Originally a symbol of St Peter and now featured on the flag of the Vatican, which emblem is often used as a pub sign in Britain?
"Gonfalone of the Church The Banner of the Holy Roman Church (Latin: ""Vexillum""; Italian: ""Gonfalone di Santa Romana Chiesa"", occasionally ""Vessilio di San Pietro"", ""Standard of St. Peter"") was the battle standard of the Papal States during the Renaissance and a symbol of the Roman Catholic Church. The office of the Gonfalonier of the Church was originally intended to function as its bearer. The insignia was made of red cloth decorated, initially, with the image of St. Peter and occasionally later with St. Paul as well. Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) replaced these with the emblem of crossed keys surmounted by"
"football team and England and Wales cricket team. The lion rampant continues to be used widely today; the Royal Banner of Scotland has given rise to its use as the emblem for the Scotland national football team and Rangers and Dundee United of the Scottish Premier League, as well as English Premier League club Aston Villa; and not only sport but businesses such as the French car company Peugeot, the international beer company Lion Nathan, and Caledonian MacBrayne ferries. Arising from heraldic use, the ""Red Lion"" is also a popular pub name, with over 600 pubs bearing the name. A"
"Flag of the United Kingdom The national flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Jack, also known as the Union Flag. The current design of the Union Jack dates from the union of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland). Wales is not represented in the Union Flag by Wales's patron saint, Saint David, as at the time the flag"
"as the symbol of Bologna, Padua, Genoa, Reggio Emilia, Mantua, Vercelli, Alessandria, is instead derived from an older flag, called the ""Cross of Saint Ambrose"", adopted by the Commune of Milan in 1045. Saint George also rose to the position of ""patron saint"" of England after the English reformation, and since the early modern period his flag came to be identified as the national flag of England. Saint George is also the patron saint of Georgia, and the national flag of Georgia (2004) displays a combination of Saint George's cross and the Jerusalem cross. Saint George became widely venerated as"
"in the upper hoist canton (the top left quarter). The sword is believed to represent the sword that beheaded Saint Paul who is the patron saint of the city. The flag used by the British Royal Navy (the White Ensign) is also based on the flag of England, consisting of the St George's Cross and a Union Flag in the canton. In addition to the United Kingdom, several countries in the Commonwealth of Nations also have variants of the White Ensign with their own national flags in the canton, with the St George's Cross sometimes being replaced by a naval"
"territories of the British Empire. The St George's Cross is also used as the city flag of some northern Italian cities, such as Milan and Bologna. Flag of England The flag of England is derived from Saint George's Cross (heraldic blazon: ""Argent, a cross gules""). The association of the red cross as an emblem of England can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and it was used as a component in the design of the Union Flag in 1606. Since the 1990s it has been in increasingly wide use, particularly at national sporting events. In 1188 Henry II of"
"representing Christianity. The Flag of Portugal also has Christian symbolism, bearing the five wounds of Christ. The Flag of Vatican City features the keys of St. Peter, which were given to him by Jesus Christ, one ""or"" (gold) and one ""argent"" (silver), which represent heavenly and earthly power respectively. The flag also features a Christian cross, which surmounts the Papal Tiara. In the Middle Ages, Christian flags bore various types of Christian crosses. Military orders of Christian knights used these crosses in their flags. For example, the Knights Hospitaller (Knights of Malta) used and continue to use a Maltese cross"
"Celtic Cross. The Church of Ireland use the St Patrick's Saltire but also use the Compass-rose Flag of the Anglican Communion equally. The Evangelical Church in Germany, a federation of Lutheran, Reformed and United Protestant churches, has a flag with a violet Latin cross. Additionally, many Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox churches maintain the use of the Labarum, a historical symbol of Christianity, which is rarely used as a flag at present. In the beginnings of ecumenical movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Christian Flag was first conceived on September 26, 1897, at Brighton Chapel on Coney"
"in the Philippines and Patras in Greece. He was also the patron saint of Prussia and of the Order of the Golden Fleece. He is considered the founder and the first bishop of the Church of Byzantium and is consequently the patron saint of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The flag of Scotland (and consequently the Union Flag and those of some of the former colonies of the British Empire) feature Saint Andrew's saltire cross. The saltire is also the flag of Tenerife, the former flag of Galicia and the Russian Navy Ensign. The Confederate flag also features a saltire"
"Lamb & Flag, Oxford The Lamb & Flag is a pub in St Giles' Street, Oxford, England. It is owned by St John's College, and profits fund DPhil student scholarships. The pub lies just north of the main entrance to St John's College, who manage it. The Lamb & Flag Passage runs through the south side of the building, connecting St Giles' with Museum Road, where there is an entrance to Keble College to the rear of the pub. The name of the pub comes from the symbol of Christ as the victorious Lamb of God (""Agnus Dei"") of the"
"the Court of the Lord Lyon stated in 2012 that ""[that] would be speculation at this stage, and we could only cross that bridge if we came to it."" Flag of the United Kingdom The national flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Jack, also known as the Union Flag. The current design of the Union Jack dates from the union of Ireland and Great Britain in 1801. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which are superimposed on"
"is used in the insignia of the Order of Saint Patrick, established in 1783, and after the Acts of Union 1800 it was combined with the Saint George's Cross of England and the Saint Andrew's Cross of Scotland to form the Union Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. A saltire was intermittently used as a symbol of Ireland from the seventeenth century, but without reference to Patrick. It was formerly a common custom to wear a cross made of paper or ribbon on St Patrick's Day. Surviving examples of such badges come in many colours and"
"from the later Middle Ages, e.g. in the early 14th century the ""insignia cruxata comunis "" of the city of Genoa, the red-on-white cross that would later become known as St George's Cross, and the white-on-red cross of the ""Reichssturmfahne"" used as the war flag of the Holy Roman Emperor possibly from the early 13th century. Crosses on flags become more widespread in the Age of Sail, as maritime flags, and from this tradition develop into national flags in the 18th to 19th century, the British Union flag (as naval flag) was introduced in 1606, after the Union of the"
"in the form of a pictorial pun or rebus. For example, a pub in Crowborough, East Sussex called ""The Crow and Gate"" had for some years an image of a crow with gates as wings. A ""British Pathe News"" film of 1956 shows artist Michael Farrar-Bell at work producing inn signs. Most British pubs still have decorated signs hanging over their doors, and these retain their original function of enabling the identification of the pub. Today's pub signs almost always bear the name of the pub, both in words and in pictorial representation. The more remote country pubs often have"
"The keys as a symbol of Saint Peter may be found within many coats of arms; the coat of arms of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen displayed two argent (silver) crossed keys as Saint Peter is the patron saint of the Bremian archiepiscopal cathedral. The Papal Tiara or ""triregnum"" is the three-tiered crown used by the Pope as a sovereign power. It is first found as an independent emblem in the 13th century, though at that time with only one coronet. In the 15th century, the tiara was combined with the keys above the papal shield. The tiara and keys together"
"Saint Piran's Flag Saint Piran's Flag () is the flag of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The earliest known description of the flag as the Standard of Cornwall was written in 1838. It is used by some Cornish people as a symbol of their identity. It is a white cross, which has a similar design to that of Saint George on the English flag, that is laid on top of a black background. The flag is attributed to Saint Piran, a 6th-century Cornish abbot. One early use of a white cross and black background design is the 15th-century coat of arms"
"their roots in historical Christian flags used in historic Christian empires, such as the Byzantine Empire, or in crusader vexillology. All the flags based on the Dannebrog, including the Flag of Finland, Flag of the Faroe Islands, Flag of Iceland, Flag of Norway and Flag of Sweden contain a Christian cross, representing Christianity. The Union Jack of Great Britain, as well as its descendant flags, ""makes reference to three Christian patron saints: the patron saint of England, represented by the red cross of Saint George, the patron saint of Ireland, represented by the red saltire of Saint Patrick, and the"
"some cases local nicknames, farming terms and puns were used. Local events were often commemorated in pub signs. Simple natural or religious symbols such as 'The Sun', 'The Star' and 'The Cross' were incorporated into pub signs, sometimes being adapted to incorporate elements of the heraldry (e.g. the coat of arms) of the local lords who owned the lands upon which the pub stood. Some pubs have Latin inscriptions. Other subjects that lent themselves to visual depiction included the name of battles (e.g. Trafalgar), explorers, local notables, discoveries, sporting heroes and members of the royal family. Some pub signs are"
"The Star and Garter The Star and Garter is a pub in Manchester, England with a room upstairs for club nights and gigs. It is situated on Fairfield Street behind Piccadilly railway station and has been a Grade II listed building since 20 June 1988. The name ""Star and Garter"" originates from an abbreviation of the name of the insignia belonging to Order of the Garter. The Star is eight pointed and of chipped silver. At its centre is a white enamelled medallion bearing the Cross of St George in red enamel and surrounded by a dark blue enamelled Garter"
"a St George's Cross in the centre surrounded with a gold band with the wording, ""The Truth shall make you free."" in New Testament Greek on it. From the band sprout the points of a compass (symbolising the spread worldwide of Anglicanism). On the ""North"" of the compass is a mitre (a symbol of apostolic order essential to all Churches and Provinces constituting the Anglican Communion). The Church of Scotland use a Flag of Scotland depicting the Burning Bush (or Unburnt Bush, in some traditions). The Church in Wales use a blue Cross of St George defaced with a gold"
"Probably its most conspicuous usage has been its incorporation in stained glass windows notably in Cambridge and Edinburgh. In Cambridge it is found in the baptismal window of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, together with other allied Christian symbols, originating in the 19th century. In Scotland, it is found in a window in the Scottish National War Memorial in Edinburgh. The work was undertaken by Dr Robert Strachan and installed during the 1920s. He was also responsible for a window in the chapel of Westminster College, Cambridge. A similar usage is to be found in the Central Congregational Church"
"wheel as a symbol for St Catharine also occurs among the flushwork panels at St Peter's Hall. The Fundenhall loft paintings are now barely decipherable. Of the five panels above the central span (described by Blomefield before 1752), the middle panel shows a shield with the three crowns of East Anglia surrounded by a votive text to St Edmund in a circular frame. Left of this is the shield for St Peter (""P"" surmounted by crossed keys), right is that for the church patron St Nicholas (""S N"" surmounted by mitre and ?crown), and far right, placed out of line"
"or nonsensical names, with the effect of differentiating them from competitors. Before painted inn signs became commonplace, medieval publicans often identify their establishment by hanging or standing a distinctive object outside the pub. This tradition dates back to Roman times, when the owners of tabernae used to hang some vine leaves outside their property to show where wine was sold. Sometimes the object was coloured, such as ""Blue Post"" or ""Blue Door"". The ubiquity of the naming element ""arms"" shows how important heraldry has been in the naming of pubs. The simpler symbols of the heraldic badges of royalty or"
"corrupt, through weathering, or unskillful paintwork by an amateur artist. Apparently, many pubs called the Cat or Cat and Custard Pot were originally Tigers or Red Lions with signs that ""looked more like a cat"" in the opinion of locals. The amount of religious symbolism in pub names decreased after Henry VIII's break from the church of Rome. For instance, many pubs now called the King's Head were originally called the Pope's Head. Royal names have always been popular (except under the Commonwealth). It demonstrated the landlord's loyalty to authority (whether he was loyal or not), especially after the restoration"
"of Saint Patrick. The most widespread use of St Patrick's Saltire today is in the Flag of the United Kingdom. With the 1800 Act of Union that merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, the red saltire was incorporated into the Flag of the United Kingdom as representing Ireland. The red saltire is counterchanged with the saltire of St Andrew, such that the white always follows the red clockwise. The arrangement accounts for the discontinuous look of the red diagonal lines, and has introduced a requirement to display the flag ""the right way up"", with the white line of"
"for example, whether the Clifton hermit was himself called ""Vincent"" and later became associated with the saint. St Vincent might also have been known in Bristol relatively early through the city’s wine trade with Portugal and Spain (he was born in Huesca, lived and worked in Zaragoza, and is patron saint of Lisbon and of vintners). Goram is commemorated in the features Goram’s Chair and Footprint (some versions seem to treat these as the same thing, saying that the Chair was formed by the giant stamping his foot) and Soap-Dish in the gorge of the Hazel Brook. A pub of"
"and the patron saint from Genoa at some point during his crusade. This idea can be traced to the Victorian era, Perrin (1922) refers to it as a ""common belief"", and it is still popularly repeated today even though it cannot be substantiated as historical. On the origins of the flag and its connection to the Genoese flag the Duke of Kent remarked in 1992: ""The St. George's flag, a red cross on a white field, was adopted by England and the City of London in 1190 for their ships entering the Mediterranean to benefit from the protection of the"
"pub's sign; the design originated in ancient Rome, where a chequer board indicated that a bar also provided banking services. The checked board was used as an aid to counting and is the origin of the word exchequer. In the 17th-century, ale houses and inns were required to hang out lanterns to help illuminate the street. In Steyning the hook at the end of the Chequer sign bracket was used to support the town lamp. The lamp was missing for many years but was found & restored by the then landlord, Colin Garlic. A few years ago, before the Steyning"
"been used before 1838. However, Gilbert did not leave a record of his background research, and referred only to his ""recollection"". One of the oldest depictions of the flag can be seen in a stained glass window at Westminster Abbey. It was unveiled in 1888, in memory of the famous Cornish inventor and engineer Richard Trevithick. The window depicts St Michael at the top and nine Cornish saints, Piran, Petroc, Pinnock, Germanus, Julian, Cyriacus, Constantine, Nonna and Geraint in tiers below. The head of St Piran appears to be a portrait of Trevithick himself, and the figure carries the banner"
"use until the 20th century. However, it is called in Latin ""Scutum Sancte Trinitatis"" or ""Shield of the Holy Trinity"" (where ""sancte"" is a medieval form for more classical ""sanctae"") on the font in Crosthwaite Church, near Keswick, Cumbria, England. Other variant names are ""Arms of the Trinity"", ""Shield of the Blessed Trinity"", ""Emblem of the Trinity"", ""Arms of the Faith"", ""Emblem of the Holy and Undivided Trinity"", etc. Some variations of the Shield of the Trinity diagram are shown in the image below: A shield-shaped version of the diagram placed on a red shield (heraldic ""gules"") was attributed as"
"to an arrow with a cross is also sometimes used. It predates the flag and is still in use today. The cross on the ""P""'s tail refers to the cross on the Venus or female symbol (♀), and the arrow refers to the arrow on the Mars or male symbol (♂). While it does not technically have a name, it is sometimes colloquially referred to as ""the pansexual symbol"". In the United Kingdom, since 2006 the ""Pink Jack"" has been widely used to represent a uniquely British LGBT identity. A transgender symbol is the Transgender Pride Flag designed by transgender"
"a ""triregnum"" (Papal tiara). This symbol is used in several instances. The Pope's personal arms are surmounted by the aforementioned two keys in saltire behind the escutcheon (one key silver and one key gold, tied with a red cord), and above them the silver ""triregnum"" bearing three gold crowns and red ""infulae"" (the lappets which hang down from the back of the tiara and fall over the shoulders when it is worn). This tradition goes back to the 15th century, the symbolism of the keys of Peter was first used by Pope Nicholas V (elected 1447). The latest two Popes"
"(as of 2013; Benedict XVI and Pope Francis) have replaced the tiara with a simple mitre on which is depicted the three tiered cross of the papacy, reminiscent of the three tiers of the tiara. A listing of the coats of arms of the Popes can be found at: Papal coats of arms. The yellow and white flag of Vatican City also makes use of this emblem on the right hand side in the white half of the flag. The yellow and white colours were first adopted in 1808 as the flag of the personal guard of Pius VII, when"