"Mountain reindeer The mountain reindeer (""Rangifer tarandus tarandus""), also called the Norwegian reindeer, northern reindeer or mountain caribou, is a mid-sized to large subspecies of the reindeer that is native to the western Scandinavian Peninsula, particularly Norway. In Norway, it is called ""fjellrein"", ""villrein"" or ""tundra-rein"". Mountain reindeer are medium to large even-toed ungulates with a thick double coat that protects them from the Norwegian winter. Male reindeer (bulls) weigh on average 70 to 150 kg (154 to 331 pounds), while females (cows) weigh on average 40 to 100 kg (88 to 220 pounds). Both bulls and cows have antlers,"
"appropriate forensic knowledge. Cougar The cougar (""Puma concolor""), also commonly known as the puma, mountain lion, panther or catamount, is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae native to the Americas. Its range, from the Canadian Yukon to the southern Andes of South America, is the widest of any large wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere. An adaptable, generalist species, the cougar is found in most American habitat types. It is the biggest cat in North America, and the second-heaviest cat in the New World after the jaguar. Secretive and largely solitary by nature, the cougar is properly considered"
"Ungulate Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotamuses. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, ""being hoofed"" or ""hoofed animal"". As a descriptive term, ""ungulate"" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates"
"Cougar The cougar (""Puma concolor""), also commonly known as the puma, mountain lion, panther or catamount, is a large felid of the subfamily Felinae native to the Americas. Its range, from the Canadian Yukon to the southern Andes of South America, is the widest of any large wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere. An adaptable, generalist species, the cougar is found in most American habitat types. It is the biggest cat in North America, and the second-heaviest cat in the New World after the jaguar. Secretive and largely solitary by nature, the cougar is properly considered both nocturnal and"
"based on the beaver fur trade. As such, the seal of New Netherland featured the beaver; likewise, the coats of arms of Albany, New York and New York City included the beaver. North American beaver The North American beaver (""Castor canadensis"") is one of two extant beaver species. It is native to North America and introduced to Patagonia in South America and some European countries (e.g. Finland). In the United States and Canada, the species is often referred to simply as ""beaver"", though this causes some confusion because another distantly related rodent, ""Aplodontia rufa"", is often called the ""mountain beaver""."
"species while in North America, the species is known as Caribou."" The word ""rein"" is of Norse origin. The word ""deer"" was originally broader in meaning, but became more specific over time. In Middle English, ""der"" meant a wild animal of any kind, in contrast to ""cattle"". The word ""caribou"" comes through French, from the Mi'kmaq ""qalipu"", meaning ""snow shoveler"", referring to its habit of pawing through the snow for food. Because of its importance to many cultures, ""Rangifer tarandus"" and some of its subspecies have names in many languages. Inuktitut is spoken in the eastern Arctic, and the caribou"
"succeeded. The Sami of Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula of Russia and other nomadic peoples of northern Asia use reindeer for food, clothing, and transport. Deer bred for hunting are selected based on the size of the antlers. In North America, the reindeer, known there as caribou, is not domesticated or herded, but it is important as a quarry animal to the Caribou Inuit. Automobile collisions with deer can impose a significant cost on the economy. In the U.S., about 1.5 million deer-vehicle collisions occur each year, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Those accidents cause about 150"
"species exist only in relatively small populations in which some degree of inbreeding inevitably occurs. A study of 16 species of captive ungulates revealed that juvenile survival of inbred young is generally lower than that of non-inbred young. (Also see Inbreeding depression). These findings have implications for the genetic management of small ungulate populations. Ungulate Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotamuses. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually"
"A caribou statue was erected at the center of the Beaumont-Hamel Newfoundland Memorial, marking the spot in France where hundreds of soldiers from Newfoundland were killed and wounded in World War I and there is a replica in Bowring Park in St. John's, Newfoundland's capital city. Two municipalities in Finland have reindeer motifs in their coats-of-arms: Kuusamo has a running reindeer and Inari has a fish with reindeer antlers. Reindeer The reindeer (""Rangifer tarandus""), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of"
"derives from classical Latin ""panthēra"", itself from the ancient Greek ""pánthēr"" (πάνθηρ). In Mexican Spanish, its nickname is ""el tigre"": 16th century Spaniards had no native word in their language for the jaguar, which is smaller than a lion, but bigger than a leopard, nor had ever encountered it in the Old World, and so named it after the tiger, since its ferocity would have been known to them through Roman writings and popular literature during the Renaissance. ""Onca"" is the Portuguese ""onça"", with the cedilla dropped for typographical reasons, found in English as ""ounce"" for the snow leopard, ""Panthera"
"in historical times, it probably occurred naturally in Ireland. During the late Pleistocene era, reindeer occurred as far south as Nevada and Tennessee in North America and as far south as Spain in Europe. Today, wild reindeer have disappeared from these areas, especially from the southern parts, where it vanished almost everywhere. Large populations of wild reindeer are still found in Norway, Finland, Siberia, Greenland, Alaska and Canada. According to the Grubb (2005), ""Rangifer tarandus"" is ""circumboreal in the tundra and taiga"" from ""Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Russia, Alaska (USA) and Canada including most Arctic islands, and Greenland, south to northern"
"century, 'a nadder' in Middle English was rebracketed to 'an adder' (just as 'a napron' became 'an apron' and 'a ""nompere"" changed into 'an umpire'). In keeping with its wide distribution and familiarity through the ages, ""Vipera berus"" has a large number of common names in English, which include: In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the snake is known as ""hugorm"", ""hoggorm"" and ""huggorm"", roughly translated as 'striking snake'. In Finland, it is known as ""kyykäärme"" or simply ""kyy"", in Estonia it is known as ""rästik"", while in Lithuania it is known as ""angis"". Relatively thick-bodied, adults usually grow to in"
"Grizzly bear The grizzly bear (""Ursus arctos"" ssp.) is a large population of the brown bear inhabiting North America. Scientists generally do not use the name grizzly bear but call it the North American brown bear. Multiple morphological forms sometimes recognized as subspecies exist, including the mainland grizzly (""Ursus arctos horribilis""), Kodiak bear (""U. a. middendorffi""), peninsular grizzly (""U. a. gyas""), and the recently extinct California grizzly (""U. a. californicus""†) and Mexican grizzly bear (""U. a. nelsoni""†). On average bears near the coast tend to be larger while inland grizzlies tend to be smaller. The Ussuri brown bear (""U. a."
"North American beaver The North American beaver (""Castor canadensis"") is one of two extant beaver species. It is native to North America and introduced to Patagonia in South America and some European countries (e.g. Finland). In the United States and Canada, the species is often referred to simply as ""beaver"", though this causes some confusion because another distantly related rodent, ""Aplodontia rufa"", is often called the ""mountain beaver"". Other vernacular names, including American beaver and Canadian beaver, distinguish this species from the other extant beaver species, ""Castor fiber"", which is native to Eurasia. The North American beaver is an official"
"Killdeer The killdeer (""Charadrius vociferus"") is a large plover found in the Americas. It was described and given its current scientific name in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"". There are three subspecies. The killdeer's common name comes from its often-heard call. Its are mostly brown with rufous fringes, the head has patches of white and black, and there are two black breast bands. The belly and the rest of the breast are white. The nominate (or originally described) subspecies breeds from southeastern Alaska and southern Canada to Mexico. It is seen year-round in"
"in part, the tremendous evolutionary radiation of the condylarths that we can observe throughout the Paleocene, resulting in the different groups of ungulates (or ""hoofed mammals"") that form the dominant herbivores in most Cenozoic animal communities on land, except on the island continent of Australia. Among recent mammals, Paenungulata (hyraxes, elephants, and sea cows), Perissodactyla (horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs), Artiodactyla (pigs, deer, antelope, cows, camels, hippos, and their relatives), Cetacea (whales), and Tubulidentata (aardvarks) are traditionally regarded as members of the Ungulata. Besides these, several extinct animals also belong to this group, especially the endemic South American orders of ungulates,"
"relatives. The following classification is from : Meridiungulata Meridiungulata is an extinct clade with the rank of cohort or superorder, containing the South American ungulates Pyrotheria (possibly including Xenungulata), Astrapotheria, Notoungulata and Litopterna. It is not known if it is a natural group; it was erected to distinguish the ungulates of South America from other ungulates. Relationships between the orders inside Meridiungulata remain unresolved and it could well be a 'wastebasket' taxon. Most Meridiungulata died out following the invasion of South America by North American ungulates and predators during the Great American Interchange, but a few of the largest species"
"Onza The Onza is claimed to be a feline species similar to a cougar. It is a cryptid—a creature whose existence has been alleged but not proven. The term has also been used to refer to the jaguarundi (""Puma yaguaroundi""). The Spanish name ""onza"" derives from the Latin ""lynx"", ""lyncis"", and is equivalent to the English word ""ounce"", originally applied to the lynx but now more commonly to the snow leopard (""Uncia uncia""). There are old texts written by Spanish conquistadors about the onza, but they might refer to the jaguarundi, which is known as ""onza"" in many Mexican states."
"weigh around in the spring and in the autumn. The reindeer from Svalbard are also relatively short-legged and may have a shoulder height of as little as , thereby following Allen's rule. The Svalbard reindeer seems to have evolved from large European reindeer, and is special in several ways: it has peculiarities in its metabolism, and its skeleton shows a remarkable relative shortening of the legs, thus parallelling many extinct insular deer species. The Finnish forest reindeer (""R. t. fennicus""), is found in the wild in only two areas of the Fennoscandia peninsula of Northern Europe, in Finnish/Russian Karelia and"
"shoot pronghorns. Pronghorn The pronghorn (, ) (""Antilocapra americana"") is a species of artiodactyl mammal indigenous to interior western and central North America. Though not an antelope, it is often known colloquially in North America as the American antelope, prong buck, pronghorn antelope, prairie antelope, or simply antelope because it closely resembles the true antelopes of the Old World and fills a similar ecological niche due to parallel evolution. It is the only surviving member of the family Antilocapridae. During the Pleistocene period, about 12 antilocaprid species existed in North America. Three other genera (""Capromeryx"", ""Stockoceros"" and ""Tetrameryx"") existed when"
"also depended on reindeer herding and fishing for centuries. In Lapland, reindeer pull pulks. Male and female reindeer can grow antlers annually, although the proportion of females that grow antlers varies greatly between population and season. Antlers are typically larger on males. In traditional festive legend, Santa Claus's reindeer pull a sleigh through the night sky to help Santa Claus deliver gifts to good children on Christmas Eve. Carl Linnaeus chose the name ""Rangifer"" for the reindeer genus, which Albertus Magnus used in his ""De animalibus"", fol. Liber 22, Cap. 268: ""Dicitur Rangyfer quasi ramifer"". This word may go back"
"science, and there is a lack of scientific consensus in some cases, and some reclassification due to further research distinctly possible. However, all Bovidae are ""even-toed"" ungulates, a taxonomic group which besides Bovidae also includes deer (cervidae), camels, and pigs. (The ""odd-toed"" ungulates include horses and rhinoceroses). The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, of which those found in China historically include domestic cattle of the genus ""Bos"" (with ""Bos taurus"" predominating in the north of China), the water buffalo (""Bubalus"" genus, mostly in the south), the yak (mostly in west, in"
"Rhinoceros A rhinoceros (, , ), commonly abbreviated to 'rhino', is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of the extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. The term ""rhinoceros"" is often more broadly applied to now extinct relatives of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea. Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species able to reach or exceed one tonne in weight. They have a herbivorous diet, small brains (400–600 g) for mammals of their"
"North America and eastern Asia. In the deer family (Cervidae), only the moose, ""Alces alces"" (called an ""elk"" in Europe), is larger, and ""Cervus unicolor"" (the sambar deer) can rival the ""C. canadensis"" elk in size. Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, and bark. The mountain goat is an introduced species within the park. Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Bovidae Occurrence: High peaks and meadows - CL, I The mountain goat (""Oreamnos americanus""), also known as the Rocky Mountain goat, is a large-hoofed mammal found only in North America. Despite its vernacular name, it is not"
"montane regions of western North America. In some areas it ranges south into the deciduous forest. The caribou, or reindeer (""Rangifer tarandus"") is found in boreal forest and tundra in the northern parts of the Holarctic. In Eurasia it has been domesticated. It is divided into several subspecies, which are adapted to different habitats and geographic areas. The golden eagle (""Aquila chrysaetos"") is one of the best-known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Golden eagles use their agility and speed combined with powerful feet and massive, sharp talons to snatch"
"species. In some Mexican states the jaguarundi is also referred to as ""onza"". Furthermore, there are also local legends claiming that there are two species of jaguarundi, one of which is usually called ""onza"". Onza The Onza is claimed to be a feline species similar to a cougar. It is a cryptid—a creature whose existence has been alleged but not proven. The term has also been used to refer to the jaguarundi (""Puma yaguaroundi""). The Spanish name ""onza"" derives from the Latin ""lynx"", ""lyncis"", and is equivalent to the English word ""ounce"", originally applied to the lynx but now more"
"by E. John B. Allen For hundreds of years, Laplanders have been harnessing reindeer and strapping on Nordic skis as a way to travel across vast snowy expanses, and skijoring (spelled skijøring or skikjoring in Norwegian and meaning ""ski driving"") is still popular in all Scandinavian countries. Reindeer races are still held in Tromso, Norway; Inari, Finland; and Nadym, Russia. (www.skijor.com/) By 1912, skijoring behind horses was a popular activity in Switzerland, France and the Tatra Mountains of Poland. It did not take long for this activity to cross the Atlantic. North America In the early 1900's, equine skijoring found"
"grounds to go to the calving grounds. A reindeer can swim easily and quickly, normally at about but, if necessary, at and migrating herds will not hesitate to swim across a large lake or broad river. As an adaptation to their Arctic environment, they have lost their circadian rhythm. Originally, the reindeer was found in Scandinavia, eastern Europe, Greenland, Russia, Mongolia and northern China north of the 50th latitude. In North America, it was found in Canada, Alaska, and the northern conterminous USA from Washington to Maine. In the 19th century, it was apparently still present in southern Idaho. Even"
"""Onça"" is the Brazilian Portuguese word for jaguar, ""Panthera onca"", where a spotted jaguar is known as ""onça-pintada"" and a melanistic one as ""onça-preta"". These are real animals, occurring as far north as Mexico and possibly into the southwest of the United States. Also, a cat some call the ""puma"" ""Puma concolor"" is known most often as ""onça-parda"" in some areas of Brazil (in others, it is known by the name that predates American cougar, ""suçuarana""). A legend that is claimed to be less well known among cryptozoologists states that there are two species of jaguarundi living in Mexico, one"
"are, however, mutually intelligible, as North American wolves have been recorded to respond to European-style howls made by biologists. Many Eurasian wolf populations are forced to subsist largely on livestock and garbage in areas with dense human activity, though wild ungulates such as moose, red deer, roe deer and wild boar are still the most important food sources in Russia and the more mountainous regions of Eastern Europe. Other prey species include reindeer, argali, mouflon, wisent, saiga, ibex, chamois, wild goats, fallow deer and musk deer. In describing North American wolves, John Richardson used European wolves as a basis for"
"in Latin glosses, replacing ""mēlēs"" (""marten"" or ""badger""), and from these words the common Romance terms for the animal evolved (Italian ""tasso"", French ""taisson""—""blaireau"" is now more common—Catalan ""toixó"", Spanish ""tejón"", Portuguese ""texugo""). A male European badger is a boar, a female is a sow, and a young badger is a cub. In North America the young are usually called kits, while the terms male and female are generally used for adults. A collective name suggested for a group of colonial badgers is a cete, but badger colonies are more often called clans. A badger's home is called a sett."
"Mountain goat The mountain goat (""Oreamnos americanus""), also known as the Rocky Mountain goat, is a hoofed mammal endemic to North America. A subalpine to alpine species, it is a sure-footed climber commonly seen on cliffs and ice. Despite its vernacular name, it is not a member of ""Capra"", the genus that includes all other goats, such as the wild goat, ""Capra aegagrus"", from which the domestic goat is derived. The mountain goat is an even-toed ungulate of the order Artiodactyla and the family Bovidae that includes antelopes, gazelles, and cattle. It belongs to the subfamily Caprinae (goat-antelopes), along with"
"to the North American jackalope and Austrian rauracl. People often use the rasselbock in conversation to try to humiliate an older or more experienced person by rhetorically asking if they would like to go catch the creatures. Rasselbock The rasselbock or rarely raspelbock (""Hirculus crepans austriae"")(in America called a Jackalope) is a mythological animal, often depicted in such locations as hunting lodges. It has the head and body of a rabbit, and the antlers of a roe deer. The female counterpart of the rasselbock is the Rasselgeiß, which have smaller antlers. Some rasselbocks have been known to be shown with"