Ketevan 'Katie' Melua was bom in 1984 in which Soviet Socialist Republic, now an independent country?
"of the United Kingdom album charts and sold 1.8 million copies in its first five months of release. Her second album, ""Piece by Piece"", was released in September 2005 and has gone platinum (one million units sold) four times. Melua released her third studio album ""Pictures"" in October 2007. According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2008, Melua had a fortune of £18 million, making her the seventh richest British musician under thirty. Ketevan Melua, known as Ketino to her family, was born on 16 September 1984 to Amiran and Tamara Melua in Kutaisi, Georgia, which was then part of"
"Petkov Misirkov. The new republic became one of the six republics of the Yugoslav federation. Following the federation's renaming as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963, the People's Republic of Macedonia was likewise renamed the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. During the civil war in Greece (1946–1949), Macedonian communist insurgents supported the Greek communists. Many refugees fled to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia from there. The state dropped ""Socialist"" from its name in 1991 when it peacefully seceded from Yugoslavia. The country officially celebrates 8 September 1991 as Independence day (, ""Den na nezavisnosta""), with regard to the referendum"
"as movements for democratization and self-government gained strength during 1990 and 1991. The Soviet coup d'état attempt in August 1991 began the breakup of the USSR, which formally ended on December 26, 1991. The Republics of the Soviet Union become sovereign states – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelorussia (later Belarus), Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Historian Robert Daniels says, ""A special dimension that the anti-Communist revolutions shared with some of their predecessors was decolonisation."" Moscow's policy had long been to settle ethnic Russians in the non-Russian republics. After independence, minority rights for Russian-speakers has"
"Autonomous Republic of Crimea The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (, ""Avtonomna Respublika Krym""; , ""Avtonomnaya Respublika Krym""; , ""Къырым Мухтар Джумхуриети"", ""Ҡырым Мухтар Җумхуриети;"" Romanian: ""Republica Autonomă Crimeea""), an autonomous republic of Russia encompassing most of Crimea, was annexed by the Russian Federation in 2014. Crimea had previously been under Russian control from 1783 until 1954 when it was transferred, within the USSR, from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. Later, following a referendum on 20 January 1991, it was upgraded to the status of an autonomous republic within the Ukrainian SSR. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991"
"Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1991 in northern Central Asia. It was created on 5 December 1936 from the Kazakh ASSR, an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR. At in area, it was the second-largest republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata (today known as Almaty). Today it is the independent nation of Kazakhstan. During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic, it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR. On 25 October 1990,"
"as well as various civilian organizations in order to exchange knowledge in areas such as emergency management and disaster response, border and port security, economic security, peacekeeping operations and counter terrorism. Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on August 23, 1990, having previously been the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the constituent republics of the USSR since 1936, and part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic since 1920. In the wake of the August Coup (1991), a referendum was held on the question of secession. Following an overwhelming vote in favor, full independence was declared on"
"state of Kosovo in 2008. Czechoslovakia dissolved three years after the end of Communist rule, splitting peacefully into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1992. The impact of these events made itself felt in several Socialist countries. Communism was abandoned in countries such as Cambodia (1991), Ethiopia (1990), Mongolia (which in 1990 democratically re-elected a Communist government that ran the country until 1996) and South Yemen (1990). During the adoption of varying forms of market economy, there was a general decline in living standards for many former Communist countries. Political reforms were varied, but in only four countries were Communist"
"Socialist Republic of Macedonia The Socialist Republic of Macedonia () was one of the six constituent countries of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and a socialist nation state of the Macedonians. After the transition of the political system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia in 1991, and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared itself an independent country on September 8, 1991. Geographically SR Macedonia bordered Albania to the west, Greece to the south and Bulgaria to the east. Within Yugoslavia it bordered Serbia (and SAP Kosovo)"
"along with Russia and Ukraine, of the Belavezha Accords, which replaced the Soviet Union with the Commonwealth of Independent States. Belarus received independence on 25 December 1991. A day later the Soviet Union ceased to exist. However, the Constitution (Fundamental Law) of the Republic of Belarus of 1978, was retained after independence. Byelorussia was a one-party socialist republic, governed by the Communist Party of Byelorussia, a branch within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU/KPSS). Like all other Soviet republics, it was one of the 15 constituent republics composing the Soviet Union from its entry into the union in"
"Katanga's declaration of independence by Moise Tshombe in July 1960, the attempted secession of Biafra from Nigeria in 1967, the Bangladeshi declaration of independence from Pakistan in 1970, the (internationally unrecognized) secession of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus from Cyprus in 1983, the Palestinian Declaration of Independence from the Palestinian territories in 1988, and that of the Republic of Kosovo in 2008. During the break up of the Soviet Union throughout 1991, many of its republics declared their independence unilaterally without agreement and were thus not recognised as legitimate by the Soviet central government. During the breakup of Yugoslavia,"
"allow an SSR to secede. In 1990, after free elections, the Lithuanian SSR declared independence and other SSRs soon followed. Despite the Soviet central-government's refusal to recognize the independence of the republics, the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. In 1910, following the British Empire's defeat of the Afrikaners in the Boer Wars, four self-governing colonies in the south of Africa were merged into the Union of South Africa. The four regions were the Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Natal and Transvaal. Three other territories, High Commission Territories of Bechuanaland (now Botswana), Basutoland (now Lesotho) and Swaziland later became independent states"
"coup attempt. Latvia, as well as Lithuania and Estonia de facto ceased to be parts of the USSR four months before the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist (26 December 1991). Soon, on 6 September, the independence of three Baltic states was recognized by the USSR. Today's Republic of Latvia and other Baltic states consider themselves to be the legal continuation of the sovereign states whose first independent existence dates back to 1918–1940, and does not accept any legal connection with the former Latvian SSR which had been occupied and annexed into USSR 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. Since independence, the Communist"
"of the Russian Empire from 1783 to 1917, after which it enjoyed a few years of autonomy until it was made part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (which was a part of the Soviet Union) from 1921 to 1954 and then transferred to Soviet Ukraine (which also was a part of the Soviet Union) in 1954. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Crimea still remained part of Ukraine until February 2014. Russia declared Crimea to be part of the Russian Federation in March 2014, and effective administration commenced. The Russian regional status is not currently recognised by"
"Soviet Union itself was dismantled on December 26, 1991. After the fall of the Soviet Union and communist rule in Eastern Europe, East Germany (now unified with Germany) automatically joined the European Union (then the European Community) in 1990. The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined the EU in 2004, followed by Bulgaria and Romania in 2007 and Croatia in 2013. To date, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany (former GDR), Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia are now members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. All four Central European states are"
"Post-Soviet states The post-Soviet states, also collectively known as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or former Soviet Republics, and in Russian as the ""near abroad"" (discussed below) are the states that emerged and re-emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991, with Russia internationally recognised as the successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War. The three Baltic states were the first to declare their independence, between March and May 1990, claiming continuity from the original states that existed prior to their annexation by the Soviet Union in 1940. The remaining 12 republics"
"completed. The policy of economic reform introduced as Perestroika by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev led to a situation in the late 1980s in which many Soviet republics, including Latvia, were able to regain their liberty and freedom (see Latvia). Latvia declared its full ""de facto"" independence on 21 August 1991 and that independence was recognized by Russia on 6 September 1991. In Riga, Soviet street names and monuments were removed. Lenin Prospect once again became Brīvības (Freedom) Boulevard, and the Oškalns train station, named after a prominent Latvian communist became Zemitani. The Lenin statue that stood alongside the Freedom monument"
"the above concerns confronting the views of Yugoslavia during the 1980s and until the Revolutions of 1989. In 1963 the People's Republic of Macedonia was renamed the ""Socialist Republic of Macedonia"" when the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It dropped the ""Socialist"" from its name a few months before declaring independence from Yugoslavia in September 1991. Strong Greek opposition delayed the newly independent republic's accession to the United Nations and its recognition by the European Community (EC). Although the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia declared that the"
"the year while the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) regained their independence in September 1991. The rest of the Soviet Union, which constituted the bulk of the area, became the Russian Federation in December 1991. Albania and Yugoslavia abandoned Communism between 1990 and 1992. By 1992, Yugoslavia had split into five successor states, namely Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was later renamed Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and eventually split in 2006 into two states, namely Serbia and Montenegro. Serbia was then further split with the breakaway of the partially recognised"
"Kazakhstan"" (2008), "" Kuwait ""(1963), ""Kyrgyzstan ""(1997),"" Lesotho (1974), Liberia (1953), Libya (1957), Madagascar (1964), Malawi ""(1965),"" Mali ""(1973),"" Malta ""(1966),"" Mauritania ""(1986),"" Mauritius ""(1969),"" Mexico ""(1954),"" Monaco ""(1954),"" Mongolia ""(1968),"" Montenegro"" (2006),"" Morocco ""(1959),"" Myanmar ""(1957),"" Nepal ""(1963),"" Netherlands ""(1955),"" New Zealand ""(1953),"" Nicaragua ""(1986),"" Niger ""(1964),"" Nigeria ""(1961),"" Norway ""(1957),"" Pakistan ""(1955), ""Paraguay ""(2007),"" Papua New Guinea ""(1982),"" Philippines ""(1955),"" Romania ""(1957),"" Russia ""(1956), as the Soviet Union),"" St Lucia ""(1990),"" St Vincent and the Grenadines ""(1981),"" Saudi Arabia ""(1973),"" Serbia ""(2001, as Serbia and Montenegro),"" Sierra Leone (1962), Solomon Islands ""(1981),"" South Africa ""(1953),"" Spain ""(1927),"" Sri"
"in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian Genocide. In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and in 1922 became a founding member of the Soviet Union. In 1936, the Transcaucasian state was dissolved, transforming its constituent states, including the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, into full Union republics. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet"
"the Soviet Union sought greater autonomy. The Soviet Union agreed in early 1990 to give up its monopoly of political power. Following the lead of Lithuanian SSR, Russian SFSR and others, Kazakh SSR declared its sovereignty on 25 October 1990, and Kazakhstan subsequently became independent on 16 December 1991 as the Soviet Union collapsed. 16 December is now commemorated as Republic Day (), a public holiday in Kazakhstan. 18 December 1958 is commemorated in the Republic of Niger as Republic Day, the national holiday. Although not the date of formal independence from France, 18 December marks the founding of the"
"Béla Kun. Crimea became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1921 as the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which became part of the Soviet Union in 1922. The Artek youth camp was created in 1925. During the Second World War the peninsula was invaded by Nazi Germany and Romanian troops in summer 1941 across the Isthmus of Perekop. Following the capture of Sevastopol on 4 July 1942, Crimea was occupied until German and Romanian forces were expelled in an offensive by Soviet forces ending in May 1944. The Nazis murdered around 40,000 Crimean Jews. On 25 June"
"Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; ), abbreviated as Buryat ASSR (; ), was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. In 1923, the republic was created with the name Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; its predecessor was the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast. In 1958, the name ""Mongol"" was removed from the name of the republic. The Buryat ASSR declared its sovereignty in 1990 and adopted the name Republic of Buryatia in 1992. However, it remained an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation. In the 1930s, Buryat-Mongolia was one"
"of the Russian Empire since the early 19th century, declared itself an independent Democratic Republic on 26 May 1918, after a brief and loose federative union with the fellow South Caucasian countries of Armenia and Azerbaijan. In February–March 1921 the Democratic Republic of Georgia fell to the invading Soviet Russian army and the country became a Soviet Socialist Republic, joining the Soviet Union in 1922. Georgia seceded from the Soviet Union, adopting the Act of Reestablishment of Independence on 9 April 1991, on the second anniversary of the Soviet military crackdown on a large pro-independence rally in Georgia's capital of"
"renamed to the Karelian Soviet Socialist Republic (; ). The Karelian SSR was renamed to the Republic of Karelia on November 13, 1991 and remains a federal subject of Russia. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; ), or, in short, the Karelian ASSR (; ), sometimes referred to as Soviet Karelia or simply Karelia was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, with the capital in Petrozavodsk. The Karelian ASSR was formed as a part of the Russian SFSR by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK)"
"for alleged collaboration with the Nazi occupation regime; in 1945, the region was stripped of its autonomy status. In 1954, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet transferred the region from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, another constituent republic of the USSR, then a highly centralised state, wherein borders between constituent republics was a technical issue of administration, despite the fact that Ukraine was a separate member of the UN. The Crimean Tatars were allowed to return to Crimea in the mid-1980s under perestroika. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Crimea became"
"Mordovian ASSR adopted the Declaration on the legal status of the Republic of Mordovia, which changed the status of the republic from ASSR to an SSR. In 1990, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the republic became the Republic of Mordovia. In its present form, the republic has existed since January 25, 1994. Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (, ""Mordovskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika""; , ""Mordovskjaj Avtonomnaj Sovetskjaj Socialističeskjaj Respublikaś""; , ""Mordovskoj Avtonomnoj Sovetskoj Socialističeskoj Respublikaś"") was an autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR within Soviet Union now known as the Republic"
"Independent State of Croatia The Independent State of Croatia (; ; ) was a World War II fascist puppet state of Germany and Italy. It was established in parts of occupied Yugoslavia on 10 April 1941, after the invasion by the Axis powers. Its territory consisted of most of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as some parts of modern-day Serbia and Slovenia, but also excluded many Croat-populated areas in Dalmatia (until late 1943), Istria, and Međimurje regions (which today are part of Croatia). During its entire existence, the NDH was governed as a one-party state by the"
"Socialist Republic became one of the last to the Soviet Socialist Republic on the former Soviet Union, proclaimed the state sovereignty. In 2018, the government of Turkmenistan voted to move the date from October 27 to September 27. On the Independence Day of Turkmenistan through all Central Asian republic pass mass festivities. Already there was a tradition, on the eve of a holiday to award outstanding citizens of Turkmenistan — cultural figures, art, sports, policy. Quite often ""festive amnesties"" to the people who once have violated the law (generally on unintentional and to not serious crimes, and also women and"
"Soviet Union in 1990 before the breakup of the nation into its current individual parts, including Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus and other relatively new countries. This was followed up in the early 90s by distribution in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and other former Eastern bloc nations. Since then distribution has spread into other Eastern European regions and former USSR countries, followed by success in China, Mongolia, and Francophone Africa, where it has representatives in Mali, Benin, Togo, Cameroon and Congo (RDC), and the Middle East. Additional results have been in Cuba, Nepal, and Nigeria. New in 2013 are the countries of"
"under government control. Lazare Indjeyans ""Les Années volées"" and Armand Maloumians ""Les Fils du Goulag"" are two repatriate narratives about being incarcerated and eventual escape from gulags. Many other repatriate narratives explore family memories of the genocide and the decision to resettle in the Soviet Union. Some writers compare the 1949 Soviet deportations to Central Asia and Siberia with earlier Ottoman deportations. Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Armenia (; , ; ; ""Armeniya""), officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR; ; ), also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in"
"A nominally independent and sovereign country, it has been described as being a satellite state of the Soviet Union in the years from 1924 until 1990. During the Russian Civil War, the Soviet Red Army troops took Tuva in January 1920, which had also been part of the Qing Empire of China and a protectorate of Imperial Russia. The Tuvan People's Republic, was proclaimed independent in 1921 and was a satellite state of Soviet Union until its annexation in 1944 by the Soviet Union. Another early Soviet satellite state in Asia was the short-lived Far East Republic in Siberia. At"
"known as the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova. From 23 May 1991 until the declaration of independence on 27 August 1991, it was renamed the Republic of Moldova whilst remaining a constituent republic of the USSR. Its independence was recognized on December 26th of that year when the USSR dissolved. Geographically, the Moldavian SSR was bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. After the failure of the Tatarbunar Uprising, the Soviets set up an autonomous Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian ASSR) on October 12, 1924 within the Ukrainian SSR on part of"