Equivalent to English counties or French departements, Voivodships (pronounced VOY-VOD-SHIPS) are the top level administrative subdivisions or provinces of which country, an EU member since 2004?
"Bishopric of Dorpat and Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek. The name of Rävala became Reval, replacing the name of an Estonian town Lindanisse, later Tallinn. Ugandi, Sakala and the smaller elderships disappeared from common usage. In the 1580s, after the Livonian war as Sweden had conquered Northern Estonia, Harju, Järva, Lääne and Viru counties were officially formed there. Southern Estonia, which belonged to Poland 1582-1625, was divided into voivodships of Pärnu and Tartu; the island of Saaremaa belonged to Denmark until 1645. They all became counties as they went under Swedish rule. This administrative system mostly remained as Estonia went under Russian"
"Voivodeships of Poland A województwo (; plural: ""województwa"") is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a ""province"" in many other countries. The term """"województwo"""" has been in use since the 14th century, and is commonly translated in English as ""province"". ""Województwo"" is also rendered in English by ""voivodeship"" () or a variant spelling. The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January 1999, created sixteen new voivodeships. These replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975, and bear greater resemblance (in territory but not in name) to the"
"in the sense of ""the office or dignity of a voivode."" Poland's Commission on Standardization of Geographic Names outside the Republic of Poland, recommends the spelling ""voivodship"", without the ""e"". Voivodeships of Poland A województwo (; plural: ""województwa"") is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a ""province"" in many other countries. The term """"województwo"""" has been in use since the 14th century, and is commonly translated in English as ""province"". ""Województwo"" is also rendered in English by ""voivodeship"" () or a variant spelling. The Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into effect on 1 January"
"Voivodeship A voivodeship is the area administered by a voivode (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia and Serbia. The administrative level of area (territory) of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode was equivalent to that of a duke. Other roughly equivalent titles and areas in medieval Eastern Europe included ban (bojan, vojin or bayan) and banate. In a modern context, the word normally refers to one of the provinces ""(województwa)"" of Poland. Poland"
"the word ""voivodeship"" (other spellings are ""voievodship"" and ""voivodship"") appears in English dictionaries such as the OED and Webster's, it is not in common general usage, and voivodeships in Poland and elsewhere are frequently referred to as ""provinces"". Depending on context, historic voivodeships may also be referred to as ""duchies"", ""palatinates"" (the Latin word """"palatinatus"""" was used for a voivodeship in Poland), ""administrative districts"" or ""regions"". Since 1999, Poland has been divided into the following 16 voivodeships or provinces (for more information see Administrative divisions of Poland and Voivodeships of Poland): In the territory of modern Romania and Moldova, the"
"Communes of France The () is a level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipalities in the United States and Canada, ""Gemeinden"" in Germany or ""comuni"" in Italy. The United Kingdom has no exact equivalent, as communes resemble districts in urban areas, but are closer to parishes in rural areas where districts are much larger. Communes are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. The communes are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France."
"Auvergne Auvergne (; ; / ) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It comprises four departments: Allier, Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal and Haute-Loire. The administrative region of Auvergne is larger than the historical province of Auvergne, one of the seven counties of Occitania, and includes provinces and areas that historically were not part of Auvergne. The Auvergne region is composed of the following old provinces: Velay, Gévaudan, and Vivarais are often considered to be sub-provinces of the old province of Languedoc. Forez is also often considered to be a"
"territories"". For a full discussion, see administrative divisions of France. Since 1982, following the French government's policy of decentralisation, overseas departments have elected regional councils with powers similar to those of the regions of metropolitan France. As a result of a constitutional revision which occurred in 2003, these regions are now to be called overseas regions.) These overseas departments have the same political status as metropolitan departments and are integral parts of France, (similar to the way in which Hawaii is a state and an integral part of the United States), yet they also have specific cultural and linguistic traditions"
"Overseas collectivity The French overseas collectivities ( or ""COM""), like the French regions, are first-order administrative divisions of France, but have a semi-autonomous status. The COMs include some former French overseas colonies and other French overseas entities with a particular status, all of which became COMs by constitutional reform on 28 March 2003. The COMs should not be confused with the overseas regions and overseas departments, which have the same status as Mainland France but are just located outside Europe. As integral parts of France, overseas collectivities are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council. Only"
"or may not relate to identical geographical areas. In the Netherlands an ""arrondissement"" is a judicial jurisdiction, comprising a number of communes. Subdivisions of the canton of Bern include districts since 2010, which are called ""arrondissements administratifs"" in French. In some post-Soviet states, there are cities that are divided into municipal raioni similarly to how some French cities are divided into municipal arrondissements (see e.g. Raions of cities in Ukraine, Municipal divisions of Russia, Administrative divisions of Minsk). Most nations in Africa who have been colonised by the French have retained the arrondissement administrative structure. These are normally subunits of"
"March 2009, the former overseas colectivity of Mayotte became an overseas department on 31 March 2011. Overseas department and region The overseas departments and regions of France ( or ""DROM"") are departments of France which are outside metropolitan France, the European part of France. They have nearly the same political status as metropolitan departments, although special constitutional provisions allow them greater autonomy and they are excluded from certain domestic statistics, such as the unemployment rate. As integral parts of France and the European Union, overseas departments are represented in the National Assembly, Senate, and Economic and Social Council, vote to"
"the Voivodeship of Ahtum (11th centuries). For more information about the divisions of Polish lands in particular periods, see Administrative divisions of Poland (""Historical""). Voivodeships in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795): Voivodeships of Poland, 1921–1939: Voivodeships of Poland, 1945–1975: Voivodeships of Poland, 1975–1998: Voivodeship A voivodeship is the area administered by a voivode (Governor) in several countries of central and eastern Europe. Voivodeships have existed since medieval times in Bulgaria, Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Russia and Serbia. The administrative level of area (territory) of voivodeship resembles that of a duchy in western medieval states, much as the title of voivode"
"and became statistical zones. French districts were the first subdivision of the départements from the 4 March 1790 to the ""28 pluviôse an VIII"" (17 February 1800). Then, in the 20th century, districts were a type of intercommunity, they've been replaced by ""communauté de communes"" and ""communautés d'agglomération"" after 1999. 175 districts were established on January 1, 2013. The existing 19 counties are subdivided into 6 - 18 districts per county. The capital city of Budapest does not belong to any counties and is already divided to 23 districts. India's districts (; Bengali (জেলা); Gujarati (જિલ્લો); or ; Kannada: ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"
"second-tier Polish or Polish–Lithuanian administrative unit, derives from """"wojewoda"""" (etymologically, a ""warlord"", ""war leader"" or ""leader of warriors"", but now simply the governor of a ""województwo"") and the suffix """"-ztwo"""" (a ""state or condition""). The English ""voivodeship"", which is a hybrid of the loanword ""voivode"" and ""-ship"" (the latter a suffix that calques the Polish suffix """"-ztwo""""), has never been much used and is absent from many dictionaries. According to the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", it first appeared in 1792, spelled ""woiwodship"", in the sense of ""the district or province governed by a voivode."" The word subsequently appeared in 1886 also"
"Arrondissement An arrondissement (; ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, and the Netherlands. The 101 French departments are divided into 342 ""arrondissements"", which may be roughly translated into English as districts. The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture. When an arrondissement contains the prefecture (capital) of the department, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture. Arrondissements are further divided into cantons and communes. A municipal arrondissement (, pronounced ), is a subdivision of the commune, used in the three"
"Departments of France In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government below the national level (""territorial collectivities""), between the administrative regions and the commune. Ninety-six departments are in metropolitan France, and five are overseas departments, which are also classified as regions. Departments are further subdivided into 334 arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons; the last two have no autonomy, and are used for the organisation of police, fire departments, and sometimes, elections. Each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council (""conseil départemental"" (sing.), ""conseils départementaux"" (plur.)). From"
"Cherbourg, Le Havre, Narbonne, Reims, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Malo, Saint-Omer, Sedan, Vichy. Examples: Examples: A ""sous-préfecture"" is an administrative subdivision of a department in Ivory Coast. Examples: Anyama Subprefecture, Bingerville Subprefecture, Brofodoumé Subprefecture, Songon Subprefecture Some Japanese prefectures have branch offices called 支庁 (shichō) in Japanese, which are translated in English as ""subprefectures"", ""branch offices"", or ""branches of the prefectural government"". See details in Subprefectures of Japan and an example of Kushiro Subprefecture. Subprefecture Subprefecture is an administrative division of a country that is below prefecture or province. There are twelve Albanian counties or prefectures, each of which is subdivided into several"
"Voivodeship to more than for Masovian Voivodeship. Administrative authority at voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed voivode (governor), an elected regional assembly (""sejmik"") and an executive elected by that assembly. The voivodeships are subdivided into ""powiats"" (often referred to in English as counties), and these are further divided into ""gminas"" (also known as communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both ""gmina"" and ""powiat"". Poland has 16 voivodeships, 379 powiats (including 65 cities with ""powiat"" status), and 2,478 ""gminas"". Within Poland's modern borders are the following historic regions: Linguistically, Poland may be placed in Eastern Europe"
"or province, and is further subdivided into gminas.) The term is often translated into English as ""county"" (or sometimes ""district""). Romania is divided into 41 jurisdictions. A jurisdiction is called a ""județ"". The Romanian word for county, comitat, is not currently used for any Romanian administrative divisions. The Swedish division into counties was established in 1634, and was based on an earlier division into Provinces. Sweden is today divided into 21 counties. At the county level there is a county administrative board led by a governor appointed by the central government of Sweden, as well as an elected county council"
"województwa""). Voivodeships are further divided into powiats (counties) and gminas (communes or municipalities): see Administrative divisions of Poland. This is a list of Polish voivodeships by gross regional product (GRP) per capita, based on purchasing power standards (PPS) and shown in euros. Statistics shown are for 2016 levels. This is a list of Polish voivodeships by Nominal gross regional product (GRP) shown in billion euros. Statistics shown are for 2016 levels. Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal. In most cases these institutions are all based in one"
"Administrative divisions of Poland The administrative division of Poland since 1999 has been based on three levels of subdivision. The territory of Poland is divided into ""voivodeships"" (provinces); these are further divided into ""powiats"" (counties or districts), and these in turn are divided into ""gminas"" (communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat. Poland currently has 16 voivodeships, 380 powiats (including 66 cities with powiat status), and 2,478 gminas. The current system was introduced pursuant to a series of acts passed by the Polish parliament in 1998, and came into effect on 1 January"
"Languedoc-Roussillon Languedoc-Roussillon (; ; ) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Occitanie. It comprises five departments, and borders the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées on the one side, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea on the other side. It is the southernmost region of mainland France. The first part of the name of the province of Languedoc-Roussillon comes from the French ""langue d'oc"" (""language of ""oc""""). In southern France, the word for ""yes"" was the Occitan language word ""oc"". Prior to the 16th"
"4000 m. The only three sizable towns are Gap, Briançon, and Embrun, which was the subprefecture until 1926. The third highest commune in all of Europe is the village of Saint-Véran. Gap and Briançon are the highest prefecture and subprefecture in France. The following rivers flow through the department: The Durance has been dammed to create one of the largest artificial lakes in Western Europe: the Lac de Serre-Ponçon. The Queyras valley is located in the eastern part of the department and is noted by many as being an area of outstanding beauty. The inhabitants of the department are called"
"okręg. These obwody were later replaced by powiats, and the okręgi by voivodeships. Obwód Obwód (plural ""obwody"") is a term used in Polish to denote administrative districts in various countries, particularly as a translation of the Russian ""oblast"". As administrative subdivisions of Poland itself, obwody existed as subdivisions of voivodeships (later gubernias) in the early part of the Congress Poland period, from 1816 until 1842, when they were renamed powiats (the former powiats being renamed okręgi). See Administrative division of Congress Poland. Obwody were also created temporarily in 1945–46, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result"
"Union in the same way as the other four overseas departments. However following a directive of the European Council in December 2013, Mayotte became an outermost region of the European Union on 1 January 2014.<ref name=""CD 2013/61/EU""></ref> This successful agreement between the 27 member states follows a petition made by the French government for Mayotte to become an integral territory of the European Union nonetheless benefiting from the derogation clause applicable in existing outermost regions, namely Article 349 TFEU, as favoured in a June 2012 European Commission opinion on Mayotte's European constitutional status. Mayotte is divided into 17 communes. There"
"municipalities, sub-provincial cities and prefecture-level cities. Districts have county level status. Modern districts are a recent innovation. In the context of pre-modern China, the English translation ""district"" is typically associated with ""xian"", another Chinese administrative division. The ""xian"" is translated as ""county"" in the context of modern China. Hong Kong is divided into eighteen districts, each with a district council. In Colombia, a district is one of ten special administrative units: A ""district"" in the Czech Republic is an ""okres"" (plural ""okresy""). After a reform in 2002, the districts lost administrative power to regions (""kraje"") and selected towns (""pověřené obce"")"
"overseas departments that have similar powers to those of the regions of metropolitan France. As integral parts of the French Republic, they are represented in the National Assembly, Senate and Economic and Social Council, elect a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and use the euro as their currency. Although these territories have had these political powers since 1982, when France's decentralisation policy dictated that they be given elected regional councils along with other regional powers, the designation ""overseas regions"" dates only to the 2003 constitutional change; indeed, the new wording of the constitution aims to give no precedence to"
"Voivodeship. Administrative authority at voivodeship level is shared between a government-appointed voivode (governor), an elected regional assembly (""sejmik"") and a voivodeship marshal, an executive elected by that assembly. The voivodeships are subdivided into ""powiats"" (often referred to in English as counties), and these are further divided into ""gminas"" (also known as communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both ""gmina"" and ""powiat"". Poland has 16 voivodeships, 380 powiats (including 66 cities with ""powiat"" status), and 2,478 ""gminas"". The Polish armed forces are composed of five branches: Land Forces (""Wojska Lądowe""), Navy (""Marynarka Wojenna""), Air Force (""Siły Powietrzne""),"
"campaign against the Polish ethnic minority. Poland is the sixth most populous member state of the European Union and has a grand total of 51 representatives in the European Parliament. Ever since joining the union in 2004, successive Polish governments have pursued policies to increase the country's role in European and regional affairs. Poland's current voivodeships (provinces) are largely based on the country's historic regions, whereas those of the past two decades (to 1998) had been centred on and named for individual cities. The new units range in area from less than for Opole Voivodeship to more than for Masovian"
"Obwód Obwód (plural ""obwody"") is a term used in Polish to denote administrative districts in various countries, particularly as a translation of the Russian ""oblast"". As administrative subdivisions of Poland itself, obwody existed as subdivisions of voivodeships (later gubernias) in the early part of the Congress Poland period, from 1816 until 1842, when they were renamed powiats (the former powiats being renamed okręgi). See Administrative division of Congress Poland. Obwody were also created temporarily in 1945–46, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result of the Soviet military advance. An obwód was then a subdivision of an"
"has 16 voivodeships. A voi(e)vod(e) (literally, ""leader of warriors"" or ""war leader"", equivalent to the Latin """"Dux Exercituum"""" and the German """"Herzog"""") was originally a military commander who stood, in a state's structure, next to the ruler. Later the word came to denote an administrative official. Words for ""voivodeship"" in various languages include the ; the ; the Serbian: ""vojvodina"" (војводина), ""vojvodstvo"" (војводство) or ""vojvodovina"" (војводовина); the ; the (""vajаvodstva""); the . Some of these words, or variants of them, may also be used in English. Named for the word for ""voivodeship"" is the autonomous Serbian province of Vojvodina. Though"
"a Department, and may either contain or be coequal with Communes (towns). In Mali the arrondissement is a subunit of a Cercle, while in some places arrondissements are essentially subdistricts of large cities. Each of Haiti's ten departments is sub-divided into 42 arrondissements. In the Canadian province of Quebec, eight cities are divided into arrondissements, known as boroughs in English. In Quebec, boroughs are provincially organized and recognized sub-municipal entities that have mayors and councillors. Arrondissement An arrondissement (; ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, and the Netherlands. The 101 French"
"France: Notes for Table 7: Departments of France In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government below the national level (""territorial collectivities""), between the administrative regions and the commune. Ninety-six departments are in metropolitan France, and five are overseas departments, which are also classified as regions. Departments are further subdivided into 334 arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons; the last two have no autonomy, and are used for the organisation of police, fire departments, and sometimes, elections. Each department is administered by an elected body called a departmental council (""conseil départemental"""