"""Vörös Lobogó won 10–4 on aggregate."" ""Reims won 4–2 on aggregate."" ""Rapid Wien won 6–2 on aggregate."" ""Milan won 7–5 on aggregate."" ""Hibernian won 4–1 on aggregate."" ""Reims won 8–6 on aggregate."" ""Real Madrid won 4–3 on aggregate."" ""Milan won 8–3 on aggregate."" ""Reims won 3–0 on aggregate."" ""Real Madrid won 5–4 on aggregate."" 1955–56 European Cup The 1955–56 European Cup was the first season of the European Cup, UEFA's premier club football tournament. The tournament was won by Real Madrid, who defeated Reims 4–3 in the final at Parc des Princes, Paris, on 13 June 1956. The participating clubs"
"any city in the US through its first fifty years. The best known wheel clamp in the UK is the 'London Wheel Clamp'. The designer, Trevor Whitehouse and patent owner of device number GB2251416A filed the patent in 1991. He originally called the device the 'Preston', after his home town in Lancashire. Primarily used on private land, its notoriety grew once it was introduced to public roads under the Road Traffic Regulations Act of 1991 (commonly known as the de-criminalising of the yellow lines act). The first areas in the country to be decriminalised were the 33 London Boroughs during"
"rang a bell to alert caretakers. One example of this type which can still be seen today is in the ""Santo Spirito"" hospital at the Vatican City; this wheel was installed in medieval times and used until the 19th century. In Hamburg, Germany, a Dutch merchant set up a wheel (""Drehladen"") in an orphanage in 1709. It closed after only five years in 1714 as the number of babies left there was too high for the orphanage to cope with financially. Other wheels are known to have existed in Kassel (1764) and Mainz (1811). In France, foundling wheels (""tours d'abandon"","
"fifth century BCE Spain that spread across the Roman Empire constitutes a crank. The earliest evidence of a crank and connecting rod mechanism dates to the 3rd century AD Hierapolis sawmill in the Roman Empire. The crank also appears in the mid-9th century in several of the hydraulic devices described by the Banū Mūsā brothers in their ""Book of Ingenious Devices"". In 1206, al-Jazari invented an early crankshaft, which he incorporated with a crank-connecting rod mechanism in his twin-cylinder pump. Like the modern crankshaft, al-Jazari's mechanism consisted of a wheel setting several crankpins into motion, with the wheel's motion being"
"dated real wheel-axle combination, that from Stare Gmajne near Ljubljana in Slovenia (Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel) is now dated within two standard deviations to 3340–3030 BCE, the axle to 3360–3045 BCE. Two types of early Neolithic European wheel and axle are known; a circumalpine type of wagon construction (the wheel and axle rotate together, as in Ljubljana Marshes Wheel), and that of the Baden culture in Hungary (axle does not rotate). They both are dated to c. 3200–3000 BCE. In China, the wheel was certainly present with the adoption of the chariot in c. 1200 BCE, although Barbieri-Low argues for"
"design that includes the International Symbol of Access wheelchair logo, and a blue clock face in line with the EU blue badge system introduced in 2000. Disc parking was first introduced in Paris in 1957 and adopted in Kassel in 1961—in both cases the new parking system was introduced in an attempt to move away long-term parkers without erecting parking meters, which was considered too expensive. The concept proved to be effective and it spread throughout European countries in the 1960s. The first parking discs showed two clock faces—one with the arrival time and one with the departure time. Over"
"was introduced in 2000 and the old designs abolished in 2003. Modern parking signs demanding disc parking include a pictogram of the standardized EU parking disc along with a number showing the maximum parking time in hours. The disc parking scheme was invented in Paris in the 1950s. The number of vehicles in the capital region had increased considerably from 400,000 in 1938 to as much as 920,000 at the end of 1955. On September 19, 1955 the police prefect ordered to tow off cars that were parked illegally. In parallel investigations were started how to get rid of the"
"(1345) The Ponte Vecchio in Florence is considered medieval Europe's first stone segmental arch bridge. Treadwheel crane (1220s) The earliest reference to a treadwheel in archival literature is in France about 1225, followed by an illuminated depiction in a manuscript of probably also French origin dating to 1240. Apart from tread-drums, windlasses and occasionally cranks were employed for powering cranes. Stationary harbour crane (1244) Stationary harbour cranes are considered a new development of the Middle Ages; its earliest use being documented for Utrecht in 1244. The typical harbour crane was a pivoting structure equipped with double treadwheels. There were two"
"has multiple uses. The earliest surviving depiction of a European spinning wheel is a panel of stained glass in the Cathedral of Chartres. Bobbins and warping machines appear together in the stained glass at Chartres and in a fresco in the Cologne Kunkelhaus (ca 1300). It is possible that the toothed warping machine was created by the silk industry; it allowed the warp to be more uniform and allowed the warp to be of a longer length. Starting at the end of the 14th century, no doubt on account of the devastation caused mid-century by the Black Death, there was"
"Wheel of Manchester The Wheel of Manchester was a transportable Ferris wheel installation at Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester, England. The wheel was originally a smaller installation based in Exchange Square, first assembled in 2004. The wheel's size was increased to in 2007, and plans existed to increase this further. However, these plans were never submitted. The wheel was dismantled in 2012 to make way for 2012 Olympics celebrations and Metrolink construction work. In 2013, a new wheel was installed in Piccadilly Gardens. It was dismantled in June 2015. The first wheel was first installed in 2004 which was a success and"
"Wheel clamp A wheel clamp, also known as wheel boot, parking boot, or Denver boot, is a device that is designed to prevent motor vehicles from being moved. In its most common form, it consists of a clamp that surrounds a vehicle wheel, designed to prevent removal of both itself and the wheel. In the United States, the device became known as a ""Denver boot"" after the city of Denver, Colorado, which was the first place in the country to employ them, mostly to force the payment of outstanding parking tickets. While primarily associated with law enforcement and parking violations,"
"1914 and 1925 there were at least 25 patents related to wheel locks that attached on the tire and spoke wheel. These devices were available in many sizes from a number of manufacturers (including several patented by Miller-Chapman), and became popular during the early 1920s. The modern wheel clamp, originally known as the auto immobiliser, was invented in 1944 and patented in 1958 by Frank Marugg. Marugg was a pattern maker, a violinist with the Denver Symphony Orchestra, and a friend of many Denver politicians and police department officials. The police department needed a solution to a growing parking enforcement"
"clamp from 14 to 58 inches either from the wheel’s inside or from the center bore. Note that the truck tire changer was the first-ever automatic machine tool which removed tire from wheel rim, and was invented and manufactured by The May Brothers, Fred and George May (now deceased) of River Rouge and Taylor, (Detroit) Michigan. The May Brothers are also responsible for perfecting the modern electric iron design we still use today (patent sold to Sears Roebuck for lifelong residuals to Fred and Ann May (Fred's wife, 1910–2012) and also inventing and patenting the device which pleats curtain rods."
"the crank of converting circular motion into reciprocal motion never seems to have been fully realized in China, and the crank was typically absent from such machines until the turn of the 20th century. A crank in the form of an eccentrically-mounted handle of the rotary handmill appeared in 5th century BC Celtiberian Spain and ultimately spread across the Roman Empire. A Roman iron crank dating to the 2nd century AD was excavated in Augusta Raurica, Switzerland. The crank-operated Roman mill is dated to the late 2nd century. Evidence for the crank combined with a connecting rod appears in the"
"of devices in the U.S. state of Washington, the practice continues. In February 2013 charges were laid against a private parking operator, along with the property owner, in the city of Los Angeles for attaching wheel clamps to vehicles in a privately owned parking lot. In the Republic of Ireland, clamping in public places is legal under a 1988 amendment to the Road Traffic Act 1961. Clamping in private car parks is widespread but not regulated by statute, and the legality of the practice is unclear. The breaches for which an ""immobilisation device"" may be fitted under the 1961 act"
"Wheel of Dublin The Wheel of Dublin, also known as Revolver, was a transportable Ferris wheel installation in the Dublin Docklands in the North Wall area of Dublin, Ireland. Commissioned by Harry Crosbie and operated by World Tourist Attractions, it opened to the public in July 2010 and was closed and dismantled 16 months later in November 2011. When it was installed, it was reported to be ""60 metres high"". However, when it was dismantled and moved to York, it was reported as ""the 53-metre observation wheel"". It weighed 350 tons, had 42 capsules, and a total capacity of 336"
"Wheel of Birmingham The Wheel of Birmingham or Birmingham Wheel was a series of transportable Ferris wheel installations at Centenary Square in Birmingham, England. These have been landmarks in central Birmingham, visible from many parts of the City. The first opened on 6 November 2003, and its replacement opened on 21 October 2004, both being tall. A third wheel, the Birmingham Mail Wheel, operated from 18 January 2010 until 22 February 2010, and was also 60 m tall. The first wheel, the Roue de Paris, had originally operated in Paris. When the Birmingham installation opened to the public on Thursday"
"Clamping Act 2015, passed as part of the Fine Gael–Labour coalition's 2011 programme for government. The 2015 act regulates private as well as public clamping. It also seeks to improve and standardise the level of fines and the appeals process, which have been the focus of public dissatisfaction. Wheel clamp A wheel clamp, also known as wheel boot, parking boot, or Denver boot, is a device that is designed to prevent motor vehicles from being moved. In its most common form, it consists of a clamp that surrounds a vehicle wheel, designed to prevent removal of both itself and the"
"passengers. Wheel of Dublin The Wheel of Dublin, also known as Revolver, was a transportable Ferris wheel installation in the Dublin Docklands in the North Wall area of Dublin, Ireland. Commissioned by Harry Crosbie and operated by World Tourist Attractions, it opened to the public in July 2010 and was closed and dismantled 16 months later in November 2011. When it was installed, it was reported to be ""60 metres high"". However, when it was dismantled and moved to York, it was reported as ""the 53-metre observation wheel"". It weighed 350 tons, had 42 capsules, and a total capacity of"
"were sold. In 1935-1936, Clark built a one-of-a-kind aluminum body trolley (a PCC streetcar) that ran in Brooklyn and Queens, New York, until 1956. This trolley is preserved at the Trolley Museum of New York and is listed on the New York State Register of Historic Places. In 1954 was founded in Brazil the sucursal from Clark Equipments in Valinhos, a city near São Paulo where gears and transmissions for trucks begun to be produced for the South American Market. That plant also has produces lifts and construct machinery. The Brazilian plant still was leader for mechanical transmissions until 1995"
"Breaking wheel The breaking wheel or execution wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or simply the Wheel, was a torture method used for public execution from antiquity through Middle Ages into the early modern period by breaking a criminal's bones and/or bludgeoning them to death. The practice was abolished in Bavaria in 1813 and in the Electorate of Hesse in 1836: the last known execution by the ""Wheel"" took place in Prussia in 1841. In the Holy Roman Empire, it was a ""mirror punishment"" for highwaymen and street thieves but was also set out in the ""Sachsenspiegel"" for murder"
"Breaking wheel The breaking wheel or execution wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or simply the Wheel, was a torture method used for public execution from antiquity through Middle Ages into the early modern period by breaking a criminal's bones and/or bludgeoning them to death. The practice was abolished in Bavaria in 1813 and in the Electorate of Hesse in 1836: the last known execution by the ""Wheel"" took place in Prussia in 1841. In the Holy Roman Empire, it was a ""mirror punishment"" for highwaymen and street thieves but was also set out in the ""Sachsenspiegel"" for murder"
"long history. Until the growing traffic volume of the twentieth century forced the issue, there was no standard rule for moving round them. In 1897 Holroyd Smith in London proposed a ""gyratory"" traffic flow, with traffic going round the circle in a defined direction. Hénard proposed the same in Paris in 1903. Hénard called them ""carrefours à girations"". The first test of the concept was with New York's Columbus Circle, completed in 1905. In 1907 the concept was introduced in Paris in the Place de l'Étoile and Place de la Nation. Roundabouts were introduced in Britain and Germany soon after,"
"dynamic load capacity. Preloaded split nuts and double nuts are available to eliminate backlash. Carl Bruno Strandgren developed some of the earliest effective forms of roller screws and applied for a patent in Nice, France on February 1942. The French patent #888.281 was granted in August 1943 and published in December of the same year. The first commercial Roller Screw was designed and manufactured under his supervision in 1949 and was mounted on a narrow gauge locomotive which operated in a northern France coal mine. Subsequent units were produced and mounted on machine-tools and starting in 1955 on aircraft. At"
"1993/94, hence the name change. Wheel-clamping is notoriously unpopular with unauthorised parkers. While a traffic warden or police officer has jurisdiction over public roads, in many countries, the law allows landowners to clamp vehicles parking on their property without permission. One British man became so annoyed at having his car clamped that he removed the clamp with an angle grinder. He subsequently received publicity as a self-styled ""superhero"" called “Angle-Grinder Man”, offering to remove clamps for free with his angle grinder. Other motorists have cut the clamps off with bolt cutters or even clamping their own cars beforehand so that"
"fallen into disuse in western Europe with the demise of the Western Roman Empire. The earliest reference to a treadwheel (""magna rota"") reappears in archival literature in France about 1225, followed by an illuminated depiction in a manuscript of probably also French origin dating to 1240. In navigation, the earliest uses of harbor cranes are documented for Utrecht in 1244, Antwerp in 1263, Brugge in 1288 and Hamburg in 1291, while in England the treadwheel is not recorded before 1331. Generally, vertical transport could be done more safely and inexpensively by cranes than by customary methods. Typical areas of application"
"important experiments which established that multiple unit powered cars were a better way to operate trains and trolleys. Sarajevo built a citywide system of electric trams in 1885. Budapest established its tramway system in 1887, and its ring line has grown to be the busiest tram line in Europe, with a tram running every 60 seconds at rush hour. Bucharest and Belgrade ran a regular service from 1894. Ljubljana introduced its tram system in 1901 – it closed in 1958. The first electric tramway in Australia was a Sprague system demonstrated at the 1888 Melbourne Centennial Exhibition in Melbourne; afterwards,"
"Wheel cylinder A wheel cylinder is a component of a hydraulic drum brake system. It is located in each wheel and is usually positioned at the top of the wheel, above the shoes. Its function is to exert force onto the shoes so as to bring them into contact with the drum and stop the vehicle with friction. The wheel cylinders are usually connected to the shoes with small bird-beak shaped rods. Wheel cylinders were first invented by Bendix in 1958, It is very similar to a slave cylinder and functions in much the same way, internally consisting of only"
"were first to benefit from it: they used conductors in conduit below the road surface (see Conduit current collection), usually on selected parts of the networks. This was first tried in Cleveland (1884) and in Denver (1885) and later spread to many big tram networks (e.g. New York, Chicago, Washington DC, London, Paris, all of which are closed) and Berlin (the third rail system in the city was abandoned in the first years of the 20th century after heavy snowfall.) The system was tried in the beachside resort of Blackpool, UK but was soon abandoned as sand and saltwater was"
"in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was chancellor. The British Transport and Road Research Laboratory published a comprehensive report in 1973 examining vehicle behavior for a large variety of different bump geometries. At the time speed humps were not permitted on public roads but had been installed on private roads. According to a publication by the Institute of Transportation Engineers, the first speed bump in Europe was built in 1970 in the city of Delft in the Netherlands. A speed bump is also known as a ""sleeping policeman"" in British English, Maltese English and Caribbean English, a ""judder bar"" in"
"BCE. The earliest known use of the wheel for transportation is in Mesopotamian chariots about 3200 years ago. Egyptians developed wheels with spokes about 2000 years ago, followed by Europeans some 1400 years ago. Another source says the oldest wheel used for transportation, with a radius of 27.5 inches (70 centimeters), was discovered in 2002, about 12.5 miles (20 kilometres) south west of Ljubljana in Slovenia, and is believed to be 5200 years old. Most wheels are single-piece wheels, made using casting, forging, rim rolling and/or high light methods. In casting, wheels are made by using a mold. The mold"
"cable. The power to move the cable was normally provided at a ""powerhouse"" site a distance away from the actual vehicle. The London and Blackwall Railway, which opened for passengers in east London, England, in 1840 used such a system. The first practical cable car line was tested in San Francisco, in 1873. Part of its success is attributed to the development of an effective and reliable cable grip mechanism, to grab and release the moving cable without damage. The second city to operate cable trams was Dunedin in New Zealand, from 1881 to 1957. The most extensive cable system"
"Canberra was progressing rapidly. In Japan, the Kyoto Electric railroad was the first tram system, starting operation in 1895. By 1932, the network had grown to 82 railway companies in 65 cities, with a total network length of . By the 1960s the tram had generally died out in Japan. Two rare but significant alternatives were conduit current collection, which was widely used in London, Washington, D.C. and New York City, and the surface contact collection method, used in Wolverhampton (the Lorain system), Torquay and Hastings in the UK (the Dolter stud system), and currently in Bordeaux, France (the ground-level"