer Torah. Because the sound is difficult for most non-Arabs to pronounce, it is often used as a shibboleth by Arabic speakers; other sounds, such as and are also used. Ayin Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician , Hebrew , Aramaic , Syriac ܥ, and Arabic (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). The letter represents or is used to represent a voiced pharyngeal fricative () or a similarly articulated consonant. In"
"words as the relative pronoun. Daled/dolath is always written with a point below it to distinguish it from the letter resh (), which is identical apart from having a point above. As a numeral, dalad/dolath stands for the number four. With various systems of dots and dashes, it can also stand for 4,000 and 40,000. Dalet Dalet (, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Dālet , Hebrew 'Dālet , Aramaic Dālath , Syriac Dālaṯ , and Arabic (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is a voiced alveolar"
"modern Hebrew the frequency of the usage of bet, out of all the letters, is 4.98%. When the Bet has a ""dot"" in its center, known as a dagesh, then it represents . There are various rules in Hebrew grammar that stipulate when and why a dagesh is used. When this letter appears as ""without"" the dagesh (""dot"") in its center then it represents a voiced labiodental fricative: . Bet in gematria symbolizes the number 2. As a prefix, the letter bet may function as a preposition meaning ""in"", ""at"", or ""with"". Bet is the first letter of the Torah."