Which Greek word means 'citadel' or 'highest city'?
"hills of Lykabettos, Areopagus, and Mouseion . The marble utilized to construct the buildings of the Acropolis was sourced from the quarries of Mount Pentelicus, a mountain to the northeast of the city. Acropolis of Athens The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. The word acropolis is from the Greek words (""akron"", ""highest point, extremity"") and (""polis"", ""city""). Although the term acropolis is generic and there are many other"
"commune. The term ""acropolis"" is also used to describe the central complex of overlapping structures, such as plazas and pyramids, in many Maya cities, including Tikal and Copán. Acropolis An acropolis (Ancient Greek: ἀκρόπολις, ""akropolis""; from ""akros"" (άκρος) or ""akron"" (άκρον), ""highest, topmost, outermost"" and ""polis"" (πόλις), ""city""; plural in English: ""acropoles"", ""acropoleis"" or ""acropolises"") was in ancient Greece a settlement, especially a citadel, built upon an area of elevated ground—frequently a hill with precipitous sides, chosen for purposes of defense. Acropoleis became the nuclei of large cities of classical antiquity, such as ancient Athens, and for this reason they"
"Citadel A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of ""city"" and thus means ""little city"", so called because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. Ancient Sparta had a citadel as did many other Greek cities and towns. In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy."
"these at the vulnerable northwest corner of the Western Hill, where the Citadel is now located. His purpose was not only to defend the city, but to safeguard his own royal palace located nearby on Mount Zion. Herod named the tallest of the towers, 145 feet in height, the Phasael in memory of his brother who had committed suicide while in captivity. Another tower was called the Mariamne, named for his second wife whom he had executed and buried in a cave to the west of the tower. He named the third tower the Hippicus after one of his friends."
"city was named ""Segodunum"". The roots being ""sego"" ""strong"" and ""dunum"" ""hill"", where ""Segodunum"" ""high Hill, stronghold"" is at the origin of the Gaulish name of Rodez. During the middle to the and of the Roman Empire, the city was called ""Civitas Rutenorum"", the city of the Rutènes. Then, it became ""Ruteni"" and finally Rodez. Rodez is locally pronounced """"Rodess"" [ʀodɛs] in French. That is explained by the spelling of the city in Occitan: ""Rodés"", pronounced ""Rroodess"" [rruˈðes]. Rodez was spelled with a final ""z"", instead of ""s"", to maintain the closed ""e"" of Occitan and to prevent it from"
"of a tank as 'the tower'. The safe room on a ship is also called a citadel. Citadel A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of ""city"" and thus means ""little city"", so called because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. Ancient Sparta had a citadel as did many other Greek cities and towns. In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the"
"mountain, the oracle (τὸ μαντεῖον). Still higher up was the hunting place of Persephone; a large unfinished temple of Zeus Basileus, a temple of Apollo, and another temple, containing statues of Cronus, Zeus, and Hera. Pausanias likewise mentions a chapel of the Good Daemon and of Good Fortune, where those who were going to consult the oracle first passed a certain number of days. Pausanias, writing in the 2nd century AD, reported that the original name of the city was Mideia, and that it took its name Lebadeia from Lebados of Athens, who moved the city from high to low"
"Migdol Migdol, or migdal, is a Hebrew word (מגדּלה מגדּל, מגדּל מגדּול) which means either a tower (from its size or height), an elevated stage (a rostrum or pulpit), or a raised bed (within a river). Physically, it can mean fortified land, i.e. a walled city or castle; or elevated land, as in a raised bed, like a platform, possibly a lookout. The term for a border fort is similar, ""mekter"", in Egyptian. Figuratively, ""tower"" has connotations of proud authority. The Book of Exodus records that the children of Israel encamped at Pi-hahiroth between Migdol and the Red Sea, before"
"the Elder and Strabo. Its ruins include various distinctly Carthaginian features. The Punic town was known to the Greeks as the ""White Cliff"" or ""White Fort"", variously given as (), (), and (). Livy translated the second sense of the Greek name into Latin, calling the settlement . The Greek probably translated the site's Punic name, although some prefer to imagine it transcribes an Iberian placename involving the words ""lug"" (""water"") and ""cant"" (""cliff""). The city enjoyed its peak between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, and the majority of the city's remains bear a Roman stamp."
"Civitas foederata A civitas foederata, meaning ""allied state/community"", was the most elevated type of autonomous cities and local communities under Roman rule. Each Roman province comprised a number of communities of different status. Alongside Roman colonies or ""municipia"", whose residents held the Roman citizenship or Latin citizenship, a province was largely formed by self-governing communities of natives (""peregrini""), which were distinguished according to the level of autonomy they had: the lowest were the ""civitates stipendariae"" (""tributary states""), followed by the ""civitates liberae"" (""free states""), which had been granted specific privileges. Unlike the latter, the ""civitates foederatae"" were individually bound to"
"many communities sought a gradual advancement to the status of a ""municipium"" or even a ""colonia"". Civitas foederata A civitas foederata, meaning ""allied state/community"", was the most elevated type of autonomous cities and local communities under Roman rule. Each Roman province comprised a number of communities of different status. Alongside Roman colonies or ""municipia"", whose residents held the Roman citizenship or Latin citizenship, a province was largely formed by self-governing communities of natives (""peregrini""), which were distinguished according to the level of autonomy they had: the lowest were the ""civitates stipendariae"" (""tributary states""), followed by the ""civitates liberae"" (""free states""),"
"('high city'), around the end of the fourth millennium BC or a little later. The Acropolis is a natural defensive position which commands the surrounding plains. The settlement was about inland from the Saronic Gulf, in the centre of the Cephisian Plain, a fertile valley surrounded by rivers. To the east lies Mount Hymettus, to the north Mount Pentelicus. Ancient Athens, in the first millennium BC, occupied a very small area compared to the sprawling metropolis of modern Greece. The ancient walled city encompassed an area measuring about from east to west and slightly less than that from north to"
"city of flowers. The Romanian name ""Codlea"" could be a derivation from the Latin *codella, diminutive from Latin coda ‘edge, rearward’ or it could be a derivation from the Slavic ""cotal"" (""kettle""), as the ""Măgura Codlei"" (""kettle hill"") looks like a kettle. In Romanian, Măgura means 'big hill, mound, forest located on a high place'. The hill also provides the Hungarian name of the city ""Feketehegy"" (""Black Hill""). The German name's origin is unknown, but there is a theory that it was derived from ""Zeidler"" (""beekeeper""). As of 2011, 90.2% of inhabitants were Romanians, 5.6% Roma, 2.8% Hungarians and 1%"
"the Greek cities Athens, Argos (with Larissa), Thebes (with Cadmea), and Corinth (with its Acrocorinth), may be applied generically to all such citadels, including Rome, Jerusalem, Celtic Bratislava, many in Asia Minor, or even Castle Rock in Edinburgh. An example in Ireland is the Rock of Cashel. Acropolis is also the term used by archaeologists and historians for the urban Castro culture settlements located in Northwestern Iberian hilltops. The most famous example is the Acropolis of Athens, which, by reason of its historical associations and the several famous buildings erected upon it (most notably the Parthenon), is known without qualification"
"mountain. The ancient city was situated at a site called Ano Kastelli or Pyrgos, approximately southwest of Kastellia, and approximately northwest of Gravia. STOA Pindus (city) Pindos or Pindus (Greek: ), also called Acyphas or Akyphas (), was an ancient city and polis (city-state) of Greece, one of the towns of the tetrapolis of Doris, situated upon a river of the same name, which flows into the Cephissus near Lilaea. Strabo, Theopompus, and Stephanus of Byzantium call the city Akyphas. In one passage Strabo says that Pindus lay above Erineus, and in another he places it in the district of"
"Citadella The Citadella is the fortification located upon the top of Gellért Hill in Budapest, Hungary. ""Citadella"" is the Hungarian word for citadel, a kind of fortress. The word is exclusively used by other languages to refer to the Gellért Hill citadel which occupies a place which held strategic importance in Budapest's military history. The fortress was built in 1851 by Julius Jacob von Haynau, a commander of the Austrian Empire, and was designed by Emmanuel Zitta and Ferenc Kasselik, after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. It occupies almost the entire 235 metres high plateau. The fortress is a U-shaped"
"of Roman rule, and is nothing but the translation into Latin of popular ""Karalis"". The two place names survived, the one as the official name of the Municipium (municipality) until today, the other as a literal translation of the Latin which became prevalent in common parlance when pre-Latin languages became extinctin the city and throughout the whole island. An extant fragment by Varro Atacinus, a Latin poet of the 1st century BC mentions: ""munitus Vicus Caralis"", meaning ""fortified town of Caralis"", Castellum in popular Latin. In any case, the word ""Casteddu"" is the direct descendant of the Latin ""castellum"" and"
"Athens Athens (; , ""Athína"" ; , ""Athênai"" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's"
"Aetna (city) Aetna (Ancient Greek: , ""Aítnē""), was an ancient city of Sicily, situated at the foot of the mountain of the same name, on its southern declivity. It was originally a Sicelian city, and was called Inessa or Inessum. After the death of Hieron I and the expulsion of the colonists whom he had established at Catana (modern Catania), the latter withdrew to Inessa, a place of great natural strength, which they occupied, and transferred to it the name of Aetna, previously given by Hieron to his new colony at Catana. In consequence of this they continued to regard"
"""a citadel in the lower part of the city"" to an audience that would have been familiar with the Jerusalem of the 1st century CE—a city that did feature two citadels: the Antonia Fortress and the Herodian palace. As Josephus' Roman Jerusalem had already expanded to the higher western hill, ""a citadel in the lower city"" could have referred to anything located east of the Tyropoeon Valley, including the Antonia which stood north of the Temple and did indeed rise above and dominate it. In his view, this is the place Josephus must have had in mind when he wrote"
"*""ardu-"" 'high' (Irish ""ard"") + Latin ""silva"" 'forest' Most of the main cities in France have a Celtic name (the original Gaulish one or the name of the Gaulish tribe). From Celtic *""brigant-"" 'high, lofty, elevated' (or divine name, Brigantia) From Celtic *""diwo-"" 'god, holy, divine' (Scottish Gaelic ""dia"" 'god') + *""duro-"" 'fort' From Celtic *""lug-"" 'Lugus' (divine name) or perhaps 'light' + *""dūnon"" 'fortress' First element from Celtic *""lemo-"" 'elm'. From Celtic *""nowijo-"" 'new' (Welsh ""newydd"") + *""magos"" 'field, plain' ""Bridge on the [river] Somme"". River name ""Samara"" + Celtic *""brīwa"" 'bridge'. Second element from Celtic *""dūnon"" ""fortress"". From"
"high hill east of the bay, but excavations show that it was a Thracian settlement before it was a Greek colony. According to Strabo, the city's name is a combination of the name of the mythological founder of the city, Selus, and the Thracian word that Strabo thought was used for"" polis"", ""bria"". This, however, did not mean polis, and had another meaning. Silivri is the birthplace of the physician Herodicus, and was an ally of the Athenians in 351 BC. Until the second half of the 2nd century BC, the city could preserve its autonomy, but after its neighbours"
"granted the status of a ""polis"", or free city, self-governed under the Roman Empire. The last institution commemorating the old Greek ""poleis"" was the Panhellenion, established by Hadrian. Derivatives of ""polis"" are common in many modern European languages. This is indicative of the influence of the ""polis""-centred Hellenic world view. Derivative words in English include policy, polity, police, and politics. In Greek, words deriving from ""polis"" include ""politēs"" and ""politismos"", whose exact equivalents in Latin, Romance, and other European languages, respectively ""civis"" (""citizen""), ""civilisatio"" (""civilization""), etc., are similarly derived. A number of words end in ""-polis"". Most refer to a"
"Cynopolis Cynopolis (Greek for ""city of the dog"") was the Hellenistic toponym for two cities in Ancient Egypt. Both Cynopolis superior and Cynopolis inferior were bishoprics in Christian times. Cynopolis was the Greek name for the ancient Egyptian town of Hardai in the seventeenth nome of Upper Egypt, was home to the cult of Anubis, a canine-shaped deity. According to Claudius Ptolemy, the town was situated on an island in the river. The modern settlement of El Kays now stands on the site. The nome of Cynopolis extended to both banks of the Nile. A burial ground for dogs was"
"Polis Polis (; ), plural poleis (, ), literally means city in Greek. It can also mean a body of citizens. In modern historiography, ""polis"" is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states, like Classical Athens and its contemporaries, and thus is often translated as ""city-state"". These cities consisted of a fortified city centre built on an acropolis or harbor and controlled surrounding territories of land (""khôra""). The Ancient Greek city-state developed during the Archaic period as the ancestor of city, state, and citizenship and persisted (though with decreasing influence) well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word"
"5th century CE. Meanwhile, the harbour of neighbouring Poseidonia (by then, renamed Paestum by the Romans) became progressively silted up by the process of coastal bradyseism. During the 5th century, when the Vandals made life difficult in Ercula, its inhabitants retreated to the overlooking promontory, which offered better prospects for defence. Then, in the 6th century, during the Greco-Gothic war (535-553), the Byzantines needed a secure, well-protected harbour, south of Salerno, so they fortified it, and called it Acropolis, meaning 'high town' or citadel. Acropolis remained in the hands of the Byzantines until 882, when the town fell to the"
"Pythion Pythion () or Pythium, also Pythoion (Πύθοιον) was a city and polis (city-state) of Perrhaebia in ancient Thessaly, situated at the foot of Mount Olympus, and forming a Tripolis with the two neighbouring towns of Azorus and Doliche. Pythion derived its name from a temple of Apollo Pythius situated on one of the summits of Olympus, as we learn from an epigram of Xeinagoras, a Greek mathematician, who measured the height of Olympus from these parts. Games were also celebrated here in honour of Apollo. Pythion commanded an important pass across Mount Olympus. This pass and that of Tempe"
"Palatine Hill The Palatine Hill (; ; ) is the centremost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city. It stands 40 metres above the Roman Forum, looking down upon it on one side, and upon the Circus Maximus on the other. From the time of Augustus Imperial palaces were built here. The hill is the etymological origin of the word ""palace"" and its cognates in other languages (, , Spanish: ""palacio,"" Portuguese: ""palácio,"" , , etc.). The term ""palace"", from Old French ""palais"" or ""paleis"", stems ultimately from the proper"
"in the Second Punic War, in the 3rd century BCE. A possible explanation of how the term arose is from a corruption of the rho in Greek ""Megara"" to a lambda generating ""Megala"" (meaning ""greater""). The coins of Hybla Major bear the Greek legend ""HYBLA MEGALAS"". Hybla Major Hybla Major or Hybla Maior or Hybla Magna (Greek: = Hybla Megale) – the ""Greater Hybla"" – was a used to identify the most important of the ancient cities named Hybla in Sicily. There is much debate as to which of the cities named ""Hybla"" the name applied (Hybla Gereatis or Megara"
"city was Greek and so were the names of his wife and relatives. There is some idea that it descended into Greek from the Proto-Indo-European language. In that regard Robert Graves has proposed the only Greek derivation available. Perseus might be from the Greek verb, ""πέρθειν"" (""perthein""), ""to waste, ravage, sack, destroy"", some form of which appears in Homeric epithets. According to Carl Darling Buck (""Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin""), the ""–eus"" suffix is typically used to form an agent noun, in this case from the aorist stem, ""pers-"". ""Pers-eus"" therefore is a sacker of cities; that is, a"
"a cultural monument of national significance. The name ""Nebet"" comes from the Turkish words ""nevbet"" (meaning ""guard"") and ""tepe"" (meaning ""hill"") or ""The hill of the guards"". It is assumed that in ancient times the garrison that guarded the city was located on the hill. The hill has another name in ancient times - ""The hill of Musaeus"", which is associated with the Thracian Musaeus who was the most talented student of Orpheus. The remains of fortress walls, towers and ancient buildings were found during the excavations on Nebet Tepe. The oldest part of the fortress on the hill was"
"is a large hill surrounded by the Kishon river, west of Nazareth. Migdol Migdol, or migdal, is a Hebrew word (מגדּלה מגדּל, מגדּל מגדּול) which means either a tower (from its size or height), an elevated stage (a rostrum or pulpit), or a raised bed (within a river). Physically, it can mean fortified land, i.e. a walled city or castle; or elevated land, as in a raised bed, like a platform, possibly a lookout. The term for a border fort is similar, ""mekter"", in Egyptian. Figuratively, ""tower"" has connotations of proud authority. The Book of Exodus records that the children"
"of the northern stoa of the sanctuary of Athena in the Upper Citadel, which was built by Eumenes II. Inscriptions in the gymnasium which mention a library might indicate, however, that the building was located in that area. On the highest point of the citadel is the Temple for Trajan and Zeus Philios. The temple sits on a 2.9 metre high podium on top of a vaulted terrace. The temple itself was a Corinthian peripteros temple, about 18 metres wide with 6 columns on the short sides and 9 columns on the long sides, and two rows of columns in"