"Previously the Iberian chiffchaff was considered as a subspecies of the common chiffchaff. As of 2016, it is recognised as a separate species under the name ""Phylloscopus ibericus"" for the following reasons (compared to the common chiffchaff): In past, erroneously listed as ""Phylloscopus brehmii"". Iberian chiffchaff The Iberian chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus ibericus"") is a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Mediterranean. The name ""chiffchaff"" is onomatopoeic, referring to the repetitive ""chiff-chaff"" song of the common chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus collybita"")."
"Cuckoo-finch The cuckoo-finch (""Anomalospiza imberbis""), also known as the parasitic weaver or cuckoo weaver, is a small passerine bird now placed in the family Viduidae with the indigobirds and whydahs. It occurs in grassland in Africa south of the Sahara. The male is mainly yellow and green while the female is buff with dark streaks. The eggs are laid in the nests of other birds. The species was described in 1868 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis based on a specimen from East Africa, probably from the coast opposite Zanzibar. It was initially placed in the genus ""Crithagra"" but later"
"use, the loss of mown or grazed breeding sites, and over-hunting. This decline has seen it listed in the ""Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds"" (AEWA). The ruff is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae, the typical shorebirds. Recent research suggests that its closest relatives are the broad-billed sandpiper, ""Calidris falcinellus"", and the sharp-tailed sandpiper, ""Calidris acuminata"". It has no recognised subspecies or geographical variants. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his ""Systema Naturae"" in 1758 as ""Tringa pugnax"". It was moved into its current genus by German naturalist Blasius Merrem in 1804. Both"
"Common chaffinch The common chaffinch (""Fringilla coelebs""), usually known simply as the chaffinch, is a common and widespread small passerine bird in the finch family. The male is brightly coloured with a blue-grey cap and rust-red underparts. The female is much duller in colouring, but both sexes have two contrasting white wing bars and white sides to the tail. The male bird has a strong voice and sings from exposed perches to attract a mate. The chaffinch breeds in much of Europe, across Asia to Siberia and in northwest Africa. The female builds a nest with a deep cup in"
"Chestnut-capped puffbird The chestnut-capped puffbird (""Bucco macrodactylus"") is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds. It is a small, roundish dark brown bird with a short narrow tail and a dull whitish breast. It is a bright multicolored bird, named for its cap, which is a deep chestnut. A medium orange, narrow collar on the upper back borders the chestnut cap and ends at the side of the neck in a spot. A second collar, similar to that of the collared puffbird, is on the upper breast, wider on the sides, narrow under the throat, and deep"
"of keeping chaffinches as pets declined after the trapping of wild birds was outlawed by the Wild Birds Protection Acts of 1880 to 1896. The chaffinch is still a popular pet bird in some European countries. In Belgium, the traditional sport of vinkenzetting pits male chaffinches against one another in a contest for the most bird calls in an hour. Common chaffinch The common chaffinch (""Fringilla coelebs""), usually known simply as the chaffinch, is a common and widespread small passerine bird in the finch family. The male is brightly coloured with a blue-grey cap and rust-red underparts. The female is"
"coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. Its scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannahs and woodlands. Their food source is leaves, fruits and flowers of woody plants, primarily acacia species, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. They may be preyed on by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas and African wild dogs. Giraffes live in herds of related females and their offspring, or bachelor herds"
"The common chiffchaff breeds across Europe and Asia east to eastern Siberia and north to about 70°N, with isolated populations in northwest Africa, northern and western Turkey and northwestern Iran. It is migratory, but it is one of the first passerine birds to return to its breeding areas in the spring and among the last to leave in late autumn. When breeding, it is a bird of open woodlands with some taller trees and ground cover for nesting purposes. These trees are typically at least 5 metres (16 ft) high, with undergrowth that is an open, poor to medium mix"
"Giraffidae The Giraffidae are a family of ruminant artiodactyl mammals that share a common ancestor with cervids and bovids. This family, once a diverse group spread throughout Eurasia and Africa, presently comprises only two extant genera, the giraffe (one species of ""Giraffa"") and the okapi (the only known species of ""Okapia""). Both are confined to sub-Saharan Africa: the giraffe to the open savannas, and the okapi to the dense rainforest of the Congo. The two genera look very different on first sight, but share a number of common features, including a long, dark-coloured tongue, lobed canine teeth, and horns covered"
"Swallow-winged puffbird The swallow-winged puffbird (""Chelidoptera tenebrosa"") is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds. It is also called the swallow-wing. It is the only species in the genus Chelidoptera. It is found in Brazil and the entire Amazon Basin; also Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical and tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. The swallow-winged puffbird's range is throughout the Amazon Basin to the foothills of the Andes in the west, in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. To"
"Chimney swift The chimney swift (""Chaetura pelagica"") is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae. A member of the genus ""Chaetura"", it is closely related to both the Vaux's swift and the Chapman's swift; in the past, the three were sometimes considered to be conspecific. It has no subspecies. The chimney swift is a medium-sized, sooty gray bird with very long, slender wings and very short legs. Like all swifts, it is incapable of perching, and can only cling vertically to surfaces. The chimney swift feeds primarily on flying insects, but also on airborne spiders. It generally mates for"
"or three feet long, where it lays one or two eggs. Swallow-winged puffbird The swallow-winged puffbird (""Chelidoptera tenebrosa"") is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds. It is also called the swallow-wing. It is the only species in the genus Chelidoptera. It is found in Brazil and the entire Amazon Basin; also Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical and tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest. The swallow-winged puffbird's range is throughout the Amazon Basin to the foothills of"
"the male has little involvement in nesting, but defends his territory against rivals, and attacks potential predators. A small insectivorous bird, it is subject to predation by mammals, such as cats and mustelids, and birds, particularly hawks of the genus ""Accipiter"". Its large range and population mean that its status is secure, although one subspecies is probably extinct. The British naturalist Gilbert White was one of the first people to separate the similar-looking common chiffchaff, willow warbler and wood warbler by their songs, as detailed in 1789 in ""The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne"", but the common chiffchaff was"
"see"", since this genus comprises species that spend much of their time feeding in trees, while ""collybita"" is a corruption of ""kollubistes"", ""money changer"", the song being likened to the jingling of coins. The common chiffchaff is a small, dumpy, 10–12 centimetres (4 in) long leaf warbler. The male weighs 7–8 grammes (0.28–0.31 oz), and the female 6–7 grammes (0.25–0.28 oz). The spring adult of the western nominate subspecies "" P. c. collybita"" has brown-washed dull green upperparts, off-white underparts becoming yellowish on the flanks, and a short whitish supercilium. It has dark legs, a fine dark bill, and short"
"Chad firefinch The Chad firefinch or Reichenow's firefinch (""Lagonosticta umbrinodorsalis"") is a small passerine bird belonging to the firefinch genus ""Lagonosticta"" in the estrildid finch family Estrildidae. It is restricted to a small area of Central Africa. It was formerly classified as a subspecies of Jameson's firefinch (""L. rhodopareia"") but is now often treated as a separate species. Its alternative name commemorates Anton Reichenow, the German ornithologist who described this species. It is 10–11 centimetres long. The male is mostly bright pinkish-red, darker on the upperparts. The crown and nape are grey and the vent is dark. The thick, conical"
"its wild mountain habitat in Olivier Messiaen’s ""Catalogue d'oiseaux"" (""Bird catalogue""), a piano piece written in 1956–58. ""Le chocard des alpes"" (""The Alpine Chough"") is the opening piece of Book 1 of the work. A group of choughs may be referred to fancifully or jocularly as a ""chattering"" or ""clattering"". (See also: List of collective nouns) Chough There are two species of passerine birds commonly called chough ( ) that constitute the genus Pyrrhocorax of the Corvidae (crow) family of birds. These are the red-billed chough (""Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax""), and the Alpine chough (or Yellow-billed chough) (""Pyrrhocorax graculus""). The white-winged chough"
"Collared puffbird The collared puffbird (""Bucco capensis"") is bird in the family Bucconidae that is found across the northern region of South America in the Amazon Basin, southern Colombia and Venezuela, and the Guianas. In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the collared puffbird in his ""Ornithologie"" that was based on a specimen collected in French Guiana. He used the French name ""Le barbu"" and the Latin name ""Bucco"". Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in"
"Mayfly Mayflies (also known as Canadian soldiers in the United States, and as shadflies or fishflies in Canada and the upper Midwestern U.S.; also up-winged flies in the United Kingdom) are aquatic insects belonging to the order Ephemeroptera. This order is part of an ancient group of insects termed the Palaeoptera, which also contains dragonflies and damselflies. Over 3,000 species of mayfly are known worldwide, grouped into over 400 genera in 42 families. Mayflies exhibit a number of ancestral traits that were probably present in the first flying insects, such as long tails and wings that do not fold flat"
"an active little bird with quick and frenzied movements, frequently flicking its wings and wagging or flicking its tail. Canary Islands chiffchaff The Canary Islands chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus canariensis"") is a species of leaf warbler endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain. Sometimes the English name is spelled Canary Island chiffchaff. Previously the Canary Island chiffchaff was considered as a subspecies of the common chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus collybita""). Now it is recognised as a separate species under the name ""Phylloscopus canariensis"". There are two recognised subspecies but the Lanzarote subspecies is probably extinct; they are. The Canary Islands chiffchaff is similar to the"
"Cape robin-chat The Cape robin-chat (""Cossypha caffra"") is a small passerine bird of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It has a disjunct range from South Sudan to South Africa. The locally familiar and confiding species has colonized and benefited from a range of man-altered habitats, including city suburbs and farmstead woodlots. It is an accomplished songster like other robin-chats, but is rather less colourful than most, and frequents either dryer settings or higher altitudes. It forages in the proximity of cover, in the open or in fairly well-lit environments. Its distribution resembles that of the karoo–olive complex of thrushes,"
"Chickadee The chickadees are a group of North American birds in the tit family included in the genus ""Poecile"". Species found in North America are referred to as chickadees, while other species in the genus are called tits. They are small-sized birds overall, usually having the crown of the head and throat patch distinctly darker than the body. They are at least in size. Their name reputedly comes from the fact that their calls make a distinctive ""chick-a-dee-dee-dee"",though their normal call is actually fee-bee, and the famous chick-a-dee-dee-dee is an alarm call. The number of ""dees"" depends on the predator!(sound)."
"back and underparts, and their flanks are more orange in hue. This species has a hard wooden ""chu-chu-chrrr"" song, often given as a duet. The call is a sharp ""chip"". The buffy tuftedcheek forages actively amongst mosses, vines, bromeliads and other epiphytes for insects, spiders, and even small amphibians. It will join mixed feeding flocks in the middle levels of the forest. The scientific and alternative English names of this bird commemorate American amateur ornithologist, George Newbold Lawrence. Buffy tuftedcheek The buffy tuftedcheek or Lawrence's tuftedcheek (""Pseudocolaptes lawrencii"") is a passerine bird in the ovenbird family, which breeds in the"
"nests are common. Four geographically isolated races are generally accepted, though Clancey (1980, 1981) distinguished several additional races with contiguous ranges. Cape robin-chat The Cape robin-chat (""Cossypha caffra"") is a small passerine bird of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. It has a disjunct range from South Sudan to South Africa. The locally familiar and confiding species has colonized and benefited from a range of man-altered habitats, including city suburbs and farmstead woodlots. It is an accomplished songster like other robin-chats, but is rather less colourful than most, and frequents either dryer settings or higher altitudes. It forages in the"
"Canary Islands chiffchaff The Canary Islands chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus canariensis"") is a species of leaf warbler endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain. Sometimes the English name is spelled Canary Island chiffchaff. Previously the Canary Island chiffchaff was considered as a subspecies of the common chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus collybita""). Now it is recognised as a separate species under the name ""Phylloscopus canariensis"". There are two recognised subspecies but the Lanzarote subspecies is probably extinct; they are. The Canary Islands chiffchaff is similar to the common chiffchaff and the Iberian chiffchaff but compared to the common chiffchaff it has a longer bill, shorter wings"
"Cochoa The cochoas (from ""cocho"", Nepali for ""Cochoa purpurea"") are medium-sized frugivorous, insectivorous and molluscivorous birds in the genus Cochoa. Their bright contrasting plumage patterns, sexual dimorphism and feeding habits made their systematic position difficult to ascertain in early times, Richard Bowdler Sharpe placed them with the Prionopidae in 1879 while many considered them as some kind of aberrant thrush. The genus was previously included in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that it is more closely related to the thrush family Turdidae. These are southeast Asian forest-dwelling species, often found near water. The"
"Siberian chiffchaff Siberian chiffchaff (""Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis"") is a leaf-warbler which is usually considered a subspecies of the common chiffchaff, but may be a species in its own right. Siberian chiffchaff breeds in Siberia east of the Pechora River and winters in the lower Himalayas. It is also regularly recorded in western Europe in winter, and it is likely that the numbers involved have been underestimated due to uncertainties over identification criteria, lack of good data and recording policies (Sweden and Finland only accept trapped birds). Because of their unfamiliar appearance, British records in the 1950s and 1960s were originally"
"the nest is a spherical structure with a side entrance and is place near the ground in coastal scrub but higher (8m plus) up in the laurisilva. The clutch is 2-5 eggs and most pairs are triple brooded. When not breeding they are more sociable in the autumn and the winter when it forms small flocks. The post-breeding moult is usually completed by late July. The Canary Islands chiffchaff spends much of its time foraging for its insect food among foliage from ground level up to the tree canopy, although it will also sometimes hover glean and fly catch.It is"
"Puffbird The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine family Bucconidae are tropical tree-dwelling insectivorous birds that are found from South America up to Mexico. Together with their closest relatives, the jacamars, they form a divergent lineage within the order Piciformes, though the two families are sometimes elevated to a separate order Galbuliformes. Lacking the iridescent colours of the jacamars, puffbirds are mainly brown, rufous or grey, with large heads, large eyes, and flattened bills with a hooked tip. Their loose, abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English name of"
"Ruff The ruff (""Calidris pugnax"") is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia. This highly gregarious sandpiper is migratory and sometimes forms huge flocks in its winter grounds, which include southern and western Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australia. The ruff is a long-necked, pot-bellied bird. This species shows marked sexual dimorphism; the male is much larger than the female (the reeve), and has a breeding plumage that includes brightly coloured head tufts, bare orange facial skin, extensive black on the breast, and the large collar of ornamental feathers that inspired this bird's"
"Rufous-chinned laughingthrush The rufous-chinned laughingthrush (""Garrulax rufogularis"") is a bird species in the family Leiothrichidae. The species is sometimes placed in the genus ""Ianthocincla"", the placement used originally by John Gould. It ranges across the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent and some parts of Southeast Asia. This mid-sized laughingthrush is found along the Himalayas and can be identified by the combination of the black cap and band on the brown tail. The underparts are greyish while the upperparts have scale like feather patterning. A distinctive pale loreal patch of buff colour and a broad dark moustachial stripe which borders"
"the Old English ""ceaffinc"", where ""ceaf"" is ""chaff"" and ""finc"" ""finch"". Chaffinches were likely given this name because after farmers thresh their crops, these birds sometimes spend weeks picking through heaps of discarded chaff for grain. The chaffinch is one of the many birds depicted in the marginal decoration of the 15th century English illuminated manuscript the Sherborne Missal. The English naturalist William Turner described the chaffinch in his book on birds published in 1544. Although the text is in Latin, Turner gives the English name as chaffinche and lists two folk names: sheld-appel and spink. The word ""sheld"" is"
"Chickenhawk (bird) In the United States, chickenhawk or chicken hawk is an unofficial designation for three species of North American hawks in the family Accipitridae: Cooper's hawk, also called a quail hawk, the sharp-shinned hawk, and the red-tailed hawk. The term ""chicken hawk"", however, is inaccurate. Although Cooper's and sharp-shinned hawks may attack other birds, chickens do not make up a significant part of their diets; red-tailed hawks have varied diets, but may opportunistically hunt free-range poultry. Historically, misinterpretation of the name ""chicken hawk"" has labelled these birds as pests, hence justifying their slaughter. Officially, per the American Ornithologists' Union's"
"Quail-thrush A quail-thrush is a bird of the genus ""Cinclosoma"", which contains eight species. Quail-thrushes are in a different family from either quails or thrushes, but bear some superficial resemblance to them. The genus is found in Australia and New Guinea in a variety of habitats ranging from rainforest to deserts. The genus is closely related to the jewel-babblers of New Guinea. Seven species were recognised in 2007. A molecular study published in 2015 by Gaynor Dolman and Leo Joseph resulted in the splitting of the chestnut-backed quail-thrush into the chestnut quail-thrush of eastern Australia and the copperback quail-thrush in"