The name of which chemical element means 'acid-producing'?
"German for ""wolf's foam"", how the mineral was known to Saxon miners. The name ""tungsten"" means ""heavy stone"", a description of scheelite, another mineral in which tungsten is found. The German names for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are ""Wasserstoff"" (water substance), ""Sauerstoff"" (acid substance), and ""Stickstoff"" (smothering substance). Russian names for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon are ""vodorod"", ""kislorod"" and ""uglerod"" (generating water, acid and coal respectively). The corresponding Chinese names are ""qīngqì"" (light gas), ""yǎngqì"" (nourishing gas), and ""dànqì"" (diluting gas). A scheme for translating chemical names into Chinese was developed by John Fryer and Xu Shou in 1871. Where"
"Succinic acid Succinic acid () is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH)(COH). The name derives from Latin ""succinum"", meaning amber. In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state. It is marketed as food additive E363. Succinate is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), an energy-yielding process shared by all"
"Armstrong's acid Armstrong's acid (naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid) is a fluorescent organic compound with the formula CH(SOH). It is one of several isomers of naphthalenedisulfonic acid. It a colorless solid, typically obtained as the tetrahydrate. Like other sulfonic acids, it is a strong acid. It is named for British chemist Henry Edward Armstrong. It is prepared by disulfonation of naphthalene with oleum: Further sulfonation gives The 1,3,5-trisulfonic acid derivative. Fusion of Armstrong's acid in NaOH gives the disodium salt of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, which can be acidified to give the diol. The intermediate in this hydrolysis, 1-hydroxynaphthalene-5-sulfonic acid, is also useful. Nitration gives nitrodisulfonic"
"Magnesium Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table: all group 2 elements have the same electron configuration in the outer electron shell and a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe. It is produced in large, aging stars from the sequential addition of three helium nuclei to a carbon nucleus. When such stars explode as supernovas, much of"
"Styphnic acid Styphnic acid (from Greek ""stryphnos"" ""astringent""), or 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol, is a yellow astringent acid that forms hexagonal crystals. It is used in the manufacture of dyes, pigments, inks, medicines, and explosives such as lead styphnate. It is itself a low sensitivity explosive, similar to picric acid, but explodes upon rapid heating. It may be prepared by the nitration of resorcinol with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid. This compound is an example of a trinitrophenol. Like picric acid, it is a moderately strong acid, capable of displacing carbon dioxide from solutions of sodium carbonate, for example. It may"
"Acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid). The first category of acids is the proton donors or Brønsted acids. In the special case of aqueous solutions, proton donors form the hydronium ion HO and are known as Arrhenius acids. Brønsted and Lowry generalized the Arrhenius theory to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brønsted or Arrhenius acid usually contains a hydrogen atom bonded to a chemical structure that is still energetically favorable after loss of H."
"fats, and aromatic esters, carotenoids and terpenes. With nitrogen it forms alkaloids, and with the addition of sulfur also it forms antibiotics, amino acids, and rubber products. With the addition of phosphorus to these other elements, it forms DNA and RNA, the chemical-code carriers of life, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the most important energy-transfer molecule in all living cells. Nitrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 7, the symbol N and atomic mass 14.00674 u. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.08% by volume of Earth's atmosphere. The element"
"Carbonic acid Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (equivalently OC(OH)). It is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water), because such solutions contain small amounts of HCO. In physiology, carbonic acid is described as ""volatile acid"" or ""respiratory acid"", because it is the only acid excreted as a gas by the lungs. It plays an important role in the bicarbonate buffer system to maintain acid–base homeostasis. Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms two kinds of salts: the carbonates and the bicarbonates. In geology, carbonic acid causes limestone"
"example, carbon dioxide, CO, is the anhydride of carbonic acid, HCO, and sulfur trioxide, SO, is the anhydride of sulfuric acid, HSO. These anhydrides react quickly with water and form those oxyacids again. Many organic acids, like carboxylic acids and phenols, are oxyacids. Their molecular structure, however, is much more complicated than that of inorganic oxyacids. Most of the commonly encountered acids are oxyacids. Indeed, in the 18th century, Lavoisier assumed that all acids contain oxygen and that oxygen causes their acidity. Because of this, he gave to this element its name, ""oxygenium"", derived from Greek and meaning ""acid-maker"", which"
"Oxyacid An oxyacid, or oxoacid, is an acid that contains oxygen. Specifically, it is a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element, with at least one hydrogen atom bond to oxygen that can dissociate to produce the H cation and the anion of the acid. Generally, oxyacids are simply oxyanions attached to a positively-polarized hydrogen, which can be split off as a cation. Examples: carbonic acid HCO / (OC(OH)), sulfuric acid HSO / (OS(OH)). Under Lavoisier's original theory, all acids contained oxygen, which was named from the Greek ὀξύς (""oxys"": acid, sharp) and the root -γενής"
"with alpha particles. In 1811, the German chemist Johann Schweigger proposed that the name ""halogen"" – meaning ""salt producer"", from αλς [als] ""salt"" and γενειν [genein] ""to beget"" – replace the name ""chlorine"", which had been proposed by the English chemist Humphry Davy. Davy's name for the element prevailed. However, in 1826, the Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius proposed the term ""halogen"" for the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, which produce a sea-salt-like substance when they form a compound with an alkaline metal. Fluorine's name comes from the Latin word ""fluere"", meaning ""to flow"", because it was derived from"
"Sodium Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin ""natrium"") and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table, because it has a single electron in its outer shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged ion—the Na cation. Its only stable isotope is Na. The free metal does not occur in nature, but must be prepared from compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock"
"Aluminium oxide Aluminium oxide (IUPAC name) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula . It is the most commonly occurring of several aluminium oxides, and specifically identified as aluminium(III) oxide. It is commonly called alumina (regardless of whether the element is spelled aluminum or aluminium), and may also be called aloxide, aloxite, or alundum depending on particular forms or applications. It occurs naturally in its crystalline polymorphic phase α-AlO as the mineral corundum, varieties of which form the precious gemstones ruby and sapphire. AlO is significant in its use to"
"Adipic acid Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH)(COOH). From an industrial perspective, it is the most important dicarboxylic acid: about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon. Adipic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but it is known as manufactured E number food additive E355. Adipic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone called ""KA oil"", the abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil. The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give adipic acid, via a multistep pathway."
"Aspartic acid Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Similar to all other amino acids it contains an amino group and a carboxylic acid. Its α-amino group is in the protonated –NH form under physiological conditions, while its α-carboxylic acid group is deprotonated −COO under physiological conditions. Aspartic acid has an acidic side chain (CHCOOH) which reacts with other amino acids, enzymes and proteins in the body. Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4) in proteins the side chain usually occurs as the negatively"
"nomenclature. The name ""acetic acid"" derives from ""acetum"", the Latin word for vinegar, and is related to the word acid itself. ""Glacial acetic acid"" is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid. Similar to the German name ""Eisessig"" (""ice-vinegar""), the name comes from the ice-like crystals that form slightly below room temperature at (the presence of 0.1% water lowers its melting point by 0.2 °C). A common symbol for acetic acid is ""AcOH"", where ""Ac"" is the pseudoelement symbol representing the acetyl group −C(=O)−; the conjugate base, acetate (), is thus represented as ""AcO"". (The ""Ac"" is not to be"
"the name of the acid containing fewer oxygen atoms. Thus, for example, sulfuric acid is HSO, and sulfurous acid, HSO. Analogously, nitric acid is HNO, and nitrous acid, HNO. If there are more than two oxyacids having the same element as the central atom, then, in some cases, acids are distinguished by adding the prefix ""per-"" or ""hypo-"" to their names. The prefix ""per-"", however, is used only when the central atom is a halogen or a group 7 element. For example, chlorine has the four following oxyacids: The suffix ""-ite"" occurs in names of anions and salts derived from"
"Arginine Arginine, also known as L-arginine (symbol Arg or R), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain consisting of a 3-carbon aliphatic straight chain ending in a guanidino group. At physiological pH, the carboxylic acid is deprotonated (−COO), the amino group is protonated (−NH), and the guanidino group is also protonated to give the guanidinium form (-C-(NH)), making arginine a charged, aliphatic amino acid. It is the precursor for the biosynthesis of nitric oxide. It is encoded by the codons CGU, CGC,"
"Nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is the aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula N(CHCOH). It is a colourless solid that is used as a chelating agent, which forms coordination compounds with metal ions (chelates) such as Ca, Cu, and Fe. Nitrilotriacetic acid is commercially available as the free acid and as the sodium salt. It is produced from ammonia, formaldehyde, and sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide. Worldwide capacity is estimated at 100 thousand tonnes per year. NTA is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA, arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct.<ref name=""Ullmann/Roger"">Hart, J. Roger (2005) ""Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid"
"hydroxyl radicals. Nitrous acid Nitrous acid (molecular formula HNO) is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution and in the form of nitrite salts. Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines. The resulting diazonium salts are reagents in azo coupling reactions to give azo dyes. In the gas phase, the planar nitrous acid molecule can adopt both a ""cis"" and a ""trans"" form. The ""trans"" form predominates at room temperature, and IR measurements indicate it is more stable by around 2.3 kJ mol. Nitrous acid is usually generated by acidification of aqueous solutions sodium nitrite"
"chemistry. Salts of xenic acid are called ""xenates"", containing the anion. They tend to disproportionate into xenon gas and perxenates: The energy given off is sufficient to form ozone from diatomic oxygen: Salts containing the completely deprotonated anion are presently unknown. Xenic acid Xenic acid is a noble gas compound formed by the dissolution of xenon trioxide in water. Its chemical formula is HXeO. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and its decomposition is dangerous as it liberates a large amount of gaseous products: xenon, oxygen, and ozone. However, this feature is also what makes xenic acid practically useful"
"of yet unknown metals such as magnesia, barite, and strontia); three alkalies (potash, soda, and ammonia); and the ""radicals"" of 19 organic acids. The acids, regarded in the new system as compounds of various elements with oxygen, were given names which indicated the element involved together with the degree of oxygenation of that element, for example sulfuric and sulfurous acids, phosphoric and phosphorous acids, nitric and nitrous acids, the ""ic"" termination indicating acids with a higher proportion of oxygen than those with the ""ous"" ending. Similarly, salts of the ""ic"" acids were given the terminal letters ""ate,"" as in copper"
"Oxygen Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula . Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. As compounds including oxides, the element"
"Nitrous acid Nitrous acid (molecular formula HNO) is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution and in the form of nitrite salts. Nitrous acid is used to make diazonium salts from amines. The resulting diazonium salts are reagents in azo coupling reactions to give azo dyes. In the gas phase, the planar nitrous acid molecule can adopt both a ""cis"" and a ""trans"" form. The ""trans"" form predominates at room temperature, and IR measurements indicate it is more stable by around 2.3 kJ mol. Nitrous acid is usually generated by acidification of aqueous solutions sodium nitrite with a"
"Americium Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. It is radioactive and a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, a part of the Manhattan Project. Although it is the third element in the transuranic series, it was discovered fourth, after the heavier curium. The discovery was kept secret and only"
"be reacted with weakly basic oxides, such as those of lead and silver, to form the corresponding salts. The solubility of picric acid and styphnic acid in water is less than their corresponding mono- and di-nitro compounds, and far less than their non-nitrated percursor phenols, so they may be purified by fractional crystallisation. Styphnic acid Styphnic acid (from Greek ""stryphnos"" ""astringent""), or 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol, is a yellow astringent acid that forms hexagonal crystals. It is used in the manufacture of dyes, pigments, inks, medicines, and explosives such as lead styphnate. It is itself a low sensitivity explosive, similar to picric acid,"
"was in the synthesis of Quazodine (). Acetic formic anhydride Acetic formic anhydride is an organic compound with the chemical formula and a structural formula of -(C=O)-O-(C=O)H. It can be viewed as the mixed anhydride of acetic acid and formic acid. Acetic formic anhydride can be produced by reacting sodium formate with acetyl chloride in anhydrous diethyl ether between 23–27 °C. It can be prepared by aceticanhydride and formic acid at 0 oC Acetic formic anhydride is a formylation agent for amines, amino acids, and alcohols. It is also a starting material for other compounds such as formyl fluoride. An"
"Arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in combination with sulfur and metals, but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. It has various allotropes, but only the gray form, which has a metallic appearance, is important to industry. The primary use of arsenic is in alloys of lead (for example, in car batteries and ammunition). Arsenic is a common n-type dopant in semiconductor electronic devices, and the optoelectronic compound gallium arsenide is the second most commonly used semiconductor after doped silicon. Arsenic and its"
"Formic acid Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid. The chemical formula is HCOOH or HCOH. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. The word ""formic"" comes from the Latin word for ant, ""formica"", referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies. Esters, salts, and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially formic acid is produced from methanol. Formic acid is a colorless liquid having a pungent, penetrating odor at room temperature, not unlike the related acetic acid. It is miscible"
"named the acidic product ""fluss-spats-syran"" (fluorspar acid). In 1810, the French physicist André-Marie Ampère suggested that hydrogen and an element analogous to chlorine constituted hydrofluoric acid. Sir Humphry Davy proposed that this then-unknown substance be named ""fluorine"" from fluoric acid and the ""-ine"" suffix of other halogens. This word, with modifications, is used in most European languages; Greek, Russian, and some others (following Ampère's suggestion) use the name ""ftor"" or derivatives, from the Greek φθόριος (""phthorios"", destructive). The New Latin name ""fluorum"" gave the element its current symbol F; Fl was used in early papers. Initial studies on fluorine were"
"to arsenic. Lead is known to substitute for zinc in a number of enzymes, including δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (porphobilinogen synthase) in the haem biosynthetic pathway and pyrimidine-5′-nucleotidase, important for the correct metabolism of DNA and can therefore cause fetal damage. Lead(II) nitrate Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO). It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water. Known since the Middle Ages by the name plumb dulcis, the production of lead(II) nitrate from either metallic lead or lead oxide in nitric acid was small-scale,"
"acetic acid, with ""Penicilium notatum"" for the production of araboascorbic acid, with ""Rhizopus delemar"" for the production of fumaric acid, with ""Aspergillus niger"" for the production of gluconic acid, with ""Candida brumptii"" to produce isocitric acid, with ""Aspergillus terreus"" for the production of itaconic acid, with ""Pseudomonas fluorescens"" for the production of 2-ketogluconic acid, with ""Gluconobacter suboxydans"" for the production of 5-ketogluconic acid, with ""Aspergillus oryzae"" for the production of kojic acid, with ""Lactobacillus delbrueckii"" for the production of lactic acid, with ""Lactobacillus brevis"" for the production of malic acid, with ""Propionibacter shermanii"" for the production of propionic acid, with"
"can cause violent oxidation of organic material. Nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772. Although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish had independently done so at about the same time, Rutherford is generally accorded the credit because his work was published first. The name ""nitrogène"" was suggested by French chemist Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal in 1790, when it was found that nitrogen was present in nitric acid and nitrates. Antoine Lavoisier suggested instead the name azote, from the Greek άζωτικός ""no life"", as"