'Wing finger' is the literal meaning of which extinct reptile?
"Pterodactylus Pterodactylus ( , from the , ', meaning ""winged finger"") is an extinct genus of pterosaurs, whose members are popularly known as pterodactyls ( ). It is currently thought to contain only a single species, Pterodactylus antiquus, the first pterosaur species to be named and identified as a flying reptile. The fossil remains of this species have been found primarily in the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany, dated to the late Jurassic Period (early Tithonian), about 150.8–148.5 million years ago, though more fragmentary remains have been tentatively identified from elsewhere in Europe and in Africa. It was a carnivore"
"Aerodactylus Aerodactylus (meaning ""wind finger"") is a pterosaur genus containing a single species, Aerodactylus scolopaciceps, previously regarded as a species of ""Pterodactylus"". The fossil remains of this species have been found only in the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany, dated to the late Jurassic Period (early Tithonian), about 150.8–148.5 million years ago. Like all pterosaurs, the wings of ""Aerodactylus"" were formed by a skin and muscle membrane stretching from its elongated fourth finger to its hind limbs. It was supported internally by collagen fibres and externally by keratinous ridges. Several well preserved fossils have shown that ""Aerodactylus"" was covered in"
"Dermodactylus Dermodactylus (meaning ""skin finger"", from Greek ""derma"" and ""daktylos"", in reference to pterosaur wings being skin membranes supported by the ring fingers) was a genus of pterodactyloid (general term for ""short-tailed"" pterosaur) pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, United States. It is based on a single partial bone, from the hand. ""Dermodactylus"" is based on YPM 2000, a distal right fourth metacarpal found by Samuel Wendell Williston at Como Bluff. This bone constituted at the time the oldest pterosaur remains found, recognized, and described from North America. Othniel Charles Marsh first named it as a"
"sacral), and femorae. Additional material was described in 2004 (including a partial braincase) and 2006; in the latter publication, the authors suggested that its larger contemporary ""Kepodactylus"" could be the same animal, although there are minor differences. Jensen and Padian classified ""Mesadactylus"" as a pterodactyloid. In 2007 S. Christopher Bennett claimed that the holotype and the referred material came from different forms and that, while the last was indeed of a pterodactyloid nature, the synsacrum belonged to a member of the Anurognathidae. Mesadactylus Mesadactylus ('mesa finger') is an extinct genus of pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of"
"suggesting that Vidovic and Martill had grouped an unnatural assemblage of specimens; and 3) that no evidence had been presented to rule out effects of preservation or individual variation on the slight differences between ""Aerodactylus"" and ""Pterodactylus""""."" Bennett concluded that ""Aerodactylus scolopaciceps"" is a junior synonym of ""Pterodactylus antiquus"". Aerodactylus Aerodactylus (meaning ""wind finger"") is a pterosaur genus containing a single species, Aerodactylus scolopaciceps, previously regarded as a species of ""Pterodactylus"". The fossil remains of this species have been found only in the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany, dated to the late Jurassic Period (early Tithonian), about 150.8–148.5 million years"
"Pterodactyloidea Pterodactyloidea (derived from the Greek words ""πτερόν"" (""pterón"", for usual ""ptéryx"") ""wing"", and ""δάκτυλος"" (""dáctylos"") ""finger"" meaning ""winged finger"", ""wing-finger"" or ""finger-wing"") is one of the two traditional suborders of pterosaurs (""wing lizards""), and contains the most derived members of this group of flying reptiles. They appeared during the middle Jurassic Period, and differ from the basal (though paraphyletic) rhamphorhynchoids by their short tails and long wing metacarpals (hand bones). The most advanced forms also lack teeth, and by the late Cretaceous, all known pterodactyloids were toothless. Many species had well developed crests on the skull, a form of"
"name ""flexiraptor"" was coined to reflect this ability. Pengana Pengana robertbolesi, also referred to as the flexiraptor, is an extinct bird of prey that lived during the Early Miocene (23–16 million years ago). Living relatives of ""P. robertbolesi"" may include the harriers. When alive, it may have resembled a cross between the secretary bird and crested caracara. Its remains were found in Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia. ""P. robertbolesi"" is only known from a tibiotarsus (ankle bone). However, this is of most peculiar construction, allowing the leg to be swivelled backwards and sideways. The bird was thus well adapted to reaching into"
"Navajodactylus Navajodactylus (meaning ""Navajo finger"") is an extinct genus of pterosaur from Late Cretaceous (late Campanian stage) deposits of San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Alberta, Canada. The holotype specimen was discovered and collected by oceanographer Arjan C. Boeré from the Kirtland Formation in 2002. ""Navajodactylus"" was first named by Robert M. Sullivan and Denver W. Fowler in 2011 and the type species is ""Navajodactylus boerei"". The generic name honors the Navajo Nation, combining their name with a Greek δάκτυλος, ""daktylos"", ""finger"". The specific name honors Arjan C. Boeré. ""Navajodactylus"" is based on the holotype SMP VP-1445, from the Hunter"
"species assigned to ""Pterodactylus"" are based on poor remains that have proven difficult to assign to one species or another, and are therefore considered ""nomina dubia"" (""doubtful names""). The following list includes names that are based on German material presently, or until recently, thought to be pertaining to ""Pterodactylus"" proper and names based on other material that has as yet not been assigned to other genera. Pterodactylus Pterodactylus ( , from the , ', meaning ""winged finger"") is an extinct genus of pterosaurs, whose members are popularly known as pterodactyls ( ). It is currently thought to contain only a"
"Ascendonanus Ascendonanus (meaning ""climbing dwarf"") is an extinct genus of varanopid ""pelycosaurian"" synapsid from the Early Permian of Germany. It is the earliest specialized arboreal (tree-living) vertebrate currently known and resembled a small lizard, although it was related to mammals. The fossils of ""Ascendonanus"" are of special scientific importance because they include remains of skin, scales, scutes, bony ossicles, and body outlines, indicating that some of the oldest relatives of mammals had a scaly ""reptilian-type"" appearance. The animal was about 40 cm long, with strongly curved claws, short limbs, a slender, elongated trunk, and a long tail. It would have"
"Mesadactylus Mesadactylus ('mesa finger') is an extinct genus of pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Colorado, United States. The genus was named in 1989 by James Jensen and Kevin Padian. The type species is ""Mesadactylus ornithosphyos"". The holotype is BYU 2024, a synsacrum of seven sacral vertebrae, featuring a unique—for a pterosaur—complete fusion of the spinae into a supraneural blade, a character, as the specific name indicates more typical for birds, at first leading Jensen to assign the fossil to a bird, ""Palaeopteryx"". Further referred associated remains include arms bones, pectoral girdle bones, vertebrae (including cervix and"
"to the Azhdarchidae, because of its geological age as it does not show any synapomorphies of the group. Indeed, it may not actually be an azhdarchid, as it lacks pneumacy in its forelimb elements, as opposed to the extensive pneumacy seen in azhdarchids. Navajodactylus Navajodactylus (meaning ""Navajo finger"") is an extinct genus of pterosaur from Late Cretaceous (late Campanian stage) deposits of San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Alberta, Canada. The holotype specimen was discovered and collected by oceanographer Arjan C. Boeré from the Kirtland Formation in 2002. ""Navajodactylus"" was first named by Robert M. Sullivan and Denver W. Fowler"
"small aerial carnivore. Dermodactylus Dermodactylus (meaning ""skin finger"", from Greek ""derma"" and ""daktylos"", in reference to pterosaur wings being skin membranes supported by the ring fingers) was a genus of pterodactyloid (general term for ""short-tailed"" pterosaur) pterosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian-age Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, United States. It is based on a single partial bone, from the hand. ""Dermodactylus"" is based on YPM 2000, a distal right fourth metacarpal found by Samuel Wendell Williston at Como Bluff. This bone constituted at the time the oldest pterosaur remains found, recognized, and described from North America. Othniel Charles Marsh first named"
"Pterosaur Pterosaurs (; from the Greek , ', meaning ""winged lizard"") were flying reptiles of the extinct clade or order Pterosauria. They existed during most of the Mesozoic: from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous (228 to 66 million years ago). Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight. Their wings were formed by a membrane of skin, muscle, and other tissues stretching from the ankles to a dramatically lengthened fourth finger. Early species had long, fully toothed jaws and long tails, while later forms had a highly reduced tail, and some lacked teeth."
"Aquilonifer Aquilonifer spinosus is an extinct species of arthropod from the Silurian period. It is known from a single fossil specimen found in the Wenlock Series Lagerstätte of Herefordshire, England, in rocks about 430 million years old. The 1 cm long specimen is a stem-group mandibulate, not directly related to any living species. The many-legged, eyeless adult has ten unusual tethered appendages, interpreted as juveniles attached to the parent, in a unique form and previously unknown brooding behaviour. ""Aquilone"" is Italian for ""toy kite"", and the suffix ""–ifer"" means ""to carry"". ""Spinosus"" means ""spiny"" in Latin. Its discoverers have nicknamed"
"Pelagornis sandersi Pelagornis sandersi is an extinct species of flying bird, whose fossil remains date from 25 million years ago, during the Chattian age of the Oligocene. The sole specimen of ""P. sandersi"" has a wingspan estimated between , giving it the largest wingspan of any flying bird yet discovered, twice that of the wandering albatross, which has the largest wingspan of any extant flying bird (up to ). In this regard, it supplants the previous record holder, the also extinct ""Argentavis magnificens"". The skeletal wingspan (excluding feathers) of ""P. sandersi"" is estimated at while that of ""A. magnificens"" is"
"Pengana Pengana robertbolesi, also referred to as the flexiraptor, is an extinct bird of prey that lived during the Early Miocene (23–16 million years ago). Living relatives of ""P. robertbolesi"" may include the harriers. When alive, it may have resembled a cross between the secretary bird and crested caracara. Its remains were found in Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia. ""P. robertbolesi"" is only known from a tibiotarsus (ankle bone). However, this is of most peculiar construction, allowing the leg to be swivelled backwards and sideways. The bird was thus well adapted to reaching into holes and crevices and extracting prey. The vernacular"
"Eocene epoch. It was probably an insectivore. Eocypselus rowei Eocypselus rowei is an extinct bird believed to be ancestral to modern hummingbirds and swifts. It was a small bird, less than in length, and probably had black feathers. The bird was first described in 2013 and lived approximately 50 million years ago, during the Eocene epoch. ""Eocypselus rowei"" was first described in 2013 by Daniel T. Ksepka, Julia A. Clarke, Sterling J. Nesbitt, Felicia B. Kulp, and Lance Grande in the . The researchers spotted an exceptionally preserved specimen, originally harvested from the Green River Formation of Wyoming, while working"
"Henderson archaic pigeon The Henderson archaic pigeon (""Bountyphaps obsoleta""), or Henderson Island archaic pigeon, is an extinct bird in the Columbidae, or pigeon family. It was described in 2008 as a new genus and species from subfossil remains found on Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Group of south-eastern Polynesia. The genus was named for both the ship HMS ""Bounty"" with which, following the famous mutiny, Europeans first discovered the Pitcairn Islands, and for the former bounty the bird provided as food; with the Greek ""phaps"" (wild pigeon). The specific epithet comes from the Latin adjective for ""extinct"" or ""forgotten about""."
"Sphenacodon Sphenacodon (meaning ""wedge point tooth"") is an extinct genus of synapsid that lived from about 300 to about 280 million years ago (Ma) during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian periods. Like the closely related ""Dimetrodon"", ""Sphenacodon"" was a carnivorous member of the Eupelycosauria family Sphenacodontidae. However, ""Sphenacodon"" had a low crest along its back, formed from blade-like bones on its vertebrae (neural spines) instead of the tall dorsal sail found in ""Dimetrodon"". Fossils of ""Sphenacodon"" are known from New Mexico and the Utah-Arizona border region in North America. Researchers currently recognize two species: ""Sphenacodon ferox"" (the type species)"
"Woolungasaurus Woolungasaurus glendowerensis ('Glendower's Woolunga lizard', named after an Aboriginal mythical reptile, Persson 1960) is a plesiosaur, an extinct marine reptile, belonging to the Elasmosauridae. The type species ""Woolungasaurus glendowerensis"", named by Per Ove Persson in 1960, is known from a partial skeleton, holotype QM F6890, (forty-six vertebrae, ribs, forearms, shoulder girdle and part of the rear limbs) unearthed from the Wallumbilla Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous) of the Richmond District, Queensland, Australia. The specific name refers to Glendower Station. Another find of undetermined species, consisting of twelve vertebrae, was unearthed from the Maree Formation (Cretaceous, of uncertain age) of Neales"
"like ""Sauropleura"" only have four fingers on each hand. Eusauropleura Eusauropleura is an extinct genus of gephyrostegid reptiliomorph from the Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) of Linton, Ohio. The type species and only species, Eusauropleura digitata, was first described by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1868 as ""Sauropleura digitata"". In 1930, paleontologist Alfred Romer placed the species in the new genus ""Eusauropleura"". Romer considered ""S. digitata"" to be a reptile or a more primitive relative of reptiles, making it only distantly related to ""Sauropleura"", which is a lepospondyl amphibian. ""Eusauropleura"" is known from ribs and limb bones, but no skull is"
"Wyvern A wyvern ( , sometimes spelled wivern) is a legendary creature with a dragon's head and wings, a reptilian body, two legs, and a tail often ending in a diamond- or arrow-shaped tip. A sea-dwelling variant dubbed the sea-wyvern has a fish tail in place of a barbed dragon's tail. The wyvern in its various forms is important to heraldry, frequently appearing as a mascot of schools and athletic teams (chiefly in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada). It is a popular creature in European and British literature, video games, and modern fantasy. The wyvern in heraldry and"
"Pistosaurus Pistosaurus ( “saurus” in Greek meaning “reptile” and “lizard”) is an extinct genus of aquatic sauropterygian reptile closely related to plesiosaurs. Fossils have been found in France and Germany, and date to the Middle Triassic. It contains a single species, ""Pistosaurus longaevus. Pistosaurus"" is known as the oldest “subaquatic flying” reptile on earth. The skull of ""Pistosaurus"" is generally resembles that of other Triassic Sauropterygians. However, there are several synapomorphies that make ""Pistosaurus"" distinguished: the long, slender, snout; the possession of splint-like nasals that are excluded from the external naris; and the posterior extension of the premaxilla to the"
"it ""the kite runner"". Aquilonifer Aquilonifer spinosus is an extinct species of arthropod from the Silurian period. It is known from a single fossil specimen found in the Wenlock Series Lagerstätte of Herefordshire, England, in rocks about 430 million years old. The 1 cm long specimen is a stem-group mandibulate, not directly related to any living species. The many-legged, eyeless adult has ten unusual tethered appendages, interpreted as juveniles attached to the parent, in a unique form and previously unknown brooding behaviour. ""Aquilone"" is Italian for ""toy kite"", and the suffix ""–ifer"" means ""to carry"". ""Spinosus"" means ""spiny"" in Latin."
"crest, neither of which are found in other Ichthyosaurs. Omphalosaurus Omphalosaurus (from the Greek root ""Button Lizard"", for their button-like teeth) is an extinct genus of marine reptile from the Middle Triassic, thought to be in the order of Ichthyosauria. Most of what is known about ""Omphalosaurus"" is based on multiple jaw fragments, ribs, and vertebrae. Specimens of ""Omphalosaurus"" have been described from the western United States, Germany, Austria and the island of Spitsbergen off the northern coast of Norway. ""Omphalosaurus"" are moderately large and plump marine reptiles and are best known for their highly specialized dentition compared to other"
"Sedgwick & Roderick Murchison in the year 1828. Dipterus Dipterus (meaning 'two wings') is an extinct genus of lungfish from the late Devonian period of Europe and North America. In most respects, ""Dipterus"", which was about long, closely resembled modern lungfish. Like its ancestor ""Dipnorhynchus"", it had tooth-like plates on its palate instead of real teeth. However, unlike its modern relatives, in which the dorsal, caudal, and anal fin are fused into one, ""Dipterus""'s fins were still separated. It mostly ate invertebrates, and had lungs, not an air bladder. These were more developed in ""Dipterus"" and are still seen in"
"Chalicothere Chalicotheres (from Greek ""chalix"", ""gravel"" and ""therion"", ""beast"") is an extinct group of herbivorous, odd-toed ungulate (or ""perissodactyl"") mammals spread throughout North America, Eurasia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene until the Early Pleistocene, existing from 46.2 mya to just 781,000 years ago Unlike modern perissodactyls, chalicotheres had long forelimbs and short hind limbs. Consequently, chalicotheres probably moved with most of their weight on their short, strong hind legs. Their front legs had long, curved claws indicating they knuckle-walked like giant anteaters today. Fossil remains have shown thick, developed front knuckles. It was once thought that the claws were"
"Aetodactylus Aetodactylus (meaning ""eagle finger"") is a genus of ornithocheirid pterodactyloid pterosaur. It is known from a lower jaw discovered in Upper Cretaceous rocks of northeastern Texas, United States. ""Aetodactylus"" is based on SMU 76383 (Shuler Museum of Paleontology, Southern Methodist University), a nearly complete lower jaw lacking the right retroarticular process (the bony prong posterior to the jaw joint), part of the posterior end of the mandibular symphysis (where the two halves of the lower jaw meet), and all but two teeth. This specimen was found in 2006 by Lance Hall near a construction site in Mansfield, near Joe"
"Eocypselus rowei Eocypselus rowei is an extinct bird believed to be ancestral to modern hummingbirds and swifts. It was a small bird, less than in length, and probably had black feathers. The bird was first described in 2013 and lived approximately 50 million years ago, during the Eocene epoch. ""Eocypselus rowei"" was first described in 2013 by Daniel T. Ksepka, Julia A. Clarke, Sterling J. Nesbitt, Felicia B. Kulp, and Lance Grande in the . The researchers spotted an exceptionally preserved specimen, originally harvested from the Green River Formation of Wyoming, while working at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History."
"""lizard"", a common suffix for genus names of extinct reptile. The specific name ""orientalis"" is derived from Latin ""oriental"", meaning ""of the east"", as an emphasis on the east-Asian occurrence of ""Kwangsisaurus"" whose relatives were known from Europe and the Middle East at the time of its discovery. Kwangsisaurus Kwangsisaurus is an extinct genus of a basal pistosauroid known from the Early or Middle Triassic (Olenekian or Anisian age) of Guangxi, southern China. It contains a single species, Kwangsisaurus orientalis. ""Kwangsisaurus"" is known solely from the holotype IVPP V2338, a fragmentary postcranial skeleton housed at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology"
"extension, the dodo. The pigeon became extinct following human colonisation of Henderson, an event that had occurred by 1050 CE. Two of the other three species of pigeon on the island also disappeared, as did other birds. Henderson archaic pigeon The Henderson archaic pigeon (""Bountyphaps obsoleta""), or Henderson Island archaic pigeon, is an extinct bird in the Columbidae, or pigeon family. It was described in 2008 as a new genus and species from subfossil remains found on Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Group of south-eastern Polynesia. The genus was named for both the ship HMS ""Bounty"" with which, following the"
"that this basic division into primitive (archaeopterodactyloid) and advanced (eupterodactyloid) species may not be correct. Beginning in 2014, Steven Vidovic and David Martill constructed an analysis in which several pterosaurs traditionally thought of as archaeopterodactyloids closely related to the ctenochasmatoids may have been more closely related to ornithocheiroids, or in some cases, fall outside both groups. The results of their updated 2017 analysis are shown below. Pterodactyloidea Pterodactyloidea (derived from the Greek words ""πτερόν"" (""pterón"", for usual ""ptéryx"") ""wing"", and ""δάκτυλος"" (""dáctylos"") ""finger"" meaning ""winged finger"", ""wing-finger"" or ""finger-wing"") is one of the two traditional suborders of pterosaurs (""wing lizards""),"