.ee is the top-level internet domain name for which former Soviet republic?
".ee .ee is the internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of Estonia, operated by the Estonian Internet Foundation. The top-level domain .ee was introduced in 1992 and was operated by EENet until July 2010. The administrator of .ee domain was the academic Endel Lippmaa. There was a limit of one domain name per legal entity, and registrations of additional names to protect trademarks were specifically denied because ""The domain name has no trademark status"". As domains under .ee were meant to be an institution's identification on the Internet (like the register code in the commercial register), registration of additional domains"
"The first Internet connections in the country were introduced in 1992 at academic facilities in Tallinn and Tartu. The national domain (.ee) was registered in the middle of 1992. By virtue of its geographical location, the country played important role in transporting Internet culture to neighbouring Russia. One of the first backbone links for Russia was built in 1991 by Relcom through Estonia to Finland. In 1996 Estonian president Lennart Meri started the four-year state program ""Tiigrihüpe"" to computerize and internetize all of the country's schools. The first public Wi-Fi area was launched in 2001 and a system of mobile"
".su .su was assigned as the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Soviet Union (USSR) on 19 September 1990 . Even though the Soviet Union itself was dissolved a mere 15 months later, the .su top-level domain remains in use today. It is administered by the Russian Institute for Public Networks (RIPN, or RosNIIROS in Russian transcription). After 1989 a set of new internet domains was created in Europe, including .pl (Poland), .cs (Czechoslovakia), .yu (Yugoslavia) and .dd (East Germany). Among them there was also a domain for the USSR – .su. Initially, before two-letter ccTLDs became standard, the"
".yu .yu was the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) that was assigned to Yugoslavia and was mainly used by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its successor Serbia and Montenegro between 1994 and 2010. After Serbia and Montenegro acquired separate .rs and .me domains in 2007, a transition period started, and the .yu domain finally expired on 30 March 2010. It was the most heavily used top-level domain ever to be deleted. The .yu ccTLD was assigned originally to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, during the government project for the development of scientific-technological information (SNTIJ). The official registrants"
"the top-level domain, so Cyrillic second-level domains must go under .ею instead of .eu. Older Cyrillic domains under .eu were cloned into .ею at its launch. An application for a top level domain using Greek letters, .ευ was submitted in 2016. The application was turned down because it was too visually similar to .eu. The Greek name of the EU is , but .εε would be too visually similar to .ee, the top level domain of Estonia. .eu .eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU). Launched on 7 December 2005, the domain is available"
"radio and television) as well as the Internet and digital media characterises the contemporary media system in Estonia. The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (ESSR) became the first republic within the Soviet sphere of influence to declare state sovereignty from Moscow in 1988. The ESSR was renamed as the Republic of Estonia on May 8, 1990, while the independence of the country was re-established in 1991, when it was also recognized by the Soviet Union. The free and independent journalism that flourished in the 1920s and 1930s has been increasingly repressed after the Soviet occupation. Between 1945 and 1988 newspapers and"
"were the University of Maribor and the Jožef Stefan Institute, which were located in Slovenia. Computer scientist, Borka Jerman Blažič, registered the domain in 1989, which allowed Yugoslavia to have an Internet connection. When SFR Yugoslavia dissolved, Slovenia and Croatia registered their own ccTLDs (.si and .hr). Serbia and Montenegro formed the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, but was under international sanctions at the time because of ongoing Yugoslav wars. The old .yu domain registry had been left in Slovenia, and the domain became a succession matter when the Slovenians refused to relinquish the domain name to the University of Belgrade"
"Soviet Union was to receive a .ussr domain. The .su domain was proposed by the then-19-year-old Finnish student Petri Ojala. On 26 December 1991 the country formally ceased to exist and its constituent republics gained independence, which should have caused the domain to begin a phase-out process, as happened with those of East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Until 1993 there was no assigned top-level domain name for Russia. For this reason the country continued to use the Soviet domain. In 1993 the .ru domain was created, which is supposed to eventually replace the .su domain (domains for the republics other"
"corresponding to the needs of research and education and promotion of the use of information technology. The Estonian Education and Research Network (EENet) was established in August 1993 as a governmental non-profit organization. From 1997 until April 2013 EENet operated as a state agency administered by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research. In April, 2013 EENet was transferred to the Information Technology Foundation for Education with all current rights of representation in international organisations. EENet managed the Estonian top level domain (.ee) and the Registry during 1993-2013. EENet Estonian Educational and Research Network (EENet) is a structural unit of"
"in the defense of a trademark or a name form is not possible. Valid registrations were free of charge. The new order of registration of .ee TLD became available on 5 July 2010. Estonian Internet Foundation took over .ee ccTLD registry functions from EENet. All existing domains registered before the transition had to be re-registered during a 6-month transition period which ended on 5 January 2011. Registration services can be done through accredited registrars listed on Estonian Internet Foundation website. New .ee domain rules allow unlimited number of domains to be registered by private and legal persons directly under .ee."
"possibility to vote online — the first case of its kind in the world. In 2008, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established a joint cyberdefense center in Estonia to improve cyberdefense interoperability and provide security support for all NATO members. In 2009, the Estonian Internet Foundation was established to manage Estonia’s top level domain, "".ee"". As a multi-stakeholder organization it represents the Estonian Internet community internationally with respect to various Internet governance issues. In 2013 there were over 200 operators offering electronic communications services, including six mobile phone companies and numerous Internet service providers. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)"
"Internet in Estonia The Internet in Estonia has one of the highest penetration rates in the world. In the first quarter of 2010, 75% out of 1.34 million people in the country used the Internet according to Statistics Estonia. In 2017, according to the World Bank came 13th in the world by the percentage of population using the Internet, with 88.1% people using it. In 1965 the first school computer in the USSR, Ural-1, was set up in the town of Nõo. Mass usage of computing networks first came with FidoNet, the first Estonian node of which appeared in 1989."
"Soviet Union; the independent states in former Yugoslavia (which were not considered part of the Eastern bloc); and the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (which chose not to join the CIS with the other 12 former republics of the USSR). The CEE countries are further subdivided by their accession status to the European Union (EU): the eight first-wave accession countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Slovenia), the two second-wave accession countries that joined on 1 January 2007 (Romania and Bulgaria) and the third-wave accession country that"
".eu .eu is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the European Union (EU). Launched on 7 December 2005, the domain is available for any person, company or organization based in the European Economic Area (the EU member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). The TLD is administered by EURid, a consortium originally consisting of the national ccTLD registry operators of Belgium, Sweden, and Italy, joined later by the national registry operator of the Czech Republic. Trademark owners were able to submit registrations through a sunrise period, in an effort to prevent cybersquatting. Full registration started on 7 April 2006. The"
".ie .ie is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) which corresponds with the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for the Republic of Ireland. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) list the Computing Services Computer Centre of University College Dublin as its sponsoring organisation for the .ie domain. Since 2000 the business of administrating the domain registry has been handled by IE Domain Registry Limited. Domain name registration is open to individuals located in, or with a significant connection with, any part of the island of Ireland. In 2006, .irish was a proposed new generic top-level domain (gTLD) for the global Irish"
".ею, a top level domain using Cyrillic letters was put into operation on 1 June 2016. A Cyrillic domain was needed because Bulgaria, a member of the EU, uses the Cyrillic alphabet. The EU is called ЕС in Bulgarian Cyrillic, but .ес is much too similar to .ec, an existing domain, so .ею was chosen. (While the letters look identical to those used in English, ЕС and .ес in Bulgarian Cyrillic do not use the same character set, and are distinct for data-processing purposes.) EurId has a rule that the second-level domain name must be in the same script as"
".sk .sk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Slovakia. It is administered by SK-NIC a.s. SK-NIC, a. s., is the administrator of the top-level domain .sk. It is recognized since middle of 90-ties by the manager of the DNS route zone, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, as the delegated manager of .SK (changing its name from EUNET Slovakia to EuroWeb Slovakia in 1999 and to SK-NIC in 2006). In 2006, SK-NIC also entered into an agreement with the Slovak Government unique among country codes in Europe, voluntarily transferring some of the competences of domain administration to the"
".si .si is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Slovenia. It is administered by the ARNES, the Academic and Research Network of Slovenia. In 2010, the registry has hosted 80,000 domain names. In 2012, that number increased to 100,000 "".si"" domain names when the domain ""zj.si"" was registered by Jasico d.o.o. Domain hacks for the .si TLD are quite popular, since ""si"" is second person singular of the ""to be"" verb in the Slovene language. As such, many domains have been created that are using such domain hack, one of the most popular being ""zadovoljna.si"" (""""You are pleased"""","
"negotiations with ICANN on retaining the domain. In the first quarter of 2008, .su registrations increased by 45%. The domain was intended to be used by Soviet institutions and companies operating in the USSR. Despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the superseding of the TLD by the new country TLDs of the republics that gained independence, it is still in use. Most of the .su domains are registered in Russia and the United States. According to the ""RU-CENTER"" data from May 2010, there were over 93,500 registered domains with the .su TLD (there are over 2.8 million .ru"
"Foreign entities and persons can register .ee domains. Domain disputes are handled by Domain Disputes Committee. Domains can be registered and renewed for 1, 2 and 3 years. Registration fee for registrars is set to 6, 12, 18 euros in 2017 depending on the registration period. The final cost is influenced by competition on the market. The new order of domain registering in 2010 was met with great controversy. The relaunch of the registry was at one point delayed to be reassessed. When the relaunch was finalized, the annual fee for a .ee domain was announced to be 285 Estonian"
"use .yu domain. The second-level domains under .yu included: Montenegrin websites often used subdomain .cg.yu which was given for free to customers of a Montenegrin ISP which registered the domain, making it a popular option for those who opt not to register a domain for their website. The domain is part of the story in the film, ""From Yu to Me""(2013). .yu .yu was the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) that was assigned to Yugoslavia and was mainly used by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its successor Serbia and Montenegro between 1994 and 2010. After Serbia and Montenegro"
"domains). Among the institutions still using this domain is the Russian pro-Vladimir Putin youth movement Nashi, as well as by the pro-Russian armed insurgency in Eastern Ukraine. Some organizations with roots in the former Soviet Union also still use this TLD. The domain has been reported to host many cybercrime activities due to the lax, outdated terms of use, and staying out of focus (2% usage comparing to the primary .ru zone). Rules for timely suspension of malicious domains have been in place since 2013. .su .su was assigned as the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Soviet Union"
".be .be is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Belgium. The domain became active in 1989 and was administrated by Pierre Verbaeten of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. In 2000, the control of the TLD was transferred to DNS Belgium. As of June 2013 there are 1,392,477 registered domains. It was announced in November 2005 that the initial registration of domains would be free until the beginning of 2006, though with some limits on the number any individual was allowed to register. This was remarkably popular, with some 17,000 registrations coming in on the first day of the promotion."
"of Estonia. When Lang step down on December 4, 2013, Korobeinik lost his place in the Parliament. Korobeinik was a chairman of e-parliament committee. He is a chess player, and on 20 November 2011 was elected as president of Estonian Chess Union. Andrei Korobeinik Andrei Korobeinik (born 5 November 1980) is an Estonian computer programmer and entrepreneur, founder and CEO of Rate Solutions and Serenda Invest. He is better known as creator of Estonian social networking site, Rate.ee. Between 2011 and 2013 he was a member of the Estonian parliament. In 2005, 51% share of the Rate.ee portal was sold"
"EURid EURid vzw (European Registry for Internet Domains) is the non-profit organisation appointed by the European Commission as the domain name registry that operates the .eu top-level domain and its variants in other scripts - .ею (.eu in Cyrillic) as of 1 June 2016. Established in Belgium, with its headquarters located in Diegem, EURid is a consortium of two European ccTLD operators: DNS Belgium (.be) and IIT-CNR (.it). In October 2006, EURid opened their first branch office in Stockholm. Two further branch offices were opened in Italy and the Czech Republic since then. EURid’s strategic committee consists of Pierre Verbaeten"
"union under a new treaty in the form of the Union of Sovereign States, soon afterwards many constituents declared their full independence, and the process resulted in the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The first region to declare independence was the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (January 19, 1990; however Heydar Aliyev, the leader of Azerbaijan SSR, having roots in Nakhchivan, managed to keep Nakhchivan Republic within Azerbaijan). The first top-level Soviet republic to declare independence was Estonian SSR (November 16, 1988: Estonian Sovereignty Declaration, March 30, 1990: decree on the transition to the restoration of the Estonian statehood, May"
"Czechoslovakia (now using cz for Czech Republic and sk for Slovak Republic), dd for East Germany (using de after reunification of Germany), yu for SFR Yugoslavia (now using ba for Bosnia and Herzegovina, hr for Croatia, me for Montenegro, mk for Macedonia, rs for Serbia and si for Slovenia), and zr for Zaire (now cd for Democratic Republic of the Congo). In contrast to these, the TLD su has remained active despite the demise of the Soviet Union that it represents. Under the chairmanship of Nigel Roberts, ICANN's ccNSO is working on a policy for retirement of ccTLDs that have"
"order is required to access the contents of these communications. Internet in Serbia The Internet in Serbia is well developed. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Serbia is .rs and .срб. Linking of Yugoslavia into global electronic networks began at the end of the 1980s. The European Academic Research Network (EARN) was functioning in Europe at that time. In 1988 the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Belgrade, proposed that Yugoslav universities join the EARN. The University of Belgrade became a node of the EARN in 1989, when the first international connection of the academic network between"
"Internet in Serbia The Internet in Serbia is well developed. The Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Serbia is .rs and .срб. Linking of Yugoslavia into global electronic networks began at the end of the 1980s. The European Academic Research Network (EARN) was functioning in Europe at that time. In 1988 the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Belgrade, proposed that Yugoslav universities join the EARN. The University of Belgrade became a node of the EARN in 1989, when the first international connection of the academic network between Belgrade and Linz became active. The capacity of this link"
"Scotia, .nt.ca — Northwest Territories, .nu.ca — Nunavut, .on.ca — Ontario, .pe.ca — Prince Edward Island, .qc.ca — Quebec, .sk.ca — Saskatchewan, .yk.ca — Yukon Since 2010, some have been replaced (for example, alberta.ca) while others have remained under the provincial two letter SLD (e.g., transport Ontario www.mto.gov.on.ca) while others have been moved to more traditional subdomains (www.transportation.alberta.ca). Historic second-level domains for France included: "".tm.fr"" (for brands), .""com.fr"" (for commercial use) and "".asso.fr."" Historic second-level domains for The Netherlands included: .""co.nl"" (for commercial use) In 2006 the .yu ccTLD was replaced by rs (for Serbia) and .me (for Montenegro). Second-level"
"Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; ENSV; ЭССР, ""Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika"" ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia or Estonia was an unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union, administered by a subordinate of the government of the Soviet Union. The ESSR was initially established on the territory of the Republic of Estonia on July 21, 1940, following the invasion of Soviet troops on June 17, 1940, and the installation of a puppet government backed by the Soviet Union, which declared Estonia a Soviet constituency. The Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet"
"The first IP connection in the country was established between Jožef Stefan Institute and the Dutch NIKHEF institute in October 1991. The laboratory for open systems and networks at the Jožef Stefan Institute housed the primary domain server for the .yu domain at the time. .si top-level domain was registered in 1992 after Slovenia gained independence, however the use of .yu TLD continued for several years and only in the second half of the 1990s was the registry transferred to University of Belgrade. Similarly, the use of X.400 and X.25 protocols by ARNES continued for several years due to established"
"been managed by SK-NIC, a.s.. All staff and technology used by SK-NIC, a.s., is situated in Slovakia, where it operates with perfect 100% of DNS availability rate since it as a fully owned subsidiary of the global group CentralNic, listed on the London stock Exchange. CentralNic acquired SK-Nic from a private Netherlands-based company in December 2017. Before the split in 1993 former Czechoslovakia used domain .cs. .sk .sk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Slovakia. It is administered by SK-NIC a.s. SK-NIC, a. s., is the administrator of the top-level domain .sk. It is recognized since middle"