"according to the normal movement rules. The first player to bear off all fifteen of his/her own checkers wins the game. If the opponent has not yet borne off any checkers when the game ends, the winner scores a ""gammon"", which counts for double stakes. If the opponent has not yet borne off any checkers and has some on the bar or in the winner's home board, the winner scores a ""backgammon"", which counts for triple stakes. To speed up match play and to provide an added dimension for strategy, a doubling cube is usually used. The doubling cube is"
"Backgammon Backgammon is one of the oldest known board games. Its history can be traced back nearly 5,000 years to archeological discoveries in the Middle East. It is a two player game where each player has fifteen pieces (""checkers"") which move between twenty-four triangles (""points"") according to the roll of two dice. The objective of the game is to be first to ""bear off"", i.e. move all fifteen checkers off the board. Backgammon is a member of the tables family, one of the oldest classes of board games. Backgammon involves a combination of strategy and luck (from rolling dice). While"
"Backgammon notation Backgammon notation is a means for recording backgammon games, developed by Paul Magriel in the 1970s. The common way of describing the movement of checkers involves numbering the points around the board from 24 to 1 as depicted in Figure 1. The image shows the board from black's perspective, with the numbers diminishing as her checkers move counterclockwise toward her own home board at the bottom right-hand side. The reverse numbering of the points applies when white is on roll, with the 24-point referred to as the 1-point, and so forth. Dice rolls are shown either as ""4-2"""
"backgammon are a mixture of chance and skill. Even though luck (usually the throw of dice) plays a part, choices made by the players in the course of the game also help to decide the winner. Backgammon is one of the oldest board games that people still play. Its name comes from the Saxon (it means ‘back game’ because sometimes pieces have to go back to the beginning), but the Romans played this game too. Luck plays little or no part in games of skill – the outcome is decided by the players’ ability to make the most advantageous moves"
"a single backgammon board according to standard rules. The captain makes the final decision on all checker plays for the team, although help from team-mates can be requested in some situations. Usually, all members of the team have their own doubling cube vs. the box, and can double regardless of what other team-mates do, and they can accept or refuse a double independently of the other players. The result is that, although they are using a single backgammon set, each member on the team is playing a separate game against the box. A chouette is generally played in the same"
"or 'schoolboy's point' (""case"" meaning 'square', literally) after the tendency of inexperienced players to rush to this point too soon in the game. Statistically, the most difficult points in the game to reach aside from the ""coins"" are the 8th points, and they are named ""les fleches de diable"", or 'the Devil's points', for this reason. The home boards are referred to as the ""jan de retour"" by either player. Doubles are treated as two identical numbers, unlike backgammon proper. Many of the ancestors of modern tables games are no longer widely played. Tables (board game) Tables is a general"
"be traced to Medieval and Renaissance sources. Backgammon has been studied considerably by computer scientists, who have developed software that plays at the level of top human players. Tric-trac is a French variant of Backgammon. There are two main forms of the game, ""le Grand Tric-trac"" and ""le Petit Tric-trac."" In Tric-trac, the starting point is called a ""talon"", the points, or ""fleches"", are numbered to 12 on both sides of the board, with the 12th point on either side called the ""coin de repos"", or, simply, ""coin"". The 11th point (on either side) is often called ""le case d'écolier"","
"backgammon, Zeno could not move to a space occupied by two opponent (black) pieces. The white and black checkers were so distributed on the points that the only way to use all of the three results, as required by the game rules, was to break the three stacks of two checkers into blots, thus exposing them to capture and ruining the game for Zeno. Tabula was most likely a later refinement of ""ludus duodecim scriptorum"", with the board's middle row of points removed, and only the two outer rows remaining. Today, the word ""τάβλι"" is still used to refer to"
"Black and White (or 先手 ""sente"" and 後手 ""gote""), play on a board ruled into a grid of 9 ""ranks"" (rows) by 7 ""files"" (columns). The squares are undifferentiated by markings or color. Each player has a set of 14 wedge-shaped pieces, of slightly different sizes. From largest to smallest (most to least powerful) they are: Most of the English names were chosen to correspond to rough equivalents in Western chess, rather than as translations of the Japanese names. Each piece has its name in the form of two kanji written on its face. On the reverse side of some"
"around and off the board is called the ""pip count"". The difference between the two players' pip counts is frequently used as a measure of the leader's racing advantage. Players often use mental calculation techniques to determine pip counts in live play. Backgammon is played in two principal variations, ""Money"" and ""Match"" play. Money play means that every point counts evenly and every game stands alone, whether money is actually being wagered or not. ""Match"" play means that the players play until one side scores (or exceeds) a certain number of points. The format has a significant effect on strategy."
"03-01 (reversed) pairs, and generic backsides. Dominoes Dominoes is a family of tile-based games played with rectangular ""domino"" tiles. Each domino is a rectangular tile with a line dividing its face into two square ""ends"". Each end is marked with a number of spots (also called ""pips"", ""nips"", or ""dobs"") or is blank. The backs of the dominoes in a set are indistinguishable, either blank or having some common design. The domino gaming pieces make up a domino set, sometimes called a ""deck"" or ""pack"". The traditional Sino-European domino set consists of 28 dominoes, featuring all combinations of spot counts"
"the board, and you enter by rolling either doubles or acey-deucey.<br> These games are played one after another, in matches of three, five, or seven points. Before starting a match, each player rolls 1 die, and the player with the highest roll picks up both dice and re-rolls (i.e. it is possible to roll doubles for the opening move). Players use the same pair of dice in turns. After the first game, the winner of the previous game starts first. Each game counts as 1 point, if the opponent has borne off at least 1 stone, otherwise 2 points (gammon/backgammon)."
"inside the three territories remains triangular. The board is presented here with substitutions by standard shogi pieces; for the names actually used, see below. The central cell is called the Pleasure Garden and is an additional promotion zone, except for the king. It is drawn with a heavy or double border or otherwise made visually distinct. In the modern game, standard shogi pieces are used. Each player wields 18 pieces, the standard shogi set of 20 less one knight and one pawn. The pieces face away from the players: That is, they point toward the gap between the opposing players'"
"Hypergammon Hypergammon is a variant of backgammon. Each player begins with three pieces, rather than fifteen. At the start of the game, each player begins with one piece on each of the three most distant points of the board (the 22-point, the 23-point and the 24-point). Hypergammon is often played using the Jacoby Rule, which is also used in backgammon money games. Under this rule, gammons and backgammons will not count extra until the cube has been doubled. As a consequence of the reduced number of pieces, many people believe that hypergammon relies more heavily on luck than does backgammon."
"Tables (board game) Tables is a general name given to a class of board games similar to backgammon, played on a board with two rows of 12 vertical markings called ""points"". Players roll dice to determine the movement of pieces. Tables games are among the oldest known board games, and many variants are played throughout the world. The ancient Egyptians played a game called Senet, which belonged to the same family of ""race games"" as modern tables games, with moves controlled by the roll of dice as early as 3500 BC. The Royal Game of Ur, played in ancient Mesopotamia,"
"Backbone (solitaire) Backbone is a unique and difficult solitaire game using two decks of playing cards. The object of this game is to move all cards to the Foundations. Backbone has eight Foundations that build up from Ace to King in suit. Here is an example: A♣, 2♣, 3♣, 4♣... In the center are two Reserve Stacks to form the ""Backbone"". At the bottom of the ""Backbone"", there is a card that overlaps both Reserve Stacks. This card must be played before the remaining ""Backbone"" cards can be played. On each side of the ""Backbone"" are four Tableau Stacks to"
"to an unblocked square. Awari is an abstract strategy game among the Mancala family of board games (pit and pebble games). Backgammon is a board game for two players where the checker-like playing pieces are moved according to the roll of dice; a player wins by removing all of his pieces from the board before his opponent. Bridge is a trick-taking card game for four players. Bridge participation in the Computer Olympiad has largely discontinued when in 1996 the American Contract Bridge League established a new official World Computer Bridge Championship, to be run annually at a major bridge tournament."
"of tens of thousands of dollars. Starting in January 2018, tournament directors began awarding GammonPoints, a free points registry for tournament directors and players, with GammonPoint awards based on the number of players and strength of field. The first world championship competition in backgammon was held in Las Vegas, Nevada in 1967. Tim Holland was declared the winner that year and at the tournament the following year. For unknown reasons, there was no championship in 1970, but in 1971, Tim Holland again won the title. The competition remained in Las Vegas until 1975, when it moved to Paradise Island in"
"Checkerboard A checkerboard (American English) or chequerboard (British English; see spelling differences) is a board of chequered pattern on which draughts (checkers) is played. Most commonly, it consists of 64 squares (8×8) of alternating dark and light color, often black and white. An 8×8 checkerboard is used to play many other games, including chess, whereby it is known as a chessboard. Other rectangular square-tiled boards are also often called checkerboards. Given a matrix with formula_1 rows and formula_2 columns, a function formula_3, formula_4 returns true if the cell is white and false if the cell is black. The element formula_5"
"keeps control on these pieces even if he leaves the maze). The central square of the board is called the maze. Each piece can go through this square, but the chief is the only piece that can stop on it. A chief who is in the maze is a chief ""in power"". He plays one time after each player. For instance, if there are four players, he plays three times in a turn (if there are two players, he plays twice consecutively). When he leaves the maze, he loses this power. A chief in power takes control of the pieces"
"and I think bughouse is good for the imagination, to develop new ideas."" For Joel Benjamin, bughouse trains players to pay closer attention to empty squares on the board. Bughouse chess Bughouse chess (also known as exchange chess, Siamese chess, tandem chess, transfer chess, double bughouse, cross chess, swap chess or simply bughouse or bug) is a popular chess variant played on two chessboards by four players in teams of two. Normal chess rules apply, except that captured pieces on one board are passed on to the teammate on the other board, who then has the option of putting these"
"thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the ""promotion zone"", or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Two players, Black and White (or 先手 ""sente"" and 後手 ""gote),"" play on a board ruled into a grid of 12 ""ranks"" (rows) and 12 ""files"" (columns), with a total of 144 squares. The squares are undifferentiated by marking or color, unlike a Western chess board. Each player has a set of 46 pieces of 21 different types, and each piece has its name written on"
"to the number of points won or lost in each game, adjusted for gammons, backgammons, and the value of the doubling cube. Backgammon chouette The backgammon chouette is a variant of backgammon for three or more players. Traditionally played in person, today, the internet allows this form of backgammon to be played across different countries and various platforms. The chouette is a fast-paced game, featuring frequent use of the doubling cube, discussion and dispute of possible moves, and shifting rivalries among players. One player—the box—plays against a team consisting of all other participants. One member of the team is designated"
"tournaments and Hugh Hefner held backgammon parties at the Playboy Mansion. Backgammon clubs were formed and tournaments were held, resulting in a World Championship promoted in Las Vegas in 1967. Most recently, the United States Backgammon Federation (USBGF) was organized in 2009 to repopularize the game in the United States. Board and committee members include many of the top players, tournament directors and writers in the worldwide backgammon community. The USBGF has recently created a Standards of Ethical Practice to address issues on which tournament rules fail to touch. Backgammon Backgammon is one of the oldest known board games. Its"
"and two players and one clock per board. On capturing a piece however, the player has to decide which player of the team will get that piece. In three-board bughouse chess, the middle player is the key since he gets material from two boards, but has to decide how to divide the captured pieces. The middle board also commonly becomes very cramped due to having twice the number of pieces available. In chess, a minor material advantage is important as when material gets exchanged, the relative advantage becomes larger. Because new pieces come in, there is no endgame play in"
"to backgammon) is uncertain. Speculation that Pachisi derived from the earlier game of Ashtapada is plausible but unsubstantiated. At the 16th-century palace at Fatehpur Sikri in northern India: The game of Pachisi was played by Akbar in a truly regal manner. The Court itself, divided into red and white squares, being the board, and an enormous stone raised on four feet, representing the central point. It was here that Akbar and his courtiers played this game; sixteen young slaves from the harem wearing the players' colours, represented the pieces, and moved to the squares according to the throw of the"
"20th century both Georgia and Kalmucks were parts of USSR, so now the game is played in Russia and other ex-USSR countries under the name of ""nardy"" (нарды). Backgammon in those countries is known as ""short"" nard (Короткие нарды). Nard (game) Nard (, also narde or nardshir; from ""nēw-ardaxšīr"") is a tables-style board game for two players in which the playing pieces are moved according to rolls of dice. It is similar to backgammon in that it uses the same board, but it has different initial positions and rules. The game has been historically popular in Persia, Muslim countries, and"
"central square and T-shaped protrusions, and most boards also have four marks (usually circular but sometimes a decorative pattern) between the corner mark and the central square. However, on some boards each circular mark is replaced by a straight line joining the corner mark to the corner of the inner square, and in a few cases there is no mark between the corner and the square at all. In many tombs only the Liubo board has survived (especially if made of stone or bronze), and it can be assumed that any associated game pieces have decayed, whereas in other cases"
"game begins. If at any time a player rolls double-one on the dice, he loses a piece and must stake an additional fine worth 10% of the total value of the pot. Under some rule codes, it is possible to avoid losing a piece by paying a larger fine. The winner of the game takes the pot. Coan ki Çoan ki (, also ""erectus ludus"" or ""The Bottle Game"") is a Chinese board game similar to backgammon. It was first described in 1694 by Dr. Thomas Hyde in ""De Ludis Orientalibus Libri Duo"". On a board divided transversely into eight"
"Backgammon chouette The backgammon chouette is a variant of backgammon for three or more players. Traditionally played in person, today, the internet allows this form of backgammon to be played across different countries and various platforms. The chouette is a fast-paced game, featuring frequent use of the doubling cube, discussion and dispute of possible moves, and shifting rivalries among players. One player—the box—plays against a team consisting of all other participants. One member of the team is designated as the captain. The box and the rotation order are generally determined by the roll of dice. The game is played on"
"development in backgammon was the addition of the doubling cube. It was first introduced in the 1920s in New York City among members of gaming clubs in the Lower East Side. The cube required players not only to select the best move in a given position, but also to estimate the probability of winning from that position, transforming backgammon into the expected value-driven game played in the 20th and 21st centuries. The popularity of backgammon surged in the mid-1960s, in part due to the charisma of Prince Alexis Obolensky who became known as ""The Father of Modern Backgammon"". ""Obe"", as"
"but there is also an element of strategy to the game. Also called ""Koli kaDam"" in Hyderabad, or ""Champul"" in other parts of India. The board is a square divided into seven rows and columns. The outer centre squares on each side of the board are specially marked. They are the starting squares for each player, and also function as ""resting squares"". Each player has four pieces. Four cowry shells are used as dice. They are thrown and the number of shells that lie with their openings upwards indicates the number of spaces a player should move: Players begin with"
"and marble boards are available but rarely accepted for games rated by national or international chess federations. In western chess the board has a squared shape, with its side being divided into eight parts, resulting in a total of sixty-four subdivisions. In other variants, the total number of subdivisions may range from nine to one hundred and twelve. Each subdivision of the board is called a square and receives a unique identification to be used in chess notation, which may be descriptive, algebraic, or numeric. In two-dimensional boards, each horizontal rectilinear array of squares is called a ""rank"", each vertical"