"Medal ""For the Defence of Stalingrad"" The Medal ""For the Defence of Stalingrad"" () was a World War II campaign medal of the Soviet Union. The Medal ""For the Defence of Stalingrad"" was established on December 22, 1942 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The medal's statute was amended on July 18, 1980 by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR № 2523-X. The Medal ""For the Defence of Stalingrad"" was awarded to all participants in the defence of Stalingrad—soldiers of the Red Army, Navy and troops of the NKVD,"
"November 1961, Nikita Khrushchev's administration changed the name of the city to Volgograd (""Volga City"") as part of his programme of de-Stalinization following Stalin's death, as he was trying to reduce the ""cult of personality"". This action was and remains somewhat controversial, given Stalingrad's importance as a symbol of resistance during the war. During Konstantin Chernenko's brief administration in 1984, proposals were floated to revive its historic name. There remains a strong degree of local support for a reversion but intermittent proposals have yet to be accepted by the Russian government. On May 21, 2007, the Communist Party obtained an"
"honor Stalin and his actions. About 17 years later the city would once again be a battlefield, this time for the decisive battle of the Eastern Front of World War II, the bloody Battle of Stalingrad. The city was renamed in 1961 to Volgograd by Nikita Khrushchev during his de-Stalinization reforms. Battle of Tsaritsyn The Battle of Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between Bolshevik forces and the White Army during the Russian Civil War. It was for control of the significant city and port on the Volga River in southwestern Russia. The battle resulted in a Bolshevik victory. The battle"
"to manage a potash works in the Urals before being expelled from the party along with Molotov in 1962. As part of de-Stalinization, Khrushchev set about renaming the numerous towns, cities, factories, natural features, and kholkozes around the country named in honor of Stalin and his aides, most notably Stalingrad, site of the great WWII battle, was renamed to Volgograd. Much like the initial condemnation of Stalin, Khrushchev's attack on the ""anti-party group"" drew negative reactions from China. The People's Daily remarked ""How can [Molotov], one of the founding fathers of the CPSU, be a member of an anti-party group?"""
"SS Stalingrad SS ""Stalingrad"" was a steamship of the Soviet Union, named after the Soviet city of Stalingrad, itself named after Joseph Stalin. She was built at Soviet Shipyard No. 189 (Ordzhonikidze) in Leningrad and operated by Glavnoe Upravlenie Severnogo Morskogo Puti (GUSMP), who homeported her in Vladivostok. She had entered service in 1933. ""Stalingrad"" was one of ten ""Anadyr""-class cargo-passenger ships built for ice navigation in the Far East, around the port of Vladivostok. They had the unofficial name of ""far-easterners"". They were initially designed to be powered by diesel but were redesigned as coal powered steamers for economic"
"Stalingrad Front The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River. By order of the ""Stavka"" on July 12, 1942, Stalingrad Front was formed, under the command of Marshal S.K. Timoshenko, with N.S. Khrushchev as member of the Military Council and Gen. P.I. Bodin as chief of staff. Ostensibly this was simply a renaming of the now-dissolved Southwestern Front, but in fact was"
"latter part is untrue). Stalin sued Martov for libel and won. After seizing Petrograd, civil war broke out in Russia, pitting Lenin's Red Army against the White Army, a loose alliance of anti-Bolshevik forces. Lenin formed an eight-member Politburo which included Stalin and Trotsky. During this time, only Stalin and Trotsky were allowed to see Lenin without an appointment. In May 1918, Lenin dispatched Stalin to the city of Tsaritsyn (later known as Stalingrad, now Volgograd). Situated on the Lower Volga, it was a key supply route to the oil and grain of the North Caucasus. There was a critical"
"Americas instead. Following the Russian Revolution, the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (""Autonome Sozialistische Sowjet-Republik der Wolga-Deutschen"" in German; АССР Немцев Поволжья in Russian) was established in 1924, and it lasted until 1941. Its capital was Engels, known as ""Pokrovsk"" (""Kosakenstadt"" in German) before 1931. Of all the ethnic German communities in the Soviet Union, the Volga Germans represented the single largest group expelled from their historical homeland. Shortly after the German invasion, on June 22, 1941, Stalin sent Beria and Molotov to the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to determine a course of action for its German"
"in October 1956. The biggest one, the Prague monument, was taken down in November 1962. Given momentum by these public renamings, the process of de-Stalinization peaked in 1961 during the 22nd Congress of the CPSU. Two climactic acts of de-Stalinization marked the meetings: first, on 31 October 1961, Stalin's body was moved from Lenin's Mausoleum in Red Square to a location near the Kremlin wall; second, on 11 November 1961, the ""hero city"" Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. Contemporary historians regard the beginning of de-Stalinization as a turning point in the history of the Soviet Union that began during the Khrushchev"
"driving the Whites eastward, from the Middle Volga at Kazan to the Kama and eventually to Ufa on the Belaya. In modern times, the city on the big bend of the Volga, currently known as Volgograd, witnessed the Battle of Stalingrad, possibly the bloodiest battle in human history, in which the Soviet Union and the German forces were deadlocked in a stalemate battle for access to the river. The Volga was (and still is) a vital transport route between central Russia and the Caspian Sea, which provides access to the oil fields of the Apsheron Peninsula. Hitler planned to use"
"got its first tram-line, and the city's first electric lights were installed in the city center. During the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923, Tsaritsyn came under Soviet control from November 1917. In 1918 White troops under the Ataman of the Don Cossack Host, Pyotr Krasnov, besieged Tsaritsyn. The Reds repulsed three assaults by the Whites. However, in June 1919 the White Armed Forces of South Russia under the command of General Denikin captured Tsaritsyn, which they held until January 1920. The fighting from July 1918 to January 1920 became known as the Battle for Tsaritsyn. The city was renamed Stalingrad"
"the feet to the tip of the 27-metre sword, dominating the skyline of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd). The construction uses concrete, except for the stainless-steel blade of the sword, and is held on its plinth solely by its own weight. The statue is evocative of classical Greek representations of Nike, in particular the flowing drapery, similar to that of the Nike of Samothrace. Mamayev Kurgan Mamayev Kurgan () is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means ""tumulus of Mamai"". The formation is dominated by a memorial"
"Mamayev Kurgan Mamayev Kurgan () is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) in Southern Russia. The name in Russian means ""tumulus of Mamai"". The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 to February 1943). The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern Front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named ""The Motherland Calls"" on Mamayev Kurgan formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world; When forces of"
"Bolhrad Bolhrad (; Bulgarian and ; ), also known by its Russian name Bolgrad, is a small city in Odessa Oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Budjak. It is the administrative center of Bolhrad Raion (district). Population: Bolhrad was founded in 1821 by Bulgarian settlers in Bessarabia, under the direction of General Ivan Inzov who is ""revered"" by Bolhrad residents as the ""Founder of Our City."" Bolhrad became part of Moldavia from 1856 to 1859, Romania from 1859 to 1878, 1918 to 1940, and 1941 to 1944, before being incorporated into the USSR (in the territory"
"mausoleum and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis next to the Kremlin walls, the location marked only by a simple bust. Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. Khrushchev's de-Stalinisation process in Soviet society ended when he was replaced as leader by Leonid Brezhnev in 1964; the latter introduced a level of re-Stalinisation within the Soviet Union. In 1969 and again in 1979, plans were proposed for a full rehabilitation of Stalin's legacy, but on both occasions were defeated by critics within the Soviet and international Marxist-Leninist movement. Gorbachev saw the total denunciation of Stalin as necessary for the regeneration of Soviet society."
"Old Sarepta Old Sarepta (Russian Старая Сарепта) now Krasnoarmeysky Rayon, is a district of Volgograd, in Russia. Sarepta was founded 28 kilometers south of Tsaritsyn by the Moravian Brethren in 1765 when Catherine II sought to attract German settlers (so-called Volga Germans) to expand crop production in southern Russia and defend against the invasions of Kalmyk, Kazakh, and Tatar tribes. Its name comes from Sarepta in I Kings 17:7 and here derives from that of the Sarpa river, which flows into the Volga nearby. The city was renamed Krasnoarmeisk in 1920, and became a district of Volgograd (then Stalingrad) in"
"of the ethnic groups of the Volga German ASSR: Created on January 12, 1924 by the declaration at the first session of the Central Executive Committee of the Republic Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Nemtsev Povolzh'ya) was an autonomous republic established in Soviet Russia. Its capital was the Volga River port of Engels (known as ""Pokrovsk"" or ""Kosakenstadt"" before 1931). The republic was created following the Russian Revolution, by October 29 (some claim 19th) Decree of the Soviet government, ""Volga German Workers' Commune"", giving Soviet Germans a"
"of Europe, sees the Russian regime's neo-Stalinism as a ""non-ideological Stalinism"" that ""seeks control for the sake of control, not for the sake of world revolution"". In 2005, Communist politician Gennady Zyuganov said that Russia ""should once again render honor to Stalin for his role in building socialism and saving human civilization from the Nazi plague"". Zyuganov has said ""Great Stalin does not need rehabilitation"" and has proposed changing the name of Volgograd back to Stalingrad. In 2010, the Communist leader stated: ""Today [...] the greatness of Stalin's era is self-evident even to his most furious haters... We liberated the"
"Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic The Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (; Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika Nemtsev Povolzh'ya) was an autonomous republic established in Soviet Russia. Its capital was the Volga River port of Engels (known as ""Pokrovsk"" or ""Kosakenstadt"" before 1931). The republic was created following the Russian Revolution, by October 29 (some claim 19th) Decree of the Soviet government, ""Volga German Workers' Commune"", giving Soviet Germans a special status among the non-Russians in the USSR. It was upgraded to the status of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on February 20, 1924 (claims of December 19, 1923), by"
"(). The original name meant ""Catherine's Gift"", recognizing both Catherine the Great's grant of land in the Kuban region to the Black Sea Cossacks (created from former Zaporozhian Cossacks) and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, who is considered to be the patron of the city. City status was granted in 1867. On December 7, 1920, as a result of the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar (""Gift of the Reds""). The new name consists of ""Krasno-"" (Красно- – 'red', i.e. Communist, but also archaic/poetic form of 'beautiful'); and ""dar"" (дар – 'gift'). The city originated in 1793 as a military camp,"
"city centre, as well as on the city's main railway station under the hill. They captured the Volgograd railway station on 14 September 1942. On the same day, the Soviet 13th Guards Rifle Division commanded by Alexander Rodimtsev arrived in the city from the east side of the river Volga under heavy German artillery fire. The division's 10,000 men immediately rushed into the battle. On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses. By the following day, almost all of them had died. The Soviets kept reinforcing their units in the city"
"1931. A set of eighteenth century buildings in Sarepta that escaped the bombing during the Battle of Stalingrad is since 1990 an open-air museum called the Old Sarepta Museum of History and Ethnography. see also: New Sarepta, Alberta, Canada Old Sarepta Old Sarepta (Russian Старая Сарепта) now Krasnoarmeysky Rayon, is a district of Volgograd, in Russia. Sarepta was founded 28 kilometers south of Tsaritsyn by the Moravian Brethren in 1765 when Catherine II sought to attract German settlers (so-called Volga Germans) to expand crop production in southern Russia and defend against the invasions of Kalmyk, Kazakh, and Tatar tribes. Its"
"the district remained a part of the former. In 1936, Stalingrad Krai was transformed into Stalingrad Oblast, which was renamed Volgograd Oblast in 1961. Kalachyovsky District Kalachyovsky District () is an administrative district (raion), one of the thirty-three in Volgograd Oblast, Russia. As a municipal division, it is incorporated as Kalachyovsky Municipal District. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Kalach-na-Donu. As of the 2010 Census, the total population of the district was 58,524, with the population of Kalach-na-Donu accounting for 46.0% of that"
"be believed, the Rus of the Khaganate period made extensive use of the Volga route to trade with the Middle East, possibly through Bulgar and Khazar intermediaries. His description of the Rus' island suggests that their center was at Holmgard, an early medieval precursor of Novgorod whose name translates from Old Norse as ""the river-island castle"". The First Novgorod Chronicle describes unrest in Novgorod before Rurik was invited to come rule the region in the 860s. This account prompted Johannes Brøndsted to assert that Holmgard-Novgorod was the khaganate's capital for several decades prior to the appearance of Rurik, including the"
"bears the name of nemesis, Joseph Stalin, in his sights, Hitler sent Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus to crush the city of Stalingrad. What he did not expect was the ferocious resistance offered by Lieutenant General Vasily Chuikov. What was supposed to be a battle lasting only a few weeks dragged to become one of the bloodiest battles in history. Original Airdate: 3/09/2009 Germany and Russia clashed in 1943 near the Soviet city of Kursk, as control of the Eastern Front lay open. The Germans were led by Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, an aristocratic master tactician. Across the battlefield was"
"Staraya Ladoga Staraya Ladoga (); ; ) is a rural locality (a ""selo"") in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, north of the town of Volkhov, the administrative center of the district. It used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries. A multi-ethnic settlement, it was dominated by Scandinavians who were called by the name of Rus'. For that reason, it is sometimes called the first capital of Russia. Dendrochronology suggests that Ladoga was founded in 753. Until 950, it was one of the most important trading"
"reserve from Moscow to the lower Volga, and transferred all available aircraft from the entire country to the Stalingrad area. The Germans eventually lost a quarter of their total forces deployed on the Eastern Front, and never fully recovered from the defeat. The total casualties on both sides are estimated at nearly 2 million, within a period of 200 days. Stalingrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945. In early August 1941, the Black Sea port of Odessa, located in present-day Ukraine, was attacked and besieged by Romanian forces fighting alongside their German allies. The fierce battle in defense"
"and the highest echelons of the Bolshevik hierarchy. His pseudonym, Stalin, means ""man of the steel hand"". The October Revolution took place in the Russian capital of Petrograd on 7 November 1917 (O.S. 25 October 1917), which saw the transfer of all political power to the Soviets. In the Russian Civil War that followed, Stalin forged connections with various Red Army generals and eventually acquired military powers of his own. He brutally suppressed counter-revolutionaries and bandits. After winning the civil war, the Bolsheviks moved to expand the revolution into Europe, starting with Poland, which was fighting the Red Army in"
"Soviet Union could not participate in the hajj to Mecca, so they travelled instead to Bolgar. The Tatars refer to the medieval capital of Volga Bolgaria as ""Shahri Bolghar"" (), that is, ""the City of Bolghar"". The town is part of their cultural heritage, because Volga Bolgaria is viewed by many Tatars as a predecessor state of the Khanate of Kazan, which in turn has cultural links to today's Russian republic of Tatarstan. Today, the capital of Tatarstan is Kazan, but many Tatars consider Bolghar to be their ancient and religious capital and to allow a glimpse of Muslim Bulgar"
"Kalach-na-Donu Kalach-na-Donu (), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It was founded in 1708 as a Cossack ""sloboda"" and was originally called Kalach (). In World War II, the town lent its name to an armored clash between the German 6th Army and the Soviet 64th and 1st Tank Armies from July 25 to August 11, 1942. About three months later, during Operation Uranus, several Soviet tank corps encircled the besieging German 6th Army in"
"Kalach-na-Donu Kalach-na-Donu (), or Kalach-on-the-Don, is a town and the administrative center of Kalachyovsky District in Volgograd Oblast, Russia, located on the Don River, west of Volgograd, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: It was founded in 1708 as a Cossack ""sloboda"" and was originally called Kalach (). In World War II, the town lent its name to an armored clash between the German 6th Army and the Soviet 64th and 1st Tank Armies from July 25 to August 11, 1942. About three months later, during Operation Uranus, several Soviet tank corps encircled the besieging German 6th Army in"
"Soviet Union. The initial objectives in the region around Stalingrad were the destruction of the industrial capacity of the city and the deployment of forces to block the Volga River. The river was a key route from the Caucasus and the Caspian Sea to central Russia. Its capture would disrupt commercial river traffic. The Germans cut the pipeline from the oilfields when they captured Rostov on 23 July. The capture of Stalingrad would make the delivery of Lend Lease supplies via the Persian Corridor much more difficult. On 23 July 1942, Hitler personally rewrote the operational objectives for the 1942"
"prefix 'Saint' was omitted, this act also changed the eponym and the ""patron"" of the city, from Apostle Peter to Peter the Great, its founder. After the October Revolution the name ""Red Petrograd"" (""Красный Петроград"") was often used in newspapers and other prints until the city was renamed ""Leningrad"" in January 1924. A referendum on reversing the renaming of ""Leningrad"" was held on 12 June 1991, with 54.86% of voters (with a turnout of 65%) supporting """"Saint Petersburg"""". Renaming the city ""Petrograd"" was not an option. This change officially took effect on 6 September 1991. Meanwhile, the oblast whose administrative"