Which long-serving Italian prime minister of the 20th century was kidnapped and tragically killed by a group called the Red Brigades in 1978?
"occasion. 1977 was the year with the most terrorist actions. Christian Democrat Aldo Moro was assassinated in May 1978 by the Red Brigades, a terrorist leftist group then led by Mario Moretti. Before his murder, Aldo Moro, a central figure in the Christian Democrat Party, several times Prime Minister, was trying to include the Communist Party, headed by Enrico Berlinguer, in the parliamentary majority, an operation called the ""historic compromise"". At this point, the PCI was the largest communist party in western Europe; this was largely due to its reformist orientation, to its growing independence from Moscow and to the"
"he operated), he eventually was approached by the state itself. On the morning of 16 March 1978, the car of Aldo Moro, former prime minister and then president of Christian Democracy (DC, Italy's relative majority party at the time), was assaulted by a group of Brigate Rosse terrorists in Via Fani in Rome and Moro was kidnapped. The authorities immediately began seeking for where Aldo Moro was being kept, and asked for the assistance of several criminal organizations in finding the location of Moro's hideout: they asked Cosa Nostra, the Camorra, the 'Ndrangheta and the Banda della Magliana. Giuseppucci was"
"of the Communists in a Western country would have represented a cultural failure for the USA. The Soviets considered potential participation by the Italian Communist Party in a cabinet a form of emancipation from Moscow and rapprochement to the Americans, therefore also opposing it. On 16 March 1978, on Via Fani, a street in Rome, a unit of the militant far-left organisation known as the Red Brigades () blocked the two-car convoy transporting Moro and kidnapped him, murdering his five bodyguards. At the time, all of the founding members of the Red Brigades were in jail; therefore, the organisation led"
"several previous requests. During the kidnapping of Moro, despite Andreotti and Cossiga's position, Fanfani did not refuse every possibility of negotiations with the terrorists. Moro was killed by the Red Brigades in May 1978. Fanfani was the only Christian Democratic leaders to be allowed by Moro's family to participate to the funeral. From 1982 to 1983 Fanfani served as the Prime Minister for the fifth time, leading a coalition with Socialists, Social Democrats, Republicans and Liberals. After the 1983 general election, which were marked by a bad result for the Christian Democrats, Fanfani resigned and the Socialist leader Bettino Craxi"
"Christian Democratic former prime minister of Italy (March 1978). Gallinari was one of the killers who ambushed the politician's car in Via Fani in Rome, assassinating three of the policemen who were part of Moro's armed escort. After Moro's kidnapping, Gallinari became a member of the executive committee of the BR. Moro was subsequently killed in obscure circumstances the following May. Gallinari was arrested on 24 September 1979 while changing number plates on cars which would be used in a Red Brigade action. He was shot twice by the Italian police before he was arrested and underwent a five-hour emergency"
"and Bettino Craxi. Also the rightist Christian Democrat Giulio Andreotti had doubts about the accommodation. Finally, the PCI started to provide external support to a Christian Democratic one-party government led by Andreotti. Despite this, several radical communists in the PCI boycotted the government. There was an increase in far-left terrorism, mainly committed by the Red Brigades (, BR). The BR kidnapped Aldo Moro, the then Party President of DC, on 16 March 1978. After several consultations in the Italian Parliament, the government refused the terrorists' conditions, and Moro was killed on 9 May 1978. A strong anti-communist sentiment rose, and"
"not be met by the Italian government. He was sentenced to six life sentences for his crime, but, after serving 15 years in jail, he was paroled in 1998. In terms of his parole, he is allowed to work outside prison, but must return to prison at night and over weekends. Mario Moretti Mario Moretti (born 16 January 1946) is an Italian terrorist. A leading member of the Red Brigades in the late 1970s, he was one of the kidnappers of Aldo Moro, the president of Italy's largest party, Democrazia Cristiana, and several times premier, in 1978; Moretti later confessed"
"When Moro was abducted by the Red Brigades in 1978, the Christian Democrats in government immediately took a hardline position: the ""State must not bend"" on terrorist demands. They refused to negotiate with the Red Brigades, while local Christian Democrats in Campania made every effort and even negotiated with criminals to release Cirillo, a relatively minor politician in comparison with Moro. Cirillo died on 30 July 2017 at age 96. Kidnapping of Ciro Cirillo On April 27, 1981, the Red Brigades kidnapped the 60-year-old Christian Democrat (DC) politician Ciro Cirillo and killed his two-man escort in the garage of his"
"in Italy. In this context, the PCI opened its doors to many Catholics and a debate started about the possibility of contact. Notably, Berlinguer's strictly Catholic family was not brought out of its strictly respected privacy. In the general election of June 1976, the PCI gained 34.4% of the vote. In Italy a so-called ""government of national solidarity"" was ruling, but Berlinguer claimed that in an emergency government a strong and powerful cabinet to solve a crisis of exceptional gravity was needed. On 16 March 1978, Aldo Moro, President of the Christian Democratic Party, was kidnapped by the Red Brigades,"
"to 1980. He then became the regional councilor of public works and chairman of the commission which oversaw the regions recovery efforts following the Irpinia earthquake in November 1980. On April 27, 1981, Cirllo was kidnapped from his home in Torre del Greco by five members of the Red Brigade. During the kidnapping, Cirillo's police escort, Giovanni Senanzi, and his chauffeur, Mario Cancello, were killed in a shoot out between the Red Brigade and the police, while his secretary suffered leg wounds. Cirillo was held captive by the Red Brigade for 89 days. While Cirillo's kidnapping drew worldwide headlines, many"
"Moro's kidnapping and murder with varying degrees of fictionalization including the following: Aldo Moro Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy party. He served as 38th Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. He was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war Prime Ministers, holding power for a combined total of more than six years. Due to his accommodation with the Communist leader Enrico Berlinguer, known as the Historic Compromise, Moro is widely considered one of the most"
"Mario Moretti Mario Moretti (born 16 January 1946) is an Italian terrorist. A leading member of the Red Brigades in the late 1970s, he was one of the kidnappers of Aldo Moro, the president of Italy's largest party, Democrazia Cristiana, and several times premier, in 1978; Moretti later confessed to killing the politician. Moretti was born in Porto San Giorgio, Marche region of Italy, into a middle-class, right-wing, family. Later Moretti tried to fabricate for himself a leftist and proletarian family environment, but the documents collected by the Italian Parliament's commission into the assassination of Aldo Moro later denied this"
"Brigades (""Brigate Rosse"" or BR), involved in the May 1978 kidnapping of Aldo Moro, two-time Prime Minister of Italy, and leader of the Christian-Democrat Party, among others. He was wrongly suspected to have made a threatening phone call on behalf of the BR, but the court was unable to conclusively prove his ties. The question of Negri's complicity with left-wing extremism is a controversial subject. He was indicted on a number of charges, including ""association and insurrection against the state"" (a charge which was later dropped), and sentenced for involvement in two murders. Negri fled to France where, protected by"
"save a life. In 2018, the daughter of Mr. Aldo Moro, the Italian political leader kidnapped and killed by the Red Brigades, Ms. Maria Fida Moro, reacted to a controversial statement made by a former terrorist on the 40th anniversary of his father's murder by indicating that the only former terrorist that she had respect for had been Marco Donat-Cattin, who would have wanted ""to be cancelled from the world and who died trying to give back to others part of what he had taken away"". [ Marco Donat-Cattin Marco Donat-Cattin (28 September 1953 – 19 June 1988) was an"
"who was negotiating a ""compromesso storico"", or ""historic compromise"", with the Communists. The kidnappers killed five members of Moro's police escort, and murdered Moro himself 54 days later. In the 1980s, the group was broken up by Italian investigators, with the aid of several leaders under arrest who turned ""pentito"" and assisted the authorities in capturing the other members. The Red Brigades were founded in August 1970 by Renato Curcio and Margherita (Mara) Cagol, who had met as students at the University of Trento and later married, and Alberto Franceschini. Franceschini's grandmother had been a leader of the peasant leagues,"
"the ""Red Brigades"" in Rome. On 16 April 1988, Senator Roberto Ruffilli was assassinated in an attack by a group of the ""Red Brigades"" in Forlì. It was the last murder committed by the ""Red Brigades"": on 23 October a group of irreducibles declared, in a document, that war against the State was over. In the late 1990s - early 2000s (decade), a resurgence of ""Red Brigades"" terrorism led to further assassinations. On 20 May 1999, Massimo D'Antona, consultant to the Ministry of Labour, was assassinated in an attack by a group of terrorists of the ""Red Brigades"" in Rome."
"Red Brigades The Red Brigades ( , often abbreviated ""BR"") was a left-wing terrorist organization, based in Italy, responsible for numerous violent incidents, including assassinations, kidnapping and robberies during the so-called ""Years of Lead"". Formed in 1970, the organization sought to create a ""revolutionary"" state through armed struggle, and to remove Italy from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Red Brigades attained notoriety in the 1970s and early 1980s with their violent attempts to destabilise Italy by acts of sabotage, bank robberies, kidnappings and murders. Models for the Red Brigades included the Latin American urban guerrilla movements and the World"
"Kidnapping of Ciro Cirillo On April 27, 1981, the Red Brigades kidnapped the 60-year-old Christian Democrat (DC) politician Ciro Cirillo and killed his two-man escort in the garage of his Naples apartment building. At the time Cirillo directed reconstruction efforts in Campania devastated by the earthquake in the Irpinia region on November 23, 1980. He was released after a controversial deal with the Camorra. Cirillo was a key figure in the Campanian regional DC hierarchy. He was the right-hand man of Antonio Gava – one of the national leaders of the Doroteo faction of the DC –, responsible for appointments"
"sunk by a German submarine in 1917. Consequently, one of the prosecutors questioned the reliability of Fonti on the alleged sinkings, despite the fact that his collaboration with the authorities since 1994 had resulted in high-profile arrests of 'Ndrangheta members involved in drug trafficking. Fonti was also involved in attempts to locate the place in Rome where the Christian Democrat politician and former Prime Minister Aldo Moro was held by the militant communist group the Red Brigades after they had kidnapped him on March 16, 1978. He received the task from Romeo, who had been asked by unnamed national and"
"He would later try to include the Communist Party as well with a deal called the ""historic compromise"". However, this attempt at compromise was stopped by the kidnapping and murder of Moro in 1978 by the Red Brigades, an extremist left-wing terrorist organization. The Communist Party was at this point the largest communist party in Western Europe and remained such for the rest of its existence. Their ability to attract members was largely due to their pragmatic stance, especially their rejection of extremism and to their growing independence from Moscow (see Eurocommunism). The Italian communist party was especially strong in"
"An amateur photographer had taken a photo of the killer that enabled police to identify the terrorists. The group was investigated, and more members arrested. Some fled to Milan and joined the ""Gruppi di Azione Partigiana"" (GAP) and, later, the Red Brigades. The Red Brigades considered Gruppo XXII Ottobre its predecessor and, in April 1974, they kidnapped Judge Mario Sossi in a failed attempt at freeing the jailed members. Years later, the Red Brigades killed judge Francesco Coco on June 8, 1976, along with his two police escorts, Giovanni Saponara and Antioco Deiana, in revenge. On 17 May 1972, police"
"most popular leaders in the history of the Italian Republic. Moro was considered an intellectual and a patient mediator, especially in the internal life of his party. He was kidnapped on 16 March 1978 by the Red Brigades and killed after 55 days of captivity. Aldo Moro was born in 1916 in Maglie, near Lecce, in the Apulia region, into a family from Ugento. His father was a school inspector, while his mother was a teacher. At age of 4, he moved with his family to Milan, but they soon moved back to Apulia, where he gained a classical high"
"Valerio Morucci Valerio Morucci (born 22 July 1949) is an Italian former terrorist, who was a member of the Red Brigades and who took part in the kidnapping and assassination of Aldo Moro in 1978. Morucci was born in Rome. He took part in the libertarian movement of 1968, and later entered Potere Operaio, a far-left organization. After the dissolution of Potere Operaio in 1973, he tried to form several political-military organizations including the Formazioni Comuniste Armate (FCA), which were absorbed by the Red Brigades (Italian: ""Brigate Rosse"", or BR) in 1976. Morucci, considered an expert in weapons and military"
"Italian police, civil protection and secret services. He was in office at the time of the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro by Red Brigades, and resigned as Minister of the Interior when Moro was found dead in 1978. Cossiga was Prime Minister when neo-fascist terrorists bombed Bologna railway station in 1980. He was also a professor of constitutional law at the University of Sassari. Francesco Cossiga was born in Sassari on 26 July 1928, by a republican and anti-fascist middle-bourgeois family. He was the second-degree cousin of Enrico and Giovanni Berlinguer. Although he was commonly called ""Cossìga"", the original"
"of the merger of Renato Curcio's Proletarian Left and a radical student and worker group. They went completely underground and organized the Red Brigades and spent the next three years, from 1972 to 1975, engaging in a series of bombings and kidnappings of prominent figures. Franceschini was captured and imprisoned in 1974. He was released in 1992. Alberto Franceschini Alberto Franceschini (born 26 October 1947) is an Italian former terrorist, a founder and leading member of the Italian left-wing militant organization, the Red Brigades (""Brigate Rosse""), along with Renato Curcio, Margherita Cagol and Mario Moretti. Franceschini was born in Reggio"
"were instrumental in the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) gaining power in the 1960s and they created a coalition. The assassination of the Christian Democrat leader Aldo Moro in 1978 ended the strategy of ""historic compromise"" between the DC and the Italian Communist Party (PCI). The assassination was carried out by the Red Brigades, then led by Mario Moretti. Between 1968 and 1988, 428 murders were attributed to political violence in the form of bombings, assassinations, and street warfare between rival militant factions. Public protests shook Italy during 1969, with the autonomist student movement being particularly active, leading to the occupation"
"and, in particular, the associations of victims of terrorism and their family members are adamantly against it. A new group, with few links, if any, with the old BR, appeared in the late 1990s. The Red Brigades-PCC in 1999 murdered , an advisor to the cabinet of Prime Minister Massimo D'Alema. On 19 March 2002, the same gun was used to kill professor Marco Biagi, an economic advisor to Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. The Red Brigades-PCC again claimed responsibility. On 3 March 2003, two followers, Mario Galesi and Nadia Desdemona Lioce, started a firefight with a police patrol on"
"into small isolated cells, and had connections with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and Carlos the Jackal. Although the group's leaders, including Gudrun Ensslin, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof were arrested in 1972, it carried out major attacks, including kidnapping and hijacking. On April 7, 1977 unknown RAF members assassinated a Prosecutor-General, Siegfried Buback, a former Nazi. The Red Brigades were founded in August 1970, mostly by former members of the Communist Youth movement who had been expelled from the parent party for extremist views. The largest terrorist group in Italy, its aim was to overthrow the"
"number of attacks and assassinations between the years of 1976 and 1978, culminating in the assassination of Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978. In 1990, while still incarcerated, Curcio started a publishing company, along with Steffano Petrella and Nicola Valentino, called Sensibili alle Foglie, or Sensitive to the Leaves. In April 1993 he was allowed to spend the day outside the jail in order to work as writer then in 1998 he was freed. To date, Curcio has not expressed remorse for the activity of the Red Brigades. In August 2007, French actress Fanny Ardant expressed her ""admiration"" for"
"In 1978, his action was able to determine Italy's decision to join the European Monetary System. Following the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro, La Malfa gave a tearful and memorable speech in the Chamber of Deputies condemning terrorism and the Red Brigades. Though nominated by President Sandro Pertini as Prime Minister in early 1979, the first secular politician to reach this stage, he was unable to form a government, and later became deputy Prime Minister and then Minister of the Budget under Giulio Andreotti's second government. On March 24, 1979, he suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, and died two days"
"intelligence. The Years of Lead culminated in the assassination of the Christian Democrat leader Aldo Moro in 1978 and the Bologna railway station massacre in 1980, where 85 people died. In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-Christian-Democrat premiers: one republican (Giovanni Spadolini) and one socialist (Bettino Craxi); the Christian Democrats remained, however, the main government party. During Craxi's government, the economy recovered and Italy became the world's fifth largest industrial nation, after it gained the entry into the G7 Group in '70s. However, as a result of his spending policies, the Italian"
"high-profile political kidnappings (e.g., Genoa judge Mario Sossi) and kidnapped industrialists (e.g., Vallarino Gancia) in order to obtain ransom money which (together with bank robberies) were their main source of income. After 1974, the Red Brigades expanded into Rome, Genoa, and Venice, their numbers grew drastically and began to diversify in its criminal ventures. Bank robberies, kidnappings, drugs and arms trafficking were the major crimes. Its 1975 manifesto stated that its goal was a ""concentrated strike against the heart of the State, because the state is an imperialist collection of multinational corporations"". The ""SIM"" (Stato Imperialista delle Multinazionali) became a"
"(a former SS officer and an important West German industrialist), executing him on October 19. The hijacking of the Lufthansa jetliner ""Landshut"" by the PFLP, a Palestinian group, is also considered to be part of German Autumn. The Red Brigades were a New Left group founded by Renato Curcio and Alberto Franceschini in 1970 that sought to create a revolutionary state. The group carried out a series of bombings and kidnappings until Curcio and Franceschini were arrested in the mid-1970s. Their successor as leader, Mario Moretti, led the group toward more militarized and violent actions, including the kidnapping of former"