"Dominicans or Blackfriars. Perhaps as a direct result, James was the last king to command from a throne at Perth; the capital was moved to Edinburgh in 1437. Perth was a focal point for the religious conflicts of the 16th century. In 1543 three men were hanged for vandalising a statue of Saint Francis. In May 1543 the Blackfriars monastery was attacked. John Knox began the Scottish Reformation from grass-roots level with a sermon against 'idolatry' in the burgh kirk of St. John the Baptist on 11 May 1559. An inflamed mob quickly destroyed the altars in the Kirk, then"
"""capital of Scotland"" and the ""Paris of Scotland"" 1367: David II begins work on major fortifications at castle 1371: David II dies unexpectedly at the castle 1384: Duke of Lancaster extorts ransom following end of truce 1385: Richard II of England burns the town 1386: Robert II grants ground for building of a tolbooth 1387: Five new chapels are added to the Church of St Giles following English damage in 1385 1398: Edinburgh buys the east bank of the Water of Leith at South Leith from Sir Robert Logan with the right to erect wharves and quays and to make"
"Edinburgh Edinburgh (; ; ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (or Edinburghshire), it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland. The city's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, literature,"
"Street); Crosswynd Port (now Crosswynd) East Port; Tolbooth Port (bottom of Bruce Street) and West Port (middle of St Catherines Wynd). Dunfermline would remain as the capital of Scotland until the brutal murder of James I at Perth in 1437. The royal family felt safer in Edinburgh Castle, as burghs such as Dunfermline and Stirling could not provide protection in defense of the nobles. The relocation of the Scottish courts to London being the result of the union of the crowns drawn up in 1603 saw the loss of the city's royal connections. A subsequent fire in 1624, saw a"
"the smaller western islands of Scotland, and Mann. At a later date his successors took the title of (King of Mann and of the Isles). The kingdom's capital was on St Patrick's Isle, where Peel Castle was built on the site of a Celtic monastery. Olaf, Godred's son, exercised considerable power, and according to the Chronicle, maintained such close alliance with the kings of Ireland and Scotland that no one ventured to disturb the Isles during his time (1113–1152). In 1156, his son, Godred (reigned 1153–1158), who for a short period ruled over Dublin also, lost the smaller islands off"
"roads through the lands of Restalrig (the later Easter Road) for the transport of goods and merchandise to and from the town 1400: Henry IV attempts to storm castle when Robert III refuses homage. 1403: The earliest burgh record mentions the ""Pretorio burgi"" – the Old Tolbooth 1414: Edinburgh is granted further lands at Leith by Sir Robert Logan 1427: King's Wall first recorded 1437: The murder of James I at Perth leads to Edinburgh becoming the main royal residence and site of Parliaments, hence seen increasingly as the capital of Scotland 1438: The Old Tolbooth is used by the"
"Royal Court of Scotland The Royal Court of Scotland was the administrative, political and artistic centre of the Kingdom of Scotland. It emerged in the tenth century and continued until it ceased to function when James VI inherited the throne of England in 1603. For most of the medieval era, the king had no ""capital"" as such. The Pictish centre of Forteviot was the chief royal seat of the early Gaelic Kingdom of Alba that became the Kingdom of Scotland. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Scone was a centre for royal business. Edinburgh only began to emerge as the"
"City', and the agreement with Kyoto Prefecture is officially styled as a 'Friendship Link', reflecting its status as the only region to be twinned with Edinburgh. For a list of consulates in Edinburgh see List of diplomatic missions in Scotland. Edinburgh Edinburgh (; ; ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (or Edinburghshire), it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the"
"century and initiated changes that eventually made the township the de facto capital of Scotland for much of the period until the assassination of James I in 1437. Following her marriage to King Malcolm III, Queen Margaret encouraged her husband to convert the small culdee chapel into a church for Benedictine monks. The existing culdee church was no longer able to meet the demand for its growing congregation because of a large increase in the population of Dunfermline from the arrival of English nobility coming into Scotland. The founding of this new church of Dunfermline was inaugurated around 1072, but"
"to the Crown, though the date of its charter is unknown. The first documentary evidence of the medieval burgh is a royal charter, , by King David I granting a toft in to the Priory of Dunfermline. By the middle of the 14th century, the French chronicler Jean Froissart was describing it as the capital of Scotland (c. 1365), and James III (1451–88) referred to it in the 15th century as ""the principal burgh of our kingdom"". Despite the destruction caused by an English assault in 1544, the town slowly recovered, and was at the centre of events in the"
"The Canongate The Canongate is a district of Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. The name is inherited from the burgh of the Canongate founded by David I of Scotland c.1143. It was bought by the adjacent city of Edinburgh in 1636 but it remained a semi-autonomous burgh under its own administration of bailies chosen by Edinburgh magistrates, until its formal incorporation into the city in 1856. The burgh gained its name from the route that the canons of Holyrood Abbey took to Edinburgh - the canons' way or the canons' gait, from the Scots word ""gait"" meaning ""way"". In"
"the Glorious Revolution in 1688 and would never be repaired. Royal Court of Scotland The Royal Court of Scotland was the administrative, political and artistic centre of the Kingdom of Scotland. It emerged in the tenth century and continued until it ceased to function when James VI inherited the throne of England in 1603. For most of the medieval era, the king had no ""capital"" as such. The Pictish centre of Forteviot was the chief royal seat of the early Gaelic Kingdom of Alba that became the Kingdom of Scotland. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Scone was a centre"
"and the arms of the University. The motto is ""Sic itur ad astra"" meaning 'thus you shall go to the stars', a quote from Virgil's ""Aeneid"". Walter Scott named ""Chronicles of the Canongate"" (1820s) after the area. The Canongate The Canongate is a district of Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. The name is inherited from the burgh of the Canongate founded by David I of Scotland c.1143. It was bought by the adjacent city of Edinburgh in 1636 but it remained a semi-autonomous burgh under its own administration of bailies chosen by Edinburgh magistrates, until its formal incorporation into"
"of the most important regions in Scotland. Originally the site of the Military Headquarters of the Lord High Constable of Scotland and one of the earliest Scottish Capitals, it served as an HQ to no fewer than three kings. King John I of Scotland inherited the lordship of Irvine sometime in the mid-13th century. Robert the Bruce, in an attempt to seize John's lands, made sure that he secured the town. From Bruce it passed to his grandson Robert the Steward, future King Robert II of Scotland. Irvine is the site of an incident in 1296 during the Scottish Wars"
"History of Edinburgh The area around modern-day Edinburgh has been inhabited for thousands of years. Its origins as a settlement can be traced to the early Middle Ages when a hillfort was established in the area, most likely on the Castle Rock. From the seventh to the tenth centuries it was part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria, becoming thereafter a royal residence of the Scottish kings. The town that developed next to the stronghold was established by royal charter in the early 12th century, and by the middle of the 14th century was being described as the capital of"
"Mints of Scotland There were a number of mints in Scotland, for the production of the Scottish coinage. The most important mint was in the capital, Edinburgh, which was active from the reign of David I (1124–1153), and was the last to close, in the 19th century. Carlisle was probably the first Scottish mint in 1136. According to Bateson, David I began to mint coins after capturing the city. Mints at Bamburgh and Corbridge in Northumberland, under the control of David's son Henry, Earl of Northumberland, later returned to English control. Under Alexander III (1249–1286) there were 16 mints. In"
"Canonmills Canonmills is a district of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It lies to the south east of the Royal Botanic Garden at Inverleith, east of Stockbridge and west of Bellevue, in a low hollow north of Edinburgh's New Town. The area was formerly a loch which was drained in three phases in the 18th and 19th centuries, disappearing finally in 1865. Formerly a small village, Canonmills owes its origins and name, in the same way as the Canongate, to the Augustinian canons of Holyrood Abbey who operated a mill here from the 12th century. It is shown pictorially as"
"I ceded what is now southeast Scotland (called Lothian) to the Kingdom of Scotland, in return for the King of Scotland's loyalty. This final cession established what would become the traditional borders of England which have remained largely unchanged since then (except for occasional and temporary changes). This area of land had previously been a part of the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria. Lothian contained what later became the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. This arrangement was later finalised in 1237 by the Treaty of York. The Duchy of Aquitaine came into personal union with the Kingdom of England upon the accession of"
"now a scheduled monument. Inverlochy Castle Inverlochy Castle is a ruined, 13th-century castle near Inverlochy and Fort William, Highland, Scotland. The site of two battles, the castle remains largely unchanged since its construction. It is now in the care of Historic Scotland. Inverlochy Castle was built ""circa"" 1270–1280 by John ""the Black"" Comyn, Lord of Badenoch and Lochaber, and chief of the Clan Comyn. It may have been built on the site of an earlier Pictish fortification and settlement, which the historian Hector Boece (1465–1536) records as a ""city"" that was destroyed by Vikings. When Robert the Bruce succeeded to"
"from Iona to come to convert the English. A monastery at Lindisfarne was the centre of production of the Lindisfarne Gospels (around 700). It became the home of St Cuthbert (about 634–687, abbot from about 665), who is buried in Durham Cathedral. Bamburgh is the historic capital of Northumberland, the royal castle from before the unification of the Kingdoms of England under the monarchs of the House of Wessex in the 10th century. The Earldom of Northumberland was briefly held by the Scottish royal family by marriage between 1139–1157 and 1215–1217. Scotland relinquished all claims to the region as part"
"Inverlochy Castle Inverlochy Castle is a ruined, 13th-century castle near Inverlochy and Fort William, Highland, Scotland. The site of two battles, the castle remains largely unchanged since its construction. It is now in the care of Historic Scotland. Inverlochy Castle was built ""circa"" 1270–1280 by John ""the Black"" Comyn, Lord of Badenoch and Lochaber, and chief of the Clan Comyn. It may have been built on the site of an earlier Pictish fortification and settlement, which the historian Hector Boece (1465–1536) records as a ""city"" that was destroyed by Vikings. When Robert the Bruce succeeded to the Scottish throne in"
"and the subsequent period of instability in Scotland was lamented in an early Scots poem recorded by Andrew of Wyntoun in his Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland. In 1886, a monument to Alexander III was erected at the approximate location of his death in Kinghorn. Alexander III has been depicted in historical novels. They include: Alexander III of Scotland Alexander III (Medieval Gaelic: ""Alaxandair mac Alaxandair""; Modern Gaelic: ""Alasdair mac Alasdair"") (4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death in 1286. Alexander was born at Roxburgh, the only son of Alexander II by"
"Scottish capital than the Caledonian's route via Stirling and the central lowlands in 1890 - this left the existing Ladybank line at and headed south via Glenfarg to Mawcarse, where it joined the Fife and Kinross Railway's line to Kinross. Trains could then travel via , Dunfermline and the newly opened Forth Rail Bridge to reach Edinburgh. The Almond Valley line to & was an early post-nationalisation casualty, closing to passengers in October 1951. The Ladybank service followed suit in September 1955. The major losses though came as the result of the Beeching Axe and its aftermath in the mid-to-late"
"responsible for historic monuments in Scotland, such as Stirling Castle. The Old and New Town of Edinburgh is a notable Scottish World Heritage site. Balmoral Castle is the main Scottish residence of the Queen. The Wallace Monument in Stirling contains artifacts believed to have belonged to Sir William Wallace, including the Wallace Sword. The Rob Roy Way, named after Scottish folk hero and outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor, is a long distance footpath that runs for 92 miles. A statue of Robert the Bruce and a large monument and visitor centre (operated by the National Trust for Scotland) is located in"
"the principal town of its Scottish settlement. The name comes from ""Dùn Èideann"", the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the Scottish capital. Charles Kettle the city's surveyor, instructed to emulate the characteristics of Edinburgh, produced a striking, 'Romantic' design. The result was both grand and quirky streets as the builders struggled and sometimes failed to construct his bold vision across the challenging landscape. Captain William Cargill, a veteran of the war against Napoleon, was the secular leader. The Reverend Thomas Burns, a nephew of the poet Robert Burns, was the spiritual guide. The Ulster Scots (Ulster-Scots: Ulstèr-Scotch), commonly known as"
"trams stops are Saughton and Balgreen. Stenhouse, Edinburgh Stenhouse is a suburb of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It lies to the west of the City Centre, adjacent to Whitson and Saughton Mains and close to Broomhouse and Chesser. It is a mainly residential area. The area derives its name from the Stanhope or Stenhope family who held land and mills near the Water of Leith from 1511 to 1621. Early references are variously to Stennop Milne (1576), Stanehope mylnes (1578), Stanehopps (1585), Stenhopmilne (1630) until, in 1773, the name Stenhouse Mill appears. The oldest building, now known as Stenhouse"
"Moredun Moredun is a district of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is east of Liberton, while Craigour is situated just to its north. Originally a mansion called Gut-tres or Goodtrees, the estate was renamed Moredun House in 1769 by David Stuart Moncrieff in recognition of a hill on his Perthshire estate. The house was acquired in 1923 to convert into a convalescent home for ex-servicemen. It was instead found unsuitable and demolished. The facility was instead created in the form of the Murray Homes for the Scottish Veterans Association in 1929. Part of the estate was also sold in"
"the Scots. In 1303 Sir Alexander de Forbes failed to hold off another English assault. This time Edward installed as governor Alexander Comyn, brother of John, as the family had sided with the English against Robert Bruce. Following his murder of the Red Comyn in 1306, Bruce completed his defeat of the Comyns when he marched through the Great Glen in 1307, taking the castles of Inverlochy, Urquhart and Inverness. After this time Urquhart became a royal castle, held for the crown by a series of constables. Sir Robert Lauder of Quarrelwood was constable of Urquhart Castle in 1329. After"
"Scottish kings in this period had to be crowned there by the Mormaers of Strathearn and Fife. Although King David I tried to build up Roxburgh as a capital, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, more charters were issued at Scone than any other location. Other popular locations were nearby Perth, Stirling, Dunfermline and Edinburgh. In the earliest part of this era, Forres and Dunkeld seem to have been the chief royal residences. Records from the Scandinavian-held lands are much-less well documented by comparison. Udal law formed the basis of the legal system and it is known that the Hebrides"
"late Middle Ages Scots, derived mainly from Old English, became the dominant language. In the middle of this period, through a process of conquest, consolidation and treaty, the boundaries of Scotland were gradually extended from a small area under direct control of the kings of Alba in the east, to almost its modern borders. For most of the Medieval era the monarchy and court was itinerant, with Scone and Dunfermline acting as important centres and later Roxburgh, Stirling and Perth, before Edinburgh emerged as the political capital in the fourteenth century. Largely as a result of Viking raids from about"
"Alexander III of Scotland Alexander III (Medieval Gaelic: ""Alaxandair mac Alaxandair""; Modern Gaelic: ""Alasdair mac Alasdair"") (4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286) was King of Scots from 1249 until his death in 1286. Alexander was born at Roxburgh, the only son of Alexander II by his second wife Marie de Coucy. Alexander III was also the grandson of William the Lion. Alexander's father died on 8 July 1249 and he became king at the age of seven, inaugurated at Scone on 13 July 1249. The years of his minority featured an embittered struggle for the control of affairs between"
"Lothian Buses service 8 and Edinburgh City Council chartered Lothian and First East Lothian 18 passing through the area, with the 3, 7 and 29 services running nearby. Moredun Moredun is a district of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is east of Liberton, while Craigour is situated just to its north. Originally a mansion called Gut-tres or Goodtrees, the estate was renamed Moredun House in 1769 by David Stuart Moncrieff in recognition of a hill on his Perthshire estate. The house was acquired in 1923 to convert into a convalescent home for ex-servicemen. It was instead found unsuitable and"
"Alexander II of Scotland Alexander II (Mediaeval Gaelic: '; Modern Gaelic: '; 24 August 11986 July 1249) was King of Scots from 1214 until his death in 1249. He was born at Haddington, East Lothian, the only son of the Scottish king William the Lion and Ermengarde of Beaumont. He spent time in England (John of England knighted him at Clerkenwell Priory in 1213) before succeeding to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214, being crowned at Scone on 6 December the same year. In 1215, the year after his accession, the clans Meic Uilleim"