"gods, and Mnemosyne, Titan goddess of memory. For Alcman and Mimnermus, they were even more primordial, springing from the early deities Ouranos and Gaia. Gaia is Mother Earth, an early mother goddess who was worshipped at Delphi from prehistoric times, long before the site was rededicated to Apollo, possibly indicating a transfer to association with him after that time. Sometimes the Muses are referred to as water nymphs, associated with the springs of Helicon and with Pieris. It was said that the winged horse Pegasus touched his hooves to the ground on Helicon, causing four sacred springs to burst forth,"
"though most mythographers credit Marsyas or Athena with its invention. Some say she also invented other wind instruments. Euterpe is often depicted holding a flute in artistic renditions of her. Euterpe In Greek mythology, Euterpe (/juːˈtɜːrpiː/; Greek: Eὐτέρπη, Ancient Greek: [eu̯térpɛː]; ""rejoicing well"" or ""delight"" from Ancient Greek εὖ 'well' + τέρπειν terpein 'to please') was the one of the Muses, presiding over music. In late Classical times, she was named muse of lyric poetry. She has been called “Giver of delight” by ancient poets. Euterpe was born as one of the daughters of Mnemosyne, Titan goddess of memory, and"
"shepherd, and Mnemosyne slept together for nine consecutive nights, thus conceiving the nine Muses. Mnemosyne also presided over a pool in Hades, counterpart to the river Lethe, according to a series of 4th-century BC Greek funerary inscriptions in dactylic hexameter. Dead souls drank from Lethe so they would not remember their past lives when reincarnated. In Orphism, the initiated were taught to instead drink from the Mnemosyne, the river of memory, which would stop the transmigration of the soul. Although she was categorized as one of the Titans in the ""Theogony"", Mnemosyne did not quite fit that distinction. Titans were"
"Euterpe In Greek mythology, Euterpe (/juːˈtɜːrpiː/; Greek: Eὐτέρπη, Ancient Greek: [eu̯térpɛː]; ""rejoicing well"" or ""delight"" from Ancient Greek εὖ 'well' + τέρπειν terpein 'to please') was the one of the Muses, presiding over music. In late Classical times, she was named muse of lyric poetry. She has been called “Giver of delight” by ancient poets. Euterpe was born as one of the daughters of Mnemosyne, Titan goddess of memory, and fathered by Zeus, god of the gods. Her sisters include Calliope (muse of epic poetry), Clio (muse of history), Melpomene (muse of tragedy), Terpsichore (muse of dancing), Erato (muse of"
"Moneta In Roman mythology, Moneta (Latin Monēta) was a title given to two separate goddesses: the goddess of memory (identified with the Greek goddess Mnemosyne) and an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta (Latin Iūno Monēta). The latter's name is source of numerous words in English and the Romance languages, including the words ""money"" and ""mint"". The cult of the goddess Moneta was established largely under the influence of Greek religion that featured the cult of Mnemosyne (""Μνημοσύνη""), the goddess of memory and the mother of the Muses. The goddess's name is derived from Latin ""monēre"" (which means to remind,"
"Clio In Greek mythology, Clio (, ; , ""Kleiṓ""; ""made famous"" or ""to make famous""), also spelled Kleio, is the muse of history, or in a few mythological accounts, the muse of lyre playing. Clio, sometimes referred to as ""the Proclaimer"", is often represented with an open parchment scroll, a book, or a set of tablets. The name is etymologically derived from the Greek root κλέω/κλείω (meaning ""to recount,"" ""to make famous,"" or ""to celebrate""). Like all the muses, she is a daughter of Zeus and the Titaness Mnemosyne, goddess of memory. Along with her sister Muses, she is considered"
"which are the names of the three chords of the ancient musical instrument, the lyre. Alternatively they were called Cēphisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, whose names characterise them as daughters of Apollo. In later tradition, four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoē, Aoedē, Archē, and Meletē, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia (or of Uranus). Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias"
"followed by Acusilaus and the Orphic tradition, which enthroned Metis side by side with Eros as primal cosmogenic forces. Plato makes ""Poros"", or ""creative ingenuity"", the child of Metis. Stephen Fry mentions this at length in his popular book Mythos. Metis (mythology) Metis (; Greek: Μῆτις - ""wisdom,"" ""skill,"" or ""craft""), in ancient Greek religion, was a mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans. By the era of Greek philosophy in the 5th century BC, Metis had become the mother of wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted ""magical cunning"" and was as easily equated with"
"Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original (Boeotian) muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoide and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means ""ponder"" and ""contemplation"" in Greek. According to Pausanias in the later 2nd century AD, there were three original Muses: Aoidē (""song"" or ""voice""), Meletē (""practice"" or ""occasion""), and Mnēmē (""memory""). Together, these three form the complete picture of the preconditions of poetic art in cult practice. In Delphi three Muses were worshipped as well, but with other names: Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē,"
"paintings of Melpoméne, she is represented with a tragic mask and also often holds in her other hand a knife or club. In Greek mythology, she is the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, who had eight other daughters, Melpoméne's sisters and the eight other muses are: Calliope, muse of epic poetry; Clio, muse of history; Euterpe, muse of flute playing; Terpsichore, muse of dancing; Erato, muse of erotic poetry; Thalia muse of comedy; Polyhymnia, muse of hymns; and Urania, muse of astronomy. Reynolds was inspired not only by Sarah Siddons' extreme talent to embody the tragic heroine in Macbeth, but"
"Titan (mythology) In Greek mythology, the Titans (Greek: , ""Titán"", , ""Titânes"") and Titanesses (or Titanides; Greek: , ""Titanís"", , ""Titanídes"") were a race of deities: members of the second generation of divine beings—succeeding the primordial deities and preceding the Olympians—as well as certain descendants of this second generation. Based on Mount Othrys, the Titans most famously included the first twelve children of Gaia (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). They ruled during the legendary Golden Age, and also comprised the first pantheon of Greek deities. The first twelve Titans were the females Mnemosyne, Tethys, Theia, Phoebe, Rhea, and Themis"
"Metis (mythology) Metis (; Greek: Μῆτις - ""wisdom,"" ""skill,"" or ""craft""), in ancient Greek religion, was a mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans. By the era of Greek philosophy in the 5th century BC, Metis had become the mother of wisdom and deep thought, but her name originally connoted ""magical cunning"" and was as easily equated with the trickster powers of Prometheus as with the ""royal ""metis"""" of Zeus. The Stoic commentators allegorised Metis as the embodiment of ""prudence"", ""wisdom"" or ""wise counsel"", in which form she was inherited by the Renaissance. The Greek word ""metis"" meant"
"Melpomene Melpomene (; ), initially the Muse of Chorus, she then became the Muse of Tragedy, for which she is best known now. Her name was derived from the Greek verb melpô or melpomai meaning ""to celebrate with dance and song."" She is often represented with a tragic mask and wearing the cothurnus, boots traditionally worn by tragic actors. Often, she also holds a knife or club in one hand and the tragic mask in the other. Melpomene is the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Her sisters include Calliope (muse of epic poetry), Clio (muse of history), Euterpe (muse of"
"Thalia (Muse) Thalia (; ; ""the joyous, the flourishing"", from , ""thállein""; ""to flourish, to be verdant""), also spelled Thaleia, was the goddess who presided over comedy and idyllic poetry. In this context her name means ""flourishing"", because the praises in her songs flourish through time. She was the daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the eighth-born of the nine Muses. According to pseudo-Apollodorus, she and Apollo were the parents of the Corybantes. Other ancient sources, however, gave the Corybantes different parents. She was portrayed as a young woman with a joyous air, crowned with ivy, wearing boots and holding a"
"daughters each wear a moon amulet to symbolize their power of the moon. Menae In Greek mythology, the Menae/Menai (Μηναι; singular Mene Μηνη), 50 in number, were the goddesses of the lunar months within an Olympiad (the span of time between Olympic Games), and the phases of the moon. They were the daughters of the Titan Moon goddess, Selene, by her lover, Endymion, a mortal king of Elis and Olympia, home of the Olympic Games. Each presided over one of the 50 lunar months of the 4-year Olympiad - a basic time measurement unit for the Ancient Greeks; the eight"
"Minerva frequently features in statuary, as an image on seals, and in other forms at educational institutions. Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor."
"Calliope In Greek mythology, Calliope ( ; , ""Kalliopē"" ""beautiful-voiced"") is the muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry; so called from the ecstatic harmony of her voice. Hesiod and Ovid called her the ""Chief of all Muses"". One account says Calliope was the lover of the war god Ares, and bore him several sons: Mygdon, Edonus, Biston, and Odomantus (or Odomas), respectively the founders of Thracian tribes known as the Mygdones, Edones, Bistones, and Odomantes. Otherwise these children were attributed to her namesake Calliope, daughter of river-god Nestus. Calliope also had two famous sons, Orpheus and Linus, by"
"Andronicus in his translation of the Odyssey, and Hyginus' citation of Jupiter and Moneta as parents of the muses. The name Mnemosyne or Memory was connected to Juno Moneta who maintained in her temple an unimpeachable record of historical events. In the beginning of the hostilities with the Aurunci in 345 BC, Camillus decided to summon the aid of the gods for the conflict by vowing to build a temple to Juno Moneta. While victoriously returning to Rome, he resigned from his post and the senate appointed two commissioners to build the temple. They chose its site to be on"
"to her. A statue of her reportedly existed in the Athenian Prytaneum: There was however very few temples dedicated to Hestia. Pausanias mention only two, in Ermioni and in Sparta: Hestia is a goddess of the first Olympian generation. She was the eldest daughter of the Titans Rhea and Cronus, and sister to Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter, Hera, and Hades. Immediately after their birth, Cronus swallowed all his children (Hestia was the first who was swallowed) except the last and youngest, Zeus, who forced Cronus to disgorge his siblings and led them in a war against their father and the other"
"Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor. Jupiter forcefully impregnated the titaness Metis, which resulted in her attempting to change shape (or shapeshift) to"
"daughters of Harmonia (the daughter of Aphrodite and Ares), which contradicts the myth in which they were dancing at the wedding of Harmonia and Cadmus. The Muses had several temples and shrines in ancient Greece, their two main cult centres being Mount Helikon in Boiotia and Pieria in Makedonia. Strabo wrote: The cult of the Muses where also commonly connected to that of Apollo. Some Greek writers give the names of the nine Muses as Kallichore, Helike, Eunike, Thelxinoë, Terpsichore, Euterpe, Eukelade, Dia, and Enope. In Renaissance and Neoclassical art, the dissemination of emblem books such as Cesare Ripa's ""Iconologia"""
"Menae In Greek mythology, the Menae/Menai (Μηναι; singular Mene Μηνη), 50 in number, were the goddesses of the lunar months within an Olympiad (the span of time between Olympic Games), and the phases of the moon. They were the daughters of the Titan Moon goddess, Selene, by her lover, Endymion, a mortal king of Elis and Olympia, home of the Olympic Games. Each presided over one of the 50 lunar months of the 4-year Olympiad - a basic time measurement unit for the Ancient Greeks; the eight year Octaeteris--which was used in place of our modern counting of decades--consisted of"
"hardly worshiped in Ancient Greece, and were thought of as so archaic as to belong to the ancient past. They resembled historical figures more than anything else. Mnemosyne, on the other hand, traditionally appeared in the first few lines of many oral epic poems—she appears in both the ""Iliad"" and the ""Odyssey"", among others—as the speaker called upon her aid in accurately remembering and performing the poem he was about to recite. Mnemosyne is thought to have been given the distinction of “Titan” because memory was so important and basic to the oral culture of the Greeks that they deemed"
"Hera Hera (; , ""Hērā""; , ""Hērē"" in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians and the sister-wife of Zeus. She is the daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Hera rules over Mount Olympus as queen of the gods. A matronly figure, Hera served as both the patroness and protectress of married women, presiding over weddings and blessing marital unions. One of Hera's defining characteristics is her jealous and vengeful nature against Zeus' numerous lovers and illegitimate offspring, as well as the"
"said to be the Mother of sirens. Calliope is usually seen with a writing tablet in her hand. At times, she is depicted carrying a roll of paper or a book or wearing a gold crown. She would also be seen with her children. The Italian poet, Dante Alighieri, in his ""Divine Comedy"", refers to Calliope: Calliope In Greek mythology, Calliope ( ; , ""Kalliopē"" ""beautiful-voiced"") is the muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry; so called from the ecstatic harmony of her voice. Hesiod and Ovid called her the ""Chief of all Muses"". One account says Calliope was"
"and Hera returns to the battlefield where the gods begin to fight amongst themselves. Echo Semele and Dionysus Lamia Gerana Cydippe Tiresias Chelone The Golden Fleece The Metamorphoses Ixion Hera Hera (; , ""Hērā""; , ""Hērē"" in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians and the sister-wife of Zeus. She is the daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Hera rules over Mount Olympus as queen of the gods. A matronly figure, Hera served as both the patroness and protectress of married women,"
"Apollonis, and Borysthenis, names which characterize them as daughters of Apollo. In a later tradition, a set of four Muses were recognized: Thelxinoë, Aoide Archē, and Melete, said to be daughters of Zeus and Plusia or of Ouranos. One of the people frequently associated with the Muses was Pierus. By some he was called the father (by a Pimpleian nymph, called Antiope by Cicero) of a total of seven Muses, called Neilṓ (Νειλώ), Tritṓnē (Τριτώνη), Asōpṓ (Ἀσωπώ), Heptápora (Ἑπτάπορα), Achelōís, Tipoplṓ (Τιποπλώ), and Rhodía (Ῥοδία). According to Hesiod's ""Theogony"" (seventh century BC), they were daughters of Zeus, king of the"
"I call"" (7.5) Urania Urania (; , ""Ourania""; meaning ""heavenly"" or ""of heaven"") was, in Greek mythology, the muse of astronomy. Urania was the daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne and also a great granddaughter of Uranus. Some accounts list her as the mother of the musician Linus by Apollo or Amphimarus, son of Poseidon, and Hymenaeus also is said to have been a son of Urania. Urania is often associated with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. Sometimes identified as the eldest of the divine sisters, Urania inherited Zeus' majesty and power and the beauty and grace of her mother"
"moon of the planet Saturn, and the prehistoric Tethys Ocean are named after this goddess. Tethys (mythology) In Greek mythology, Tethys (; ), was a Titan daughter of Uranus and Gaia, sister and wife of Titan-god Oceanus, mother of the Potamoi and the Oceanids. Tethys had no active role in Greek mythology and no established cults. Tethys was one of the Titan offspring of Uranus (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). Hesiod lists her Titan siblings as Oceanus, Coeus, Crius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, and Cronus. Tethys married her brother Oceanus, an enormous river encircling the world and was"
"Aetna (nymph) Aetna (Greek: , ""Aἴtnē"") was in Greek and Roman mythology a Sicilian nymph and, according to Alcimus, a daughter of Uranus and Gaia, or of Briareus. Stephanus of Byzantium says that according to one account Aetna was a daughter of Oceanus. Simonides said that she had acted as arbitrator between Hephaestus and Demeter respecting the possession of Sicily. By Zeus or Hephaestus she became the mother of the Palici. Mount Aetna in Sicily was believed to have derived its name from her, and under it Zeus buried Typhon, Enceladus, or Briareus. The mountain itself was believed to be"
"Phoebe (Titaness) In ancient Greek religion, Phoebe (; Greek: Φοίβη ""Phoibe"", associated with ""Phoebos"" or ""shining"") was one of the first generation of Titans, who were one set of sons and daughters of Uranus and Gaia. Phoebe is a Titaness whose consort was her brother Coeus, with whom she had two daughters, Leto, who bore Apollo and Artemis, and Asteria, a star-goddess who bore an only daughter, Hecate. Given the meaning of her name and her association with the Delphic oracle, Phoebe was perhaps seen as the Titan goddess of prophecy and oracular intellect. Through Leto, Phoebe was the grandmother"
"them in their assault upon the Olympian Gods. It is explained that Gaia (Mother Earth) had fallen in love with Uranus the Heavens (Father Sky) and had given birth to the 12 Titans of Myth: Iapetus and Themis, Titans of Justice; Crius and Mnemosyne, Titans of Memory; Coeus and Phoebe, Titans of the Moon; Hyperion and Thia, Titans of the Sun; Oceanus and Tethys, Titans of the Sea; and Cronus and Rhea, Titans of the Earth. The Titans had been beautiful godlike beings, but the rest of Gaia's children had been horrible monsters banished by Uranus to the pits of"
"Urania Urania (; , ""Ourania""; meaning ""heavenly"" or ""of heaven"") was, in Greek mythology, the muse of astronomy. Urania was the daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne and also a great granddaughter of Uranus. Some accounts list her as the mother of the musician Linus by Apollo or Amphimarus, son of Poseidon, and Hymenaeus also is said to have been a son of Urania. Urania is often associated with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. Sometimes identified as the eldest of the divine sisters, Urania inherited Zeus' majesty and power and the beauty and grace of her mother Mnemosyne. Urania dresses"