"Sonia Delaunay Sonia Delaunay (November 14, 1885 – December 5, 1979) was a Ukrainian-born French artist, who spent most of her working life in Paris and, with her husband Robert Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colors and geometric shapes. Her work extends to painting, textile design and stage set design. She was the first living female artist to have a retrospective exhibition at the Louvre in 1964, and in 1975 was named an officer of the French Legion of Honor. Her work in modern design included the concepts of geometric abstraction,"
"background, not defining solid objects but the areas that surround them. The spectral colors of Neoimpressionism were later abandoned. The ""Eiffel Tower"" series represented the fragmentation of solid objects and their merging with space. Influences in this series were Cézanne, Analytical Cubism, and Futurism. In the ""Eiffel Tower"" the interpenetration of tangible objects and surrounding space is accompanied by the intense movement of geometric planes that are more dynamic than the static equilibrium of Cubist forms. In 1908, after a term in the military working as a regimental librarian, he met Sonia Terk; at the time she was married to"
"influenced art movements throughout Europe. During the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, where František Kupka exhibited the abstract painting ""Amorpha, Fugue en deux couleurs"" (""Fugue in Two Colors"") (1912), the poet Guillaume Apollinaire named the work of several artists including Robert Delaunay, Orphism. He defined it as, ""the art of painting new structures out of elements that have not been borrowed from the visual sphere, but had been created entirely by the artist...it is a pure art."" Since the turn of the century, cultural connections between artists of the major European cities had become extremely active as they strove"
"not fully articulated in his poems, ""the voice of light"" is identified as a line that could be colored and become a painting. The Orphic metaphor thus represented the artist’s power to create new structures and color harmonies, in an innovative creative process that combined to form a sensuous experience. The term Orphism was coined by poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire at the Salon de la Section d'Or in 1912, referring to the works of František Kupka. During his lecture at the Section d'Or exhibit Apollinaire presented three of Kupka's abstract works as perfect examples of ""pure painting"", as"
"Stephen Sauvestre Charles Léon Stephen Sauvestre (26 December 1847 - 18 June 1919) was a French architect. He is notable for being one of the architects contributing to the design of the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France. Brice was born in Bonnétable, Sarthe in France in 1847. His father Charles Sauvestre was a writer, socialist, activist and teacher and his mother was a housewife. He graduated with first class honors from École Spéciale d'Architecture in 1868. He died in 1919. Sauvestre contributed to the design of the Eiffel Tower, adding the decorative arches"
"painting for Imelda but did not have a chance to give her the money. The Philippine government seeks the return of the painting. ""Le Bassin aux Nympheas"", also known as ""Japanese Footbridge over the Water-Lily Pond at Giverny"", is part of Monet's famed Water Lilies series. Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (; ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein air landscape painting. The term ""Impressionism"" is derived from"
"former parade ground that lies Paris' foremost tourist attraction. The Eiffel Tower, built by Gustave Alexandre Eiffel for the 1889 Universal Exposition, averages around 6 million visitors a year. Further east along the bank of the Seine lies the former Paris-à-Orléans train station built for the 1900 Universal Exposition. Closed in 1939, it has been since renovated into a museum of 19th-century art, the Musée d'Orsay, open to the public since December 1986. This quarter owes its artistic reputation to its Montparnasse cemetery. Open from 1824, it attracted the ateliers of sculptors and engravers to the still-inbuilt land nearby, and"
"Tower 13 Tower 13 (), also known as Paris Tower 13 () was a building used for a street art exhibition in Paris, France. Tower 13 was originally a 10-story residential building used in a low-income housing project and scheduled to be demolished in 2014. Mehdi Ben Cheikh, a Tunisian-born art teacher and founder of the Galerie Itinerrance, obtained the rights for an art exhibition in the tower as part of a collaboration with Jérôme Coumet, the mayor of the 13th arrondissement of Paris, to ""invite well known urban artists to create a collective open air museum."" Cheikh spent six"
"Charles Henry played an important role in the formulation of Orphism. Robert Delaunay, Albert Gleizes, and Gino Severini, all knew Henry personally. Charles Henry, a mathematician, inventor, esthetician, and intimate friend of the Symbolist writers Félix Fénéon and Gustave Kahn, met Seurat, Signac and Pissarro during the last Impressionist exhibition in 1886. Henry would take the final step in bringing ""emotional associational theory"" into the world of artistic sensation: something that would influence greatly the Neo-Impressionists. Henry and Seurat were in agreement that the basic elements of art—the line, particle of color, like words—could be treated autonomously, each possessing an"
"Golden Age painting the idiosyncratic paintings and prints of Hercules Seghers (c. 1589 – c. 1638), as rare as Patinirs, were great panoramic views, very often with mountains. In contrast, Philips Koninck (1619–1688) used the panoramic elevated view, and often included water, but showed vistas of flat farmland or town roofs with a low horizon. The Italian Niccolò dell'Abbate, part of the School of Fontainebleau, introduced the Flemish world landscape into French art in works such as the ""Orpheus and Euridice"" in the National Gallery, London and the ""Rape of Prosperine"" in the Louvre, both large paintings. In French Baroque"
"a sensation. Russell also began exhibiting at the Salon des Indépendants in 1913. Synchromism was an early innovation in pure abstraction, which was developed primarily by Russell with contributions from Stanton Macdonald-Wright. Other American painters in Paris experimenting with Synchromism at the time included Thomas Hart Benton, Andrew Dasburg, and Patrick Henry Bruce, all of whom were friends with Russell and Macdonald-Wright. Bruce was also friendly with Sonia and Robert Delaunay, proponents of Orphism (a term coined in 1912 by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire). Similarities between Synchromism and Orphism led to later charges of plagiarism, which both Russell and Macdonald-Wright"
"of foreign tourists came in order from Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy, China and Canada. In 2012, 263,212 salaried workers in the city of Paris, or 18.4 percent of the total number, were engaged in tourism-related sectors; hotels, catering, transport and leisure. In 2014 visitors to Paris spent 17 billion dollars (13.58 billion Euros), the third highest sum globally after London and New York. The Eiffel Tower is acknowledged as the universal symbol of Paris and France. It was originally designed by Émile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin. In March 1885 Gustave Eiffel, known primarily as a successful iron engineer,"
"his work is just as crucial as that of the more celebrated abstractionists including Mondrian, Kandinsky, Malevich, and Delaunay. The influential art critic Guillaume Apollinaire labeled Kupka as an Orphic artist, and Kupka claimed to begin his Orphic artwork in 1911. As Hajo Düchting writes, Apollinaire used the term Orphism to describe “a new kind of joyously sensuous art, whose roots were in Cubism and which had a tendency towards abstraction.” Orphism also alluded to the myth of Orpheus and referenced the artist’s creative innovation through the sensuous interplay of color and light and color and music. Kupka was not"
"and his court. Louis XV, guided largely by Madame de Pompadour, was the most important art patron of the period. He commissioned François Boucher to paint pastoral scenes for his apartments in Versailles, and gave him the title of First Painter of the King in 1765. Other artists patronized by the King included Jean-Baptiste Oudry, Maurice Quentin de la Tour, Jean Marc Nattier, and the sculptor Edme Bouchardon. Bouchardon created the monumental statue of Louis XV on horseback which was the centerpiece of Place Louis XV until it was pulled down during the Revolution. The French philosophical movement later called"
"Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 183227 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he made his name building various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. Gustave Eiffel was born in Burgundy, France, in"
"one of the best known Impressionists and a major character in Normandy's artistic heritage. His house and gardens at Giverny are one of the region's major tourist sites, much visited for their beauty and their water lilies, as well as for their importance to Monet's artistic inspiration. Normandy was at the heart of his creation, from the paintings of Rouen's cathedral to the famous depictions of the cliffs at Etretat, the beach and port at Fécamp and the sunrise at Le Havre. It was ""Impression, Sunrise"", Monet's painting of Le Havre, that led to the movement being dubbed Impressionism. After"
"of David included Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835), and the most prominent of all, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, (1780-1867), who painted his famous ""Grand Odalisque"" in the year that Napoleon first went into exile. The new generation of neoclassicists, led by Ingres and Gérard, largely ignored the idea of a classicism based on Ancient Roman and Greek values, and concentrated instead on the perfection of the depiction of human body, by its lines, composition and color. During the Restoration, Ingres was commissioned to paint a mural for the ceiling of the Salle Clarac of the Louvre, called ""Apothéose de Homer"". Completed in 1827, it"
"František Kupka František Kupka (23 September 1871 – 24 June 1957), also known as ""Frank Kupka"" or ""François Kupka,"" was a Czech painter and graphic artist. He was a pioneer and co-founder of the early phases of the abstract art movement and Orphic Cubism (Orphism). Kupka's abstract works arose from a base of realism, but later evolved into pure abstract art. František Kupka was born in Opočno (eastern Bohemia) in Austria-Hungary in 1871. From 1889 to 1892, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague. At this time, he painted historical and patriotic themes. Kupka enrolled at the"
"also New York City, Rome, Tokyo, Munich, Madrid, Amsterdam, Buenos Aires, Milan, and Osaka. In the words of Saint John of the Cross, 'To reach the unknown, you must pass through the unknown.' Academicism--finished for good, isn't it? Michel Tapié Michel Tapié (Michel Tapié de Céleyran; 26 February 1909 – 30 July 1987) was a French art critic, curator, and collector. He was an early and influential theorist and practitioner of ""tachisme"", a French style of abstract painting popular in the 1940s and 1950s which is regarded as a European version of abstract expressionism. Tapié was from an aristocratic French"
"adapting a format previously explored by Sir Isaac Newton and Hermann von Helmholtz. This work in turn led Kupka to execute a series of paintings he called ""Discs of Newton"" (1911–12). Works in Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy: Other works include ""The Cathedral (Katedrála)"". František Kupka František Kupka (23 September 1871 – 24 June 1957), also known as ""Frank Kupka"" or ""François Kupka,"" was a Czech painter and graphic artist. He was a pioneer and co-founder of the early phases of the abstract art movement and Orphic Cubism (Orphism). Kupka's abstract works arose from a base of realism, but later"
"stylistically between the artist's ""Saint-Séverin"" series and ""Windows"" series. Delaunay's Eiffel Tower series is evoked in architectural paintings of other iconic buildings by his contemporary, the New York artist John Marin, in his ""Woolworth Building, No. 31"" of 1912, and later by the Ontario artist Greg Curnoe's ""CN Tower"" series of the 1970s and 1980s. The 1913 artist's book ""La prose du Transsibérien et de la Petite Jehanne de France"", a collaborative work between Sonia Delaunay and the poet Blaise Cendrars, forms an epic narrative of a Trans-Siberian Railway journey that concludes in Paris at a Simultanist Eiffel Tower. They"
"and raised thanks to naval techniques. Sacha Sosno Alexandre Joseph Sosnowsky, (1937 – 3 December 2013), better known by the name Sacha Sosno, was an internationally renowned French sculptor and painter. Working most of the time in Nice, in his last decades Sosno achieved international recognition for his monumental outdoor sculptures in Côte d'Azur, France. Along with: Yves Klein, Arman and Cesar he was part of the New Realist (Nouveau réalisme) movement . Sosno had a singular artistic approach: the concept of obliteration. His sculptures are masked by empty or full space, inviting the viewer to use his own imagination."
"Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower ( ; ) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–1889 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
"William S. Burroughs's ""Naked Lunch"" (both published by Olympia Press), and Henry Miller's ""Tropic of Cancer"" (published by Obelisk Press). Following on the radical developments of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism at the end of the nineteenth century, the first half of the twentieth century in France saw the even more revolutionary experiments of cubism, dada and surrealism, artistic movements that would have a major impact on western, and eventually world, art. After World War II, while French artists explored such tendencies as tachism, fluxus and new realism, France's preeminence in the visual arts was eclipsed by developments elsewhere (the United States"
"of architecture including the Arc de Triomphe and a symbol of France, the Eiffel Tower. Prior to the 12th century, Paris was not yet famed for its art. Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French Baroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquired a reputation for being the finest artists in the royal court"
"Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (; 26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish-Belarusian descent. Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. He is credited with coining the term ""cubism"" in 1911 to describe the emerging art movement and the term ""surrealism"" in 1917 to describe the works of Erik Satie. The term Orphism (1912) is also his. Apollinaire wrote one of the earliest Surrealist literary"
"Piet Mondrian developed a similar mosaic-like Divisionist technique circa 1909. The Futurists later (1909–1916) would incorporate the style, under the influence of Gino Severini's Parisian works (from 1907 onward), into their dynamic paintings and sculpture. In the prime of his career he painted a number of series that included: the ""Saint-Sévrin"" series (1909–10); the ""City"" series (1909–1911); the ""Eiffel Tower"" series (1909–1912); the ""City of Paris"" series (1911–12); the ""Window"" series (1912–1914); the ""Cardiff Team"" series (1913); the ""Circular Forms"" series (1913); and ""The First Disk"" (1913). Delaunay is most closely identified with Orphism. From 1912 to 1914, he painted"
"entirely by himself. [...] An Orphic painter's works should convey an ""untroubled aesthetic pleasure"", but at the same time a ""meaningful structure and sublime significance"". According to Apollinaire Orphism represented a move towards a completely new art-form, much as music was to literature. The term Surrealism was first used by Apollinaire concerning the ballet ""Parade"" in 1917. The poet Arthur Rimbaud wanted to be a visionary, to perceive the hidden side of things within the realm of another reality. In continuity with Rimbaud, Apollinaire went in search of a hidden and mysterious reality. The term ""surrealism"" appeared for the first"
"and many other still unpublished writings. Politically he was an anarchist, as were many of his friends, including Félix Fénéon and Camille Pissarro. Paul Signac Paul Victor Jules Signac (; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, working with Georges Seurat, helped develop the Pointillist style. Paul Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863. He followed a course of training in architecture before deciding at the age of 18 to pursue a career as a painter after attending an exhibit of Monet's work. He sailed around the coasts of Europe, painting the"
"relationship between Louis and Wilhelm Uhde from their first encounter in 1912 until her days in the Clermont Asylum. Séraphine Louis Séraphine Louis, known as Séraphine de Senlis (Séraphine of Senlis) (1864–1942), was a French painter in the naïve style. Self-taught, she was inspired by her religious faith and by stained-glass church windows and other religious art. The intensity of her images, both in colour and replicative design, is sometimes interpreted as a reflection of her own psyche, walking a tightrope between ecstasy and mental illness. Louis was born in Arsy (Oise) on 3 September 1864. Her father was a"
"Impressionism, Neo-Impressionism and Orphism. Michel Eugène Chevreul Michel Eugène Chevreul (31 August 1786 – 9 April 1889) was a French chemist whose work with fatty acids led to early applications in the fields of art and science. He is credited with the discovery of margaric acid, creatine, and designing an early form of soap made from animal fats and salt. He lived to 102 and was a pioneer in the field of gerontology. He is also one of the 72 people whose names are inscribed on the Eiffel Tower; of those 72 scientists and engineers, Chevreul was one of only"
"such works as the Pont Neuf seen through a circular window in the Louvre (shortly after 1808) which illustrates the view taken from one of the circular windows behind the colonnade of the east front of the Louvre, in Paris, hence the title of his work. His work forms a significant historic and topographical record of urban settings. Victor-Jean Nicolle Victor-Jean Nicolle (1754–1826) was a French artist. Nicolle was born in the city of Paris. He revealed his talent for landscape compositions at an early age when, in 1771, as a pupil of the Royal School of Drawing he won"
"Alexandre Benois. Satie (1866-1925) was in poor health, due largely to a long life of excessive drinking. Nonetheless he established connections with the Dadaist movement, and wrote the music for two ballets shortly before his death. Igor Stravinsky (1888-1971) first achieved fame in Paris just before World War I with his revolutionary compositions for the Ballets Russes. In 1920 he returned for a production of a new ballet, ""Pulcinella"", with sets designed by Pablo Picasso. He, his wife and daughter were invited by designer Coco Chanel to stay in her new house in the Paris suburb of Garches. Struggling for"