Which Greek philosopher, born in the ancient town of Elea in the 56th century BC, was described by Aristotle as 'The Inventor Of Dialect' but is best known for his paradoxes?
"suggestion that all change is an illusion, that the true underlying reality is eternally unchanging and of a single nature. Parmenides denoted this reality as (The One). Parmenides' idea seemed implausible to many Greeks, but his student Zeno of Elea challenged them with several famous paradoxes. Aristotle responded to these paradoxes by developing the notion of a potential countable infinity, as well as the infinitely divisible continuum. Unlike the eternal and unchanging cycles of time, he believed that the world is bounded by the celestial spheres and that cumulative stellar magnitude is only finitely multiplicative. The Indian philosopher Kanada, founder"
"Aristotle Aristotle (; ""Aristotélēs"", ; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the ""Father of Western Philosophy"". Aristotle provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including those of Socrates and Plato, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its fundamental intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in"
"dialogue. Moreover, the term ""dialectic"" owes much of its prestige to its role in the philosophies of Socrates and Plato, in the Greek Classical period (5th to 4th centuries BCE). Aristotle said that it was the pre-Socratic philosopher Zeno of Elea who invented dialectic, of which the dialogues of Plato are the examples of the Socratic dialectical method. According to Kant, however, the ancient Greeks used the word ""dialectic"" to signify the logic of false appearance or semblance. To the Ancients, ""it was nothing but the logic of illusion. It was a sophistic art of giving to one's ignorance, indeed"
"Aristotle the Dialectician Aristotle the Dialectician (or Aristoteles of Argos, ; fl. 3rd century BC), was an ancient Greek dialectic philosopher from Argos. In 252 BC, together with the historian Deinias of Argos, he contrived a plot to overthrow the tyranny in Sicyon. They successfully killed the tyrant Abantidas, but their further plans were thwarted by the tyrant's father Paseas who took control of the city. Deinias managed to escape to Argos, but Aristotle's fate is uncertain. In 224 a friend of Aratus of Sicyon named Aristotle belonged to the party at Argos which revolted against Cleomenes III of Sparta,"
"Eleatics The Eleatics were a pre-Socratic school of philosophy founded by Parmenides in the early fifth century BC in the ancient town of Elea. Other members of the school included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos. Xenophanes is sometimes included in the list, though there is some dispute over this. Elea, whose modern-day appellation is Velia, was a Greek colony located in present-day Campania in southern Italy. The school took its name from Elea (), a Greek city of lower Italy, the home of its chief exponents, Parmenides and Zeno. Its foundation is often attributed to Xenophanes of Colophon,"
"Philo the Dialectician Philo the Dialectician (; fl. 300 BC) was a dialectic philosopher of the Megarian school. He is sometimes called Philo of Megara although the city of his birth is unknown. He is most famous for the debate he had with his teacher Diodorus Cronus concerning the idea of the possible and the criteria of the truth of conditional statements. Little is known about the life of Philo. He was a disciple of Diodorus Cronus, and was a friend of Zeno, the founder of Stoicism. Diogenes Laërtius states that Zeno ""used to dispute very carefully with Philo the"
"middle of the 6th century BC, Miletus was considered the greatest and wealthiest of Greek Polis. Over several centuries, numerous Ancient Greek city-states were established on the coasts of Anatolia. Greeks started Western philosophy on the western coast of Anatolia (Pre-Socratic philosophy). Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Diogenes of Apollonia were among of the renowned Milesian school philosophers. Heraclitus lived in Ephesus (/ˈɛfəsəs/;[1] Greek: Ἔφεσος Ephesos; Turkish: Efes) another ancient Greek city and Anaxagoras was from Clazomenae, a city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League. All Ancient Greek dialects were spoken in Anatolia depending on the"
"Eubulides Eubulides (; fl. 4th century BCE) of Miletus was a philosopher of the Megarian school, and a pupil of Euclid of Megara. He is famous for his paradoxes. Eubulides was a pupil of Euclid of Megara, the founder of the Megarian school. He was a contemporary of Aristotle, against whom he wrote with great bitterness. He taught logic to Demosthenes, and he is also said to have taught Apollonius Cronus, the teacher of Diodorus Cronus, and the historian Euphantus. He may have been the author of a book about Diogenes of Sinope. Eubulides is most famous for inventing the"
"Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (; ; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece, which included Southern Italy). He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy. The single known work by Parmenides is a poem, ""On Nature"", only fragments of which survive. In it, Parmenides prescribes two views of reality. In ""the way of truth"" (a part of the poem), he explains how reality (coined as ""what is-is"") is one, change is impossible, and existence is timeless, uniform, necessary, and unchanging. This is generally considered one of the first digressions into the philosophical"
"a paradox, and began using the Socratic method to answer his conundrum. Diogenes Laërtius, however, wrote that Protagoras invented the “Socratic” method. Plato famously formalized the Socratic elenctic style in prose—presenting Socrates as the curious questioner of some prominent Athenian interlocutor—in some of his early dialogues, such as ""Euthyphro"" and ""Ion"", and the method is most commonly found within the so-called ""Socratic dialogues"", which generally portray Socrates engaging in the method and questioning his fellow citizens about moral and epistemological issues. But in his later dialogues, such as Theaetetus or Sophist, Plato had a different method to philosophical discussions, namely"
"of celebrated paradoxes, much debated by later philosophers, which try to show that supposing that there is any change or multiplicity leads to contradictions. Melissus of Samos (born c. 470 BC) was another eminent member of this school. Empedocles of Agrigentum (490-430 BC) was from the ancient Greek city of Akragas (Ἀκράγας), Agrigentum in Latin, modern Agrigento, in Sicily. He appears to have been partly in agreement with the Eleatic School, partly in opposition to it. On the one hand, he maintained the unchangeable nature of substance; on the other, he supposes a plurality of such substances - i.e. four"
"used language that seems to posit a transcendent single deity. Different cities often worshipped the same deities, sometimes with epithets that distinguished them and specified their local nature. The earliest surviving philosophy from ancient Greece dates back to the 6th century BC, when according to Aristotle Thales of Miletus was considered to have been the first Greek philosopher. Other influential pre-Socratic philosophers include Pythagoras and Heraclitus. The most famous and significant figures in classical Athenian philosophy, from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC, are Socrates, his student Plato, and Aristotle, who studied at Plato's Academy before founding his own"
"Diogenes Diogenes (; , ""Diogenēs"" ), also known as Diogenes the Cynic (, ""Diogenēs ho Kynikos""), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. He was born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea, in 412 or 404 BC and died at Corinth in 323 BC. Diogenes was a controversial figure. His father minted coins for a living, and Diogenes was banished from Sinope when he took to debasement of currency. After being exiled, he moved to Athens and criticized many cultural conventions of the city. He modeled himself on the example of Heracles,"
"a landmass in the southern high-latitude region and called it ""Antarctica"". Aristoteles is a crater on the Moon bearing the classical form of Aristotle's name. The secondary literature on Aristotle is vast. The following references are only a small selection. Aristotle Aristotle (; ""Aristotélēs"", ; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece. Along with Plato, he is considered the ""Father of Western Philosophy"". Aristotle provided a complex and harmonious synthesis of the various existing philosophies prior to him, including those of Socrates and Plato, and"
"conflicting opposites, seemingly unified only by this ""Logos"". He is known for his obscure sayings. In contrast to Heraclitus, Parmenides held that all is one and nothing changes. He may have been a dissident Pythagorean, disagreeing that One (a number) produced the many. ""X is not"" must always be false or meaningless. What exists can in no way not exist. Our sense perceptions with its noticing of generation and destruction are in grievous error. Instead of sense perception, Parmenides advocated ""logos"" as the means to Truth. He has been called the discoverer of logic, Zeno of Elea, a pupil of"
"Philodemus Translation Project, funded by the United States National Endowment for the Humanities, and part of the Centro per lo Studio dei Papiri Ercolanesi in Naples. Epicurus's popular appeal among non-scholars is difficult to gauge, but it seems to be relatively comparable to the appeal of more traditionally popular ancient Greek philosophical subjects such as Stoicism, Aristotle, and Plato. Epicurus Epicurus (341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded a highly influential school of philosophy now called Epicureanism. He was born on the Greek island of Samos to Athenian parents. Influenced by Democritus, Aristotle, and possibly the Cynics, he"
"Phaedo of Elis Phaedo of Elis (; also ""Phaedon""; , ""gen"".: Φαίδωνος; fl. 4th century BCE) was a Greek philosopher. A native of Elis, he was captured in war as a boy and sold into slavery. He subsequently came into contact with Socrates at Athens who warmly received him and had him freed. He was present at the death of Socrates, and Plato named one of his dialogues ""Phaedo"". He returned to Elis, and founded the ""Elean School"" of philosophy. Almost nothing is known of his doctrines, but his school survived him and was subsequently transferred to Eretria by his"
"leading the city back into the Achaean League. Although it cannot be excluded that this was the same person, it appears more probable that this Aristotle was a son or a relative of the dialectician. Aristotle the Dialectician Aristotle the Dialectician (or Aristoteles of Argos, ; fl. 3rd century BC), was an ancient Greek dialectic philosopher from Argos. In 252 BC, together with the historian Deinias of Argos, he contrived a plot to overthrow the tyranny in Sicyon. They successfully killed the tyrant Abantidas, but their further plans were thwarted by the tyrant's father Paseas who took control of the"
"in the early fifth century BCE by Parmenides, and included Zeno of Elea and Melissus of Samos. Methodologically, the Eleatics were broadly rationalist, and took logical standards of clarity and necessity to be the criteria of truth. Parmenides' chief doctrine was that reality is a single unchanging and universal Being. Zeno used ""reductio ad absurdum"", to demonstrate the illusory nature of change and time in his paradoxes. Heraclitus of Ephesus, in contrast, made change central, teaching that ""all things flow"". His philosophy, expressed in brief aphorisms, is quite cryptic. For instance, he also taught the unity of opposites. Democritus and"
"also been called quasi-logical: “it maintains that self-referential logic that is typical of the human mind even if it is circular.” Corax of Syracuse Corax (, ""Korax""; fl. 5th century BC) was one of the founders (along with Tisias) of ancient Greek rhetoric. Some scholars contend that both founders are merely legendary personages, others that Corax and Tisias were the same person, described in one fragment as ""Tisias, the Crow"" (""corax"" is ancient Greek for ""crow""). And according to Aristotle, Empedocles was the actual founder of rhetoric, but this is also unlikely. It is believed that William Shakespeare derived the"
"Pyrrho Pyrrho of Elis (; ; ) was a Greek philosopher of Classical antiquity and is credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher. Pyrrho of Elis is estimated to have lived from around 365-360 BC until 275-270 BC. Pyrrho was from Elis, on the Ionian Sea. Diogenes Laërtius, quoting from Apollodorus of Athens, says that Pyrrho was at first a painter, and that pictures by him were exhibited in the gymnasium at Elis. Later he was diverted to philosophy by the works of Democritus, and according to Diogenes Laertius became acquainted with the Megarian dialectic through Bryson, pupil of"
"idea of an ""erudite dissertation"", while """"peri"""" may refer in fact to a ""circular approach""; and the traditional meanings of ""nature"" for us (as opposition to culture, to supernatural, or as essence, substance, opposed to accident, etc.) may be in contrast with the meaning of """"physeos"""" or """"physis"""" for the Greeks (referring to an ""originary source"", or ""process of emergence and development""). The first pre-Socratic philosophers were from Miletus on the western coast of Anatolia. Thales (624-546 BC) is reputedly the father of Greek philosophy; he declared water to be the basis of all things. Next came Anaximander (610-546 BC),"
"Georgios Papandreou (historian) Georgios Papandreou (Greek: Γεώργιος Παπανδρέου, 1859–1940) was a Greek historian and a linguist. He was born in the village of Skoupi, near Kalavryta in Achaia, and spent his childhood years in Pyrgos and was educated. He moved to Athens where he studied philosophy and became a professor in Pyrgos. In 1886, he became a doctor of the Athens Philosophical with likeness in his member ""Away, In Ancient Psophis (περι της αρχαίας Ψωφίδος)"". In 1896, he was proclaimed of linguists with the diatribe ""Away in The Elean Dialect (περί της των Ηλείων διαλέκτου)"". In 1924, he wrote the"
"scientific implications of this view have been discussed by scientist Anthony Hyman. A shadow of Parmenides' ideas can be seen in the physical concept of Block time, which considers existence to consist of past, present, and future, and the flow of time to be illusory. In his critique of this idea, Karl Popper called Einstein ""Parmenides"". However, Popper did write: So what was really new in Parmenides was his axiomatic-deductive method, which Leucippus and Democritus turned into a hypothetical-deductive method, and thus made part of scientific methodology. Parmenides Parmenides of Elea (; ; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from"
"Phaedrus (Athenian) Phaedrus (), son of Pythocles, of the Myrrhinus deme (Greek: Φαῖδρος Πυθοκλέους Μυρρινούσιος, ""Phaĩdros Puthocléous Murrinoúsios""; c. 444 – 393 BC), was an ancient Athenian aristocrat associated with the inner-circle of the philosopher Socrates. He was indicted in the profanation of the Eleusinian mysteries in 415 during the Peloponnesian War, causing him to flee Athens. He is best remembered for his depiction in the dialogues of Plato. His philosophically erotic role in his eponymous dialogue and the ""Symposium"" inspired later authors, from the ancient comedic playwright Alexis to contemporary philosophers like Robert M. Pirsig and Martha Nussbaum. Phaedrus,"
"questions from the audience and give impromptu replies."" He has been called ""Gorgias the Nihilist"" although the degree to which this epithet adequately describes his philosophy is controversial. His chief claim to recognition is that he transplanted rhetoric from his native Sicily to Attica, and contributed to the diffusion of the Attic dialect as the language of literary prose. Gorgias was born sometime between 490 and 480 BC in Leontinoi, a Chalcidian colony in eastern Sicily that was allied with Athens. His father's name was Charmantides. He had a brother named Herodicus, who was a physician, and sometimes accompanied him"
"Heraclitus Heraclitus of Ephesus (; ; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus, then part of the Persian Empire. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the apparently riddled and allegedly paradoxical nature of his philosophy and his stress upon the heedless unconsciousness of humankind, he was called ""The Obscure"" and the ""Weeping Philosopher"". Heraclitus was famous for his insistence on ever-present change as being"
"Corax of Syracuse Corax (, ""Korax""; fl. 5th century BC) was one of the founders (along with Tisias) of ancient Greek rhetoric. Some scholars contend that both founders are merely legendary personages, others that Corax and Tisias were the same person, described in one fragment as ""Tisias, the Crow"" (""corax"" is ancient Greek for ""crow""). And according to Aristotle, Empedocles was the actual founder of rhetoric, but this is also unlikely. It is believed that William Shakespeare derived the name ""Sycorax"" from Corax of Syracuse. Corax is said to have lived in Sicily in the 5th century BC, when Thrasybulus,"
"works, ""Conversations on Love"", is repeatedly ascribed to Aristo of Ceos by Athenaeus. One work of Aristo not mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius, was entitled ""Lyco"", in gratitude to his master. There are also two epigrams in the ""Greek Anthology"", which are commonly attributed to Aristo of Ceos, though there is no evidence for it. Aristo of Ceos Aristo of Ceos (; ; fl. c. 225 BC) was a Peripatetic philosopher and a native of the island of Ceos, where his birthplace was the town of Ioulis. He is not to be confused with Aristo of Chios, a Stoic philosopher of"
"He has been considered the founder of metaphysics or ontology. Parmenides was born in the Greek colony of Elea (now Ascea), which, according to Herodotus, had been founded shortly before 535 BC. He was descended from a wealthy and illustrious family. His dates are uncertain; according to Diogenes Laërtius, he flourished just before 500 BC, which would put his year of birth near 540 BC, but Plato has him visiting Athens at the age of 65, when Socrates was a young man, c. 450 BC, which, if true, suggests a year of birth of c. 515 BC. He was said"
"philosophers such as Martin Heidigger, Jacques Derrida, Ludwig Wittgenstein, A. J. Ayer, Amélie Rorty, and Stanley Fish. Nonetheless, many academic philosophers still ridicule any efforts to portray Gorgias as a serious thinker. Gorgias Gorgias ( 485 – 380 BC) was an ancient Greek sophist, pre-Socratic philosopher, and rhetorician who was a native of Leontinoi in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first generation of Sophists. Several doxographers report that he was a pupil of Empedocles, although he would only have been a few years younger. ""Like other Sophists, he was an itinerant that practiced in various cities and giving"
"dialogue created the character of Simon the Shoemaker. The ""Suda"" also mentions the ""Simmias"", ""Alcibiades"", and ""Critolaus"". Seneca has preserved one of his ""dicta"", concerning the results of frequenting the company of good (or bad) people: Attribution: Phaedo of Elis Phaedo of Elis (; also ""Phaedon""; , ""gen"".: Φαίδωνος; fl. 4th century BCE) was a Greek philosopher. A native of Elis, he was captured in war as a boy and sold into slavery. He subsequently came into contact with Socrates at Athens who warmly received him and had him freed. He was present at the death of Socrates, and Plato"
"Diodorus Cronus Diodorus Cronus (; died c. 284 BC) was a Greek philosopher and dialectician connected to the Megarian school. He was most notable for logic innovations, including his master argument formulated in response to Aristotle's discussion of future contingents. Diodorus was a son of Ameinias of Iasus in Caria. He lived at the court of Alexandria in the reign of Ptolemy I Soter, who is said to have given him the surname of Cronus (""old fogey"") on account of his inability to solve at once some dialectic problem proposed by Stilpo, when the two philosophers were dining with the"