British politician Norman Tebbit created controversy in 1990 commenting on the perceived lack of loyalty of South Asian and Caribbean immigrants towards the English team playing which game?
"Cricket test The cricket test, also known as the Tebbit test, was a controversial phrase coined in April 1990 by the British Conservative politician Norman Tebbit in reference to the perceived lack of loyalty to the England cricket team among South Asian and Caribbean immigrants and their children. Tebbit suggested that those immigrants who support their native countries rather than England at the sport of cricket are not significantly integrated into the United Kingdom. Post-war Britain experienced mass migration from the cricket playing countries of the West Indies and South Asia. Ever since, the issue of assimilation and multiculturalism has"
"been a controversial issue in British politics. Tebbit, in an interview with the ""Los Angeles Times"", said: ""A large proportion of Britain's Asian population fail to pass the cricket test. Which side do they cheer for? It's an interesting test. Are you still harking back to where you came from or where you are?"" Tebbit told Woodrow Wyatt in 1991 that he did not think certain immigrant communities would assimilate ""because some of them insist on sticking to their own culture, like the Muslims in Bradford and so forth, and they are extremely dangerous."" The phrase ""cricket test"" and the"
"England, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Kenya, Zimbabwe, the English-speaking Caribbean and especially in the Indian-subcontinent where it is often said to be followed like a religion. Canada has seen a marked increase in domestic, as well as interest in international cricket, over the past decade. This can be attributed, in large part, to the growing subcontinental diaspora in Canada. Cricket is the most popular sport or a major sport in most former British Colonies. Like baseball, cricket has had an influence on the lexicon of these nations with such phrases as ""that's not cricket"" (unfair), ""had a good innings"","
"at the Kensington Oval (seats 28,000), in Barbados. Football (or called soccer in the USA) is the second sport in the area, after Trinidad & Tobago was the first team in the Southern Caribbean (and third in the Caribbean after Haiti and Jamaica), to qualify for the World Cup. They were the Caribbean favourites in the 1974 World Cup Qualifiers but lost out to Haiti under questionable officiating. Again coming close to qualifying for the 1990 World Cup, The ""Soca Warriors fell by a single goal to the always powerful USA team despite only needing a draw to qualify. The"
"in 1989), compounded by lasting social and professional ostracism. Sobers retained his stance that politics should not interfere with sport, and was reluctant to criticise the West Indians who toured South Africa. All the same, he came to regret having gone to Rhodesia because of the scandal he had provoked. ""Had I known the furore my visit was to cause,"" he later said, ""I would not have gone."" Salisbury Sports Club tournament in 1970 Garfield Sobers, captain of the West Indies cricket team and one of the most prominent cricketers in the world, outraged many in the Caribbean in September"
"team to be difficult to lead, particularly Godfrey Evans, and Fred Trueman. Off-field events often overshadowed the cricket. Amid growing independence movements in the region, Hutton believed his team was used as a political instrument to support colonial rule. The situation was further inflamed as journalists and English residents in the Caribbean placed great emphasis on an English victory, and the perception was that the series would establish the unofficial world champions. The standards of local umpiring were a further source of controversy. The crowds often made noisy protests about on-field events, often related to umpiring. The climax came in"
"won by Qatar. In testimony to a UK parliamentary inquiry board in May 2011, Lord Triesman alleged that Trinidad and Tobago's Jack Warner demanded $4 million for an education center in his country and Paraguay's Nicolás Léoz asked for an honorary knighthood in exchange for their votes. Also, two ""Sunday Times"" reporters testified that they had been told that Jacques Anouma of the Ivory Coast and Issa Hayatou of Cameroon were each paid $1.5 million to support Qatar's bid for the tournament. All four have denied the allegations. Mohammed bin Hammam, who played a key role in securing the games"
"(against touring England at Port Elizabeth), becoming the third test nation. In 1970, the ICC voted to suspend South Africa from international Cricket indefinitely because of its government's policy of apartheid, an overtly racist policy, which led them to play only against the white nations (England, Australia, New Zealand), and field only white players. This decision excluded players such as Graeme Pollock from partaking in international Test Cricket. It would also cause the emigration of future stars like Tony Greig, Allan Lamb and Robin Smith, who all played for England, and Kepler Wessels, who initially played for Australia, before returning"
"emblem for national sports teams. In a question and answer session after the speech Watson allegedly stated that he hated losing his place in the Bok team to an Afrikaner (Schalk Burger, a former IRB Player of the Year). He also allegedly quoted his father as saying that the rugby administration was ""rotten to the core"" and run by ""Dutchmen."" Afrikaners associate the term with pejorative attitudes towards them by British colonists and their descendants, connoting lack of intelligence and low breeding. No reference to Burger or to ""Dutchmen"" occur in the transcript of his speech. Watson's words completely contradicted"
"off in 1970, with England hastily arranging a tour by a Rest of the World team, which itself included some South Africans. Garry Sobers, the West Indies' captain and their best cricketer, caused controversy by playing in a double-wicket competition in Rhodesia in September 1970. Although Sobers spent only 48 hours in Salisbury, he had time for a meal with the prime minister, Ian Smith, and described him as a great man to talk to. Sobers' statement and his participation in the tournament gave Caribbean politicians an opportunity to make clear their hatred of apartheid and racism. The Guyanese prime"
"(1981) and Tottenham (1985), which brought heightened political saliency to the 'race issue' in British politics. It is commonly assumed that the Conservative Party under Thatcher had adopted a strong assimilationist stance and was hostile to the concept of multiculturalism. Former Conservative PM Margaret Thatcher was warned by her Foreign Secretary, Geoffrey Howe, that she would be seen as a ""friend of apartheid"" due to her government's refusal to impose sanctions on apartheid South Africa in the run-up to the 1986 Commonwealth Games. They were boycotted by 32 of the 59 eligible countries due to Britain's refusal to sever sporting"
"fixtures. In 1987 a Caribbean XI entertained Brazilian São Paulo FC and a year later a 'Caribbean Selection' played against the national team of Trinidad and Tobago. Since the formation of the CFU, games have typically taken place in Port-of-Spain. In August 1993, CFU President Jack Warner ruled out the possibility of merging the Caribbean nations into one national football team, similar to the West Indies cricket team. He said: ""There seems to be some myth outside there that a Caribbean team is the answer to football in the region. I have never heard anything so ludicrous,"" said Warner, ""If"
"Although the number of players of African-Caribbean origin in the English league was increasing far beyond proportions in wider society, when Black players represented the English national team, they still had to endure racism from a section of England supporters. When selected to play for England, Regis received a bullet through the mail with the threat: ""You'll get one of these through your knees if you step on our Wembley turf."" By the 1980s the British African-Caribbean community was well represented at all playing levels of the game. John Barnes, born in Jamaica, was one of the most talented players"
"a number of British born footballers including Robbie Earle, Frank Sinclair and Darryl Powell represented the Jamaica national football team in the 1998 World Cup finals. At the turn of the millennium, British-born Black footballers constituted about 13% of the English league, and a number of groups including ""Kick It Out"" were highlighting issues of racism still in the game. In the 2006 World Cup finals, Theo Walcott, a striker of English and Jamaican parents, became the youngest ever player to join an England world cup squad - a side that included African-Caribbean players in every department, goal-keeping, defence, midfield"
"A total of 30 non-British (Isles) players from 19 different countries have scored in the derby (not including own goals, which add three countries to the list) since Liverpool's Craig Johnston became the first such player to do so, in the 1986 Cup final (though Bruce Grobbelaar was the first non-British Isles player to get on the derby scoresheet with his own-goal in the 1984 Charity Shield). Most recently Everton's Gylfi Sigurðsson added the newest country (Iceland) to this list. Everton's Tim Cahill and Liverpool's Dirk Kuyt, who both left their respective clubs after the 2012 season, along with Luis"
"matter in Britain and immigration from Asia and the Caribbean became an issue in general elections. Racial tensions had risen throughout the 1950s, and race riots had occurred. Tim Quelch, in his review of English cricket in the 1950s, suggests that ""[England's] record on race relations had hardly been exemplary"". But Jack Williams, in his book ""Cricket and Race"", suggests that cricket was a force for racial harmony in England given the influx of African-Caribbean and Asian overseas players and the mingling of white and African-Caribbean supporters during several Test series between England and the West Indies. Against this background,"
"the lack of fellow Asians in the sport. Roger Verdi, of Indian origin, was forced to change his name because of racism, and had to move to the United States to start a professional career. Zesh Rehman, of Pakistani origin, was the first British Asian to play in the Premiership. Rehman later launched his own Foundation in May 2010, with the intention of helping young British Asians in football. Anwar Uddin, of Bangladeshi origin, was the first British Asian to captain a side in the top four divisions of English League football. Uddin remains the only player of Bangladeshi origin"
"uproar in the Caribbean is comprehensively to understate what took place,"" the Jamaican politician Michael Manley later wrote in his ""History of West Indies Cricket"". The Antigua Labour Party's ""Workers' Voice"" newspaper damned Sobers as ""a white black man"" and charged that by playing in Rhodesia, he had ""abdicated his loyalty to Africans everywhere, and all West Indians in particular"". Manley's opinion was that if Sobers did not apologise, he ""may not be welcomed anywhere by people who believe that justice is bigger than even sport"". Frank Walcott of the Barbados Workers' Union, who was a personal friend of Sobers,"
"England at Blackheath. Owing to a dispute over the formation of the International Rugby Football Board, England had not played an international in nearly two years. This contributed to at least twelve of their team lacking international experience—however many of their players were from strong club and county sides. The match was notable for a dispute between the New Zealanders and the match referee—Rowland Hill. Early in the second half Ellison attempted to tackle the English player Andrew Stoddart, and in the process managed to rip his shorts off. The Natives' players promptly formed a circle around Stoddart to allow"
"to Argentina in the 19th century. The rivalry between the England and Argentina national football teams is generally traced back to the 1966 FIFA World Cup. During the quarter-final game at Wembley Stadium, the home of the England national team, Argentine captain Antonio Rattin was sent off as Argentina lost in a game which contained excessive foul play. Rattin was angered at the sending-off, feeling that the German referee Rudolf Kreitlein, who did not speak Spanish, had been biased towards the English, a fellow European nation, in front of their home fans, and stamped over the royal carpet in the"
"clear to the Packer signees. Dispirited by this turn of events and hampered by poor form and indifferent weather, Australia crashed to a 3–0 defeat, surrendering the Ashes won two years before. In light of the controversies the ""Sydney Gazette"" article clearly showed West Indian captain Clive Lloyd interviewed after leaving the Caribbean team to join Packer, Lloyd stated it was nothing personal it was clearly earning a more comfortable source of income. That interview created waves across the Caribbean and even in world cricket. It was then realized that the sport had been transformed into one's livelihood. A largely"
"by England. South Africa toured New Zealand in 1981. South Africa were excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. Racially selected New Zealand sports teams toured South Africa until the 1970 All Blacks rugby tour allowed Māori to go under the status of 'honorary whites'. No other issue, political or otherwise has divided the rugby community so much, at least not since the great schism with rugby league over professionalism. While many rugby fans and commentators would try and body swerve politics, at least politics of a certain kind, the apartheid issue brought it right"
"arrival in Britain. In the north of England, criticism of the visitors' sportsmanship was rarer; the tourists were accepted as playing the game in the same spirit as their local opponents, which in the north was a more working class sport than in the south. Some of the Natives, including Joe Warbrick, accused the RFU and the English press of hypocrisy, claiming that they were quick to criticise the New Zealanders for rough play, yet tolerant of similar behaviour from their own players. The Natives remained in London following the England international. They defeated London Welsh on 18 February, before"
"accused one English cricketer of tampering with the ball in order to aid reverse swing during their match against Sri Lanka. Umpire Aleem Dar changed the ball midway through Sri Lanka's innings, but England coach Ashley Giles denied the accusations, saying that Dar changed the ball because it had gone out of shape. The semi-final between India and Sri Lanka at Sophia Gardens in Cardiff saw individuals, possibly Tamil Youth activists, running onto the pitch with flags of Tamil Eelam and banners protesting against the Sri Lankan team playing in the United Kingdom. The first invasion occurred in the 50th"
"into the heart of the game, in a very direct, and often physical way. The issue particularly came to the fore in the seventies and eighties. Unlike the split in the rugby world though, the apartheid issue attracted considerable interest from outside the sporting world. The issue affected not only black South Africans, but also indigenous New Zealanders and to a lesser extent indigenous Australians. Many major rugby union international sides had few non-white players, but theoretically, a side such as would be frowned upon. The famous Scottish rugby commentator, Bill McLaren, devotes an entire chapter to the subject in"
"among the players and spectators at the game between Nottingham and a local representative team. While the Argentines tried to win through skill and cleverness, the British showed their physical play. Supporters of European descent were enthusiastic about the action and the supremacy of Nottingham, while the locals felt wronged by the disdain towards the ball skills of the private players. The English and anglophile "" Buenos Aires Herald "" criticized the representative team that ""had dared to criticize the play of Forest"". The newspaper wrote that the sport was intended to improve the endurance of its practitioners and to"
"could only review the simultaneous catch ruling. After they upheld the simultaneous possession as a completion in favor of the Seahawks, the controversy surrounding the play led to a plausible disdain from not only irate Packer fans but also NFL fans in general. It was reported that in the hours after the game, the NFL commissioner's office received over 70,000 voice-mails regarding the play. The controversy even drew remarks from people outside of football, as basketball player LeBron James and professional golfer Bubba Watson both sent messages via Twitter giving their own criticism on the play. NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt,"
"Soviet Union. The match took place during the Cold War and the pressure was mounting. In 1969, the Marylebone Cricket Club refused to allow Basil D'Oliveira to play for England against South Africa for fear of upseting the apartheid regime. D'Oliveira was a coloured born in South Africa and refused permission to play for the South African team by the government, instead he played for England. D'Oliveria was one of the more likely players to be selected following his performance against Australia in the previous year's Ashes. However, he was not selected; it was suspected at the time that this"
"against players of any colour, race or creed."" Sobers said that the white South African members of the Rest of the World squad in England had functioned well as part of the multiracial team, and that he hoped for a similar Rest of the World series in the Caribbean as he believed West Indian cricket fans would enjoy seeing the South African players. He expressed confusion regarding the calls for him to be stripped of his captaincy. ""I am a professional cricketer and a sportsman, not a politician,"" he said. ""I went to play cricket. I don't see why this"
"Strauss, while Test and ODI attack leader James Anderson was in the T20 squad, but largely preferred to swing specialist Ryan Sidebottom. Another decision that became especially controversial was the inclusion of two naturalized South Africans as opening batsmen – Michael Lumb and wicketkeeper Craig Kieswetter – in addition to star batsman Kevin Pietersen, born in South Africa but with an English mother. The team also included Eoin Morgan – who, on a previous tour of the West Indies, had been in the Irish team that had upset Pakistan and Bangladesh during the 2007 World Cup – and two other"
"scored the only goal of the match. This game is known as ""el robo del siglo"" (the robbery of the century) in Argentina. It is one of the worst championship by results for the South American nations. South American protesters claimed that England, as hosts, had rigged the entire tournament with the help of West Germany. They particularly complained about the referees. English officials refereed most of Brazil's games. The England–Argentina match was refereed by a German; it was a bad-tempered match and the England manager, Alf Ramsay, described the Argentines afterwards as ""animals"". Meanwhile, the West Germany–Uruguay match had"
"that when Aborigines play Australian Football with a clear mind and total focus, we are born to play it."" Controversy erupted when, during an appearance on ""The Marngrook Footy Show"", AFL historian Gillian Hibbins called Goodes a ""racist"", adding: ""If you define racism as believing a race is superior in something, this is basically what he [Goodes] was doing."" On 24 May 2013, during the AFL's annual Indigenous Round, a 13-year-old Collingwood supporter called Goodes an ""ape"". Upon hearing the abuse, Goodes pointed the girl out to security, who ejected her from the stadium. After the game, Collingwood president Eddie"
"West Indians and English expatriates; umpiring decisions added to the controversy, with the MCC team feeling hard done by over several decisions by local umpires and the crowds reacting with violence over two decisions that went England's way in the First and Third Tests. Wisden recommended that the West Indies draw up a panel of umpires from all the countries rather than using local umpires in each match. But it also had harsh words for England players whose dissent was made public, and also for the excessive caution of the England team in the Second Test. The experiment of using"