"earlier authors had mainly relied on was shown to be highly homoplasious. A number of species, such as ""G. nivalis"" and ""G. elwesii"" demonstrated intraspecific biogeographical clades, indicating problems with speciation and there may be a need for recircumscription. These clades were assigned names, partly according to Davis' previous groupings. In this model clade Platyphyllus is sister to the rest of the genus. By contrast another study performed at the same time, using both nuclear and chloroplast DNA but limited to the 14 species found in Turkey, largely confirmed Davis' series and subseries, and with biogeographical correlation. Series ""Galanthus"" in"
"bulbs of ""Galanthus nivalis"" (common snowdrop) by the Bulgarian chemist D. Paskov and his team in 1956. The active ingredient was extracted, identified, and studied, in particular in relation to its acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting properties. The first industrial process was developed in 1959. In addition to uses in Alzheimer's disease, galantamine has been used to treat myasthenia, myopathy, muscular dystrophy, and sensory and motor dysfunction associated with disorders of the central nervous system. In Homer's ""Odyssey"" the god Hermes gives Odysseus an herb with ""a black root, but milklike flower"" called ""moly"", which Hermes claims will make Odysseus immune to the"
"Helianthus niveus Helianthus niveus is a species of sunflower known by the common names showy sunflower and snowy sunflower. It is native to northern Mexico (Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur) and the Southwestern United States (Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and West Texas). ""H. niveus"" is a taprooted annual or perennial sunflower growing to a maximum height over 1 m (40 in). The leaves are oval or lance-shaped, often with irregular lobes or teeth, and are covered in soft, white hairs. The flower heads are fringed with 13-21 bright yellow ray florets up to 2.5 cm (1 in) long"
"""Helianthus"" is derived from Greek, meaning 'sun-flower' ('heli' meaning 'sun', and 'anthus', as in 'anther', meaning 'flower'). As the large, yellow-gold heads of many species tend to follow the sun, the Italian-derived 'girare-sole', literally meaning 'turning sun', is also a cognate with 'Jerusalem', as in Jerusalem Artichoke. ""Nuttallii"" is named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), a grower of American plants at Rainhill in Lancashire, though he lived in Long Preston in Yorkshire. Helianthus nuttallii subsp. nuttallii Helianthus nuttallii subsp. nuttallii, also known by the common name Nuttall's sunflower is a subspecies of ""Helianthus nuttallii"" in the genus ""Helianthus"" in the family"
"and are 8–12 mm long and 4–6 cm wide. Its flowers are red and panicle-shaped, with tube-shaped elongated petals 3.5 cm long. Clinacanthus nutans Clinacanthus nutans is a species of plant in Acanthaceae family. It is also known by the common names ""belalai gajah"" (Malay), ""phaya yo"" (Thai), ""Sabah snake grass"", ""ki tajam"" (Sunda), and ""dandang gendis"" (Jawa). This plant is used in the traditional herbal medicines of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and China. It has been used in Indonesia in the treatment of dysentery and diabetes. ""C. nutans"" is a herbaceous plant that grows in low shrubs up to 2.5"
"Clinacanthus nutans Clinacanthus nutans is a species of plant in Acanthaceae family. It is also known by the common names ""belalai gajah"" (Malay), ""phaya yo"" (Thai), ""Sabah snake grass"", ""ki tajam"" (Sunda), and ""dandang gendis"" (Jawa). This plant is used in the traditional herbal medicines of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and China. It has been used in Indonesia in the treatment of dysentery and diabetes. ""C. nutans"" is a herbaceous plant that grows in low shrubs up to 2.5 meters high. Its stems are green, woody, upright and cylindrical. Its leaves are green, simple, lanceolate with pointed tips and rounded bases,"
"numerous named cultivars of ""G. nivalis"", single, semi-double, double and ""poculiform"" (meaning goblet or cup-shaped, this refers to flowers with inner segments that are almost the same shape and length as the outer ones). Apart from these traits they differ particularly in the size and markings of the flower and the period of flowering; other characteristics are less obvious to the untrained eye and are mainly of interest to ""galanthophiles"". In the UK and Ireland, many gardens open specially in February for visitors to admire the flowers. These displays may attract large numbers of sightseers. Some feature extensive displays of"
"Genicanthus Genicanthus is a genus of marine angelfishes in the family Pomacanthidae. Known commonly as swallowtail or lyretail angelfish, these fishes are so-named for the distinctive shape of their tailfins. This genus of angels, in comparison to the other species found in hobby aquaria, are a good choice for beginners as they do not get nearly as large as some of the others. Another unique attribute is that swallowtail angels will tolerate each other and can be kept in pairs or as a single male with a harem, though it is typically best to add them to a tank at"
"surrounding a center of yellow to purple-red disc florets. Helianthus niveus Helianthus niveus is a species of sunflower known by the common names showy sunflower and snowy sunflower. It is native to northern Mexico (Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur) and the Southwestern United States (Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and West Texas). ""H. niveus"" is a taprooted annual or perennial sunflower growing to a maximum height over 1 m (40 in). The leaves are oval or lance-shaped, often with irregular lobes or teeth, and are covered in soft, white hairs. The flower heads are fringed with 13-21 bright yellow"
"×allenii"" has never been found in the wild since then, so one can only speculate where the cross occurred and what other species may have been involved. It is a handsome plant with broad, greenish-grey foliage and fairly large flowers which smell of bitter almonds. Margery Fish at East Lambrook Manor was another enthusiast and popularizer of ""Galanthus nivalis"" and its varieties in the 1950s and 1960s. Notable modern galanthophiles include the late Primrose Warburg (1920–1996), after whom ""G."" 'Primrose Warburg' is named: appropriately, it has yellow markings and a yellow ovary (primroses are generally green). She was married to"
"'turning sun', is also a cognate with 'Jerusalem', as in Jerusalem Artichoke. ""Nuttallii"" is named for Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), a grower of American plants at Rainhill in Lancashire, though he lived in Long Preston in Yorkshire. ""Parishii"" is named for Samuel Bonsall Parish and William Fletcher Parish, California botanists. Helianthus nuttallii subsp. parishii Helianthus nuttallii subsp. parishii is a subspecies of the species ""Helianthus nuttallii"" in the genus ""Helianthus"", family Asteraceae. It is also known by the common names Los Angeles sunflower and Parish's sunflower. This subspecies has not been seen, in the wild or in cultivation, since 1937. Inhabits"
"In fact, some insects thrive on a high-nickel diet, such as the mirid bug ""Melanotrichus boydi"", which specializes on this plant. The plant's ability to draw relatively large amounts of nickel from the soil make it of interest as an agent of phytoremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. Streptanthus polygaloides Streptanthus polygaloides is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name milkwort jewelflower. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills of California, where it grows in woodlands and chaparral, generally on serpentine soils. ""Streptanthus polygaloides"" is quite variable in morphology. In general,"
"Phyllanthus niruri Phyllanthus niruri is a widespread tropical plant commonly found in coastal areas, known by the common names gale of the wind, stonebreaker or seed-under-leaf. It is a relative of the spurges, belonging to the genus ""Phyllanthus"" of the family Phyllanthaceae. It grows tall and bears ascending herbaceous branches. The bark is smooth and light green. It bears numerous pale green flowers which are often flushed with red. The fruits are tiny, smooth capsules containing seeds. ""Phyllanthus niruri"" has been used in Ayurveda for problems of the stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney, and spleen, and to treat chronic fever."
"Linanthus maculatus Linanthus maculatus (formerly ""Gilia maculata"") is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names San Bernardino Mountain gilia and Little San Bernardino Mountains gilia. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a few locales in the Little San Bernardino Mountains and the adjacent Palm Springs area in the northern end of the Coachella Valley. The largest populations, which may contain thousands of individuals, are located within the bounds of Joshua Tree National Park. This is a very small annual herb no more than three centimeters high. It has"
"""Phyllanthus niruri"" has been investigated for its potential medicinal benefits. A 2010 review found some evidence that it might be effective at inhibiting kidney stone formation. A Cochrane review from 2011 found that there is ""no convincing evidence that phyllanthus, compared with placebo, benefits patients with chronic HBV (Hepatitis B Virus) infection."" Phyllanthus niruri Phyllanthus niruri is a widespread tropical plant commonly found in coastal areas, known by the common names gale of the wind, stonebreaker or seed-under-leaf. It is a relative of the spurges, belonging to the genus ""Phyllanthus"" of the family Phyllanthaceae. It grows tall and bears ascending"
"off-road vehicle damage in the wide open sandy flats where it grows. Linanthus maculatus Linanthus maculatus (formerly ""Gilia maculata"") is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common names San Bernardino Mountain gilia and Little San Bernardino Mountains gilia. It is endemic to California, where it is known only from a few locales in the Little San Bernardino Mountains and the adjacent Palm Springs area in the northern end of the Coachella Valley. The largest populations, which may contain thousands of individuals, are located within the bounds of Joshua Tree National Park. This is a"
"Kali tragus Kali tragus is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is known by various common names such as prickly Russian thistle, windwitch, or common saltwort. It is widely known simply as tumbleweed because in many regions of the United States, it is the most common and most conspicuous species of tumbleweed. Informally, it also is known as ""salsola"", which was its generic name until fairly recently. ""Kali tragus"" is native to Eurasia, but in the 1870s, it appeared in South Dakota when flaxseed from Russia turned out to be contaminated with ""Kali"" seeds. Although it"
"Russia, Canada, Alaska and Greenland. The plant was first described by Carl Linnaeus in ""Flora Lapponica"" (1737), as a result of his Lapland voyage. Some populations from the Canadian Province of Quebec have been recognized as a distinct species by some authors, a variety of ""M. nivalis"" others: is distinguished from var. ""nivalis"" by smaller inflorescences and narrower leaves. It is known only from the Shickshock Mountains of the Gaspé Peninsula of southeastern Québec. It has been suggested that this may be a hybrid of ""M. nivalis"" and ""M. tenuis;"" further study is warranted. Micranthes nivalis Micranthes nivalis is a"
"Alpinia galanga Alpinia galanga (also ""Languas galanga""), a plant in the ginger family, is an herb used in cooking, especially in Indonesian and Thai cuisines. It is one of four plants known as galangal and is differentiated from the others with the common name greater galangal (or simply Thai galangal). The galangals are also called blue ginger or Thai ginger. ""Alpinia galanga"" is called """" in Indonesian and is the most common form of galangal used in cooking. It is also known as ""lengkuas"" and galanga root. In the Philippines, it is known as ""langkawas"". In Manipuri, it is known"
"James Allen (nurseryman) James Allen (1830 – 1906), known as the ""Snowdrop King,"" was a nurseryman and galanthophile of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, United Kingdom, known principally for his hybridizations of snowdrops and anemones. He is credited with the discovery of ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" (1883). Allen spotted ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" amongst a batch of bulbs that had been imported from the Caucasus. Originally classed as a species, this strongly scented snowdrop is now thought to be a hybrid. It is described as being ""intermediate in appearance between ""G. caucasicus"" [ now ""G. elwesii"" var. ""monostictus"" ] and ""G. ikariae"""", and may be a"
"Helianthus gracilentus Helianthus gracilentus is a species of sunflower known by the common name slender sunflower. It is native to central and southern California (from Napa County to San Diego County) and Baja California, where it is a member of the dry wildfire-prone chaparral ecosystem. ""Helianthus gracilentus"" is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot to heights anywhere between one half and two meters (20-60 inches). The lance-shaped, pointed leaves are smooth-edged or slightly toothed and up to about 11 centimeters (4.4 inches) long. The long, slender stems and foliage are covered in rough hairs. The inflorescence bears flower"
"natural hybrid between those species. James Allen (nurseryman) James Allen (1830 – 1906), known as the ""Snowdrop King,"" was a nurseryman and galanthophile of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, United Kingdom, known principally for his hybridizations of snowdrops and anemones. He is credited with the discovery of ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" (1883). Allen spotted ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" amongst a batch of bulbs that had been imported from the Caucasus. Originally classed as a species, this strongly scented snowdrop is now thought to be a hybrid. It is described as being ""intermediate in appearance between ""G. caucasicus"" [ now ""G. elwesii"" var. ""monostictus"" ] and ""G."
"Helianthus nuttallii subsp. parishii Helianthus nuttallii subsp. parishii is a subspecies of the species ""Helianthus nuttallii"" in the genus ""Helianthus"", family Asteraceae. It is also known by the common names Los Angeles sunflower and Parish's sunflower. This subspecies has not been seen, in the wild or in cultivation, since 1937. Inhabits marshy areas less than 500m above sea level in central western and southwestern California. ""Helianthus"" is derived from Greek, meaning 'sun-flower' ('heli' meaning 'sun', and 'anthus', as in 'anther', meaning 'flower'). As the large, yellow-gold heads of many species tend to follow the sun, the Italian-derived 'girare-sole', literally meaning"
"Caulanthus Caulanthus is a genus of plants in the mustard family. Plants of this genus may be known as jewelflowers. They are also often referred to as wild cabbage, although this common name usually refers to wild variants of ""Brassica oleraceae"", the cabbage plant. Jewelflowers are native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where they are often found in warm, arid regions. Many species have an enlarged, erect stem rising from a basal rosette of leaves. Flowers arise directly from the surface of the stem; many species have colorful, bell-shaped flowers. The best-known of the fourteen species is"
"Actinotus helianthi Actinotus helianthi, known as the flannel flower, is a common species of flowering plant native to the bushland around Sydney. Despite its appearance, it is not a member of the daisy family but rather a species of the Apiaceae (formerly Mackinlayaceae) family, the same family as the carrot. Its generic name, meaning ""furnished with rays"", is derived from the Greek stem ""aktin-""/ακτιν- ""ray"" or ""spoke of a wheel"" or ""sunbeam"", while its specific epithet is derived from its resemblance to the genus ""Helianthus"". An iconic Sydney plant, its floral display has horticultural appeal which has seen limited use"
"Helianthus laevigatus Helianthus laevigatus is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name smooth sunflower. It is native to the east-central and southeastern United States from Georgia to Maryland. ""Helianthus laevigatus"" is a perennial herb up to 220 cm (over 7 feet) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Most of the leaves are on the stem rather than crowded around the base, each leaf up to 15 cm (6 inches) long. Leaves and stems generally have no hairs, and the undersides of the leaves sometimes appear pale because of a layer of wax on the surface."
"Helianthus Helianthus or sunflower () is a genus of plants comprising about 70 species. Except for three species in South America, all ""Helianthus"" species are native to North America. The common name, ""sunflower"", typically refers to the popular annual species ""Helianthus annuus"", or the common sunflower, whose round flower heads in combination with the ligules look like the sun. This and other species, notably Jerusalem artichoke (""H. tuberosus""), are cultivated in temperate regions and some tropical regions as food crops for humans, cattle, and poultry, and as ornamental plants. Perennial sunflower species are not as common in garden use due"
"widely grown by collectors. He also raised hybrids which he called ""G."" 'Galatea' and ""G."" 'Robin Hood', but the plants now grown under those names today may not be the same as those he selected. ""Galanthus"" x ""allenii"" is a hybrid, of unknown origin, that appeared in a batch of ""G. latifolius"" (now called ""G. platyphyllus""), which Allen had got from an Austrian supplier in 1883 (according to Bishop ""et al."" it is more likely that the bulbs were another broad-leaved species, ""G. woronowii"", often confused with ""G. platyphyllus""). The bulbs were most probably collected in the Caucasus but ""G."
"Agapanthus praecox Agapanthus praecox (common agapanthus, blue lily, African lily, or lily of the Nile) is a popular garden plant around the world, especially in Mediterranean climates. It is native of Natal and Cape of Good Hope in South Africa, local names include ""agapant"", ""bloulelie"", ""isicakathi"" and ""ubani"". Most of the cultivated plants of the genus ""Agapanthus"" are hybrids or cultivars of this species. The plant is reportedly naturalized in Great Britain, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Eritrea, Ethiopia, St. Helena, Victoria, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica and Tristan da Cunha. ""Agapanthus praecox"" is a variable species with"
"Gilia aliquanta Gilia aliquanta is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name puffcalyx gilia. It is native to the Sierra Nevada mountains and deserts of southeastern California and southern Nevada. It is a small herb producing a thin, spreading stem up to about 16 centimeters long, sometimes laced with cobwebby fibers. The fleshy, lobed leaves are each 1 to 3 centimeters long and located in a cluster around the base of the stem. The glandular inflorescence bears one or more flowers, each between one and two centimeters in total length. The base of"
"Linanthus Linanthus is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the phlox family Polemoniaceae. The species are found in western North America and in Chile, with the greatest diversity in California. The stems are erect, with multiple branches arising directly from the base, and grow 2–15 cm tall. The leaves are stem-like (""cauline"") and opposite, with shapes ranging from entire to palmately lobed, the 3-9 lobes being linear to lanceolate or spatulate. Flowers have a tubular calyx, and the corolla may be funnel- or bell-shaped, or salverform. The genus name is from the Greek for ""flax flower"", the flowers"
"just a few millimeters long, oval in shape, sometimes with a few teeth on the edges, and somewhat hairy. The inflorescence generally bears one pair of small, white flowers with tiny stamens protruding from their yellow throats. Linanthus inyoensis Linanthus inyoensis (formerly ""Gilia inyoensis"") is a species of flowering plant in the phlox family known by the common name Inyo gilia. It is native to eastern California and western Nevada, where it is a common member of the flora in several types of habitat at the western edge of the Great Basin where it meets the Sierra Nevada into the"
"best climate conditions for it to flourish in Turkey, and ""Dhafnaki"" (Δαφνάκι, ""little Daphne"") in Greece and Cyprus. It is also called ""Nithya Kalyani"" (நித்ய கல்யாணி) and ""Sudukaatu Mallikai"" in Tamil Nadu. It is called"" Nayantara"" (নয়নতারা, ""eyeball"") in Bengali.It is called ""Billa Ganneru"" (బిళ్ళ గన్నేరు) in Andhra Pradesh. Catharanthus roseus Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as the Madagascar periwinkle, rose periwinkle, or rosy periwinkle, is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, but grown elsewhere as an ornamental and medicinal plant, a source of the drugs vincristine and vinblastine, used"