"article for the Journal of Education in 1888, Edith Wilson states: ""There are five, and only five, universities in England. (I begin by starting this explicitly because the name University College so often misleads even those familiar with the language of the educational world.) These five are Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, London, and Victoria."" However, UCL still does not have official university status, as it is a college of the University of London, but it is considered to be effectively an independent university by, e.g., the Russell Group. Its claim to be the third oldest university rests on its ""de facto"""
"University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two 'ancient universities' are frequently jointly referred to as 'Oxbridge'. The history and influence of the"
"University of Cambridge The University of Cambridge (formally The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge) is a collegiate public research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209 and granted a Royal Charter by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university. The university grew out of an association of scholars who left the University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople. The two medieval universities share many common features and are often referred to jointly as 'Oxbridge'. The history and influence of the University"
"university lists. An objection specific to King's College is that it only claims to be ""the fourth oldest [university] in England"" in its 2008 annual report and on its website, and states in some of its course brochures that ""The University of London is the third oldest university in England, being the first to be established after Oxford and Cambridge."" The title of third oldest university is, however, claimed for King's College by student papers and societies. In a podcast on the King's College website, Arthur Burns (Professor of Modern History at King's) describes UCL and King's College as the"
"Oxford–Cambridge rivalry Rivalry between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is a phenomenon going back many centuries. During most of that time, they were the only two universities in England and Wales, making the rivalry more intense than it is now. The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, sometimes collectively known as ""Oxbridge"", are the two oldest universities in the United Kingdom. Both were founded more than 800 years ago, and between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers and politicians, as well as noted figures in many other fields. Yet for"
"there is a designated Access Officer in every JCR and students' union. Oxford–Cambridge rivalry Rivalry between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is a phenomenon going back many centuries. During most of that time, they were the only two universities in England and Wales, making the rivalry more intense than it is now. The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, sometimes collectively known as ""Oxbridge"", are the two oldest universities in the United Kingdom. Both were founded more than 800 years ago, and between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers and"
"Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau of ""Oxford"" and ""Cambridge"", the two oldest, most prestigious, and highly-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism. The Sutton Trust maintains that Oxford University and Cambridge University recruit disproportionately from 8 schools which accounted for 1,310 Oxbridge places during three years, contrasted with 1,220 from 2,900 other schools. Although both universities were founded more than eight centuries ago, the term ""Oxbridge"""
"the third university institution to receive a Royal Charter (1829). Others have also been named based on different criteria. Deciding which is truly the ""third oldest university"" depends largely on the definition of university status and how this is applied historically. Following the establishment of Oxford University (by 1167) and Cambridge University (1209), a third university was founded in Northampton in 1261, building on an earlier ""studium"". However, Henry III abolished it on 1 February 1265 following the siege of Northampton in 1264, and to protect the interests of Oxford. This was followed by an attempt by rebels from Brasenose"
"""Loxbridge"" (referring to London, Oxford, and Cambridge) is also sometimes used, and was also adopted as the name of the Ancient History conference now known as ""AMPAH"". Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau of ""Oxford"" and ""Cambridge"", the two oldest, most prestigious, and highly-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism. The Sutton Trust maintains that Oxford University and Cambridge University recruit disproportionately from 8 schools which accounted"
"Oxford (founded c. 1096–1201), Cambridge (c. 1201), London (1836), Durham (1832), Victoria (1880), and Wales (1893). The Victoria University was established in Manchester in 1880 as a federal university in the North of England, instead of the government elevating Owens College to a university and grant it a royal charter. Owens College was the sole college of Victoria University from 1880 to 1884; in 1887 Yorkshire College was the third to join the university. In 1831, the Leeds School of Medicine was established with the aim of serving the needs of the five medical institutions which had been established in"
"oldest rather than Oxford (charter 1248) and moves St Andrews (charter 1532) down to third oldest in Scotland, behind Glasgow (charter 1453) and Aberdeen (charter 1495). Related to this is the fact that most British universities have been created under acts of parliament (particularly the Further and Higher Education Act 1992) rather than by royal charter, and so would be missing entirely from an ordering drawn up by royal charter. While this does not entirely invalidate London's claim, it means that the critical question (besides whether official status should be the deciding factor at all) is whether Durham gained official"
"in England for their institute. In more recent publications, the claim was instead made that UCL was ""the first university to be founded in London"", avoiding explicit conflict with Durham's claim although maintaining the argument with KCL and the University of London. This claim still implied that UCL should be considered a university from 1826, and thus could be considered an implicit claim to be the third oldest university in England. It has, however, been dropped from the prospectus for 2019 entry although it appears on the UCL website. The situation is further confounded by the fact that (unlike London"
"Durham University Durham University (legally the University of Durham) is a collegiate public research university in Durham, North East England, founded by an Act of Parliament in 1832 and incorporated by royal charter in 1837. It was one of the first universities to commence tuition in England for more than 600 years, after Oxford and Cambridge, and is one of the institutions (along with University College London, King's College London, and the University of London) to be described as the third-oldest university in England. As a collegiate university its main functions are divided between the academic departments of the university"
"of London in 1836. Neither Oxford nor Cambridge, the oldest two universities in England (founded pre-1116 and in 1209 respectively) were founded by Act of Parliament or Royal Charter (Charters were bestowed on Oxford and Cambridge in 1248 and 1231 respectively, although neither is still in force), and both owe their incorporation to an act of parliament in 1571. No university in Britain was founded by grant of a royal charter to the institution prior to London in 1836. From 1836 to 1992, in contrast, only one university (Newcastle, established by Act of Parliament) was not founded by royal charter."
"18% of those over 16. England has the two oldest universities in English-speaking world, Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (jointly known as ""Oxbridge"") with history of over eight centuries. Since the establishment of Bedford College (London), Girton College (Cambridge) and Somerville College (Oxford) in the 19th century, women also can obtain a university degree. Scotland Education in Scotland is the responsibility of the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning, with day-to-day administration and funding of state schools the responsibility of Local Authorities. Two non-departmental public bodies have key roles in Scottish education. The Scottish Qualifications Authority is responsible for"
"no universities in Northern England. The first was the University of Durham, founded in 1832 and sometimes counted with the ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge, although it post-dates them by many centuries. The next universities built in the North were part of the wave of redbrick universities of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Today, there are seven Northern institutions in the Russell Group of leading research universities: Durham, the redbricks of Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle and Sheffield and the later plate glass university of York. These universities, together with plate-glass Lancaster, form the N8 Research Partnership. There"
"Oxford Oxford ( ) is a city in south central England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With an estimated 2016 population of 170,350, it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is from London, from Bristol, from Southampton, from Birmingham and from Reading. The city is known worldwide as the home of the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Buildings in Oxford demonstrate notable examples of every English architectural period since the late Saxon period. Oxford is known as the ""city"
"institutional ancestry preceding their formation as ""universities"": for example what is now the University of Nottingham can trace some elements back to 1798 but only began university-level teaching with the foundation of the first civic college in 1881 (royal charter as University College Nottingham in 1903), and did not gain University status (via a new royal charter) until 1948. Conversely, King's College London (KCL) was founded after UCL, but received its Royal Charter (granting it legal existence as a corporation) in 1829, before UCL, so arguably is older, leading King's College students to claim the title of third oldest university"
"power to award degrees in its own right in 2005. From 2005, the Institute has branded itself as UCL (rather than University College London) and has used the strapline ""London's Global University"". UCL's foundation date of 1826 makes it the third oldest university institution in England, and it was certainly founded with the intention of it being England's third university, but whether or not UCL is actually the third oldest university in England is questionable: UCL makes this claim on its website, but so do the Universities of London (1836) and Durham (1832). Other higher education institutions in England have"
"professors at Oxford on the matter. The university's name was revived in 2005 when the then University College Northampton, itself an amalgam of earlier institutions, was upgraded to full university status and renamed the University of Northampton. Other than the name and the location in the town, there is no link between the medieval university and the modern university. University of Northampton (13th century) The University of Northampton was based in Northampton, England, from 1261 to 1265. The university was established by royal charter after approval from King Henry III in 1261. It was the third university in England, after"
"rather than universities in the common sense. The University of Cambridge has 31 colleges, founded between the 13th and 20th centuries. No colleges were founded between 1596 (Sidney Sussex College) and 1800 (Downing College), which allows the colleges to be distinguished into two groups according to foundation date: The oldest college is Peterhouse, founded in 1284, and the newest is Robinson, founded in 1977. Homerton, which was first founded in the eighteenth century as a dissenting academy (and later teacher training college), attained full college status in 2010. All 16 of the ""old"" colleges and 7 of the 15 ""new"""
"had been identified and the number continues to rise. Famous literary works range from ""Brideshead Revisited"" by Evelyn Waugh, to the trilogy ""His Dark Materials"" by Philip Pullman, which features an alternate-reality version of the university. Other notable examples include: Notable non-fiction works on Oxford include ""Oxford"" by Jan Morris. University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II"
"University College London UCL (legally University College London) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment, and the largest by postgraduate enrolment. Established in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham, UCL was the first university institution to be established in London, and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion. UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in"
"led to Acts of Parliament in 1854 (for Oxford) and 1856 (for Cambridge) that, among other measures, limited the power of the colleges. Prior to these reforms, however, the first two new universities in England for over 600 years were established, both offering new versions of the collegiate university. The University of Durham was founded in 1832, taking Oxford for its model, and University College, Durham was created at the same time. This college, unlike those of Oxford and Cambridge, was not legally distinct from the university and nor was it responsible for teaching, which was carried out by university"
"be the fourth oldest university in England and by the claim that a charter and legal incorporation are not necessary for a university. If UCL is accepted as being a university from the date of its foundation in 1826, then the claim of King's College London must fail. King's College London was established by Royal Charter on 14 August 1829 as ""King's College, London"", a reaction to UCL with the aim of providing an Anglican education. It was chartered as a college, not a university; the term ""university"" does not appear in the charter. The college opened its doors to"
"Newcastle and Manchester in the 1830s. The debate over which is the oldest of the universities founded in the early 19th century has been going on (originally between London and Durham) since at least the mid 19th century. Durham was referred to as England's third university in 1841. In 1853, however, Lord Brougham secured London's precedence in the Charitable Trusts Act on the grounds of it having the earlier charter; but in the 1858 Medical Act Durham was given precedence. The topic also came up in the House of Commons during a speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer at"
"university; similarly the redbrick universities that, as university colleges, prepared students for University of London External Degrees were not considered colleges of that university. Some universities (e.g. Cardiff University) refer to their academic faculties as ""colleges"", such purely academic subdivisions are not within the scope of this article. The two ancient universities of England, Oxford and Cambridge (collectively termed Oxbridge) both started without colleges (in the late eleventh and early thirteenth century respectively). The first college at Oxford, University College was founded in 1249, and the first at Cambridge, Peterhouse followed in 1284. Over the following centuries, the universities evolved"
"St Mary's University, Twickenham St Mary's University, Twickenham, is a public university located in Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, in South West London. Founded in 1850, it is generally acknowledged to be the oldest Roman Catholic university in the United Kingdom. Formerly called ""St Mary’s University College"", it was granted full university title by the Privy Council on 23 January 2014. The university is built on land previously attached to Strawberry Hill House, which was originally a small cottage in two or of land by the River Thames. Horace Walpole, a son of the politician Robert Walpole, rented the cottage in 1747"
"to whether teaching alone is needed to be considered a university, or whether degree awarding powers and/or incorporation are also required. If it has been a ""de facto"" university since 1826 (or the start of operations in 1828), then it is the third oldest university in England, but if it only gained this status later, or lost it through its merger into the University of London from 1907 to 1977, then one of the other claimants will prevail. The claim of King's College London (KCL) is based on it holding the third oldest royal charter and the third oldest incorporation"
"University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews (; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin ""Sancti Andreae"", in post-nominals) is a British public university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It is the oldest of the four ancient universities of Scotland and the third oldest university in the English-speaking world (following Oxford and Cambridge universities). St Andrews was founded between 1410 and 1413, when the Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII issued a papal bull to a small founding group of Augustinian clergy. St Andrews is made up of a variety of institutions, comprising three colleges – United College (a union"
"who prefer the British legal definition give Durham priority, since it received a royal charter four years before London did and, in any event, a college is not the same as a university."" Yet the essay on London in the same volume, by the same author, states unequivocally: ""Thus the federal university was created as the fourth university in England, just four years after the University of Durham had been founded as the third."" Some historians do, however, follow the first option, naming UCL as the third oldest university. With respect to the second option presented, some historians disagree with"
"marketing. Only the universities of Oxford and Cambridge were significantly more elite than the majority of ""old"" universities when a grouping analysis was performed using data on academic selectivity, research activity, teaching quality, socio-economic exclusivity and economic resources. The other 22 members of the Russell Group sit in a second tier of universities along with 18 other ""old"" universities (University of Aberdeen, University of Bath*, University of Keele, University of Dundee, University of East Anglia*, Goldsmiths*, Heriot-Watt University, University of Kent, Lancaster University*, University of Leicester*, Loughborough University*, University of Reading*, Royal Holloway*, University of St Andrews*, SOAS*, University of"
"end of each issue. Editors have included Peter Bayley, A. D. M. Cox and Leslie Mitchell. ""The Martlet"" is a magazine for members and friends of the College, available in print and online. University College, Oxford University College (in full The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as ""Univ""), is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1249 by William of Durham. As of 2016, the college had an"