"description, Johann Reinhold Forster, a naturalist who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook, mistakenly assumed that the species occurred in Papua New Guinea. Gentoos reach a height of , making them the third-largest species of penguin after the emperor penguin and the king penguin. Males have a maximum weight of about just before molting, and a minimum weight of about just before mating. For females, the maximum weight is just before molting, but their weight drops to as little as when guarding the chicks in the nest. Birds from the north are on average heavier and taller than"
"Palaeospheniscus wimani The extinct penguin Palaeospheniscus wimani is a member of the genus ""Palaeospheniscus"", which belonged to the prehistoric subfamily Palaeospheniscinae. It was the largest member of its genus, being just as large as the Magellanic penguin of today (to which it is quite unrelated). A fairly large number of fossil bones has been found, some of which are tentatively assigned to this species. They are from the Early Miocene Gaiman Formation. The specimens from known localities were collected near Trelew and Gaiman in Chubut Province, Argentina. As there is not much notable difference apart from size, this species is"
"Palaeeudyptinae The giant penguins, Palaeeudyptinae, are an extinct subfamily of penguins. It includes several genera of medium-sized to very large species – including ""Palaeeudyptes marplesi"", the 1.5 meter tall ""Icadyptes salasi"", ""Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi"" which grew tall or even larger, and the massive ""Pachydyptes ponderosus"" which weighed at least as much as an adult human male. They belonged to an evolutionary lineage more primitive than modern penguins. In some taxa at least, the wing, while already having lost the avian feathering, had not yet transformed into the semi-rigid flipper found in modern penguin species: While the ulna and the radius were"
"Kumimanu Kumimanu biceae is an extinct species of giant penguin, which lived around 60 to 56 million years ago. The species arose after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. Fossils were found in New Zealand, and the discovery was announced in December 2017. The Sphenisciformes order refers to all living and extinct penguin species. In 2017 an article on one of the largest and oldest species of the order herewith discovered was published. It was discovered at Hampden Beach in the Otago region of New Zealand. This organism is named ""Kumimanu biceae"", of which the genus name translates from Maori"
"the remainder being placed in the Anthropornithidae. The arrangement followed here is based on the review of Marples (1962) who synonymized the two, with updates to incorporate more current findings. Palaeeudyptinae The giant penguins, Palaeeudyptinae, are an extinct subfamily of penguins. It includes several genera of medium-sized to very large species – including ""Palaeeudyptes marplesi"", the 1.5 meter tall ""Icadyptes salasi"", ""Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi"" which grew tall or even larger, and the massive ""Pachydyptes ponderosus"" which weighed at least as much as an adult human male. They belonged to an evolutionary lineage more primitive than modern penguins. In some taxa at"
"Penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch while swimming underwater. They spend roughly half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea. Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere,"
"Emperor penguin The emperor penguin (""Aptenodytes forsteri"") is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica. The male and female are similar in plumage and size, reaching in height and weighing from . The dorsal side and head are black and sharply delineated from the white belly, pale-yellow breast and bright-yellow ear patches. Like all penguins it is flightless, with a streamlined body, and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine habitat. Its diet consists primarily of fish, but can also include crustaceans, such as krill, and cephalopods, such as squid. In"
"and the size range, an estimated 85–120 cm, is in the upper range of the variation found in modern penguins, it is probable that ""A. lopdelli"" is a synonym of ""A. lowelli"". As the recent finds in Antarctica suggest, this is far from certain, however, and there remains much to be learned about the systematics and biogeography of the two larger ""Archaeospheniscus"" species. The species' binomen honors J. C. Lopdell, who assisted Marples in recovering the fossils of this bird and others found in the Duntroon excavations. Archaeospheniscus lopdelli Archaeospheniscus lopdelli was the largest species of the extinct penguin genus"
"species, ""M. waitaha"", was discovered in 2008.) Previously thought closely related to the little penguin (""Eudyptula minor""), new molecular research has shown it more closely related to penguins of the genus ""Eudyptes"". Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests it split from the ancestors of ""Eudyptes"" around 15 million years ago. The yellow-eyed penguin was described by Jacques Bernard Hombron and Honoré Jacquinot in 1841. The Māori name is ""hoiho"". This is a mid-sized penguin, measuring long (fourth largest penguin). Weights vary through the year being greatest, 5.5 to 8 kg (12–18 lbs), just before moulting and least, 3 to 6"
"(""Mulleripicus pulverulentus""). The largest-known parrot is the extinct Norfolk Island kaka (""Nestor productus""), about long. The largest-known penguin of all time was ""Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi"" of New Zealand and Antarctica. It stood in height and was in weight. Similar in size were the New Zealand giant penguin (""Pachydyptes pondeorsus"") with a height of and weighing possibly around and over, and ""Icadyptes salasi"" at tall. The largest-known owl of all time was the Cuban ""Ornimegalonyx"" at tall probably exceeding . The largest-known amphibian of all time was the long temnospondyli ""Prionosuchus"". Another huge temnospondyli was ""Koolasuchus"" at long, but only high. The"
"Icadyptes Icadyptes is an extinct genus of giant penguins from the Late Eocene tropics of South America. The genus name is a combination of """"Ica"""" for the Peruvian region where the type species was found and ""dyptes"" from the Greek word for diver. The species epithet ""salasi"" refers to Rodolfo Salas, a noted Peruvian paleontologist. Standing about tall, the penguin was much larger than any of its modern-day cousins, yet ""Icadyptes salasi"" is merely the third largest penguin ever described. It had an exceptionally long spear-like beak resembling that of a heron. The researchers who discovered the penguins believe the"
"sometimes considered a synonym of ""Palaeospheniscus patagonicus"". Carl Wiman is honored by the binomen ""wimani"". He was one of the foremost researcher of prehistoric penguins in the early 20th century. Palaeospheniscus wimani The extinct penguin Palaeospheniscus wimani is a member of the genus ""Palaeospheniscus"", which belonged to the prehistoric subfamily Palaeospheniscinae. It was the largest member of its genus, being just as large as the Magellanic penguin of today (to which it is quite unrelated). A fairly large number of fossil bones has been found, some of which are tentatively assigned to this species. They are from the Early Miocene"
"Archaeospheniscus lopdelli Archaeospheniscus lopdelli was the largest species of the extinct penguin genus ""Archaeospheniscus"", standing about 90–120 cm high, or somewhat less than the extant emperor penguin. It is only known from bones of a single individual (Otago Museum C.47.21) which was found in the Late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand Formation (27-28 MYA) at Duntroon, New Zealand. Bones apparently belonging to this species are now also known from the Late Eocene La Meseta Formation (34-37 MYA) on Seymour Island, Antarctica (Tambussi ""et al."", 2006). As the bird is not very well distinguished except in size from its contemporary congener ""Archaeospheniscus lowei"""
"Magellanic penguin The Magellanic penguin (""Spheniscus magellanicus"") is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil where they are occasionally seen as far north as Rio de Janeiro. It is the most numerous of the ""Spheniscus"" penguins. Its nearest relatives are the African, the Humboldt penguin and the Galápagos penguins. The Magellanic penguin was named after Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who spotted the birds in 1520. The species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN. Magellanic penguins are medium-sized penguins which grow to be tall and weigh between ."
"Palaeeudyptes Palaeeudyptes is an extinct genus of large penguins, currently containing four accepted species. They were probably larger than almost all living penguins, with the smaller species being about the size of an emperor penguin and the largest ones having stood about 2 meters tall. Of the four species, two (""P. gunnari"" and ""P. klekowskii"") are known from numerous remains found in Middle or Late Eocene strata (34 to 50 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. ""P. antarcticus"", the first fossil penguin described, is only really known from a single incomplete tarsometatarsus found in the Late"
"penguins in the way they lived. However, these “monster birds” were likely able to consume larger prey due to their size. Kumimanu Kumimanu biceae is an extinct species of giant penguin, which lived around 60 to 56 million years ago. The species arose after the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs. Fossils were found in New Zealand, and the discovery was announced in December 2017. The Sphenisciformes order refers to all living and extinct penguin species. In 2017 an article on one of the largest and oldest species of the order herewith discovered was published. It was discovered at Hampden Beach"
"Humboldt penguin The Humboldt penguin (""Spheniscus humboldti"") (also termed Peruvian penguin, or patranca) is a South American penguin that breeds in coastal Chile and Peru. Its nearest relatives are the African penguin, the Magellanic penguin and the Galápagos penguin. The penguin is named after the cold water current it swims in, which is itself named after Alexander von Humboldt, an explorer. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Humboldt penguins are medium-sized penguins, growing to long and a weight of 3.6-5.9 kg (8-13 lbs). They have a black head with a white border that runs from behind the"
"that it split off from a branch which led to all other living penguin species. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests this split occurred around 40 million years ago. Adult emperor penguins stand up to tall. The weight ranges from and varies by sex, with males weighing more than females. It is the fifth heaviest living bird species, after only the larger varieties of ratite. The weight also varies by season, as both male and female penguins lose substantial mass while raising hatchlings and incubating their egg. A male emperor penguin must withstand the Antarctic cold for more than two"
"the greatest diversity occurring around New Zealand and surrounding islands. Their breeding displays and behaviours are generally more complex than other penguin species. Both male and female parents take shifts incubating eggs and young. Crested penguins lay two eggs, but almost always raise only one young successfully. All species exhibit the odd phenomenon of ""egg-size dimorphism"" in breeding; the first egg (or A-egg) laid is substantially smaller than the second egg (B-egg). This is most extreme in the macaroni penguin, where the first egg averages only 60% the size of the second. The reason for this is a mystery remains"
"550 pairs of gentoo penguins. Gourdin Island Gourdin Island is the largest island (124 ha) in a group of islands and rocks north of Prime Head, the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. It was discovered by a French expedition, 1837–40, under Captain Jules Dumont d'Urville, and named by him for Ensign Jean Gourdin of the expedition ship ""Astrolabe"". The island was reidentified and charted by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1945–47. The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports a large breeding colony of about 14,000 pairs of Adélie"
"described as hailing from the Falklands. Opus was a comical, ""existentialist"" penguin character in the cartoons ""Bloom County"", ""Outland"" and ""Opus"". He was also the star in the Christmas show ""A Wish for Wings That Work"". In the mid-2000s, penguins became one of the most publicized species of animals that form lasting homosexual couples. A children's book, ""And Tango Makes Three"", was written about one such penguin family in the New York Zoo. Penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the Galapagos"
"Macaroni penguin The macaroni penguin (""Eudyptes chrysolophus"") is a species of penguin found from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. One of six species of crested penguin, it is very closely related to the royal penguin, and some authorities consider the two to be a single species. It bears a distinctive yellow crest, and the face and upperparts are black and sharply delineated from the white underparts. Adults weigh on average and are in length. The male and female are similar in appearance; the male is slightly larger and stronger with a relatively larger bill. Like all penguins, it is"
"barbed-wire fence into the bay. The penguin, known only by its number (337), was recaptured by the zoo keepers in late May 2012. Humboldt penguin The Humboldt penguin (""Spheniscus humboldti"") (also termed Peruvian penguin, or patranca) is a South American penguin that breeds in coastal Chile and Peru. Its nearest relatives are the African penguin, the Magellanic penguin and the Galápagos penguin. The penguin is named after the cold water current it swims in, which is itself named after Alexander von Humboldt, an explorer. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Humboldt penguins are medium-sized penguins, growing to"
"example, around 10 known species of penguins ranging in size from medium to huge apparently coexisted some 35 mya during the Priabonian (Late Eocene). It is not even known whether the gigantic palaeeudyptines constitute a monophyletic lineage, or whether gigantism was evolved independently in a much restricted Palaeeudyptinae and the Anthropornithinae – whether they were considered valid, or whether there was a wide size range present in the Palaeeudyptinae as delimited as usually done these days (i.e., including ""Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi""). The oldest well-described giant penguin, the -tall ""Icadyptes salasi"", actually occurred as far north as northern Peru about 36 mya."
"originated in South America, even though the oldest fossils assigned to the taxon are from Antarctica. The oldest ""Spheniscus"" fossils are also the oldest penguin fossils from Antarctica. African, Humboldt, and Magellanic penguins all live in temperate climates. The African penguin lives in South Africa, the Humboldt penguin lives in coastal Peru and Chile while the Magellanic penguin lives in coastal Chile, Argentina, and the Falkland Islands. Humboldt and Magellanic penguins are partially sympatric, since their ranges overlap in southern Chile. The Galápagos penguin is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, making it the most northerly of all penguin species. Banded"
"The children's book ""And Tango Makes Three"" was written based on this event. Chinstrap penguin The chinstrap penguin (""Pygoscelis antarcticus"") is a species of penguin which inhabits a variety of islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Ocean. Its name derives from the narrow black band under its head which makes it appear as if it were wearing a black helmet, making it one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other common names are ""ringed penguin"", ""bearded penguin"", and ""stonecracker penguin"" due to its loud, harsh call. Chinstrap penguins have an average body length of"
"King penguin The king penguin (""Aptenodytes patagonicus"") is a large species of penguin, second only to the emperor penguin in size. There are two subspecies: ""A. p. patagonicus"" and ""A. p. halli""; ""patagonicus"" is found in the South Atlantic and ""halli"" found at the Kerguelen Islands and Crozet Island, Prince Edward Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, and Macquarie Island. King penguins eat small fish, mainly lanternfish, squid and krill. On foraging trips king penguins repeatedly dive to over , and have been recorded at depths greater than . King penguins breed on the subantarctic islands at the northern reaches"
"penguins in different areas. Northern Penguins begin the mating process two months earlier than Southern ones. Two eggs are usually laid a few days apart during early November in hope that at least one will survive, and the second egg is usually larger than the first. They will use the same nest as they did in previous years as well. Eggs hatch about a month later and the mother will have food for the chick. There are currently 19 species and six genera of living penguins. The rockhopper penguin has 3 subspecies: ""Eudyptes filholi"", the Eastern Rockhopper; ""Eudyptes mosleyi"", the"
"Archaeospheniscus Archaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of large penguins. It currently contains three species, known from somewhat fragmentary remains. ""A. wimani"", the smallest species (about the size of a gentoo penguin), was found in Middle or Late Eocene strata (34-50 MYA) of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica, whereas the other two, about the size of a modern emperor penguin, are known from bones recovered from the Late Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand Formation (27-28 MYA) at Duntroon, New Zealand. The genus is one of the earliest known primitive penguins. Its humerus is still very slender, between the form seen"
"underlying serious environmental message of threats from global warming and depletion of food sources by overfishing. The computer-animated movie ""Surf's Up"" (2007) features a surfing emperor penguin named Zeke ""Big-Z"" Topanga. More than 30 countries have depicted the bird on their stamps – Australia, Great Britain, Chile and France have each issued several. It has also been depicted on a 1962 10 franc stamp as part of an Antarctic expedition series. Canadian band The Tragically Hip composed the song ""Emperor Penguin"" for their 1998 album ""Phantom Power"". Emperor penguin The emperor penguin (""Aptenodytes forsteri"") is the tallest and heaviest of"
"Rockhopper penguin The rockhopper penguins are three closely related taxa of crested penguins that have been traditionally treated as a single species and are sometimes split into three species. Not all experts agree on the classification of these penguins. Some consider all three as distinct species, some split the western and eastern forms into the southern rockhopper penguin and keep the northern rockhopper as distinct, while other experts consider all three potential varieties to be one species. Rockhopper penguins are among the smaller species of penguin. They range from 3 inches to 6 where males are larger than females. After"
"Kairuku grebneffi Kairuku grebneffi is an extinct species of giant penguin. It is among the tallest and heaviest penguins attested to, weighing 50% more than modern emperor penguins. The species is marked by a slender body and long, slender bill. ""K. grebneffi"" lived in what is now New Zealand during the late Oligocene, going extinct around 25 million years ago. Bones of the species were first discovered in 1977, but it was not classified as a distinct species until 2012. ""Kairuku grebneffi"" were nearly long and stood tall. Adult individuals weighed an estimated , 50% more than modern emperor penguins."
"a foraging trip is spent diving. Birds have been calculated as catching from 4 to 16 krill or 40 to 50 amphipods per dive. Macaroni penguin The macaroni penguin (""Eudyptes chrysolophus"") is a species of penguin found from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula. One of six species of crested penguin, it is very closely related to the royal penguin, and some authorities consider the two to be a single species. It bears a distinctive yellow crest, and the face and upperparts are black and sharply delineated from the white underparts. Adults weigh on average and are in length. The"