"and the British Empire what Marianne is to France or perhaps what Columbia is to the United States. Britannia became a very potent and more common figure in times of war, and represented British liberties and democracy. During the 1990s the term ""Cool Britannia"" (drawn from a humorous version by the Bonzo Dog Band of the song ""Rule Britannia"", with words by James Thomson [1700–1748], which is often used as an unofficial national anthem), was used to describe the contemporary United Kingdom. The phrase referred to the fashionable scenes of the era, with a new generation of pop groups and"
"James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems ""The Seasons"" and ""The Castle of Indolence"", and for the lyrics of ""Rule, Britannia!"". James Thomson was born in Ednam in Roxburghshire around 11 September 1700 and baptised on 15 September. He was the fourth of nine children of Thomas Thomson and Beatrix Thomson (née Trotter). Beatrix Thomson was born in Fogo, Berwickshire and was a distant relation of the house of Hume. Thomas Thomson was the Presbyterian minister of Ednam until eight weeks after"
"patronage of the arts is ""Rule, Britannia!"", one of the best-known British patriotic songs. It was composed by the English composer Thomas Arne and written by the Scottish poet and playwright James Thomson as part of the masque ""Alfred"" which was first performed on 1 August 1740 at Cliveden, the country home of the Prince and Princess of Wales. Thomas Arne was also one of Frederick's favourite artists. A masque linking the Prince with both the medieval hero-king Alfred the Great's victories over the Vikings and with the contemporary issue of building up the British sea power obviously went well"
"Garden, London. A blue plaque, unveiled in 1988, commemorates Arne at 31 King Street in Covent Garden. Thomas Arne Thomas Augustine Arne (; 12 March 1710, London – 5 March 1778, London) was an English composer. He is best known for his patriotic song ""Rule Britannia"", a version of ""God Save the King"", which became the British national anthem, and the song ""A-Hunting We Will Go"". Arne was a leading British theatre composer of the 18th century, working at Drury Lane and Covent Garden. Arne was born to a Church of England father and a Roman Catholic mother in Covent"
"anglaises"" for organ Op. 43, where he also makes use of the song ""Home! Sweet Home!"". Arthur Sullivan, perhaps Britain's most popular composer during the reign of Queen Victoria, quoted from ""Rule, Britannia!"" on at least three occasions in music for his comic operas written with W. S. Gilbert and Bolton Rowe. In ""Utopia Limited"", Sullivan used airs from ""Rule, Britannia!"" to highlight references to Great Britain. In ""The Zoo"" (written with Rowe) Sullivan applied the tune of ""Rule, Britannia!"" to an instance in which Rowe's libretto quotes directly from the patriotic march. Finally, to celebrate the jubilee of Queen"
"Rule Britannia (novel) Rule Britannia is Daphne du Maurier's last novel, published in 1972 by Victor Gollancz. The novel is set in a fictional near future in which the UK's recent withdrawal from the EEC has brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy. Emma, 20, lives with her elderly grandmother, Mad (short for ‘Madam’), a famous retired actress, in the small village of Poldrea in Cornwall. They share a large house near the coast with Mad's six ‘maladjusted’ adopted sons who range in age from 3 to 18. One morning, Emma wakes to the sound of aeroplanes overhead. An"
"Haydn's oratorio ""The Seasons"". Thomson is one of the sixteen Scottish poets and writers appearing on the Scott Monument on Princes Street in Edinburgh. He appears on the right side of the east face. Thomson has a large memorial in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey next to William Shakespeare and underneath his countryman, Robert Burns. James Thomson (poet, born 1700) James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems ""The Seasons"" and ""The Castle of Indolence"", and for the lyrics of ""Rule, Britannia!"". James Thomson was born in Ednam"
"Thomas Arne Thomas Augustine Arne (; 12 March 1710, London – 5 March 1778, London) was an English composer. He is best known for his patriotic song ""Rule Britannia"", a version of ""God Save the King"", which became the British national anthem, and the song ""A-Hunting We Will Go"". Arne was a leading British theatre composer of the 18th century, working at Drury Lane and Covent Garden. Arne was born to a Church of England father and a Roman Catholic mother in Covent Garden, and baptised at St Paul's, Covent Garden. Arne's father and grandfather were both upholsterers and both"
"2011, 2013, 2014, and 2015. ""Rule, Britannia!"" has been given a place in the programme in its own right, and was still performed in the years in which the full ""Fantasia"" was omitted.. ""Rule, Britannia!"" was originally included in the ""Fantasia"", but for many years up to the 2000 it had been performed in an arrangement by Sir Malcolm Sargent, with a noted opera singer to encourage the audience to sing the refrain. From 2002 to 2007, the BBC reverted to the original arrangement that Sir Henry Wood made for the ""Fantasia"", performing just one verse with chorus for audience"
"Cool Britannia Cool Britannia was a period of increased pride in the culture of the United Kingdom throughout most of the 1990s, inspired by 1960s pop culture. The success of Britpop and musical acts such as the Spice Girls, Blur, Oasis and Pulp led to a renewed feeling of optimism in the United Kingdom following the tumultuous years of the 1970s and 1980s. The name is a pun on the title of the British patriotic song ""Rule, Britannia!"". The phrase ""Cool Britannia"" was first used in 1967 as a song title by the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band. The phrase"
"which includes the poem ""Rule, Britannia"" (1740), ""The Castle of Indolence"" (1748) and ""The Seasons"" (1738). His poem ""Rule, Britannia"" was set to music by Thomas Arne in 1740 and became a patriotic song. There is a memorial to him in Richmond Park. After Thomson's death the house was bought by a friend, George Ross, who enlarged it and gave it the name Rossdale Cottage. Over the years the name was altered slightly to Rosedale Cottage. In 1786 it was sold to the widow of Admiral Edward Boscawen. After she died in 1805 it was bought by Charles Talbot, the"
"the grammar. Richard Dawkins recounts in ""The Selfish Gene"" that the repeated exclamation ""Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rule the waves!"" is often rendered as ""Rule, Britannia! Britannia rules the waves!"", changing both the meaning and inflection of the verse. This addition of a terminal 's' to the lyrics is used as an example of a successful meme. Maurice Willson Disher notes that the change from ""Britannia, rule the waves"" to ""Britannia rules the waves"" occurred in the Victorian era, at a time when the British did rule the waves and no longer needed to be exhorted to rule them. Disher also"
"Written"" (1861), ""Household Book of Poetry"" (1882), and ""Hymns Ancient and Modern, Revised Version"" (1982). The same version with verse two omitted appears in publications including ""Scouting for Boys"" (1908), and on the British Monarchy website. At the Queen's Golden Jubilee Party at the Palace concert, Prince Charles referred in his speech to the ""politically incorrect second verse"" of the National Anthem. According to Alan Michie's ""Rule, Britannia"", which was published in 1952, after the death of King George VI but before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, when the first General Assembly of the United Nations was held in"
"waves"", although, since it was written during the War of Jenkins' Ear, it could be argued that the words referred to the alleged Spanish aggression against British merchant vessels that caused the war. The time was still to come when the Royal Navy would be an unchallenged dominant force on the oceans. The jesting lyrics of the mid-18th century would assume a material and patriotic significance by the end of the 19th century. ""Rule, Britannia!"" is often written as simply ""Rule Britannia"", erroneously omitting both the comma and the exclamation mark, which changes the interpretation of the lyric by altering"
"""Rule, Britannia!"". During the various solos, the performing artist often ""ad libbed"" their own variation on the melody and various parts of the ""Fantasia"" were often repeated at the request of the audience, whose participation was usually encouraged by light-hearted mockery on the part of the conductor. Fantasia on British Sea Songs Fantasia on British Sea Songs or Fantasy on British Sea Songs is a medley of British sea songs arranged by Sir Henry Wood in 1905 to mark the centenary of the Battle of Trafalgar. For many years it was seen as an indispensable item at the BBC's Last"
"Lord British Lord British, whose full name is Lord Cantabrigian British, is the name of the fictional ruler of Britannia, a kingdom in the fictional world of Sosaria, created by Richard Garriott for his computer game series ""Ultima"". Garriott himself is also known to his fans as Lord British. ""Ultima"" series creator Richard Garriott acquired the nickname ""British"" as a teenager from friends at computer camp who claimed his greeting to them, ""hello"", was distinct from the usual American ""hi"". The Lord title was later added when he played the dungeon master in Dungeons & Dragons games. When his first"
"saw it happen or where they were when they heard about it."" Lord British Lord British, whose full name is Lord Cantabrigian British, is the name of the fictional ruler of Britannia, a kingdom in the fictional world of Sosaria, created by Richard Garriott for his computer game series ""Ultima"". Garriott himself is also known to his fans as Lord British. ""Ultima"" series creator Richard Garriott acquired the nickname ""British"" as a teenager from friends at computer camp who claimed his greeting to them, ""hello"", was distinct from the usual American ""hi"". The Lord title was later added when he"
"1740, ""Rule, Britannia!"" (an aria by the English composer Thomas Arne) was first performed in public in the cliff-side amphitheatre at Cliveden. It was played as part of a masque to celebrate the third birthday of the Prince's daughter Augusta. It is believed that it was while playing cricket in the grounds at Cliveden in 1751 that the Prince received a blow to the chest from a batted ball—it had been thought this caused an infection which proved fatal, but it is now believed he died from a cold followed by a pulmonary embolism After his death, Frederick's family retained"
"(and immediate grounds), passed through two owners, including Peter Delaperte, one of the directors of the South Sea Company, and came into the ownership of the Duke's younger brother, Henry Pelham, in 1729. Pelham hired William Kent to renovate the property who did so by having demolished much of the medieval and Tudor portions — except for the gatehouse — and adding wings and some of the earliest Gothic revival ornamentation in England. In ""The Seasons"", the Scottish poet James Thomson (author of the lyrics to ""Rule, Britannia!"") praises Spicer pulled down the house and used the material to build"
"Historia Regum Britanniae Historia regum Britanniae (""The History of the Kings of Britain""), originally called De gestis Britonum (""On the Deeds of the Britons""), is a pseudohistorical account of British history, written around 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth. It chronicles the lives of the kings of the Britons over the course of two thousand years, beginning with the Trojans founding the British nation and continuing until the Anglo-Saxons assumed control of much of Britain around the 7th century. It is one of the central pieces of the Matter of Britain. Although taken as historical well into the 16th century, it"
"Layamon's Brut Layamon's ""Brut (ca. 1190 - 1215), also known as The Chronicle of Britain"", is a Middle English poem compiled and recast by the English priest Layamon. The ""Brut"" is 16,096 lines long and narrates the history of Britain: it is the first historiography written in English since the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"". Named for Britain's mythical founder, Brutus of Troy, the poem is largely based on the Anglo-Norman ""Roman de Brut"" by Wace, which is in turn a version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin ""Historia Regum Britanniae"". Layamon's poem, however, is longer than both and includes an enlarged section on"
"that the most accurate manuscripts refer to the work as ""De gestis Britonum"", and that this was the title Geoffrey himself used to refer to the work. Historia Regum Britanniae Historia regum Britanniae (""The History of the Kings of Britain""), originally called De gestis Britonum (""On the Deeds of the Britons""), is a pseudohistorical account of British history, written around 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth. It chronicles the lives of the kings of the Britons over the course of two thousand years, beginning with the Trojans founding the British nation and continuing until the Anglo-Saxons assumed control of much of"
"Years' War"") and the French Bourbons were undoubtedly the prime example of ""haughty tyrants"", whose ""slaves"" Britons should never be. According to Armitage ""Rule, Britannia'"" was the most lasting expression of the conception of Britain and the British Empire that emerged in the 1730s, ""predicated on a mixture of adulterated mercantilism, nationalistic anxiety and libertarian fervour"". He equates the song with Bolingbroke's ""On the Idea of a Patriot King"" (1738), also written for the private circle of Frederick, Prince of Wales, in which Bolingbroke had ""raised the spectre of permanent standing armies that might be turned against the British people"
"Britannia"", written as part of that masque and set to music by Thomas Arne, became one of the best-known British patriotic songs – quite apart from the masque which is now virtually forgotten. The Prince gave him a pension of £100 per annum. He had also introduced him to George Lyttelton, who became his friend and patron. In later years, Thomson lived in Richmond upon Thames, and it was there that he wrote his final work ""The Castle of Indolence"", which was published just before his untimely death on 27 August 1748. Johnson writes about Thomson's death, ""by taking cold"
"Scotland minister in the Scottish Lowlands in 1700 who was interested in forging a common British culture and national identity in this way. In collaboration with Thomas Arne, they wrote ""Alfred"", an opera about Alfred the Great's victory against the Vikings performed to Frederick, Prince of Wales in 1740 to commemorate the accession of George I and the birthday of Princess Augusta. ""Rule, Britannia!"" was the climactic piece of the opera and quickly became a ""jingoistic"" British patriotic song celebrating ""Britain's supremacy offshore"". An island country with a series of victories for the Royal Navy associated empire and naval warfare"
"in both versions invoke Britain (in the 1912 version, anthropomorphised as Britannia with sword and shield; in the second version, simply called ""my country""); the second verse, the Kingdom of Heaven. According to Sir Cecil's granddaughter, the rewritten verse of 1918 was never intended to appear alongside the first verse of the original poem but was replacing it; the original first verse is nevertheless sometimes known as the ""rarely sung middle verse"". The text of the original poem was sent by Spring Rice to William Jennings Bryan in a letter shortly before his death in February 1918. The poem circulated"
"Victoria von Grossbritannien"" (Homage to Queen Victoria of Great Britain) Op. 103, where he also quoted ""Rule, Britannia!"" in full at the beginning of the piece. Siegfried August Mahlmann in the early 19th century wrote alternate lyrics to adapt the hymn for the Kingdom of Saxony, as ""Gott segne Sachsenland"" (""God Bless Saxony""). Heinrich Marschner used the anthem in his ""Grande Ouverture solenne"", op.78 (1842). Gaetano Donizetti used this anthem in his opera ""Roberto Devereux"". Joachim Raff used this anthem in his Jubelouverture, Opus 103 (1864) dedicated to Adolf, Herzog von Nassau, on the 25th anniversary of his reign. Gioachino"
"as Charles Dibdin and his family and its influence can be seen in light operas like those of Gilbert and Sullivan's, particularly their early works like ""The Sorcerer"" (1877). In the eighteenth century the increasing availability of instruments such as the harpsichord, spinet and later the piano, and cheap print meant that works created for opera and the theatre were often published for private performance, with Thomas Arne's (1710–78) song ""Rule Britannia"" (1740) probably the best-known. From the 1730s elegant concert halls began to be built across the country and attendance rivalled that of the theatre, facilitating visits by figures"
"press, Etty remained a prominent painter of nudes, but made conscious efforts to try to reflect moral lessons in his work. ""Musidora"" is based on """", a poem by the Scottish poet and playwright James Thomson (best known today as the author of ""Rule, Britannia!""). ""Summer"" was initially published in 1727 and was republished in an altered form in 1730 along with Thomson's ""Winter"" (1726), ""Spring"" (1728) and ""Autumn"" (1730) as ""The Seasons"". Although the individual poems attracted little interest on their release, ""The Seasons"" proved critically and commercially successful once completed, and Thomson began to associate with important and"
"medals were produced. The Portobello areas in London, Dublin and Edinburgh (see Portobello Road and Portobello, Dublin) are named after this victory, and ""Rule, Britannia!"" was composed by Thomas Arne during the celebrations in 1740. A tower commemorating his victory was erected by members of the Vernon family living at Hilton Hall outside Wolverhampton. Vernon's action was seen by the ""Patriots"", or pro-war party opposed to Robert Walpole, as just vengeance for Admiral Hosier's disastrous blockade of Porto Bello during 1726-28, where with a greater force of 20 ships, and Porto Bello inadequately defended, government orders forbade him from firing"
"Roman de Brut Roman de Brut (meaning ""Romance of Brut"") or ""Brut"" is a verse literary history of Britain by the poet Wace. It is based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's ""Historia Regum Britanniae"", and was probably begun around 1150 and finished in 1155. Written in the Norman language, it consists of 14,866 lines. It was intended for a Norman audience interested in the legends and history of the new territories of the Anglo-Norman realm, covering the story of King Arthur and taking the history of Britain all the way back to the mythical Brutus of Troy. The ""Brut"" was the"
"Donizetti used the theme in his opera ""Anna Bolena"" (1830) Act 2, Scene 3 as part of Anna's Mad Scene to underscore her longing for her childhood home. It is also used with Sir Henry Wood's ""Fantasia on British Sea Songs"" and in Alexandre Guilmant's ""Fantasy for organ"" Op. 43, the ""Fantaisie sur deux mélodies anglaises"", both of which also use ""Rule, Britannia!"". In 1857 composer/pianist Sigismond Thalberg wrote a series of variations for piano (op. 72) on the theme of ""Home! Sweet Home!"". In 1909, it was featured in the silent film ""The House of Cards"", an Edison Studios"
"poem was written on the beach at Yarmouth on a stormy evening, and was first published in 1818: Britannia Monument The Nelson's Monument is a commemorative column or tower built in memorial to Admiral Horatio Nelson, situated on the Denes, Great Yarmouth in the county of Norfolk, England. It was designated as a Grade I listed structure in 1953. Designed by architect William Wilkins, it was raised in the period 1817–19 from money raised by a committee of local magnates. The first custodian of the monument was former Able Seaman James Sharman, a member of the crew of the ""Victory"""