"Exhaust gas analyzer An exhaust gas analyser or exhaust CO analyser is an instrument for the measurement of carbon monoxide among other gases in the exhaust, caused by an incorrect combustion, the Lambda coefficient measurement is the most common. The principles used for CO sensors (and other types of gas) are infrared gas sensors (NDIR) and chemical gas sensors. ""Carbon monoxide sensors are"" used to assess the CO amount during an MOT test. In order to be used for such test it must be approved as suitable for use in the scheme. In UK a list of acceptable exhaust gas"
"J=1←0 to 182792.35 MHz for J=19←18. Tricarbon monoxide Tricarbon monoxide CO is a reactive radical oxocarbon molecule found in space, and which can be made as a transient substance in the laboratory. It can be trapped in an inert gas matrix or made as a short lived gas. CO can be classified as a ketene or an oxocumulene a kind of heterocumulene. CO has been detected by its microwave spectrum in the dark cold Taurus Molecular Cloud One and also in the protostar Elias 18. The route to produce this is speculated to be: or The related CS is more"
"Tricarbon monoxide Tricarbon monoxide CO is a reactive radical oxocarbon molecule found in space, and which can be made as a transient substance in the laboratory. It can be trapped in an inert gas matrix or made as a short lived gas. CO can be classified as a ketene or an oxocumulene a kind of heterocumulene. CO has been detected by its microwave spectrum in the dark cold Taurus Molecular Cloud One and also in the protostar Elias 18. The route to produce this is speculated to be: or The related CS is more abundant in dark molecular clouds, even"
"It is synthesised by the high pressure carbonylation of cobalt(II) salts, often in the presence of cyanide. It is an orange-colored, pyrophoric solid that is thermally unstable. It exists as two isomers in solution that rapidly interconvert. The major isomer contains two bridging CO ligands linking the Co atoms and six terminal CO ligands, three on each Co atom. It can be described by the formula (CO)Co(μ-CO)Co(CO) and has C symmetry. This structure resembles Fe(CO), but with one fewer bridging CO. The Co---Co distance is 2.52 Å, and the Co–CO and Co–CO distances are 1.80 and 1.90 Å, respectively. Analysis"
"W(CO) is a dangerous source of volatile metal as well as CO. Tungsten hexacarbonyl Tungsten hexacarbonyl (also called tungsten carbonyl) is the chemical compound with the formula W(CO). This complex gave rise to the first example of a dihydrogen complex. This colorless compound, like its chromium and molybdenum analogs, is noteworthy as a volatile, air-stable derivative of tungsten in its zero oxidation state. W(CO) is prepared by the reduction of WCl under a pressure of carbon monoxide. The compound is relatively air-stable. It is sparingly soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Tungsten carbonyl is widely used in electron beam-induced deposition technique"
"""oxycarbons"" with formulas CO, namely CO, CO, CO, CO, ..., and to have identified the last two; however only CO is known. In 1891 Marcellin Berthelot observed that heating pure carbon monoxide at about 550 °C created small amounts of carbon dioxide but no trace of carbon, and assumed that a carbon-rich oxide was created instead, which he named ""sub-oxide"". He assumed it was the same product obtained by electric discharge and proposed the formula CO. Otto Diels later stated that the more organic names dicarbonylmethane and dioxallene were also correct. It is commonly described as an oily liquid or"
"produced from the atmosphere of Mars by zirconia electrolysis, without using any Martian water resources to obtain hydrogen, which would be needed to make methane or any hydrogen-based fuel. Likewise, blast furnace gas collected at the top of blast furnace, still contains some 10% to 30% of carbon monoxide, and is used as fuel on Cowper stoves and on Siemens-Martin furnaces on open hearth steelmaking. Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to animals that use hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier (both invertebrate and vertebrate)"
"to convert to Ru(CO). Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Rh(CO). This dark-red crystalline solid is the smallest stable binary rhodium carbonyl. It is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The structure of Rh(CO) is described by a tetrahedral array of four Rh atoms with nine terminal CO ligands and three bridging CO ligands. The structure can be expressed as Rh(CO)(µ-CO). It is prepared by treatment of an aqueous solution of rhodium trichloride with activated copper metal under an atmosphere of CO. Alternatively, the compound can be prepared by treatment of a methanolic solution"
"Tungsten hexacarbonyl Tungsten hexacarbonyl (also called tungsten carbonyl) is the chemical compound with the formula W(CO). This complex gave rise to the first example of a dihydrogen complex. This colorless compound, like its chromium and molybdenum analogs, is noteworthy as a volatile, air-stable derivative of tungsten in its zero oxidation state. W(CO) is prepared by the reduction of WCl under a pressure of carbon monoxide. The compound is relatively air-stable. It is sparingly soluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Tungsten carbonyl is widely used in electron beam-induced deposition technique - it is easily vaporized and decomposed by the electron beam providing"
"intermediates in the chain growth mechanism of the Fischer-Tropsch Process, which converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels. The organophosphorus compound (CH)PCCO (CAS# 15596-07-3) contains the CO functionality. Sometimes called Bestmann's Ylide, it is a yellow solid. Dicarbon monoxide Dicarbon monoxide (CO) is a molecule that contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a linear molecule that, because of its simplicity, is of interest in a variety of areas. It is, however, so extremely reactive that it is not encountered in everyday life. It is classified as a cumulene and an oxocarbon. Dicarbon monoxide is a"
"Tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl Tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Co(CO). It is a black crystalline compound that is insoluble in water and easily oxidized by air. It is an example of a metal carbonyl cluster. This compound is synthesized by decarbonylation of Co(CO). The molecule consists of a tetrahedral Co core, but the molecular symmetry is C. Three carbonyl ligands are bridging ligands and nine are terminal. The average Co-Co distance is 2.499 Å, the average C-O bond length is 1.133 Å, and the average Co-C-O angle is 177.5°. Rh(CO) adopts the same C structure but Ir(CO) has"
"(CO + HO → CO + H) occurs in volcanic fluids with diverse catalysts or without catalysts. The combination of ferrous sulfide and hydrogen sulfide as reducing agents in conjunction with pyrite formation – FeS + HS → FeS + 2H + 2e (or H instead of 2H + 2e) – has been demonstrated under mild volcanic conditions. This key result has been disputed. Nitrogen fixation has been demonstrated for the isotope N in conjunction with pyrite formation. Ammonia forms from nitrate with FeS/HS as reductant. Methylmercaptan [CH-SH] and carbon oxysulfide [COS] form from CO and FeS/HS, or from CO"
"Dimanganese decacarbonyl Dimanganese decacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Mn(CO). This metal carbonyl is an important reagent in the organometallic chemistry of manganese. The compound was first prepared in low yield by the reduction of manganese iodide with magnesium under CO. A more efficient preparation entails reduction of anhydrous MnCl with sodium benzophenone ketyl under 200 atmospheres of CO. The availability of inexpensive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (""MMT"") has led to a low pressure route to Mn(CO). Mn(CO) has no bridging CO ligands: it can be described (CO)Mn-Mn(CO). There are two kinds of CO ligands; one CO on each"
"PCO2 The pCO, PCO, formula_1or formula_2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO), often used in reference to blood, but also used in oceanography to describe the partial pressure of CO in the Ocean, and in life support systems engineering and underwater diving to describe the partial pressure in a breathing gas. Usually the arterial blood is the relevant context; the symbol for formula_2 in arterial blood is formula_4. Measurement of formula_4 in the systemic circulation indicates the effectiveness of ventilation at the lungs' alveoli, given the diffusing capacity of the gas. It is a good indicator of respiratory"
"Chromium hexacarbonyl Chromium carbonyl, also known as chromium hexacarbonyl, is the chemical compound with the formula Cr(CO). At room temperature the solid is stable to air, although it does have a high vapor pressure and sublimes readily. Cr(CO) is zerovalent, meaning that Cr has an oxidation state of zero, and it is a homoleptic complex, which means that all the ligands are identical. The complex is octahedral with Cr–C and C–O distances of 1.91 and 1.14 Å, respectively. When heated or photolyzed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, Cr(CO) converts to Cr(CO)(THF) with loss of one CO ligand. Similarly, heating a solution"
"Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride is an organometallic compound with the formula HCo(CO). It is a volatile, yellow liquid that forms a colorless vapor and has an intolerable odor. The compound readily decomposes upon melt and ""in absentia"" of high CO partial pressures forms Co(CO). Despite operational challenges associated with its handling, the compound has received considerable attention for its ability to function as a catalyst in hydroformylation. In this respect, HCo(CO) and related derivatives have received significant academic interest for their ability to mediate a variety of carbonylation (introduction of CO into inorganic compounds) reactions. HCo(CO) adopts trigonal"
"or absence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide (CO) is typically considered the most significant greenhouse gas. Observations infer that large uplifts of mountain ranges globally result in higher chemical erosion rates, thus lowering the volume of CO in the atmosphere as well as causing global cooling. This occurs because in regions of higher elevation there are higher rates of mechanical erosion (i.e. gravity, fluvial processes) and there is constant exposure and availability of materials available for chemical weathering. The following is a simplified equation describing the consumption of CO during chemical weathering of silicates: From this"
"Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl Tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Rh(CO). This dark-red crystalline solid is the smallest stable binary rhodium carbonyl. It is used as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The structure of Rh(CO) is described by a tetrahedral array of four Rh atoms with nine terminal CO ligands and three bridging CO ligands. The structure can be expressed as Rh(CO)(µ-CO). It is prepared by treatment of an aqueous solution of rhodium trichloride with activated copper metal under an atmosphere of CO. Alternatively, the compound can be prepared by treatment of a methanolic solution of RhCl(HO) with CO"
"During the reactions mentioned, oxygen and water molecules oxidize the coal and produce a gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), water vapour (HO), and molecular hydrogen (H). (Some by-products like tar, phenols, etc. are also possible end products, depending on the specific gasification technology utilized.) This process has been conducted in-situ within natural coal seams (referred to as underground coal gasification) and in coal refineries. The desired end product is usually syngas (i.e., a combination of H + CO), but the produced coal gas may also be further refined to produce additional quantities of H: If the"
"was classified as a fraud by the FDA. Ethylene dione Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula CO or OCCO. It is the carbon-carbon covalent dimer of carbon monoxide and belongs to the oxocarbon series. Because it is a dimer, it shares an empirical formula with CO. It can be thought of as ketene of glyoxylic acid (OHCCOOH). The existence of OCCO was first suggested in 1913. However, despite its deceptively ""simple"" structure, for over a century the compound had eluded all attempts to synthesize and observe it. Such"
"Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air. It is toxic to animals that use hemoglobin as an oxygen carrier (both invertebrate and vertebrate) when encountered in concentrations above about 35 ppm, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal biological functions. In the atmosphere, it is spatially variable and short lived, having a role in the formation of ground-level ozone. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, connected by a triple bond that"
"evidence between wildfire smoke and the exacerbation of asthma. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can be found at the highest concentration at close proximity to a smoldering fire. For this reason, carbon monoxide inhalation is a serious threat to the health of wildfire firefighters. CO in smoke can be inhaled into the lungs where it is absorbed into the bloodstream and reduces oxygen delivery to the body's vital organs. At high concentrations, it can cause headache, weakness, dizziness, confusion, nausea, disorientation, visual impairment, coma and even death. However, even at lower concentrations, such as those found"
"Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cobalt(II,III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CoO. It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a mixed valence compound, its formula is sometimes written as CoCoO and sometimes as CoO•CoO. CoO adopts the normal spinel structure, with Co ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co ions in the octahedral interstices of the cubic close-packed lattice of oxide anions. Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, converts to CoO upon heating at around 600-700 °C in air. Above 900 °C, CoO is stable. These reaction are described by the following equilibrium: Cobalt(II,III) oxide"
"perfect T symmetry with no bridging CO ligands groups. The Rh and Ir clusters are more thermally robust than that of the Co compound, reflecting the usual trend in the strengths of metal-metal bond for second and third row metals vs those for the first row metals. Tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl Tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl is the chemical compound with the formula Co(CO). It is a black crystalline compound that is insoluble in water and easily oxidized by air. It is an example of a metal carbonyl cluster. This compound is synthesized by decarbonylation of Co(CO). The molecule consists of a tetrahedral Co core,"
"mix of molecular hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), molecular nitrogen (N) and water vapor (HO). This gas mixture, known as ""wood gas"", ""poor gas"" or ""syngas"" is obtained after the combustion of dry wood in a reductive environment (low in oxygen) with a limited amount of atmospheric air, at temperatures of 900° Celsius, and can fuel an internal combustion engine. In the time between World War I and World War II included, because of the lack of oil, in many countries, like Italy, France, Great Britain and Sweden, several gasoline-powered cars were modified, with the addition of"
"Ethylene dione Ethylene dione or ethylenedione, also called dicarbon dioxide, ethenedione, or ethene-1,2-dione, is a chemical compound with the formula CO or OCCO. It is the carbon-carbon covalent dimer of carbon monoxide and belongs to the oxocarbon series. Because it is a dimer, it shares an empirical formula with CO. It can be thought of as ketene of glyoxylic acid (OHCCOOH). The existence of OCCO was first suggested in 1913. However, despite its deceptively ""simple"" structure, for over a century the compound had eluded all attempts to synthesize and observe it. Such elusive nature had earned OCCO the reputation of"
"Carbon suboxide Carbon suboxide, or tricarbon dioxide, is an oxide of carbon with chemical formula CO or O=C=C=C=O. Its four cumulative double bonds make it a cumulene. It is one of the stable members of the series of linear oxocarbons O=C=O, which also includes carbon dioxide (CO) and pentacarbon dioxide (CO). Although if carefully purified it can exist at room temperature in the dark without decomposing, it will polymerize under certain conditions. The substance was discovered in 1873 by Benjamin Brodie by subjecting carbon monoxide to an electric current. He claimed that the product was part of a series of"
"gas that works by inhibiting the chain reaction of the fire and is the most toxic of the vaporizing liquids, used until the 1960s. The vapor and combustion by-products of all vaporizing liquids were highly toxic and could cause death in confined spaces. The carbon dioxide (CO) extinguisher was invented (at least in the US) by the Walter Kidde Company in 1924 in response to Bell Telephone's request for an electrically non-conductive chemical for extinguishing the previously difficult-to-extinguish fires in telephone switchboards. It consisted of a tall metal cylinder containing of CO with a wheel valve and a woven brass,"
"carbon monoxide can also be found due to the low temperature oxidation of coal. Many methods have been developed for carbon monoxide's production. A major industrial source of CO is producer gas, a mixture containing mostly carbon monoxide and nitrogen, formed by combustion of carbon in air at high temperature when there is an excess of carbon. In an oven, air is passed through a bed of coke. The initially produced CO equilibrates with the remaining hot carbon to give CO. The reaction of CO with carbon to give CO is described as the Boudouard reaction. Above 800 °C, CO"
"gas is from carbon monoxide (CO), which is a highly toxic by-product of the combustion process. Most of the concern for gas safety focuses on avoiding excessive production of CO through adequate ventilation and correct combustion, and the safe dispersal of the small amounts produced by correct combustion through effective flue systems. Modern room-sealed gas appliances are much safer in this respect and the number of fatalities from CO poisoning has greatly declined. Each year in the UK around 30 people are killed as a result of CO poisoning. Registration with CORGI was a legal requirement under the Gas Safety"
"Tetracarbon dioxide Tetracarbon dioxide is an oxide of carbon, a chemical compound of carbon and oxygen, with chemical formula CO or O=C=C=C=C=O. It can be regarded as butatriene dione, the double ketone of butatriene — more precisely 1,2,3-butatriene-1,4-dione. Butatriene dione is the fourth member of the family of linear carbon dioxides O(=C)=O, that includes carbon dioxide CO or O=C=O, ethylene dione CO or O=C=C=O, carbon suboxide CO or O=C=C=C=O, pentacarbon dioxide CO or O=C=C=C=C=C=O, and so on. The compound was obtained in 1990 by Maier and others, by flash vacuum pyrolysis of cyclic azaketones in a frozen argon matrix. It"
"alternate or supplemental engine cooling methods, some can tolerate the non-optimal formulations. Any hydrocarbon-based fuel when burned produces more air pollution than hydrogen. Hydrocarbon combustion produces carbon dioxide (CO), toxic carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and oxides of nitrogen (NO), while hydrogen (H) reacts with oxygen (O) to produce only water (HO), with some unreacted H also released. Robert H. Goddard's initial rockets used gasoline. John Drury Clark mentions in ""Ignition!"" that while the RP-1 specification was being developed, Rocketdyne was experimenting with diethyl cyclohexane. However, it offered few advantages over RP-1, and was dropped. In addition, the military"
"contribute to conductivity. The chemical reactions of carbon dioxide in water proceed according to the following reaction equation (mass action law): A) CO + 2 HO <--> HCO + HO pK = 6.3 B) HCO + 2 HO <--> CO pK = 10.3 See the graph showing relative CO concentration. After the cation exchanger, the sample pH value is generally between 5.5-6, so that means almost only CO is present as gas, and only about 6% is carbon carbonate ion CO. The bicarbonate ion (HCO) is practically absent. However, ionic components of carbon dioxide are far less dangerous to corrosion"