"What does the Latin phrase ""cogito ergo sum"" mean?"
"message of the book is the importance of exploring new ideas beyond the ones that have been traditionally passed down. The title word ""Sum"" refers to the Latin for ""I am,"" as in ""Cogito ergo sum"". Like Italo Calvino's ""Invisible Cities"", ""Sum"" does not fit entirely into the traditional category of a novel. ""Sum"" has been called ""philosofiction"", an ""experimental novel"", and ""a collection of thought experiments"". Most of the stories are understood to ""posit the afterlife as mirroring life on Earth"" The New York Times Book Review called Sum a ""delightful, thought-provoking little collection [which] belongs to that category"
"Gómez Pereira Gómez Pereira (1500–1567) was a Spanish philosopher, doctor, and natural humanist from Medina del Campo. Pereira worked hard to dispel medieval concepts of medicine and proposed the application of empirical methods; as for his philosophy, it is of the standard direction and his reasonings are a clear precedent of René Descartes. He was the first to propose the famous """"Cogito ergo sum"""", in 1554, commonly attributed to Descartes. He was famous for his practice of medicine, although he had many diverse occupations, such as owning businesses, engineering, and philosophy. Not much is known of his life, because there"
"senses. For instance, his famous dictum, ""cogito ergo sum"" or ""I think, therefore I am"", is a conclusion reached ""a priori"" i.e., prior to any kind of experience on the matter. The simple meaning is that doubting one's existence, in and of itself, proves that an ""I"" exists to do the thinking. In other words, doubting one's own doubting is absurd. This was, for Descartes, an irrefutable principle upon which to ground all forms of other knowledge. Descartes posited a metaphysical dualism, distinguishing between the substances of the human body (""""res extensa"""") and the mind or soul (""""res cogitans""""). This"
"Je lutte donc je suis Je lutte donc je suis (French: ""I fight therefore I am"") is a documentary film about social and political struggles in Greece and Spain, realized by Yannis Youlountas, in September 2015, in France. The title is made from the aphorisme of the philosopher René Descartes ""Cogito ergo sum"" (I think therefore I am). Although it was not distributed by any mainstream company, it has had a very large success, and has been shown to numerous theaters, festivals, in France and in Europe. It received two awards. The film is available under a Creative Commons license."
"he sought a metaphysical foundation or a mechanical explanation for his theories about matter and motion. Cartesian space was Euclidean in structure—infinite, uniform and flat. It was defined as that which contained matter; conversely, matter by definition had a spatial extension so that there was no such thing as empty space. The Cartesian notion of space is closely linked to his theories about the nature of the body, mind and matter. He is famously known for his ""cogito ergo sum"" (I think therefore I am), or the idea that we can only be certain of the fact that we can"
"Nîmes. On 4 October 2016, the film received the award ""Solidarity film"" from the Human Rights Ligue in Orly. Je lutte donc je suis Je lutte donc je suis (French: ""I fight therefore I am"") is a documentary film about social and political struggles in Greece and Spain, realized by Yannis Youlountas, in September 2015, in France. The title is made from the aphorisme of the philosopher René Descartes ""Cogito ergo sum"" (I think therefore I am). Although it was not distributed by any mainstream company, it has had a very large success, and has been shown to numerous theaters,"
"Cogers The Society of Cogers (pronounced KOE-jers) is a free speech society, established in 1755 in the City of London. It is the oldest debating society in the world and one of the oldest speaking gatherings of any kind. The name ""Cogers"" comes from Descartes' famous assertion, ""Cogito ergo sum"" (I think, therefore I am). As a ""Society of Thinkers"", the Cogers is dedicated to the philosophy of letting everyone express their thoughts. The aims of the Cogers were the promotion of the liberty of the subject and the freedom of the Press, the maintenance of loyalty to the laws,"
"the Latin verb ""ago, agere, egi, actum"" ""to drive on, set in motion"", for example of cattle. The meaning is ""(those things/that thing) which must be driven forward"". What is now known in English as an ""agenda"" is a list of individual items which must be ""acted upon"" or processed, usually those matters which must be discussed at a business meeting. Although the Latin word is in a plural form, as a borrowed word in English, the word is singular and has a plural of ""agendas"". An agenda lists the items of business to be taken up during a meeting"
"Summum bonum Summum bonum is a Latin expression meaning ""the highest good"", which was introduced by the Roman philosopher Cicero, to correspond to the Idea of the Good in ancient Greek philosophy. The ""summum bonum"" is generally thought of as being an end in itself, and at the same time containing all other goods. The term was used in medieval philosophy. In the Thomist synthesis of Aristotelianism and Christianity, the highest good is usually defined as the life of the righteous and/or the life led in communion with God and according to God's precepts. In Kantianism, it was used to"
"Cogito (magazine) Cogito is a philosophical magazine published by Nefeli publications (Athens, Greece) and a member of the Eurozine network. It was founded in 2004 with the intention of making philosophy accessible to the lay reader without compromising it through oversimplification. ""Cogito"" is therefore an attempt to approach everyday issues and themes through a philosophically rigorous lens. Contributors, most of them professional philosophers but also academics from a variety of disciplines,as well as writers, consider such varied topics as colors, taste, gardens, cinema, desire and love, art and aesthetics, and logical paradoxes. Each issue, consisting of a number of articles,"
"Erga omnes Erga omnes is a Latin phrase which means ""towards all"" or ""towards everyone"". In legal terminology, ""erga omnes"" rights or obligations are owed ""toward all"". For instance, a property right is an ""erga omnes"" entitlement, and therefore enforceable against anybody infringing that right. An ""erga omnes"" right (a statutory right) can here be distinguished from a right based on contract, unenforceable except against the contracting party. In international law, it has been used as a legal term describing obligations owed by states towards the community of states as a whole. An ""erga omnes"" obligation exists because of the"
"Civis romanus sum The Latin phrase civis romanus sum (""cīvis rōmānus sum"") (, ""I am (a) Roman citizen"") is a phrase used in Cicero's ""In Verrem"" as a plea for the legal rights of a Roman citizen. When travelling across the Roman Empire, safety was said to be guaranteed to anyone who declared, ""civis romanus sum"". In the New Testament book of Acts, Paul the Apostle, when imprisoned and on trial, claimed his right as a Roman citizen to be tried before Caesar, and the judicial process had to be suspended until he was taken to Rome:""22 Up to this"
"Incorrigibility In philosophy, incorrigibility is a property of a philosophical proposition, which implies that it is necessarily true simply by virtue of being believed. A common example of such a proposition is René Descartes' ""cogito ergo sum"" (""I think, therefore I am""). Johnathan Harrison has argued that ""incorrigible"" may be the wrong term, since it seems to imply (by the dictionary definition) a sense that the beliefs cannot be ""changed"", which isn't actually true. In Harrison's view, the incorrigibility of a proposition actually implies something about the nature of ""believing""—for example, that one must exist in order to believe—rather than"
"maxim of Cassius apply."" American sociologist Peter Blau has used the concept of ""cui bono"" to differentiate organizations by whom has primarily benefited: owners; members; specific others; or the general society. General: Cui bono Cui bono? (), literally ""to whom is it a benefit?"", is a Latin phrase about identifying crime suspects. It expresses the utilitarian view that crimes usually benefit their perpetrators, especially financially. Which party benefits may not be obvious, and there may be a scapegoat. The phrase is a double dative construction. It can also be rendered as ""cui prodest?"" (""whom does it profit?"") and ""ad cuius"
"standing as ""otium"". Dignitas (Roman concept) Dignitas is a Latin word referring to a unique, intangible, and culturally subjective social concept in the ancient Roman mindset. The word does not have a direct translation in English. Some interpretations include ""dignity"", which is a ""derivation"" from ""dignitas"", and ""prestige"" or ""charisma"". With respect to ancient Rome, ""dignitas"" was regarded as the sum of the personal clout and influence that a male citizen acquired throughout his life. When weighing the ""dignitas"" of a particular individual, factors such as personal reputation, moral standing, and ethical worth had to be considered, along with the"
"(""εγώ"") and subsequently its Latinised ego (""ego""), meaning ""self"" or ""I,"" and ""-ism"", used to denote a system of belief. As such, the term shares early etymology with egoism. Egotism Egotism is the drive to maintain and enhance favorable views of oneself, and generally features an inflated opinion of one's personal features and importance. It often includes intellectual, physical, social and other overestimations. The egotist has an overwhelming sense of the centrality of the 'Me', that is to say of their personal qualities. Egotism means placing oneself at the centre of one's world with no concern for others, including those"
"Suum cuique """" ( ), or ""Unicuique suum"", is a Latin phrase often translated as ""to each his own"" or ""may all get their due"". It has been significant in the history of philosophy and as a motto. The Latin phrase relates to an old Greek principle of justice which translates literally into English as ""to each his own"". Plato, in ""Republic"", offers the provisional definition that ""justice is when everyone minds his own business, and refrains from meddling in others' affairs"" (Greek: ""...τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν καὶ μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν δικαιοσύνη ἐστί..."", 4.433a). Everyone should do according to his abilities"
"Tantum ergo Tantum ergo is the incipit of the last two verses of ""Pange lingua"", a Medieval Latin hymn written by St Thomas Aquinas c. 1264. The ""Genitori genitoque"" and ""Procedenti ab utroque"" portions are adapted from Adam of Saint Victor's sequence for Pentecost. The hymn's Latin incipit literally translates to “Therefore so great.” The singing of ""Tantum ergo"" occurs during veneration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion. It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted. A century-old translation and still used in Catholic"
"Bellum se ipsum alet The Latin phrase bellum se ipsum alet () or bellum se ipsum alit (, ), and its German rendering ""Der Krieg ernährt den Krieg"" describe the military strategy of feeding and funding armies primarily with the resources of occupied territories. The phrase, coined by Ancient Roman statesman Cato the Elder, is primarily associated with the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). The phrase ""bellum se ipsum alit"" was first mentioned in ""Ab urbe condita libri"" XXXIV,9,12, written by Roman historian Titus Livius (Livy) (59 BC-17 AD), who attributed it to Cato Marcus Porcius (""the Elder"", 234–149 BC), a"
"focus on the beatific vision after death. The 13th century pope Innocent III wrote about the essential misery of earthly existence in his """"On the misery of the human condition"""" – a view that was disputed by, for example, Giannozzo Manetti in his treatise """"On human dignity."""" A famous quote of Shakespeare's Hamlet (II, ii, 115-117), expressing the contrast of human physical beauty, intellectual faculty, and ephemeral nature: René Descartes famously and succinctly proposed: ""Cogito ergo sum"" (French: """"Je pense donc je suis""""; English: """"I think, therefore I am""""). The Enlightenment was driven by a renewed conviction, that, in the"
"Labor omnia vincit Labor omnia vincit is a Latin phrase meaning ""Work conquers all"". The phrase is adapted from Virgil's ""Georgics"", Book I, line 145–6: ""...Labor omnia vicit / improbus"" (""Steady work overcame all things""). The poem was written in support of Augustus Caesar's ""Back to the land"" policy, aimed at encouraging more Romans to become farmers. . The actual meaning of the phrase can be obtained as the following: ""anything can be achieved if proper work is applied"". A frequent motto within the U.S labor movement, the phrase is a historically significant slogan. Used by the earliest U.S labor"
"Pars pro toto Pars pro toto (; ), Latin for ""a part (taken) for the whole"", is a figure of speech where the name of a ""portion"" of an object, place, or concept represents its ""entirety"". It is distinct from a merism, which is a reference to a whole by an enumeration of parts; metonymy, where an object, place, or concept is called by something or some place associated with the object, place, or concept; or synecdoche, which can refer both to this and its inverse: the whole representing a part. In the context of language, ""pars pro toto"" means"
"the country). Tantum ergo Tantum ergo is the incipit of the last two verses of ""Pange lingua"", a Medieval Latin hymn written by St Thomas Aquinas c. 1264. The ""Genitori genitoque"" and ""Procedenti ab utroque"" portions are adapted from Adam of Saint Victor's sequence for Pentecost. The hymn's Latin incipit literally translates to “Therefore so great.” The singing of ""Tantum ergo"" occurs during veneration and benediction of the Blessed Sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church and other denominations that have this devotion. It is usually sung, though solemn recitation is sometimes done, and permitted. A century-old translation and still used"
"in the plural, such as ""cohortalini"" (apparently the diminutive of ""cohortalis"", the very term suggesting significant number; see ""cohors amicorum""). Officium (ancient Rome) Officium (plural ""officia"") is a Latin word with various meanings in ancient Rome, including ""service"", ""(sense of) duty"", ""courtesy"", ""ceremony"" and the like. It also translates the Greek ""kathekon"" and was used in later Latin to render more modern offices. However, this article is mainly concerned with the meaning of ""an office"" (the modern word ""office"" derives from it) or ""bureau"" in the sense of a dignitary's staff of administrative and other collaborators, each of whom was"
"As a critic of Cartesian subjectivity, Heidegger sought to ground human subjectivity in death as that certainty which individualizes and authenticates our being. As he wrote in 1927: ""This certainty, that ""I myself am in that I will die,"" is the basic certainty of Dasein itself. It is a genuine statement of Dasein, while ""cogito sum"" is only the semblance of such a statement. If such pointed formulations mean anything at all, then the appropriate statement pertaining to Dasein in its being would have to be ""sum moribundus"" [I am in dying], ""moribundus"" not as someone gravely ill or wounded,"
"rather than of quantity. Magis Magis (pronounced ""màh-gis"") is a Latin word that means ""more"" or ""greater"". It is related to ""ad majorem Dei gloriam"", a Latin phrase meaning ""for the greater glory of God"", the motto of the Society of Jesus. Magis refers to the philosophy of doing more for Christ, and therefore doing more for others. It is an expression of an aspiration and inspiration. It relates to forming the ideal society centered on Jesus Christ. Modern use of the word is often traced to St. Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises or retreat, where he would have the exercitant ask:"
"In hoc signo vinces ""In hoc signo vinces"" (; ) is a Latin phrase meaning ""In this sign you will conquer"", often also rendered in early modern English as ""In this sign thou shalt conquer"". It is a translation, or rendering, of the Greek phrase """", transliterated as """"en toútōi níka"""" (, ), literally meaning ""in this, conquer"". Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author (c. 240 – c. 320) who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I (and tutor to his son), guiding the Emperor's religious policy as it developed during his reign."
"meaning in Latin, but is Dog Latin. In other words, this is a Latin-English pun and this sentence can only be mock-translated. The first word ""illegitimi"" or ""illegitimis"" is the plural of ""illegitimus"", which actually translates to ""unlawful"" or ""outlaw"" but resembles the English ""illegitimate"". The second word is a straightforward negation. The third word ""Carborundum"" sounds like an industrial abrasive material also known as silicon carbide used in industry since 1890, hence the meaning of “grinding”. This is not a Latin word, but because the ending of ""carborundum"" looks like Latin gerundive, the word is read as “fit to"
"Roman Republic. Sometimes the phrase is used by Marx and Engels. It was also used by Friedrich Nietzsche in ""On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense"" (1873): Bellum omnium contra omnes , a Latin phrase meaning ""the war of all against all"", is the description that Thomas Hobbes gives to human existence in the state of nature thought experiment that he conducts in ""De Cive"" (1642) and ""Leviathan"" (1651). The common modern English usage is a war of ""each against all"" where war is rare and terms such as ""competition"" or ""struggle"" are more common. In ""Leviathan"" itself, Hobbes"
"many occurrences in Latin writings of the phrase ""conscius sibi"", which translates literally as ""knowing with oneself"", or in other words ""sharing knowledge with oneself about something"". This phrase had the figurative meaning of ""knowing that one knows"", as the modern English word ""conscious"" does. In its earliest uses in the 1500s, the English word ""conscious"" retained the meaning of the Latin ""conscius"". For example, Thomas Hobbes in ""Leviathan"" wrote: ""Where two, or more men, know of one and the same fact, they are said to be Conscious of it one to another."" The Latin phrase ""conscius sibi"", whose meaning"
"Ad infinitum Ad infinitum is a Latin phrase meaning ""to infinity"" or ""forevermore"". In context, it usually means ""continue forever, without limit"" and this can be used to describe a non-terminating process, a non-terminating ""repeating"" process, or a set of instructions to be repeated ""forever,"" among other uses. It may also be used in a manner similar to the Latin phrase ""et cetera"" to denote written words or a concept that continues for a lengthy period beyond what is shown. Examples include: <poem> The vermin only teaze and pinch Their foes superior by an inch. So, naturalists observe, a flea"
"Vi coactus Vi Coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning ""having been forced"" or ""having been compelled"". In Latin, ""cōgō"" means ""to compel"" or ""to force"". The passive participle of ""cōgō"" is ""coāctus"", meaning ""having been forced"" or ""having been compelled"". ""Vi Coactus"" or ""V.C."" is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under duress. The signer uses such marking at the start of their signature to signal that the agreement was made under duress, and that it is their belief that it invalidates their signature. Cornelis de Witt, a Dutch 17th century statesman, was forced to"
"preparing the world for the coming of Christ. The great poets of this age were viewed as a source of revelation and light upon the Christian mysteries to come. The word ""seclorum"" does not mean ""secular"", as one might assume, but is the genitive (possessive) plural form of the word ""saeculum"", meaning (in this context) generation, century, or age. ""Saeculum"" did come to mean ""age, world"" in late, Christian Latin, and ""secular"" is derived from it, through ""secularis"". However, the adjective ""secularis,"" meaning ""worldly,"" is not equivalent to the genitive plural ""seclorum,"" meaning ""of the ages."" Thus the motto ""Novus"