The 'Baiji' that became extinct in 2006, was a species of which mammal?
"Baiji The baiji (, ""Lipotes vexillifer"", ""Lipotes"" meaning ""left behind"", ""vexillifer"" ""flag bearer"") is a functionally extinct species of freshwater dolphin formerly found only in the Yangtze River in China. Nicknamed ""Goddess of the Yangtze"" () in China, the dolphin is also called Chinese river dolphin, Yangtze River dolphin, whitefin dolphin and Yangtze dolphin. It was regarded as the goddess of protection by local fishermen and boatmen in China (Zhou, 1991). It is not to be confused with the Chinese white dolphin or the finless porpoise. The baiji population declined drastically in decades as China industrialized and made heavy use"
"""functionally extinct"" on December 13, 2006, as fewer are likely to be alive than are needed to propagate the species. However, footage believed to be a baiji from August 2007 was released to the public. The Japanese sea lion and Caribbean monk seal disappeared in the 1950s, the last aquatic mammals to become extinct. Several land-based mammal species and subspecies have disappeared since then. If the baiji is now extinct, the vaquita has become the most endangered marine mammal species. Some scientists retain hope for the species: A report of the expedition was published online in the journal ""Biology Letters"""
"down to 400 by the 1980s and then to 13 in 1997 when a full-fledged search was conducted. On December 13, 2006, the baiji was declared functionally extinct, after a 45-day search by leading experts in the field failed to find a single specimen. The last verified sighting was in 2004. Moose are hunted as a game species in many of the countries where they are found. While the flesh has protein levels similar to those of other comparable red meats (e.g. beef, deer and elk), it has a low fat content, and the fat that is present consists of"
"13, 2006, the baiji (""Lipotes vexillifer"") was declared ""functionally extinct"", after a 45-day search by leading experts in the field failed to find a single specimen. The last verified sighting was in September 2004. The region of the Amazon in Brazil has an extension of containing diverse fundamental ecosystems. One of these ecosystems is a floodplain, or a várzea forest, and is home to a large number of fish species which are an essential resource for human consumption. The várzea is also a major source of income through excessive local commercialized fishing. Várzea consist of muddy river waters containing a"
"of the survey participants, was published by Oxford University Press in autumn 2008. This book investigated the baiji's probable extinction within the wider-scale context of how and why international efforts to conserve the species had failed, and whether conservation recovery programmes for other threatened species were likely to face similar potentially disastrous administrative hurdles. Yangtze Freshwater Dolphin Expedition 2006 The Yangtze Freshwater Dolphin Expedition 2006 (长江淡水豚类考察) was a six-week search expedition undertaken in November and December 2006 in central China in an attempt to locate continued proof of the existence of the endangered Baiji Yangtze Dolphin (Chinese River Dolphin). It"
"Bali tiger The Bali tiger (""Panthera tigris sondaica"", syn. ""P. t. balica"") was a tiger population that lived in the Indonesian island of Bali. This population is extinct since the 1950s. It was formerly regarded as a distinct tiger subspecies,""Panthera tigris balica"", which had been assessed as extinct on the IUCN Red List in 2008. In 2017, felid taxonomy was revised and this subspecies subordinated to ""P. t. sondaica"", which also includes the still surviving Sumatran tiger. Results of mtDNA analysis of 23 tiger samples from museum collections indicate that tigers colonized the Sunda Islands throughout the last glacial period"
"in the Natural History Museum, London. No record of Sturdee's pipistrelle has been observed over the last hundred years. Sturdee's pipistrelle Sturdee's pipistrelle (""Pipistrellus sturdeei"") is a bat that was thought to have lived in Japan before officially becoming extinct in 2000. In 2006 the IUCN changed its official status to ""Data Deficient"", as new data throws doubt on the taxonomic status of the species. ""Pipistrellus studeei"" was thought to have existed solely on Haha-jima Island in Bonin Islands, Japan, where the only known specimen was discovered. However, more recent scholarship places doubt on the single specimen's origin and taxonomy."
"species. A December 2006 survey found no members of ""Lipotes vexillifer"" (commonly known as the baiji, or Chinese river dolphin) and declared the species functionally extinct. With their disappearance, one of the recently accepted superfamilies, Lipotoidea, has become extinct. The current classification of river dolphins is as follows: In 2012 the Society for Marine Mammalogy began considering the Bolivian (""Inia geoffrensis boliviensis"") and Amazonian (""Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis"") subspecies as full species ""Inia boliviensis"" and ""Inia geoffrensis"", respectively; however, much of the scientific community, including the IUCN, continue to consider the Bolivian population to be a subspecies of ""Inia geoffrensis"". In"
"from international institutes like the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Hubbs-Seaworld Institute from San Diego and the Fisheries Research Agency in Japan. A report of the expedition was published online in the journal Biology Letters on August 7, 2007, in which the authors wrote: """"We are forced to conclude that the baiji is now likely to be extinct, probably due to unsustainable by-catch in local fisheries..."""" ""Witness to Extinction: How We Failed To Save The Yangtze River Dolphin"", an account of the 2006 survey by Samuel Turvey, one"
"Sturdee's pipistrelle Sturdee's pipistrelle (""Pipistrellus sturdeei"") is a bat that was thought to have lived in Japan before officially becoming extinct in 2000. In 2006 the IUCN changed its official status to ""Data Deficient"", as new data throws doubt on the taxonomic status of the species. ""Pipistrellus studeei"" was thought to have existed solely on Haha-jima Island in Bonin Islands, Japan, where the only known specimen was discovered. However, more recent scholarship places doubt on the single specimen's origin and taxonomy. The previous population of this animal is unknown because only one specimen has been preserved, which is currently housed"
"the 1980s and then to 13 in 1997 when a full-fledged search was conducted. Now the most endangered cetacean in the world, according to the ""Guinness Book of World Records"", the baiji was last sighted in August 2004, though there was a possible sighting in 2007. It is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. government under the Endangered Species Act. It is now thought to be extinct. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has noted the following as threats to the species: a period of hunting by humans during the Great Leap Forward, entanglement in fishing gear, the illegal"
"signal when is it time to migrate. However, these seasonal changes will be greatly reduced by dams and diversions. Other animals facing immediate threat of extinction are the Baiji Dolphin, narrow-ridged finless porpoise and the Yangtze Alligator. These animals numbers went into freefall from the combined effects of accidental catches during fishing, river traffic, habitat loss and pollution. In 2006 the baiji dolphin became extinct; the world lost an entire genus. The Yangtze River produces the majority of the world's ocean pollution, according to The Ocean Cleanup, a Dutch environmental research foundation that focuses on ocean pollution. Together with 9"
"be functionally extinct at this time. ""Baijis were the last surviving species of a large lineage dating back seventy million years and one of only six species of freshwater dolphins"". It has been argued that the extinction of the Yangtze River dolphin was a result of the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, a project that has affected many species of animals and plant life found only in the gorges area. Numerous species of land mammals are found in the Yangtze valley, but most of these are not directly associated with the river. Three exceptions are the semi-aquatic Eurasian otter,"
"hodophilax"" located at: the National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan; University of Tokyo, Japan; Wakayama University, Japan; Siebold Collection, and the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, Netherlands. The Japanese wolf is considered to be extinct as the last specimens were recorded at Higashi-Yoshino village in Nara Prefecture, Japan in January 23, 1905. Sightings of ""short-legged dog like beasts"", proposed to be the Japanese wolf, have been claimed since the time of its extinction until the last claim in 1997, but none of these have been verified. A claim in 2000 was dismissed as a hoax. Some Japanese zoologists"
"mortality resulting from massive-scale human environmental impacts, primarily uncontrolled fishing. Its extinction merely reflects the latest stage in the progressive ecological deterioration of the Yangtze region. In the 1970s and 1980s, an estimated half of baiji deaths were attributed to entanglement in fishing gear and nets. By the early 2000s, electric fishing was considered ""the most important and immediate direct threat to the baiji's survival."" Though outlawed, this fishing technique is widely and illegally practiced throughout China. The building of the Three Gorges Dam further reduced the dolphin's habitat and facilitated an increase in ship traffic; these were thought to"
"bear body parts have been used instead. One of the traditional Balinese dances, the ""barong"", still preserves in one of its four forms a type called the tiger barong (""barong macan""). Bali tiger The Bali tiger (""Panthera tigris sondaica"", syn. ""P. t. balica"") was a tiger population that lived in the Indonesian island of Bali. This population is extinct since the 1950s. It was formerly regarded as a distinct tiger subspecies,""Panthera tigris balica"", which had been assessed as extinct on the IUCN Red List in 2008. In 2017, felid taxonomy was revised and this subspecies subordinated to ""P. t. sondaica"","
"animals. At one time, the crested ibis was widespread in Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan, and Russia. It has now disappeared from most of its former range. The last wild crested ibis in Japan died in October 2003, with the remaining wild population found only in Shaanxi province of China until reintroduction of captive bred birds back into Japan in 2008. They were previously thought to be extinct in China too, until 1981 when only seven ibises were seen in Shaanxi, China. Extensive captive breeding programs have been developed by Japan and China to conserve the species. They were put on"
"world's rarest and most endangered species. In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo. These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species. Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last ""bucardo"" (Pyrenean ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000. Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda"
"shrike, milky stork, Pacific swallow, red-rumped swallow, sacred kingfisher, sea eagle, woodswallow, savanna nightjar, stork-billed kingfisher, yellow-vented bulbul and great egret. Until the early 20th century, Bali was home to several large mammals: the wild banteng, leopard and the endemic Bali tiger. The banteng still occurs in its domestic form, whereas leopards are found only in neighbouring Java, and the Bali tiger is extinct. The last definite record of a tiger on Bali dates from 1937, when one was shot, though the subspecies may have survived until the 1940s or 1950s. Squirrels are quite commonly encountered, less often is the"
"some pods reaching over a thousand individuals. Once hunted for their products, cetaceans are now protected by international law. Some species are attributed with high levels of intelligence. At the 2012 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, support was reiterated for a cetacean bill of rights, listing cetaceans as nonhuman persons. Besides whaling and drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch and marine pollution. The baiji, for example, is considered functionally extinct by the IUCN, with the last sighting in 2004, due to heavy pollution to the Yangtze River. Whales occasionally feature in literature and"
"the Japanese wood-pigeon, used to occur on Haha-jima. While it is not precisely known when it vanished from this island, the taxon apparently became completely extinct during the 1980s, but was rediscovered in 1998. Hahajima The highest points are ""Chibusayama"", (literally ""Breast Mountain""), approximately , and Sakaigatake, . The largest island of the group, Chichijima is located approximately to the north. Together with nearby smaller islands like Anejima and Imōtojima and Mukōjima, Hahajima forms the Hahajima Rettō (母島列島), or in former times, the ""Baily Group"". The island is within the political boundaries of Ogasawara Village, Ogasawara Subprefecture, Tokyo, Japan. The"
"Greater bilby The greater bilby (""Macrotis lagotis""), often referred to simply as the bilby since the lesser bilby (""Macrotis leucura"") became extinct in the 1950s, is an Australian species of nocturnal omnivorous animal in the order Peramelemorphia. Other vernacular names include dalgyte, pinkie, or rabbit-eared bandicoot. Greater bilbies live in arid areas of central Australia. Their range and population is in decline. Once widespread in arid, semi-arid and relatively fertile areas, the bilby is now restricted to arid regions and remains a threatened species. It makes its home in a burrow that spirals down, making it hard for its predators"
"later to SeaWorld San Diego, where it was attempted to have them reproduce in captivity. However, this was unsuccessful and the species became extinct with the death of the last individual in 1981. Surveys were conducted in the following years, but the species was certainly gone by then. It was removed from the USFWS Endangered Species List on February 23, 2004, due to extinction. Collection of specimens for museums and private collections must have had a temporary impact during the Japanese control over the islands. Although fewer than 100 specimens are on record, most were taken in the 1930s and"
"have been found there too), it became extinct in the late 19th century. While this seems early, the population must have always been small as there never was much habitat available in historic times. Certainly, thorough research in the early 20th century failed to find the bird again. The reasons for the disappearance of the population would have been land clearance and draining of wetlands for agriculture. Ryukyu kingfisher The Ryukyu kingfisher (""Todiramphus miyakoensis"") is an enigmatic taxon of tree kingfisher. It is extinct and was only ever known from a single specimen. Its taxonomic status is doubtful; it is"
"threatened species were likely to face similar potentially disastrous administrative hurdles. Some reports suggest that information about the baiji and its demise is being suppressed in China. Other reports cite government media English language reports in China Central Television and Xinhua News Agency as evidence to the contrary. In August 2007, Zeng Yujiang reportedly videotaped a large white animal swimming in the Yangtze in Anhui Province. Wang Kexiong of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has tentatively confirmed that the animal on the video is a baiji. On October 3, 2011 the sighting of almost 20"
"stock and changed fire regimes. Despite extensive survey work in its known range, the last specimens were collected in 1856–57, and it is presumed to be extinct. There is some speculation that this species was in fact an eastern population of the Shark Bay mouse (""Pseudomys fieldi""). Once the Alice Springs mouse was thought to be extinct but with genetic testing in 1998 scientists confirmed that the Alice Springs mouse was also the Shark Bay mouse, and this could also one day happen between Gould's mouse and the Shark Bay mouse. Gould's mouse Gould's mouse (""Pseudomys gouldii"") lived in eastern"
"take advantage of her. But she freed herself by plunging into the river whereupon a big storm came and sank the boat. After the storm had thus settled, people saw a beautiful dolphin swimming – the incarnation of the girl – which became known as the ‘Goddess of the Yangtze.’ The baiji, in the region of Yangtze, is regarded as a symbol of peace and prosperity. In the 1950s, the population was estimated at 6,000 animals, but declined rapidly over the subsequent five decades. Only a few hundred were left by 1970. Then the number dropped down to 400 by"
"In 2007 fears were expressed that China's Finless Porpoise, a native of the lake, might follow the baiji, the Yangtze river dolphin, into extinction. There have been calls for action to save the finless porpoise, of which there are about 1400 left living, with approximately 700 to 900 in the Yangtze, and approximately another 500 in Poyang and Dongting Lakes. The 2007 population levels were less than half the 1997 levels, and the population continues to drop at a rate of 7.3 per cent per year. Pressure on the finless porpoise population on Poyang Lake comes from the high numbers"
"Bramble Cay melomys The Bramble Cay melomys, or Bramble Cay mosaic-tailed rat (""Melomys rubicola""), is an extinct species of rodent in the family Muridae and subfamily Murinae. It was similar to the Cape York melomys except that it had some protein differences and a coarser tail caused by elevated scales. It was prominent in herd-fields and strandline vegetation where it built burrows. Australia's most isolated mammal, the Bramble Cay melomys was known only from a small population in Bramble Cay, a vegetated coral cay of . It has not been seen since 2007, despite a search by a team of"
"Viti Levu scrubfowl The Viti Levu scrubfowl (""Megapodius amissus""), also known as the Fiji scrubfowl or lost megapode, is an extinct megapode that was endemic to Fiji. The epithet ""amissus"", from Latin ""lost"", refers to its extinction. Subfossil remains were collected from the Udit cave at Wainibuku on the island of Viti Levu in October 1998 by Trevor Worthy, G. Udy and S. Mataraba, and described by Worthy in 2000. The holotype is held by the Museum of New Zealand (reg. no: S.037468). The megapode was similar in size to, or slightly larger than, the living orange-footed scrubfowl, though it"
"classified as extinct (and as of mid-2017, remains listed as such, pending an update by the IUCN), due to huge declines probably related to the disease chytridiomycosis, climate change and habitat loss. The species was not recorded between 1989 and 2016, despite some searching in historical localities. It was rediscovered in March 2016 when four adults (two males and two females) were located in Imbabura in two small forest patches in an area heavily modified for agriculture and livestock. These individuals tested negative for chytridiomycosis and were brought to the Jambatu Research and Conservation Center in the hope of establishing"
"of fifteen years before, and they have become extinct in the Ganges' main tributaries. A recent survey by the World Wildlife Fund found only 3,000 left in the water catchment of both river systems. The Ganges river dolphin is one of only five true freshwater dolphins in the world. The other four are the baiji (""Lipotes vexillifer"") of the Yangtze River in China, now likely extinct; the Indus river dolphin of the Indus River in Pakistan; the Amazon river dolphin of the Amazon River in South America; and the Araguaian river dolphin (not considered a separate species until 2014) of"
"Peninsula in 1886. Seal killings continued, and the last reliable report of the animal alive was in 1952. The IUCN declared it extinct in 1996. The Japanese sea lion was common around the Japanese islands, but overexploitation and competition from fisheries drastically decreased the population in the 1930s. The last recorded individual was a juvenile in 1974. As of 2013, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recognizes 35 pinniped species. With the Japanese sea lion and the Caribbean monk seal recently extinct, ten more are considered at risk, as they are ranked ""Critically Endangered"" (the Mediterranean and Hawaiian"