"of the title 'cartel ship' refers to the , a British P&O cruise liner that the UK used in 1982 in the Falkland Islands War. Known colloquially as 'The Great White Whale', ""Canberra"" ferried 4,000 Argentinian prisoners of war from the islands to Puerto Madryn, Argentina, from East Falkland after the cessation of hostilities, and was appointed a cartel ship by the Red Cross representative Hugo Berchtold, then present in the islands. Citations References Cartel (ship) Cartel ships, in international law, are ships employed on humanitarian voyages, in particular, to carry communications or prisoners between belligerents. They fly distinctive flags,"
"Salle along with two U.S. Navy destroyers dispatched from the U.S. east coast on a six-month rotating basis were routinely on patrol in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea and the general Indian Ocean regions. The LaSalle was considered by the Navy to be isolated duty and anything but a plum assignment by its crew. To symbolize its relatively minor status as a fighting ship at this time, the La Salle's nickname, emblazoned on T-shirts sold in the ship's store and wryly smiled about by those many of the ship's crew who wore them, unofficially became ""The Great White Whale"". By"
"Great White Fleet The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the powerful United States Navy battle fleet that completed a journey around the globe from 16 December 1907, to 22 February 1909, by order of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. Its mission was to make friendly courtesy visits to numerous countries, while displaying new U.S. naval power to the world. It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts. Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American military power and blue-water navy capability. Hoping to enforce treaties and protect overseas holdings, the United States Congress appropriated"
"the need for coaling stations and auxiliary ships for coaling and resupply. Notes Citations Great White Fleet The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the powerful United States Navy battle fleet that completed a journey around the globe from 16 December 1907, to 22 February 1909, by order of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. Its mission was to make friendly courtesy visits to numerous countries, while displaying new U.S. naval power to the world. It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts. Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American military power and blue-water navy"
"of World War II, Allied shipping across the globe became vulnerable to attacks by German Navy commerce raiders and U-boats. The British Falkland Islands and the waters of the Antarctic were no exception. On 13 January 1941, German auxiliary cruiser ""Pinguin"" began terrorizing the unarmed and unescorted Norwegian whaling fleet which had relocated to sub Antarctic waters after having depleted the whale population of the Northern Hemisphere through overexploitation. ""Pinguin"" managed to seize a haul of 20,320 ton of whale oil from whalers ""Solglimt"", ""Pelagos"" and ""Ole Wegger"", making it one of the largest prizes seized by a commerce raider"
"Weapons of the Falklands War These are some of the key weapons of the Falklands War used by both sides. The Exocet is probably the most famous weapon of the war, sinking two British ships and damaging a third. Operated by both sides the missile was used by the Argentine Navy either air launched from Dassault Super Étendard jets and from an improvised land launcher. The Sea Skua was a British light anti-ship missile, fired from Lynx helicopters, its warhead is only 20 kg compared with the Exocet's 165 kg. However, hits from three Sea Skua missiles badly damaged the"
"ships in the Falklands War, while ""Herald and Hecla"" also served in the Gulf War and the former as a temporary Antarctic Patrol Ship in 1991 and 1992. ""Hecate"" saw service as the temporary Antarctic Patrol Ship in 1982 after being painted grey and fitted with AA guns in Gibraltar. ""Hecate"" was the first Royal Navy vessel to visit South America following the Falklands conflict. During the conflict, 'Hecla', commanded by Captain Geoffrey Hope RN, with Lt. Cdr. Ward as XO, ferried Argentinian prisoners of war to Montevideo. Being the first vessel of the conflict to be in the glare"
"day refer to Great White Sharks as ""Tommy Sharks,"" after the Tommys that were taken by them in water. HMS Birkenhead (1845) HMS ""Birkenhead, also referred to as HM Troopship ""Birkenhead or Steam Frigate ""Birkenhead"", was one of the first iron-hulled ships built for the Royal Navy. She was designed as a steam frigate, but was converted to a troopship before being commissioned. She was wrecked on 26 February 1852, while transporting troops to Algoa Bay at Danger Point near Gansbaai, 87 miles (140 kilometres) from Cape Town, South Africa. There were not enough serviceable lifeboats for all the passengers,"
"the time, ""Canberra"" was cruising in the Mediterranean. The next day, her captain Dennis Scott-Masson received a message asking his time of arrival at Gibraltar, which was not on his itinerary. When he called at Gibraltar, he learnt that the Ministry of Defence had requisitioned ""Canberra"" for use as a troopship. ""Canberra"" sailed to Southampton, Hampshire where she was quickly refitted, sailing on 9 April for the South Atlantic. Nicknamed the Great White Whale, ""Canberra"" proved vital in transporting the Parachute Regiment and Royal Marines to the islands more than from the United Kingdom. ""Canberra"" was sent to the heart"
"the time of the first Gulf War the ship had become known, more appropriately to its future operational roles, by its new nickname ""The Great White Ghost of the Arabian Coast"". Many will remember the network news coverage showing the many Iraqi prisoners being held at gun point in the La Salle's well deck during the first Gulf War. It should also be noted that many of those who sailed aboard her during this later time referred to her as the ""Great White Target"" due to the lack of effective offensive armament, a paltry 8-3"" guns, at a time when"
"to turn it into a memorial museum). During this regime, the Navy was also the main supporter of a military solution for the country's two longest-standing disputes: the Beagle Conflict with Chile and the Falkland Islands () with the United Kingdom. During the 1982 Falklands conflict (termed by the Argentines ""Guerra de las Malvinas / Guerra del Atlántico Sur"") the Main Argentine Naval Fleet consisted of modernised World War II era ships (one GUPPY-type submarine, one British-built carrier, a cruiser, and four destroyers), and newer vessels: two Type 42 destroyers, 3 French-built corvettes and one German-built Type 209 submarine. This"
"of the Argentines towards the Falkland Islands () the ""Junta"" ordered an invasion and triggered the ten-week-long Falklands War (). The naval aviation, suffering an arms embargo since 1978 by US President Jimmy Carter for human rights abuses, was in the middle of the process of replacing their A-4Q Skyhawks with French-built Dassault-Breguet Super Étendards. Although only five aircraft were delivered by the time of the conflict, the service became famous worldwide when they used their AM39 Exocet anti-shipping missiles, also purchased from France, to sink the Royal Navy's and the support ship . The older A-4Qs also had a"
"HMS Brilliant (F90) HMS ""Brilliant"" was a Type 22 frigate of the Royal Navy. During the Falklands War, ""Brilliant"" took part in the only ship to ship engagement of the war, when she and HMS Yarmouth chased the Argentine coaster ""Monsunen"", in the Battle of Seal Cove. ""Brilliant"" was part of the Task Force that took part in the Falklands War, with Captain John Coward in command. During the war, her two helicopters were involved in unsuccessfully attacking the Argentine submarine ""Santa Fe"", and she was the first Royal Navy warship to fire the Sea Wolf missile in action when,"
"the Falkland Islands in December 1914. In early 1915, most of the ships were sent to the eastern Mediterranean Sea to take part in the Dardanelles Campaign against the Ottoman Empire. During these operations, ""Ocean"" and ""Goliath"" were sunk, in March and May 1915, respectively. ""Canopus"" and ""Albion"" were withdrawn from active service in 1916, thereafter being used as barracks ships. ""Glory"" served as the flagship of the British North Russia Squadron, while ""Vengeance"" took part in operations off German East Africa in 1916. After the war, all four survivors were quickly broken up in the early 1920s. Design work"
"VIII's warship), the ""Golden Hind"" (Sir Francis Drake's ship for the circumnavigation of the globe between 1577 and 1580), HMS ""Victory"" (Lord Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805), and HMS ""Beagle"" (ship used in Charles Darwin's five-year voyage). Other important British ships include HMS ""Endeavour"" (James Cook's ship in his first voyage of discovery), HMS ""Challenger"" (first global marine research expedition: the ""Challenger"" expedition), and ""Discovery"" (carried Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton in the Discovery Expedition, their first successful journey to the Antarctic). The Royal Navy troopship is known for the first appearance of the ""women"
"the Standby Squadron. Blake inactive at HMNB Chatham. When the Falklands War broke out in early April 1982, both ships were rapidly surveyed and it was determined both were in very good material shape, and both were immediately drydocked (""Tiger"" in Portsmouth and ""Blake"" at Chatham) and recommissioning work was begun. Whilst there was speculation that their 6-inch guns would be useful for shore bombardment, the real reason for their potential deployment was the size of their flight decks (the third largest in the Royal Navy at that time after the aircraft carriers and ), and the potential to use"
"Battle of the Falkland Islands The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a naval action between the British Royal Navy and Imperial German Navy on 8 December 1914, during the First World War in the South Atlantic. The British, after the defeat at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November, sent a large force to track down and destroy the victorious German cruiser squadron. The battle is commemorated every year on 8 December in the Falkland Islands as a public holiday. Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee—commanding the German squadron of two armoured cruisers, and , the light cruisers , and"
"Crispin Black. A replacement ship entered service in 1988, carrying the same name and pennant number. RFA Sir Galahad (1966) RFA ""Sir Galahad"" (L3005) was a Round Table class landing ship logistics (LSL) vessel belonging to the Royal Fleet Auxiliary of the United Kingdom. The ship saw service in the Falklands War of 1982, where she was bombed and set afire at Fitzroy on 8 June in the worst British setback of the war. She was first managed for the British Army by the British-India Steam Navigation Company, before being transferred in 1970 to the RFA, and was manned by"
"similar response to its unrestricted submarine warfare. The Battle of Jutland (German: ""Skagerrakschlacht"", or ""Battle of the Skagerrak"") in May/June 1916 developed into the largest naval battle of the war. It was the only full-scale clash of battleships during the war, and one of the largest in history. The Kaiserliche Marine's High Seas Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, fought the Royal Navy's Grand Fleet, led by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe. The engagement was a stand off, as the Germans were outmanoeuvred by the larger British fleet, but managed to escape and inflicted more damage to the British fleet"
"was marked on 6 December 1979 when she ceremonially fired her 6-inch guns for the last time in the English Channel. Just a few days after the Falklands War started, both ""Blake"" and ""Tiger"" were rapidly surveyed to determine their condition for reactivation. The survey determined both ships to be in very good condition; they were put into dry-dock (""Blake"" at Chatham, and ""Tiger"" at Portsmouth) and round-the-clock work reactivation work was immediately begun. By mid-May it was determined that the ships would not be completed in time to take part in the war and the work was stopped. Ships"
"the two world wars as a military base aiding control of the South Atlantic. In the First World War Battle of the Falkland Islands in December 1914, a Royal Navy fleet defeated an Imperial German squadron. In the Second World War, following the December 1939 Battle of the River Plate, the battle-damaged HMS ""Exeter"" steamed to the Falklands for repairs. In 1942, a battalion en route to India was redeployed to the Falklands as a garrison amid fears of a Japanese seizure of the archipelago. After the war ended, the Falklands economy was affected by declining wool prices and the"
"Battle of Jutland The Battle of Jutland (, the Battle of Skagerrak) was a naval battle fought between Britain's Royal Navy Grand Fleet, under Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and the Imperial German Navy's High Seas Fleet, under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, during the First World War. The battle unfolded in extensive manoeuvring and three main engagements (the battlecruiser action, the fleet action and the night action), from 31 May to 1 June 1916, off the North Sea coast of Denmark's Jutland Peninsula. It was the largest naval battle and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war. Jutland was the"
"the disposal list and broken up at Faslane in 1965. HMS Jutland (D62) HMS ""Jutland"" (D62) was a later or 1943 fleet destroyer of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. She was named after the Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the First World War. The first ""Jutland"" was launched in 1945, but was cancelled that same year. Her sister ship, ""Malplaquet"" - named after a battle between Britain and France during the War of the Spanish Succession in 1709 - was renamed ""Jutland"" just prior to her launch on 20 February 1946, and was commissioned on 30 July"
"Falkland Islands. The captain, eight officers and 79 members of the crew were given the Freedom of the City of Exeter on 29 February 1940, and were welcomed by a crowd of 50,000 cheering residents. The crew marched through the streets with fixed bayonets, carrying HMS ""Exeter's"" shell-torn White Ensign through the streets. Bell also commanded in 1945. He retired from the Navy owing to ill health on 8 January 1948. In the 1956 film ""The Battle of the River Plate"", Bell was played by John Gregson. During the film, Bell's nickname of 'Hookie', because of his distinctive nose, is"
"initially named ""Sir George Prevost"" after the British governor general, in response to the American , which had been named after the president of the United States. Prevost objected to the name and the vessel was re-christened with the name ""Wolfe"", after the British general who died at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. A sister ship, named , was constructed at York, Upper Canada. ""Wolfe"" measured 426 tons burthen, with a gun deck that measured and was long at the keel. The vessel had a beam of , a draught of and a depth of hold of ."
"of ""Triumph"", the Royal Navy's largest ship, leading a consort of the ships ""Merchant Royal"", ""Margaret and John"", ""Centurion"", ""Golden Lion"" and ""Mary Rose"". Following a council of war, Lord Howard, the Lord High Admiral of the Fleet, reorganised the English fleet into four squadrons. Frobisher was made commander of one of these and assigned ""Triumph"", as well as Lord Sheffield's ""White Bear"", Lord Thomas Howard's ""Golden Lion"", and Sir Robert Southwell's ""Elizabeth Jonas"", all heavily armed vessels. On the morning of 21 July, Frobisher in ""Triumph"", Drake in ""Revenge"", and Hawkins in ""Victory"" attacked the seaward wing of the"
"Medal (1-Cuba). On 19 February 1982, six weeks before the beginning of the Falklands War, an incident occurred that could have sparked a full-fledged war between Chile and Argentina during the Papal mediation in the Beagle conflict. ARA ""Gurruchaga"" was anchored at Deceit Island inside the Beagle zone under mediation in Vatican, ostensibly providing support for sports boats participating in the Rio de Janeiro-Sydney boat race. The ""Quidora"" torpedo Boat approached and ordered the Argentine ship to leave the area. She fired several warning shots when the Argentine craft refused to move, as other Chilean ships converged to the scene."
"by the assault ship . The landing craft, Foxtrot 7, is now located in the Royal Marines Museum in Portsmouth, with detailed accounts from Corporal Alan White of the missions he took part in, including the landings at San Carlos. Explosions continued throughout the night. The following day ""Antelope"" was still afloat, but her keel had broken and her superstructure melted into a heap of twisted metal. ""Antelope"" broke in half and sank that day. TV and still pictures of ""Antelope""s demise became one of the iconic images of the Falklands War and appear repeatedly in histories of the event."
"waters. During the extended operations of the Konfrontasi in the 1960s, the RFA was also heavily involved. As the network of British bases overseas shrank during the end of the Empire, the Navy increasingly relied on the RFA to supply its ships during routine deployments. The RFA played an important role in the largest naval war since 1945, the Falklands War in 1982 (where one vessel was lost and another badly damaged), and also the Gulf War, Kosovo War, Afghanistan Campaign and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In July 2008, the RFA was presented with a Queen's Colour, an honour"
"HMNZS Waikato (F55) HMNZS ""Waikato"" (F55) was a ""Leander"" Batch 2TA frigate of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN). She was one of two ""Leander""s built for the RNZN, the other being the Batch 3 . These two New Zealand ships relieved British ships of the Armilla patrol during the Falklands conflict, freeing British ships for deployment. ""Waikato"" was ordered in 1963 for the RNZN after a delay of more than six years after the order for the Type 12 frigates ""Otago"" and ""Taranaki"", which had proved successful in New Zealand service. There was a pressing need to replace the"
"much of the early part of the battle, the other major American vessels were outranged, and only ""Caledonia""s long guns could engage the British flagship and the other British vessels at the center of the battle. Following the American victory, ""Caledonia"" transported American troops to Detroit and Amherstburg, which had been abandoned by the British Army. In 1814, ""Caledonia"" was part of the expedition to Lake Huron, which attempted to recover Mackinac Island. The brig was sold at Presque Isle in May, 1815. Refitted as a commercial ship, she was named ""General Wayne"", and reportedly sank in the 1830s in"
"the Second World War, the Royal Navy deployed an armed merchant vessel to patrol South Georgian and Antarctic waters against German raiders, along with two four-inch shore guns (still present) protecting Cumberland Bay and Stromness Bay, which were manned by volunteers from among the Norwegian whalers. The base at King Edward Point was expanded as a research facility in 1949/1950 by the British Antarctic Survey, which until 1962 was called the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. The Falklands War was precipitated on 19 March 1982 when a group of Argentinians (most of them Argentine Marines in ""mufti""), posing as scrap-metal merchants,"
"funds to build American naval power. Beginning in the 1880s with just 90 small ships, over one-third of them wooden and therefore obsolete, the navy quickly grew to include new modern steel fighting vessels. The hulls of these ships were painted a stark white, giving the armada the nickname ""Great White Fleet"". In the twilight of his administration, United States President Theodore Roosevelt dispatched 16 U.S. Navy battleships of the Atlantic Fleet on a worldwide voyage of circumnavigation from 16 December 1907 to 22 February 1909. The hulls were painted white, the Navy's peacetime color scheme, decorated with gilded scrollwork"