To which family of fish does the dogfish belong?
"Bareskin dogfish The bareskin dogfish (""Centroscyllium kamoharai"") is a little-known, deepwater dogfish shark of the family Etmopteridae, so far found only in the western Pacific in Suruga Bay, Honshū, Japan. The bareskin dogfish has no anal fin. It has grooved dorsal spines with the second larger than the first, a smaller first dorsal fin, blunt nose, large eyes, large nostrils, widely spaced and sparse denticles, and is dark in color with white-tipped fins. It is stout and grows to a maximum of 40 cm. Like other species in the family Etmopteridae (lanternsharks), the bareskin dogfish has a bioluminescent organ on"
"Arrowhead dogfish The arrowhead dogfish (""Deania profundorum"") is a small little known deepwater dogfish of the family Centrophoridae. The arrowhead dogfish has an extremely long angular snout, no anal fin, small first dorsal and long rear dorsal spines, and pitchfork-shaped dermal denticles. The first dorsal fin is short and placed high on the back. This is the smallest of the genus ""Deania"", with a maximum length of only 76 cm. It is found in the Pacific Ocean around the Philippines, in the Western Atlantic Ocean off of the Carolinas, in the Eastern Atlantic all along Africa's west coast, and in"
"researchers Kenji Mochizuki and Fumio Ohe in a 1990 article for the ""Japanese Journal of Ichthyology"". They gave it the name ""Trigonognathus kabeyai""; the generic name is derived from the Greek ""trigonon"" (""triangle"") and ""gnathus"" (""jaw""), while the specific name honors Hiromichi Kabeya, the captain of the ""Seiryo-Maru"". Mochizuki and Ohe originally assigned the viper dogfish to the family Squalidae, which at the time was used for all members of the order Squaliformes aside from the bramble and rough sharks. In a 1992 morphological study, Shigeru Shirai and Osamu Okamura placed this species in the squalid subfamily Etmopterinae, which most"
"Mandarin dogfish The mandarin dogfish (""Cirrhigaleus barbifer"") is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found at depths of off southern Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia (Bali and Lombok). Populations off Australia and New Zealand were formerly included in this species, but in 2007 these were assigned to a new species, the southern Mandarin dogfish. It is not clear which of these species is involved in other populations from the tropical West Pacific. In March 2013 it was announced that two sharks caught near Rottnest Island off the coast of Western Australia in 2011"
"had been identified as ""Cirrhigaleus barbifer"". Mandarin dogfish The mandarin dogfish (""Cirrhigaleus barbifer"") is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found at depths of off southern Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia (Bali and Lombok). Populations off Australia and New Zealand were formerly included in this species, but in 2007 these were assigned to a new species, the southern Mandarin dogfish. It is not clear which of these species is involved in other populations from the tropical West Pacific. In March 2013 it was announced that two sharks caught near Rottnest Island off the"
"to the clade formed by the granular dogfish (""C. granulatum"") and combtooth dogfish (""C. nigrum""). The black dogfish is a common species, with a wide but discontinuous distribution in the temperate waters of the Atlantic Ocean; its range abuts, but does not extend into, the Arctic Ocean. In the northeast, it occurs from Iceland to Sierra Leone, including the Faroe Islands, southern Norway, and the Rockall Trough and Porcupine Seabight off Ireland. In the northwest, it is found from southern Greenland and Baffin Island to Virginia, being particularly abundant in the Laurentian Channel, and may occur further south to the"
"Squalidae The Squalidae, also called dogfish sharks or spiny dogfishes, are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes. They have two dorsal fins, each with smooth spines, but no anal fin, and their skin is generally rough to the touch. Unlike virtually all other shark species, dogfish sharks possess venom which coats their dorsal spines – this venom is mildly toxic to humans. These sharks are characterized by teeth in upper and lower jaws similar in size; a caudal peduncle with lateral keels; the upper precaudal pit usually is present; and the caudal fin is without a subterminal notch."
"Pacific spiny dogfish The Pacific spiny dogfish (""Squalus suckleyi"") is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of sharks in the world. This species is closely related to ""Squalus acanthias"" and for many years they were treated as a single species. Recent research, using meristic, morphological and molecular data led to the resurrection of Pacific Spiny Dogfish as a separate species. The American Fisheries Society recommends the common name ""Pacific Spiny Dogfish"" for ""Squalus suckleyi"" over alternatives such as ""Spotted Spiny Dogfish"" and ""North Pacific Spiny Dogfish"" and ""Spiny Dogfish"""
"Bay, Gulf of Alaska, Between 2006 and 2014"" (PDF). NOAA Technical Memorandum – via Science Direct. Pacific spiny dogfish The Pacific spiny dogfish (""Squalus suckleyi"") is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of sharks in the world. This species is closely related to ""Squalus acanthias"" and for many years they were treated as a single species. Recent research, using meristic, morphological and molecular data led to the resurrection of Pacific Spiny Dogfish as a separate species. The American Fisheries Society recommends the common name ""Pacific Spiny Dogfish"" for ""Squalus"
"of each of its two dorsal fans. It probably feeds on bottom fishes and invertebrates. The isopod parasites which commonly infest the mouth and gills of marine fish are unusually large in the Cuban dogfish. Its reproduction is ovoviviparous, with 10 pups in a litter. It is not generally used for food, but taken commercially for the oil and vitamins extracted from its liver. Cuban dogfish The Cuban dogfish (""Squalus cubensis"") is a dogfish, a member of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes. It is found in the Western Atlantic from North Carolina to Florida, in the Gulf of"
"Goldfish The goldfish (""Carassius auratus"") is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes. It is one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish. A relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp), the goldfish is native to East Asia. It was first selectively bred in Ancient China more than a thousand years ago, and several distinct breeds have since been developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration and colouration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known). Starting in ancient"
"Percophidae The Percophidae, duckbills, are a family of percomorph fishes, from the order Trachiniformes, found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and in the southwestern and southeastern Pacific. They are small fishes: the largest species, the Brazilian flathead, ""Percophis brasiliensis"", grows up to about , but to is more typical. A few species are fished commercially, including the Brazilian flathead. The species in the family Percohidae are elongated, benthic fishes with an anteriorly depressed head, a broad flat snout which gives rise to the common name duckbills. The mouth is large with a prognathous lower"
"Butterfly kingfish The butterfly kingfish (""Gasterochisma melampus"") is an ocean-dwelling ray-finned bony fish in the mackerel family, Scombridae – a family which it shares with the tunas, mackerels, Spanish mackerels, and bonitos. Unlike the 50 species from those four tribes, however, this species is unique in that it is the only scombrid to be classified apart from the rest, into the subfamily Gasterochismatinae and genus ""Gasterochisma"". Although taxonomists and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have accepted the name ""butterfly kingfish"", this fish has had many common names, including big-scaled mackerel, bigscale mackerel, butterfly mackerel, butterfly tuna,"
"than male dogfish. At sexual maturity the male dogfish is 60–70 cm while the female is about 70–100 cm. This length difference can be caused by the reproduction process of the female. Their bodies need to be bigger to carry and protect their eggs within their bodies. Pacific dogfish are ovoviviparous. This means that they produce eggs that hatch within the body. The size of the litter ranges from 1 to 20 newborns. Fertilization usually occurs from the beginning of October to the beginning of February. The Pacific dogfish is an elasmobranchs or cartilaginous fish which includes sharks, skates and"
"Nototheniidae The cod icefishes or notothens are the family Nototheniidae of acanthopterygian fishes. They are traditionally placed in the Perciformes together with their relatives, but like every lineage in the order, their actual relationships are not yet determined with certainty. They are largely found in the Southern Ocean and off the coast of Antarctica. As the dominant Antarctic fish taxa, they occupy both sea-bottom and water-column ecological niches. Although lacking a gas bladder, they have undergone a depth-related diversification, such as increased fatty tissues and reduced mineralization of the bones, resulting in a body density approaching neutral, to fill a"
"fabricii"" in honor of missionary and naturalist Otto Fabricius, who pioneered the study of Greenlandic fishes. German biologists Johannes Müller and Jakob Henle, in their 1839–41 ""Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen"", created the new genus ""Centroscyllium"" for this species. According to the IUCN, further taxonomic investigation is required to confirm the black dogfish in the North Atlantic and the southeastern Atlantic represent the same species. A 2010 phylogenetic study by Nicolas Straube and colleagues, based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, found the black dogfish is the sister species of the whitefin dogfish (""C. ritteri""), and the two are, in turn, sister"
"Sablefish The sablefish (""Anoplopoma fimbria"") is one of two members of the fish family Anoplopomatidae and the only species in the genus Anoplopoma. In English, common names for it include sable (USA), butterfish (USA), black cod (USA, UK, Canada), blue cod (UK), bluefish (UK), candlefish (UK), coal cod (UK), coalfish (Canada), beshow, and skil(fish) (Canada), although many of these names also refer to other, unrelated, species. In the US, the FDA accepts only ""sablefish"" as the Acceptable Market Name; ""black cod"" is considered a vernacular (regional) name and should not be used as a Statement of Identity for this species."
"Atlantic spadefish The Atlantic spadefish (""Chaetodipterus faber"") is a species of marine fish belonging to the family Ephippidae. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word ""chaíti"" meaning ""mane"" and ""dipteros"" meaning ""with two fins."" The Atlantic spadefish belongs to the genus ""Chaetodipterus"", which includes two other species: the West African spadefish (""Chaetodipterus lippei"") and the Pacific spadefish (""Chaetodipterus zonatus""). The genus ""Chaetodipterus"" belongs to the family Ephippidae, which includes spadefish and batfish. ""Chaetodipterus faber"" is known by numerous other colloquial names, including angelfish, white angelfish, threetailed porgy, ocean cobbler, and moonfish. The disk-shaped body is very deep and"
"Toadfish Toadfish is the common name for a variety of species from several different families of fish, usually because of their toad-like appearance. ""Dogfish"" is a name for certain species along the gulf coast. Toadfish make up a notable portion of the dolphin's diet, approximately 13%. Scientific experiments have shown that the mating call of the toadfish alerts dolphin predators to the fish's location. Similarly, the sounds caused by the dolphin when hunting its prey alert toadfish to the location of the predators and cause the fish to silence their mating call. Male toadfish will reduce their mating calls by"
"in the stomach of the shark; and that on several occasions he has known it eat its way, not only through the coats of the stomach, but through the sides of the monster"". Porcupinefish Porcupinefish are fish belonging to the family Diodontidae (order Tetraodontiformes), also commonly called blowfish and, sometimes, balloonfish and globefish. They are sometimes collectively called pufferfish, not to be confused with the morphologically similar and closely related Tetraodontidae, which are more commonly given this name. Porcupinefish are medium- to large-sized fish, and are found in shallow temperate and tropical seas worldwide. A few species are found much"
"Frogfish Frogfishes are any member of the anglerfish family Antennariidae, of the order Lophiiformes. Antennariids are known as anglerfishes in Australia, where the term ""frogfish"" refers to members of the unrelated family Batrachoididae. Frogfishes are found in almost all tropical and subtropical oceans and seas around the world, the primary exception being the Mediterranean Sea. Frogfishes are small, short and stocky, and sometimes covered in spinules and other appendages to aid in camouflage. The camouflage aids in protection from predators and enables them to lure prey. Many species can change colour; some are covered with other organisms such as algae"
"Chain catshark The chain catshark or chain dogfish (""Scyliorhinus retifer"") is a small, reticulated catshark that is biofluorescent. The species is common in the Northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. It is harmless and rarely encountered by humans. It has very similar reproductive traits to the small-spotted catshark (""S. canicula""). The chain catfish is found in the Northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean, ranging from George's Bank in Massachusetts, to Nicaragua and Barbados. In the Mid-Atlantic Bight, the chain catshark is found along the outer continental shelf and upper slope. The shark occupies depths of ; in the"
"Dog whelk The dog whelk, dogwhelk, or Atlantic dogwinkle, scientific name Nucella lapillus, is a species of predatory sea snail, a carnivorous marine gastropod in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. ""Nucella lapillus"" was originally described by Linnaeus in 1758 as ""Buccinum lapillus"" (the basionym). ""Dog whelk"" can also refer to the Nassariidae. This species is found around the coasts of Europe and in the northern west Atlantic coast of North America. It is also can be found in estuarine waters along the Atlantic coasts. This species prefers rocky shores, where it eats mussels and acorn barnacles. The dog whelk"
"and 11 but average 6 or 7. Spiny dogfish are bottom-dwellers. They are commonly found at depths of around , but have been found deeper than . Life span is estimated to be up to 100 years and their gestation period is 18 to 24 months, which may be the longest of any known animal. Spiny dogfish are consumed as human food in Europe, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Chile. The meat is primarily consumed in England, France, the Benelux countries and Germany. The fins and tails are processed into fin needles and are used in less expensive"
"they actually are. Thus, the classification of the suborders and families of the Stomiiformes is: Stomiiformes Stomiiformes is an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes of very diverse morphology. It includes, for example, dragonfishes, lightfishes (Gonostomatidae and Phosichthyidae), loosejaws, marine hatchetfishes and viperfishes. The order contains 4 families (5 according to some authors) with more than 50 genera and at least 410 species. As usual for deep-sea fishes, there are few common names for species of the order, but the Stomiiformes as a whole are often called dragonfishes and allies or simply stomiiforms. The scientific name means """"Stomias""-shaped"", from ""Stomias"" (the"
"Tigerfish Tigerfish can refer to fish from various families, and derives from official and colloquial associations of these with the tiger (""Panthera tigris""). However, the primary species designated by the name ""tigerfish"" are African and belong to the family Alestidae. Several species belonging to the genus ""Hydrocynus"" of the family Alestidae are referred to as ""tigerfish,"" and are particularly prized as game fish. These African fish are found in many rivers and lakes on the continent and are fierce predators with distinctive, proportionally large teeth. The goliath tigerfish (""Hydrocynus goliath"") is among the most famous tigerfish. The largest one on"
"to no commercial uses. When caught, the most probable use of ""O. paradoxus"" is as fishmeal or bait. Sailfin roughshark The sailfin roughshark (""Oxynotus paradoxus"") is a species of dogfish shark in the family Oxynotidae, found in the eastern North Atlantic from Scotland to Senegal between latitudes 61°N and 11°N, at depths of between . Its length is up to . Its reproduction is ovoviviparous. ""Oxynotus paradoxus"" is thought to be a slow-moving predator of small benthic animal. The sailfin roughsharks is found near the Eastern Atlantic ocean at those depths. However, it has been reported to be found on"
"Notopogon The bellowfishes or bellowsfishes are fishes in the genus Notopogon in the family Centriscidae. They are found in deeper parts of the temperate southern oceans, although the longspine bellowfish has been recorded as far north as New Caledonia and Madagascar. According to FishBase, they are part of the family Centriscidae, but some authorities split that family, in which case the genus ""Notopogon"" is in the family Macroramphosidae, which is followed here. They have long second spines on their dorsal fins and tiny mouths at the tip of their greatly elongated snouts. Their bodies are relatively high (giving them a"
"Narcinidae The numbfishes are a group of electric rays (order Torpediniformes) in the family Narcinidae. They are bottom-dwelling cartilaginous fishes with large, rounded pectoral fin discs and long tails. They can produce an electric discharge for defense, from which their scientific name is derived (Greek ""narke"", meaning ""paralysis""). Members of this family are commonly known as the numbfishes, and are found almost worldwide in warm temperate and tropical continental and continental insular waters. They are strictly marine, so are absent from rivers and lakes. They occur in sandy beaches, muddy enclosed bays, estuaries, off coral reefs and river mouths, and"
"Elopidae The Elopidae are a family of ray-finned fish containing the single genus Elops. They are commonly known as ladyfish, skipjacks, jack-rashes, or tenpounders. The ladyfish are a coastal-dwelling fish found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, occasionally venturing into temperate waters. Spawning takes place at sea, and the fish larvae migrate inland entering brackish waters. Their food is smaller fish and crustaceans (shrimp). Typically throughout the species, the maximum size is and the maximum weight . The body is fusiform (tapering spindle shape) and oval in cross-section; being slightly laterally compressed, and the eyes are large and partially covered"
"""Heteroteuthis dispar"", ""Histioteuthis"" spp., ""Lycoteuthis lorigera"", and ""Taningia danae"". In the Mediterranean sea, the Portuguese dogfish is one of the most common deepwater sharks along with the blackmouth catshark (""Galeus melastomus"") and the velvet belly lantern shark (""Etmopterus spinax""), and the only shark abundant below a depth of . By inhabiting deeper water, Portuguese dogfish in the Mediterranean may reduce competition with the other two species. The smaller size of Mediterranean sharks relative to those from the rest of the world may be due to limited food availability and/or the warmer, saltier environment. Some 87% of the diet of Portuguese"
"Rasptooth dogfish The rasptooth dogfish (""Etmopterus sheikoi"") is a dogfish, found on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the northwest Pacific Ocean at depths of 360 m. Its maximum length is unknown. This species was originally described as ""Centroscyllium sheikoi"", and subsequently allocated to the newly-named genus ""Miroscyllium"" based on anatomical features not shared with other ""Centroscyllium"". More recent molecular data suggest this species belongs to the genus ""Etmopterus"", but as of June 2014 ""Miroscyllium sheikoi"" remains the valid name recognized by FishBase, the ""Catalog of Fishes"" World Register of Marine Species, and the IUCN The genus name ""Miroscyllium"" was proposed in"
"Houndfish The houndfish (""Tylosurus crocodilus"") is a game fish of the family Belonidae. It is the largest member of its family, growing up to in length and in weight. It is also often called the crocodile needlefish. While the houndfish has no spines, its dorsal fin has 21–25 soft rays, and its anal fin has 19–22. They are also known to have 80–86 vertebrae. A key way of distinguishing the houndfish from other members of the genus ""Tylosurus"" is that the houndfish's teeth point anteriorly when the fish is a juvenile. The teeth of other species are straight at all"