Which green vegetable belongs to the Brassica Oleracea Italica group of plants?
"Collard greens Collard greens (collards) describes certain loose-leafed cultivars of ""Brassica oleracea"", the same species as many common vegetables, including cabbage (Capitata Group) and broccoli (Botrytis Group). Collard greens are part of the Acephala Group of the species, which includes kale and spring greens. They are in the same cultivar group owing to their genetic similarity. The name ""collard"" comes from the word ""colewort"" (the wild cabbage plant). The plants are grown for their large, dark-colored, edible leaves and as a garden ornamental, mainly in Brazil, Portugal, the southern United States, many parts of Africa, the Balkans, northern Spain, and"
"Brassica juncea Brassica juncea, commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant. One subvariety is ""southern giant curled mustard"", which resembles a headless cabbage such as kale, but with a distinct horseradish or mustard flavor. It is also known as ""green mustard cabbage"". ""Brassica juncea"" cultivars can be divided into four major subgroups: integrifolia, juncea, napiformis, and tsatsai. In 100 grams, cooked mustard greens provide 26 calories and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value) of vitamins A, C and K which is especially"
"species. Since the turnip had been named first by Linnaeus, the name ""Brassica rapa"" was adopted. Many butterflies, including the small white, pollinate the ""B. rapa"" flowers. Brassica rapa Brassica rapa is a plant consisting of various widely cultivated subspecies including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and cime di rapa (leaf vegetables); and ""Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera"", an oilseed which has many common names, including ""turnip rape"", ""field mustard"", ""bird rape"", and ""keblock"". The oil made from the seed is sometimes also called ""canola"" or ""colza"", which is one reason why it is sometimes confused"
"""Erysimum"" (261 species), ""Lepidium"" (234 species), ""Cardamine"" (233 species), and ""Alyssum"" (207 species). The family contains the cruciferous vegetables, including species such as ""Brassica oleracea"" (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, collards), ""Brassica rapa"" (turnip, Chinese cabbage, etc.), ""Brassica napus"" (rapeseed, etc.), ""Raphanus sativus"" (common radish), ""Armoracia rusticana"" (horseradish), but also a cut-flower ""Matthiola"" (stock) and the model organism ""Arabidopsis thaliana"" (thale cress). ""Pieris rapae"" and other butterflies of the family Pieridae are some of the best-known pests of Brassicaceae species planted as commercial crops. ""Trichoplusia ni"" (cabbage looper) moth is also becoming increasingly problematic for crucifers due to its resistance"
"dietary fiber, and carotenoids. The causes of its differences in appearance from the normal cauliflower and broccoli have been modeled as an extension of the preinfloresence stage of bud growth, but the genetic basis of this is not known. Romanesco broccoli Romanesco broccoli (also known as Roman cauliflower, Broccolo Romanesco, Romanesque cauliflower or simply Romanesco) is an edible flower bud of the species ""Brassica oleracea"". First documented in Italy, it is chartreuse in color. Romanesco has a striking appearance because its form is a natural approximation of a fractal. When compared to a traditional cauliflower, its texture as a vegetable"
"Savoy cabbage Savoy cabbage (""Brassica oleracea"" var. ""sabauda"" L. or ""Brassica oleracea"" Savoy Cabbage Group), is a variety of the plant species ""Brassica oleracea"". Savoy cabbage is a winter vegetable and one of several cabbage varieties. It is thought to originate from England and the Netherlands. In the 18th century, it was introduced into Germany as ""Savoyer Kohl"". It is named after the Savoy Region in France. It is known as 'cavolo verza' in Italy. It has crinkled, emerald green leaves. The leaves are crunchy and tender. Known cultivars include 'Savoy King' (in the US), 'Tundra' (green with a firm,"
"Spring greens Spring Greens are a cultivar of ""Brassica oleracea"" in the cultivar Acephala Group, similar to kale, in which the central leaves do not form a head or form only a very loose one. It is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most other domesticated forms, and is grown primarily in northern Europe, where its tolerance of cold winters is valued for an early spring supply of edible leaves. The Cultivar Group Acephala also includes curly kale and collard greens, which are extremely similar genetically. The term is also used more loosely to refer to thinnings and"
"Watercress Watercress or yellowcress is an aquatic plant species with the botanical name Nasturtium officinale. This should not be confused with the profoundly different and unrelated group of plants with the common name of nasturtium, within the genus ""Tropaeolum"". Watercress is a rapidly growing, aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial plant native to Europe and Asia, and one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by humans. It is a member of the family Brassicaceae, botanically related to garden cress, mustard, radish, and wasabi—all noteworthy for their piquant flavor. The hollow stems of watercress will float; the leaf structure is pinnately compound."
"rich soil with temperatures below 77° F (25° C) Frost is tolerable, but freezing temperatures will kill crops. It will grow under higher temperatures but will not produce large leaves. Purple mustard greens leaves Purple Osaka Mustard is a member of the Brassica family, collectively known as cruciferous vegetables, along with turnips, broccoli and cabbage. Purple mustard greens leaves are grown for fresh eating, as a cover crop with pesticide qualities, for feedstock and as dual purpose ornamental greens in edible gardens. Purple mustard greens leaves can also be cooked with potatoes, onions, tomatoes and mashed after 1 hour on"
"Cruciferous vegetables Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternative name (Cruciferae, New Latin for ""cross-bearing"") from the shape of their flowers, whose four petals resemble a cross. Ten of the most common cruciferous vegetables eaten by people, known colloquially in North America as cole crops and in Britain and Ireland as ""brassicas"", are in a single species (""Brassica oleracea""); they are not distinguished from"
"Horseradish Horseradish (""Armoracia rusticana"", syn. ""Cochlearia armoracia"") is a perennial plant of the family Brassicaceae (which also includes mustard, wasabi, broccoli, and cabbage). It is a root vegetable used as a spice and prepared as a condiment. The plant is probably native to southeastern Europe and western Asia. It is popular worldwide. It grows up to tall, and is cultivated primarily for its large, white, tapered root. The intact horseradish root has hardly any aroma. When cut or grated enzymes from the now-broken plant cells break down sinigrin (a glucosinolate) to produce allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil), which irritates the mucous"
"(table). Watercress Watercress or yellowcress is an aquatic plant species with the botanical name Nasturtium officinale. This should not be confused with the profoundly different and unrelated group of plants with the common name of nasturtium, within the genus ""Tropaeolum"". Watercress is a rapidly growing, aquatic or semi-aquatic, perennial plant native to Europe and Asia, and one of the oldest known leaf vegetables consumed by humans. It is a member of the family Brassicaceae, botanically related to garden cress, mustard, radish, and wasabi—all noteworthy for their piquant flavor. The hollow stems of watercress will float; the leaf structure is pinnately"
"Barbarea verna Land cress (""Barbarea verna""), also known as American cress, bank cress, black wood cress, Belle Isle cress, Bermuda cress, early yellowrocket, early wintercress, scurvy cress, creasy greens, and upland cress, is a biennial herb in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to southern Europe and western Asia, and naturalized elsewhere It has been cultivated as a leaf vegetable in England since the 17th century. As it requires less water than watercress, it is easier to cultivate. Land cress is considered a satisfactory substitute for watercress. It can be used in sandwiches, or salads, or cooked like spinach, or"
"Rapini Rapini, commonly marketed in the United States as broccoli raab or broccoli rabe , is a green cruciferous vegetable. The edible parts are the leaves, buds, and stems. The buds somewhat resemble broccoli, but do not form a large head. Rapini is known for its slightly bitter taste, and is particularly associated with Italian, Galician, and Portuguese cuisines. Within the Italian tradition, the plant is associated especially with southern Italian cuisines such as those of Naples, Campania, and Apulia. The plant is a member of the tribe Brassiceae of the Brassicaceae (mustard family). Rapini is classified scientifically as ""Brassica"
"Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4060 accepted species. The largest genera are ""Draba"" (440 species),"
"the table. However, improved varieties of radicchio, e.g. Rosso di Verona, and generally milder winters allow the West European cultivator to harvest two or more crops from a single planting. Notes Sources Radicchio Radicchio ( or ; ) is a perennial cultivated form of leaf chicory (""Cichorium intybus"", Asteraceae) sometimes known as Italian chicory because it is commonly used in Italian cuisine. It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has white-veined red leaves. Radicchio has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows if it is grilled or roasted. Pliny the Elder claimed that radicchio was useful as a"
"such vegetables. Cruciferous vegetables Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternative name (Cruciferae, New Latin for ""cross-bearing"") from the shape of their flowers, whose four petals resemble a cross. Ten of the most common cruciferous vegetables eaten by people, known colloquially in North America as cole crops and in Britain and Ireland as ""brassicas"", are in a single species (""Brassica oleracea""); they are not"
"Nasturtium (genus) Nasturtium () is a genus of seven plant species in the family Brassicaceae (cabbage family), best known for the edible watercresses ""Nasturtium microphyllum"" (""Rorippa microphylla"") and ""Nasturtium officinale"" (""R. nasturtium-aquaticum""). ""Nasturtium"" was previously synonymised with ""Rorippa"", but molecular evidence supports its maintenance as a distinct genus more closely related to ""Cardamine"" than to ""Rorippa"" ""sensu stricto"" (Al-Shehbaz & Price, 1998; Al-Shehbaz, Beilstein & Kellogg, 2006). Watercress or yellowcress is a common name for plants in this genus. These plants are related to garden cress and mustard, noteworthy for a peppery, tangy (pungent) flavor. The name Nasturtium comes from"
"Brassica rapa Brassica rapa is a plant consisting of various widely cultivated subspecies including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and cime di rapa (leaf vegetables); and ""Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera"", an oilseed which has many common names, including ""turnip rape"", ""field mustard"", ""bird rape"", and ""keblock"". The oil made from the seed is sometimes also called ""canola"" or ""colza"", which is one reason why it is sometimes confused with rapeseed oil, but this comes from a different ""Brassica"" species (""Brassica napus""). The oilseeds known as canola are sometimes particular varieties of ""Brassica rapa"" (termed Polish"
"toxic to several rarer North American ""Pieris"" species. Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous plants, some shrubs, with simple, although sometimes deeply incised, alternatingly set leaves without stipules or in leaf rosettes, with terminal inflorescences without bracts, containing flowers with four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two short and four longer free stamens, and a fruit with seeds in rows, divided by a thin wall (or septum). The family contains 372 genera and 4060 accepted"
"Albuca bracteata Albuca bracteata (syn. ""Ornithogalum longebracteatum""), is known by the common names pregnant onion, false sea onion, and sea-onion. It is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae. Its flowering stems can reach a height of 90 cm and can carry up to 100 greenish white flowers. Strap-shaped lanceolate leaves, 60 cm (2 ft) long and 2.5 cm (1 in) wide, protrude from a bulky bulb which is largely above ground. The roots are white and succulent. Many small, fragrant, white flowers, with a diameter of 0.5 cm and a green midvein, are located on racemes"
"thick stalks. It is a cool season annual crop. Sprouting broccoli has a larger number of heads with many thin stalks. Purple cauliflower is a type of broccoli grown in Europe and North America. It has a head shaped like cauliflower, but consisting of tiny flower buds. It sometimes, but not always, has a purple cast to the tips of the flower buds. Other cultivar groups of ""Brassica oleracea"" include cabbage (Capitata Group), cauliflower and Romanesco broccoli (Botrytis Group), kale and collard greens (Acephala Group), kohlrabi (Gongylodes Group), Brussels sprouts (Gemmifera Group), and kai-lan (Alboglabra Group). Rapini, sometimes called ""broccoli"
"Radicchio Radicchio ( or ; ) is a perennial cultivated form of leaf chicory (""Cichorium intybus"", Asteraceae) sometimes known as Italian chicory because it is commonly used in Italian cuisine. It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has white-veined red leaves. Radicchio has a bitter and spicy taste, which mellows if it is grilled or roasted. Pliny the Elder claimed that radicchio was useful as a blood purifier and an aid for insomniacs in ""Naturalis Historia"". Radicchio contains intybin, a sedative/analgesic, as well as a type of flavonoid called anthocyanin, which is used in making dye-sensitized solar cells."
"Oregano Oregano (, ; Origanum vulgare) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is native to temperate Western and Southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. Oregano is a perennial herb, growing from tall, with opposite leaves long. The flowers are purple, long, produced in erect spikes. It is sometimes called wild marjoram, and its close relative, ""O. majorana"", is known as sweet marjoram. The word ""oregano"" is derived from Spanish ""orégano"", from Latin ""orīganum"", from Greek ὀρίγανον (""orī́ganon""). This is a compound of όρος (""óros""), ""mountain"", and γάνος (""gános""), ""brightness"", whence ""brightness of the mountain"". Oregano is"
"this plant produces heat. Leaves, fruits and rhizomes contain compounds that make them poisonous. Notably, leaves are rich in oxalic acid; other active principles are present in other parts. The ingestion of berries, which are showy and red, may result fatal for babies and young children. As a general rule, avoiding consumption is advisable for adults too. Arum italicum Arum italicum is a species of flowering herbaceous perennial plant in the family Araceae, also known as Italian arum and Italian lords-and-ladies. It is native to the Mediterranean region (southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East). It is also naturalized"
"Muscari Muscari is a genus of perennial bulbous plants native to Eurasia that produce spikes of dense, most commonly blue, urn-shaped flowers resembling bunches of grapes in the spring. The common name for the genus is grape hyacinth (a name which is also used for the related genera ""Leopoldia"" and ""Pseudomuscari"", which were formerly included in ""Muscari""), but they should not be confused with hyacinths. In the United States, they are also commonly referred to as bluebells, though certain regions reserve this name for bluebonnets instead. A number of species of ""Muscari"" are used as ornamental garden plants. The genus"
"Romanesco broccoli Romanesco broccoli (also known as Roman cauliflower, Broccolo Romanesco, Romanesque cauliflower or simply Romanesco) is an edible flower bud of the species ""Brassica oleracea"". First documented in Italy, it is chartreuse in color. Romanesco has a striking appearance because its form is a natural approximation of a fractal. When compared to a traditional cauliflower, its texture as a vegetable is far more crunchy, and its flavor is not as assertive, being delicate and nutty. The Romanesco has been grown in Italy since the 16th century. Romanesco superficially resembles a cauliflower, but it is chartreuse in color, and its"
"Allium oleraceum Allium oleraceum (field garlic) is a Eurasian species of wild onion. It is a bulbous perennial that grows wild in dry places, reaching in height. It reproduces by seed, bulbs and by the production of small bulblets in the flower head (similarly to ""Allium vineale""). Unlike ""A. vineale"", it is very rare with ""A. oleraceum"" to find flower-heads containing bulbils only. In addition, the spathe in ""A. oleraceum"" is in two parts. ""Allium oleraceum"" is widespread across most of Europe, with additional populations in Turkey and the Caucasus. It is sparingly naturalised in scattered locations in North America."
"oil and the condiment mustard. Over 30 wild species and hybrids are in cultivation, plus numerous cultivars and hybrids of cultivated origin. Most are seasonal plants (annuals or biennials), but some are small shrubs. ""Brassica"" plants have been the subject of much scientific interest for their agricultural importance. Six particular species (""B. carinata"", ""B. juncea"", ""B. oleracea"", ""B. napus"", ""B. nigra"", and ""B. rapa"") evolved by the combining of chromosomes from three earlier species, as described by the Triangle of U theory. The genus is native to Western Europe, the Mediterranean and temperate regions of Asia. Many wild species grow"
"greens, Savoy, kohlrabi, and gai lan (""Brassica oleracea""), turnip, napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy and rapini (""Brassica rapa""), rocket salad/arugula (""Eruca sativa""), garden cress (""Lepidium sativum""), watercress (""Nasturtium officinale"") and radish (""Raphanus"") and a few spices like horseradish (""Armoracia rusticana""), ""Brassica"", wasabi (""Eutrema japonicum""), white, Indian and black mustard (""Sinapis alba"", ""Brassica juncea"" and ""B. nigra"" respectively). Vegetable oil is produced from the seeds of several species such as ""Brassica napus"" (rapeseed oil), perhaps providing the largest volume of vegetable oils of any species. Woad (""Isatis tinctoria"") was used in the past to produce a blue textile dye (indigo), but"
"is surrounded by leaves. Broccoli resembles cauliflower, which is a different cultivar group of the same species. Broccoli resulted from breeding of cultivated ""Brassica"" crops in the northern Mediterranean starting in about the 6th century BC. Since the time of the Roman Empire, broccoli has been commonly consumed among Italians. Combined in 2016, China and India produced 73% of the world's broccoli and cauliflower crops. There are three commonly grown types of broccoli. The most familiar is Calabrese broccoli, often referred to simply as ""broccoli"", named after Calabria in Italy. It has large (10 to 20 cm) green heads and"
"Ficaria verna Ficaria verna, (formerly Ranunculus ficaria L.) commonly known as lesser celandine or pilewort, is a low-growing, hairless perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae native to Europe and west Asia. It has fleshy dark green, heart-shaped leaves and distinctive flowers with bright yellow, glossy petals. It is now introduced in North America, where it is known by the common name fig buttercup and considered an invasive species. The plant is poisonous if ingested raw and potentially fatal to grazing animals and livestock such as horses, cattle, and sheep. For these reasons, several US states have banned the"
"thickened, turgid leaves. According to the triangle of U theory of the evolution and relationships between ""Brassica"" species, ""B. oleracea"" and other closely related kale vegetables (cabbages, kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cauliflower) represent one of three ancestral lines from which all other brassicas originated. Cabbage was probably domesticated later in history than Near Eastern crops such as lentils and summer wheat. Because of the wide range of crops developed from the wild ""B. oleracea"", multiple broadly contemporaneous domestications of cabbage may have occurred throughout Europe. Nonheading cabbages and kale were probably the first to be domesticated, before 1000 BC,"