Due to its use by the ruling class to murder one another and for its potency and discreetness, which element has been called the 'Poison of Kings'?
"test is the Reinsch test.) Owing to its use by the ruling class to murder one another and its potency and discreetness, arsenic has been called the ""poison of kings"" and the ""king of poisons"". During the Bronze Age, arsenic was often included in bronze, which made the alloy harder (so-called ""arsenical bronze""). Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great, 1193–1280) is believed to have been the first to isolate the element from a compound in 1250, by heating soap together with arsenic trisulfide. In 1649, Johann Schröder published two ways of preparing arsenic. Crystals of elemental (native) arsenic are found in"
"sufficient to say he meant a specific plant. Hebenon is a poison used to kill a pope and other world leaders in the thriller, ""The Tao Deception"", by John M Green. Further reading Hebenon Hebenon (or hebona) is a botanical substance described in William Shakespeare's tragic play ""Hamlet"". The identity and nature of the poison has been a source of speculation for centuries. Hebenon is the agent of death in Hamlet's father's murder, it sets in motion the events of the play. It is spelled ""hebona"" in the Quartos and ""hebenon"" in the Folios. This is the only mention of"
"Hebenon Hebenon (or hebona) is a botanical substance described in William Shakespeare's tragic play ""Hamlet"". The identity and nature of the poison has been a source of speculation for centuries. Hebenon is the agent of death in Hamlet's father's murder, it sets in motion the events of the play. It is spelled ""hebona"" in the Quartos and ""hebenon"" in the Folios. This is the only mention of ""hebenon/hebona"" in any of Shakespeare's plays. Writers from Shakespeare's time to the present have speculated about the identity of hebenon. It may be different from hemlock, as hemlock is explicitly mentioned in several"
"powder,"" perhaps because impatient heirs were known or suspected to use it to ensure or accelerate their inheritances. It was also a common murder technique in the 19th century in domestic violence situations, such as the case of Rebecca Copin, who attempted to poison her husband by ""putting arsenic in his coffee"". In ancient Korea, and particularly in Joseon Dynasty, arsenic-sulfur compounds have been used as a major ingredient of ""sayak"" (사약; 賜藥), which was a poison cocktail used in capital punishment of high-profile political figures and members of the royal family. Due to social and political prominence of the"
"used for self-advantageous reasons in every class of the social order. The writer Livy describes the poisoning of members of the upper class and nobles of Rome, and Roman emperor Nero is known to have favored the use of poisons on his relatives, even hiring a personal poisoner. His preferred enema poison was said to be cyanide. Nero's predecessor, Claudius, was allegedly poisoned with mushrooms or alternatively poison herbs. However, accounts of the way Claudius died vary greatly. Halotus, his taster, Gaius Stertinius Xenophon, his doctor, and the infamous poisoner Locusta have all been accused of possibly being the administrator"
"Princes are often appointed to act as rulers of small areas under the auspices of a Queen. It is highly unorthodox for a witch who is not a Queen to rule. The Blood possess some ability to sense and mask their psychic scent (the combination of their Jewel ranking, caste, and personal ""scent""). It seems that darker Jewels are better able to both sense and mask psychic scents. Jewel rank is considered less important than overall caste. A low-ranking Queen in term of Jewels outranks a high-ranking witch and a low-ranking Warlord outranks a Prince. Within caste, the higher ranking"
"expresses the ""horror unleashed by a supposedly loyal subject who seeks to kill a king and the treasonous role of equivocation. The play even echoes certain keywords from the scandal – the 'vault' beneath the House of Parliament in which Guy Fawkes stored thirty kegs of gunpowder and the 'blow' about which one of the conspirators had secretly warned a relative who planned to attend the House of Parliament on 5 November...Even though the Plot is never alluded to directly, its presence is everywhere in the play, like a pervasive odor."" Scholars also cite an entertainment seen by King James"
"507) people will practice alchemy to create immortality drugs, including the ""Langgan"" Elixir that ""will flow and flower in thick billows"" and Cloud ""Langgan"". If the adept takes one spatula full of elixir, ""their spiritual feathers will spread forth like pinions. Then will they (be able to) peruse the pattern figured on the Vault of Space, and glow forth in the Chamber of Primal Commencement"" (tr. Needham et al. 1980: 216). Several ingredients in the Elixir of ""Langgan"" Efflorescence are toxic heavy metals including mercury, lead, and arsenic, and alchemical elixir poisoning was common knowledge in China. Academics have puzzled"
"groups battle amongst themselves and against the Pureborn for dominance of the city: the Thirteen, the Ancient Guild of Spicers, and the Tourmaline Brotherhood. Qarth's warlocks, whose lips are turned blue from a potion called ""the shade of the evening"", are said to brood over these factions; they are still feared although their power and prestige have waned over the years. Qarth is also home to the Sorrowful Men, a guild of assassins named so for whispering ""I am so sorry,"" before killing their victims. Daenerys leaves Qarth again at the end of ""A Clash of Kings"". Asshai and the"
"Odyssey"", Blood and Etrigan were merged once again. After the remerging, the relationship between Blood and Etrigan became even more contentious. Drawn to Hell by the archfiend Asteroth, Etrigan stopped Asteroth's attempt to sacrifice Glenda Mark, Randu Singh, Merlin and Blood himself (in Hell Blood and Etrigan were, at time, separated). Etrigan followed these events by overthrowing the triumvirate of leaders in hell (Belial, Lucifer, and Beezlebub) and taking the symbol of authority in hell, the Crown of Horns for himself. Separated from Blood via the Crown's power, and about to destroy him, Merlin reminded Blood of his own power."
"which he so richly merited and which demanded a brief final scene. Hours of waiting just for the mechanical end when all that is really life has departed only exhausts the onlookers and keeps them so strained that they cannot avail themselves of the solace of thought, communion or prayer. I therefore decided to determine the end and injected (myself) morphia gr. 3/4 and shortly afterwards cocaine gr. 1 into the distended jugular vein [...]"" Dawson said that he acted to preserve the King's dignity, to prevent further strain on the family, and so that the King's death at 11:55"
"sought to calm the king. The subsequent investigation of potential poisoners led to accusations of witchcraft, murder and more. Authorities rounded up a number of fortune tellers and alchemists who were suspected of selling not only divinations, séances and aphrodisiacs, but also ""inheritance powders"" (a euphemism for poison). Some of them confessed under torture and gave authorities lists of their clients, who had allegedly bought poison to get rid of their spouses or rivals in the royal court. The most famous case was that of midwife Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin or ""La Voisin"", who was arrested in 1679 after she was"
"is conspiring to have Cloten (her cloddish and arrogant son by an earlier marriage) married to Imogen to secure her bloodline. The Queen is also plotting to murder both Imogen and Cymbeline, procuring what she believes to be deadly poison from the court doctor. The doctor, Cornelius, is suspicious and switches the poison with a harmless sleeping potion. The Queen passes the ""poison"" along to Pisanio, Posthumus and Imogen's loving servant -- the latter is led to believe it is a medicinal drug. No longer able to be with her banished Posthumus, Imogen secludes herself in her chambers, away from"
"in his room, probably as the result of his delicate health. His death was used as one of the core elements of the Black Legend in the Netherlands, which needed to justify a revolt against the king. It was later claimed that he was poisoned on the orders of King Philip, especially by William the Silent in his ""Apology"", a 1581 propaganda work against the Spanish king. The idea of the poisoning had been held by central and north European historians, based on the pieces of propaganda produced in the Netherlands, until the 20th century, while most Spanish and Italian"
"paint the walls of some of the most luxurious villas in Pompeii, including the Villa of the Mysteries. Pliny reported that the painters of that villa stole a large portion of the expensive pigment by frequently washing their brushes and saving the wash water. In the Byzantine Empire, the use of cinnabar and the vermilion color was reserved for the use of the Imperial family and administrators; official letters and imperial decrees were written in vermilion ink, made with cinnabar. Vermilion was also used by the peoples of North and South America, to paint ceramics, figurines, murals, and for the"
"the murder of Litvinenko. They discovered ""a 'hot' teapot at London's Millennium Hotel with an off-the-charts reading for polonium-210, the radioactive material used in the killing."" In addition, a senior official said investigators had concluded the murder of Litvinenko was ""a 'state-sponsored' assassination orchestrated by Russian security services."" The police want to charge former Russian spy Andrei Lugovoy, who met Litvinenko on 1 November 2006, the day officials believe the lethal dose of polonium-210 was administered. On the same day, ""The Guardian"" reported that the British government was preparing an extradition request asking that Andrei Lugovoy be returned to the"
"it was not enough that porphyry was explicitly for imperial use and for imperial use alone, the stone's rarity served to set the emperors apart from their subjects as their superiors. The comparative vividness of porphyry to other stones underscored the fact that these figures were not regular citizens; rather, they were many levels above, even reaching to the status of gods, worthy of the respect they expected. The choice of porphyry made the emperors unapproachable in terms of power and nature, belonging to another world, the world of the mighty gods, present for a short time on earth. Porphyry"
"by Cassiopeia, the first Queen of Lireo. The gem has powerful characteristics and abilities, and is considered as the most powerful weapon of Encantadia. With this, it is being sought by greedy encantados driving Cassiopeia to break it into four elemental gems that hold balance to the realm: fire, air, water and earth. She later handed them to the four kingdoms of Encantadia. King Arvak of Hathoria wanted to acquire all gems, starting a rebellion leading to the Great Encantadian War wherein he was killed. Prince Raquim of Sapiro was able to recover the fire and water gem from King"
"his quarters were searched a book on different types of poison was found. Catherine de' Medici was well known to have an interest in poisons and the occult. Under torture, Montecuccoli confessed to poisoning the Dauphin. In an age before forensic science, poison was usually suspected whenever a young, healthy person died shortly after eating or drinking. There was no way to pinpoint and trace the substance after death; therefore, it was considered a quick, easy and untraceable form of homicide. There have been several other suspected cases of political-murder-by-poison in the French royal family through the ages. It is"
"ceremonies. Ambroise Paré explains that alicorns were used in the court of the King of France to detect the presence of poison in food and drink: if the comestible became hot and started to smoke, then the dish was poisoned. Pope Clement VII offered a unicorn horn two cubits long to King Francis I of France at the wedding of his niece Catherine de' Medici in Marseille in October 1533, and the king did not ever move without a bag filled with unicorn powder. Also, the Grand Inquisitor Torquemada always carried unicorn horn to protect himself from poison and murderers."
"magic and history, and is even used as ""cold storage"" for particularly dangerous, but immortal, creatures. Their symbol is a seven pointed star. The Wallmakers were the builders of the Wall that divides the Old Kingdom from Ancelstriere and creators of the Charter Stones; A Charter Magic bloodline particularly skilled in the creation of magical objects. They created the weaponry of the Royal Family (such as the twin swords wielded by Touchstone), the ceramic, nearly impervious armor known as Gethre owned by the Abhorsens, the Abhorsen's sword, and other powerful Charter Magic objects and weapons possessed by the Clayr. It"
"the Guild, whereby other Guild members test new poisons upon the unfortunate (see ""The Palace of Love"" for an example: the offender had sold fixed-rate poison at a discount). Referred to several times in the series, the poisonous or infective agent known as ""cluthe"" is one of the most famous and dreaded substances at the venefice's disposal. Tristano the Earthman, when beaten by Gersen in a fight, is willing to stand physical torture and permanent maiming and disfigurement rather than spill secrets and be put to death by cluthe (as Suthiro would be ordered to kill him). Other opponents whom"
"Masonry. The Priest blesses the Elements in the name of the Lord, and also states the essential function of the entire operation, which is to bestow health, wealth, strength, joy, peace, and the perpetual happiness that is the successful fulfillment of will. He breaks off a piece of one of the hosts, and, placing it on the tip of the Lance, both he and the Priestess depress it into the Cup, crying “Hriliu” (which Crowley translated as “the shrill scream of orgasm”). The Priest entreats Baphomet—""O Lion and O Serpent""—to be ""mighty among us."" He then declares the Law of"
"relaxants led to drowsiness and eventually a loss of consciousness. In the ""Cyranides"", a Greek manual focusing on magical properties, there are descriptions of different gemstones that were thought to possess certain powers.• Dendrites= lead to the love of the gods and success in the world. • Sapphire= will result in a victory in every lawsuit brought against you. • Aerizon= effective around leaders when placed within a gold ring. There were many cases in Greek and Neo-Assyrian cultures where social inferiors would stand before their superiors armed only with a magical stone set in a ring. They were hoping"
"that this material contained tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis. According to psychopharmacological researcher Ethan B. Russo, the cannabis was clearly ""cultivated for psychoactive purposes,"" rather than as fibre for clothing or as food. It may have been employed as a medicinal agent, or an aid to divination. This is the oldest known use of cannabis as a pharmacological agent. The extremely dry conditions and alkaline soil acted as preservatives, allowing a team of scientists to carefully analyze the stash, which still looked green though it had lost its distinctive odour. Jushi Kingdom The Jushi (), or Gushi (), were"
"as can be read on the matter-devoted poem of Eustache Deschamps' """"not only the symbol of greatness and power, but also of dignity, virtue and quality behavior of the courtiers of the ( French) king"""". The recognition sign of the order was a diadem with twelve pearls. These were the twelve flowers of authority, faith, virtue, temperance, piety, prudence, sincerity, honor, power, mercy, generosity, solidarity and largesse. Properties that ""yield their light upon all who were less common name"". How the order looked is unknown, at this time it was usual that a common recognition sign was worn hanging from"
"The elaborate headdresses worn by women are undisturbed which lends to the assumption they were lying or sitting down when they died. Woolley thought initially that the attendants were human sacrifices and were killed to show the kings power and put on a public show. Later he speculated that the attendants voluntarily consumed poison to continue serving their head in death. Each attendant was found with a small cup nearby which they could drink the poison from. The poison could have been a sedative with the cause of death being suffocation from having the chamber sealed. Some research has found"
"aged 27, in 1760. Ceruse caused blemishes, upon which she applied more of the substance, causing even more blemishes. Eventually she died of lead poisoning. Venetian ceruse Venetian Ceruse, also known as Spirits of Saturn, was a 16th-century cosmetic used as a skin whitener. It was in great demand and considered the best available at that time. The cosmetic's use of white lead as a pigment caused lead poisoning, damaging the skin and causing hair loss. Usage over an extended period could cause death. Elizabeth I of England is popularly imagined to have been a notable user, although critics Anna"
"These cordials were called Surfeit Waters, which were specifically created for treating overindulgence. Precious ingredients like gold, pearls and coral were sometimes added. These were believed to revive the spirit and to preclude disease. Lucy Pevensie, a pivotal character in C. S. Lewis's ""Chronicles of Narnia"", was, as Queen Lucy in ""The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"", gifted a bottle of magical cordial by Father Christmas along with her dagger, prior to the Battle of Berunia. The cordial was said to be made from the juice of Fire-Flowers that grew in the mountains of the sun, with a single"
"named mendelevium in honor of D.I. Mendeleev, the first to arrange the elements in a periodic manner. Most recently, the synthesis of element 118 (since named oganesson) was reported in October 2006, and the synthesis of element 117 (tennessine) was reported in April 2010. Ten materials familiar to various prehistoric cultures are now known to be chemical elements: Carbon, copper, gold, iron, lead, mercury, silver, sulfur, tin, and zinc. Three additional materials now accepted as elements, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, were recognized as distinct substances prior to 1500 AD. Phosphorus, cobalt, and platinum were isolated before 1750. Most of the"
"Dominion Lords, a group of holy warriors who were to promote peace and understanding among the four main races. As strife continued, the King went to the gods and asked them for something to help with peace among the races. They gave him the Sovereign Stone which could be split into four portions each representing one of the four elements. The King took this gift and gave one portion to each of the races so that they could create their own Dominion Lords. A fifth portion of the Stone that was unseen, save by the young Prince, Dagnarus, was the"
"a large jeweled button. The gems used on the crown were chosen in accordance with the alchemical principles subscribed to in the Rudolphine Court, with the crown apparently being designed to protect its possessor against evil. According to Emperor Rudolph's physician, Anselmus de Boodt (1550–1632), diamonds have an inherent power that wards off evil spirits, rubies protect against illness and poison and will warn the wearer when danger threatens by turning dark, and pearls strengthen the health of the wearer and counter the effects of poison. The only depiction of the original crown dates from 1756, a gouache painting that"
"of the King, or obstacles to power and peace. To add to this dichotomy, he was also ""a kindly step-uncle"" to his royal nephews, Chivalry and Verity, who ""watched over them"" (presumably he ensured that they weren't threatened or poisoned). This split of appearances did not last long, however: whilst still a young man, Chade was badly scarred when a potion he was brewing exploded, terribly marking his face and hands. Ashamed of his appearance, Chade retreated into private, hidden chambers within the castle, and later claimed to have wished himself dead. For months, refused to leave his chambers; when"