What is the surname of the title character in Thomas Hardy's novel 'Jude The Obscure'?
"Jude the Obscure Jude the Obscure is a novel by Thomas Hardy, which began as a magazine serial in December 1894 and was first published in book form in 1895. It is Hardy's last completed novel. Its protagonist, Jude Fawley, is a working-class young man, a stonemason, who dreams of becoming a scholar. The other main character is his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is also his central love interest. The novel is concerned in particular with issues of class, education, religion, and marriage. The novel tells the story of Jude Fawley, who lives in a village in southern England (part"
"Fawley, Berkshire Fawley is a village and civil parish in West Berkshire, England. The hub of the village is centred east of Lambourn and has a sub-community within its bounds, Little or South Fawley. It includes a depopulated small hill settlement of Whatcombe. Fawley was the poor and depressed home of author Thomas Hardy's maternal grandmother – the main character in ""Jude the Obscure"", stonemason Jude Fawley, lived in a fictional village Marygreen, and a relative, one of his biographers, links the memories of this woman to the book's bleak start. The area is wholly on part of the escarpment"
"as ""a permanent trap between two people"" from which there is no easy escape. Around 1887, Hardy began making notes for a story about a working-man's frustrated attempts to attend the university, perhaps inspired in part by the scholastic failure and suicide of his friend Horace Moule. From December 1894 to November 1895, a bowdlerised version of the novel ran in instalments in ""Harper's New Monthly Magazine"", originally under the title ""The Simpletons"", then ""Hearts Insurgent"". In 1895, the book was published in London under its present title, ""Jude the Obscure"" (dated 1896). In his Preface to the first edition,"
"the Obscure"" appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life. The struggle against fixed class boundaries is an important link between the novel and Hardy's life, especially concerning higher education and the working class. Although Jude wishes to attend the university at Christminster, he cannot afford the cost involved in studying for a degree, and he lacks the rigorous training necessary to qualify for a fellowship. He is therefore prevented from gaining economic mobility and getting out of the working class. This theme of unattainable education was personal for Hardy since he, like Jude, had not"
"Hardy novel ""Jude the Obscure"". Chibnall also drew heavily on Hardy's concept of a ""wrathful god"" for the series. Even the title of the series came from the Dorset setting. Chibnall invented the name ""Broadchurch"" based on two towns in Dorset: ""I thought a lot about the literary heritage of this county. In true Thomas Hardy style I came up with a compound location name of Broadchurch combining the West Dorset hamlets of Broadstone and Whitchurch."" Chibnall wrote the script for ""Broadchurch"" on spec after his work on ""Camelot"" ended. Chibnall had a very unhappy experience working on ""Camelot"", and"
"Hardy provides details of the conception and writing history of the novel, claiming that certain details were inspired by the death of a woman (most likely his cousin, Tryphena Sparks) in 1890. Called ""Jude the Obscene"" by at least one reviewer, ""Jude the Obscure"" received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics. Among the critics was Walsham How, Bishop of Wakefield; Hardy later claimed that the bishop had burned a copy. It has been suggested that negative criticism was the reason that Hardy stopped writing novels after ""Jude"", but poet C. H. Sisson describes this ""hypothesis"" as ""superficial and absurd""."
"Chibnall's decision to set the show on the Jurassic Coast also helped him generate more ideas for the show and tighten the writing. For example, Dorset's most famous native son, poet and author Thomas Hardy, lent his last name to one of the main characters (DI Alec Hardy). Hardy's use of the term ""Wessex"" was used to name the fictional Wessex Police, and character Jack Marshall reads the Hardy novel ""Jude the Obscure"". The series' name also came from the Dorset setting. Chibnall invented the name ""Broadchurch"" based on two settlements in Dorset: ""I thought a lot about the literary"
"Peter's Church, Paddington, London. The ceremony was conducted by Emma's uncle, Edwin Hamilton Gifford, Canon of Worcester Cathedral and later Archdeacon of London. The Hardys honeymooned in Rouen and Paris. The Hardys were never able to have children, which may have affected their relationship. After twenty years of marriage, Thomas Hardy published ""Jude the Obscure"", controversial for its portrayal of Victorian religion, sexual mores and marriage. Emma disapproved of Hardy's last novel because of the book's criticisms of religion and also because she worried that the reading public would believe the relationship between Jude and Sue paralleled her strained relationship"
"in which chance has a major role: ""Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path."" Indeed, Hardy's main characters often seem to be held in fate's overwhelming grip. For online poems, see ""Poetry collections"" below. In 1898 Hardy published his first volume of poetry, ""Wessex Poems"", a collection of poems written over 30 years. While some suggest that Hardy gave up writing novels following the harsh criticism of ""Jude the Obscure"" in 1896, the poet C. H. Sisson calls this ""hypothesis"" ""superficial and absurd"". In"
"he carries them a step farther into the twentieth century. He retains the complex plots and rounded characterizations of Victorian fiction. But adds to Victorian social criticism a new intensity and an expansion of subject matter in, for example, his frank treatment of sexuality and the subjection of women through sexuality (Tess, 1891). Jude the Obscure (1895) is Hardy’s gloomiest and most revolutionary novel. Tess is revolutionary, but not as much as Jude in which Hardy lashes out at all the social arrangements of his time. Jude at the beginning is an intelligent, idealistic working-class young man who studies at"
"Judah Ben-Hur Judah Ben-Hur, or just Ben-Hur, is a fictional character and the title character from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel """". The book covers the character's adventures and struggle against the Roman Empire as he tries to restore honour to his family's name after being falsely accused of attacking the Roman governor. Judah encounters Jesus Christ and becomes a Christian. Wallace wrote that he chose the name Ben-Hur ""because it was biblical, and easily spelled, printed and pronounced."" The name appears once in the Bible (), as the name of one of King Solomon's twelve district governors (1 Kings 4:8)."
"and more religious, their differing views led to a great deal of tension in their marriage, and this tension was a major factor leading to their increased alienation from one another. Emma was also very disapproving of ""Jude the Obscure"", in part because of the book's criticisms of religion, but also because she worried that the reading public would believe that the relationship between Jude and Sue directly paralleled her strained relationship with Hardy (which, in a figurative sense, it did). A minor theme is cruelty to animals. The novel has two incidents of cruelty to animals. In slaughtering the"
"Hardy was concerned that ""Jude the Obscure"" would be read as autobiographical. Some booksellers sold the novel in brown paper bags, and the Bishop of Wakefield, Walsham How, is reputed to have burnt his copy. In his postscript of 1912, Hardy humorously referred to this incident as part of the career of the book: ""After these [hostile] verdicts from the press its next misfortune was to be burnt by a bishop – probably in his despair at not being able to burn me"". Despite this, Hardy had become a celebrity by the 1900s, but some argue that he gave up"
"their home county of Dorset and its neighbouring counties in the south and west of England. Hardy's Wessex excluded Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, but the city of Oxford, which he called ""Christminster"", was visited as part of Wessex in ""Jude the Obscure"". He gave each of his Wessex counties a fictionalised name, such as with Berkshire, which is known in the novels as ""North Wessex"". The film ""Shakespeare in Love"" included a character called ""Lord Wessex"" – a title which did not exist in Elizabethan times. The ITV television series ""Broadchurch"" takes place in the Wessex area, primarily the county of"
"of the first decades of the 20th century was Thomas Hardy (1840–1928). Though not a modernist, Hardy was an important transitional figure between the Victorian era and the 20th century. A major novelist of the late 19th century, Hardy, after the adverse criticism of his last novel, ""Jude the Obscure"", concentrated on publishing poetry. On the other hand, another significant transitional figure between Victorians and modernists, the late-19th-century novelist, Henry James (1843–1916), continued to publish major works into the 20th century. James, born in the US, lived in Europe from 1875, and became a British citizen in 1915. Another immigrant,"
"Shade (novel) Shade is a novel published in 2005 by the Irish novelist and film writer Neil Jordan. The book begins in the 1950s with the brutal murder of the central protagonist, Nina Hardy, at the hands of a mentally and physically scarred veteran of the Second World War. What follows is an explanation of the motivation leading to the murder, of her childhood, her parents' lives, the brutality of war and the aftermath of her demise. The novel's narrative jumps between times and between narrators cohesively. The title itself comes from the shade (or ghost) of Nina Hardy which,"
"but that no one notices. The Judas Window The Judas Window (also published as ""The Crossbow Murder"") is a famous locked room mystery novel by the American writer John Dickson Carr (1906–1977), writing under the name of Carter Dickson, published in 1938 and featuring detective Sir Henry Merrivale. In a poll of 17 mystery writers and reviewers, this novel was voted as the fifth best locked room mystery of all time. ""The Hollow Man"" also by John Dickson Carr was voted the best. James Caplon Answell arranges to visit his future father-in-law, Avory Hume, at his house in London. Hume"
"""Hingwar the Dane"" (i.e. Ivarr the Boneless) was drowned accidentally while crossing the Kennet here, and that the town was named after him. This stems from the probably mistaken belief that the Battle of Ethandun took place at Eddington in Berkshire rather than Edington, Wiltshire or Edington, Somerset. Hungerford is one of two places which arguably meet the criteria for Kennetbridge in Thomas Hardy's novel ""Jude the Obscure"", being ""a thriving town not more than a dozen miles south of Marygreen"" (Fawley) and is between Melchester (Salisbury) and Christminster (Oxford). The main road (A338) from Oxford to Salisbury runs through"
"named 'Beersheba' in the novel is based on Jericho. As an homage to Hardy, in 1996, one of Jericho's pubs was renamed Jude the Obscure. The first episode of the long running ITV drama series ""Inspector Morse"", starring British actor John Thaw, called """"The Dead of Jericho"""", was partially filmed in the streets of Jericho, notably Combe Road (which is 'Canal Reach' in the drama). It also featured the exterior of the Bookbinders Arms public house on the corner of Victor Street. The spin-off show ""Lewis"" also has stories based around the same area. Philip Pullman set parts of his"
"Daphne Hardy, translated it into English during early 1940 while she was living in Paris with him. For decades the German text was thought to have been lost during the escape of Koestler and Hardy from Paris in May 1940, just before the German occupation of France. However, a copy had been sent to Swiss publisher Emil Oprecht. Rupert Hart-Davis, Koestler's editor at Jonathan Cape had misgivings about the English text but agreed to publish it when a request to Oprecht for his copy went unanswered. At Hart-Davis' prompting, Hardy changed the title from ""Rubaschow"" (the main character's name) to"
"Wessex as """"a merely realistic dream country"""". The actual definition of ""Hardy's Wessex"" varied widely throughout Hardy's career, and was not definitively settled until after he retired from writing novels. When he created the concept of a fictional Wessex, it consisted merely of the small area of Dorset in which Hardy grew up; by the time he wrote ""Jude the Obscure"", the boundaries had extended to include all of Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Devon, Hampshire, much of Berkshire, and some of Oxfordshire, with its most north-easterly point being Oxford (renamed ""Christminster"" in the novel). Cornwall was also referred to but named"
"Topsham. The character of Sue Bridehead in Hardy's book Jude The Obscure is also thought to have been based on Sparks and in the book's preface Hardy says that the circumstances of the novel had been suggested by the death of a woman in 1890. Sparks is the subject of ten separate 1960s publications by author Lois Deacon including ""Tryphena"", ""Thomas Hardy and Hardy's Sweetest Image"" and ""Providence and Mr Hardy"" published in 1966. Having attended Stockwell Training College from 1870 to 1871, Sparks became headmistress of Plymouth Day School in 1872. In 1873 she met Charles Frederick Gale, a"
"up being used as anti-Jewish propaganda during the era of Saddam Hussein. Commenting on the use of Soussan's writing on Judaism by propagandists, his friend Assad Nissim likens him to Elisha Ben Abuya, or the one they called ""Aher"", the ""Outcast."" In Hebrew, the title of the book is ""V'Hu Aher"", which means ""And He is an Other"" or ""And He is a Different One"". Elisha is revealed to be the main antagonist of the series, a mystic driven mad by the sight of the Outer God ""Azathoth"" during his explorations of the seven heavens. His cutting of the root"
"The Judas Window The Judas Window (also published as ""The Crossbow Murder"") is a famous locked room mystery novel by the American writer John Dickson Carr (1906–1977), writing under the name of Carter Dickson, published in 1938 and featuring detective Sir Henry Merrivale. In a poll of 17 mystery writers and reviewers, this novel was voted as the fifth best locked room mystery of all time. ""The Hollow Man"" also by John Dickson Carr was voted the best. James Caplon Answell arranges to visit his future father-in-law, Avory Hume, at his house in London. Hume invites the prospective bridegroom into"
"name, the Phoenix, showing first-run and art house films. In 2017 Jericho was ranked number 11 in a list of the UK’s ‘most hip’ destinations. The ranking was compiled by TravelSupermarket, and took into account vegan cafes, independent bike shops, vinyl record stores and independent coffee shops. In 2018 the suburb dropped to number 20 on the list, although it scored full marks, for the second year running, in the ‘creative capital’ category, which concerned co-working and creative spaces. Thomas Hardy's novel ""Jude the Obscure"" has a scene set in St Barnabas Church, and it is possible that the suburb"
"that Christians should not repeat the historic tragedy of associating Judas Iscariot with the Judeans but regard him instead as an emergent Christian apostate, and hence, one of their own. His betrayal over a sum of money warns auditors against the vice of greed. The name ""Judas"" (Ὶούδας) is a Greek rendering of the Hebrew name Judah (יהודה, Yhûdâh, Hebrew for ""God is praised""), which was an extremely common name for Jewish men during the first century AD, due to the renowned hero Judas Maccabeus. Consequently, numerous other figures with this name are mentioned throughout the New Testament. In the"
"them in front of the entire school. He was uncomfortable being introduced to new people, and could not bear to look at his own reflection in a mirror. It is said that, when staying in hotels, he would cover all the mirrors with towels. Hardy is a key character, played by Jeremy Irons, in the 2015 film ""The Man Who Knew Infinity"", based on the biography of Ramanujan with the same title. Hardy is a major character in David Leavitt's fictive biography, ""The Indian Clerk"" (2007), which depicts his Cambridge years and his relationship with John Edensor Littlewood and Ramanujan."
"Kurt Barlow Kurt Barlow is a fictional character and main antagonist of Stephen King's 1975 horror novel, ""Salem's Lot"". The character is a master vampire, who terrorizes the small Maine town of Jerusalem's Lot. Although his true age is unknown, he claims to be ancient, so old that he predates the founding of Christianity by centuries. Before the events of the novel, it is suggested that Barlow's original name or alias was Breichen and that he was an Austrian nobleman. As Breichen, Barlow corresponded for twelve years with Hubert ""Hubie"" Marsten, a former Depression-era Boston hitman living in the town"
"of Romanian Jewish origin, who left the family when she was a child) and by her school friend Véri, who has maintained contact between Ann and her mother. Ann refuses to be reconciled with Thomas, is rejected by her father, and quarrels with Véri. She returns to Burgundy and lives with Georges though they have no sexual relationship; at the end of the book he dies, with the implication that he has been suffering from AIDS though this is not stated. The style of the book reflects the bleakness of its plot. The writing is exceptionally sparse. The scene moves"
"way. Kurt Barlow Kurt Barlow is a fictional character and main antagonist of Stephen King's 1975 horror novel, ""Salem's Lot"". The character is a master vampire, who terrorizes the small Maine town of Jerusalem's Lot. Although his true age is unknown, he claims to be ancient, so old that he predates the founding of Christianity by centuries. Before the events of the novel, it is suggested that Barlow's original name or alias was Breichen and that he was an Austrian nobleman. As Breichen, Barlow corresponded for twelve years with Hubert ""Hubie"" Marsten, a former Depression-era Boston hitman living in the"
"of Hardy's fictional county of Wessex), who yearns to be a scholar at ""Christminster"", a city modelled on Oxford. As a youth, Jude teaches himself Classical Greek and Latin in his spare time, while working first in his great-aunt's bakery, with the hope of entering university. But before he can try to do this the naïve Jude is seduced by Arabella Donn, a rather coarse and superficial local girl who traps him into marriage by pretending to be pregnant. The marriage is a failure, and Arabella leaves Jude and later emigrates to Australia, where she enters into a bigamous marriage."
"There he wrote ""The Mayor of Casterbridge"" (1886), ""The Woodlanders"" (1887), and ""Tess of the d'Urbervilles"" (1891), the last of which attracted criticism for its sympathetic portrayal of a ""fallen woman"" and was initially refused publication. Its subtitle, ""A Pure Woman: Faithfully Presented"", was intended to raise the eyebrows of the Victorian middle classes. ""Jude the Obscure"", published in 1895, met with an even stronger negative response from the Victorian public because of its controversial treatment of sex, religion and marriage. Furthermore, its apparent attack on the institution of marriage caused further strain on Hardy's already difficult marriage because Emma"
"this tale has obscure origins. In part due to their Middle Eastern ethnic origins, Jews tend to be portrayed as swarthy and hairy, sometimes associated with a curly hair texture known as a ""Jewfro"". There is a brown, edible woodland fungus, ""Auricularia cornea"", commonly referred to as ""Hairy Jew's ear"". Jews have often been stereotyped as greedy and miserly. This originates in the Middle Ages, when the Church forbade Christians to lend money while charging interest (a practice called usury, although the word later took on the meaning of charging excessive interest). Jews were legally restricted to occupations as usurers,"