"Fragaria cascadensis Fragaria cascadensis, is a species of strawberry (""Fragaria""), found in the Cascades Mountains described in 2012. The vernacular name ""Cascade strawberry"" was suggested by the describing author. It is a perennial, with the typical white flowers of its genus. It differs from other strawberry species by having hairs on the upper side of its leaves, as opposed to the underside or not present at all and a different middle leaflet. It begins growing after snow melt ( May or early June in that region), flowers are born around early July and fruit ripens during August for about 2"
"Amédée-François Frézier Amédée-François Frézier (1682 – October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of ""Fragaria chiloensis"", the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old. As described by G.M. Darrow, Frézier's ancient surname was derived from ""fraise"", the French word for strawberry. A story relates the surname is derived from the fact that Julius de Berry, a citizen of Anvers (i.e. Antwerp), was knighted by Charles the Simple in 916 for a timely gift of ripe strawberries."
"of Brittany. In 1764, he retired from service, but still maintained an interest in various subjects, including desalinization, architecture, navigation, and landing methods for the ""Isles Lucayes"" (the Bahamas). It is said he made himself read at least six hours a day, especially books on travel and history. He died in Brest. Amédée-François Frézier Amédée-François Frézier (1682 – October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of ""Fragaria chiloensis"", the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old."
"Harrisia fragrans Harrisia fragrans (syn. ""Cereus eriophorus"" var. ""fragrans"") is a rare species of cactus known by the common names fragrant prickly apple and Caribbean applecactus. It is endemic to Florida, where it is known mainly from St. Lucie County. The plant's habitat has been almost completely consumed by development, leading to its rarity. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. This is an erect or spreading cactus with narrow, long stems which can well exceed one meter in length, at times approaching five meters. It is covered in long, yellow or yellow-tipped spines which may"
"Florentine citron The Florentine citron – citron hybrid of Florence () – is a very fragrant citrus fruit, which is named after its most known origin of cultivation. Its scientific name is ""Citrus ×limonimedica"" 'Florentina' Lush. The source of this variety or hybrid is from the Italian Renaissance gardens. Today it is considered to be a lemon × citron hybrid. It's well known to be one parent of the Bizzaria chimaera. It was first carefully described by Johann Christoph Volkamer in his "" Nürnbergische Hesperides"", who gave a detailed account for original citrus types, mutations and hybrids, along with professional"
"Phytophthora fragariae Phytophthora fragariae is a fungus-like (oomycete) plant pathogen that causes red stele, otherwise known as Lanarkshire disease, in strawberries and raspberries. Symptoms of red stele can include a red core in the roots, wilting of leaves, reduced flowering, stunting, and bitter fruit. The pathogen is spread via zoospores swimming through water present in the soil, released from sporangia. Scientist thought at first that there are 2 varieties of ""Phytophthora fragariae"": ""P. fragariae"" var. ""fragariae"", which refers to the pathogen that attacks strawberries, and ""P. fragariae"" var. ""rubi"", which refers to the variety that is the raspberry pathogen. Recently,"
"Bergamot orange Citrus bergamia, the bergamot orange (pronounced ), is a fragrant citrus fruit the size of an orange, with a yellow or green color similar to a lime, depending on ripeness. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange. Extracts have been used to scent food, perfumes, and cosmetics. Use on the skin can increase photosensitivity, resulting in greater damage from sun exposure. The word bergamot is etymologically derived from the Italian word """"bergamotto"""", ultimately of Turkish origin: ""bey armudu"" or ""bey armut"" (""prince's"
"Bizzaria The Bizzaria of Florence (""Citrus medica"" + ""C. aurantium""), which is probably the first graft chimera obtained, is a graft between the Florentine citron and sour orange. It produces branches of regular Florentine citron including such leaves, and from the other side branches of sour orange. The most interesting part of it is the middle shoot, which mixes characteristics of both. The fruit contains characteristics of both citron and orange. This is not like a regular somatic hybrid which is due to plant sexuality; its offspring is intermediate showing influences of both parents. But the Florentine Bizzaria, named after"
"as well) are identical. ""Fragaria virginiana"" is also called wild strawberry. It can grow up to 4 inches tall. Its leaf characteristic typically consists of several trifoliate leaves (or has three leaves, as clover) and their leaves are green. Each leaflet is about 3 inches long and 1.5 inches wide. The leaflet is oval shaped and has coarse teeth along the edge except near the bottom. This plant has a five-petaled white flower with numerous yellow-anthered centers. There are ten small green sepals under petals. The seeds of this plant are developed from a pistil in the centre of flower"
"pear"" or ""prince of pears""). ""Citrus bergamia"" is a small tree that blossoms during the winter. The juice tastes less sour than lemon, but more bitter than grapefruit. The active ingredients in bergamot juice are neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin, ponceritin, melitidin, and mitrocin and 0.69% miriflin with 0% moisture brutieridin. Melitidin and brutieridin, only recently discovered, exist only in citrus bergamot and exhibit statin-like properties. Synephrine is not present in citrus bergamot. The bergamot orange is unrelated to the herbs known as bergamot or wild bergamot, ""Monarda didyma"" and ""Monarda fistulosa"", which are in the mint family, and are named for"
"including clammy cherries, glue berries, sebesten, or snotty gobbles. In India, the fruits of local species are used as a vegetable, raw, cooked, or pickled, and are known by many names, including ""lasora"" in Hindi. One such species is fragrant manjack (""C. dichotoma""), which is called ""gunda"" or ""tenti dela"" in Hindi and ""lasura"" in Nepali. The fruit of the Fragrant Manjack is called ""phoà-pò·-chí"" (破布子), 樹子仔, or 樹子(Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiū-chí) in Taiwan where they are eaten pickled. The white, gooey inner pulp of the fruits is traditionally used to make glue. The wood of several ""Cordia"" species is commercially harvested."
"grown and where conditions are ideal. The countries it affects most are the U.S., China, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Switzerland, Norway, Finland, and the UK. Phytophthora fragariae Phytophthora fragariae is a fungus-like (oomycete) plant pathogen that causes red stele, otherwise known as Lanarkshire disease, in strawberries and raspberries. Symptoms of red stele can include a red core in the roots, wilting of leaves, reduced flowering, stunting, and bitter fruit. The pathogen is spread via zoospores swimming through water present in the soil, released from sporangia. Scientist thought at first that there are 2 varieties of ""Phytophthora fragariae"": ""P."
"Waldsteinia fragarioides Waldsteinia fragarioides (syn. ""Dalibarda fragarioides"" Michx. and ""Geum fragarioides, "" also called Appalachian barren strawberry, or just barren strawberry, is a low, spreading plant with showy yellow flowers that appear in early spring. This plant is often used as an underplanting in perennial gardens. In some ways the appearance is similar to other low plants of the rose family such as ""Fragaria"" (strawberries) or ""Potentilla indica"" (Indian strawberry), but it lacks runners and has more rounded leaves. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota, Ontario, Quebec, and Maine south to Indiana and Pennsylvania (and as far"
"Pelargonium × fragrans Pelargonium × fragrans (or 'Fragrans') is a pelargonium hybrid between ""Pelargonium odoratissimum"" and ""Pelargonium exstipulatum"". It is in the subgenus ""Reniforme"" along with ""Pelargonium sidoides"" and ""Pelargonium abrotanifolium"". ""Pelargonium"" comes from the Greek; Pelargos which means stork. Another name for pelargoniums is storksbills due the shape of their fruit. Fragrans refers to the fragrant leaves. ""Pelargonium × fragrans"", like its parent ""Pelargonium odoratissimum"", is a small, spreading species which only grows up to 30 cm high and 60 cm wide. It has small white flowers and its leaves are waxy, green and ovate with slightly fringed edges."
"Pitaya A pitaya () or pitahaya () is the fruit of several different cactus species indigenous to the Americas. Pitaya usually refers to fruit of the genus ""Stenocereus"", while pitahaya or dragon fruit refers to fruit of the genus ""Hylocereus"", both in the Cactaceae family. The dragon fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, Florida, the Caribbean, Australia, and throughout tropical and subtropical world regions. These fruits are commonly known in English as ""dragon fruit"", reflecting its vernacular Asian names. The names ""pitahaya"" and ""pitaya"" derive from Mexico, and ""pitaya roja"" in Central America and northern South America, possibly relating to"
"their similar aroma. ""Citrus bergamia"" has also been classified as ""Citrus aurantium"" subsp. ""bergamia"" (i.e. a subspecies of bitter orange). ""Citrus bergamia"" is sometimes confused with (but is not the same as): Production is mostly limited to the Ionian Sea coastal areas of the province of Reggio di Calabria in Italy, to such an extent that it is a symbol of the entire city. Most of the bergamot comes from a short stretch of land there, where the temperature is favourable. The fruit is also produced in Argentina, Brazil, Algeria, the Ivory Coast, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, and South-East Asia where"
"Plinia edulis Plinia edulis (formerly Marlierea edulis) is a tree that grows wild in Brazil in the coastal rainforest regions around the Brazilian cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The fruit's local name is cambucá while the tree is ""cambucazeiro"". The name is derived from an indigenous word for jar, ""cambuci"", due to the tree's fruit resembling a type of water container, which some would say is ""flying saucer""-shaped. The fruit's coloration is yellowy-green, size is 6 cm in diameter and taste is sweet-sour. Cambuca fruit taste resemble light combination of mango and papaya. A member of the"
"Frapelia Frapelia (from Greek φραπελιά) is a drink made with the leaves of olive trees (""elia""). It is very bitter, and is drunk with more sugar than the Greek cold coffee ""frappe"" whose frothy head it resembles (hence the name). It is a current trend originating from Anna Drouza's controversial talk show because of its allegedly supposed to treat cancer. No scientific research has ever proved that. The show caused a hype all over Greece, with producers packaging and selling olive leaves in the markets. Some doctors say that it may even be harmful due to the toxicity of the"
"as ""Burkholderia"", which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory. Some species are consumed locally and fruits may be used as famine food. Examples are African medlar (""Vangueria infausta"") and Spanish tamarind (""Vangueria madagascariensis""), but the fruits of other ""Vangueria"" and ""Fadogia"" species are edible too. In West Africa, ""Vangueria agrestis"" (known under its old name ""Fadogia agrestis"") is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac. It is known as ""bakin gagai"" (Hausa) or black aphrodisiac. The first genus of the tribe"
"together, from late spring to mid summer. The fruit is a globose to oblong red hip 1–2 cm diameter. The name ""eglantine"" is from Middle English ""eglentyn"", from Old French ""aiglantin"" (adj.), from ""aiglent"" 'sweetbrier', from Vulgar Latin *""aculentus"" (with the ending of ""spinulentus"" 'thorny, prickly'), from Latin ""aculeus"" 'prickle', from ""acus"" 'needle'. ""Sweet"" refers to the sweet, apple fragrance of the leaves, while ""briar"" ~ ""brier"" refers to it being a thorny bush. In addition to its pink flowers, it is valued for its scent, and the hips that form after the flowers and persist well into the winter."
"Fritillaria liliacea Fritillaria liliacea, commonly known as fragrant fritillary, is a threatened perennial herb in the lily family. It is native to the region surrounding San Francisco Bay in California. The bell-shaped white flowers have greenish stripes and are set on a nodding pedicel of about 37 centimeters in height. The blossoms are odorless to faintly fragrant. ""Fritillia liliacea"" prefers heavy soils including clays; for example, andesitic and basaltic soils derived from the Sonoma Volcanic soil layers are suitable substrate for this species. The range of this wildflower is over parts of southwestern Northern California, United States, especially Solano and"
"then later ""Capiton"". In the early 17th century an illustration appeared in the Hortus Eystettensis as ""fraga fructu magno"". It was mentioned by Quintinye, gardener to Louis XIV, as ""Capron"" in 1672. At the beginning of the 19th century musk strawberries were the most common garden strawberry in Germany. Cultivation of musk strawberries is not very different from that of garden strawberry (""Fragaria"" × ""ananassa"") or alpine strawberry (""Fragaria vesca""); the plants thrive in nutrient-rich soils. However, neither female plants nor hermaphrodite plants are self-fertile; they require pollen transfer from a male or a different hermaphrodite clone (or cultivar) of"
"variety would be named. The trees grow upright, but often have branches bent or broken by heavy fruiting at the ends. It is widely grown in Florida, where it matures in January to March. Citrus scab and alternaria fungus disease attack Murcotts. The Murcott is one parent of the Clementine-like hybrid variously called the Afourer, Nadorcott or W. Murcott cultivar, the other parent being unknown. Murcott (fruit) The Murcott (marketed as: Honey Tangerine) is a tangor, or mandarin–sweet orange hybrid. The Murcott arose out of citrus pioneer Walter Tennyson Swingle's attempts to produce novel citrus hybrids. Its seed parent has"
"distributed in Europe and the United States between November and April, and is on occasion available from July to September. Ugli fruit The ugli or ugli fruit is a Jamaican form of tangelo, a citrus fruit created by hybridizing a grapefruit (or pomelo), an orange and a tangerine. Its species is ""Citrus reticulata"" × ""Citrus paradisi"". Ugli was discovered growing wild (possibly having developed in the same way grapefruit was created) in Jamaica, where it is mainly grown today. The name is a variation of the word ""ugly"", which refers to the fruit's unsightly appearance, with rough, wrinkled, greenish-yellow rind,"
"""framboise"" 'raspberry', from OF ""frambeise"", from OLF ""*brāmbesi"" 'blackberry' (cf. Dutch ""braambes"", ""braambezie""; akin to German ""Brombeere"", English dial. ""bramberry"") blended with LL ""fraga"" or OF ""fraie"" 'strawberry', which explains the replacement > and in turn the final ""-se"" of ""framboise"" added to OF ""fraie"" to make ""freise"", modern ""fraise"" (≠ Wallon ""frève"", Romanian ""fragă"", Romansh ""fraja"", Italian ""fragola"", ""fravola"" 'strawberry'). Pope (1934) estimated that perhaps still 15% of the vocabulary of modern French derives from Germanic sources (while the proportion was larger in Old French, because the French language borrowed heavily from Latin and Italian). At the third Council"
"Grapefruit The grapefruit (""Citrus"" × ""paradisi"") is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit. Grapefruit is a hybrid originating in Barbados as an accidental cross between two introduced species, sweet orange (""C. sinensis"") and pomelo, or shaddock (""C. maxima""), both of which were introduced from Asia in the seventeenth century. When found, it was named the ""forbidden fruit""; and frequently, it has been misidentified with the pomelo. The grapefruit's name alludes to clusters of the fruit on the tree, which often appear similar to that of grapes. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to"
"""Medicago sativa"" (alfalfa), ""Arachis hypogaea"" (peanut), ""Ceratonia siliqua"" (carob), and ""Glycyrrhiza glabra"" (liquorice). A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world, including: ""Cytisus scoparius"" (broom), ""Robinia pseudoacacia"" (black locust)"", Ulex europaeus"" (gorse), ""Pueraria lobata"" (kudzu), and a number of ""Lupinus"" species. The name 'Fabaceae' comes from the defunct genus ""Faba"", now included in ""Vicia"". The term ""faba"" comes from Latin, and appears to simply mean ""bean"". Leguminosae is an older name still considered valid, and refers to the fruit of these plants, which are called legumes. Fabaceae range in habit from giant trees (like"
"edible, the rest of the plant is poisonous. The immature fruit can be eaten raw, cooked, or pickled. Its fruit tastes like a sweet pea and they were eaten by the original inhabitants of the prairie, though the raw fruit has been described as ""hardly appetizing"". The cooked fruits taste like string beans. Similar looking species are completely poisonous. The Afranius duskywing butterfly (""Erynnis afranius"") uses the plant as a host for its larvae. Astragalus crassicarpus Astragalus crassicarpus, known as ground plum or buffalo plum, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, native to North America."
"produced in small clusters in early spring; like all ashes, is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate trees. The fruit is a samara 1.5–3 cm long, with an apical wing. It is long-lived and drought tolerant. ""Fraxinus albicans"" is closely related to ""Fraxinus americana"" (white ash), and is sometimes treated as a variety of it. Where they co-occur, ""Fraxinus albicans"" is found in dry habitats while ""Fraxinus americana"" is found in mesic bottoms. ""Fraxinus albicans"" can be morphologically distinguished by its smaller leaves, smaller and more rounded leaflets, and smaller samaras. Fraxinus albicans Fraxinus albicans, commonly called the"
"to change color. The flowers are produced in early spring, before the new leaves, in compact panicles; they are inconspicuous with no petals, and are wind-pollinated. The fruit is a samara comprising a single seed 1–2 cm long with an elongated apical wing 2.5–4 cm long and 5–7 mm broad. It is closely related to ""Fraxinus nigra"" (Black Ash) from eastern North America, and has been treated as a subspecies or variety of it by some authors, as ""F. nigra"" subsp. ""mandschurica"" (Rupr.) S.S.Sun, or ""F. nigra"" var. ""mandschurica"" (Rupr.) Lingelsheim. The spelling of the species name is disputed; some"
"Tangerine The tangerine (""Citrus tangerina"") is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""). The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier, Morocco, described as a mandarin variety. Under the Tanaka classification system, ""Citrus tangerina"" is considered a separate species. Under the Swingle system, tangerines are considered to be a group of mandarin (""C. reticulata"") varieties. Genetic study has shown tangerines to be mandarin orange hybrids containing some pomelo DNA. Some differ only in disease resistance. The term is currently applied to any reddish-orange mandarin (and, in some jurisdictions, mandarin-like hybrids, including"
"Xanthomonas fragariae Xanthomonas fragariae is a species of proteobacteria. It is a Leaf spot disease found in strawberries (""Fragaria spp.""). Infection caused by the angular leaf spot pathogen first appears as water-soaked lesions found on the lower surface of strawberry leaves. These water-soaked lesions are the result of bacterial colonization within the plant leaf tissue. Lesions typically get larger as the infection worsens, and the enlarged lesions then form translucent spots. These angular spots typically exude an ooze of bacteria that appears as a white and flakey film once dry. Lesions on the upper surface of leaves will also become"
"Trifolium fragiferum Trifolium fragiferum, the strawberry clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the bean family Fabaceae. It is native to Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It is present in other places, such as sections of North America, as an introduced species. It is also cultivated as a cover crop and for hay and silage, as green manure, and as a bee plant. This is a perennial herb that spreads via stolons to form mats or clumps of herbage. The leaves are compound, each with three serrated oval leaflets up to 2 to 2.5 centimeters long. The inflorescence"