How many symphonies did Johannes Brahms write?
"as the novel, Beethoven-like main subject of the grand finale. Symphony No. 1 (Brahms) Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68, is a symphony written by Johannes Brahms. Brahms spent at least fourteen years completing this work, whose sketches date from 1854. Brahms himself declared that the symphony, from sketches to finishing touches, took 21 years, from 1855 to 1876. The premiere of this symphony, conducted by the composer's friend Felix Otto Dessoff, occurred on 4 November 1876, in Karlsruhe, then in the Grand Duchy of Baden. A typical performance lasts between 45 and 50 minutes. Brahms began composing"
"Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria. His reputation and status as a composer are such that he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the ""Three Bs"" of music, a comment originally made by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow. Brahms composed for symphony orchestra, chamber ensembles, piano, organ, and voice and chorus. A virtuoso pianist, he premiered many of"
"melodic motives to create a fabric of continuous melody. Schoenberg, the creator of the 12-tone system of composition, traced the roots of his modernism to Brahms, in his essay ""Brahms the Progressive"". All told, Brahms published 24 works of chamber music, including three string quartets, five piano trios, the quintet for piano and strings, Op. 34, and other works. Among his last works were the clarinet quintet, Op. 115, and a trio for clarinet, cello and piano. He wrote a trio for the unusual combination of piano, violin and horn, Op. 40. He also wrote two songs for alto singer,"
"Sixteen Waltzes, Op. 39 (Brahms) Sixteen Waltzes (German; ""Sechzehn Walzer""), Op. 39, is a set of 16 short waltzes for piano written by Johannes Brahms. They were composed in 1865, and published in 1866, dedicated to the music critic Eduard Hanslick. These waltzes were written for piano four hands, and were also arranged for piano solo by the composer, in two different versions – difficult and simplified. The three versions were published at the same time, and sold well, contrary to the composer's expectations. The waltzes were written while the composer lived in Vienna, a city where he would permanently"
"Dances"" (1869), the ""Liebeslieder Walzer"", Op. 52, (1868/69), and his collections of lieder (Opp. 43 and 46–49). Following such successes he finally completed a number of works that he had wrestled with over many years such as the cantata ""Rinaldo"" (1863–1868), his first two string quartets Op. 51 nos. 1 and 2 (1865–1873), the third piano quartet (1855–1875), and most notably his first symphony which appeared in 1876, but which had been begun as early as 1855. From 1872 to 1875, Brahms was director of the concerts of the Vienna Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde. He ensured that the orchestra was staffed"
"Serenades (Brahms) The two Serenades, Op. 11 and 16, represented two of the earliest efforts by Johannes Brahms to write orchestral music. They both date from after the 1856 death of Robert Schumann when Brahms was residing in Detmold and had access to an orchestra. Brahms had a goal of reaching Ludwig van Beethoven's level in writing symphonies, and worked long and hard on his Symphony No. 1, completing it only in 1876 when he was 43 years old. As preliminary steps in composing for orchestra, he chose early on to write some lighter orchestral pieces, these Serenades. The second"
"A German Requiem (Brahms) A German Requiem, to Words of the Holy Scriptures, Op. 45 () by Johannes Brahms, is a large-scale work for chorus, orchestra, a soprano and a baritone soloist, composed between 1865 and 1868. It comprises seven movements, which together last 65 to 80 minutes, making this work Brahms's longest composition. ""A German Requiem"" is sacred but non-liturgical, and unlike a long tradition of the Latin ""Requiem"", ""A German Requiem"", as its title states, is a ""Requiem"" in the German language. Brahms's mother died in February 1865, a loss that caused him much grief and may well"
"least three more. The manuscript to the first movement apparently does not survive, yet the remainder has been reproduced in miniature facsimile by Dover Publications. The autograph manuscript of the second, third, and fourth movements is held by the Morgan Library & Museum in New York City. The symphony is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones (fourth movement only), timpani and the string section The symphony is in four movements, marked as follows: The first movement is in sonata form with an extended introduction. Unique among Brahms symphonies, the"
"numbers, in addition to a number of nearly 140 works without such numbers. He wrote music in all genres. His nine symphonies (a tenth was completed, but withdrawn: Cf.) show a progress from the classical style of his predecessors to program music: his sixth symphony represents successive styles from ""Bach–Handel"" to the moderns; his seventh symphony represents the 'sacred and secular in human life' with a double orchestra; and his ninth symphony represents ""Die Jahreszeiten"" (The Seasons). (The autograph score of the tenth symphony, which bears the complete work, is held by the Staatsbibliothek Berlin. Furthermore the same institution holds"
"of the most complex symphonic writing ever created. As scholars study Bruckner's scores they continue to revel in the complexity of Bruckner's creative logic."" Bruckner composed eleven symphonies, the first, the Study Symphony in F minor in 1863, the last, the unfinished Symphony No. 9 in D minor in 1887–96. With the exception of Symphony No. 4 (""Romantic""), none of Bruckner's symphonies has a subtitle and in the case of those that now do, the nicknames or subtitles did not originate with the composer. Bruckner's symphonies are scored for a fairly standard orchestra of woodwinds in pairs, four horns, two"
"Schubert's symphonies Franz Schubert completed seven symphonies; nonetheless, one of his incomplete symphonies, the ""Unfinished Symphony"" is among his most popular works. By 1818, Schubert had completed 6 symphonies: Apart from the ""Great C major"" (D. 944), all of Schubert's late symphony projects remained unfinished. Confusion arose quite early over the numbering of Schubert's symphonies, in particular the ""Great C major"" Symphony. George Grove, who rediscovered many of Schubert's symphonies, assigned the following numbering after his 1867 visit to Vienna: Breitkopf & Härtel, when preparing the 1897 complete works publication, originally planned to publish only complete works (which would have"
"Fünf Gesänge, Op. 104 (Brahms) Fünf Gesänge (Five songs), Op. 104, is a song cycle of five part songs for mixed choir a cappella by Johannes Brahms. Composed in 1888 when Brahms was a 55-year-old bachelor, the five songs reflect an intensely nostalgic and even tragic mood. Brahms has chosen texts which centre on lost youth, summer turning into fall and, ultimately, man's mortality. While the score and the parts themselves are not that difficult for the singers, the sombre nature of the texts coupled with intense soaring melodies and complex harmonies make it quite a demanding work for any"
"Robert and Clara Schumann, Mendelssohn, Liszt and Bruckner were all organists. Brahms was an extreme perfectionist. He destroyed many early works – including a violin sonata he had performed with Reményi and violinist Ferdinand David – and once claimed to have destroyed 20 string quartets before he issued his official First in 1873. Over the course of several years, he changed an original project for a symphony in D minor into his first piano concerto. In another instance of devotion to detail, he laboured over the official First Symphony for almost fifteen years, from about 1861 to 1876. Even after"
"Vier ernste Gesänge Vier ernste Gesänge (Four Serious Songs), Op. 121, is a cycle of four songs for bass and piano by Johannes Brahms. He composed the work in Vienna in 1896 and dedicated it to Max Klinger. Between 1865 and 1868, as a young man, Brahms had composed ""Ein deutsches Requiem"" (""A German Requiem""), dealing with death, based on a compilation of biblical quotations in Luther's translation. He wrote ""Vier ernste Gesänge"" late in life, again on words from the Bible. His friend Clara Schumann had suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896. Brahms completed the composition of this"
"Piano Concerto No. 1 (Brahms) The Piano Concerto No. 1 in D minor, Op. 15, is a work for piano and orchestra completed by Johannes Brahms in 1858. The composer gave the work's public debut in Hannover, the following year. It was his first-performed orchestral work, and (in its third performance) his first orchestral work performed to audience approval. This concerto is written in the traditional three movements and is approximately 40 to 50 minutes long. The piece is scored for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (B and A), 2 bassoons, 4 horns (initially 2 in D, 2 in"
"Serenade. The Serenade consists of six movements and lasts around 45 minutes. The second serenade was written in 1859 and dedicated to Clara Schumann. The first public performance was in Hamburg on 10 February 1860. It was revised in 1875. It is scored for a chamber orchestra, including double woodwinds but omitting violins, trumpets, trombones, and percussion. The five movements take approximately thirty minutes to perform. Serenades (Brahms) The two Serenades, Op. 11 and 16, represented two of the earliest efforts by Johannes Brahms to write orchestral music. They both date from after the 1856 death of Robert Schumann when"
"Brahms, shows Nielsen's individuality. In Symphony No. 2 (Op. 16, 1901–02), Nielsen embarks on the development of human character. Inspiration came from a painting in an inn depicting the four temperaments (choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic, and sanguine). The title of Symphony No. 3, ""Sinfonia Espansiva"" (Op. 27, 1910–11), is understood by the English composer Robert Simpson to refer to the ""outward growth of the mind's scope"". It fully exploits Nielsen's technique of confronting two keys at the same time and includes a peaceful section with soprano and baritone voices, singing a tune without words. Symphony No. 4, ""The Inextinguishable"" (Op. 29,"
"Symphonic poems (Liszt) The symphonic poems of the Hungarian composer Franz Liszt are a series of 13 orchestral works, numbered S.95–107. The first 12 were composed between 1848 and 1858 (though some use material conceived earlier); the last, ""Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe"" (""From the Cradle to the Grave""), followed in 1882. These works helped establish the genre of orchestral program music—compositions written to illustrate an extra-musical plan derived from a play, poem, painting or work of nature. They inspired the symphonic poems of Bedřich Smetana, Antonín Dvořák, Richard Strauss and others. Liszt's intent, according to musicologist Hugh MacDonald,"
"Clarinet Quintet (Brahms) Johannes Brahms's Clarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115 was written in 1891 for the clarinettist Richard Mühlfeld. It is scored for a clarinet in A with a string quartet. It has a duration of approximately thirty-five minutes. At the time Brahms started composing his Clarinet Quintet, only a few works had been composed for this type of ensemble. Examples of clarinet quintets include those by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Anton Reicha, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Sigismund von Neukomm, Carl Maria von Weber, Franz Krommer, Alexander Glazunov, Heinrich Baermann, and Thomas Täglichsbeck. Brahms modeled his composition after Mozart's. Brahms had"
"Ballades, Op. 10 (Brahms) The Ballades, Op. 10, are lyrical piano pieces written by Johannes Brahms during his youth. They were dated 1854 and were dedicated to his friend Julius Otto Grimm. Their composition coincided with the beginning of the composer's lifelong affection for Clara Schumann, the wife of Robert Schumann, who was helping Brahms launch his career. Frédéric Chopin had written the last of his famous ballades only 12 years earlier, but Brahms approached the genre differently from Chopin, choosing to take its origin in narrative poetry more literally. Brahms's ballades are arranged in two pairs of two, the"
"once again became restored to greatness. Brahms had been emulating Baroque models for six years or more. In particular, between the time he wrote his previous ""Two Sets of Variations for piano"", (No. 1, ""Eleven Variations on an Original Theme, in D major (1857)"" and No. 2, ""Fourteen Variations on a Hungarian Melody, in D major (1854)""), Op. 21, and the ""Handel Variations"", Op. 24, Brahms did a careful study of ""more rigorous, complex and historical models, among others preludes, fugues, canons and the then obscure dance movements of the Baroque period. Two gigues and two sarabandes that Brahms wrote"
"before his reputation was firmly established by ""A German Requiem"" in Bremen in 1868, and it took a full fifteen years before he made his mark as a symphonist with his first symphony (1876). During what was probably the first meeting of Brahms and Richard Wagner in January 1863, Brahms performed his ""Handel Variations"". Despite the great differences between the two men in musical style and an underlying tension based on musical politics—Brahms championing a more conservative approach to music while Wagner, along with Franz Liszt, called for ""the music of the future"" with new forms and new tonalities—Wagner complimented"
"Brahms’s best choral works along with ""Ein deutsches Requiem"". In fact, Josef Sittard argues in his book on Brahms, ""Had Brahms never written anything but this one work, it would alone have sufficed to rank him with the best masters."" The premiere performance of Schicksalslied was given on 18 October 1871 in Karlsruhe, under the direction of Hermann Levi. One of the shortest of Brahms's major choral works, a typical performance lasts around 15 to 16 minutes. The piece is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, strings, and a"
"Piano Quintet (Brahms) The Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34, by Johannes Brahms was completed during the summer of 1864 and published in 1865. It was dedicated to Her Royal Highness Princess Anna of Hesse. Like most piano quintets composed after Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet (1842), it is written for piano and string quartet (two violins, viola and cello). The work, ""often called the crown of his chamber music,"" began life as a string quintet (completed in 1862 and scored for two violins, viola and two cellos). Brahms transcribed the quintet into a sonata for two pianos (in which"
"whom he so admired. The beautiful tone of “Fräulein Klarinette” (as Brahms would nickname Mühlfeld) inspired him to begin composing again less than a year after he retired. The fruits of their friendship were four remarkable additions to the still modest clarinet repertoire of that time, including the trio in A minor for clarinet, cello and piano Op 114 (1891), the B minor quintet for clarinet and strings, Op. 115 (1891), and two clarinet sonatas. In July 1894, at his Bad Ischl retreat, Brahms completed the sonatas. He wrote to Mühlfeld on August 26, inviting him to Bad Ischl, to"
"Motifs from three of the songs appear in his Violin Sonata No. 2, """"Wie Melodien zieht es mir leise durch den Sinn"""" as the second subject of the first movement, and both """"Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer"""" and """"Auf dem Kirchhofe"""" in the final movement. Fünf Lieder, Op. 105 (Brahms) Fünf Lieder (Five Songs), Op. 105, were composed by Johannes Brahms between 1886 and 1888. He set five poems by different authors, mostly contemporary poets, for a lower voice and piano. Simrock published the work in 1888. Brahms recorded in a pocket diary entry written in Thun, Switzerland, in August"
"such as Brahms and Mahler. His Symphony No. 6 is a programmatic work, featuring instrumental imitations of bird calls and a storm; and, unconventionally, a fifth movement (symphonies usually had at most four movements). His Symphony No. 9 includes parts for vocal soloists and choir in the last movement, making it a choral symphony. Of the symphonies of Franz Schubert, two are core repertory items and are frequently performed. Of the Eighth Symphony (1822), Schubert completed only the first two movements; this highly Romantic work is usually called by its nickname ""The Unfinished."" His last completed symphony, the Ninth (1826)"
"earliest works, Brahms wrote music that prominently featured the viola. Among his first published pieces of chamber music, the sextets for strings Op. 18 and Op. 36 contain what amounts to solo parts for both violas. Late in life he wrote two greatly admired sonatas for clarinet and piano, his Op. 120 (1894): he later transcribed these works for the viola (the solo part in his horn trio is also available in a transcription for viola). Brahms also wrote ""Two Songs for Alto with Viola and Piano"", Op. 91, ""Gestillte Sehnsucht"" (""Satisfied Longing"") and ""Geistliches Wiegenlied"" (""Spiritual Lullaby"") as presents"
"eight symphonies (1917–1974, including his symphony no. 2 ""Grave"", symphony no. 4 ""Johannes Uppenbarelse"", fifth symphony ""Örtagårdsmästaren"" and sixth ""Sinfonia Semplice"") as well as ""Piano Concerto no. 2"" to songs. He wrote a considerable body of work for the theatre (around 50 scores in total), including nine operatic works. He taught composition privately to amongst others Karl-Birger Blomdahl, Ingvar Lidholm, and Daniel Börtz. He opined that ""One creates out of what has been before, out of the experiences of others, as well as those of oneself, out of everything one knows, has read, or been acquainted with"". His violin concerto"
"Inventions and Sinfonias (Bach) The Inventions and Sinfonias, BWV 772–801, also known as the Two- and Three-Part Inventions, are a collection of thirty short keyboard compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750): 15 ""inventions"", which are two-part contrapuntal pieces, and 15 ""sinfonias"", which are three-part contrapuntal pieces. They were originally written as musical exercises for his students. Bach titled the collection: Forthright instruction, wherewith lovers of the clavier, especially those desirous of learning, are shown in a clear way not only 1) to learn to play two voices clearly, but also after further progress 2) to deal correctly and well with"
"the piece, dedicated it to him, and would have liked him to premiere it. The most unusual work written for Joachim was the ""F-A-E Sonata"", a collaboration between Schumann, Brahms, and Albert Dietrich, based upon the initials of Joachim's motto, ""Frei aber Einsam"" (which can be translated as ""free but lonely"", ""free but alone"", or ""free but solitary""). Although the sonata is rarely performed in its entirety, the third movement, the ""Scherzo in C minor"", composed by Brahms, is still frequently played today. Joachim's own compositions are less well known. He gave opus numbers to 14 compositions and composed about"
"String symphonies (Mendelssohn) Felix Mendelssohn wrote twelve string symphonies between 1821 and 1823, when he was between 12 and 14 years old. For his mature symphonies, see here. The string symphonies are written for a string orchestra. String Symphony No. 11 also contains percussion (timpani, triangle, cymbals). Most of the string symphonies were composed in three movements, with the exceptions of nos. 7, 8 and 9, which are in four movements, no. 10 which is in one movement, and no. 11 which is in five movements. Mendelssohn also created an arrangement of this symphony that included wind, brass, and timpani."
"I confess that I would gladly omit even the word German and instead use Human; also with my best knowledge and will I would dispense with passages like . On the other hand, I have chosen one thing or another because I am a musician, because I needed it, and because with my venerable authors I can't delete or dispute anything. But I had better stop before I say too much."" Sheet music Photographs Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into"