What non-technical term is given to a condition where the thumb, when extended (as in a 'thumbs-up'), stretches backwards toward the nail and outwards?
"two nibs near the base of the file to prevent lateral movement, replacing the pinned rivet with a notched rivet, and adding a thumb-swerve in the lever. Nail clipper A nail clipper (also called nail clippers, a nail trimmer, a nail cutter or nipper type) is a hand tool used to trim fingernails, toenails and hangnails. Nail clippers are usually made of stainless steel but can also be made of plastic and aluminium. Two common varieties are the plier type and the compound lever type. Most nail clippers usually come with another tool attached, which is used to clean dirt"
"the thumb in a flexed position. Symptoms also develop from heavy and repetitive use of the wrist and forearm and can also develop in those who require fine and independent functionality of the fingers, such as musicians. This abnormality is clinically evident when the patient is unable to flex the thumb without flexing the distal interphalangeal joint of the index or middle finger or vice versa. Flexor tenosynovitis is a common finding in the patients with Linburg–Comstock syndrome. Another hypothesis is that anatomical variations, which in this case is an additional tendon slip, may act as space-occupying lesions and potentially"
"Thumb position In music performance and education, thumb position, not a traditional position, is a string instrument playing technique used to facilitate playing in the upper register of the double bass, cello, and related instruments, such as the electric upright bass. To play passages in this register, the player shifts his or her hand out from behind the neck and curves the hand, using the side of the thumb to press down the string; in effect, the side of the thumb becomes a movable nut (capo). For the double bass, thumb position is used when playing above high G (on"
"Arachnodactyly Arachnodactyly (""spider fingers"") or achromachia is a condition in which the fingers and toes are abnormally long and slender, in comparison to the palm of the hand and arch of the foot. Also, the individual's thumbs tend to be pulled inwards towards the palm. It can be present at birth or develop in later life. This feature can occur on its own, with no underlying health problems. However, it can also be associated with certain medical conditions. Examples include Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Loeys–Dietz syndrome, congenital contractural arachnodactyly, and homocystinuria. Arachnodactyly has been linked to mutations in both fibrillin-1"
"thumb"", with homozygous carriers having an angle close to 90°. However this theory has been disputed, since the variation in thumb angle is known to fall on a continuum and shows little evidence of the bi-modality seen in other recessive genetic traits. Other formations of the thumb include a triphalangeal thumb and polydactyly. One of the earlier significant contributors to the study of hand grips was orthopedic primatologist and paleoanthropologist John Napier, who proposed organizing the movements of the hand by their anatomical basis as opposed to work done earlier that had only used arbitrary classification. Most of this early"
"a physiological movement of the wrist, where the hand including the fingers move towards the ulna. Ulnar deviation is a disorder in which flexion by ulnar nerve innervated muscles is intact while flexion on the median nerve side is not. Ulnar deviation Ulnar deviation, also known as ulnar drift, is a hand deformity in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints (the big knuckles at the base of the fingers) causes the fingers to become displaced, tending towards the little finger. Its name comes from the displacement toward the ulna (as opposed to radial deviation, in which fingers are displaced"
"proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints, which looks like a pointing finger. Pointing Finger is therefore a much better term to recognize this condition. The middle finger is flexed because of the connection between the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons, which is called the Quadriga phenomena. Hand of benediction The hand of benediction, also known as benediction sign or preacher's hand, occurs as a result of prolonged compression or injury of the median nerve at the forearm or elbow. The term ""hand of benediction"" refers to damage of the median nerve. However, the name is misleading as the"
"bout of the body, and remains there while the fingers move between the high positions. A note played outside of the normal compass of a position, without any shift, is referred to as an ""extension"". For instance, in third position on the A string, the hand naturally sits with the first finger on D and the fourth on either G or G. Stretching the first finger back down to a C, or the fourth finger up to an A, forms an extension. Extensions are commonly used where one or two notes are slightly out of an otherwise solid position, and"
"Asterixis Asterixis (also called the flapping tremor, or liver flap) is a tremor of the hand when the wrist is extended, sometimes said to resemble a bird flapping its wings. This motor disorder is characterized by an inability to maintain a position, which is demonstrated by jerking movements of the outstretched hands when bent upward at the wrist. The tremor is caused by abnormal function of the diencephalic motor centers in the brain, which regulate the muscles involved in maintaining position. Asterixis is associated with various encephalopathies due especially to faulty metabolism. The term derives from the Greek ""a"", ""not"""
"Hypermobility (joints) Hypermobility, also known as double-jointedness, describes joints that stretch farther than normal. For example, some hypermobile people can bend their thumbs backwards to their wrists, bend their knee joints backwards, put their leg behind the head or perform other contortionist ""tricks"". It can affect one or more joints throughout the body. Hypermobile joints are common and occur in about 10 to 25% of the population. It is usually not associated with any symptoms but a minority of people develop other conditions caused by their unstable joints; in such cases, it is known as Hypermobility syndrome. Until new diagnostic"
"abduction,"" because the thumb moves toward the hand's radial side. Abduction and adduction occur around an antero-posterior axis, while flexion and extension occur around a lateral axis. For ease of orientation, the thumbnail can be considered as resting in the thumb's frontal plane. Abduction and adduction of the first CMC (and MP) joint(s) occur in this plane; flexion and extension of the first CMC, MP, and IP joints occur in a plane that is perpendicular to the thumbnail. This remains true regardless of how the first metacarpal bone is being rotated during opposition and reposition. Male and female thumb CMC"
"to formal rules. Common handstand variations include: Blood pressure in the head increases to abnormally high levels when the body is inverted. When one is inverted for extended periods, the prolonged high blood pressure may exacerbate preexisting medical conditions and increase the risk of stroke, pulmonary oedema, and other ailments. Handstand A handstand is the act of supporting the body in a stable, inverted vertical position by balancing on the hands. In a basic handstand the body is held straight with arms and legs fully extended, with hands spaced approximately shoulder-width apart. There are many variations of handstands, but in"
"almost in parallel to each other. When the arm is extended, with the palm facing forward or up, the bones of the upper arm (humerus) and forearm (radius and ulna) are not perfectly aligned. The deviation from a straight line occurs in the direction of the thumb, and is referred to as the ""carrying angle"" (visible in the right half of the picture, right). The carrying angle permits the arm to be swung without contacting the hips. Women on average have smaller shoulders and wider hips than men, which tends to produce a larger carrying angle (i.e., larger deviation from"
"extension (dorsiflexion) of the hand at the wrist. These terms refer to flexion between the hand and the body's ""dorsal"" surface, which in anatomical position is considered the back of the arm; and flexion between the hand and the body's ""palmar"" surface, which in anatomical position is considered the anterior side of the arm. The direction of terms are opposite to those in the foot because of embryological rotation of the limbs in opposite directions. ""Palmarflexion"" refers to decreasing the angle between the palm and the anterior forearm. ""Dorsiflexion"" refers to extension at the ankle or wrist joint. This brings"
"Crossed extensor reflex The crossed extensor reflex is a withdrawal reflex. When the reflex occurs the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs. An example of this is when a person steps on a nail, the leg that is stepping on the nail pulls away, while the other leg takes the weight of the whole body. The crossed extensor reflex is contralateral, meaning the reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body from the stimulus. To produce this reflex, branches of the afferent nerve fibers cross from the"
"changes, fluid retention and—more debatably—lifting. De Quervain syndrome involves noninflammatory thickening of the tendons and the synovial sheaths that the tendons run through. The two tendons concerned are those of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles. These two muscles run side by side and function to bring the thumb away from the hand; the extensor pollicis brevis brings the thumb outwards radially, and the abductor pollicis longus brings the thumb forward away from the palm. De Quervain tendinopathy affects the tendons of these muscles as they pass from the forearm into the hand via a fibro-osseous tunnel"
"Ulnar claw An ulnar claw, also known as claw hand, or 'Spinster's Claw' is a deformity or an abnormal attitude of the hand that develops due to ulnar nerve damage causing paralysis of the lumbricals. A claw hand presents with a hyperextension at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints and flexion at the proximal and distal inter-phalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th fingers. The patients with this condition can make a full fist but when they extend their fingers, the hand posture is referred to as claw hand. The ring- and little finger can usually not fully extend at the PIP joint."
"the forearm. This should not be confused with the midposition of the hand which corresponds to an ulnar deviation of 12 degrees. From the straight position two pairs of movements of the hand are possible: abduction (movement towards the radius, so called radial deviation or abduction) of 15 degrees and adduction (movement towards the ulna, so called ulnar deviation or adduction) of 40 degrees when the arm is in strict supination and slightly greater in strict pronation. Flexion (tilting towards the palm, so called palmar flexion) and extension (tilting towards the back of the hand, so called dorsiflexion) is possible"
"thumbs up—is used instead of the finger to express roughly the same sentiment. In some Arab countries, especially Egypt, the middle finger is lowered towards the palm and pointed towards someone, while all other fingers are kept straight. It could be considered the opposite movement of the tradition middle finger gesture, but it serves the same purpose and meaning. In William Shakespeare's play ""Romeo and Juliet"", Capulet's servant Sampson starts a fight by ""biting his thumb"" at Abram, Montague's servant. This gesture can be interpreted as being equivalent to giving someone the middle finger. Obscene gesture An obscene gesture is"
"time, since the human body lacks a design for forcing back blood that's running to the head (something intended by force of gravity to take care of itself). While small bouts of hanging upside down have not proven to be dangerous, people with pre-existing conditions for example could make matters worse and potentially increase the risk of, among others, stroke and pulmonary oedema. Handstand push-up The handstand push-up (press-up) - also called the vertical push-up (press-up) or the inverted push-up (press-up) also called ""commandos""- is a type of push-up exercise where the body is positioned in a handstand. For a"
"nerve lesions. Ape hand deformity Ape hand deformity, also known as simian hand, is a deformity in humans who cannot move the thumb away from the rest of the hand. It is an inability to abduct the thumb. Abduction of the thumb refers to the specific capacity to orient the thumb perpendicularly to the ventral (palmar) surface of the hand. Opposition refers specifically the ability to ""swing"" the first metacarpal such that the tip of the thumb may touch the distal end of the 5th phalanx and if we put the hand on the table as the palm upward the"
"Thumb The thumb is the first digit of the hand. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare ""hallux"" for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical. The English word ""finger"" has two senses, even in the context of appendages of a single typical human hand: Linguistically, it appears that the original sense was the broader of these two: ""penkwe-ros"" (also rendered as ""penqrós"") was, in the inferred Proto-Indo-European language, a"
"are unable to maintain the position the result is positive. Closing the eyes accentuates the effect, because the brain is deprived of visual information about the position of the body and must rely on proprioception. Tapping on the palm of the outstretched hands can accentuate the effect. This is a test of upper motor neuron disease. If a forearm pronates, with or without downward motion, then the person is said to have pronator drift on that side reflecting a contra-lateral pyramidal tract lesion. In the presence of an upper motor neuron lesion, the supinator muscles in the upper limb are"
"Congenital clasped thumb ""Infant’s persistent thumb-clutched hand, flexion-adduction deformity of the thumb, pollex varus, thumb in the hand deformity."" Congenital clasped thumb describes an anomaly which is characterized by a fixed thumb into the palm at the metacarpophalangeal joint in one or both hands. The incidence and genetic background are unknown. A study of Weckesser et al. showed that boys are twice as often affected with congenital clasped thumb compared to girls. The anomaly is in most cases bilateral (present in both hands). A congenital clasped thumb can be an isolated anomaly, but can also be attributed to several syndromes."
"deformity"", flexion of proximal interphalangeal joint and extension of distal interphalangeal joint of the hand), swan neck deformity (hyperextension at proximal interphalangeal joint and flexion at distal interphalangeal joint) and ""Z-thumb."" ""Z-thumb"" or ""Z-deformity"" consists of hyperextension of the interphalangeal joint, fixed flexion and subluxation of the metacarpophalangeal joint and gives a ""Z"" appearance to the thumb. The hammer toe deformity may be seen. In the worst case, joints are known as arthritis mutilans due to the mutilating nature of the deformities. The rheumatoid nodule, which is sometimes in the skin, is the most common non-joint feature and occurs in"
"Icepick grip The icepick grip, otherwise known as the ""reverse grip"", is a technique used in close range knifefighting, in which the blade protrudes from the bottom of the hand, rather than the top (""natural"" or ""hammer"" grip) of the closed fist, resembling the way one would normally use an icepick for its intended use; colloquially referred to as the ""stabbing"" grip. Up until the late 1980s, the consensus amongst most martial arts experts was that the icepick grip was the mark of an amateur, and that one who chose to attack using such a grip was easily disarmed. This"
"Wrist drop Wrist drop, (radial nerve or musculospiral nerve palsy, and colloquially as crutch paralysis, Saturday night palsy or honeymoon palsy), is a medical condition in which the wrist and the fingers cannot extend at the metacarpophalangeal joints. The wrist remains partially flexed due to an opposing action of flexor muscles of the forearm. As a result, the extensor muscles in the posterior compartment remain paralyzed. The forearm is the part of the body that extends from the elbow to the wrist and is not to be confused with the arm, which extends from the shoulder to the elbow. The"
"tissue alterations to the digit such as release of skin, extensor tendon relocation, and collateral ligament advancement. Minor degrees of curvature are common. Reports of incidence vary between 1% and 19.5%. Clinodactyly Clinodactyly (from the Ancient Greek κλίνειν ' meaning ""to bend"" and δάκτυλος ' meaning ""digit"") is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the ""little finger"") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the ""ring finger""). It is a fairly common isolated anomaly which often goes unnoticed, but also occurs in combination with"
"Ulnar deviation Ulnar deviation, also known as ulnar drift, is a hand deformity in which the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints (the big knuckles at the base of the fingers) causes the fingers to become displaced, tending towards the little finger. Its name comes from the displacement toward the ulna (as opposed to radial deviation, in which fingers are displaced toward the radius). Ulnar deviation is likely to be a characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, more than of osteoarthritis. Consideration should also be given to pigmented villonodular synovitis, in the setting of ulnar deviation and metacarpophalangeal synovitis. Ulnar deviation is also"
"Clinodactyly Clinodactyly (from the Ancient Greek κλίνειν ' meaning ""to bend"" and δάκτυλος ' meaning ""digit"") is a medical term describing the curvature of a digit (a finger or toe) in the plane of the palm, most commonly the fifth finger (the ""little finger"") towards the adjacent fourth finger (the ""ring finger""). It is a fairly common isolated anomaly which often goes unnoticed, but also occurs in combination with other abnormalities in certain genetic syndromes. Clinodactyly is an autosomal dominant trait that has variable expressiveness and incomplete penetrance. Clinodactyly can be passed through inheritance and presents as either an isolated"
"the finger-pointing test with the eyes closed is another feature of sensory ataxia. Also, when the patient is standing with arms and hands extended toward the physician, if the eyes are closed, the patient's finger will tend to ""fall down"" and then be restored to the horizontal extended position by sudden muscular contractions (the ""ataxic hand""). The term ""vestibular ataxia"" is employed to indicate ataxia due to dysfunction of the vestibular system, which in acute and unilateral cases is associated with prominent vertigo, nausea and vomiting. In slow-onset, chronic bilateral cases of vestibular dysfunction, these characteristic manifestations may be absent,"
"shoulder. When the legs are splayed at the hip, such as when doing a star jump or doing a split, the legs are abducted at the hip. ""Adduction"" refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part ""toward"" the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to bringing the digits together, towards the centerline of the hand or foot. Adduction of the wrist is also called ""ulnar deviation"". Dropping the arms to the sides, and bringing the knees together, are examples of adduction. Ulnar deviation is"
"permanently flexed. This claw appearance can be distinguished from an ulnar claw in that the MCP is flexed in Dupuytren’s but hyperextended in ulnar nerve injuries. A claw hand can result of injuries to the inferior brachial plexus (C8 - T1). The condition may arise from the limb being suddenly pulled upward. For example, Klumpke paralysis can occur from excessive pulling of the infant's forelimb during parturition. Ulnar claw An ulnar claw, also known as claw hand, or 'Spinster's Claw' is a deformity or an abnormal attitude of the hand that develops due to ulnar nerve damage causing paralysis of"