Named after two bodies of water, what name was given to the provisional border between Poland and East Germany that was agreed at the Potsdam Conference following World War II?
"these Recovered Territories (official term) were repopulated with Poles expelled from the eastern regions and those from central Poland. The small area of Zaolzie, which had been annexed by Poland in late 1938, was returned to Czechoslovakia on Stalin's orders. Territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II The territorial changes of Poland immediately after World War II were very extensive, the Oder–Neisse line became Poland's western border and the Curzon Line its eastern border. In 1945, after the defeat of Nazi Germany, Poland's borders were redrawn in accordance with the decisions made first by the Allies at the"
"at the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference. This border was a compensation to Poland for territories lost to the Soviet Union as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and resulted in significant westward transfers of German population from the Recovered Territories, matching the Polish population transfers from the Kresy territories. It roughly matched the centuries-old, historical border between the Medieval Polish and German states. It divided several river cities into two parts – Görlitz/Zgorzelec, Guben/Gubin, Frankfurt (Oder)/Słubice, Bad Muskau/Łęknica. The border was recognized by East Germany in the Treaty of Zgorzelec in 1950, by West Germany in 1970 in the"
"Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (, ) is the basis of the international border between Germany and Poland. It mainly runs along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers and meets the Baltic Sea in the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: ""Stettin"" and ""Swinemünde""). It was decided upon by the Soviet Union and presented to the Potsdam Conference as a ""fait-accompli"" in the aftermath of the Second World War. All pre-war German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) fell into the Soviet Occupation"
"removed along the border in December 2007. The limitations on Poles working in Germany expired in April 2011. Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (, ) is the basis of the international border between Germany and Poland. It mainly runs along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers and meets the Baltic Sea in the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: ""Stettin"" and ""Swinemünde""). It was decided upon by the Soviet Union and presented to the Potsdam Conference as a ""fait-accompli"" in the aftermath of the Second World War. All pre-war German territory east of the"
"the 1945 Potsdam Agreement in the aftermath of World War II, the river became part of the Polish western border with Germany (the Oder-Neisse line). Being the longest and most notable of the three rivers named ""Neisse (Neiße)"" (German) or ""Nysa"" (Polish) (the two other rivers being the Eastern Neisse (; ) and Raging Neisse (Polish: ""Nysa Szalona""; German: ""Wütende Neiße"" or ""Jauersche Neiße"")), it is simply referred to as the ""Neisse"". Since the river runs through the historic region of Lusatia, the adjective ""Lusatian"" or ""Western"" before the name of the river Neisse is used whenever differentiating this border"
"precise location of the border was left open. The western Allies also accepted in general the principle of the Oder River as the future western border of Poland and of population transfer as the way to prevent future border disputes. The open question was whether the border should follow the eastern or western Neisse rivers, and whether Stettin, the traditional seaport of Berlin, should remain German or be included in Poland. The western Allies sought to place the border on the eastern Neisse, but Stalin insisted that the border should be on the western Neisse. At the Potsdam Conference the"
"by the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union at the Yalta Conference in February 1945, shortly before the end of the war. The precise location of the border was left open; the western Allies also accepted in general the principle of the Oder River as the future western border of Poland and of population transfer as the way to prevent future border disputes. The open question was whether the border should follow the Eastern or Lusatian Neisse rivers, and whether Stettin, the traditional seaport of Berlin, should remain German or be included in Poland. Originally, Germany was"
"Agreement. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, then West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border in 1970. In 1990 newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border. Main section: Dziwna branch (between Wolin Island and mainland Poland): Świna branch (between Wolin and the Usedom islands): Szczecin Lagoon: Peene branch (between Usedom Island and the German mainland): Oder The Oder (; Czech, Lower Sorbian and , , Upper Sorbian: ""Wódra"") is a river in Central Europe and Poland's third-longest river after the Vistula and Warta. It"
"The Allies occupied Germany, but the Western allies and Soviet Union formed separate governments covering specific parts of Germany (West Germany, as well as West Berlin, and East Germany). The Germanies and West Berlin reunified in 1990. The final decision to move Poland's boundary westward was made by the US, Britain and the Soviets at the Yalta Conference, shortly before the end of the war. The precise location of the border was left open; the western Allies also accepted in general the principle of the Oder River as the future western border of Poland and of population transfer as the"
"their way to Berlin. It was finally captured in 31 January 1945. However, at the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the leaders of the Allies, represented by Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union quietly decided that all German territory east of the Oder River would be transferred to Poland as compensation for eastern Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union. Poland was also given approval to deport the native Germans and replace them with new Polish settlers. At the mid-summer Potsdam Conference, taking place shortly after"
"the Yalta Conference with Roosevelt and Churchill in February 1945, but a lot more forcefully in the face of the looming German defeat. The new borders were ratified at the Potsdam Conference of August 1945 exactly as proposed by Stalin who already controlled the whole of East-Central Europe. Harry Truman remembered: Poland lost large territories to the Soviet Union (today those areas are located in Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine). Poland was instead given the Free State of Danzig and the German areas east of the rivers Oder and Neisse. The ethnic cleansing of both Polish and Germans 1945-46 included many"
"westward"" of Poland's borders, as the United Kingdom and the United States committed themselves to support in any future peace treaty the permanent incorporation of former eastern German territories into Poland and the Soviet Union. From March 1945 to July 1945, these former eastern territories of Germany had been administered under Soviet military occupation authorities, but following the Potsdam Conference they were handed over to Soviet and Polish civilian administrations and ceased to constitute part of Allied-occupied Germany. In the closing weeks of fighting in Europe, United States forces had pushed beyond the agreed boundaries for the future zones of"
"the line of demarcation. This would have meant that (East) Germany could have retained approximately half of Silesia, including most of Wrocław (formerly Breslau). However the Soviets rejected the suggestion at the Potsdam Conference and insisted that the southern boundary between Germany and Poland be drawn further west, at the Lusatian Neisse. The Eastern Neisse originates in the Śnieżnik mountain range of the Sudetes, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is partially regulated. The river has often left its banks and flooded nearby towns, at times destroying them completely. Town chronicles from Kłodzko mention floods in the following"
"the Potsdam Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945). The four zones were as agreed in February 1945 by the United States, United Kingdom and Soviet Union meeting at the Yalta Conference; setting aside an earlier division into three zones (excluding France) proposed by the London Protocol. At Potsdam, the United States, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union approved the detachment from 'Germany as a whole' of the German eastern territories east of the Oder–Neisse line; with the exact line of the boundary to be determined at a final German Peace Treaty. This treaty was expected to confirm the ""shifting"
"Conference, a chaotic refugee situation faced the occupying powers. The Potsdam Agreement, signed on 2 August 1945, defined the Polish western border as that of 1937, (Article VIII) Agreements of the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference placing one fourth of Germany's territory under the Provisional Polish administration. Article XII ordered that the remaining German populations in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary be transferred west in an ""orderly and humane"" manner.Agreements of the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference (See Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50).) Although not approved by Allies at Potsdam, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans living in Yugoslavia and Romania were deported to"
"of Poland on the confirmation of the frontier between them, 14 November 1990"" (""Vertrag zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Republik Polen über die Bestätigung der zwischen ihnen bestehenden Grenze"" in German, and ""Traktat między Rzeczpospolitą Polską a Republiką Federalną Niemiec o potwierdzeniu istniejącej między nimi granicy"" in Polish, the order of the countries being reversed in the Polish text). In the Potsdam Agreement of 1945, the Allies of World War II had defined the Oder–Neisse line as the line of demarcation between the Soviet occupation zone in Germany and Poland, pending the final determination of Poland's western frontier in"
"(on the territory of the occupied Second Polish Republic). In 1945, most ethnic Germans were expelled from these lands by the Soviet army. Resettlement was planned for the territory remaining to Germany under terms of the border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference, i.e. west of the Oder–Neisse line, or elsewhere in the world. Ethnic Germans from East Prussia and Lithuania are sometimes incorrectly considered Baltic Germans for reasons of cultural, linguistic, and historical affinities. But the Germans of East Prussia held Prussian, and after 1871, German citizenship, because the territory they lived in was part of Kingdom of Prussia."
"the Bay of Pomerania 3 miles (5,5 kilometers) off the shore, from which it ran south through the Szczecin Lagoon and left Camminke on the East German and Papart on the Polish side. In January 1951, the border was again adjusted. The potable water reservoir of Swinoujscie, which was on the German side since the Treaty of Schwerin, and the islands of the Oder River were assigned to Poland, and a small part of Usedom to East Germany. Also, the border within the Pomeranian Bay was extended to 6 miles. The Soviet Army kept proving grounds and naval bases in"
"with Communist Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, were forced by international pressure to adhere to the border (with reservations) in 1970. After the revolutions of 1989, the newly reunified Germany and the newly democratic Republic of Poland definitively accepted the line as their border in the 1990 German–Polish Border Treaty. The lower River Oder in Silesia was Piast Poland's western border from the 10th until the 13th century. From around the time of World War I, some proposed restoring this line, in the belief that it would provide protection against Germany. One of the"
"of approximately 100,000 persons fled. After the end of war, in spring 1945, the region together with the town of Elbing became part of Poland as a result of the Potsdam Conference. Almost all Germans who remained or returned were expelled by the communist regime during the following months. The city was settled with Poles from the Eastern Borderlands, which were annexed by the Soviet Union. After the expulsion of most of the German population, the city was repopulated and given the Polish name ""Elbląg"". Of the new inhabitants, 98% were Poles expelled from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet"
"World War II the town was in Germany, and was known by its German name, Neuwarp. It was transferred to Poland in 1945 as part of the territorial changes agreed at the Potsdam Conference. However, lying west of the river Oder, the agreements of the Potsdam Conference were not precise about the status of the area of Stettin. In the Treaty of Schwerin, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany agreed to the Polish wish to also obtain the area of Stettin including Neuwarp. The native Germans were expelled and replaced with Poles. The town is located on the inlet of"
"territory that was once part of Germany). Groups forced to move included ethnic Germans from the Recovered Territories to the post-war Allied Occupation Zones in Germany and ethnic Ukrainians from eastern Poland to the USSR or the Recovered Territories. The decision to move the Polish border westward was made by the Allies at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences and finalized in the Potsdam Agreement, which also provided for the expulsion of German citizens to Allied occupation zones. Although the Potsdam Agreement left the final decision about the border shift to a future peace treaty, the Polish government (which had implemented"
"Germany's defeat, the leaders of the Allied Powers temporarily designated the Oder-Neisse line as the new border between Germany and Poland until a final peace treaty confirming the end of the war. They also consented to the expulsion of the entire native German population east of these two rivers. With the transfer of de facto sovereignty from Germany to Poland, German Schwiebus became Polish Świebodzin. From 1945 to 1947, the German population of the town was expelled westward, often by force. Thousands of Poles, including those expelled from Poland's eastern territories annexed by the Soviet Union, forced laborers liberated from"
"by Rola-Zymierski, returned to Stalin and argued against any compromise with the Americans. Stalin told his Polish protégés that he would defend their position at the conference."" Finally on 2 August 1945, the Potsdam Agreement of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, in anticipation of the final peace treaty, placed the German territories east of the Oder–Neisse line formally under Polish administrative control. It was also decided that all Germans remaining in the new and old Polish territory should be expelled. Those territories were known in Poland as the Regained or Recovered Territories, a term based"
"Border Treaty, signed on 14 November 1990 by re-united Germany and Poland. Treaty of Warsaw (1970) The Treaty of Warsaw (, Polish: Układ PRL-RFN) was a treaty between West Germany and the People's Republic of Poland. It was signed by Chancellor Willy Brandt and Prime Minister Józef Cyrankiewicz at the Presidential Palace on 7 December 1970, and it was ratified by the German Bundestag on 17 May 1972. In the treaty, both sides committed themselves to nonviolence and accepted the existing border—the Oder-Neisse line, imposed on Germany by the Allied powers at the 1945 Potsdam Conference following the end of"
"the establishment of the post-war Polish-German border at the Oder–Neisse line, that is along the Lusatian Neisse (Western Neisse), and, further north, the Oder river. Joseph Stalin indicated his support for the Polish position and the Provisional Government administered the region as soon as it was cleared of the German forces. The American and especially the British governments had a long-standing preference for the border to run further east in its southern portion, along the Nysa Kłodzka (Eastern Neisse) and the upper Oder rivers, which would keep a large portion of Lower Silesia and of the city of Breslau in"
"known as East Prussia, and then an easternmost province of Germany until 1945 when, in accordance with border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference, it was split between Poland and the Soviet Union. Cities and towns founded by the Teutonic Knights along the river Łyna (""Alnā"") include: Łyna (river) The Łyna (; ; ; - ""Lava""), is a river in northern Poland's Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship as well as in Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast. The Łyna is a tributary of the Pregolya River, and has a total length of 264 km (207 km in Poland and 57 km in Russia) and a basin"
"an August 1939 agreement between the Reich and the USSR. After the Nazis' defeat in 1945, Poland did not regain its Soviet-annexed territory; instead, the Soviets expelled the remaining Germans (those who had not been evacuated or fled before) from the areas of Lower Silesia, Upper Silesia, Pommerania, East Brandenburg, and East Prussia and replaced them with Poles, most of whom were expelled from Soviet-occupied areas that had previously formed part of Poland. About half of East Prussia became the newly-created Soviet territory of Kaliningrad Oblast (officially established in 1946), where Soviet citizens replaced the former German residents. The Potsdam"
"as the border between the two states. The terms referred to the ""defined and existing border"" from the Baltic Sea west of Świnoujście (Swinemünde) - however without mentioning Szczecin (Stettin) - along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers to the Czechoslovak border. Thereby the East German government also accepted the division of Küstrin, Frankfurt (Oder), Guben and Görlitz. The treaty was worded as a declaration and was, initially, not recognised as a legitimate international treaty by West Germany insisting on its exclusive mandate and the members states of NATO. Four years later when the Soviet Union granted East Germany independence,"
"to Poland under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference, most of the native German population was forcibly expelled, and the city was renamed Wałbrzych. However, Wałbrzych was one of the few areas where a number of Germans were held back as they were deemed indispensable for the economy, e.g. coal mining. An ethnic German society has been maintained in Walbrzych since 1957. The city was relatively unscathed by the Second World War, and as a result of combining the nearby administrative districts with the town and the construction of new housing estates, Wałbrzych expanded geographically. At the beginning of"
"separate from the rest of the Soviet zone. In 1945 Germany east of the Oder–Neisse line (Farther Pomerania, the New March, Silesia and southern East Prussia) was assigned to Poland by the Potsdam Conference to be ""temporarily administered"" pending the Final Peace Treaty on Germany; eventually (under the September 1990 2+4 Peace Treaty) the northern portion of East Prussia became the Kaliningrad Oblast within the Soviet Union. A small area west of the Oder, near Szczecin, also fell to Poland. Most German citizens residing in these areas were subsequently expropriated and expelled. Returning refugees, who had fled from war hostilities,"
"are relevant to the territorial changes of Germany are as follows: At the Potsdam Conference the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union placed the German territories within the 1937 Nazi Germany borders east of the Oder–Neisse line, and with the exception of parts of East Prussia, as formally under Polish administrative control (These were referred to by the Polish communist government as the ""Western Territories"" or ""Regained Territories""). It was anticipated that a final peace treaty would follow shortly and either confirm this border or determine whatever alterations might be agreed upon. Northern East Prussia and Memelland"
"the Potsdam Agreement. It is currently divided between the Warmian-Masurian and Pomeranian Voivodeships. Pomesanians Pomesanians were one of the Prussian clans. They lived in Pomesania (; ; ), a historical region in modern northern Poland, located between the Nogat and Vistula Rivers to the west and the Elbląg River to the east. It is located around the modern towns of Elbląg and Malbork. As the westernmost clan, the Pomesanians were the first of the Prussians to be conquered by the Teutonic Knights, a German military crusading order brought to the Chełmno Land to convert the pagans to Christianity. Due to"