"Sala describes a sophisticated housekeeper in the 19th century London: ""She would be just the person for the upper end of Sloane Street. She has a neat hand for cutting vegetable bouquets out of carrots, turnips and parsnips for garnishing."" Since the 20th century, numerous attempts have been made to use vegetable bouquets to promote a healthy lifestyle and raise the nutrition consciousness of the population. Nowadays, the art of creating vegetable bouquets is much more accessible with numerous online courses available for vegetable bouquet designers. In recent years, vegetable bouquets have gained some popularity as an alternative to traditional"
"style of growing is often used in classrooms for education. Many desert annuals are therophytes, because their seed-to-seed life cycle is only weeks and they spend most of the year as seeds to survive dry conditions. In cultivation, many food plants are, or are grown as, annuals, including virtually all domesticated grains. Some perennials and biennials are grown in gardens as annuals for convenience, particularly if they are not considered cold hardy for the local climate. Carrot, celery and parsley are true biennials (divarsiya) that are usually grown as annual crops for their edible roots, petioles and leaves, respectively. Tomato,"
"Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park. However, the cultivar was not heavily propagated for close to 40 years until it began being marketed under the name 'Tebow', with the name coming from quarterback Tim Tebow. Tebow's association with the fruit has led to him being frequently referred to as ""The Fifth Highwayman"". The fruit has a roundish shape similar to Kent, lacking a lateral beak, and averages about a pound in weight. The skin color is golden yellow with orange blush, similar to its parent Edward. The flesh is pale yellow,"
"closely resembling them, except that the scent is much less pronounced than with true citrus. As with true citrus, the leaves give off a spicy smell when crushed. The fruits are green, ripening to yellow, and in diameter, resembling a small orange, but with a finely downy surface. The cultivar ""Flying Dragon"" is dwarfed in size and has highly twisted, contorted stems. It makes an excellent barrier hedge due to its density and strong curved thorns. Such hedges have been grown for over 50 years at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, and are highly student-proof. The plant is also highly"
"Tuber aestivum The summer truffle (""Tuber aestivum"") or burgundy truffle (""Tuber uncinatum"") is a species of truffle, found in almost all European countries. In cuisine and commerce, particularly in France and Italy, the summer truffle (""T. aestivum"") is distinguished from the burgundy truffle (""T. uncinatum""). However, molecular analysis showed in 2004 that these two varieties of truffle are one species. The differences between them are therefore likely due to environmental factors. This article uses the older of the two binomial names, ""T. aestivum"", to designate the species, while discussing the characteristics of the two varieties separately. Burgundy truffles (; or"
"and is high in fiber. It also contains kaempferol. Endive Endive () is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus ""Cichorium"", which includes several similar, bitter, leafed vegetables. Species include ""Cichorium endivia"" (also called endive), ""Cichorium pumilum"" (also called wild endive), and ""Cichorium intybus"" (also called common chicory). Common chicory includes types such as ""radicchio"", ""puntarelle"", and Belgian endive. There is considerable confusion between ""Cichorium endivia"" and ""Cichorium intybus"". There are two main varieties of cultivated ""C. endivia"" endive: ""Cichorium intybus"" endive is popular in Europe, and is also known as leaf chicory. Endive is rich in many vitamins and"
"sweet potato and bell pepper are tender perennials usually grown as annuals. Ornamental perennials commonly grown as annuals are impatiens, mirabilis, wax begonia, snapdragon, ""pelargonium"", coleus and petunia. Examples of true annuals include corn, wheat, rice, lettuce, peas, watermelon, beans, zinnia and marigold. Summer annuals sprout, flower, produce seed, and die, during the warmer months of the year. The lawn weed crabgrass is a summer annual. Winter annuals germinate in autumn or winter, live through the winter, then bloom in winter or spring. The plants grow and bloom during the cool season when most other plants are dormant or other"
"a branched tendril. The pea-like flowers occur in the leaf axils, solitary or in pairs. The flower corolla is long and bright pink-purple in colour, more rarely whitish or yellow. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees. The fruit is a legume pod up to 6 or 7 centimeters long, which is hairy when new, smooth later, then brown or black when ripe. It contains 4–12 seeds. Sown for fodder, the seed is sown densely, up to 250 kg per hectare. However, when grown for seed, less seed should be used; otherwise the crop will be too thick, reducing flower"
"Psoralea esculenta Psoralea esculenta, common name prairie turnip, is an herbaceous perennial plant native to prairies and dry woodlands of central North America, which bears a starchy tuberous root edible as a root vegetable. The plant is also known as Pediomelum esculentum. English names for the plant include tipsin, teepsenee, breadroot, breadroot scurf pea, large Indian breadroot and pomme blanche. The prairie turnip was a staple food of the Plains Indians. A closely related species, ""Psoralea hypogaea"", the little breadroot, is also edible, although the plant and root are smaller. Another species, ""Psoralea argophylla"", was probably harvested for food only"
"baking. The 'Innovator' variety is a medium to large plant with stems that are semi erect. The leaves of the plants are a yellow green and are moderately close to one another. When the plant flowers it produces many white flowers. The variety produces tubers that are large and oblong in shape with a tan coloured skin. The potato variety also produces large sprouts that are red-violet in colour. 'Innovator' potatoes are resistant to potato wart, and pale cyst nematode. The plant is also has a well resistance to late leaf blight and to Potato virus X and Potato virus"
"sprouts (""Brassica oleraceae gemmifera""), cabbage (""Brassica oleraceae capitata""), cauliflower (""Brassica oleraceae botrytis""), turnip (""Brassica rapa""), pinnate tansy-mustard (""Descurainia pinnata""), fixweed tansy-mustard (""Descurainia sophia""), prairie pepperweed (""Lepidium densiflorum""), Virginia pepper-grass (""Lepidium virginicum""), radish (""Raphanus sativus""), tumble mustard (""Sisymbrium altissimum""), and field pennycress (""Thlaspi arvense""). In order to increase their reproductive fitness, male ""P. protodice"" must select a female who will put his investment to good use. One trait that males select for is bigger size and longer forewing length. It is unknown whether larger females are preferred by males or whether larger females can simply be seen at greater distances than"
"prefer tobacco more highly than other field crops and vegetables, but cabbage, collards, okra, and tomato were all still attacked. However, it is notable that cotton was not present in this study. Movements between host plants throughout generations of ""H. virescens"" have been observed in a widespread number of environments. For example, in Georgia, the first two generations of ""H. virescens"" of the year (in around April and May) develop primarily on toadflax, but the third generation (in June and July) prefers deergrass. Future generations (between July to October) prefer beggarweed to other host plants. Other recorded food plants include"
"include ""T. albiflora"" (Scurvy Weed), ""T. spathacea"" (Moses In The Cradle), and ""T. pallida"" (Purple Heart). American Indians used ""T. virginiana"" to treat a number of conditions, including stomachache and cancer. It was also used as a food source. The cells of the stamen hairs of some ""Tradescantia"" are colored blue, but when exposed to sources of ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, the cells mutate and change color to pink; they are one of the few tissues known to serve as an effective bioassay for ambient radiation levels. Tradescantia Tradescantia is a genus of 75 species of herbaceous perennial"
"Endive Endive () is a leaf vegetable belonging to the genus ""Cichorium"", which includes several similar, bitter, leafed vegetables. Species include ""Cichorium endivia"" (also called endive), ""Cichorium pumilum"" (also called wild endive), and ""Cichorium intybus"" (also called common chicory). Common chicory includes types such as ""radicchio"", ""puntarelle"", and Belgian endive. There is considerable confusion between ""Cichorium endivia"" and ""Cichorium intybus"". There are two main varieties of cultivated ""C. endivia"" endive: ""Cichorium intybus"" endive is popular in Europe, and is also known as leaf chicory. Endive is rich in many vitamins and minerals, especially in folate and vitamins A and K,"
"centre. The freshness of the vegetable will also be obvious from the taste; the older the vegetable, the less potent the celery flavour. Celeriac Celeriac (""Apium graveolens"" var. ""rapaceum""), also called turnip-rooted celery, celery root, or knob celery, is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots. Despite its name, it is not a close relative of the turnip. Celeriac is like a root vegetable except it has a bulbous hypocotyl with many small roots attached. In the Mediterranean Basin and in Northern Europe, celeriac is widely cultivated. It is also cultivated in North Africa,"
"Canola) but usually the related species ""Brassica napus"" (rapeseed) and ""Brassica juncea"" (mustard greens and mizuna). Researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Madison have selectively bred one subspecies of ""B. rapa"" to have an extremely short life cycle for use as a model organism in education and experiment. This variety is known by the trademarked name ""Wisconsin Fast Plants."" In the 18th century the turnip and the oilseed-producing variants were seen as being different species by Carl Linnaeus who named them ""B. rapa"" and ""B. campestris"". 20th-century taxonomists found that the plants were cross fertile and thus belonged to the same"
"fruits. Trautvetteria Trautvetteria is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family. Today it is often considered a monotypic genus, containing only one species, Trautvetteria caroliniensis, which is known by the common names Carolina bugbane, false bugbane, and tassel-rue. A second species, ""T. japonica"", is now generally considered a variety of this species. The genus is named for the botanist Ernst Rudolf von Trautvetter. This plant is native to Asia and eastern and western North America. It grows in moist wooded areas and other habitat. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing an erect stem up to 1.5 meters"
"Student Sustainable Farm at Rutgers The Student Sustainable Farm at Rutgers is located at Rutgers' Horticultural Research Station in New Brunswick, New Jersey, on the G. H. Cook campus of Rutgers University. The farm, which has of land under cultivation, runs on the Community Supported Agriculture model: up to 150 participating households purchase a ""share"" in the farm at the start of the season. In return they receive a weekly portion of each week's harvest of organically grown produce. Over the course of the season, the farm grows over a dozen different types of herbs and 30 kinds of vegetables,"
"isopoda""), bumblebee (""Bombus ternarius""), blue-winged olive (""Ephemerella cornuta""), daddy longlegs (""Opiliones""), dragonfly, grasshopper (""Melanoplus differentialis""), harvester ant (""Pogonomyrmex""), and two-spotted lady beetle (""Adalia bipunctata""). Gardeners and horticulturists have identified various hemipterans during the growing season affecting their cash crop such as aphids, including the pea aphid (""Acyrthosiphon pisum""), English grain aphid (""Macrosiphum avenae""), and green peach aphid (""Myzus persicae""), spruce gall adelgid (""Adelges cooleyi""), pine needle scale (""Chionaspis pinifoliae""), tomato psyllid (""Bactericera cockerelli""), greenhouse whitefly (""Trialeurodes vaporariorum""), aster leafhopper (""Macrosteles quadrilineatus"") alfalfa plant bug (""Adelphocoris lineolatus""), tarnished plant bug (""Lygus lineolaris""), and black grass bug (""Labops hesperius""). Freshwater invertebrates of"
"acute), and (-leaved). A narrow leafed, variety ""tenuifolius"", and a broader leafed, variety ""latifolius"", are known. Domestic varieties are derived from ""latifolius"". In the Sonora desert, ""the flowers appear with the summer rains, first appearing in late August, with the pods ripening early in the fall dry season, most of them in October."" The beans can be of nearly any color. There are many local landraces. Beans vary in size but tend to be small. They mature 60 to 120 days after planting. Other names for this native bean include Pawi, Pavi, Tepari, Escomite, Yori mui, Yorimuni and Yori muni."
"Leek The leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of ""Allium ampeloprasum"", the broadleaf wild leek. The edible part of the plant is a bundle of leaf sheaths that is sometimes erroneously called a stem or stalk. The genus ""Allium"" also contains the onion, garlic, shallot, scallion, chive, and Chinese onion. Historically, many scientific names were used for leeks, but they are now all treated as cultivars of ""A. ampeloprasum"". The name 'leek' developed from the Old English word ""leac"". Three closely related vegetables, elephant garlic, kurrat and Persian leek or Tareh, are also cultivars of ""A. ampeloprasum"", although different in"
"variety would be named. The trees grow upright, but often have branches bent or broken by heavy fruiting at the ends. It is widely grown in Florida, where it matures in January to March. Citrus scab and alternaria fungus disease attack Murcotts. The Murcott is one parent of the Clementine-like hybrid variously called the Afourer, Nadorcott or W. Murcott cultivar, the other parent being unknown. Murcott (fruit) The Murcott (marketed as: Honey Tangerine) is a tangor, or mandarin–sweet orange hybrid. The Murcott arose out of citrus pioneer Walter Tennyson Swingle's attempts to produce novel citrus hybrids. Its seed parent has"
"official state vegetable. Nix v. Hedden Nix v. Hedden, 149 U.S. 304 (1893), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that, under U.S. customs regulations, the tomato should be classified as a vegetable rather than a fruit. The Court's unanimous opinion held that the Tariff Act of 1883 used the ordinary meaning of the words ""fruit"" and ""vegetable,"" instead of the technical botanical meaning. John Nix founded the John Nix & Co. fruit commission in New York City in 1839. The company became one of the largest sellers of produce in New York City at the"
"adjustments in genetics, they finally debuted the Rutgers 250, named to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the university's founding in that same year. Rutgers tomato The Rutgers tomato (""Lycopersicon lycopersicum"") was the most popular tomato variety in the world before the era of mechanized farming began a change in breeding for durability over flavor. It is a hybrid beefsteak from the Solanaceae family with an excellent balance of acidity to sweetness and lots of flavor. A true New Jersey tomato has both high acids and high sugars, and a thin skin. It lasts days at full ripeness, not weeks as"
"of a flowering plant. This is considerably different from the word's culinary meaning. While peaches, plums, and oranges are ""fruit"" in both senses, many items commonly called ""vegetables"", such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes, are botanically fruits. The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893. The court ruled unanimously in ""Nix v. Hedden"" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce. The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically"
"Station and the Campbell Soup Company's Riverton, New Jersey research facility. A hugely flavorful tomato that also was more resistant to rot than its predecessors, the Rutgers tomato became a staple ingredient of not only Campbell’s Soup, but other large companies including Hunt’s and Heinz. It was popular on American dinner tables as the seed was grown by farmers nationally. It was the most popular variety of tomato in the world, according to Thomas J. Orton, a professor in the department of plant biology and pathology at Rutgers University. The Rutgers tomato, at its peak, made up more than 60%"
"Senna tora Senna tora (originally described by Linnaeus as Cassia tora) is a dicot legume in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Its name is derived from its Sinhala name Tora (තෝර). It grows wild in most of the tropics and is considered a weed in many places. Its native range is in Central America. Its most common English name is Sickle Senna. or Sickle Wild sensitive-plant. Other common names include sickle pod, tora, coffee pod, tovara, chakvad, thakara in Malayalam and foetid cassia. It is often confused with Chinese Senna or Sicklepod, ""Senna obtusifolia"". The ""Cassia tora"" is an herbaceous annual foetid"
"United States. This prohibition came into force after farmers complained about alleged market manipulation by Sam Siegel and Vincent Kosuga at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange two years earlier. The subsequent investigation provided economists with a unique case study into the effects of futures trading on agricultural prices. The act remains in effect . Onion The onion (""Allium cepa"" L., from Latin ""cepa"" ""onion""), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ""Allium"". Its close relatives include the garlic, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. This genus also"
"sorghum, lettuce, spinach, beets, carrots, chard, radishes, potatoes, arugula, mint, turnips, kale, parsley, coriander, beans, peas, shallots, mustard ... Projects for isolated sites are also studied. Experimental systems are being studied by several universities: the Biosphere 2 project at the University of Arizona, the Stockbridge School of Agriculture project (University of Massachusetts at Amherst). Three 13 kWp agro-photovoltaic systems were built in Chile in 2017. The goal of this project, supported by the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, was to study the plants that can benefit from the shading of the agrivoltaic system. The electricity produced was used to power agricultural"
"of every season. The booklet is available online (Cameron). Recently more than just annuals were trialed on the Michigan State University site. Typically only annuals are trialed because they are easy to breed- they only have a life cycle of one growing season so results of crosses are quickly seen. While most trials take place in the annual garden right next to the Plant and Soil Science Building, vegetables, herbaceous perennials, and native plants were trialed in other parts of the gardens. The vegetables are in the Vegetable Demonstration Garden and the native plant trials are to the east of"
"selection and seed saving. Some of the most famous examples include San Marzano, Brandywine, Green Zebra, Gardener's Delight, Marglobe, Lollypop, Yellow Pear, Silvery Fir Tree, Hillbilly, Paul Robeson, Cherokee Purple, Mortgage Lifter, Neville Tomatos, Mr. Stripey, Costoluto Genovese, Pruden's Purple, Black Krim, Amish Paste, Aunt Ruby's German Green, Garden Peach, Hawaiian Pineapple, Big Rainbow, Chocolate Cherry, Red Currant, Matt's Wild Cherry, and Three Sisters. Heirloom seeds ""breed true,"" unlike the seeds of hybridized plants. Both sides of the DNA in an heirloom variety come from a common stable cultivar. Heirloom tomato varieties are ""open pollinating"", and cross-pollination is common without"
"are used as a coffee substitute, similar to dandelion coffee. True endive (""Cichorium endivia"") is a species grown and used as a salad green. It has a slightly bitter taste and has been attributed with herbal properties. Curly endive and the broad-leafed escarole are true endives. ""Cichorium"" is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including setaceous Hebrew character, turnip moth, and the grass moth ""Diasemia reticularis"". Formerly included are several species now considered better suited to other genera: ""Aposeris"", ""Arnoseris"", ""Geigeria"", ""Rhagadiolus"" and ""Tolpis"". Cichorium Cichorium is a genus of plants in the dandelion"
"buds and flowers and 0.1% other. Of the 57 fruit species identified, the palm tree, ""Jessenia polycarpa"", was the most commonly eaten in 22.7% of the feeding observations. The following lists the range of preference observed in this study: 22.7% ""Jessenis polycarpa"" (Arecaceae), 7.9% ""Ocotea"" no. 1 (Lauraceae); 6.6% ""Tachigalia"" sp. (Caesalpiniaceae); 5.9% ""Beilschmiedia"" sp. (Lauraceae); 5.8% Ocotea no. 2 (Lauraceae); 4.8% unidentified; 3.5% unidentified; 3.5% ""Guatteria"" sp. (Annonaceae); 3.4% ""Annona"" sp. (Annonaceae); 2.4% unidentified; 2.0% unidentified; ""Guatteria"" sp. (Annonaceae); 1.9% ""Duguetia"" sp. (Annonaceae). Palacios & Rodríguez and Palacios ""et al."" identified 62 species from 32 plant familias in the"