In sailing, if tacking is the maneuver by which the vessel turns its bow (front side) so that the direction from which the wind blows changes sides, what is the term for doing so by turning the stern (rear)?
"a higher downwind speed made good by traveling on a series of broad reaches, punctuated by jibes in between. This is true of ice boats and sand yachts. On the water it was explored by sailing vessels, starting in 1975, and now extends to high-performance skiffs, catamarans and foiling sailboats. Navigating a channel or a downwind course among obstructions may necessitate changes in direction that require a change of tack, accomplished with a jibe. ""Jibing"" or ""gybing"" is a sailing maneuver by which a sailing craft turns its stern past the eye of the wind so that the apparent wind"
"the wind come from one side of the sail only. Because the lateral wind forces are highest on a sailing vessel, close-hauled and beating to windward, the resisting water forces around the vessel's keel, centerboard, rudder and other foils is also highest to mitigate leeway—the vessel sliding to leeward of its course. Ice boats and land yachts minimize lateral motion with sidewise resistance from their blades or wheels. ""Tacking"" or ""coming about"" is a maneuver by which a sailing craft turns its bow into and through the wind (called the ""eye of the wind"") so that the apparent wind changes"
"a zig-zag fashion, is called beating, and allows sailing in the desired direction. This maneuver is used for different effects in races, where one ship is not only sailing in a desired direction, but also concerned with slowing the progress of competitors. Sailing ships cannot proceed directly into the wind, but often need to go in that direction. Movement is achieved by tacking. If a vessel is sailing on a starboard tack with the wind blowing from the right side and tacks, it will end up on a port tack with the wind blowing from the left side. See the"
"the wind, sailboats need to alternate between headings, ""tacks"", where the wind angle towards the wind is on opposite sides of the boat. On a tack, the sailor might start by pointing the sailboat as close into the wind as possible while still keeping the winds blowing across the sails in a manner that provides aerodynamic lift which then propels the boat. The sailor can then turn slightly away from the wind to create more forward wind pressure on the sails and better balance the boat, which allows it to move with greater speed, but less directly toward the wind"
"from one side to the other, allowing progress on the opposite tack. The type of sailing rig dictates the procedures and constraints on achieving a tacking maneuver. Fore-and-aft rigs allow their sails to hang limp as they tack; square rigs must present the full frontal area of the sail to the wind, when changing from side to side; and windsurfers have flexibly pivoting and fully rotating masts that get flipped from side to side. A sailing craft can travel directly downwind only at a speed that is less than the wind speed. However, a variety of sailing craft can achieve"
"angles. This is called ""tacking."" Although this method requires the boat to physically move farther to reach a given point, it is often the quickest way to move in a given direction overall. The points of sail clarify the realities of sailing into the wind. One of the points of sail is ""Head to Wind."" A boat turns through this point on each tack. It is the point at which the boat is neither on port tack or starboard tack and is headed directly into the wind. However, a boat cannot sail directly into the wind, thus if it comes"
"a ship is tacking, it is moving both upwind and across the wind. Cross-wind movement is not desired, and may be very much undesirable, if for instance the ship is moving along a narrow channel. Therefore, the ship changes tack periodically, reversing the direction of cross-wind movement while continuing the upwind movement. The interval between tacks depends (in part) on the lateral space available: in a small navigable channel, tacks may be required every few minutes, while in the open ocean days may pass between tacks, provided that the wind continues to come from the same general direction. In older"
"on a wave front."" Another source says it is ""extremely dangerous"" and likens it to turning broadside and losing control in following seas, so as to present the ship's side to oncoming large waves. In that event, the ship may ""trip"" on its keel, roll, capsize and turn turtle. Historically, it has been defined as:<br> ""Broach-to. To fly up into the wind. It generally happens when there is considerable sea on, and the ship is carrying a press of canvas with a good deal of after-sail set. When a ship sails with the wind aft, or on the quarter, the"
"Crank-sided Crank is a condition in which a ship becomes when it heels abnormally, and recovers slowly under the action of the wind. If a ship makes long slow rolls and takes its time to resume a vertical position, it is called: crank, cranky, crank-sided, tender, or tender-sided. If the ship snaps back to its vertical position when heeled, it is called ʻstiff.ʼ Stiffness refers to a ship's power to stand up to her canvas, and will offer great resistance to inclination from the upright, when under sail. Although stiff is considered good in the case of many ships, there"
"sail as the board speed turns downwind, allowing for the sail to be jibed. Tacking is still possible, but at these conditions has become an advanced maneuver, because it requires quick movements and good balance. A heel-side turn while planing (called a ""cut-back"") is usually only executed in wave riding. Fall Recovery: In strong winds it is difficult to uphaul the sail (pulling it out of the water while standing on the board) so ""waterstarting"" is necessary. This is done (while water treading) by positioning the mast perpendicular to the wind, lifting the luff out of the water to allow"
"a variety of staysails) sail substantially faster on a broad reach than when running ""dead"" downwind. The extra speed gained by zigzagging downwind can more than make up for the extra distance that must be covered. Cruising boats also often tack downwind when the swells are also coming from dead astern (i.e., there is a ""following sea""), because of the more stable motion of the hull. ""About"" is defined as: ""To go about is to change the course of a ship by tacking. Ready about, or boutship, is the order to prepare for tacking."" Beating is the procedure by which"
"to a vessel that has been careened (laid over to one side for maintenance). The lines passed under the hull and were secured to the opposite side, to keep the vessel from overturning further, and to aid in righting the ship when the work was finished. Relieving tackle Relieving tackle is tackle employing one or more lines attached to a vessel's steering mechanism, to assist or substitute for the whipstaff or ship's wheel in steering the craft. This enabled the helmsman to maintain control in heavy weather, when the rudder is under more stress and requires greater effort to handle,"
"to fill the windward side, while the lee side is allowed to drain. This system, while not very attractive, does allow significant gains in righting force with no modifications to the hull. A trick commonly used on boats with water ballast is to link port and starboard tanks with a valved pipe. When preparing to tack, the valve is opened, and water in the windward tank, which is higher, is allowed to flow to the lee side, and the sheet is let off to keep the boat from heeling too far. Once as much water as possible has been transferred"
"sloop rigged sailboat, the mainsail tack is connected to the mast and the boom at the gooseneck. On the same boat, a foresail tack is clipped to the deck and forestay. As a point of reference, tack is the alignment of the wind with respect to a vessel under sail. If the wind is from starboard, the vessel is on ""starboard tack"", and if from port, on ""port tack"". The ""rules of the road"" for ships and boats declare that when the courses of two sailing vessels converge, the vessel on ""port tack"" must give way to a vessel on"
"will toward any downwind point, since the relative wind then moves aft. A vessel downwind of another, in attempting to attack upwind, is constrained to trim sail as the relative wind moves forward and cannot point too far into the wind for fear of being headed. In sailing warfare, when beating to windward, the vessel experiences heeling under the sideward pressure of the wind. This restricts gunnery, as cannon on the windward side are elevated, while the leeward gun ports aim into the sea or in heavy weather may be awash. A ship with the weather gage, turning downwind to"
"the ""tack"", is shackled to a fixed point on the boat in a manner to allow pivoting about that point—either on a mast, e.g. for a mainsail, or on the deck, e.g. for a jib or staysail. The trailing lower corner, the ""clew"", is positioned with an outhaul on a boom or directly with a sheet, absent a boom. Symmetrical sails have two clews, which may be adjusted forward or back. The windward edge of a sail is called the ""luff"", the trailing edge, the ""leach"", and the bottom edge the ""foot"". On symmetrical sails, either vertical edge may be"
"sails so that the wind impinged on the bow surface, could provide sufficient retrograde thrust to slow or reverse the ship. This maneuver had to be carried out with care as the rigging of masts and yards was principally designed to accept and transmit thrust in the forward direction. In a ship with a gas turbine engine and a variable-pitch propeller, astern thrust is simply a matter of changing the propeller pitch to a negative value. Most other propeller-driven ships will reverse the direction the prop spins. For a paddle wheel ship, reversing the direction of the paddle will provide"
"Reefing Reefing is the means of reducing the area of a sail, usually by folding or rolling one edge of the canvas in on itself. The converse operation, removing the reef, is called ""shaking it out."" Reefing improves the performance of sailing vessels in strong winds, and is the primary safety precaution in rough weather. Reefing sails improves vessel stability and minimizes the risk of damage to the sail or other gear. Proper skills in and equipment for reefing are crucial to averting the dangers of capsizing or broaching in heavy weather. Sails may have built-in alternative attachment points that"
"vessel, while stern refers to the ""outside"" (offboard) rearmost part of the vessel. The stern is opposite the bow, the ""outside"" (offboard) of the front of the boat. Aft Aft, in naval terminology, is an adjective or adverb meaning, ""towards the stern (rear) of the ship"", when the frame of reference is within the ship, headed at the fore. Example: ""Able Seaman Smith; lay aft!"". Or; ""What's happening aft?"" Aft also describes the direction of movement within an aircraft; that is, towards the tail. Example: ""Let's go aft"". Meaning to pull back on the yoke. It may also describe the"
"60- to 100-degree area centered on the wind direction. A sailing craft is said to be ""in irons"" if it is stopped with its sails unable to generate power in the no-go zone. If the craft tacks too slowly, or otherwise loses forward motion while heading into the wind, the craft will coast to a stop. This is also known as being ""taken aback,"" especially on a square-rigged vessel whose sails can be blown back against the masts, while tacking. A sailing craft is said to be sailing close-hauled (also called ""beating"" or ""working to windward"") when its sails are"
"Since conditions are always changing somewhat, a sailor must keep evaluating which tack, port or starboard is actually the most favorable. So with these concepts in mind, when the desired destination is exactly to windward, the most efficient strategy is given by the old racing adage to ""Tack on a header."" This is true because if before the wind changed both tacks were exactly equal – neither one was more favorable, then since a header on one tack is automatically a lift on the other, the opposite tack has just become the more favorable one and the helmsman should tack"
"Sailing Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the ""water"" (sailing ship, sailboat, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ""ice"" (iceboat) or on ""land"" (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation. A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail. Conventional sailing craft cannot derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind. On a given point of sail, the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to"
"Hiking (sailing) In sailing, hiking (stacking or stacking out in New Zealand; leaning out or sitting out in United Kingdom) is the action of moving the crew's body weight as far to windward (upwind) as possible, in order to decrease the extent the boat heels (leans away from the wind). By moving the crew's weight to windward, the moment of that force around the boat's center of buoyancy is increased. This opposes the heeling moment of the wind pushing sideways against the boat's sails. It is usually done by leaning over the edge of the boat as it heels. Some"
"the leeward side of the helm – hence the term ""Lee Helm"" – to assist the helmsman in controlling the wheel while coming about or when the vessel is laboring in high winds or an extreme sea state. Lee helm Lee helm is the tendency of a sailboat to turn away from the wind while under sail. It is the opposite of weather helm which is the tendency of a sailboat to ""round up"" into the wind. A boat with lee helm will be difficult to sail Close Hauled and tacking may be difficult. Lee helm is considered dangerous in"
"the opposite end of the boat is referred to as stroke. Bow side refers to the starboard side of the boat which is on the right hand side of a cox facing forwards but on the left-hand side of a rower facing backwards. The usage derives from the tradition of having the bow rower's oar be on the starboard or right side of the boat. In Cornish pilot gigs, the bow rower's oar is on the port left side and therefore bow side refers to the port side of the boat. Bow (rowing) In rowing, the ""bow"" or sometimes ""bows"""
"also induces heeling in a sailboat, which is resisted by the shape and configuration of the hull (or hulls, in the case of catamarans) and the weight of ballast, and can be further resisted by the weight of the crew. As the boat points off the wind, lateral force and the forces required to resist it become reduced. On ice boats, lateral forces are countered by the lateral resistance of the blades on ice and their distance apart, which generally prevents heeling. Point of sail A point of sail is a sailing craft's direction of travel under sail in relation"
"starboard side of the boat. Stroke (rowing) In rowing, stroke is the action of propelling the boat with oars, and also a rower seated closest to the stern of the boat. The stroke side is the port side of the boat. The stroke is the set of actions to propel the boat, and comprises two main parts - the drive when pressure is applied through the oars to pull the boat through the water, and the recovery when the oars are lifted out of the water and returned to the start position. When the boat has more than one rower,"
"Luffing In sailing, luffing refers to when a sailing vessel is steered far enough toward the direction of the wind (""windward""), or the sheet controlling a sail is eased so far past optimal trim, that airflow over the surfaces of the sail is disrupted and the sail begins to ""flap"" or ""luff"" (the luff of the sail is usually where this first becomes evident). This is not always done in error; for example, the sails will luff when the bow of the boat passes through the direction of the wind as the sailboat is tacked. A sailboat can also be"
"Turtling (sailing) In dinghy sailing, a boat is said to be turtling or to turn turtle when the boat is fully inverted with the mast pointing down to the lake bottom or seabed. The name stems from the appearance of the upside-down boat, similar to the carapace, that is the top shell of a sea turtle. The term can be applied to any vessel; turning turtle is less frequent but more dangerous on ships than on smaller boats. Relative to monohulls, it is more hazardous on multihulls, because of their inherent stability in an inverted position. Measures can be taken"
"vessels that could not sail close to the wind, beating could be an expensive process that required sailing a total distance several times the distance actually traveled upwind. When beating to windward often your desired destination although still in the no sail zone is not aligned directly upwind - to the eye of the wind. In this case one tack becomes more favorable than the other - it angles more closely in the direction you wish to travel than the other tack does. Then the best strategy is to stay on this favorable tack as much as possible, and shorten"
"the time you need to sail on the unfavorable tack. This will result in a faster passage with less wasted effort. Your overall course then is not an equal zig-zag as in the diagrams above, but more of a saw tooth pattern. If while on this tack the wind shifts in your favor, called a ""lift,"" and allows you to point up even more, so much the better, then this tack is even more favorable. But if the wind shifts against you and makes you fall off, called a ""header,"" then the opposite tack may become the more favorable course."
"of sail. On conventional sail boats, the sails are set to create lift for those points of sail where it's possible to align the leading edge of the sail with the apparent wind. For a sailboat, point of sail significantly affects the lateral force to which the boat is subjected. The higher the boat points into the wind, the stronger the lateral force, which results in both increased leeway and heeling. Leeway, the effect of the boat moving sideways through the water, can be counteracted by a keel or other underwater foils, including daggerboard, centerboard, skeg and rudder. Lateral force"
"""telltales"" break evenly. Luffing is also a process of power kites when they stall and the front (or leading) edge falls downwards. Luffing In sailing, luffing refers to when a sailing vessel is steered far enough toward the direction of the wind (""windward""), or the sheet controlling a sail is eased so far past optimal trim, that airflow over the surfaces of the sail is disrupted and the sail begins to ""flap"" or ""luff"" (the luff of the sail is usually where this first becomes evident). This is not always done in error; for example, the sails will luff when"