"Australian feral camel Australian feral camels are feral populations consisting of two species of camel: mostly dromedaries (""Camelus dromedarius"") but also some Bactrian camels (""Camelus bactrianus""). Imported into Australia from British India and Afghanistan during the 19th century for transport and construction during the colonisation of the central and western parts of Australia, many were released into the wild after motorised transport replaced the use of camels in the early 20th century, resulting in a fast-growing feral population. By 2008, it was feared that Central Australia's feral camel population had grown to about one million and was projected to double"
"Bactrian camel The Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus"") is a large, even-toed ungulate native to the steppes of Central Asia. The Bactrian camel has two humps on its back, in contrast to the single-humped dromedary camel. Its population of two million exists mainly in the domesticated form. Their name comes from the ancient historical region of Bactria. Domesticated Bactrian camels have served as pack animals in inner Asia since ancient times. With its tolerance for cold, drought, and high altitudes, it enabled the travel of caravans on the Silk Road. A small number of feral Bactrian camels still roam the Mangystau"
"Province of southwest Kazakhstan and the Nubra Valley in India. Bactrian camels, whether domesticated or feral, are a separate species from the wild Bactrian camel which is the only truly wild (as opposed to feral) species of camel in the world. The Bactrian camel shares the genus ""Camelus"" with the dromedary (""C. dromedarius"") and the wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus""). The Bactrian camel belongs to the family Camelidae. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to describe the species of ""Camelus"": in his 4th-century-BC ""History of Animals"" he identified the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The"
"now critically endangered. The word ""camel"" is derived via and (""kamēlos"") from Hebrew or Phoenician: ""gāmāl"". Used informally, ""camel"" (or, more correctly, ""camelid"") refers to any of the seven members of the family Camelidae: the dromedary, the Bactrian, and the wild Bactrian (the true camels), plus the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña (the ""New World"" camelids). The dromedary (""C. dromedarius""), also known as the ""Arabian camel"", inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, while the Bactrian (""C. bactrianus"") inhabits Central Asia, including the historical region of Bactria. The critically endangered wild Bactrian (""C. ferus"") is"
"Wild Bactrian camel The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") is a critically endangered species of camel living in parts of northern China and southern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus""). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia. Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels that became feral after being released into the wild. However, genetic studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago. Only about 1,400 camels survive. Most live on"
"of the Bactrian Camel."" According to early 13th-century Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi, Deir al-Bukht had previously been known as ""Deir Mikhail"", a monastery dedicated to Saint Michael. It received its current name as a result of early 8th-century Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik's habit of having a Bactrian camel saddled at the monastery. A member of the Abbasid family, Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas, maintained a garden at Deir al-Bukht for recreation during the reign of Abd al-Malik's successor, al-Walid. Ali was accused of killing his adopted brother Salit in Deir al-Bukht, but Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik and Ubaydallah ibn Ziyad"
"the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in China, and a smaller population lives in the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia. Wild Bactrian camels have long, narrow slit-like nostrils, a double row of long thick eyelashes, and ears with hairs to provide protection against desert sandstorms. They have tough undivided soles with two large toes that spread wide apart, and a horny layer which enables them to walk on rough and hot stony or sandy terrain. Their thick and shaggy body hair changes colour to light brown or beige during winter. Like its close relative, the"
"Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve () protects one of the three remaining habitats of the Wild Bactrian camel, a critically endangered species. The reserve stretches around the north, east, and south of Lop Nur, a dry lake in a desert known as the ""Sea of Death"", and one of the most arid regions in the world. The reserve was established in 1986 by Xinjiang Province, and has been modified over the years. The reserve is under pressure from new roads in the area, development of mining interests, and illegal hunting. The"
"Bactria Bactria (); or Bactriana was a historical region in Central Asia. Bactria proper was north of the Hindu Kush mountain range and south of the Amu Darya river, covering the flat region that straddles modern-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. More broadly Bactria was the area north of the Hindu Kush, west of the Pamirs and south of the Tian Shan with the Amu Darya flowing west through the center. The English name Bactria is derived from the , a Hellenized version of the Bactrian endonym (). Analogous names include Avestan: ""Bakhdi"", Old Persian: ""Bakhtrish"", New , , , ,"
"Bactrian camel was given its current binomial name ""Camelus bactrianus"" by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication ""Systema Naturae"". In 2007, Peng Cui (of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) and colleagues carried out a phylogenetic study of the evolutionary relationships between the two tribes of Camelidae: Camelini — consisting of the three ""Camelus"" species (the study considered the wild Bactrian camel as a subspecies of the Bactrian camel) — and Lamini — consisting of the alpaca (""Vicugna pacos""), the guanaco (""Lama guanicoe""), the llama (""L. glama"") and the vicuña (""V. vicugna""). The study revealed that the two tribes"
"Australian feral camels are dromedaries, with only a few Bactrian camels. Most of the dromedaries occur in Western Australia, with smaller populations in the Northern Territory, Western Queensland and northern South Australia. In Asia, nearly 70% of the population occurs in India and Pakistan. The combined population of the dromedary and the Bactrian camel decreased by around 21% between 1994 and 2004. The dromedary is sympatric with the Bactrian camel in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and central and southwestern Asia. India has a dromedary population of less than one million, with most (0.67 million) in the state of Rajasthan. Populations in Pakistan"
"mountains where springs are found, and hill slopes covered in snow provide some moisture in winter. The size of a herd may vary up to 100 camels but generally of 2-15 members in a group; this is reported to be due to arid environment and heavy poaching. The wild Bactrian camels are limited to three pockets in Mongolia and China; about 600 in the Gobi desert in northwest China and 800 in the Mongolian desert. In ancient times, wild Bactrian camels were seen from the great bend of the Yellow River extending west to the Southern Mongolia deserts and further"
"non-hybridised herds of Bactrian camels has proved a success, with the birth of several calves. The wild Bactrian camel is also being considered for introduction at Pleistocene Park in Northern Siberia as a proxy for extinct Pleistocene camel species. If this proves feasible, it would increase their geographic range considerably, adding a safety margin to their survival. Wild Bactrian camel The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") is a critically endangered species of camel living in parts of northern China and southern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus""). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to"
"and von den Driesch 1997: 652) and there is no evidence to suggest that the original range of ""C. ferus"" included those parts of Central Asia and Iran where some of the earliest Bactrian remains have been found. In particular, a population of wild Bactrian camel has been discovered to live within a part of the Gashun Gobi region of the Gobi Desert. This population is distinct from domesticated herds both in genetic makeup and in behavior. As many as three regions in the genetic makeup are distinctly different from Bactrian camels, with up to a 3% difference in the"
"to Northwest China and central Kazakhstan. In the 1800s, due to hunting for its meat and hide, its presence was noted in remote areas of the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts in Mongolia and China. In the 1920s, only remnant populations were recorded in Mongolia and China. In 1964, China began testing nuclear weapons at Lop Nur, home to many of the wild Bactrian camels. The camels experienced no apparent ill effects from the radiation and continued to breed naturally. Instead, their habitat became a restricted military zone where human activity was kept to a minimum. After China signed the Comprehensive"
"four days. Furthermore, Bactrian camels are frequently ridden, especially in desertified areas. In ancient Sindh, for example, Bactrian camels of two humps were initially used by the rich for riding. The camel was later brought to other areas such as Balochistan and Iran for the same purpose. Bactrian camels have been the focus of artwork throughout history. For example, western foreigners from the Tarim Basin and elsewhere were depicted in of the Chinese Tang dynasty (618–907). Bactrian camels were imported to the US several times in the mid- to late 1800s, both by the US military and by merchants and"
"Bactrian deer The Bactrian deer (""Cervus elaphus bactrianus""), also called the Bukhara deer, Bokhara deer or Bactrian wapiti, is a lowland subspecies of red deer that is native to Central Asia. It is similar in ecology to the Yarkand deer in occupying riparian corridors surrounded by deserts. Both subspecies are separated from one another by the Tian Shan Mountains and probably form a primordial subgroup of red Deer. This deer is usually ashy-gray with yellowish sheen, and a grayish white rump patch. It also has a slightly marked dorsal stripe and a white margin of the upper lip, lower lip,"
"John Hare (conservationist) John Neville Hare OBE FRGS (born 11 December 1934) is a British explorer, author, and conservationist, known for campaigning for preservation of the Wild Bactrian camel. John Hare's interest in wildlife conservation began when he served in the north of colonial Nigeria, first as an army officer assigned to the Royal West African Frontier Force and later in the Colonial Service. In 1993, John Hare was offered by a Russian exploration team to research the status of the wild Bactrian camel in Mongolia, a critically endangered species of camel. It only survives in the Gobi Desert. In"
"Desert. Humans may have first domesticated dromedaries in Somalia and southern Arabia around 3,000 BC, and Bactrian camels in central Asia around 2,500 BC, as at Shar-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City), Iran. Discussions concerning camel domestication in Mesopotamia often reference mentions of camels in the Hebrew Bible. The ""International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J"", for instance, mentions: ""In accord with patriarchal traditions, cylinder seals from Middle Bronze Age Mesopotamia showed riders seated upon camels."" Martin Heide's 2010 work on the domestication of the camel tentatively concludes that humans had domesticated the Bactrian camel by at least the middle"
", and . According to Pierre Leriche: The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC, also known as the ""Oxus civilization"") is the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age culture of Central Asia, dated to c. 2200–1700 BC, located in present-day eastern Turkmenistan, northern Afghanistan, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, centred on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus River), an area covering ancient Bactria. Its sites were discovered and named by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi (1976). Bactria was the Greek name for Old Persian ""Bāxtriš"" (from native *""Bāxçiš"") (named for its capital Bactra, modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan, and"
"Daxia Daxia, Ta-Hsia, or Ta-Hia () was apparently the name given in antiquity by the Han Chinese to Tukhara or Tokhara: the main part of Bactria, in what is now northern Afghanistan, and parts of southern Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The name ""Daxia"" first appears in Chinese accounts from the 3rd century BCE, to designate a kingdom in the far west – possibly a consequence of the first contacts with the expansion of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom – and then is used by the explorer Zhang Qian in 126 BCE to designate Bactria. It is possible that ""Daxia"", in part, conflated or"
"40 years and they breed during winter with an overlap into the rainy season. Females produce offspring starting at age 5, and thereafter in a cycle of 2 years. Typically, Bactrian camels seen alone are postdispersal young individuals which have just reached sexual maturity. Their habitat is in arid plains and hills where water sources are scarce and very little vegetation exists with shrubs as their main food source. These habitats have widely varying temperatures: the summer temperature ranges from and winter temperature a low of . Wild Bactrian camels travel over long distances, seeking water in places close to"
"Bactria, Kabul, and India in the east in Southern Asia. Recorded in the annals of the Han dynasty and other Chinese records, this great tribal movement began after the Yuezhi tribe was defeated by the Xiongnu, fleeing westwards after their defeat and creating a domino effect as they displaced other central Asian tribes in their path. According to these ancient sources ""Modu Shanyu"" of the Xiongnu tribe of Mongolia attacked the Yuezhi (possibly related to the Tocharians who lived in eastern Tarim Basin area) and evicted them from their homeland between the Qilian Shan and Dunhuang around 175 BC. Leaving"
"it is still the one of the last refuges of wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) in the world. These wild camels may be found in the reed oases on the north edge of the desert. Poplars forests and tamarix shrubs used to be extensively distributed along the lower Tarim River Valley forming the so-called ""Green Corridor"", but as the lower Tarim River has been drying since 1972 due to the construction of dams, they have greatly deteriorated and some have disappeared. The Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve was created in 2001 to preserve wild Bactrian camels and other"
"description given to J. Petiver of an animal said to have come from the Philippines. Petiver published Camel's description in 1705 and named the animal ""Cercopithecus luzonis minimus"" which was the basis for Linnaeus' (1758) ""Simia syrichta"" and eventually ""Carlito syrichta"", the current scientific name. Among the locals, the tarsier is known as ""mamag"", ""mago"", ""magau"", ""maomag"", ""malmag"", and ""magatilok-iok"". Three subspecies are presently recognized: ""C. s. syrichta"" from Leyte and Samar, ""C. s. fraterculus"" from Bohol, and ""C. s. carbonarius"" from Mindanao. The IUCN taxonomic note lists two subspecies, but the non-nominate one is poorly defined at present, so"
"has reportedly increased. Historically, the Caspian tiger was also known to prey on wild Bactrian camels, but this subspecies is almost certainly extinct. Several actions have been initiated by the governments of China and Mongolia to conserve this species of mammal such as the ecosystem-based management programme; two programmes instituted in this respect are the Great Gobi Reserve A in Mongolia set up in 1982, and the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in China, established in 2000. The Wild Camel Protection Foundation, the only such charity of its kind, has as its main goal conservation of the wild"
"go a month or longer without drinking water. A thirsty Bactrian camel can drink 135 liters (30 gallons) in only 13 minutes. They can withstand extremely hot and cold weather and have broad hooves that do not sink in desert. Bactrian camels are known as the ""boats of desert"" – for millennia, they were used to carry goods along the Silk Road. Wild camels are critically endangered and found in the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts. The wild boar, from which the farm-raised pigs was domesticated some 8,000 years ago in China, remains common in the Chinese wilderness. On occasion, boars"
"In Uzbekistan: Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (short BMAC), also known as the Oxus civilization, is the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age civilization of Central Asia, dated to c. 2300–1700 BC, located in present-day northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, centred on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus River). Its sites were discovered and named by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi (1976). ""Bactria"" was the Greek name for the area of Bactra (modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan, and ""Margiana"" was the Greek name for the Persian satrapy of Marguš, the capital"
"their hybrid has given rise to speculation that the Bactrian camel and the dromedary should be merged into a single species with two varieties. However, a 1994 analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed that the species display 10.3% divergence in their sequences. The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") was first described by Nikolay Przhevalsky in the late 19th century and has now been established as a distinct species from the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus)"". Zoological opinion nowadays tends to favour the idea that ""C. bactrianus"" and ""C. dromedarius"" are descendants of two different subspecies of ""C. ferus"" (Peters"
"Bactrian camel and has been described as ""lithe, and slender-legged, with very narrow feet and a body that looks laterally compressed."" The humps of the wild Bactrian camel are smaller, lower and more conical in shape than those of the Bactrian camel. These humps may often be about half the size of those of a domesticated Bactrian camel. The wild Bactrian camel has a flatter skull (""havtagai"", the Mongolian name for a wild Bactrian camel, means ""flat-head"") and a different shape of foot. The wool of the wild Bactrian camel is always sandy coloured and shorter and sparser than that"
"and Mongolian Gobi deserts, on domestic Bactrian camels. In 2004 the WCPF established the Hunter Hall Captive Wild Camel Breeding Centre at Zakhyn Us in Mongolia, housing twelve wild camels, which had been rescued from being captured by Mongolian herdsmen. This is the only place in the world where the wild camel is held in captivity apart from two zoos in China. In 2010 the population had increased to twenty-five. The Veterinary University of Vienna published a paper after 5 years of genetic tests on samples from these camels, stating that they were of a \previously unknown species of camel"
"can be found in Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan as well. The F1 can be further hybridized. An F1 female can mate with a male Bactrian camel: the result is a B1 backcross Bactrian. It generally has two humps and is faster than a common Bactrian and stronger than a dromedary. It can walk over snow, ice, and mud and is suitable even for mountain trails; this type can be found mostly in Kazakhstan. When an F1 female mates with a dromedary, the result is an B1 backcross dromedary, a slightly stronger dromedary and a rare type nowadays. Hybrid camel"
"The Corps supported British war operations in Sinai, Palestine, and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops. The Somaliland Camel Corps was created by colonial authorities in British Somaliland in 1912; it was disbanded in 1944. Bactrian camels were used by Romanian forces during World War II in the Caucasian region. The Bikaner Camel Corps of British India fought alongside the British Indian Army in World Wars I and II. The ""Tropas Nómadas"" (Nomad Troops) were an auxiliary regiment of Sahrawi tribesmen serving in the colonial army in Spanish Sahara (today Western Sahara). Operational from the 1930s until the end"