Which British composer wrote 'A Child Of Our Time' incorporating Negro spirituals, in 1941?
"Time"" was well received on its first performance, and has since been performed all over the world in many languages. A number of recorded versions are available, including one conducted by Tippett when he was 86 years old. Michael Tippett was born in London in 1905, to well-to-do though unconventional parents. His father, a lawyer and businessman, was a freethinker, his mother a writer and suffragette. He received piano lessons as a child, but first showed his musical prowess while a pupil at Stamford School in Lincolnshire, between 1920 and 1922. Although the school's formal music curriculum was slight, Tippett"
"Michael Tippett Sir Michael Kemp Tippett (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War. In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten as one of the leading British composers of the 20th century. Among his best-known works are the oratorio ""A Child of Our Time"", the orchestral ""Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli"", and the opera ""The Midsummer Marriage"". Tippett's talent developed slowly. He withdrew or destroyed his earliest compositions, and was 30 before any of his works were published."
"Jester Hairston Jester Joseph Hairston (July 9, 1901 – January 18, 2000) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor, and actor. He was regarded as a leading expert on Negro spirituals and choral music. His notable compositions include ""Amen,"" a gospel-tinged theme from the film ""Lilies of the Field"" and a 1963 hit for The Impressions, and the Christmas song ""Mary's Boy Child"". Hairston was born in Belews Creek, a rural community on the border of Stokes, Forsyth, Rockingham and Guilford counties in North Carolina. His grandparents had been slaves. At an early age he and his family moved"
"and Peter Pears, for whom he wrote the cantata ""Boyhood's End"" for tenor and piano. Encouraged by Britten, Tippett made arrangements for the first performance of ""A Child of Our Time"", at London's Adelphi Theatre on 19 March 1944. Goehr conducted the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and Morley's choral forces were augmented by the London Regional Civil Defence Choir. Pears sang the tenor solo part, and other soloists were borrowed from Sadler's Wells Opera. The work was well received by critics and the public, and eventually became one of the most frequently performed large-scale choral works of the post-Second World War"
"British première. Among British composers, his greatest passion was for Delius (he was an adviser to the Delius Trust from 1961, and later the President of the Society), and he was on amicable terms with Benjamin Britten, William Walton and Michael Tippett: while at the LPO, he was instrumental in arranging the premiere of Tippett's ""A Child of Our Time"" in 1944. Other friends included the conductors Thomas Beecham, Victor de Sabata, Roger Désormière, Ernest Ansermet and Charles Münch, as well as the singer Maggie Teyte, the cellist Pierre Fournier and the pianist Monique Haas. For much of the 20th"
"the television industry, Hairston has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6201 Hollywood Blvd. He is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California. Jester Hairston Jester Joseph Hairston (July 9, 1901 – January 18, 2000) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor, and actor. He was regarded as a leading expert on Negro spirituals and choral music. His notable compositions include ""Amen,"" a gospel-tinged theme from the film ""Lilies of the Field"" and a 1963 hit for The Impressions, and the Christmas song ""Mary's Boy Child"". Hairston was born in Belews Creek, a rural community"
"to popular choral repertoire. The choir gave one of the first modern performances of the Claudio Monteverdi Vespers of 1610, and other concerts included works by Bononcini, Francesco Cavalli, Antonio Vivaldi, Heinrich Schütz, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Camille Saint-Saëns, Gustav Holst, Anton Bruckner and William Walton. In October 1966, they gave one of the first UK performances of the Duruflé Requiem in Bath. Michael Tippett's oratorio A Child of our Time was sung under the composer's baton as a part of the Bath Festival in June 1968. During this period the works of Ralph Vaughan Williams, the choir's first president, also featured"
"our time, commissioning twelve works for chorus and orchestra, from ten composers: John Harbison (twice), Peter Child, Donald Sur, Andrew Imbrie, Andy Vores (twice), T.J. Anderson, James Primosch, Stephen Hartke, Lior Navok, and Yehudi Wyner. Many of these works respond to challenging issues: Sur's Slavery Documents, Anderson's Slavery Documents 2, and Navok's Slavery Documents 3: The Trains Kept Coming...form the beginning of a stream of compositions that grapple with extraordinarily difficult subjects, American slavery and the Holocaust; Child's Estrella protests 1980s American policy in Nicaragua; Harbison's The Flight into Egypt suggests, through the metaphor of Mary and Joseph, the pain"
"Concerto marks the proper beginning of Tippett's maturity as an orchestral composer. In ""A Child of Our Time"" Tippett was, in Kemp's view, wholly successful in integrating the language of the spirituals with his own musical style. Tippett had obtained recordings of American singing groups, especially the Hall Johnson Choir, which provided him with a model for determining the relationships between solo voices and chorus in the spirituals. Thus, Kemp believes, the fourth spiritual ""O by and by"" sounds almost as if it had been composed by Tippett. The composer's instructions in the score specify that ""the spirituals should not"
"BBC's director of music, to arrange a broadcast performance of the work. This took place on 10 January 1945 shortly after which, in February, Tippett conducted the work at the Royal Albert Hall. The radio broadcast had been heard by Howard Hartog, a music writer and publisher who just after the war was in Occupied Germany, attempting to re-establish the North German Radio Symphony Orchestra in Hamburg. As part of this endeavour he decided to mount a performance of ""A Child of Our Time"", with Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt conducting. Because of his pacifism and record as a conscientious objector, Tippett was"
"BBC Choral Society sang Mahler, a great deal of Stravinsky, some Britten, and much Beethoven. When Colin Davis took over in 1967, a new group of composers came to the fore: Berlioz, Liszt (the Dante Symphony as well as the Faust Symphony), and Michael Tippett. This last connection brought the BBC Choral Society its opportunity to make its first recording for a commercial company in recent years (though Mendelssohn's Elijah had been recorded as long ago as 1930): Tippett's oratorio A Child of Our Time was recorded under Davis's direction for Philips Classics Records. There followed a succession of major"
"the BBC Proms 2016 on 23 July by the BBC National Orchestra and Chorus of Wales. ""A Child of Our Time"" has survived periods of indifference, particularly in America, to be ranked alongside Britten's ""War Requiem"" as one of the most frequently performed large-scale choral works of the post-Second World War period. According to Meirion Bowen, Tippett's long-time companion and a champion of his music, the work's particular quality is its universal message, with which audiences all over the world have identified. In his notes accompanying the performance at the 2010 Grant Park Music Festival in Chicago, Richard E. Rodda"
"had conducted the South London Orchestra in the premiere of his Concerto for Double String Orchestra. After completing the composition of ""A Child of Our Time"" in 1941, Tippett worked on other projects, feeling that the oratorio's pacifist message was out of touch with the prevailing national mood. Walter Goehr, who conducted the Morley College orchestra, advised delaying its first performance until a more propitious time. In February 1942 Tippett was assigned by the tribunal to non-combative military duties. Following his appeal, this was changed to service either with Air Raid Precautions (ARP), with the fire service or on the"
"more delicate, lightly scored idea on violins and cellos. The slow movement (Adagio cantabile) opens with one of Tippett's most affecting and heartfelt melodies for low solo violin, revealing the composer's deep love of Blues, especially the singing of Bessie Smith. A fugue offers chromatic contrast, and the movement is rounded off by a return of the opening tune on solo cello. In the rondo finale (Allegro molto) Tippett uses a theme based on a Northumbrian bagpipe tune to bring the work to an exciting and uplifting climax. As in the 1941 oratorio ""A Child of Our Time"" and the"
"Eliot would provide a libretto for the oratorio, and the poet showed interest. However, when Tippett presented him with a more detailed scenario, Eliot advised him to write his own text, suggesting that the poetic quality of the words might otherwise dominate the music. Tippett called the oratorio ""A Child of Our Time"", taking the title from ""Ein Kind unserer Zeit"", a contemporary protest novel by the Austro-Hungarian writer Ödön von Horváth. Within a three-part structure based on Handel's ""Messiah"", Tippett took the novel step of using North American spirituals in place of the traditional chorales that punctuate oratorio texts."
"text ""Goin' Home"" that eventually established itself as a popular Negro ""spiritual."" Arnold's version had the text ""Mother Mine."" from M. Peress ""Dvořák to Duke Ellington"". African American composers such as Maurice Arnold, Will Marion Cook and Harry Burleigh applied Dvořák's command of using Creole folk music, spirituals, plantation work songs, and popular music as a basis for the formation of a new American nationalist musical sound. Clara Gottschalk (the pianist, composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk's daughter) wrote in the preface to her 1902 arrangements of ""Creole songs,"" ""if as Dr. Dvořák has claimed there is in time to be a"
"document. After the Kristallnacht, Salvador Allende, Gabriel González Videla, Marmaduke Grove, Florencio Durán and other members of the Congress of Chile sent a telegram to Adolf Hitler denouncing the persecution of Jews. A more personal response, in 1939, was the oratorio ""A Child of Our Time"" by the English composer Michael Tippett. ""Kristallnacht"" changed the nature of the Nazi persecution of Jews from economic, political, and social to physical with beatings, incarceration, and murder; the event is often referred to as the beginning of the Holocaust. In the words of historian Max Rein in 1988, ""Kristallnacht came...and everything was changed."""
"and carries a strongly pacifist message of ultimate understanding and reconciliation. The text's recurrent themes of shadow and light reflect the Jungian psychoanalysis which Tippett underwent in the years immediately before writing the work. The oratorio uses a traditional three-part format based on that of Handel's ""Messiah"", and is structured in the manner of Bach's Passions. The work's most original feature is Tippett's use of African-American spirituals, which carry out the role allocated by Bach to chorales. Tippett justified this innovation on the grounds that these songs of oppression possess a universality absent from traditional hymns. ""A Child of Our"
"Richard Dering Richard Dering (""c."" 1580–1630) — also Deering, Dearing, Diringus, etc. — was an English Renaissance composer during the era of late Tudor music. He is noted for his pioneering use of compositional techniques which anticipated the advent of Baroque music in England. Some of his surviving choral works are part of the repertoire of Anglican church music today. Despite being English, he lived and worked most of his life in the Spanish-dominated South Netherlands owing to his Roman Catholic faith. Dering was born in London around 1580, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the illegitimate son of"
"for his doctorate, but decided not to pursue it. Over seventy published works Started on November 20, 1999, and is known as Negro Spiritual/Moses Hogan Chorale Day. Moses Hogan Moses George Hogan (March 13, 1957 – February 11, 2003) was an American composer and arranger of choral music. He was best known for his settings of African-American spirituals. Hogan was a pianist, conductor, and arranger of international renown. His works are celebrated and performed by high school, college, church, community, and professional choirs today. His most famous work today is ""The Oxford Book of Spirituals"" created in 2002. He died"
"Frederic Norton George Frederic Norton (11 October 186915 December 1946) was a British composer, most associated with the record breaking ""Chu Chin Chow"", which opened in 1916. Norton was born in Broughton, Salford, England. He studied with Sir Paolo Tosti and appeared on stage in variety theatre. Some of these acts included the delivery of monologues. These led Norton to compose songs, many of them humorous. His published songs included 1908's ""Rosemary"" with words by Graham Robertson, and ""Maid of the Morning"", ""When a Pullet is Plump"" and ""The Elephant and the Portmanteau"". In turn, these songs resulted in Norton"
"on the liturgical calendar of the US Episcopal Church on 21 November. William Byrd William Byrd (; birth date variously given as c.1539/40 or 1543 – 4 July 1623), was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school), and consort music. Although he produced sacred music for Anglican services, sometime during the 1570s he became a Roman Catholic and wrote Catholic sacred music later in his life. Thanks largely to the research of John Harley, knowledge"
"(suite); ""Pull Up Your Socks"" (1960) Library music/genre pieces: B""lue Days at Sea, Busy Life, Country Market, Enchantment, Fairy Cobweb, Feather on the Breeze, Frivolity, Gala, Golden Harvest, Hackney Carriage, Jogging Along, March of the Astronauts, Paddle Steamer, Paul Pry, Procession, Softly She Sleeps, Spindlelegs, Stormy Passage, Tomorrow the World"" Film and television music: ""Dark Eyes of London"" (1939), ""Rhythm of the Road"" (1946); ""The Eleventh Hour"" (1962) King Palmer Cedric King Palmer (13 February 1913 – 13 July 1999) was an English composer, conductor, author and teacher, best known for his popular educational books on music and as a"
"""My Life Belongs to You"", ""Fly Home Little Heart"", ""Take Your Girl"" and ""Primrose"". In ""Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians"", Webb writes that although Novello's oeuvre is generally thought of as ""romantic"" and ""Ruritanian"", his music ""was far more varied than his current reputation suggests"". Webb contends that such romantic hits as ""Someday My Heart Will Awake"" were balanced by ""rousing operetta choruses ... and jazz age numbers"" while Rose of England' is a stately patriotic piece that stands comparison with Elgar or Walton"". Ivor Novello Ivor Novello (15 January 1893 – 6 March 1951), born David Ivor Davies,"
"""The Atlantic Monthly"" and subsequently included in his 1869 memoir ""Army Life in a Black Regiment"" (1869). The latter half of the 20th century saw a resurgence of the spiritual. This trend was impacted strongly by composers and musical directors such as Moses Hogan and Brazeal Dennard. Dr. Arthur Jones founded ""The Spirituals Project"" at the University of Denver in 1999 to help keep alive the message and meaning of the songs that have moved from the fields of the South to the concert halls of the North. Spiritual (music) Spirituals (or Negro spirituals) are generally Christian songs that were"
"and other African diasporic musical styles and traditions. His early output consisted of compositions that incorporated quotes of spirituals and arrangements of spirituals such as ""Bandanna Sketches: Four Negro Spirituals,"" ""Camp Song:(Water Boy),"" ""Levee Dance,"" ""Forty Negro Spirituals"", and ""Traditional Negro Spirituals"". As he matured, the forms utilized by the composer became more varied. The 1954 Benjamin Award was presented to him for ""Elegy"", a composition for orchestra. He also used decidedly 'Negro' themes for his string quartet and other chamber music. Clarence Cameron White Clarence Cameron White (August 10, 1880 – June 30, 1960) was an African-American neoromantic composer"
"the day that Britain declared war on Germany, he began composing ""A Child of Our Time"". His grounding in the traditions of European music guided him instinctively towards the Passions of Bach as his basic musical model. Thus the building blocks of the work are familiar: recitatives, arias, choruses and ensembles, with a male soloist acting as a narrator and the chorus as full participants in the action. Tippett also introduced two other formal number types: the operatic scena and the orchestral interlude, the latter allowing time for reflection on significant events. Tippett wished to punctuate his work with an"
"Mood [formerly Evening and then Impromptu]. New York: Galaxy Music Corp, 1951 (dated Aug. 7, 1941) Little Melody Little Pastorale Offertory in The Organ Portfolio vol. 17/130 (1953). Dayton OH: Lorenz Publishing Co., 1953 Passacaglia and Fugue, January, 1927 A Pleasant Thought, December 10, 1951 Retrospection [formerly An Elf on a Moonbeam]. Paired with The Hour Glass as No. 2 Suite No. 1, by April 6, 1942 Tempo moderato [no title], seriously damaged and possibly incomplete] Variations on a Folksong Florence Price Florence Beatrice Price (April 9, 1887 – June 3, 1953) was an African-American classical composer. She was the"
"Gerald Finzi Gerald Raphael Finzi (14 July 1901 – 27 September 1956) was a British composer. Finzi is best known as a choral composer, but also wrote in other genres. Large-scale compositions by Finzi include the cantata ""Dies natalis"" for solo voice and string orchestra, and his concertos for cello and clarinet. Gerald Finzi was born in London, the son of John Abraham (Jack) Finzi and Eliza Emma (Lizzie) Leverson. Finzi became one of the most characteristically ""English"" composers of his generation. Despite being an agnostic of Jewish descent, several of his choral works incorporate Christian texts. Finzi's father, a"
"No.3 (1995), In My Childhood (1998) and Cello Requiem (2018) as well as his six operas. Chamber music includes two Piano Sonata's, a Violin Sonata, three String Quartets and the Piano Trio: Burnt Norton Sketches (1985) which were later orchestrated by Christopher Austin (1999). Song cycles include Spring 1948 (1956), The Pity of Love (1966), Songs of Old Age (1968), the orchestral song cycle In My Childhood (1998), Another Spring (2008) and The Coming (2010). Music for children and young people includes the opera Finn and the Black Hag (1959), Songs of Unity (1968) written for Methodist College, Belfast and"
"""A Child of Our Time"", and the masses and oratorios of J. S. Bach, Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, Berlioz, Gounod, Dvořák, Elgar, Fauré, Verdi and Mendelssohn. The chorus has taken part in opera productions such as ""Carmen"" (1990), ""Cosi fan tutte"" (1999) and ""The Other Wise Man"" (2000), and is a regular feature in the Singapore Arts Festival. Most recently, the SSC has performed Janáček's ""Glagolitic Mass"" (2004), Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9 in D minor ""Choral"" (2005), Mendelssohn's ""Elijah"" (2005), Beethoven’s ""Missa Solemnis"" in April 2006 and Haydn's ""The Creation"" later in 2006, followed by John Rutter works in the Christmas"
"Priaulx Rainier Ivy Priaulx Rainier (3 February 190310 October 1986) was a South African-British composer. Although she lived most of her life in England and died in France, her compositional style was strongly influenced by the African music remembered from her childhood. She never adopted 12-tone or serial techniques, but her music shows a profound understanding of that musical language. She can be credited with the first truly athematic works composed in England. Her Cello Concerto was premiered by Jacqueline du Pré in 1964, and her Violin Concerto ""Due Canti e Finale"" was premiered by Yehudi Menuhin in 1977. Priaulx"
"such as Native Americans. They were not written at first, but eventually the Shakers created their own form of musical notation, and composers like Issachar Bates became renowned. By the end of the 1840s, Shaker meetings were a popular entertainment for non-Shakers. African-Americans, still mostly enslaved, were not generally allowed to participate, they watched, and were inspired to use African vocal styles and rhythms with the English hymns. These songs were called Negro spirituals. While many were songs praising God or Jesus, others contained coded messages to fellow slaves and rhetoric or symbolically demanding freedom. Spirituals like ""Steal Away To"