The 1889 constitution of which country recognized the divine power of its emperor deriving it from a native belief that the imperial family was the offspring of the sun goddess Amaterasu?
"jiàn guógē"", Japanese Hepburn romanization: ""Manshukoku-kenkoku uta""). According to the official interpretation of the anthem issued on the same day of its adoption, the """"God"""" in the first line refers to ""Amaterasu"", the sun goddess in Shinto, referring to Manchukuo's adoption of State Shinto as its state religion in 1940. Also, ""God's Light"" is interpreted as ""Arahitogami"", i.e. Emperor of Japan. The whole of the first line is interpreted as """"The Divine Work"""" in the fourth line came from Kangde's ""Imperial Rescript on the Tenth Anniversary of the Nation"" on 1 March 1942, in which he mentioned, and hence interpreted"
"united by their love of the god-emperor. Publicly linking his rule with the mythical first emperor, Jimmu, and thus the Sun Goddess Amaterasu, the Meiji Emperor declared himself the one, true ruler of Japan. The claim that the emperors of Japan were gods was based upon their supposed descent from Amaterasu, the most important of the Shinto gods and goddesses. With large parades and festivals, in its time, ""Kigensetsu"" was considered one of the four major holidays of Japan. The holiday of ""Kigensetsu"" featured parades, athletic competitions, the public reading of poems, the handing out of sweets and buns to"
"Theory of Civilization"") contradicted traditional ideas about ""kokutai"". He reasoned that it was not unique to Japan and that every nation could be said to have a ""kokutai"" ""national sovereignty"". While Fukuzawa respected the Emperor of Japan, he believed ""kokutai"" did not depend upon myths of unbroken descent from Amaterasu. The Constitution of the Empire of Japan of 1889 created a form of constitutional monarchy with the ""kokutai"" sovereign emperor and ""seitai"" organs of government. Article 4 declares that ""the Emperor is the head of the Empire, combining in Himself the rights of sovereignty"", uniting the executive, legislative, and judicial"
"Emperor from the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu. This action sought to reverse what had been a blending of Buddhist and Shinto practices in Japan. That department was unsuccessful, and demoted to a Ministry. In 1872, policy for Shrines and other religions was taken over by the Ministry of Education. The Ministry intended to standardize rituals across shrines, and saw some small success, but fell short of its original intent. In calling for the return of the Department of Divinity in 1874, a group of Shinto priests issued a collective statement calling Shinto a ""National Teaching."" That statement advocated for understanding Shinto"
"the Japanese Empire’s southernmost political centre. Lin says that the “日” refers both to its literal meaning, which is the sun (symbolically the origin and legitimacy of the authority), and to its ideological imagery as the Japanese Empire’s initial “日”本帝國, comprising descendants of Amaterasu, a sun goddess in Shintoism. In the 1990s, the government announced plans to demolish the building, but it was conserved after lobbying by academics and the general public. It was restored and opened as a museum in 1998. The design of the old Kaohsiung Railway Station building, now Kaohsiung Vision Museum also incorporates the Han character"
"of anything that could be construed as being in any way religious, let alone Shinto, while performing duties in their official capacities. This was meant to stop the propagation of supposed ""militaristic and ultra-nationalistic ideology"" in particular, which was especially proscribed if conveyed in connection with Shinto or any other creed. These three alleged doctrines were specifically banned: (1) that the Emperor is superior to other rulers because he is descended of the sun goddess Amaterasu; (2) that the Japanese people are inherently superior to other peoples by their special ancestry or heritage, or (3) that the Japanese islands are"
"past, concepts of royalty, coronation and deity were often inexorably linked. In some ancient cultures, rulers were considered to be divine or partially divine: the Egyptian pharaoh was believed to be the son of Ra, the sun god, while in Japan, the emperor was believed to be a descendant of Amaterasu, the sun goddess. Rome promulgated the practice of emperor worship; in Medieval Europe, monarchs claimed to have a divine right to rule (analogous to the Mandate of Heaven in dynastic China). Coronations were once a direct visual expression of these alleged connections, but recent centuries have seen the lessening"
"however, the Emperor and the imperial family stood as the bond between the heavens and the earth by claims of descending from the goddess Amaterasu, instead dealing in affairs related with the gods than any major secular political event, with few cases scattered about history. It was not until the Meiji period and the establishment of the Empire, that the Emperor began to be venerated along with a growing sense of nationalism. Devaraja is the Hindu-Buddhist cult of deified royalty in Southeast Asia. It is simply described as Southeast Asian concept of divine king. The concept viewed the monarch (king)"
"rebellion became rampant. Up to this time, both the sun goddess Amaterasu and the god were enshrined in imperial residence. The emperor, over-awed with having to cohabit with these two powerful deities, set up separate enshrinements to house them. Amaterasu was moved to in Yamato Province (Nara), and there built as Himorogi altar (place for deities to make their descent) out of solid stone, placing a daughter, the princess in charge. The other god was entrusted to another daughter named but her hair fell out and became emaciated so she could not perform her duties. In the 7th year, the"
"political legitimacy that was conditional and that could be withdrawn. The Japanese Taihō Code, formulated in 703, was largely an adaptation of the governmental system of China's then Tang dynasty, but the Mandate of Heaven was specifically omitted. In later times, this need was obviated because the Imperial House of Japan claimed to be descended in an unbroken line from the Japanese sun goddess, Amaterasu. Nevertheless, while maintaining this role, the Japanese emperor became politically marginalized in the Nara and Heian periods by powerful regents of the Fujiwara clan who seized executive control of state. Even though the Japanese imperial"
"""Ningen-sengen"", it is also known as and . Delivery of this rescript was to be one of Hirohito's last acts as the imperial Sovereign. The Supreme Commander Allied Powers and the Western world in general gave great attention to the following passage towards the end of the rescript: According to the popular Western view, promoted by the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, this challenged the centuries-old claim that the Japanese emperor and his predecessors were descendants of the sun goddess Amaterasu, and thus the Emperor had now publicly admitted that he was not a living god. Thus, the same"
"In the postwar constitution, the emperor's role in the political system was drastically redefined. A prior and important step in this process was Emperor Hirohito's 1946 New Year's speech, made at the prompting of General Douglas MacArthur, renouncing his status as a divine ruler, without however repudiating that he was a descendant of Amaterasu as arahitogami. Hirohito declared that relations between the ruler and his people cannot be based on ""the false conception that the emperor is divinity in human form (""akitsumikami"") or that the Japanese people are superior to other races."" In the first article of the new constitution,"
"recognized as heir to the throne. This law, which was promulgated on the same day as the Meiji Constitution, enjoyed co-equal status with that constitution. Article 2 of the Constitution of Japan, promulgated in 1947 by influence of the U.S. occupation administration, provides that ""The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial Household Law passed by the Diet."" The Imperial Household Law of 1947, enacted by the ninety-second and last session of the Imperial Diet, retained the exclusion on female dynasts found in the 1889 law. The government of Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru hastily"
"after the 1889 signing of Constitution of the Empire of Japan. The constitution formalized much of the Empire's political structure and gave many responsibilities and powers to the Emperor. In 1890, the Imperial Diet was established in response to the Meiji Constitution. The Diet consisted of the House of Representatives of Japan and the House of Peers. Both houses opened seats for colonial people as well as Japanese. The Imperial Diet continued until 1947. The process of modernization was closely monitored and heavily subsidized by the Meiji government in close connection with a powerful clique of companies known as ""zaibatsu"""
"the basis of his divine ancestry. The new constitution specified a form of government that was still authoritarian in character, with the Emperor holding the ultimate power and only minimal concessions made to popular rights and parliamentary mechanisms. Party participation was recognized as part of the political process. The Meiji Constitution was to last as the fundamental law until 1947. The first national election was held in 1890, and 300 members were elected to the lower house. Voting was restricted to males over twenty-five who paid income tax of minimally fifteen yen, a qualification to be lowered in 1900 and"
"saintly figure who did not even bear moral responsibility for the war."" According to Bix, ""MacArthur's truly extraordinary measures to save Hirohito from trial as a war criminal had a lasting and profoundly distorting impact on Japanese understanding of the lost war."" Hirohito was not put on trial, but he was forced to explicitly reject the quasi-official claim that the Emperor of Japan was an ""arahitogami"", i.e., an incarnate divinity. This was motivated by the fact that, according to the Japanese constitution of 1889, the Emperor had a divine power over his country, which was derived from the Shinto belief"
"Meiji Constitution The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國憲法; Shinjitai: 大日本帝国憲法 ""Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kenpō""), known informally as the Meiji Constitution (明治憲法 ""Meiji Kenpō""), was the constitution of the Empire of Japan which had the proclamation on February 11, 1889, and had enacted since November 29, 1890 until May 2, 1947. Enacted after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, it provided for a form of mixed constitutional and absolute monarchy, based jointly on the Prussian and British models. In theory, the Emperor of Japan was the supreme leader, and the Cabinet, whose Prime Minister would be elected by a Privy"
"faith; one such myth details the appearance of the first emperor, grandson of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu. In this myth, when Amaterasu sent her grandson to earth to rule, she gave him five rice grains, which had been grown in the fields of heaven (Takamagahara). This rice made it possible for him to transform the ""wilderness"". Social and political strife have played a key role in the development of new sorts of kami, specifically the goryo-shin (the sacred spirit kami). The goryo are the vengeful spirits of the dead whose lives were cut short, but they were calmed by the"
"had opened the one on the 5th floor of Carino Miyazaki Building in Miyazaki. Located on its grounds is the Misogi-ike, Pond of Purification, that according to legend is the birthplace of the sun goddess Amaterasu. The JR Kyushu Nichinan Line serves the area. The city is served by Miyazaki Airport. Miyazaki has five sister cities: Miyazaki has a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and cool winters. During the summer, the city is particularly prone to typhoons, one of which drenched the city with of rain in one day on 16 October 1939. The wettest month since records"
"began with Motoori Norinaga in the 18th century. Motoori Norinaga, and later Hirata Atsutane, based their research on the ""Kojiki"" and other classic Shintō texts which teach the superiority of the Sun Goddess ""Amaterasu"". This formed the basis for State Shintōism, as the Japanese emperor claimed direct descent from ""Amaterasu"". The emperor himself was therefore sacred, and all proclamations of the emperor had thus a religious significance. After the Meiji Restoration, the new imperial government needed to rapidly modernize the polity and economy of Japan, and the Meiji oligarchy felt that those goals could only be accomplished through a strong"
"threat of foreign encroachment, especially after the arrival of Commodore Matthew C. Perry and the signing of the Kanagawa Accord, led to increased prominence to the development of nationalist ideologies. Some prominent ""daimyō"" promoted the concept of ""fukko"" (a return to the past), while others promoted ""ōsei"" (the Emperor's supreme authority). The terms were not mutually exclusive, merging into the ""sonnō jōi"" (revere the emperor, expel the barbarians) concept, which in turn was a major driving force in starting the Meiji Restoration. The Meiji Constitution of 1889 defined allegiance to the State as the citizen's highest duty. While the constitution"
"mythology, the Age of the Gods is the period before Jimmu's accession. The story of Jimmu seems to rework legends associated with the Ōtomo clan, and its function was to establish that clan's links to the ruling family, just as those of Suijin arguably reflect Mononobe tales and the legends in Ōjin's chronicles seem to derive from Soga clan traditions. Jimmu figures as a direct descendant of the sun goddess, Amaterasu via the side of his father, Ugayafukiaezu. Amaterasu had a son called Ame no Oshihomimi no Mikoto and through him a grandson named Ninigi-no-Mikoto. She sent her grandson to"
"to the Emperor. Nevertheless, in spite of these institutional changes, sovereignty still resided in the Emperor on the basis of his divine ancestry. The new constitution specified a form of government that still was authoritarian in character, with the Emperor holding the ultimate power and only minimal concessions made to popular rights and parliamentary mechanisms. Party participation was recognized as part of the political process. The Meiji Constitution was to last as the fundamental law until 1947. In the early years of constitutional government, the strengths and weaknesses of the Meiji Constitution were revealed. A small clique of Satsuma and"
"mythology. These accounts were written with two purposes in mind: the introduction of Taoist, Confucian, and Buddhist themes into Japanese religion; and garnering support for the legitimacy of the Imperial house, based on its lineage from the sun goddess, Amaterasu. Much of modern Japan was under only fragmentary control by the Imperial family, and rival ethnic groups. The mythological anthologies, along with other poetry anthologies like the ""Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves"" (""Man'yōshū"") and others, were intended to impress others with the worthiness of the Imperial family and their divine mandate to rule. In particular the Asuka rulers of 552–645"
"worship of the sun goddess Amaterasu. Under the Ritsuryō system of government in the Nara Period, Buddhism was heavily regulated by the state through the . During this time, Tōdai-ji served as the central administrative temple for the provincial temples for the six Buddhist schools in Japan at the time: the Hossō, Kegon, Jōjitsu, Sanron, Ritsu and Kusha. Letters dating from this time also show that all six Buddhist schools had offices at Tōdai-ji, complete with administrators, shrines and their own library. Japanese Buddhism during this time still maintained the lineage of the Vinaya and all officially licensed monks had"
"Peers. Both the cabinet of Japan and the Japanese military were directly responsible not to the elected legislature but to the Emperor. Concurrently, the Japanese government also developed a form of Japanese nationalism under which Shinto became the state religion and the Emperor was declared a living god. Schools nationwide instilled patriotic values and loyalty to the Emperor. In December 1871, a Ryukyuan ship was shipwrecked on Taiwan and the crew were massacred. In 1874, using the incident as a pretext, Japan launched a military expedition to Taiwan to assert their claims to the Ryukyu Islands. The expedition featured the"
"April 30, 1888, Itō resigned as prime minister, but headed the new Privy Council to maintain power behind-the-scenes. In 1889, he also became the first ""genrō"". The Meiji Constitution was promulgated in February 1889. He had added to it the references to the ""kokutai"" or ""national polity"" as the justification of the emperor's authority through his divine descent and the unbroken line of emperors, and the unique relationship between subject and sovereign. This stemmed from his rejection of some European notions as unfit for Japan, as they stemmed from European constitutional practice and Christianity. He remained a powerful force while"
"the birth of her son, Prince Hisahito, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced that he would drop the proposal. Currently, many believe the new prince of Japan will ascend the throne, as the law defines. Historically, Japan has had eight reigning empresses who used the genderless title ""Tennō"", rather than the female consort title ""kōgō"" (皇后) or ""chūgū"" (中宮). There is ongoing discussion of the Japanese Imperial succession controversy. Although current Japanese law prohibits female succession, all Japanese emperors claim to trace their lineage to ""Amaterasu"", the Sun Goddess of the Shintō religion. Thus, the Emperor is thought to be the"
"Kurozumikyō Kurozumikyō (黒住教), literally ""the Teachings of Kurozumi,"" is a Japanese religion largely derived from Shinto roots and founded in 1846. The founder, a Shinto priest by the name of Kurozumi, had a Divine union with Amaterasu, Goddess of the sun and chief ""Kami"" in the Shinto pantheon, in 1814. The core beliefs of the sect center around this idea, and the assertion that Amaterasu is the source of all light and life, and creator of all the universe. Mankind is believed to be able to tap into the divine power of Amaterasu in order to heal the sick and"
"his Imperial Ancestress, sun-goddess Amaterasu-ōmikami, in such a way as to share in a unique way in her divinity. The ceremony is not mentioned in the Constitution imposed by the American occupation forces, and so its present constitutionality was questioned at the time of the accession of the present Emperor Akihito. First, two special rice paddies are chosen and purified by elaborate Shinto purification rites. The families of the farmers who are to cultivate the rice in these paddies must be in perfect health. Once the rice is grown and harvested, it is stored in a special Shinto shrine as"
"kamikaze bombers and other fanaticism. This in turn led to the requirement in the Potsdam Declaration for the elimination ""for all time [of] the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest"". In State Shinto, the Emperor was believed to be a Arahitogami (a living god). Following Japan's surrender, the Allies issued the Shinto Directive separating church and state within Japan. The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights. Under its terms, the Emperor of Japan is ""the symbol of the State and"
"had hidden herself in a cave because she was hurt by her brother Susano-o's unacceptable behaviour. Near the cave entrance, the goddess Ame-no-uzume, turned a tub over and started to dance on it in front of the worried assembly of gods. As Ame-no-uzume was half naked already, with clothes falling off, the gods started laughing loudly. When Amaterasu heard the commotion, she came out to see what was happening. Thus the world had sunlight again. The imperial family of Japan is said to have descended from Amaterasu and Ame-no-uzume is considered the patron goddess of music and dance. This story"
"office, however, and the real political power rested in the hands of the Shogun, the military commander and dictator of the nation. The nation is currently in the midst of a Byzantine civil war between various feudal factions and has not had much contact with outsiders. The official Kozakuran state religion is known as the faith of the Eight Million Gods (an analog for Japanese Shinto), which involved worship of a host of animistic nature deities and spirits including a sun goddess and the Emperor of Kozakura himself, who was believed to have descended from a divine ancestry related to"