'Russell Hybrids' are a type of which common garden flower?
"George Russell (horticulturist) George Russell (1857-1951) was born in Stillington and lived in York, England. He is most notable for his work developing the Russell Hybrid Lupins. A gardner by occupation, he began experimenting with Lupins in his fifties, after being inspired by the sight of a vase of the flowers at the home of one of his employers. Over more than twenty years, he used natural pollination by bumble-bees to develop hybrids with flower spikes that were larger and more colourful than the original Lupinus polyphyllus. He was 79 when he first exhibited at Chelsea, and the Royal Horticultural"
"'Rödhätte'. This hybrid had some characteristics of both of its parental classes, and was denominated a ""Hybrid Polyantha"" or ""Poulsen"" rose. Further and similar introductions followed from Poulsen, these often bearing the family name, e. g., 'Else Poulsen' (1924). Because their hybrid characteristics separated them from polyanthas and hybrid teas, the new class eventually was named ""Floribunda"", Latin for ""many-flowering"". Typical floribundas are stiff shrubs that are smaller and bushier than the average hybrid tea, but less dense and sprawling than the average polyantha. The flowers are often smaller than those of hybrid teas but are produced in large sprays"
"placed in one of three main groups: Wild, Old Garden, and Modern Garden roses. The latter two groups are usually subdivided further according to hybrid lineage, although due to the complex ancestry of most rose hybrids, such distinctions can be imprecise. Growth habit and floral form are also used as means of classification. Wild Roses, also denominated ""Species Roses"", include the natural species and some of their immediate hybrid descendants. The wild roses commonly grown in gardens include ""Rosa moschata"" (""Musk Rose""), ""Rosa banksiae"" (""Lady Banks' Rose""), ""Rosa pimpinellifolia"" (""Scots Rose"" or ""Burnet Rose""), ""Rosa rubiginosa"" (""Sweetbriar"" or ""Eglantine""), and"
"large sprays, giving a better floral effect in the garden. Floribundas are found in all hybrid tea colours and with the classic hybrid tea-shaped blossom, sometimes differing from hybrid teas only in their cluster-flowering habit. Today they are still used in large bedding schemes in public parks and similar spaces. Floribunda (rose) Floribunda (Latin for ""many-flowering"") is a modern group of garden roses that was developed by crossing hybrid teas with polyantha roses, the latter being derived from crosses between ""Rosa chinensis"" and ""Rosa multiflora"" (sometimes called ""R. polyantha""). The idea was to create roses that bloomed with the polyantha"
"line of work in subsequent years, introducing several Hybrid Polyanthas such as 'Else Poulsen' in 1924. Other breeders also began introducing similar varieties, and in 1930 the name ""floribunda"" was coined by Dr. J.N. Nicolas, a rose hybridizer for Jackson & Perkins in the US. This term has been used since then to describe cultivars which in their ancestry have crosses between hybrid teas and polyanthas. Typical floribundas feature stiff shrubs, smaller and bushier than the average hybrid tea but less dense and sprawling than the average polyantha. The flowers are often smaller than hybrid teas but are carried in"
"Pericallis × hybrida Pericallis"" × ""hybrida, known as cineraria, florist's cineraria or common ragwort is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated as a hybrid between ""Pericallis cruenta"" and ""P. lanata"", both natives of the Canary Islands. The hybrid was first developed in the British royal gardens in 1777. It was originally known as ""Cineraria"" × ""hybrida"", but the genus ""Cineraria"" is now restricted to a group of South African species, with the Canary Island species being transferred to the genus ""Pericallis""; some botanists also treat it in a broad view of the large and widespread genus ""Senecio""."
"Hybrid tea rose Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. They were created by cross-breeding two types of roses, initially by hybridising hybrid perpetuals with tea roses. It is the oldest group classified as a ""modern garden rose"". Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between both parents, being hardier than the often quite tender teas (although not as hardy as the hybrid perpetuals), and more inclined to repeat-flowering than the somewhat misleadingly-named hybrid perpetuals (if not quite as ever-blooming as the teas). Hybrid tea flowers are well-formed with large, high-centred buds, supported by long, straight"
"that give a better floral effect in the garden. Floribundas are found in all hybrid tea colours and often with the classic, hybrid tea-shaped blossom. Sometimes they differ from hybrid teas only in their cluster flowered habit. They are still planted in large bedding schemes in public parks and suitable gardens. Examples include 'Anne Harkness', 'Dainty Maid', 'Iceberg', and 'Tuscan Sun'. ""Grandifloras"", Latin for ""large-flowered"", are the class of roses created in the middle of the 20th century as back crosses of hybrid teas and floribundas that fit neither category, specifically, ""Rosa"" 'Queen Elizabeth', which was introduced in 1954. Grandiflora"
"Rehder of the Arnold Arboretum in 1925. Individuals have also been discovered in Oregon. Due to their hybrid nature, they tend to be quite variable, and this had (mis)led authors to describe other species; ×""Amelasorbus raciborskiana"" and ×""Amelasorbus hoseri"", which may or may not be synonyms. × Amelasorbus × ""Amelasorbus"" is a flowering plant in the family Rosaceae. A naturally occurring hybrid, it is the result of a cross between two distinct tree genera, ""Amelanchier"" and ""Sorbus"", and shows phenotypic similarities to both parents. This type of intergeneric hybrid is quite rare, and is indicated by a multiplication symbol before"
"species of the same genus are frequent. Species include: This plant hybridizes easily with species of different genera (intergeneric hybridization). The list below shows some of these intergeneric hybrids (these hybrids are not always recognized by all botanists): Dactylorhiza fuchsii Dactylorhiza fuchsii, the common spotted orchid, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae. ""Dactylorhiza fuchsii"" is one of Europe's commonest wild orchids. It is widespread across much of Europe, with the range extending eastward into Siberia, Mongolia and Xinjiang. The species is also reportedly naturalised in the Canadian Province of Ontario. ""Dactylorhiza fuchsii"" is a herbaceous"
"and lower surfaces and making whitish irregular markings all over. Such affected leaves must be picked off and burned. Aphids are also a major pest. Pericallis × hybrida Pericallis"" × ""hybrida, known as cineraria, florist's cineraria or common ragwort is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It originated as a hybrid between ""Pericallis cruenta"" and ""P. lanata"", both natives of the Canary Islands. The hybrid was first developed in the British royal gardens in 1777. It was originally known as ""Cineraria"" × ""hybrida"", but the genus ""Cineraria"" is now restricted to a group of South African species, with the"
"Floribunda (rose) Floribunda (Latin for ""many-flowering"") is a modern group of garden roses that was developed by crossing hybrid teas with polyantha roses, the latter being derived from crosses between ""Rosa chinensis"" and ""Rosa multiflora"" (sometimes called ""R. polyantha""). The idea was to create roses that bloomed with the polyantha profusion, but with hybrid tea floral beauty and colour range. The first polyantha/hybrid tea cross, 'Rödhätte' ('Red Riding Hood'), was introduced by the Danish breeder Dines Poulsen in 1907. It possessed characteristics of both its parent classes, and was initially called a Hybrid Polyantha or Poulsen rose. Poulsen continued this"
"gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:- Hamamelis × intermedia Hamamelis × intermedia (hybrid witch hazel) is a species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is a hybrid of garden origin between ""H. japonica"" and ""H. mollis"". Its Latin name refers to its intermediate appearance between those two species. It is a deciduous shrub growing to tall and wide, with zig-zagging stems and alternate, simple leaves long, which turn yellow in autumn. The yellow, orange or red flowers with twisted petals appear on bare stems in midwinter through early spring. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many"
"Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill' The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill' is an American hybrid cultivar originally raised by the Rose Hill Nurseries of Kansas City, Missouri, from a selection of ""Ulmus pumila"" (female parent) × ""Ulmus rubra"" seedlings made in 1951. 'Rosehill' was described as slightly slower growing than its sibling 'Willis', but carrying a heavier crown, with good branching and attractive foliage. No information available. The tree was later marketed by the Willis Nursery Co. of Ottawa, Kansas. It is not known whether 'Rosehill' remains in cultivation, or if it was ever introduced to Europe or Australasia."
"Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill' The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × intermedia 'Rosehill' is an American hybrid cultivar originally raised by the Rose Hill Nurseries of Kansas City, Missouri, from a selection of ""Ulmus pumila"" (female parent) × ""Ulmus rubra"" seedlings made in 1951. 'Rosehill' was described as slightly slower growing than its sibling 'Willis', but carrying a heavier crown, with good branching and attractive foliage. No information available. The tree was later marketed by the Willis Nursery Co. of Ottawa, Kansas. It is not known whether 'Rosehill' remains in cultivation, or if it was ever introduced to Europe or Australasia."
"have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Fatshedera lizei × Fatshedera lizei is a hybrid of flowering plants, common name tree ivy or aralia ivy. The hybrid symbol × in front of the name indicates that this is an inter-generic hybrid, a cross between plants from different genera. × ""F. lizei"" was created by crossing ""Fatsia japonica"" 'Moserii' (Moser's Japanese fatsia, the seed parent) and ""Hedera helix"" (common ivy, the pollen parent) at the Lizé Frères tree nursery at Nantes in France in 1912. Its generic name is derived from the names of the two parent genera."
"Narcissus × medioluteus Narcissus"" × ""medioluteus (syn. ""Narcissus biflorus""), common names Primrose-peerless, April beauty, cemetery ladies, loving couples, pale narcissus, twin sisters, two-flowered narcissus, is a flowering plant, which is a naturally occurring hybrid between ""Narcissus poeticus"" and ""Narcissus tazetta"" (informally called ""poetaz hybrid""). It was found initially in the West of France. This first poetaz narcissus has long been grown as a garden ornamental and has also become naturalised in Great Britain, Ireland, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, the former Yugoslavia, Madeira, New Zealand, and in scattered locales in the eastern United States (Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia,"
"garden herbs such as peppermint (""Mentha"" × ""piperita""), and trees such as the London plane (""Platanus"" × ""acerifolia""). Among many natural plant hybrids is ""Iris albicans"", a sterile hybrid that spreads by rhizome division, and ""Oenothera lamarckiana"", a flower that was the subject of important experiments by Hugo de Vries that produced an understanding of polyploidy. Sterility in a non-polyploid hybrid is often a result of chromosome number; if parents are of differing chromosome pair number, the offspring will have an odd number of chromosomes, which leaves them unable to produce chromosomally-balanced gametes. While that is undesirable in a crop"
"Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia). The flowers are generally held in pairs, hence the common names ""Twin Sisters"" and ""Loving Couples"". The fragrant cream flowers (""medioluteus"") are smaller than those of ""Narcissus poeticus"". The cup lacks a red edge. Other poetaz hybrids have several flowers per stem, and some have double flowers. Narcissus × medioluteus Narcissus"" × ""medioluteus (syn. ""Narcissus biflorus""), common names Primrose-peerless, April beauty, cemetery ladies, loving couples, pale narcissus, twin sisters, two-flowered narcissus, is a flowering plant, which is a naturally occurring hybrid between ""Narcissus poeticus"" and ""Narcissus tazetta"" (informally called ""poetaz"
"Its spines and close branching habit render it effectively stock- and human-proof, with some basic maintenance. The traditional practice of hedge laying is most commonly practised with this species. It is a good fire wood which burns with a good heat and little smoke. Numerous hybrids exist, some of which are used as garden shrubs. The most widely used hybrid is ""C. × media"" (""C. monogyna"" × ""C. laevigata""), of which several cultivars are known, including the very popular 'Paul's Scarlet' with dark pink double flowers. Other garden shrubs that have sometimes been suggested as possible hybrids involving the common"
"might be covered in flowers, making a strong colour impact in the landscape. Polyantha roses are still popular and regarded as low-maintenance, disease-resistant, garden roses. The class of roses denominated ""Multiflora Hybrids"" are probably cognizable as polyanthas. Examples include Rosa 'Cécile Brünner', 'The Fairy', 'Pink Fairy', and 'Red Fairy'. Some rose breeders recognized potential in crossing polyanthas with hybrid teas, to create roses that bloomed with the profusion of polyanthas and possessed the floral beauty and breadth of coloration of hybrid teas. In 1907, the Danish breeder Dines Poulsen introduced the first cross of a polyantha and hybrid tea, denominated"
"roses are shrubs that are typically larger than both hybrid teas and floribundas and produce flowers that resemble those of hybrid teas and are borne in small clusters of three to five, similar to floribundas. Grandifloras were somewhat popular from circa 1954 into the 1980s, but today they are much less popular than both hybrid teas and floribundas. Examples include: 'Comanche,' 'Montezuma', and 'Queen Elizabeth'. Dwarf mutations of some Old Garden Roses—gallicas and centifolias—were known in Europe in the 17th century, although these were once-flowering just as their larger forms were. Miniature forms of repeat-flowering China roses were also grown"
"Eremerus × isabellinus Eremurus"" × ""isabellinus is a hybrid of garden origin, derived from the crossing of ""E. stenophyllus"" with ""E. olgae"". The first crossing was made by Sir Michael Foster at Great Shelford, England, at the end of the 19th century, and replicated in France by the Vilmorin nursery at Verrières-le-Buisson in 1902. The name of the hybrid is derived from the isabelline colour of the original F1 hybrid flowers. The genus is often known by the common names foxtail lily and desert candle. ""Eremurus"" × ""isabellinus"" produces stems 1.5 m high terminating in bottlebrush-like inflorescences in June and"
"Veratrum hybridum Veratrum hybridum is a species of flowering plant in the Melanthiaceae known by the common names slender bunchflower and crisped bunchflower. Many publications use the synonyms ""Melanthium latifolium"" and ""Veratrum latifolium"", but the """"hybridum"""" epithet is 9 years older than the ""latifolium,"" so ""Veratrum hybridum"" is now the accepted name. It is native to the eastern United States, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains. This perennial herb grows from a bulb with a network of rhizomes. The stem grows up to 1.6 meters tall. The lance-shaped leaves reach up to 55 centimeters long by 7.2 centimeters wide. The inflorescence"
"been developed, of which 'Park Farm Hybrid' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Viburnum × burkwoodii Viburnum"" × ""burkwoodii (Burkwood viburnum) is a hybrid flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae (formerly Caprifoliaceae). It is a cross of garden origin between ""V. carlesii"" and ""V. utile"", grown for its early, strongly scented flowers. Growing to tall and broad, ""V."" × ""burkwoodii"" is a deciduous shrub with glossy, dark green oval leaves on well-branching, stiff stems. The sweetly scented flowers are pinkish white, borne in spring, and followed later in the season by red fruits ripening to black."
"repertoire of the cottage garden, and, more recently, hybrid ""English"" roses introduced by David Austin. Many of the old roses had cultivars that grew very long canes, which could be tied to trellises or against walls. These older varieties are called ""ramblers"", rather than ""climbers"". Climbing plants in the traditional cottage garden included European honeysuckle (""Lonicera periclymenum"") and Traveller's Joy (""Clematis vitalba""). The modern cottage garden includes many Clematis hybrids that have the old appeal, with sparse foliage that allows them to grow through roses and trees, and along fences and arbors. There are also many Clematis species used in"
"are often used interchangeably in the nursery trade. Several natural or horticultural hybrids also exist, and many ""A. arborea"" and ""A. canadensis"" plants that are offered for sale are actually hybrids, or entirely different species. ""A"". × ""grandiflora"" is another hybrid of garden origin, between ""A. arborea"" and ""A. laevis"". The cultivar 'La Paloma' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. A taxon called ""Amelanchier lamarckii"" (or ""A."" x ""lamarckii"") is very widely cultivated and naturalized in Europe, where it was introduced in the 17th century. It is apomictic, breeding true from seed, and probably of hybrid"
"very cold winters (below −25 °C). This, combined with their tendency to be stiffly upright, sparsely foliaged and often not resistant to diseases, has led to a decline in hybrid tea popularity among gardeners and landscapers in favor of lower-maintenance ""landscape"" roses. The hybrid tea remains the standard rose of the floral industry, however, and is still favored in small gardens in formal situations. This is usually done by budding, a technique that involves grafting buds from a parent plant onto strongly growing rootstocks. One such rootstock is ""R. multiflora"". Hybrid tea cultivars bred in continental areas (e.g. Canada) tend"
"junonia"" and ""I. reichenbachii"", which flower as early as February and March in the Northern Hemisphere, followed by the dwarf forms of ""I. pumila"", and then by most of the tall bearded varieties, such as the German iris and its variety ""florentina"", sweet iris, Hungarian iris, lemon-yellow iris (""I. flavescens""), ""Iris sambucina"", ""I. amoena"", and their natural and horticultural hybrids such as those described under names like ""I. neglecta"" or ""I. squalens"" and best united under ""I. × lurida"". Bearded iris are classified as dwarf, tall, or aril. In Europe, the most commonly found garden iris is a hybrid iris"
"and sparsely foliaged, which today is often seen as a liability because it makes them more difficult to place in the garden or landscape. Hybrid teas became the single most popular garden rose of the 20th century; today, their reputation as high maintenance plants has led to a decline in popularity. The hybrid tea remains the standard rose of the floral industry, however, and is still favoured in formal situations. Examples: 'Peace' (yellow), 'Garden Party' (white), 'Mister Lincoln' (red) and 'Double Delight' (bi-colour cream and red). The French breeder Joseph Pernet-Ducher initiated the first class of roses to include genes"
"planting apart. It can become invasive. The species use in traditional gardens has generally been superseded by cultivars with specific 'improved' qualities. Some are used as drought tolerant lawn replacements, with periodic mowing. The many different ornamental cultivars include: 'Paprika', 'Cerise Queen', 'Red Beauty', 'Red Velvet', 'Saucy Seduction', 'Strawberry Seduction' (red), 'Island Pink' (pink), and 'Calistoga' (white), and 'Sonoma Coast' (white). Several, including 'Kelwayi', and 'Lansdorferglut' (both pink) have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The many hybrids of this species designated ""Achillea"" x ""taygetea"" are useful garden subjects, including: 'Appleblossom', 'Fanal', 'Hoffnung', and 'Moonshine'. Its essential"
"horizontal in the jointed rush. Two hybrids or subspecies of sharp-flowered rush are known – ""Juncus acutiflorus"" subsp. ""acutiflorus"" (also called ""Juncus acutiflorus"" t.infr. ""effusus"" and ""Juncus acutiflorus"" var. ""exoletus"") and ""Juncus acutiflorus"" ssp. ""rugosus"". They are formed by the hybridization of sharp-flowered rush and the smaller-sized jointed rush. Juncus acutiflorus Juncus acutiflorus, also called sharp-flowered rush, is a rush or a grassy plant of the genus ""Juncus"". As the name suggests, the plant has notable sharp-looking flowers, flowering between July and September. The plant has leaves shaped round or elliptical in cross-section, with darker horizontal lines visible against the"
"repeatedly from spring to fall. Most Old Garden Roses are classified into one of the following groups. Literally ""white roses"", derived from ""R. arvensis"" and the closely allied ""R."" × ""alba"". The latter species is a hybrid of ""R. gallica"" and ""R. canina"". This group contains some of the oldest garden roses. The shrubs flower once yearly in the spring or early summer with scented blossoms of white or pale pink. They frequently have gray-green foliage and a vigorous or climbing habit of growth. Examples are 'Alba Semiplena', 'White Rose of York'. The Gallica, Gallica Hybrid, or Rose of Provins"