What is a cricket umpire signalling when he holds out one arm horizontally?
"hits the ball across the boundary (not by actually running them), the umpire signals this by waving his arm back and forth in front of the chest. This signal varies a lot between umpires, from two short, restrained, waves finishing with the arm across the chest, to elaborate signals that resemble those of a conductor of an orchestra. Whichever way the umpire signals a four he must, by law, finish with his arm across the chest (so as to avoid confusion about whether a No Ball was delivered as well). A six scored by hitting the ball over the boundary"
"Umpire (cricket) In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French ""nompere"" meaning not a peer, i.e. not a member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field, according to the ""Laws of Cricket"". Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of an over. A cricket umpire is not to be confused with the referee who usually presides only over international"
"of many sports, including association football (where it has been superseded by ""referee"") and baseball (which still uses it). Umpire (cricket) In cricket, an umpire (from the Old French ""nompere"" meaning not a peer, i.e. not a member of one of the teams, impartial) is a person who has the authority to make decisions about events on the cricket field, according to the ""Laws of Cricket"". Besides making decisions about legality of delivery, appeals for wickets and general conduct of the game in a legal manner, the umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and announces the completion of"
"wides (11.4%); in the semi-finals and final of the World Cup in 2011, there were 77 extras, of which 46 were wides (59.7%). In the six Tests of the 1970-71 Ashes series there were 9 wides; in the five Tests of the Ashes series of 2010-11 there were 52 wides. An umpire straightens both his arms to form horizontal, straight line to signal a wide. The conventional scoring notation for a wide is an equal cross (likened to the umpire standing with arms outstretched signalling a wide). If the batsmen run byes on a wide ball or the ball runs"
"on the receiver's side may have to cover the center service line then, following the serve, move to one of the sidelines. The line umpire signals a ball out by making a verbal ""out"" call (""fault"" for a serve) followed by the extension of the arm shoulder high in the direction the ball was out. A ball is signalled ""safe"" or ""good"" by holding both hands together knee high in front of the body. A line umpire who is unable to call a shot (usually because a player obstructs his/her view) signals this by holding his/her hands beside his/her head,"
"""vice-versa"". The game on the field is regulated by the two umpires, one of whom stands behind the wicket at the bowler's end, the other in a position called ""square leg"" which is about 15–20 metres away from the batsman on strike and in line with the popping crease on which he is taking guard. The umpires have several responsibilities including adjudication on whether a ball has been correctly bowled (i.e., not a no-ball or a wide); when a run is scored; whether a batsman is out (the fielding side must first appeal to the umpire, usually with the phrase"
"decisions; however, it is the norm for a batsman to walk when he is out bowled or out to an obvious catch. If the fielding side believes a batsman is out, the fielding side must ""appeal"", by asking the umpire to provide a ruling. The umpire's response is either to raise his index finger above his head to indicate that the batsman is out, or to clearly say ""not out"", which is usually accompanied with a shake of the head. The 'out' signal is the only signal that, if indicated by the striker's end umpire, does not require confirmation by"
"their elbows to their sides and then extending their arms fully to the side. For emphasis, an umpire may fully cross and extend his arms several times to indicate safe. Verbally, the umpire will usually simply say ""safe"". If a close play occurs that may have appeared to be a putout, the umpire will also call a reason for the safe call, such as ""he dropped the ball"" or ""he missed the tag"". Calling safe is a subjective decision which is better made using the sounds of the runner hitting the bag and the fielder catching the ball, rather than"
"can authorize an appeal to the base umpire): the first base umpire for right-handed batters, and the third base umpire for left-handed batters; to indicate a checked swing, the umpire will make a ""safe"" gesture with his arms. To indicate a full swing, he will clench his fist. When four umpires are used (as is the case for all regular season MLB games unless one has to leave due to injury), each umpire is named for the base at which he is stationed. Sometimes a league will provide six umpires; the extra two are stationed along the outfield foul lines"
"straightening of the arm at the elbow has been interpreted as the domain of the match referee and a system of reports to the ICC, rather than a matter for the umpires to decide and call on the field as a no-ball at each incidence. This de facto migration of responsibility has caused controversy, with some commentators claiming it has eroded the official support and authority owed to the umpires. Match referee A match referee is an official appointed to oversee professional cricket matches. Match referees for Test matches and One Day Internationals are appointed by the International Cricket Council"
"refer the matter to the Third Umpire. The umpires may additionally refer decisions to the Third Umpire regarding Bump Balls and catches being taken cleanly (but only after the on-field umpires have consulted and both were unsighted). The Third Umpire is not used except in international or important domestic matches. The signal to refer a matter is using both hands to mime a TV screen by making a box shape. For extreme misconduct by one team, the umpire may award five penalty runs to the other team. Placing one arm on the opposite shoulder indicates that the penalty runs are"
"securely, take a few more steps, collide with a wall or another player, and drop the ball. This is not a catch. Umpires signal a catch with the out signal: a fist raised into the air, often with a hammering motion; if there is doubt about it, the umpire will likely shout ""That's a catch!"" On a close no-catch, the umpire will signal with the safe signal, which is both arms swept to the side and extended, accompanied by the call """"No"" catch, ""no"" catch!"" with an emphasis on the word ""no"". The fielder must catch the ball with his"
"Billy Bowden Brent Fraser ""Billy"" Bowden (born 11 April 1963) is a cricket umpire from New Zealand. He was a player until he began to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. He is well known for his dramatic signalling style which includes the famous ""crooked finger of doom"" out signal. On 6 February 2016, Bowden stood in his 200th One Day International match in the game between New Zealand and Australia in Wellington. In March 1995, he officiated his first One Day International between New Zealand and Sri Lanka at Hamilton. In March 2000 he was appointed his first Test match as"
"""One Eye, One Arm, One Leg"" near the end of his life. This is in fact inaccurate - Nelson never lost a leg. Alternate meanings include ""One Eye, One Arm, One Ambition"" and ""One Eye, One Arm, One Arsehole"". It is particularly known as a score in cricket. A score of 111 or multiples thereof (222 = ""double nelson"", 333 = ""triple nelson"" and so on) is considered unlucky by some in English cricket. To combat the bad luck those watching are supposed to lift their feet off the ground, famously the international umpire David Shepherd, had a whole retinue"
"at the bowler's end makes the decisions, which he mainly indicates using arm signals. Some decisions must be instantaneous, whereas for others he may pause to think or discuss it with the square leg umpire, especially if the latter may have had a better view. These decisions have an important effect on the play and are signalled straight away. An umpire will not give a batsman out unless an appeal is made by the fielding side, though a batsman may ""walk"" if he knows himself to be out. This is nowadays rare, especially in Tests and first-class matches for contentious"
"matches also have a match referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws and the spirit of the game. The match details, including runs and dismissals, are recorded by two official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire (see image, right). For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batsman is out (has been dismissed); he raises both arms above his head if the batsman has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws to record all runs scored,"
"it is in outdoor cricket. A batsman can only be dismissed lbw if he does not offer a shot and the umpire is satisfied that the ball would then have hit the stumps. Indoor cricket is officiated by one umpire who is situated outside of the playing area at the strike batsmen's end of the court. The umpire sits or stands on a raised platform that is usually 3 metres above ground level. Secondary officials (such as scorers or video umpires) have sometimes been utilised in national or international competition. The team with the higher score at the conclusion of"
"matches and makes no decisions affecting the outcome of the game. Traditionally, cricket matches have two umpires on the field, one standing at the end where the bowler delivers the ball (Bowler's end), and one directly opposite the facing batsman (usually, but not always, at square leg). However, in the modern game, there may be more than two umpires; for example Test Matches have four: two on-field umpires, a third umpire who has access to video replays, and a fourth umpire who looks after the match balls, takes out the drinks for the on-field umpires/ The International Cricket Council (ICC)"
"regulation. By default, it is the bowler's end umpire who calls and signals no-ball. When judgement of ball height is required (for beamers and short balls), his colleague (the striker's end umpire) will assist him with a signal. Either umpire may call a bowler for throwing, although the striker's end umpire is naturally better-placed, and so has the primary responsibility. The striker's end umpire calls no-ball for infringement by the wicket-keeper, and for position of the fielders, but the bowler's end umpire calls no-ball for fielder encroachment on the wicket. A batsman may not be given out bowled, leg before"
"appeal combined with the wicket keeper is crucial in umpire's decision. According to the Laws of Cricket, an appeal is a verbal query, usually in the form of, ""How's that?"" to an umpire. Since the taking of a wicket is an important event in the game, members of the fielding team often shout this phrase with great enthusiasm, and it has transmuted into the slightly abbreviated form, ""Howzat?"", often with a greatly extended final syllable. Sometimes one or other syllable is omitted entirely, the player emitting an elongated cry of simply ""How?"" or ""Zat?"". Most players also raise their arms"
"Appeal (cricket) In the sport of cricket, an appeal is the act of a player on the fielding team asking an umpire for a decision regarding whether a batsman is out or not. According to Law 31 of the Laws of Cricket, an umpire may not rule a batsman out unless the fielding side appeals. On many occasions when a batsman has otherwise technically been out, the fielding team neglects to appeal, so the umpire does not declare them out. An appeal may be made at any point before the bowler starts their run-up for the next ball. A bowler's"
"at the end of the day's play, the umpires will also remove the stumps. Stump (cricket) In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. ""Stumping"" or ""being stumped"" is a method of dismissing a batsman. The umpire ""calling stumps"" means the play is over for the day. The stumps are three vertical posts which support two bails. The stumps and bails are usually made of wood, most commonly ash, and together form a wicket at each end of the pitch. The overall width of each wicket is 9 inches (22.9 cm)."
"is signalled by the umpire raising both hands above his head, often in a celebratory manner. For a six to be scored, the ball must come off the bat, so it is impossible to have six byes for a ball crossing the boundary (without there being overthrows). If runs are to be scored as byes, the umpire will hold up one open palm above the head. Leg byes are signalled by the umpire touching a raised knee. If one of the batsmen turns to complete runs after the first without grounding his person or equipment behind the popping crease, then"
"Third umpire The third umpire (or TV Umpire) is an off-field umpire in international cricket matches who makes the final decision in questions referred to him by the two on-field umpires. Television replays and other technology are available to the third umpire to assist him in coming to a decision. An on-field umpire can, at his own discretion, use a radio link to refer any close decision concerning dismissals (catches, runouts or stumpings) or boundaries to the third umpire. Also players can initiate reviews of particular decisions by the on-field umpires, which are judged by the third umpire. The third"
"match bans, as adjudicated and imposed by the match referee. Appeal (cricket) In the sport of cricket, an appeal is the act of a player on the fielding team asking an umpire for a decision regarding whether a batsman is out or not. According to Law 31 of the Laws of Cricket, an umpire may not rule a batsman out unless the fielding side appeals. On many occasions when a batsman has otherwise technically been out, the fielding team neglects to appeal, so the umpire does not declare them out. An appeal may be made at any point before the"
"Stump (cricket) In cricket, the stumps are the three vertical posts that support the bails and form the wicket. ""Stumping"" or ""being stumped"" is a method of dismissing a batsman. The umpire ""calling stumps"" means the play is over for the day. The stumps are three vertical posts which support two bails. The stumps and bails are usually made of wood, most commonly ash, and together form a wicket at each end of the pitch. The overall width of each wicket is 9 inches (22.9 cm). Each stump is 28 inches (71.1 cm) tall with maximum and minimum diameters of"
"the referee usually signals such infringements by displaying a yellow card. In Australian rugby league, the referee will raise both hands and spread his digits to indicate ""10 minutes""; elsewhere, the yellow card is used. Often, if a team is committing one offence repeatedly, the referee will warn the captain that the next time they commit that offence, the player responsible will be sent to the bin. In the European Super League and other UK based competitions, the referee will face the offending team and circle one arm towards them to signal a team warning; this saves time and also"
"averaged around 3 or 4 byes per Test. Lindsay conceded no byes at all in his last four Tests. The umpire signals byes by raising his arm into a vertical position, the palm of his hand open to distinguish between the signal for byes and out. Passed ball - baseball term for an unhit uncaught ball Bye (cricket) In the sport of cricket, a bye is a run scored by the batting team when the ball has not been hit by the batsman and the ball has not hit the batsman's body. Usually, if the ball passes the batsman without"
"it. Prior to his retirement from Test cricket Australian captain Steve Waugh called for leg byes to be removed from the sport, commenting: ""I don't think you should get runs when you miss the ball."" Umpires signal a leg bye with a hand touching their raised knee. Leg bye In the sport of cricket, a leg bye is a run scored by the batting team if the batsman has not hit the ball with his or her bat, but the ball has hit the batsman's body or protective gear. It is covered by Law 23 of the Laws of Cricket."
"Out (baseball) In baseball, an out occurs when the umpire rules a batter or baserunner out. When three outs are recorded in an inning, a team's half of the inning, or their turn at batting, ends. To signal an out, an umpire generally makes a fist with one hand, and then flexes that arm either upward, particularly on pop flies, or forward, particularly on routine plays at first base. Home plate umpires often use a ""punch-out"" motion to signal a called third strike. The most common ways batters or runners are put out are by strikeouts, fly outs, tag outs,"
"fielding team. In both cases players can consult on-field teammates but signals from off the field are not permitted. A review request can be made by the player with a 'T' sign; the umpire will consult the TV umpire, who will review TV coverage of the incident before relaying back fact-based information. The field umpire can then either reverse his decision or stand by it; he indicates ""out"" with a raised finger and ""not out"" by crossing his hands in a horizontal position side to side in front and above his waist three times. The TV umpire can use regular"
"Nelson (cricket) Nelson is a piece of cricket slang terminology and superstition. The name, applied to team or individual scores of 111 or multiples thereof (known as double nelson, triple nelson, etc.) is thought to refer to a wicket. Longtime cricket historian and scorer, Bill ""Bearders"" Frindall once referred to it online as ""one eye, one arm and one etcetera"", implying that Nelson's alleged third lost body part was ""something else"", however this is equally mythical. In the 1939 film of ""Goodbye, Mr Chips"" a schoolboy refers to Nelson in these terms: ""One arm, one eye, one destiny"". Umpire David"
"with putouts, they are credited with their role in getting outs through various pitching statistics such as innings pitched (a measure of the number of outs made by the pitcher, used in calculating his ERA) and strikeouts. Out (baseball) In baseball, an out occurs when the umpire rules a batter or baserunner out. When three outs are recorded in an inning, a team's half of the inning, or their turn at batting, ends. To signal an out, an umpire generally makes a fist with one hand, and then flexes that arm either upward, particularly on pop flies, or forward, particularly"