"remarried (1614) William FitzWilliam of Dundrum, Dublin, younger brother of Thomas FitzWilliam, 1st Viscount FitzWilliam, who died in 1616. By the marriage of his daughter Rose to Sir Edward Trevor of Rostrevor, County Down, Ussher became the grandfather of Marcus Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon (1618–1670). Henry Ussher Henry Ussher (1550 – 2 April 1613) was an Irish Protestant churchman, a founder of Trinity College, Dublin and Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh. The second of five sons of Thomas Ussher by Margaret (d. January 1597), daughter of Henry Geydon, alderman of Dublin, he was born in Dublin about 1550. Ambrose"
"as the chronology is based on Ussher's work alone and not that of Lightfoot. Ussher deduced that the first day of creation fell upon, October 23, 4004 BC, in the proleptic Julian calendar, near the autumnal equinox. Lightfoot similarly deduced that Creation began at nightfall near the autumnal equinox, but in the year 3929 BC. Ussher's proposed date of 4004 BC differed little from other Biblically-based estimates, such as those of Jose ben Halafta (3761 BC), Bede (3952 BC), Ussher's near-contemporary Scaliger (3949 BC), Johannes Kepler (3992 BC) or Sir Isaac Newton (c. 4000 BC). Ussher was influenced by the"
"published in 1654. In this work, he calculated the date of the Creation to have been nightfall on 22 October 4004 BC. (Other scholars, such as Cambridge academic, John Lightfoot, calculated their own dates for the Creation.) The time of the Ussher chronology is frequently misquoted as being 9 a.m., noon or 9 p.m. on 23 October. See the related article on the chronology for a discussion of its claims and methodology. Ussher's work is now used to support Young Earth Creationism, which holds that the universe was created thousands of years ago (rather than billions). But while calculating the"
"using the Biblical model, are about 5500 BC and about 4000 BC. These are calculated from the genealogies in two versions of the Bible, with most of the difference arising from two versions of Genesis. The older dates of the Church Fathers in the ""Byzantine Era"" and in its precursor, the ""Alexandrian Era"", are based on the Greek Septuagint. The later dates of Archbishop James Ussher and the Hebrew Calendar are based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. The Fathers were well aware of the discrepancy of some hundreds of years between the Greek and Hebrew Old Testament chronology, and it"
"was believed to indicate that Jesus would return in 2000 AD, more than six thousand years after 4004 BC. Modern proponents of this interpretation hold that the creation date 4004 BC could be inaccurate. The chronologies of Ussher and other biblical scholars corresponded so closely because they used much the same methodology to calculate key events recorded in the Bible. Establishing the chronologies is complicated by the fact that the Bible was compiled by different authors over several centuries with lengthy chronological gaps, making it difficult to do a simple totaling of Biblical ages and dates. In his article on"
"same account as the apocryphal Book of Jasher, dating the worldwide flood to 2349 BC and the birth of Terah in 2127 BC. The date of 4000 BC as the creation of Adam was at least partially influenced by the widely held belief that the Earth was approximately 5600 years old (2000 to Abraham, 2000 from Abraham to the birth of Christ, and 1600 years from Christ to Ussher), corresponding to the six days of Creation, on the grounds that ""one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day"" (). This tradition"
"increasing fear that the end of the world was nigh, until the Venerable Bede made his own calculations and found that Christ's birth took place in AM 3592, allowing several more centuries to the end of time. Martin Luther (1483–1546) switched the point of focus from Christ's birth to the Apostolic Council of Acts 15, which he placed in the year AM 4000, believing this marked the moment when the Mosaic Law was abolished and the new age of grace began. This was widely accepted among European Protestants, but in the English-speaking world, Archbishop James Ussher (1581–1656) calculated a date"
"Ussher's calendar, James Barr has identified three distinct periods that Ussher and others had to tackle: After reckoning the years from creation to the last kings of Judah, Ussher used to establish the length of time from the creation to the accession of Babylonian king Amel-Marduk (also known as Evil-Merodach). He then used information from Babylonian, Greek, and Roman sources to fix the date of Amel-Marduk's enthronment at 562 BC (after Nebuchadnezzar's death), from which he was able to deduce a creation in 4004 BC. In fixing the date of Jesus' birth, Ussher took account of an error perpetrated by"
"the World"" (1658). In the following extract from the English translation, the phrase ""in the year of the Julian Calendar"" refers to the Julian Period, of which year 1 is 4713 BC, and therefore year 710 is 4004 BC. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. Ge. 1:1 This beginning of time, according to our chronology, happened at the start of the evening preceding the 23rd day of October in the year of the Julian Calendar, 710. Ussher provides a slightly different time in his ""Epistle to the Reader"" in his Latin and English works: ""I deduce"
"as ""approximately 1992 years""; this period, plus the 2,000 years from Christ to the modern day, ""is not in question,"" and the debate focuses on the centuries-long lifespans of Methusaleh and other figures from Genesis 1-11. This approach has a deep history in Christian thought: prior to the mid-18th century, the age of the Earth was calculated partly or wholly on the basis of the bible and religious theory. Using these methods, the 17th century scholar Archbishop Ussher arrived at the conclusion that the Earth was created in 4004 BC, exactly four thousand years before the birth of Christ, giving"
"usually in close agreement with modern accounts—for example, he placed the death of Alexander in 323 BC and that of Julius Caesar in 44 BC. Ussher's last extra-biblical co-ordinate was the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar, and beyond this point he had to rely on other considerations. Faced with inconsistent texts of the Torah, each with a different number of years between Flood and Creation, Ussher chose the Masoretic version, which claims an unbroken history of careful transcription stretching back centuries—but his choice was confirmed for him, because it placed Creation exactly four thousand years before 4 BC, the generally accepted date"
"that the time from the creation until midnight, January 1, 1 AD was 4003 years, seventy days and six hours."" Six hours before midnight would be 6 pm. By the middle of the 19th century, Ussher's chronology came under increasing attack from supporters of uniformitarianism, who argued that Ussher's ""young Earth"" was incompatible with the increasingly accepted view of an Earth much more ancient than Ussher's. It became generally accepted that the Earth was tens, perhaps even hundreds of millions of years old. Ussher fell into disrepute among theologians as well; in 1890, Princeton professor William Henry Green wrote a"
"around 4000 BC became common, and it was received with wide support. Proposed calculations of the date of creation, using the Masoretic from the 10th century to the 18th century, were numerous and fluctuated by many decades. Notably, Isaac Newton's calculation pointed at the year 4000 BC. Among the Masoretic creation estimates or calculations for the date of creation, Archbishop Ussher's specific chronology dating the creation to 4004 BC became the most accepted and popular in Christendom, mainly because this specific date was attached to the King James Bible. The Hebrew Calendar has traditionally, since the 4th century AD by"
"one day earlier than the traditional day of its creation, on the fourth day of Creation week, Wednesday, along with the Sun, Moon, and stars . Modern equations place the autumnal equinox of 4004 BC on Sunday, October 23 (by the Julian calendar). Ussher's understanding of creation placed the ""first day"" referred to in on October 23, but with a ""pre-creation"" event, which he identified as the ""beginning of time"" occurring the previous night. Ussher referred to his dating of creation on the first page of ""Annales"" in Latin and on the first page of its English translation ""Annals of"
"una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto"" (""Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world, the chronicle of Asiatic and Egyptian matters together produced from the beginning of historical time up to the beginnings of Maccabees""). Ussher's work was his contribution to the long-running theological debate on the age of the Earth. This was a major concern of many Christian scholars over the centuries. The chronology is sometimes called the UssherLightfoot chronology because John Lightfoot published a similar chronology in 1642–1644. This, however, is a misnomer,"
"an edition published in 1899 by the John Murphy Company of Baltimore, which was approved by James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore. This edition included a chronology that was consistent with young-earth creationism (specifically, one based on James Ussher's calculation of the year of creation as 4004 BC). In 1914, the John Murphy Company published a new edition with a modified chronology consistent with new findings in Catholic scholarship; in this edition, no attempt was made to attach precise dates to the events of the first eleven chapters of Genesis, and many of the dates calculated in the 1899 edition"
"execution of Charles I from the roof of the Countess of Peterborough's home in London but fainted before the axe fell. Ussher now concentrated on his research and writing and returned to the study of chronology and the church fathers. After a 1647 work on the origin of the Creeds, Ussher published a treatise on the calendar in 1648. This was a warm-up for his most famous work, the ""Annales veteris testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti"" (""Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world""), which appeared in 1650, and its continuation, ""Annalium pars posterior"","
"date of the Creation is today considered a controversial activity, in Ussher's time such a calculation was still regarded as an important task, one previously attempted by many Post-Reformation scholars, such as Joseph Justus Scaliger and physicist Isaac Newton. Ussher's chronology represented a considerable feat of scholarship: it demanded great depth of learning in what was then known of ancient history, including the rise of the Persians, Greeks and Romans, as well as expertise in the Bible, biblical languages, astronomy, ancient calendars and chronology. Ussher's account of historical events for which he had multiple sources other than the Bible is"
"Biblical literalist chronology Biblical literalist chronology is the attempt to correlate the theological dates used in the Bible with the real chronology of actual events. The Bible measures time from the date of Creation (years are measured as anno mundi, or AM, meaning Year of the World), but there is no agreement on when this was, some of the better-known alternatives including Archbishop James Ussher, who placed it in 4004 BCE, Isaac Newton in 4000 BCE, Martin Luther in 3961 BCE, the traditional Jewish date of 3760 BCE, and the traditional Greek Orthodox date, based on the Septuagint, of 5009"
"Dionysius Exiguus, the founder of the Anno Domini numbering system. Ussher chose 5 BC as Christ's birth year because Josephus indicated that the death of Herod the Great occurred in 4 BC. Thus, for the Gospel of Matthew to be correct, Jesus could not have been born after that date. The season in which Creation occurred was the subject of considerable theological debate in Ussher's time. Many scholars proposed it had taken place in the spring, the start of the Babylonian, Chaldean and other cultures' chronologies. Others, including Ussher, thought it more likely that it had occurred in the autumn,"
"""Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London"", and the ""Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society"", and several other learned journals. He was awarded the Murchison Medal in 1914. The Ussher Society, named in his honour, was founded in 1962 to promote the study of geology and geomorphology in southwest England. William Augustus Edmond Ussher William Augustus Edmond Ussher (8 July 1849 – 19 March 1920) was a British geologist. Ussher, born in County Galway, was the youngest of six children in an Irish Protestant family that could trace its ancestry back to Archbishop James Ussher. In"
"year 1769, as Smith was born, James Watt was patenting a steam engine, cloth manufacture was improving, the postal service was viable. New technology and information was rapidly becoming available or even common-place. ""William Smith appeared on the stage at a profoundly interesting moment: he was about to make it more so."" These claims by Winchester are inaccurate. Geologists had begun to recognize that the earth was old in the late 1600s. Ussher's 4004 BC age for the earth, along with similar estimates by Isaac Newton and other academics of the 17th century, was merely a historical footnote in academia"
"be translated as ""the First Book of Uss(h)er"" and refers to James Ussher, Archbishop of Armagh. Despite the name, it is doubtful that Ussher ever actually owned the manuscript. The text of the codex was collated in 1884 by T. K. Abbott who also gave the manuscript its name. Currently it is housed at Trinity College (55) at Dublin and can be read online using the Digital Collections portal of the Trinity College library. Codex Usserianus Primus Codex Usserianus Primus (Dublin, Trinity College Library, 55) is an early 7th-century Old Latin Gospel Book. It is dated palaeographically to the 6th"
"Geneva Bible (1560). It also contained a cross-referencing system that tied together related verses of Scripture and allowed a reader to follow biblical themes from one chapter and book to another (so called ""chain references""). Finally, the 1917 edition also attempted to date events of the Bible. It was in the pages of the Scofield Reference Bible that many Christians first encountered Archbishop James Ussher's calculation of the date of Creation as 4004 BC; and through discussion of Scofield's notes, which advocated the ""gap theory,"" fundamentalists began a serious internal debate about the nature and chronology of creation. The Scofield"
"Subsequently George Smith's discovery that the Genesis story was an adaptation of earli—er Chaldean flood myths finished most attempts to use the flood story in science. The Biblical record was traditionally taken as a standard for the antiquity of mankind with estimates of 5199 BC under Pope Urban VIII in 1640 and 4004 BC of Bishop Ussher in 1650. Joseph Scaliger had previously argued for taking the histories of Egypt and Babylon into account and during the eighteenth century it became increasingly difficult to fit their chronologies into this timescale. In the nineteenth century, Menes, the first king of Egypt"
"Lyell. The application of stratigraphy to archaeology first took place with the excavations of prehistorical and Bronze Age sites. In the third and fourth decade of the 19th century, archaeologists like Jacques Boucher de Perthes and Christian Jürgensen Thomsen began to put the artifacts they had found in chronological order. Another important development was the idea of deep time. Before this, people had the notion that the earth was quite young. James Ussher used the Old Testament and calculated that the origins of the world were on 23 October 4004 BC (A Sunday). Later Jacques Boucher de Perthes (1788-1868) established"
"of heresy at the table of Bishop Wilfrid, because his chronology was contrary to accepted calculations of around 5500 BC. After the Masoretic Text was published, however, dating creation around 4000 BC became common, and was received with wide support. Proposed calculations of the date of creation using the Masoretic from the 10th century to the 18th century include: Marianus Scotus (4192 BC), Henry Fynes Clinton (4138 BC), Maimonides (4058 BC), Henri Spondanus (4051 BC), Benedict Pereira (4021 BC), Louis Cappel (4005 BC), James Ussher (4004 BC), Augustin Calmet (4002 BC), Isaac Newton (4000 BC), Petavius (3984 BC), Theodore Bibliander"
"Graham Usher (bishop) Graham Barham Usher (born 11 September 1970) is an Anglican bishop and ecologist. Since 2014, he has been the Bishop of Dudley, a suffragan bishop in the Diocese of Worcester. He was previously rector of Hexham Abbey. Usher was born on 11 September 1970. He was baptised by Douglas Sargent, the then Bishop of Selby. His early years were spent living in Ghana. Between 1981 and 1989, he was educated at Pocklington School, an independent school in Pocklington, Yorkshire. He studied ecological science at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in"
"and the ""Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary"" (2003). Biblical literalist chronology Biblical literalist chronology is the attempt to correlate the theological dates used in the Bible with the real chronology of actual events. The Bible measures time from the date of Creation (years are measured as anno mundi, or AM, meaning Year of the World), but there is no agreement on when this was, some of the better-known alternatives including Archbishop James Ussher, who placed it in 4004 BCE, Isaac Newton in 4000 BCE, Martin Luther in 3961 BCE, the traditional Jewish date of 3760 BCE, and the traditional Greek Orthodox"
"for the birth of the 'Jesus' of the Christian faith; moreover, he calculated, Solomon's temple was completed in the year 3000 from creation, so that there were exactly 1000 years from the temple to Jesus, who was thought to be the 'fulfillment' of the Temple. Ussher remains extremely popular amongst creationists, even though they reject his methodology of using the most up to date contemporary scientific, chronological, historical and biblical scholarship to date the age of the world. In 1655, Ussher published his last book, ""De Graeca Septuaginta Interpretum Versione"", the first serious examination of the Septuagint, discussing its accuracy"
"was believed that, based on the Anno Mundi calendar, Jesus was born in the year 5500 (or 5500 years after the world was created) with the year 6000 of the Anno Mundi calendar marking the end of the world. Anno Mundi 6000 (approximately AD 500) was thus equated with the second coming of Christ and the end of the world. In 525, Dionysius prepared a table of the future dates of Easter and a set of ""arguments"" explaining their calculation (computus). This followed a request by Pope John I, possibly influenced by the fact that the then current Victorian tables"
"William Augustus Edmond Ussher William Augustus Edmond Ussher (8 July 1849 – 19 March 1920) was a British geologist. Ussher, born in County Galway, was the youngest of six children in an Irish Protestant family that could trace its ancestry back to Archbishop James Ussher. In April 1868 William Ussher joined the Geological Survey after passing a civil service examination. He retired from the Survey in 1909 after making major contributions to establishing the stratigraphic succession in the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian-Triassic rocks in southwestern England, especially Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset. He contributed articles to the ""Geological Magazine"", the"
"creation to 4004 BC became the most accepted and popular, mainly because this specific date was attached to the King James Bible. Alfonso X of Castile commissioned the Alfonsine tables, composed of astronomical data based on observation, from which the date of the creation has been calculated to be either 6984 BC or 6484 BC. Dating creation Dating creation is the attempt to provide an estimate of the age of Earth or the age of the universe as understood through the origin myths of various religious traditions. Various traditional beliefs held that Planet Earth, or the entire Universe, was brought"