"generally preferred to not work with major established stars. His films were mainly independent and wholly or partly self-funded. He was married to Princess Francesca Patrizia Ruspoli. 35mm copies of all his films, as well as screenplays and photographic material related to his career are held by the in Milan. Eriprando Visconti Eriprando Visconti di Modrone, Count of Vico Modrone (September 24, 1932 – May 25, 1995) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was the nephew of the more famous Luchino Visconti. Born in Milan into a noble family, in the early 1950s Visconti moved to Rome,"
"Brescia, Alessandria, Bergamo, Lodi and Novara, and was killed in the Battle of Desio (1277), against the Visconti. With that victory the Visconti acquired power in Milan. In 1302 they were in turn ousted. Corrado Mosca, who had already been ""signore"" between 1277 and 1281, was returned to power, which he held until 1307, when he was succeeded by his son Guido. Having tried to incite the people against the Emperor Henry VII, Guido was forced to flee, and died in 1312. Florimondo della Torre, son of Corrado Mosca, attempted in vain to regain power in Milan. His son Pagano"
"Battle of Desio The Battle of Desio was fought on 21 January 1277 between the Della Torre and Visconti families for the control of Milan and its countryside. The battlefield was located near the modern Desio, a commune outside the city in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Although generally considered one of the numerous minor battles fought in the 13th century in Italy during the Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines, it was in fact the conclusion of a long inner struggle for the possession of Milan, leading to the transformation of the former democratic regime into an aristocratic signoria. The Visconti"
"Filippo Maria Visconti Filippo Maria Visconti (3 September 1392 – 13 August 1447) was the ruler of the Duchy of Milan from 1412 to 1447. Filippo Maria Visconti, who had become nominal ruler of Pavia in 1402, succeeded his assassinated brother Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan in 1412. They were the sons of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Gian Maria's predecessor, by his second wife, Caterina Visconti. From Filippo's marriage to Beatrice Lascaris di Tenda, Countess of Biandrate and the unhappy widow of Facino Cane—the condottiere who had fomented strife between the factions of Filippo's elder brother and his mother,"
"in North Italy. When the Visconti tried to re-establish their influence in Bologna, a conflict between the Visconti family and the Papacy occurred and this led to the excommunication of Bernabò for heresy. Furthermore, persuaded by the Papacy, Charles IV revoked the vicariate that he granted to the Visconti family in 1361, although he returned the title to them four years later on the condition that they remained loyal and obedient to the Holy Roman Empire and its emperor. Another war broke out in 1372 when Galeazzo II tried to retake the city of Asti, which was opposed by the"
"by the ""Quindici"" (""The Fifteen"") reformers in 1385, the ""Dieci"" (""The Ten"", 1386–1387), ""Undici"" (""The Eleven"", 1388–1398) and the Twelve Priors (1398–1399) who, in the end, gave the city's lordship to Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the Duke of Milan, in order to defend it from Florentine expansionism. Five years later, the House of Visconti was expelled in 1404, and a new government of Ten Priors was established, this time in alliance with Florence against King Ladislaus of Naples. With the election of the Sienese Enea Silvio Piccolomini of the prominent Piccolomini noble family as Pope Pius II in 1458, the nobles"
"increasingly linked to events of Milan and shared its history and enemies: in 1255 the city was sacked by the Ghibellines, and in 1259 and Ezzelino III da Romano tried to seize the castle of Monza, but was repelled; the village was set on fire. After the decisive 1277 victory of the Visconti at the Battle of Desio, Monza was occupied by Archbishop Ottone Visconti and the Marquis of Montferrat, William VII (1278). The following year, the town was declared a possession of the people of Milan. In 1312, Monza adhered to the Ghibelline faction. Enrico Aliprandi, a member of"
"Visconti of Milan, and conquered neighboring cities threatening to unify Northern Italy under a single state. In the end a balance of power was reached in 1454 with the Peace of Lodi and Northern Italy ended up divided between a small number of regional states, the most powerful were the Duchies of Savoy, Milan, Mantua, Ferrara and the Republics of Genoa and Venice, which had begun to extend its influence in the mainland from the 14th century onwards. In the 15th century Northern Italy became one of the centres of the Renaissance whose culture and works of art were highly"
"1232–64. In 1353 Giovanni Visconti of Milan and Genoa conquered it. Novi was donated to the latter in 1392, but was occupied by the condottiero Facino Cane in 1409–12. In 1447, after the death of Filippo Maria Visconti, the governors of the city decided to free forever from Milan, and gave it to Genoa. Around this time, a feudal lord Galeazzo Cavanna was Signore di Castel Gazzo, a fortress on the edge of the town. However, the Sforza of Milan retained its possession until the defeat of Ludovico il Moro, when it passed to the French until Andrea Doria conquered"
"by the street name Via Postcastello. After the obliteration of Castelseprio by Ottone Visconti in 1287, Gallarate became the capital of the vast Seprio county. During these years, Gallarate saw a period of prosperity and economic growth that would last for the rest of Visconti’s control, until the beginning of French rule two centuries later (1498). Documents in the National Archives refer to Gallarate as an important centre of commercial exchange between both Italian and foreign markets, particularly for cotton, drapes, flax and textiles. Distinguished families such as the Rosnati, Reina, Masera, Palazzi, Macchi, Curioni, Mari and the Guenzati represented"
"Matteo I Visconti captain (1290–1299). The Tizzoni (Ghibellines) and Avogadri (Guelphs) disputed the city from 1301 to 1334. The Guelphs were expelled several times, enabling the Marquess of Monferrato to take Vercelli (1328), which voluntarily placed itself under the Viscount of Milan in 1334. In 1373, Bishop Giovanni Fieschi expelled the Visconti, but Matteo reconquered the city. Facino Cane (1402), profiting by the strife between Giovanni Maria and Filippo Maria Visconti, took Vercelli, but was driven out by Theodore II of Montferrat (1404), from whom the city passed to the dukes of Savoy (1427). In 1499 and 1553 Vercelli was"
"However the town was back under the jurisdiction of Como in 1249. Conflicts in northern Italy continued, Castelgrande was besieged several times in 1284, 1292 and 1303. During this time the Rusca family in Como, a Ghibelline or pro-Imperial family, fought the growing power of Milan under the pro-papacy House of Visconti with limited success. Around the end of the 13th century the Rusca family built another castle, Montebello, in Bellinzona, which they controlled. This was fortunate because by 1335 the Rusca family had been driven out of Como and had to retreat to Bellinzona. Five years later, in 1340,"
"Milan, was chosen. Visconti's nephew, Vicedomino de' Vicedomini, a native of Piacenza, Archbishop of Aix, was a follower and advisor of the Angevin King Charles I of Naples, brother of Louis IX of France. In 1274 Cardinal Simone travelled to France and was present at the opening session of the Second Council of Lyon, under the presidency of Pope Gregory X. His return journey to Italy seems to have followed a different path from that of the Pope and six cardinals who accompanied him. Cardinal Simone was not present at Arezzo on 10 January 1276, when Pope Gregory X died"
"Milan, aggravated by Pope Gregory X, a Visconti of Piacenza, who in 1273 confirmed Ottone Visconti as legal Archbishop of Milan. Napoleone della Torre reacted exiling all noble families who don't supported him, causing the formation of an ""émigré"" coalition in Novara and Pavia. Using their financial and military support, Ottone's nephew Teobaldo Visconti led an army in Vercelli, occuping Castelseprio. Defeated by Torriani's forces, Teobaldo fled to Lurate, near Como, but after a battle in Gallarate, his last forces were defeated and he was beheaded by Napoleone della Torre in 1276. Ottone, returned in Lombardy in the same year,"
"was back under the jurisdiction of Como in 1249. Conflicts in northern Italy continued, the ""Castelgrande"" was besieged several times in 1284, 1292 and 1303. During this time the Rusca family in Como, a Ghibelline or pro-Imperial family, fought the growing power of Milan under the pro-papacy House of Visconti with limited success. Around the end of the 13th century the Rusca family built another castle, ""Montebello"", in Bellinzona, which they controlled. This was fortunate because by 1335 the Rusca family had been driven out of Como and had to retreat to Bellinzona. Five years later, in 1340, Milan besieged"
"1289. The community consisted of the three village cooperatives (""vicinia"") Costa di Piodina, Costa di Mezzo and Costa di Dentro, which were probably in turn were divided into ""degagne"". The local council selected three community leaders (Consoli), one for each ""vicinia"" who were supported by council members and some lower officials. The entire municipality was ruled by a ""Podestà"", who was initially appointed by the Visconti family of Milan. The ""Podestà"" was recruited from 1342 until the end of Old Swiss Confederacy rule in 1798, from among the Orelli family, a noble family in Locarno. Also, in 1342, the Visconti"
"establishment of a place of refuge against the warfare between the Guelphs and Ghibellines of Vercelli: this was the birth of the Borgo del Piazzo, site of the handsome public square, the Piazza Cisterna, and a Palace fronting on it, the doors of which have stone capitals and terracotta ornaments. Bishop Uguccione's castle was destroyed in a revolt in 1377 that led to the subjection of Biella, along with its dependent ""comuni"", to the yoke of the house of Savoy. In the 14th and 15th centuries the Visconti family competed with Savoy for the possession of the Biella region. The"
"Isabella were used by him and his relatives to oust Luchino Novello from the heritage. Luchino Visconti (died 1349) Luchino Visconti (also spelled Lucchino, 1287 or 1292 – January 24, 1349) was lord of Milan from 1339 to 1349. He was also a condottiero, and lord of Pavia. Ruler of Pavia from 1315, five years later he was ""podestà"" of Vigevano, where he erected the castle that is still visible. In 1323, along with all his family, he was excommunicated with the charge of heresy. The charges of heresy and excommunication were later withdrawn and he became a Papal Vicar"
"to his policies such as heavy taxation for fighting wars. The family rose to princely status in 1395 when the family, namely Giovanni Galeazzo, received the Emperor Wenceslas's ducal title, and was now recognized as the Duke of Milan. However, at the turn of the 15th Century, there were a series of political crises, starting with the ruler Giovanni Maria (1402-1412), who was eventually assassinated. These issues eventually waned when Giovanni's brother, Filippo Maria (1412-1447) took the throne, and he again began to build on the achievements of the Visconti family. Following Filippo's reign, there was a short republican era"
"rogue power in the region between Adda and Ticino rivers. Ottone seek the support of his ally William VII, Marquess of Montferrat, who demanded the city's government as ""Capitano generale"" (general-captain), granted to him in 1278. After William VII's side switch in 1281, Ottone re-acquired full powers on the city, and in the battle of Vaprio d'Adda of 1281, his forces defeated Cassone della Torre, who was killed in the battle, and Raimondo, elder claimant to Milan Archdiocese, who fled to Friuli. In 1287, the old Ottone appointed his grand-nephew Matteo I Visconti as new ""Capitano generale"", left to him"
"the course of the war with Verona, the Republic of Venice occupied Valdagno and kept it until 1340. In 1377 it was pillaged by Bernabò Visconti and in 1404 it went back to the Venetians. From 1434 to 1439 it was occupied by the Visconti family and then re-annexed to Venice by Gian Giorgio Trissino. Between 1510 and 1514 it suffered repeated destruction by the armies of Maximilian I, during the War of the League of Cambrai. Starting from 1797, with the fall of the Republic of Venice, Valdagno fell under French and Austrian rule. It was annexed to the"
"used this as a justification of war against Florence and the Guelphs of Tuscany. The Archbishop placed Giovanni da Oleggio, another Visconti, in command, and he amassed an army from Bologna and led them into Tuscany to besiege and capture towns and castles, while Ghibelline allies in Tuscany wreaked havoc elsewhere in the region. In 1352, Giovanni Visconti became lord of Genoa, and in the following year, he added Novara. In 1353, Petrarch visited as his guest. Giovanni Visconti died 5 October 1354. Giovanni Visconti (archbishop of Milan) Giovanni Visconti (1290–1354) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, who was co-ruler"
"from 1447 to 1450, and Francesco Sforza reasserted the Visconti government. The Visconti's depended on a mercenary army, and with this power they dominated Lombardy, suppressing the local rulers there, and advancing as far as Venetian territory, and also even invading parts of the area of Genoa. The Visconti family gained effective control of the institutions of the Lombardy during their time in power, and their power extended into many realms besides that of politics. During the Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism, when the Papacy was weakened by internal struggles, the Visconti family was able to control several important"
"their rivals in 1302, the della Torre's, but was restored to power in 1311 by Matteo. The Visconti's were restored by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII, who also made Matteo the military vicar of Lombardy at this time. In his time, Matteo also made several territorial gains, as he was able to take control of Pavia, Vercelli, Novara and Como. Following Matteo, there was a long line of powerful successors in the Visconti family, who created a stable state in Milan. This line started with Galeazzo I (1322–1327), Azzone (1329–1339), Giovanni (1339–1354) and Archbishop of Milan starting in 1342,"
"Biscione The biscione (; Milanese: ""bissa"" , plural: ""biscioni""), also known as ""the vipera"" (; ""viper""), is a heraldic charge showing on argent an azure serpent in the act of consuming a human; usually a child and sometimes described as a Moor or an Ottoman Turk. It was the emblem of the Visconti of Milan from the 11th century, becoming associated with Milan as the Visconti gained control over the city in 1277. When the Visconti family died out in the 15th century, the emblem retained its association with the Duchy of Milan and became part of the coats of"
"order to cement their new-found rule. Galeazzo II Visconti Galeazzo II Visconti ( – 4 August 1378) was a member of the Visconti dynasty and a ruler of Milan, Italy. The founder of the Visconti house is a conflicted claim, though widespread credit goes to Galeazzo's ancestor, Ottone Visconti. Other notable figures in the Visconti family include Matteo I (1294-1302), Luchino I (1339-1349) and Bernabò (1354-1385). Prior to his rule over Milan, Galeazzo II was briefly exiled by one of his uncles, Luchino. During his exile he stayed in Savoy before eventually being invited to return to Milan and share"
"ditches and gates (1199), and a network of canals further improved agriculture. In the 13th century Crema was also enriched with its famous cathedral and the Palazzo Pretorio. The communal independence ended in 1335, when the city surrendered to Gian Galeazzo Visconti, whose family held the city until the end of the century. In 1361 Crema was touched by the Black Death. A brief period of rule by the Guelph Benzoni family followed (Bartolomeo and Paolo from 1403 to 1405, then their nephew Giorgio until 1423). The seignory passed again to the Visconti, and, from 1449 onwards, to the Republic"
"most notable in the city. The pope conferred on them the fiefs of Sermoneta, Bassiano, Ninfa and San Donato (1297, 1300), and the marquisate of Ancona in 1300, while Charles II of Anjou created the pope's brother count of Caserta. Giordano Loffredo Caetani by his marriage with Giovanna dell'Aquila, heiress of the counts of Fondi and Traetto, in 1297 added the name of Aquila to his own, and his grandson Giacomo acquired the lordships of Piedimonte and Gioia. The Caetani proved brave warriors and formed a bodyguard to protect Boniface VIII from his many foes. During the 14th and 15th"
"of Jesi. It was a very difficult time for Francesco and Bianca Maria. Francesco Sforza gave back to the pope the town of Jesi in exchange for 35,000 florins, and moved towards Milan along with his wife. News of the death of Filippo Maria Visconti, who died in the night between 13 and 14 August 1447, reached Francesco in Cotignola. Bianca Maria was very angry when she heard about the depredations suffered by the Visconti properties in Milan after Filippo's death. Bianca Maria and Francesco were marching toward Milan, with 4,000 knights and 2,000 infantry, when the new-born Ambrosian Republic,"
"militarily important area. He died at the age of 37 years. His successor, Luchino Visconti was responsible for the construction of the Rocca (starting in 1342), promoted by the municipality of Piacenza. In 1403 Gian Galeazzo Visconti gave Borromeo de’ Borromei and his descendants feudal powers over Castell’Arquato, with the related fiscal revenues. Threatened by the powerful family of the Arcilli from Firenzuola, they gave back their rights to the people of Arquato, who gave them to Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan. From 1416 to 1470 the town was called Castel Visconti. In 1438 Filippo Maria Visconti offered the"
"his brothers. His daughter Caterina was married to Ugolino Gonzaga of Mantua. <BR> Matteo II Visconti Matteo II Visconti ( – Saronno, 29 September 1355) was co-ruler of Milan together with his brothers Galeazzo II and Bernabò. He was the eldest son of Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria. In 1342 he married Egidiola di Filippino of Gonzaga. His uncle Luchino Visconti exiled him to Montferrat in 1346, but in 1350 returned to Milan. As co-ruler of the domain after the death of his uncle Giovanni Visconti (1354), Matteo was given Lodi, Piacenza, Parma and Bologna. He died after a dinner"
"identities of Visconti and Olgiati, and the three were publicly executed on January 2, 1477. The bodies of the three men were torn from groin to neck and affixed to the gates of Milan as a warning to others; the heads were separated and displayed on lances on the city's belltower. Franzone Franzone (died January 2, 1477) was a servant of the Lampugnani family of Milan, and a figure in the assassination of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. Franzone was a servant to Giovanni Andrea Lampugnani, the head conspirator in a plot to assassinate the Milanese Duke. Little"
"and the Marquis William_VII of Montferrat convened in Corbetta with the aim of creating an anti-Visconti alliance. In 1292 Matteo I Visconti resumed power in Milan, and gathered an army at Corbetta to conquer Novara. Visconti's son Galeazzo subsequently became vicar of Novara. Here in 1299, supporters of Montferrat conspired to conquer the city: Galeazzo Visconti escaped and took shelter in the castle of Corbetta. At the end of the 13th century painter Simone da Corbetta created frescoes in the church and cloister of Saint Maria dei Serviti in Milan, now conserved in the Pinacoteca di Brera. On 4 January"