"comfort"". According to the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", ""marmalade"" appeared in the English language in 1480, borrowed from French ""marmelade"" which, in turn, came from the galician language word ""marmelada"". According to José Pedro Machado’s ""Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa"", the oldest known document where this Portuguese word is to be found is Gil Vicente’s play ""Comédia de Rubena"", written in 1521: The extension of ""marmalade"" in the English language to refer to a preserve made from citrus fruits occurred in the 17th century, when citrus first began to be plentiful enough in England for the usage to become common. In"
"it is known as quince paste. The recipe is probably of ancient origin; the Roman cookbook of Apicius, a collection of Roman cookery recipes compiled in the late 4th or early 5th century AD gives recipes for stewing quince with honey. Historically, marmalade was made from quinces. The English word ""marmalade"" comes from the Portuguese word ""marmelada"", meaning ""quince preparation"" (and used to describe quince cheese or quince jam; """"marmelo"""" = ""quince""). Nowadays (in English) ""A marmalade is a jellied fruit product which holds suspended within it all or part of the fruit pulp and the sliced peel. It is"
"male"", ""capisce"", ""mezzo"", ""va bene"", ""ecco"", ""ecco fatto"", ""ecco qui"", ""caspita"", ""schifoso"", ""gelateria"", ""cavolo"", ""incavolarsi"", ""pivete"", ""engambelar"", ""andiamo via"", ""tiramisu"", ""tarantella"", ""grappa"", ""stratoria"". Terms of endearment of Italian origin include ""amore"", ""bambino/a"", ""ragazzo/a"", ""caro/a mio/a"", ""tesoro"", and ""bello/a""; also ""babo"", ""mamma"", ""baderna"" (from ""Marietta Baderna""), ""carcamano"", ""torcicolo"", ""casanova"", ""noccia"", ""noja"", ""che me ne frega"", ""io ti voglio tanto bene"", and ""ti voglio bene assai"". Fewer words have been borrowed from Japanese. The latter borrowings are also mostly related to food and drink or culture-bound concepts, such as ""quimono"", from Japanese kimono, ""karaokê"", ""yakisoba"", ""temakeria"", ""sushi bar"", ""mangá"", ""biombo"" (from Portugal)"
"Marmalade Marmalade generally refers to a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits boiled with sugar and water. It can be produced from kumquats, lemons, limes, grapefruits, mandarins, sweet oranges, bergamots, and other citrus fruits, or any combination of them. For many decades now, the preferred citrus fruit for marmalade production in the British Isles has been the Spanish Seville orange, ""Citrus aurantium"" var. ""aurantium"", prized for its high pectin content, which sets readily to the thick consistency expected of marmalade. The peel imparts a bitter taste. The term ""marmalade"" is not precise, universal nor definitive,"
"(""pampelmuse""), Latvian (""pampelmūze""), Ido (""pompelmuso""), whereas some other languages use ""pomelo"" (Turkish, Norwegian, Polish, Bulgarian).In Southeast Asia, it is commonly known as limau besar, limau betawi, or limau serdadu in Malay; jeruk bali in Bahasa Indonesia; ส้มโอ [som o:] in Thai; lukban in Tagalog; and bu’o’i in Vietnamese. Another origin theory proposes that ""pomelo"" is an alteration of a compound of English names ""pomme"" (""apple"") + ""melon"".<ref name=""OED2008/06"">“pomelo, ""n.""” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [Draft revision; June 2008]</ref> The fruit is also known as jabong in Hawaii and jambola in varieties of English spoken in South Asia. Typically, the"
"thought to aid digestion, although the pith and much of the fiber was discarded. James and Janet Keiller were ""not"" a couple, but rather son and mother. James Keiller was single at the time that this story takes place. The shipload was probably no more than some boxes, particularly of Seville oranges, which were used medicinally and in a few recipes but not really a fruit consumed fresh. The name ""marmalade"" originates from the Portuguese word ""marmelo"" or quince, the fruit which made up the preserve with thin bits of peel. The Keiller contribution was to add the bits of"
"Italian), ""sorvete"", ""glacê"", ""boutique"", ""vitrine"", ""manequim"" (ultimately Dutch), ""machê"", ""tailleur"", ""echarpe"", ""fraque"", ""laquê"", ""gravata"", ""chapéu"", ""boné"", ""edredom"", ""gabardine"", ""fondue"", ""buffet"", ""toalete"", ""pantalon"", ""calça Saint-Tropez"", ""manicure"", ""pedicure"", ""balayage"", ""limusine"", ""caminhão"", ""guidão"", ""cabriolê"", ""capilé"", ""garfo"", ""nicho"", ""garçonete"", ""chenille"", ""chiffon"", ""chemise"", ""chamois"", ""plissê"", ""balonê"", ""frisê"", ""chaminé"", ""guilhochê"", ""château"", ""bidê"", ""redingote"", ""chéri(e)"", ""flambado"", ""bufante"", ""pierrot"", ""torniquete"", ""molinete"", ""canivete"", ""guerra"" (Provençal), ""escamotear"", ""escroque"", ""flamboyant"", ""maquilagem"", ""visagismo"", ""topete"", ""coiffeur"", ""tênis"", ""cabine"", ""concièrge"", ""chauffeur"", ""hangar"", ""garagem"", ""haras"", ""calandragem"", ""cabaré"", ""coqueluche"", ""coquine"", ""coquette"" (""cocotinha""), ""galã"", ""bas-fond"" (used as slang), ""mascote"", ""estampa"", ""sabotagem"", ""RSVP"", ""rendez-vous"", ""chez..."", ""à la carte"", ""à la ..."", ""forró, forrobodó"" (from 19th-century ""faux-bourdon""). Brazilian Portuguese"
"spices in the 16th century. In the 17th century, La Varenne provided recipes for both thick and clear '. In 1524, Henry VIII received a ""box of marmalade"" from Mr Hull of Exeter. As it was in a box, this was probably """", a solid quince paste from Portugal, still made and sold in southern Europe. Its Portuguese origins can be detected in the remarks in letters to Lord Lisle, from William Grett, 12 May 1534, ""I have sent to your lordship a box of marmaladoo, and another unto my good lady your wife"" and from Richard Lee, 14 December"
"Santa = Saint), ""puisi"" (from poesia = poetry), ""keju"" (from queijo = cheese), ""mentega"" (from manteiga = butter), ""serdadu"" (from soldado = soldier), ""meski"" (from mas que = although), ""kamar"" (from câmara = room), ""laguna"" (from laguna = lagoon), ""lelang"" (from leilão = auction), ""persero"" (from parceiro = company), ""markisa"" (from maracujá = passion fruit), ""limau"" (from limão = lemon), ""kartu"" (from cartão = card), ""Inggris"" (from inglês = English), ""Sabtu"" (from sábado = Saturday), ""Minggu"" (from domingo = Sunday), etc. The former colonial power, the Netherlands, left a sizable amount of vocabulary that can be seen in words such"
"instance ""flotilla"" and ""guerrilla""; or related to science and culture, whether created in Arabic, originated in Amerindian civilizations (Cariban: ""cannibal"", ""hurricane""; Mescalero: ""apache""; Nahuatl: ""tomato"", ""coyote"", ""chocolate""; Quechua: ""potato""; Taíno: ""tobacco""), or Iberian Romance languages (""aficionado"", ""albino"", ""alligator"", ""cargo"", ""cigar"", ""embargo"", ""guitar"", ""jade"", ""mesa"", ""paella"", ""platinum"", ""plaza"", ""renegade"", ""rodeo"", ""salsa"", ""savvy"", ""sierra"", ""siesta"", ""tilde"", ""tornado"", ""vanilla"" etc.). Words relating to some music, piano, ""fortissimo"". Or Italian culture, such as ""piazza"", ""pizza"", ""gondola"", ""balcony"", ""fascism"". The English word ""umbrella"" comes from Italian ""ombrello"". Words relating to culture, originating from the colonial era. Many of these words are of Persian origin rather"
"as comrade. Comrade The term comrade is used to mean ""friend"", ""mate"", ""colleague"", or ""ally"", and derives from the Iberian Romance language term ""camarada"", literally meaning ""chamber mate"", from Latin ""camera"" ""chamber"" or ""room"". A political use of the term was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Ever since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the Western World has often associated it with Communism. Upon abolishing the titles of nobility in France, and the terms ""monsieur"" and ""madame"" (literally, ""my lord"" and ""my lady""), the revolutionaries employed the"
"Commandry Commandry (British English), or commandery (American English), was the smallest division of the European landed estate or manor under the control of a commander of a military order. The word is also applied to the emoluments granted to a commander in an order of knights. They were the equivalent for those orders to a monastic grange. The word derives from French ""commanderie"" or ""commenderie"", from mediaeval Latin ""commendaria"" or ""commenda"", meaning ""a trust or charge"", originally one held ""in commendam"". Originally, commandries were benefices, particularly in the Church, held ""in commendam"". Mediaeval military orders adopted monastic organizational structures and"
"the hand of the elder, places it on their nose and says ""ñot"" to the men and ""ñora"" to the women with the elders responding ""diosti ayudi"", meaning ""God help you"". The Carolinian culture is very similar to the Chamorro culture with respect being very important. The Carolinian culture can be traced back to Yap and Chuuk, where the Carolinians originated. Much of Chamorro cuisine is influenced by various cultures. Examples of popular foods of foreign origin include various types of sweet or savory empanada, originally introduced from Spain, and pancit, a noodle dish from the Philippines. Archeological evidence reveals"
"Comrade The term comrade is used to mean ""friend"", ""mate"", ""colleague"", or ""ally"", and derives from the Iberian Romance language term ""camarada"", literally meaning ""chamber mate"", from Latin ""camera"" ""chamber"" or ""room"". A political use of the term was inspired by the French Revolution, after which it grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Ever since the Russian Revolution, popular culture in the Western World has often associated it with Communism. Upon abolishing the titles of nobility in France, and the terms ""monsieur"" and ""madame"" (literally, ""my lord"" and ""my lady""), the revolutionaries employed the term ""citoyen"""
"defensive and first attack in the offensive; they were also the strongest forces during wartime). Commandos (Portugal) The Commandos () are a special forces unit in the Portuguese Army. Presently, they constitute the Commando Regiment (""Regimento de Comandos""). Their motto is ""Audaces Fortuna Juvat"" (Latin for ""Luck Protects the Bold"") and their war cry is ""Mama Sumae"" (it can be translated as ""here we are, ready for the sacrifice"" – taken from a Bantu tribe of southern Africa). They were created as counter-guerrilla special forces, thus responding to the need of the Army to have units specially adapted to the"
"Manade A manade (prov. ""menada"", originally from lat. ""manus"" = hand) is a term used mainly in the Camargue area in France for a semi-feral group of Camargue cattle or horses led by a gardian, or herder. In French, the word ""manade"" dates from 1867. In older texts it also referred to herds of sheep, but modern use of the term is limited only to raising groups of larger livestock. Raising animals in manades is specific for the Crau, Camargue (Provence) and Petite Camargue (Languedoc) regions of France, and therefore the term itself is strongly associated with the same area."
"Canadian Navy, ""COMO"" in the Spanish Navy and in some navies speaking the Spanish language, or ""CMDE"" as used in the Indian Navy or in some other Navies. The rank of commodore derives from the French ""commandeur"", which was one of the highest ranks in the orders of knighthood, and in military orders the title of the knight in charge of a ""commande"" (a local part of the order's territorial possessions). The Dutch Navy also used the rank of ""commandeur"" from the end of the 16th century for a variety of temporary positions, until it became a conventional permanent rank"
"was known in early English as ""apple of Grenada""—a term which today survives only in heraldic blazons. This is a folk etymology, confusing the Latin ""granatus"" with the name of the Spanish city of Granada, which derives from Arabic. Garnet derives from Old French ""grenat"" by metathesis, from Medieval Latin ""granatum"" as used in a different meaning ""of a dark red color"". This derivation may have originated from ""pomum granatum"", describing the color of pomegranate pulp, or from ""granum"", referring to ""red dye, cochineal"". The French term for pomegranate, ""grenade"", has given its name to the military grenade. A shrub"
"(including some civilian police units). Commandos differ from other types of special forces in that they primarily operate in overt combat, front-line reconnaissance, and raiding, rather than long range reconnaissance and unconventional warfare. In English, occasionally to distinguish between an individual commando and the unit Commando, the unit is capitalized. The word stems from the Afrikaans word ""kommando"", which translates roughly to ""mobile infantry regiment"". This term originally referred to mounted infantry regiments, who fought against the British Army in the first and second Boer Wars. It is also possible the word was adopted into Afrikaans from interactions with Portuguese"
"1%. German marzipan is made by grinding whole almonds with sugar and partially drying the paste, and French marzipan (called 'massepain') is made by combining ground almonds with sugar syrup. Some marzipan is flavoured with rosewater. Spanish marzipan is made without bitter almonds. Sugar free marzipan can be made by replacing sugar with polyols such as maltitol. The German name has largely ousted the original English name ""marchpane"" with the same apparent derivation: ""March bread"". (The word ""marchpane"" occurs in Shakespeare's ""Romeo and Juliet"", Act 1, Scene 5, Line 9.) ""Marzapane"" is documented earlier in Italian than in any other"
"[g], cf. It, Sp. ""guerra"" 'war'. In these examples, we notice a clear consequence of bilingualism, which frequently alters the initial syllable of the Latin. There is also the converse example, where the Latin word influences the Germanic one: ""framboise"" 'raspberry' from OLF ""*brambasi"" (cf. OHG ""brāmberi"" > ""Brombeere"" 'mulberry'; E ""brambleberry""; ""*basi"" 'berry' cf. Got. ""-basi"", Dutch ""bes"" 'berry') conflated with LL ""fraga"" or OF ""fraie"" ‘strawberry’, which explains the shift to [f] from [b], and in turn the final ""-se"" of ""framboise"" turned ""fraie"" into ""fraise"" (≠ Occitan ""fragosta"" 'raspberry', Italian ""fragola"" 'strawberry'. Portuguese ""framboesa"" 'raspberry' and Spanish"
"Commandos (Portugal) The Commandos () are a special forces unit in the Portuguese Army. Presently, they constitute the Commando Regiment (""Regimento de Comandos""). Their motto is ""Audaces Fortuna Juvat"" (Latin for ""Luck Protects the Bold"") and their war cry is ""Mama Sumae"" (it can be translated as ""here we are, ready for the sacrifice"" – taken from a Bantu tribe of southern Africa). They were created as counter-guerrilla special forces, thus responding to the need of the Army to have units specially adapted to the type of war that, in 1961, started in Portuguese Angola and later in Portuguese Guinea"
"One theory is that it originally derives from the Latin word, ""macula"", meaning ""spot"" or ""opacity"" (as in macula of retina). Another theory relates the word to the old French, ""maillier"", meaning ""to hammer"" (related to the modern English word, ""malleable""). In modern French, ""maille"" refers to a loop or stitch. The Arabic words ""burnus"", برنوس, a burnoose; a hooded cloak, also a chasuble (worn by Coptic priests) and ""barnaza"", برنز, to bronze, suggest an Arabic influence for the Carolingian armour known as ""byrnie"" (see below). The first attestations of the word ""mail"" are in Old French and Anglo-Norman: ""maille"","
"1536, ""He most heartily thanketh her Ladyship for her marmalado"". The English recipe book of Eliza Cholmondeley, dated from 1677 and held at the Chester Record Office in the Cheshire county archivists, has one of the earliest marmalade recipes (""Marmelet of Oranges"") which produced a firm, thick dark paste. The Scots are credited with developing marmalade as a spread, with Scottish recipes in the 18th century using more water to produce a less solid preserve. The first printed recipe for orange marmalade, though without the chunks typically used now, was in Mary Kettilby's 1714 cookery book, ""A Collection of above"
"descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos portugueses"" (c. 1559). Matteo Ricci, who entered mainland China from Portuguese Macau in 1583, also said the Portuguese used the word. The Portuguese word was thought by many to be related to ""mandador"" (""one who commands"") and ""mandar"" (""to command""), from Latin ""mandare"". Modern dictionaries, however, agree that it was in fact borrowed by Portuguese from the Malay , which ultimately came from the Sanskrit ""mantri"" (""Devanagari: मंत्री"", meaning counselor or minister – etymologically linked to ""mantra""). According to Malaysian Royal Professor Ungku Abdul Aziz, the term had its origin when the Portuguese living"
"greatest number of Indo-European languages. Thus, in ""liamo"", to love, the ""li-"" comes from Germanic and Slavic languages (cf German ""lieben"" and Russian ""liubit""), and the ""-am"", from Latin languages (""amo, amare, amar""); or in ""mand"", hand, the ma- comes from Latin languages and the -and, from Germanic languages. This process is not so artificial as it seems at first sight: It has been observed in natural languages, for example, the French ""haut"" (high) comes from the crossing between old Fr. ""aut"" (from Latin ""altus"") and Frankish ""hōh"". It has also been deliberately used in languages like English to form"
"Marshmallow A marshmallow is a sugar-based confectionery that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a squishy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch. Some marshmallow recipes call for eggs. This is the modern version of a medicinal confection made from ""Althaea officinalis"", the marshmallow plant. The word ""marshmallow"" comes from the mallow plant species (""Althaea officinalis""), an herb native to parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia which grows in marshes and other damp areas. The plant's stem and leaves are fleshy and its white flower has five petals."
"borrowings such as those from Gothic or from Frankish. They often bear some resemblance to English words, as Lombardic was akin to Saxon. For instance, ""landa"" from ""land"", ""guardia"" from ""wardan"" (warden), ""guerra"" from ""werra"" (war), ""ricco"" from ""rikki"" (rich), and ""guadare"" from ""wadjan"" (to wade). From the ""Codice diplomatico longobardo"", a collection of legal documents that makes reference to many Lombardic terms, we obtain several terms still in use in the Italian language: ""barba"" (beard), ""marchio"" (mark), ""maniscalco"" (blacksmith), ""aia"" (courtyard), ""braida"" (suburban meadow), ""borgo"" (burg, village), ""fara"" (fundamental unity of Lombard social and military organization, presently used as"
"independent of the Académie. It has a tendency to produce neologisms in order to replace anglicisms. It created the portmanteaus ""courriel"" and ""clavardage"" (""clavier"" + ""bavardage""), for example. Another example in Quebec (but made outside of OQLF) is ""Centricois"", which means ""person from the region Centre-du-Québec"" (winner of a contest organised by the SSJB of Centre-du-Québec in 1999). Galician has many portmanteaus, some existing also in Portuguese but many others not (or only in the North of Portugal, close to Galicia), which can be explained by its popular origin: ""carambelo"" (frozen candy), from ""caramelo"" (candy) and ""carámbano"" (icicle); ""martabela"" (a"
"Latin *""amandula"", derived through a form ""amygdala"" from the Greek ἀμυγδάλη (""amygdálē"") (cf. amygdala), an almond. The ""al-"" in English, for the ""a-"" used in other languages may be due a confusion with the Arabic article ""al"", the word having first dropped the ""a-"" as in the Italian form ""mandorla""; the British pronunciation ""ah-mond"" and the modern Catalan ""ametlla"" and modern French ""amande"" show a form of the word closer to the original. Other related names of almond include ""mandel"" or ""knackmandel"" (German), ""mandorlo"" (Italian for the tree), ""mandorla"" (Italian for the fruit), ""amêndoa"" (Portuguese), and ""almendra"" (Spanish). The adjective"
"supporters of Savoy rule were the enemies of freedom. The following terms originally come from either Turkish or Ottoman Turkish language (the latter composed of Turkish, Arabic, and Persian words and grammar structures). The Arabic word ""Mamluk"" entered Portuguese as ""Mameluco"", which came to denote the first generation child of a European and an Amerindian - a social class which had a significant role in the early history of Brazil. Mamluk Mamluk (Arabic: ""mamlūk"" (singular), ""mamālīk"" (plural), meaning ""property"", also transliterated as ""Mameluke"", ""mamluq"", ""mamluke"", ""mameluk"", ""mameluke"", ""mamaluke"" or ""marmeluke"") is an Arabic designation for slaves. The term is most"
"flavored with or contain swirls of caramel. The English word comes from French ""caramel"", borrowed from Spanish ""caramelo"" (18th century), itself possibly from Portuguese ""caramel"". Most likely that comes from Late Latin ""calamellus"" 'sugar cane', a diminutive of ""calamus"" 'reed, cane', itself from Greek κάλαμος. Less likely, it comes from a Medieval Latin ""cannamella"", from ""canna"" 'cane' + ""mella"" 'honey'. Finally, some dictionaries connect it to an Arabic ""kora-mokhalla"" 'ball of sweet'. Caramel sauce is made by mixing caramelized sugar with cream. Depending on the intended application, additional ingredients such as butter, fruit purees, liquors, or vanilla can be used."
"thought that Old French borrowed the Italian ""melarancio"" (""fruit of the orange tree"", with ""mela"" ""fruit"") as ""pume orenge"" (with ""pume"" ""fruit""). Although ""pume orenge"" is attested earlier than ""melarancio"" in available written sources, lexicographers believe that the Italian word is actually older. The word ultimately derives from a Dravidian language — possibly Tamil நாரம் ""nāram"" or Telugu నారింజ ""nāriṃja"" or Malayalam നാരങ്ങ‌ ""nāraŋŋa"" — via Sanskrit नारङ्ग ""nāraṅgaḥ"" ""orange tree"". From there the word entered Persian ""nārang"" and then Arabic ""nāranj"". The initial ""n"" was lost through rebracketing in Italian and French, though some varieties of Arabic lost the"