When he was killed in a car crash in 1960, which existentialist became the shortest-lived of any literature Nobel laurate till date?
"the source. French publisher Michel Gallimard was driving his HK500 on January 4, 1960, when he lost control and crashed outside of Villeblevin. The crash killed him and one of his passengers, Nobel laureate Albert Camus. Some have speculated that the driver was not familiar with the car's handling and weight, and that contributed to the severity of the crash. Facel Vega FVS The Facel Vega FV/FVS was a car produced by French car maker Facel from 1954 to 1959. It continued until 1962 as the HK500. The Facel 'Vega' was launched at the 1954 Paris Salon. By 1956 the"
"1980, Roland Barthes was knocked down by a laundry van while walking home through the streets of Paris. One month later, on March 26, he died from the chest injuries he sustained in that accident. Barthes' earliest ideas reacted to the trend of existentialist philosophy that was prominent in France during the 1940s, specifically to the figurehead of existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre's ""What Is Literature?"" (1947) expresses a disenchantment both with established forms of writing and more experimental, avant-garde forms, which he feels alienate readers. Barthes’ response was to try to discover that which may be considered unique and original"
"Albert Camus Albert Camus (; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay ""The Rebel"" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44 in 1957, the second youngest recipient in history. Camus did not consider himself to be an existentialist despite usually being classified as a follower of it, even in his lifetime."
"Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of"
"Eugene O'Neill Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama ""Long Day's Journey into Night"" is often numbered on the short list of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's ""A Streetcar Named Desire"" and Arthur Miller's ""Death of a Salesman"". O'Neill's plays were among the first to include speeches in"
"Hall of Fame. Other Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American journalist, novelist, and short-story writer. His economical and understated style—which he termed the iceberg theory—had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and his public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three of his novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works were"
"dystopian fiction entitled ""Dangerous Visions"". J. G. Ballard James Graham Ballard (15 November 193019 April 2009) was an English novelist, short story writer, and essayist who first became associated with the New Wave of science fiction for his post-apocalyptic novels such as ""The Wind from Nowhere"" (1961) and ""The Drowned World"" (1962). In the late 1960s, he produced a variety of experimental short stories (or ""condensed novels""), such as those collected in the controversial ""The Atrocity Exhibition"" (1970). In the mid 1970s, Ballard published several novels, among them the highly controversial ""Crash"" (1973), a story about symphorophilia and car crash"
"the French Catholic philosopher Gabriel Marcel in the mid-1940s. At first, when Marcel applied the term to him at a colloquium in 1945, Jean-Paul Sartre rejected it. Sartre subsequently changed his mind and, on October 29, 1945, publicly adopted the existentialist label in a lecture to the ""Club Maintenant"" in Paris. The lecture was published as ""L'existentialisme est un humanisme"" (""Existentialism is a Humanism""), a short book that did much to popularize existentialist thought. Marcel later came to reject the label himself in favour of the term Neo-Socratic, in honor of Kierkegaard's essay ""On The Concept of Irony"". Some scholars"
"friendship, confusing Forster with constant avowals of his love. LGBT E. M. Forster Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 18797 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist. Many of his novels examined class difference and hypocrisy, including ""A Room with a View"" (1908), ""Howards End"" (1910) and ""A Passage to India"" (1924). The last brought him his greatest success. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 16 different years. Forster was born into an Anglo-Irish and Welsh family at 6 Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London NW1, in a building that no longer exists."
"the 2013 documentary film, """". His short story ""The Destructors"" was featured in the 2001 film ""Donnie Darko"". Bibliography Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a reputation early in his lifetime as a major writer, both of serious Catholic novels, and of thrillers (or ""entertainments"" as he termed them). He was shortlisted, in 1966 and 1967, for the Nobel Prize for"
"Sinclair Lewis Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded ""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters."" His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. L. Mencken wrote of him, ""[If] there"
"Oscar Lewis Oscar Lewis, born Lefkowitz (December 25, 1914 – December 16, 1970) was an American anthropologist. He is best known for his vivid depictions of the lives of slum dwellers and his argument that a cross-generational culture of poverty transcends national boundaries. Lewis contended that the cultural similarities occurred because they were ""common adaptations to common problems"" and that ""the culture of poverty is both an adaptation and a reaction of the poor classes to their marginal position in a class-stratified, highly individualistic, capitalistic society."" He won the 1967 U.S. National Book Award in Science, Philosophy and Religion for"
"J. G. Ballard James Graham Ballard (15 November 193019 April 2009) was an English novelist, short story writer, and essayist who first became associated with the New Wave of science fiction for his post-apocalyptic novels such as ""The Wind from Nowhere"" (1961) and ""The Drowned World"" (1962). In the late 1960s, he produced a variety of experimental short stories (or ""condensed novels""), such as those collected in the controversial ""The Atrocity Exhibition"" (1970). In the mid 1970s, Ballard published several novels, among them the highly controversial ""Crash"" (1973), a story about symphorophilia and car crash fetishism, and ""High-Rise"" (1975), a"
"magazines. Pelley died at his home in Noblesville on June 30, 1965. William Dudley Pelley William Dudley Pelley (March 12, 1890 – June 30, 1965) was an American writer, spiritualist and fascist political activist. He came to prominence as a writer, winning two O. Henry Awards and penning screenplays for Hollywood films. His 1929 essay ""Seven Minutes in Eternity"" marked a turning point in Pelley's career, earning a major response in ""The American Magazine"" where it was published as a popular example of what would later be called a near-death experience. His experiences with mysticism and occultism drifted towards the"
"Michelangelo Antonioni Michelangelo Antonioni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007), was an Italian film director, screenwriter, editor, and short story author. Best known for his ""trilogy on modernity and its discontents"" — ""L'Avventura"" (1960), ""La Notte"" (1961), and ""L'Eclisse"" (1962), as well as the English-language ""Blowup"" (1966)—Antonioni ""redefined the concept of narrative cinema"" and challenged traditional approaches to storytelling, realism, drama, and the world at large. He produced ""enigmatic and intricate mood pieces"" and rejected action in favor of contemplation, focusing on image and design over character and story. Antonioni received numerous awards and"
"Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (; 11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and communism and helped to raise global awareness of its Gulag forced labor camp system. He was allowed to publish only one work in the Soviet Union, ""One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"" (1962), in the periodical ""Novy Mir"". After this he had to publish in the West, most notably ""Cancer Ward"" (1968), ""August 1914"" (1971), and ""The Gulag Archipelago"" (1973). Solzhenitsyn was awarded the 1970 Nobel"
"Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. His work has also influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to influence these disciplines. Sartre was also noted for his open relationship with prominent feminist and fellow existentialist philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir. Together, Sartre and de Beauvoir challenged the"
"essayist and philosopher Clive James excoriated Sartre in his book of mini biographies ""Cultural Amnesia"" (2007). James attacks Sartre's philosophy as being ""all a pose"". Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. His work has also influenced sociology, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and literary studies, and continues to influence these disciplines. Sartre was"
"1994) and visiting one of his favourite cities, Istanbul (1996). He died at age 86 in Guildford. Eric Newby George Eric Newby (6 December 1919 – 20 October 2006) was an English travel author. Newby's best known works include ""A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush"", ""The Last Grain Race"", and ""Round Ireland in Low Gear"". Newby was born at Barnes and grew up near Hammersmith Bridge, London. His father, George, was a partner in a firm of wholesale dressmakers, and his mother, (Minnie) Hilda (née Pomeroy) had been a dress model at Harrods. Newby was educated at St Paul's"
"also had its impact on the poet's language. This bitterness, however, faded in his late writings, and was replaced by the mature voice of an old poet reflecting upon his world. Salvatore Quasimodo Salvatore Quasimodo (; August 20, 1901 – June 14, 1968) was a Sicilian novelist and poet. In 1959 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature ""for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"". Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti and Eugenio Montale, he is one of the foremost Italian poets of the 20th century. Quasimodo was born in Modica,"
"The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace is a biography by Jeff Hobbs about an intellectually brilliant young African-American man, Robert DeShaun Peace (June 25, 1980 – May 18, 2011), who left Newark, New Jersey to attend Yale University, but fell back into the streets when he returned to Newark and was murdered, aged 30, ""face down, knees bent, in a drug-related murder"". Born to Jackie Peace and Robert Douglas, Robert Peace grew up in East Orange, New Jersey, which borders Newark. His parents didn’t live together, and his father sold"
"Albert Schweitzer Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 18754 September 1965) was an Alsatian theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. His contributions to the interpretation of Pauline Christianity concern the role of Paul's mysticism of ""being in Christ"" as primary and the doctrine of Justification by Faith as secondary. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of ""Reverence for Life"", becoming the eighth Frenchman to be awarded that prize. His"
"choice of Johnson and Harry Martinson as Nobel Prize winners in 1974 was controversial as both were on the Nobel panel themselves and Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, Saul Bellow and Jorge Luis Borges were the favoured candidates that year. Eyvind Johnson Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish novelist and short story writer. Regarded as the most groundbreaking novelist in modern Swedish literature he became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: ""for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands"
"into an autocratic regime was a tragedy while Nazism was only ""devilish nihilism"". Thomas Mann Paul Thomas Mann (; 6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized versions of German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur"
"of Schweitzer's life include: Albert Schweitzer Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 18754 September 1965) was an Alsatian theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. His contributions to the interpretation of Pauline Christianity concern the role of Paul's mysticism of ""being in Christ"" as primary and the doctrine of Justification by Faith as secondary. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of ""Reverence for Life"", becoming the eighth Frenchman to be"
"infectious disease laboratory. Peace graduated in 2002, with honors. One of his roommates was Jeff Hobbs, the author of Peace's biography. Runner up for the 2015 Dayton Literary Peace Prize for Nonfiction. The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace is a biography by Jeff Hobbs about an intellectually brilliant young African-American man, Robert DeShaun Peace (June 25, 1980 – May 18, 2011), who left Newark, New Jersey to attend Yale University, but fell back into the streets when he returned to Newark and was murdered, aged 30, ""face down, knees bent,"
"of literary minimalism arose in response to the metafiction trend of the 1960s and early 1970s (John Barth, Robert Coover, and William H. Gass). These writers were also spare with prose and kept a psychological distance from their subject matter. Minimalist writers, or those who are identified with minimalism during certain periods of their writing careers, include the following: Raymond Carver, Ann Beattie, Bret Easton Ellis, Charles Bukowski, Ernest Hemingway, K. J. Stevens, Amy Hempel, Bobbie Ann Mason, Tobias Wolff, Grace Paley, Sandra Cisneros, Mary Robison, Frederick Barthelme, Richard Ford, Patrick Holland, Cormac McCarthy, and Alicia Erian. American poets such"
"Søren Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( ; ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christendom, morality, ethics, psychology, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a ""single individual"", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. He was against literary critics"
"Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (; ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was the youngest person to have held the post, at an age of 47 years upon his appointment. His second term was cut short when he was killed in an airplane crash while en route to cease-fire negotiations during the Congo Crisis. He is one of only four people to be awarded a posthumous Nobel Prize. Hammarskjöld has been referred to as one of the two best"
"James Joyce James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He contributed to the modernist avant-garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the 20th century. Joyce is best known for ""Ulysses"" (1922), a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's ""Odyssey"" are paralleled in a variety of literary styles, most famously stream of consciousness. Other well-known works are the short-story collection ""Dubliners"" (1914), and the novels ""A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man"" (1916) and ""Finnegans Wake"" (1939)."
"and his 1964 book ""One-Dimensional Man"") resonated with the concerns of the leftist student movement in the 1960s. Because of his willingness to speak at student protests, Marcuse soon became known as ""the father of the New Left"", a term he disliked and rejected. Jean-Paul Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was already a key and influential philosopher and playwright for his early writings on individualistic existentialism. In his later career, Sartre attempted to reconcile the existential philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard with Marxist philosophy and Hegelian dialectics in his work ""Critique of Dialectical Reason"". Sartre was also involved"
"Butterfly"", ""Spring Awakening"", and ""The Book of Mormon"". The Glencairn Plays, all of which feature characters on the fictional ship ""Glencairn""—filmed together as ""The Long Voyage Home"": Other one-act plays include: Eugene O'Neill Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into U.S. drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama ""Long Day's Journey into Night"" is often numbered on the short list of the"
"Viareggio (1958) and, finally, the Nobel Prize for Literature (1959). In 1960 and 1967 he received ""honoris causa"" degrees from the Universities of Messina and Oxford, respectively. In his last years the poet made numerous voyages to Europe and America, giving public speeches and public lectures of his poems, which had been translated in several foreign languages. In June 1968, when he was in Amalfi for a discourse, Quasimodo was struck by a cerebral hemorrhage. He died a few days later in the hospital in Naples. He was interred in the Cimitero Monumentale in Milan. Traditional literary critique divides Quasimodo's"