In 1990, which was the first UK city to be a European City of Culture?
"outlining key areas of concern and 100 supporting organizations signed on. A city's status as a place of sanctuary is not necessarily a formal governmental designation. The organization City of Sanctuary encourages local grassroots groups throughout the UK and Ireland to build a culture of hospitality towards asylum seekers. Glasgow is a noted sanctuary city in Scotland. In 2000 the city council accepted their first asylum seekers relocated by the Home Office. The Home Office provided funding to support asylum seekers but would also forcibly deport them (""removal seizures"") if it was determined they could not stay in the UK."
"Ben Bradshaw, announced a competition to select the first UK City of Culture in July 2009. The deadline for initial bids was 11 December 2009, with shortlisted cities having until 28 May to make their final bids. A total of 14 cities applied, with four (Birmingham, Derry, Norwich and Sheffield) shortlisted. At a special televised ceremony in Liverpool on 15 July 2010, Culture Minister Ed Vaizey announced that Derry/Londonderry would be the first ever UK City of Culture. The festival was spearheaded by Culture Company 2013 and they branded the city as Derry~Londonderry. After 2013, the next UK City of"
"UK City of Culture The UK City of Culture is a designation given to a city in the United Kingdom for a period of one year. The aim of the initiative, which is administered by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, is to ""build on the success of Liverpool's year as European Capital of Culture 2008, which had significant social and economic benefits for the area"". The inaugural holder of the award was Derry~Londonderry in 2013. In 2017, Kingston upon Hull took over the title. On 7 December 2017 it was declared that Coventry had been chosen to"
"Hull UK City of Culture 2017 The UK City of Culture, active throughout 2017 to the end of 2020, is Hull. UK City of Culture is an event, once every four years, highlighting one location in the UK and promoting arts and culture as a means of celebration and regeneration. The aim of the initiative, which is administered by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, is to ""build on the success of Liverpool's year as European Capital of Culture 2008, which had significant social and economic benefits for the area"". The inaugural holder of the award was Derry~Londonderry in"
"British Council, Pan Am Games, The Mayor of London, United Nations, National Trust, English Heritage, Commonwealth Games 2014, Commonwealth Games 2018, University of Salford Engineering, Warwick University, DFCS, Institute of Physics, Channel 4, Canary Wharf Group, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, The Polish Cultural Institute, University of West of England, BBC Radio 3 and 4. Arts Organisations: European Capital of Culture 2010, European Capital of Culture 2017, Art Centre Melbourne, ROM, Jerwood Centre, De la Warr Pavilion, Compton Verney, NESTA, Site Gallery, Arnolfini, ICA, Watershed, UK City of Culture, RWA, Witte de With, Arts Catalyst, Museum of Glass"
"The choice of Glasgow as European Capital of Culture for 1990 took Edinburgh by surprise and stimulated it to rebrand itself as a city of science, building on the success of a series of big urban developments led by its Economic Development Department. A senior member of the development team, Ian Wall, proposed that Edinburgh should highlight its new image by complementing its world-famous autumn arts festival with a new type of spring event for which he coined the phrase 'science festival'. Reaction was mixed, with some organisations doubting whether science could be packaged in an arts format. Even so,"
"2013–2017. After Derry~Londonderry in 2013, the next UK City of Culture was scheduled for 2017. Officials from Aberdeen stated they would bid for the title, as did officials from Dundee, while local officials from Colchester, Derby, Leicester, Plymouth, Stoke-on-Trent, Swansea, Hull, and York suggested that those cities would bid for the 2017 title. On 18 April 2013, the Hampshire Chamber of Commerce announced that Portsmouth and Southampton were making a joint bid for the 2017 title. There was also a bid from East Kent (Canterbury, Ashford, Folkestone, Dover and Thanet), and another from Hastings and Bexhill-on-Sea, supported by celebrity Graham"
"more than five million people, £220m of investment and 800 new jobs. Hull UK City of Culture 2017 The UK City of Culture, active throughout 2017 to the end of 2020, is Hull. UK City of Culture is an event, once every four years, highlighting one location in the UK and promoting arts and culture as a means of celebration and regeneration. The aim of the initiative, which is administered by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, is to ""build on the success of Liverpool's year as European Capital of Culture 2008, which had significant social and economic benefits"
"announcement of the 2021 UK City of Culture result. There was amazing scenes of jubilation as Coventry was awarded the accolade. Belgrade Theatre The Belgrade Theatre is a live performance venue seating 858 and situated in Coventry, England. It was the first civic theatre to be built after the Second World War in Britain and as such was more than a place of entertainment. It joined the new Coventry Cathedral as a symbol of optimism and culture in one of the largest re-development projects then undertaken, to rebuild the city of Coventry, which had been almost totally destroyed by bombing."
"Culture and was conceived in 1983, by Melina Mercouri, then serving as minister of culture in [Greece]. Mercouri believed that at the time, culture was not given the same attention as politics and economics and a project for promoting European cultures within the member states should be pursued. The European City of Culture programme was launched in the summer of 1985 with Athens being the first title-holder. During the German presidency of 1999, the European City of Culture programme was renamed to European Capital of Culture. A new framework makes it possible for a city in a candidate country or"
"and are now part of the British Museum collection in London. In anticipation of the return of the marbles, she held an international competition for the construction of the New Acropolis Museum, designated to display them and finally established in 2008. One of her greatest achievements was the establishment of the institution of the European Capital of Culture within the framework of cultural policy of the European Union, that she had conceived and proposed in 1983, with Athens inaugurating this institution being the first title-holder in 1985, while she was a devoted supporter of the Athens bid to host the"
"Hull's status as the UK City of Culture attracted more than five million people, £220 million of investment and 800 new jobs. The third UK City of Culture, for 2021, will be Coventry. The result was announced by John Glen in Hull and broadcast live on ""The One Show"" on 7 December 2017. Chelmsford, Luton, Northampton, Southampton and Tees Valley have all expressed interest in bidding for UK City of Culture in 2025. UK City of Culture The UK City of Culture is a designation given to a city in the United Kingdom for a period of one year. The"
"Culture of Liverpool The Culture of Liverpool incorporates a wide range of activities within the city of Liverpool, England. The city is an important centre for culture not just in the north west of England, but also the United Kingdom more broadly. Its contributions to culture internationally were recognised in 2008, when it was named the European Capital of Culture. On 4 June 2003, Liverpool was named a European Capital of Culture for 2008, the other site being Stavanger, Norway. Beryl Bainbridge, one of England's greatest contemporary writers, grew up in Liverpool. Many of her stories are set there. A"
"significance in the rebirth of the city was underlined by the 1990 European City of Culture title bestowed on Glasgow in September 1986. The two events together did much to restore Glasgow to national and international prominence. The festival site covered , including 17 of water, on the south bank of the River Clyde at Plantation Quay in Govan, and also on land reclaimed from the partial filling-in of the Prince's Dock basin. Once the largest dock on the River Clyde when opened in 1900, it had been closed to navigation in the early 1970s with the advent of Containerization."
"as European City of Culture in 1990, and exhibition of his work which accompanied the year-long festival. His enduring popularity since has been fuelled by further exhibitions and books and memorabilia which have illustrated aspects of his life and work. The revival of public interest has led to the refurbishment and opening of more buildings to the public, such as the Willow Tea Rooms in Glasgow and 78 Derngate in Northampton. From the 1990s onwards the Scottish artist Stewart Bowman Johnson, who studied in the Mackintosh building at Glasgow School of Art, produced a series of interpretations of the architect's"
"a larger, decades-long, multibillion-dollar development effort to revitalize the city. The official designation of European Capital of Culture was created in 1985 with the goal of building ties between citizens of the European Union by celebrating both the diversity of European culture and its common history and values. The event is also considered an opportunity for a city or region raise its international profile and to foster urban renewal through investment in culture and tourism. Thus far, more than 40 cities have received the European Capital of Culture designation. The city of Marseille launched its candidacy to host the European"
"study conducted for the Commission, known as the ""Palmer report"", demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city. Consequently, the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities. Bids from five United Kingdom cities to be the 2023 Capital of Culture were disqualified in November 2017, because by 2023 it is expected that the UK will no longer be an EU member The European Capital of Culture programme was initially called the European City of"
"he returned to the City Chambers in 1980. He was council leader of Glasgow Council in the early 1990s and became Lord Provost of the new City Council in 1995, serving until 1999. During this time he did much to promote Glasgow on the national and international stage. He was credited as the driving force behind civic successes such as the 1988 Glasgow Garden Festival, Glasgow becoming European City of Culture in 1990, and European City of Architecture in 1999. He was also played an important role in the creation of the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, which is sometimes dubbed"
"Gerry Murphy, and novelist and poet William Wall. Additions to the arts infrastructure include modern additions to the Crawford Municipal Art Gallery and major renovations to the Cork Opera House in the early 21st century. The Lewis Glucksman Gallery opened in the Autumn of 2004 at UCC, was nominated for the Stirling Prize in the United Kingdom, and the building of a new €60 million School of Music was completed in September 2007. Cork was the European Capital of Culture for 2005, and in 2009 was included in the Lonely Planet's top 10 ""Best in Travel 2010"". The guide described"
"European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension. Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural, social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration, change the city's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale. In 1985, Melina Mercouri, Greece’s minister of culture, and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea"
"Prince’s Dock in Govan. Glasgow was then named European City of Culture in 1990, followed by City of Architecture and Design in 1999 and European Capital of Sport in 2003. Glasgow boasts the largest contemporary arts scene in the UK outside London, which is centred on the annual 'Glasgow International' arts festival. Glasgow was the host city for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, and football events for the 2012 Olympic Games were staged in the city. The city's riverbank has been particularly transformed – from industrial dereliction caused by the decline of shipbuilding into an entertainment and residential centrepiece. The banks"
"industry slumped during the 1970s and 80s, and Coventry saw high unemployment. However in the new millennium the city, along with many others saw significant urban renaissance and in 2017 it was announced that the city had been awarded the title of 2021 UK City of Culture. Little is known of the earliest history of Coventry, but prior to its existence there were settlements in nearby Corley and Baginton, which came to be occupied by the Romans, and later by Saxon invaders. These locations were probably chosen because they lay on early trackways, and were situated on light, easily worked"
"Culture of Sheffield Sheffield has a growing cultural reputation. 7.2% of Sheffield's working population are employed in the creative industries, well above the national average of 4%. The music scene has produced many music acts during the last 25 years. It is also home to the largest theatre complex outside London. The council has attempted to build upon these foundations with the creation of the Cultural Industries Quarter. Sheffield made the shortlist for the first city to be designated UK City of Culture, but in July 2010 it was announced that Derry had been selected. Sheffield has been the home"
"as part of the European Capital of Culture celebrations with over 500 performers from across the UK, Brazil (Mangueira), the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany and Spain taking part. The Parade led to an evening street party held at iconic Liverpool music venue The Picket. A similar event followed on Saturday 1 August in 2009 and at the slightly earlier date of Saturday 17 July in 2010. In 2010, the first Carnival Queen competition was held which went on to become a popular annual fixture in the festival calendar. 2010 Parade Participants: In 2011, it was decided to expand the annual Parade"
"was during the 2004 festival that Yoko Ono's work ""My mother is beautiful"" caused widespread public protest when photographs of a naked woman's pubic area were exhibited on the main shopping street. Despite protests the work remained in place. Culture of Liverpool The Culture of Liverpool incorporates a wide range of activities within the city of Liverpool, England. The city is an important centre for culture not just in the north west of England, but also the United Kingdom more broadly. Its contributions to culture internationally were recognised in 2008, when it was named the European Capital of Culture. On"
"written in blank verse, composed by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, in the 16th century. Today the city is a regional centre for publishing, with 5% of the UK's independent publishing sector based in the city in 2012. In 2006 Norwich became the UK's first City of Refuge, part of the International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN) which promotes free speech. Norwich made the shortlist for the first city to be designated UK City of Culture, but in July 2010 it was announced that Derry had been selected. In May 2012 Norwich was designated as England's first UNESCO City of"
"bolstered by the legacy of the city's Glasgow Garden Festival in 1988, its status as European City of Culture in 1990, and concerted attempts to diversify the city's economy. However, it is the industrial heritage that serves as key tourism enabler. Wider economic revival has persisted and the ongoing regeneration of inner-city areas, including the large-scale Clyde Waterfront Regeneration, has led to more affluent people moving back to live in the centre of Glasgow, fuelling allegations of gentrification. In 2008, the city was listed by Lonely Planet as one of the world's top 10 tourist cities. Despite Glasgow's economic renaissance,"
"European Cultural Month European Cultural Month is an event created by the European Union to promote culture. It is similar to the European City of Culture, but lasting for a shorter time and intended mainly for the Central and Eastern European countries. It was launched in 1990. The event has currently been suspended. It is possible that it may resume, but would only take place in European cities not in countries which are members of the EU, which are therefore ineligible to be nominated as European city of culture. It is not to be confused with European Month of Culture,"
"in each ward has a peace garden dedicated to that twin city. Coventry is now twinned with 26 places across the world: On 7 December 2017 it was announced that the city would be the 2021 UK City of Culture, being the third such place to hold the title after Derry in 2013 and Hull in 2017. During the late-1970s and early 80s, Coventry was the centre of the Two Tone musical phenomenon, with bands such as The Specials and The Selecter coming from the city, spawning several major hit singles and albums. The Specials achieved two UK number 1"
"title of ""The Pilgrim"". Despite the success of the initial performance and subsequent LP release Shaun realised that the work needed a thread to hold it together. It was not until 1990, when Shaun was approached by Glasgow Royal Concert Hall to stage The Pilgrim in Glasgow to mark the passing of the mantle of European City of Culture from Glasgow to Dublin, that he got the chance to address some of these problems. With the commitment to a CD release from Tara Music, he was in a position to add some new pieces (and delete others). He introduced the"
"Ruhr.2010 Ruhr.2010 – Kulturhauptstadt Europas was the name of the campaign in Germany's Ruhr region that earned it recognition as a European Capital of Culture in 2010. This was the first time a region was considered, as Essen represented all 53 towns in the region in the application. Other cultural capitals were in the same year the Hungarian Pécs (Pécs2010) and Istanbul in Turkey, where similar campaigns were held. The Ruhr.2010 campaign included the participation of all cities in the Ruhr area. Apart from Essen, which presented itself all year long, each of the other cities had one week to"
"winner, Vincenzo Nibali of Astana Pro Team. Sheffield made the shortlist for the first city to be designated UK City of Culture, but in July 2010 it was announced that Derry had been selected. The Sheffield Walk of Fame in the City Centre honours famous Sheffield residents past and present in a similar way to the Hollywood version. Sheffield also had its own Ferris Wheel known as the Wheel of Sheffield, located atop Fargate shopping precinct. The Wheel was dismantled in October 2010 and moved to London's Hyde Park. Heeley City Farm and Graves Park are home to Sheffield's two"
"themselves in 2010, in which they became the reigning ""Local Hero"". The participating towns and cities were: The campaign team consisted of well-known personalities in the arts and political world: Ruhr.2010 Ruhr.2010 – Kulturhauptstadt Europas was the name of the campaign in Germany's Ruhr region that earned it recognition as a European Capital of Culture in 2010. This was the first time a region was considered, as Essen represented all 53 towns in the region in the application. Other cultural capitals were in the same year the Hungarian Pécs (Pécs2010) and Istanbul in Turkey, where similar campaigns were held. The"