"Granny knot The granny knot is a binding knot, used to secure a rope or line around an object. It is considered inferior to the reef knot (square knot), which it superficially resembles. Neither of these knots should be used as a bend knot for attaching two ropes together. Called the ""granny's knot"" with references going back to at least 1849, the knot was so-called because it is ""the natural knot tied by women or landsmen"". It has also been suggested that rather than impugning the knot-tying skill of grandmothers, the name ""granny"" may be a corruption of granary after"
"generally are considered mainly a rocky-reef and kelp-bed associated species, but they occasionally frequent sand habitats in foraging forays. California sheephead are monandric protogynous hermaphrodites and are commercially and recreationally valuable labrids. They are a prominent species occupying the southern California rocky reef and kelp bed fish assemblage. Both the ecology and life history patterns of California sheephead have been shown to vary with local environmental conditions. California sheephead are carnivorous, epibenthic reef fish, foraging mostly in the daytime in sand-rock reef habitats. Their feeding territories are very productive and allow individuals to occupy small, permanent, economically defendable home ranges."
"80 species of grouper in Australian waters, including one of the world's biggest bony fish, the giant grouper, which can grow as large as 2.7 m and weigh up to 400 kg. The trevally, a group of 50 species of silver schooling fish, and the snappers are popular species for commercial fishing. The Great Barrier Reef supports a huge variety of small- and medium-sized reef fish, including the damselfish, butterflyfish, angelfish, gobies, cardinalfish, wrassees, triggerfish and surgeonfish. There are several venomous fish, among them several species of stonefish and pufferfish and the red lionfish, all of which have toxins that"
"grouped into 12 genera: Requiem shark Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes. They are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the spinner shark, the blacknose shark, the blacktip shark, the grey reef shark, the blacktip reef shark, and the Oceanic whitetip shark. The name may be related to the French word for shark, ""requin"", which is itself of disputed etymology. One derivation of the latter is from Latin ""requiem"" (""rest""), which would thereby create a cyclic etymology (""requiem-requin-requiem""), but other sources derive it from the verb"
"wide. The sea always breaks over the reef and in good weather, breakers are visible up to away. The rocks consists of small-grained granite which is part of the larger Cornubian batholith. The batholith formed during the early Permian period, from about 300 to 275 Ma, at a late stage in the Variscan orogeny. Some of the stones have been given names and include Flat Ledge, Flemish Ledges, North-east Rocks, Pollard's Rock, South Rock and a ledge known as the Town. During the 1960s the reef was fished by a small fleet of French fishing vessels for crab, crayfish and"
"Grey reef shark The grey reef shark (""Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos"", sometimes misspelled ""amblyrhynchus"" or ""amblyrhinchos"") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. One of the most common reef sharks in the Indo-Pacific, it is found as far east as Easter Island and as far west as South Africa. This species is most often seen in shallow water near the drop-offs of coral reefs. The grey reef shark has the typical ""reef shark"" shape, with a broad, round snout and large eyes. This species can be distinguished from similar species by the plain or white-tipped first dorsal fin, the"
"species of reef fish, stingrays, conch and other invertebrates. Seagrass beds also serve to anchor sand, and retain nutrients and sediment that wash down from the land. Reefs provide shelter and foraging habitat for reef species, many of which are commercially important, either as a tourist attraction, a fishery or both. Mangroves serve as nurseries and shelter for juvenile fish, a catchment and filter for runoff and sediments, and provide critical shoreline protection from strong weather events. The mangrove habitat of Great Pond in particular also supports a large diversity of wintering shorebirds, and nesting habitat for resident species such"
"the younger name currently in use. Sepioteuthis Sepioteuthis, commonly known as reef squids or oval squids, is a genus of pencil squid. Reef squids are easily recognizable by their large rounded fins that extend along almost the entire length of their mantles, giving them a superficial resemblance to cuttlefish. Three species are currently recognized, though ""S. australis"" and ""S. lessoniana"" are believed to be cryptic species complexes. An additional species, ""S. loliginiformis"", was described in 1828, but its validity is questionable. However, if the species turns out to be the same as ""S. australis"" or ""S. lessoniana"", ""S. loliginiformis"" would"
"then an atoll – scientists have identified further reef types. While some sources find only three, Thomas and Goudie list four ""principal large-scale coral reef types"" – the fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll and table reef – while Spalding ""et al."" list five ""main types"" – the fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll, ""bank or platform reef"" and patch reef. A fringing reef, also called a shore reef, is directly attached to a shore, or borders it with an intervening narrow, shallow channel or lagoon. It is the most common reef type. Fringing reefs follow coastlines and can extend for many"
"Sepioteuthis Sepioteuthis, commonly known as reef squids or oval squids, is a genus of pencil squid. Reef squids are easily recognizable by their large rounded fins that extend along almost the entire length of their mantles, giving them a superficial resemblance to cuttlefish. Three species are currently recognized, though ""S. australis"" and ""S. lessoniana"" are believed to be cryptic species complexes. An additional species, ""S. loliginiformis"", was described in 1828, but its validity is questionable. However, if the species turns out to be the same as ""S. australis"" or ""S. lessoniana"", ""S. loliginiformis"" would be the senior synonym and replace"
"second dorsal fin, and tooth shape and number. Measuring up to long, the Caribbean reef shark is one of the largest apex predators in the reef ecosystem, feeding on a variety of fishes and cephalopods. They have been documented resting motionless on the sea bottom or inside caves, unusual behavior for an active-swimming shark. If threatened, it may perform a threat display in which it frequently changes direction and dips its pectoral fins. Like other requiem sharks, it is viviparous with females giving birth to 4–6 young every other year. Caribbean reef sharks are of some importance to fisheries as"
"fishery in 2001. To further decrease commercial harvest, the minimum commercial harvest size was increased to 13 in 2001 and the 10-fish recreational bag limit was reduced to five. California sheephead The California sheep head (""Semicossyphus pulcher"") is a species of wrasse native to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Its range is from Monterey Bay, California, to the Gulf of California, Mexico. This species can live for up to 20 years in favorable conditions and can reach a size of up to and a weight of . They are carnivorous, living in rocky reef and kelp bed habitats, feeding primarily on"
"Blacktip reef shark The blacktip reef shark (""Carcharhinus melanopterus"") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, identifiable by the prominent black tips on its fins (especially on the first dorsal fin and its caudal fin). Among the most abundant sharks inhabiting the tropical coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, this species prefers shallow, inshore waters. Its exposed first dorsal fin is a common sight in the region. Most blacktip reef sharks are found over reef ledges and sandy flats, though they have also been known to enter brackish and freshwater environments. This species typically attains"
"shark, nurse shark, zebra shark, southern stingray, Nassau grouper, giant grouper, reticulate whipray also known as the honeycomb stingray, and Denver the loggerhead sea turtle. Coral Reef includes honeycomb moray, unicorn fish, cownose ray, blue tang, powderblue tang, yellow tang, humphead wrasse and bonnethead. The shark ray breeding program is one of the first of its kind and much is being learned about shark rays. It has been successful, with ""Sweet Pea"" and ""Scooter"" producing offspring. However, the process is difficult due to the tendencies of shark rays to have ""rough sex,"" which caused one of the new females, at"
"the dorsal fin, lustrous green upper parts behind and deep salmon-pink underparts. The sheepshead minnow is native to the eastern coast of the United States. Its range extends from Cape Cod southwards to the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico, also the West Indies. It is found in brackish water in bays, inlets, lagoons, saltmarshes and similar locations with little wave action and sandy or muddy bottoms. It is tolerant of wide variations in salinity and is also found in hypersaline conditions. The sheepshead minnow is an omnivore, eating both animal and vegetable matter. Its diet mainly consists of detritus, microalgae, crustacean"
"of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and in the Swain Reefs (20–22 degrees south). Planar reefs are found in the northern and southern parts, near Cape York Peninsula, Princess Charlotte Bay, and Cairns. Most of the islands on the reef are found on planar reefs. The Great Barrier Reef supports an extraordinary diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species, some of which may be endemic to the reef system. Thirty species of cetaceans have been recorded in the Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and the humpback whale. Large populations of dugongs"
"suitable for shark-watching ventures, and profitable diving sites now enjoy protection in many countries, such as the Maldives. Grey reef shark The grey reef shark (""Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos"", sometimes misspelled ""amblyrhynchus"" or ""amblyrhinchos"") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae. One of the most common reef sharks in the Indo-Pacific, it is found as far east as Easter Island and as far west as South Africa. This species is most often seen in shallow water near the drop-offs of coral reefs. The grey reef shark has the typical ""reef shark"" shape, with a broad, round snout and large"
"Requiem shark Requiem sharks are sharks of the family Carcharhinidae in the order Carcharhiniformes. They are migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the spinner shark, the blacknose shark, the blacktip shark, the grey reef shark, the blacktip reef shark, and the Oceanic whitetip shark. The name may be related to the French word for shark, ""requin"", which is itself of disputed etymology. One derivation of the latter is from Latin ""requiem"" (""rest""), which would thereby create a cyclic etymology (""requiem-requin-requiem""), but other sources derive it from the verb ""reschignier"" (""to grimace while"
"pinnatus"" may play the role of a critical functional group in the Great Barrier Reef by eating seaweed that other herbivorous fishes such as parrotfish and surgeonfish will not touch. Overgrowth of seaweed among corals occurs as a result of overfishing of large fish species and inhibits the ability of coral to support life. Ephippidae Ephippidae is a family containing the spadefishes, with about eight genera and a total of 20 marine species. Well-known species include the Atlantic spadefish (""Chaetodipterus faber"") and the reef-dwelling genus ""Platax"", the batfishes, which are kept as aquarium fish. They are spade-shaped and laterally compressed,"
"patch reef may collapse. Patch reefs provide habitat for spiny lobsters and for many species of fish, including Bluehead wrasse (""Thalassoma bifasciatum""), damselfish (""Chromis"" spp.), Ocean surgeon, French and Queen angelfish (""Pomacanthus"" spp.), White, Caesar and Spanish grunts (""Haemulon"" ssp.), Yellowtail and other snappers, Redband and Stoplight parrotfish (""Sparisoma"" ssp.), Sergeant major (""Abudefduf saxatilis""), Tomtate (""Haemulon aurolineatum""), Trumpetfish (""Aulostomus maculatus""), filefish, groupers, snappers, Bar jack (""Caranx ruber""), Great barracuda, pufferfish, squirrelfish, cardinalfish, and green morays (""Gymnothorax funebris""). Third is the ""bank reef"" community. Bank reefs are larger than patch reefs and are found on the outer reefs. Bank reefs consist"
"Bigfin reef squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana, commonly known as the bigfin reef squid or oval squid, is a commercially important species of loliginid squid. It is one of the three currently recognized species belonging to the genus ""Sepioteuthis"". Studies in 1993, however, have indicated that bigfin reef squids may comprise a cryptic species complex. The species is likely to include several very similar and closely related species. Bigfin reef squids are characterised by a large oval fin that extends throughout the margins of its mantle, giving them a superficial similarity to cuttlefish. They are small to medium-sized squids, averaging in length."
"Reef A reef is a bar of rock, sand, coral or similar material, lying beneath the surface of water. Many reefs result from abiotic processes (i.e. deposition of sand, wave erosion planing down rock outcrops, and other natural processes), but the best known reefs are the coral reefs of tropical waters developed through biotic processes dominated by corals and coralline algae. Artificial reefs (e.g. shipwrecks) sometimes have a role in enhancing the physical complexity of featureless sand bottoms, in order to attract a diverse assemblage of organisms, especially algae, and fish. Earth's largest and most famous reef is the Great"
"why Polynesians migrated to Easter Island, New Zealand, and possibly Hawaii. Coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific are dominated by whitetip, blacktip and grey reef shark. Coral reefs in the western Atlantic Ocean are dominated by the Caribbean reef shark. These sharks are all species of requiem shark, and all have the robust, streamlined bodies that are typical of the requiem shark. They are fast-swimming, agile predators that feed primarily on free-swimming bony fishes and cephalopods. Other species of reef sharks include the Galapagos shark, the tawny nurse shark and hammerheads. The whitetip reef shark is a small shark usually less"
"two genera are: Wreckfish The wreckfish are a family, Polyprionidae, of perciform fish. They are deep-water marine fish and can be found on the ocean bottom, where they inhabit caves and shipwrecks (thus their common name). Their scientific name is from Greek ""poly"" meaning ""many"" and ""prion"" meaning ""saw"", a references to their prominent spiny fins. They stay together in schools of at least five. Wreckfish (""Polyprion americanus"") are a long-lived commercial species in the Mediterranean, the south-eastern Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. The fish is commonly known as ""chernia"" in Spanish-speaking Latin America, and as ""cherne"" in Portugal. The"
"by Lavery. The grey reef shark has a streamlined, moderately stout body with a long, blunt snout and large, round eyes. The upper and lower jaws each have 13 or 14 teeth (usually 14 in the upper and 13 in the lower). The upper teeth are triangular with slanted cusps, while the bottom teeth have narrower, erect cusps. The tooth serrations are larger in the upper jaw than in the lower. The first dorsal fin is medium-sized, and there is no ridge running between it and the second dorsal fin. The pectoral fins are narrow and falcate (sickle-shaped). The coloration"
"The Capricorn Silvereye, a small bird endemic to the southern Great Barrier Reef, is present. White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster breeds during the winter months on Wreck Island. While this species once nested on most of the cays of the Capricorn and Bunker Group but nest sites are now restricted to Tryon, North West, Wilson, Wreck, East Fairfax and West Hoskyn Islands. A population of black rats ""Rattus rattus"" was eradicated from Wreck Island in the late 1980s America A Ship of 391 tons. The vessel was built Quebec, Canada, in 1827. Captain Robert Donal. The vessel ""America"" had taken"
"baring teeth""). Family members have the usual carcharhiniform characteristics. Their eyes are round, and one or two gill slits fall over the pectoral fin base. Most species are viviparous, the young being born fully developed. They vary widely in size, from as small as adult length in the Australian sharpnose shark, up to adult length in the tiger shark. Requiem sharks are responsible for a large proportion of attacks on humans, among the top five species; however, due to the difficulty in identifying individual species, a degree of inaccuracy exists in attack records. The 60 species of requiem shark are"
"Clinidae Clinidae is a family of blennioids; perciform marine fish. Temperate blennies, the family ranges from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. The family contains about 86 species in 20 genera, the 60-cm-long giant kelpfish (""Heterostichus rostratus"") being the largest; most are far smaller. With small cycloid scales, clinoid blennies may have a deep or slender build; some members of the family bear the name ""snake blenny"" and ""eel blenny"" for this reason. Dorsal spines outnumber soft rays; there are two spines in the anal fin. Like many other blennies, clinids possess whisker-like"
"reef is made up of beds of rhodolith, various species of red algae, which superficially resemble coral. While it has been described as ""impoverished"", and ""not having the biodiversity of some of the more prominent coral reefs of the world"", 61 species of sponge and 73 species of fish, in addition to various coral and starfish species, have so far been identified as inhabiting the reef, including staghorn corals, and spiny lobsters. Pockets of coral species, discovered as early as 1999, were found to be similar to those found in the Caribbean Sea, hinting at the possibility that Caribbean corals"
"are nine species of baleen whale, including the enormous humpback whales and southern right whales. Dwarf minke whales are common off Great Barrier Reef in winter. There are 37 species of toothed whale, which include all six genera of the family Ziphiidae (beaked whales), and 21 species of oceanic dolphin, including the Australian snubfin dolphin, a species first described in 2005 that is endemic to Australia. Some oceanic dolphins, such as the orca, can be found in all waters around the continent; others, such as the Irrawaddy dolphin, are confined to the warm northern waters. The dugong (order Sirenia) is"
"marine species. Common species found within the touch pool include horseshoe crabs, and various rays. Every now and then the touch pool becomes a temporary home to baby zebra sharks. The shipwreck tank, touted as the third largest in North America, is home to several endangered and threatened marine species including green sea turtles, Galapagos sharks, Blacktip Reef Sharks, sand tiger sharks, and green sawfish. Shark Reef Aquarium was the first closed-system aquarium in North America to exhibit a great hammerhead shark. The female juvenile was less than four feet long when she was accidentally caught off the coast of"
"coral, fire coral, sea whips, star coral and finger coral. Along the many coral reefs are also numerous crabs, lobsters, parrot fish, damselfish, goatfish, wrasse, triggerfish, trunkfish, trumpet fish, angelfish, squid, sea turtles and octopus. Among the larger marine mammals are species such as the endangered West Indian manatee and humpback whale, as well as sixteen other species of whales and dolphins, including the pantropical spotted dolphin, common bottlenose dolphin, Atlantic spotted dolphin, Clymene dolphin, spinner dolphin, striped dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, Risso's dolphin, melon-headed whale, pygmy killer whale, false killer whale, and the short-finned pilot whale. Shark species include the"
"fishes, including eels, squirrelfishes, snappers, damselfishes, parrotfishes, surgeonfishes, triggerfishes, and goatfishes, as well as octopus, spiny lobsters, and crabs. Important predators of the whitetip reef shark include tiger sharks and Galapagos sharks. The blacktip reef shark is typically about long. It is usually found over reef ledges and sandy flats, though it can also enter brackish and freshwater environments. This species likes shallow water, while the whitetip and the grey reef shark are prefer deeper water. Younger sharks favour shallow sandy flats, and older sharks spend more time around reef ledges and near reef drop-offs. Blacktip reef sharks are strongly"