"well-established on the European musical scene. These improvements are attributed to J.C. Denner, but may have also been an invention of his son Jacob Denner who was trained by his father. Another son, Johann David, helped with the business but is not recorded as an instrument builder. The Denners were the only instrument builders to produce both chalumeaux and clarinets. Composers initially favored the chalumeau, but the clarinet soon overtook it in repertoire and ubiquity. Estienne Roger in Amsterdam published a set of duets for two chalumeaux in 1706 (prior to the first duets for clarinet). And in 1716, the"
"diminutive version of the 'clarion' or 'clarino' and it has been suggested that clarino players may have helped themselves out by playing particularly difficult passages on these newly developed ""mock trumpets"". Johann Christoph Denner is generally believed to have invented the clarinet in Germany around the year 1700 by adding a register key to the earlier chalumeau. Over time, additional keywork and airtight pads were added to improve the tone and playability. In modern times, the most popular clarinet is the B clarinet. However, the clarinet in A, just a semitone lower, is regularly used in orchestral music. An orchestral"
"Nail violin The nail violin is a musical instrument which was invented by German violinist Johann Wilde in 1740. The instrument consists of a semicircular wooden soundboard, approximately by in size, with iron or brass nails of different lengths arranged to produce a chromatic scale when bowed. Wilde was inspired to create the instrument when he accidentally drew his bow across a metal peg, which produced a musical sound. The instrument consists of a semicircular wooden soundboard, approximately by in size, with iron or brass nails of different lengths arranged to produce a chromatic scale when bowed. The bow used"
"is apparently derived from its sound. The ""mandolin zither"" (or mandolin harp) has doubled strings in unison courses producing a more mandolin-like sound. Guitar zither The guitar zither (also chord zither, fretless zither, mandolin zither or harp zither) is a musical instrument consisting of a sound-box with two sets of unstopped strings. One set of strings is tuned to the diatonic, chromatic, or partially chromatic scale and the other set is tuned to make the various chords in the principal key of the melody strings. First patented May 29, 1894 by Friederich Menzenhauer (1858-1937), the guitar zither came into use"
"in known compositions. Daxophone The daxophone, invented by Hans Reichel (1949–2011), is an electric wooden experimental musical instrument of the friction idiophones category. The ""dax"" in ""daxophone"" is derived from the German word ""Dachs"", meaning ""badger"" and referencing the many animal sounds that the daxophone is capable of generating, changed to ""dax"" so that the instrument name echoes Adolphe Sax's saxophone. The first usage of the daxophone in a musical work was the release of Hans Reichel's album ""The Dawn of Dachsman"" in 1987. Even with Hans Reichel's second album featuring the daxophone, ""Shanghaied on Tor Road: The World's 1st"
"World War II. Spharophon The Sphärophon or a Spherophone is an electrical musical instrument that was first made as the ""Electrophon"" around 1921 by Jörg Mager, later modified, renamed and exhibited in 1926. Mager invented two different variants of the Sphärophon. The first version was similar to a Theremin, but Mager's design had the capability to change the timbre of the sound that was produced as well as utilize discrete pitches. His second prototype was keyboard-based but used a radio frequency oscillator as well. This instrument was capable of producing quarter tones of an octave. In many of his instruments,"
"Steerhorn The steerhorn (German: ""stierhorn"", also known in English as a cowhorn or bullhorn) is an extremely long medieval bugle horn. The instrument has been used both orchestrally and in war. The steerhorn has a straight tube with an exact conical bore and no bell flare. The steerhorn is used in Wagner's ""Der Ring des Nibelungen"", as the score requires one steerhorn in ""Die Walküre"" and four in ""Götterdämmerung"". Today, many orchestras substitute the trombone or bass trombone. The Solti recording, the Golden Ring, had a steerhorn specially made as American soldiers carried off Bayreuth's steerhorns after the end of"
"Guitar zither The guitar zither (also chord zither, fretless zither, mandolin zither or harp zither) is a musical instrument consisting of a sound-box with two sets of unstopped strings. One set of strings is tuned to the diatonic, chromatic, or partially chromatic scale and the other set is tuned to make the various chords in the principal key of the melody strings. First patented May 29, 1894 by Friederich Menzenhauer (1858-1937), the guitar zither came into use in the late 19th century and was widely mass-produced in the United States and in Germany by Menzenhauer and later by Oscar Schmidt"
"Daxophone The daxophone, invented by Hans Reichel (1949–2011), is an electric wooden experimental musical instrument of the friction idiophones category. The ""dax"" in ""daxophone"" is derived from the German word ""Dachs"", meaning ""badger"" and referencing the many animal sounds that the daxophone is capable of generating, changed to ""dax"" so that the instrument name echoes Adolphe Sax's saxophone. The first usage of the daxophone in a musical work was the release of Hans Reichel's album ""The Dawn of Dachsman"" in 1987. Even with Hans Reichel's second album featuring the daxophone, ""Shanghaied on Tor Road: The World's 1st Operetta Performed on"
"The cittern or cithren (Fr. cistre, It. cetra, Ger. zitter, zither, Sp. cistro, cedra, cítola)[1] is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance. Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole (or cytole). It looks much like the modern-day flat-back mandolin and the modern Irish bouzouki. Its flat-back design was simpler and cheaper to construct than the lute. It was also easier to play, smaller, less delicate and more portable. Played by all classes, the cittern was a premier instrument of casual music-making much as is the guitar today."
"World War II. Steerhorn The steerhorn (German: ""stierhorn"", also known in English as a cowhorn or bullhorn) is an extremely long medieval bugle horn. The instrument has been used both orchestrally and in war. The steerhorn has a straight tube with an exact conical bore and no bell flare. The steerhorn is used in Wagner's ""Der Ring des Nibelungen"", as the score requires one steerhorn in ""Die Walküre"" and four in ""Götterdämmerung"". Today, many orchestras substitute the trombone or bass trombone. The Solti recording, the Golden Ring, had a steerhorn specially made as American soldiers carried off Bayreuth's steerhorns after"
"to a number of structural improvements. The first and most important development was the displacement of the rear key up towards the mouthpiece. Denner also reduced the size of the hole and inserted a small tube to facilitate overblowing, greatly increasing the range of the instrument to nearly three octaves. The instrument was also lengthened to increase accuracy of tuning, the recorder like foot joint of the chalumeau was replaced by a bell similar to the oboe, and a key on the lower joint was eventually added to sound a b’. This new instrument eventually became the Baroque clarinet and"
"thought to be Spanish. Another well known example is a slightly later instrument in Linz, leather covered and with a built-in mute. The latest commonly copied example is by Denner, 1700, which also has a built in mute. Modern copies of the Linz instrument have a smoother sound and reach the high notes more easily, this is even more the case for modern copies of the Denner instrument. The dulcian is a flexible instrument, capable of being loud enough to play in outdoor bands, quiet enough for chamber music, and expressive enough to join in with the choir. Its uses"
"plucked the strings (as a harpsichord) rather than strike them (as a piano). The claviharp used metal strings covered with an insulating material to better stay in tune. Its keyboard was the same as that of other keyboard instruments, so permitting the playing of chromatic scales. The instrument had two pedals. One sustained or dampened the strings, and the second divided certain strings into two equal parts to provide harmonic octaves. The instrument was much lighter and transportable than a piano. Claviharp The claviharp is a 19th-century musical instrument that combined a harp with a keyboard. J. C. Dietz invented"
"Spharophon The Sphärophon or a Spherophone is an electrical musical instrument that was first made as the ""Electrophon"" around 1921 by Jörg Mager, later modified, renamed and exhibited in 1926. Mager invented two different variants of the Sphärophon. The first version was similar to a Theremin, but Mager's design had the capability to change the timbre of the sound that was produced as well as utilize discrete pitches. His second prototype was keyboard-based but used a radio frequency oscillator as well. This instrument was capable of producing quarter tones of an octave. In many of his instruments, including the Spharophon,"
"of both""), the ""lasso d'amore"", the double-reed slide music stand, which he described as having ""a range of major third and even less expressiveness,"" the ""tuba mirum"", a flexible tube filled with wine, and the ""pastaphone"", an uncooked tube of manicotti pasta played as a horn. Further invented instruments of his include the ""pumpflute"" (an instrument that requires two people to play: one to pump, and one to flute) and the ""proctophone"" (a latex glove attached to a mouthpiece, and ""the less said about it, the better""). The ""überklavier"" or super piano, with a 15 octave keyboard ranging from sounds"
"and an alto by Nikolaus Staub (1664–1734) with added G keys, like the D key on a baroque two-key flute. Another modification is the narrowing of the thumb hole, by way of an ivory plug on the J. C. Denner basset and an alto by Benedikt Gahn (1674–1711), to allow it to serve purely as an octaving vent, as found on many flageolets and csakans. These changes may be archetypal to those found on csakans and flageolets, and constitute an inchoate justification for the continuous development of the Baroque recorder into its 19th-century relatives. The concept of a recorder ""revival"""
"Wagner tuba The Wagner tuba is an infrequently-used brass instrument that combines tonal elements of both the French horn and the trombone. Wagner tubas (or ""Wagnertuben"") are also referred to as Wagner horns or Bayreuth tubas in English and as Bayreuth-Tuben or simply Tuben in German. The term ""Wagner tuba"" has been used in English since the 19th century and is standard today. Wagner's published scores usually refer to these instruments in the plural, ""Tuben"", but sometimes in the singular, ""Tuba"". The Wagner tuba was originally created for Richard Wagner's operatic cycle ""Der Ring des Nibelungen"". Since then, other composers"
"to have owned a walking-stick csakan). Modern recorder makers such as Bernhard Mollenhauer and Martin Wenner have made csakan copies. Similarities in fingering and design make the csakan at least a close relative of the recorder. Accounts of Krähmer's playing, which report his ""diminishing and swelling the notes, up to an almost unbelievable loudness"" imply a developed technique using shading and alternate fingerings, far beyond a purely amateur culture of house music. Additionally, Tarasov reports that some recorders by Baroque makers were modified, around 1800, through the addition of keys, including a J. C. Denner (1655–1707) basset recorder in Budapest"
"One illustration shows the differences between the ears of humans and other animals. In ""Phonurgia Nova"" (1673) Kircher considered the possibilities of transmitting music to remote places. Other machines designed by Kircher include an aeolian harp, automatons such as a statue which spoke and listened via a speaking tube, a perpetual motion machine, and a Katzenklavier (""cat piano""). The last of these would have driven spikes into the tails of cats, which would yowl to specified pitches, although Kircher is not known to have actually constructed the instrument. In ""Phonurgia Nova"", literally new methods of sound production, Kircher examined acoustic"
"can be made to produce a few more tones."" The three extant renaissance racketts are housed in two European collections; one is in the ""Musikinstrumenten Museum"" in Leipzig, and two are in the ""Kunsthistorisches Museum"" in Vienna. The baroque rackett (developed by the Nuremberg maker J. C. Denner, 1655–1707) combined the folded bore concept with a conical (or pseudo-conical) bore profile; in essence, it is a bassoon in rackett form. It has ten parallel cylindrical bores whose diameters increase in succession to function as a true conical bore and allow overblowing at the octave. A number of ""tetines"" were added,"
"Barbara Dennerlein Barbara Dennerlein (born 25 September 1964 in Munich) is a German jazz organist. She has achieved particular critical acclaim for using the bass pedalboard on a Hammond organ, and for integrating synthesizer sounds onto the instrument, and was described by critic Ron Wynn as ""the most interesting jazz organist to emerge during the 1980s."" Dennerlein was born and grew up in Munich, Germany. She began playing the organ aged 11 after receiving a small Hohner instrument for Christmas. She was encouraged by her grandfather to learn a musical instrument, and her parents were both jazz enthusiasts. She took"
"this instrument is by Michael Praetorius in 1619. A number of regional names for the instrument exist. In northern Germany the instrument is often called ""hummel"", meaning ""bumble bee"" (a reference to the humming sound of the drone strings—the same word was also used for the bagpipe). Other names include the Dutch ""noordse balk"", French ""bûche"" or ""bûche de Meuse"", Flemish ""vlier"" and Swiss German ""Hexenscheit"". In the Bavarian/Austrian region, the scheitholt can be traced back to the 14th century. Similar instruments are found in other parts of Northern Europe; in America, the scheitholt was probably brought to Pennsylvania by"
"the instrument never regained its former popularity. Stoessel lute The Stoessel lute () is a string instrument invented by Georg Stössel in 1914 in Cologne (Köln), Germany. Its steel strings are fingered not by putting one's hand round the neck, but over the end of it. To this end, most Stössel lutes have very short necks. It is, in effect, a hybrid between a necked string instrument and a zither. The instrument was very popular in Germany and elsewhere in the early 20th century; it was frequently used in German and Austrian schools in the inter-war period. The Second World"
"Waldzither The waldzither () is a plucked string instrument from Germany that came up around 1900 in Thuringia. It is a type of cittern that has nine steel strings in five courses. Different types of waldzither come in different tunings, which are generally open tunings as usual in citterns. The most common type has the tuning C3*G3 G3*C4 C4*E4 E4*G4 G4. Producers of the waldzither attempted to establish it as a national instrument of Germany in the first half of the 20th century, when more complicated instruments were hard to get and to afford. Martin Luther was popularly said to"
"Demian’s invention comprised a small manual bellows and five keys, although, as Demian noted in a description of the instrument, extra keys could be incorporated into the design. Numerous variations of the device soon followed. 1st - In a box 7 to 9 inches long, 3½ inches wide and 2 inches high, feathers of metal plates are fixed, which were known for more than 200 years as Regale, Zungen, Schnarrwerk, in organs. 2nd - With bellows fixed to the above box and its 5 claves fixed below, even an amateur of music can play the loveliest and most moving chords"
"Hang (instrument) The Hang (; plural form: Hanghang) is a musical instrument in the idiophone class created by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer in Bern, Switzerland. The name of their company is PANArt Hangbau AG. The Hang is sometimes referred to as a ""hang drum"", but the inventors consider this a misnomer and strongly discourage its use. The instrument is constructed from two half-shells of deep drawn, nitrided steel sheet glued together at the rim leaving the inside hollow and creating the shape of a convex lens. The top (""Ding"") side has a center 'note' hammered into it and seven"
"these makers also built other wind instruments such as oboes and transverse flutes. Notably, Jacob Denner is credited with the development of the clarinet from the chalumeau. Recorder making declined with the instrument’s wane in the late 18th century, essentially severing the craft's transmission to the modern age. With few exceptions, the duct flutes manufactured in the 19th and late 18th centuries were intended for amateur or educational use, and were not constructed to the high standard of earlier epochs. Arnold Dolmetsch, the first to achieve commercial production in the twentieth century, began to build recorders in 1919. While these"
"it in 1711, including a diagram of the mechanism, that was translated into German and widely distributed. Most of the next generation of piano builders started their work based on reading this article. One of these builders was Gottfried Silbermann, better known as an organ builder. Silbermann's pianos were virtually direct copies of Cristofori's, with one important addition: Silbermann invented the forerunner of the modern sustain pedal, which lifts all the dampers from the strings simultaneously. This allows the pianist to sustain the notes that they have depressed even after their fingers are no longer pressing down the keys. This"
"Denis d'or The Denis d’or (Golden Dionysus) was, in the broadest sense, possibly the first electric musical instrument in history. The Czech theologian Václav Prokop Diviš who had his parish in the Moravian town Přímětice near Znojmo, was interested in both music and electricity. He studied the use of electricity first for medical and agrarian purposes, later for the prevention of thunderstorms. He also tried to apply it to music when he created his own musical instrument that he named ""Denis d'or"", with the French ""Denis"" (etymologically going back to ""Dionysus""), whose Czech counterpart is ""Diviš""—hence the name. The earliest"
"registered by Athanasius Kircher on his Tarantella Napoletana (tono hypodorico). When used in an orchestral or jug band setting, castanets are sometimes attached to a handle, or mounted to a base to form a pair of machine castanets. This makes them easier to play, but also alters the sound, particularly for the machine castanets. It is possible to produce a roll on a pair of castanets in any of the three ways in which they are held. When held in the hand, they are bounced against the fingers and palm of the hand; on sticks, bouncing between fingers and the"
"Claviharp The claviharp is a 19th-century musical instrument that combined a harp with a keyboard. J. C. Dietz invented the instrument in 1813 CE. His grandfather was one of the first upright piano manufacturers. Struck by what he saw as difficulties and defects of the harp, in 1810, he built an ""instrument à cordes pincées à clavier"", which connected a keyboard to the harp strings. He made the instrument to address limitations of the harp—susceptibility of catgut strings to atmospheric change, inconsistency of sound as finger motion varies, limited diatonic scale (without pedals), and lack of dampers. The claviharp's keyboard"
"three or four autobiographical novels that give a feel of the musical scene of his era and make use of humor. In them the narrator is referred to as Daniel Simplex. His novels had largely become obscure until rediscovery in the 1930s. As a composer, Speer for example produced music for trombones. Keyboard miniatures have also survived. He might be best known for his Sonata No. 29 from ""Die Bänkelsängerlieder"" for brass quintet, which is often played at weddings and formal occasions. Daniel Speer Georg Daniel Speer (2 July 1636 – 5 October 1707) was a German composer and writer"