"""United States"" obtained the Blue Riband which marked the first time a US-flagged ship had held the record since the claimed the prize 100 years earlier. ""United States"" maintained a crossing speed on the North Atlantic in a service career that lasted 17 years. ""United States"" lost the eastbound speed record in 1990 to ""Hoverspeed Great Britain""; however, she continues to hold the Blue Riband as all subsequent record breakers were neither in passenger service nor were their voyages westbound. SS United States SS ""United States"" is a retired passenger liner built in 1950–51 for the United States Lines at"
"25 were British, followed by five German, three American, as well as one each from Italy and France. Thirteen were Cunarders (plus ""Queen Mary"" of Cunard White Star), 5 by White Star, with 4 owned by Norddeutscher Lloyd, 2 by Collins, 2 by Inman and 2 by Guion, and one each by British American, Great Western, Hamburg-America, the Italian Line, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique and finally the United States Lines. The record set by ""United States"" in 1952 remains unbroken by any passenger liner. The next longest period through which the Blue Riband was retained was 19 years, held from 1909"
"Blue Riband The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. Traditionally, the record is based on average speed rather than passage time because ships follow different routes. Also, eastbound and westbound speed records are reckoned separately, as the more difficult westbound record voyage, against the Gulf Stream and the prevailing weather systems, typically results in lower average speeds. Of the 35 Atlantic liners to hold the Blue Riband,"
"obtained the Blue Riband for her company. This race for speed, however, was a detriment to passengers' comfort and generated strong vibration, which made her owner lose any interest in her after she lost the Blue Riband to another ship of Norddeutscher Lloyd. She was only used for ten years for transatlantic crossing before being converted into a cruise ship. Until 1907 the Blue Riband remained in the hands of the Germans. In 1902, J. P. Morgan embraced the idea of a maritime empire comprising a large number of companies. He founded the International Mercantile Marine Co., a trust which"
"Sinking of the RMS Lusitania. RMS Lusitania RMS ""Lusitania"" was a British ocean liner and briefly the world's largest passenger ship. The ship was sunk on 7 May 1915 by a German U-boat off the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking presaged the United States declaration of war on Germany in 1917. The ship was a holder of the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing and was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of her sister ship . The Cunard Line launched ""Lusitania"" in 1906, at a time of fierce competition for the North Atlantic"
"writers have included the ""Scotia"" claim. Gibbs also includes the claimed Blue Riband voyage at of the National Line's ""America"" of 1884 that was not confirmed by later researchers. Blue Riband The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. Traditionally, the record is based on average speed rather than passage time because ships follow different routes. Also, eastbound and westbound speed records are reckoned separately, as the more"
"RMS Scotia Scotia was a British passenger liner operated by the Cunard Line that won the Blue Riband in 1863 for the fastest westbound transatlantic voyage. She was the last oceangoing paddle steamer, and as late as 1874 she made Cunard's second fastest voyage. Laid up in 1876, ""Scotia"" was converted to a twin-screw cable layer in 1879. She served in her new role for twenty-five years until she was wrecked off of Guam in March 1904. As a result of competition from the Collins Line, Cunard ordered of 1856, the first iron Blue Riband winner. ""Scotia"" was originally planned"
"RMS Lusitania RMS ""Lusitania"" was a British ocean liner and briefly the world's largest passenger ship. The ship was sunk on 7 May 1915 by a German U-boat off the southern coast of Ireland. The sinking presaged the United States declaration of war on Germany in 1917. The ship was a holder of the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing and was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of her sister ship . The Cunard Line launched ""Lusitania"" in 1906, at a time of fierce competition for the North Atlantic trade. She sank on her"
"to formalize the rules surrounding the trans Atlantic competition. The rules for the trophy did not correspond to the traditional rules for the Blue Riband in that the trophy was to be awarded only to surface passenger ship achieving the fastest speed in the westbound direction. Other rule changes further complicated the situation, and eventually the trophy was awarded to just three Blue Riband holders; ""Rex"", in 1935, ""Normandie"" in 1936, and ""United States"" in 1952. Of the ships of state, only ""Queen Mary"", ""Queen Elizabeth"" and ""Europa"" survived the war. ""Europa"" became CGT's ""Liberte"" and no attempt was made"
"had part of her passenger accommodation removed to make room for extra coal bunkers. She left London three days before ""Great Western"", refuelled at Cork, and departed for New York on 4 April. ""Great Western"" was delayed in Bristol because of the fire and did not depart until 8 April. Even with a four-day head start, ""Sirius"" only narrowly beat ""Great Western"", arriving on 22 April. When coal ran low, the crew burned 5 drums of resin. ""Great Western"" arrived the following day, with 200 tons of coal still aboard. Although the term Blue Riband was not coined until years"
"Blue Riband-holding ocean liner . Initially ""Alster"" was brought to the improvised British naval base at Skjelfjord in Lofoten. On arrival at Skjelfjord on 11 April, a prize crew from ""Penelope"" took over responsibility for the ship. At Skjelfjord, the captured German crew made an unsuccessful attempt at scuttling ""Alster"" by opening the ship's sea valves. While at Skjelfjord ""Alster"", being equipped with derricks, was used to help repair damaged Allied warships. One of the vessels on which emergency repairs were carried out from ""Alster"", was the destroyer , which had lost her bow during the naval battles off Narvik."
"In July 1863, ""Scotia"" won the Blue Riband with a Queenstown – New York voyage of , beating ""Persia""s record by a full knot. ""Scotia"" is generally credited with retaining the Blue Riband until 1872 when she was surpassed by ""Adriatic"" of the White Star Line. While Gibbs credits the screw steamer of the Inman Line with a Blue Riband voyage in 1866, ""Scotia"" is universally considered as the equal of any pre-""Oceanic"" liner. Although she offered only first-class accommodations used by passengers such as Theodore Roosevelt's family, ""Scotia"" was not consistently profitable and ""China"" proved to be the better"
"next 30 years, Cunard held the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic voyage. However, in the 1870s Cunard fell behind its rivals, the White Star Line and the Inman Line. To meet this competition, in 1879 the firm was reorganised as the Cunard Steamship Company, Ltd, to raise capital. In 1902 White Star joined the American-owned International Mercantile Marine Co. and the British Government provided Cunard with substantial loans and a subsidy to build two superliners needed to retain its competitive position. ""Mauretania"" held the Blue Riband from 1909 to 1929. The sinking of her running mate ""Lusitania"" in 1915"
"Ribbon"" which ""Rex"" won (""nastro azzurro"" means ""blue ribbon"" in Italian.) SS Rex The SS ""Rex"" was an Italian ocean liner launched in 1931.<ref name=""http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,930095,00.html"">Time Magazine - report on Rex Blue Riband capture, 1933</ref> She held the westbound Blue Riband between 1933 and 1935. Originally built for the Navigazione Generale Italiana (NGI) as ""SS Guglielmo Marconi"", its state-ordered merger with the Lloyd Sabaudo line meant that the ship sailed for the newly created ""Italia Flotta Riunite"" (Italian Line). ""Rex"" operated transatlantic crossings from Italy with its running mate, the prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. ""Rex"" maintained"
"rigged under davits) to be filled and launched with passengers. When ""Britannic"", working as a hospital ship during World War I, sank in 1916 after hitting a mine in the Kea channel the already davited boats were swiftly lowered saving nearly all on board, but the ship took nearly three times as long to sink as ""Lusitania"" and thus the crew had more time to evacuate passengers. ""Lusitania"", commanded by Commodore James Watt, moored at the Liverpool landing stage for her maiden voyage at 4:30 p.m. on Saturday 7 September 1907 as the onetime Blue Riband holder vacated the pier."
"physical and technological challenge and at least three awards for the feat remain in play. The following is the latest consensus list of the research to date. Because there was no sanctioning body for the Blue Riband, researchers are limited to surviving shipping company archives and press reports to develop the list of Blue Riband winners. These lists are retrospective, and limited to steamships only. Therefore, most lists feature ""Sirius"", in her race with ""Great Western"" in 1838, as the first record-holder, although her crossing was not as fast as some sail packet ships of the period. Early writers including"
"her first stop, Cartagena in Spain, in late November. While sailing towards the Greek port city of Piraeus outside Sardinia on 7 December, she was overtaken by the Italian 51,000-ton ocean liner SS ""Rex"" which passed ""Suomen Joutsen"" at full speed of from a distance of only . Although the holder of the Blue Riband was a sight to behold, seeing a full rigged ship underway in the open seas was also becoming a rare treat. After visiting various ports in the Mediterranean, the ship returned to the Atlantic and stopped briefly at Ponta Delgada, but crossed neither the Atlantic"
"Swan Hunter Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is a shipbuilding design, engineering, and management company, based in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, England. At its apex, the company represented the combined forces of three powerful shipbuilding families: Swan, Hunter and Wigham Richardson. The company was responsible for some of the greatest ships of the early 20th century, most famously which held the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic, and which rescued survivors from . In 2006 ""Swan Hunter"" ceased vessel construction on Tyneside, but continues to provide design engineering services. Swan & Hunter"
"Blue Riband record for speed. Her extensive interiors were to have been, to a large degree, based on the popular Art Deco fashions of the day pioneered on ocean liners by the French Line's just a few years earlier in 1927. Oceanic (unfinished ship) The RMMV ""Oceanic"" (Royal Mail Motor Vessel) was the planned name of an unfinished ocean liner that was partially built by Harland and Wolff for the White Star Line. The ship was to have been the first -long ocean liner. It was intended to be the largest ocean liner for the White Star Line, thus it"
"traditional rules for the Blue Riband (for example, the Hales Trophy was originally only awarded for westbound records) and changed several times thereafter. It was awarded to just three Blue Riband holders during the express liner era; to the Italian liner ""Rex"" in 1935, the French ""Normandie"" in 1936, and the American ""United States"" in 1952. Cunard's ""Queen Mary"", Blue Riband holder in 1936 and again from 1938 until 1952, did not receive the award. Following the retirement of ""United States"" in 1969 the award languished, until revived in 1990 for the Incat passenger/car ferry ""Hoverspeed Great Britain"" when she"
"take place and ""Persia"" was sold for scrap in 1872. RMS Persia Persia was a British passenger liner operated by the Cunard Line that won the Blue Riband in 1856 for the fastest westbound transatlantic voyage. She was the first Atlantic record breaker constructed of iron and was the largest ship in the world at the time of her launch. However, the inefficiencies of paddle wheel propulsion rendered ""Persia"" obsolete and she was taken out of service in 1868 after only twelve years. Attempts to convert ""Persia"" to sail were unsuccessful and the former pride of the British merchant marine"
"broken by another Incat vessel, ""Catalonia"" and again the following month by ""Cat-Link V"". The Ocean Rowing Society inspired by The Blue Riband concept created Blue Riband Trophy of Ocean Rowing awarded to the fastest crew to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an unsupported row boat. Presently it is the most sought after trophy of Ocean Rowing. With the end of the express liners era the Blue Riband has become an item of largely historical interest, with some authors regarding the ""United States"" as the last holder of the accolade; meanwhile the goal of the fastest Atlantic crossings remains a"
"New York. ""Normandie"" held the Blue Riband for the fastest transatlantic crossing at several points during her service career, during which the was her main rival. During World War II, ""Normandie"" was seized by U.S. authorities at New York and renamed USS ""Lafayette"". In 1942, the liner caught fire while being converted to a troopship, capsized onto her port side and came to rest on the mud of the Hudson River at Pier 88, the site of the current New York Passenger Ship Terminal. Although salvaged at great expense, restoration was deemed too costly and she was scrapped in October"
"RMS Campania RMS ""Campania"" was a British ocean liner owned by the Cunard Steamship Line Shipping Company, built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan, Scotland, and launched on Thursday, 8 September 1892. Identical in dimensions and specifications to her sister ship , ""Campania"" was the largest and fastest passenger liner afloat when she entered service in 1893. She crossed the Atlantic in less than six days, and on her second voyage in 1893, she won the prestigious Blue Riband, previously held by the Inman Liner . The following year, ""Lucania"" won the Blue Riband and kept the title"
"£700. At least part of Wigham Richardson's success in the latter part of the 19th century was through the surge in demand for passenger ships, taking emigrants to the New World. In 1903, Wigham Richardson merged with Swan and Hunter specifically to bid for the prestigious contract to build the . Their bid was successful, and she went on to capture the Blue Riband for the fastest crossing of the Atlantic - a record she held for two decades. Even today, she is the largest liner ever built on the Tyne. The company flourished, and between 1906 and 1912, no"
"the Blue Riband at . ""Queen Mary"" was commissioned the next year, and after a few break-in voyages, took the Blue Riband to . The two liners were operated a pair and traded the Blue Riband again, with the Cunard White Star Liner ultimately posting in 1938. ""Queen Mary’s"" consort, ""Queen Elizabeth"", was commissioned after war was declared and was never allowed to attempt the record. In 1935, Harold K. Hales (1868–1942), a member of the UK Parliament and owner of a shipping company, commissioned a large trophy to be presented to the fastest ship crossing the Atlantic, in order"
"(ex ""ACT 4""), ""Sydney Star"" (ex ""ACT 5"") and ""Queensland Star"" (ex ""ACT 6""). The last vessel trading, to carry the Blue Star funnel colours was the ""America Star"", which was handed over to be broken up on 19 February 2003. P&O Nedlloyd formed Reederei Blue Star in 2002 as a ship management company, from which it chartered ships. P&O Nedlloyd was bought by AP Moller Maersk Group in 2005 and merged into its operations to form Maersk Line. Reederei Blue Star continues to operate as part of Maersk Line. On 18 June 2009 Komrowski took over the ship management"
"in 2013 when the site was re-designated as a Historic Marine Protected Area under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010. RMS Campania RMS ""Campania"" was a British ocean liner owned by the Cunard Steamship Line Shipping Company, built by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company of Govan, Scotland, and launched on Thursday, 8 September 1892. Identical in dimensions and specifications to her sister ship , ""Campania"" was the largest and fastest passenger liner afloat when she entered service in 1893. She crossed the Atlantic in less than six days, and on her second voyage in 1893, she won the prestigious Blue Riband,"
"to 1929 by ""Mauretania"". The shortest period was 6 weeks, by ""Bremen"" from July to August 1933. Many of these ships were built with substantial government subsidies and were designed with military considerations in mind. Winston Churchill estimated that the two Cunard Queens helped shorten the Second World War by a year. The last Atlantic liner to hold the Blue Riband, the SS ""United States"", was designed for her potential use as a troopship as well as her service as a commercial passenger liner. There was no formal award until 1935, when Harold K. Hales donated the Hales Trophy; though"
"in the late 1920s and early 1930s. ""Queen Mary"" was the flagship of the Cunard Line from May 1936 until October 1946 when she was replaced in that role by ""Queen Elizabeth"". ""Queen Mary"" sailed on her maiden voyage on 27 May 1936 and captured the Blue Riband in August of that year; she lost the title to in 1937 and recaptured it in 1938, holding it until 1952 when she was beaten by the new . With the outbreak of the Second World War, she was converted into a troopship and ferried Allied soldiers for the duration of the"
"became a symbol of national and company status to build the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ocean liner for transatlantic crossings. The United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy built the most famous ocean liners. Examples of some famous transatlantic liners are RMS ""Titanic"" (had only made one voyage that was unsuccessful due to striking an iceberg), , , , , , , , , , , , ""Queen Elizabeth 2"", and . The Blue Riband is awarded for the record fastest crossing by transatlantic liner. The current eastbound record was set by the American ocean liner ""United States"""
"1930s, relaunched the race for the Blue Riband. The ""Normandie"" won it in 1935 before being snatched by in 1938. It was not until 1952 that set a record that remains today: 34.5 knots (3 days and 12 hours of crossing the Atlantic). In addition, since 1935, the Blue Riband is accompanied by the Hales Trophy, which is awarded to the winner. The first ocean liners were designed to carry mostly migrants. On-board sanitary conditions were often deplorable and epidemics were frequent. In 1848, maritime laws imposing hygiene rules were adopted and they improved on-board living conditions. Gradually, two distinct"
"July of that year, but ""Mauretania"" recaptured the Blue Riband the same month, retaining it until 1929, when it was taken by . ""Lusitania"" and other ships participated in the Hudson-Fulton Celebration in New York City from the end of September to early October 1909. The celebration was also a display of the different modes of transportation then in existence, ""Lusitania"" representing the newest advancement in steamship technology. A newer mode of travel was the aeroplane. Wilbur Wright had brought a Flyer to Governors Island and made demonstration flights before millions of New Yorkers who had never seen an aircraft."