What is the name of the bike used to set the pace in a Keirin race in any indoor cycling race?
"grid is decided based on a timed qualifying flying lap. ""Keirin"". The bikes are also used to start a Keirin race for speed skating (replacing the Derny in a velodrome). In a keirin for skaters, the bike starts on the opposite side of the oval and the skaters then start from a standing start as the bike passes them. The bike then regulates the speed, which increases over two laps, before slowing and moving to the left. The skaters then sprint the last lap to the finish. Any number of skaters between six and 16 can take part in a"
"Keirin Riders use brakeless fixed-gear bicycles. Races are typically long: 6 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track. Lots are drawn to determine starting positions for the sprint riders behind the pacer, which is usually a motorcycle, but can be a derny, electric bicycle or tandem bicycle. Riders must remain behind the pacer for 3 laps on a track. The pacer starts at , gradually increasing to by its final circuit. The pacer leaves the track before the end of the race (3 laps on a track). The winner's finishing speed can exceed"
"done on the right, a blue line separating the longer passing lane from the inner. Typically four to six couples compete in a race, covering up to or racing over a set time. The keirin, a Japanese sprint with a paced start which has spread across the world, is a variation of motor-paced racing. A group of cyclists use a single pacer to get to speed and then sprint to the finish on their own. The first registered distance record behind pacers was by F. L. Dodds of Britain, who on a solid-tired bicycle rode close to in the grounds"
"when the back wheel of the pacer's bicycle nicked the bicycle of an actual competitor, causing him to fall. In a race at Iwaki-Taira Velodrome on December 14, 2008, separate infractions resulted in the disqualification of the entire field; all but one of the competitors were handed a one-year suspension by the velodrome after the race. The suspensions were lifted four months later. Keirin Riders use brakeless fixed-gear bicycles. Races are typically long: 6 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track, 4 laps on a track. Lots are drawn to determine starting positions for the sprint riders behind"
"outdoor dirt tracks, 70–90 m in length. Motor-paced racing and Keirin use motorcycles for pacing so bicyclists achieve higher speeds. Speeds achieved on indoor tracks are usually greater than those on roads. Other factors affecting speed are the route profile (flats and hills), wind conditions, temperatures and elevation. At a 2013 event in Mexico, François Pervis achieved an average of with a flying start over 200 meters. The top average speed over the men's 1 km time trial at the 2004 Summer Olympics was recorded by Chris Hoy. Average speeds clearly drop with increasing distance, so that over the 120"
"most often take place in a velodrome, a circular track that is constructed of concrete or wood and can be indoor or outdoor. Race types such as common scratch races or more complex omnium races take place in these arenas. Keirin is a form of motor-paced cycle racing on a track with fixed-gear bicycle that meet a strict system of standards. Moreover, bike messengers and other urban riders may ride fixed gear bicycles in alleycat races, which are normally held in city streets, including New York City's famous fixed-gear-only race Monstertrack alleycat. Similarly, Wolfpack Hustle began in 2005 simply as"
"maximize rigidity, while those for general racing seek to reduce aerodynamic drag. The governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), sets limits on design and dimensions as well as the shape and diameter of the tubes used to construct the frame. A Keirin bike is a track bike that meets a strict system of standards. A track bicycle differs from one used on the road by having: Typical track frames use spacing for the rear hub. The dropouts or ""track ends"" face rearwards to facilitate chain tension adjustment. Frames are typically made of steel, aluminium, or titanium alloys, carbon fiber,"
"wins from 1977–86 against mostly western European pro track cyclists, although he never won the Keirin World Championship. At that time, many leading sprint riders were from the Eastern bloc countries and competed in separate ""amateur"" events. Katsuaki Matsumoto (born 1928) is the all-time professional keirin athlete with the most wins - 1341 - over his career (he retired in 1981 at the age of 53). The current Keirin Grand Prix champion (winner of the 2015 Grand Prix) is . Keirin races in Japan begin with the cyclists parading to the starting blocks, bowing as they enter the track and"
"Olympic programme after the 2004 games, Hoy sought to develop in other events. The first of these was the keirin. This event involves between six and eight riders following a small motorbike (the Derny) around the 250m track for 5.5 laps, as the bike slowly builds up the speed. The bike pulls off with 2.5 laps to go and the riders race for the line. Hoy had previously competed at the keirin in various events but one of his first major successes was at the Manchester round of the World Cup Classics Series in 2007, shortly before the World Championships,"
"the event. In keirin races, common in Japan and familiar elsewhere, the derny brings riders up to speed then pulls off the track and the race finishes in a sprint without the pacer. A small group of semi-professional pacers travels around Europe for the winter six-day season. Several are in their 60s and 70s and some have been pacing for more than 40 years. In most of its later history, the Bordeaux–Paris classic road race was motor-paced using dernys from half-distance. Other important races on the road behind dernys have included the Critérium des As in Paris. Derny A Derny"
"competition through the repechage races. Great Britain and Germany currently hold two of the major titles in this event. Jason Kenny is Olympic men's sprint champion, and Kristina Vogel the Olympic women's sprint champion. This is a tactical and skilful race. The Keirin is a variant of the sprint in which a higher number (usually 6-8, or 9 in Japan) of sprinters compete in a very different format. Riders are paced in the early laps by (and are required to stay behind) a Derny motorcycle, which slowly increases the speed of the race from 25 km/h to about 50 km/h."
"wheels are allowed but not 32, although 32 spoke wheels are typically lighter, and frames must be built by a very limited number of approved builders. Since its beginning, the bicycle frames used in Keirin races have been made from chromoly steel. Exceptions to this are frames used in Girls' Keirin, and Keirin Evolution races, where the frames used are made from carbon-fiber. Manufacturers of the frames used in Girls' Keirin are Boma, Bridgestone, Gan Well, Kalavinka, Bomber, and MBK. Participants in Keirin Evolution races may use any NJS, UCI or JCF approved carbon frame and components. NJS approved equipment"
"generally permitted to host one event per year of either GI, GII or GIII designation. The remaining events at each track consist of a combination of FI and FII races for a total of approximately 70 race days per year. On average there is one GI or GII event every month and one GIII meeting per week on the annual calendar. Keirin velodromes follow the same basic schedule of races when conducting a race meeting. On the first day of competition, the better keirin competitors are assigned to races of higher caliber, while others are assigned to low-caliber races. Keirin"
". Competition keirin races are conducted over several rounds with one final. Some eliminated cyclists can try again in the repechages. Keirin has been a UCI men's World Championship event since 1980 and a UCI women's World Championship event since 2002. Danny Clark of Australia and Li Na of China were the first UCI world champions. The 2017 men's and women's world champions are Azizulhasni Awang of Malaysia and Kristina Vogel of Germany. Keirin made its debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney as a men's event, after being admitted into the Olympics in December 1996. The women's event"
"exams, and are approved by the NJS become eligible for professional keirin races in Japan. Japanese races for women were reintroduced in July 2012, under the title of ""Girl's Keirin""(). Women were previously permitted to participate from 1949 until 1964. Like the men, the women must also undergo a strict training regimen at the Keirin School. was one of the first Japanese keirin athletes to compete outside of his native country, Nakano holds the best matched sprint record as a track cyclist at the UCI Track World Championships with a record of ten consecutive professional Sprint World Track Cycling Championship"
"again as they position their bikes for the start of the race. Every participant is assigned a number and a colour for identification and betting purposes. At the sound of the gun, the cyclists leave their starting blocks and attempt to gain position behind the pacer, a keirin bicyclist wearing purple with orange stripes. As the pace quickens, the pacer will usually depart the track with between one and two laps remaining, but the actual location where the pacer leaves varies with every race. With laps remaining, officials begin sounding a bell or gong, increasing in frequency until the bicyclists"
"racers are guaranteed to compete on each day of the meeting unless they are disqualified from a race or retire from the meet for any reason - in which case alternate competitors are called up to fill in the lower-caliber races. Below is a schedule of races conducted during a typical three-day FI event (open to both S-class and A-class riders). After six races, S-class riders compete: S-class riders then compete to advance: As a result of the parimutuel gambling that surrounds keirin racing in Japan, a strict system of standards was developed for bicycles and repair tools. The Nihon"
"Young Grand Prix, which is open to the best of those that have begun competing in Keirin within the last three years; it is the only Keirin race of the year in which both S-class and A-class compete in the same race. A new addition to the meet in 2012 was the Girls' Grand Prix for the sport's top female competitors. Another prestigious event on the annual keirin racing calendar is the GI Japan Championship. Held every March over a period of six days, it is the longest single race meeting of the year. Each of the keirin velodromes are"
"each keirin competitor indicates rank. Those in A-class (A1, A2, A3) wear black shorts with a green stripe and white stars. S-class competitors (S1 and S2) wear a red stripe instead of a green stripe. Those in the elite SS class wear red shorts with a black stripe, white stars and special insignia. Introduced in 2007, the SS ranking is assigned by the NJS every December to the top nine Keirin athletes. These nine compete in that year's Keirin Grand Prix and retain their rank until the following December. The distance of each race depends on gender and rank. For"
"the second ever Keirin championship, which was won by Danny Clark of Australia. In 1982, Singleton's last year on the elite circuit, he would become the first Canadian in history to win a World Championship in cycling, defeating two-time champion Clark to win the Gold Medal in the Kierin. In his final race, again facing Nakano in the match sprint event, he collide with the Japanese rider, causing him to fall, the result of which was a broken collarbone, forcing him to retire, and settle for the silver medal. The collision was controversial, as it was unclear who initiated the"
"Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at the London Velopark on 7 August. Chris Hoy from Great Britain won the gold medal. The Keirin races involve 6.5 laps of the track behind a pace-setter, followed by a 2.5 lap sprint to the finish. The tournament consisted of preliminary heats and repechages, a semi-finals round, and the finals. The heats and repechages narrowed the field to 12. The semi-finals divided the remaining 12 into six finalists. The final round also included a ranking race for 7th"
"Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's Keirin The women's Keirin at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at the London Velopark on 3 August. Women's Keirin made its debut in this Olympics. Great Britain's Victoria Pendleton won the gold medal. Guo Shuang from China won silver and Lee Wai Sze took bronze for Hong Kong's only medal of the 2012 Games. The Keirin races involved 5.5 laps of the track behind a motorcycle, followed by a 2.5 lap sprint to the finish. The tournament consisted of preliminary heats and repechages, a semi-finals round, and the finals."
"riders. Underneath those are FI (F1) events, which are open to both S-class and A-class riders. The lowest graded events, FII (F2), are reserved for A-class riders. The GP grade designation is reserved for the Keirin Grand Prix, a three-day meet held at the end of December for the year's top keirin competitors. The meet ultimately concludes with the Grand Prix race itself, which determines the annual Keirin racing champion. As of December 2008, the nine competitors for the Keirin Grand Prix race are determined in the following order of priority: Also part of the Grand Prix meet is the"
"to 12th place. Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin at the 2012 Olympic Games in London took place at the London Velopark on 7 August. Chris Hoy from Great Britain won the gold medal. The Keirin races involve 6.5 laps of the track behind a pace-setter, followed by a 2.5 lap sprint to the finish. The tournament consisted of preliminary heats and repechages, a semi-finals round, and the finals. The heats and repechages narrowed the field to 12. The semi-finals divided the remaining 12 into six finalists. The final round also included a ranking"
"Indoor cycling Indoor cycling, often also called spinning, as an organized activity, is a form of exercise with classes focusing on endurance, strength, intervals, high intensity (race days) and recovery, and involves using a special stationary exercise bicycle with a weighted flywheel in a classroom setting. Classes generally use specialized stationary bicycles. Features include a mechanical device to modify the difficulty of pedalling, specially shaped handlebars, and multiple adjustment points to fit the bicycle to a range of riders. Many have a weighted flywheel, which simulates the effects of inertia and momentum when riding a real bicycle. The pedals are"
"first round repechages. The winner of each heat qualified for the second round. First three riders in each semi qualified for the final; the remainder advanced to the small final (for places 7-12). The final classification is determined in the ranking finals. Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's Keirin The women's Keirin at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place at the Rio Olympic Velodrome on 13 August. This was the second time that the event was held at the Olympics, after making its debut in London four years prior. The event was won by"
"at the late 2007 World Cup event in Sydney, affording another position to qualifiers based on Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) rankings. REL=Relegated, DNF=Did not finish, DNS=Did not start Heat 1 Heat 2 Heat 3 Heat 4 Heat 1 Heat 2 Heat 3 Heat 4 Heat 1 Heat 2 Classification race Medals race Cycling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin at the 2008 Summer Olympics took place on August 16 at the Laoshan Velodrome. This track cycling event consisted of multiple rounds. In each race, the four to seven cyclists in the heat covered 8 laps"
"from the first round in advancing to the second round. The rest were eliminated from competition. The second round consisted of two heats, with the twelve cyclists split into groups of six. The top three riders in each heat advanced to the final. Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin in cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics was contested by 20 cyclists. A Keirin race consisted of eight laps of the track, or 2 kilometres. The 20 cyclists competed in three heats of six to seven riders each. The top two riders in each heat"
"Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested by 22 cyclists. A Keirin race consisted of eight laps of the track, or 2 kilometres. The 22 cyclists competed in three heats of seven to eight riders each. The top two riders in each heat (six overall) advanced to the next round, while the other sixteen cyclists competed in the first repechage. The first round repechage consisted of three heats of five to six riders each. The top two cyclists in each of the heats rejoined the winners"
"Cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin in cycling at the 2000 Summer Olympics was contested by 20 cyclists. A Keirin race consisted of eight laps of the track, or 2 kilometres. The 20 cyclists competed in three heats of six to seven riders each. The top two riders in each heat (six overall) advanced to the next round, while the other fourteen cyclists competed in the first repechage. The first round repechage consisted of three heats of four to five riders each. The top two cyclists in each of the heats rejoined the winners"
"from the first round in advancing to the second round. The rest were eliminated from competition. The second round consisted of two heats, with the twelve cyclists split into groups of six. The top three riders in each heat advanced to the final, while the bottom three in each heat competed in the classification race for seventh to twelfth places. Cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's Keirin The men's Keirin in cycling at the 2004 Summer Olympics was contested by 22 cyclists. A Keirin race consisted of eight laps of the track, or 2 kilometres. The 22 cyclists"
"The medals were presented by Timothy Fok, IOC member, Hong Kong and Brian Cookson, President of the UCI. The Keirin races involved 5.5 laps of the track behind a motorcycle, followed by a 2.5 lap sprint to the finish. The tournament consisted of preliminary heats and repechages, a semi-finals round, and the finals. The heats and repechages narrowed the field to 12. The semi-finals divided the remaining 12 into six finalists. The finals round also included a ranking race for 7th to 12th place. Top two in each heat qualified directly for the second round; the remainder advanced to the"
"men, distances for those ranked A3 are at 1,600 meters, while all others compete at 2,000 meters. The finals of some of the top graded events are run at a longer distance of 2,400 meters. The season-ending Keirin Grand Prix is held at 2,800 meters. All events for women are currently run at 1,600 meters. There are usually small variances in distance based on the size of the track. A race meeting at any given keirin velodrome in Japan is assigned a grade. The highest graded events are GP, GI (G1), GII (G2) and GIII (G3), reserved only for S-class"