Which organisation was established in London by Eglatine Jebb and her sister Dorothy Buxton in 1919, originally to alleviate starvation in Germany after the war?
"and Freedom. In 1917 she and her husband left the Liberal Party for the Labour Party, and joined the Society of Friends. During [English War] she compiled 'Notes from the Foreign Press' for the ""Cambridge Magazine"". Her writing inspired the Fight the Famine Council, founded in 1918 as an effort to alleviate starvation of civilians in Germany and Austria-Hungary during the Allied blockade of Germany in World War I, which led to the Save the Children Fund, which she and her sister Eglantyne Jebb founded in 1919. In 1935, increasingly concerned at Nazi treatment of Christians in Germany, she visited"
"Dorothy Buxton Dorothy Frances Buxton (née Jebb; 3 March 1881 – 8 April 1963) was an English humanitarian, social activist and commentator on Germany. Dorothy Frances Jebb was born 3 August 1881 in Ellesmere, Shropshire, the youngest of three sisters born to Arthur Trevor Jebb (1739–1825) and Eglantyne Louisa Jebb. Her mother's brother was the Cambridge classicist Richard Claverhouse Jebb, and Dorothy was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1904 she married Charles Roden Buxton, at that time a Liberal politician, and the pair were active in the Liberal Party. In 1915 she joined the Women's International League for Peace"
"to her and her husband are held at the London School of Economics. Dorothy Buxton Dorothy Frances Buxton (née Jebb; 3 March 1881 – 8 April 1963) was an English humanitarian, social activist and commentator on Germany. Dorothy Frances Jebb was born 3 August 1881 in Ellesmere, Shropshire, the youngest of three sisters born to Arthur Trevor Jebb (1739–1825) and Eglantyne Louisa Jebb. Her mother's brother was the Cambridge classicist Richard Claverhouse Jebb, and Dorothy was educated at Newnham College, Cambridge. In 1904 she married Charles Roden Buxton, at that time a Liberal politician, and the pair were active in"
"end, and the German and Austro-Hungarian economies came near to collapse, it was clear to Dorothy and Eglantyne that the children of these countries were suffering appallingly from the effects of the war and the Allied blockade, which continued even when an armistice was signed. A pressure group, the Fight the Famine Council, was set up in 1919 to persuade the British government to end the blockade. Soon, however, the focus shifted to organising relief. On 15 April 1919, the Council set up a fund to raise money for the German and Austrian children – the Save the Children Fund."
"she and Adolf Lette founded the ""Berliner Frauen-Verein zur Beförderung der Fröbel’schen Kindergärten"" (Berlin women's association for the advancement of Fröbelian kindergartens), which advocated for the establishment in Berlin of kindergartens, a form of preschool education conceived of by the pedagogue Friedrich Fröbel. Morgenstern served as chair from 1862 to 1866, by which time the society had established eight kindergartens in the city, as well as a school for the education of kindergarten teachers. In 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War, she founded Berlin's first ""Volksküche"" ('public kitchen,' or soup kitchen), an organization that offered nutritional meals at very low prices"
"to a quality basic education. In 2014, Save the Children Australia responded to 18 humanitarian emergencies, and ran 149 projects that reached 12 million people in 29 countries. Save the Children was founded in England by Eglantyne Jebb, a teacher and sociologist, in 1919. Known then as the International Save the Children Fund, the organisation's first goal was to supply food to starving children in Austria immediately after World War I. Jebb had a strong vision and dedication to children's rights and developed five directives that she believed were the fundamental rights of every child. She lobbied the League of"
"of 1923, after having won international acclaim. At the end of World War II, images of malnourished and sick children ran throughout Europe. Jebb and her sister worked to gain public sympathy in order to elicit support aid. Save the Children staff were among the first into the liberated areas after World War II, working with refugee children and displaced persons in former occupied Europe, including survivors of Nazi concentration camps. At the same time, work in the United Kingdom focused on improving conditions for children growing up in cities devastated by bombing and facing huge disruptions in family life."
"organisation which had been created during a period of political repression in the revolutionary aftermath of the war, as a left-wing vehicle for women to provide support to political prisoners. The organisation had been set up by the ADGB (Trades Union Confederation), but during 1923 it was dissolved, primarily because of the overlap between its residual activities and those of the Rote Hilfe Deutschland (RHD - Communist welfare organisation): from around 1925 Aschenbrenner, like others affected, switched her energies over to the RHD. In 1924 there was another to the . Aschenbrenner stood as a candidate. This time she remained"
"food distribution and sharing information about food price control. Following the end of the First World War it was one of the most conservative groups within the League of German Women's Associations. It participated in the Rhenish Women's League an organisation setup to protest against the use of African soldiers by the French Army in the occupation of the Rhineland. Association of German Housewives The Association of German Housewives was founded in Berlin in 1873 by Linda Morgenstern. Aside from acting as a lobbying group for housewives it published a magazine ""Deutscher Hausfrauenzeitung"" which Morgenstern edited. Alongside offering practical advice,"
"the Weimar Republic caused great hardship. At the centres in Nuremberg and then Berlin, she organised aid for the population, especially children. The provision of food to the impoverished and starving was known as the """" – the Quaker feeding – and it so endeared the Quakers to the German people that it enabled them to aid refugees during the Nazi era. In 1929, she became an Administrative Secretary of the Germany and Holland Committee in the Quaker headquarters in London, responsible for the relief operations in Germany and Holland. In 1933, she took charge of the newly-formed German Emergency"
"which was headquartered in Berlin. She worked as a red cross matron in various locations including Berlin, Halle, Essen, Wiesbaden, Metz and Strasbourg. It was in Strasbourg that she was captured by the Americans early in 1945, becoming briefly a prisoner of war. After she was released she was working as a nurse in the Dresden quarter of Radebeul where she had found a refuge of sorts during the devastating air attacks of February and March on the city centre. In May 1946 Erna von Abenroth took over the leadership of the which was now reconstructed at the organisation's site"
"Richard Jebb (journalist) Richard Jebb (1874–25 June 1953) was an English journalist and author in the field of Empire and colonial nationalism. He was the nephew of the classical scholar and politician, Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb. He went to school at Marlborough College followed by New College, Oxford. During the First World War, Jebb was a captain in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, spending most of the war in England, serving as an instructor. Of Jebb's sisters, Louisa Wilkins established the forerunner of the Women's Land Army during the first world war, and Eglantyne Jebb and Dorothy Buxton co-founded the"
"constituted in London, but its actually envisaged German counterpart never materialised. So Bishop George Bell gained his sister-in-law Laura Livingstone to run an office for the international relief commission in Berlin. The failure of the ""Confessing Church"" was evident, even though 70–80% of the Christian Germans of Jewish descent were Protestants. It was Grüber and some enthusiasts, who had started a new effort in 1936. They forced the ""Confessing Church's"" hand, which in 1938 supported the new organisation, named by the Gestapo , but after its official recognition ""Relief Centre for Protestant Non-Aryans"". Collaborators of the Bureau Grüber gave pastoral"
"on behalf of the Save the Children Fund about the dire condition of children's health in Austria during that country's famine years and proposed cheap dietary solutions to rectify the deficiencies. She organised a scheme to buy cows from the Netherlands and Switzerland and fodder from Croatia and Czechoslovakia in order to produce much needed milk for children. During a visit to Hungary with Dr Hector Munro and Mr Buxton in August 1919, they sent a telegram to the Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs in London, seeking urgent medical supplies for the hospitals of Budapest. During the 1920s Hilda was an"
"the association were able to get hold of another fifteen canteen to use for the city-wide relief programme. This also meant administering the distribution of meals, bread and milk. During the period of the war approximately nine million meals were provided. In 1919 Hoffmann acquired the ""good middle-class"" eating establishment at Katharinenstraße 13 as her own project after she had failed to persuade other league members to back the purchase of a substantial building of this nature in the prosperous heart of the city. Subsequent developments endorsed her judgement. The Katharinenstraße house was well frequented and broadened the activities of"
"leaving Berlin and finding her way to London. Relatively little is known of her activities during the decade that followed. She was a leading member of a refugee organisation founded in 1939, the , associated with that organisation's ""Social Advisory Centre"". She later also served as political secretary to the British Council for German Democracy. She was able to return to Berlin only in 1947, settling in the eastern part of the city, which since May 1945 had been administered as part of the Soviet occupation zone. Very soon she joined the Socialist Unity Party (""""Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands,"""" / SED),"
"Home Arts and Industries Association The Home Arts and Industries Association was part of the Arts and Crafts Movement in Britain. It was founded in 1884 by Eglantyne Louisa Jebb, mother of Save the Children founder, Eglantyne Jebb. The initial name, changed in 1885, was the ""Cottage Arts Association"". Jebb was inspired by an initiative of Charles Godfrey Leland in Philadelphia. Another leading member was the designer Mary Fraser Tytler. The organisation sought to revive traditional rural crafts which were threatened by the mechanisation of production and by increasing urbanization. In conformity with the thinking of John Ruskin and with"
"a restaurant which gave work opportunities for refugees in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the end of World War II, she started to raise funds for starving and shelterless women and children in need in Germany through the organisations CARE International (Co-operative for American Relief in Europe) and CRALOG (Council of Relief Agencies Licensed for Operation in Germany). Sizable funds were collected from Americans and especially from German Americans, who accounted for >25% of the American population. She undertook a final lecture tour in Europe on behalf of the ""Save the Children Fund"". Elsa Brändström could not undertake her last planned journey"
"The Quaker Edith Pye established the national Famine Relief Committee in May 1942, encouraging the setting up of a network of local famine relief committees, among the most energetic of which was the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. This would evolved to become the charity Oxfam. Initially, Quakers had no ordained clergy, and thus needed no seminaries for theological training. In England, Quaker schools sprang up, with Friends School Saffron Walden being the most prominent. Later in America they founded William Penn Charter School (1689), Wilmington Friends School (1748), Moorestown Friends School (1785), Westtown School (1799), Germantown Friends School (1845),"
"was published in 1873. On her return from the Crimea she continued with her philanthropic work, establishing savings clubs, an industrial laundry and creating employment for soldiers' wives in the production of army uniforms. In 1861, during the ""cotton famine"" in Lancashire caused by the American Civil War, she assisted Elizabeth Gaskell to distribute aid to the unemployed cotton workers. In 1870 she became a founding member of the Ladies' Committee of the British Red Cross. She died in 1879 at the age of 66. She is buried in Alderley, Cheshire. Mary Stanley Mary Stanley (1813–1879) philanthropist and nurse, is"
"married the Labour MP Charles Roden Buxton, campaigned against the demonisation of the German people after the war. She also served a faculty member at Wellesley College in 1929, teaching courses in English literature. She was known as the ""White Flame"" because the flame of her dedicated love for children in distress burned to a white heat of passion all her life. Having studied history at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, Jebb trained to become a school teacher, but a year's experience as a Primary School teacher, at St. Peter's Junior School in Marlborough, convinced her that this was not her"
"Germany, to promote Scouting. By mid-1914, the organization had 6,200 members. In 1915 the organization launched the ""Kriegsgarten"" ""war gardens"", in which children were taught horticulture and were fed. In February 1912, Bayer, Alexander Lion, and Carl Freiherr von Seckendorff assisted Elise von Hopffgarten in authoring ""Pfadfinderbuch für junge Mädchen"" (A Scout Book for Girls). In its effort to make young women more independent, it was free from patriotic or religious sentiment, and contained references to the women's movement. Elise von Hopffgarten Elise Hermine von Hopffgarten, née Hennoch (January 29, 1869 in Altenburg-after 1937) was a German author and founder"
"Africa again in 1913 for the inauguration of the National Women's Monument in Bloemfontein but had to stop at Beaufort West due to her failing health. Hobhouse was an avid opponent of the First World War and protested vigorously against it. She organised the writing, signing and publishing in January 1915 of the ""Open Christmas Letter"", addressed ""To the Women of Germany and Austria"". Through her offices, thousands of women and children were fed daily for more than a year in central Europe after this war. South Africa contributed liberally towards this effort, and an amount of more than £17,000"
"and wounded must not become a stream to divide what present need and future hope unite"". In response to the letters from Germany, Emily Hobhouse organised the writing and signing of a peace-promoting letter from British women: the Open Christmas Letter. In the 1900s, Hobhouse campaigned against and worked to change the appalling conditions inside the British concentration camps in South Africa built for Boer women and children during the Second Boer War. She saw in the German letters the opportunity for maintaining vital international relations among women who could help mitigate the damage that war would bring. She wrote"
"covered by the German health care Müttergenesungswerk The Müttergenesungswerk (MGW), full name ""Elly Heuss-Knapp-Stiftung, Deutsches Müttergenesungswerk"", is a charitable organisation founded in 1950 by Elly Heuss-Knapp (1881-1952), then First Lady of Germany as wife of Theodor Heuss. It aims to promote the interests and well-being of mothers by measures of prevention and rehabilitation. The seat of the organisation is in Berlin, and the incumbent First Lady is always its patron, since 2017 Elke Büdenbender. The foundation offers numerous social facilities for mother-and-child health cures and counselling centres, run by supporting organisations like the German Red Cross, Diakonie and Caritas. The"
"Welthungerhilfe Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e. V. – or Welthungerhilfe (German for World Hunger Aid) for short – is a German non-denominational and politically independent non-profit and non-governmental aid agency working in the fields of development cooperation and emergency aid. Since its founding in 1962, it has used 3.27 billion euros to carry out more than 8,500 aid projects in 70 countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia.Welthungerhilfe holds the Seal of Approval awarded by Deutsches Zentralinstitut für Soziale Fragen (DZI). In 2014, Welthungerhilfe and the aid organization World Vision International were announced the most transparent German organizations. In 2012, Welthungerhilfe celebrated"
"of the 1920s, as well as the Nazi regime and other devastation by 1945, seriously undermined and weakened the opportunities for widespread philanthropy in Germany. The civil society so elaborately build up in the 19th century was practically dead by 1945. However, by the 1950s, as the ""economic miracle"" was restoring German prosperity, the old aristocracy was defunct, and middle-class philanthropy started to return to importance. The Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) was an international (predominantly American) organization that arranged for the supply of food to German-occupied Belgium and northern France during the First World War. It was led"
"its German counterpart never materialised. So Bishop George Bell got his sister-in-law Laura Livingstone to run an office for the international relief commission in Berlin. The failure of the ""Confessing Church"" was evident, even though 70–80% of the Christian Germans of Jewish descent were Protestants. It was Grüber and some enthusiasts who started a new effort in 1936. They forced the ""Confessing Church's"" hand, which in 1938 supported the new organisation, named by the Gestapo ""Bureau Grüber"" (), but after its official recognition ""Relief Centre for Evangelical Non-Aryans"". During the night of 9 November 1938 the Nazi government organised the"
"Cauer about the London-based International Abolitionist Federation (IAF). The IAF had been founded by Josephine Butler in England, who chose the term ""abolitionism"" to refer to freeing prostitutes from forced registration and testing for venereal diseases. Pappritz immediately became involved in the campaign for abolition of regulation of prostitution. In 1899 Pappritz met Butler in person at the International Women's Congress in London. That year she founded and became chairperson of the Berlin branch of the IAF. Anna Pappritz and Katharina Scheven became the two most influential leaders of the German branch of the IAF (""Deutzcher Zweig IAF"", DZIAF). From"
"had initially been forbidden to send food, but in early 1946 the Council of Relief Agencies Licensed to Operate in Germany was founded. The prohibition against sending CARE Packages to individuals in Germany was rescinded on 5 June 1946. After the German surrender, the International Red Cross was prohibited from providing aid such as food or visiting POW camps for Germans inside Germany. However, after making approaches to the Allies in the autumn of 1945 it was allowed to investigate the camps in the UK and French occupation zones of Germany, as well as to provide relief to the prisoners"
"in Poland, including at the Imperial War Museum, National Army Museum, Special Forces Club and Warsaw Uprising Museum. Clare Mulley lives in Essex, England, with her family. In 1999, while working for Save the Children, Mulley was introduced to the life of Victorian-era British social reformer Eglantyne Jebb. Her biography, ""The Woman Who Saved the Children: A Biography of Eglantyne Jebb"" (Oneworld, 2009) won the ""Daily Mail"" Biographers' Club Prize. Jebb was an unlikely children's champion; she privately confessed that she was not fond of children, once referring to them as ""the little wretches"" and laughing that ""the dreadful idea"
"two daughters, busied herself in communal welfare, dedicating herself to needy women's and children's welfare. After that, she worked in the Workers' Welfare organization (""Arbeiterwohlfahrt""; AWO), which she founded together with Marie Juchacz in 1919. Her special concern here was children who were underfed as a result of the war and the widespread inflation that struck Germany later. Many of these children suffered from damaged health and stunted growth. They had had their childhood taken away from them by events over which they had no control. Kirchner took many of these children to Switzerland for their health. During the ""Ruhrkampf"","
"sent food parcels and clothing to internees, founded addresses where Jews could hide and worked with the priests Bernhard Lichtenberg and Alfred Delp. Before the transportation of Jews to concentration camps began, many of them were sent to work long hours in factories. However, Jews were only allowed to go to the shops between four and six in the afternoon. This meant that buying food became difficult. Gertrud organised some of her women friends to do the shopping for these Jewish families. Following the outbreak of World War II, Luckner organized, with the support of Archbishop Conrad Gröber of Freiburg,"