During WWII, troops stationed in New Guinea were warned to steer clear of what bird that was also listed by the 2007 edition of the Guinness Book as the world's most dangerous?
"as food. They are the only indigenous Australasian animal known to have been partly domesticated by people prior to European arrival. Cassowaries have a reputation in folklore for being dangerous to people and domestic animals. During World War II American and Australian troops stationed in New Guinea were warned to steer clear of them. In his book ""Living Birds of the World"" from 1958, ornithologist Ernest Thomas Gilliard wrote: The inner or second of the three toes is fitted with a long, straight, murderous nail which can sever an arm or eviscerate an abdomen with ease. There are many records"
"ranging from mats, stick towers, avenued chambers to tipi-roofed huts and displays it to the females. Another odd avifauna from New Guinea is the poisonous birds, notably the hooded pitohui. In 1989, scientists discovered that the hooded pitohui is poisonous. Later, they learned that the feathers and other organs of the pitohui were found to contain batrachotoxin. Since then, six other songbirds in New Guinea have been found to possess the same toxin in varying amounts. New Guinea's top predator is the New Guinea harpy eagle (""Harpyopsis novaeguineae""). New Guinea shares with the Philippines and New Zealand the distinction of"
"(New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion. From the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries, the Spanish introduced pigs, dogs, chickens, the Philippine deer (""Rusa mariannus""), black francolins, and carabao (a subspecies of water buffalo), which have cultural significance. Herds of carabao obstruct military base operations and harm native ecosystems. After birth control and adoption efforts were ineffective, the U.S. military began culling the herds in 2002 leading to organized protests from island residents. Other introduced species include cane toads introduced in 1937, the giant African snail (an agricultural pest introduced during World War II by Japanese occupation troops) and"
"However, in 2000, it was warranted a vulnerable status due to its small population numbering less than 5,000, which is probably decreasing due to habitat loss. It is a rare species. It has been recorded in the Poikili and the Garu Wildlife Protection Areas. New Britain bronzewing The New Britain bronzewing (""Henicophaps foersteri"") is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea. In 1988, it was rated as a near threatened species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Endangered Species. However, in 2000, it was warranted a vulnerable"
"yellow. This enigmatic bird is one of only a few birds known to have poisonous members, the others being the little shrikethrush (""Colluricincla""), and several members of the ""Pitohui,"" also from New Guinea. It, like the hooded pitohui, sequesters batrachotoxin in its skin and feathers, which causes numbness and tingling to those who handle the bird. The toxin is acquired from part of its diet, specifically ""Choresine"" spp. beetles. They are found on New Guinea. The blue-capped ifrit is evaluated as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Blue-capped ifrit The blue-capped ifrit (""Ifrita kowaldi""), also known"
"one of these sub-populations is located in the reserve. 3 amphibian species, 9 reptile species, 32 mammal species and 179 bird species have been recorded in the reserve since the late 1970s. 16 animal species known to exist in the reserve are listed under the . All are listed as vulnerable. They are the gang-gang cockatoo (""Callocephalon fimbriatum""), turquoise parrot (""Neophema pulchella""), superb parrot (""Polytelis swainsonii""), barking owl (""Ninox connivens""), powerful owl (""Ninox strenua""), brown treecreeper (""Climacteris picumnus""), speckled warbler (""Pyrrholaemus sagittatus""), black-chinned honeyeater (""Melithreptus gularis"" ssp. ""gularis""), hooded robin (""Melanodryas cucullata""), grey-crowned babbler (""Pomatostomus temporalis"" ssp. ""temporalis""), olive whistler"
"1300 in 1989. It had recovered to about 1700 individuals by 2004 but only as a result of intensive management. The IUCN rates this bird as ""Endangered"". New Zealand plover The New Zealand plover, red-breasted plover, or New Zealand dotterel (""Charadrius obscurus"") is an endangered species found only in certain areas of New Zealand. Its Māori names include tūturiwhatu, pukunui, and kūkuruatu. There are two subspecies, ""C. o. obscurus"" in the South Island and ""C. o. aquilonius"" in the North Island. A 2015 study found its closest relatives to be other plovers found in New Zealand, the nearest the wrybill"
"petrel (""Pterodroma incerta""), Egyptian vulture (""Neophron percnopterus"") and saker falcon (""Falco cherrug""). The near-threatened bird species are: The ferruginous duck (""Aythya nyroca""), lesser flamingo (""Phoenicopterus minor""), Jouanin's petrel (""Bulweria fallax""), white-backed vulture (""Gyps africanus""), pallid harrier, (""Circus macrourus""), pallid harrier (""Circus macrourus""), Rueppell's griffon (""Gyps rueppellii""), red-footed falcon (""Falco vespertinus""), sooty falcon (""Falco concolor""), corn crake (""Crex crex""), Eurasian curlew (""Numenius arquata""), black-tailed godwit (""Limosa limosa""), white-eyed gull (""Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus"") and European roller (""Coracias garrulus"") The vulnerable bird species reported are: The Socotra cormorant (""Phalacrocorax nigrogularis""), white-headed vulture (""Trigonoceps occipitalis""), Beaudouin's snake-eagle (""Circaetus beaudouini""), greater spotted eagle (""Clanga clanga""), imperial"
"around the world), the New Guinea harpy eagle is essentially a mountain bird that nests in high forest trees, but may be found down to sea level in the few places where forests remain undisturbed. Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size, and hunting for its feathers which are used on ceremonial occasions, the Papuan eagle is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. Papuan eagle The Papuan eagle (""Harpyopsis novaeguineae"") also known as the Papuan harpy eagle, New Guinea eagle, or Kapul eagle, is a large"
"populations, particularly geese and gulls in the United States. In parts of the US, Canada geese and migratory snow geese populations have risen significantly while feral Canada geese and greylag geese have increased in parts of Europe, increasing the risk of these large birds to aircraft. In other parts of the world, large birds of prey such as ""Gyps"" vultures and ""Milvus"" kites are often involved. In the US, reported strikes are mainly from waterfowl (30%), gulls (22%), raptors (20%), and pigeons and doves (7%). The Smithsonian Institution's Feather Identification Laboratory has identified turkey vultures as the most damaging birds,"
"reported to be more than 20,000. The key list of birds reported by BirdLife International is: garganey (""Anas querquedula""), great white pelican (""Pelecanus onocrotalus""), fox kestrel (""Falco alopex""), pallid harrier (""Circus macrourus""), Savile's bustard (""Eupodotis savilei""), black crowned-crane (""Balearica pavonina""), African collared-dove (""Streptopelia roseogrisea""), Senegal parrot (""Poicephalus senegalus""), red-throated bee-eater (""Merops bulocki""), Sahelian woodpecker (""Dendropicos elachus""), piapiac (""Ptilostomus afer""), Sennar penduline-tit (""Anthoscopus punctifrons""), red-pate cisticola (""Cisticola ruficeps""), river prinia (""Prinia fluviatilis""), Senegal eremomela (""Eremomela pusilla""), purple glossy-starling (""Lamprotornis purpureus""), chestnut-bellied starling (""Lamprotornis pulcher""), black scrub-robin (""Cercotrichas podobe""), chestnut-crowned sparrow-weaver (""Plocepasser superciliosus""), Sudan golden sparrow (""Passer luteus""), bush petronia (""Petronia dentata""),"
"action altogether by acting as competitive antagonists. Batrachotoxin has been found in the four Papuan beetle species ""C. pulchra"", ""C. semiopaca"", ""C. rugiceps"" and ""C. sp. A"", which are all in the genus ""Choresine"" in the family Melyridae. Several species of bird endemic to New Guinea have the toxin in their skin and on their feathers: the Blue-capped ifrit (Ifrita kowaldi), Little shrikethrush (aka rufous shrike-thrush, Colluricincla megarhyncha), and the following Pitohui species: the Hooded pitohui (""Pitohui dichrous"", which is the most toxic of the birds), Crested pitohui (""Ornorectes cristatus""), Black pitohui (""Melanorectes nigrescens""), Rusty pitohui (""Pseudorectes ferrugineus""), and Variable"
"sharing colouration, so an encounter with either species trains a predator to avoid both. Due to their toxicity, Papua New Guineans call the pitohuis rubbish birds as they are not good for eating; in desperate times, though, they can be consumed but only after the feathers and skin are removed and the flesh is coated in charcoal and then roasted. (Piper, 2007) Pitohui The pitohuis are bird species endemic to New Guinea. The onomatopoeic name is thought to be derived from that used by New Guineans from near Dorey (Manokwari) but it is also used as the name of a"
"worms, snakes and are known to take goldfish out of garden ponds. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classed the laughing kookaburra as a species of least concern as it has a huge range and large population, with no widespread threats. The laughing kookaburra was first described and illustrated (in black and white) by the French naturalist and explorer Pierre Sonnerat in his ""Voyage à la nouvelle Guinée"" which was published in 1776. He claimed to have seen the bird in New Guinea. In fact Sonnerat never visited New Guinea and the laughing kookaburra does not occur"
"remarkable, rarest, and exotic animals on earth. Birds-of-paradise, locally known as ""cendrawasih"", are plumed birds that can be found among other fauna in Papua New Guinea. The largest bird in Papua is the flightless cassowary. One species of lizard, the Komodo dragon can easily be found on Komodo, located in the Nusa Tenggara lesser islands region. Besides Komodo island, this endangered species can also be found on the islands of Rinca, Padar and Flores. Hiking and camping in the mountains are popular adventure activities. Some mountains contain ridge rivers, offering rafting activity. Though volcanic mountains can be dangerous, they have"
"Hooded pitohui The hooded pitohui (""Pitohui dichrous"") is a species of bird in the genus ""Pitohui"" found in New Guinea. The species was long thought to be a whistler (Pachycephalidae) but is now known to be in the Old World oriole family (Oriolidae). Within the oriole family this species is most closely related to the variable pitohuis in the genus ""Pitohui"", and then the figbirds. A medium-sized songbird with rich chestnut and black plumage, this species is one of the few known poisonous birds, containing a range of batrachotoxin compounds in its skin, feathers and other tissues. These toxins are"
"having a bird as top predator. Most seabirds native to New Guinea are found throughout the tropics. Although some species are hunted for meat, valuable plumes and feathers, or for the pet trade, the main threats to most species come from logging and conversion of forest for agriculture, both of which degrade or eliminate important habitat. The amphibians of New Guinea consist of a highly diverse group of species, with over 320 described species, and many species still to be described. The amphibians of New Guinea, like most Gondwanan continents, are restricted to those of the order Anura, known as"
"Swamp Ghost The Swamp Ghost is a Boeing B-17E Flying Fortress piloted by Captain Frederick 'Fred' C. Eaton, Jr, that ditched in a swamp on Papua New Guinea during the Second World War, after a raid on ships at Japanese-occupied New Britain on February 23, 1942. While flying over Rabaul, it was intercepted and eventually, having run out of fuel, had to force-land in a remote swamp near the north coast of New Guinea. All of the crew survived the crash landing and arduous trek out. The aircraft was rediscovered in 1972 in Agaiambo swamp, where it earned the nickname"
"The New Guinea singing dogs live in the remote mountains, above human habitation level, and are the largest land predator. Many murid species have been introduced to New Guinea. These include: the Polynesian rat (""Rattus exulans""), the Himalayan field rat (""Rattus nitidus""), the black rat (""Rattus rattus""), the rice field rat (""Rattus argentiventer""), the brown rat (""Rattus norvegicus"") and the house mouse (""Mus musculus""). Most of these have not caused much damage, and most have only established in human settlements. ""R. nitidus"" and ""R. argentiventer"" have very limited distributions on the island. The house mouse is the most widespread of"
"with average temperatures, relative humidity and total rainfall. Globally threatened avian species listed on the IUCN Red List include: Baer’s Pochard (""Aythya baeri""), classified as Critically Endangered and may be extirpated from the Thale Noi area and from Thailand, however data is lacking on this species; the Masked Finfoot (""Heliopais personata"") is Endangered; the Lesser Adjutant Stork (""Leptoptilos javanicus"") is Vulnerable, although it was once the most abundant species of stalk but now may also be extirpated from Thailand due to no recent documented sightings; and the Spot-billed Pelican (""Pelecanus philippensis"") is classified as Near Threatened. These species have all"
"been listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List: Manus fantail (""Rhipidura semirubra""), Superb pitta (""Pitta superba"") and Manus masked owl (""Tyto manusi""). Three other birds are endemic to Admiralty Islands but are classified as non-threatened or least concern: white-naped friarbird (""Philemon albitorques""), Manus monarch (""Monarcha infelix"") and Manus hawk owl (""Ninox meeki""). Birds found mainly but not exclusively on the Admiralty Islands include Melanesian megapode (""Megapodius eremita""), yellow-bibbed fruit-dove (""Ptilinopus solomonensis""), yellowish imperial-pigeon (""Ducula subflavescens""), pied cuckoo-dove (""Reinwardtoena browni""), Meek's pygmy parrot (""Micropsitta meeki""), black-headed white-eye (""Zosterops hypoxanthus"") and ebony myzomela (""Myzomela pammelaena""). Mammals found only here or on"
"of paradise, New Guinea crocodile, and saltwater crocodile. Wasur National Park is the habitat for a number of rare and endemic species. Red-listed species known to be present in viable populations are southern crowned pigeon and New Guinea harpy eagle, dusky pademelon, black-necked stork, Fly River grassbird and little curlew. Three trans-Fly endemic bird species have been recorded, including the Fly River grassbird and the grey-crowned munia. The introduction of the rusa deer to Papua by the Dutch at Merauke in 1928, led to an extensive spread of this species to most of the southern coastlands of the island. According"
"in the sanctuary revealed 105 species, including migratory birds. The list includes: four near threatened category birds comprising grey jungle fowl (""Gallus sonneratii""), white-bellied minivet (""Pericrocotus erythropygus""), Indian black ibis (""Pseudibis papillosa"") and painted stork (""Mycturia leucocephala""); the vulnerable category (as per IUCN Red List) are white-winged black tit (""Parus nuchalis""), Asian openbill (""Anastomus oscitans""), Indian white-rumped vulture (""Gyps Bengalensis""), Indian vulture (""Gyps indicus""), red-headed vulture (""Sarcogyps calvus"") and red-necked falcon (""Falco chicquera""). 20 species of mammalian fauna have been identified. Of these Indian pangolin (""Manis crassicaudata"") and sloth bear (""Melursus ursinus"") are near threatened and vulnerable respectively. Sloth bear"
"bird species include black-fronted piping guan (""Pipile jacutinga"") , solitary tinamou (""Tinamus solitarius""), white-necked hawk (""Buteogallus lacernulatus"") and black-and-white hawk-eagle (""Spizaetus melanoleucus""). The ""Penelope"", Tinamou, neotropical bellbird, black hawk-eagle (""Spizaetus tyrannus"") and red-browed amazon (""Amazona rhodocorytha"") are now only found in protected areas. Mammals include maned sloth (""Bradypus torquatus""), cougar (""Puma concolor""), coati, lowland paca (""Cuniculus paca""), howler monkeys, nine-banded armadillo (""Dasypus novemcinctus""), tayra (""Eira barbara""), collared peccary (""Pecari tajacu""), white-lipped peccary (""Tayassu pecari""), titis, brown four-eyed opossum (""Metachirus nudicaudatus""), Robust capuchin monkeys, ""furão"" (""Mustelidae"" species) and crab-eating raccoon (""Procyon cancrivorus""). In July 1999 the highly endangered muriqui was observed,"
"the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. He was flying a Lockheed P-38F-4 on a photo reconnaissance mission on June 5, 1943, over the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, when his plane was attacked by a Japanese Ki-45 Nick fighter. Despite his injuries and jammed canopy, he was able to parachute to safety. For the next month he fought to survive in the jungle. He was found by members of the Nakanai tribe after 31 days. They sheltered him for five months in the village of Ea Ea, risking their lives to protect him from being"
"New Zealand Air Force's aerobatic team is called the Black Falcons. The proverb ""Me te kopae kārearea"" or ""like the nest of kārearea"" means 'rarely seen.' New Zealand falcon The New Zealand falcon or kārearea in Māori (""Falco novaeseelandiae"") is New Zealand's only falcon. Other common names for the bird are bush hawk and sparrow hawk. It is frequently mistaken for the larger and more common swamp harrier. It is the country’s most threatened bird of prey, with only around 3000–5000 breeding pairs remaining. A member of the bird family Falconidae, the New Zealand falcon is mainly found in heavy"
"to hunting and habitat fragmentation include crested guan (""Penelope purpurascens""), great curassow (""Crax rubra""), great green macaw (""Ara ambiguus""), great tinamou (""Tinamus major"") and harpy eagle (""Harpia harpyja""). Endangered birds include banded ground cuckoo (""Neomorphus radiolosus""), Baudo guan (""Penelope ortoni""), Esmeraldas woodstar (""Chaetocercus berlepschi""), great green macaw (""Ara ambiguus""), grey-backed hawk (""Pseudastur occidentalis""), grey-cheeked parakeet (""Brotogeris pyrrhoptera""), rufous-brown solitaire (""Cichlopsis leucogenys"") and slaty becard (""Pachyramphus spodiurus""). Endangered amphibians include Rio Pescado stubfoot toad (""Atelopus balios""), elegant stubfoot toad (""Atelopus elegans""), phantasmal poison frog (""Epipedobates tricolor""), horned marsupial frog (""Gastrotheca cornuta""), Pichincha rocket frog (""Hyloxalus toachi""), ""Pristimantis colomai"", Spring robber frog"
"have been no records since its discovery in 1959, recent evidence suggests the habitat destruction in the Bismarck Archipelago presents a greater risk than previously believed, leading to the Bismarck thicketbird being listed as a Vulnerable in the 2008 redlist. It used to be considered conspecific with the Melanesian thicketbird and the Bougainville thicketbird. New Britain thicketbird The New Britain thicketbird or Bismarck thicketbird (""Cincloramphus grosvenori"") is a bird species. It used to be placed in the ""Old World warbler"" family Sylviidae, but it does not seem to be a close relative of the typical warblers; probably it belongs in"
"the 1980s and then to 13 in 1997 when a full-fledged search was conducted. Now the most endangered cetacean in the world, according to the ""Guinness Book of World Records"", the baiji was last sighted in August 2004, though there was a possible sighting in 2007. It is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. government under the Endangered Species Act. It is now thought to be extinct. The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has noted the following as threats to the species: a period of hunting by humans during the Great Leap Forward, entanglement in fishing gear, the illegal"
"assessments were found to be correct, and it is once again listed as a Vulnerable species in the 2008 redlist. Golden masked owl The golden masked owl (""Tyto aurantia"") is a barn owl endemic to the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. It is also known as New Britain barn owl, New Britain masked owl, Bismarck owl and Bismarck masked owl. As with other tropical barn owls, it is difficult to spot in the wild and therefore poorly studied. It is likely to be a lowland forest or coniferous species. Given the paucity of reliable information, it was for"
"New Zealand falcon The New Zealand falcon or kārearea in Māori (""Falco novaeseelandiae"") is New Zealand's only falcon. Other common names for the bird are bush hawk and sparrow hawk. It is frequently mistaken for the larger and more common swamp harrier. It is the country’s most threatened bird of prey, with only around 3000–5000 breeding pairs remaining. A member of the bird family Falconidae, the New Zealand falcon is mainly found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the South Island, and is rarely seen north of a line through the central area of the North Island."
"United States, which have been declining in recent years. This bird may also be sensitive to the use of pesticides on farms; they are also frequently shot. Threats to the overall population include: The ferruginous hawk was on the National Audubon Society's ""Blue List"" of species felt to be declining. From 1971 to 1981 it retained its ""blue"" status, and from 1982 to 1986 it was listed as a species of ""Special Concern."" The United States Fish and Wildlife Service placed it in a category of ""undetermined"" in 1973, and various states have placed it in categories of ""Threatened"" or"
"and bandicoots, ground-dwelling lizards such as skinks, and snakes, such as the New Guinea ground boa ""Candoia aspera"". It is also cannibalistic. ""M. ikaheca"" is considered a dangerous species, having been implicated in numerous fatal bites on humans. The first proven human fatality occurred in 1958 in Wau, Papua New Guinea, where a young man died 36 hours after being bitten on the base of the thumb while handling the snake. Another envenomation occurred when a villager reportedly killed a specimen, but was then bitten on the left thumb by the ""dead"" snake when showing it to his neighbors (this"