"200 U.S. car makers in 1920, only 17 were left in 1940. It also transformed technology. Henry Ford is reported to have said, ""Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black."" Before the assembly line, Ts had been available in a variety of colors, including red, blue, and green, but not black. Now, paint had become a production bottleneck; only Japan Black dried quickly enough, and not until Duco lacquer appeared in 1926 would other colors reappear on the T. In 1915, Henry Ford went on a peace mission to"
"Ford's apocryphal remark, ""any color as long as it's black"". In 1914, an assembly line worker could buy a Model T with four months' pay. Ford's complex safety procedures—especially assigning each worker to a specific location instead of allowing them to roam about—dramatically reduced the rate of injury. The combination of high wages and high efficiency is called ""Fordism,"" and was copied by most major industries. The efficiency gains from the assembly line also coincided with the economic rise of the United States. The assembly line forced workers to work at a certain pace with very repetitive motions which led"
"boom in other consumer durable products. It marked the beginning of mass market consumerism, that had been enabled by the efficiency of mass production and the moving production line. Until this time, manufacturers of consumer goods were concerned, by the possibility that the market would be fulfilled and demand would dry up. Henry Ford was wrong-footed by staying with the production oriented one size fits all, """"any colour you like as long as it's black"""", Model T for far too long. The seller's market in new cars in the U.S. was over. Customers wanted choice. The 'one model' policy had"
"in Springfield, Massachusetts. This concept was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in 1913 with the world's first ""moving"" assembly line for cars at the Highland Park Ford Plant. As a result, Ford's cars came off the line in fifteen-minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing productivity eightfold, while using less manpower (from 12.5-man-hours to 1 hour 33 minutes). It was so successful, paint became a bottleneck. Only Japan black would dry fast enough, forcing the company to drop the variety of colors available before 1913, until fast-drying Duco lacquer was developed in 1926. This is the source of"
"Managers who failed to increase sales for three successive months were fired, regardless of seniority. In the 1950s, Earl Scheib expanded his company with locations across the nation and started a national advertising campaign. Sheib wrote the commercials and became the company's spokesman. He became famous for his slogan, ""I'm Earl Scheib, and I'll paint any car, any color for $19.95. No ups, no extras."" This campaign and slogan were maintained until Scheib died. However, the price was slowly increased over the years. There was also controversy early on during the advertising campaign because a number of factory colors were"
"water mark on the window sticker with the running horse badge during this time period. In 1999, Ford produced a special 35th Anniversary Edition of the Mustang. In 2003, Ford Produced a Centennial Edition of the Mustang. Producing 1,323 Convertible models and only 717 Coupe models. Total production for this Centennial Edition was 2,040. This model came as Henry Ford stated when he created the Model T ""Any color as long as its Black."" The 100th Anniversary models only came in black, and included Premium Verona-grain Imola leather seating surfaces in two-tone parchment, and the Mustang got the GT premium"
"from the other. The innovation of the moving assembly line, was inspired by the 'dis-assembly' plants of the Chicago meat packing industry, reduced production time from twelve and a half hours, to just an hour and thirty-three minutes per car. Black was the only colour available because it was the only paint that would dry in the required production time. The continuous improvement of production methods, and economies of scale from larger and larger scale production, allowed Henry Ford to progressively lower the price of the Model T throughout its production run. It was far less expensive, smaller, and more"
"red"" is a popular color for car companies to manufacture automobiles in because ""candy apple red"" colored automobiles sell quickly. The ""candy apple red"" is not just the name of a color, it is also implies a specific paint process for cars and other objects: The phrase ""candy apple red"", describes a very specific paint process first used on custom cars and hot rods sometime in the early 1950s (date not specified, per audio interview with Joe Bailon, candy apple red, inventor,http://www.legends.thewwbc.net/gpage187.html In the candy apple red paint process, the body of the car or other object to be painted"
"Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford. In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation"
"strokes and his final cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 1947 at age 83. Ford's philosophy was one of economic independence for the United States. His River Rouge Plant became the world's largest industrial complex, pursuing vertical integration to such an extent that it could produce its own steel. Ford's goal was to produce a vehicle from scratch without reliance on foreign trade. He believed in the global expansion of his company. He believed that international trade and cooperation led to international peace, and he used the assembly line process and production of the Model T to demonstrate it. He opened Ford"
"a tendency to flake off. This process and style of paint job was invented by Joe Bailon, a customizer from Northern California. Customizers also continued the habit of adding decorative paint after the main coat was finished, of flames extending rearward from the front wheels, scallops, and hand-painted pinstripes of a contrasting color. The base color, most often a single coat, would be expected to be of a simpler paint. Flame jobs later spread to the hood, encompassing the entire front end, and have progressed from traditional reds and yellows to blues and greens and body-color ""ghost"" flames. One particular"
"film. Ford 021C The Ford 021C was a concept car first shown to the public at the October 1999 Tokyo Motor Show by Ford. It was designed by Marc Newson and built by Ghia. The car's name is taken from the Pantone orange colour, said to be Newson's favorite, although it was repainted in lime green when it was brought to the Milan Furniture Fair in April 2000. Ford officials stated that 021C also stands for ""21st Century."" It was produced purely as a styling exercise and was not intended for production. The design was commissioned by Ford’s design director"
"of Henry Ford, Herbert Austin decided that the future was in mass-producing a single model and chose that size. The Longbridge plant had been considerably enlarged for wartime production, and it was there that the company had a base to put the theory into practice now with the capacity to manufacture 150 cars a week. During the war Austin had owned an American Hudson Super Six which he clearly admired. Its overall layout would form a basis for the design of the new one model car policy. The car would, however, prove to be too large for the home market,"
"up the company rather than cooperate, but his wife Clara told him she would leave him if he destroyed the family business. In her view, it would not be worth the chaos it would create. Ford complied with his wife's ultimatum, and even agreed with her in retrospect. Overnight, the Ford Motor Company went from the most stubborn holdout among automakers to the one with the most favorable UAW contract terms. The contract was signed in June 1941. About a year later, Ford told Walter Reuther, ""It was one of the most sensible things Harry Bennett ever did when he"
"to imbue colors with emotional associations. Thus the same ""poppy yellow"" paint can become the hot-blooded ""amber rage"", the peaceful ""late afternoon sunshine"", or the wealth-evoking ""sierra gold"". The divisions of General Motors often give different names to the same colors featured on different car models. The attachment of an emotional context to a color may make it easier for a customer to decide among choices. Names given to the most vivid colors often include the word ""neon"", alluding to the bright glow of neon lighting. Dyes and inks producing these colors are often fluorescent, producing a luminous glow when"
"Bates in ""The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford"" states: Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, was a shrewd business man, and did not let race get in the way of a profitable decision. In 1923, Ford started a program to recruit Negro workers. He worked with local church leaders, including Reverend Daniel to refer men in need of jobs to the Ford offices. While some of the Reverend Daniel's parishioners did work in menial or dangerous jobs at the factory, Ford was a progressive organization. Parishioners had the opportunity to work ""on the"
"it was done. Bennett was so loyal to Henry Ford that when a journalist asked Bennett during an interview, ""If Henry Ford asked you to black out the sky tomorrow, what would you do?"" Bennett thought for a moment and said, ""I might have a little trouble arranging that one but you'd see 100,000 workers coming through the plant gates with dark glasses on tomorrow."" In the mid-1920s, Bennett often drove to Ford's Fair Lane mansion to ask his boss if there was anything he could do for him. By the time the Model A production was in full swing"
"Henry Ford II retired and Ford's chief stylist, Eugene Bordinat, stepped down as well. During the late 1970s, there had been a push by automobile manufacturers around the world to make small, fuel efficient cars; this was initiated by the OPEC oil embargo of October 17, 1973–1974. This embargo included a 70% increase in oil prices, causing long lines at gasoline filling stations, and skyrocketing prices for gasoline. People wanted, demanded more miles for their gasoline dollars. By the end of the decade, this led auto manufacturers from the United States, Japan, and West Germany to rethink the adage that"
"cars served two purposes: 1.) They eased Ford into full production by familiarizing workers and supervisors with the build process, and 2.) They formed a batch of physical cars that could be shipped to every major Ford dealer in time for the April 17 launch. Logically, the first cars built were sent to the farthest dealers – hence Serial Number One wound up 2,180 miles from Dearborn in St. John’s, Newfoundland. (Twelve of these pre-production cars, incidentally, went to the New York World’s Fair for use in Ford’s Magic Skyway ride). Mustang Serial Number One in particular was painted Wimbledon"
"take on colors, and eventually fancy orange-yellow flamed hoods or ""candy-like"" deep acrylic finishes in the various colors. With the change in automobile design to encase the wheels in fenders and to extend the hood to the full width of the car, the former practices were no longer possible. In addition, tremendous automotive advertising raised public interest in the new models in the 1950s. Thus, custom cars came into existence, swapping headlamp rings, grilles, bumpers, chrome side strips, and tail lights, and frenching and tunnelling head- and taillights. The bodies of the cars were changed by cutting through the sheet"
"features such as automatic transmissions, power steering, power brakes and cruise control, in an effort to make the previous models seem outdated and facilitate the long drive from the suburbs. Record sales made the decade arguably the ""golden era"" of automobile manufacturing. Harley Earl and Bill France Sr. popularized the saying ""Race on Sunday, sell on Monday"", a mantra still heard today in motorsports, particularly within NASCAR. During the muscle-car era, manufacturers not only sponsored the drivers, but designed stock cars specifically to compete in the fast-growing and highly popular sport. As the automobile became more and more an extension"
"several bootleg plays such as “David and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat” and “Godspell”. Although Ford had taken great care to blend into Earth society, he had ""skimped a bit on his preparatory research,"" and thought that the name ""Ford Prefect"" would be ""nicely inconspicuous."" The Ford Prefect was a popular British car manufactured from 1938 to 1961, and Adams later clarified in an interview that Ford ""had simply mistaken the dominant life form"" of Earth. This was expanded on somewhat in the film version, where Ford is almost run over while attempting to greet a blue Ford Prefect. He is"
"contracting for Ford. Within a decade, the company would lead the world in the expansion and refinement of the assembly line concept, and Ford soon brought much of the part production in-house in a vertical integration that seemed a better path for the era. Henry Ford was 39 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which would go on to become one of the world's largest and most profitable companies. It has been in continuous family control for over 100 years and is one of the largest family-controlled companies in the world. The first gasoline powered automobile had"
"and interchanging the easily detachable doors, hood, hatch, grill, fenders and bumper fascias — after final production at the Puebla, Mexico assembly plant where all the Harlequins were manufactured. The interchangement of colors — Tornado Red, Ginster Yellow, Chagall Blue, and Pistachio Green — was not random, but followed four defined assignments, with each pattern avoiding adjacent major panels sharing the same paint color. Chagall Blue, and Pistachio Green were otherwise unavailable as a Golf paint color choice in North America. The resulting Harlequins were designated by their 'base' color, the paint color of the welded panels comprising the core"
"three children – Thomas Gardner Ford (July 15, 1918 – August 28, 1995); Richard Addison ""Dick"" Ford (June 3, 1924 – March 20, 2015); and James Francis Ford (August 11, 1927 – January 23, 2001). The President was to write later that in the household there were three rules for him and his half siblings: ""tell the truth, work hard and come to dinner on time."" The elder Ford founded the Ford Paint and Varnish Company in 1929 just before the Great Depression. After the Depression hit, Ford asked his employees to work for $5/week and likewise paid himself the"
"doors and hood. Underneath, the frame rails of the Henry J were modified to allow for a lower ride height, the steering ratio altered and the spring and damping rates changed to match the lighter body. The car was offered initially in four colors—Champagne Lacquer (white), Red Sail Lacquer, Yellow Satin Lacquer, and Pine Tint Lacquer (green)—with lacquer paints specified because fiberglass could not withstand the temperatures needed to bake enamel onto it. Tritt's company, Glasspar, was commissioned to produce bodies for the production model. However, Glasspar produced only a handful of these. The remaining 435 were produced in-house by"
"other pieces of equipment, but many U-Haul centers and dealerships also provide self storage units, LPG (propane) refueling, hitch and trailer wiring installation, and carpet cleaners, among other services. Because of the company's ubiquity (there are over 16,000 active dealers across the country) the name is sometimes used as a genericized trademark to refer to the services of any rental company. The livery used on rented vehicles is widely recognized, primarily consisting of white and a thick horizontal orange stripe, in addition to a large state- or province-themed picture, known as SuperGraphics. In 1945 at the age of 29 Leonard"
"Clearcoat, Laser Red Tinted Clearcoat, Medium Atlantic Blue Clearcoat Metallic, Silver Clearcoat Metallic, and (most notable) Mystic Gold. Apparently, Mystic Gold was supposed to be available in limited numbers late in the model year. After the 1996 Mystic Cobra, the 2000 Mystic Gold Cobra would have been the second time that a color-shifting paint was used on the Cobra. It was said that the Mystic Gold paint had a color shift from burnt orange to gold to yellow to pale green. Unfortunately, Ford made some changes to the painting process for the 2001 model year, and the Mystic Gold paint"
"vat dyed, Bridge of Weir leather (imported from Scotland) was used throughout the interior; as Continental felt the results were better-wearing, the leather used the Vat dye process and was dyed in the United States. While metallic-style exterior paints had become popular on 1950s American luxury cars, durability concerns forced Continental to adapt lacquer-based paint colors (the first Ford Motor Company vehicle to do so). During the development of the Continental division by Ford Special Products, Ford Motor Company sought to develop the most stringent quality control programs ever seen in the American automotive industry, coming up with seven major"
"strategy, demanding that Ford stop reducing his prices when they could barely fill orders for cars and to continue to pay out special dividends from the capital surplus in lieu of his proposed plant investments. Two brothers, John Francis Dodge and Horace Elgin Dodge, owned 10% of the company, among the largest shareholders next to Ford. The Court was called upon to decide whether the minority shareholders could prevent Ford from operating the company for the charitable ends that he had declared. The Michigan Supreme Court held that Henry Ford could not lower consumer prices and raise employee salaries. Notably,"
"to a single color combination, and Ford relied exclusively on the fast-drying Japan Black lacquer which cured in a matter of hours, Jordan automobiles were available in no less than three colors of red - ""Apache Red"", ""Mercedes Red"", and ""Savage Red""- as well as ""Ocean Sand Gray"", ""Venetian Green"", ""Briarcliff Green"", ""Egyptian Bronze"", ""Liberty Blue"", and ""Chinese Blue"". Black was also available. The most flamboyant of color schemes was on the four-passenger Sport model which could be ordered in ""Submarine Gray"", with khaki top and orange wheels. Details given the cars were unusually advanced for an independently made assembled"
"called a biretta worn by Medieval professors and clerics In the 19th and 20th centuries, many machines and devices, large and small, were painted black, to stress their functionality. These included telephones, sewing machines, steamships, railroad locomotives, and automobiles. The Ford Model T, the first mass-produced car, was available only in black from 1914 to 1926. Of means of transportation, only airplanes were rarely ever painted black. Black house paint is becoming more popular with Sherwin-Williams reporting that the color, Tricorn Black, was the 6th most popular exterior house paint color in Canada and the 12th most popular paint in"
"K; Henry Ford favored inexpensive cars, like the Model N. Once Malcomson was no longer part of the company, Henry Ford, now with uncontested control, focused the company's efforts towards making cheap cars exclusively. The success of the Model N made Ford Motor Company the largest automaker in the United States by the end of 1906, a distinction that it would hold for twenty years. In January 1907, in a room located on the Piquette Avenue Plant's third floor in the northeast corner, the design process began for the Ford Model T, the car credited with starting the mass use"