"on the transatlantic crossing from Europe to the New World, and were raised by early colonists. Ironically, it is likely that the turkey consumed at the first Thanksgiving meal may have actually been from European birds, rather than wild turkeys native to the continent, though these descended from same bird. Later, Blacks were crossed with the wild turkey to help produce breeds such as the Bronze, Narragansett, and Slate. They remained a commercially farmed variety in the U.S. until the early 20th century, but fell out of favor after the development of the Broad Breasted Bronze and Broad Breasted White."
"Beltsville Small White The Beltsville Small White is a breed of domestic turkey. The bird was named after its physical characteristics — a relatively small size and entirely white plumage — as well as its place of origin: the USDA's Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Maryland. The Beltsville Small White was developed beginning in 1934 in response to market research that said consumers wanted a turkey of small to medium size with no dark pinfeathers. In a breeding program at the Beltsville Center that lasted from 1934 to 1941, the USDA used White Holland, White Austrian, Narragansett, Bronze, and wild"
"Norfolk thrush The Norfolk thrush (""Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus""), also known as the grey-headed blackbird or guava bird, was a bird in the thrush family endemic to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Sea. It is the extinct nominate subspecies of the island thrush (""Turdus poliocephalus""). The Norfolk thrush was mainly dark brown in colour, with a pale grey-brown head and upper breast. It was about 21 cm in length, with a wingspan of 34 cm and a weight of 55 g. It had a yellow bill, orbital ring and legs. Males and females were similar in size and"
"between woodswallows and the butcherbirds in 1985, and combined them into a Cracticini clade, which became the family Artamidae. Like other butcherbirds, the black-backed butcherbird is a stockily built bird with a relatively large head and short wings and legs. It is around 25 cm (10 in) long. Australian birds are smaller than those from New Guinea. Its plumage is predominantly black and white. It has a black head and lores, lower back and wings, with white nape, throat and underparts. The wings feathers are edged with white. The rump and base of tail are grey. The eyes are a"
"blackish wings with a greenish-blue gloss, all white vent, and dark tail with white corners above and a white terminal band on the undertail. In flight, broad wings, white vent and short tail are noticeable; the flight undulating. The black bill is slender and rather long, sharply pointed, and varies in size amongst races. The iris, legs and feet are black. Nutcrackers range from 32–38 cm in length (from tip of beak to tip of tail) and have a wingspan ranging from 49–53 cm. The voice is similar to that of the Eurasian jay and is loud and harsh. It"
"blackbirds, as well as by interbreeding with the latter species producing sterile offspring. Norfolk thrush The Norfolk thrush (""Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus""), also known as the grey-headed blackbird or guava bird, was a bird in the thrush family endemic to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory in the Tasman Sea. It is the extinct nominate subspecies of the island thrush (""Turdus poliocephalus""). The Norfolk thrush was mainly dark brown in colour, with a pale grey-brown head and upper breast. It was about 21 cm in length, with a wingspan of 34 cm and a weight of 55 g. It had a yellow"
"for ""small"". There are seven subspecies: The black noddy has a length of , a wingspan of and a weight of . It has dark plumage and a pale crown. There is a small white crescent under each eye and a white spot above. It has long tapering wings and a truncated tail. The sharply-pointed bill is black as are the feet, which are fully webbed. These birds may have become known as ""noddies"" because of the behaviour of both sexes as they constantly dip their heads during their breeding display. They are very tolerant of humans even to the"
"protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, to which the three countries in which it occurs (Canada, Mexico, and the United States) are all signatories. White-breasted nuthatch The white-breasted nuthatch (""Sitta carolinensis"") is a small songbird of the nuthatch family which breeds in old-growth woodland across much of temperate North America. It is a stocky bird, with a large head, short tail, powerful bill, and strong feet. The upperparts are pale blue-gray, and the face and underparts are white. It has a black cap and a chestnut lower belly. The nine subspecies differ mainly in the color of"
"size to the extant black butcherbird. Cracticinae The Cracticinae, bellmagpies and allies, gathers together 12 species of mostly crow-like birds native to Australasia and nearby areas. Historically, the cracticines – currawongs, Australian magpie and butcherbirds – were seen as a separate family Cracticidae and, according to the 2018 Cements List, they still are. With their 1985 DNA study, Sibley and Ahlquist recognised the close relationship between the woodswallows and the butcherbirds in 1985, and placed them in a Cracticini clade, now the family Artamidae. The two species of peltops were once placed with the monarch flycatchers but are now placed"
"rapidly accruing muscle mass, resulting in severe immune system, cardiac, respiratory and leg problems. For over 35 years, the overwhelming majority of the 280 million turkeys produced in North America each year have been the product of a few genetic strains of Broad Breasted White. The breeding stock for these birds are owned largely by three multinational corporations: Hybrid Turkeys of Ontario, Canada, British United Turkeys of America in Lewisburg, West Virginia, and Nicholas Turkey Breeding Farms in Sonoma, California. Along with the adoption of the Broad Breasted White by industrial producers, other turkey varieties faded in numbers. Other than"
"Bradfield's hornbill The Bradfield's hornbill (""Lophoceros bradfieldi"") is an African hornbill. It is a medium-sized bird, in length, characterized by black back and wings and a white belly. The tip feathers of the long tail are white. Females are smaller than males and can be recognized by turquoise facial skin. The eyes are yellow and the beak is red. The beak is long and presents no casque. This is an uncommon resident of the mopane woodlands and mixed thorn fields of northeastern Namibia (especially on the Waterberg plateau), northern Botswana, southern Angola and eastern Zimbabwe. They feed on fruits, large"
"to early Pliocene, while the two species themselves diverged sometime during the Pliocene (5.8–3.0 million years ago). The adult is black all over except for its beak which is black-tipped grey. The juvenile is rufous-brown. As the only butcherbirds with wholly black bodies, they are sometimes confused with crows or currawongs, from which they are distinguished by their gray and hooked bills. In Papua New Guinea, Black butcherbirds have been observed parasitizing the nests of Hooded monarch birds. In 1903, ornithologist E. M. Cornwall observed brown and black varieties of the bird, the black preferring deeper forest and the brown"
"Island, with neighbouring Nepean Island, has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it supports the entire populations of white-chested and slender-billed white-eyes, Norfolk parakeets and Norfolk gerygones, as well as over 1% of the world populations of wedge-tailed shearwaters and red-tailed tropicbirds. Nearby Phillip Island is treated as a separate IBA. Norfolk Island also has a botanical garden, which is home to a sizeable variety of plant species. However, the island has only one native mammal, Gould's wattled bat (""Chalinolobus gouldii""). It is very rare, and may already be extinct on the island. The Norfolk"
"Butcherbird Butcherbirds are magpie-like birds, most found in the genus ""Cracticus,"" but the black butcherbird is placed in the monotypic genus ""Melloria"". They are native to Australasia. Together with three species of currawong and two species of peltops, butcherbirds and the Australian magpie form the subfamily Cracticinae in the family Artamidae. Butcherbirds are large songbirds, being between in length. Their colour ranges from black-and-white to mostly black with added grey plumage, depending on the species. They have a large, straight bill with a distinctive hook at the end which is used to skewer prey. They have high-pitched complex songs, which"
"American turkeys which were kept in the woods around Wolterton and in all probability were the embryo flock for the popular Norfolk turkey breeds of today. Turkey (bird) The turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris, which is native to the Americas. Males of both turkey species have a distinctive fleshy wattle or protuberance that hangs from the top of the beak (called a snood). They are among the largest birds in their ranges. As in many galliformes, the male is larger and much more colorful than the female. Turkeys are classed in the family of Phasianidae (pheasants,"
"levels, attracting breeding and wintering birds. Water management can also be used to ensure a high water table in summer, benefiting breeding waders, and drier conditions in winter, preferred by the geese. The management of water levels and grassland increased the numbers of breeding wetland birds from 120 pairs of ten species in 1986 to 795 pairs of 26 species in 1994, and the number of wintering birds of four key wildfowl species rose from 1,215 to 17,305 in the decade from 1983/84. Norfolk has a long history of human occupation. Both modern and Neanderthal people were present in the"
"songs. Taylor's 'Is Birdsong Music? Outback Encounters with an Australian Songbird' offers portraits of the remote locations where the species is found. Pied butcherbird The pied butcherbird (""Cracticus nigrogularis"") is a songbird native to Australia. Described by John Gould in 1837, it is a black and white bird long with a long hooked bill. The head and throat are black, making a distinctive hood, while the mantle, as are much of the tail and wings. The neck, underparts and outer wing feathers are white. The juvenile and immature birds are predominantly brown and white. As they mature their brown feathers"
"early on and they were placed in the family Cracticidae in 1914 by ornithologist John Albert Leach after he had studied their musculature. Ornithologists Charles Sibley and Jon Ahlquist recognised the close relationship between the woodswallows and the butcherbirds and relatives in 1985, and combined them into a Cracticini clade, which later became the family Artamidae. Six subspecies are spread around Australia. They vary extensively in the colour of their plumage, from grey to sooty black, and the amount of white on their wings, and most were at one time considered separate species: A larger and more slender bird than"
"pike, which eat planktivorous fish, continuing to control their numbers. These effects tend to create a stable ecosystem where low growing underwater plants dominate. The Broads are Britain's largest protected wetland and are home to a wealth of birdlife. Amongst the species seen are mallard, coot, moorhen, great crested grebe, greylag goose, Canada goose, Egyptian goose, grey heron, marsh harrier, cormorant, kestrel, sparrowhawk and bittern. The scarce Cetti's warbler breeds in the broads and breeding common cranes are found in the area. Among the rare insects are the Norfolk hawker, a species of dragonfly, and the Old World swallowtail butterfly"
"makes it a prime site for migratory birds in autumn. It consequently is home to two adjoining nature reserves, one owned by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust and the other by the Norfolk Ornithological Association. A pair of black-winged stilts bred at the Wildlife Trust's Holme Dunes in 1987, is raising three young. The eastern end of Hunstanton golf links reach to Holme, and public rights of way mean that birders and golfers have learned to co-exist. It is the meeting point of the Peddars Way and Norfolk Coast Path which together form a National Trail. It is the nearest village"
"to which Brooke replied, ""We shall all have to fight"". The marshes around Cley are internationally important for their populations of rare breeding and visiting birds. Cley Marshes bird reserve has been in the care of the Norfolk Wildlife Trust since 1926, making it the oldest county Wildlife Trust reserve in Britain. Among resident breeding birds are avocet, bearded tit, bittern, marsh harrier and spoonbill. Winter visitors include brent geese, wigeon, pintail and many species of wading birds. Cley, like neighbouring Salthouse is ideally situated at the apex of the North Norfolk coast as a staging ground for passage migrants,"
"Neotropical bellbird Neotropical bellbird (or simply bellbird) is the common name given to passerine birds of the genus ""Procnias"", found in the Neotropics. They are members of the cotinga family. In some parts of their range, they are sometimes referred to as ""araponga"". They are all restricted to tropical or subtropical humid forested regions, often in low mountains or foothills. As indicated by their common name, they all have ""very"" loud voices. Three of the four species are restricted to South America, while the last, the three-wattled bellbird, is restricted to southern Central America. They are strongly sexually dimorphic. Males"
"designated 11 SSSIs which have been chosen as representative of the principal Breckland habitats. The forest is largely surrounded by farmland, as well as the villages of West Stow, Ingham, Elveden, and the towns of Mundford and Thetford in Norfolk, and Brandon in Suffolk, however it has a high level of biodiversity. It is home to a large population of hares, rabbits and gamebirds. Several species of deer also reside there, muntjac, roe deer and a small population of red deer, the last hunted by the Norwich Staghounds before deer hunting was outlawed. The forest is well known for its"
"body is different shades of grey-brown all over, the flanks and belly are significantly paler than the back and present a marked contrast. The head and neck are black, with a small white patch on either side of the neck. It breeds in Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Greenland and northeastern Canada, wintering in Denmark, northeast England, Ireland and the Atlantic coast of the U.S. from Maine to Georgia. The black brant appears blackish-brown and white in colour. This form is a very contrastingly black and white bird, with a uniformly dark sooty-brown back, similarly-coloured underparts (with the dark colour extending"
"loud, distinctive, bell-like call, and as these birds are secretive and shy, they are more often heard than seen. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed their conservation status as ""vulnerable"". One of four species of bellbird that live in Central and South America, the three-wattled bellbird is between and long. The body, tail, and wings of the male are uniformly chestnut-brown; its head, neck, and upper breast are white; and it has a black eye-ring, eye-stripe, and bill. Its name comes from the three worm-like wattles of skin that hang from the base of the bill. These"
"have an at least partially white plumage, and facial wattles or bare facial skin. Females lack the wattles/bare facial skin, and are overall olive with yellowish streaks below. Genus ""Procnias"" Neotropical bellbird Neotropical bellbird (or simply bellbird) is the common name given to passerine birds of the genus ""Procnias"", found in the Neotropics. They are members of the cotinga family. In some parts of their range, they are sometimes referred to as ""araponga"". They are all restricted to tropical or subtropical humid forested regions, often in low mountains or foothills. As indicated by their common name, they all have ""very"""
"ovenbird, (""Seiurus aurocapillus"") and hermit thrush (""Catharus guttatus""). The ruffed grouse (""Bonasa umbellus""), Canada warbler (""Wilsonia canadensis""), ruby-crowned kinglet (""Regulus calendula"") and white-breasted nuthatch (""Sitta carolinensis""), American white pelican (""Pelecanus erythrorhynchos"") are common sightings in the Mid-Boreal Lowland ecoregion. Diverse bird species populate the Boreal Transition ecoregion such as black and white warbler (""Mniotilta varia""), boreal chickadee (""Poecile hudsonicus""), great-crested fly-catcher (""Myiarchus crinitus"") and neotropical migrant bird species. The predominant avifauna of the Aspen Parkland are house wren (""Troglodytes aedon""), least flycatcher ("" Empidonax minimus""), yellow warbler (""Dendroica petechia"") and western kingbird (""Tyrannus verticalis""). Sharp-tailed grouse (""Tympahuchus phasianellus""), ruffed grouse"
"and the underparts are white. The wings remain black with the large white patch on the inner wing. They are in length, and with a wingspan. Their breeding habitat is rocky shores, cliffs and islands on northern Atlantic coasts in eastern North America as far south as Maine, and in western Europe as far south as Ireland. They are one of the few birds to breed on Surtsey, Iceland, a new volcanic island. In the UK it is a fairly common breeding bird in western and northern Scotland and Ireland. In the rest of Great Britain they only breed at"
"black plumage, blue facial skin and a casque on top of the head. It has a bright red or yellow colored neck and wattle. The feet are huge and strong with long, dagger-like claw on its inner toe. The sexes are similar. The male, at , is smaller than the female, at an average of , making it roughly tied as the third-heaviest living bird species after the common ostrich, Somali ostrich and alongside the similarly-sized southern cassowary. These birds measure long and stand in height. Compared to the southern cassowary, the northern cassowary has a slightly shorter bill, at"
"is black and the rump is white. They show black wing linings in flight. The legs and feet are bluish-grey. Their breeding habitat is the far north near the tree line in northwestern Canada and Alaska, also on the shores of Hudson Bay. They nest on the ground, in a well-concealed location in a marshy area. The female usually lays 4 olive-buff eggs marked with darker splotches. Incubation period is 22 days. Both parents look after the young birds, who find their own food and are able to fly within a month of hatching. They migrate to South America. These"
"Natterjack toads breed in shallow pools within the site. The site, along with the adjoining Horsey Dunes, hosts the largest colonies of dark green fritillary and grayling butterflies in Norfolk. Other butterflies recorded from here in numbers include small copper and common blue. The ponds among the dunes are home to many dragonflies including the common hawker - which is rare in Norfolk. Winterton Dunes is also known as the first site in Britain where the southern emerald damselfly occurred (Nobes 2003). After a count in 2014 by the RSPB they found that the dunes are the home to more"
"Baltimore oriole The Baltimore oriole (""Icterus galbula"") is a small icterid blackbird common in eastern North America as a migratory breeding bird. It received its name from the resemblance of the male's colors to those on the coat-of-arms of Lord Baltimore. Observations of interbreeding between the Baltimore oriole and the western Bullock's oriole, ""Icterus bullockii"", led to both being classified as a single species, called the northern oriole, from 1973 to 1995. Research by James Rising, a professor of zoology at the University of Toronto, and others showed that the two birds actually did not interbreed significantly. The Baltimore oriole"
"turkey genetics. The breed was used commercially in the 1940s, and was recognized officially by the American Poultry Association in 1951. As a result of being developed specifically for smaller, urban households, the breed never had the size to satisfy the demands of restaurants. By the 1970s, it had nearly disappeared, and the Broad Breasted White had come into prominence. It is still extremely rare today, and is listed as Critical by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. It retains interest primarily among breed enthusiasts and those interested in a heritage turkey breed. Beltsville Small White The Beltsville Small White is"