What was the former name, until 1976, of Ho Chi Minh City?
"District, Ho Chi Minh City. The university is planning a campus project the area of 643.7 ha. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City was founded on 27 January 1995 by Government Decree 16/CP on the basis of the merger of nine universities (members): (University of Ho Chi Minh City, Thu Duc Technology Training University, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Agriculture and Sylviculture, University of Economics, University of Accounting and Finance, Ho Chi Minh City Pedagogical University, Ho Chi Minh City Architecture University, branch of Law University of Hanoi into eight members"
"yesterday, they were led by a man who wasn't there"". The former capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, was officially renamed Hồ Chí Minh City on 2 July 1976 by the new Communist Party of Vietnam-controlled National Assembly of Vietnam. However, the name provokes strong anti-Communist feeling in a substantial number of Vietnamese. Some native Vietnamese sometimes refer to the city as Sài Gòn out of custom and convenience, however most Vietnamese living abroad reject the new Communist-imposed name, choosing to honor the former capital of anti-Communist Republic of Vietnam. His embalmed body is on display in Hanoi in a granite"
"Vietnam as in his wish after he officially stepped aside in 1965 and even after his death in 1969. The final offensive against Saigon – the capital of South Vietnam in 1975 was named after him (the Ho Chi Minh Campaign). Vietnam was reunified under the Communist rule after the fall of Saigon in April 1975, nearly 30 years after Ho's declaration of independence and 6 years after his death. Soon after that, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh city in honour of his vast contributions to Vietnam. Võ Nguyên Giáp was a General, Commander in Chief of the Vietnam"
"in 1968. The North did not abide by the terms of the 1973 Paris Agreement, which officially settled the war by calling for free elections in the South and peaceful reunification. Two years after the withdrawal of the last U.S. forces in 1973, Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, fell to the communists, and the South Vietnamese army surrendered in 1975. In 1976, the government of united Vietnam renamed Saigon as Hồ Chí Minh City in honor of Hồ, who died in 1969. The war left Vietnam devastated, with the total death toll standing at between 966,000 and 3.8 million,"
"of the Vietnam War on 30 April 1975, the city came under the control of the Vietnamese People's Army. Among Vietnamese diaspora communities and particularly the U.S. (which had fought the communists), this event is commonly called the ""fall of Saigon"", while the Socialist Republic of Vietnam refers to it as the ""Liberation of Saigon"". In 1976, upon the establishment of the unified communist Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the city of Saigon (including Cholon), the province of Gia Ðịnh and two suburban districts of two other nearby provinces were combined to create Ho Chi Minh City in honor of the"
"during the Vietnam War. Hồ Chí Minh led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the Communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the battle of Điện Biên Phủ. He officially stepped down from power in 1965 due to health problems. After the war, Saigon, the former capital of the Republic of Vietnam, was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City. Any description of Hồ Chí Minh's life before he came to power in Vietnam is necessarily fraught with ambiguity. He is known to have used at least 50 and perhaps as"
"Long (, ""Soaring Dragon""). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamed it Hà Nội (, ""Between Rivers"" or ""River Interior""). Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. As Hanoï, it was located in the protectorate of Tonkin became the capital of French Indochina after 1887. The city was occupied by the Imperial Japanese in 1940 and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in 1946. After nine"
"forces in 1966. In 1960, he was elected alternate member of the Communist Party Central Committee and a member of COSVN in 1961, in command of communist forces in Saigon and surrounding areas. After North Vietnamese forces took control of Saigon in April 30, 1975, he led the takeover of the city and in 1976 was appointed as Chairman of the People's Committee (alias governor) as well deputy party secretary of the city, which had been renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in memory of the deceased leader. In the early postwar years, South Vietnam's economy deteriorated rapidly due to"
"city was still indicated as 嘉 定 on Vietnamese maps written in Chữ Hán until at least 1891. Immediately after the communist takeover of South Vietnam in 1975, a provisional government renamed the city after Hồ Chí Minh, the late North Vietnamese leader. Even today, however, the informal name of ""Sài Gòn""/""Saigon"" remains in daily speech both domestically and internationally, especially among the Vietnamese diaspora. In particular, ""Sài Gòn"" is still commonly used to refer to District 1. An etymology of ""Saigon"" (or Sài Gòn in Vietnamese) is that Sài is a Sino-Vietnamese word (Hán tự: 柴) meaning ""firewood, lops,"
"Vietnam in 1949 and the associated cession of Cochinchina (known to the Khmers as ""Kampuchea Krom"", or ""Lower Cambodia"") to Vietnam has resulted in significant bitterness directed towards the Vietnamese on the part of the Khmers. As a result, many of those who consider themselves Khmer nationalists would refer to Ho Chi Minh City as ""Prey Nôkôr"", a reference to its former status as a Khmer port city. Of the about 3 million Overseas Vietnamese, a majority left Vietnam as political refugees after 1975 as a result of the Fall of Saigon and the resulting takeover by the Communist regime,"
"nine months ago, the government has not been able to close down ""Tin Sang"" or any other newspaper among the more than 30 now being published in Saigon."" South Vietnam's capital was Saigon which was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City on 1 May 1975 after unconditionally surrendering to the North. Before surrendering, the South was divided into forty-four provinces (""tỉnh"", singular and plural). The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same"
"the name is often abbreviated or made into an acronym; ""Tp. HCM"" and the acronym ""TPHCM"" are used interchangeably in the original Vietnamese, along with ""HCM City"" or ""HCMC"" in English and ""HCMV"" in French. As noted, the now-official name commemorates North Vietnamese leader Hồ Chí Minh, who, although deceased by the time of the Fall of Saigon, was instrumental in the establishment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. ""Hồ Chí Minh"" was not his original name; he was born as Nguyễn Sinh Cung, and only began using the new name around 1940. This name, which he favoured throughout his"
"Minh City as the most populous city. The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese imperial dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonised by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War. On 2 September 1945, President Hồ Chí Minh declared"
"selected 492 members, of which 243 represented the South and 249 the North. In this term, the National Assembly adopted the name ""the Socialist Republic of Vietnam"" (""Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam"") for the re-unified country, merged corresponding organizations between the Government of North Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, and renamed Saigon as Ho Chi Minh City. It also approved the new Constitution in 1980. The Seventh National Assembly and its 496 members witnessed the end of the Vietnamese centralized and heavily-planned economy and the CPV's launch of the Renewal"
"most of the defense of the convoy, and 5,000 of 20,000 other Vietnamese soldiers are known to have survived. (Many of the soldiers probably deserted rather than report for duty.). Quảng Trị, the northernmost city of South Vietnam, was occupied by the North Vietnamese without a fight, the defenders having been evacuated by sea. North Vietnam changed the name of Campaign 275 to the ""Ho Chi Minh Campaign."" The original plan of North Vietnam had been to gain control over the Central Highlands of South Vietnam in 1975 and complete its conquest of the country in 1976. However, the rapid"
"place Diệm worked before his assassination on 2 November 1963 in a coup d'etat. The Supreme Court of the Republic of Vietnam (Tối cao Pháp viện Việt Nam Cộng hòa) was housed in the Palace, from October 31, 1966 to April 30, 1975, the Fall of Saigon. After the North Vietnamese communist invasion of South Vietnam, on 12 August 1978 the Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee ordered that the former Supreme Court be used as the Ho Chi Minh City Revolutionary Museum (Bảo tàng Cách mạng Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), a propaganda museum, later renamed to its current"
"continued to use Annam and the name ""Vietnam"" remained virtually unknown until the Yên Bái mutiny of 1930, organized by the Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Vietnamese Nationalist Party). By the early 1940s, the use of ""Việt Nam"" was widespread. It appeared in the name of Ho Chi Minh's Viet Nam Doc Lap Dong Minh Hoi (Viet Minh), founded 1941, and was even used by the governor of French Indochina in 1942. The name ""Vietnam"" has been official since 1945. It was adopted in June by Bảo Đại's imperial government in Huế, and in September by Ho's rival communist government"
"army and Viet Cong launched a major second combined-arms invasion in 1975, termed the Spring Offensive. Communist forces overran Saigon on 30 April 1975, marking the ""de facto"" end of the South Vietnamese state, although the ""de jure"" end of South Vietnam occurred on 2 July 1976 with the reunification of Vietnam. The official name of the South Vietnamese state was ""Việt Nam Cộng hòa"" (Republic of Vietnam) and the French name was referred to as ""République du Viêt Nam"". The North was known as the ""Democratic Republic of Vietnam"". ""Việt Nam"" () was the name adopted by Emperor Gia"
"in 1898. The capital was moved from Saigon (in Cochinchina) to Hanoi (Tonkin) in 1902 and again to Da Lat (Annam) in 1939. In 1945 it was moved back to Hanoi. After the Fall of France during World War II, the colony was administered by the Vichy government and was under Japanese occupation until March 1945, when the Japanese overthrew the colonial regime. After the Japanese surrender, the Viet Minh, a communist organization led by Hồ Chí Minh, declared Vietnamese independence, but France subsequently took back control of French Indochina. An all-out independence war, known as the First Indochina War,"
"Cochinchina Cochinchina (; ; ; ) is a region encompassing the southern third of current Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon. It was a French colony from 1862 to 1954. The later state of South Vietnam was created in 1954 by combining Cochinchina with southern Annam. In Vietnamese, the region is called ""Nam Bộ"". Historically, it was ""Gia Định"" (1779–1832), ""Nam Kỳ"" (1834–1945), ""Nam Bộ"" (1945–48), ""Nam phần"" (1948–56), ""Nam Việt"" (1956–75), and later ""Miền Nam."" In French, it was called ""la colonie de Cochinchine"". In the 17th century, Vietnam was divided between the Trịnh lords to the north and"
"Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum () is the final resting place of Vietnamese Revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is a large building located in the center of Ba Dinh Square, where Ho, President of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1951 until his death in 1969, read the Declaration of Independence on 2 September 1945, establishing the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. It is also known as Ba Đình Mausoleum () and is open to the public. Construction work began on September 2, 1973, and the mausoleum was formally inaugurated on August 29,"
"city south of Old Hanoi, creating broad, perpendicular tree-lined avenues of opera, churches, public buildings, and luxury villas, but they also destroyed large parts of the city, shedding or reducing the size of lakes and canals, while also clearing out various imperial palaces and citadels. From 1940 to 1945 Hanoi, as well as most of French Indochina and Southeast Asia, was occupied by the Japanese empire. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). The Vietnamese National Assembly under Ho Chi Minh decided on January 6, 1946, to make Hanoi the capital of"
"Minh City (Vo Van Tan Street today). On 31 August 1961, under the authority of the government of the Republic of Vietnam the school was split into two: Saigon College of Medicine and Saigon College of Pharmacy. In 1964 Saigon College of Dentistry was founded from a division of the medical school. In 1976 after the Vietnam War, the three schools were merged with a new name — Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy — by an authority from the Communist Party of Vietnam. The first head office had two floors for offices, library, meeting room for"
"with a puppet emperor residing in Huế. In 1948, the protectorate was merged in the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, which was replaced the next year by the newly established State of Vietnam. The region was divided between communist North Vietnam and anti-communist South Vietnam under the terms of the Geneva Accord of 1954. Annam means ""Pacified South"" in Sino-Vietnamese, the toponym being derived from the Chinese (). In the history of Vietnam, the designation is one of several given by the Chinese to the Tonkin, the core territory of modern-day Vietnam surrounding the city of Hanoi, which included land"
"80 percent of the victims were ordinary civilians and only about 20 percent of them were government officials, policemen, members of the self-defence forces or pacification cadres."" In the former capital city of Huế, Viet Cong troops captured the Imperial Citadel and much of the city, which led to the Battle of Huế. During the interim between the capture of the Citadel and the end of the ""Battle of Huế"", the occupying forces Massacre at Huế. In 1975, Vietnam was officially unified and renamed the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRVN), with its capital in Hà Nội. The Vietnamese Communist Party"
"is an area in high demand for real estate, hitting a record price of $50,000 per square meter in 2007. District 1 and the other seven districts of Ho Chi Minh City were founded on May 27, 1959. Before 1975, the first district only had four small subsets (wards) which were Trần Quang Khải, Tự Đức, Bến Nghé, Hòa Bình (named after major historical characters) and the second district had seven different wards which were Cầu Kho, Cầu Ông Lãnh, Huyện Sĩ, Nguyễn Cư Trinh, Nguyễn Cảnh Chân, Bùi Viện, Bến Thành. In May, 1976, the first and second district"
"Ho Chi Minh Hồ Chí Minh (; , ; Chữ nôm: 胡志明; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), born Nguyễn Sinh Cung, also known as Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Ái Quốc, Bác Hồ or simply Bác, was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam. He was also Prime Minister (1945–1955) and President (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 as well as the People's Army of Vietnam and the Viet Cong"
"Vietnam, with around 5000 students in regular attendance. In 2007, it became a public high school. Marie Curie High School Marie Curie High School (French: ""Lycée Marie Curie"", Vietnamese: ""Trường Trung học Phổ thông Marie Curie"") is a public high school in District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Established in 1918 and named after the Nobel prize-winning scientist Marie Curie by the French colonial government, it remains the sole high school in Saigon that still bears its original name. Founded in 1918 as an all-girls school, it began accepting boys in 1970. In 1997, it was turned into a"
"Vietnam War was over. The communists renamed the city after Ho Chi Minh, former President of North Vietnam, although this name was not frequently used outside official business. Order was slowly restored, although the by-then-deserted U.S. Embassy was looted, along with many other businesses. Communications between the outside world and Saigon were cut. The Communist party machinery in South Vietnam was weakened, owing in part to the Phoenix Program, so the PAVN was responsible for maintaining order and General Trần Văn Trà, Dung's administrative deputy, was placed in charge of the city. The new authorities held a victory rally on"
"""Viet Nam"" instead. Between 1804 and 1813, the name Vietnam was used officially by Emperor Gia Long. It was revived in the early 20th century by Phan Bội Châu's ""History of the Loss of Vietnam"", and later by the Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDĐ). The country was usually called Annam until 1945, when both the imperial government in Huế and the Việt Minh government in Hanoi adopted . Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of humans in what is now Vietnam as early as the Paleolithic age. ""Homo erectus"" fossils dating to around 500,000 BC have been found in caves in"
"aboard a small Cessna plane, landed safely without a tailhook on the aircraft carrier . This mass exodus of (mostly South) Vietnamese political refugees continued into the 1980s as refugees fled from persecution, political oppression and economic collapse caused by the new Communist regime. In 1976, Vietnam was officially unified and renamed Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRVN), with its capital in Hà Nội. The Vietnamese Communist Party dropped its front name ""Labor Party"" and changed the title of First Secretary, a term used by China, to General Secretary, used by the Soviet Union, with Lê Duẩn as general secretary. The"
"with journalists who nicknamed the ground-floor bar the ""Continental Shelf"". Newsweek and Time magazines each had their Saigon bureaux on the second floor of the hotel. Following the Fall of Saigon in April 1975 ownership of the hotel was taken over by the Ho Chi Minh City Government and ""Tự Do Street"" was renamed ""Đồng Khởi Street"". The hotel was closed in 1976 and reopened again in 1986 as the ""Đồng Khởi"". The hotel was completely restored from 1988-9 and reopened in 1989 as the ""Hotel Continental"". Notable guests include: The hotel features prominently in Graham Greene's novel ""The Quiet"
"1975, he became Prime Minister of South Vietnam. After the reunification and the founding of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 2 July 1976, he was one of two vice-presidents and thus deputy of Tôn Đức Thắng. At the same time he was the first mayor of Ho Chi Minh City. After Tôn Đức Thắng's death on 30 March 1980, he became acting President of Vietnam and held that post until his replacement by Trường Chinh on 4 July 1981. He then served as Deputy Chairman of the Council of State from 1981 to 1992, Trường Chinh and Võ Chí"