"Kapellmeister In German-speaking countries during the approximate period 1500–1800, the word Kapellmeister often designated the director of music for a monarch or nobleman. For English speakers, it is this sense of the term that is most often encountered, since it appears frequently in biographical writing about composers who worked in German-speaking countries. A Kapellmeister position was a senior one and involved supervision of other musicians. Johann Sebastian Bach worked from 1717 to 1723 as Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cöthen. Joseph Haydn worked for many years as Kapellmeister for the Esterházy family, a high-ranking noble family of the Austrian Empire."
"and Miklós József was the same person as Nikolaus Josef. In discussions written in English, the Esterházy princes are occasionally given English versions of their names, as in ""Nicholas"". The family name is also rendered variously: Eszterházy (Hungarian spelling), Esterházy (German), and Esterhazy (typographic convenience). The full family name since the 16th century was Eszterházy de Galántha (later also styled ""von/of Galanta""). The Latinised form of the family name, Estoras, in 2009 is used to label fine Esterházy wines. The Esterházy family is known for its association with the composer Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), who served as their Kapellmeister. Haydn was"
"Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy (, ; 18 December 1714 – 28 September 1790) was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterházy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title ""the Magnificent"". He is remembered as the principal employer of the composer Joseph Haydn. Nikolaus Esterházy was the son of Prince Joseph (József Simon Antal, 1688–1721), and the younger brother of Prince Paul Anton (Pál Antal, 1711–1762). He took the title of Prince on his brother's death. His name is"
"to loneliness and tedium among the musicians. This is seen in some of Haydn's letters, as well as in the famous tale of the Farewell Symphony. <br> Eszterháza Esterháza is a palace in Fertőd, Hungary, built by Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. Sometimes called the ""Hungarian Versailles"", it is Hungary's grandest Rococo edifice. Esterháza was not the primary or ancestral home of the Esterházy family; that was Schloss Esterházy, a palace nearby (), in Eisenstadt. Miklós Esterházy began his plans for a new palace not long after he became reigning prince in 1762 on the death of his brother Paul Anton. Before"
"of Kapellmeister positions. A well-known instance occurred in 1790, when Prince Anton Esterházy succeeded his father Nikolaus and dismissed almost all of the latter's extensive musical establishment. But as Jones (2009) points out, Prince Anton was hardly alone in doing this; during this same period, ""the steady decline in the number of orchestras supported by aristocratic families represented a ... change that affected all composers and their works."" This was a difficult time for musicians, who needed to find new ways to support themselves. For instance, Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) never worked as a Kapellmeister, but was supported by a"
"few months that he survived her. Haydn was touchingly loyal to his prince, but probably felt a certain sense of relief when Nikolaus finally died, on 28 September 1790. Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy (, ; 18 December 1714 – 28 September 1790) was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterházy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title ""the Magnificent"". He is remembered as the principal employer of the composer Joseph Haydn. Nikolaus Esterházy was the son of Prince"
"wore livery and followed the family as they moved among their various palaces, most importantly the family's ancestral seat Schloss Esterházy in Eisenstadt and later on Esterháza, a grand new palace built in rural Hungary in the 1760s. Haydn had a huge range of responsibilities, including composition, running the orchestra, playing chamber music for and with his patrons, and eventually the mounting of operatic productions. Despite this backbreaking workload, the job was in artistic terms a superb opportunity for Haydn. The Esterházy princes (Paul Anton, then from 1762–1790 Nikolaus I) were musical connoisseurs who appreciated his work and gave him"
"was the opera ""Die Schweizerfamilie"" (1809). He also set Emanuel Schikaneder's libretto ""Vestas Feuer"" (1805), after Ludwig van Beethoven had composed a single scene and then abandoned it. He died in Vienna. Joseph Weigl Joseph Weigl (28 March 1766 – 3 February 1846) was an Austrian composer and conductor, born in Eisenstadt, Hungary, Austrian Empire. The son of Joseph Franz Weigl (1740–1820), the principal cellist in the orchestra of the Esterházy family, he studied music under Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri. He became Kapellmeister at the court theatre in Vienna in 1792, and from 1827 to 1838 was vice-Kapellmeister"
"hired by Prince Paul Anton in 1761, and from 1762 to 1790 served under Paul Anton's successor Nikolaus. During the following reign, that of Prince Anton (1790–1794), the Esterházy family mostly did without the services of musicians, and Haydn, retained on a nominal appointment, spent most of this time in trips to England. Finally, during the reign of Nikolaus II, Haydn worked for the family on a part-time basis. He spent his summers in Eisenstadt and annually composed a mass for the name day of the Prince's wife (and Haydn's friend), Princess Maria Josepha Hermenegild (1768–1845). Haydn continued to perform"
"at the court; previously, there had been seven years of relative inactivity following the death of Prince Joseph in 1721; his widow Maria Octavia, serving as co-regent for her young son Paul Anton, had instituted economies in the musical establishment. Robbins Landon and Jones suggest that Werner was hired at the then 17-year-old prince's instigation. Werner set to work, bringing new music to the court from Vienna and composing prolifically. He remained in full charge of the Esterházy musical establishment until 1761, when he entered a period of semi-retirement, his responsibilities limited to church music. Throughout this time he worked"
"steady stream of new music for the prince's amusement. Nikolaus had eight years prior to this date built the Eszterháza palace southeast of Vienna (in Hungary), where the court resided for most of the year. While the palace itself was one of the most splendid in Austria, and was dubbed the ""Hungarian Versailles"", it was built over a large swamp; it was humid throughout the year, with a ""vexatious, penetrating north wind"" from which Haydn and the other musicians in the court suffered. Moreover, it was far from Vienna, and the musicians (Haydn, as Kapellmeister, excepted) had to leave their"
"of the existing Hungarian nobility. The line that descended from Paul, the first Esterházy prince, is given as in the following figure. The sequence of princes that follow him continues below. Son of Paul, he was the first to benefit from a 1712 decree of Emperor Charles VI, which made the title of Prince hereditary among the Esterházys. Under him, the family seat at Eisenstadt evolved into a provincial musical center. He died 24 March 1721. Half-brother of Michael, he reigned for only 11 weeks, as he died on 7 June 1721. As his son Paul Anton was only ten,"
"musical duties were limited to church music, and Haydn, 39 years younger than Werner, had the primary duties, with full control over the secular musical events of the household, including the orchestra. This was a time of changes probably unwelcome to Werner. His longtime patron Paul Anton died in March 1762, succeeded by his younger brother Nikolaus Esterházy. Nikolaus was also a very musical prince, but his interests (Jones) ""lay with Haydn and the development of instrumental music."" Haydn initially received the same salary (400 florins per year) that Werner had long received, but in June 1762 this was increased"
"House of Esterházy. Tamás Esterházy (1570–1616) Tamás Esterházy de Galántha (8 May 1570 – 1616) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; ""vicecomes"") of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. One of his brothers was Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary. He studied at the University of Wittenberg since 3 October 1589 where he converted to Calvinism. He translated one of his teacher, Aegidius Hunnius' work into Hungarian language. Cardinal Péter Pázmány, a key member and initiator of the Hungarian counter-Reformation condemned Esterházy's work and called Hunnius' publication as ""evil"". Tamás Esterházy died in 1616 at Galántha, ancient"
"Paul I, Prince Esterházy Paul I, Prince Esterházy of Galántha (full German name: ""Paul Fürst Esterházy von Galantha""; full Hungarian name: ""galánthai herceg Esterházy Pál"") (8 September 1635 – 26 March 1713) was the first Prince Esterházy of Galántha from 1687 to 1713, Palatine of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1681 to 1713, and an Imperial Field Marshal. Paul was also an accomplished poet, harpsichordist, and composer. He actively participated in various battles against the Ottoman Turks during the Fourth Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664) and the Great Turkish War (1662–1669). Paul is credited with establishing the wealth, power, and influence of"
"big water pool where horses used to bathe. The garden's masterpiece was a garden pavillon with walls encased in mosaic and streams of water flowing through a musical instrument similar to an organ. Neither the garden or the pavillon survived this period of time. Lippay also had a new residence built sometime during his tenure as archbishop. Archbishop Imre Esterházy (who was archbishop from 1725 to 1751) had the garden reconfigured in a baroque style. It was under archbishop Ferenc Barkóczy (who was archbishop from 1761 to 1776) that the current version of the palace was built. Between 1761 and"
"and orchestra. Paul was married twice. He married first to his niece Countess Orsolya Esterházy of Galántha, daughter of his brother Count István Esterházy of Galántha and his wife Countess Erzsébet Thurzó of Bethlenfalva, on 7 February 1652 in Eisenstadt. Paul's marriage to his eldest brother's daughter was done in part to prevent the division of the Esterházy family's property Paul and Orsolya had nineteen children: After the death of his first wife, Paul married Countess Éva Thököly of Késmárk, daughter of István, Count Thököly of Késmárk and his wife Mária Gyulaffy of Rátót. Paul and Éva had the following"
"Rahier. The position was restored at Joseph Haydn's intervention. Johann was again unemployed from 1790 (when Prince Anton Esterházy succeeded Nikolaus and abolished most of the family's musical establishment) until 1795 (when Anton's successor Nikolaus II revived it). Nothing is known about what Johann did during this time. Following his reinstatement, he continued in the service of the Esterházy family for the remainder of his life, dying in Eisenstadt at the age of 63. Johann Evangelist Haydn Johann Evangelist Haydn (December 23, 1743 – May 10, 1805) was a tenor singer of the classical era; the younger brother of the"
"of Hungary's Habsburg Palatine, or Viceroy, during the years 1790-95, Archduke Alexander Leopold of Austria, in 1840. The building, completed in 1866, was designed by one of 19th century Budapest's great architects, Miklós Ybl, who also designed the Opera House and the Basilica, as well as five of the Palotanegyed's palaces (Festetics, Pálffy, Károlyi, Bókay and Odescalchi/Degenfeld-Schomburg). Today the old parliament building houses the Italian Cultural Institute. Between 1860 and the outbreak of the First World War, members of the dual monarchy's aristocratic and mercantile elite - many of whom were members of parliament - built more than city palaces"
"time to Éva Viczay de Loós, younger sister of Baron Ádám Viczay de Loós. The marriage produced the following children: Pál Esterházy (1587–1645) Baron Pál Esterházy de Galántha (1 February 1587 – 17 January 1645) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; ""vicecomes"") of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. He was the founder of the ""Zólyom branch"" of the House of Esterházy. His brother was, among others, Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary. He converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in his youth. He served as chamberlain of Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania. Later he joined to"
"the prince's successor, his brother Nikolaus I, from 1762. Haydn wrote violin concerti for Tomasini. Nikolaus died in 1790 and was succeeded by his son, Prince Anton, who was less interested in music. Tomasini received a pension and was given a chance to tour. Nikolaus II succeeded his father Anton in 1794 and revived the orchestra; in 1802 Tomasini became director of chamber music of Nikolaus II. Tomasini married Josepha Vogl, and they had twelve children; four of them became court musicians at Esterházy. Tomasini composed about 30 string quartets, a few symphonies and violin concerti, violin sonatas and violin"
"Forchtenstein Castle, Paul founded the Esterházy family's treasure house and created an extensive portrait gallery of Esterházy family ancestors. Paul was an accomplished musical amateur, composer, and patron of the arts. He composed numerous cantatas, the most notable of which are ""Harmonia Caelestis"". ""Harmonia Caelestis"" is a cycle of 55 sacred cantatas composed in the Baroque style published in Vienna in 1711. Paul was one of the chief compilers of the ""Trophaeum Domus Inclytae Estorationae"". Paul used his great wealth in the liberal patronage of art and literature. He founded the Esterházy private chapel, famous for its solo singers, chorus,"
"Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy Nicholas II, Prince Esterházy (, ; 12 December 1765 – 1833) was a wealthy Hungarian prince. He served the Austrian Empire and was a member of the famous Esterházy family. He is especially remembered for his art collection and for his role as the last patron of Joseph Haydn. Nikolaus was born in Vienna on 12 December 1765, the son of Prince Anton Esterházy and his first wife, Maria Theresia, Countess Erdödy de Monyorokerek et Monoszlo (1745–1782). His father Anton was the son of Nikolaus I, whom he succeeded as reigning prince on the latter's death"
"two children: Gábor Esterházy (1580–1626) Baron Gábor Esterházy de Galántha (8 October 1580 – 28 December 1626) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; ""vicecomes"") of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. His brother was, among others, Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary. Gábor was created Baron in 1613. He was a supporter of Gabriel Bethlen. Gábor Esterházy married twice: his first wife was Anna Ujfalussy de Divékujfalu after 1612. Anna died in 1618. One year later Gábor married to Mária Dersffy de Szerdahely. Mária's sister, Orsolya was the first wife of Nikolaus, Count Esterházy, Gábor's brother. Gábor"
"Pál Esterházy (1587–1645) Baron Pál Esterházy de Galántha (1 February 1587 – 17 January 1645) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; ""vicecomes"") of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. He was the founder of the ""Zólyom branch"" of the House of Esterházy. His brother was, among others, Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary. He converted to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism in his youth. He served as chamberlain of Gabriel Bethlen, Prince of Transylvania. Later he joined to the side of Matthias II of Hungary. He was appointed Knight of the Golden Spur after the coronation of Ferdinand"
"Haydn appear to have been friendly. The prince lent Haydn 450 gulden to cover his travel expenses on the first London journey. When in 1791 Anton wrote Haydn asking him to return to compose and direct an opera celebrating Anton's installation as Lord Lieutenant of Oedenberg, Haydn refused, as he had entered into contractual obligations. The composer feared for his job, but Anton did not fire him. Anton I, Prince Esterházy Anton (Antal), Prince Esterházy de Galántha (11 April 1738 – 22 January 1794) was a prince of Hungary, a member of the wealthy Esterházy family. At the time of"
"Gábor Esterházy (1580–1626) Baron Gábor Esterházy de Galántha (8 October 1580 – 28 December 1626) was a Hungarian noble, son of Vice-ispán (Viscount; ""vicecomes"") of Pozsony County Ferenc Esterházy. His brother was, among others, Nikolaus, Count Esterházy who served as Palatine of Hungary. Gábor was created Baron in 1613. He was a supporter of Gabriel Bethlen. Gábor Esterházy married twice: his first wife was Anna Ujfalussy de Divékujfalu after 1612. Anna died in 1618. One year later Gábor married to Mária Dersffy de Szerdahely. Mária's sister, Orsolya was the first wife of Nikolaus, Count Esterházy, Gábor's brother. Gábor Esterházy had"
"Prince Nikolaus Esterházy's orchestra from 1778 until 1790. Antonin Kraft along with his son Nikolaus joined the orchestra of Count Anton Grassalkovich in Bratislava in 1790 as first cellist. Kraft became a member of the Schuppanzigh Quartet founded in 1792 in the salon of Prince Karl Lichnowský, then from 1796 he was employed in Prince Lobkowicz's orchestra. The cello parts to Haydn's D major Cello Concerto and Beethoven's Triple Concerto, Op.56 were written to fit his technique. Haydn's D Major Cello Concerto was attributed to Kraft for almost a century. Antonin Kraft was also a composition student of Haydn and"
"children, Nikolaus inherited the title of Prince. In 1766, Nikolaus began the construction of a magnificent new palace constructed at Eszterháza (now Fertőd), in rural Hungary on the site of his old hunting lodge. This is the most admired of the various Esterházy homes, is often called the ""Hungarian Versailles,"" and is a tourist attraction today. The Prince at first spent only summers there, but gradually came to spend ten months of the year—much to the distress of his musicians; see the tale of the ""Farewell"" Symphony. Nikolaus evidently did not enjoy Vienna (where most of the Empire's landed aristocrats"
"sponsors, Matiegka moved to Vienna while in his late twenties, during the first years of the 19th century. There he was quickly acknowledged as a guitarist, composer and teacher of the piano. His ready acceptance in the musical circles of Vienna was evident by those to whom he dedicated several of his chamber works. Schubert, as a young man, added a cello part to his ""Notturno"" Op. 21 (originally for flute, viola and guitar; Schubert arrangement D.96) for the important patron of music, Count Johann Karl Esterházy (1775 – 1834), an enthusiastic cellist to whom Matiegka's original music was dedicated."
"Eighty-four compositions of his remain . Bihari was an accomplished violinist during his lifetime, and he played in the court in Vienna during the entire Congress of Vienna in 1814. Another composer of verbunkos was József Kossovits (d. c. 1819). Already with the establishment in 1837 of the Hungarian National Theatre in Pest the verbunkos style had begun to change under the influence of the first director of the theatre and Hungary's most important operatic composer, Ferenc Erkel, whose most successful operas were Hunyadi László (1844) and Bánk bán (1861) . Béla Bartók's ""Contrasts"" (1938), a trio for clarinet, piano"
"itself in the Schloss Esterházy. With its size and ornate splendor, it reflects the political, economic and cultural dominance of the Esterházy family. Today it ranks among the most beautiful and acoustically perfect concert halls of the world. Its name goes back to the famous composer Joseph Haydn, who worked for nearly forty years in the service of the Esterházy family. Many of his works were composed and premiered in Eisenstadt and the Schloss Esterházy. The Haydnsaal was established under Paul Esterházy the first, in the course of the baroque building phase (1663–72). It was part of plans made by"
"concert for Haydn (""Dr. Haydn's night"") at the end of the 1795 season was a great success and was perhaps the peak of his English career. Haydn's biographer Griesinger wrote that Haydn ""considered the days spent in England the happiest of his life. He was everywhere appreciated there; it opened a new world to him"". Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795. Prince Anton had died, and his successor Nikolaus II proposed that the Esterházy musical establishment be revived with Haydn serving again as Kapellmeister. Haydn took up the position on a part-time basis. He spent his summers with the Esterházys"