Because foreigners were forbidden to serve in the French Army after the 1830 July Revolution, what was created by Louis Philippe, the King of France in 1831?
"across Conquest of Algeria, the Franco-Prussian War, numerous colonial exploits, both World Wars, the First Indochina War, and the Algerian War. The French Foreign Legion was created by a royal ordinance issued by King Louis Philippe, at the suggestion of Minister of War Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult, on March 9, 1831. Nine days later on March 18, 1831, an additional directive was issued restricting membership in the newly formed Legion to foreigners. The latter directive reflected the initial purpose of the Foreign Legion as a mechanism to lessen the potential disruption to the provisional French government and the newly enthroned House"
"1830, the Chamber of Deputies elected Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans as ""King of the French"": for the first time since French Revolution, the King reigned on a people and not on a country. The Bourbon white flag was substituted with the French tricolour, and a new Charter was introduced in August 1830. The conquest of Algeria continued, and new settlements were established in the Gulf of Guinea, Gabon, Madagascar, and Mayotte and also put Tahite under protectorate. However, despite the initial reforms, Louis Philippe was little different from his predecessors. The old nobility was replaced by urban bourgeoisie, and"
"Louis Philippe entered Paris on 31 July 1830 and, according to Louis Blanc, ""the revolution was betrayed"". The municipal commission and Lafayette created a movable National Guard, in which soldiers would be paid 30 sous per day. This was not put into effect, but served to help the people disperse and disarm. Louis Philippe was declared Lieutenant-General of France on 31 July 1830. On 2 August 1830 Charles X of France formally abdicated, and on 9 August 1830 Louis Philippe took the oath of office as King. Citations Sources Paris Municipal Commission Ministry of 1830 The Paris Municipal Commission Ministry"
"solution then, was the utilization of foreign troops, and since the Kingdom was reduced, it was not feasible to recruit contingents in occupied lands such as during Napoleon’s era. Accordingly, a new sort of troop was required. Here forth the Royal Ordinance which created the French Foreign Legion: The French Foreign Legion was accordingly created by a 9 Articled Royal Ordinance on March 9, 1831. The law was then signed by Louis Philippe I and State War Secretary Marshal Soult. The royal ordinance gave immediately the cadre as to the usage and formation of this military organization: The first particularity"
"was dissolved in 1830 because it was judged to be too loyal to its future sovereign. This last regiment would give the 1831 Legion the particular marching cadence. While the classic infantry regiments paraded at a rhythm of a hundred and twenty paces per minute. The Legion strong of its affiliation with the Ancien Régime and in particular the Hohenlohe Regiment, adopted a slower and more solemn rhythm of almost 80-85 paces per minute. The French Army was exempt of Foreigners beginning 1830. However, this state of exemption would not last: Charles X of France, the King of France since"
"fort of Vincennes. But by demonstrating the National Guard's importance, La Fayette had made his position delicate, and he was quickly forced to resign. This led to the Minister of Justice Dupont de l'Eure's resignation. In order to avoid exclusive dependence on the National Guard, the ""Citizen King"" charged Marshal Soult, the new Minister of War, with reorganizing the Army. In February 1831, Soult presented his project, aiming to increase the military's effectiveness. Among other reforms, the project included the 9 March 1831 law creating the Foreign Legion. In the meantime, the government enacted various reforms demanded by the ""Parti"
"French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion () (FFL; (), ""L.É."") is a military service branch of the French Army established in 1831. Legionnaires are highly trained infantry soldiers and the Legion is unique in that it was, and continues to be, open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces. When it was founded, the French Foreign Legion was not unique; other foreign formations existed at the time in France. Commanded by French officers, it is open to French citizens, who amounted to 24% of the recruits in 2007. The Foreign Legion is today known as"
"been used for dramatic effect in many films, not the least of which are the several versions of ""Beau Geste"". French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion () (FFL; (), ""L.É."") is a military service branch of the French Army established in 1831. Legionnaires are highly trained infantry soldiers and the Legion is unique in that it was, and continues to be, open to foreign recruits willing to serve in the French Armed Forces. When it was founded, the French Foreign Legion was not unique; other foreign formations existed at the time in France. Commanded by French officers, it is"
"use of foreign mercenaries on French soil. As result, on December 12, 1830, the regiment received orders to prepare to be deployed to Greece in the vicinity of Patras to support the Morea Expedition, a French interventionist effort supporting the Greek independence movement. On January 5, 1831, however, the Hohenlohe Regiment received orders to disband from King Louis Phillippe. Those members of the regiment who wished to continue to serve in the French army were transferred into the 21st Line Infantry Regiment. As an infantry regiment composed of foreigners, the Hohenlohe Regiment constituted one of the forebears of the French"
"the Bourbon king of that country when his regime was threatened by an uprising. i In 1830, Louis XVIII's brother, Charles X, now king, was toppled in the July Revolution. The army participated in little fighting, and the king's cousin, the Duke of Orléans was installed as Louis-Philippe I in what was supposed to be a constitutional monarchy. The army transferred its allegiance to Louis-Philippe's Orléans Dynasty until his overthrow in 1848, when the short-lived Second Republic was established. From 1652 until 1685, French soldiers wore no specific uniforms. The first uniforms for the French Royal Army were designed in"
"Monarchy eliminated the title of cantinière and restored the word 'vivandière'. The Bourbons also tried to make vivandière appointments contingent on political loyalty to the monarchy. Soldiers continued to use 'cantinière' though to protect their cantinières from being removed. Cantinières accompanied French troops into Spain in 1823, and into Algeria in 1830. It was in Algeria that these women began to fashion military uniforms for themselves, a practice that rapidly spread throughout the entire army. The overthrow of the Bourbon Monarchy of Charles X and the establishment of the July Monarchy in 1830 brought in a new government that was"
"I, King of the French on August 7. While swearing by the Constitutional Charter Oath of 1814, he installed the July Monarchy. A sovereign for the nation by the will of the nation, his friends and enemies didn't want the King to possess a force that would be too loyal and be remarkably trained like the Hohenlohe regiment which was dissolved in July 1830. In fact, the political forces only wanted a national army. However and to the dismay, events in Algeria and internal politics constrained a new incorporation of Foreigners. The creation of the Legion was more of a"
"liberal and even republican opposition to his government, the king finally acted disastrously in 1829 by installing the ultra-royalist ministry of Prince Jules de Polignac. When the ultra-royalists were defeated in the elections of 1830 the King issued his infamous ordinances of July 25, 1830, suspending freedom of the press, dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, and changing election laws in favor of the landed nobility. The upshot was the July Revolution of 1830. Laffitte was one of the earliest and most determined advocates for ousting Charles X and his ministers and establishing a new government under Louis Philippe I, the"
"the streets of Paris, known as the 1830 July Revolution. Charles was forced to flee and Louis-Philippe d'Orléans, a member of the Orléans branch of the family, and son of Philippe Égalité who had voted the death of his cousin Louis XVI, ascended the throne. Louis-Philippe ruled, not as ""King of France"" but as ""King of the French"" (an evocative difference for contemporaries). On 7 August 1830, the 1814 Charter was revised. The preamble reviving the ""Ancien Régime"" was suppressed, and the King of France became the ""King of the French"", (also known as the ""Citizen King"") establishing the principle"
"""Matériel""; Logistics (""Train""); Signals (""Transmissions""). Parachute units are maintained by several of the ""armes"". The ""Légion étrangère"" (French Foreign Legion) was established in 1831 for foreign nationals willing to serve in the French Armed Forces. The Legion is commanded by French officers. It is an elite military unit numbering around 7,000 troops. The Legion has gained worldwide recognition for its service, most recently in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan since 2001. It is not strictly an ""Arme"" but a ""commandement particulier"", whose regiments belong to several arms, notably the infantry and the engineering arm. The Troupes de marine are the"
"flee Paris for the United Kingdom. As a result, Louis Philippe, of the Orléanist branch, rose to power, replacing the old Charter by the Charter of 1830, and his rule became known as the July Monarchy. Nicknamed the ""Bourgeois Monarch"", Louis Philippe sat at the head of a moderately liberal state controlled mainly by educated elites. Supported by the Orléanists, he was opposed on his right by the Legitimists (former ultra-royalists) and on his left by the Republicans and Socialists. Louis Philippe was an expert businessman and, by means of his businesses, he had become one of the richest men"
"1824, was very unpopular. Such unpopularity was due to bad harvesting, a difficult economy and the adoption of a reactant government which was leading to the creation a favorable field for insurrectional movements. The Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were described as the King's hammer and limited by force the liberties of the people, being proclaimed on July 25, 1830. Accordingly, they led to an immediate violent opposition from the people, which led to the fall of the regime. This July Revolution, from 27 to 29 July 1830 brought a new man to power: Louis Philippe de Chartres, who became Louis Philippe"
"and a member of the cadet Orléans line of the Bourbon family was chosen: Louis Philippe of France. On August 7 the Charter of 1814 was revised, and its preamble evoking the ancien régime was eliminated. When voted on in the Chamber it was passed by 246 votes to 12. The new charter was imposed on the king by the nation and not promulgated by the king. On August 9, 1830, Louis-Philippe d'Orléans swore to uphold the Charter and was crowned ""King of the French"" (""roi des Français""), and not ""King of France"" (""roi de France""). The ""July Monarchy"" was"
"cries at a review on 29 April Charles X dissolved the Guard the following day, on the grounds of offensive behaviour towards the crown. He neglected to disarm the disbanded force, and its muskets resurfaced in 1830 during the July Revolution. A new National Guard was established in 1831 following the July Revolution in 1830. It played a major role in suppressing the Paris June Rebellion of 1832 against the government of King Louis-Phillipe. However, the same National Guard fought in the Revolution of 1848 in favour of the republicans. This change in allegiance reflected a general erosion in the"
"Guards were massacred by the mob. Some Guards, including the commander, were captured, jailed, and later guillotined. French Royal Army (1652–1830) The French Royal Army () served the Bourbon kings beginning with Louis XIV and ending with Charles X with an interlude from 1792 until 1814, during the French Revolution and the reign of the Emperor Napoleon I. After a second, brief interlude when Napoleon returned from exile in 1815, the Royal Army was reinstated. Its service to the direct Bourbon line was finished when Charles X was overthrown in 1830 by the July Revolution. When Louis XIV came to"
"de camp of Crown Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans, wrote: ""Poverty... [...] there are many exaggerations in what is said about it. It has been worse in other times and did not produce such results,"" which probably represented opinion in the Tuileries Palace. On 25 November, Perier announced that Crown Prince Ferdinand Philippe, and Marshal Nicholas Soult, Minister of War and formerly one of Napoleon's most renowned marshals, would command an army of 20,000 soldiers to retake Lyon. King Louis-Philippe asked them to be strict, but to avoid the use of capital punishment. On 29 November 1831, he wrote"
"Origins of the French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion is an elite force composed of soldiers of different race, trade, religion, and sentiments, which began as part of the French Army. Through the years, it has earned a quasi-legendary reputation due to its victories and also its gallant defeats. It was founded in 1831 and was given the right to hire foreign recruits. The Foreign Legion was deeply rooted in the French conquest of Algeria. Since its inception, the Legion played an important role in advancing France's colonial expansion. The Legion was sent to Spain by Louis Philippe I,"
"""anachronistic law"" (Jean-Noël Jeanneney) was never seriously applied and was repealed in the first months of Louis Philippe's reign (1830–1848). The Ultras also wanted to create courts to punish Radicals and passed laws restricting freedom of the press. The 1830 July Revolution replaced the Bourbons with the more liberal Orléanist branch and sent the Ultras back to private life in their country chateaux. However, they retained some influence until at least the 16 May 1877 crisis and even further. Their views softened, their principal aim became the restoration of the House of Bourbon and they became known from 1830 on"
"it was he who on 31 July announced the nomination of Louis-Philippe, the duc d'Orléans as lieutenant général of the kingdom to the people at the Hôtel de Ville of Paris on 31 July. The new king returned Viennet to his rank as chef de bataillon. Re-elected as a député on 5 July 1831 with 65% of the vote, he sat in the ministerial majority. Dedicated to the new regime, but still with a burning and intolerant spirit, he was his party's ""enfant terrible"" and openly spoke in favour of its opponents' projects, hopes and watchwords. Even whilst in the"
"of 1830 in France, revolutionaries forced the king to abdicate and created the July Monarchy with encouragement from the new French king, Louis-Philippe. Louis-Philippe had promised revolutionaries such as Ciro Menotti that he would intervene if Austria tried to interfere in Italy with troops. Fearing he would lose his throne, Louis-Philippe did not, however, intervene in Menotti's planned uprising. The Duke of Modena abandoned his ""Carbonari"" supporters, arrested Menotti and other conspirators in 1831, and once again conquered his duchy with help from the Austrian troops. Menotti was executed, and the idea of a revolution centered in Modena faded. At"
"and Marshal of France in 1830. He was commanding the Invasion of Algiers in 1830 when the July Revolution broke out in 1830. Bourmont refused to give his allegiance to the new King Louis Philippe and was dismissed from service. In 1832 Marshal Bourmont took part in the rising of Caroline Ferdinande Louise, duchesse de Berry and on its failure fled to Portugal. He commanded the army of the absolutist monarch King Miguel during the Liberal Wars and after the victory of the constitutional party he retired to Rome. At the amnesty of 1840 he returned to France, where he"
"trip to Great Britain (visiting both England and Scotland) in 1819, he went to Lunéville to join the 1 régiment de hussards, of which he was made colonel by Charles X in 1824. In September 1824, King Charles X granted him the style ""Royal Highness"", a style maintained by Ferdinand Philippe at his father's accession to the throne six years later. In 1830, during the July Revolution, the young Duke of Chartres was on garrison duty at Joigny. He made his regiment wear the tricolor cockade and quickly led them to aid the uprising in Paris. He was temporarily stopped"
"July 1830, and his cousin Louis-Philippe, the ""citizen king"", was named to preside over a constitutional monarchy. The new government, composed of liberal opponents of the Algiers expedition, was reluctant to pursue the conquest begun by the old regime. However, the victory was enormously popular, and the new government of Louis-Philippe only withdrew a portion of the invasion force. General Bourmont, who had sent troops to occupy Bône and Oran, withdrew them from those places with the idea of returning to France to restore Charles to the throne. When it was clear that his troops were not supportive of this"
"August 1830 Louis Philippe took the oath of office as King. In the elections of 5 July 1831 Audry was reelected for Rochefort, Charente-Maritime. In September 1831 Audry de Puyraveau was among the deputies who declared themselves against a hereditary peerage. The Orleanist outcome of the July Revolution had only partly satisfied him, and in 1832 he was a member of the steering committee that founded the Society of the Rights of Man (Société des droits de l'homme) intended to maintain the revolutionary spirit. In the general election of 21 June 1834 Audry lost his seat to Vice Admiral Grivel,"
"counted among its members presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions. He resigned from the Army on July 10, 1831. He returned to France after the July Revolution of 1830 and he was made a lieutenant-général by Louis Philippe I of France. He was named to the general committee on fortifications and was tasked with drafting the plans to improve the fortifications of Paris. He was made a peer of France in 1834. He served twice as minister of war. In"
"Christian. Thereafter Rothschild refused to do business with the king. Following the July 1830 Revolution that saw King Louis Philippe come to power, de Rothschild put together a loan package to stabilize the finances of the new government, and in 1834 a second loan. In gratitude for his services to the French nation, Louis Philippe elevated him to the dignity of Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour. In February 1848, King Louis Philippe was dethroned, to the temporary alarm of his friend de Rothschild. Banking competitor Achille Fould was a friend of the new President of the French Republic,"
"has been no national conscription since 1997. France has a special military corps, the French Foreign Legion, founded in 1830, which consists of foreign nationals from over 140 countries who are willing to serve in the French Armed Forces and become French citizens after the end of their service period. The only other countries having similar units are Spain (the Spanish Foreign Legion, called ""Tercio"", was founded in 1920) and Luxembourg (foreigners can serve in the National Army provided they speak Luxembourgish). France is a permanent member of the Security Council of the UN, and a recognised nuclear state since"
"not engage under any circumstances in combat on the national territory. One of the first causes was the filtration of the army after the July Revolution. Louis Philippe I marked a real disconnection with the Ancien Régime, however the army still had figures which were loyal to the Ancien Régime: bonapartiste or partisans of Charles X. Of the sort, multiple cadres and soldiers of the French Imperial Army reenlisted for service after fifteen years of rest in the Legion. In addition, it was considered border line dangerous for the young parliamentary monarchy, to have numerous officers of the Grande Armée"