"Copper(II) chloride can be toxic. Only concentrations below 5 ppm are allowed in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Copper(II) chloride Copper(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuCl. This is a light brown solid, which slowly absorbs moisture to form a blue-green dihydrate. The copper(II) chlorides are some of the most common copper(II) compounds, after copper sulfate. Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the very rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively. Anhydrous CuCl adopts a distorted cadmium iodide structure. In this motif, the copper centers are octahedral. Most copper(II) compounds"
"Copper(I) sulfate Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate and dicopper sulfate, is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuSO and a molar mass of 223.15 g mol. It is an unstable compound as copper(I) compounds are generally unstable and is more commonly found in the CuSO state. It is light green in color at room temperature and is water-soluble. Due to the low-stability of the compound there are currently not many applications to date. Anhydrous CuSO, can be synthesized at approximately around 75% purity by the action of dimethyl sulfate on CuO following the formula: The material is"
"and insecticides, growth stimulation in agriculture, soil sterilization, disinfection, preservatives, antiseptics, pharmaceuticals, disease prevention, mold protection, gas purification and coloring, textiles, public health and medicine, agriculture, and chemistry. Copper(I) sulfate Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate and dicopper sulfate, is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuSO and a molar mass of 223.15 g mol. It is an unstable compound as copper(I) compounds are generally unstable and is more commonly found in the CuSO state. It is light green in color at room temperature and is water-soluble. Due to the low-stability of the compound there are currently not"
"Copper monosulfide Copper monosulfide is a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It occurs in nature as the dark indigo blue mineral covellite. It is a moderate conductor of electricity. A black colloidal precipitate of CuS is formed when hydrogen sulfide, HS, is bubbled through solutions of Cu(II) salts. It is one of a number of binary compounds of copper and sulfur (see copper sulfide for an overview of this subject), and has attracted interest because of its potential uses in catalysis and photovoltaics. Copper monosulfide can be prepared by passing hydrogen sulfide gas into a solution of copper(II) salt."
"Copper(I) sulfide Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical compound CuS. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from CuS to CuS. CuS can be prepared by heating copper strongly in sulfur vapour or HS. The reaction of copper powder in molten sulfur rapidly produces CuS, whereas pellets of copper require much higher temperature. CuS reacts with oxygen to form SO: In the production of copper two thirds of the molten copper sulfide is oxidised as above, and the CuO"
"Copper sulfide Copper sulfides describe a family of chemical compounds and minerals with the formula Cu</sub>S. Both minerals and synthetic materials comprise these compounds. Some copper sulfides are economically important ores. Prominent copper sulfide minerals include CuS (chalcocite) and CuS (covellite). In the mining industry, the minerals bornite or chalcopyrite, which consist of mixed copper-iron sulfides, are often referred to as ""copper sulfides"". In chemistry, a ""binary copper sulfide"" is any binary chemical compound of the elements copper and sulfur. Whatever their source, copper sulfides vary widely in composition with 0.5 ≤ Cu/S ≤ 2, including numerous non-stoichiometric compounds. The"
"Cobalt sulfide Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoS. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formula CoS, CoS, CoS, and CoS. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric. Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS) and linnaeite (CoS). CoS (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. CoS. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif. The CoS compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of"
"investigated as electrocatalysts. [[Category:Cobalt compounds]] [[Category:Sulfides]] Cobalt sulfide Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoS. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formula CoS, CoS, CoS, and CoS. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric. Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS) and linnaeite (CoS). CoS (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. CoS. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif. The CoS compound is known as a very"
"water ligands. The Cu(II)(HO) centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains. Anhydrous copper sulfate is a white powder. Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid. For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased. Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process. Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water. Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by"
"Copper(II) carbonate Copper(II) carbonate or cupric carbonate is a chemical compound with formula . At ambient temperatures, is an ionic solid (a salt) consisting of copper(II) cations and carbonate anions . This compound is rarely encountered because it is difficult to prepare and readily reacts with water moisture from the air. The terms ""copper carbonate"", ""copper(II) carbonate"", and ""cupric carbonate"" almost always refer (even in chemistry texts) to a basic copper carbonate (or copper(II) carbonate hydroxide), such as () (which occurs naturally as the mineral malachite) or ()() (azurite). For this reason, the qualifier neutral may be used instead of"
"Copiapite Copiapite is a hydrated iron sulfate mineral with formula: FeFe(SO)(OH)·20(HO). Copiapite can also refer to a mineral group, the copiapite group. Copiapite is strictly a secondary mineral forming from the weathering or oxidation of iron sulfide minerals or sulfide-rich coal. Its most common occurrence is as the end member mineral from the rapid oxidation of pyrite. It also occurs rarely with fumaroles. It occurs with melanterite, alunogen, fibroferrite, halotrichite, botryogen, butlerite and amarantite. It is by far the most common mineral in the copiapite group. It rarely occurs as single crystals, is in the triclinic crystal system, and is"
"described in 1833 for an occurrence near Copiapó, Atacama, Chile. It is sometimes known as ""yellow copperas"". Other occurrences are in California, Nevada, and in the filled paleo sinkholes and caves of Missouri. Copiapite Copiapite is a hydrated iron sulfate mineral with formula: FeFe(SO)(OH)·20(HO). Copiapite can also refer to a mineral group, the copiapite group. Copiapite is strictly a secondary mineral forming from the weathering or oxidation of iron sulfide minerals or sulfide-rich coal. Its most common occurrence is as the end member mineral from the rapid oxidation of pyrite. It also occurs rarely with fumaroles. It occurs with melanterite,"
"intent on synthesizing covellite. Gramp et al. (2006) discovered that covellite can also be produced in the lab under anaerobic conditions by sulfate reducing bacteria at a variety of temperatures. However, further research remains, because although the abundance of covellite may be high, the growth of its crystal size is actually inhibited by physical constraints of the bacteria. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the presence of ammonium vanadates is important in the solid state transformation of other copper sulfides to covellite crystals. Covellite Covellite (also known as covelline) is a rare copper sulfide mineral with the formula CuS. This"
"Italy in 1832 and died in Greece in 1897. Serpierite is a hydrated sulfate with the formula Ca(Cu,Zn)(SO)(OH).3HO with molar mass 644.32 g and calculated density 3.08 g/cm. It belongs to the monoclinic crystal system, point group 2/m and space group C2/c. It is pseudo-orthorhombic and isostructural with aldridgeite. The unit cell has side a of length 22.2 Å, side c of length 21.9 Å and the angle β between them equal to 113.4°. The third side b, which is perpendicular to both a and c, has length 6.25 Å. There are 8 formula units (Z = 8) per unit"
"Copper hydride Copper hydride (also systematically named poly[cuprane(1)]) is a pyrophoric, inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written as or CuH). It is an odourless, metastable, red solid, rarely isolated as a pure composition, that decomposes to the elements. Copper hydride is mainly produced as a reducing agent in organic synthesis and as a precursor to extremely reactive catalysts. The systematic name ""copper hydride"" is the most commonly used name. It is a valid IUPAC name, being constructed according to compositional nomenclature. ""Copper hydride"" is also used generically to refer to the alloyed mixture of copper and atomic hydrogen,"
"Aluminium sulfate Aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Al(SO). It is soluble in water and is mainly used as a coagulating agent (promoting particle collision by neutralizing charge) in the purification of drinking water and waste water treatment plants, and also in paper manufacturing. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as a rare mineral millosevichite, found e.g. in volcanic environments and on burning coal-mining waste dumps. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hydrates, of which the hexadecahydrate Al(SO)•16HO and octadecahydrate Al(SO)•18HO are the most common. The heptadecahydrate,"
"Chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite ( ) is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has the chemical formula CuFeS. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green tinged black. On exposure to air, chalcopyrite oxidises to a variety of oxides, hydroxides and sulfates. Associated copper minerals include the sulfides bornite (CuFeS), chalcocite (CuS), covellite (CuS), digenite (CuS); carbonates such as malachite and azurite, and rarely oxides such as cuprite (CuO). Chalcopyrite is rarely found in association with native copper. Natural"
"green tints of the specific dyes. Copper sulfate was used in the past as an emetic. It is now considered too toxic for this use. It is still listed as an antidote in the World Health Organization's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is a white solid. It can be produced by dehydration of the normally available pentahydrate copper sulfate. In nature, it found as the very rare mineral known as chalcocyanite. The pentahydrate also occurs in nature as chalcanthite. Two other copper sulfates comprise the remaining of these rare minerals: bonattite (trihydrate) and boothite (heptahydrate). Copper sulfate"
"complex [Fe(HO)], which has octahedral molecular geometry and is paramagnetic. The name copperas dates from times when the copper(II) sulfate was known as blue copperas, and perhaps in analogy, iron(II) and zinc sulfate were known respectively as green and white copperas. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Industrially, ferrous sulfate is mainly used as a precursor to other iron compounds. It is a reducing agent, and as such is useful for the reduction of chromate in cement to less toxic Cr(III) compounds. Historically ferrous sulfate"
"Copper chromite Copper chromite is an inorganic compound with the formula CuCrO which is used to catalyze reactions in organic synthesis. The material was first described in 1908. The catalyst was developed in North America by Homer Burton Adkins and Wilbur Arthur Lazier partly based on interrogation of German chemists after World War II in relation to the Fischer-Tropsch process. For this reason it is sometimes referred to as the Adkins catalyst or the Lazier catalyst. The compound commonly adopts a spinel structure. The oxidation states for the constituent metals are Cu(II) and Cr(III). A variety of compositions are recognized"
"Basic copper carbonate Basic copper carbonate is a chemical compound, more properly called copper(II) carbonate hydroxide. It is an ionic compound (a salt) consisting of the ions copper(II) , carbonate , and hydroxide . The name most commonly refers to the compound with formula (). It is a green crystalline solid that occurs in nature as the mineral malachite. It has been used since antiquity as a pigment, and it is still used as such in artist paints, sometimes called verditer, green bice, or mountain green. Sometimes the name is used for ()(), a blue crystalline solid also known as"
"Cobalt(II) sulfate Cobalt(II) sulfate is any of the inorganic compounds with the formula CoSO(HO). Usually cobalt sulfate refers to the hydrate CoSO7HO, which is one of the most commonly available salts of cobalt. Cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate appears as red monoclinic crystals that liquify around 100 °C and become anhydrous at 250 °C. It is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and especially soluble in methanol. The salts are paramagnetic. It forms by the reaction of metallic cobalt, its oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with aqueous sulfuric acid. The hexahydrate is a metal aquo complex consisting of octahedral [Co(HO)] ions associated"
"Campigliaite Campigliaite is a copper and manganese sulfate mineral with a chemical formula of CuMn(SO)(OH)·4HO. It has a chemical formula and also a crystal structure similar to niedermayrite, with Cd(II) cation replacing by Mn(II). The formation of campigliaite is related to the oxidation of sulfide minerals to form sulfate solutions with ilvaite associated with the presence of manganese. Campigliaite is a rare secondary mineral formed when metallic sulfide skarn deposits are oxidized. While there are several related associations, there is no abundant source for this mineral due to its rare process of formation. Based on its crystallographic data and chemical"
"Copper(I) thiocyanate Copper(I) thiocyanate (or cuprous thiocyanate) is a coordination polymer with formula CuSCN. It is an air-stable, white solid used as a precursor for the preparation of other thiocyanate salts. Two polymorphs have been characterized. The one pictured above features copper(I) in a characteristic tetrahedral coordination geometry. The sulfur end of the SCN- ligand is triply bridging. Copper(I) thiocyanate forms from the spontaneous decomposition of dry black copper(II) thiocyanate, releasing thiocyanogen, especially when heated. It is also formed from copper(II) thiocyanate under water, releasing (among others) thiocyanic acid and the highly poisonous hydrogen cyanide.<br> It is conveniently prepared from"
"Potassium persulfate Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula KSO. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations. Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density. It can also be prepared by adding potassium bisulfate (KHSO) to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH)SO. In principle it can be prepared by chemical oxidation of"
"Mercury(I) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfate, commonly called mercurous sulphate (UK) or mercurous sulfate (US) is the chemical compound HgSO. Mercury(I) sulfate is a metallic compound that is white, pale yellow or beige powder. It is a metallic salt of sulfuric acid formed by replacing both hydrogen atoms with mercury(I). It is highly toxic; it could be fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by skin. The crystal structure of mercurous sulfate is made up of Hg dumbbells and SO anions as main building units. Hg dumbbell is surrounded by four Oxygen atoms with Hg₋O distance ranging from 2.23 to 2.93 Å, whereas"
"Copper(I) bromide Copper(I) bromide is the chemical compound with the formula CuBr. This diamagnetic solid adopts a polymeric structure akin to that for zinc sulfide. The compound is widely used in the synthesis of organic compounds and as a lasing medium in copper bromide lasers. The compound is white, although samples are often colored due to the presence of copper(II) impurities. The copper(I) ion also oxidizes easily in air. It is commonly prepared by the reduction of cupric salts with sulfite in the presence of bromide. For example, the reduction of copper(II) bromide with sulfite yields copper(I) bromide and hydrogen"
"Copper(II) arsenate Copper arsenate (Cu(AsO).4HO, or CuH(AsO).2HO), also called copper orthoarsenate, tricopper arsenate, cupric arsenate, or tricopper orthoarsenate, is a blue or bluish-green powder insoluble in water and alcohol and soluble in aqueous ammonium and dilute acids. Its CAS number is or . Copper arsenate is an insecticide used in agriculture. It is also used as a herbicide, fungicide, and a rodenticide. It is also used as a poison in slug baits. Copper arsenate can also be a misnomer for copper arsenite, especially when meant as a pigment. Anhydrous copper arsenate, Cu(AsO), is found in nature as the mineral lammerite."
"Notable examples include azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite. Azurite (2CuCO·Cu(OH)) and malachite (CuCO·Cu(OH)) are hydroxy-carbonates, whereas antlerite (CuSO·2Cu(OH)) and brochantite (CuSO·3Cu(OH)) are hydroxy-sulfates. Many synthetic copper(II) hydroxide derivatives have been investigated. Copper(II) hydroxide Copper(II) hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH). It is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid. Some forms of copper(II) hydroxide are sold as ""stabilized"" copper hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide. Copper hydroxide is a weak base. Copper(II) hydroxide has been known since copper smelting began around 5000 BC although the alchemists"
"Silver phosphate Silver phosphate or silver orthophosphate is a light sensitive, yellow, water-insoluble chemical compound composed of silver and phosphate ions of formula AgPO. Silver phosphate is formed as a yellow precipitate by the reaction between a soluble silver compound, such as silver nitrate with a soluble orthophosphate; its solubility product is 8.89×10 moldm. The precipitation reaction is analytically significant and can be used in qualitative or quantitative tests for phosphates. This compound is dissolved by nitric acid, or by ammonia. It can also be formed as large crystals by gradual loss of ammonia from an ammoniacal solution of silver"
"Copper peroxide Copper peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula CuO. It is an oxide of copper, and appears as a dark olive green solid or similarly colored suspension. It is unstable, decomposing to oxygen and other copper oxides. Copper peroxide is prepared by the reaction of cold solutions of hydrogen peroxide and Schweizer's reagent, the latter prepared from copper hydroxide and dilute ammonia solution. The Schweizer's reagent used must not contain excess ammonia. Copper peroxide may also be produced by the reaction of an ice-cold solution of hydrogen peroxide with a suspension of copper hydroxide. It may also"
"with stoichiometry CuS which is non-stoichiometric (range CuS-CuS) and has a monoclinic structure with 248 copper and 128 sulfur atoms in the unit cell. CuS and CuS are similar in appearance and hard to distinguish one from another. Copper(I) sulfide Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical compound CuS. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from CuS to CuS. CuS can be prepared by heating copper strongly in sulfur vapour or HS. The reaction of copper powder in molten"
"is an irritant. The usual routes by which humans can receive toxic exposure to copper sulfate are through eye or skin contact, as well as by inhaling powders and dusts. Skin contact may result in itching or eczema. Eye contact with copper sulfate can cause conjunctivitis, inflammation of the eyelid lining, ulceration, and clouding of the cornea. Upon oral exposure, copper sulfate is moderately toxic. According to studies, the lowest dose of copper sulfate that had a toxic effect on humans is 11 mg/kg. Because of its irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting is automatically initiated in case of"