In which part of a flower, found on top of a filament, is pollen contained?
"well as in the determination of the floral meristem. Therefore, the ""AG"" mutants are devoid of androecium and gynoecium and they have petals and sepals in their place. In addition, the growth in the centre of the flower is undifferentiated, therefore the petals and sepals grow in repetitive verticils. The ""PLENA"" (""PLE"") gene is present in ""A. majus"", in place of the ""AG"" gene, although it is not an ortholog. However, the ""FARINELLI"" (""FAR"") gene is an ortholog, which is specific to the development of the anthers and the maturation of pollen. In ""Petunia"", ""Antirrhinum"" and in maize the C"
"not be fused with the female parts in the centre of the flower. The filaments may be of equal length or strongly differ, and all may carry anthers, but infertile staminodes may also occur. The anther releases the pollen through slits stretching along its length. The ovary is positioned above the perianth and the androecium (a so-called superior ovary), consists of two fully merged carpels, and contains one cavity that may be divided in two by a partition (or replum). Between ten and fifty ovules (future seeds) are set along the margins of each of the carpels. As the fruit"
"outer surface, all strongly curled back after the flower opens. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are very narrowly ellipse-shaped, each about 5 mm long and 1½ mm wide, felty with in addition long straight hairs. The limb facing the edge of the head is less densely felty than the other three. From the centre of the perianth emerges a slender tapering, style of about 5 cm (2 in) long, slightly arching toward the centre of the head. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen presenter is narrowly cone-shaped"
"middle part (or claws) where the perianth is split lengthwise. These claws are all equally coiled back when the flower has opened, with the outer surface sparsely shaggy haired. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four lance-shaped lobes of about long, which carry a few stiff hairs. From the perianth emerges a straight or slightly incurved style of about 2 cm (0.8 in) long, tapering in the upper part. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen presenter is about 1 mm (0.04 in) long, egg- to hoof-shaped"
"with long hairs on the outer surface, all strongly curled back after the flower opens. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are very narrowly lance-shaped with a pointy tip, each about 7 mm long and 1 mm wide, set with many long soft hair, more of less forming a tuft at the tip. From the centre of the perianth emerges a slender, tapering, initially pale yellow, later amber to bronze coloured style of 7–8 cm(2.8–3.2 in) long, twisted clockwise near the tip. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen"
"but strongly expanded higher up. The middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise and coils tightly when the flower opens, is covered in silky to villous hairs. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four oval-shaped lobes with a pointy tip of about long, which are covered in silky hairs. From the perianth emerges a style of 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) long that is tapering towards the end, bent to the center of the head, and almost at a right angle in the upper third. The thickened part at"
"the top of the tube when the flower opens. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, consists of four lance-shaped to ellyptic lobes of about 2 mm (0.08 in) long and 1 mm wide, with few soft of felty hairs. From the perianth emerges a thread-like style of about 1.4 cm (0.56 in) long, that very slightly tapers nearing the tip. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen presenter is bluntly hoof-shaped, about 1 mm long with a groove that functions as the stigma across the very tip. The ovary"
"Each flower has three to five leathery sepals that mostly end in a stretched tip, making it ""leafy"", but sometimes one and rarely two sepals may be obovate with a rounded tip, which do not fall after flowering. The corolla usually consists of six to nine oblong cyclamen or rarely pink to white petals of 3-6½ × 1½-3 cm. Towards the centre of the flower are many stamens consisting of filaments of ½–1 cm topped with anthers that ripen from the inside out, open with slits and release yellow pollen. The pollen is released in sets of four grains together."
"pollen is transferred from the anthers to the pollen-presenter, a thickening at the tip of the style. At that stage, the style grows considerably and rips through the sutures between the two perianth lobes facing away from the centre of the flower head. The perianth lobes all four remain attached to each other, or with three, or the four free lobes all curl back on themselves (like the lit of a sardine can), rimming the top of the tube. The superior ovary consists of one carpel and contains a single ovary, and is subtended by four small scales. The fruit"
"coiled back when the flower has opened. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four dark brown, lance-shaped lobes of about long, which are softly hairy on the outside, and are each merged on the inside with one yellow anther of ¾ mm (0.03 in) long with a poity tip. From the perianth emerges a straight style of 18–21 mm (0.72–0.84 in) long, tapering in the upper third, initially pale yellow but later becoming dull carmine in colour. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen presenter is yellow"
"other connecting parts. Pollinium A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae). Usage of the term differs: in some orchids two masses of pollen are well attached to one another, but in other orchids there are two halves (with two separate viscidia) each of which is sometimes referred to as a pollinium. Most orchids have waxy pollinia. These are connected to one"
"part, that remains merged when the flower is open, called tube, is quadrangular in cross section, hairless and 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long. The segments in the middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise, are densely felty, carmine in colour, slender, and coil back as soon as the flower opens. The segments in the upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are boat-shaped in cross section, very narrowly lance-shaped with a pointy tip in outline, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long, and covered rough felty hairs. The anthers are narrowly lance-shaped to"
"into the base of the tepals, and are connate (fused) at their bases, frequently protruding from the flower. The stamen filaments are thin and filiform, but may be appendiculate (bearing appendages) at their base, a feature that is also important in differentiating species. Their anthers are versatile (swinging freely) and oblong and attach to the filament at the back (dorsifixed). The pollen is bisulcate (two grooves). The inferior ovary is subglobose (slightly flattened sphere) and trilocular (three-lobed or three locules), with one to four ovules in each loculus. The style is filiform, straight or declinate and has an obscurely tricuspidate"
"slightly curved before they open. The lower part, that remains merged when the flower is open, called perianth-tube is covered with long soft hairs and about 1½ mm (0.06 in) long. The middle part (or claws) consists of four segments each of about ½ cm (0.2 in) long, line- to threat-shaped with short densely matted woolly hairs pressed to its surface. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are 1½ mm (0.06 in) long, elliptic in shape with an almost pointy tip and covered with densely matted woolly hairs. The four anthers are each"
"hairs and 5–6 mm long. The five petals are overlapping in the bud, white, felty, spoon-shaped with a narrow base (or claw). The claw is 1½-2 cm long and is inserted on a 5-lobed disc. The five stamens extend well beyond the corolla and alternate with the five lobes of the disc at the centre of the flower. The filaments are very long and white. The anthers are connected to the filaments midlength and open in lengthwise slits towards the middle of the flower. Pollen grains have five slits. The nectar is produced by the ledges of the disc, just"
"long, about ½–1 cm (⅓ in) wide, hairless at the base and powdery hairy towards the tip, with a row of hairs along the edge. The 4-merous perianth is 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) long. The lower part, that remains merged when the flower is open, is slightly inflated and hairless at the base, and about 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long. The segments in the middle part (or claws), are thread-shaped and silky hairy. The segments in the upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are line-shaped with a pointy tip and covered in dense silky"
"stamens). Staminodes can alternate with the fertile stamens or they can all occur in the upper or lower hemisphere of the flower. The stalks of the stamens are bearded in many genera, although in some of these only some are bearded while others are hairless. Sometimes one to three stamens are absent altogether. Pollen is usually released from slits that open on the sides of the anthers from top to bottom, but some species have pores that open at the tips. The Commelinaceae are a well supported monophyletic group according to the analysis of Burns. ""et al."" (2011). The following"
"for transferring pollen to insects. The first mechanism described is that of ""Orchis mascula"", which serves as an introduction to the explanation of other Orchidaceae. In the upper part of the flower a petal shelters the male organ which has two packages of pollen grains, held together by thin elastic threads. These pollen masses stand side by side and have stalks down to adhesive balls in a cup which keeps them moist and sticky. When an insect lands on the large projecting lower petal, the labellum, and pushes its head and proboscis into the centre of the flower and down"
"pollen of visiting insects or by various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings. The style and stigma of the flower are involved in most types of self incompatibility reactions. Self-incompatibility, if present, prevents fertilization by pollen from the same plant or from genetically similar plants, and ensures outcrossing. Gynoecium Gynoecium (, from Ancient Greek , ""gyne"", meaning ""woman"", and , ""oikos"", meaning ""house"") is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl of a flower, it consists of (one or"
"claw facing center of the flower head that is hairless. The upper part, which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four ellips-shaped limbs are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long, and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide felty hairy on the outside. From the perianth emerges a style that is white or flushed with pink, strongly curved towards the center of the head, narrowing near its tip, of 2–2½ cm (0.8–1.0 in) long. The thickened part at the tip of the style called pollen presenter is at a small angle with the style, narrowly cone-shaped with a pointy"
"yellowish or purplish anthers that are blunt on both ends and the filament is not extended beyond the anther. The fruit at the base of the male flower is much reduced and void, and pappus may consist of some irregular scales or be entirely abstent. Pollen is globe-shaped and has three sunken furrows (a type called tricolpate). These furrows have sharp ends and do not merge at the poles. The pollen has some unevenly distributed hollow spines, which are conical with a somewhat swollen base and a pointed tip, 1—2 μm high. The functionally female florets are each stiffly enclosed"
"a membranous sheath at its base, that envelops the single, superior pistil in a tube. The tube divides into nine filaments, which trace the base of the keel petals that enclose them. The single free filament lies above them. In ""Smithia"" the two sets are equal, with 5 stamens in each. Many papilionaceous flowers however have ten distinct stamens. Genera that conform to the latter morphology include ""Sophora"", ""Anagyris"", ""Cercis"", ""Daviesia"", ""Dillwynia"", ""Gompholobium"", ""Mirbelia"" and ""Pultenaea"". Charles Darwin observed that the fertility of plants with papilionaceous flowers depend to an important extent on visits by bees, and it is accepted"
"which five long yellow or red petals dangle. The whole flower is held upside-down, so that the umbrella-like style catches the pollen dropped by the anthers. The stigmas are located at the tips of the umbrella-like style. The primary pollinators are bees. Bees searching for nectar must force their way past one of the stigmas to enter the chamber formed by the style. Inside, they will inevitably come in contact with a lot of pollen, both from the hanging anthers and from the pollen collected by the style. Upon exiting, the bees must force their way under one of the"
"outer surface softly hairy. The 4-merous perianth is about 2 cm long, straight in bud, tube-shaped, entirely deep yellow. The lower part, that remains merged when the flower, called tube, is open, is 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long, hairless and somewhat flattened sideways. The middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise, is 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) long, with the segment facing the center of the head is hairless, while the other segments have very short hairs. It is hardly differentiated from the upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, and is roughly"
"is released as single grains, like in most other plants, in the Apostasioideae, Cypripedioideae, and Vanilloideae. In the other subfamilies, which comprise the great majority of orchids, the anther (3) carries two pollinia. A pollinium is a waxy mass of pollen grains held together by the glue-like alkaloid viscin, containing both cellulosic strands and mucopolysaccharides. Each pollinium is connected to a filament which can take the form of a caudicle, as in ""Dactylorhiza"" or ""Habenaria"", or a ""stipe"", as in ""Vanda"". Caudicles or stipes hold the pollinia to the viscidium, a sticky pad which sticks the pollinia to the body"
"above the leaves. The flower cluster is an airy panicle long with many branches. They terminate in small spikelets, which each contain a single fertile floret. When it blooms, the floret has three reddish anthers and a short feathery stigma. If it is pollinated, the floret produces a nearly round seed long. At the base of the spikelet are two bracts (glumes), one of them long and the other long. The bracts each are long and tapered, with sharply pointed tips. Around the floret are a lemma and palea, each about long, though the palea is sometimes longer than the"
"Unlike other ""Mimetes"" species, the flower lacks a tube at its base. The segments in the lower part are ¾–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) long, hyaline in consistency, hairless, free and bent to the outside. The middle part forms a tube, because the segments are merged through interlocking hairs along the margins, of 6–8 mm (¼–⅓ in) long and is covered in dense powdery hairs. The segments in the upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, are hairless, line-shaped with a pointy tip and 3-5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long. From the centre of the perianth emerges"
"the flower head. The style is cream to carmine in colour, tapering towards the tip, and the upper half has barbs pointing to the base. The style ends in a thickened portion, to which the pollen has been transferred in the bud, called the pollen presenter, which is curved inwards and cone-shaped with a pointy tip and a distinct collar at its base. The minute groove that functions as the stigma can be found at the very tip of the pollen presenter. The ovary is about ½ mm (0.02 in) long, coverered in very fine straight silky hairs pressed to"
"long, narrow and hairless near the base but expanded and widened and minutely powdery higher up, to become constricted where it merges into the middle part. The middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise and coils tightly when the flower opens, is covered in villous hairs and the margin has long, straight, spreading hairs. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud consists of four lance-shaped lobes with a pointy tip of about long, which are covered in villous hairs. The yellow anthers are directly fused to the limbs, 4½–5 mm (0.18–0.20"
"in) long. The middle part (or claws), where the perianth is split lengthwise, spread at right angles, are all the same length, shaggy to densely shaggy hairy, and coil back as soon as the flower opens. The upper part (or limbs), which enclosed the pollen presenter in the bud, and is ellipse-shaped, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long, and covered with shaggy to short, dense, matted hairs. From the centre of the perianth emerges a straight, initially pale pink to carmine, later deep claret coloured style of 1¼–1¾ cm (½–⅔ in) long. The thickened part at the tip of the"
"the lobes widest at the base and ovate (round) with a sharp tip furthest from the tube. The female flowers have slightly more small short hairs with slightly toothed calyx. The corolla are tubular and are fused with two translucent stigma. The flower from the female is positioned in a cup-like structure called the calyculus that is formed from bracts. This flower has clear stigma that relies on wind pollination. Pollen is produced by the male flowers. The flowers predominantly cross pollinate via wind dispersal. Pollen then comes into contact with the ova (female part of the flower) to fertilse"
"Pollinium A pollinium (plural pollinia) is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit. This is regularly seen in plants such as orchids and many species of milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae). Usage of the term differs: in some orchids two masses of pollen are well attached to one another, but in other orchids there are two halves (with two separate viscidia) each of which is sometimes referred to as a pollinium. Most orchids have waxy pollinia. These are connected to one or two elongate"
"are set with several in racemes amidst the crowded leaves at the tip of the branches. The free sepals and petals are well-developed and star-symmetrical. The broadly inverted egg-shaped petals are white, reddish pink or bright purple and are overlapping in a circle in the bud. Inside the petals are five stamens that sit opposite the sepals and below the ovary. The filaments are free, line-shaped, topped by anthers that are connected with the filament near their base. These anthers have two pollen-containing cavities that open inwards through four short slits near the top. The anthers are initially flipped downward"