Pope Alexander VI who died in 1503 was a member of which family?
"offensive and scandalous in an Alexander VI."" Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, a Bohemian humanist poet (1461–1510) dedicated one of his Latin poems to Alexander: Despite Julius II's hostility, the Roman barons and Romagna vicars were never again to be the same problem for the papacy and Julius' successes owe much to the foundations laid by the Borgias. Unlike Julius, Alexander never made war unless absolutely necessary, preferring negotiation and diplomacy. Alexander Lee argues that the crimes attributed to the Borgias were exaggerated by contemporaries because they were outsiders expanding their holdings at the expense of the Italians, that they were"
"September 1503 Papal conclave The papal conclave of September 1503 elected Pope Pius III to succeed Pope Alexander VI. Due to the Italian Wars, the College of Cardinals was surrounded by three potentially hostile armies, loyal to Louis XII of France, Ferdinand II of Aragon, and Cesare Borgia (the cardinal-nephew and illegitimate son of Alexander VI). The participation of thirty-nine cardinals, made possible by the delay of the funeral of Alexander VI, made the conclave the largest in history, up to that time, in terms of the number of electors. There were 21 Italian cardinals, 11 Spanish, and 7 French."
"Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 3 August 1181), born Roland of Siena, was Pope from 7 September 1159 to his death in 1181. Pope Alexander III was born in Siena. From 14th century he is referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Bandinelli, although this has not been proven. He was long thought to be the 12th-century canon lawyer and theologian Master Roland of Bologna, who composed the ""Stroma"" or ""Summa Rolandi""—one of the earliest commentaries on the ""Decretum"" of Gratian—and the ""Sententiae Rolandi"", a sentence collection displaying the influence of Pierre Abélard,"
"Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja ( , ; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death. During the Age of Discovery, the Iberian-born pope's bulls of 1493 confirmed or reconfirmed the rights of the Spanish crown in the New World, following the finds of Christopher Columbus in 1492. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. Therefore his Italianized Valencian surname, ""Borgia"", became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as"
"of Pope Pius III's most famous portraits can be viewed in the Louvre Museum. Pope Alexander VI died in 1503 and amid the disturbances consequent upon his death, it took the combined pressures of all the ambassadors to induce Cesare Borgia to withdraw from Rome so that an unpressured conclave might take place. Cardinal Piccolomini was elected on 22 September 1503 and he named himself ""Pius III"" after his uncle Pius II. This selection can be seen as a compromise between factions, Borgia and della Rovere, picking a frail cardinal with long experience in the Roman Curia over the kin"
"Spaniards when it was felt that Spain had too much control on the Italian peninsula, and that after the death of Alexander the family lost its influence and therefore any incentive for anyone to defend them. Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja ( , ; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death. During the Age of Discovery, the Iberian-born pope's bulls of 1493 confirmed or reconfirmed the rights of the Spanish crown in the New World, following the finds of Christopher Columbus in 1492. He is one"
"was in the 1570 Tridentine Calendar of the three saints as simply ""Saints Alexander, Eventius and Theodulus Martyrs"" with no suggestion that any of them was a pope. The Roman Martyrology lists them as Eventius, Alexander and Theodulus, the order in which their names are given in historical documents. Pope Alexander I Pope Alexander I (died c. 115) was the Bishop of Rome from c. 107 to his death c. 115. The Holy See's ""Annuario Pontificio"" (2012) identifies him as a Roman who reigned from 108 or 109 to 116 or 119. Some believe he suffered martyrdom under the Roman"
"This synod marked the summit of Alexander III's power. Nevertheless, soon after the close of the synod, the Roman Republic forced Alexander III to leave the city, which he never re-entered, and on 29 September 1179, some nobles set up the Antipope Innocent III. By the judicious use of money, however, Alexander III got him into his power, so that he was deposed in January 1180. In 1181, Alexander III excommunicated King William I of Scotland and put the kingdom under an interdict. He died at Civita Castellana on 3 August 1181. Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105"
"Pope Alexander VI on Ferdinand and Isabella in 1496. Following the Act of Parliament sanctioning his marriage with Mary, the couple was styled ""Philip and Mary, by the grace of God King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol"". Upon his inheritance of Spain in 1556, they became ""Philip and Mary, by the grace of God King and Queen of England, Spain, France, both the Sicilies, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes"
"Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía Saint Francis Borgia, S.J., 4th Duke of Gandía (Valencian: ""Francesc de Borja"", ) (28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, a Grandee of Spain, a Spanish Jesuit, and third Superior General of the Society of Jesus. He was canonized on 20 June 1670 by Pope Clement X. He was born in Duchy of Gandía, Valencia, on 28 October 1510. His father was Juan Borgia, 3rd Duke of Gandía, the son of Giovanni Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia). His mother was Juana, daughter of"
"Jofré Llançol i Escrivà Jofré Llançol i Escrivà, (b. c. 1390 - d. c. 1436 or 1437), also known as Jofré de Borja y Escrivà and Jofré de Borja y Doms, was a Spanish noble from Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, in the town of Borja, Zaragoza. He was related by marriage to the prestigious Borja family. He was an uncle of Cardinal Luis Juan del Milà and the father of Pope Alexander VI. Jofré Llançol i Escrivà was born in Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, around 1390. He was head of the branch of the House of Borja that resided on"
"father made him a cardinal. Cesare was suspected of murdering his brother Giovanni, but there is no clear evidence to confirm this. However, Giovanni’s death cleared the path for Cesare to become a layman and gain the honors his brother received from their father, Pope Alexander VI. Although Cesare had been a cardinal, he left the holy orders to gain power and take over the position Giovanni once held: a condottiero. He was finally married to French princess Charlotte d'Albret. After Alexander’s death in 1503, Cesare affected the choice of a next Pope. He needed a candidate who would not"
"the Old and New Testaments and early Church councils (Catholic Encyclopedia, article ""Witchcraft""). Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born as Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death in 1227. He was born in Rome as a son of Aimerico, a member of the Roman Savelli family. For a time canon at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore, he later became Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church in January 1188 and Cardinal Deacon of Santa Lucia in Silice on 20 February"
"future Pope Alexander VI. Their first child was born in 1479 and another child arrived in 1480. Joanna showed a tendency to resolve political affairs. In August 1485, she started to randomly journey through Italy, probably to ensure loyalty to her husband in the wake of rebellions led by Baron Antonello Sanseverino and supported by Pope Innocent VIII and Cardinal Giulio della Rovere. A few years later, after the conspiracy was suppressed, Joanna returned to Abruzzo, accompanied by her daughter Joanna. They visited most of the monasteries in L'Aquila that year. On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I died aged 71."
"Antipope Alexander V Peter of Candia or Peter Phillarges (c. 1339 – May 3, 1410) as ""Alexander V"" () () was a nominal pope elected during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope. Alexander V was born near present-day Neapoli in Crete, then part of the Republic of Venice, in 1339. He was born al secolo with the name Pietro Filargo, but is often known by the names Pietro di Candia and Peter Philarges. He entered the Franciscan order,"
"Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was Pope from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261. Born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne (now in the Province of Rome), he was, on his mother's side, a member of the family de' Conti di Segni, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX. His uncle Gregory IX made him cardinal deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1227 until 1231 and Bishop of Ostia in 1231 (or 1232). He"
"populated mainly by students of Regent's Park College, Oxford. Alexander V is still numbered with subsequent popes since his official status as an antipope was not asserted until the 20th century. Because of this Rodrigo Borgia took the name Pope Alexander VI in 1492. Antipope Alexander V Peter of Candia or Peter Phillarges (c. 1339 – May 3, 1410) as ""Alexander V"" () () was a nominal pope elected during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope. Alexander V"
"rule the Borgia hosted orgies in the Vatican palace. The ""Banquet of Chestnuts"" is considered one of the most disreputable balls of this kind. Johann Burchard reports that fifty courtesans were in attendance for the entertainment of the banquet guests. It is alleged not only was the Pope present, but also two of his children, Lucrezia and Cesare. Other researchers however, such as Monsignor Peter de Roo (1839–1926), have rejected the rumors of the ""fifty courtesans"" as being at odds with Alexander VI's essentially decent but much maligned character. Pope Alexander VI died in Rome in 1503 after contracting a"
"Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII (22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 6 October 1689 to his death in 1691. He is the last pope to take the pontifical name of ""Alexander"" upon his election to the papacy. Pietro Vito Ottoboni was born in 1610 of a noble Venetian family, and was the youngest of nine children of Vittoria Tornielli and Marco Ottoboni, grand chancellor of the Republic of Venice. His early studies were made with marked brilliance at the University of Padua where, in 1627, he earned a doctorate in canon"
"Beaufort, and by the five cardinals who were his family members: Hugues Roger, Guillaume de la Jugié, Nicolas de Besse, Pierre Roger de Beaufort, and Guillaume d' Aigrefeuille. In 1562 the tomb was attacked by the Huguenots and severely damaged, losing the forty-four statues of Clement's relatives which surrounded the sarcophagus. Only the sarcophagus and tomb cover survived, making the present tomb a mere shadow of its former architectural and decorative glory. Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI (; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was Pope from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352. He was"
"again. While in Rome, Rodrigo inherited from his father the Dukedom of Bisceglie and all his properties; from the Pope he got the title of Duke of Sermoneta, medals were coined with his name and titles. After Alexander VI's death in 1503, the enemies of the Pope locked Rodrigo in Castel Sant'Angelo with the rest of the Borgia family. Lucrezia arranged a discharge of their children by correspondences and alliances and requested that Rodrigo be raised by the family of Alfonso of Aragon. Rodrigo lived with his father's sister Sancha of Aragon until her death in 1506, then he grew"
"Provisions of Oxford, which was instrumental in the War. Attribution Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV (1199 or 1185 – 25 May 1261) was Pope from 12 December 1254 to his death in 1261. Born as Rinaldo di Jenne in Jenne (now in the Province of Rome), he was, on his mother's side, a member of the family de' Conti di Segni, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX. His uncle Gregory IX made him cardinal deacon and Protector of the Order of Franciscans in 1227, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1227 until"
"The Family (Puzo novel) The Family is a 2001 novel written by Mario Puzo. The novel is about Pope Alexander VI and his family. Puzo spent over twenty years working on the book off and on, while he wrote others. The novel was finished by his longtime girlfriend, Carol Gino. ""The Family"" is effectively his last novel. Many of its characters were real people, including Niccolò Machiavelli, Duarte Brandão and members of the Borgia Family. Pope Alexander VI (formerly Rodrigo Borgia) believes God will ultimately forgive his many sins simply because, as pope, he is infallible and divine. ""The Family"""
"1503 along with his brother Paolo. One of Francesco's nephews, Flavio Orsini, was created cardinal in 1565. The fifth duke, Ferdinando (died December 6, 1549) had all his fiefs confiscated by the Spaniards, but regained it after a 40,000 scudi payment. After the heirless death of Duke Michele Antonio (January 26, 1627), his lands passed to his cousin Pietro Orsini, count of Muro Lucano (died 1641). The latter's nephew Pier Francesco, who had renounced the succession in favour of his brother Domenico to become a Dominican, was later elected pope with the name of Benedict XIII. His successor raised Benedict"
"Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII (; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day. Ugo Boncompagni was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni (10 July 1470 – 1546) and of his wife Angela Marescalchi in Bologna, where he studied law and graduated in 1530. He later taught jurisprudence for some years, and his students included notable figures such"
"Pope Alexander II Pope Alexander II (1010/1015 – 21 April 1073), born Anselm of Baggio (), was pope from 30 September 1061 to his death in 1073. Born in Milan, Anselm was deeply involved in the Pataria reform movement. Elected according to the terms of his predecessor's bull, ""In nomine Domini"", Anselm's was the first election by the cardinals without the participation of the people and minor clergy of Rome. Anselm was born in Milan of a noble family. Contemporary sources do not provide any information where Anselm might have obtained his education. It was traditionally believed that Anselm de"
"Della Rovere The Della Rovere family (; literally ""of the oak tree"") was a noble family of Italy. It had humble origins in Savona, in Liguria, and acquired power and influence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes: Francesco Della Rovere, who ruled as Sixtus IV from 1471 to 1484) and his nephew Giuliano, who became Julius II in 1503. Sixtus IV built the Sistine Chapel, which is named for him. The Basilica of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome is the family church of the Della Rovere. Members of the family were influential in the"
"Orsini family The Orsini family is an Italian noble family that was one of the most influential princely families in medieval Italy and Renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini family include three popes: Celestine III (1191–1198), Nicholas III (1277–1280), and Benedict XIII (1724–1730). In addition, the family membership includes 34 cardinals, numerous ""condottieri"", and other significant political and religious figures. According to their family legend, the Orsini are descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty of ancient Rome. The Orsini carried on a political feud with the Colonna family for centuries in Rome, until it was stopped by Papal Bull in 1511."
"In 1185 preparations began for the Third Crusade in answer to the appeals of King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. Before they were completed, Lucius III died in Verona. Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III (c. 1100 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death in 1185. A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born c. 1100 (perhaps 1097) as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven. He had close ties to the Cistercians, but"
"Gregory XIII died on 10 April 1585. Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII (; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day. Ugo Boncompagni was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni (10 July 1470 – 1546) and of his wife Angela Marescalchi in Bologna, where he studied law and graduated in 1530. He later taught jurisprudence for some years,"
"minor branch would soon grow to eclipse the family's main branch with the ascension of two popes, Calixtus III and Alexander VI. Throughout their reign, the Borjas or Borgias maintained a base of power from the Torre de Canals and the greater Valencia region. A tower from their former palace still stands today. Calixtus III himself was actually born in this same palace, as it had belonged to his father, Juan Domingo de Borja y Doncel. In 1506, the Señorío was sold to the nearby city of Xàtiva, and the lands and fortifications of the Señorío fell into disrepair. The"
"and the papal conclave of October 1503 that elected Pope Julius II. He was Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals from 1505 to 1506. On December 1, 1505, he opted for the titular church of Santo Stefano Rotondo. He died in Rome on March 18, 1508. He is buried in Santa Maria del Popolo. Antonio Trivulzio, seniore Antonio Trivulzio the Elder (It.: ""Antonio Trivulzio, seniore"") (1457–1508) (called the Cardinal of Como) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Antonio Trivulzio, ""seniore"", was born in Milan on January 18, 1457, the son of Milanese patricians Pietro Trivulzio and Laura"
"born in Rome—in either 1475 or 1476—the illegitimate son of Cardinal Roderic Llançol i de Borja, usually known as ""Rodrigo Borgia"", later Pope Alexander VI, and his Italian mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information is sparse. The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century; Cesare's great-uncle Alphonso Borgia (1378–1458), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455. Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children born out of wedlock. Stefano Infessura writes that Cardinal Borgia falsely claimed Cesare to be the"