Which German battle cruiser was sunk in the battle of the North Cape in December 1942?
"Fleet and Flag Officer, 2nd Battle Squadron in June 1942. He was appointed a Grand Officer of the Dutch Order of Orange-Nassau on 19 January 1943. Fraser was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet in May 1943 and appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath]] in the 1943 Birthday Honours. In the role of Commander-in-Chief of the Home Fleet, he commanded the Royal Navy force that destroyed the German battleship ""Scharnhorst"" at the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943. Units of the Home Fleet regularly escorted convoys to Murmansk in the Soviet Union: Fraser was"
"Battle of the North Cape The Battle of the North Cape was a Second World War naval battle which occurred on 26 December 1943, as part of the Arctic Campaign. The German battleship , on an operation to attack Arctic Convoys of war matériel from the Western Allies to the USSR, was brought to battle and sunk by Royal Navy (RN) forces—the battleship plus several cruisers and destroyers—off Norway's North Cape. The battle was the last between big-gun capital ships in the war between Britain and Germany. The British victory confirmed the massive strategic advantage held by the British, at"
"on the night of never to sail again; ""Scharnhorst"" was sunk at the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943. German commerce raiding against British north Atlantic convoys was made easier by the capture of Norway and France in 1939 and 1940. An abortive sortie by the cruiser ""Admiral Hipper"" ended at Brest, at the west end of the Brittany peninsula, on 27 December 1940. After five weeks of bombing to no effect, the ship put to sea on 1 February 1941, sank numerous ships and returned on 14 February, before sailing Germany using the roundabout route via"
"German submarine U-457 German submarine ""U-457"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. She carried out three patrols, on which she sank two ships and damaged one more. She was sunk northeast of the North Cape by a British warship, in September 1942. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ""U-457"" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The"
"SMS Cap Trafalgar SMS ""Cap Trafalgar"" was a German passenger ocean liner converted to an auxiliary cruiser during World War I. She was the first armed merchant cruiser sunk by a ship of the same class; she was destroyed by , also a converted ocean liner, in a furious action in the South Atlantic in September 1914. It was the world's first battle between ocean liners. The passenger liner SS ""Cap Trafalgar"" was built at the AG Vulcan Shipyard on the Elbe River in Hamburg, Germany for the ""Hamburg-South America Line"" for their service between Germany and the River Plate"
"of 10/11 February 1944, 15 Soviet aircraft attacked the battleship, but did not cause any damage. By 17 March, the repairs to ""Tirpitz""s armament, machinery and hull were complete, but several minor repair tasks were outstanding. During the period the ship was under repair, ""Scharnhorst"", the only remaining operational German battleship, was sunk on 26 December during the Battle of the North Cape. Following this engagement the Royal Navy stopped deploying battleships to cover convoys travelling to and from the Soviet Union. By this stage of the war the Allies also had large numbers of anti-submarine and anti-aircraft escort ships"
"German submarine U-412 German submarine ""U-412"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. She carried out one patrol. She sank or damaged no ships. She was sunk northeast of the Faroe Islands, in October 1942, by a British aircraft. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ""U-412"" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by"
"dropped by a Vickers Wellington of No. 179 Squadron RAF. Forty-seven men died in ""U-412""; there were no survivors. German submarine U-412 German submarine ""U-412"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. She carried out one patrol. She sank or damaged no ships. She was sunk northeast of the Faroe Islands, in October 1942, by a British aircraft. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ""U-412"" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of"
"SM U-52 SM ""U-52"" was one of 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. ""U-52"" was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic. ""U-52"" was noted for sinking two warships, the first warship (and second kill) being the Royal Navy's light cruiser , sunk in the North Sea on August 19, 1916 at . Thirty-eight men were lost. The sinking of ""Nottingham"" was an important event in the German Imperial Navy's action of August 19. At that time Otto Ciliax was watch officer on board the submarine."
"120 Squadron RAF. The 120 Squadron attack, in the same area southeast of Cape Farewell where ""U-132"" inadvertently sunk herself, had actually been on operating nearby, causing severe damage but not sinking her. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Credit for sinking this vessel belongs to ""U-442"" German submarine U-132 (1941) German submarine ""U-132"" was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" for service during World War II. She was laid down on 10 August 1940 by Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 11, launched on 10 April 1941 and commissioned on 29 May that year under ""Oberleutnant zur See"" Ernst Vogelsang. In four"
"In early 1942, after repeated British bombing raids, the two ships made a daylight dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. In early 1943, ""Scharnhorst"" joined the in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. ""Scharnhorst"" and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy, but British naval patrols intercepted the German force. During the Battle of the North Cape (26 December 1943), the Royal Navy battleship and her escorts sank ""Scharnhorst"". Only 36 men were rescued, out of a crew of 1,968. ""Scharnhorst"" was ordered as ""Ersatz Elsass"" as a replacement for the"
"engagement with ""Glorious"", ""Scharnhorst"" achieved one of the longest-range naval gunfire hits in history. In early 1942, the two ships made a daylight dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. In late 1942, ""Gneisenau"" was heavily damaged in an Allied air raid against Kiel. In early 1943, ""Scharnhorst"" joined the in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. ""Scharnhorst"" and several destroyers sortied from Norway to attack a convoy; the Germans were instead intercepted by British naval patrols. During the battle of North Cape, the Royal Navy battleship sank ""Scharnhorst"". In the meantime, repair work"
"by German aircraft off Narvik during the Norwegian campaign on 26 May 1940; ""Calypso"" was sunk by the Italian submarine ""Bagnolini"" on 12 June 1940; ""Calcutta"" was attacked and sunk by German aircraft during the evacuation of Crete on 1 June 1941; ""Cairo"" was sunk on 12 August 1942 by the during Operation Pedestal (the pivotal resupply of Malta); ""Coventry"" was badly damaged by German aircraft while covering a raid on Tobruk on 14 September 1942, forcing the destroyer to scuttle her; and ""Curacoa"" was sunk after colliding with the ocean liner on 2 October 1942. remained the Royal Navy"
"German battleship and, with the cruiser , intercepted one of the German supply ships, ""Belchen"", on 3 June 1941. Between July and August 1941, as part of Force K with the Home Fleet, she was involved in operations to Spitzbergen and Bear Island (Operation Gauntlet). After one of these sorties, in company with the cruiser , she intercepted a German troop convoy off Northern Norway, and the German was sunk. In the autumn she was transferred to the Mediterranean and arrived in Malta on 21 October 1941 to join a new Force K. On 9 November 1941 leading Force K,"
"""Scharnhorst"" was then caught by the more powerful HMS ""Duke of York"" and suffered critical damage before being sunk after several torpedo hits from British cruisers. Of ""Scharnhorst""s crew of 1,968, Royal Navy vessels fished 36 men alive from the icy sea, not one of them an officer. Erich Bey Erich Bey (23 March 1898 – 26 December 1943), was a German admiral during World War II. He served as commander of the Kriegsmarine's destroyer forces and commanded the battleship ""Scharnhorst"" in the Battle of the North Cape on 26 December 1943, during which the German ship was sunk. Bey"
"sank. According to documents from the Naval Department, the following are survivors of the sinking: German submarine U-352 German submarine ""U-352"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 11 March 1940 at the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg, launched on 7 May 1941, and commissioned on 28 August 1941 under the command of ""Kapitänleutnant"" Hellmut Rathke. She was part of the 3rd U-boat Flotilla, and was ready for front-line service by 1 January 1942. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ""U-352"" had"
"of the North Cape in late 1943. The second pair were the 15-inch gun , consisting of the and . The ""Bismarck"" was sunk on her first sortie into the Atlantic in 1941 (Operation ""Rheinübung"") although she did sink the battlecruiser ""Hood"" and severely damage the battleship ""Prince of Wales"", while the ""Tirpitz"" was based in Norwegian ports during most of the war as a fleet in being, tying up Allied naval forces, and subject to a number of attacks by British aircraft and submarines. More battleships were planned (the H-class), but construction was abandoned in September 1939. The ""Pocket"
"The Battle of the Barents Sea in December 1942 was an attempt by a German naval surface force to attack an Allied Arctic convoy. However, the advantage was not pressed home and they returned to base. There were serious implications: this failure infuriated Hitler, who nearly enforced a decision to scrap the surface fleet. Instead, resources were diverted to new U-boats, and the surface fleet became a lesser threat to the Allies. After December 1943 when had been sunk in an attack on an Arctic convoy in the Battle of North Cape by , most German surface ships in bases"
"around Cape Town. She made her only kill on 8 October, sinking the unescorted . All but one of the 99 crewmen survived. The survivors managed to recover a cat from the wreckage after the sinking. The boat was sunk by depth charges from the British destroyer west southwest of Cape Town in South Africa on 8 October 1942. Sixty-one men died, there were no survivors. German submarine U-179 German submarine ""U-179"" was a Type IXD2 U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" built for service during World War II. Ordered on 28 May 1940, the U-boat was laid down on 15"
"German auxiliary cruiser Komet Komet (German for comet) (HSK-7) was an auxiliary cruiser of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" in the Second World War, intended for service as a commerce raider. Known to the Kriegsmarine as Schiff 45, to the Royal Navy she was named Raider B. After completing one successful raid in the South Pacific, she was sunk by British motor torpedo boats in October 1942 whilst attempting to break out into the Atlantic on another. Launched on 16 January 1937 as the merchant ship ""Ems"" at Deschimag A.G. Weser shipyard in Bremen for Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL), she was requisitioned at"
"Action of 4 April 1941 The Action of 4 April 1941 was a naval battle fought during the Atlantic Campaign of the Second World War. A German commerce raider encountered a British auxiliary cruiser and sank her with heavy losses after an hour of fighting. The ""Kriegsmarine"" auxiliary cruiser was raiding in the mid Atlantic in early 1941. On that cruise, the Germans engaged two other British armed merchant cruisers (HMS ""Alcantara"" and HMS ""Carnavon Castle"") in surface battles but they ended indecisively. So when ""Thor"" encountered , her crew were already battle tested and anxious to sink an enemy"
"German submarine U-132 (1941) German submarine ""U-132"" was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" for service during World War II. She was laid down on 10 August 1940 by Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack as yard number 11, launched on 10 April 1941 and commissioned on 29 May that year under ""Oberleutnant zur See"" Ernst Vogelsang. In four patrols, ""U-132"" sank eight ships for a total of . She was a member of three wolfpacks. The submarine was lost after an attack on Convoy SC-107 in November 1942. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB"
"German submarine U-202 German submarine ""U-202"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of the ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 18 March 1940 by the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft yard at Kiel as yard number 631, launched on 10 February 1941, and commissioned on 22 March under the command of ""Kapitänleutnant"" Hans-Heinz Linder. She sank nine ships totalling and damaged four more totalling . She was sunk on 2 June 1943 in the North Atlantic by depth charges and gunfire from a British warship. 18 men died, there were 30 survivors. German Type VIIC submarines were preceded"
"Admiral Fraser received Ultra information that a sortie by the was likely to attack Convoy JW 55B, which was already at sea. German aerial reconnaissance spotted the convoy on 22 December, and ""Scharnhorst"", escorted by five destroyers of the 4th Destroyer Flotilla, sailed on 25 December to intercept it. The resulting engagement became known as the Battle of North Cape. The Germans were spotted on the morning of 26 December and were engaged by the covering force that consisted of the cruisers , HMS ""Sheffield"", and four destroyers. Meanwhile, HMS ""Jamaica"" and HMS ""Duke Of York"" approached from the south"
"off the German battleship with torpedoes, probably causing the Germans to scuttle the ship. ""Bismarck"" (accompanied by the heavy cruiser ) previously sank the battlecruiser and damaged the battleship with gunfire in the Battle of the Denmark Strait. On 19 November 1941 sank in a mutually fatal engagement with the German raider ""Kormoran"" in the Indian Ocean near Western Australia. Twenty-three British cruisers were lost to enemy action, mostly to air attack and submarines, in operations in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Indian Ocean. Sixteen of these losses were in the Mediterranean. The British included cruisers and anti-aircraft cruisers among convoy"
"German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis The German auxiliary cruiser Atlantis (HSK 2), known to the ""Kriegsmarine"" as Schiff 16 and to the Royal Navy as Raider-C, was a converted German ""Hilfskreuzer"" (auxiliary cruiser), or merchant or commerce raider of the ""Kriegsmarine"", which, in World War II, travelled more than in 602 days, and sank or captured 22 ships with a combined tonnage of 144,384. ""Atlantis"" was commanded by ""Kapitän zur See"" Bernhard Rogge, who received the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. She was sunk on 22 November 1941 by the British cruiser . Commerce raiders do"
"German submarine U-192 German submarine ""U-192"" was a very short-lived Type IXC/40 U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" built during World War II for service in the Battle of the Atlantic. During her maiden voyage in May 1943 she was sunk by a British warship, on 6 May 1943. German Type IXC/40 submarines were slightly larger than the original Type IXCs. ""U-192"" had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The"
"Battle of Cape Burnas The Battle of Cape Burnas was a naval engagement between the Soviet and Romanian navies near the Burnas Lagoon in October 1942. On 1 October 1942, the Soviet M-class submarine ""M-118"" attacked and sank the German transport ship ""Salzburg"", which was carrying on board 2,000 Soviet prisoners of war. After attacking, the submarine was located by a German BV138C flying boat, and the Romanian gunboats ""Sublocotenent Ghiculescu"" and ""Stihi Eugen"" were sent to the scene. The two Romanian warships attacked the Soviet submarine with depth-charges, sinking her with all hands. Recent surveys in the area failed"
"when she departed Bergen on 3 April and headed for the Atlantic Ocean. She had passed through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, but was attacked and sunk by a Canadian Canso (PBY Catalina) of No. 162 Squadron RCAF southwest of Iceland on 17 April. Fifty-one men died; there were no survivors. German submarine U-342 German submarine ""U-342"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. She was on her first patrol when she was sunk by a Canadian aircraft in April 1944. She did not sink or damage any ships. German Type"
"refined their naval tactics, effectively making use of new technology to counter the U-Boats. The Allies produced ships faster than they were sunk, and lost fewer ships by adopting the convoy system. Improved anti-submarine warfare meant that the life expectancy of a typical U-boat crew would be measured in months. The vastly improved Type 21 U-boat appeared as the war was ending, but too late to affect the outcome. In December 1943, the last major sea battle between the Royal Navy and Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" took place. At the Battle of North Cape, the German battleship , was sunk by"
"19th. From there she departed under the command of ""Fregattenkapitän"" (later ""Kapitän zur See"") Horst Gerlach for operations in the South Atlantic. After a cruise of 4½ months, in which she engaged and sank three ships, on 27 September 1942 the ship was sunk during a battle with an American cargo ship, the , which was also lost. During her operation the ""Stier"" sank four ships, totalling 29,409 tons (GRT). On 27 September 1942 ""Stier"" encountered the Liberty ship ""Stephen Hopkins"" en route from Cape Town to Paramaribo. Closing in foggy conditions, the two ships sighted each other around 08:52"
"Azores. Fifteen hours later, they were rescued by the Portuguese destroyer ""Lima"" and landed at Ponta Delgada. ""U-442"" met her end on 12 February 1943. She was attacked and sunk by depth charges from a British Hudson aircraft of 48 Squadron RAF, west of Cape St. Vincent, Portugal. Her wreck lies at position . ""U-442"" took part in five wolfpacks, namely. German submarine U-442 German submarine ""U-442"" was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ""Kriegsmarine"" during World War II. The submarine was laid down on 19 October 1940 at the Schichau-Werke in Danzig as yard number 1493, launched on"
"as converted artillery pieces for the German Army in German East Africa. ""Nürnberg"" was part of the German East Asia Squadron, and participated in the Battles of Coronel and Falkland Islands. At the former, she sank the British armored cruiser , and at the latter, she was in turn sunk by the cruiser . ""Stuttgart"" and ""Stettin"" remained in German waters during the war, and both saw action at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May and 1 June 1916. The two cruisers engaged in close-range night fighting with the British fleet, but neither was significantly damaged. Both ships were"