Cardinal Richelieu was known as the Red Eminence - by what name was his right hand man, Francois Leclerc du Tremblay known?
"Charles Leclerc du Tremblay was appointed by Richelieu as Governor of the Bastille, instead of captain, changing the status of the military citadel to a royal prison. Under the regency of Anne of Austria the Bastille was besieged once more. On 12 January 1649, after exchanging a few volleys, the fortress fell into the hands of the ""frondeurs"" who conferred command upon Louvière Broussel. Charles Leclerc du Tremblay was the brother of François Leclerc du Tremblay, better known under the name of Father Joseph, the ""Grey Eminence"" of Richelieu. Louviere, or La Louviere, was the son of the Parisian councillor"
"hall of the palace of Cardinal Richelieu, popularly known as the Red Cardinal (""L'Eminence Rouge""), who was France's ""de facto"" ruler under King Louis XIII beginning in 1624. In the painting, François Le Clerc du Trembly, a Capuchin friar dubbed ""L'Eminence Grise"" (the Gray Cardinal), descends the ceremonial staircase immersed in the Bible while subjects either bow before him or fix their gaze on him. As Richelieu's chief adviser, ""L'Eminence Grise"" was called ""the power behind the throne,"" which became the known definition of his title. When he started to protest and show a public hostility to ""decadent fashion"" of"
"Dupes"") show that in fact he very much depended on the king's confidence to keep this power. As alumnus of the University of Paris and headmaster of the College of Sorbonne, he renovated and extended the institution. Richelieu was also famous for his patronage of the arts; most notably, he founded the Académie française, the learned society responsible for matters pertaining to the French language. Richelieu is also known by the sobriquet ""l'Éminence rouge"" (""the Red Eminence""), from the red shade of a cardinal's clerical dress and the style ""eminence"" as a cardinal. As an advocate for Samuel de Champlain"
"Duke of Richelieu Duke of Richelieu was a title of French nobility. It was created on 26 November 1629 for Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu (known as Cardinal Richelieu) who, as a Roman Catholic clergyman, had no issue to pass it down to. It instead passed to his great-nephew, Armand Jean de Vignerot, grandson of his elder sister Françoise du Plessis (1577–1615), who had married René de Vignerot, ""Seigneur de Pontcourlay"" († 1625). Armand Jean de Vignerot added the cardinal's surname of ""du Plessis"" to his own, adopted the cardinal's coat of arms and received the titles of Duke"
"Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (; 9 September 15854 December 1642), commonly referred to as Cardinal Richelieu ( ), was a French clergyman, nobleman, and statesman. He was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and was appointed Foreign Secretary in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin, whose career he had fostered. Cardinal de Richelieu was often known"
"Triple portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu The Triple Portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu is an oil-on-canvas painting by French artist Philippe de Champaigne, completed c.1642. The portrait shows Cardinal de Richelieu from three angles: right profile, face on, and left profile. The painting was made as a study for a bust to be made by an Italian sculptor in Rome. It is now held by the National Gallery, London. Armand-Jean du Plessis (1585–1642) was of noble birth. He became Bishop of Luçon in 1607 aged just 22, and became a cardinal in 1622. He was the chief minister of King"
"Marie Odet Jean Armand de La Chapelle de Saint-Jean de Jumilhac, son of the 7th Duke of Richelieu and of Alice Heine (1858–1925). Alice was widowed in 1880 and remarried to Prince Albert I of Monaco in 1889. Duke of Richelieu Duke of Richelieu was a title of French nobility. It was created on 26 November 1629 for Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu (known as Cardinal Richelieu) who, as a Roman Catholic clergyman, had no issue to pass it down to. It instead passed to his great-nephew, Armand Jean de Vignerot, grandson of his elder sister Françoise du Plessis"
"Jacques de Luxembourg, Seigneur de Richebourg Jacques de Luxembourg, Seigneur de Richebourg (1426 – Nantes, 20 August 1487) was a French noble who served Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and later King Louis XI of France. He was the third son of Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol and Margaret of Baux. Jacques was knighted after the Battle of Gavere on 23 July 1453. In the following years, he served Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy as an army commander. In 1468 he was awarded the Order of the Golden Fleece.<br> When his brother Louis de Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol,"
"Jacques Gaillot Jacques Jean Edmond Georges Gaillot (born 11 September 1935; ; generally known in French as Monseigneur Gaillot) is a French Catholic clergyman and social activist. He was Bishop of Évreux in France from 1982 to 1995. In 1995, by decision of Pope John Paul II, he was demoted to be Titular Bishop of Partenia, an extinct diocese, for having expressed too controversial and heterodox positions on religious, political and social matters. In reason of these views he earned the popular nickname of ""The Red Cleric"". Jacques Gaillot was born in Saint-Dizier, Haute-Marne. As a teenager, he already desired"
"statue stands outside the Luçon cathedral. Richelieu oversaw the construction of his own palace in Paris, the Palais-Cardinal. The palace, renamed the Palais Royal after Richelieu's death, now houses the French Constitutional Council, the Ministry of Culture, and the Conseil d'État. The ""Galerie de l'avant-cour"" had ceiling paintings by the Cardinal's chief portraitist, Philippe de Champaigne, celebrating the major events of the Cardinal's career; the ""Galerie des hommes illustres"" had twenty-six historicizing portraits of great men, larger than life, from Abbot Suger to Louis XIII; some were by Simon Vouet others were careful copies by Philippe de Champaigne from known"
"a religious man, he could hardly regard Dubois as a suitable archbishop, at a time when the ambitious Claudine Guérin de Tencin was universally believed to be his mistress. In one day all the usual orders were conferred upon him, and even the great preacher Massillon consented to take part in the ceremonies. His next aim was the cardinalate, and, after long and most profitable negotiations on the part of Pope Clement XI, the red hat was given to him by Innocent XIII (1721), whose election was largely due to the bribes of Dubois. It is estimated that this cardinalate"
"aspect of his legacy is his involvement with Samuel de Champlain and the fledgling colony along the St. Lawrence River. The retention and promotion of Canada under Richelieu allowed it — and through the settlement's strategic location, the St. Lawrence–Great Lakes gateway into the North American interior — to develop into a French empire in North America, parts of which eventually became modern Canada and Louisiana. As of April 2013, the Internet Movie Database listed ninety-four films and television programs in which Cardinal Richelieu is a character. Richelieu is one of the clergymen most frequently portrayed in film, notably in"
"Richelieu). Before becoming a minister of Louis XIII, Richelieu was the Bishop of Luçon. During his tenure he directed the rebuilding of much of the town after it was destroyed during the French Wars of Religion. This included restoring the magnificent Cathedral of Notre Dame, whose 85-metre spire dominates the countryside for miles. Within the Cathedral can be found a church organ donated by Napoleon III, while a statue of Richelieu stands outside. In the 18th-19th centuries, the town was refurbished in a pseudo-medieval style. Many of the most remarkable buildings, including those in the quartier Bourgneuf, were constructed at"
"French ironclad Richelieu The French ironclad ""Richelieu"" was a wooden-hulled central battery ironclad built for the French Navy in the early 1870s. She was named after the 17th century statesman Cardinal de Richelieu. The ship was the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron for most of her career. ""Richelieu"" caught on fire in Toulon in 1880 and was scuttled to prevent her magazines from exploding. She was salvaged and, after being repaired, resumed her role as flagship. In 1886, however, the ship was placed in and was eventually condemned in 1901. While being towed to the ship breakers in Amsterdam in"
"Moitte in the Pantheon de Paris. Charles Leclerc (general) Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (17 March 1772 – 2 November 1802) was a French Army general who served under Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolution. He was husband to Pauline Bonaparte, sister to Napoleon. In 1801, he was sent to Saint-Domingue (Haiti), where an expeditionary force under his command captured and deported the former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture, as part of an unsuccessful attempt to reassert imperial control over the Saint-Domingue government. Leclerc died of yellow fever during the failed expedition. Leclerc started his military career in 1791 during the French Revolution"
"Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu Armand-Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (25 September 176617 May 1822), was a prominent French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration. He was known by the courtesy title of Count of Chinon until 1788, then Duke of Fronsac until 1791, when he succeeded his father as Duke of Richelieu. As a royalist, during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, he served as a ranking officer in the Russian Imperial Army, achieving the grade of major general. Following the Bourbon Restoration, he returned to his homeland"
"Louis XIII from 1624, and he was created duc de Richelieu in 1629. Phillipe de Champaigne was a leading French artist, and was a founding member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture in 1648. Richelieu was a considerable patron of the arts, and Champaigne painted him many times. The grey-haired cardinal, aged nearly 60, wears a scarlet liturgical skullcap and cape (possibly a zucchetto and mozzetta). Under the broad collar of a white shirt, tied at the neck with a trailing string, he wears the characteristic blue ribbon of the Order of the Holy Spirit (the origin of"
"to Action, primarily because they believe that the moral and juridical positions of the organization run counter to the teachings of the Catholic Church. Some, however, have given public support. At the 1995 Call to Action conference, for example, the former Bishop of Évreux now titular bishop of Partenia, Jacques Gaillot, popularly nicknamed ""The Red Cleric""; the auxiliary Bishop of Detroit Thomas Gumbleton, and theologian Hans Küng (whose authority to teach theology in a Catholic institution was rescinded), were among the featured speakers. Other theologians, such as Charles Curran and Benedictine Sister Joan Chittister are also supporters of the organization."
"the cloisters. According to John Strype, he wrote (1571) 'a book in Latin' defending Mary's rights. His discussion with Benetrius is said to have been printed. By his first wife he had issue Armand Claude, who was wounded at Pavia, and died on his way to Scotland; George, who died in the college of Beauvais; and two daughters who died young. C. A. Gordon, who gives a somewhat questionable pedigree of the descendants of Armand Claude, says that he had his first name from Cardinal Richelieu, his godfather; if so, he must have received catholic baptism rather late in life."
"name situated on ""Rue Saint-Honoré"", which belonged to the d'Angennes family who sold it in December 1602, and on which site Cardinal Richelieu began building his Palais-Cardinal in 1624.) Members of her salon, received in the intimacy of her ""Chambre Bleue"", admitted to the ""ruelle""—the space between her daybed and the wall of the alcove— represented the flower of contemporary French literature, fashion, and wit, including Madame de Sévigné, Madame de La Fayette, Mademoiselle de Scudéry, the Duchesse de Longueville, the Duchesse de Montpensier, Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, Bossuet, Jean Chapelain, Corneille, François de Malherbe, Racan, Richelieu, La Rochefoucauld, Paul"
"Richard Olivier de Longueil Richard Olivier de Longueil (1406–1470) (called the Cardinal of Coutances or the Cardinal of Eu) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Richard Olivier de Longueil was born in Lisieux on December 18, 1406, the son of Guillaume III de Longueil, ""sieur"" of Eu, and his second wife, Catherine de Bourguenole. His family was an old noble family from Normandy. After receiving a licentiate in law, Longueil became a protonotary apostolic. He went on to become president of the ""Chambre des comptes"" and cantor of Lisieux Cathedral. He became a canon of Rouen Cathedral and"
"11, 1450 and received the red hat on December 12, 1450. He died in Rome on September 21, 1451. He is buried in St. Peter's Basilica. Louis de La Palud Louis de La Palud ( 1375 – 1451) (called the Cardinal of Varambon or the Cardinal of Maurienne) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal. Louis de La Palud was born in Châtillon-la-Palud sometime between 1370 and 1380. He was the son of Aymé de La Palud, ""seigneur"" of Varambon, and Alix de Corgenon. He studied at the ""Collège de Sorbonne"", receiving a doctorate. He then entered the Order"
"the Battle of the Somme. In early 1917, he led his division in the Champagne region and threw back the Germans back to its lines before the Chemin des Dames attack. He was to take command of an infantry corps in Italy but was called in early November 1917 to become the military chief of staff in Clemenceau's second government in what was to be nicknamed the ""Ministère de la Victoire"". He proved himself essential to the reorganisation of the French command and was Clemenceau's influential right-hand man from 1917 to 1920, thus participating extensively in the Allied victory in"
"""La Presse"" from 1932 to 1955 and president of the newspaper ""La Patrie"" from 1933 to 1955. He was also president of the Canadian Printing and Lithographing Co Ltd and of Provident Adjustment and Investing and was also a director of the Canadian Forestry Association. He was created a chevalier of France's Légion d'honneur in 1925 and was awarded the gold medal of the Académie française in 1930. Pamphile Réal Du Tremblay Pamphile Réal Blaise Nugent Du Tremblay (March 5, 1879 – October 6, 1955) was a Quebec lawyer, businessman and politician. Du Tremblay was born in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade, Quebec and"
"vein as the Cardinal, he enacted policies that further suppressed the once-mighty aristocracy, and utterly destroyed all remnants of Huguenot political power with the Edict of Fontainebleau. Moreover, Louis took advantage of his nation's success during the Thirty Years' War to establish French hegemony in continental Europe. Thus, Richelieu's policies were the requisite prelude to Louis XIV becoming the most powerful monarch, and France the most powerful nation, in all of Europe during the late seventeenth century. Richelieu is also notable for the authoritarian measures he employed to maintain power. He censored the press, established a large network of internal"
"soldiers as regular POWs. The French 2nd Armored Division (), was commanded by General Philippe Leclerc, one of the best French tank commanders. General Leclerc joined the Free French forces after the fall of France and adopted the Resistance pseudonym ""Jacques-Philippe Leclerc"". Charles de Gaulle upon meeting him promoted him from Captain to Major (""commandant"") and ordered him to French Equatorial Africa as governor of French Cameroon from 29 August 1940 to 12 November 1940. He commanded the column which attacked Axis forces from Chad, and, having marched his troops across West Africa, distinguished himself in Tunisia. The French 2nd"
"should serve, not merely his family but to be open at fixed hours to scholars; the manuscripts alone numbered some 900, bound as codices in red Morocco with the cardinal's arms. The library was transferred to the Sorbonne in 1660. He funded the literary careers of many writers. He was a lover of the theatre, which was not considered a respectable art form during that era; a private theatre was a feature of the Palais-Cardinal. Among the individuals he patronized was the famous playwright Pierre Corneille. Richelieu was also the founder and patron of the Académie française, the pre-eminent French"
"line, ""The pen is mightier than the sword."" The play was adapted into the 1935 film ""Cardinal Richelieu"". In the 1969 episode ""How to Recognise Different Types of Trees From Quite a Long Way Away"" from Monty Python's Flying Circus there is the sketch ""Court Scene with Cardinal Richelieu"" where Michael Palin in his likeness is seen to be doing wildly absurd acts. Many sites and landmarks were named to honor Cardinal Richelieu. They include: There is also an ornate style of lace, Richelieu lace, named in honor of the cardinal. Cardinal Richelieu Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis, 1st Duke"
"was unwise enough to link himself to cardinal Richelieu's enemies. His guilty deed between Anne of Austria and Marie de Rohan was pardoned, but he fell in the conspiracy between Spain and Cinq-Mars, a favorite of king Louis XIII. For not revealing what he knew of the conspiracy, his silence was taken as proof of guilt and he was beheaded at Lyon on the same day as Cinq-Mars on Richelieu's orders. He was a manuscript collector; his collection included the Greek minuscule manuscript known as Minuscule 601 (Gregory-Aland). A famous 19th century historical painting by Paul Delaroche shows Cardinal Richelieu"
"red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the ""Red Pope"" in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia, but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where Protestants or Eastern Christianity was dominant. Some remnants of this situation remain, with the result that, for instance, New Zealand is still in the care of this Congregation. Since the papacy of Heraclas in the 3rd century, the Bishop of Alexandria"
"She was under tow in the Bay of Biscay, having left the Mediterranean for the first time in her existence, when a storm caused the tugboat to cast her loose. The ship remained afloat, however, and was subsequently recovered near the Scilly Isles and towed to Amsterdam where she was broken up. French ironclad Richelieu The French ironclad ""Richelieu"" was a wooden-hulled central battery ironclad built for the French Navy in the early 1870s. She was named after the 17th century statesman Cardinal de Richelieu. The ship was the flagship of the Mediterranean Squadron for most of her career. ""Richelieu"""
"Jean-Gaston Tremblay Jean-Gaston Tremblay (September 8, 1928 – December 31, 2011) was a traditionalist Catholic religious leader and self-proclaimed pope, with the name Gregory XVII. Tremblay was born on September 8, 1928 in Rimouski, Quebec. His father was a lumberjack. Raised as a Catholic, he moved to Montreal at 16, where he joined the Brothers of St. John of God. In 1952 he received permission to form his own community, which he called the Congregation of Jesus and Mary. The community moved from town to town for years, before settling in St. Jovite, in Mont-Tremblant, Quebec, in 1958. In 1961,"
"He died, of a stroke, on 17 May 1822. Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu Armand-Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac (25 September 176617 May 1822), was a prominent French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration. He was known by the courtesy title of Count of Chinon until 1788, then Duke of Fronsac until 1791, when he succeeded his father as Duke of Richelieu. As a royalist, during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, he served as a ranking officer in the Russian Imperial Army, achieving the grade of major general."