"heterophylla the Norfolk Island pine and Araucaria bidwillii, Bunya Pine, in Australia. The recently found 'Wollemi pine', ""Wollemia"", discovered in south-east Australia, is classed in the plant family Araucariaceae. Their common ancestry dates to a time when Australia, Antarctica, and South America were linked by land — all three continents were once part of the supercontinent known as Gondwana. Araucaria araucana Araucaria araucana (commonly called the monkey puzzle tree, monkey tail tree, piñonero, or Chilean pine) is an evergreen tree growing to 1–1.5 m (3–5 ft) in diameter and 30–40 m (100–130 ft) in height. It is native to central"
"Araucaria Araucaria (; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka. ɾja]) is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. There are 20 extant species in New Caledonia (where 14 species are endemic, see New Caledonian ""Araucaria""), Norfolk Island, eastern Australia, New Guinea, Argentina, Chile, and Brazil. ""Araucaria"" are mainly large trees with a massive erect stem, reaching a height of . The horizontal, spreading branches grow in whorls and are covered with leathery or needle-like leaves. In some species, the leaves are narrow, awl-shaped and lanceolate, barely overlapping each other; in others they are broad and flat, and overlap broadly. The"
"common in cultivation because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit. Several species are economically important for timber production. The edible large seeds of ""A. araucana"", ""A. angustifolia"" and ""A. bidwillii"" — also known as ""Araucaria nuts"", and often called, although improperly, ""pine nuts"" — are eaten as food (particularly among the Mapuche people and Native Australians). In South America ""Araucaria"" nuts or seeds are called ""piñas"", ""pinhas"", ""piñones"" or ""pinhões"", like pine nuts in Europe. Pharmacological reports on genus Araucaria are anti- ulcer, antiviral, neuro-protective, anti-depressant and anti-coagulant. Araucaria Araucaria (; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka. ɾja]) is a genus of"
"Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla (synonym A. excelsa) is a vascular plant in the ancient and now disjointly distributed conifer family Araucariaceae. As its vernacular name Norfolk Island pine (or Norfolk pine) implies, the tree is endemic to Norfolk Island, a small island in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, about 1440 km east of Sydney, Australia. The genus ""Araucaria"" occurs across the South Pacific, especially concentrated in New Caledonia (about 700 km due north of Norfolk Island) where 13 closely related and similar-appearing species are found. It is sometimes called a star pine, Polynesian pine, triangle tree"
"rarely encountered outside of botanical gardens and other specialised collections, due to New Caledonia's strict export laws. Araucaria luxurians Araucaria luxurians is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is known by the common names Sapin de Noël and Coast araucaria. It is endemic to New Caledonia, where it grows in several small subpopulations. It grows in ultramafic soils in humid forests and on cliffs and slopes. It is threatened by habitat loss and none of the subpopulations are in protected areas. This species is a tree growing up to 40 meters tall. Mature specimens may have trunks"
"the original three islands considerably. The main remaining stands are now within Norfolk Island National park and are therefore under some control. Araucaria heterophylla Araucaria heterophylla (synonym A. excelsa) is a vascular plant in the ancient and now disjointly distributed conifer family Araucariaceae. As its vernacular name Norfolk Island pine (or Norfolk pine) implies, the tree is endemic to Norfolk Island, a small island in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, about 1440 km east of Sydney, Australia. The genus ""Araucaria"" occurs across the South Pacific, especially concentrated in New Caledonia (about 700 km due north of"
"Araucaria luxurians Araucaria luxurians is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is known by the common names Sapin de Noël and Coast araucaria. It is endemic to New Caledonia, where it grows in several small subpopulations. It grows in ultramafic soils in humid forests and on cliffs and slopes. It is threatened by habitat loss and none of the subpopulations are in protected areas. This species is a tree growing up to 40 meters tall. Mature specimens may have trunks 70 centimeters in diameter. It is conical or pyramidal in form. The bark peels and releases a"
"mainly found on timber plantations; however, the species continues to thrive in protected areas, including Lamington National Park where at least one walking track is named after it. Australian Aborigines used the resin as cement. Araucaria cunninghamii Araucaria cunninghamii is a species of ""Araucaria"" known as hoop pine. Other less commonly used names include colonial pine, Queensland pine, Dorrigo pine, Moreton Bay pine and Richmond River pine. The scientific name honours the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham, who collected the first specimens in the 1820s. The species is found in the dry rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland and"
"subtropical regions of the world and so has many common names. These include: albizia (Hawaii), Moluccan albizia, sengon (Java), salawaku (Maluku), jeungjing (Indonesia), ai-samtuco (Tetun, East Timor), madre de cacao (East Timor), batai (Malaysia), kerosin tree (Pohnpei), sau, Moluccan sau, and falcata (Philippines). The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands. In Hawaii the caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian koa looper (""Scotorythra paludicola"") has been found to defoliate ""Falcataria moluccana"" and complete their development on this invasive tree without the larvae eating the leaves of their native host ""Acacia koa"". In Borneo the following"
"the new genus ""Falcataria"", as the most widely distributed of the three species in the genus. This widely cultivated timber tree is still called by the common name ""albizia"" in Hawaii and elsewhere. The two additional species in the genus ""Paraserianthes"" (""P. pullenii"" and ""P. toona"") were identified using morphology to form the Falcataria group with ""P. falcataria"" (=""Falcataria moluccana"") by I.C. Neilsen. A molecular phylogenetics study using genomic DNA and chloroplast DNA sequence data of these two species found them be closely related to ""Falcataria moluccana"". These three species formed a well supported clade together that was distinctly different"
"""A. montana"". The Latin specific epithet ""montana"" refers to mountains or coming from mountains. Araucaria montana Araucaria montana, the mountain araucaria, is a species of conifer in the Araucariaceae family. It is found only in New Caledonia. ""Araucaria montana"" is the most widely distributed of New Caledonia's native ""Araucaria"" species, and is found throughout the main island of Grande Terre, as well as a small population on Île d'Art. However it is still considered vulnerable due to fragmentation of populations and degradation of habitat, due mainly to mining activities. Height of mature trees can vary from 10–40 meters. A population"
"Araucariaceae Araucariaceae – also known as araucarians – is a very ancient family of coniferous trees. The family achieved its maximum diversity during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, when it was distributed almost worldwide. Most of the Araucariaceae in the Northern Hemisphere vanished in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, and are now largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of ""Agathis"" in Southeast Asia. Members of Araucariaceae are typically very tall evergreen trees, reaching heights of or more. They can also grow very large stem diameters; a New Zealand kauri tree (""Agathis australis"") named ""Tāne Mahuta"" (""The"
"of Lages, in Santa Catarina state, holds a popular fair, in which mulled wine and boiled ""Araucaria"" seeds are consumed. of seeds are collected annually in Brazil. It is also used as a softwood timber in stair treads and joinery. The species is widely used in folk medicine. According to one calculation it has lost an estimated 97% of its habitat to logging, agriculture, and silviculture in the last century. People also eat the seeds, which may reduce recruitment. It was therefore listed by the IUCN as 'vulnerable in 1998 and 'critically endangered' in 2008. Araucaria angustifolia Araucaria angustifolia, the"
"Acacia acradenia Acacia acradenia, commonly known as Velvet Hill wattle and silky wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus ""Acacia"" and the subgenus ""Juliflorae"". It is native to northern and central Australia. The Indigenous Australian group the Nyangumarta peoples know it as walypuna the Alyawarr call it ampwey, the Jaminjung and Ngaliwurru know it as Mindiwirri, the Jaru as binbali or gundalyji, the Kaytetye as ampweye or arwele and the Warlpiri as ngardurrkura. The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of but can be as high as . It is generally V-shaped with an open"
"amaliae"", ""Acacia oswaldi"" var. ""abbreviata"" and ""Acacia amaliae"" var. ""orthophylla"". The name honours Ferdinand Oswald, who was involved with the collection of the type specimen. The type specimen was collected by von Mueller in 1851 near Blanchetown on the Murray River. Acacia oswaldii Acacia oswaldii, commonly known as boree, umbrella wattle, umbrella bush, whyacka, middia, miljee, nella and curly yarran, is a shrub or tree of the genus ""Acacia"" and the subgenus ""Plurinerves"". The shrub or tree typically grows to a height of and can be found to . It has terete and glabrous branchlets with many red, resinous micro-hairs."
"Araucaria angustifolia Araucaria angustifolia, the Paraná pine, Brazilian pine or candelabra tree (, or ), is a critically endangered species in the conifer genus ""Araucaria"". Although the common names in various languages refer to the species as a ""pine"", it does not belong in the genus ""Pinus"". The genus ""Araucaria"" was part of terrestrial flora since theTriassic and found its apogee in Gondwana. Today, it is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere and has 19 species. Covering an original area of , it has now lost an estimated 97% of its habitat to logging, agriculture, and silviculture. It is native to"
"Araucaria cunninghamii Araucaria cunninghamii is a species of ""Araucaria"" known as hoop pine. Other less commonly used names include colonial pine, Queensland pine, Dorrigo pine, Moreton Bay pine and Richmond River pine. The scientific name honours the botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham, who collected the first specimens in the 1820s. The species is found in the dry rainforests of New South Wales and Queensland and in New Guinea. The trees can live up to 450 years and grow to a height of 60 metres. The bark is rough, splits naturally, and peels easily. The leaves on young trees are awl-shaped,"
"Acacia species Acacia acradenia Acacia acradenia, commonly known as Velvet Hill wattle and silky wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus ""Acacia"" and the subgenus ""Juliflorae"". It is native to northern and central Australia. The Indigenous Australian group the Nyangumarta peoples know it as walypuna the Alyawarr call it ampwey, the Jaminjung and Ngaliwurru know it as Mindiwirri, the Jaru as binbali or gundalyji, the Kaytetye as ampweye or arwele and the Warlpiri as ngardurrkura. The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of but can be as high as . It is generally V-shaped with"
"Rico, Mexico, India, Philippines and Hawaii. Araucaria columnaris Araucaria columnaris, the coral reef araucaria, Cook pine, New Caledonia pine, Cook araucaria, or columnar araucaria, is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. The tree is endemic to New Caledonia in the Melanesia region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It was first classified by Johann Reinhold Forster, a botanist on the second voyage of Captain James Cook to circumnavigate the globe as far south as possible. ""Araucaria columnaris"" is a distinctive narrowly conical tree growing up to tall in its native habit. The trees have a slender, spire-like crown. The"
"Lepoy community and the Quepuca Ralco community. The “Andean Araucanía” area is located in Chile’s Araucanía Region and includes various national parks, such as Nahuelbuta, Tolhuaca, Conguillío, Villarrica and Huerquehue, and national reserves, such as Malalcahuello-Nalcas and Alto Bío Bío (in the Araucanía Region not the Bío Bío, despite its name). The region is famous for the araucaria tree, Chile’s national tree, also known as the “monkey puzzle” or “monkey tail” tree. It is also home to the well-known tourist town of Pucón and four volcanoes: Llaima, Villarrica, Quetrupillan and Lanin. The two Sendero de Chile hikes in the region"
"various State Acts. Hieracium Hieracium , known by the common name hawkweed and classically as hierakion (from ancient Greek ιεράξ, ""hierax"" 'hawk'), is a genus of the sunflower (""Helianthus"") family Asteraceae), and closely related to dandelion (""Taraxacum""), chicory (""Cichorium""), prickly lettuce (""Lactuca"") and sow thistle (""Sonchus""), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually"
"the ""Mimosa kalkora"" of William Roxburgh. ""Albizia julibrissin"" is known by a wide variety of common names, such as Persian silk tree or pink siris. It is also called Lenkoran acacia or bastard tamarind, though it is not too closely related to either genus. The species is usually called ""silk tree"" or ""mimosa"" in the United States, which is misleading - the former name can refer to any species of ""Albizia"" which is most common in any one locale. And, although once included in ""Mimosa"", neither is it very close to the Mimoseae. To add to the confusion, several species"
"Araujia sericifera Araujia sericifera is a perennial ornamental plant in the genus ""Araujia"", of the Apocynaceae family. The plant was described in 1817 by the Portuguese botanist Félix Avelar Brotero. The synonym ""Araujia hortorum"" is in more frequent use in New Zealand. Its common names include moth plant, white bladderflower, common moth vine, cruel vine and false choko. The genus name (""Araujia"") derives from António de Araújo e Azevedo, 1st Count of Barca (1754–1817), a Portuguese amateur botanist who conducted scientific studies and experiments in his own botanical garden. The species' Latin name ""sericifera"" means ""silk-bearing"" and refers to the"
"which many other species of araucaria will not tolerate. The species was named for an Australian nurseryman John Rule, and is sometimes grown as an ornamental tree in Australia, with its large smooth leaves and the symmetrical dome shaped growth habit of mature trees considered attractive. Araucaria rulei Araucaria rulei (Rule araucaria, graceful pine) is a species of conifer in the family Araucariaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia, where it is an endangered species. Its populations are fragmented and are generally made up of scattered individuals. It is restricted to serpentine soils, often with high nickel levels, and its"
"(""Abarema"", ""Archidendropsis"", ""Blanchetiodendron"", ""Calliandra"", ""Cathormion"", ""Enterolobium"", ""Havardia"", ""Hesperalbizia"", ""Hydrochorea"", ""Pararchidendron"", ""Paraserianthes"", ""Pseudosamanea"" and ""Serianthes"") have also received their share of former ""Albizia"" species, as have the Mimoseae ""Newtonia"" and ""Schleinitzia"". Some presumed ""silk trees"" are in fact misidentified members of the not very closely related genus ""Erythrophleum"" from the Caesalpinioideae and ""Lebeckia"" from the Faboideae. The delimitation of ""Falcataria"" and ""Pithecellobium"", close relatives of ""Albizia"", is notoriously complex, with species having been moved between the genera time and again, and this will likely continue. These include ""Falcataria moluccana"" (the Moluccan albizia, formerly named ""Albizia moluccana""), a common shade tree on"
"the tropical Pacific, and Australia. A generic complex, with many interesting taxonomic problems at both generic and specific level, is formed by three genera: ""Ceropegia"", ""Brachystelma"" and ""Riocreuxia"". Ceropegia Ceropegia is a genus of plants within the family Apocynaceae, native to Africa, southern Asia, and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus, who first described this genus in volume 1 of his ""Species plantarum"", which appeared in 1753. Linnaeus thought that the flowers looked like a fountain of wax. From this the scientific name was derived: ‘""keros""’ meaning wax and ‘""pege""’ meaning fountain (Pooley, 1998). They have many common names"
"reflecting the broad Gondwanan distribution of the ""Araucariaceae"" family. Araucaria haastii Araucaria haastii is an extinct species of conifer tree formerly native to New Zealand. A large number of fossilised tree specimens from the ""Araucariaceae"" family have been found in New Zealand, but in many cases the level of preservation is not sufficient to reliably distinguish between ""Araucaria"" species (related to extant modern trees such as the Norfolk pine) and ""Agathis"" species (related to New Zealand's iconic Kauri tree). ""Araucaria haastii"" is known from some of the better preserved fossils, found in Cretaceous sediments from several sites in the South"
"are usually dominant trees, often the largest species in the forest; the largest is ""Araucaria hunsteinii"", reported to 89 m tall in New Guinea, with several other species reaching 50–65 m tall. ""A. heterophylla"", the Norfolk Island pine, is a well-known landscaping and house plant from this taxon. Skillful artisans in the Erzurum Province, Turkey, have used fossilized wood of Araucariaceae for centuries to manufacture jewelry and decorative items. It is known as ""Oltustone"", the name derives from the town of Oltu, where it is most commonly excavated. Despite the fact that this semiprecious gemstone is classified as “stone”, wood"
"the main stem is damaged and the length of the bole will be reduced. Acacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle, northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, and tan wattle, akashmoni in Bengali, is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to 30m tall. ""Acacia auriculiformis"" has about 47 000 seeds/kg. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen tree that grows between to 15–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 12 m long and 50 cm in diameter. The trunk is crooked"
"Adenanthera pavonina Adenanthera pavonina is a perennial and non-climbing species of leguminous tree. Its uses include food and drink, traditional medicine, and timber. ""Adenanthera pavonina"" is commonly called Red Lucky Seed. Other common names for the tree include Acacia Coral, Arbre À Église, Bead Tree, Circassian Seed, Corail Végétale, Coral Wood, Coralitos, Curly Bean, Deleite, Delicia, Dilmawi, Graine-réglisse, Jumbi-Bead, L'Église, Peronías, Peonía, Peonía Extranjera, Piriquiti, Red Bead Tree, and Réglisse. Barbados pride, Peacock flower fence, Sandalwood tree, Saga, and Manchadi are additional common names. Synonyms for the tree include ""Adenanthera gersenii"" Scheff., ""Adenanthera polita"" Miq., and ""Corallaria parvifolia"" Rumph. In"
"a taller, spreading shade tree. This plant prefers a full sun exposure, but can grow on a wide range of dry soils (sand dunes, clay, alkaline and chalky soils, etc.), at an altitude of above sea level. Parkinsonia aculeata Parkinsonia aculeata is a species of perennial flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Common names include palo verde, Mexican palo verde, Parkinsonia, Jerusalem thorn, and jelly bean tree. The genus name ""Parkinsonia"" honors the English botanist John Parkinson (1567–1650), while the species Latin name ""aculeata"" refers to the thorny stem of this plant. ""Parkinsonia aculeata"" may be a spiny shrub"
"where they often develop a second growth tip halfway up the trunk, giving the appearance of a smaller tree ""piggybacking"" on the side of a larger one. Araucaria biramulata Araucaria biramulata, the biramule araucaria, or piggyback araucaria, is a species of conifer in the Araucariaceae family. It is found only in New Caledonia on the main island of Grande Terre. ""Araucaria biramulata"" is a medium-large tree reaching 30 meters in height. As with several other endemic New Caledonian araucaria species, it is threatened by habitat loss with a fragmented wild population of less than 10,000 mature trees, and ongoing decline"
"them as a 'famine food' when better fare is not available. Hedycarya arborea Hedycarya arborea, commonly known as pigeonwood, porokaiwhiri, and poporokaiwhiri is an endemic tree of New Zealand. Found on both the North and South islands of the country, the tree grows to a height of 15 metres. The leaves are oval shaped with shallow serrations. Ripe fruits turn red and the plant received its common name back when it was assumed that the New Zealand wood pigeon particularly favoured them, based on observations of the birds eating the fruit. It has since been discovered that the New Zealand"