Apple pips contain which toxic substance?
"oil, with the oil cake being used to supplement animal feed. Apple seeds are known to contain low concentrations (lower than apricot or almond seeds) of amygdalin, a compound that degrades into Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) when metabolized. Apple seed oil Apple seed oil is a fixed oil found in apple seeds. It is used in the cosmetic and medical industries. A study on apple seed oil was conducted in 2007 which found that apple seeds contain a high amount of both oil and protein (27.5 to 28% and 33.8 to 34.5%, respectively). Analysis of amino acids in apple seeds concluded"
"""apology"", they did restate several of their initial claims in a response to Keith Ripley, another reviewer of the report. For example, the data reported findings of minimal traces of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), an unregulated fire retardant in the Apple computer; the Greenpeace press release said Apple ""appears to be using far more of this toxic chemical than its competitors"". This is despite the fact that the EU Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks concluded in March 2005 that TBBPA ""presents no risk to human health"" and ""the World Health organisation conducted a scientific assessment of TBBPA and found"
"4'-Aminopropiophenone 4'-Aminopropiophenone (""para""-aminopropiophenone or PAPP) is a chemical compound. It is highly toxic, and can cause injury or death upon physical contact or inhalation of fumes. The toxicity of PAPP is derived from its action on circulating hemoglobin, rapidly converting it to methemoglobin (similar to nitrate poisoning). As methemoglobin is not capable of transporting oxygen like hemoglobin, elevated blood levels (methemoglobinemia) will ideally result in hypoxia, coma, and death due to the inhibition of cellular respiration. PAPP was first assessed at the Denver Wildlife Research Centre for its potential as a predator control agent in the United States in the"
"the EPA and is listed as a known carcinogen under California's Prop 65. Its breakdown product, UDMH, is also listed as a Prop 65 carcinogen, while the IARC classifies it as ""possible"" carcinogen, and the EPA classifies it as a ""probable"" carcinogen. The degree of exposure to Alar that makes it dangerous may be extremely high. The lab tests that prompted the scare required an amount of Alar equal to over 5,000 gallons (20,000 L) of apple juice per day. Consumers Union ran its own studies and estimated that the human lifetime cancer risk was 5 cases per million, as"
"isomer. It is found in the coating of apples, and other fruits, and it is responsible for the characteristic green apple odour. Its oxidation by air gives compounds that are damaging to the fruit. The oxidation products injure cell membranes which eventually causes cell death in the outermost cell layers of the fruit, resulting in a storage disorder known as scald. (""Z"",""E"")-α-Farnesene has been isolated from the oil of perilla. Both isomers are also insect semiochemicals; they act as alarm pheromones in termites or food attractants for the apple tree pest, the codling moth. α-Farnesene is also the chief compound"
"radioactive. The 110 feet diameter and 200 feet deep sinkhole dumped this toxin into subterranean caves that lead to the Floridan Aquifer. Drinking water for over ten million Florida residents comes from this aquifer. The company mining the phosphate, IMC-Agrico, now a part of The Mosaic Company, started the sinkhole remediation process immediately. It has spent over $6 million trying to repair the damage to the Florida water supply. On August 27, 2016, the Mosaic Company discovered a giant sinkhole under a gypsum stack. Over 200 million gallons of water contaminated with phosphogypsum disappeared into its 45-foot wide maw. Mulberry,"
"energy use was cut by over 30%, and Apple provided a biogas-powered fuel cell and built rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. They introduced their redesigned AirPort Express with an enclosure containing bio-based polymers derived from industrial-grade rapeseed and post-consumer recycled PC-ABS plastic. Greenpeace has criticized Apple for having products that are seen as unfriendly to the environment. In 2007, Greenpeace wrote an article explaining the hazardous materials that have been found in the iPhone, such as vinyl (PVC) plastic with phthalates, along with brominated compounds. Not only that, but Greenpeace also mentions in a different article from 2004 that Apple had"
"strains of Penicillium, indicating a potential risk in shellfish consumption. A subacute rodent NOAEL of 43 μg/kg body weight as well as genotoxicity studies were primarily the cause for setting limits for patulin exposure, although a range of other types of toxicity also exist. While not a particularly potent toxin, patulin is genotoxic. Some theorize that it may be a carcinogen, although animal studies have remained inconclusive. Patulin has shown antimicrobial properties against some microorganisms. Several countries have instituted patulin restrictions in apple products. The World Health Organization recommends a maximum concentration of 50 µg/L in apple juice. In the"
"Annonacin Annonacin is a chemical compound with toxic effects, especially in the nervous system, found in some fruits such as the paw paw (custard apple), soursop, and others from the family ""Annonaceae"". It is a member of the class of compounds known as acetogenins. Annonacin-containing fruit products are regularly consumed throughout the West Indies for their traditional medicine uses. Historically, plants and fruits of Annonaceae (particularly ""Annona muricata"" and ""Annona squamosa"") have been consumed in various forms throughout the West Indies, usually as hot water extracts of leaves. These annonacin-containing herbal teas are thought to be useful in folk medicine."
"advocacy group Greenpeace claims that the soldering of the iPhone battery into its handset hinders its being recycled. It also states that its scientists found toxic phthalates on iPhone cables, and it holds that this contravenes California's Proposition 65, which requires warning labels on products exposing consumers to phthalates. Because the U.S. has not ratified the Basel Convention or its Ban Amendment, and has no domestic laws forbidding the export of toxic waste, the Basel Action Network estimates that about 80% of the electronic waste directed to recycling in the U.S. does not get recycled there at all, but is"
"European Chemicals Agency (ECA) labels lupinine under the hazard statement codes H302, H312, and H332, which indicate that lupinine is harmful if swallowed, harmful in contact with skin, and harmful if inhaled, respectively. It is given a GHS07 labeling which indicates its acute oral toxicity is category 4. Lupins, the plant genus that produces quinolizidine alkaloids, such as lupinine, are consumed in the ""Monty Python’s Flying Circus"" episode, ""Dennis Moore"", in which they are stolen from the rich and given to the poor and then consumed in “lupin soup, roast lupin, steamed lupin, braised lupin in lupin sauce, lupin in"
"Pi5 (toxin) Pi5 toxin is a peptide found in the venom of the African emperor scorpion ""Pandinus imperator"". Pi5 inhibits human Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 channels as well as ""Drosophila Shaker B"" potassium channels. Pi5 is a peptide that is purified from the venom of the African scorpion ""Pandinus imperator"". Pi in Pi5 is short for the 5th identified peptide of the scorpion ""Pandinus imperator"". As of July 2017, a total of 7 peptides purified from the venom of this scorpion have been characterized (Pi1-7). Pi5 is part of the toxin family α-KTx. KTx is the abbreviation of kaliotoxin, which is"
"to an apple, are green or greenish-yellow when ripe. The fruit is poisonous, as is every other part of the tree. All parts of the tree contain strong toxins, some unidentified. Its milky white sap contains phorbol and other skin irritants, producing strong allergic contact dermatitis. Standing beneath the tree during rain will cause blistering of the skin from mere contact with this liquid (even a small drop of rain with the milky substance in it will cause the skin to blister). The sap has also been known to damage the paint on cars. Burning the tree may cause ocular"
"sensitive to the effects of methoxychlor as an endocrine disruptor. Food contamination may occur at low levels and it is recommended to wash all foods. A number of hazardous waste sites are known to contain methoxychlor. Maximum pesticide residue limits for the EU/UK are set at 0.01 mg/kg for oranges and 0.01 mg/kg for apples. The EPA lists methoxychlor as ""a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemical by the EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program"", and as such it is a waste minimization priority chemical. Tradenames for methoxychlor include ""Chemform"", ""Maralate"", ""Methoxo"", ""Methoxcide"", ""Metox"", and ""Moxie"". Methoxychlor Methoxychlor is a"
"producing Apple products have also been exposed to n-hexane, a neurotoxin that is a cheaper alternative than alcohol for cleaning the products. A 2014 BBC investigation found excessive hours and other problems persisted, despite Apple's promise to reform factory practice after the 2010 Foxconn suicides. The Pegatron factory was once again the subject of review, as reporters gained access to the working conditions inside through recruitment as employees. While the BBC maintained that the experiences of its reporters showed that labor violations were continuing since 2010, Apple publicly disagreed with the BBC and stated: ""We are aware of no other"
"however, it is still an important veterinary problem. Ergot alkaloids have been used pharmaceutically. Patulin is a toxin produced by the ""P. expansum"", ""Aspergillus"", ""Penicillium"", and ""Paecilomyces"" fungal species. ""P. expansum"" is especially associated with a range of moldy fruits and vegetables, in particular rotting apples and figs. It is destroyed by the fermentation process and so is not found in apple beverages, such as cider. Although patulin has not been shown to be carcinogenic, it has been reported to damage the immune system in animals. In 2004, the European Community set limits to the concentrations of patulin in food"
"codlemone. Males responded more strongly to codlemone than females. Common apple volatiles include (""Z"")3-hexenol, (""Z"")3-hexenyl benzoate, (""Z"")3-hexenyl hexanoate, (±)-linalool and ""E"",""E""-""α""-farnesene. Non-apple volatiles include pear ester ethyl (""E"",""Z"")-2,4-decadienoate. (""E"",""E"")-2,4-decadienal is a corresponding aldehyde for (""E"",""Z"")-2,4-decadienoate and is released as a defense mechanism by the fifth instar larvae of the European apple sawfly ""Hoplocampa testudinea."" Apples infested with apple sawflies are unsuitable for codling moth larvae because apple sawflies secrete (E,E)-2,4-decadienal as part of their defense secretion. (E,E)-2,4-decadienal also causes a decrease in codling moth male attraction, so female codling moths are deterred by this volatile. α-farnesene is a major volatile"
"unpublished) cited in There is a data gap on presence or formation of nitrosamines in apple metabolism or during processing. The carcinogen 4-Aminobiphenyl can accompany diphenylamine as an impurity. Diphenylamine has low acute and short-term toxicity to birds, but is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Risk to biological methods of sewage treatment was assessed as low. The impurity in commercial diphenylamine which induces polycystic kidney disease in rats was identified in 1981. Laboratory studies with highly purified diphenylamine indicated that the impurity can be formed by heating diphenylamine. Diphenylamine is considered practically insoluble according to the 2014 MSDS. It exhibits"
"were found in his urine analysis. Ethiofencarb is known to the World Health Organization as a 'highly hazardous' pesticide and the European Union's Nordic Council of Ministers refers to it as 'dangerous to the environment'. This chemical is no longer used or produced within the United States. Ethiofencarb Ethiofencarb is a carbamate insecticide which is useful in controlling aphids on hard and soft fruits and some vegetables. It is not as dangerous as organophosphorous pesticides, but is considered highly toxic to humans in the UK, moderately toxic under US EPA classification, and highly toxic to aquatic life. Carbamates are effective"
"Aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile, also known as β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), is an organic compound with both amine and nitrile functional groups. It is a colourless liquid. The compound occurs naturally and is of interest in the biomedical community. BAPN is the toxic constituent of peas from Lathyrus plants, e.g., lathyrus odoratus. Lathyrism, a disease known for centuries, encompasses 2 distinct entities: a disorder of the nervous system (neurolathyrism) leading to limb paralysis, and a disorder of connective tissue, causing either bone deformity (osteolathyrism) or aortic aneurisms (angiolathyrim). BAPN causes osteolathyrism and angiolathyrism when ingested in large quantities."" It can cause osteolathyrism, neurolathyrism, and/or"
"due to contamined beer in a Mozambique funeral. It is highly toxic because it inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, preventing ATP from leaving the mitochondria and providing energy to the rest of the cell. Bongkrek acid Bongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid) is a respiratory toxin more deadly than other mitochondrial poisons such as cyanide or 2,4-dinitrophenol. There was some dispute regarding the actual structure of bongkrek acid, but this was resolved in 1973, which explains different structures appearing in the literature prior to this date. It is produced in fermented coconut contaminated by the bacterium ""Burkholderia gladioli"" pathovar ""cocovenenans""."
"containers from high school laboratories in the 1980s. Munitions containing picric acid may be found in sunken warships. The buildup of metal picrates over time renders them shock-sensitive and extremely hazardous. It is recommended that wrecks that contain such munitions not be disturbed in any way. The hazard may subside when the shells become corroded enough to admit seawater as these materials are water-soluble. Picric acid Picric acid is an organic compound with the formula (ON)CHOH. Its IUPAC name is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). The name ""picric"" comes from the Greek πικρός (""pikros""), meaning ""bitter"", reflecting its bitter taste. It is one"
"and bioaccumulative toxic chemicals, assessing the phase-out of toxic chemicals such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and adopting a stronger e-waste ""take-back"" and recycling program. On April 21, 2011, Greenpeace released a report highlighting the fact that data centers consumed up to 2% of all global electricity and this amount was projected to increase. Phil Radford of Greenpeace said ""we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today."" On April 17, 2012, following a Greenpeace protest of Apple, Apple Inc."
"Pandinus imperator toxin (Pi4) Pi4 (α-KTx 6.4) is a short toxin from the scorpion ""Pandinus imperator"" that blocks specific potassium channels. The name Pi4 is the fourth toxin isolated from the scorpion ""Pandinus imperator"", from which Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, and Pi7 have also been isolated. Pi4 is a peptide, which consists of 38 amino-acids with the following sequence: IEAIRCGGSRDCYRPCQKRTGCPNAKCINKTCKCYGCS It contains an α-helix and a β-sheet; it is stabilized by four cysteine-pairings that are crosslinked by four short disulfide bridges. The four disulfide bridges are characteristic for the α-KTX6 subfamily, while most other scorpion toxins contain only three disulfide bridges."
"products. They currently stand at 50 μg/kg in all fruit juice concentrations, at 25 μg/kg in solid apple products used for direct consumption, and at 10 μg/kg for children's apple products, including apple juice. Fusarium toxins are produced by over 50 species of ""Fusarium"" and have a history of infecting the grain of developing cereals such as wheat and maize. They include a range of mycotoxins, such as: the fumonisins, which affect the nervous systems of horses and may cause cancer in rodents; the trichothecenes, which are most strongly associated with chronic and fatal toxic effects in animals and humans;"
"potent phorbol ester is 12-""O""-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), also called phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), which is used as a biomedical research tool in models of carcinogenesis. Phorbol is a natural product found in many plants, especially those of the Euphorbiaceae and Thymelaeaceae families. Phorbol is identified as the active constituent of the highly toxic New World tropical manchineel or 'beach apple' ""Hippomane mancinella"". It is very soluble in most polar organic solvents, as well as in water. In the manchineel, this leads to an additional exposure risk during rain, where liquid splashing from an undamaged tree may also be injurious. Contact with the tree"
"Calciseptine Calciseptine (CaS) is a natural neurotoxin isolated from the black mamba ""Dendroaspis p. polylepis"" venom. This toxin consists of 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds. Calciseptine specifically blocks L-type calcium channels, but not other voltage-dependent Ca channels such as N-type and T-type channels. The black mamba (""Dendroaspis polylepis"") is generally considered to be one of the deadliest snakes on the planet, and is responsible for many fatalities throughout its sub-Saharan Africa range. Without treatment, the bite of a Black Mamba causes a 100% mortality rate. The venom of the Black Mamba consists of more than 28 peptides. One"
"Hypoglycin A Hypoglycin A is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative found in the unripened fruit of the Ackee tree (""Blighia sapida"") and in the seeds of the box elder tree (""Acer negundo""). It is toxic if ingested, and is the causative agent of Jamaican vomiting sickness. A 2017 Lancet report established a link between the consumption of unripened lychees (containing hypoglycin A or methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG)) resulting in hypoglycaemia and death from acute toxic encephalopathy. The entirety of the unripe Ackee fruit is toxic and contains large amounts of hypoglycin. The fruit is safe to eat only when the fruit"
"Consumer Reports exceeded the 10-parts-per-billion (ppb) federal limit for arsenic in drinking water. When counting only inorganic arsenic, one of the 80 apple juice samples tested slightly exceeded 10-parts-per-billion limit, at 10.48 ppb. The limits only apply to arsenic levels for drinking water; there are no legal limits for arsenic in fruit juices. After the ""Dr. Oz Show"" aired, the FDA indicated it is continuing to research the levels of arsenic in fruit juices and other foods, and may implement limits for fruit juices in the future. Oz is a spokesman and advisor for the website RealAge.com, which ""The New"
"Penicillium expansum Penicillium expansum is a psychrophilic blue mold that is common throughout the world in soil. It causes Blue Mold of apples, one of the most prevalent and economically damaging post-harvest diseases of apples. Though primarily known as a disease of apples, this plant pathogen can infect a wide range of hosts, including pears, strawberries, tomatoes, corn, and rice. ""Penicillium expansum"" produces the carcinogenic metabolite patulin, a neurotoxin that is harmful when consumed. Patulin is produced by the fungus as a virulence factor as it infects the host. Patulin levels in foods are regulated by the governments of many"
"Carbophenothion Carbophenothion also known as Stauffer R 1303 as for the manufacturer, Stauffer Chemical, is an organophosphorus chemical compound. It was used as a pesticide for citrus fruits under the name of Trithion. Carbophenothion was used as an insecticide and acaricide. Although not used anymore it is still a restricted use pesticide in the United States. The chemical is identified in the US as an extremely hazardous substance according to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. Carbophenothion is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Organophosphates are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and disrupt the signal transduction at the cholinergic synapse. It"
"the acyl carrier protein (ACP), acetyl transferase (AT), ketosynthase (KS), malonyl transferase (MT; which can come carrying a variety of functionalities), ketoreductase (KR), dehydratase (DH), and enoyl reductase (ER). An example of the possible modular biosynthetic pathway detailing the combination of these enzymes and the subsequent modules can be seen in the figure below. Annonacin Annonacin is a chemical compound with toxic effects, especially in the nervous system, found in some fruits such as the paw paw (custard apple), soursop, and others from the family ""Annonaceae"". It is a member of the class of compounds known as acetogenins. Annonacin-containing fruit"
"on the site became ill. Park rangers would complain of headaches, rashes, and odors. The National Park Service requested a thorough analysis of the site's contents from the Environmental Protection Agency. It was closed to the public in 1986 after toxic chemicals were found at 14 separate locations on north of I-271 and south. Upon investigation and testing of the site between 1986 and 1987, many toxic substances were found at the site, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), arsenic, dioxin, heavy metals, and other carcinogens. Thousands of leaking drums were found on the property. These drums contained waste"