Who was the first President of Tanzania? (1961-1985)
"a socialist leader who led Tanganyika from colonial rule, was elected President in 1961. One of Africa’s most respected figures, Julius Nyerere was seen as a politician of principle and intelligence. Known as ""Mwalimu"" (teacher), he proposed a widely acclaimed vision of education. From independence in 1961 until the mid-1980s, Tanzania was a one-party state, with a socialist model of economic development. Beginning in the mid-1980s, under the administration of President Ali Hassan Mwinyi, Tanzania undertook a number of political and economic reforms. In January and February 1992, the government decided to adopt multiparty democracy. Legal and constitutional changes led"
"Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika as Prime Minister from 1961 to 1963 and then as President from 1963 to 1964, after which he led its successor state, Tanzania, as President from 1964 to 1985. A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party—which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party—he chaired it until 1990. Ideologically an African nationalist and African socialist, he promoted a political philosophy known as Ujamaa. Born in Butiama, then in the British colony"
"the first president of Tanzania. The death of a Persian Bahá'í, Mrs. Afrūḵta, widow of Yunis Khan, provided the opportunity for the still emerging Bahá'í community of Dar es Salaam to establish the first multiracial cemetery in that city. By January 1956 the first Bahá'í arrived on Pemba Island. Later in 1956 Shoghi Effendi called for the establishment of regional national assemblies of Bahá'ís to supervise the developing communities in regions of Africa. In the case of central and east Africa the regional assembly included many countries whose names have changed since then but at the time they were known"
"be found. The United Republic of Tanzania was formed on 26 April 1964 as a result of the Union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. Julius Kambarage Nyerere became the first President of the United Republic of Tanzania and Sheikh Abeid Karume became the First Vice President of the United Republic of Tanzania and the President of Zanzibar and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. The late Rashidi Mfaume Kawawa became the second Vice President of Tanzania and leader of Government business in the National Assembly. Like other African countries, the people of Tanganyika opposed and fought against colonial invaders from the very"
"A ban on witch doctors was imposed in January 2015, as some of them condone the killings due to superstitious beliefs that the victims' bodies ""possess powers that bring luck and prosperity"". On 29 October, CCM's Magufuli was declared the winner ahead of Chadema's Lowassa, who has yet to concede amid a dispute. Tanzania is a unitary, democratic, secular and ""de jure"" socialist state. Unlike most of its neighbours, Tanzania–mainland has enjoyed relative political stability since attaining independence in 1961. This is part of the legacy of its first president, Julius Nyerere, who led the one-party state for 24 years"
"resulted in Tanganyikan independence in 1961. In 1962, Tanganyika became a republic, with Nyerere elected its first president. His administration pursued decolonisation and the ""Africanisation"" of the civil service while promoting unity between indigenous Africans and the country's Asian and European minorities. He encouraged the formation of a one-party state and unsuccessfully pursued the Pan-Africanist formation of an East African Federation. A 1963 mutiny within the army was suppressed with British assistance. In 1964, Tanganyika was unified with Zanzibar to form Tanzania. Nyerere placed a growing emphasis on socialism and national self-reliance; his vision of socialism differed from that of"
"Ali Hassan Mwinyi Ali Hassan Mwinyi (born 8 May 1925 in Kivure, Pwani Region, Tanzania) is a retired politician who served as the second President of the United Republic of Tanzania from 1985 to 1995. During Mwinyi's terms Tanzania took the first steps to reverse the socialist policies of Julius Nyerere. He relaxed import restrictions and encouraged private enterprise. It was during his second term that multi-party politics were introduced under pressure from foreign donors. Often referred to as Mzee Rukhsa (""Everything goes""), he pushed for liberalization of morals, beliefs, values (without breaking the law) and the economy. Many argue"
"John Magufuli John Joseph Magufuli (born 29 October 1959) is a Tanzanian politician and the President of Tanzania, in office since 2015. First elected as a Member of Parliament in 1995, he served in the Cabinet of Tanzania as Deputy Minister of Works from 1995 to 2000, Minister of Works from 2000 to 2006, Minister of Lands and Human Settlement from 2006 to 2008, Minister of Livestock and Fisheries from 2008 to 2010, and as Minister of Works for a second time from 2010 to 2015. Running as the candidate of the ruling CCM, he won the October 2015 presidential"
"of TANU was to build and maintain a socialist state aiming towards economic self-sufficiency and to eradicate corruption and exploitation, with the major means of production and exchange under the control of the peasants and workers (Ujamaa-Essays on Socialism; ""The Arusha Declaration""). Julius Nyerere was the first President of Tanzania, serving from the 1960s to the 1985. In 1962, Nyerere and TANU created the Ministry of National Culture and Youth. Nyerere felt the creation of the ministry was necessary in order to deal with some of the challenges and contradictions of building a nation-state and a national culture after 70"
"that during Mwinyi's tenure the country was in transition from the failed socialist orientation of Julius Nyerere that brought its economy to its knees. It was during Mwinyi's administration that Tanzania made some of the crucial decisions towards the liberalization of its economy that paved the way for short-term economic growth. Previous posts include Interior Minister and Vice President. He also was chairman of the ruling party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) from 1990 to 1996. President Julius Nyerere retired in October of 1985 and handpicked Zanzibar-born Ali Hassan Mwinyi to be his successor. Nyerere remained chairman of the ruling"
"elders of the Alliance for Tanzania Youth Economic Empowerment (Atyee), which also includes former Union President Ali Hassan Mwinyi and former Zanzibar President Amani Abeid Karume. She is commonly known as 'Mama Maria' in the Tanzanian media. Maria Nyerere Maria Nyerere (born Maria Waningu Gabriel Magige on 31 December 1930) served as the inaugural First Lady of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985. She was the seventh of nine children of Gabriel Magige, of Baraki, Tareme by his wife Hannah Nyashiboha. Nyerere was educated at the White Sisters' School at Nyegina, followed by Ukerewe School, then as a boarding scholar at"
"(TANU). On 9 December 1961, Tanganyika became independent, though retaining the British monarch as Queen of Tanganyika, and Nyerere became Prime Minister, under a new constitution. On 9 December, 1962, a republican constitution was implemented with ""Mwalimu"" Julius Kambarage Nyerere as Tanganyika's first president. Zanzibar received its independence from the United Kingdom on 10 December 1963, as a constitutional monarchy under its Sultan. On 12 January 1964, the African majority revolted against the sultan and a new government was formed with the ASP leader, Abeid Karume, as President of Zanzibar and Chairman of the Revolutionary Council. In the first few"
"as the African Association (AA). The formation of the Zanzibar Nationalist Party (ZNP) in 1955 forced leaders of the African Association and the Shirazi Association to unite. In 1957, the Shirazi Association and African Association united to form the Afro-Shirazi Party under the leadership of Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume. It is believed that the agreement for the unification of the two states was signed by the first President of Tanganyika, the late Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, and the first Zanzibar President, the late Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume, on 22 April 1964, in Zanzibar. Although the Original Articles of the union"
"Maria Nyerere Maria Nyerere (born Maria Waningu Gabriel Magige on 31 December 1930) served as the inaugural First Lady of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985. She was the seventh of nine children of Gabriel Magige, of Baraki, Tareme by his wife Hannah Nyashiboha. Nyerere was educated at the White Sisters' School at Nyegina, followed by Ukerewe School, then as a boarding scholar at Sumve Teacher Training College; she attained a teaching certificate there, and began teaching at Nyegina Primary School at Musoma. She married Julius Nyerere in 1953. She currently serves as one of ten members of the council of"
"into TANU and helped play a major roll in Tanzania's fight for independence against British Colonial rule. Mohammed was able to bring the UWT's ideas to the masses and also unified women against colonialism by giving them one voice. Tanzania became an independent country in 1961 and her leadership also helped with the influence or writing the constitution in 1964 and she guaranteed a place for women in the Tanzanian government. Bibi was also known for her creation of the All African Women Conference and was the junior minister under the President Nyerere. In 1965 Bibi Titi lost her parliamentary"
"formal head of state. The executive was led by the First Minister or the Prime Minister, chosen from the majority party. The constitution also established the independence of the judiciary. In 1962, the Tanzanian Parliament (made solely of nominees from the Tanganyika African National Union party) formed itself into a constituent assembly and drastically revised the 1961 constitution, most notably with the establishment of a strongly presidential system. The new President of Tanzania was granted the prerogatives of both former roles, Governor General and First Minister, serving as the head of state as well as commander in chief of the"
"putting Benjamin Mkapa in power. Nyerere remained the chairman of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (ruling party) for five years following his presidency until 1990, and is still recognized as the ""Father of the Nation"". Nyerere left Tanzania as one of the poorest, least developed, and most foreign aid-dependent countries in the world. In 1985, he publicly apologized for his economic policies. Nevertheless, Nyerere's government did much to foster social development in Tanzania during his time in office. At an international conference of the Arusha Declaration, Nyerere's successor Mwinyi noted the social gains of his predecessor's time in office: an increase"
"conspirators going against the TANU. During her trial Mohammed was found guilty and put on house arrest. Two years later then President Nyerere pardon Mohammed but the damage was done. Mohammed would live the rest of her life in solitude. Bibi Titi Mohammed Bibi Titi Mohammed (1926–2000) was a Tanzanian politician. She was born in 1926 , in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to a Muslim family. She was a close friend of the first President of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere being introduced to him in 1954, by the driver of a family cab. Mohammed was one of the founding members of"
"has been a patron of the Tanzania Basketball Federation for the past 10 years. He is married to Salma and they have five children. As of 4 April 2013, Kikwete was the sixth most followed African leader on Twitter with 57,626 followers. Jakaya Kikwete Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. Prior to his election as President, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under his predecessor, Benjamin Mkapa. He has also served as the Chairperson of the African Union in 2008–2009 and the"
"Conference of Catholic Bishops of Tanzania for taking measures that suppress constitutional freedoms and, in the view of the bishops, represent a threat to national unity. He is married to Janeth Magufuli, a primary school teacher, and they have three children. He is reportedly in close contact with Nigerian 'Prophet' T. B. Joshua, who was among the high-profile guests in Tanzania during his inauguration. John Magufuli John Joseph Magufuli (born 29 October 1959) is a Tanzanian politician and the President of Tanzania, in office since 2015. First elected as a Member of Parliament in 1995, he served in the Cabinet"
"elected to the National Assembly again, this time for Monduli. Two years later, he became a member of the Central Committee of the ruling party Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM). In the same year (1977) began his first term in office as Prime Minister of the United Republic of Tanzania. This term lasted till 1981. After a year-long break, he became Prime Minister again in 1983. He stayed just one year in office, till his death in April 1984, in a car accident. There is a university in Morogoro, Tanzania, named after him. Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) began in 1964"
"John Mwakangale John Mwakangale was one of the main leaders in the struggle for independence in Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) during British colonial rule. When the country gained independence, Mwakangale joined the first cabinet of Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania as Minister of Labour. Mwakangale is also regarded as a Pan-Africanist and a staunch African nationalist. He was also the first leader whom Nelson Mandela met in 1962 when he escaped from prison seeking assistance from other African leaders. Mandela gave a detail account about that encounter in his book Long Walk to Freedom. When the Tanganyika"
"Jakaya Kikwete Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015. Prior to his election as President, he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2005 under his predecessor, Benjamin Mkapa. He has also served as the Chairperson of the African Union in 2008–2009 and the Chairman of the Southern African Development Community Troika on Peace, Defence and Security in 2012–2013. Between 1959 and 1963, Kikwete went to Karatu Primary School in Tanzania before continuing with middle school education at Tengeru School from 1962 to 1965. After Tengeru,"
"Marxists although Tanzania developed close links with Mao Zedong's People's Republic of China. In 1967, Nyerere issued the Arusha Declaration, which outlined his vision of ""ujamaa"". Banks and other major industries and companies were nationalised. Renewed emphasis was placed on agricultural development through the formation of communal farms. These reforms hampered food production and left Tanzania dependent on foreign food aid. Nyerere oversaw Tanzania's 1978–79 war with Uganda, resulting in the overthrow of Ugandan President Idi Amin. In 1985, Nyerere stood down and was succeeded by Ali Hassan Mwinyi. He remained the chairman of Chama Cha Mapinduzi until 1990. He"
"Higher Education. He also had the chance to led the Tanzanian mission to Canada in the year 1982 and to the United States Of America from 1983 to 1984. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1980 and again from 1984 to 1990. In 1995, Mkapa was elected as President based on a popular anti-corruption campaign and the strong support of former president Julius Nyerere. Mkapa's anti-corruption efforts included creation of an open forum called the Presidential Commission on Corruption (Warioba Commission) and increased support for the Prevention of Corruption Bureau. Mkapa's second five-year term of office"
"After World War One, the territory of Tanganyika became a mandate territory of the United Kingdom and its monetary system was aligned to that of Kenya and Uganda, through the establishment of the East African Currency Board (EACB) in December 1919. Following gaining independence, the decision to dissolve the EACB and to establish separate Central Banks in Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, the Bank of Tanzania Act, 1965, was passed by the National Assembly in December 1965, and the Bank was opened by the first President of Tanzania Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere on 14 June 1966. The First Issue Set of"
"2015 Tanzanian general election The Tanzanian general election of 2015 was the 5th quinquennial election to be held since the restoration of the multi-party system in 1992. Voters elected the president, members of Parliament, and local government councillors. By convention, the election was held on the last Sunday of October and was supervised by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Political campaigns commenced on 22 August and ceased a day before the polling day. The incumbent president, Jakaya Kikwete, was ineligible to be elected to a third term because of term limits. Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), the country's dominant ruling party,"
"Abeid Karume Abeid Amani Karume (4 August 1905 – 7 April 1972) was the first President of Zanzibar. He obtained this title as a result of a revolution which led to the deposing of His Majesty Sir Jamshid bin Abdullah, the last reigning Sultan of Zanzibar, in . Three months later, the United Republic of Tanzania was founded, and Karume became the first Vice President of the United Republic with Julius Nyerere of Tanganyika as president of the new country. He was the father of Zanzibar's former president – Amani Abeid Karume. Allegedly born at the village of [Nyasaland, Malawi]"
"a pivotal role in education and women's equality. She fought her government for what she believed in even when it got her in trouble. Bibi Titi Mohammad Bibi Titi Mohammed (June 1926 – June 5, 2000) was a Tanzanian politician of Muslim descent. She was born in June 1926 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. She considered herself a freedom fighter that was good friends with the first President of Tanzania Julius Nyerere. They were introduced to each other in 1954 by the driver of the family cab. Bibi Titi Mohammed was a member of Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), the"
"One of Dar es Salaam's major roads is named after Mohammed in honour of the great achievements made by her toward Tanzanian independence. Bibi Titi Mohammed was a key player within the creation of TANU (Tanganyika African National Union), which was a major political party within Tanzania. Mohammed’s involvement began when she met Julius Nyerere, who would eventually become the first president. Mohammed was able to hold a position of leadership with TANU, mostly due to Nyerere’s belief of equality. Giving women visibility was a major priority of Nyerere’s policy, giving Mohammed the platform she needed. Bibi Titi Mohammed was"
"the elections amid widespread irregularities and its candidate Benjamin William Mkapa was subsequently sworn in as the new president of Tanzania in the country's ever multi-party election on 23 November 1995. Contested elections in late 2000 led to a massacre in Zanzibar in January 2001, with the government shooting into crowds of protesters, killing 35 and injuring 600. In December 2005, Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete was elected the fourth president for a five-year term. One of the deadly 1998 U.S. embassy bombings occurred in Dar Es Salaam; the other was in Nairobi, Kenya. In 2004, the undersea earthquake on the other"
"87,000 tons of cargo would be carried between Zambia and Tanzania by the year 2000, not enough to support a railway, and recommended that a road be built instead. In 1961, Tanganyika became independent under the leadership of Julius Nyerere, and in 1964 the country joined with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. Also in 1964, Northern Rhodesia was granted independence as Zambia, under the leadership of Kenneth Kaunda. Both Nyerere and Kaunda were charismatic socialist African leaders who supported the self-determination of their African neighbors. A railway connecting their two countries would help to develop the agricultural"
"Nyerere the first President of Tanzania, following Independence a number of communal villages joined together and organised themselves into what became known as the Ujamaa villages. The driving force behind the Association was Ntimbanjayo Millinga, who was the secretary of the local branch of the Tanzanian African National Union Youth League, and he was supported by Ralph Ibbott, an English quantity surveyor who acted as an advisor and agreed to live and work with his family in the village of Litowa. The session took place at the ""Waverley Care Solas"" Abbey Mount. In July 2015, James endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign"