"The original town site was dismantled and abandoned. From 1975 to 1977, the Trans-Alaska pipeline was built to carry oil from the Prudhoe Bay oil fields in northern Alaska to a terminal in Valdez, the nearest ice-free port. Oil is loaded onto tanker ships for transport. The construction and operation of the pipeline and terminal boosted the economy of Valdez. The 1989 ""Exxon Valdez"" oil spill occurred as the oil tanker ""Exxon Valdez"" was leaving the terminal at Valdez full of oil. The spill occurred at Bligh Reef, about from Valdez. Although the oil did not reach Valdez, it devastated"
"Odyssey (tanker) Odyssey, which previously went by the name ""Oriental Phoenix"", was an oil tanker in operation from 1971 to November 10, 1988, when an explosion caused it to sink in the North Atlantic off the coast of Canada. The resulting spill remains one of the largest oil spills in world history. The tanker was off the coast of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia when it sank and released 132,157 tons (43 million gallons) of oil into the ocean. By way of comparison, 4.3 times as much oil was spilled by the ""Odyssey"" as from the much more famous"
"Mega Borg Oil Spill The ""Mega Borg"" Oil Spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on June 8, 1990, roughly 50 miles off the coast of Texas, when the oil tanker ""Mega Borg"" caught on fire and exploded. The cleanup was one of the first practical uses of bioremediation. At 11:30 PM on the evening of Saturday June 8, 1990, an explosion in the cargo room of the Norwegian oil tanker the ""Mega Borg"" “ruptured the bulkhead between the pump room and the engine room”, causing the ship to catch fire and begin to leak oil. The 853-foot-long, 15-year-old vessel"
"Exxon Valdez Oriental Nicety, formerly Exxon Valdez, Exxon Mediterranean, SeaRiver Mediterranean, S/R Mediterranean, Mediterranean, and Dong Fang Ocean, was an oil tanker that gained notoriety after running aground in Prince William Sound spilling hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil in Alaska. On March 24, 1989, while owned by the former Exxon Shipping Company, and captained by Joseph Hazelwood and First Mate James Kunkel bound for Long Beach, California, the vessel ran aground on the Bligh Reef resulting in the second largest oil spill in United States history. The size of the spill is estimated to have been ,"
"or 257,000 to 750,000 barrels. In 1989, the ""Exxon Valdez"" oil spill was listed as the 54th largest spill in history. The tanker was 301 meters long, 51 meters wide, 26 meters depth (987 ft x 166 ft x 88 ft), with a deadweight of 214,861 long tons and a full-load displacement of 240,291 long tons. The ship was able to transport up to 235,000 m³ (1.48 million barrels) at a sustained speed of 16.25 knots, powered by a (31,650 shp) diesel engine. Her hull design was of the single-hull type, constructed by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company in San"
"would do a number of things, including creating multiple new federal response teams, creating a new fleet of special containment booms and skimmers. Mega Borg Oil Spill The ""Mega Borg"" Oil Spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on June 8, 1990, roughly 50 miles off the coast of Texas, when the oil tanker ""Mega Borg"" caught on fire and exploded. The cleanup was one of the first practical uses of bioremediation. At 11:30 PM on the evening of Saturday June 8, 1990, an explosion in the cargo room of the Norwegian oil tanker the ""Mega Borg"" “ruptured the bulkhead"
"Barbados as well. VECO also was a worldwide player in the oil industry, having divisions in many major oil markets, including the Sudan, Russia, Mexico, Venezuela and Syria. VECO had a major impact on the economy of Alaska and employed over 5,000 people worldwide. On March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef, spilling eleven million gallons of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound. The Exxon Valdez oil spill was the second largest in United States history, after the BP Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon spill. Under Allen's guidance, VECO (along with"
"Kirki (tanker) The Kirki was a 210 metre long Greek-registered oil tanker which caught fire on 21 July 1991, 30 km west of the fishing town of Cervantes, Western Australia. The fire resulted in the ship's bow tearing off, rupturing the forward storage tanks and causing an oil spill initially estimated at 2.9 million gallons. At the time it was the worst oil spill to have occurred in Australian waters. The vessel remained afloat and traveled north to the waters off Cape Preston where oil remaining in the vessel was to be recovered. The incident was the subject of the"
"Gulf War oil spill The Gulf War oil spill was one of the largest oil spills in history, resulting from the Gulf War in 1991. The apparent strategic goal was to foil a potential landing by US Marines. It also made commandeering oil reserves dangerous for US forces as visibility and movement were inhibited. The immediate reports from Baghdad said that American air strikes had caused a discharge of oil from two tankers. Coalition forces determined the main source of oil to be the Sea Island terminal in Kuwait. On January 26, three US F-117 fighter-bombers destroyed pipelines to prevent"
"oil spill in history. The spill is considered the largest inland spill in history. Mingbulak oil spill The Mingbulak oil spill also known as the Fergana Valley oil spill was the worst terrestrial oil spill in the history of Asia. The oil spill was caused by a blowout on March 2, 1992 at the Mingbulak oil field in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan at well #5. The Crude oil released from the well burned for two months. The blowout resulted in the release of to per day. In total, were collected behind emergency dykes. The oil stopped flowing by itself. A"
"Mingbulak oil spill The Mingbulak oil spill also known as the Fergana Valley oil spill was the worst terrestrial oil spill in the history of Asia. The oil spill was caused by a blowout on March 2, 1992 at the Mingbulak oil field in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan at well #5. The Crude oil released from the well burned for two months. The blowout resulted in the release of to per day. In total, were collected behind emergency dykes. The oil stopped flowing by itself. A total of 285,000 tons of oil were released, and it was the fifth largest"
"famous Clarke & Dawe sketch, ""The Front Fell Off"" from ""A Current Affair"". Kirki (tanker) The Kirki was a 210 metre long Greek-registered oil tanker which caught fire on 21 July 1991, 30 km west of the fishing town of Cervantes, Western Australia. The fire resulted in the ship's bow tearing off, rupturing the forward storage tanks and causing an oil spill initially estimated at 2.9 million gallons. At the time it was the worst oil spill to have occurred in Australian waters. The vessel remained afloat and traveled north to the waters off Cape Preston where oil remaining in"
"on the 16 of November 1987. Next voyage vas planned from Odessa to Vietnam again. On December 19, 1989, the Iranian tanker ""Khark 5"" bound for refineries in Northern Europe exploded and caught fire approximately 400 miles north of the Canary Islands. An estimated 452,400 barrels (19 million gallons) of the 1,714,300 barrels (72 million gallons) on board spilled into the sea. The 35 crew members were rescued by the passing Soviet vessel ""Sarny"". Ocean currents carried the abandoned vessel south towards the Canary Islands. The ""Khark 5"" was sinking. On December 20, 1989, Wednesday, ""Los Angeles Times"" wrote: MS"
"modern oil tankers must be considered something of a threat to the environment. An oil tanker can carry of crude oil, or . This is more than six times the amount spilled in the widely known ""Exxon Valdez"" incident. In this spill, the ship ran aground and dumped of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers, over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters, and immense numbers of fish were killed. The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation has researched 9,351 accidental spills since 1974. According to this study, most spills result from routine operations"
"Torrey Canyon oil spill The ""Torrey Canyon"" oil spill was one of the world's most serious oil spills. The supertanker ran aground on a reef off the south-west coast of the United Kingdom in 1967, spilling an estimated 25–36 million gallons (94–164 million litres) of crude oil. Attempts to mitigate the damage included the bombing of the wreck by aircraft from the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force, causing a potential international incident, as the ship was not British, and was in international waters. Hundreds of miles of coastline in Britain, France, Guernsey, and Spain were affected by the oil"
"Jakob Maersk oil spill The Jakob Maersk was an oil tanker registered in Denmark that struck a sand bank on January 29, 1975 while entering the port of Leixões, Portugal, causing a major oil spill. Built in 1966, the tanker was owned by Maerskline Navigation Company, a subsidiary of A.P. Moller, and contracted by Shell Oil Company consisting of a crew of seventeen at the time of the accident. Seven of those seventeen crew members died during the explosion. ""Jakob Maersk"" was carrying 88,000 tons of crude oil from Kharg Island in Iran while entering the Port of Leixões in"
"1989 Narragansett Bay oil spill On June 23, 1989, several hundred thousand gallons of fuel oil were spilled at the mouth of the Narragansett Bay in Rhode Island after the tanker MV ""World Prodigy"" ran aground on a reef near Aquidneck Island. ""World Prodigy"", a long ship operated by Ballard Shipping under the Greek flag, was inbound to Providence and Tiverton, Rhode Island when at about 16:40 local time she ran aground on Brenton Reef, about offshore from Brenton Point State Park, after passing the wrong side of a buoy marking the channel. She had a cargo of about 8.1"
"MV Pacific Mariner MV ""Pacific Mariner, formerly MV ""Pacific Adventurer, is a 1123 TEU geared multi-purpose container ship that gained notoriety after causing Queensland's largest oil spill on the east coast of Australia in March 2009. The ship is owned by Swire Shipping and registered in Hong Kong. She has also sailed under the names, Pacific Challenger, and Changsa. As MV ""Pacific Adventurer"", the vessel was sailing from Newscastle to the Port of Brisbane. During rough seas created by Cyclone Hamish 230 tonnes of fuel oil, 30 tonnes of other fuel and 31 shipping containers (620 tonnes) of ammonium nitrate"
"to pay $25 million compensation. Totals costs for cleaning up after the spill reached $34 million. MV Pacific Mariner MV ""Pacific Mariner, formerly MV ""Pacific Adventurer, is a 1123 TEU geared multi-purpose container ship that gained notoriety after causing Queensland's largest oil spill on the east coast of Australia in March 2009. The ship is owned by Swire Shipping and registered in Hong Kong. She has also sailed under the names, Pacific Challenger, and Changsa. As MV ""Pacific Adventurer"", the vessel was sailing from Newscastle to the Port of Brisbane. During rough seas created by Cyclone Hamish 230 tonnes of"
"increased scientific knowledge on the specific effects of oil pollution toxicity to marine fish. Focused research on oil pollution toxicity to fish began in earnest in 1989, after the ""Exxon Valdez"" tanker struck a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska and spilled approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the surrounding water. At the time, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was the largest in the history of the United States. There were many adverse ecological impacts of the spill including the loss of the loss of billions of Pacific herring and pink salmon eggs. Pacific herring were just beginning"
"their actions. The Coast Guard searched unsuccessfully for the remaining crew until their efforts were called off on 10 December. The ship had been carrying a significant amount of fuel, so there were fears that ""Selendang Ayu"" could create the worst Alaskan oil spill since ""Exxon Valdez"". One tank containing of fuel ruptured when the ship broke apart. It is estimated that of heavy bunker C fuel oil and of diesel fuel was on board when she grounded. Ultimately, of bunker oil and diesel spilled, which is about 2.9% of the volume of crude oil spilled from ""Exxon Valdez"". The"
"MV Sea Star Sea Star was a supertanker that spilled some 115,000 tons of crude oil into the Gulf of Oman on December 19, 1972, after colliding with the Brazilian tanker ""Horta Barbosa"". After the collision both vessels caught fire and were abandoned by their crews. Twelve of the crew members died in the fire, which burned for five days. Recovery of ""Sea Star"" was attempted before the fires on board were extinguished, but following several explosions the vessel sank in the Persian Gulf on December 24, 1972. The first ship on the scene was the United States Navy destroyer"
"and other substances used in an effort to mitigate damage. At the time, it was the world's worst oil spill, and led to significant changes in maritime law and oil spill responses. It remains the worst spill in UK history. When laid down in the United States in 1959, ""Torrey Canyon"" had a capacity of 60,000 tons; the ship was later enlarged to 120,000 tons in Japan. She was named for a geographical feature in California. At the time of the accident, ""Torrey Canyon"" was registered in Liberia and owned by Barracuda Tanker Corporation, a subsidiary of Union Oil Company"
"tons) of light crude oil from Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia and Kharg Island, Iran. Severe weather resulted in the complete breakup of the ship before any oil could be pumped out of the wreck, resulting in her entire cargo of crude oil (belonging to Shell) and 4,000 tons of fuel oil being spilled into the sea.The US NOAA estimates that the total oil spill amounted to 220,880 metric tonnes of oil. Amoco Cadiz Amoco Cadiz was a very large crude carrier (VLCC) owned by Amoco Transport Corp and transporting crude oil for Shell Oil. Operating under the Liberian flag of"
"SS Atlantic Empress SS ""Atlantic Empress"" was a Greek oil tanker that in 1979 collided with the oil tanker ""Aegean Captain"" in the Caribbean, and eventually sank, having created the fifth largest oil spill on record and the largest ship-based spill. The ""Atlantic Empress"" was a large crude oil carrier built at the ""Odense Staalskibsværft"" shipyard in Odense, Denmark, and launched on 16 February 1974. At the time of her sinking she was owned by the South Gulf Shipping Company of Greece, and flagged in Liberia. On 19 July 1979 ""Atlantic Empress"" collided with the ""Aegean Captain"", another fully laden"
"Finally, on 3 August, the ""Empress"" sank, having spilled 287,000 metric tonnes of crude oil into the Caribbean Sea. By comparison, in the ""Exxon Valdez"" spill ten years later only 37,000 metric tonnes of oil was released. SS Atlantic Empress SS ""Atlantic Empress"" was a Greek oil tanker that in 1979 collided with the oil tanker ""Aegean Captain"" in the Caribbean, and eventually sank, having created the fifth largest oil spill on record and the largest ship-based spill. The ""Atlantic Empress"" was a large crude oil carrier built at the ""Odense Staalskibsværft"" shipyard in Odense, Denmark, and launched on 16"
"1969 Santa Barbara oil spill The Santa Barbara oil spill occurred in January and February 1969 in the Santa Barbara Channel, near the city of Santa Barbara in Southern California. It was the largest oil spill in United States waters by that time, and now ranks third after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 1989 Exxon Valdez spills. It remains the largest oil spill to have occurred in the waters off California. The source of the spill was a blow-out on January 28, 1969, from the coast on Union Oil's Platform A in the Dos Cuadras Offshore Oil Field. Within a"
"the platform since Unocal sold its Santa Barbara Channel operations in 1996. 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill The Santa Barbara oil spill occurred in January and February 1969 in the Santa Barbara Channel, near the city of Santa Barbara in Southern California. It was the largest oil spill in United States waters by that time, and now ranks third after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 1989 Exxon Valdez spills. It remains the largest oil spill to have occurred in the waters off California. The source of the spill was a blow-out on January 28, 1969, from the coast on Union"
"March 1987 in Operation Earnest Will. Neutral tankers shipping to Iran were unsurprisingly not protected by Earnest Will, resulting in reduced foreign tanker traffic to Iran, since they risked Iraqi air attack. Iran accused the United States of helping Iraq. During the course of the war, Iran attacked two Soviet Navy ships which were protecting Kuwaiti tankers. ""Seawise Giant"", the largest ship ever built, was struck and damaged by Iraqi Exocet missiles as it was carrying Iranian crude oil out of the Gulf. Meanwhile, Iraq's air force also began carrying out strategic bombing raids against Iranian cities. While Iraq had"
"1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill The 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill occurred when two Standard Oil Company of California tankers, the ""Arizona Standard"" and the ""Oregon Standard"", collided on January 19, 1971, in the San Francisco Bay. The resulting 800,000 gallon spill, the largest in Bay Area history, threatened sensitive natural habitats both inside and outside the bay, including the Bolinas Lagoon, and contributed to the growth of activism against pollution, after thousands of bay area residents volunteered to clean up beaches and rescue oil soaked birds. A number of environmental organizations had their origins in the spill"
"and hence was unable to carry out a timely turn to go through the shipping channel. The wreck lies at a depth of . SS Torrey Canyon SS ""Torrey Canyon"" was an LR2 Suezmax class oil tanker with a cargo capacity of 120,000 tons of crude oil. She was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, England, on 18 March 1967, causing an environmental disaster. At that time she was the largest vessel ever to be wrecked. When laid down by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in the United States in 1959, she had a capacity of 60,000"
"Aegean Sea tanker oil spill The ""Aegean Sea"" tanker oil spill was a spill that occurred on 3 December 1992 when the double-bottomed Greek-flagged oil tanker, ""Aegean Sea"", en route to the Repsol refinery in A Coruña, Spain, suffered an accident off the Galician coast. The ship had successfully passed all required tests and revisions. The accident occurred during extreme weather conditions and affected the Galician coast resulting in ecosystem damage, as well as damage to the fishing and tourist industries in A Coruña. The captain and pilot were found to be criminally liable and the shipowner took on much"
"earthquake came of this event. 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill The 1971 San Francisco Bay oil spill occurred when two Standard Oil Company of California tankers, the ""Arizona Standard"" and the ""Oregon Standard"", collided on January 19, 1971, in the San Francisco Bay. The resulting 800,000 gallon spill, the largest in Bay Area history, threatened sensitive natural habitats both inside and outside the bay, including the Bolinas Lagoon, and contributed to the growth of activism against pollution, after thousands of bay area residents volunteered to clean up beaches and rescue oil soaked birds. A number of environmental organizations had"