"May 1831, it was opened to use by vehicles. The costs of building the bridge totalled £10,000. Pairs of bar-link saddle chains one above another with suspender rods hold the deck, which is in length and wide. Thomas Telford's method of ""three lines of rectangular cross-section eye-bar links with short connecting links and cross-bolted"" was copied from his 1822 Menai Suspension Bridge construction. The chains were installed on either side of the deck, one above the other with a dip of , giving a span ratio of 1:12. James Slight described the bridge as ""the strongest bridge that Capt. Brown"
"known as Menai Bridge) on Anglesey. Because of the high banks and fast flowing waters of the Strait, it would have been difficult to build piers on the shifting sands of the sea-bed and, even if it could be done, they would have obstructed the navigation. Also, the bridge would have to be high enough to allow the passage of the tall ships of the day. In view of this, Telford proposed that a suspension bridge should be built and his recommendation was accepted by Parliament. Construction of the bridge, to Telford's design, began in 1819 with the towers on"
"Telford's Caledonian Canal. In 1821 Hazledine contracted to supply the wrought iron and cast iron for the Menai Suspension Bridge. The bridge, designed by Telford, was completed in 1826. He also supplied the ironwork for Telford's Conwy Suspension Bridge, completed the same year. The tensile strength of the wrought iron chains, made at Upton Forge, was important to these suspension bridges. in 1817 he took over Calcutts Ironworks, in Ironbridge Gorge; pig iron was produced, and wrought and cast iron made. It was not successful, and he gave up the lease in 1831. Other business interests included a limeworks at"
"either side of the strait. These were constructed from Penmon limestone and were hollow with internal cross-walls. Then came the sixteen huge chain cables, each made of 935 iron bars, that support the span. To avoid rusting between manufacture and use, the iron was soaked in linseed oil and later painted. The chains each measured and weighed . Their suspending power was calculated at . The bridge was opened to much fanfare on 30 January 1826. The roadway was only wide and, without stiffening trusses, soon proved highly unstable in the wind. The deck of the Menai Bridge was strengthened"
"It was designed by David Lennox, master mason, Superintendent of Bridges for the colony of NSW and Australia's first major bridge builder. Before arriving in Australia in 1832, David Lennox, master mason, had occupied responsible positions in Britain for more than twenty years, working on many bridges including the Menai Suspension Bridge over the Menai Strait and the Over Bridge over the Severn River at Gloucester. Lennox was appointed by Governor Brisbane as Superintendent of Bridges for the colony of New South Wales in 1833. Lennox also undertook many other civil engineering works in NSW from 1832 to 1844, when"
"Pewsey, Wiltshire; and the proposal for the Menai Suspension Bridge on Anglesey (1839). Of the several Dredge-patent bridges built in Ulster, almost none are still in existence; the Ballievey Bridge, destroyed in 1988 under the weight of a lorry, was the only one within the Ulster group which was not a footbridge. In March 1844 James Dredge wrote a short article on the suspension bridge he had built in India the previous Autumn across the river Kubbudduk near Jesson (about 50 miles north of Calcutta). The suspended platform was 261 ft in length with the central span being 175 ft,"
"Menai Bridge, England and a Mr. Murray were charged with investigating various tubular forms and constricting a one-fourth scale model of the bridge to test its breaking strain. His work drew the attention of Charles Vignoles, who then employed England to supervise construction of the suspension bridge over the Dnieper at Kiev, a job which took five years, from 1842 to 1847. In recognition of his work he was offered the post of Captain in the Imperial Engineer Corps, but his health had suffered from the cold climate, and he decided to move to South Australia. He arrived in Adelaide"
"1826 Conwy Suspension Bridge. The Victoria Bridge was the first bridge to cross the St. Lawrence River, and was the longest bridge in the world when it was completed in 1859. It was rebuilt as a truss bridge in 1898. Britannia Bridge Britannia Bridge () is a bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. It was originally designed and built by the noted railway engineer Robert Stephenson as a tubular bridge of wrought iron rectangular box-section spans for carrying rail traffic. Its importance was to connect to the port of Holyhead and"
"of at the top. Conversely, the Cathedral Bridge was a lattice truss bridge with spans up to and a collective width of . It might, however, be mentioned that the Britannia Bridge successfully took increasingly heavy railway trains across the Menai Strait from its opening in 1850 until it was seriously damaged by fire in 1970. Designed by Robert Stephenson as a tubular bridge, the longest spans of the Britannia Bridge measured , with a width of . The wrought iron latticework of the Cathedral Bridge was designed by hydraulic engineer Hermann Lohse and formed an intricate network of diagonal"
"on the Edinburgh and Dalkeith Railway line, creating its St. Leonards branch, now commonly called the Innocent Railway. This includes a tunnel under the southern edge of Arthur's Seat plus the Glenesk Viaduct. He then embarked on other, more northerly railway projects: Ardrossan (1827), Threave (1825), Inveralmond (1827). He worked on several projects with Thomas Telford, including provision of mathematical calculations to establish the required chain strength to hold the Menai Straits suspension bridge. He was unsuccessful in his designs for Dean Bridge in Edinburgh and the City Observatory. He retired at age 70 in 1846. He died at home,"
"Prai River Bridge Perai River Bridge (Jambatan Sungai Perai in Malay) is a dual-three lane cable stayed bridge connecting the banks of the Perai River in Perai, Penang, Malaysia. It is part of the Butterworth Outer Ring Road (BORR). Designed by Dar Al-Handasah Consultants, it won the IStructE Award for Transportation Structures and the prestigious Supreme Award in 2006. Constructed by Lingkaran Luar Butterworth (Penang) Sdn. Bhd. on a turnkey contract. The project was carried out by Turnkey contractor, Lingkaran Luar Butterworth (Penang) Sdn. Bhd. The main sub-contractors to the Turnkey contractor are Ballast Needam International (left halfway through the"
"Wellington Suspension Bridge The Wellington Suspension Bridge (also known as the Chain Bridge and Craiglug Bridge) is a suspension bridge crossing the River Dee from Ferryhill to Craiglug in Aberdeen, north east Scotland. Designed by Captain Samuel Brown and the Aberdeen City Architect John Smith, it was opened to pedestrians in November 1830 and to traffic in May 1831. Closed in 1984 to vehicles and then pedestrians in 2002, it was restored in 2006/07 and pedestrian use was re-instated in 2008. Aberdeen was undergoing rapid expansion in the early 19th century and landowners in Torry, the Menzies family of Pitfodels,"
"Bridge (1819–26). Spanning , this was the longest suspension bridge of the time. Unlike modern suspension bridges, Telford used individually linked iron eye bars for the cables. Telford also worked on the North Wales coast road between Chester and Bangor, including another major suspension bridge at Conwy, opened later the same year as its Menai counterpart. Further afield Telford designed a road to cross the centre of the Isle of Arran. Named the 'String road', this route traverses bleak and difficult terrain to allow traffic to cross between east and west Arran avoiding the circuitous coastal route. His work on"
"Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford to replace the ferry, was completed in 1826 and spans the River Conwy next to the castle. Telford designed the bridge's supporting towers to match the castle's turrets. The bridge is now open to pedestrians only and, together with the toll-keeper's house, is in the care of the National Trust. The Conwy Railway Bridge, a Tubular bridge, was built for the Chester and Holyhead Railway by Robert Stephenson. The first tube was completed in 1848, the second in 1849. The bridge is still in use on the North Wales Coast Line, along with the"
"tightly bound cloth. The first iron chain suspension bridge in the Western world was the Jacob's Creek Bridge (1801) in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, designed by inventor James Finley. Finley's bridge was the first to incorporate all of the necessary components of a modern suspension bridge, including a suspended deck which hung by trusses. Finley patented his design in 1808, and published it in the Philadelphia journal, The Port Folio, in 1810. Early British chain bridges included the Dryburgh Abbey Bridge (1817) and 137 m Union Bridge (1820), with spans rapidly increasing to 176 m with the Menai Bridge (1826), ""the"
"Suspension Bridge. The bridge was part of Canadian politician William Hamilton Merritt's vision to promote trade within his country and with its neighbor the United States. Many, including bridge builders, argued that a suspension bridge could not allow the safe passage of trains. Nonetheless, the bridge companies hired Charles Ellet, Jr., who laid a line by a kite across the chasm and built a temporary suspension bridge in 1848. Ellet left the project after a financial dispute with the bridge companies, who hired John Augustus Roebling to complete the project. By 1854, his bridge was nearly complete, and the lower"
"the same point. It is in the same style as one of Telford's other bridges, the Menai Suspension Bridge crossing the Menai Strait. The original wooden deck was replaced by an iron roadway in the late nineteenth century and it was strengthened by adding wire cables above the original iron chains in 1903. The following year a walkway was added for pedestrian traffic. The bridge was superseded by a new road bridge built alongside and closed on 13/12/1958 when the Rt. Hon. Henry Brooke, MP performed the opening ceremony of the new bridge. The suspension bridge is now only used"
"Menai Strait The Menai Strait (, the ""River Menai"") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales. The strait is bridged in two places: the Menai Suspension Bridge () carrying the A5, and Robert Stephenson's 1850 Britannia Tubular Bridge. Originally the Britannia carried rail traffic in two wrought-iron rectangular box spans but after a disastrous fire in 1970, which left only the limestone pillars remaining, it was rebuilt as a steel box girder bridge, and now carries both rail and road traffic (A55). Between the two bridge"
"bridge on a larger scale across the Menai Strait between Anglesey and the Welsh mainland, in what was the Britannia Bridge. While developing the design which was made of wrought iron, Stephenson consulted William Fairbairn (who had extensive experience in working with iron), the mathematician Eaton Hodgkinson and resident engineer Edwin Clark. During February 1846, the men presented their design to the company who approved further development and experimentation to validate the design. Several different cross sections were built including a one-sixteenth scale model of the Britannia Bridge, 23.8 meters in length fitted with a rectangular-section tube. Testing incorporated various"
"Joseph Chaley Joseph Chaley (1795 – April 15, 1861) was a French civil engineer and a pioneer designer of suspension bridges in the 19th century. He was a medical officer in the army before becoming a bridge designer. Chaley pioneered the construction of suspension bridge cables by bringing together individual wire strands in mid-air, a technique later known as aerial spinning. Previously, the entire cable had been bound together before lifting into place, but Chaley's system, inspired by the ideas of Louis Vicat, allowed considerably longer cables to be erected at less cost. He built the Grand Pont Suspendu at"
"Britannia Bridge Britannia Bridge () is a bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. It was originally designed and built by the noted railway engineer Robert Stephenson as a tubular bridge of wrought iron rectangular box-section spans for carrying rail traffic. Its importance was to connect to the port of Holyhead and facilitate a sea link to Dublin, Ireland; it also formed a critical link of the Chester and Holyhead Railway's route, enabling trains to directly travel between London and the port of Holyhead. During March 1966, the Britannia Bridge received Grade"
"reservoirs at Barnes to Hammersmith and other parts of London were designed by him). He designed the first suspension bridge to span the River Thames in London: Hammersmith Bridge, opened in 1827. He also designed the Marlow Bridge, a suspension bridge across the Thames in Marlow, Buckinghamshire (built 1829–32) and Norfolk Bridge, a suspension bridge over the River Adur in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex (designed with Captain Samuel Brown, opened in 1834, replaced in 1923). Internationally, he is revered for his design of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge across the Danube in Budapest, Hungary, for which Marlow Bridge was a nearly identical,"
"Thomas Telford's Conwy Suspension Bridge of 1826. After Stephenson's appointment as chief engineer, the design was changed because a suspension bridge was considered unsuitable for trains. Stephenson and his collaborators invented the wrought-iron box-girder structure to bridge the River Conwy in a single span. During May 1846, groundwork for the bridge commenced. The architect Francis Thompson dressed the pylons at either end as barbicans, with crenellated turrets, arrow slits and bartizans to complement the adjacent Conwy Castle. Unusually, the tubes were completed onshore before being attached to pontoons, floated along the river and jacked into position between the abutments. The"
"to have survived. Taper suspension bridge The taper suspension bridge (also known as the taper principle) is a bridge design patented by James Dredge in 1836. On a conventional suspension bridge the whole deck is suspended on vertical cables, rods or chains from a single cable or chain slung between two supporting towers. The taper suspension bridge that James Dredge devised in the early nineteenth century differs from the conventional suspension bridge design in that it is, in effect, a double cantilever bridge. Each of the opposing cantilever systems are self-supporting. The cantilever half-deck structure of each cantilever is suspended"
"first important modern suspension bridge"". The first chain bridge on the German speaking territories was the Chain Bridge in Nuremberg. The Clifton Suspension Bridge (designed in 1831, completed in 1864 with a 214 m central span) is one of the longest of the parabolic arc chain type. The current Marlow suspension bridge was designed by William Tierney Clark and was built between 1829 and 1832, replacing a wooden bridge further downstream which collapsed in 1828. It is the only suspension bridge across the non-tidal Thames. The Széchenyi Chain Bridge, spanning the River Danube in Budapest, was also designed by William"
"Danjiang Bridge The Danjiang Bridge (), also known as Tamkang Bridge, is a proposed road and light rail bridge spanning the mouth of the Tamsui River, which will link Bali and Tamsui in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The bridge was designed by architect Dame Zaha Hadid. It will be a single-tower, asymmetric cable-stayed bridge with a long road, rail and pedestrian deck supported by a single 200-metre-high pylon. When completed, the bridge will be the longest single-tower, cable-stayed bridge in the world. The bridge was commissioned by the Directorate General of Highways, and was designed to provide connection to the"
"Taper suspension bridge The taper suspension bridge (also known as the taper principle) is a bridge design patented by James Dredge in 1836. On a conventional suspension bridge the whole deck is suspended on vertical cables, rods or chains from a single cable or chain slung between two supporting towers. The taper suspension bridge that James Dredge devised in the early nineteenth century differs from the conventional suspension bridge design in that it is, in effect, a double cantilever bridge. Each of the opposing cantilever systems are self-supporting. The cantilever half-deck structure of each cantilever is suspended on angled chains"
"competition in 1912, accepting submissions for any design type. Completed in 1927, the winning engineers drew inspiration for their design from the French engineer Albert Gisclard. Gisclard developed an innovative suspension system that involved the addition of suspender cables to a bridge's diagonal stays. This allowed for the removal of the main parabolic suspension cable characteristic of most suspension bridges. This design omission resulted in a structure's increased stiffness. At first glance, the bridge's two masonry towers and steel superstructure evoke the well-known suspension bridges built by engineers like John Roebling and his contemporaries. Adapting Gisclard's suspension system, however, the"
"Monorail Suspension Bridge Monorail Suspension Bridge is one of the many bridges in Putrajaya, Malaysia. It was built to link several important landmarks in the Putrajaya area like the Putrajaya Convention Centre, Putra Mosque and the Government Administrative Complex in Parcel E. The bridge's main span has a length of approximately 240 metres and width of 10 metres. It is owned by Putrajaya Holdings Sdn. Bhd. and was designed by PJS International Sdn. Bhd. The project halted in 2004 because the government had not approved further funding. The stalled project has often been described as the missing link of the"
"Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge The Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge, which stood from 1855 to 1897 across the Niagara River, was the world's first working railway suspension bridge. It spanned and stood downstream of Niagara Falls, where it connected Niagara Falls, Ontario, to Niagara Falls, New York. Trains used the upper of its two decks, pedestrians and carriages the lower. The brainchild of Canadian politicians, the bridge was built by one American and one Canadian company. It was most commonly called the Suspension Bridge; other names included Niagara Railway Suspension Bridge, Niagara Suspension Bridge, and its official American name, the International"
"of Parliament in 1824 and work on site began the following year. It was the first suspension bridge over the River Thames and was designed by William Tierney Clark. The bridge had a clear water-way of . Its suspension towers were above the level of the roadway, where they were thick. The roadway was slightly curved upwards, above high water, and the extreme length from the back of the piers on shore was , supporting of roadway. There were eight chains, composed of wrought-iron bars, each five inches deep and one thick. Four of these had six bars in each"
"Galton Bridge Galton Bridge () is a canal bridge in Smethwick, West Midlands, England built by Thomas Telford in 1829. It spans Telford's Birmingham Canal Navigations New Main Line carrying Roebuck Lane. When it was constructed, its single span of 151 feet (46 metres) was the highest in the world (the Menai Suspension Bridge was longest). Originally a road bridge it is now restricted to pedestrians. It is a Grade I listed building, and lends its name to the adjacent Smethwick Galton Bridge railway station. It is similar to Holt Fleet Bridge, Telford's Grade II listed bridge over the River"
"II listed status. Decades prior to the building of the Britannia Bridge, the Menai Suspension Bridge had been completed, but this structure carried a road rather than track; there was no rail connection to Anglesey prior to its construction. After many years of deliberation and proposals, on 30 June 1845, a Parliamentary Bill covering the construction of the Britannia Bridge received royal assent. At the Admiralty's insistence, the bridge elements were required to be relatively high in order to permit the passage of a fully rigged man-of-war. In order to meet the diverse requirements, Stephenson, the project's chief engineer, performed"