Which new state was proclaimed at the Gate of Heavenly Peace on 1st October 1949?
"Film Festival. This time, controversy would be generated not by the exiled dissident community, but by the Chinese government. According to ""Newsweek"" (Oct. 9, 1995), the Chinese Consulate in New York was “not happy” to hear that ""The Gate of Heavenly Peace"" would be part of the festival. Consular officials said that “the film was an insult to China, and unless it was removed from the festival, they would be forced to withdraw [Zhang Yimou’s new film] Shanghai Triad.” Other film festivals were also subjected to similar pressures; for example, in an official letter to the director of Filmfest DC,"
"December 14, 1955. In April 1949, after the country gained control of the West Bank, the country's official name became the ""Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"". Transjordan was one of the Arab states opposed to the second partition of Palestine and creation of Israel in May 1948. It participated in the war between the Arab states and the newly founded State of Israel. Thousands of Palestinians fled the Arab-Israeli fighting to the West Bank and Jordan. The Armistice Agreements of 3 April 1949 left Jordan in control of the West Bank and provided that the armistice demarcation lines were without prejudice"
"end of March, the figure had risen to 2,000 dead and 4,000 wounded. On May 14, 1948, one day before the British Mandate expired, Ben-Gurion declared ""the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel"". The declaration was stated to be ""by virtue of our natural and historic right and on the strength of the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly"". The Declaration stated that the State of Israel would ""ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex; it will guarantee freedom"
"heralding the start of the 1948 Palestine War. After the war, which Palestinians call the ""Nakba"", the 1949 Armistice Agreements established the separation lines between the combatants, leaving Israel in control of some of the areas designated for the Arab state under the Partition Plan, Transjordan in control of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, Egypt in control of the Gaza Strip and Syria in control of the Himmah Area. In 1950, Jordan annexed the West Bank. Only the United Kingdom formally recognized the annexation of the West Bank, excluding the case of East Jerusalem which was ""de facto"" recognized."
"""that the state of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations in its Resolution of November 29, 1947."" In 1988, Palestine declared its independence without specifying its borders. Jordan extended recognition to Palestine and ceded its claim to the West Bank to the Palestinian Liberation Organisation, which had been previously designated by the Arab League as the ""sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people"". The Israel–Jordan peace treaty was signed on October 26, 1994. The treaty resolved territorial and border issues that were ongoing since the 1948 war."
"reference to the location of the new State. The text of the communication from the provisional government of Israel to Truman was as follows: The text of the United States recognition was as follows: With this unexpected decision, US representative to the United Nations Warren Austin, whose team had been working on an alternative trusteeship proposal, shortly thereafter left his office at the UN and went home. Secretary of State Marshall sent a State Department official to the United Nations to prevent the entire United States delegation from resigning. De jure recognition came on 31 January 1949. Following UN mediation"
"the British garrison in Jerusalem withdrew, and High Commissioner Alan Cunningham left the city for Haifa, where he was to leave the country by sea. The Jewish Leadership, led by future Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, declared the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, on the afternoon of 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar), to come into force at midnight of that day. On the same day, the Provisional Government of Israel asked the US Government for recognition, on the frontiers specified in the UN Plan for Partition."
"Lausanne Conference of 1949 The Lausanne Conference of 1949 was convened by the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) from 27 April to 12 September 1949 in Lausanne, Switzerland. Representatives of Israel, the Arab states Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, and the Arab Higher Committee and a number of refugee delegations were in attendance to resolve disputes arising from the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, mainly about refugees and territories in connection with Resolution 194 and Resolution 181. After the adoption of the UN Partition Plan and the end of the British Mandate, the Yishuv proclaimed the State of Israel. During"
"9 October 1952. Its site—like UN headquarters buildings in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi—is designated as international territory. The Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie, was elected as the first UN Secretary-General. Though the UN's primary mandate was peacekeeping, the division between the US and USSR often paralysed the organization, generally allowing it to intervene only in conflicts distant from the Cold War. A notable exception was a Security Council resolution on 7 July 1950 authorizing a US-led coalition to repel the North Korean invasion of South Korea, passed in the absence of the USSR.), and the signing the Korean Armistice Agreement"
"aided by soldiers sent from Iraq. After capturing the West Bank during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan. The name of the state was changed to The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan on 1 December 1948 but it remained under heavy British influence. Egypt made significant gains early in the war, but these were reversed in late December 1948 when the Israeli army, in ""Operation Horev"" drove Egyptian forces out of the Negev and encircled the Egyptian Forces in the Gaza Strip, forcing Egypt to withdraw and accept a ceasefire. On 7 January 1949, a"
"out of the country at a time. A Jewish businessman was hanged for helping Jews emigrate. In present times, the Arab–Israeli conflict is a defining event in the relationship between Muslims and Jews. The State of Israel was proclaimed on 14 May 1948, one day before the expiry of the British Mandate of Palestine. Not long after, five Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq—attacked Israel, launching the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. After almost a year of fighting, a ceasefire was declared and temporary borders, known as the Green Line, were instituted. Jordan annexed what became known as the West Bank"
"Tripartite Declaration of 1950 The Tripartite Declaration of 1950, also called the Tripartite Agreement of 1950, was a joint statement by the United States, United Kingdom, and France to guarantee the territorial ""status quo"" that had been determined by the 1949 Arab–Israeli Armistice Agreements. Developed from discussions related to the armistice, the declaration outlined the parties' commitment to peace and stability in the Middle East and their opposition to the use or the threat of force. They pledged to take action within and outside the United Nations to prevent violations of the frontiers or armistice lines. Further, they reiterated their"
"Conciliation Commission, chaired by the United States of America, submitted the plan to the General Assembly. The General Assembly did not accept the plan and it was not discussed. On 5 December 1949, Israeli Prime Minister Ben-Gurion declared Jewish Jerusalem (i.e., West Jerusalem ) an organic, inseparable part of the State of Israel. He also declared Israel no longer bound by Resolution 181 and the ""corpus separatum"" null and void, on grounds that the UN had not made good on its guarantees of security for the people of Jerusalem under that agreement. Four days later, on 9 December 1949, the"
"the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 and given concrete expression in the Law of Return, passed by the Knesset on 5 July 1950, which declared: ""Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh."" This was extended in 1970 to include non-Jews with a Jewish grandparent, and their spouses. These declarations were widely condemned and considered racist by Palestinians. While nowadays the concept of a Jewish homeland means almost always the State of Israel under some variation of its current borders, in the course of Jewish history after ancient Israel and Judah there have"
"Israeli Declaration of Independence The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national"
"Israeli Declaration of Independence The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national"
"predictions that the battle for Jerusalem would be merciless. On 14 May 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. Both superpower leaders, U.S. President Harry S. Truman (de facto) and the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, immediately recognized the new state, while the Arab League refused to accept the UN partition plan, proclaimed the right of self-determination for the Arabs across the whole of Palestine, and maintained that the absence of legal authority made it necessary to intervene"
"offensive. The Arab Palestinian economy collapsed and 250,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled. On 14 May 1948, the day before the expiration of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, declared ""the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel."" The only reference in the text of the Declaration to the borders of the new state is the use of the term ""Eretz-Israel"" (""Land of Israel""). The following day, the armies of four Arab countries—Egypt, Syria, Transjordan and Iraq—entered what had been British Mandatory Palestine, launching the 1948"
"State of Judea The State of Judea (, ""Medīnat Yəhuda"") is a proposed halachic state in the West Bank put forward by Israeli Jewish settlers. After the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) declared the existence of a Palestinian state in 1988, some settler activists (primarily Kahanists) feared that international pressure would lead Israel to withdraw from the West Bank and sought to lay the groundwork for an Orthodox Jewish state in the West Bank if this came to pass. The establishment of this state was announced in a Jerusalem hotel on December 27. Veteran Kahanist, Michael Ben-Horin, was declared president of"
"1949 Armistice Agreements The 1949 Armistice Agreements are a set of armistice agreements signed during 1949 between Israel and neighboring Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria to formally end the official hostilities of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and establish armistice lines between Israeli forces and Jordanian-Iraqi forces, also known as the ""Green Line."" The United Nations established supervising and reporting agencies to monitor the established armistice lines. In addition, discussions related to the armistice enforcement, led to the signing of the separate Tripartite Declaration of 1950 between the United States, Britain, and France. In it, they pledged to take action within"
"British Mandate for Palestine and partition Palestine into ""independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem."" On 14 May 1948, the day on which the British Mandate over Palestine expired, the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation which declared ""the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel"". On 11 May 1949, Israel was admitted to membership in the United Nations. The full text of Resolution 3379: In his address to the United Nations General Assembly the same"
"and an open war between the two populations emerged. Jordanian, Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese, Iraqi and Saudi troops invaded Palestine subsequent to the British withdrawal and the declaration of the State of Israel on May 14, 1948. The Arab invasion was denounced by the United States, the Soviet Union, and UN secretary-general Trygve Lie, although it found support from Taiwan and other UN member states. The Arab states proclaimed their aim of a ""United State of Palestine"" in place of Israel and an Arab state. The Arab Higher Committee said, that in the future Palestine, the Jews will be no more"
"finish on 15 May 1948. The operative paragraph of the ""Declaration of the Establishment of State of Israel"" of 14 May 1948 expresses the declaration to be ""by virtue of our natural and historic right and on the basis of the resolution of the United Nations General Assembly"". The operative paragraph concludes with the words of Ben-Gurion, where he thereby declares ""the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel"". The new state was quickly recognised by the United States ""de facto"", the Soviet Union, and many other countries, but not by"
"1931 when the Statute of Westminster gave legal recognition to the sovereignty of dominions. Known as the ""British Commonwealth"", the original members were the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Irish Free State, and Newfoundland, although Australia and New Zealand did not adopt the statute until 1942 and 1947 respectively. In 1949, the London Declaration was signed and marked the birth of the modern Commonwealth and the adoption of its present name. The newest member is Rwanda, which joined on 29 November 2009. The most recent departure was the Maldives, which severed its connection with the Commonwealth on"
"over Palestine expired, the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum and approved a proclamation that declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel. The declaration was made by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization. There were no mention of the borders of the new state other than that it was in Eretz Israel. An official to the UN Secretary-General on 15 May 1948 stated publicly that Arab Governments found ""themselves compelled to intervene for the sole purpose of restoring peace and security and"
"as the Line of Control. A formal cease-fire was declared at 23:59 on the night of 1 January 1949. India gained control of about two-third of the state (including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh) whereas Pakistan gained roughly a third of Most neutral assessments, agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to conquer about two-third of the Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh. After the war with Pakistan, India turned its attention to the independent Hyderabad State. India perceived the nearby independent Muslim state and potential Pakistani ally as a threat. In a"
"Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt signed the 1949 Armistice Agreements with Israel. The remaining territories, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan, respectively. Jordan also annexed East Jerusalem while Israel administered West Jerusalem. In 1950, the West Bank was unilaterally incorporated into Jordan. Between 700,000 and 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from the area that became Israel and became what is known today as the Palestinian refugees. The Palestinian refugees were not allowed to return to Israel and most of the neighboring Arab states, with the exception of Transjordan, denied granting them"
"1947–1949 Palestine war The 1947–49 Palestine war, known in Hebrew as the War of Independence (, ""Milkhemet Ha'Atzma'ut"") or the War of Liberation (, ""Milkhemet HaShikhrur"") and in Arabic as The Nakba or Catastrophe (, ""al-Nakba""), refers to the war that occurred in the former Mandatory Palestine during the period between the United Nations vote on the partition plan on November 30, 1947, and the official end of the first Arab–Israeli war on July 20, 1949. Historians divide the war into two phases: At the end of the war, the State of Israel kept the area that had been recommended"
"officially recognized as an independent state by the United Kingdom in the Treaty of London (1946). Some countries continued to dispute its independent status. With the announcement by Britain that it would unilaterally withdraw from the Mandate on 15 May 1948, the players in the region commenced maneuvers to secure their positions and objectives in the power vacuum brought on by the departing British. The objective of the surrounding Arab countries in the take-over of the whole of the British Mandate was set out on April 12, 1948, when the Arab League announced:The Arab armies shall enter Palestine to rescue"
"London Declaration The London Declaration was a declaration issued by the 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference on the issue of India's continued membership in the Commonwealth of Nations after its transition to a republican constitution. It was made in London on 28 April 1949 and marked the birth of the modern Commonwealth. Drafted by the Indian statesman V. K. Krishna Menon , the declaration had two main provisions: It allowed the Commonwealth to admit and retain members that were not Dominions, so including both republics and indigenous monarchies, and it changed the name of the organisation from the British Commonwealth"
"but following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War this area was captured by Transjordan (renamed Jordan two years after independence in 1946). 1949 Armistice Agreements defined the interim boundary between Israel and Jordan. In 1950, Transjordan annexed the area west of the Jordan River, naming it ""West Bank"" or ""Cisjordan"", and designated the area east of the river as ""East Bank"" or ""Transjordan"". Jordan ruled over the West Bank from 1948 until 1967. Jordan's annexation was never formally recognized by the international community, with the exception of the United Kingdom. A two-state option, dividing Palestine, as opposed to a binary solution arose"
"last soldiers of the British mandate left Palestine, David Ben-Gurion proclaimed on May 14, 1948, the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel to be known as the State of Israel. In 1949 the war ended and the state of Israel started building the state and absorbing massive waves of hundreds of thousands of Jews from all over the world. Since 1948, Israel has been involved in a series of major military conflicts, including the 1956 Suez Crisis, 1967 Six-Day War, 1973 Yom Kippur War, 1982 Lebanon War, and 2006 Lebanon War, as well as a nearly constant series"
"for the termination of the British Mandate for Palestine and the partition of its lands into Arab and Jewish independent states. The partition was rejected by the Arab Palestinians and the Arab League. The expiration of the mandate on 15 May 1948 saw the declaration of the State of Israel and the subsequent invasion of the former mandate territories by neighbouring Arab states. The ensuing Arab–Israeli War, which saw the end of hostilities in 1949 following a series of armistice agreements between belligerents states, resulted in demarcation of the Gaza Strip to Egypt, the West Bank to Jordan, the Golan"