Pneumoconiosis is a type of what illness?
"also present risks of disease, illness and other long-term health problems. Among the most common occupational diseases are various forms of pneumoconiosis, including silicosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis (black lung disease). Asthma is another respiratory illness that many workers are vulnerable to. Workers may also be vulnerable to skin diseases, including eczema, dermatitis, urticaria, sunburn, and skin cancer. Other occupational diseases of concern include carpal tunnel syndrome and lead poisoning. As the number of service sector jobs has risen in developed countries, more and more jobs have become sedentary, presenting a different array of health problems than those associated with"
"Pneumocystis pneumonia ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia that is caused by the yeast-like fungus ""Pneumocystis jirovecii"". ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia is not commonly found in the lungs of healthy people, but being a source of opportunistic infection, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weak immune system. PCP is especially seen in people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS cases, and the use of medications that suppress the immune system. Signs and symptoms of PCP include fever, nonproductive cough (because sputum is too viscous to become productive), shortness of breath (especially on exertion), weight loss, and night"
"Pneumococcal pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (which is also called pneumococcus). It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000 annually, with almost 400,000 cases hospitalized and fatalities accounting for 5-7% of these cases. The symptoms of pneumococcal pneumonia can occur suddenly, typically presenting as a severe chill, later including a severe fever, cough, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and chest pains. Other"
"used, as it could now stand for pneumocystis pneumonia. Pneumocystis pneumonia ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia that is caused by the yeast-like fungus ""Pneumocystis jirovecii"". ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia is not commonly found in the lungs of healthy people, but being a source of opportunistic infection, it can cause a lung infection in people with a weak immune system. PCP is especially seen in people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS cases, and the use of medications that suppress the immune system. Signs and symptoms of PCP include fever, nonproductive cough (because sputum is too viscous to become productive), shortness"
"bacteria-free parts of the body like the blood or spinal fluid) requires hospitalization. Even with antibiotic treatments, 3-6% of all children with Hib meningitis die from the disease. Pneumococcal disease is caused by the bacteria ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"", also known as pneumococcus. This bacteria can cause many types of illnesses including ear infections and meningitis. This vaccine protects from more than 90 types of pneumococcal bacteria. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 or Prevnar13) protects against the 13 types of bacteria that cause most of the severe illness in children. It can also help prevent ear infections. Previous infection from the disease"
"pneumoniae""— a gram-negative, encapsulated, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacillus (diplobacillus), member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is sometimes referred to as the ""Frisch bacillus,"" named for Anton von Frisch who identified the organism in 1882. It is contracted directly by droplets or by contamination of material that is subsequently inhaled. A positive culture in MacConkey agar is diagnostic, but cultures are only positive in 50–60% of cases. Diagnostic characteristics are most commonly found in the granulomatous stage and are described as being chronic inflammatory cells, Russell bodies, and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and groups of large vacuolated histiocytes containing ""Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis"" (Mikulicz cells). It"
"Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously "" P. carinii"") is a yeast-like fungus of the genus ""Pneumocystis"". The causative organism of ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia, it is an important human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised hosts. Prior to its discovery as a human-specific pathogen, ""P. jirovecii"" was known as ""P. carinii"". The complete lifecycles of any of the species of ""Pneumocystis"" are not known, but presumably all resemble the others in the genus. The terminology follows zoological terms, rather than mycological terms, reflecting the initial misdetermination as a protozoan parasite. It is an extracellular parasite. All stages are found in lungs and because they"
"the cysts, or what the genetic status is of the various cell types is not known for certain. ""Pneumocystis"" pneumonia is an important disease of immunocompromised humans, particularly patients with HIV, but also patients with an immune system that is severely suppressed for other reasons, for example, following a bone marrow transplant. In humans with a normal immune system, it is an extremely common silent infection. Identified by methenamine silver stain of lung tissue, type I pneumocytes, and type II pneumocytes over-replicate and damage alveolar epithelium, causing death by asphyxiation. Fluid leaks into alveoli, producing an exudate seen as honeycomb/cotton"
"on how orthopneumoviruses attack infants and small children. Table legend: ""*"" denotes type species. The genus ""Orthopneumovirus"" is included in the family ""Pneumoviridae"". Orthopneumoviruses are found specifically in the members of the species ""Homo sapiens"", ""Ovis aries"", ""Capra aegagrus hircus"", ""Bos primigenius"", and the order Rodentia. The most common pneumoviruses are as follows: •""Homo sapiens"": human respiratory syncytial virus •""Bos primigenius"": bovine respiratory syncytial virus •Rodentia = murine pneumonia virus Mild symptoms may include rhinitis, coughing, and decreased appetite. More serious symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breathing, fever, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Having a weak immune system and pre-existing conditions such as"
"Pneumococcal infection A pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"", which is also called the pneumococcus. ""S. pneumoniae"" is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. However, it is also a cause of significant disease, being a leading cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. The World Health Organization estimate that in 2005 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million children worldwide. Pneumococcal pneumonia represents 15%–50% of all episodes of community-acquired pneumonia, 30–50% of all cases of acute"
"animals, the spread of the bacteria only occurs between animals already infected with the influenza virus, not between those without it. He says that these findings have only been inclusive in mice, however, he believes that the same could be true for humans. Pneumococcal pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (which is also called pneumococcus). It is the most common bacterial pneumonia found in adults, the most common type of community-acquired pneumonia, and one of the common types of pneumococcal infection. The estimated number of Americans with pneumococcal pneumonia is 900,000"
"discovered, and the Danish system, which groups them according to antigenic similarities. Pneumococcal infection A pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"", which is also called the pneumococcus. ""S. pneumoniae"" is a common member of the bacterial flora colonizing the nose and throat of 5–10% of healthy adults and 20–40% of healthy children. However, it is also a cause of significant disease, being a leading cause of pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, and sepsis. The World Health Organization estimate that in 2005 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million children worldwide. Pneumococcal pneumonia represents 15%–50%"
"Pneumonic plague Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium ""Yersinia pestis"". Symptoms include fever, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough. They typically start about three to seven days after exposure. It is one of three forms of plague, the other two being septicemic plague and bubonic plague. The pneumonic form may occur following an initial bubonic or septicemic plague infection. It may also result from breathing in airborne droplets from another person or cat infected with pneumonic plague. The difference between the forms of plague is the location of infection; in pneumonic plague the"
"pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) or ""humidifier lung"". This condition is characterized acutely by dyspnea, cough, fever, chest infiltrates, and acute inflammatory reaction. The condition can also be chronic, and lymphocyte-mediated. The chronic condition is characterized radiographically by reticulonodular infiltrates in the lung, with apical sparing. The strains causing infections in humans were reclassified to ""A. melanogenum"". ""A. pullulans"" can be cultivated on potato dextrose agar, where it produces smooth, faint pink, yeast-like colonies covered with a slimy mass of spores. Older colonies change to black due to chlamydospore production. Primary conidia are hyaline, smooth, ellipsoidal, one-celled, and variable in shape"
"pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal disease can cause serious illnesses such as pneumonia and meningitis. A review looking at the pneumococcal vaccine in pregnancy found that there was not enough research to say that this vaccination reduced the number of babies developing pneumococcal disease. Pregnant women, babies and infants are at risk of serious problems from the influenza (flu) virus. A review into haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) and viral influenza found one good piece of research that showed the flu vaccine reduced the number of women and babies who caught flu. Hib can cause bacterial meningitis and pneumonia. There was not"
"Psittacosis Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called ""Chlamydophila psittaci"" and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds. The incidence of infection in canaries and finches is believed to be lower than in psittacine birds. In certain contexts, the word is used when the disease is carried by any species of birds belonging to the family Psittacidae, whereas ""ornithosis"" is used when other birds carry the disease. In humans, after an incubation period of 5–19 days,"
"Orthopneumovirus The genus Orthopneumovirus consists of pathogens that target the upper respiratory tract within their specific hosts. Every orthopneumovirus is characterized as host specific, and has a range of diseases involved with respiratory illness. Orthopneumoviruses can cause diseases that range from a less-severe upper-respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Orthopneumoviruses are found among sheep, cows, and most importantly humans. In humans, the orthopneumovirus that specifically impacts infants and small children is known as human respiratory syncytial virus. Pneumoviruses have been traced by researchers from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the University Medica Centre in Utrecht, Netherlands"
"pleura, the lining of the lungs. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos. Pneumoconiosis are occupational lung diseases that are caused due to accumulation of dust in the lungs and body's reaction to its presence. Most common pneumoconiosis are silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), and asbestosis. Other examples include minerals (such kaolin, talc, mica), beryllium lung disease, hard metal disease and silicon carbide pneumoconiosis. Arsenic is classified as an IARC Group 1 carcinogen and is a cause of lung cancer. Workers can be exposed to arsenic through work with some pesticides or in copper smelting. Asbestos is a mineral which"
"singer Philip Selway. Lena Rose Pepperdine died in 1930 of parrot fever. She was the first wife of George Pepperdine, the founder of Pepperdine University. Psittacosis Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called ""Chlamydophila psittaci"" and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds. The incidence of infection in canaries and finches is believed to be lower than in psittacine birds. In certain contexts, the word is used when the disease is carried by any species of"
"""*"" denotes type species. Human metapneumovirus was first classified as a pneumovirus in 2001. Human metapnuemovirus (HMPV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus that is the second most common cause of lower respiratory infection in young children. Pneumovirus is intermediate in size between other Paramyxoviridae and the Orthomyxoviridae. Cytoplasmic inclusions are considerably more dense than those of other viruses in the family. Human metapneumovirus is very similar to your common cold; it is an upper respiratory infection. It will typically occur in the winter and early spring. This specific infection is most common in children, especially under the age of"
"for some genetic causes, the exact genes are known. Although there is no true discrimination to who this disease affects, the genes are passed from mother to child, and on occasion from father to child. Women tend not to show symptoms due to their second X chromosome not having the mutation while men are symptomatic, due to having one X chromosome. Available treatment falls into two modalities: treating infections and boosting the immune system. Prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia using trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is useful in those who are immunocompromised. In the early 1950s Immunoglobulin(Ig) was used by doctors to treat patients with"
"Silicosis Silicosis (also known as miner's phthisis, grinder's asthma, potter's rot and other occupation-related names, or by the invented name pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis) is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It is a type of pneumoconiosis. Silicosis (particularly the acute form) is characterized by shortness of breath, cough, fever, and cyanosis (bluish skin). It may often be misdiagnosed as pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), pneumonia, or tuberculosis. Silicosis resulted in 46,000 deaths globally in"
"Pneumonia Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing. Severity is variable. Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based"
"Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic (under aerobic conditions) or beta-hemolytic (under anaerobic conditions), facultative anaerobic member of the genus ""Streptococcus"". They are usually found in pairs (diplococci) and do not form spores and are nonmotile. As a significant human pathogenic bacterium ""S. pneumoniae"" was recognized as a major cause of pneumonia in the late 19th century, and is the subject of many humoral immunity studies. ""S. pneumoniae"" resides asymptomatically in healthy carriers typically colonizing the respiratory tract, sinuses, and nasal cavity. However, in susceptible individuals with weaker immune systems, such as the elderly and young"
"Pneumococcal vaccine Pneumococcal vaccines are vaccines against the bacteria ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"". Their use can prevent some cases of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two types of pneumococcal vaccines: conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. They are given by injection either into a muscle or just under the skin. The World Health Organization recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in the routine immunizations given to children. This includes those with HIV/AIDS. The recommended three or four doses are between 71 and 93% effective at preventing severe pneumococcal disease. The polysaccharide vaccines, while effective in healthy adults, are not effective in"
"Pneumonitis Pneumonitis or pulmonitis is an inflammation of lung tissue due to factors other than microorganisms. Those can be radiation therapy of the chest , exposure to medications used during chemo-therapy, the inhalation of debris (e.g., animal dander), of food particles during vomiting, herbicides or fluorocarbons and some systemic diseases. It is distinguished from pneumonia on the basis of causation as well as its manifestation since pneumonia can be described as pneumonitis combined with consolidation and exudation of lung tissue due to infection with microorganism. It can be classified into acute interstitial pneumonitis, blood pneumonitis, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis,"
"Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis () is a word invented by the president of the National Puzzlers' League as a synonym for the disease known as silicosis. It is the longest word in the English language published in a dictionary, the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", which defines it as ""an artificial long word said to mean a lung disease caused by inhaling very fine ash and sand dust."" Silicosis is a form of occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silica dust, and is marked by inflammation and scarring in the form of nodular lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs. It"
"is a type of pneumoconiosis. This word was invented in the annual meeting of the National Puzzlers' League (N.P.L.) by its president Everett M. Smith. The word featured in the headline for an article published by the ""New York Herald Tribune"" on February 23, 1935, titled ""Puzzlers Open 103rd Session Here by Recognizing 45-Letter Word"": Subsequently, the word was used in a puzzle book, ""Bedside Manna"", after which time, members of the N.P.L. campaigned to include the word in major dictionaries. This 45-letter word, referred to as ""P45"", first appeared in the 1939 supplement to the ""Merriam-Webster New International Dictionary,"
"sample to search patterns of pneumonia epidemiology, and Griffith experimented on mice for improved understanding of its pathology. Griffith performed the pivotal experiments—actually very many experiments—during the 1920s. With outbreak of World War II (1939–45), the laboratory was expanded into the Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service. Pneumococci has two general forms—""rough"" (R) and ""smooth"" (S). The S form is more virulent, and bears a capsule, which is a slippery polysaccharide coat—outside the peptidoglycan cell wall common among all classical bacteria—and prevents efficient phagocytosis by the host's innate immune cells. Injected subcutaneously with S form, mice succumbed to pneumonia and death"
"immune system known as lymphomas. Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss. The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient lives. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) (originally known as ""Pneumocystis carinii"" pneumonia) is relatively rare in healthy, immunocompetent people, but common among HIV-infected individuals. It is caused by ""Pneumocystis jirovecii"". Before the advent of effective diagnosis, treatment and routine prophylaxis in Western countries, it was a common immediate cause"
"southeastern Asia. It is endemic in certain areas of the United States. Infection is usually due to inhaling contaminated air. ""Pneumocystis jirovecii"" (or Pneumocystis carinii) can cause a form of pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems, such as premature children, the elderly and AIDS patients. ""Stachybotrys chartarum"" or ""black mold"" can cause respiratory damage and severe headaches. It frequently occurs in houses and in regions that are chronically damp. Mammalian endothermy and homeothermy are potent nonspecific defenses against most fungi. The skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and the genital-urinary tract induced inflammation are common bodily regions of fungal infection."
"Histomoniasis Histomoniasis (or histomonosis), also known as blackhead disease, is a commercially important disease of poultry, particularly of chickens and turkeys, due to parasitic infection of a protozoan, ""Histomonas meleagridis"". The protozoan is transmitted to the bird by the nematode parasite ""Heterakis gallinarum"". ""H. meleagridis"" resides within the eggs of ""H. gallinarum"", so birds ingest the parasites along with contaminated soil or food. Earthworms can also act as a paratenic host. ""Histomonas meleagridis"" specifically infects the cecum and liver. Symptoms of the infection include depression, reduced appetite, poor growth, increased thirst, sulphur-yellow diarrhoea, listlessness, and dry, ruffled feathers. The head"
"with the help of antibiotics and other drugs. Prevention of bacterial pneumonia is by vaccination against ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"" (pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children), ""Haemophilus influenzae"" type B, meningococcus, ""Bordetella pertussis"", ""Bacillus anthracis"", and ""Yersinia pestis"". Bacterial pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection. ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"" () is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia in all age groups except newborn infants. ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"" is a Gram-positive bacterium that often lives in the throat of people who do not have pneumonia. Other important Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are ""Staphylococcus aureus"""