What is the medical name for Rabies?
"of the contaminated wound and the amount of virus introduced. Initial signs and symptoms of rabies are often nonspecific such as fever and headache. As rabies progresses and causes inflammation of the brain and/or meninges, signs and symptoms can include slight or partial paralysis, anxiety, insomnia, confusion, agitation, abnormal behavior, paranoia, terror, and hallucinations, progressing to delirium, and coma. The person may also have hydrophobia. Death usually occurs 2 to 10 days after first symptoms. Survival is almost unknown once symptoms have presented, even with the administration of proper and intensive care. Hydrophobia (""fear of water"") is the historic name"
"Rabies Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear, the result is nearly always death. The time period between contracting the disease and the start of symptoms is usually one to three months, but can vary from less than one week to more than one"
"is mainly a disease that affects wild mammals such as foxes and bats, but it is one of the oldest known virus diseases: ""rabies"" is a Sanskrit word (""rabhas"") that dates from 3000 BC, which means ""madness"" or ""rage"", and the disease has been known for over 4000 years. Descriptions of rabies can be found in Mesopotamian texts, and the ancient Greeks called it ""lyssa"" or ""lytta"", meaning ""madness"". References to rabies can be found in the Laws of Eshnunna, which date from 2300 BC. Aristotle (384–322 BC) wrote one of the earliest undisputed descriptions of the disease and how"
"Rabies virus Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies virus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species, while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from mammals, birds, reptiles and insects. The rabies virus has a cylindrical morphology and is the type species of the ""Lyssavirus"" genus of the ""Rhabdoviridae"" family. These viruses"
"been present since 1281 CE (95% confidence interval: 906–1577 CE). Rabies virus is used in research for viral neuronal tracing to establish synaptic connections and directionality of synaptic transmission. Rabies virus Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies virus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range. In the wild it has been found infecting many mammalian species, while in the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell"
"the first patient known to have survived rabies without receiving the rabies vaccine. It is unclear precisely why Giese survived, but her case led to sustained and heavy advocacy for the Milwaukee protocol. Subsequent medical research determined that the Milwaukee protocol is not an effective treatment for rabies infection, and its use is not recommended. The term is derived from the Latin ""rabies"", ""madness"". This, in turn, may be related to the Sanskrit ""rabhas"", ""to rage"". The Greeks derived the word ""lyssa"", from ""lud"" or ""violent""; this root is used in the genus name of the rabies virus, ""Lyssavirus"". Rabies"
"rabies vaccine and sometimes rabies immunoglobulin are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms. Washing bites and scratches for 15 minutes with soap and water, povidone iodine, or detergent may reduce the number of viral particles and may be somewhat effective at preventing transmission. only fourteen people had survived a rabies infection after showing symptoms. Rabies caused about 17,400 deaths worldwide in 2015. More than 95% of human deaths from rabies occur in Africa and Asia. About 40% of deaths occur in children under the age of 15. Rabies is"
"just to teach men a lesson and make them unhappy, the plague would awaken its rats and send them off to die in some happy city"". Rabies (novel) Besnilo (in English: Rabies), published in 1983, is a thriller-horror novel by the Serbian author Borislav Pekić. The author has, within the framework or those genres, set up many of the ideas he had been working on in his previous published opus. The 1983 novel's plot revolves around the outbreak of an extremely virulent form of rabies, introduced to the London Heathrow Airport by a puppy smuggled from Israel on an Alitalia"
"the next at synapses, and is thus used for retrograde tracing in neuronal circuits. Evidence indicates artificially increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, which normally does not allow most immune cells across, promotes viral clearance. Rabies Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear,"
"Rabies in animals Rabies is a viral zoonotic neuroinvasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the rabies virus, primarily infects mammals. In the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from birds, reptiles and insects. Animals with rabies suffer deterioration of the brain and tend to behave bizarrely and often aggressively, increasing the chances that they will bite another animal or a person and transmit the disease. Most cases of humans contracting the disease from infected animals are in developing nations. In 2010, an"
"Rabies in Haiti Rabies is a viral disease that exists in Haiti and throughout the world. It often causes fatal inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals, such as dogs and mongooses in Haiti. The term ""rabies"" is derived from a Latin word that means ""to rage""; rabid animals sometimes appear to be angry. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure, followed by one or more of the following symptoms: violent movements, uncontrolled excitement, fear of water, an inability to move parts of the body, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Once symptoms appear,"
"the northeastern United States and further may cause a restrengthening of precautions against movement of possibly rabid animals between developed countries. Rabies in animals Rabies is a viral zoonotic neuroinvasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the rabies virus, primarily infects mammals. In the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from birds, reptiles and insects. Animals with rabies suffer deterioration of the brain and tend to behave bizarrely and often aggressively, increasing the chances that they will bite another animal or a person"
"World Rabies Day World Rabies Day is an international awareness campaign coordinated by the Global Alliance for Rabies Control, a non-profit organization with headquarters in the United States. It is a United Nations Observance and has been endorsed by international human and veterinary health organizations such as the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. World Rabies Day takes place each year on September 28, the anniversary of the death of Louis Pasteur who, with the collaboration of his colleagues, developed the first efficacious"
"it was passed to humans. Celsus, in the first century AD, first recorded the symptom called hydrophobia and suggested that the saliva of infected animals and humans contained a slime or poison – to describe this he invented the word ""virus"". Rabies does not cause epidemics, but the infection was greatly feared because of its terrible symptoms, which include insanity, hydrophobia and death. In France during the time of Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) there were only a few hundred rabies infections in humans each year, but cures were desperately sought. Aware of the possible danger, Pasteur began to look for the"
"for rabies. It refers to a set of symptoms in the later stages of an infection in which the person has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench their thirst. Any mammal infected with the virus may demonstrate hydrophobia. Saliva production is greatly increased, and attempts to drink, or even the intention or suggestion of drinking, may cause excruciatingly painful spasms of the muscles in the throat and larynx. This can be attributed to the fact that the virus multiplies and assimilates in the salivary glands of the infected animal with the effect of"
"Rabies (novel) Besnilo (in English: Rabies), published in 1983, is a thriller-horror novel by the Serbian author Borislav Pekić. The author has, within the framework or those genres, set up many of the ideas he had been working on in his previous published opus. The 1983 novel's plot revolves around the outbreak of an extremely virulent form of rabies, introduced to the London Heathrow Airport by a puppy smuggled from Israel on an Alitalia jet headed for New York City. Due to the mutated nature of the virus, its incubation period has been reduced to hours instead of weeks or"
"Rhabdoviridae The Rhabdoviridae are a family of viruses in the order ""Mononegavirales"". Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, and plants serve as natural hosts. Currently, 18 genera are recognised. Diseases associated with viruses of this family include rabies fatal encephalitis caused by rabies virus, and vesicular diseases and encephalitis flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from the Greek ""rhabdos"", meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. Rhabdovirions are enveloped, with bullet-shaped and bacilliform geometries. These virions are about 75 nm wide and 180 nm long. Rhabdoviruses have helical nucleocapsids and their genomes"
"the beginning of a lifelong productive career in implementing vaccines and programs that would eliminate rabies as a major public health concern in the United States. His work was then spread through the WHO to the rest of the world. Indeed, Tierkel came to be known as “Dr. Rabies”. In the summer of 1946 Tierkel applied to the USPHS for appointment as a scientist and came to Washington. Tierkel then went to Montgomery, Alabama when he found out that the Rockefeller Rabies Laboratory was available. Tierkel was the first CDC'er on the scene. There they followed through on evaluating the"
"cause of rabies. Louis Pasteur's 1885 nerve tissue vaccine was successful, and was progressively improved to reduce often severe side-effects. In modern times, the fear of rabies has not diminished, and the disease and its symptoms, particularly agitation, have served as an inspiration for several works of zombie or similarly-themed fiction, often portraying rabies as having mutated into a stronger virus which fills humans with murderous rage or incurable illness, bringing about a devastating, widespread pandemic. It was developed and named by Rodney Willoughby, Jr., following its use in the treatment of Jeanna Giese. Giese, a teenager from Wisconsin, became"
"is mostly found in Asia and Africa. There is a higher prevalence in rural areas and it disproportionately affects children. Rabies is usually fatal after symptoms develop. It is caused by a lyssavirus transmitted through wounds or bites from infected animals. The first symptoms are fever and pain near the infection site which occur after a one to three month incubation period. Furious (more common type) rabies causes hyperactivity, hydrophobia, aerophobia, and death by cardio-respiratory arrest occurs within days. Paralytic rabies causes a slow progression from paralysis to coma to death. It can be prevented in dogs by vaccination, and"
"for rabies. However, unknown to him, rabies is a virus, and so unlike cholera and anthrax, which are bacterial pathogens, rabies is invisible and thus Pasteur found that it could not be cultured in the same way that cholera and anthrax could be. Methods for serial passage for viruses in vitro were not developed until the 1940s, when John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins developed a technique for this. These three scientists subsequently won the Nobel Prize for their major advancement. To solve this problem, Pasteur worked with the rabies virus in vivo. In particular, he took brain tissue"
"and hyena skin; Antaeus recommended a preparation made from the skull of a hanged man. Rabies appears to have originated in the Old World, the first epizootic in the New World occurring in Boston in 1768. It spread from there, over the next few years, to various other states, as well as to the French West Indies, eventually becoming common all across North America. Rabies was considered a scourge for its prevalence in the 19th century. In France and Belgium, where Saint Hubert was venerated, the ""St Hubert's Key"" was heated and applied to cauterize the wound. By an application"
"year. The time depends on the distance the virus must travel along peripheral nerves to reach the central nervous system. Rabies is caused by ""lyssaviruses"", including the rabies virus and Australian bat lyssavirus. It is spread when an infected animal scratches or bites another animal or human. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose. Globally, dogs are the most common animal involved. More than 99% of rabies cases in countries where dogs commonly have the disease are caused by dog bites. In the Americas, bat bites"
"encephalitis and symptoms appear. This is called the ""prodromal"" phase and at this time, treatment is usually unsuccessful. Rabies may also inflame the spinal cord producing myelitis. Any mammal may become infected with the rabies virus and develop symptoms, including humans. But dogs are, by far, the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all rabies transmissions to humans according to the World Health Organization. Infected monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, wolves, bats, and cats are also known to transmit rabies to humans. Rabies may also spread through exposure to infected domestic farm animals, groundhogs, weasels,"
"anti-rabies immunoglobulin (or antibody) providing passive protection via neutralization and clearance of the Rabies virus. This is the regimen to be followed in the event of any exposure of humans to suspect zoonotic vectors, while immunization, although effective, is predisposed to temporal limitations. Rabies testing Rabies testing is a test generally done on animals (predominantly wild animals) when a person has been bitten. Since the 1960s, the standard test for rabies has been Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA). Because rabies is present in nervous tissue (and not blood like many other viruses), it is best to test for rabies in brain"
"effective and have greater side effects. Their use is thus not recommended by the World Health Organization. The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885, and was followed by an improved version in 1908. Millions of people globally have been vaccinated and it is estimated that this saves more than 250,000 people a year. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 44 and 78 USD for a course of treatment as of 2014. In the United"
"programs. The global burden of rabies is now estimated to be 59,000 human lives every year, with annual economic losses of around 8.6 billion US dollars. The first World Rabies Day (WRD) was organized by the two founding partners, the Alliance for Rabies Control (ARC) and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta (CDC), on 8 September 2007 with the co-sponsorship of the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/AMRO) . In 2008, the Global Alliance for Rabies Control changed the date to 28 September, as remembrance for"
"to be transmitted to the next host. All warm-blooded species, including humans, may become infected with the rabies virus and develop symptoms. Birds were first artificially infected with rabies in 1884; however, infected birds are largely, if not wholly, asymptomatic, and recover. Other bird species have been known to develop rabies antibodies, a sign of infection, after feeding on rabies-infected mammals. The virus has also adapted to grow in cells of cold-blooded vertebrates. Most animals can be infected by the virus and can transmit the disease to humans. Infected bats, monkeys, raccoons, foxes, skunks, cattle, wolves, coyotes, dogs, mongooses (normally"
"diagnosed with a finger-prick blood test. Onchocerciasis is also known as ""river blindness"". There are 37 million people infected and prevalence is higher in rural areas. Over 99 percent of cases are in Sub-Saharan Africa. It causes blindness, skin rashes, lesions, intense itching, and skin depigmentation. It is a vector-borne disease, caused by filarial worm infected blackflies. It can be treated with ivermectin. It can be prevented by insecticide spraying or preventative dosing with ivermectin. The symptoms are generally itching and skin lesions. There are two forms of rabies: furious and paralytic. There are 60,000 deaths from rabies annually. It"
"in 1902. Unlike the other countries of Europe it is protected by being an island, and by strict quarantine procedures. Rabies has been known since around 2000 B.C. The first written record of rabies is in the Mesopotamian Codex of Eshnunna (circa 1930 BC), which dictates that the owner of a dog showing symptoms of rabies should take preventive measure against bites. If another person were bitten by a rabid dog and later died, the owner was heavily fined. Ineffective folk remedies abounded in the medical literature of the ancient world. The physician Scribonius Largus prescribed a poultice of cloth"
"estimated 26,000 people died from rabies, down from 54,000 in 1990. Three stages of rabies are recognized in dogs and other animals. Bat-transmitted rabies occurs throughout North and South America but it was first closely studied in Trinidad in the West Indies. This island was experiencing a significant toll of livestock and humans alike to rabid bats. In the 10 years from 1925 and 1935, 89 people and thousands of livestock had died from it—“the highest human mortality from rabies-infected bats thus far recorded anywhere.” In 1931, Dr. Joseph Lennox Pawan of Trinidad in the West Indies, a Government Bacteriologist,"
"Rabies immunoglobulin Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. It is used to prevent rabies following exposure. It is given after the wound is cleaned with soap and water or providone-iodine and is followed by a course of rabies vaccine. It is given by injection into the site of the wound and into a muscle. It is not needed in people who have been previously vaccinated against rabies. Common side effects include pain at the site of injection, fever, and headache. Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis may rarely occur. Use during pregnancy"
"cleaning and disinfecting bite wounds (post-exposure prophylaxis). Rabies is undiagnosable before symptoms develop. It can be detected through tissue testing after symptoms develop. There are over 200 million cases of schistosomiasis. Approximately 85 percent of cases are in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease can be fatal by causing bladder cancer and hematemesis. ""Schistosoma"" species have a complex life cycle that alternates between humans and freshwater snails. Infection occurs when skin comes into contact with contaminated freshwater in which the snail that carry the parasite are living. Symptoms for schistosomiasis are not caused by the worms but by the body’s reaction to"