Who was the Swedish scientist 1814-1874 who has a unit of length named after him?
"range of 4000–7000 Å. The unit is named after the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström (1814–1874). The symbol is always written with a ring diacritic, as the letter in the Swedish alphabet. The unit's name is often written in English without the diacritics, but the official definitions do contain them. It is not a part of the SI system of units; although it can be considered part of the metric system. The ångström is used extensively in crystallography, solid-state physics and chemistry as a unit for d-spacings (the distance between atomic planes in a crystal), cell parameters, inter-atomic distances and"
"spacings in condensed matter are sometimes measured are named after him. The unit is also used in [[crystallography]] as well as spectroscopy. The crater [[Ångström (crater)|Ångström]] on the [[Moon]] is named in his honour. One of the main building complexes of [[Uppsala University]], the Ångström Laboratory, is named in his honour. This building houses various departments including the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Mathematics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Institute of Space Physics, and the Department of Chemistry. [[Category:1814 births]] [[Category:1874 deaths]] [[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]] [[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Members of the Royal"
"that used this scale. In 1744, coincident with the death of Anders Celsius, the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) reversed Celsius's scale. His custom-made ""linnaeus-thermometer"", for use in his greenhouses, was made by Daniel Ekström, Sweden's leading maker of scientific instruments at the time, whose workshop was located in the basement of the Stockholm observatory. As often happened in this age before modern communications, numerous physicists, scientists, and instrument makers are credited with having independently developed this same scale; among them were Pehr Elvius, the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (which had an instrument workshop) and with"
"Celsius The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries except the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale or a unit to indicate a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty. Before being renamed to honor Anders Celsius in 1948, the unit was"
"in recognition of Anders Celsius, the Swedish 18th century astronomer who invented the Celsius temperature scale. Total EVA time during STS-116: 18 hours and 15 minutes. Fuglesang, once a Swedish national Frisbee champion, held the national title in ""maximum time aloft"" in 1978, and subsequently competed in the 1981 World Frisbee Championship. Fuglesang took one of his personal frisbees to the International Space Station. On Dec 15 in 2006, he set a new ""world record"" for Time Aloft by freefloating a spinning frisbee for 20 seconds in the microgravity environment of the ISS. It was done during a live broadcast"
"measured the characteristic bright line in its yellow-green region; but he was mistaken in supposing that this same line, which is often called by his name, is also to be seen in the [[zodiacal light]]. He was elected a member of a number of learned societies, including the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] in 1850, the [[Royal Society]] in 1870 and the [[Institut de France]] in 1873. He died in Uppsala on 21 June 1874. His son, [[Knut Ångström|Knut]] (1857–1910), was also a physicist. The [[Ångström]] unit (1 Å = 10 m) in which the [[wavelength]]s of light and interatomic"
"non-SI unit sverdrup, which also use the symbol Sv. The unit is named after the Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg (1884–1971), winner of the 1926 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on disperse systems, colloids and his invention of the ultracentrifuge. The Svedberg coefficient is a nonlinear function. A particle's mass, density, and shape will determine its S value. It depends on the frictional forces retarding its movement, which, in turn, are related to the average cross-sectional area of the particle. The sedimentation coefficient is the ratio of the speed of a substance in a centrifuge to its acceleration in"
"analytical ultracentrifugation, and demonstrated its utility in distinguishing pure proteins one from another. The unit svedberg (symbol S), a unit of time amounting to 10 s or 100 fs, is named after him, as well as the Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala. Svedberg's candidacy for the Royal Society reads: Theodor Svedberg Theodor (""The"") Svedberg (30 August 1884 – 25 February 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate for his research on colloids and proteins using the ultracentrifuge, active at Uppsala University. Theodor Svedberg was born in Gävleborg, Sweden. He was the son of Augusta Alstermark and Elias Svedberg. He earned"
"the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale as well as a unit to indicate a temperature ""interval ""(a difference between two temperatures or an uncertainty). From 1744 until 1954, 0 °C was defined as the freezing point of water and 100 °C was defined as the boiling point of water, both at a pressure of one standard atmosphere. Although these defining correlations are commonly taught in schools today, by international agreement the unit ""degree Celsius"" and"
"Auguste-Savinien Leblond Auguste-Savinien Leblond d'Olblen (19 October 1760 – 22 February 1811) was a French mathematician. In 1790 he coined the name ""metre"" for the unit of length. Auguste-Savinien Leblond came from a family of mathematicians. It was the profession of his father, and above all his great-uncle Guillaume Le Blond, and he himself was a teacher of mathematics, while publishing works that earned him the esteem of his peers. He is remembered as the inventor of a fixed and universal measurement of length, which, in 1790, he named ""the metre"". Borda would adopt this name two years later. He"
"of Niels Bohr (see hydrogen spectrum). An important spectroscopic constant based on a hypothetical atom of infinite mass is called the Rydberg (R) in his honour. Johannes Rydberg Johannes (Janne) Robert Rydberg (; 8 November 1854 – 28 December 1919) was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to describe the wavelengths of photons (of light and other electromagnetic radiation) emitted by changes in the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom. Rydberg was born 8 November 1854 in Halmstad in southern Sweden, the only child of Sven Rydberg and"
"of his apprentices also became well-known instrument makers, including Georges-Guillaume-Amatus Lüer, Louis-Joseph Mathieu, and Adolphe Collin in Paris; Josef Leiter in Vienna; and Camillus Nyrop in Copenhagen. He was inducted into the Legion of Honour in 1851, and died in 1876 in Paris. His name is used as a measuring unit for the outer diameter and the general size of urological instruments, endoscopes and catheters for a various purposes (1 Charrière = 1 mm outer circumference ~ 1/3 mm outer diameter). In English-speaking countries, the name ""Charrière"" was found difficult to pronounce. Thus, the term ""French"" was rapidly adopted in"
"Anders Celsius Anders Celsius (27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 proposed the Celsius temperature scale which bears his name. Anders Celsius was born in Uppsala, Sweden on 27 November 1701. His family originated from Ovanåker in the province of Hälsingland. Their family estate was at ""Doma"", also known as ""Höjen"" or ""Högen"" (locally as ""Högen 2""). The"
"to variations in barometric pressure. For example, an altitude change of only 28 cm (11 in) causes the boiling point to change by one millikelvin. Celsius The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI). As an SI derived unit, it is used by all countries except the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), who developed a similar temperature scale. The degree Celsius (°C) can refer to a specific temperature on the Celsius scale"
"Ampère was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society and in 1828, a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. In recognition of his contribution to the creation of modern electrical science, an international convention, signed at the 1881 International Exposition of Electricity, established the ampere as a standard unit of electrical measurement, along with the coulomb, volt, ohm, and watt, which are named, respectively, after Ampère's contemporaries Charles-Augustin de Coulomb of France, Alessandro Volta of Italy, Georg Ohm of Germany, and James Watt of Scotland. Ampère's name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the"
"as leader of the ecumenical movement. The university became prominent in the sciences in the 18th century with names such as the physician and botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), the father of biological and mineralogical taxonomy, and his numerous important pupils, the physicist and astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744), inventor of the Celsius scale the predecessor of the Celsius scale, and the chemist Torbern Bergman (1735–1784). Another scientist from this era is Emanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772), better remembered today as a religious mystic. Several of the elements were discovered by Uppsala scientists during this period or later. Jöns Jakob Berzelius, one of the"
"physicist and mathematician who discovered the principle of the barometer in 1644. The unit's name ""torr"" is written in lower case, while its symbol (""Torr"") is always written with upper-case initial; including in combinations with prefixes and other unit symbols, as in ""mTorr"" (millitorr) or ""Torr⋅L/s"" (torr-litres per second). The symbol (uppercase) should be used with prefix symbols (thus, mTorr and millitorr are correct, but mtorr and milliTorr are not). The torr is sometimes incorrectly denoted by the symbol ""T"", which is the SI symbol for the tesla, the unit measuring the strength of a magnetic field. Although frequently encountered,"
"unit of length for spectroscopic measurements, first by the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research (1907) and later by the CIPM (1927). Michelson's work in ""measuring"" the prototype metre to within of a wavelength ( µm) was one of the reasons for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1907. By the 1950s, interferometry had become the method of choice for precise measurements of length, but there remained a practical problem imposed by the system of units used. The natural unit for expressing a length measured by interferometry was the ångström, but this result then had"
"Olof Celsius was made a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1739. Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, ""Hierobotanicon"", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale"
"room temperature (formula_8), formula_9, so that formula_10. In Gaussian units, formula_11 and the Bjerrum length has the simpler form formula_12 Bjerrum length The Bjerrum length (after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum 1879–1958 is the separation at which the electrostatic interaction between two elementary charges is comparable in magnitude to the thermal energy scale, formula_1, where formula_2 is the Boltzmann constant and formula_3 is the absolute temperature in kelvins. This length scale arises naturally in discussions of electrostatic, electrodynamic and electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, polyelectrolytes and colloidal dispersions. In standard units, the Bjerrum length is given by formula_4 where formula_5 is the"
"Olof Celsius Olof Celsius (the elder) (19 July 1670 – 24 June 1756) was a Swedish botanist, philologist and clergyman, He was a professor at Uppsala University, Sweden. Celsius was a mentor of the botanist and scientist Carl Linnaeus. Celsius wrote his most famous book on biblical plants, ""Hierobotanicon"", in 1745-47. Olof Celsius's nephew Anders Celsius was an astronomer who invented a temperature scale where 100 represented the freezing point of water and 0 represented the boiling point. Jean-Pierre Christin, in 1744 reversed the scale to create the centigrade scale, renamed in 1948 to the Celsius scale in use today."
"posthumously in 1943, shortly after his death. He was married to Margareta Andersson in 1896. They had four children: Elsa, Signe, Edvard, and Gertrud. Carl Edvard Johansson Carl Edvard Johansson (1864–1943) was a Swedish inventor and scientist. Johansson invented the gauge block set, also known as ""Jo Blocks"" (""Johansson gauge blocks""). He was granted his first Swedish patent on 2 May 1901, Swedish patent No. 17017 called ""Gauge Block Sets for Precision Measurement"". He formed the Swedish company CE Johansson AB (CEJ AB), Eskilstuna, Sweden in 1911. The first CEJ gauge block set in America was sold to Henry M."
"Ångström The ångström (,; ) or angstrom is a unit of length equal to (one ten-billionth of a metre) or 0.1 nanometre. Its symbol is Å, a letter in the Swedish alphabet. The natural sciences and technology often use ångström to express sizes of atoms, molecules, microscopic biological structures, and lengths of chemical bonds, arrangement of atoms in crystals, wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, and dimensions of integrated circuit parts. Atoms of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine are about an ångström in covalent radius, while a hydrogen atom is about half an ångström; see atomic radius. Visible light has wavelengths in the"
"and then became to be known as the Liebig condenser (""Liebigkühler""). Furthermore, the honeysuckle genus ""Weigela"" is named after him. In 1792, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Christian Ehrenfried Weigel Christian Ehrenfried Weigel (24 May 1748 – 8 August 1831) was a German scientist and, beginning in 1774, a professor of Chemistry, Pharmacy, Botany, and Mineralogy at the University of Greifswald. Born in Stralsund, in 1771 he received his degree, having studied under Johann Christian Erxleben in Göttingen. In 1806, Weigel was ennobled and carried from then on a ""von"" in his"
"Johannes Rydberg Johannes (Janne) Robert Rydberg (; 8 November 1854 – 28 December 1919) was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to describe the wavelengths of photons (of light and other electromagnetic radiation) emitted by changes in the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom. Rydberg was born 8 November 1854 in Halmstad in southern Sweden, the only child of Sven Rydberg and Maria Anderson Rydberg. When he was 4 years old his father died, and the family was forced to live on a small income. In 1873 he"
"of Cochin. Member of the Société des observateurs de l'homme Auguste-Savinien Leblond Auguste-Savinien Leblond d'Olblen (19 October 1760 – 22 February 1811) was a French mathematician. In 1790 he coined the name ""metre"" for the unit of length. Auguste-Savinien Leblond came from a family of mathematicians. It was the profession of his father, and above all his great-uncle Guillaume Le Blond, and he himself was a teacher of mathematics, while publishing works that earned him the esteem of his peers. He is remembered as the inventor of a fixed and universal measurement of length, which, in 1790, he named ""the"
"Wilhelm Hisinger Wilhelm Hisinger (December 23, 1766 – June 28, 1852) was a Swedish physicist and chemist who in 1807, working in coordination with Jöns Jakob Berzelius, noted that in electrolysis any given substance always went to the same pole, and that substances attracted to the same pole had other properties in common. This showed that there was at least a qualitative correlation between the chemical and electrical natures of bodies. In 1803, in separate laboratories, Martin Heinrich Klaproth in one, and Berzelius and Hisinger in another, the element Cerium was discovered, which was named after the newly discovered asteroid,"
"Bjerrum length The Bjerrum length (after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum 1879–1958 is the separation at which the electrostatic interaction between two elementary charges is comparable in magnitude to the thermal energy scale, formula_1, where formula_2 is the Boltzmann constant and formula_3 is the absolute temperature in kelvins. This length scale arises naturally in discussions of electrostatic, electrodynamic and electrokinetic phenomena in electrolytes, polyelectrolytes and colloidal dispersions. In standard units, the Bjerrum length is given by formula_4 where formula_5 is the elementary charge, formula_6 is the relative dielectric constant of the medium and formula_7 is the vacuum permittivity. For water at"
"death, the scale was reversed by Carl Linnaeus to facilitate more practical measurement. Celsius originally called his scale centigrade derived from the Latin for ""hundred steps"". For years it was simply referred to as the Swedish thermometer. Celsius conducted many geographical measurements for the Swedish General map, and was one of earliest to note that much of Scandinavia is slowly rising above sea level, a continuous process which has been occurring since the melting of the ice from the latest ice age. However, he wrongly posed the notion that the water was evaporating. In 1725 he became secretary of the"
"Alfred Nobel Alfred Bernhard Nobel (; ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist. Known for inventing dynamite, Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments. Nobel held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous. After reading a premature obituary which condemned him for profiting from the sales of arms, he bequeathed his fortune to institute the Nobel Prizes. The synthetic element nobelium was named after him. His name also"
"Hansen gave in 1854 the first intimation that the accepted distance of the sun was too great by some millions of miles (""Month. Notices Roy. Astr. Soc."" xv. 9), the error of J.F. Encke's result having been rendered evident through his investigation of a lunar inequality. In 1865, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He died on 28 March 1874, at the new observatory in the town of Gotha, erected under his care in 1857. Minor planet 4775 Hansen is named after him. Peter Andreas Hansen Peter Andreas Hansen (born December 8, 1795,"
"Magnus Blix Magnus Gustaf Blix (25 December 1849 – 14 February 1904) was a Swedish physiologist born in the parish Säbrå, presently located in Härnösand Municipality. He is the grandfather of UN weapons inspector Hans Blix. During his career he was a professor at the Universities of Uppsala and Lund. Blix was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1892. Blix is best known for his work in the 1880s involving somatic sensation. He discovered that electrical stimulation on different points on the surface of the skin caused distinct warm or cool sensations. Subsequently he built"
"X unit The x unit (symbol xu) is a unit of length approximately equal to 0.1 pm (10 m). It is used to quote the wavelength of X-rays and gamma rays. Originally defined by the Swedish physicist Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978) in 1925, the x unit could not at that time be measured directly; the definition was instead made in terms of the spacing between planes of the calcite crystals used in the measuring apparatus. One x unit was set at of the spacing of the (200) planes of calcite at 18 °C. In modern usage, there are two separate x"