The prefix thio- refers to the presence of which element in a chemical compound?
"""sulfur"" over the British ""sulphur"". However, elements that are practical to sell in bulk in many countries often still have locally used national names, and countries whose national language does not use the Latin alphabet are likely to use the IUPAC element names. According to IUPAC, chemical elements are not proper nouns in English; consequently, the full name of an element is not routinely capitalized in English, even if derived from a proper noun, as in californium and einsteinium. Isotope names of chemical elements are also uncapitalized if written out, ""e.g.,"" carbon-12 or uranium-235. Chemical element ""symbols"" (such as Cf"
"Thioketone Thioketones (also known as thiones or thiocarbonyls) are organosulfur compounds related to conventional ketones. Instead of the formula RC=O, thioketones have the formula RC=S, which is reflected by the prefix ""thio-"" in the name of the functional group. Unhindered alkylthioketones typically tend to form polymers or rings. Thiones are usually prepared from ketones using reagents that exchange S and O atoms. A common reagent is phosphorus pentasulfide and the related reagent Lawesson's reagent. Other methods uses a mixture of hydrogen chloride combined with hydrogen sulfide. Bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide has also been employed. Thiobenzophenone ((CH)CS) is a stable deep blue compound that"
"Thioacetic acid Thioacetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula CHCOSH. It is a yellow coloured liquid with a strong thiol-like odor. It is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of thiol groups in molecules Thioacetic acid is prepared by the reaction of acetic anhydride with hydrogen sulfide: It has also been produced by the action of phosphorus pentasulfide on glacial acetic acid, followed by distillation. Thioacetic acid is typically contaminated by acetic acid. The compound exists exclusively as the thiol tautomer, consistent with the strength of the C=O double bond. Reflecting the influence of hydrogen-bonding, the"
"or naphthothiophene. Fusion of a pair of thiophene rings gives isomers of thienothiophene. Thiophenes are important heterocyclic compounds that are widely used as building blocks in many agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. The benzene ring of a biologically active compound may often be replaced by a thiophene without loss of activity. This is seen in examples such as the NSAID lornoxicam, the thiophene analog of piroxicam. Thiophene Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula CHS. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor. In"
"Thiol Thiol (, ) is an organosulfur compound that contains a carbon-bonded sulfhydryl (–SH) group (where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent). Thiols are the sulfur analogue of alcohols (that is, sulfur takes the place of oxygen in the hydroxyl group of an alcohol), and the word is a portmanteau of ""thion"" + ""alcohol,"" with the first word deriving from Greek θεῖον (""theion"") = ""sulfur"". The –SH functional group itself is referred to as either a ""thiol group"" or a ""sulfhydryl group"". Many thiols have strong odors resembling that of garlic or rotten eggs. Thiols are used as"
"added electron travel through the particle, causing reductive dissolution elsewhere on the particle. Sometimes, metal-oxygen ratios are used to name oxides. Thus, NbO would be called niobium monoxide and TiO is titanium dioxide. This naming follows the Greek numerical prefixes. In the older literature and continuing in industry, oxides are named by adding the suffix ""-a"" to the element's name. Hence alumina, magnesia and chromia, are, respectively, AlO, MgO and CrO. Special types of oxides are peroxide, O, and superoxide, O. In such species, oxygen is assigned higher oxidation states than oxide. The chemical formulas of the oxides of the"
"Thiophene Thiophene is a heterocyclic compound with the formula CHS. Consisting of a planar five-membered ring, it is aromatic as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions. It is a colorless liquid with a benzene-like odor. In most of its reactions, it resembles benzene. Compounds analogous to thiophene include furan (CHO) selenophene (CHSe) and pyrrole (CHNH), which each vary by the heteroatom in the ring. Thiophene was discovered as a contaminant in benzene. It was observed that isatin (an indole) forms a blue dye if it is mixed with sulfuric acid and crude benzene. The formation of the blue indophenin had"
"SrCO, SrO, SrO, Sr(PO), SrSiO, SrSO, SrS, SrTiO, SrWO, SrZrO S, NaSH, HNSO, HS, SO, HSO, HSO, SOCl, CdS, HgS, ZnS, SCl, SCl, SF, SOCl, SOBr, CS, CSCl, MoS, (NH)S, (NH)SO, FeS Ta, add Tantalum compounds here Tc, NHTcO, NaTcO BeTe, BiTe, CdTe, (Cd,Zn)Te, (CH)Te, (Hg,Cd)Te, PbTe, HgTe, (Hg,Zn)Te, AgTe, SnTe, ZnTe, HOTeF, HTeO, NaTeO, TeO, TeF, TeF.TeCl TbBr, Tb(CO), TbCl, TbF, TbI, Tb(NO), TbO, TbPO, Tb(SO), TbS TlSb, TlAs, TlBr, TlCl, TlF, TlI, Tl(NO), TlO, TlO, TlP, TlSe, Tl(SO), TlS, Tl(CH), TlOH ThCl, ThCl, ThCl, ThCl, ThF, ThF, ThF, ThO, Th(NO) TmBr, Tm(CO), TmCl, TmF, TmI, Tm(NO), TmO, TmPO,"
"coordination is also known. Acid solutions of TiO are stable for a short time then decompose to give hydrogen: Gas-phase TiO shows strong bands in the optical spectra of cool (M-type) stars. In 2017, TiO was detected in an exoplanet atmosphere for the first time. Additionally, evidence has been obtained for the presence of the diatomic molecule TiO in the interstellar medium. Titanium(II) oxide Titanium(II) oxide (TiO) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and oxygen. It can be prepared from titanium dioxide and titanium metal at 1500 °C. It is non-stoichiometric in a range TiO to TiO and this"
"Thiazole Thiazole, or 1,3-thiazole, is a heterocyclic compound that contains both sulfur and nitrogen; the term 'thiazole' also refers to a large family of derivatives. Thiazole itself is a pale yellow liquid with a pyridine-like odor and the molecular formula CHNS. The thiazole ring is notable as a component of the vitamin thiamine (B). Thiazoles are members of the azoles, heterocycles that include imidazoles and oxazoles. Thiazole can also be considered a functional group. Oxazoles are related compounds, with sulfur replaced by oxygen. Thiazoles are structurally similar to imidazoles, with the thiazole sulfur replaced by nitrogen. Thiazole rings are planar"
"Thial A thial or thioaldehyde is a functional group in organic chemistry which is similar to an aldehyde, RC(O)H, in which a sulfur (S) atom replaces the oxygen (O) atom of the aldehyde (R represents an alkyl or aryl group). Thioaldehydes are even more reactive than thioketones. Unhindered thioaldehydes are generally too reactive to be isolated — for example, thioformaldehyde, HC=S, condenses to the cyclic trimer 1,3,5-trithiane. Thioacrolein, HC=CHCH=S, formed by decomposition of allicin from garlic, undergoes a self Diels-Alder reaction giving isomeric vinyldithiins. While thioformaldehyde is highly reactive, it is found in interstellar space along with its mono- and"
"Tm(SO), TmS SnF, SnCl, SnCl, SnO, SnO, Sn(CH), Sn(CH), SnS, SnSe, SnTe. TiC, TiN, TiF, TiCl, TiCl, TiO, TiBr, TiCl, TiI, Cp2TiCl, MgTiO, CaTiO, SrTiO WC, WCl, WF, WO UCl, UCl, UCl, UCl, UF, UF, UF, UOF, UO, UO VC, VBr, VCl, VCl, VCl, VOCl, VO, CpVCl XeF, XePtF, XeF, XeF, XeO YbBr, Yb(CO), YbCl, YbF, YbI, Yb(NO), YbO, YbPO, Yb(SO), YbS YBr, Y(CO), YCl, YF, YI, Y(NO), YO, YPO, Y(SO), YS, YOF, YP ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnF, ZnCl, ZnBr, ZnI, Zn(OH), ZnSO ZrC, ZrO, ZrN, ZrCl, ZrS, ZrSi, ZrSiO, ZrF, ZrBr, ZrI, Zr(OH), CHClZr, Zr(CHCHCOO), Zr(WO), ZrH, Pb(ZrTi)O"
"Ferroin Ferroin is the chemical compound with the formula [Fe(""o""-phen)]SO, where ""o""-phen is an abbreviation for 1,10-phenanthroline, a bidentate ligand. The term ""ferroin"" is used loosely and includes salts of other anions such as chloride. This coordination compound is used as an indicator in analytical chemistry. The active ingredient is the [Fe(""o""-phen)] ion, which is a chromophore that can be oxidized to the ferric derivative [Fe(""o""-phen)]. The potential for this redox change is +1.06 volts in 1 M HSO. It is a popular redox indicator for making oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions visible. Ferroin is suitable as a redox indicator, as the"
"Titanium(II) oxide Titanium(II) oxide (TiO) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and oxygen. It can be prepared from titanium dioxide and titanium metal at 1500 °C. It is non-stoichiometric in a range TiO to TiO and this is caused by vacancies of either Ti or O in the defect rock salt structure. In pure TiO 15% of both Ti and O sites are vacant. Careful annealing can cause ordering of the vacancies producing a monoclinic form which has 5 TiO units in the primitive cell that exhibits lower resistivity. A high temperature form with titanium atoms with trigonal prismatic"
"Thioenol Thioenols (also known as alkenthiols) are alkenes with a thiol group affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the double bond. Alkenes with a thiol group on both sides of the double bond are called enedithiols. Deprotonated anions of thioenols are called thioenolates. The C=C double bond with adjacent thiol gives thioenols and enedithiols their chemical characteristics, by which they present keto-enol tautomerism. In keto-enol tautomerism, thioenols interconvert with thioketones or thioaldehydes. The words thioenol and alkenthiol come from the words ""alkene"" (or just -ene, the suffix given to C=C double bonded alkenes) and ""thiol"" (which represents the"
"is named as if it were an anion (root name of the element + ""-ide"" suffix). Then, prefixes are used to indicate the numbers of each atom present: these prefixes are ""mono-"" (one), ""di-"" (two), ""tri-"" (three), ""tetra-"" (four), ""penta-"" (five), ""hexa-"" (six), ""hepta-"" (seven), ""octa-"" (eight), ""nona-"" (nine), and ""deca-"" (ten). The prefix ""mono-"" is never used with the first element. Thus, NCl is called nitrogen trichloride, PO is called diphosphorus pentoxide (the ""a"" of the ""penta-"" prefix is dropped before the vowel for easier pronunciation), and BF is called boron trifluoride. Carbon dioxide is written CO; sulfur tetrafluoride"
"Thiophosphate Thiophosphates (or phosphorothioates, PS) are chemical compounds and anions with the general chemical formula (""x"" = 0, 1, 2, or 3) and related derivatives where organic groups are attached to one or more O or S. Thiophosphates feature tetrahedral phosphorus(V) centers. Organothiophosphates are a subclass of organophosphorus compounds that are structurally related to the inorganic thiophosphates. Common members have formulas of the type (RO)RPS and related compounds where RO is replaced by RS. Many of these compounds are used as insecticides, some have medical applications, and some have been used as oil additives. Oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (OPS) are modified oligonucleotides"
"Thienothiophene Thienothiophene usually refers to any of three structurally related derivatives of thiophene with the formula CHS. In order of importance, they are: thieno(3,2-b)thiophene, thieno(2,3-b)thiophene, and thieno(3,4-b)thiophene. Other isomers feature S(IV) and are less stable. Thieno[2,3-b]thiophene was the first member of the series to be isolated. It was obtained in very low yield upon heating citric acid, a source of a six-carbon linear chain, with PS. More efficient syntheses of this and the other two stable thienothiophenes involve cyclization reactions of substituted thiophenes. Three thienothiophenes, being aromatic and bicyclic, are often compared with napthalene. They are the topic of academic"
"of the stereoselectivity in Diels–Alder reactions. Endo-exo isomerism endo""–""exo"" isomerism is a special type of stereoisomerism found in organic compounds with a substituent on a bridged ring system. The prefix endo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located closest, or """"syn"""", to the longest bridge. The prefix exo"" is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located farthest, or """"anti"""", to the longest bridge. Here ""longest"" and ""shortest"" refer to the number of atoms that comprise the bridge. This type of molecular geometry is found in norbornane systems such as dicyclopentadiene. The terms ""endo"" and ""exo"" are used"
"this system, the metal (instead of a Roman numeral next to it) has an ""-ic"" or ""-ous"" suffix added to it to indicate its oxidation state (""-ous"" for lower, ""-ic"" for higher). For example, the compound FeO contains the Fe cation (which balances out with the O anion). Since this oxidation state is lower than the other possibility (Fe), this compound is sometimes called ferrous oxide. For the compound, SnO, the tin ion is Sn (balancing out the 4− charge on the two O anions), and because this is a higher oxidation state than the alternative (Sn), this compound is"
"acids, or other compounds."" AlO, AmO, AmO, SbO, SbO, AsO, AsO, BaO, BeO, BiO, BiOCl, BO, BrO, CO, CO, CeO, ClO, ClO, ClO, ClO, CrO, CrO, CrO, CoO, CuO, CuO, CmO, CmO, DyO, ErO, EuO, OF, OF, FrO, GdO, GaO, GeO, AuO, HfO, HoO, InO, InO, IO, IrO, FeO, FeO, FeO, LaO, PbO, PbO, LiO, MgO, KO, RbO, NaO, SrO, TeO, UO PdCl PBr, PCl, PF, PO, PO, PS, PS, PH, HPO, HPO, KPF, KPO, KHPO, KHPO, (CH)P, (CH)P Pt, Pu, PuO Po, PoO, PoO, PoO, add Polonium compounds here KO, KF, KCl, KBr, KI, KCO, KOH, KSO, KMnO, KFeO,"
"CHSO. They are more stable than the parent thietes. Substituted thiete-1,1-dioxides can also be prepared by [2+2] cycloaddition of sulfenes and ynamines. Thiete Thiete is a heterocyclic compound containing an unsaturated four-membered ring with three carbon atoms and one sulfur atom. It is more commonly encountered not on its own, but in anellated derivatives, several of which have been synthesized. Thietes are generally not very stable. Thiete is a valence isomer of the unknown compound thioacrolein (CH=CHCH=S) Thiete has been shown to be planar, with a C-S-C angle of 76.8 degrees. Benzothietes are thietes annulated to benzo group. Such species"
"Endo-exo isomerism endo""–""exo"" isomerism is a special type of stereoisomerism found in organic compounds with a substituent on a bridged ring system. The prefix endo is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located closest, or """"syn"""", to the longest bridge. The prefix exo"" is reserved for the isomer with the substituent located farthest, or """"anti"""", to the longest bridge. Here ""longest"" and ""shortest"" refer to the number of atoms that comprise the bridge. This type of molecular geometry is found in norbornane systems such as dicyclopentadiene. The terms ""endo"" and ""exo"" are used in a similar sense in discussions"
"Thioether A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right. Like many other sulfur-containing compounds, volatile thioethers have foul odors. A thioether is similar to an ether except that it contains a sulfur atom in place of the oxygen. The grouping of oxygen and sulfur in the periodic table suggests that the chemical properties of ethers and thioethers are somewhat similar, though the extent to which this is true in practice varies depending on the application. Thioethers are sometimes called sulfides, especially in the older literature and this term remains in use"
"others. The latter three compounds represent a special class of sulfur-containing heterocycles that are aromatic. The resonance stabilization of thiophene is 29 kcal/mol (121 kJ/mol) compared to 20 kcal/mol (84 kJ/mol) for the oxygen analogue furan. The reason for this difference is the higher electronegativity for oxygen drawing away electrons to itself at the expense of the aromatic ring current. Yet as an aromatic substituent the thio group is less electron-releasing than the alkoxy group. Dibenzothiophenes (see drawing), tricyclic heterocycles consisting of two benzene rings fused to a central thiophene ring, occurs widely in heavier fractions of petroleum. Thiol group"
"for the names of specific thioethers. The two organic substituents are indicated by the prefixes. (CH)S is called dimethylsulfide. Some thioethers are named by modifying the common name for the corresponding ether. For example, CHSCH is methyl phenyl sulfide, but is more commonly called thioanisole, since its structure is related to that for anisole, CHOCH. Thioether is an angular functional group, the C–S–C angle approaching 90°. The C–S bonds are about 180 pm. Thioethers are characterized by their strong odors, which are similar to thiol odor. This odor limits the applications of volatile thioethers. In terms of their physical properties"
"Thiazoline Thiazolines (or dihydrothiazoles) are a group of isomeric 5-membered heterocyclic compounds containing both sulfur and nitrogen in the ring. Although unsubstituted thiazolines are rarely encountered themselves, their derivatives are more common and some are bioactive. For example, in a common post-translational modification, cysteine residues are converted into thiazolines. The name thiazoline originates from the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. Three structural isomers of thiazoline exist depending on the position of the double bond. These forms do not readily interconvert and hence are not tautomers. Of these 2-thiazoline is the most common. A fourth structure exists in which the N and S atoms"
"Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is a chemical and medication. As a medication it is used to treat cyanide poisoning and pityriasis versicolor. It is an inorganic compound with the formula NaSOHO. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate, NaSO·5HO. The solid is an efflorescent (loses water readily) crystalline substance that dissolves well in water. It is also called sodium hyposulfite or ""hypo"". It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In analytical chemistry, the most important use comes because the thiosulfate"
"Number 13595-83-0). Some compounds have been fully characterised with single crystal studies and found to contain the octahedral [BiO(OH)] cation. There is indirect evidence that either the octahedral cation BiO(OH) or the octahedral cation Bi(OH) is present in aqueous solution following the polymerisation of Bi(HO), the Bi ion present in acidic solutions. The ion BiO(OH) is found in the perchlorate compound BiO(OH)ClO·7HO and is isoelectronic with the octahedral SnO(OH) cluster found in the hydrate of tin(II) oxide, 3SnO·HO. The compounds that contain this are:- The compound BiO(OH)(NO).3HO(equivalent to 6BiO.5NO.9HO) also contains the octahedral units but this time they are joined"
"Tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from ) and atomic number 50. It is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table of elements. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains stannic oxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number"
"unless functional groups of higher precedence are present. If a prefix form is required, ""oxo-"" is used (as for ketones), with the position number indicating the end of a chain: CHOCHCOOH is 3-oxopropanoic acid. If the carbon in the carbonyl group cannot be included in the attached chain (for instance in the case of cyclic aldehydes), the prefix ""formyl-"" or the suffix ""-carbaldehyde"" is used: CHCHO is cyclohexanecarbaldehyde. If an aldehyde is attached to a benzene and is the main functional group, the suffix becomes benzaldehyde. In general carboxylic acids are named with the suffix ""-oic acid"" (etymologically a back-formation"
"""-hydrate"". The numerical prefixes used are listed below (see IUPAC numerical multiplier): For example, CuSO·5HO is ""copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate"". Inorganic molecular compounds are named with a prefix (see list above) before each element. The more electronegative element is written last and with an ""-ide"" suffix. For example, HO (water) can be called ""dihydrogen monoxide"". Organic molecules do not follow this rule. In addition, the prefix mono- is not used with the first element; for example, SO is ""sulfur dioxide"", not ""monosulfur dioxide"". Sometimes prefixes are shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix ""conflicts"" with a starting vowel in the"
"Tellurium trioxide Tellurium trioxide (TeO) is an inorganic chemical compound of tellurium and oxygen. In this compound, tellurium is in the +6 oxidation state. There are two forms, yellow-red α-TeO and grey, rhombohedral, β-TeO which is less reactive. α-TeO has a structure similar to FeF with octahedral TeO units that share all vertices. α-TeO can be prepared by heating orthotelluric acid, Te(OH), at over 300°C . The β-TeO form can be prepared by heating α-TeO in a sealed tube with O and HSO. α-TeO is unreactive to water but is a powerful oxidising agent when heated. With alkalis it forms"