"Party and formed his own, independent, Scottish Labour Party, becoming the first socialist MP in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. At the 1892 general election, Keir Hardie, another Liberal politician who had joined Cunninghame-Graham in the Scottish Labour Party, was elected as an Independent Labour MP, and this gave him the spur to found a UK-wide Independent Labour Party in 1893. The early twentieth century saw a number of socialist groups and movements in Britain. As well as the Independent Labour Party and the Social Democratic Federation, there was a mass movement around Robert Blatchford's newspaper ""The Clarion"" from"
"a public meeting in Glasgow on 25 August 1888 the Scottish Labour Party (a different party from the 1994-created Scottish Labour Party) was founded, with Hardie becoming the party's first secretary. The party's president was Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, the first socialist MP, and later founder of the National Party of Scotland, forerunner to the Scottish National Party. Hardie was invited to stand in West Ham South in 1892, a working-class seat in Essex (now Greater London). The Liberals decided not to field a candidate, but at the same time not to offer Hardie any assistance. Competing against the Conservative"
"Cunninghame Graham Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (24 May 1852 – 20 March 1936) was a Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934. Cunninghame Graham was the eldest son of Major William Bontine of the Renfrew Militia and formerly a Cornet in the Scots Greys with whom he served"
"be named the ""Socialist Labour Party"", and was elected to its first National Administrative Council. In 1910, he was elected to Glasgow City Council for the Labour Party in Maryhill. George Carson (trade unionist) George Carson (1848 – 1921) was a Scottish trade unionist. Carson became prominent as a leader of the Scottish Tin Plate and Sheet Metal Workers' Society. In 1901, he was elected as secretary of the Parliamentary Committee of the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC), and in 1902 he became the leader of the associated Scottish Workers' Representation Committee. Also that year, he was elected as secretary"
"Angus Cunninghame Graham, the only son of his brother Cdr. Charles Elphinstone-Fleeming Cunninghame Graham, MVO. Cunninghame Graham Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (24 May 1852 – 20 March 1936) was a Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934. Cunninghame Graham was the eldest son of Major William Bontine of"
"Keir Hardie James Keir Hardie (15 August 185626 September 1915) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician. He was a founder of the Labour Party, and served as its first parliamentary leader from 1906 to 1908. Hardie was born in Newhouse, North Lanarkshire. He started working at the age of seven, and from the age of 10 worked in the South Lanarkshire coal mines. With a background in preaching, he became known as a talented public speaker and was chosen as a spokesman for his fellow miners. In 1879, Hardie was elected leader of a miners' union in Hamilton and"
"election for the Labour Party, becoming one of the first two Labour MPs to be elected in Scotland. He sat for Blackfriars and Hutchesontown until the constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election, and thereafter sat for Glasgow Gorbals (which covered the same area) until he stood down at the 1922 election. Barnes was Leader of the Labour Party from 14 February 1910 to 6 February 1911. He was Minister of Pensions (1916–1917) and Minister without Portfolio (1917–1920) under David Lloyd George. In 1918 the Labour Party decided to leave the Lloyd George Coalition but Barnes refused to resign."
"John Carnegie (Labour politician) John Carnegie (1860 – 4 February 1928) was a Scottish politician. Born in Brechin, Carnegie began working at the age of ten. He became interested in socialism, joining the Socialist League, and was an early member of the Scottish Labour Party, then became a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Under this label, he was elected to the Dundee Public Board in 1894, becoming its first socialist member, and in 1904 he was elected to Dundee Town Council. By the 1920s, Carnegie was living in Barry near Carnoustie, and working as a building contractor."
"the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, following which Hardie became a founder member of the Scottish Labour Party and relaunched ""The Miner"" as the ""Labour Leader"". In 1893 the Scottish Labour Party affiliated to the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Hardie became the party's first leader and began using the ""Labour Leader"" as a forum for the development of policy for the new party. In 1894 he was able to increase the paper's frequency from monthly to weekly. Hardie continued to publish and edit the ""Labour Leader"" until 1904, when he sold it to the ILP, amid some controversy on the appropriate"
"Labour from its establishment until 2007. The Liberal Democrat leader Jim Wallace became Deputy First Minister, a role he continued until his retirement as party leader in 2005. The new leader of the party, Nicol Stephen, then took on the role of Deputy First Minister until the election of 2007. For the first three Scottish Parliament elections, the Lib Dems maintained a consistent number of MSPs. From the 17 elected in 1999, they retained this number in 2003 and went down one to 16 in 2007. However, this fell to only five seats after the 2011 election as a result"
"had 21,500 members and 9,500 affiliated through trade unions and other groups, making a total of 31,000 people associated with the Party. From the formation of the Labour Representation Committee in 1900, it had members in Scotland, but unlike in England and Wales, it made no pact with the Liberal Party and so initially struggled to make an impact. In 1899, the Scottish Trades Union Congress organised the Scottish Workers' Representation Committee, which merged into the Labour Party in 1909, greatly increasing its presence in Scotland. By this time, the party's structure in the nation was complex, with constituency parties,"
"John Maclean campaigned for a separate Communist Party in Scotland in the 1920s, and when the CPGB refused to support Scottish independence, he formed the Scottish Workers Republican Party. The poet Hugh MacDiarmid, a Communist, was also an early member of the National Party of Scotland. The CPGB eventually changed their position in the 1940s. The early nationalist parties had little connection with socialism, but by the 1980s they had become increasingly identified with the left, and in the 1990s Plaid Cymru declared itself to be a socialist party. Following the establishment of the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly, both"
"were increasing calls for Home Rule for Scotland and the post of Secretary of State for Scotland was revived. Towards the end of the century Prime Ministers of Scottish descent included William Gladstone, and the Earl of Rosebery. In the later 19th century the growing importance of the working classes was marked by Keir Hardie's success in the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, leading to the foundation of the Scottish Labour Party, which was absorbed into the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader. Glasgow became one of the largest cities in the world and known as"
"attend, renamed it the Communist Labour Party. It also decided that it should remain a provisional body with the aim of joining the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), a position championed by Willie Gallacher. His positions defeated, Maclean left the group and instead joined the SLP. The Communist Labour Party then joined the CPGB, along with the remainder of the CP(BSTI) in January 1921. Communist Labour Party (Scotland) The Communist Labour Party was a small Communist Party in Scotland. It was formed in September 1920 by the Scottish Workers' Committee and the Scottish section of the Communist Party (British"
"Scottish Socialist Party (1987) The Scottish Socialist Party was a small political party operating in Scotland in the 20th century. It was primarily a left-wing breakaway from the Scottish National Party, although it succeeded in recruiting a number of Labour Party members, including the former Labour Group leader in the Edinburgh council, Alex Wood. A group of dissident Labour Party and SNP members formed the Scottish Socialist Movement in 1987, shortly after the general election held that year, and in 1988 the SSM became the Scottish Socialist Party. The party favoured the establishment of a Scottish socialist republic, independent of"
"been regarded as a rabid socialist' and had won support from many Liberal voters in the past owing his 'moderate' opinions. It was reported in 1920 that Wilkie would retire at the next general election. Wilkie then stood down at the 1922 general election. Alexander Wilkie Alexander Wilkie (30 September 1850 – 2 September 1928) was a Labour Party politician in Scotland, best known for his service as a Member of Parliament for Dundee. Along with the Dundonian George Nicoll Barnes Wilkie was one of the first two Labour Members elected in Scotland. Alexander Wilkie was born in Fife in"
"subsequently in 1919 to ""Land&Liberty"". The periodical was initially the campaigning voice of the Scottish Land Restoration Union. The Union and its antecedents were a contemporary political force in Scotland, launching the career of Keir Hardie, the first socialist elected to the UK Parliament, who went on to become the Labour Party's first leader. Inspired by Henry George, the Union's activism helped deliver—through its publication ""The Single Tax"": ""an American impulse behind the Scottish labor movement, which became historic in making the modern Labour party, and in forging the character of twentieth-century Britain."" Yet within its first year—recording historic shudders"
"Liberals but also by those involved in the growing Labour Party and the Independent Labour Party in particular. The Labour Party, formed in 1900, was formally committed to establishing an assembly for Scotland and this seemed to increase prospects for home rule. The demands for political change in the way in which Scotland was run changed dramatically in the 1920s when Scottish nationalists started to form various organisations. The Scots National League was formed in 1920 in favour of Scottish independence, and this movement was superseded in 1928 by the formation of the National Party of Scotland, which became the"
"of Ettrick Forest in the Scottish Borders on 6 June 1997. He campaigned for Scottish devolution, and in 1999 was elected to the Scottish Parliament as a Liberal Democrat MSP for Lothians. He became the first Presiding Officer (speaker) of the Scottish Parliament on 12 May 1999. In this role, he used the style ""Sir David Steel"", despite his peerage. He suspended his Lib Dem membership for the duration of his tenure as Presiding Officer; that post, like the Speaker of the UK House of Commons, is strictly nonpartisan. He stepped down as an MSP when the parliament was dissolved"
"Communist Labour Party (Scotland) The Communist Labour Party was a small Communist Party in Scotland. It was formed in September 1920 by the Scottish Workers' Committee and the Scottish section of the Communist Party (British Section of the Third International) (CP(BSTI)), some members of the Socialist Labour Party (SLP) and various local communist groups. In the same month, the Communist Party of South Wales and the West of England was founded, with a very similar programme. Under the influence of John Maclean MA, the group was provisionally named the ""Scottish Communist Party"". However, its founding conference, which Maclean did not"
"until his defeat at the 1906 general election. The Labour Party candidate was 42-year-old John Hill, a Scottish trade unionist who unsuccessfully contested Glasgow Govan at the 1906 general election. On a slightly increased turnout, the result was a narrow victory for McArthur, who slightly increased his majority of that won by McIver in 1906. McArthur held the seat at the January 1910 general election, but died in office later that year, triggering another by-election. Hill did not stand for Parliament again, but became general secretary of the United Society of Boilermakers and Iron and Steel Shipbuilders in 1909, and"
"He served on the Forfarshire Education Authority Works Committee. He stood for the Labour Party in Montrose Burghs at the 1922 and 1923 UK general elections, taking a close second place on each occasion. John Carnegie (Labour politician) John Carnegie (1860 – 4 February 1928) was a Scottish politician. Born in Brechin, Carnegie began working at the age of ten. He became interested in socialism, joining the Socialist League, and was an early member of the Scottish Labour Party, then became a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). Under this label, he was elected to the Dundee Public"
"along with Hardie, Ramsay MacDonald and Philip Snowden. The four were re-elected in 1910, and Glasier remained on the council until 1919. He opposed World War I, but in 1915 was struck by cancer. He continued to write (including ""William Morris and the Early Days of the Socialist Movement"") until his death in 1920. John Bruce Glasier John Bruce Glasier (25 March 1859 – 4 June 1920) was a Scottish socialist politician, associated mainly with the Independent Labour Party. Glasier was born in Glasgow as John Bruce, but grew up near Newton Ayr. Following the death of his father in"
"lived off ""garlic and oil"", and they were carriers of ""the Black Death"". In 1900, Hardie organised a meeting of various trade unions and socialist groups and they agreed to form a Labour Representation Committee and so the Labour Party was born. Later that same year Hardie, representing Labour, was elected as the junior MP for the dual-member constituency of Merthyr Tydfil in the South Wales Valleys, which he would represent for the remainder of his life. Only one other Labour MP was elected that year, but from these small beginnings the party continued to grow, forming the first-ever Labour"
"the later 19th century the issue of Irish Home Rule led to a split among the Liberals, with a minority breaking away to form the Liberal Unionists in 1886. The growing importance of the working classes was marked by Keir Hardie's success in the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888, leading to the foundation of the Scottish Labour Party, which was absorbed into the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader. The main unit of local government was the parish, and since it was also part of the church, the elders imposed public humiliation for what the locals"
"which generated and distributed electricity. Concerned that his workers did not have a trade union to join, he founded one in 1890, and became its first secretary. Haddow became interested in socialism in the late 1880s, and built a friendship with Keir Hardie. He was a founder member of the Scottish Labour Party in 1888, and later of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1893. The ILP was a founder constituent of the Labour Representation Committee, and Haddow was elected as its first Glasgow chairman. In 1900, he stood for Glasgow City Council as an ILP candidate in the Gorbals,"
"the 1918 General Election Maclean was elected to the House of Commons to represent the Govan seat in Glasgow. When many of his fellow ILP Clydesiders left the Labour Party, Maclean remained a Labour MP, associating for a time with the Scottish Socialist Party. He retired from Parliament in 1950, not having secured renomination. He was offered a seat in the House of Lords, but declined due to his socialist principles. He was appointed a CBE. Neil Maclean Neil Maclean (1875 – 12 September 1953) was a Scottish socialist and an Independent Labour Party and later Labour Party Member of"
"George Carson (trade unionist) George Carson (1848 – 1921) was a Scottish trade unionist. Carson became prominent as a leader of the Scottish Tin Plate and Sheet Metal Workers' Society. In 1901, he was elected as secretary of the Parliamentary Committee of the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC), and in 1902 he became the leader of the associated Scottish Workers' Representation Committee. Also that year, he was elected as secretary of Glasgow Trades Council. Carson was a founder member of the Scottish Labour Party in 1888. When the Independent Labour Party was founded in 1893, Carson unsuccessfully moved that it"
"Labour Party. Lowe continued to write in support of the labour movement throughout his life, notably writing ""Souvenirs of Scottish Labour"" in 1919, a history of the Scottish Labour Party. He remained a close lifelong friend of Hardie's. David Lowe (socialist) David Lowe (1867 – 18 November 1947) was a Scottish socialist activist. Born in Dundee, Lowe moved to Glasgow in his youth, where he worked closely with Keir Hardie, becoming the first assistant editor of the ""Labour Leader"" newspaper. He returned to Dundee in 1888, still working for the newspaper, and becoming the leading figure in the Scottish Labour"
"purge followed in the SDF at its 1903 Annual Conference, with the dissident radicals denounced as ""Impossibilists"" by the SDF leadership. On 7 June 1903 the Socialist Labour Party was formally established at a meeting in Edinburgh, with the already extant monthly newspaper ""The Socialist"" declared its official organ. The party began with a membership of only about 80 individuals in 4 branches, all in Scotland — two in Edinburgh, one in Glasgow, and one in Falkirk. Although deeply influenced by the Socialist Labor Party of America, members of the fledgling British organisation sought their intellectual independence from the start."
"the first Scottish Socialist Societies conference, with the Social Democratic Federation and Edinburgh Christian Socialists; this led to the formation of the Scottish Socialist Federation (SSF). In 1893, the council co-organised a demonstration in support of the eight-hour working day with the SSF and Independent Labour Party (ILP). It remained close to the ILP, and in 1927 put up funds in order that its regional publication, the ""Labour Standard"", could continue, although it only survived three more years. The council also helped organise unions in industries where there was no body in place; for example, in 1889, it organised a"
"government by forming a coalition with the Scottish Liberal Democrats, with Dewar agreeing to their demand for the abolition of up-front tuition fees for university students as the price for a coalition deal. Dewar became the inaugural First Minister of Scotland. Dewar died only a year later on 11 October 2000. A new first minister was elected in a ballot by Scottish Labour's MSPs and national executive members, because there was insufficient time to hold a full leadership election. On 27 October, Henry McLeish was elected to succeed Dewar, defeating rival Jack McConnell. Labour's dominance of Scotland's Westminster seats continued"
"1892, in the Glasgow Camlachie constituency. Two other MPs, Gavin Clark and Charles Conybeare, held honorary offices in the party until January 1893. Following their departure, with many of the other radicals, the party declared itself in favour of socialism, and prohibited officials (but not other members) from dual membership with other political parties. The party ran two other candidates in 1892: J. Bennett Burleigh in Glasgow Tradeston and James MacDonald in Dundee. Attempts by Cunninghame Graham and Shaw Maxwell to arrange a non-contest pact with the Liberals failed, and the SLP candidates did not poll well. The party initially"