Who commanded the 'USS Bonhomme Richard' which sank after the 'Battle of Flamborough Head' in 1779?
"in his honor. Richard Dale Richard Dale (November 6, 1756 – February 26, 1826) was an American naval officer who fought in the Continental Navy under John Barry and was first lieutenant for John Paul Jones during the naval battle off of Flamborough Head, England against in the celebrated engagement of September 23, 1779. He became one of the six original commodores of the permanent United States Navy, and commanded a blockade of Tripoli in 1801 during the First Barbary War of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. Richard Dale was born in Portsmouth parish, Norfolk County, Virginia, the eldest son of Winfield"
"the war to end. On September 23, 1779, ""Bonhomme Richard"" met HMS ""Serapis"" off the coast of Flamborough Head, near Yorkshire. Described as being somewhat reckless in his bravery, Dale commanded the forward guns in the close fighting of the battle. When rumors that ""Bonhomme Richard"" was sinking reached him from below decks, and that the crew was prepared to surrender, Dale went to ascertain the damage. Upon his assessment that the ship would not yet sink, he inspired the crew to persist in the fight. He compelled his British prisoners to man the pumps to keep the ship afloat"
"but the French did manage to uphold the plan regarding his command of the naval squadron. Sailing in a clockwise fashion around Ireland and down the east coast of Britain, the squadron captured a number of merchantmen. French commander Landais decided early on in the expedition to retain control of the French ships, thereby often leaving and rejoining the effort when he felt that it was fortuitous. On September 23, 1779, Jones' squadron was off Flamborough Head when the British man-of-war and HM hired ship ""Countess of Scarborough"" bore down on the Franco-American force. The lone Continental frigate ""Bonhomme Richard"""
"board ""Serapis"" was repulsed, as was an attempt by the British to board ""Bonhomme Richard"". Finally, after another of Jones's ships joined the fight, the British captain was forced to surrender at about 10:30 p.m. ""Bonhomme Richard"" – shattered, on fire, leaking badly – defied all efforts to save her and sank about 36 hours later at 11:00 a.m. on 25 September 1779. Jones sailed the captured ""Serapis"" to the Dutch United Provinces for repairs. Though ""Bonhomme Richard"" sank after the battle, the battle's outcome was one of the factors that convinced the French crown to back the colonies in"
"included in a prisoner exchange. He was marched to Gosport, then taken by cartel to Nantes, France. From there, he traveled to L'Orient, where, under the command of John Paul Jones, he agreed to serve as midshipman and private secretary aboard ""Bonhomme Richard"" On August 14, 1779, ""Bonhomme Richard"" set sail, and over the next month captured or destroyed at least 29 enemy vessels. On September 23, ""Bonhomme Richard"" famously fought the British frigate ""Serapis"". During this engagement, Fanning served as captain of the main top. Most of his original group of men were killed, but he took a fresh"
"17 June 1775, his sailors again helped ferry troops, this time to the Charlestown Peninsula, while several of his ships provided fire support for the pyrrhic victory at Bunker Hill. During the Siege of Boston, Admiral Graves, on 6 October 1775, ordered Lieutenant Henry Mowatt, commanding the armed vessel , to destroy seaports that were supporting the rebellion. Mowatt burned Falmouth (today’s Portland, Maine) on 18 October. On 27 January 1776, Vice Admiral Richard Howe succeeded Graves as commander-in-chief of the North American station. Graves returned to England without a command. In September 1777 he declined command of Plymouth, but"
"attorney John Wickham. Three ships in the United States Navy have been named USS ""Fanning"" for him. Nathaniel Fanning Nathaniel Fanning (31 May 1755 – 30 September 1805) was an officer in the Continental Navy and later the United States Navy, who served aboard ""Bonhomme Richard"" during its 1779 battle with HMS ""Serapis"". Fanning was born in Stonington, Connecticut, and was the eldest son of Gilbert Fanning and Huldah Palmer. His father was a sea merchant who was one of the largest provisioners of General George Washington's army during the American Revolution. On May 26, 1778, Fanning embarked from Boston,"
"of Jones, but on this occasion, he continued right around the north of Scotland into the North Sea, creating near-panic all along Britain's east coast as far south as the Humber estuary. Jones's main problems, as on his previous voyage, resulted from insubordination, particularly by Pierre Landais, captain of ""Alliance"". On September 23, 1779, the squadron met a large merchant convoy off the coast of Flamborough Head, East Yorkshire. The 50-gun British frigate and the 22-gun hired ship ""Countess of Scarborough"" placed themselves between the convoy and Jones's squadron, allowing the merchants to escape. Shortly after 7 p.m. the Battle"
"their fight to become independent of British authority. ""Bonhomme Richard""'s final resting location was the subject of much speculation. A number of unsuccessful efforts had been conducted to locate the wreck. The location was presumed to be in approximately of water off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, a headland near where her final battle took place. The quantity of other wrecks in the area and a century of fishing trawler operations had complicated all searches. One season's attempts to locate and retrieve the ship, or some artifacts from her, using USNS ""Grasp"" were filmed for the Discovery Channel's ""Mighty Ships"" series in"
"Vengeance,"" and ""Cerf"" with troop transports and merchant vessels under convoy to Bordeaux and to cruise against the British in the Bay of Biscay. Forced to return to port for repair, the squadron sailed again 14 August 1779. It went northwest around the west coast of the British Isles into the North Sea and then down the east coast. The squadron took 16 merchant vessels as prizes. On 23 September 1779, the squadron encountered the Baltic Fleet of 41 sail under convoy of and HM hired armed vessel near Flamborough Head. ""Bonhomme Richard"" and ""Serapis"" entered a bitter engagement at"
"begin the evacuation of ""Bonhomme Richard""’s crew. One or two of these boats went missing during the night, as ex-captive British crewmen took the opportunity to go home (hence the eyewitness newspaper stories). The combatants, although they probably cared little, had been observed by thousands of onlookers, for on that clear night, with a near-full moon, the action could be seen from a long stretch of the high Yorkshire coastline, from Scarborough in the north to Flamborough Head itself in the south. There is no record of final casualty figures aboard the two main combatants. Captain Pearson, in a postscript"
"Nathaniel Fanning Nathaniel Fanning (31 May 1755 – 30 September 1805) was an officer in the Continental Navy and later the United States Navy, who served aboard ""Bonhomme Richard"" during its 1779 battle with HMS ""Serapis"". Fanning was born in Stonington, Connecticut, and was the eldest son of Gilbert Fanning and Huldah Palmer. His father was a sea merchant who was one of the largest provisioners of General George Washington's army during the American Revolution. On May 26, 1778, Fanning embarked from Boston, Massachusetts, aboard the brig ""Angelica"" as a prizemaster under the command of Captain William Denison in a"
"the United States Navy were named USS ""Mayrant"" for him. John Mayrant Captain John Mayrant (December 1762 – August 1836) was an officer in the Continental Navy and later the United States Navy, who served aboard the ""Bon Homme Richard"" in its 1779 battle with the ""Serapis"". Born in the parish of St. James Santee, South Carolina, Mayrant was appointed midshipman in the South Carolina Navy May 23, 1778. The following year, in France, he was appointed midshipman and aide to John Paul Jones. Sailing from Lorient in ""Bon Homme Richard"", he led the boarders in the engagement with ""Serapis"","
"Richard Pearson (Royal Navy officer) Sir Richard Pearson (1731–1806) was a British naval officer who was captain of the ship HMS ""Serapis"" during the American Revolution. As a lieutenant in the East Indies he did well during the Seven Years' War, where he was severely wounded. He was subsequently unable to obtain a commission because his senior officers twice died before they could fulfil their promises. He finally obtained post rank as a captain in 1773. In 1779, in command of the ""Serapis"", 44 guns, and escorting a large convoy from the Baltic, he was attacked off Flamborough Head by"
"were drowned including Admiral Robert Carthew Reynolds. The next day, Christmas Day 1811, HMS ""Hero"" was also driven ashore, onto the Haak Sands off the Texel. Weather conditions were so severe that no boats could be launched and no rescue attempted and as a result only 12 men from a crew of several hundred reached safety. Newman-Newman was not among them. James Newman-Newman Captain James Newman-Newman (1767–1811) of the British Royal Navy was an officer who served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars who served in numerous actions with distinction before his death in the wreck of his ship"
"Jean-Amable Humbert, who was commanding the soldiers aboard, narrowly escaped drowning, and between 250 and 390 men died in the wreck. Captain Lacrosse was last to leave the ship. In 1840, Major Pipon, an English officer who had been a prisoner aboard, erected an inscribed menhir on the coast in remembrance of the tragedy. In 1876 it was broken into several pieces by the weather, but restored in 1882. French ship Droits de l'Homme (1794) Droits de l'Homme () was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars. Launched in 1794, the ship"
"from Florida. She came within sight of the Spanish fleet in St Simons harbour on 13 July, accompanied by her sister ship ""Hawk"" and the ageing 24-gun post-ship . However, ""Flamborough""s captain Joseph Hamar refused to engage the larger Spanish fleet, and all three British vessels promptly returned to Charlestown. Their appearance unnerved the Spanish, who abandoned their assault and retreated first to Jekyll Island and then back to Florida. After three years service off North Carolina she was recommissioned in June 1744 for patrol and convoy escort in the North Sea under Commander Peter Denis. In February 1745 Denis"
"1755, during the Seven Years' War. ""Ramillies"" was part of a squadron commanded by William's brother, Commodore Francis Holburne. William took command of the 74-gun in 1755, and Francis shifted his pennant to her. William Holburne took command of the 80-gun , which formed part of the expedition to Louisbourg under his brother in 1757. He went to the Mediterranean in 1759, and served as part of Admiral Sir Edward Boscawen's fleet at the Battle of Lagos. During the battle Boscawen's flagship, was badly damaged and un-manoeuvrable. Boscawen therefore shifted his flag to Holburne's ""Newark"". Holburne did not command any"
"John Mayrant Captain John Mayrant (December 1762 – August 1836) was an officer in the Continental Navy and later the United States Navy, who served aboard the ""Bon Homme Richard"" in its 1779 battle with the ""Serapis"". Born in the parish of St. James Santee, South Carolina, Mayrant was appointed midshipman in the South Carolina Navy May 23, 1778. The following year, in France, he was appointed midshipman and aide to John Paul Jones. Sailing from Lorient in ""Bon Homme Richard"", he led the boarders in the engagement with ""Serapis"", September 23, 1779. He died in Tennessee. Two ships in"
"with the fleet under Lord Howe. He took command of the 64-gun in 1779, serving under John Byron at the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779 against the Comte d'Estaing. ""Monmouth"" was heavily engaged in the battle, opposing the French van in order to prevent the capture of several British transports. Her total casualties from the battle amounted to 25 men killed and 28 wounded. Fanshawe's next command, early in 1780, was the 74-gun . ""Egmont"" was caught in the Great Hurricane of 1780, which caused significant destruction to islands and shipping in the West Indies. Fanshawe's ship survived,"
"ignored the order and sailed off to one side, forcing ""Countess of Scarborough"" to do likewise. In the ensuing four-hour Battle of Flamborough Head off England's Yorkshire coast, Landais, after briefly engaging the ""Countess"" took little part in the action. On the way to check up on the duel which developed between the ""Countess"" and the ""Pallas"", Landais fired a broadside at ""Serapis"", which was by then immobile, and lashed firmly alongside ""Bonhomme Richard""- as a result both ships were damaged. Some time later, with ""Bonhomme Richard"" losing its duel, ""Alliance"" returned to the main battle, and Jones happily ""..."
"which killed many British. Captain Alexander Graeme reported the loss of his master's mate and six men on longboats from the ""Kingfisher"". The British later captured him and held him in prison for some time. After his release in 1780, while returning from New Providence, ""his mind became disordered"" and ""he leaped overboard in a fit on insanity, and was drowned"". For many years, his daughter sought compensation from the Committee on Revolutionary Claims for his losses during the battle. Congress provided for a payment of $5,000, if funds were available, in 1858. Hugh Montgomery (sea captain) Hugh Montgomery was"
"in a cyclone and the admiral and all others on board perished. Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet (c. 1758 – 1 February 1807) was a Royal Navy officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Sadras in February 1782 during the American Revolutionary War and the Battle of Trincomalee in September 1782 during the Anglo-French War. He commanded the third-rate ""Culloden"" at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in February 1797 during the French Revolutionary Wars. He went on to be First Naval Lord and then served as Commander-in-Chief,"
"his flag-captain Humphrey Fleming Senhouse ashore with a landing party to raise the Union Flag, and claim the island for Britain under the name ""Graham Island"", after the First Lord of the Admiralty, Sir James Graham. Later the Sicilians also landed, hoisted a flag, and claimed the island under the name ""Ferdinandea"", after King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies. The French made a claim to the island under the name ""Julia"", as did the Spanish. Diplomatic arguments continued until December 1831, by which time the island had been washed away leaving only a seamount below the waves. Hotham died"
"the Battle of Monmouth. In August 1778, the Stockbridge Militia was stationed at an outpost, in what is now Yonkers, New York. They were attached to a newly formed Light Infantry Corps commanded by Col. Mordecai Gist of Maryland. Their opposition came mainly from the Queen's Rangers, a unit descended from Rogers' Rangers, in which many Stockbridge had served during the French and Indian War. Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe led the British attack; although he was wounded, along with several others, the skirmish was a decisive British victory. After the fighting, Hessian captain Johann Von Ewald sketched a Stockbridge"
"few months before the Battle of Halifax, in December 1779 the schooner Hope wrecked near the Sambro Island Light on the Three Sisters Rocks. Captain Henry Baldwin and six other crew were killed. Weeks later, 170 British sailors were lost when two vessels - the North and St. Helena - were wrecked in a storm when entering Halifax harbour. Just off Sambro Island Light, the American privateer Viper (22 guns, 130 men), under the command of William Williams took the British Brig ""Resolution"" (16 guns) under the command of Captain Thomas Ross of Halifax. In the ""hot engagement"" for 90"
"causing a severe food shortage on the island until the departure of ""Nautilus"" in October. After France's entry into the war in 1778, Sir Henry Clinton refortified and garrisoned the island under the command of Major William Sutherland. As a result, 91 French and American ships were captured in the winter of 1778–1779, bringing the population once again to the brink of starvation. Bermudian trade was severely hampered by the combination of the Royal Navy, the British garrison and loyalist privateers, such that famine struck the island in 1779. The death of George Bruere in 1780, turned the governorship over"
"USS Effingham (1777) Effingham, a 32-gun frigate of the Continental Navy named after The 3rd Earl of Effingham, was built at Philadelphia in 1776 and 1777, and Captain John Barry was ordered to command her. When the British took possession of Philadelphia in September 1777, Barry was ordered to take the uncompleted ship up the Delaware River to a place of safety. On 25 October general George Washington asked for the crew of ""Effingham"" for use in the fleet, and two days later the ship was ordered sunk or burned. ""Effingham"" was sunk on 2 November just below Bordentown, New"
"in September 1742. Promoted to post-captain on 12 September 1747, he received his first command, the sixth-rate HMS ""Aldborough"". He went on to become commanding officer of the sixth-rate HMS ""Seahorse"" in 1756 and of the fourth-rate HMS ""Norwich"" in 1757 in which he served under Admiral Rodney at the capture of Martinique in 1762 during the Seven Years' War. After that he became commanding officer of the third-rate HMS ""Devonshire"" in 1760. In the American Revolutionary War of 1775 to 1783, Admiral Keppel's resignation during the crisis following the Battle of Ushant in 1778 left a vacancy for command"
"of the 74-gun third rate HMS ""Captain"". He took her off the west coast of France, at times operating as part of a squadron, and at other times alone. On 5 November 1800 he came to the assistance of the stranded and sinking HMS ""Marlborough"", which had struck a ledge of rocks near Isle Grouat during the previous night's gale. ""Captain""’s boats were pushed through the surf and were able to take off ""Marlborough""’s officers and crew. Later that month, on 17 November, ""Captain"" chased a French convoy through the Teignouse Passage between Quiberon and the Ile de Houat, and"
"she sailed for Newfoundland in May 1779. She was part of the attack on Saint Pierre and Miquelon on 14 September 1778, and later that month Parry was succeeded by Captain Thomas Davey, serving with Molyneux Shuldham’s squadron. In April 1779 she came under the command of Captain William Swiney, by now serving as the flagship of Vice-Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot, and after some time in home waters she sailed again for North America in May 1779. Captain Smith Child took over command of ""Europe"" in August 1780, and she participated in the battles of Cape Henry on 16 March and"
"the British ship ""Hannah"" was valued at £80,000. After the war, he engaged in trade with the West Indies, and also dabbled in the slave trade. He died in 1796 in the West Indies, apparently of a tropical disease. Dudley Saltonstall Dudley Saltonstall (1738–1796) was an American naval commander during the American Revolutionary War. He is best known as the commander of the naval forces of the 1779 Penobscot Expedition, which ended in complete disaster, with all ships lost. Norton (2003) argues the Penobscot Expedition was a total failure due to poor planning, inadequate training, and timid leadership on the"
"Dudley Saltonstall Dudley Saltonstall (1738–1796) was an American naval commander during the American Revolutionary War. He is best known as the commander of the naval forces of the 1779 Penobscot Expedition, which ended in complete disaster, with all ships lost. Norton (2003) argues the Penobscot Expedition was a total failure due to poor planning, inadequate training, and timid leadership on the part of Saltonstall. Dudley Saltonstall was born in 1738 to Gurdon Saltonstall Jr and Mary Winthrop. Both sides of his family were prominent in British colonial politics; his great-grandfather on his father's side was Sir Richard Saltonstall, and his"