A Jayhawker was a term applied to anti-slavery militant bands from a certain US state that clashed with pro-slavery factions from Missouri. Which state is this, sometimes referred to as the Jayhawk State?
"operates the AQM-37 Jayhawk high speed target drone. The United States Air Force and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force operate the advanced pilot trainer T-1 Jayhawk for students selected to fly strategic/tactical airlift or tanker aircraft. The 184th Intel Wing call sign is the Fighting Jayhawks, and previously the Flying Jayhawks for many years before losing assigned aircraft. Jayhawker Jayhawkers and red legs are terms that came to prominence in Kansas Territory, during the Bleeding Kansas period of the 1850s; they were adopted by militant bands affiliated with the free-state cause during the American Civil War. These gangs were guerrillas"
"jayhawkers ranging from outlaws and independent military bands to rogue federal troops such as Lane's Brigade and Jennison's Jayhawkers. In February 1862, the Union command instituted martial law due to ""the crime of armed depredations or jay-hawking having reached a height dangerous to the peace and posterity to the whole State (Kansas) and seriously compromising the Union cause in the border counties of Missouri."" One expert on the jayhawkers stated that the Border War would have been bad enough given the fighting between secessionist and unionist Missourians, ""but it was basically Kansas craving for revenge and Kansas craving for loot"
"turmoil, as the question of whether slavery would be expanded into the neighboring Kansas Territory bred tension and hostility. Many people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Much of the dramatic build-up to the Civil War centered on the violence that erupted on the Kansas–Missouri border between pro- and anti-slavery militias. After a series of campaigns and battles between conventional armies in 1861, guerrilla warfare gripped Missouri, waged between secessionist ""bushwhackers"" and Union forces which largely consisted of local militias known as ""jayhawkers"". A bitter conflict ensued, resulting in an escalating cycle of atrocities committed"
"territorial period described the jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery ""Border Ruffians"", abolition, driving pro-slavery settlers from their claims of land, revenge, and/or plunder and personal profit. In September 1861, the town of Osceola, Missouri was burned to the ground by Jayhawkers during the Sacking of Osceola. On the 150th anniversary of that event in 2011, the town asked the University of Kansas to remove the Jayhawk as its mascot. The university refused. Over time, proud of their state's contributions to the end"
"describing outright criminals like Marshall Cleveland. Cleveland operated on a smaller scale, under cover of supposed Unionism, but was outside the Union military command. A newspaper reporter traveling through Kansas in 1863 provided definitions of jayhawker and associated terms: The depredations of the jayhawkers contributed to the descent of the Missouri–Kansas border region into some of the most vicious guerrilla fighting of the Civil War. In the first year of the war, much of the movable wealth in western Missouri had been transferred to Kansas, and large swaths of western Missouri had been laid waste, by an assortment of Kansas"
"of the Battle of Iuka and the Second Battle of Corinth. Late in the war, the regiment returned to Kansas and contributed to Union victory in one of the last major battles in the Missouri–Kansas theatre, the Battle of Mine Creek. The jayhawker term was applied not only to Jennison and his command, but to any Kansas troops engaged in predatory operations against the civilian population of western Missouri, in which the plundering and arson that characterized the territorial struggles were repeated, but on a much larger scale. For example, the term ""jayhawkers"" also encompassed Senator Jim Lane and his"
"involved were Kansas Jayhawkers, and had deep grudges against Missourians. Jayhawkers destroyed several towns in Missouri, such as Osceola. The destruction of Osceola is depicted in the movie ""The Outlaw Josey Wales"". Border Ruffian In Kansas, Border Ruffians was the name applied to pro-slavery activists from the slave state of Missouri, who in 1854 to 1860 crossed the state border into Kansas Territory to force the acceptance of slavery there. Armed Ruffians interfered in territorial elections, and attacked Free-State settlements. This violence was the origin of the phrase ""Bleeding Kansas"". The Ruffians contributed to the growing sectional tensions, and helped"
"troops from Kansas, and provided an excuse for a final round of plundering, arson, and summary execution perpetrated against the civilian population of western Missouri. In the words of one observer, ""the Kansas–Missouri border was a disgrace even to barbarism."" As the war continued, the ""jayhawker"" term came to be used by Confederates as a derogatory term for any troops from Kansas, but the term also had different meanings in different parts of the country. In Arkansas, the term was used by Confederate Arkansans as an epithet for any marauder, robber, or thief (regardless of Union or Confederate affiliation). In"
"To influence the territorial decision, anti-slavery elements (also called ""Jayhawkers"" or ""Free-soilers"") financed the migration of politically determined settlers. But pro-slavery advocates fought back with pro-slavery settlers from Missouri. Violence on both sides was the result; in all 56 men were killed by the time the violence abated in 1859. By 1860 the pro-slavery forces were in control—but Kansas had only two slaves. The antislavery forces took over by 1861, as Kansas became a free state. The episode demonstrated that a democratic compromise between North and South over slavery was impossible and served to hasten the Civil War. Despite its"
"influence whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state. The era of political turbulence and violence has been termed Bleeding Kansas. When the Civil War began, the animosity that developed during the Kansas territorial period erupted in particularly vicious fighting. In the opening year of the war, six Missouri towns (the largest being Osceola) and large swaths of western Missouri were plundered and burned by various forces from Kansas generically termed jayhawkers. These attacks led to a retaliatory raid on Lawrence, Kansas two years later (Lawrence Massacre), which led to General Order No. 11 (1863), the"
"red gaiters they wore around their lower legs) and their Union allies. Jayhawker raids against perceived civilian ""Confederate sympathizers"" alienated Missourians and made maintaining the peace even harder for the Unionist provisional government. As Major General Henry Halleck wrote General John C. Frémont in September 1861, Jayhawker raider Jim Hale had to be removed from the Kansas border as ""A few more such raids"" would render Missouri ""as unanimous against us as is Eastern Virginia."" While Jayhawker violence alienated communities that otherwise might have been loyal supporters of the Union, marauding bands of pro-secession bushwhackers sustained guerrilla violence and outright"
"Guerrilla warfare also wracked Kentucky, Tennessee, northern Georgia, Arkansas, and northern Virginia, among other locations. Two bands operated in California in 1864. Pro-Union guerrilla fighters in Kansas were called ""Jayhawkers"". They were involved in cross-border raids into Missouri. In some areas, particularly the Appalachian regions of Tennessee and North Carolina, the term ""bushwhackers"" was used for Confederate partisans who attacked Union forces. Residents of southern Alabama used the name in the same manner. In most areas, irregular warfare operated as an adjunct to conventional military operations. The title adopted by the Confederate government in formally authorizing such insurgents was ""partisan"
"Kansas and Missouri Kansas and Missouri are two bordering U.S. states with a long and tumultuous history. The relationship between these two states has its roots in Bleeding Kansas, but mutual distrust has continued off and on since then, even in sporting contexts. Missouri was formed out of the Missouri Territory as a slave state during the early 19th century. Northern states wanting to slow the westward spread of slavery hammered out the Missouri Compromise with southern states anxious to keep slavery legal; this compromise ensured that any state directly west of Missouri would be a free state where slavery"
"states: The Bald Knobbers, who for the most part had sided with the North in the American Civil War, were opposed by the Anti-Bald Knobbers, who for the most part had sided with the Confederates. Hernando summarizes their political role: During the Civil War, Missouri as a border state was hard hit by neighbor against neighbor bushwhacker fighting. After the war the neighbor versus neighbor fighting continued throughout the state with perhaps the most famous being the actions of the James-Younger Gang. Authorities had a difficult time bringing the criminal fighting under control because both sides still held strong partisan"
"""southern"" elements in Kansas. At the heart of the conflict was the question of whether Kansas would allow or outlaw slavery, and thus enter the Union as a slave state or a free state. Pro-slavery settlers came to Kansas mainly from neighboring Missouri. Their influence in territorial elections was often bolstered by resident Missourians who crossed into Kansas solely for the purpose of voting in such ballots. They formed groups such as the Blue Lodges and were dubbed ""border ruffians"", a term coined by opponent and abolitionist Horace Greeley. Abolitionist settlers, known as ""Jayhawkers,"" moved from the East expressly to"
"and crew to cross river. Clint Eastwood's Missourian character in the film ""The Outlaw Josey Wales"" (1976) took up the Confederate cause after Redleg Jayhawkers from Kansas killed his son and raped and murdered his wife. Jayhawker Colonel James Montgomery was portrayed as a racist, vengeful, and larcenous commander of a black regiment in the 1989 film """"Glory"""", where he is referred to as ""a real Jayhawker from Kansas."" The 1999 movie ""Ride With the Devil"", directed by Ang Lee, and starring Tobey Maguire, Skeet Ulrich, and Jewel depicts Jayhawkers raiding Missouri homesteads. An alternative country/alternative rock band originating in"
"Midwestern states but one, Missouri, banned slavery. Though most battles were fought in the South, skirmishes between Kansas and Missouri continued until culmination with the Lawrence Massacre on August 21, 1863. Also known as Quantrill's Raid, the massacre was a rebel guerrilla attack by Quantrill's Raiders, led by William Clarke Quantrill, on pro-Union Lawrence, Kansas. Quantrill's band of 448 Missouri guerrillas raided and plundered Lawrence, killing more than 150 and burning all the business buildings and most of the dwellings. Pursued by federal troops, the band escaped to Missouri. Lawrence was targeted because of the town's long-time support of abolition"
"Joseph C. Porter was authorized by Gen. Sterling Price to recruit in northeast Missouri. Missouri guerrillas frequently assisted Confederate recruiters in Union-held territory. For the most part, however, Missouri's bushwhacker squads were self-organized groups of young men, predominantly from the slave-holding counties along the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. They independently organized and fought against Federal forces and their Unionist neighbors, both in Kansas and Missouri. Their actions were in retaliation for what they considered a Federal invasion of their home state. The guerrilla conflict in Missouri was, in many respects, a civil war within the Civil War. Jesse James began"
"as slave or free states by popular sovereignty. Violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups began almost immediately. The conflict was especially bloody along the Kansas–Missouri border, where Missouri Border Ruffians and Kansas Free-Staters formed bands of partisan rangers to raid and pillage opposition strongholds, earning it the name ""Bleeding Kansas"". Kansas' popular vote eventually chose against slavery, so Kansas would fight with the North. As the local military organizations had fallen into disuse, the state's government had no well-organized militia, no arms, accoutrements or supplies, nothing with which to meet Union Army demands except the united will of officials and"
"Marching Jayhawks The Marching Jayhawks, is a 270-piece marching band consisting of woodwinds, brass, percussion, and color guard, representing the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The band performs at all home football games and occasionally travels to away games. They also send smaller ensembles to pep rallies around the Kansas City area. The band marches in parades on campus and in downtown Lawrence. The volleyball and basketball pep bands play at all home games and will often travel for post-season play. The band was awarded the Sudler Trophy in 1989. In 1887, Stuart O. Henry put together a small,"
"Jayhawkers as well as against Federal troops. The opening scenes in the Clint Eastwood western ""The Outlaw Josey Wales"" are to have taken place in Jackson County and depict the Civil War in Missouri; other movies such as ""Ride with the Devil"" did the same and was partially filmed in neighboring Clay County. The survival of Hickman Mills during the Civil War was largely due to one man. Charles Jefferys was a prominent business man who emigrated from Belgium, heir to a fortune from holdings in the British West Indies. The young civil engineer purchased up to 1800 acres in"
"a musical track from her second studio album ""Spirit"". In 2010, The Criterion Collection released a restored high-definition digital transfer for the home media market. Jake Roedel and Jack Bull Chiles are friends in Missouri when the American Civil War breaks out. During the mayhem, Chiles's father is murdered by Kansas pro-Union Jayhawkers. The two men join the First Missouri Irregulars, also known as the Bushwhackers; informal units loyal to pro-Confederacy units of Missouri in 1861. They later meet George Clyde and former slave Daniel Holt, whose freedom Clyde has previously granted. The Bushwhackers battle Jayhawkers using guerrilla warfare tactics"
"Anti-Nebraska movement The Anti-Nebraska movement was a political alignment in the United States formed in opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 and to its repeal of the Missouri Compromise provision forbidding slavery in U.S. territories north of latitude 36° 30' N. (At the time, the name ""Nebraska"" could loosely refer to areas west of the Missouri River.) Most in the anti-Nebraska movement considered the Kansas-Nebraska act to be a unilateral pro-Southern revision to the supposedly final Compromise of 1850, and a nefarious violation of the terms of the Missouri Compromise. Many were deeply alarmed by the prospect of new"
"Missouri in the American Civil War During the American Civil War, Missouri was a hotly contested border state populated by both Union and Confederate sympathizers. It sent armies, generals, and supplies to both sides, was represented with a star on both flags, maintained dual governments, and endured a bloody neighbor-against-neighbor intrastate war within the larger national war. A slave state since statehood in 1821, Missouri's geographic position in the center of the country and at the rural edge of the American frontier ensured that it remained a divisive battleground for competing Northern and Southern ideologies in the years preceding the"
"Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas, Bloody Kansas or the Border War was a series of violent civil confrontations in the United States between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas. The conflict was characterized by years of electoral fraud, raids, assaults, and retributive murders carried out by pro-slavery ""Border Ruffians"" and anti-slavery ""Free-Staters"" in Kansas and neighboring Missouri. At the heart of the conflict was the question of whether the Kansas Territory would allow or outlaw slavery, and thus enter the Union as a slave state"
"crossed the border for the October territorial election. Despite the victory of the antislavery forces at the ballot box, violence continued along the border of Missouri and Kansas. In several cases, antislavery groups from Kansas, known as Jayhawkers, invaded Missouri and attacked Missouri proslavery settlements in Bates, Barton, Cass, and Vernon counties. Intermittent attacks continued on both sides even after the Civil War. The population of the Mississippi River region served by St Louis increased rapidly to about 4 million people in 1860. With railroads just beginning to be important in the late 1850s, the riverboat traffic dominated the transportation"
"to the growing cotton-growing states of Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Texas. Outspoken opponents of slavery were a small minority in Missouri before the Civil War convinced many people that slavery had to end. Two main groups spoke out against slavery: New Englanders, especially ministers, journalists, and politicians; and German Americans. They were usually based in or near St Louis. Among these opponents was John Clark, an anti-slavery Methodist itinerant preacher who lived in Missouri during its territorial period. Others, such as Presbyterian minister David Nelson, the president of Marion College, spoke against slavery and were forced to leave the state"
"pro-slavery Missourians that the ""Yankee"" ""Mormons"" were abolitionists. Vigilantes in the public and private sector used force to drive individual Saints from Jackson to nearby counties within Missouri; eventually, Latter Day Saints were given until the end of November 6, 1833 to leave the county ""en masse"". On November 23, 1833, the few remaining Mormon residents were ordered to leave Jackson County. By mid-1839, following the Missouri Mormon War, Mormons were driven from the state altogether, not to return to Jackson County or Missouri in significant numbers until 1867. Today several Latter Day Saint movement churches are headquartered in Jackson"
"Later in 1862, John Jarrett, John Brown, Cole Younger, as well as William T. ""Bloody Bill"" Anderson and the James brothers would join Quantrill's army. The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career took place on August 21, 1863. Lawrence had been seen for years as the stronghold of the anti-slavery forces in Kansas and as a base of operation for incursions into Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces. It was also the home of James H. Lane, a senator known in Missouri for his staunch anti-slavery views and also a leader of the Jayhawkers. During the weeks immediately preceding"
"fee. During the Civil War, bands of Union Kansans known as Jayhawkers had raided east into Confederate Missouri. At the war's close, they remained as a force in Kansas. The crossing point for the Texas herds into Kansas/Missouri was at the town of Baxter Springs in the southeast corner of Kansas. And here the Jayhawkers stopped them cold, stealing some herds and generally forcing the rest to stay in the Indian Territory. This was the situation that Story found when he arrived at Baxter Springs. Nelson Story decided to try for Montana and its lucrative market of gold miners in"
"American Civil War, loyalties in this area and in the greater coastal area were divided between Unionists and Confederates. Bands of local ""Jayhawkers,"" also known as bushwhackers, were active in the area. There were numerous Unionists near Sabine Lake and Leesburg (now Cameron). Others were located near the mouth of the Calcasieu and near Grand Chenier, then in Vermilion Parish. The Union Navy had forces at Sabine Lake. The Mermentau Jayhawkers were made up of a band of ""200 mounted draft dodgers, bushwhackers, cattle thieves, runaway slaves, and Confederate deserters from Texas and Louisiana."" They regularly raided federal supply lines"
"Kansas border. The brothers, working with David Rice Atchison, attempted to get residents of Southern states to move to Kansas with their slaves to counter settlements by the anti-slavery Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company. B.F. Stringfellow also issued ""Stringfellow's Exposition,"" which said Missourians could vote in Kansas as it decided whether to enter the Union as a free state or a slave state. Stringfellow's positions as General in the Missouri Militia increased his opinion's clout. The ""New York Tribune"" quoted him in an 1855 speech in St. Joseph, Missouri: On July 2, 1855, he was accused of attacking Kansas Territory Governor"
"""the term 'jayhawk' in the school yell was a verb and the term 'jayhawkers' was the noun."" In 2017, the Kansas football team unveiled uniforms with an American flag on the helmet, blue jerseys, and red pants which featured the words ""Kansas Jay-Hawkers"" above a seal featuring a sword, and a rifle. Kansas Athletics stated that the red pants was an homage to the term ""redlegs"", another name for Jayhawkers. Plunderers and militant abolitionists were referred to as ""Jayhawkers"" or ""Red Legs"" and both were used as terms of derision towards those from Kansas after the Civil War. The term"