"""The Concept of Irony"" was a 1820s philosophical work by which Dane?"
"of Socratic irony. In the shorter Part Two of the dissertation, Kierkegaard compares Socratic irony with contemporary interpretations of irony. Here, he offers analysis of major 19th century writers and philosophers including Fichte, Schlegel, and Hegel. One English translation of the book also contains his notes on Schelling's Berlin Lectures of 1841, which Kierkegaard attended shortly after he had finished his dissertation. On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates () is Søren Kierkegaard's 1841 doctoral thesis under . This thesis is the culmination of three years of"
"is to be established lies behind it... Where much of philosophy attempts to reconcile opposites into a larger positive project, Kierkegaard and others insist that irony—whether expressed in complex games of authorship or simple litotes—must, in Kierkegaard's words, ""swallow its own stomach"". Irony entails endless reflection and violent reversals, and ensures incomprehensibility at the moment it compels speech. Similarly, among other literary critics, writer David Foster Wallace viewed the pervasiveness of ironic and other postmodern tropes as the cause of ""great despair and stasis in U.S. culture, and that for aspiring fictionists [ironies] pose terrifically vexing problems."" The '90s saw"
"Post-irony Post-irony (from Latin ""post"" (after) and Ancient Greek """", meaning dissimulation (or feigned ignorance)) is a term used to connote a state in which earnest and ironic intents become muddled. Confusingly, it may less commonly refer to its converse: a return from irony to earnestness, similar to New Sincerity. Examples of post-ironic artwork include South African band Die Antwoord, the British television show Garth Marenghi's Darkplace and the Werner Herzog film """". Noted surreal humor comedian Tim Heidecker portrays a man living a post-ironic lifestyle in ""The Comedy"". In literature, David Foster Wallace is often described as the founder"
"in name that this irony bears a fundamental resemblance to Kierkegaard's, which also aristocratically ""chooses to be misunderstood"". The Ego of genius is the truth, if not in the sense in which Kierkegaard would have us understand his proposition, ""Subjectivity is the truth"", still in the sense that the Ego has every externally valid commandment and prohibition in its power; and, to the astonishment and scandal of the world, invariably expresses itself in paradoxes. Irony is ""divine audacity"". In audacity thus comprehended there are endless possibilities. It is freedom from prejudice, yet it suggests the possibility of the most audacious"
"to think that Hegel's and Kierkegaard's views on philosophy of religion or political theory are the same or are consistent with each other. But this abstract comparison of their views does not explain what is at issue in the text. The main point of the references to Hegel here is to criticize Heiberg and Martensen and not any particular doctrine in Hegel's philosophy."" He says this becomes more clear when ""Fear and Trembling"" is compared to """"The Concept of Irony"""". In 1838 Kierkegaard wrote, A famous dispute arose in France when Emmanuel Levinas criticized Kierkegaard and Jacques Derrida defended him."
"Culture of Denmark The culture of Denmark has a rich intellectual and artistic heritage. The astronomical discoveries of Tycho Brahe (1546–1601), Ludwig A. Colding's (1815–1888) neglected articulation of the principle of conservation of energy, and the foundational contributions to atomic physics of Niels Bohr (1885–1962); in this century Lene Vestergaard Hau (born 1959) in quantum physics involving the stopping of light, advances in nano-technology, and contributions to the understanding of Bose-Einstein Condensates, demonstrate the range and endurance of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), the short stories of"
"Søren Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( ; ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a ""single individual"", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics"
"familiar 19th-century heroic soloist's role thus requires careful consideration of balance in performance. But as music writer Edward Dent comments: Adam Oehlenschläger's verse drama ""Aladdin, or the Magic Lamp"" was first published in Danish in 1805. The play has a number of parallels with the works and ideas of Goethe, such as the ""Faust""-figure of the wicked magician Noureddin who takes advantage of Aladdin's youth and inexperience to get hold of the wonderful lamp; Goethe was also much preoccupied with Plato's philosophy, including his theory of Forms and the Parable of the cave. During his travels in Germany in 1805-6,"
"O'Connor, Walker Percy, Rainer Maria Rilke, J.D. Salinger and John Updike. What George Henry Price wrote in his 1963 book ""The Narrow Pass"" regarding the ""who"" and the ""what"" of Kierkegaard still seems to hold true today: ""Kierkegaard was the sanest man of his generation...Kierkegaard was a schizophrenic...Kierkegaard was the greatest Dane...the difficult Dane...the gloomy Dane...Kierkegaard was the greatest Christian of the century...Kierkegaard's aim was the destruction of the historic Christian faith...He did not attack philosophy as such...He negated reason...He was a voluntarist...Kierkegaard was the Knight of Faith...Kierkegaard never found faith...Kierkegaard possessed the truth...Kierkegaard was one of the damned."" Kierkegaard"
"wife into their house, Bakkehuset (now part of the Danish Maritime Safety Administration). He was educated at the University of Copenhagen, and his first publication, entitled ""The Theatre for Marionettes"" (1814), included two romantic dramas. This was followed by ""Christmas Jokes and New Years Tricks"" (1816), ""The Initiation of Psyche"" (1817), and ""The Prophecy of Tycho Brahe"", a satire on the eccentricities of the Romantic writers, especially on the sentimentality of Ingemann. These works attracted attention at a time when Baggesen, Oehlenschläger and Ingemann possessed the popular ear, and were understood at once to be the opening of a great"
"possesses; in the same way the Law defines and defines but never arrives at the sum, which is love."" Loving the neighbor has a ""double danger."" The same with faith and hope. We not only wish that we could have love and peace but that our neighbor can have the same because its a free gift from God. He nicely summed up the idea he had in his 1847 book ""Works of Love"". Theology of Søren Kierkegaard Søren Kierkegaard's theology has been a major influence in the development of 20th century theology. Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a 19th-century Danish philosopher"
"and ""A Folk Tale"" (1854). He drew on a number of different composers including Holger Simon Paulli and Niels Gade. The ballets are widely performed today, not only in Denmark but worldwide, especially in the United States. During Denmark's Golden Age, literature centred on Romantic thinking. It was introduced in 1802 by the philosopher Henrik Steffens who gave a successful series of lectures at Elers Kollegium. He presented the main themes of German romanticism, emphasising the relationship between nature, history and mankind. The movement was maintained by the romanticists, especially Adam Oehlenschläger (1779–1850). Remembered today for his ""Digte"" (1803) and"
"their 1910 issue. ""Kierkegaard, Soren Aaby (1813–1855) Danish philosopher, the seventh child of a Jutland hosier, was born in Copenhagen on the 5th of May 1813. As a boy he was delicate precocious and morbid in temperament. He studied theology at the university of Copenhagen, where he graduated in 1840 with a treatise On Irony. For two years he travelled in Germany, and in 1842 settled finally in Copenhagen, where he died on the 11th of November 1855. He had lived in studious retirement, subject to physical suffering and depression. His first volume, ""Papers of a Still Living Man"" (1838),"
"for the comedies he wrote in 1722–1723. Among the most popular are ""Jean de France"" and ""Erasmus Montanus"", both in the satirical style of Molière with pretentious, stereotyped characters. The first is about a Dane who, after picking up notions of the French language and lifestyle while in Paris, tries to impress his countrymen on his return to Denmark. The second presents Rasmus Berg, the son of a farmer. On completing his college education, he Latinized his name to Montanus and became a menace to his family and neighbours with all he has learned. Neoclassical poetry, drama, and the essay"
"is an elaborate parody of the often bafflingly cryptic philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Hegel; however, some scholars, such as Gregor Malantschuk, have suggested otherwise (""Armed Neutrality and An Open Letter"", Simon and Schuster, 1969, pp. 65–6 and n. 7 on pp. 165–6). The Sickness Unto Death The Sickness Unto Death () is a book written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1849 under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus. A work of Christian existentialism, the book is about Kierkegaard's concept of despair, which he equates with the Christian concept of sin, particularly original sin. Anti-Climacus introduces the book with a reference to Gospel"
"Hans Christian Andersen, known for his stories and fairy tales, e.g. ""The Ugly Duckling"", ""The Little Mermaid"" and ""The Snow Queen"". In recent history Johannes Vilhelm Jensen was also awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Karen Blixen is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are Herman Bang, Gustav Wied, William Heinesen, Martin Andersen Nexø, Piet Hein, Hans Scherfig, Klaus Rifbjerg, Dan Turèll, Tove Ditlevsen, Inger Christensen and Peter Høeg. Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of Western philosophy. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was Søren Kierkegaard, the creator of Christian existentialism."
"(1855). Danish philosophy was dominated in the first half of the 19th century by the influence of Hegel and Hegelianism. Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791–1860), Frederik Christian Sibbern (1785–1872), and especially Hans Lassen Martensen (1803–1884), all of whom contributed to the popularity of Hegel's idealism in various academic disciplines, though Hegel's influence significantly declined by 1850. The primary critic of Hegelianism, and the most important philosopher in Denmark at the time, was Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), an existentialist philosopher and a theologian. Much of Kierkegaard's philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives, focusing on the priority of concrete human"
"reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. His principal aesthetic works include Either/Or (""Enten-Eller"") (1843), Philosophical Fragments (""Philosophiske Smuler"") (1844), Stages on Life's Way (""Stadier paa Livets Vei"") (1845) and Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments (""Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift"") (1846). Opposing Hegelian philosophy, they promote the existential approach which raises the individual's awareness of God but intensifies his despair at not being able to achieve eternal truth. His religious works include Works of Love (""Kjerlighedens Gjerninger"") (1847) and Practice in Christianity ""(Indøvelse i Christendom)"" (1850). Another important figure in Danish philosophy was N. F."
"with authors such as philosopher Henrik Steffens and the poet Bernhard Severin Ingemann (1789–1862). One of the most important figures in Danish literary culture was Nikolaj Grundtvig (1783–1872). Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875) is remembered first and foremost for his fairy tales, written between 1835 and 1872. Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was an existentialist philosopher and a theologian. Modern Breakthrough was a strong Scandinavian movement covering naturalism and debating literature towards the end of the 19th century (1870–1890), led by Georg Brandes (1842–1927). Henrik Pontoppidan (1857–1943) became a Nobel prize winner in 1917 for ""his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark."""
"29 September 1841, Kierkegaard wrote and defended his dissertation, ""On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates"". The university panel considered it noteworthy and thoughtful, but too informal and witty for a serious academic thesis. The thesis dealt with irony and Schelling's 1841 lectures, which Kierkegaard had attended with Mikhail Bakunin, Jacob Burckhardt, and Friedrich Engels; each had come away with a different perspective. Kierkegaard graduated from university on 20 October 1841 with a Magister Artium. He was able to fund his education, his living, and several publications of his early works with his family's inheritance of approximately"
"pity within the humour. Storm P. is also well known in Denmark as the author of a number of comics (titles in Danish): Storm P. was also an occasional freelance actor and performed in several early Danish silent movies. He later acted in stage comedies to supplement his income. In 1920 Petersen created the first Danish animated cartoon titled ""Tre små mænd"" (English: ""Three Little Men""). He also designed scenery for ballets and plays. Robert Storm Petersen Robert Storm Petersen (September 19, 1882 – March 6, 1949) was a Danish cartoonist, writer, animator, illustrator, painter and humorist. He is known"
"known to have had a dark satirical sense of humour, which came out in his drawings. As professor at the Academy he introduced his Neoclassical theories to artistic students. Among his many students was Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, future Director of the Academy and instructor for Bertel Thorvaldsen, and undoubtedly Danmark's most renowned sculptor. From Adam Oehlenschlæger's poem written in 1803 in memory of Johannes Wiedewelt. ""Taus hun sukker""<br> ""Bølgen mildt sig lukker""<br> ""om den gamle Tindings sølvgråe Haar.""<br> ""Hun forsvinder.""<br> ""Dagen bleg oprinder;""<br> ""Hist paa Frihedsstøtten Lærken slaaer.""<br> <br> ""Troskab græder""<br> ""I de hvide Marmorklæder""<br> ""Kold og bleg, den ranke"
"flourished during the 18th century influenced by French and English trends. German influence is seen in the verse of the leading poets of the late 18th century such as Johannes Ewald and Jens Baggesen. Other 18th century writers include the pietist hymn writer Hans Adolph Brorson and the witty, satirical poet Johan Herman Wessel. During Denmark's Golden Age (1800–1850), literature centred on Romantic thinking. It was introduced in 1802 by the philosopher Henrik Steffens who gave a successful series of lectures at Elers Kollegium. He presented the main themes of German romanticism, emphasising the relationship between nature, history and mankind."
"concept of individuality. Martin Heidegger sparsely refers to Kierkegaard in ""Being and Time"" (1927), obscuring how much he owes to him. Walter Kaufmann discussed Sartre, Jaspers, and Heidegger in relation to Kierkegaard, and Kierkegaard in relation to the crisis of religion in the 1960s. Later, Kierkegaard's ""Fear and Trembling"" (Series Two) and ""The Sickness Unto Death"" (Series Three) were included in the Penguin Great Ideas Series (Two and Three). Kierkegaard has been called a philosopher, a theologian, the Father of Existentialism, both atheistic and theistic variations, a literary critic, a social theorist, a humorist, a psychologist, and a poet. Two"
"in 1520. Karl Popper, who considered himself to be a disciple of Socrates, wrote about ""the Socratic problem"" in his book ""The Open Society and Its Enemies"". Søren Kierkegaard addressed ""the Socratic problem"" in Theses II, III and VII of his ""On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates"". The German classical scholar Friedrich Schleiermacher addressed the ""Socratic problem"" in his essay ""The worth of Socrates as a philosopher"". Schleiermacher maintained that the two dialogues ""Apology"" and ""Crito"" are purely Socratic. They were, therefore, accurate historical portrayals of the real man, and hence history and not Platonic philosophy"
"of the Christ myth theory. He published ""Die Jesus Sage"" which was translated as ""Jesus: A Myth"" in 1926. He was an atheist. Brandes stands as one of the most influential inspirations of Danish culture, an equal of Holberg, Grundtvig and Ansgar. Among his supporters, Brandes' work was seen as a liberator from repressive norms, authority and hypocrisy, and he served as an inspiration for many contemporary writers. On the other hand, conservative circles condemned him as an immoral, unpatriotic and subversive blasphemer; as he became the lynchpin of criticism against modernity in its entirety. At the same time, some"
"theology with elements of Platonic philosophy. He shares this in common with one of his favourite writers, Benjamin Whichcote, the first of the Cambridge Platonists. He was also a eugenicist and wrote considerably on the subject. In his book ""Outspoken Essays"" he devotes an entire chapter to this subject. He was nicknamed The Gloomy Dean because of his pessimistic views in his Romanes Lecture of 1920, ""The Idea of Progress"" and in his ""Evening Standard"" articles and he is remembered as a supporter of animal rights. The following bibliography is a selection taken mainly from Adam Fox's biography ""Dean Inge"""
"writer; he now published his ""Dänische Geschichte"" (1840–1843), a historical work of the first rank; and this was soon followed by histories of the English and French revolutions, which, though of less scientific value, exercised a decisive influence upon public opinion by their open advocacy of the system of constitutional monarchy. As a teacher too he was much beloved. Though no orator, and in spite of a personality not particularly amiable or winning, he produced a profound impression upon young men by the pregnancy of his expression, a consistent logical method of thought based on Immanuel Kant and by the"
"""On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates"" (1841), Kierkegaard left Copenhagen in October 1841 to spend the winter in Berlin. The main purpose of this visit was to attend the lectures by the German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, who was an eminent figure at the time. The lectures turned out to be a disappointment for many in Schelling's audience, including Mikhail Bakunin and Friedrich Engels, and Kierkegaard described it as ""unbearable nonsense"". During his stay, Kierkegaard worked on the manuscript for ""Either/Or"", took daily lessons to perfect his German and attended operas and plays, particularly by"
"field holds many skilled practitioners and the styles has diversified greatly. The principal contributors to Danish literature are undoubtedly Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875) with his fairy tales, the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), storyteller Karen Blixen (1885–1962), playwright Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), and modern authors such as Henrik Pontoppidan and Herman Bang. Among today's Danish writers, probably the best-known to international readers is Peter Høeg (Smilla's Sense of Snow; Borderliners). Benny Andersen writes poems, short stories, and music. Poems by both writers have been translated into English by the Curbstone Press. Klaus Rifbjerg has published over 100 novels as well as poetry,"
"of course, came on the heels of many, many centuries of excessive speculation upon excessive speculation not grounded in empirical observation and testing. Many of Hume's radically skeptical arguments were argued against, but not resolutely refuted, by Immanuel Kant's ""Critique of Pure Reason"" in the late 18th century. Hume's arguments continue to hold a strong lingering influence and certainly on the consciousness of the educated classes for the better part of the 19th century when the argument at the time became the focus on whether or not the inductive method was valid. Hans Christian Ørsted, (Ørsted is the Danish spelling;"
"well as its overall cinematic self-consciousness."" Writing about performances of Shakespeare's ""Othello"" in apartheid South Africa, Robert Gordon suggests: ""Could it be that black people in the audience ... may have viewed as a comic irony his audacity and naïvety in thinking he could pass for white."" Romantic irony is ""an attitude of detached scepticism adopted by an author towards his or her work, typically manifesting in literary self-consciousness and self-reflection"". This conception of irony originated with the German Romantic writer and critic Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel. Joseph Dane writes ""From a twentieth-century perspective, the most crucial area in the"
"Helhesten or ""hell-horse,"" and was a contributor to its journal. In 1939, he wrote the key theoretical essay, ""Intimate Banalities,"" published in Helhesten, which claimed that the future of art was kitsch and praised amateur landscape paintings as ""the best art today."" He was also the first person to translate Franz Kafka into Danish. After the war, he complained that opportunities for critical thinking within the context of the communist arena had been curtailed by what he characterised as a centralised bourgeois political control. Finding this unacceptable, he broke with the Communist Party of Denmark, although he did not hand"