"Caxton to Christopher Barker, An Exhibition: November 1976 – April 1977"" had this to say about Christopher's life and work: Initials and ornaments Christopher Barker (printer) Christopher Barker (c.1529–1599) was the printer to Queen Elizabeth I. He was also the father of a printing dynasty that included his son Robert Barker, his grandsons Robert Constable and Francis Constable, and Richard Constable who is believed to be his grandson. He is most well-known for printing many editions of English Bibles during the Elizabethan Age, notably the Geneva Bible and the so-called Bishop's Bible. He was the official printer of the court"
"Richard Pynson Richard Pynson (1448 in Normandy – 1529) was one of the first printers of English books. The 500 books he printed were influential in the standardisation of the English language. Pynson, whose books make him technically and typographically the outstanding English printer of his generation, is credited with introducing Roman type to English printing. Pynson was born in 1448 in Normandy and may have been a glover and/or a pouchmaker before he turned to printing. It is possible that he is identical with one Richard Pynson who was enrolled as a student in Paris in 1464. He is"
"and change of language."") Works published by Caxton from the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress: William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or"
"usage of devices, title-pages, types, and other technical aspects lend support to the common image of him as a highly skilled craftsman and capable businessman who invented nothing but was quite good at improving upon innovations others had made before. Richard Pynson Richard Pynson (1448 in Normandy – 1529) was one of the first printers of English books. The 500 books he printed were influential in the standardisation of the English language. Pynson, whose books make him technically and typographically the outstanding English printer of his generation, is credited with introducing Roman type to English printing. Pynson was born in"
"William Caxton William Caxton (c. 1422 – c. 1491) was an English merchant, diplomat, and writer. He is thought to be the first person to introduce a printing press into England, in 1476, and as a printer was the first English retailer of printed books. Neither his parentage nor date of birth is known for certain, but he may have been born between 1415 and 1424, perhaps in the Weald or wood land of Kent, perhaps in Hadlow or Tenterden. In 1438 he was apprenticed to Robert Large, a wealthy London silk mercer. Shortly after Large's death, Caxton moved to"
"Stephen Daye Stephen Daye, Sr. (c.1594 – December 22, 1668) was the first British North American printer. Daye was born in Sutton, Surrey London, and emigrated on June 7, 1638 to Cambridge Massachusetts on board the ""John of London"" with his wife Rebecca (Wright) Bordman (Bordman - from a previous marriage) (died October 17, 1658), sons Stephen, Jr. (died December 1, 1639), Matthew (died May 10, 1649), and stepson William Bordman (died March 25, 1685), and three household servants. In 1638 he is recorded as being a locksmith by profession who was under financial contract to Reverend Joseph Glover to"
"William Bradford (printer, born 1663) William Bradford (May 20, 1660 – May 23, 1752) was an early English printer in North America. He is best known as ""the pioneer printer of the Middle colonies"" and the head of a family that included publishers for 140 years. He was also known for controversies regarding freedom of the press. William Bradford was born to William (d. 1667) and Ann Bradford in the village of Barwell in Leicestershire, England where his father was a printer. His family were likely members of the Society of Friends. As was customary, he was apprenticed outside the"
"honor of its neighboring village's famous son and is now William Bradford Academy. Other colonial printers: William Bradford (printer, born 1663) William Bradford (May 20, 1660 – May 23, 1752) was an early English printer in North America. He is best known as ""the pioneer printer of the Middle colonies"" and the head of a family that included publishers for 140 years. He was also known for controversies regarding freedom of the press. William Bradford was born to William (d. 1667) and Ann Bradford in the village of Barwell in Leicestershire, England where his father was a printer. His family"
"Joseph Moxon Joseph Moxon (8 August 1627 – February 1691 ), hydrographer to Charles II, was an English printer specialising in mathematical books and maps, a maker of globes and mathematical instruments, and mathematical lexicographer. He produced the first English language dictionary devoted to mathematics, and the first detailed instructional manual for printers. In November 1678, he became the first tradesman to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society. Between the ages of around 9 and 11, Moxon accompanied his father, James Moxon, to Delft and Rotterdam where he was printing English Bibles. It was at this time"
"Wynkyn de Worde Wynkyn de Worde (died 1534) was a printer and publisher in London known for his work with William Caxton, and is recognised as the first to popularise the products of the printing press in England. Wynkyn de Worde was a German immigrant to England. There is some confusion in documentary sources as to the correct form of his name, which is given in the forms ""Wynkyn de Worde"", ""Wynken de Worde"", ""Wynkyn de Word"", ""Wijnkijn de Worde"", and ""Winandus van Worden"" (""Wynkyn"" is a diminutive of ""Wynand""). It is also given 15 times in the sacrist's roll"
"Elisabeth Pickering Elisabeth Pickering (c.1510–1562) was an English printer, the first woman in England to print books under her maiden name. Elisabeth Pickering is known as the wife and, on his death in October/November 1540, widow, of Robert Redman, a printer of law books in London since 1525. Thirteen editions of Redman books were printed, eleven under Pickerings name, within nine-months of his death, including an edition of the Magna Carta. Thereafter she sold the printing business to one William Middleton. She is reputed by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography to have been the first English woman to print"
"Colard Mansion Colard Mansion (or Colart, before 1440 – after May 1484) was a 15th-century Flemish scribe and printer who worked together with William Caxton. He is known as the first printer of a book with copper engravings, and as the printer of the first books in English and French. Colard Mansion was a central figure in the early printing industry in Bruges. He was active as early as 1454 as a bookseller, and was also active as a scribe, translator and contractor for manuscripts, which meant entering into contracts with the clients, and organizing and sub-contracting the elements such"
"be found by sailing near the North Pole. These views later influenced Daines Barrington and Samuel Engel, whose refinement of Moxon's ideas would in turn influence Captain Cook's Third Voyage in search of the Northwest Passage. Joseph Moxon Joseph Moxon (8 August 1627 – February 1691 ), hydrographer to Charles II, was an English printer specialising in mathematical books and maps, a maker of globes and mathematical instruments, and mathematical lexicographer. He produced the first English language dictionary devoted to mathematics, and the first detailed instructional manual for printers. In November 1678, he became the first tradesman to be elected"
"Reginald Wolfe Reginald (or Reyner) Wolfe (died 1573) was a Dutch-born English Protestant printer and one of the original members of the Royal Stationers' Company. Wolfe was born in Druten in the Netherlands. A learned and devout Protestant, he settled in England some time before 1530 and established himself as a bookseller at St. Paul's Churchyard, London. Wolfe began to print in 1542. He was the first printer in England to maintain a large stock of Greek type. Edward VI made him Royal Printer in Latin, Greek and Hebrew and awarded him an annuity of 26s. 8d. for life. Despite"
"etc.). Early writers of this new English, such as Geoffrey Chaucer, gave it a fairly consistent spelling system, but this was soon diluted by Chancery clerks who re-spelled words based on French orthography. English spelling consistency was dealt a further blow when William Caxton brought the printing press to London in 1476. Having lived in mainland Europe for the preceding 30 years, his grasp of the English spelling system had become uncertain. The Belgian assistants he brought to help him set up his business had an even poorer command of it. As printing developed, printers began to develop individual preferences"
"Russel of St John's, Wapping and the Rev. John Lewis. He also made the acquaintance, while attending lectures by John Theophilus Desaguliers, of Peter Thompson, a Hamburg merchant and Member of Parliament for St Albans. Lewis had made collections for a history of printing in England, and suggested to Ames that he should undertake the work. Notes sent to Ames include lists of printers and facsimiles of their marks, copies of title-pages, extracts, &c. Samuel Palmer published a similar work; it appeared in 1732, but not to acclaim. In 1739–40 Ames circulated a preliminary list of English printers from 1471"
"40 prints, as well as many of the printing blocks and plates for them. Edward Calvert (painter) Edward Calvert (20 September 1799 – 14 July 1883) was an English printmaker and painter. He was born in Appledore, near Bideford in Devon, and after a spell in the Navy, studied art at Plymouth and the Royal Academy (1824). His early visionary work was greatly inspired by William Blake, and he became a member of the Blake-influenced group known as The Ancients which met at Samuel Palmer's in Shoreham, Kent in the later 1820s and early 1830s. Amongst Calvert's finest works are"
"""Bay Psalm Book"", the first book published in the American colonies. The next year, 1641, Daye was rewarded for his work with three hundred acres of land. Stephen Daye Stephen Daye, Sr. (c.1594 – December 22, 1668) was the first British North American printer. Daye was born in Sutton, Surrey London, and emigrated on June 7, 1638 to Cambridge Massachusetts on board the ""John of London"" with his wife Rebecca (Wright) Bordman (Bordman - from a previous marriage) (died October 17, 1658), sons Stephen, Jr. (died December 1, 1639), Matthew (died May 10, 1649), and stepson William Bordman (died March"
"around the pronunciation of Late Middle English c. 1400 AD (the time of Chaucer) and the modern spelling system, which dates from the same time and closely approximates the pronunciation of the time. (Modern English spelling originates in the spelling conventions of Middle English scribes and its modern form was largely determined by William Caxton, the first English printer (beginning in 1476). As an example, the vowel spelled corresponds to two Middle English pronunciations: in most circumstances, but long in an open syllable, i.e. followed by a single consonant and then a vowel, notated ""aCV"" in the spelling column. (This"
"cannot tell who shall gather them.' Christopher Potter (died 1817) Christopher Potter (1750–1817) was an English manufacturer and contractor, best known for introducing into France the method of printing on porcelain and glass. Christopher Potter was born in 1750 the first son of George and Betty Potter. He was baptised on 1 January 1751; his elder sister, Philliss, was baptised in 1749 and buried in 1751; his younger sister, Mary, baptised in February 1752; and a brother, George baptised in November of the same year. Nothing is known of Christopher's education. His father George was a maker of Archel dye"
"Christopher Potter (died 1817) Christopher Potter (1750–1817) was an English manufacturer and contractor, best known for introducing into France the method of printing on porcelain and glass. Christopher Potter was born in 1750 the first son of George and Betty Potter. He was baptised on 1 January 1751; his elder sister, Philliss, was baptised in 1749 and buried in 1751; his younger sister, Mary, baptised in February 1752; and a brother, George baptised in November of the same year. Nothing is known of Christopher's education. His father George was a maker of Archel dye at the Falcoln Steps, Southwark between"
"William Blades William Blades (5 December 1824 – 27 April 1890), English printer and bibliographer, was born at Clapham, London. In 1840 he was apprenticed to his father's printing business in London, being subsequently taken into partnership. The firm was afterwards known as Blades, East & Blades. His interest in printing led him to make a study of the volumes produced by Caxton's press, and of the early history of printing in England. His ""Life and Typography of William Caxton, England's First Printer"", was published in 1861-1863, and the conclusions which he set forth were arrived at by a careful"
"technology. Walter Chepman was a prosperous textile merchant who had supplied goods to the Crown and also carried out clerical duties at the Royal Court. It might be supposed that he provided the bulk of the capital for the enterprise. It is not known where or when Chepman and Myllar acquired their printing press and staff, but in the months following the Royal charter, they established themselves in the Southgait of Edinburgh, now known as The Cowgate. Their earliest surviving publication dates to 4 April 1508. It not known when the press closed, but the latest surviving copies of the"
"introduced the art of printing into Nuremberg in 1470. The most common types of books printed in large quantities were able to be cheaply produced like catechisms and almanacs and often not bound at all. The religious dissensions of the continent, and the Reformation in England under Henry VIII and Edward VI, created a great demand for books; but in England neither monarchs of the Tudor nor Stuart dynasties could easily tolerate a free press, and various efforts were made to curb it. The first patent for the office of king's printer was granted to Thomas Berthelet by Henry VIII"
"printed at a secret press established by John Penry, a Welsh puritan, with the help of the printer Robert Waldegrave, about midsummer 1588, for the issue of puritan literature forbidden by the authorities. The first tract by ""Martin Marprelate,"" known as the ""Epistle"", was printed at the home of Mistress Crane at East Molesey in October 1588. Born Elizabeth Hussey, Mistress Crane was the widow of Anthony Crane (d. 16 August 1583), Master of the Queen's Household, and daughter of Sir Robert Hussey (d.1546), younger brother of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford The ""Epistle"" is an answer to"
"Company, of which he became a liveryman in 1738, and in whose hall is his portrait bust and a painting of his father. He was known as ""the learned printer."" Bowyer was buried in Leyton parish church, where he has a monument. William Bowyer (printer) William Bowyer (; 19 December 1699 – 13 November 1777) was an English printer. Born in London, he was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, and in 1722 became a partner in his father's business. In 1729 he was appointed printer of the votes of the British House of Commons, and in 1736 printer to"
"John Wolfe (printer) John Wolfe (1548? – 1601) was an English bookseller and printer. His considerable ambition (he allegedly compared his attempts to reform the English printing trade to Martin Luther's efforts at reforming Christianity) and his disdain for the printing patent system of Elizabethan England drew the ire of his competitors and authorities in his early career. After being jailed twice and having his printing materials seized, Wolfe transformed himself into an ardent defender of printing privileges. By 1593, he was appointed Printer to the City of London. Wolfe may have come from a family in Sussex. For years,"
"by Thomas Berthelet==References== Thomas Berthelet Thomas Berthelet (died 1555) was a London printer, probably from France. His surname was also variously spelt ""Berthelot"" and ""Berthelett"". Berthelet was to become King's Printer and King's Bookbinder for Henry VIII. His name was Englished as ""Bartlett"". Berthelet was of French descent though very little is known about his background before he established himself as a printer in London. He is thought to have been apprenticed to London printer Pynson, and some historians have suggested he may have been known as Thomas Bercula previously. Berthelet is recorded, in an application for a marriage licence"
"George Baxter (printer) George Baxter (1804–1867) was an English artist and printer based in London. He is credited with the invention of commercially viable colour printing. Though colour printing had been developed in China centuries before, it was not commercially viable. However, in early years of the 19th century the process of colour printing had been revived by George Savage, a Yorkshireman in London. It was to be Savage's methods upon which Baxter, already an accomplished artist and engraver, was to improve. In 1828, Baxter began experimenting with colour printing by means of woodblocks. Baxter was born in 1804 in"
"William Caslon William Caslon I (1692/1693 – 23 January 1766), also known as William Caslon the Elder, was an English typefounder. The distinction and legibility of his type secured him the patronage of the leading printers of the day in England and on the continent. His typefaces transformed English type design and first established an English national typographic style. Caslon was born in Cradley, Worcestershire in 1692 or 1693 and trained as an engraver in nearby Birmingham. In 1716, he started business in London as an engraver of gun locks and barrels and as a bookbinder's tool cutter. Having contact"
"James Watson (printer) James Watson (c.1664- 1722) was a Scottish printer and bookseller of note and founder of several Scottish newspapers, coming from a long line of printers. Unafraid of controversy in his printing he was in court multiple times and imprisoned at least once. Sir Walter Scott discusses Watson’s collection of ancient poetry, the ""Choice Collection of Comic and Serious Scottish Poems"", in ""Popular Poetry"" (part of ""Poetical Works""). Robert Burns was also heavily influenced by Watson’s collection of old poems, both in content and presentation. Watson’s ""History of Printing"" (1713) is also seen as a milestone in printing"
"in progress for many centuries."" Modern English came into being as the standard Middle English, i.e. as the preferred dialect of the monarch, court and administration. That dialect was East Midland, which had spread to London where the king resided and from which he ruled. It contained Danish forms not often used in the north or south, as the Danes had settled heavily in the midlands. Chaucer wrote in an early East Midland style, John Wycliffe translated the New Testament into it, and William Caxton, the first English printer, wrote in it. Caxton is considered the first modern English author."
"Thomas Berthelet Thomas Berthelet (died 1555) was a London printer, probably from France. His surname was also variously spelt ""Berthelot"" and ""Berthelett"". Berthelet was to become King's Printer and King's Bookbinder for Henry VIII. His name was Englished as ""Bartlett"". Berthelet was of French descent though very little is known about his background before he established himself as a printer in London. He is thought to have been apprenticed to London printer Pynson, and some historians have suggested he may have been known as Thomas Bercula previously. Berthelet is recorded, in an application for a marriage licence of 23 August"