What term from the Spanish for 'rogue/rascal' describes a genre of fiction that depicts in realistic and often humorous detail the adventures of a roguish hero who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt society?
"fascination with Celtic culture. When Sir Hamilton Harty approached him in 1930 to write a short overture for the Hallé Orchestra , Bax promised him ""Straussian pastiche"", and produced what the composer's biographer, Lewis Foreman calls ""this memorable and high-spirited score complete with lapses into waltz time."" The word ""picaresque"" is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as designating ""a genre of narrative fiction which deals episodically with the adventures of an individual, usually a roguish and dishonest but attractive hero"". Bax wrote, ""This overture does not pretend to be the prelude to any particular play. It is simply a"
"Rogue literature Rogue literature is a literary genre that tells stories from the world of thieves and other criminals that was popular in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. The stories were mostly in a confessional form and full of vivid descriptions. Rogue literature is an important source in understanding the everyday life of the ordinary people and their language, and the language of thieves and beggars. This genre can be related to the stories of Robin Hood and jest book literature, as well as early examples of the first voice in fiction and autobiography. The principal authors of"
"such stories were Thomas Harman, Robert Copland, Robert Greene and Thomas Dekker. Rogue literature Rogue literature is a literary genre that tells stories from the world of thieves and other criminals that was popular in England in the 16th and 17th centuries. The stories were mostly in a confessional form and full of vivid descriptions. Rogue literature is an important source in understanding the everyday life of the ordinary people and their language, and the language of thieves and beggars. This genre can be related to the stories of Robin Hood and jest book literature, as well as early examples"
"""rogue"" or ""rascal"". In these novels, the adventures of the ""pícaro"" expose injustice while simultaneously amusing the reader. Published by Miguel de Cervantes in two volumes a decade apart, Don Quixote is the most influential work of literature to emerge from the Spanish Golden Age and perhaps the entire Spanish literary canon. As a founding work of modern Western literature, it regularly appears at or near the top of lists of the greatest works of fiction ever published. Spain's greatest painters during the Spanish Golden Age period included El Greco, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Diego Velázquez, and Francisco Goya, who became"
"to emphasize how the tale borrowed from and re-worked the traditional hagiographic narrative form. Marcia Morris has argued that the tale can be described as a Russian variation of the picaresque, a satirical mode which developed in Western Europe at the time of the Renaissance and which can be seen in the Spanish novella ""Lazarillo de Tormes"" (1554), another society also beginning to develop a written secular literature. The tale is arguably picaresque in both tone and content: it charts the exploits of a rogue in a series of episodes in which he proves his cunning; it is rich in"
"Colonel Charteris; Cagliostro, Lord Byron, John Mytton, Giacomo Casanova, Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun; the Marquis de Sade and Beauchamp Bagenal. On the whole, rakes may be subdivided into the penitent and persistent ones, the first being reformed by the heroine, the latter pursuing their immoral conduct. Libertinistic attitudes, such as (sexual) licentiousness, alcoholism, scouring and gaming, can be discerned in characters belonging to the satiric norm as well as to the satiric scene. However, only the degree of wit brings the rakish gentleman, the ""Truewit"", closer to the satiric norm, whereas ""Falsewits"" are always exploded in the satiric scene."
"characters and psychological development, and the low reflection of reality. They include: ""El amante liberal"", ""Las dos doncellas"", ""La española inglesa"", ""La señora Cornelia"" and ""La fuerza de la sangre"". These were the most popular of the novellas at the time. The realistic in nature cater to the descriptions of realistic characters and environments, with intentional criticism in many cases. The realistic in nature are the best-known stories today: ""Rinconete y Cortadillo"", ""El licenciado Vidriera"", ""La gitanilla"", ""El casamiento engañoso"" (which leads directly into the fantasy ""El coloquio de los perros""), and ""La ilustre fregona"". However, the separation between the"
"soon commits suicide out of despair. Crane's earthy subject matter and his objective, scientific style, devoid of moralizing, earmark Maggie as a naturalist work. Horatio Alger Jr. was a prolific 19th-century American author whose principal output was formulaic rags-to-riches juvenile novels that followed the adventures of bootblacks, newsboys, peddlers, buskers, and other impoverished children in their rise from humble backgrounds to lives of respectable middle-class security and comfort. His novels, of which ""Ragged Dick"" is a typical example, were hugely popular in their day. Other later American realists are: John Steinbeck, Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair, Jack London, Edith"
"Lovable rogue The lovable rogue is a fictional stock character, often from a working-class upbringing, who tends to recklessly defy norms and social conventions but who still evokes empathy from the audience or other characters. The lovable rogue is generally male and is often trying to ""beat the system"" and better himself, though not by ordinary or widely accepted means. If the protagonist of a story is also a lovable rogue, he is frequently deemed an antihero. Lovable rogues are not the standard paragons of virtue because they frequently break the law or seem to act for their own personal"
"eat. As already said, this book inaugurates the picaresque novel and it stands out within the production of the literature of the Golden Century because of its originality, since it represents a literature based on the reality, as opposed to the idealism or the religiosity of the literature of the time and immediately previous (books of cavalries, sentimental novel, etc.) Concerning the technique used, it can be emphasized the fact that the episodes are articulated through the wire of the life of the rascal. Spanish Renaissance literature Spanish Renaissance literature is the literature written in Spain during the Renaissance. The"
"of a more Robin Hood like nature. Take for example the story of Tiburcio Vasquez, he is regarded as a proud man who resisted social domination and fought to maintain and preserve his culture. This story is based around his life in California where after being involved in a murder case he lived a life constantly on the run. Although not guilty for his involvement, he knew he wouldn't be treated justly back home, from there he decided to live a life of thievery and robbery. Like Robin Hood he only stole from the wealthier and never killed anyone in"
"of the day in a romantic disguise. Stories of witty cheats were an integral part of the European novella with its tradition of fabliaux. Significant examples include ""Till Eulenspiegel"" (1510), ""Lazarillo de Tormes"" (1554), Grimmelshausen's ""Simplicissimus Teutsch"" (1666–1668) and in England Richard Head's ""The English Rogue"" (1665). The tradition that developed with these titles focused on a hero and his life. The adventures led to satirical encounters with the real world with the hero either becoming the pitiable victim or the rogue who exploited the vices of those he met. A second tradition of satirical romances can be traced back"
"The motivation of a rake to change his libertinistic ways is either hypocritical (falsewits) or honest (truewits). In other words, penitent rakes among the falsewits only abandon their way of life for financial reasons, while penitent truewits ever so often succumb to the charms of the witty heroine and, at least, go through the motions of vowing constancy. Another typology distinguishes between the ""polite rake"" and the ""debauch"", using criteria of social class and style. In this case, the young, witty, and well-bred male character, who dominates the drawing rooms, is in sharp contrast to a contemptible debauch, who indulges"
"Noir fiction Noir fiction (or roman noir) is a literary genre closely related to hardboiled genre, with a distinction that the protagonist is not a detective, but instead either a victim, a suspect, or a perpetrator. Other common characteristics include a self-destructive protagonist. A typical protagonist of noir fiction is dealing with the legal, political or other system, which is no less corrupt than the perpetrator, by whom the protagonist is either victimized and/or has to victimize others on a daily basis, leading to a lose-lose situation. In the English-speaking world, the term originated as a cinematic one. Film noir"
"creator, Miguel de Cervantes. In the novel Cervantes has Don Quixote satirically present himself as an ""hidalgo de sangre"" and aspire to live the life of a knight-errant despite the fact that his economic position does not allow him to truly do so. Don Quixote's possessions allowed to him a meager life devoted to his reading obsession, yet his concept of honour led him to emulate the knights-errant. The picaresque novel ""Lazarillo"" features an hidalgo so poor that he spreads breadcrumbs on his clothes, to simulate having eaten a meal. His ""hidalgo"" honour forbids him from manual work but does"
"The protagonist, Lázaro, lives by his wits in an effort to survive and succeed in an impoverished country full of hypocrisy. As a ""pícaro"" character, he is an alienated outsider, whose ability to expose and ridicule individuals compromised with society gives him a revolutionary stance. Lázaro states that the motivation for his writing is to communicate his experiences of overcoming deception, hypocrisy, and falsehood (""engaño""). The character type draws on elements of characterization already present in Roman literature, especially Petronius' ""Satyricon"". Lázaro shares some of the traits of the central figure of Encolpius, a former gladiator, though it is unlikely"
"lovable rogue's wild disposition is viewed not as repulsive and alarming so much as exciting and adventurous. He is generally regarded as handsome or attractive and his daredevil attitude further makes him sexually desirable to other characters. He often has a fiery temper and is streetwise—possessing practical knowledge—usually having never been educated in a formal setting. Despite his common external appearance of selfishness, foolhardiness, or emotional detachment, the lovable rogue may in fact strongly associate with a highly idealistic belief system and understand the concept of a code of honor so highly valued that it transcends normal social constraints such"
"in Queen's Head Alley. If his reports are trustworthy, Head gathered some wealth in little time only to gamble it away again a little later. ""The English Rogue"" (1665) solved some of his financial problems. Its tales of drastic adventures were based on the model of Spanish rogue stories (such as ""Lazarillo de Tormes"" 1554), which were fashionable due to the contemporary publication of Scarron's ""Roman Comique"" (or ""Comical Romance"", so the English title which established the genre), and savoury with the events Head could claim to have based on his personal experience. The censor, so Winstanley reported, rejected the"
"mortgage in Mexico and his experiences at Columbia University's International House. Like his novels, these stories combine farce, sexual peccadilloes, and humor. ""Estas ruinas que ves"" is a farce based on realistic details of academic life that are still visible in early 21st century Guanajuato: the clanging of church bells disconcerting a speaker, cutting the ribbon at museum openings, the set of cultural movers and shakers who have known each other since kindergarten. ""Maten al leon"" although set on an imaginary island is a novel mirroring the Latino-american dictatorships; its details are comic but the end is dark. Ibarguengoitia was"
"as Miguel Cervantes' ""Don Quixote"" (1605/1615) The term ""chapbook"" is also in use for present-day publications, commonly short, inexpensive booklets. Heroic Romance is a genre of imaginative literature, which flourished in the 17th century, principally in France. The beginnings of modern fiction in France took a pseudo-bucolic form, and the celebrated ""L'Astrée"", (1610) of Honore d'Urfe (1568–1625), which is the earliest French novel, is properly styled a pastoral. Although its action was, in the main, languid and sentimental, there was a side of the Astree which encouraged that extravagant love of glory, that spirit of "" panache"", which was now"
"his acts, in fact, “One source refers to his captives as hog tied.” Although a bandit on the run, he also lived a life of romance with many women as he constantly moved from city to city. Vasquez embodied the life of a true outlaw in the wild west. Considered a legend of Mexican folklore his stories offer more than just entertainment and crime. They offer resistance to unjust authority and discrimination. Stories like his have influenced attitudes and behaviors of Mexican men and women even today. They understand stories like these bring hope to their communities when dominant social"
"prevail. He writes about the human condition the destructive nature of social forces which at times blends with magical realism that allows situations to alternate between reality and fantasy. In one of his most famous works, ""Pareja de trapos"" (Pair of rags), the two protagonists represent the pride and prejudice of the aristocracy and the opportunism of the middle classes which in order to climb proves itself capable of anything, including immoral or criminal acts. In ""Los Invasores"" (The invaders) a luxurious residence is invaded and occupied by a group of homeless beggars in this work the audience is unable"
"strike a balance between gentleness and brazenness in his shrewd and frequently ironic writing. Ruiz, in fact, offers a complete picture of picaresque society in the most complex and rich cultural geography of Europe during the first half of the 14th century, and his impartial irony lends a deeper tone to his rich coloring. He knows the weaknesses of both clergy and laity, and he dwells with equal complacency on the amorous adventures of great ladies, on the perverse intrigues arranged by demure nuns behind their convent walls, and on the simpler instinctive animalism of country lasses and Moorish dancing-girls."
"been larcenous like the thief class, including Reynard the Fox, Robin Goodfellow, and Ali Baba. In 2nd edition the term ""Rogue"" first appeared, used to describe the group of classes made up of those individuals ""living by their wits day to day-often at the expense of others."" In the core rules, these ""rogue"" classes were the thief and the bard. Thieves could be of any alignment other than lawful good while bards had to be at least partially neutral. The thief was the robber, the thug, or the ""expert treasure hunter"". They specialized in the acquisition of goods, stealth, and"
"fiction is usually described by the term ""Schauerroman"" (""shudder novel""). However, genres of ""Gespensterroman""/""Geisterroman"" (""ghost novel""), ""Räuberroman"" (""robber novel""), and ""Ritterroman"" (""chivalry novel"") also frequently share plot and motifs with the British ""gothic novel"". As its name suggests, the ""Räuberroman"" focuses on the life and deeds of outlaws, influenced by Friedrich von Schiller's drama ""The Robbers"" (1781). Heinrich Zschokke's ""Abällino, der grosse Bandit"" (1793) was translated into English by M.G. Lewis as ""The Bravo of Venice"" in 1804. The ""Ritterroman"" focuses on the life and deeds of the knights and soldiers, but features many elements found in the gothic novel,"
"manners, love and revenge, in colonial Cuban society of the early 19th century. In Villaverde's novel (completed in 1882), the melodramatic plot serves as a background for social life in Cuba, with slavery, injustice, crises and personal tragedies, following colorful presentation in detailed characterization and description, even to the point that plot itself loses its pace at times, long before reaching its climax, as if author had lost interest in his story and wanted to finish it as fast as possible. In Roig's zarzuela, however, dramatic element is more exposed, more consistent and in swift action, presented as an interesting"
"means of a tenderness coupled to a soft irony. His ragged, dirty heroes are the only characters in the novel endowed with a sense of dignity. There is in the plot an ever present atmosphere of impending doom, with ""the Company"" always in the background as a faceless, sinister force. The villagers of Rancas are forced to wage a desperate and fruitless war against the colossal Pasto Corporation, which in the 1950s set out to build an immense empire in the Andes by fencing Quechua communities out of their grazing lands. The outcome is inevitable and typical of most Spanish-"
"realism genre, as it includes only one magical event. The main characters of the novel are not named, adding to the feeling of insignificance of an individual living in Colombia. The colonel and his wife, who have lost their son to political repression, are struggling with poverty and financial instability. The corruption of the local and national officials is evident and this is a topic which García Márquez explores throughout the novel, by using references to censorship and the impact of government on society. The colonel desperately tries to sell their inheritance from their only son who is now dead"
"for the sentimental comedy of the early eighteenth century. Rake (stock character) In a historical context, a rake (short for rakehell, analogous to """") was a man who was habituated to immoral conduct, particularly womanising. Often, a rake was also prodigal, wasting his (usually inherited) fortune on gambling, wine, women and song, and incurring lavish debts in the process. Comparable terms are ""libertine"" and ""debauchee"". The Restoration rake was a carefree, witty, sexually irresistible aristocrat whose heyday was during the English Restoration period (1660–1688) at the court of Charles II. They were typified by the ""Merry Gang"" of courtiers, who"
"society. Miguel de Cervantes wrote several works ""in the picaresque manner, notably ""Rinconete y Cortadillo"" (1613) and ""El coloquio de los perros"" (1613; “Colloquy of the Dogs”)"". ""Cervantes also incorporated elements of the picaresque into his greatest novel, ""Don Quixote"" (1605, 1615)"", the ""single most important progenitor of the modern novel"", that M. H. Abrams has described as a ""quasi-picaresque narrative"". Here the hero is not a rogue but a foolish knight. In order to understand the historical context that led to the development of these paradigmatic picaresque novels in Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries, it is essential"
"But before long this kind of production was treated in verse, the form adopted being that of the romances of adventure octosyllabic verses rhyming in pairs. Some of those novels which have come down to us may be ranked with the most graceful works in Provençal literature; two are from the pen of the Catalan author Raimon Vidal de Besalu. One, the ""Castia-gilos"" (the ""Chastisement of the Jealous Man""), is a treatment, not easily matched for elegance, of a frequently-handled theme the story of the husband who, in order to entrap his wife, takes the disguise of the lover whom"
"to overcome resistance of her Carlist relatives to marry a simple worker, a Basque nationalist. Many of the wartime ""novelas de tesis"" were built upon action-packed intrigues, yet nagging moralising objectives and clear pedagogical if not propagandistic purpose usually prevailed over their adventurous features. This is not the case of another novelistic subgenre, where adventure is on the forefront; it might be cast in historical or contemporaty setting. In Spanish history of literature they are dubbed ""novela de aventura"" or - usually when romance threads prevail - ""novela rosa"", the latter intended mostly for female audience. This kind of literature"
"licensed material. According to critics like the ""Telegraph""'s Tim Robey, romantically idealized portrayals of non-industrialized or exotic people persist in popular films, as for example in ""The Lone Ranger"" or ""Dances with Wolves"". Concepts: Cultural examples: Noble savage A noble savage is a literary stock character who embodies the concept of the indigene, outsider, wild human, an ""other"" who has not been ""corrupted"" by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness. In English, the phrase first appeared in the 17th century in John Dryden's heroic play ""The Conquest of Granada"" (1672), wherein it was used in reference to newly created"