In Thomas Hardy's novel Jude the Obscure, which city did he call Christminster?
"for a number of head-on collisions. Following four fatal head-on collision accidents in 2008 alone, local residents have renewed their calls for the road to be upgraded to dual carriageway to provide a safe overtaking facility and deal with the capacity problems. The A338 figures in Thomas Hardy's 'Jude the Obscure', chapter 3. The point where the road crests the downs before beginning the steep drop into Wantage ('Alfredston') is the spot where young Jude stands one evening and looks out for the first time on Oxford ('Christminster'). A338 road The A338 is a major primary route in southern England,"
"Fawley, Berkshire Fawley is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. The hub of the village is centred east of Lambourn and has a sub-community within its bounds, Little or South Fawley. It includes a depopulated small hill settlement of Whatcombe. Fawley was the poor and depressed home of author Thomas Hardy's maternal grandmother – the main character in ""Jude the Obscure"", stonemason Jude Fawley, lived in a fictional village Marygreen, and a relative, one of his biographers, links the memories of this woman to the book's bleak start. The area is wholly on part of the escarpment"
"the Obscure"" appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life. The struggle against fixed class boundaries is an important link between the novel and Hardy's life, especially concerning higher education and the working class. Although Jude wishes to attend the university at Christminster, he cannot afford the cost involved in studying for a degree, and he lacks the rigorous training necessary to qualify for a fellowship. He is therefore prevented from gaining economic mobility and getting out of the working class. This theme of unattainable education was personal for Hardy since he, like Jude, had not"
"Hardy novel ""Jude the Obscure"". Chibnall also drew heavily on Hardy's concept of a ""wrathful god"" for the series. Even the title of the series came from the Dorset setting. Chibnall invented the name ""Broadchurch"" based on two towns in Dorset: ""I thought a lot about the literary heritage of this county. In true Thomas Hardy style I came up with a compound location name of Broadchurch combining the West Dorset hamlets of Broadstone and Whitchurch."" Chibnall wrote the script for ""Broadchurch"" on spec after his work on ""Camelot"" ended. Chibnall had a very unhappy experience working on ""Camelot"", and"
"Peter's Church, Paddington, London. The ceremony was conducted by Emma's uncle, Edwin Hamilton Gifford, Canon of Worcester Cathedral and later Archdeacon of London. The Hardys honeymooned in Rouen and Paris. The Hardys were never able to have children, which may have affected their relationship. After twenty years of marriage, Thomas Hardy published ""Jude the Obscure"", controversial for its portrayal of Victorian religion, sexual mores and marriage. Emma disapproved of Hardy's last novel because of the book's criticisms of religion and also because she worried that the reading public would believe the relationship between Jude and Sue paralleled her strained relationship"
"Jude the Obscure Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895. It is Hardy's last completed novel. Its protagonist, Jude Fawley, is a working-class young man, a stonemason, who dreams of becoming a scholar. The other main character is his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is also his central love interest. The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, and marriage. The novel tells the story of Jude Fawley, who lives in a village in southern England (part"
"in the Domesday Book as Sceptesberie, and the use of ""Shaston"" () was recorded in 1831 in Samuel Lewis's ""A Topographical Dictionary of England"" and in 1840 in ""The parliamentary gazetteer of England and Wales"". Thomas Hardy used both ""Shaston"" and ""Palladour"" to refer to the town in the fictional Wessex of his novels such as ""Jude the Obscure"" (""Caer Palladour"" in the Brythonic language is ""Caer Vynnydd y Paladr"" or ""The Hillfort of the Spears""), though the general use of ""Palladour"" was described by one 19th-century directory as ""mere invention"". There is no substantive evidence that Shaftesbury was the"
"rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 36 reviews. Jude (film) Jude is a 1996 British period drama film directed by Michael Winterbottom, and written by Hossein Amini, based on Thomas Hardy's novel ""Jude the Obscure"". The original music score was composed by Adrian Johnston. The film was shot in late 1995 in Edinburgh and locations in County Durham including Durham Cathedral, Durham City, Ushaw College, Blanchland village and Beamish museum. In a 2011 interview for ""theartsdesk"", Eccleston commented on the film: ""Of all the films I've done, ""Jude"" is the one that I'd stand by, the one I'd like people"
"Jude (film) Jude is a 1996 British period drama film directed by Michael Winterbottom, and written by Hossein Amini, based on Thomas Hardy's novel ""Jude the Obscure"". The original music score was composed by Adrian Johnston. The film was shot in late 1995 in Edinburgh and locations in County Durham including Durham Cathedral, Durham City, Ushaw College, Blanchland village and Beamish museum. In a 2011 interview for ""theartsdesk"", Eccleston commented on the film: ""Of all the films I've done, ""Jude"" is the one that I'd stand by, the one I'd like people to come back to. The rest is much"
"Sue in freezing weather, Jude becomes seriously ill and dies within the year in Christminster, thwarted in his ambition to achieve fame in his studies as well as in his love. It is revealed that Sue has grown ""staid and worn"" with Phillotson. Arabella fails to mourn Jude's passing, instead setting the stage to ensnare her next suitor. The events of ""Jude the Obscure"" occur over a 19-year period, but no dates are specifically given in the novel. Aged 11 at the beginning of the novel, by the time of his death Jude seems much older than his thirty years"
"Chibnall's decision to set the show on the Jurassic Coast also helped him generate more ideas for the show and tighten the writing. For example, Dorset's most famous native son, poet and author Thomas Hardy, lent his last name to one of the main characters (DI Alec Hardy). Hardy's use of the term ""Wessex"" was used to name the fictional Wessex Police, and character Jack Marshall reads the Hardy novel ""Jude the Obscure"". The series' name also came from the Dorset setting. Chibnall invented the name ""Broadchurch"" based on two settlements in Dorset: ""I thought a lot about the literary"
"name, the Phoenix, showing first-run and art house films. In 2017 Jericho was ranked number 11 in a list of the UK’s ‘most hip’ destinations. The ranking was compiled by TravelSupermarket, and took into account vegan cafes, independent bike shops, vinyl record stores and independent coffee shops. In 2018 the suburb dropped to number 20 on the list, although it scored full marks, for the second year running, in the ‘creative capital’ category, which concerned co-working and creative spaces. Thomas Hardy's novel ""Jude the Obscure"" has a scene set in St Barnabas Church, and it is possible that the suburb"
"was beatified by Pope Paul VI in 1963. Several authors have written about Reading. Thomas Hardy painted a rather disparaging picture of the town, lightly disguised as ""Aldbrickham"", in his 1895 novel ""Jude the Obscure"". Jerome K. Jerome also did not warm to the town on his famous journey up the Thames in ""Three Men in a Boat"" (1888). He does, however, recognise the historical significance of Reading. Jasper Fforde set his series of Jack Spratt literary crime novels in this town. The comic novel ""A Melon for Ecstasy"" by John Fortune and John Wells is set in and around"
"a whole is firmly critical of Christianity and social institutions in general. By tracking Jude’s trajectory throughout the novel, the reader is enlightened to Hardy’s bleak, anachronistic view on the then-current state of organized religion. Jude, from his origins in Marygreen, always found religion to be the end game of an otherwise troublesome and uninteresting life. But, as seen through his systematic exclusion from the educational organization of Christminster, Jude’s dream of entering the church would prove to be unattainable, leaving him to pursue other, less fulfilling interests. A similar track can be seen in Hardy’s treatment of the traditional"
"displayed in Shaftesbury Abbey during the annual Snowdrop Festival. The collection is being built through sponsorship and donations. Gold Hill Fair usually occurs in the first weekend of July and has food stalls, arts stalls and local music that can be found in the abbey ruins. Thomas Hardy used the names ""Shaston"" or ""Palladour"" to describe Shaftesbury in the fictional Wessex of his novels. In ""Jude the Obscure"" he described the loss of the town's former architectural glories, principally the abbey: """"Vague imaginings of its castle, its three mints, its magnificent apsidal abbey, the chief glory of south Wessex, its"
"the Obscure, as the temporary home of Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead. Oscar Wilde was imprisoned in Reading Gaol from 1895 to 1897. While there, he wrote his letter ""De Profundis"". After his release, he lived in exile in France and wrote ""The Ballad of Reading Gaol"", based on his experience of the execution of Charles Wooldridge, carried out in Reading Gaol whilst he was imprisoned there. Ricky Gervais, who is from Reading, made the film ""Cemetery Junction"", which, although filmed elsewhere in the UK, is set in 1970s Reading and is named after a busy junction in East Reading."
"as ""a permanent trap between two people"" from which there is no easy escape. Around 1887, Hardy began making notes for a story about a working-man's frustrated attempts to attend the university, perhaps inspired in part by the scholastic failure and suicide of his friend Horace Moule. From December 1894 to November 1895, a bowdlerised version of the novel ran in instalments in ""Harper's New Monthly Magazine"", originally under the title ""The Simpletons"", then ""Hearts Insurgent"". In 1895, the book was published in London under its present title, ""Jude the Obscure"" (dated 1896). In his Preface to the first edition,"
"he carries them a step farther into the twentieth century. He retains the complex plots and rounded characterizations of Victorian fiction. But adds to Victorian social criticism a new intensity and an expansion of subject matter in, for example, his frank treatment of sexuality and the subjection of women through sexuality (Tess, 1891). Jude the Obscure (1895) is Hardy’s gloomiest and most revolutionary novel. Tess is revolutionary, but not as much as Jude in which Hardy lashes out at all the social arrangements of his time. Jude at the beginning is an intelligent, idealistic working-class young man who studies at"
"named 'Beersheba' in the novel is based on Jericho. As an homage to Hardy, in 1996, one of Jericho's pubs was renamed Jude the Obscure. The first episode of the long running ITV drama series ""Inspector Morse"", starring British actor John Thaw, called """"The Dead of Jericho"""", was partially filmed in the streets of Jericho, notably Combe Road (which is 'Canal Reach' in the drama). It also featured the exterior of the Bookbinders Arms public house on the corner of Victor Street. The spin-off show ""Lewis"" also has stories based around the same area. Philip Pullman set parts of his"
"of the ITV drama ""Broadchurch"" are drawn from the life and works of Thomas Hardy, and one character says in a police interview that he had read the book ""Jude the Obscure"". Michael Ian Black has created a podcast called ""Obscure"", where he reads and comments on the book Jude the Obscure. It began on 8 June 2018. Jude the Obscure Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895. It is Hardy's last completed novel. Its protagonist, Jude Fawley, is a"
"There he wrote ""The Mayor of Casterbridge"" (1886), ""The Woodlanders"" (1887), and ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"" (1891), the last of which attracted criticism for its sympathetic portrayal of a ""fallen woman"" and was initially refused publication. Its subtitle, ""A Pure Woman: Faithfully Presented"", was intended to raise the eyebrows of the Victorian middle classes. ""Jude the Obscure"", published in 1895, met with an even stronger negative response from the Victorian public because of its controversial treatment of sex, religion and marriage. Furthermore, its apparent attack on the institution of marriage caused further strain on Hardy's already difficult marriage because Emma"
"in particular, the city of Jerusalem and its holy sites, such as the Holy Sepulchre, the empty tomb of Jesus Christ. He endowed the hospital in the Muristan after the First Crusade. Once the city was returned to Christian rule, some form of government had to be set up. On July 22, a council was held in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Raymond of Toulouse refused to become king. Godfrey agreed to become ruler. As was typical of Godfrey's Christian ethics, he refused to be crowned king ""upon the plea that he would never wear a crown of gold"
"since at least Norman times, but the only remaining parts of the earliest structure are the sculpture of St Michael, inside the west wall of the south aisle, and the restored Purbeck Marble font. St Michael's was the local church of novelist and poet Thomas Hardy and he was baptised here. Stinsford is the original 'Mellstock' of Hardy's novels ""Under the Greenwood Tree"" and ""Jude the Obscure"". Hardy's heart was buried in the churchyard in 1928, alongside the grave of his first wife, Emma Lavinia Gifford, who died in 1912 and his second wife, Florence Dugdale, who died in 1937."
"Fawley and 'the neate and faire habitacion [home] of the Lady Moore,' on 19 November 1644. He stated that the arms of Moore, with the motto 'Regi et legi' were then painted over the porch, together with Moore impaling Twittye, and the motto 'Suum cuique pulchrum.' Fawley is the inspiration for ""Marygreen"" of Thomas Hardy's ""Jude the Obscure"". Jude's surname was Fawley, and he set the novel there because it was the home of Hardy's grandmother, who had a very depressing childhood. The house in which she lived is now called Jude Cottage. William Bradshaw, , vicar of Fawley (1717–1723),"
"By this time, Jude has abandoned his classical studies. After Arabella leaves him, Jude moves to Christminster and supports himself as a mason while studying alone, hoping to be able to enter the university later. There, he meets and falls in love with his free-spirited cousin, Sue Bridehead. But, shortly after this, Jude introduces Sue to his former schoolteacher, Mr. Phillotson, whom she eventually is persuaded to marry, despite being some twenty years her senior. However, she soon regrets this, because in addition to being in love with Jude, she is horrified by the notion of sex with her husband."
"including Ben Elton as Judas Iscariot. In 2001, after he sold his percentage in Up The Creek, Hardee took over a floating pub, The Wibbley Wobbley, on a converted Rhine pleasure cruiser in Greenland Dock, Rotherhithe, by the River Thames. On 2 February 2005, Hardee's body was recovered from Greenland Dock, after he was reported missing from The Wibbley Wobbley on 31 January; he had been last seen late-night on 30 January. A post-mortem soon confirmed he had drowned. In an inquest at Southwark Coroner's Court on 20 July, Coroner John Sampson recorded a verdict of accidental death. It had"
"St Michael's Church, Basingstoke St Michael's Church is a notable Anglican parish church in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England. It is located in the lower part of the town, near its centre, towards the northern end of Church Street. Despite being dismissed by Thomas Hardy in his 1895 novel ""Jude the Obscure"" as gaunt and unattractive, St Michael’s is a Grade I listed building. It is largely of 16th-century construction in stone and flint. As with many British churches, there is evidence of much alteration made to the building over the centuries The South Porch of the church was built in 1539,"
"a great force. He took a stand against what he regarded as immoral literature and Thomas Hardy claimed that he had burned a copy of his novel ""Jude the Obscure"". How was much helped in his earlier work by his wife, Frances A. Douglas (died 1887). He refused preferment on several occasions, but his energy and success made him well known, and in 1879 he became a suffragan bishop in London, under the title of bishop of Bedford, his province being the East End. There he became the inspiring influence of a revival of church work. He founded the East"
"of such novels as ""Far from the Madding Crowd"" (1874), ""The Mayor of Casterbridge"" (1886), ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"" (1891), and ""Jude the Obscure"" (1895). During his lifetime, Hardy's poetry was acclaimed by younger poets (particularly the Georgians) who viewed him as a mentor. After his death his poems were lauded by Ezra Pound, W. H. Auden and Philip Larkin. Many of his novels concern tragic characters struggling against their passions and social circumstances, and they are often set in the semi-fictional region of Wessex; initially based on the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom, Hardy's Wessex eventually came to include the counties"
"Thomas Hardy's Wessex The English author Thomas Hardy set all of his major novels in the south and southwest of England. He named the area ""Wessex"" after the medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom that existed in this part of that country prior to the unification of England by Æthelstan. Although the places that appear in his novels actually exist, in many cases he gave the place a fictional name. For example, Hardy's home town of Dorchester is called Casterbridge in his books, notably in ""The Mayor of Casterbridge"". In an 1895 preface to the novel ""Far From the Madding Crowd"" he described"
"Hardy Way The Hardy Way is a waymarked long-distance footpath in southern England in the United Kingdom. The route runs for 354 km or 220 miles. The route is named for the writer Thomas Hardy and runs through Thomas Hardy's Wessex, his version of Wessex, the region of the West Country of England portrayed in his books, such as ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"", ""The Mayor of Casterbridge"", ""Far From the Madding Crowd"", ""Jude the Obscure"" and others. It starts at Higher Bockhampton, where Hardy was born, and finishes at Stinsford churchyard, where Hardy's heart lies buried. It passes through Dorset"
"Cædmon, who is the eponym for the book, Whitby plays an important role within the story. Other towns and villages on the north-east coast of England like Staithes, Robin Hood's Bay and Scarborough are mentioned when Kirsten visits them to look for her attacker. Another place mentioned in the text is Brierley Coombe, the fictitious home town of Kirsten. Brierley Coombe is assumed to be a suburb of Bath, therefore it has similar features. The title of the book alludes to the seventh century English poet. According to legend, Cædmon was at first unable to sing but then he was"
"as compared with the Hebrew text of the Old Testament. In 1656, he went to stay in the Countess of Peterborough's house in Reigate, Surrey. On 19 March, he felt a sharp pain in his side after supper and took to his bed. His symptoms seem to have been those of a severe internal haemorrhage. Two days later he died, aged 75. His last words were reported as: ""O Lord, forgive me, especially my sins of omission."" His body was embalmed and was to have been buried in Reigate, but at Cromwell's insistence he was given a state funeral on"