"been a number of major oil spills around the coast of Britain. The wreck of the Torrey Canyon in March 1967 resulted in the first major oil spill. The ship grounded on the Seven Stones reef between Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. The ship was bombed to break it up and detergent used to disperse the 700 km² oil slick. It is estimated that 15,000 birds were killed and there was also a large effect on marine life. As a result of this incident many lessons were learned on how to handle such problems and it led to changes"
"they were never found. While the cargo of oil was lost, it was far enough offshore that it did not threaten land. Irenes Challenger Irenes Challenger was an oil tanker that sank in 1977 in the Pacific Ocean. ""Irenes Challenger"" was registered in Liberia, and was owned by the Greek company Tsakos Shipping and Trading when she was lost. On January 17, 1977, ""Irenes Challenger"" was en route to Japan from Venezuela with of crude oil when she began to break up southeast of Midway Island. 28 of the tanker's 31 crew were rescued by ""Pacific Arrow"", a Japanese container"
"a slick 32 km long and 7 km wide began to form. The ship continued to burn for three days before sinking on June 1. The vessel's 260,000 tonne cargo of oil was lost, leaving a visible slick on the ocean surface of approximately eighty square miles. Attempts to locate the wreck following the incident proved unsuccessful. ABT Summer MV ABT Summer was an oil tanker which was built at the South Korean shipbuilding yard of Ulsan and launched in 1974. The vessel was 344 metres in length and almost 82 metres in breadth. While under a Liberian flag, fully"
"Manolis L The Manolis L was a Liberian-flagged ship that sank in Newfoundland and Labrador's Notre Dame Bay in 1985, together with her damaging supply of toxic fuel oil. The ship was a timber carrier, that sank to . She contained of fuel oil. She ran aground on Blow Hard Rock, of the Change Islands. The oil was contained, within the ship, until a storm in 2013 cracked the hull. Since then some oil leaked from the hull, and the Canadian Coast Guard was able to contain some of that oil. But the wreck has been described as a """"ticking"
"acquired from both Britain and Saudi Arabia in the war's aftermath. These were used with considerable success in ground attacks against Syrian Army tanks during the Black September Crisis. During the 1960s and 1970s, Chile completed the acquisition of Hunters from Britain for service in the Chilean Air Force. In June 1973, the Liberian oil tanker ""Napier"" ran aground on Guamblin Island, accidentally releasing 30,000 tons of oil. After the rescue of the crew, the vessel was fired upon and set on fire by Chilean Hunters in an effort to burn the oil to avoid further environmental contamination. During the"
"crew were unable to board and serve their writ. The disaster led to many changes in international regulations, such as the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (CLC) of 1969, which imposed strict liability on ship owners without the need to prove negligence, and the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. An inquiry in Liberia, where the ship was registered, found that the Shipmaster, Pastrengo Rugiati, was to blame for having made a bad decision in steering ""Torrey Canyon"" between the Scillies and the Seven Stones. The first officer made ill-advised course corrections"
"taking on the riskiest ventures. It earned the company massive profits; it also earned them the worst safety record in the industry. In 1967, the giant oil tanker ""Torrey Canyon"" foundered off the English coast. Over of crude oil was spilled into the Atlantic and onto the beaches of Cornwall and Brittany, causing Britain's worst-ever oil spill. The ship was owned by the Bahamas-based Barracuda Tanker Corporation and was flying the flag of Liberia, a well-known flag of convenience, but was being chartered by British Petroleum. The ship was bombed by RAF jet bombers in an effort to break up"
"Irenes Challenger Irenes Challenger was an oil tanker that sank in 1977 in the Pacific Ocean. ""Irenes Challenger"" was registered in Liberia, and was owned by the Greek company Tsakos Shipping and Trading when she was lost. On January 17, 1977, ""Irenes Challenger"" was en route to Japan from Venezuela with of crude oil when she began to break up southeast of Midway Island. 28 of the tanker's 31 crew were rescued by ""Pacific Arrow"", a Japanese container ship. The United States Coast Guard deployed a C-130 aircraft and the cutter USCGC ""Mallow"" to search for the missing crew, but"
"ABT Summer MV ABT Summer was an oil tanker which was built at the South Korean shipbuilding yard of Ulsan and launched in 1974. The vessel was 344 metres in length and almost 82 metres in breadth. While under a Liberian flag, fully laden with Iranian crude and en route to Rotterdam, she sank 700 nautical miles off the Angolan coast. An unexplained explosion occurred on May 28, 1991, and the ship and its cargo began to burn. Five of the crew of thirty-two were killed in the incident, four of whom were initially reported as missing. The following day,"
"June 1986. The island was bombed by Iraq in November and December 1986, as part of the Iran–Iraq War. As part of Operation Praying Mantis, the Iranian frigate ""Sahand"" was sunk by the United States Navy, 200 meters southwest of Larak Island. On 14 May 1988, the large 564,739 dwt Liberian supertanker, ""Seawise Giant"", whilst carrying crude Iranian oil, was sunk by Iraqi anti-ship missiles off the coast of Larak Island. Larak Island is located in the Larak Rural District, which is within the Shahab District. Two settlements are on the island: Larak Shahri and Larak Kuhi. Larak Shahri is"
"her scrapping, which occurred in Kaohsiung, Taiwan in the October of that year. Venpet–Venoil collision The ""Venpet""–""Venoil"" collision was a maritime accident involving sister supertankers; the Liberian-registered ""Venoil"" and ""Venpet"", in dense fog off the coast of South Africa on 16 December 1977. The tankers were travelling in opposite directions; the ""Venoil"" fully laden with over 250,000 tonnes of crude oil bound for Nova Scotia and the ""Venpet"", travelling in ballast, headed for Kharg Island, Iran. The ""Venoil"" ploughed into the ""Venpet"", eventually leading to the spilling of approximately 26,600–30,500 tonnes of crude oil. Both tankers were constructed in Nagasaki,"
"HMS ""Romney"" and HMS ""Firebrand"") were also lost, bringing the death toll to nearly 2,000. The Scilly naval disaster was one of the greatest maritime disasters in British history. It was largely as a result of this disaster that the Board of the Admiralty instituted a competition for a more precise method to determine longitude. There is an impressive memorial depicting the sinking of the ""Association"" in the church at the Narboroughs' home of Knowlton near Dover. In June 1967, the minesweeper HMS ""Puttenham"", equipped with twelve divers under the command of Engineer-Lieutenant Roy Graham, sailed to the Isles of"
"under a Liberian flag. In 1960, her flag was transferred to Panama and the ship was renamed ""Stella Maris"". ""Stella Maris"" was used to give round-trip cruises on the Saint Lawrence Seaway, starting from Montreal. In 1965, her flag returned to Liberia and the ship was renamed ""Westar"". While ""en route"" from Greece to Vancouver, on 28 January 1966 the ship was refueling at Sarroch, Sardinia when a fire broke out in her engine room. The ship was beached and one Canadian and one British sailor were killed and three others injured. ""Westar"" was taken to La Spezia, Italy to"
"Tanker Corporation, a subsidiary of the Union Oil Company of California, and registered in Liberia but chartered to British Petroleum. She was long, beam and had of draught.. On 19 February 1967, ""Torrey Canyon"" left the Kuwait National Petroleum Company refinery, at Mina, Kuwait (later Al Ahmadi) on her final voyage with a full cargo of crude oil. The ship reached the Canary Islands on 14 March. From there the planned route was to Milford Haven in Wales. ""Torrey Canyon"" struck Pollard's Rock on Seven Stones reef, between the Cornish mainland and the Isles of Scilly, on 18 March. It"
"on the 16 of November 1987. Next voyage vas planned from Odessa to Vietnam again. On December 19, 1989, the Iranian tanker ""Khark 5"" bound for refineries in Northern Europe exploded and caught fire approximately 400 miles north of the Canary Islands. An estimated 452,400 barrels (19 million gallons) of the 1,714,300 barrels (72 million gallons) on board spilled into the sea. The 35 crew members were rescued by the passing Soviet vessel ""Sarny"". Ocean currents carried the abandoned vessel south towards the Canary Islands. The ""Khark 5"" was sinking. On December 20, 1989, Wednesday, ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote: MS"
"the attack raised crude oil prices on global markets. MV Sirius Star MV Manifa (formerly MV ""Sirius Star"") is an oil tanker formally owned and operated by Vela International Marine. With a length overall of and a capacity of of crude oil, she is classified as a very large crude carrier or VLCC. Vela is based in the United Arab Emirates and is a subsidiary of the Saudi Arabian state oil company Saudi Aramco. ""Sirius Star"" is one of Vela's 24 tankers, of which 19 are VLCCs. Since her launch, the ship has been registered in Monrovia under the Liberian"
"Spyros disaster The ""Spyros"" disaster was a major industrial disaster that occurred in Singapore in October 12, 1978, where the Greek tanker ""Spyros"" exploded at Jurong Shipyard, killing 76 people and injured 69 others. It remained the worst accident, in terms of lives lost, in Singapore's post-war history. It is also Singapore's worst industrial accident. The ""Spyros"" was owned by Ulysses Tanker Corporation of Liberia and operated by International Operations, SA. The Liberian-registered vessel was built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan in 1964 and was a steam turbine-driven tanker of 64,081 tons deadweight. On 6 October 1978, the ""Spyros"""
"1970, the Liberian-flagged tanker collided with the tanker off the Isle of Wight and caught fire with 13 killed aboard ""Pacific Glory"". The blazing ""Pacific Glory"" ran aground on 24 October, and ""Andromeda"" took part in the large scale clean up operation. On 9 October 1970, ""Andromeda"" and her helicopter went to the aid of the tug RMAS ""Samsonia"" which had suffered a mechanical breakdown when towing the landing ship in bad weather through the Pentland Firth. In 1971 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days. In August 1971 she joined the 6th Frigate Squadron as leader. In 1973, ""Andromeda"""
"Amoco Cadiz Amoco Cadiz was a very large crude carrier (VLCC) owned by Amoco Transport Corp and transporting crude oil for Shell Oil. Operating under the Liberian flag of convenience, she ran aground on 16 March 1978 on Portsall Rocks, from the coast of Brittany, France. Ultimately she split in three and sank, resulting in the largest oil spill of its kind in history to that date. On 16 March 1978 in a southwesterly gale, the ""Amoco Cadiz"" passed Ushant at the western tip of Brittany, headed for Lyme Bay in the United Kingdom. At 9:46 am when the supertanker"
"SS Sansinena SS ""Sansinena"" was a Liberian oil tanker that exploded in Los Angeles harbor on 17 December 1976. She was docked at berth 46 at Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, California. The vessel was a steamship built in 1958. At its final port of call, ""Sansinena"" had discharged its cargo of crude oil and was taking on ballast and fuel when a massive explosion split the ship in half and obliterated multiple port buildings. The blast shattered windows for miles around and triggered a fire that spread across the dock and around the tanker. The Los Angeles"
"2s began to replace the Mk 1s and the Scimitars, completing the process by November of that year. In March 1967 the oil tanker Torrey Canyon ran aground on Seven Stones Reef near Lands End and started to leak thousands of tons of crude oil into the sea, putting nearby beaches at risk of pollution. In an attempt to minimise the damage to the environment, the Buccaneers of 800 NAS along with those of the training squadron 736 NAS were ordered to destroy the tanker and its cargo. Flying from RNAS Brawdy in Wales on 28 March 1967, eight Buccaneers"
"of California but chartered to British Petroleum. She was long, beam and draught. On her final voyage, ""Torrey Canyon"" left the Kuwait National Petroleum Company refinery at Mina Al-Ahmadi, Kuwait (later Al-Ahmadi), with a full cargo of crude oil, on 19 February 1967. The ship had an intended destination of Milford Haven in Wales. On March 14, she reached the Canary Islands. Following a navigational error, ""Torrey Canyon"" struck Pollard's Rock on Seven Stones reef between the Cornish mainland and the Isles of Scilly on 18 March 1967. The tanker did not have a scheduled route and so lacked a"
"and hence was unable to carry out a timely turn to go through the shipping channel. The wreck lies at a depth of . SS Torrey Canyon SS ""Torrey Canyon"" was an LR2 Suezmax class oil tanker with a cargo capacity of 120,000 tons of crude oil. She was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, England, on 18 March 1967, causing an environmental disaster. At that time she was the largest vessel ever to be wrecked. When laid down by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in the United States in 1959, she had a capacity of 60,000"
"""Exxon Valdez"". Odyssey, built in 1971, was a 65,000-ton tanker operated by Polembros Shipping Ltd. of London, England, and registered in Liberia. On November 5, 1988, the tanker departed Sullom Voe Terminal in the Shetland Islands off Scotland, fully loaded with North Sea Brent Crude oil which was being transported to the Come By Chance Refinery at Come-by-Chance, Newfoundland and Labrador. When the ship was about 1000 nautical miles off the coast of Newfoundland, a major North Atlantic storm arose, buffetting the ship with waves and 44-mile-per-hour winds. In response, the ship sent out a distress signal and kept heading"
"Seven Stones Reef The Seven Stones reef is a rocky reef nearly west-northwest (WNW) of Land's End, Cornwall and east-northeast (ENE) of the Isles of Scilly. The reef consists of two groups of rocks and is nearly long and in breadth. They rise out of deep water and are a navigational hazard for shipping with 71 named wrecks and an estimated 200 shipwrecks overall. The most infamous is the ""Torrey Canyon"" in 1967, which was at that time the world's costliest shipping disaster, and to date, still the worst oil spill on the coast of the United Kingdom. The Sevenstones"
"SS Torrey Canyon SS ""Torrey Canyon"" was an LR2 Suezmax class oil tanker with a cargo capacity of 120,000 tons of crude oil. She was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, England, on 18 March 1967, causing an environmental disaster. At that time she was the largest vessel ever to be wrecked. When laid down by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in the United States in 1959, she had a capacity of 60,000 tons. However, the ship was later enlarged in Japan to 120,000 tons capacity. At the time of the shipwreck she was owned by Barracuda"
"Penzance along the coast. In 1871 she was put on duty providing shipping services between Penzance and the Isles of Scilly. In 1871 she towed into Penzance an unidentified derelict ship believed to be American, which had four hundred casks of paraffin oil as cargo. Early in 1872 she was involved with Little Western in recovering property from the wreck of the ""Delaware"" which had been wrecked on 20 December 1871 on Mincarlo in the Isles of Scilly. She was wrecked in Irishman’s Ledge on the west side of Nornour in the Isles of Scilly on 16 July 1872. The"
"fleet tug from 1957–1958 and the salvage ship from 1961–1963. He took command of the USS ""Liberty"" in April 1966. On June 8, 1967, during the Six-Day War between Israel and her Arab neighbors, the ""Liberty"" was attacked by Israeli forces while sailing in international waters in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Israeli government claims to this day that they thought that the ship was an Egyptian vessel. Israel relentlessly attacked the ""Liberty"" with jets, helicopters, and motor torpedo boats. McGonagle was severely wounded during the first air attack and although the bridge had sustained heavy damage he stayed and directed"
"Brillante Virtuoso M/V ""Brillante Virtuoso"" was a Greek-owned, Liberian-flagged suezmax tanker allegedly attacked by Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden on 6 July 2011. The ship was built by Samsung Shipbuilding & Heavy Industries in Geoje, South Korea, in 1992. Originally named ""St. Romauld"", she was soon renamed ""Nandu"", then to ""Stainless"" in 2005, before becoming ""Brilliante Virtuoso"" in 2008. In 2011 she was registered in the Marshall Islands, and flying the flag of Liberia. Early on 6 July 2011, the ship was en route from Kerch, Ukraine, to Qingdao, China, with a cargo of fuel oil worth $100"
"On 2 May 1964, the vessel broke anchor and was driven onto the Eglinton Rocks near present-day Yanchep, Western Australia. On this occasion it was more severely damaged, and all thought of salvaging it intact was abandoned. It was later sold by the owners for scrap. However, in 1969, salvage workers were driven off the wreck by a fire. After that time, the partly dismantled remains of the ship sat in several metres of water, visible to visitors, before gradually disintegrating. SS Alkimos (1943) Alkimos was a Greek-owned merchant ship which was wrecked on the coast north of Perth, Western"
"Guamblin Island Guamblin Island, also known as Socorro Island, Nuestra Señora del Socorro or Huamblin, is a Chilean island. It is part of the Chonos Archipelago, although it is some 25 km distant from the other islands of the archipelago, far out in the Pacific Ocean. The island is a National Park, and listed as an Important Bird Area. It is a breeding ground of the sooty shearwater. In June 1973, the Liberian oil tanker ""Napier"" ran aground on the island and sparked an oil spill releasing 30,000 tons of oil. After the rescue of the crew, ""Napier"" was fired"
"Sligo, a winchman or ""donkey engine man"" and was presumed drowned, James Costello, age 31, from Riverside, Sligo, a fireman killed by the explosion. Both men left a wife and children. J P Gillen, from Rosses Point, was the only passenger, returning home for the Christmas holidays who drowned. As of December 1996 the wreck has been identified by divers from the Isle of Man. The company became embroiled in the 1913 Sligo Dock strike. In 1922 the SS Tartar was commandeered by the Free State government for operations in the north Sligo area against anti-treaty forces. Sligo Steam Navigation"
"was deployed to the Persian Gulf and Far East as leader of the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, taking part in the Beira Patrol, a deployment that was used to prevent oil reaching Rhodesia via Mozambique. On 1 June 1970, the Royal Fleet Auxiliary tanker , on her way to refuel ""Andromeda"", struck an uncharted pinnacle of rock off the Seychelles, and sank. ""Andromeda"" was the first ship on the scene of the accident, and helped to rescue the crew of ""Ennerdale"", the wreck of which was later destroyed by explosives. Later that year, ""Andromeda"" returned to European waters. On 23 October"