Which chemical elements name drives from the Greek word for stone?
"stars. Lithium, beryllium and boron are rare because although they are produced by nuclear fusion, they are then destroyed by other reactions in the stars. The elements from carbon to iron are relatively more common in the universe because of the ease of making them in supernova nucleosynthesis. Elements of higher atomic number than iron (element 26) become progressively more rare in the universe, because they increasingly absorb stellar energy in being produced. Elements with even atomic numbers are generally more common than their neighbors in the periodic table, also due to favorable energetics of formation. The abundance of elements"
"the mineral fluorospar, which was used as a flux in metal working. Chlorine's name comes from the Greek word ""chloros"", meaning ""greenish-yellow"". Bromine's name comes from the Greek word ""bromos"", meaning ""stench"". Iodine's name comes from the Greek word ""iodes"", meaning ""violet"". Astatine's name comes from the Greek word ""astatos"", meaning ""unstable"". Tennessine is named after the US state of Tennessee. The halogens show trends in chemical bond energy moving from top to bottom of the periodic table column with fluorine deviating slightly. (It follows trend in having the highest bond energy in compounds with other atoms, but it has"
"name derives from Latin ""calx"" ""lime"", which was obtained from heating limestone. Some calcium compounds were known to the ancients, though their chemistry was unknown until the seventeenth century. Pure calcium was isolated in 1808 via electrolysis of its oxide by Humphry Davy, who named the element. Calcium compounds are widely used in many industries: in foods and pharmaceuticals for calcium supplementation, in the paper industry as bleaches, as components in cement and electrical insulators, and in the manufacture of soaps. On the other hand, the metal in pure form has few applications due to its high reactivity; still, in"
"of vitriol"" (sulfuric acid), and ""cream of tartar"" (potassium bitartrate) borrowed their language from the kitchen. Many more names were based on color; for example, hematite, orpiment, and verdigris come from words meaning ""blood-like stone"", ""gold pigment"", and ""green of Greece"". Some names are based on their use. Lime is a general name for materials combining calcium with carbonates, oxides or hydroxides; the name comes from a root ""sticking or adhering""; its earliest use was as mortar for construction. Water has several systematic names, including ""oxidane"" (the IUPAC name), ""hydrogen oxide"", and ""dihydrogen monoxide"" (DHMO). The latter was the basis"
"element carbon. Even for elements such as nitrogen having only one stable allotrope, a name such as dinitrogen may be used to indicate its molecular structure N as well as its elemental composition. The naming of chemical compounds comprising more than one element is a complex subject, discussed at length in the article on chemical nomenclature. Naming of chemical elements Chemical elements may be named from various sources: sometimes based on the person who discovered it, or the place it was discovered. Some have Latin or Greek roots deriving from something related to the element, for example some use to"
"""water-silver"" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) — since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal. Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name. The heaviest known group 12 element, copernicium, was first created on February 9, 1996, at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by Sigurd Hofmann, Victor Ninov et al."
"places. The naming of elements from astronomical objects stems from the ancient association of metals with the various planets and their gods, as follows: mercury with the fast-moving planet Mercury; copper with the brilliant, beautiful planet Venus; iron with Mars (named for the Roman god of war); tin with Jupiter (named for the Roman king of the gods); and lead with the slow-moving planet Saturn (named for the ancient, slow god who was the father of Jupiter). The Sun and the Moon were associated with gold and silver, respectively. A few other elements are directly named for astronomical bodies, including"
"made of other particles) and composite particles having substructure (particles made of other particles). Classical element Classical elements typically refer to the concepts in ancient Greece of earth, water, air, fire, and aether, which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances. Ancient cultures in Babylonia, Japan, Tibet, and India had similar lists, sometimes referring in local languages to ""air"" as ""wind"" and the fifth element as ""void"". The Chinese Wu Xing system lists Wood (木 ""mù""), Fire (火 ""huǒ""), Earth (土 ""tǔ""), Metal (金 ""jīn""), and Water (水 ""shuǐ""), though these"
"or under water and further protects the hardened material from chemical attack. The chemical process for hydraulic cement found by ancient Romans used volcanic ash (pozzolana) with added lime (calcium oxide). The word ""cement"" can be traced back to the Roman term ""opus caementicium"", used to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick supplements that were added to the burnt lime, to obtain a hydraulic binder, were later referred to as ""cementum"", ""cimentum"", ""cäment"", and ""cement"". In modern times, organic polymers are sometimes used as"
"""tungsten"" (from the Swedish ""tung sten"", ""heavy stone"") is used in English, French, and many other languages as the name of the element, but not in the Nordic countries. ""Tungsten"" was the old Swedish name for the mineral scheelite. ""Wolfram"" (or ""volfram"") is used in most European (especially Germanic and Slavic) languages and is derived from the mineral wolframite, which is the origin of the chemical symbol W. The name ""wolframite"" is derived from German """"wolf rahm"""" (""wolf soot"" or ""wolf cream""), the name given to tungsten by Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747. This, in turn, derives from """"lupi spuma"""","
"for example, hydrogen (""water-producing""), oxygen (""acid-producing""), nitrogen (""soda-producing""), bromine (""stink""), and argon (""no reaction"") were based on Greek roots, while the names of iodine and chlorine were derived from the Greek words for their characteristic colors. Indium, rubidium, and thallium were similarly named for the colors of particular lines in their emission spectra. Iridium, which forms compounds of many different colors, takes its name from ""iris"", the Latin for ""rainbow"". The noble gases have all been named for their origin or properties. Helium comes from the Greek ""helios"", meaning ""sun"" because it was first detected as a line in the"
"without water, however, usually as the result of volcanic activity. Clay-sized hematite crystals can also occur as a secondary mineral formed by weathering processes in soil, and along with other iron oxides or oxyhydroxides such as goethite, is responsible for the red color of many tropical, ancient, or otherwise highly weathered soils. The name hematite is derived from the Greek word for blood αἷμα ""haima,"" due to the red coloration found in some varieties of hematite. The color of hematite lends itself to use as a pigment. The English name of the stone is derived from Middle French: Hématite Pierre,"
"with alpha particles. In 1811, the German chemist Johann Schweigger proposed that the name ""halogen"" – meaning ""salt producer"", from αλς [als] ""salt"" and γενειν [genein] ""to beget"" – replace the name ""chlorine"", which had been proposed by the English chemist Humphry Davy. Davy's name for the element prevailed. However, in 1826, the Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius proposed the term ""halogen"" for the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, which produce a sea-salt-like substance when they form a compound with an alkaline metal. Fluorine's name comes from the Latin word ""fluere"", meaning ""to flow"", because it was derived from"
"can regarded as a portmanteau of ""borax"" and ""carbon"". Aluminium was named by Humphry Davy in the early 1800s. It is derived from the Greek word ""alumen"", meaning bitter salt, or the Latin ""alum"", the mineral. Gallium is derived from the Latin ""Gallia"", referring to France, the place of its discovery. Indium comes from the Latin word ""indicum"", meaning indigo dye, and refers to the element's prominent indigo spectroscopic line. Thallium, like indium, is named after the Greek word for the color of its spectroscopic line: ""thallos"", meaning a green twig or shoot. ""Nihonium"" is named after Japan (""Nihon"" in"
"with acetic anhydride yields acetylferrocene just as acylation of benzene yields acetophenone under similar conditions. Iron-centered organometallic species are used as catalysts. The Knölker complex, for example, is a transfer hydrogenation catalyst for ketones. As iron has been in use for such a long time, it has many different names in different languages. The source of its chemical symbol ""Fe"" is the Latin word ""ferrum"", and its descendants are the names of the element in the Romance languages (for example, French ""fer"", Spanish ""hierro"", and Italian and Portuguese ""ferro""). The word ""ferrum"" itself possibly comes from the Semitic languages, via"
"elements tantalum and niobium are always found together in nature, and have been named after the King Tantalus and his daughter Niobe. The element promethium also draws its name from Greek mythology, as does titanium, which was named after the titans who in mythology were locked away far underground, which reflected the difficulty of extracting titanium from ore. The U.S. Apollo Space Program to take astronauts to the moon, was named after Apollo, based the god's ability as an archer to hit his target and being the god of light and knowledge. Oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau named his research ship, a"
"(i.e. unchangeable) fifth element called ""aether"". Aether also has the name ""quintessence"", meaning, literally, ""fifth being"". Aristotle considered heavy substances such as iron and other metals to consist primarily of the element earth, with a smaller amount of the other three terrestrial elements. Other, lighter objects, he believed, have less earth, relative to the other three elements in their composition. The four classical elements were not invented by Aristotle; they were originated by Empedocles. During the Scientific Revolution, the ancient theory of classical elements was found to be incorrect, and was replaced by the empirically tested concept of chemical elements."
"Classical element Classical elements typically refer to the concepts in ancient Greece of earth, water, air, fire, and aether, which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances. Ancient cultures in Babylonia, Japan, Tibet, and India had similar lists, sometimes referring in local languages to ""air"" as ""wind"" and the fifth element as ""void"". The Chinese Wu Xing system lists Wood (木 ""mù""), Fire (火 ""huǒ""), Earth (土 ""tǔ""), Metal (金 ""jīn""), and Water (水 ""shuǐ""), though these are described more as energies or transitions rather than as types of material. These"
"plants, the calcium in mollusc shells, or the iron in the hemoglobin in vertebrate animals' red blood cells. The concept of an ""element"" as an undivisible substance has developed through three major historical phases: Classical definitions (such as those of the ancient Greeks), chemical definitions, and atomic definitions. Ancient philosophy posited a set of classical elements to explain observed patterns in nature. These ""elements"" originally referred to ""earth"", ""water"", ""air"" and ""fire"" rather than the chemical elements of modern science. The term 'elements' (""stoicheia"") was first used by the Greek philosopher Plato in about 360 BCE in his dialogue Timaeus,"
"alkaline material the name """"lithion""/""lithina"""", from the Greek word ""λιθoς"" (transliterated as ""lithos"", meaning ""stone""), to reflect its discovery in a solid mineral, as opposed to potassium, which had been discovered in plant ashes, and sodium, which was known partly for its high abundance in animal blood. He named the metal inside the material ""lithium"". Arfwedson later showed that this same element was present in the minerals spodumene and lepidolite. In 1818, Christian Gmelin was the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color to flame. However, both Arfwedson and Gmelin tried and failed to isolate the"
"trivial, some originating in alchemy. IUPAC has accepted these names, but has also defined systematic names of elements that have not yet been prepared. It has adopted a procedure by which the scientists who are credited with preparing an element can propose a new name. Once the IUPAC has accepted such a (trivial) name, it replaces the systematic name. Nine elements were known by the Middle Ages – gold, silver, tin, mercury, copper, lead, iron, sulfur, and carbon. Mercury was named after the planet, but its symbol was derived from the Latin ""hydrargyrum"", which itself comes from the greek ""υδράργυρος"","
"Naming of chemical elements Chemical elements may be named from various sources: sometimes based on the person who discovered it, or the place it was discovered. Some have Latin or Greek roots deriving from something related to the element, for example some use to which it may have been put. All 118 discovered elements are confirmed and have a formal name and symbol, as decided by IUPAC. The last four names and symbols were added on November 28, 2016. Incidentally, at this moment there are no unconfirmed discoveries and all seven periods (rows) of the periodic table are completed. Element"
"the discoverers' suggestions; a letter from Corson, MacKenzie, and Segrè suggested the name ""astatine"" coming from the Greek ""astatos"" (αστατος) meaning ""unstable"", because of its propensity for radioactive decay, with the ending ""-ine"", found in the names of the four previously discovered halogens. The name was also chosen to continue the tradition of the four stable halogens, where the name referred to a property of the element. Corson and his colleagues classified astatine as a metal on the basis of its analytical chemistry. Subsequent investigators reported iodine-like, cationic, or amphoteric behavior. In a 2003 retrospective, Corson wrote that ""some of"
"was associated with metals and metal-bearing rock in general; copper, and its alloy bronze, was one of the first metals to be used by humans. Oxygen's name comes from the Greek words ""oxy genes"", meaning ""acid-forming"". Sulfur's name comes from either the Latin word ""sulfurium"" or the Sanskrit word ""sulvere""; both of those terms are ancient words for sulfur. Selenium is named after the Greek goddess of the moon, Selene, to match the previously-discovered element tellurium, whose name comes from the Latin word ""telus"", meaning earth. Polonium is named after Marie Curie's country of birth, Poland. Livermorium is named for"
"planets, dwarf planets, a few asteroids, our star, our planet, and our Moon. Uranium, neptunium, plutonium, cerium, and palladium were named after Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Ceres, and Pallas respectively, which were at the time of their naming all considered to be planets. (Today, Pluto and Ceres are considered to be dwarf planets, and Pallas is considered to be an asteroid.) The name of the element selenium came from the Greek word for the Moon (Σελήνη, ""Selene""). The name helium comes from the Greek word for the Sun (Ἢλιος, ""Helios""). This is because the first evidence for helium was in distinctive,"
"""Phosphorus"" in Ancient Greece was the name for the planet Venus and is derived from the Greek words (φῶς = light, φέρω = carry), which roughly translates as light-bringer or light carrier. (In Greek mythology and tradition, Augerinus (Αυγερινός = morning star, still in use today), Hesperus or Hesperinus (΄Εσπερος or Εσπερινός or Αποσπερίτης = evening star, still in use today) and Eosphorus (Εωσφόρος = dawnbearer, not in use for the planet after Christianity) are close homologues, and also associated with Phosphorus-the-planet). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the correct spelling of the element is phosphorus. The word phosphorous is"
"after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. The unique properties of palladium and other platinum group metals account for their widespread use. A quarter of all goods manufactured today either contain PGMs or have a significant part in their manufacturing process played by PGMs. Over half of the supply of palladium and its"
"of metals. Cu comes from Cuprum, Fe comes from Ferrum, Ag from Argentum. The symbols were not followed by a period (full stop) as with abbreviations. Later chemical elements were also assigned unique chemical symbols, based on the name of the element, but not necessarily in English. For example, sodium has the chemical symbol 'Na' after the Latin ""natrium"". The same applies to ""W"" (wolfram) for tungsten, ""Fe"" (ferrum) for iron, ""Hg"" (hydrargyrum) for mercury, ""Sn"" (stannum) for tin, ""K"" (kalium) for potassium, ""Au"" (aurum) for gold, ""Ag"" (argentum) for silver, ""Pb"" (plumbum) for lead, ""Cu"" (cuprum) for copper, and"
"Brown in 1906. It means in Greek ""wax birth"" (Greek: κηρός ""wax"" and -gen, γένεση ""birth""). Kerogen is a mixture of organic chemical compounds that make up a portion of the organic matter in sedimentary rocks. As kerogen is a mixture of organic material, rather than a specific chemical, it cannot be given a chemical formula. Its chemical composition can vary distinctively from sample to sample. For example, kerogen from the Green River Formation oil shale deposit of western North America contains elements in the proportions carbon 215 : hydrogen 330 : oxygen 12 : nitrogen 5 : sulfur 1."
"Palladium Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium"
"be colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin ""Molybdaenum"", from Ancient Greek , meaning ""lead"", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in"
"Chromium Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal. Chromium boasts a high usage rate as a metal that is able to be highly polished while resisting tarnishing. Chromium is also the main component of stainless steel, a popular steel alloy due to its uncommonly high specular reflection. Simple polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, with almost 90% of infrared light waves being reflected. The name of the element is derived from the Greek word"
"of 46.612 days. Most of the remaining radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. and are the most often studied NMR-active nuclei, having spins of and respectively. Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from ""hydrargyrum"", a Latinized form of the Greek word ὑδράργυρος (""hydrargyros""), which is a compound word meaning ""water-silver"" (from ὑδρ- ""hydr-"", the root of ὕδωρ, ""water,"" and ἄργυρος ""argyros"" ""silver"") – since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for his speed and mobility. It is associated with the"