What rare form of headache whose name refers to its tendency to occur periodically has been called by some experts as the most painful condition known to medical science?
"Vascular headache A vascular headache is an outdated term to describe certain types of headache which were thought to be related to blood vessel swelling and hyperemia as cause of pain. There is no doubt that ""some"" headaches are caused by vascular effects. However, it is no longer a recognized term and not mentioned in the Headache classification of the International Headache society (IHS), although it is still used by some physicians and still mentioned in some medical classification systems. There are many types of vascular headaches. Other types of vascular headaches include headaches produced by fever, cluster headaches, and"
"daily headache attacks on only one side of the cranium. It is possible that chronic paroxysmal hemicrania was first described by Johann Oppermann in 1747 under the term ""hemicranias horologica"". Oppermann's report included a 35-year-old woman who had hemicranial pain that lasted for 15 minutes and recurred regularly every hour. CPH has been included in the International Headache Society's classification system since 1988. Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH), also known as Sjaastad syndrome, is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only"
"Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH), also known as Sjaastad syndrome, is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only one side of the cranium. It is more commonly diagnosed in women than in men, but, unlike a migraine, has no neurological symptoms associated with it. CPH headaches are treated through the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with indomethacin found to be usually effective in eliminating symptoms. Paroxysmal hemicrania is classified by the frequency and duration of attacks experienced by patients. Episodic paroxysmal"
"Ophthalmodynia periodica Ophthalmodynia periodica is also referred to as ""ice-pick headache"", ""needle-in-the-eye syndrome"", and ""sharp short-lived head pain"". Another well-known name for ophthalmodynia periodica is ""jabs and jolts syndrome"". Ophthalmodynia periodica is considered a primary headache disorder, so it is not caused by any other conditions. The International Headache Society classifies ophthalmodynia periodica as a primary stabbing headache. The following diagnostic criteria are given for ophthalmodynia periodica: Ophthalmodynia periodica was first discovered by a doctor in 1964, where the disorder was first referred to as ophthalmodynia periodica. Since then, the disorder has been referred to as idiopathic stabbing headache. Ophthalmodynia"
"This name was used for 33 years, until a consortium of patients and clinicians was formed in the hopes of discovering the genetic cause of PEPD. During this process a number of patients expressed dissatisfaction with the name and after considerable discussion between patients and clinicians the name ""paroxysmal extreme pain disorder"" was agreed upon in 2005. Erythromelalgia case 1 Erythromelalgia case 2 Case 3 Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), originally named familial rectal pain syndrome, is a rare disorder whose most notable features are pain in the mandibular, ocular and rectal areas as well as"
"SUNCT syndrome Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT syndrome), is a rare headache disorder that belongs to the group of headaches called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs). Symptoms include excruciating burning, stabbing, or electrical headaches mainly near the eye and typically these sensations are only on one side of the body. The headache attacks are typically accompanied by cranial autonomic signs that are unique to SUNCT. Each attack can last from five seconds to six minutes and may occur up to 200 times daily. TACs are caused by activation of the autonomic nervous system of the trigeminal"
"NIH classification of headaches The NIH classification of headaches consists of brief, relatively vague glossary-type definitions of a limited number of headaches. It outlines five types of headache: vascular, myogenic (muscle tension), cervicogenic, traction, and inflammatory. The most common type of vascular headache is ""migraine"". Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, an upset stomach, and, for some people, disturbed vision. It is more common in women. While vascular changes are evident during a migraine, the cause of the headache is neurological, not vascular. After migraine, the most common type of"
"Iniencephaly Iniencephaly, a term derived from the Greek word ""inion"" for nape of the neck, is a rare type of cephalic disorder that was first described by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1836. Those afflicted with the disorder all share 3 common characteristics: a defect to the occipital bone, spina bifida of the cervical vertebrae and retroflexion (backward bending) of the head on the cervical spine. Stillbirth is the most common outcome, with a few rare examples of live birth, after which death almost invariably occurs within a short time. There are two types of iniencephaly. The more severe group is"
"Acephalgic migraine Acephalgic migraine (also called acephalalgic migraine, migraine aura without headache, amigrainous migraine, isolated visual migraine, and optical migraine) is a neurological syndrome. It is a relatively uncommon variant of migraine in which the patient may experience aura, nausea, photophobia, hemiparesis, and other migraine symptoms, but does not experience headache. It is generally classified as an event fulfilling the conditions of migraine with aura with no (or minimal) headache. It is sometimes distinguished from visual-only migraine aura without headache, also called ocular migraine. Acephalgic migraines can occur in individuals of any age. Some individuals, more commonly male, only experience"
"periodica does not have a confirmed cause, being a primary headache, but can be identified with other primary conditions. ""As many as 40% of all individuals with ice pick headaches have also been diagnosed as suffering with some form of migraine headache."" Ophthalmodynia periodica Ophthalmodynia periodica is also referred to as ""ice-pick headache"", ""needle-in-the-eye syndrome"", and ""sharp short-lived head pain"". Another well-known name for ophthalmodynia periodica is ""jabs and jolts syndrome"". Ophthalmodynia periodica is considered a primary headache disorder, so it is not caused by any other conditions. The International Headache Society classifies ophthalmodynia periodica as a primary stabbing headache."
"by inflammation, including those related to meningitis as well as those resulting from diseases of the sinuses, spine, neck, ears, and teeth. NIH classification of headaches The NIH classification of headaches consists of brief, relatively vague glossary-type definitions of a limited number of headaches. It outlines five types of headache: vascular, myogenic (muscle tension), cervicogenic, traction, and inflammatory. The most common type of vascular headache is ""migraine"". Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, an upset stomach, and, for some people, disturbed vision. It is more common in women. While vascular"
"both the United States and internationally. In New Zealand, there is only one recorded case, there is also one recorded case in New South Wales, Australia. Both genders, male and female, are affected equally, and it typically occurs around the age of 60. Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness and paralysis (ophthalmoplegia) of certain eye muscles (extraocular palsies). In 2004, the International Headache Society provided a definition of the diagnostic criteria which included granuloma. Symptoms are usually limited to one side of the head, and"
"though those leading to vasoconstriction should be avoided due to the risk of stroke. Migraine itself is a very common disorder, occurring in 15–20% of the population. Hemiplegic migraine, be it familial or spontaneous, is less prevalent, 0.01% prevalence according to one report. Women are three times more likely to be affected than males. Hemiplegic migraine Hemiplegic migraine or Hemiplegic migraine headache is a rare and serious subtype of classical migraine that typically includes weakness of half the body which can last for hours, days or weeks. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as ataxia, coma and paralysis."
"NDPH is rare. The Akershus study of chronic headache, a population based cross sectional study of 30,000 persons aged 30–44 years in Norway, found a one-year prevalence of 0.03 percent in the population. In 1986, Vanast was the first author to describe the new daily-persistent headache (NDPH) as a benign form of chronic daily headache (CDH). The criteria for the diagnosis of NDPH were proposed in 1994 (the Silberstein–Lipton criteria) but not included in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) until 2004. The headaches can vary greatly in their clinical presentation and duration. Quality of the headache has been"
"42-year-old woman who had experienced several sudden headaches and was found to have an aneurysm that had not ruptured. Thunderclap headache A thunderclap headache, also referred to as a lone acute severe headache, is a headache that is severe and sudden-onset. It is defined as a severe headache that takes seconds to minutes to reach maximum intensity. Although approximately 75% are attributed to ""primary"" headaches—headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache, or uncertain headache disorder—the remainder are secondary to other causes, which can include some extremely dangerous acute conditions, as well as infections and various other conditions. Usually, further investigations"
"a secondary headache may be dangerous. 90% of all headaches are primary headaches. Primary headaches usually first start when people are between 20 and 40 years old. The most common types of primary headaches are migraines and tension-type headaches. They have different characteristics. Migraines typically present with pulsing head pain, nausea, photophobia (sensitivity to light) and phonophobia (sensitivity to sound). Tension-type headaches usually present with non-pulsing ""bandlike"" pressure on both sides of the head, not accompanied by other symptoms. Other very rare types of primary headaches include: Headaches may be caused by problems elsewhere in the head or neck. Some"
"Thunderclap headache A thunderclap headache, also referred to as a lone acute severe headache, is a headache that is severe and sudden-onset. It is defined as a severe headache that takes seconds to minutes to reach maximum intensity. Although approximately 75% are attributed to ""primary"" headaches—headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache, or uncertain headache disorder—the remainder are secondary to other causes, which can include some extremely dangerous acute conditions, as well as infections and various other conditions. Usually, further investigations are performed to identify the underlying cause. A headache is called ""thunderclap headache"" if it is severe in character"
"the value of these findings remains unclear, and they have not been able to distinguish a special ""lupus headache"" from other headache types in people with lupus. Lupus headache Lupus headache is a proposed, specific headache disorder in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Research shows that headache is a symptom commonly described by SLE patients —57% in one meta-analysis, ranging in different studies from 33% to 78%; of which migraine 31.7% and tension-type headache 23.5%. The existence of a special lupus headache is contested, although few high-quality studies are available to form definitive conclusions. Lupus headache is an"
"Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), originally named familial rectal pain syndrome, is a rare disorder whose most notable features are pain in the mandibular, ocular and rectal areas as well as flushing. PEPD often first manifests at the beginning of life, perhaps even ""in utero"", with symptoms persisting throughout life. PEPD symptoms are reminiscent of primary erythromelalgia, as both result in flushing and episodic pain, though pain is typically present in the extremities for primary erythromelalgia. Both of these disorders have recently been shown to be allelic, both caused by mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel"
"Epilepsia partialis continua Epilepsia partialis continua (also called Kojevnikov's or Kozhevnikov's epilepsia) is a rare type of brain disorder in which a patient experiences recurrent motor epileptic seizures that are focal (hands and face), and recur every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days or years). During these seizures, there is repetitive focal myoclonus or Jacksonian march. After a seizure has subsided, Todd's phenomenon may be observed, which includes weakness. There are numerous causes for this kind of seizure and they differ depending somewhat on the age at which the seizures begin. Epilepsy most often occurs at the extremes"
"Epilepsia partialis continua Epilepsia partialis continua (also called Kojevnikov's or Kozhevnikov's epilepsia) is a rare type of brain disorder in which a patient experiences recurrent motor epileptic seizures that are focal (hands and face), and recur every few seconds or minutes for extended periods (days or years). During these seizures, there is repetitive focal myoclonus or Jacksonian march. After a seizure has subsided, Todd's phenomenon may be observed, which includes weakness. There are numerous causes for this kind of seizure and they differ depending somewhat on the age at which the seizures begin. Epilepsy most often occurs at the extremes"
"and are more common in women than men (23% to 18% respectively). Tension-type headache pain is often described as a constant pressure, as if the head were being squeezed in a vice. The pain is frequently present on both sides of the head at the same time. Tension-type headache pain is typically mild to moderate but may be severe. According to the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, the attacks must meet the following criteria: Tension-type headaches may be accompanied by tenderness of the scalp on manual pressure during an attack. Based on frequency, tension-type headaches can"
"Benign paroxysmal torticollis Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is a rare medical disorder affecting infants. The defining characteristic of BPT is a tilting of an infant’s head in recurrent episodes, for varying periods of time. Furthermore, the child’s trunk may bend in the same direction as the head, giving the baby an overall curved shape; this complaint is known as tortipelvis. In addition to this, the individual may also, but not necessarily, experience vomiting, pallor, ataxia, agitation, infantile migraine, unsteadiness of gait upon learning to walk, general malaise and nystagmus. The periods in which the child’s head is tilted and other"
"an attack has passed, or between attacks. Though CH is strictly unilateral, there are some documented cases of ""side-shift"" between cluster periods, or, rarely, simultaneous (within the same cluster period) bilateral cluster headaches. The pain occurs only on one side of the head, around the eye, particularly above the eye, in the temple. The pain is typically greater than in other headache conditions, including migraines. The pain is typically described as burning, stabbing, drilling or squeezing, and may be located near or behind the eye. As a result of the pain, those with cluster headaches may experience suicidal thoughts during"
"Hemiplegic migraine Hemiplegic migraine or Hemiplegic migraine headache is a rare and serious subtype of classical migraine that typically includes weakness of half the body which can last for hours, days or weeks. It can be accompanied by other symptoms, such as ataxia, coma and paralysis. The ICHD classification and diagnosis of migraine distinguish 6 subtypes of hemiplegic migraine. FHM can be loosely divided into two categories: with and without cerebellar signs. Cerebellar signs refer to ataxia, sometimes episodic and other times progressive, that can accompany FHM1 mutations and is caused by degeneration of the cerebellum. These cerebellar signs result"
"Lupus headache Lupus headache is a proposed, specific headache disorder in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Research shows that headache is a symptom commonly described by SLE patients —57% in one meta-analysis, ranging in different studies from 33% to 78%; of which migraine 31.7% and tension-type headache 23.5%. The existence of a special lupus headache is contested, although few high-quality studies are available to form definitive conclusions. Lupus headache is an important item in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), a scoring system often used in lupus research. The SLEDAI describes lupus headache as a ""severe,"
"Tension headache Tension headache, also known as tension-type headache, is the most common type of primary headache. The pain can radiate from the lower back of the head, the neck, eyes or other muscle groups in the body typically affecting both sides of the head. Tension-type headaches account for nearly 90% of all headaches. Pain medication, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are effective for the treatment of tension headache. Tricyclic antidepressants appear to be useful for prevention. Evidence is poor for SSRIs, propranolol and muscle relaxants. As of 2013, tension headaches affect about 1.6 billion people (20.8% of the population)"
"Eagle syndrome Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome styloid syndrome, styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) is a rare condition commonly characterized but not limited to - sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. Since the brain to body's nerve connections pass through the neck; many seemingly random symptoms can be triggered by impingement or entanglement. First described by American otorhinolaryngologist Watt Weems Eagle in 1937, the condition is caused by an elongated or misshapen styloid process, the"
"many visits to the hospital. Other symptoms can be treated with medicine or surgery. Most female patients with the syndrome can live a long and normal life, while males have only survived in rare cases. It is also known as Happle's syndrome, after the German Physician, Rudolf Happle (b. 1938), who wrote a series of papers about the disease in 1976.The name Conradi-Hünermann Syndrome is named for Erich Conradi (1882–1968), and Carl (Karl) Hünermann (1904–1978), both are German Physicians. Conradi–Hünermann syndrome Conradi–Hünermann syndrome (also known as ""Conradi–Hünermann–Happle syndrome"", ""Happle syndrome,"" and ""X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata"") is a rare type of"
"Headache Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It occurs in migraines (sharp, or throbbing pains), tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches. Frequent headaches can affect relationships and employment. There is also an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions whether serious or not. There are a number of different classification systems for headaches. The most well-recognized is that of the International Headache Society. Causes of headaches may include dehydration, fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, the effects of medications, the effects of recreational"
"vascular headache is the ""toxic"" headache produced by fever. Other kinds of vascular headaches include ""cluster headaches"", which are very severe recurrent short lasting headaches, often located through or around either eye and often wake the sufferers up at the same time every night. Unlike migraines, these headaches are more common in men than in women. Muscular (or myogenic) headaches appear to involve the tightening or tensing of facial and neck muscles; they may radiate to the forehead. Tension headache is the most common form of myogenic headache. Cervicogenic headache originates from disorders of the neck, including the anatomical structures"
"~ 1:2. The condition was first described by American otorhinolaryngologist Watt Weems Eagle in 1937. Eagle syndrome Eagle syndrome (also termed stylohyoid syndrome styloid syndrome, styloid-stylohyoid syndrome, or styloid–carotid artery syndrome) is a rare condition commonly characterized but not limited to - sudden, sharp nerve-like pain in the jaw bone and joint, back of the throat, and base of the tongue, triggered by swallowing, moving the jaw, or turning the neck. Since the brain to body's nerve connections pass through the neck; many seemingly random symptoms can be triggered by impingement or entanglement. First described by American otorhinolaryngologist Watt Weems"
"thunderclap headache has been estimated at 43 per 100,000 people every year. Approximately 75% are attributed to ""primary"" headaches: headache disorder, non-specific headache, idiopathic thunderclap headache or uncertain headache disorder. The remainder is attributed to secondary causes: vascular problems, infections and various other conditions. The importance of severe headaches in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage has been known since the 1920s, when London neurologist Charles Symonds described the clinical syndrome. The term ""thunderclap headache"" was introduced in 1986 in a report by John Day and Neil Raskin, neurologists at the University of California, San Francisco, in a report of a"