What is the most common name of the British bird Falco Columbarius, a pigeon hawk, the males having a blue grey back?
"In recent decades merlin populations in North America have been significantly increasing, with some merlins becoming so well adapted to city life that they forgo migration. The merlin was described and illustrated by the English naturalist Mark Catesby (as the ""pigeon hawk"") in his ""Natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands"" published in 1729–1732. Based on this description, in 1758 Carl Linnaeus included the species in the tenth edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" and introduced the present binomial name ""Falco columbarius"" with the type locality as ""America"". The genus name is Late Latin; ""falco"" derives from ""falx"", ""falcis"","
"Peregrine falcon The peregrine falcon (""Falco peregrinus""), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a widespread bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, barred white underparts, and a black head. As is typical of bird-eating raptors, peregrine falcons are sexually dimorphic, with females being considerably larger than males. The peregrine is renowned for its speed, reaching over during its characteristic hunting stoop (high-speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a ""National Geographic"" TV programme, the highest"
"(""Falco subbuteo""), European stonechat (""Saxicola rubecola""), common redstart (""Phoenicurus phoenicurus"") and tree pipit (""Anthus sylvestris""). As in much of Britain common snipe (""Gallinago gallinago"") and meadow pipit (""Anthus trivialis"") are common as wintering birds, but in the Forest they still also breed in many of the bogs and heaths respectively. Woodland birds include wood warbler (""Phylloscopus sibilatrix""), stock dove (""Columba oenas""), European honey buzzard (""Pernis apivorus"") and northern goshawk (""Accipiter gentilis""). Common buzzard (""Buteo buteo"") is very common and common raven (""Corvus corax"") is spreading. Birds seen more rarely include red kite (""Milvus milvus""), wintering great grey shrike (""Lanius exubitor"")"
"and others use the word κολυμβίς (""kolumbis""), ""diver"", for the name of the bird, because of its swimming motion in the air. The specific epithet ""palumbus"" is derived from the Latin ""palumbes"", ""wood pigeon"". In the colder northern and eastern parts of Europe and western Asia the common wood pigeon is a migrant, but in southern and western Europe it is a well distributed and often abundant resident. In Great Britain wood pigeons are commonly seen in parks and gardens and are seen with increasing numbers in towns and cities. The three Western European ""Columba"" pigeons, common wood pigeon, stock"
"Pallid harrier The pale or pallid harrier (""Circus macrourus"") is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek. ""Circus"" is from ""kirkos"", referring to a bird of prey named for its circling flight (""kirkos"", ""circle""), probably the hen harrier and ""macrourus"" is ""long-tailed"", from ""makros"", ""long"" and ""-ouros"" ""-tailed"". It breeds in southern parts of eastern Europe and central Asia (such as Iran) and winters mainly in India and southeast Asia. It is a very rare vagrant to Great Britain and western Europe, although remarkably a juvenile wintered in Norfolk"
"Harris hawk and red-tailed hawk remain the most commonly used for beginners and experienced falconers alike. The red-tailed hawk is held in high regard in the UK due to the ease of breeding them in captivity, their inherent hardiness, and their capability hunting the rabbits and hares commonly found throughout the countryside in the UK. Many falconers in the UK and North America switch to accipiters or large falcons following their introduction with easier birds. In the USA accipiters, several types of buteos, and large falcons are only allowed to be owned by falconers who hold a general license. There"
"band at the tip of the tail. John James Audubon gave this bird its English name in honor of his ornithological companion, financial supporter, and friend Edward Harris. The Harris's hawk is notable for its behavior of hunting cooperatively in packs consisting of tolerant groups, while other raptors often hunt alone. Harris hawks' social nature has been attributed to their intelligence, which makes them easy to train and have made them a popular bird for use in falconry. This medium-large hawk is roughly intermediate in size between a peregrine falcon (""Falco peregrinus"") and a red-tailed hawk (""Buteo jamaicensis""). Harris's hawks"
"name ""tinnunculus"" is Latin for ""kestrel"" from ""tinnulus"", ""shrill"". Common kestrel The common kestrel (""Falco tinnunculus"") is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In Britain, where no other kestrel species occurs, it is generally just called ""the kestrel"". This species occurs over a large range. It is widespread in Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as occasionally reaching the east coast of North America. It has colonized a few oceanic islands, but vagrant individuals are generally rare;"
"is on the ground. Four to six whitish eggs are laid. Pallid harrier The pale or pallid harrier (""Circus macrourus"") is a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family. The scientific name is derived from the Ancient Greek. ""Circus"" is from ""kirkos"", referring to a bird of prey named for its circling flight (""kirkos"", ""circle""), probably the hen harrier and ""macrourus"" is ""long-tailed"", from ""makros"", ""long"" and ""-ouros"" ""-tailed"". It breeds in southern parts of eastern Europe and central Asia (such as Iran) and winters mainly in India and southeast Asia. It is a very rare vagrant to Great"
"is not an eagle. The common names of some birds include the term ""hawk"", reflecting traditional usage rather than taxonomy. For example, some people may call an osprey a ""fish hawk"" or a peregrine falcon a ""duck hawk"". Falconry was once called ""hawking"" and any bird used for falconry could be referred to as a hawk. Aristotle listed eleven types of (""hierakes"", hawks, singular ""hierax""): aisalōn (merlin), asterias, hypotriorchēs, kirkos, leios, perkos, phassophonos, phrynologos, pternis, spizias, and triorchēs. Pliny numbered sixteen kinds of hawks, but named only aigithos, epileios, kenchrēïs (kestrel), kybindis, and triorchēs (buzzard). The accipitrine hawks generally hunt"
"1801 as ""Columba pallida"" ""pale pigeon"". Sources differ in the genera placement of this species. It is commonly placed in ""Cuculus"", but genetic evidence and its song support its placement in ""Cacomantis"", with its closest relative the white-crowned cuckoo (""Cacomantis leucolophus""). As of 2013, ITIS still listed the genus as ""Cuculus"". ""Pallid cuckoo"" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC). Other common names include unadorned cuckoo, semitone-bird, scale-bird, and brain-fever bird—from its monotonous repetitive call. Characteristics of the appearance of the pallid cuckoo include: a dark bill, a dark eye with a gold eye-ring, a"
"Scientific name: ""Falco peregrinus"" and the common name: peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon is listed as rare in South Australia according ""National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972"" (Schedule 9). This generally widespread but uncommon falcon is a large (36–50 cm), strong bird that has a steel-grey back with a black hood, a white collar and brown-barred buff underparts Flegg (2002). The peregrine falcon’s tail and flight feathers are blackish, the bird’s legs are strong and yellow and it is known for its speed Flegg (2002). According to Flegg (2002) the peregrine falcon inhabits open landscapes, with gorges and cliffs that"
"hobby (""Falco subbuteo""), lapwing (""Vanellus vanellus""), curlew (""Numenius arquata""), green sandpiper (""Tringa ochropus""), Eurasian woodcock (""Scolopax rusticola""), common snipe (""Gallinago gallinago""), collared dove (""Streptopelia decaocto""), cuckoo (""Cuculus canorus""), long-eared owl (""Asio otus""), tawny owl (""Strix aluco""), common swift (""Apus apus""), hoopoe (""Upupa epops""), grey-headed woodpecker (""Picus canus""), European green woodpecker (""Picus viridis""), barn swallow (""Hirundo rustica""), house martin (""Delichon urbica""), tree pipit (""Anthus trivialis""), dunnock (""Prunella modularis""), redstart (""Phoenicurus phoenicurus""), wheatear (""Oenanthe oenanthe""), redwing (""Turdus iliacus""), mistle thrush (""Turdus viscivorus""), sedge warbler (""Acrocephalus schoenobaenus""), aquatic warbler (""Acrocephalus paludicola""), reed warbler (""Acrocephalus scirpaceus""), icterine warbler (""Hippolais icterina""), lesser whitethroat (""Sylvia curruca""),"
"Common kestrel The common kestrel (""Falco tinnunculus"") is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In Britain, where no other kestrel species occurs, it is generally just called ""the kestrel"". This species occurs over a large range. It is widespread in Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as occasionally reaching the east coast of North America. It has colonized a few oceanic islands, but vagrant individuals are generally rare; in the whole of Micronesia for example, the species"
"supports substantial populations of upland birds including raptors, such as the hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus""), merlin (""Falco columbarius""), and peregrine (""Falco peregrinus"") (about 14–18 breeding pairs of each species, 1%–2% of the total British population), and for this reason it is a Special Protection Area classified in accordance with the European Union's Birds Directive. Much of the area is also designated a national nature reserve and a Site of Special Scientific Interest and forms part of the Berwyn and South Clwyd Mountains Special Area of Conservation. Other wildlife include short-eared owl, raven, buzzard, polecat and golden plover. The scholar T."
"striata""), marsh tit (""Poecile palustris""), blue tit (Parus caeruleus), great tit (""Parus major""), coal tit (""Periparus ater""), short-toed treecreeper (""Certhia brachydactyla""), starling (""Sturnus vulgaris""), Eurasian jay (""Garrulus glandarius""), European magpie (""Pica pica""), carrion crow (""Corvus corone""), tree sparrow (""Passer montanus""), house sparrow (""Passer domesticus""), common chaffinch (""Fringilla coelebs""), greenfinch (""Carduelis chloris""), goldfinch (""Carduelis carduelis""), yellowhammer (""Emberiza citrinella"") und reed bunting (""Emberiza schoeniclus""). Grey heron (""Ardea cinerea""), white stork (""Ciconia ciconia""), garganey (""Anas querquedula""), tufted duck (""Aythya fuligula""), red kite (""Milvus milvus""), hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus""), Eurasian sparrowhawk (""Accipiter nisus""), goshawk (""Accipiter gentilis""), European honey buzzard (""Pernis apivorus""), buzzard (""Buteo buteo""),"
"Common wood pigeon The common wood pigeon (""Columba palumbus"") is a large species in the dove and pigeon family. It belongs to the genus ""Columba"" and, like all pigeons and doves, belongs to the family Columbidae. It is locally known in southeast England as the ""culver""; This name has given rise to several areas known for keeping pigeons to be named after it, such as Culver Down. The genus name ""Columba"" is the Latin word meaning ""pigeon, dove"", whose older etymology comes from the Ancient Greek κόλυμβος (""kolumbos""), ""a diver"", from ""κολυμβάω"" (kolumbao), ""dive, plunge headlong, swim"". Aristophanes (Birds, 304)"
"Ferruginous hawk The ferruginous hawk (""ferruginous"" = from Latin ""ferrum"" – iron, ""ferrugin-"", iron rust, iron-rust color – reddish-brown), ""Buteo regalis"" (Latin, royal hawk), is a large bird of prey and belongs to the broad-winged buteo hawks. An old colloquial name is ferrugineous rough-leg, due to its similarity to the closely related rough-legged hawk (""B. lagopus""). This species is a large, broad-winged hawk of the open, arid grasslands, prairie and shrub steppe country; it is endemic to the interior parts of North America. It is used as a falconry bird in its native rangers also high above land. This is"
"metallic blue shoulders. The primary and secondary remiges are blackish brown. The chest, blue-dark gray, stained purple in males. Belly is pale gray pastel. Females, less conspicuous, do not hold the highlights, reflections and metallic hues, and even the colors are more 'gray' and off. Mainly dark grey with blacker flight feathers and paler grey tail with dark terminal band, hindneck with green and pink gloss and reddish tinge to breast. Only likely to be confused with white-tailed laurel pigeon ""Columba junoniae"" or dark feral pigeon. The voice is a guttural mournful cooing. Hints: Look for birds flying low and"
"adaptation which enables falcons to kill prey by severing the spinal column at the neck. The immature bird is much browner with streaked, rather than barred, underparts, and has a pale bluish cere and orbital ring. ""Falco peregrinus"" was first described under its current binomial name by English ornithologist Marmaduke Tunstall in his 1771 work ""Ornithologia Britannica"". The scientific name ""Falco peregrinus"" is a Medieval Latin phrase that was used by Albertus Magnus in 1225. The specific name is taken from the fact that juvenile birds were taken while journeying to their breeding location rather than from the nest, as"
"is the sole genus of the family Pandionidae; it is named for a mythic greek figure known as Pandion. Some arrangements place it alongside the hawks and eagles in the family Accipitridae—which itself can be regarded as making up the bulk of the order Accipitriformes—or else allied with the Falconidae into Falconiformes. The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy has placed it together with the other diurnal raptors in a greatly enlarged Ciconiiformes, but this results in an unnatural paraphyletic classification. They are known by the common name osprey, or distinguished as the eastern osprey, other names include fish hawk and white-headed osprey. Gould"
"birds"" because of their feeding habits. The specific ""collurio"" is from Ancient Greek ""kollurion"", a bird mentioned by Aristotle. The common English name ""shrike"" is from Old English ""scríc"", ""shriek"", referring to the shrill call. This 16–18 cm (approx. 6.3–7.1 inches) long migratory bird eats large insects, small birds, frogs, rodents and lizards. Like other shrikes it hunts from prominent perches, and impales corpses on thorns or barbed wire as a ""larder."" This practice has earned it the nickname of ""butcher bird."" The general colour of the male’s upper parts is reddish. It has a grey head and a typical"
"of prey include the red-tailed hawk (""Buteo jamaicensis""), Cooper's hawk (""Accipiter cooperii""), the osprey (""Pandion haliaetus""), golden eagles (""Aquila chrysaetos""), Harris's hawk (""Parabuteo unicinctus""), American kestrel (""Falco sparverius""), peregrine falcon (""Falco peregrinus""), the gray hawk (""Buteo plagiatus""), the barn owl (""Tyto alba""), the western screech owl (""Megascops kennicottii""), the great horned owl (""Bubo virginianus""), the elf owl (""Micrathene whitneyi""), and the burrowing owl (""Athene cunicularia"") Other bird species include the turkey vulture (""Cathartes aura""), the black vulture (""Coragyps atratus""), the northern cardinal (""Cardinalis cardinalis""), the blue grosbeak (""Passerina caerulea""), the house finch (""Haemorhous mexicanus""), the lesser goldfinch (""Spinus psaltria""), the"
"crescendo before ending abruptly and repeat after a few minutes; the calling may go on through the day, well after dusk and before dawn. The common hawk-cuckoo is a medium- to large-sized cuckoo, about the size of a pigeon (ca. 34 cm). The plumage is ashy grey above; whitish below, cross-barred with brown. The tail is broadly barred. The sexes are alike. They have a distinctive yellow eye ring. Subadults have the breast streaked, similar to the immature shikra, and there are large brown chevron marks on the belly. At first glance they can be mistaken for a hawk. When"
"North African ostrich (""Struthio camelus camelus"", LC); ferruginous duck (""Aythya nyroca"", NT); lesser flamingo (""Phoenicopterus minor"", NT); white-backed vulture (""Gyps africanus"", NT); Rueppell's griffon (""Gyps rueppellii"", NT); pallid harrier (""Circus macrourus"", NT); red kite (""Milvus milvus"", NT); Stanley bustard (""Neotis denhami"", NT); Nubian bustard (""Neotis nuba"", NT); corn crake (""Crex crex"", NT); black crowned crane (""Balearica pavonina"", NT); Eurasian curlew (""Numenius arquata"", NT); black-tailed godwit (""Limosa limosa"", NT); great snipe (""Gallinago media"", NT); African skimmer (""Rynchops flavirostris"", NT); European roller (""Coracias garrulus"", NT); red-footed falcon (""Falco vespertinus"", NT); sooty falcon (""Falco concolor"", NT); white-headed vulture (""Trigonoceps occipitalis"", VU); Beaudouin's snake-eagle"
"""Circaetus gallicus"", ""Falco naumanni"", ""Falco eleonorae"", ""Falco peregrinus"", ""Falco biarmicus"" ""Aquila chrysaetos, Clamator glandarius, Melanocorypha calandra, Acrocephalus melanopogon, Phylloscopus bonelli, Sitta neumayer"",""Oriolus oriolus Corvus corax Emberiza hortulana, Emberiza caesia, Emberiza melanocephala, Lanius collurio, Hippolais olivetorum, Sylvia ruppeli, Saxicola rubetra"". Passage migrants include ""Nycticorax nycticorax"", ""Ardeola ralloides"", ""Ardea purpurea"", ""Plegadis falcinellus"", ""Pandion haliaetus"", ""Falco vespertinus"", ""Milvus migrans"", ""Circus pygargus"", ""Hieraaetus pennatus"", ""Himantopus himantopus"", ""Glareola pratincola"", ""Calidris temminckii"", ""Tringa stagnatilis"", ""Larus audouinii"", ""Gelochelidon nilotica"", ""Chlidonias leucopterus"", ""Chlidonias hybridus"", ""Coracias garrulus"", ""Anthus cervinus"", ""Plegadis falcinellus"", ""Oenanthe isabellina"" and ""Oenanthe pleschanka"". Vagrant birds (many from nearby Turkey) include ""Circus macrourus, Charadrius leschenaultii, Apus affinis,"
"nidus-avis""), violet helleborine (""Epipactis purpurata""), the extreme rarity ""E."" x ""schulzei"" (first British record here, 1931), and green-flowered helleborine (""E. phyllanthes""). Various rare molluscs and insects have been recorded. Butterflies on the Common include the Duke of Burgundy (""Hamearis lucina""), silver-washed fritillary (""Argynnis paphia"") and purple emperor (""Apatura iris""). The avifauna includes most of the species typical of broad-leaved woodland in southern England, such as sparrowhawk (""Accipter nisus""), stock dove (""Columba oenas""), tawny owl (""Strix aluco""), European green woodpecker (""Picus viridis""), great spotted woodpecker (""Dendrocopos major""), garden warbler (""Sylvia borin""), blackcap (""S. atricapilla""), chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus collybita""), spotted flycatcher (""Muscicapa striata""),"
"cap and mask with a whitish forehead and half-collar. Underparts can be blue-grey or rufous and streaked darker. The cere in adults is a pale yellowish grey, the eye ring is pale blue, the eyes are brown and the feet are dull yellow. Females are larger in size between 34 – 35.5 cm and males are generally between 30 – 32 cm in length with a wing span between 66 – 87 cm. The Australian hobby is easily confused with the peregrine falcon (""Falco peregrinus"") however the hobby is more slender, with longer and thinner wings, and is a less"
"(""Anas platyrhynchos"") and mute swan (""Cygnus olor""). Although generally hosting only small numbers of birds (244 species recorded), the reservoir has attracted a considerable number of North American vagrant shorebirds and wildfowl, including a number of lesser scaup (""Aythya affinis""). In May 2016 a Dalmatian pelican (""Pelecanus crispus"") was seen in western Cornwall and was frequently seen on the reservoir. There are 5,000 year old fossil remains of this species from Somerset and this bird could be the first recorded in Britain since then. At the same time as the Dalmatian pelican, a cackling goose, (""Branta hutchinsii""), which is a"
"New Zealand falcon The New Zealand falcon or kārearea in Māori (""Falco novaeseelandiae"") is New Zealand's only falcon. Other common names for the bird are bush hawk and sparrow hawk. It is frequently mistaken for the larger and more common swamp harrier. It is the country’s most threatened bird of prey, with only around 3000–5000 breeding pairs remaining. A member of the bird family Falconidae, the New Zealand falcon is mainly found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island, and is rarely seen north of a line through the central area of the North Island."
"Ciconiiformes (white stork, black stork, bittern, little bittern, little egret, grey heron, purple heron, night heron), birds of prey (widespread osprey, white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, short-toed eagle, lesser spotted eagle, buzzards, northern goshawk, sparrowhawk, red kite, black kite, marsh harrier, hen harrier, peregrine falcon, common kestrel and Eurasian hobby, merlin; lesser kestrel, imperial eagle, booted eagle and vultures in southern Europe). The owls include tawny owl, eagle owl, barn owl, little owl, short-eared owl, long-eared owl. The more common European woodpeckers are great spotted woodpecker, middle spotted woodpecker, grey-headed woodpecker, European green woodpecker and black woodpecker. Some typical European shorebirds"
"include the European adder (""Vipera berus"") and grass snake (""Natrix natrix""). Multiple bird species include Bewick's swan (""Cygnus columbianus bewickii""), Eurasian bittern (""Botaurus stellaris""), Eurasian bullfinch (""Pyrrhula pyrrhula""), *Eurasian wigeon (""Anas penelope""), European starling (""Sturnus vulgaris""), gadwall (""Anas strepera""), grasshopper warbler (""Locustella naevia""), hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus""), house sparrow (""Passer domesticus""), linnet (""Carduelis cannabina""), marsh harrier (""Circus aeruginosus""), marsh tit (""Poecile palustris""), merlin (""Falco columbarius""), northern lapwing (""Vanellus vanellus""), peregrine (""Falco peregrinus""), reed bunting (""Emberiza schoeniclus""), short-eared owl (""Asio flammeus""), skylark (""Alauda arvensis""), song thrush (""Turdus philomelos""), teal (""Anas cracca""), willow tit (""Poecile montanus"") and yellowhammer (""Emberiza citrinella""). Mammalian species"
"infection is often attributed to the consumption of rock pigeons (""Columbia livia"") which carry the disease. Australian hobby The Australian hobby (""Falco longipennis""), also known as the little falcon, is one of six Australian members of the family Falconidae. This predominately diurnal bird of prey derives its name ‘""longipennis""’ from its long primary wing feathers. It occurs throughout Australia and other neighbouring countries with migrating individuals found on the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea The Australian hobby is a member of the family Falconidae and the order Falconiformes. Five major clades have been established in the genus ""Falco"". These"