"between policy-makers, regional institutions and members of civil society. There are ten research themes: West Africa Institute West Africa Institute The West Africa Institute was established in Praia (Cabo Verde) in 2010 to provide the missing link between policy and research in the regional integration process. The idea emerged from 15 research workshops organized in each of the 15 member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on the theme of regional integration by UNESCO’s programme for the Management of Social Transformations. In 2008, the Summit of Heads of State and Government of ECOWAS in Ouagadougou (Burkina"
"ECOWAS has 15 member states, eight of these are French-speaking, five are English-speaking and two Portuguese-speaking. All current members joined the community as founding members in May 1975, except Cape Verde which joined in 1977. The only former member of ECOWAS is Arabic-speaking Mauritania, which was also one of the founding members in 1975 and decided to withdraw in December 2000. Morocco officially requested to join ECOWAS in February 2017. The application was endorsed at the summit of heads of state in June 2017. Statistics for population, nominal GDP and purchase price parity GDP listed below are taken from World"
"continent-wide African Economic Community (AEC), the states goal of ECOWAS is to achieve ""collective self-sufficiency"" for its member states by creating a single large trade bloc by building a full economic and trading union. ECOWAS also serves as a peacekeeping force in the region, with member states occasionally sending joint military forces to intervene in the bloc's member countries at times of political instability and unrest. In recent years these included interventions in Ivory Coast in 2003, Liberia in 2003, Guinea-Bissau in 2012, Mali in 2013, and Gambia in 2017. ECOWAS includes two sub-regional blocs: ECOWAS operates in three co-official"
"of specialized agencies and intergovernmental organizations, such as the League of Arab States, the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, with a view to avoid duplication and ensure complementarity, synergy and exchange of information. ESCWA has 18 member states (the latest countries to join were Mauritania in 2015; Libya, Morocco and Tunisia in 2012), and reports to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) was first established in 1973 as the UN Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA). It was established by Economic and Social Council"
"States (ECOWAS). The Forum was attended by more than 1 500 economical and institutional operators from 20 countries. A jury is set at every annual gathering to decide the winners of the following awards : In 2016, Attijariwafa bank created the Africa development Club in order to set a business community in Africa that supports economic operators and communities working with banks in its network. The club aims at connecting these communities to help them discover new markets, and respond to tenders. With 400 members from 12 African countries, the Club includes six branches spread in Abidjan, dakar, Douala, Libreville,"
"economic agreements and permanent joint commissions involving Ghana and its immediate neighbours, sometimes in the face of latent ideological and political differences and mutual suspicion, as well as numerous reciprocal state visits by high-ranking officials. These measures have contributed significantly to subregional cooperation, development, and the reduction of tension. As an example of Ghana's interest in regional cooperation, the country enthusiastically endorsed formation of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. This organisation was created specifically to foster inter-regional economic and political cooperation. It has served as a useful vehicle for contacts with neighbouring West African governments"
"Bank estimates for 2015, published in December 2016. Area data is taken from a 2012 report compiled by the United Nations Statistics Division. The ECOWAS nations assigned a non-aggression protocol in 1990 along with two earlier agreements in 1978 and 1981. They also signed a Protocol on Mutual Defence Assistance in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 29 May 1981, that provided for the establishment of an Allied Armed Force of the Community. The Community Parliament consists of 115 members, distributed based on the population of each member state. This body is headed by the Speaker of the Parliament, who is above"
"saying, ""My exchanges with the imams and senior figures left me reassured that our country remains indivisible."" The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) held its 2017 summit on 16 December in Abuja, Nigeria instead of in Togo, likely because of political tension between the government and opposition. Around the time of this summit, thousands of protesters held anti-government marches. In Accra, Ghana, police arrested twelve members of the Ghana–Togo Solidarity movement, including Bernard Mornah, the chairman of the People's National Convention, for protesting the situation in Togo. The opposition held demonstrations on 28 December, and the police arrest"
"Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). An alleged plot to overthrow president Stevens failed in 1974 and its leaders were executed. In March 1976, Stevens was elected without opposition for a second five-year term as president. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials including Brigadier David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna, Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted for allegedly attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. In early 1977, a major anti-government demonstration by students and youth occurred throughout the country against the APC"
"is unchanging, but its composition has expanded to 18 countries. The G-15 is composed of countries from Africa, Asia, North America and South America. These non-aligned nations joined together to create a forum to foster cooperation and develop information which can be presented to other international groups, such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight. The G-15 nations have a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The group aims to encourage cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade, and technology. Meeting independently in Tehran, ministers from Brazil, Iran and Turkey negotiated an agreement"
"Mesoamerican region The Mesoamerican region (often abbreviated MAR) is a trans-national economic region in the Americas that is recognized by the OECD and other economic and developmental organizations, comprising the united economies of the seven countries in Central America — Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama — plus nine southeastern states of Mexico — Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, and Yucatán. Designated as an 'economic territory' by the OECD, the identification of the Mesoamerican region as a focus for common regional economic development has been observed since the adoption in 2001 by"
"Zimbabwe. The group's membership has expanded to 17 countries, but the name has remained unchanged. The leaders of G-15 nations are core contributors in summit meetings. but only some of the heads-of-state were at the Caracas event: The G-15 nations perceive an ongoing need to expand dialogue with the G8 nations. The G-15 want to help bridge the gap between developing countries and the more developed and industrialized nations. G-15 nations are united by shared perceptions of global economic issues; and the G-15 provides a structure for developing common strategies for dealing with these issues. G15 nations have joined together"
"Group of 15 The Group of 15 (G-15) is an informal forum set up to foster cooperation and provide input for other international groups, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Group of Seven. It was established at the Ninth Non-Aligned Movement Summit Meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in September 1989, and is composed of countries from Latin America, Africa, and Asia with a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The G-15 focuses on cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade, and technology. Membership has since expanded to 18 countries, but the name has remained"
"energy and energy efficiency markets in the 15 member states of ECOWAS. Since its founding, there has been growing external demand for its services. Two other centres in sub-Saharan Africa will seek to replicate the ECREEE model. One will be established by UNIDO and the East African Community to serve Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. A second will serve the 15 Member States of the Southern Africa Development Community. Both centres should be fully operational by 2014. Other centres are being established within the same network in the Caribbean and Pacific. From 2005 onwards, the New Partnership for Africa's"
"helps production and selling of grain, they helped establish the Grain Storage and Information Services for Agricultural Competitiveness. An educational project in Chihuahua called the Project for the Reduction of Inequality of Educational Opportunities had goals to stop regressive and marginal education. Mexico and the World Bank Mexico is an upper middle income country focused on manufacturing goods and free trade agreements with around 40-50 countries. It has 2.458 trillion dollars in GDP (purchasing power parity) making it the 15th largest economy in the world. It is a member of the OECD, NAFTA, APEC, WTO, and the G20. As of"
"unchanging, but its composition has expanded to 18 countries. The G-15 is composed of countries from Africa, Asia, North America and South America. These non-aligned nations joined together to create a forum to foster cooperation and develop information which can be presented to other international groups, such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight rich industrialized nations. The G-15 nations have a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The group aims to encourage cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade, and technology. Those nations expected to be represented at the summit are Algeria,"
"it is my duty not to conceal a clear crime, and I stand by all the conclusions of the report,"" she stated. The full report is still available on Archive.org. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA) [Arabic]: (الإسكوا), headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon, is one of five regional commissions under the administrative direction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. ESCWA promotes economic and social development of Western Asia through regional and subregional cooperation and integration. It devises, promotes, and executes development assistance activities and projects"
"socio-economic development and growth’. In 2012, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) designated 14 centres of excellence in member countries, namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger and Togo. This label entitles these institutions to financial support from WAEMU for a two-year period. ECOWAS intends to establish several centres of excellence of its own on a competitive basis, within its own Policy on Science and Technology (ECOPOST). South Africa is a regional powerhouse, since it alone generates about one-quarter of African GDP. In 2012, South Africa invested in more new projects across the continent than any"
"languages—French, English, and Portuguese, and consists of two institutions to implement policies: the ECOWAS Commission and the ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development (EBID), formerly known as the Fund for Cooperation until it was renamed in 2001. A few members of the organization have come and gone over the years. In 1976 Cape Verde joined ECOWAS, and in December 2000 Mauritania withdrew, having announced its intention to do so in December 1999. In 2011, ECOWAS adopted its development blueprint for the next decade, ""Vision 2020"", and, to accompany it, a Policy on Science and Technology (ECOPOST). As of February 2017,"
"efficiency markets in the 15 member states of ECOWAS. Since its founding, there has been growing external demand for its services. Two other centres in sub-Saharan Africa will seek to replicate the ECREEE model. One will be established by UNIDO and the East African Community to serve Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. A second will serve the 15 Member States of the Southern Africa Development Community. Both centres should be fully operational by 2014. Other centres are being established within the same network in the Caribbean and Pacific. Established in 2002, the West African Biosciences Network (BeCA) was the"
"United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, known as ECLAC, UNECLAC or in Spanish and Portuguese CEPAL, is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 45 member States (20 in Latin America, 13 in the Caribbean and 12 from outside the region), and 13 associate members which are various non-independent territories, associated island countries and a commonwealth in the Caribbean. ECLAC publishes statistics covering the countries of the region and makes cooperative agreements with nonprofit institutions. ECLAC's headquarters is in Santiago, Chile."
"World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF), based in Cologny-Geneva, Switzerland, was founded in 1971 as a not-for-profit organization. It gained formal status in January 2015 under the Swiss Host-State Act, confirming the role of the Forum as an International Institution for Public-Private Cooperation. The Forum's mission is cited as ""committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other leaders of society to shape global, regional, and industry agendas."" The WEF is best known for its annual meeting at the end of January in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern"
"the Secretary General. For the third time since its inception in 1975, ECOWAS is undergoing institutional reforms. The first was when it revised its treaty on 24 July 1993; the second was in 2007 when the Secretariat was transformed into a Commission. As of July 2013, ECOWAS now has six new departments (Human Resources Management; Education, Science and Culture; Energy and Mines; Telecommunications and IT; Industry and Private Sector Promotion. Finance and Administration to Sierra Leone has been decoupled, to give the incoming Ghana Commissioner the new portfolio of Administration and Conferences) The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice was created"
"(2015), Poland (2011), Canada (2007), Netherlands (2003), Korea (1999), Kenya (1995), United States of America (1991). The last World Assembly occurred in July 2015 in Oaxtepec, Mexico and was hosted by the Mexican member movement Compa. The next World Assembly will be held in Durban South Africa in 2019. For students, regional conferences are organised every few years. In Europe and Eurasia, there is the European Student Evangelism Conference. In 2000 it was held in Aschaffenburg, Germany, in Győr, Hungary in 2004 and 2012 and in Linz, Austria in 2008. Previous East Asia Regional Conferences were held at Port Dickson,"
"company taking responsibility for the disposal of goods it has produced, but not necessarily putting products’ constituent components back into service."" In closed loop recycling, a material is captured at the end of life and introduced back into the manufacturing process to make a new product The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) formed in 1960 and currently comprising 35 member countries including the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan and 23 countries in the European Union, works to foster economic prosperity and end poverty by promoting economic growth and financial stability for governments around the world while also taking"
"West African States (ECOWAS). The ECOWAS development fund is based in Lomé. Togo also is a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), which groups seven West African countries using the CFA franc. The West African Development Bank (BOAD), which is associated with UEMOA, is based in Lomé. Togo long served as a regional banking center, but that position has been eroded by the political instability and economic downturn of the early 1990s. Historically, France has been Togo's principal trading partner, although other European Union countries are important to Togo's economy. Total United States trade with Togo"
"various ethnic groups. For historical reasons, Western European languages such as French, English and Portuguese predominate in Southern and Coastal subregions, whilst Arabic spreads inland northwards. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), founded by the 1975 Treaty of Lagos, is an organization of West African states which aims to promote the region's economy. The West African Monetary Union (or UEMOA from its name in French, ""Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine"") is limited to the eight, mostly Francophone countries that employ the CFA franc as their common currency. The Liptako-Gourma Authority of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso seeks to"
"social issues continued to threaten this period of so-called stability. Although real income was on the rise, its distribution was still very uneven. Social problems were still overwhelmingly prevalent; large portions of the population were unnourished and without homes, and the education and health system were inept. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, known as ECLAC, UNECLAC or in Spanish and Portuguese CEPAL, is a United Nations regional commission to encourage economic cooperation. ECLAC includes 45 member States (20 in Latin America, 13 in the"
"of development. The Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was established in 1961 and ‌comprises 52 countries, of which 27 are OECD members: Belgium, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. In addition, 25 non-OECD countries are full members of the Development Centre: Brazil (since March 1994); India (February 2001); Romania (October 2004); Thailand (March 2005); South Africa (May 2006); Egypt and Viet Nam (March 2008); Colombia (July 2008); Indonesia"
"United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA) [Arabic]: (الإسكوا), headquartered in Beirut, Lebanon, is one of five regional commissions under the administrative direction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. ESCWA promotes economic and social development of Western Asia through regional and subregional cooperation and integration. It devises, promotes, and executes development assistance activities and projects in tune with the needs and priorities of the region of Western Asia. ESCWA coordinates its activities with those of the major departments/offices of the United Nations at Headquarters and"
"has received World Bank funding for the purpose of co-ordinating the project and knowledge-sharing among all 19 participating universities. Burkina Faso will be receiving $8 million in loans, the same amount as Benin, Cameroon and Togo. Nigeria will be receiving US$70 million, Ghana US$24 million, Senegal US$16 million and Gambia US$2 million. Within the framework of its Policy on Science and Technology (ECOPOST), ECOWAS intends to establish several centres of excellence of its own on a competitive basis. In January 2011, the government created the Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation. Up until then, management of science, technology and innovation"
"United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP or ESCAP), located in the United Nations Building in Rajadamnern Nok Avenue in Bangkok, Thailand, is one of the five regional commissions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, under the administrative direction of the United Nations headquarters. It was established in 1947 (then as the UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East, ECAFE) to encourage economic cooperation among its member states. The name was changed to the current in 1974. ESCAP has 53 member"
"America. These states are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia. In terms of population, its sphere of influence is the largest of any regional organization: almost 1.5 billion people, the combined population of its member states. It was established on December 8, 1985 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan. In April 2007, at the Association's 14th summit, Afghanistan became its eighth member. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is"