In the fall of 2013, The New England Journal of Medicine reported on a certain 'Mississippi Baby' whose case was thought of as a landmark event in medical history. The conclusions made about her were reversed in July 2014. She was in the news for what reason?
"Mississippi baby The Mississippi baby (born 2010) is a Mississippi girl who in 2013 was thought to have been cured of HIV. She had contracted HIV at birth from her HIV-positive mother. Thirty hours after the baby was born, she was treated with intense antiretroviral therapy. When the baby was about 18 months old, the mother did not bring the child in for scheduled examinations for the next five months. When the mother returned with the child, doctors expected to find high levels of HIV, but instead the HIV levels were undetectable. The Mississippi baby was thought to be the"
"NPR that he did not think that this aspect of the proposed study would pass ""ethical muster"". As a result of the re-occurrence of the virus in the Mississippi baby, researchers are now asking whether fragments of the virus, which were still detectable, managed to recombine into a whole virus, or whether the virus managed to hide somewhere in the body that rendered it undetectable in testing. One hypothesis had been that babies might be born without viral reservoirs in which the virus could hide. Anthony Fauci told ""USA Today"" that it had long been hypothesized that a cure for"
"only other person, after the ""Berlin patient,"" to have been cured of HIV. As a result, the National Institutes of Health planned to conduct a worldwide study on aggressive antiretroviral treatment of newborn infants of mothers with HIV infections. It was thought that aggressive antiretroviral therapy on newborn infants might be a cure for HIV. On July 10, 2014, however, it was reported that the child was found to be infected with HIV. Whether the worldwide study planned by the National Institutes of Health will be conducted remains uncertain. In 2010, the ""Mississippi baby"" was a girl born by spontaneous"
"the Supreme Court of Mississippi on several bases. The courts reversed and remanded her convictions on August 26, 1992. The court said that the prosecution had failed to prove that the incident was anything more than an accident. In 1995, Sabrina Butler's case went to retrial. By this time, more evidence emerged about how Sabrina did not murder her son. At the trial, one of Sabrina's neighbors had come forward with evidence that corroborated her account: that the injuries to her son occurred during the course of an unsuccessful attempt to administer CPR. In addition, the medical examiner changed his"
"U.S. and the baby is from Mississippi, U.S. The baby—known as the ""Mississippi baby""—was considered to be the first child to be ""functionally cured"" of HIV. However, HIV re-emerged in the child as of July 2014. Initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis with the use of antiretroviral drugs is dependent on a number of risk factors, though treatment is usually started after one high-risk event. In order to determine whether post-exposure prophylaxis is indicated, an evaluation visit will be conducted to consider risk factors associated with developing HIV. Assessments at this visit will include whether the at-risk person or the potential source-person"
"triad of injuries"": subdural haemorrhage, retinal bleeding and encephalopathy due to hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) found in suspected SBS. On January 31, 2008, the Wisconsin Court of Appeals granted Audrey A. Edmunds a new trial based on ""competing credible medical opinions in determining whether there is a reasonable doubt as to Edmunds's guilt."" Specifically, the appeals court found that ""Edmunds presented evidence that was not discovered until after her conviction, in the form of expert medical testimony, that a significant and legitimate debate in the medical community has developed in the past ten years over whether infants can be fatally"
"the expert. McCarthy was put in custody without bail following her arraignment and prior to trial. While investigating the case, prosecutors sought the opinion of Dr. Alex Levin, an eye specialist, on whether the injuries to the baby's eyes indicated abuse. In a series of phone calls starting in August 2013, Levin expressed hesitation about coming to that conclusion. He told prosecutors that his findings raised the possibility that the baby's injuries might have been caused by something other than abuse — an immune disorder called Job Syndrome — according to a court document. In spite of the fact that"
"fatal. A stranger who read the news suggested that she try an experimental treatment: saline injections into her uterus that would enable the baby to develop without kidneys. She tried several hospitals, but none returned her calls. Finally a doctor at Johns Hopkins agreed to try. The results were instantaneous. For four weeks, she drove every morning to Baltimore for injections. She is only the ninth woman in history to give birth while serving in the United States Congress. On July 29, 2013, it was announced that the baby had been born two weeks earlier, at 28 weeks' gestation. The"
"contended, ""the issue here is really about how we designed this system to try to make it fair for everyone waiting for lungs. There are ways of working through this that don't involve breaking the rules."" This controversy came to a head on July 24, 2013, when a perspective piece was published in ""The New England Journal of Medicine"" regarding the debate over under-12 allocation rules. The piece, written by Karen Ladin and Douglas Hanto, noted that ""...as a treatment for cystic fibrosis (the most common diagnosis among pediatric candidates for lung transplants), transplantation has been shown in several retrospective"
"of her training contract the following year in order to pursue a career as a ballroom and Latin dance teacher in Chester. In 2007, Woodward was named the ""most notorious criminal convicted in Massachusetts"" by Boston law magazine ""Exhibit A"". The conviction had a side effect on defeating legislation in Massachusetts to restore capital punishment. Patrick Barnes, a pediatric radiologist at Stanford University, was a key prosecution witness in the trial, but in 2011, said he would not give the same testimony today. He said there had been a revolution in the understanding of head injuries in the past decade,"
"runs the National Center for Child Death Review Policy and Practice, worries that such caution has led to a growing number of cases of child abuse in which the abuser is not punished. In March 2016, Waney Squier, a paediatric neuropathologist who has served as an expert witness in many shaken baby trials, was struck off the medical register for misconduct. Shortly after her conviction, Dr. Squier was given the ""champion of justice"" award by the International Innocence Network for her efforts to free those wrongfully convicted of shaken baby syndrome. Squier denied the allegations and appealed the decision to"
"had written in 2001 that ""feminizing genitoplasty on an infant who might eventually identify herself as a boy would be catastrophic"". The defendants sought to dismiss the case and seek a defense of qualified immunity, but these were denied by the District Court for the District of South Carolina. In January 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed this decision and dismissed the complaint, stating that, ""it did not “mean to diminish the severe harm that M.C. claims to have suffered” but that a reasonable official in 2006 did not have fair warning from then-existing precedent that"
"election. Under Ryan's tenure as Middlesex County District Attorney, the Office has twice been accused of withholding exculpatory evidence (evidence that might raise doubt about the accused's guilt) resulting in dropped charges after the information was eventually released. One example stems from a ""shaken-baby"" homicide case where Aisling Brady McCarthy was accused of killing the one-year-old for whom she had been caring. She was charged after one prosecution medical expert initially concluded that the one-year-old had suffered injuries, including severe bleeding in the back of the eyes, which indicated abusive head trauma, also known as shaken baby syndrome, according to"
"Death of Marlise Muñoz Marlise Nicole Muñoz (August 20, 1980 – November 28, 2013) was an American woman at the center of a medical ethics controversy between November 2013 and January 2014. She suffered a suspected pulmonary embolism and was declared brain dead. Because she was pregnant, doctors at a Texas hospital kept her body on a ventilator in the intensive care unit despite the determination of brain death. Muñoz's husband entered a legal battle to have her removed from organ support. A Texas law restricts the application of advance directives in pregnant patients, but Muñoz's husband argued that the"
"Tennessee ""to be incompetent to define and address such keystone/central institutions such as marriage, and, thereby, at minimum, contested divorces"" and said that he would wait for further instruction from the Supreme Court. In 2014, two women, Krista and Jami Contreras, met with a pediatrician in Detroit shortly before the birth of their child. When the child was six days old, they arrived for their appointment and were told that the doctor had ""prayed on it"" and decided she could not provide care for the child. A different doctor had been assigned to the family. The original doctor later wrote"
"Ashley's story first broke in October 2006, in the ""Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"". In January 2007, her parents, who wish to remain anonymous, set up a blog to explain their reasoning for their decision and to share their story with families of other children who might benefit. The parents state that they sought such treatment for the best interests of their daughter, namely, to enable them to personally continue constant care for her at home; to maximize her inclusion in family activities; to avoid the cramps and discomfort associated with menstruation; and to avoid the discomfort from large"
"case involving a similar set of facts involving the death of a six-month-old baby and charges against Nathan Wilson. In that earlier case, the doctor working for the prosecution told reporters that when he told Ryan's office that he wished to reverse his earlier ruling that the death was a homicide, ""Middlesex District Attorney Marian Ryan and her office 'bullied' him to stick with the original homicide ruling, even though new evidence made that conclusion not 'honest'."" In 2013 the Middlesex District Attorney's Office was criticized for its handling of Jared Remy, who was arrested for assault and battery on"
"autonomy and she is entitled to refuse consent to treatment, whether her own life or that of her unborn child depends on it. As of 2002, 23 states in the United States still employed the rule, to lesser or greater extent. The abolition of the rule has proceeded piecemeal, from case to case and from statute to statute, rather than wholesale. One such landmark case with respect to the rule was ""Commonwealth vs. Cass"", in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, where the court held that the stillbirth of an eight-month-old fetus, whose mother had been injured by a motorist, constituted vehicular"
"having their daughter ""kidnapped"". The girl's father told the Associated Press that the family does not oppose modern medicine nor did they make their decision based on religious beliefs. In 2014, the court-appointed guardian was allowed to stop her efforts to force the family to resume chemotherapy; the guardian stated that she didn't have access to the child, making it impossible for her to make medical decisions. In October 2015, the court formally ended the guardianship. The hospital is a clinical training site for undergraduate and graduate registered nurse (RN) students and licensed practical nurse (LPN) students from 35 affiliated"
"Dr. Meadow was knighted for his work for child protection, though later, his reputation, and consequently the credibility of MSbP, became severely damaged when several convictions of child killing, in which he acted as an expert witness, were overturned. The mothers in those cases were wrongly convicted of murdering two or more of their children, and had already been imprisoned for up to six years. The pivotal case was that of Sally Clark. Clark was a lawyer wrongly convicted in 1999 of the murder of her two baby sons, largely on the basis of Meadow's evidence. As an expert witness"
"cranial deformity gave it the appearance of a miniature adult."" A second mummy examined by University of Wyoming anthropologist George Gill and the Denver Children's Hospital in the 1990s was also shown to be an anencephalic infant. DNA testing showed it to be Native American and radiocarbon dating dated it to about 1700. According to a July 7, 1979, article in the ""Casper Star-Tribune"" the first mummy started debates over whether it was a hoax, a baby, or one of the legendary ""little people"". The mummy ended up in Meeteetse, Wyoming, at a local drug store where it was shown"
"infant who might eventually identify herself as a boy would be catastrophic"". The defendants sought to dismiss the case and seek a defense of qualified immunity, but these were denied by the District Court for the District of South Carolina. In January 2015, the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed this decision and dismissed the complaint, stating that, ""it did not ""mean to diminish the severe harm that M.C. claims to have suffered"" but that a reasonable official in 2006 did not have fair warning from then-existing precedent that performing sex assignment surgery on sixteen-month-old M.C. violated a"
"case lasted five months. The Deputy Coroner Wendy Wilmoth ruled that Allison had died of natural causes, and chastised the Right to Life group. ""The decisions made by her doctors and her parents, and the careful steps taken to ensure these decisions were legally, ethically and morally sound, have been tested and found entirely reasonable and appropriate,"" Wilmoth stated. The child's parents and the medical staff were exonerated of all wrongdoing. Television journalist Jill Singer's coverage of the case and inquest, a report entitled, ""Baby M"", was broadcast on ""The 7.30 Report"" in 1992. It once again brought the case"
"Cases are almost fatal in the prenatal stage with babies being stillborn. Though it is now thought that earlier cases were misdiagnosed as other genetic disorders with similar pathology—such as Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome—the earliest publicised recognition of the condition as a new, hitherto unclassified, genetic disorder was made by two British doctors in Leicester in 1987. Though they identified the condition, later named for them, they did not identify the genetic anomalies responsible but suspected a link with trisomy 13 due to the similar symptoms. With only one or two occurrences documented towards the end of the decade, a group of"
"partly due to advances in MRI brain scanning technology: ""We started realizing there were a number of medical conditions that can affect a baby's brain and look like the findings that we used to attribute to shaken baby syndrome or child abuse"", such as infections and in utero strokes. Louise Woodward case The Louise Woodward case concerned Louise Woodward, a 19-year-old British au pair convicted in 1997 of the involuntary manslaughter of eight-month-old Matthew Eappen while he was in her care in his home in Newton, Massachusetts, in the United States. Five days after being admitted to Children's Hospital in"
"other injuries. In November 2005, CBS News aired a story about documents that surfaced in a lawsuit involving a young mother who was paralyzed by a stroke and remained a total invalid, which showed the company had received nearly 500 reports of adverse events between April 2002 and December 2004. During the same time frame, only 61 adverse event reports were filed in connection with all type of birth-control pills. The parents of a 14-year-old girl from Wisconsin have filed a lawsuit against Johnson & Johnson because they claim that she died from a blood clot that arose from her"
"baby in Mexico who doctors said had ""no hope of survival"", 2008-2009. It was investigated on a local level in Mexico and concluded its work on January 30, 2015. A medical board approved it in 2015 while theologians did so as well on 8 October 2015; the C.C.S. granted final approval on January 12, 2016 before submitting it to the pope for his approval. Pope Francis approved the miracle as being directly attributed to his intercession on January 21, 2016 and the pope confirmed at an ordinary consistory of cardinals on March 15, 2016 the date of which he would"
"the boy was denied treatment (and food and water) not because the treatment was unreasonably risky but rather because he was intellectually disabled. Koop commented publicly that he disagreed with such withholding of treatment. In his decades as a pediatric surgeon, Koop had repaired hundreds of such defects, with a continually improving rate of success. By 1982, success was nearly certain if the surgery was performed. A somewhat similar situation in 1983 involving a ""Baby Jane Doe"" again brought the issue of withholding treatment for newborns with disabilities to public attention. In this case, the parents and doctors had decided"
"was seeking treatment for AIDS."" A baby born in Mississippi in 2013 was reported to have been cured of HIV, in that a cocktail of drugs resulted in remission without the need for further treatment, the HIV having ceased to replicate. However, later testing when the HIV drugs had been stopped revealed that the child was still HIV positive. Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS The portrayal of HIV and AIDS in the media refers to events and trends in the discussion of HIV and AIDS in mass media. HIV leads to a large amount of illness and many deaths. It is"
"where no evidence has been found of the cases being linked to any environmental cause like an insecticide. Neurologist Vanessa van der Linden stated in an interview, ""Clinically, the changes we see in the scans of babies suggest that the injuries were caused by congenital infection and not by larvicide, drug or vaccine."" Noted skeptic David Gorski called the claim a conspiracy theory and pointed out that antivaccine proponents had also claimed that the Tdap vaccine was the cause of the microcephaly outbreak, due to its introduction in 2014, along with adding, ""One can’t help but wonder what else the"
"to patients. Dr Anna Pou and two nurses were arrested in July 2006. In July 2007, a Louisiana grand jury declined to indict Pou. Since then, the charges have been expunged, and the state of Louisiana has agreed to pay Pou's legal fees. In August 2009, a review was re-initiated after a ""New York Times"" article quoted Dr. Ewing Cook saying that Memorial patients were given morphine and other drugs after the hurricane struck to accelerate their deaths. In March 2010, New Orleans coroner Frank Minyard concluded that the death of one of the patients, Jannie Burgess, was not a"
"personnel. This claim was based upon the extraordinary behaviour of two mothers: one had (Meadow claimed) poisoned her toddler with excessive quantities of salt. The other had introduced her own blood into her baby's urine sample. Although it was initially regarded with scepticism, MSbP soon gained a following amongst doctors and social workers. In 1993 Meadow gave expert testimony at the trial of Beverley Allitt, a paediatric nurse accused (and later found guilty) of murdering several of her patients. Meadow went on to testify in many other trials, many of which concerned cases previously diagnosed as cot death or sudden"
"profiled the case on his medical futility website. Andrew Bedner Andrew Bedner is an American man at the center of a bioethical controversy regarding the rights of parents to make medical decisions for children they have allegedly abused. In August 2008, Bedner, a resident of White River Junction, Vermont, was charged with intentionally injuring his eight-week-old daughter during a beating. The child's injuries proved severe, and Bedner faced a long prison sentence if convicted, but he did not face murder charges, as his critically ill daughter, C.B., remained on life support. The state of New Hampshire, where the child was"