Which festival originated in 1810 in celebration of the marriage of the crown prince of Bavaria, who later became King Ludwig I, to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen?
"held every four years in the southern part of the festival grounds. To honour the marriage of Prince Ludwig and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a parade took place for the first time in 1810. Since 1850, the parade has become an annual event and an important component of the Oktoberfest. Eight thousand people—mostly from Bavaria—and dressed in traditional costumes walk from Maximilian Street through the centre of Munich to the Oktoberfest grounds. The march is led by the ""Münchner Kindl"". Since 1850, the statue of Bavaria has watched over the Oktoberfest. This worldly Bavarian patron was first sketched by Leo von"
"Unity Day). Thus, the festival now runs for 17 days when the first Sunday is 2 October and 18 days when it is 1 October. In 2010, the festival lasted until the first Monday in October (4 October), to mark the event's bicentennial. ""Kronprinz"" Ludwig (1786–1868), later King Ludwig I (reign: 1825–1848), married Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen on 12 October 1810. The citizens of Munich were invited to attend the festivities held on the fields in front of the city gates to celebrate the royal event. The fields were named ""Theresienwiese"" (""Theresa's Meadow"") in honour of the Crown Princess, and"
"Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, the wife of Crown Prince Ludwig I. Their wedding took place on ""Theresienwiese"" in 1810. Since then, the ""Oktoberfest"" is celebrated every year to commemorate this event. In addition to the ""Oktoberfest"", a spring festival and a winter festival (""Winter Tollwood"") take place there as well. Every year in April, one of Germany's largest flea markets is also held there. The site is located south west of the city centre. It has its own station on the Munich U-Bahn system, on the U4 and U5 lines and the Poccistraße and Goetheplatz stations can be found near the"
"The ""Oktoberfest"" held on the third weekend in September and the ""Christkindlmarkt"" (Christmas Festival and Bazaar) held on the second Saturday in November. The Delaware Sängerbund Oktoberfest is named after the widely known festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria. There, the first Oktoberfest was celebrated as a wedding festival of the Bavarian crown prince Ludwig on October 12, 1810. In later years, the festival commemorating the wedding grew larger and longer, first in the city, then countrywide. To ensure milder weather for all the outdoor activities, the beginning of the sixteen-day-long celebrations was moved into September, only the last"
"of one of the two separate breweries. In 1972, Hacker and Pschorr merged to form Hacker-Pschorr, but the beers were sold as separate brands well after 1975. When Crown Prince Ludwig I of Bavaria was to celebrate his wedding in Munich in 1810, he decided it was an occasion for all of Bavaria to celebrate. He commissioned Josef Pschorr, then the brewmaster of the Hacker-Pschorr brewery, among other Munich brewers, to develop special brews to commemorate the occasion. Subsequent annual celebrations evolved into the city of Munich’s Oktoberfest, which is attended by over six million people each year, who in"
"which was often concealed in portraits. Ludwig had several extramarital affairs and was one of the lovers of Lady Jane Digby, an aristocratic English adventuress. Another affair was the Italian noblewoman Marianna Marquesa Florenzi. His affair with Lola Montez also caused some scandal. Issue by Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen ( 8 July 1792 – 26 October 1854; married on 12 October 1810 in Theresienwiese, Munich) Ludwig I of Bavaria Ludwig I (also rendered in English as Louis I; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. Born"
"Wimmer, 1950). In honor of the silver wedding anniversary of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Princess Therese, a traditional costume parade took place in 1835 for the first time. In 1895, the Bavarian novelist Maximilian Schmidt organized another parade with 1,400 participants in 150 traditional costume groups. Since 1950, this parade is organized annually and has become one of the highlights of the Oktoberfest and one of the worlds largest parades of its kind. On the first festival Sunday, 8000 participants march in the parade in their historic festival costumes from the Maximilianeum on a seven kilometer stretch to"
"decision to repeat the horse races, spectacle, and celebrations in 1811 launched what is now the annual Oktoberfest tradition. The fairground, once outside the city, was chosen due to its natural suitability. The Sendlinger Hill (today ""Theresienhohe"") was used as a grandstand for 40,000 race spectators. The festival grounds remained undeveloped except for the king's tent. The tastings of ""Traiteurs"" and other wine and beer took place above the visitors in the stands on the hill. Before the race started, a performance was held in homage of the bridegroom and of the royal family in the form of a train"
"Ludwig I of Bavaria Ludwig I (also rendered in English as Louis I; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states. Born in the Hôtel des Deux-Ponts in Strasbourg, he was the son of Count Palatine Maximilian Joseph of Zweibrücken (later Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria) by his first wife Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt. At the time of his birth, his father was an officer in the French army stationed at Strasbourg. He was the godson and namesake of Louis XVI of France. On 1 April"
"Oktoberfest Oktoberfest () is the world's largest Volksfest (beer festival and travelling funfair). Held annually in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, it is a 16- to 18-day folk festival running from mid or late September to the first weekend in October, with more than six million people from around the world attending the event every year. Locally, it is often called the Wiesn, after the colloquial name for the fairgrounds, Theresa's meadows (""Theresienwiese""). The Oktoberfest is an important part of Bavarian culture, having been held since the year 1810. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations that are modeled after"
"Gäubodenvolksfest The Gäubodenvolksfest in Straubing is one of the largest Volksfests (beer festival and travelling funfair) in Bavaria. The Gäubodenvolksfest was founded by Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria in the year 1812 as an agricultural festival to organize an annual meeting of the people in the Danube region. The Gäubodenvolksfest is a modern and family-friendly festival with about 120 carousels, roller coasters and seven large beer tents with 26,400 seats in an area of about 100,000 m². The event has maintained the historic character of Bavarian festivals, and many of the approximately 1.4 million visitors wear traditional Bavarian clothing"
"of Bavaria in the Napoleonic Wars, after which the Oktoberfest grew from year to year. The horse races were accompanied by tree climbing, bowling alleys, and swings and other attractions. In 1818, carnival booths appeared; the main prizes awarded were of silver, porcelain, and jewelry. The city fathers assumed responsibility for festival management in 1819, and it was decided that Oktoberfest become an annual event. Later, it was lengthened and the date pushed forward because days are longer and warmer at the end of September. The horse race continued until 1960, and the agricultural show still exists today and is"
"are featured as well as artistic circus acts and modern dance presentations. Lectures, recitals, cabaret performances, art showings and readings are also part of the program. In 1896 the festival was established as ""Kaiserfestspiele"" (Imperial Festival) by Georg von Hülsen, director of the theater in Wiesbaden. He wanted to create a festival to compare with the successful Bayreuth Festival. A festival in Spring was supposed to coincide with the emperor's regular stay at the spa to create a cultural event. The director also wanted to improve the status of his ""Neues königliches Hoftheater"" (New Royal Court Theatre), which relied mostly"
"a Wittelsbach residence by 1231, and in 1255, when the duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Landshut also became the capital of Lower Bavaria. Duke Henry XVI was the first of the three famous rich dukes who ruled Bayern-Landshut in the 15th century. The wedding of Duke George with the Polish Princess Royal Jadwiga Jagiellon in 1475 was celebrated in Landshut with one of the most splendid festivals of the Middle Ages (called ""Landshuter Hochzeit""). After his death and the Landshut War of Succession, Bavaria-Landshut was reunited with Bavaria-Munich. Louis X, Duke of Bavaria built the Landshut Residence 1537–1543"
"the festival a state event with a new official name from 1980. From 2005 to 2009 it was directed by and the conductor Michael Hofstetter, who initated a series of rarely performed operas, including the premiere of E. T. A. Hoffmann's 1807 singspiel ""Liebe und Eifersucht"" in 2008. has been director from 2009. Ludwigsburg Festival The Ludwigsburg Festival (Ludwigsburger Schlossfestspiele, also Internationale Festspiele Baden-Württemberg) is a culture festival with programs in music, dance, theatre and literature. The festival is held in Ludwigsburg annually between May and July. Founded in 1932, the festival is among the oldest festivals in German-speaking countries."
"is the Barthelmarkt by Manching, which even dates back to Roman times. Other large festivals in Bavaria are Nürnberg Volksfeste in spring and autumn, Fürth Michaeliskirchweih (held since 12th century) and the Bergkirchweih in Erlangen, with the largest open-air beer garden in Europe. Other beer festivals include the Hanover Schützenfest, the Freimarkt in Bremen, the Hamburger Dom, the Stuttgarter Frühlingsfest, the Cranger Funfair, the Düsseldorf Funfair. Like the Oktoberfest and the Cannstatter Volksfest, most German beer festivals are also funfairs. They are called ""Volksfest"" (festival for the people) and are numerous in Germany. An emerging festival located in Berlin boasts"
"the Theresienwiese, in the southwest of the inner city where the Oktoberfest takes place. The statue was commissioned by Ludwig I of Bavaria. Leo von Klenze constructed the Doric building of the ""Ruhmeshalle"" (Hall of Fame) in the background of the Bavaria. The neoclassical Gärtnerplatz Theatre is a ballet and musical state theatre on the left bank of the Isar in the south of the inner city. The modern Gasteig center is situated on the opposite bank of the river, close to the Volksbad, a large public bath built in the art nouveau style. The Deutsches Museum, is located nearby"
"12 administrative districts called ""Landkommissariat"". In 1862 these were designated individually as ""Bezirksamt"". In 1939 each one became a ""Landkreis"" (rural district). As his first provincial governor, King Maximilian selected the Privy Councillor (""Hofrat"") Franz Xaver von Zwack, whose name gave rise to the popular Palatine nickname for Bavarians, ""Zwockel"". In 1832 the ""Rheinkreis"" became the focal point of liberal movements. The Hambach Festival, a large gathering near Neustadt an der Weinstraße, proved fertile ground for what came to be considered a milestone in German history. In 1835, King Ludwig I of Bavaria's romantic outlook gave rise to the adoption"
"König Ludwig Schlossbrauerei The König Ludwig GmbH & Co. KG Schlossbrauerei Kaltenberg is a brewery in Fürstenfeldbruck, Upper Bavaria, Germany. Their slogan, ""Bier von königlicher Hoheit"", or ""Beer of royal highness"", refers to the brewery's heritage which can be traced back through the Kingdom of Bavaria, long associated with beer and brewing. The current proprietor, Prince Luitpold of the House of Wittelsbach, is the great-grandson of the last King of Bavaria, Ludwig III, and by extent a descendant of the original signatories of the 1516 Bavarian Purity Law, and Ludwig I, whose wedding celebration marked the first Oktoberfest. The House"
"Landshut Wedding The Landshut Wedding () is one of the largest historical pageants in Europe. Countless visitors from all over the world have taken part, or have been spectators of the ""Landshuter Hochzeit 1475"", a pageant held in Landshut, Bavaria (Germany). More than 2,000 participants in medieval costumes bring the festival to life to recreate the Late Middle Ages. It commemorates the wedding between Hedwig (also known as Jadvyga Jogailaitė in Lithuanian), the Polish King's and Lithuanian duke daughter, and George, the son of the Duke of Bavaria at Landshut. The original medieval wedding is re-enacted every four years, and"
"Paradeplatz (Königsberg) Paradeplatz (parade square), also known as the Königsgarten (king's garden), was a park in Königsberg, Germany. In 1509 Grand Master Frederick of Saxony established land north of Königsberg Castle and Burgfreiheit and south of Tragheim as a garden; the original garden was larger than the 20th century park. It subsequently became the ducal pleasure garden after the establishment of the Duchy of Prussia in 1525. John Sigismund, heir to Brandenburg, married Anna of Prussia in the garden in 1594. Elector Frederick III honored ""Kanzler"" Georg Friedrich von Creytzen and ""Obermarschall"" von Wallenrodt among its old lime trees in"
"Ludwigsburg Festival The Ludwigsburg Festival (Ludwigsburger Schlossfestspiele, also Internationale Festspiele Baden-Württemberg) is a culture festival with programs in music, dance, theatre and literature. The festival is held in Ludwigsburg annually between May and July. Founded in 1932, the festival is among the oldest festivals in German-speaking countries. Many events are held at the Ludwigsburg Palace. founded the Ludwigsburger Mozartgemeinde in 1931 and a year later began chamber music concerts at the palace. Wolfgang Gönnenwein, who was the artistic director from 1972 to 2004, developed the festival to an event of three months with around 100 events. The state Baden-Württemberg made"
"with a lung inflammation and pleurisy, and died. Princess Hildegard of Bavaria Princess Hildegard of Bavaria (German: ""Hildegard Luise Charlotte Theresia Friederike von Bayern""; 10 June 1825 – 2 April 1864) was the seventh child and fourth daughter of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. On 1 May 1844 in Munich, Hildegard married Archduke Albert of Austria, eldest son of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen and Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg. She thereafter became known as Archduchess Hildegard. She and her husband had 3 children: During her stay in Munich for the funeral of her brother King Maximilian II"
"1795 his father succeeded Ludwig's uncle, Charles II, as duke of Zweibrücken, and on 16 February 1799 became Elector of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Arch-Steward of the Empire, and Duke of Berg on the extinction of the Sulzbach line with the death of the elector Charles Theodore. His father assumed the title of King of Bavaria on 1 January 1806. Starting in 1803 Ludwig studied in Landshut where he was taught by Johann Michael Sailer and in Göttingen. On 12 October 1810 he married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1792–1854), the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The"
"on productions from the Royal theater in Berlin. The first festival was presented from 6 to 19 May 1896, with the German emperor William I and the empress Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in attendance. The posters and programs showed ""Festspiele auf allerhöchsten Befehl!"" (Festival by the very highest order!), referring to the emperor's demand. In the beginning the focus was on the works of Richard Wagner as in Bayreuth, but different from Bayreuth works of other composers were also performed, such as Carl Maria von Weber's ""Oberon"" in 1900. The festival closed for the duration of World War I. In 1928,"
"with music and dancing as in former times. Comedians try to support the atmosphere with their coarse jokes. Landshut Wedding The Landshut Wedding () is one of the largest historical pageants in Europe. Countless visitors from all over the world have taken part, or have been spectators of the ""Landshuter Hochzeit 1475"", a pageant held in Landshut, Bavaria (Germany). More than 2,000 participants in medieval costumes bring the festival to life to recreate the Late Middle Ages. It commemorates the wedding between Hedwig (also known as Jadvyga Jogailaitė in Lithuanian), the Polish King's and Lithuanian duke daughter, and George, the"
"Wartburg Festival The first Wartburg Festival () was a convention of about 500 Protestant German students, held on 18 October 1817 at the Wartburg castle near Eisenach in Thuringia. The former refuge of reformator Martin Luther was considered a national symbol and the assembly a protest against reactionary politics and ""Kleinstaaterei"". After the German ""Wars of Liberation"" against Napoleon and the French occupation, many people were bitter about dreams of German national unity shattered after the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Democratic reforms were stalled, and governments had cracked down on press freedom and rights of association. On 12 June 1815"
"orphans and the poor. She was the object of great sympathy during her husband's infidelity with Lola Montez, which caused him to abdicate in 1848. Therese and Ludwig had nine children: : Sovereign of the Order of Saint Elizabeth Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen Therese Charlotte Luise of Saxony-Hildburghausen (Therese of Bavaria; 8 July 1792 – 26 October 1854) was a queen consort of Bavaria as the wife of Ludwig I, King of Bavaria. Therese was a daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, and Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, eldest daughter of Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. In 1809, she was"
"Hambach Festival The Hambacher Festival was a German national democratic festival celebrated from 27 May to 30 May 1832 at Hambach Castle near Neustadt an der Weinstraße in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The event was disguised as a non-political county fair. It was one of the main public demonstrations in support of German unity, freedom and democracy during the Vormärz era. At the time of the 1815 Congress of Vienna, Hambach Castle with the historic Palatinate region on the west bank of the Rhine was part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. It had however been occupied by French Revolutionary troops during"
"known for the Landshuter Hochzeit (Landshut Wedding), a full-tilt medieval festival. Due to its proximity and easy access to Munich and the Franz Josef Strauss International Airport, Landshut became a powerful and future-oriented investment area. The town is one of the richest industrialized towns in Bavaria and has East Bavaria's lowest unemployment rate. Landshut lies in the centre of Lower Bavaria, and is part of the Alpine foothills. The River Isar runs through the city centre. Landshut is about northeast of Munich. The city of Landshut and Trausnitz castle were founded in 1204 by Duke Louis I. Landshut was already"
"works. The Festival has become a pilgrimage destination for Wagner enthusiasts. The origins of the Festival itself lie rooted in Richard Wagner's interest in establishing his financial independence. A souring of the relationship with his patron, Ludwig II of Bavaria, led to his expulsion from Munich, where he had originally intended to launch the festival. Wagner next considered Nuremberg, which would have reinforced the thematic significance of works such as ""Die Meistersinger"". On the advice of Hans Richter, however, the focus fell upon Bayreuth which enjoyed three distinct advantages. First, the town boasted a splendid venue: the Markgräfliches Opernhaus built"
"everyone gets carried away with medieval jousting, pageantry, feasting and wedding processions for a short period in the summer. The festival is held in memory of the wedding between George of Bavaria, the son of the Bavarian duke, and Hedwig Jagiellon, daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland, in 1475. The wedding was negotiated in 1474 in Kraków through legations. The marriage was important because it was seen as a strong alliance against the Ottoman Turks. At the time, most royal marriages were not entered into because of love, but because of political motivations. It took the bride two"
"and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen approached the Spanish court in search of a wife and Amalia was offered in marriage. When Prince Adalbert arrived in Madrid, Amalia was given a considerable dowry by her sister in law Queen Isabella. The marriage was celebrated on 25 August 1856 in Madrid. Upon her marriage Amalia became a Princess of Bavaria. At her arrival at the Bavarian court her father in law, King Ludwig I of Bavaria, a great admirer of female beauty, was disappointed when he met his new daughter-in-law, plump and plain. Infanta Amalia also shocked the court with her smoking"