"the very numerous small principalities, hardly worth the expense. However, diplomatic missions were dispatched for specific tasks, such as negotiating a treaty bilaterally, or via a conference, such as the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. In such cases, it was normal to send a representative minister empowered to cast votes. For example, in the Peace Treaty of Versailles (1783), ending the American Revolution, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and John Jay were named ""minister plenipotentiary of the United States"" to the Netherlands, France and Spain, respectively. By the time of the Vienna Congress (1814–15), which codified diplomatic relations, Ambassador"
"James Bowdoin III James Bowdoin III (September 22, 1752 – October 11, 1811) was an American philanthropist and statesman from Boston, Massachusetts. He has born to James Bowdoin in Boston, and graduated from Harvard College in 1771. James then studied law at Oxford and traveled widely in Europe until 1775. When he got the news of the Battle of Lexington he returned home. He served in the Massachusetts state legislature and on the council before attending the Massachusetts’ constitutional convention in 1779 and 1780. James devoted several years to scholarly pursuits, until he was appointed the United States Ambassador to"
"president, and Charles Curtis of Kansas, known for his skills in collaboration, was chosen as Hoover's running mate. After Dawes had finished his term as vice president, he served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom (i.e., to the Court of St. James's) from 1929 to 1932. Overall, Dawes was considered to be a very effective U.S. ambassador, as George V's son, the future Edward VIII, would later confirm in his memoirs. Dawes was rather rough-hewn for some of his duties, disliking having to present American ""débutantes"" to the King. On his first visit to the royal court, in"
"was only a part of larger struggles in American society, the thorny debate over race, class, gender and leadership. While serving as Yale's president, he was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on April 7, 1977 to serve as U.S. Ambassador to the Court of St. James. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 29, 1977 and he served from 1977 to 1981. He wasted no time in beginning his new responsibilities. He was called to step in and resolve difficulties between United Nations Ambassador Andrew Young and the British Foreign Office. This was followed by smoothing out"
"ambassadors to the Court of St. James's are customarily admitted to membership in the Society. The Society is notable for holding dinners to welcome into office each successive U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. The patron of the society is Queen Elizabeth II. The first informal meeting of the Pilgrims of Great Britain included General Joseph Wheeler, Colonel (later General Sir) Bryan Mahon, the Hon Charles Rolls and Harry Brittain. The first meeting of the Pilgrims of the United States was at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York on 13 January 1903. The Pilgrims of Great Britain and the"
"third and final time, to Alexander Saunderson (1917–2004), grandson of Edward J. Saunderson (1837–1906), an MP and Lord Lieutenant of Cavan. James J. Van Alen James John Van Alen (March 20, 1848 – July 13, 1923) was a sportsman and politician. He was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Italy on October 20, 1893, but declined the appointment. He was well known as a New York Society leader and was referred to as the ""American Prince of Wales."" He was the son of James Henry Van Alen (1819–1886), who served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the"
"Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom The Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally in the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the Court of St James) is the official representative of the Government of the Republic of Poland to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The first permanent Polish diplomatic mission was created in late 18th century by the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski. After partitions of Poland, there was over a century gap in diplomatic relations. The mission was"
"Stevenson composed his book A Child's Garden of Verses, and thus was an ideal person to take on this responsibility. Shortly before he died in Edinburgh, he was delighted to be shown the new Euro coins and notes by his daughter Patricia. James Marjoribanks Sir James Alexander Milne Marjoribanks (29 May 1911 – 29 January 2002) was a career diplomat in the British Foreign Service and became British ambassador to the European Economic Community. He presented Britain's application to join the European Community in 1967 and was instrumental in this application becoming successful. James Marjoribanks was born in Colinton, near"
"Thomas Randolph (ambassador) Thomas Randolph (1523–1590) was an English ambassador serving Elizabeth I of England. Most of his professional life he spent in Scotland at the courts of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her son James VI. While in Scotland, he was embroiled in marriage projects and several upheavals. In 1568-1569 he was sent on a special embassy to Russia, visiting the court of Ivan the Terrible. Randolph was also a Member of Parliament: for New Romney in 1558, Maidstone 1584, 1586 and 1589, Grantham 1559 and St Ives 1558 and 1572. Thomas Randolph was born in 1523, the son"
"the United Kingdom from 1975–76 and as United States Secretary of Commerce from 1976–77. Richardson's acceptance in 1975 of the appointment as Ambassador to the Court of St. James, as it is formally titled, effectively eliminated him from the domestic scene during the pre-election-year period. In departing for that position, he indicated to reporters that he would not run unless Ford decided against running. From 1977 to 1980, he served as an Ambassador at Large and Special Representative of President Jimmy Carter for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and head of the U.S. delegation to"
"England,’ on the re-establishment of Catholic episcopal authority in England, London, 1688 and 1747. James Smith (Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District) James Smith (1645–1711) was an English Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar-Apostolic of the Northern District under James II of England. Born at Winchester in 1645, he was educated at the English College, Douai, and was created D.D. on 5 February 1680. He was appointed President of Douai College, in succession to Francis Gage, on 28 August 1682, and while in that post he inherited a large estate from his father (most of which he granted to a younger brother)."
"James J. Van Alen James John Van Alen (March 20, 1848 – July 13, 1923) was a sportsman and politician. He was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Italy on October 20, 1893, but declined the appointment. He was well known as a New York Society leader and was referred to as the ""American Prince of Wales."" He was the son of James Henry Van Alen (1819–1886), who served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the Civil War, and Mary Young Steward (1818–1852). He attended and graduated from Oxford University. Van Alen donated $50,000 to Grover Cleveland's"
"he became Minister to Washington, D.C.. In 1934 he was appointed Minister to Great Britain, and in May 1942 the Greek legation was raised to the status of an embassy. His son was the Oxford University academic John Simopoulos. Simopoulos's funeral was held at St Sophia's Cathedral, Moscow Road, London. Charalambos Simopoulos Charalambos John Simopoulos (; 1874-1942) was a Greek diplomat who was ambassador to the Court of St. James in London at the beginning of the Second World War. After studying law at the University of Athens, he entered the diplomatic corps in 1901, serving as secretary and dean"
"by his mistress Arabella Churchill; their son was James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave (1684–1741). Educated in France, James Waldegrave soon crossed over to England, and under King George I he declared himself a Protestant and took his seat as Baron Waldegrave in the House of Lords. Having become friendly with Sir Robert Walpole, he was sent to Paris as ambassador extraordinary in 1725, and from 1727 to 1730 he was British ambassador at Vienna. In 1729 he was created Viscount Chewton and Earl Waldegrave, and in 1730 he succeeded Sir Horatio Walpole as ambassador in Paris, filling this post during"
"After John Quincy Adams became President, he honored Hughes's request for a new diplomatic posting, nominating him to serve as Chargé d'affaires in The Netherlands. In 1830 the United States decided to upgrade the post in The Netherlands to Minister Plenipotentiary, but disappointed Hughes by nominating William Pitt Preble of Maine. At the time the King of The Netherlands had agreed to mediate the Maine-New Brunswick boundary dispute between the United States and Great Britain, and the Senate determined that U.S. interests would be better served by someone with first hand knowledge of the issue. After Preble's appointment was confirmed"
"future President James Buchanan. The United States and Mexico had broken off diplomatic relations in 1858, after which civil war broke out in Mexico. McLane was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico on March 7, 1859, and was charged to determine if the government of Benito Juárez, in opposition to the Emperor, was worthy of recognition. He also negotiated, as ambassador, the McLane-Ocampo Treaty, which would have expanded the transit rights of the U.S. across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to include an interoceanic canal concession. However, the treaty was not ratified by the United States Senate. McLane retired"
"James Marjoribanks Sir James Alexander Milne Marjoribanks (29 May 1911 – 29 January 2002) was a career diplomat in the British Foreign Service and became British ambassador to the European Economic Community. He presented Britain's application to join the European Community in 1967 and was instrumental in this application becoming successful. James Marjoribanks was born in Colinton, near Edinburgh, Scotland, the third son of Thomas Marjoribanks, a minister in the (presbyterian) Church of Scotland, and Elizabeth Logan. James Marjoribanks’ father Thomas and his brother William were respectively heads of the lowland Marjoribanks family. James Marjoribanks attended two of Edinburgh’s famous"
"Edward Llewellyn, Baron Llewellyn of Steep Edward David Gerard Llewellyn, Baron Llewellyn of Steep, (born 23 September 1965) is Her Majesty's Ambassador to France. He took up the post on 9 November 2016. Formerly a British political adviser, he was the Downing Street Chief of Staff under former Prime Minister David Cameron. He attended Eton College at the same time as Cameron, though Llewellyn was two years above him. Llewellyn left Eton in 1983 and spent a brief amount of time working at Conservative Central Office, before studying at New College, Oxford, where he was steward (i.e. president) of the"
"a Life Peer as Baron Saint Brides, of Hasguard in the County of Dyfed on 8 February 1977. Morrice James, Baron St Brides John Morrice Cairns James, Baron Saint Brides, (30 April 1916 – 26 November 1989), normally known as Morrice James, was a senior British diplomat. He served as British High Commissioner to Pakistan, India and Australia, and was known as a specialist in the affairs of the South Asia. James was born on 30 April 1916 and was educated at Bradfield College and Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the Dominions Office in London in 1939, and was Private"
"his career; he had also represented the British government at the independence celebrations. His final posting was as High Commissioner in Canada (1974–78). From 1978 to 1985, he was a Governor of the BBC. John Baines Johnston Sir John Baines Johnston (13 May 1918 – 16 October 2005) was a British diplomat. He is best known for being Britain's High Commissioner to Rhodesia when that colony made its Unilateral Declaration of Independence in November 1965. Johnston was born at Maryport, Cumberland, the son of a Church of England clergyman, and was educated at Banbury Grammar School and The Queen's College,"
"of the Union and awaits the result with an impatience which it has difficulty in disguising."" De Stoeckl advised his government that Britain would recognize the Confederate States at its earliest opportunity. Cassius Clay, the US minister in Russia, stated, ""I saw at a glance where the feeling of England was. They hoped for our ruin! They are jealous of our power. They care neither for the South nor the North. They hate both."" At the beginning of the Civil War, the U.S. minister to the Court of St. James was Charles Francis Adams. He made clear that Washington considered"
"future Prime Minister Henry Temple, the former Prime Minister Robert Peel, as well as the elderly Duke of Wellington. He went to the races at Ascot, and was presented at court to Queen Victoria. On June 22, he traveled to Oxford to receive an honorary doctorate in law. In Oxford, he stayed at Cuddesdon Palace, the home of the Bishop of Oxford, Samuel Wilberforce, who was absent because of the christening of the infant Prince Arthur. Prescott met Spencer Compton, the president of the Royal Society, who was also receiving an honorary degree. He left London for Paris, where he"
"represent the monarch in Her role as sovereign of each such country. The Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps (before 1920, Master of the Ceremonies), who acts as the link between the British monarch and foreign diplomatic missions, is permanently based at St James's Palace. In 1886, there were only six Ambassadors in London, with 37 other countries represented by Ministers. By 2015, this had increased to 175 foreign missions accredited to the Court of St James's: 47 high commissions from Commonwealth countries and 128 embassies from non-Commonwealth countries. Official meetings and receptions associated with the court, such as Privy Council"
"President 1993–2011. Craig was appointed CMG in the 1975 New Year Honours, knighted KCMG in the 1981 New Year Honours and promoted to GCMG in the 1984 New Year Honours. After his retirement he was made an Officer of the Order of St John. James Craig (diplomat) Sir (Albert) James Macqueen Craig (13 July 1924 – 26 September 2017) was a British diplomat who was ambassador to Syria and Saudi Arabia, also an academic and writer. Craig was born in Liverpool and educated at Liverpool Institute High School for Boys. He then won an exhibition to The Queen's College, Oxford."
"Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote (13 September 1828 – 24 May 1902), known as Sir Julian Pauncefote between 1874 and 1899, was a British barrister, judge and diplomat. He was Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs between 1882 and 1889 when he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States, an office that was upgraded to that of Ambassador to the United States in 1893. Elevated to the peerage as Baron Pauncefote in 1899, he died in office in 1902. Pauncefote was born in Munich, Bavaria, the son of Robert Pauncefote"
"was Head of Protocol for the Hong Kong Government (1985–88). He was made a CMG in 1980, then was knighted and made a KCVO the same year. A committed Anglican, during his retirement he served as a steward at Bath Abbey. In 1954 he married Margaret, daughter of Nobel-laureate Lawrence Bragg, by whom he had a daughter and two sons. He died in 2005. Mark Evelyn Heath Sir Mark Evelyn Heath (27 May 1927 – 28 September 2005), a British diplomat, was Her Britannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Holy See (1980–82), and the first Ambassador to"
"Court of St James's The Court of St James's is the royal court for the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. All Ambassadors and High Commissioners to the United Kingdom are formally received by the Court, and all Ambassadors and High Commissioners from the United Kingdom are formally accredited from the Court—not the United Kingdom—as they are representatives of The Crown. However it should be noted that this accreditation is only in relation to the Crown in right of the United Kingdom, not the Crown in right of any other Commonwealth realm, each of which have their own diplomatic services to"
"James Smith (Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District) James Smith (1645–1711) was an English Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar-Apostolic of the Northern District under James II of England. Born at Winchester in 1645, he was educated at the English College, Douai, and was created D.D. on 5 February 1680. He was appointed President of Douai College, in succession to Francis Gage, on 28 August 1682, and while in that post he inherited a large estate from his father (most of which he granted to a younger brother). In 1687 he was nominated by James II to be one of the four"
"reestablished following Poland regaining independence in the aftermath of World War I. This is the list of Ambassadors of Poland to the United Kingdom. Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom The Republic of Poland Ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally in the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the Court of St James) is the official representative of the Government of the Republic of Poland to the Queen and Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The first permanent Polish diplomatic mission was created in late 18th century by"
"a separate ""iz"" pronunciation for the possessive ""'s"" suffix. Court of St James's The Court of St James's is the royal court for the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. All Ambassadors and High Commissioners to the United Kingdom are formally received by the Court, and all Ambassadors and High Commissioners from the United Kingdom are formally accredited from the Court—not the United Kingdom—as they are representatives of The Crown. However it should be noted that this accreditation is only in relation to the Crown in right of the United Kingdom, not the Crown in right of any other Commonwealth realm,"
"Charles Kennedy (diplomat) Sir Charles Kennedy (12 October 1831 – 25 October 1908) was a senior British diplomat. Charles Malcolm Kennedy was born in London, the son of James Kennedy, Member of Parliament for Tiverton, and was educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at Caius College at Cambridge (where he took two firsts). Kennedy entered the Foreign Office in 1852. He served chiefly in the commercial branch, attaining the senior clerkship there early in the 1870s. This was his substantive appointment for many years, but he was almost constantly engaged on special services abroad, in particular: Kennedy was appointed"
"British Embassy which was the setting for the famous tea party for King George VI and his wife Queen Elizabeth, the first reigning monarchs from the United Kingdom to visit North America. Lady Lindsay was born Elizabeth Sherman Hoyt, the daughter of the American financier and industrialist Colgate Hoyt (1849–1922); her mother, Lida Sherman, the daughter of Charles Taylor Sherman and niece of Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman and John Sherman, who served as both Secretary of State as well as United States Secretary of the Treasury. The family home was “Eastover,” a 173-acre estate on Centre Island, New"
"James Culbertson James B. Culbertson (born 27 May 1938) served as the United States Ambassador to the Netherlands until 2009. Appointed by President George W. Bush, Culbertson was commissioned as ambassador on July 10, 2008. He presented his credentials to Queen Beatrix on August 13, 2008. Culbertson was born in Goldsboro, North Carolina, on May 27, 1938. In 1960, he graduated from The Citadel with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. After graduation, in accordance with the military academy's requirement, he served as an Intelligence officer for the U.S. Army from 1960 to 1962. In 1974, he founded"