'Fish lizard' is the literal meaning of which extinct reptile's name?
"Californosaurus Californosaurus perrini ('Perrin's California lizard') was an ichthyosaur, an extinct marine reptile, from the Lower Hosselkus Limestone (Carnian, Late Triassic) of California. Merriam (1902) described it as a new species of ""Shastasaurus"", ""S. perrini"". He later recognized the species as generically distinct from the ""Shastasaurus"" type species, erecting ""Delphinosaurus"" for ""S. perrini"". However, ""Delphinosaurus"" had been previously used for an ophthalmosaurid from Albian-Cenomanian deposits in European Russia, and Kuhn (1934) provided the generic replacement name ""Californosaurus"". Merriam (1938) independently erected ""Perrinosaurus"" to replace ""Delphinosaurus"", but this is a junior objective synonym. The long-snouted head is small in comparison with"
"shells of its prey. Thalattosaurus Thalattosaurus (pron.:""tha-la-to-SORE-us"") meaning ""ocean lizard"" is an extinct genus of marine reptile in the family Thalattosauridae. They were aquatic diapsids that are known exclusively from the Triassic period. It was a shellfish-eating reptile with paddle-like limbs and a down-turned rostrum that was around in length occurring in Lower and Middle Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of British Columbia as well as the Upper Triassic Hosselkus Limestone of California. It has gained notoriety as a result of studies on general diapsid phylogeny. Although originally described as four distinct species by Merriam in 1905, one was proven to"
"Thalattosaurus Thalattosaurus (pron.:""tha-la-to-SORE-us"") meaning ""ocean lizard"" is an extinct genus of marine reptile in the family Thalattosauridae. They were aquatic diapsids that are known exclusively from the Triassic period. It was a shellfish-eating reptile with paddle-like limbs and a down-turned rostrum that was around in length occurring in Lower and Middle Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of British Columbia as well as the Upper Triassic Hosselkus Limestone of California. It has gained notoriety as a result of studies on general diapsid phylogeny. Although originally described as four distinct species by Merriam in 1905, one was proven to be ""T. alexandrae"" upon"
"Ichthyosaur Ichthyosaurs (Greek for ""fish lizard"" – ιχθυς or ""ichthys"" meaning ""fish"" and σαυρος or ""sauros"" meaning ""lizard"") are large marine reptiles. Ichthyosaurs belong to the order known as Ichthyosauria or Ichthyopterygia ('fish flippers' – a designation introduced by Sir Richard Owen in 1840, although the term is now used more for the parent clade of the Ichthyosauria). Ichthyosaurs thrived during much of the Mesozoic era; based on fossil evidence, they first appeared around 250 million years ago (Ma) and at least one species survived until about 90 million years ago, into the Late Cretaceous. During the early Triassic period,"
"Mesosaurus Mesosaurus (meaning ""middle lizard"") is an extinct genus of reptile from the Early Permian of southern Africa and South America. Along with it, the genera ""Brazilosaurus"" and ""Stereosternum"", it is a member of the family Mesosauridae and the order Mesosauria. ""Mesosaurus"" was long thought to have been one of the first marine reptiles, although new data suggests that at least those of Uruguay inhabited a hypersaline water body, rather than a typical marine environment. In any case, it had many adaptations to a fully aquatic lifestyle. It is usually considered to have been anapsid, although Friedrich von Huene considered"
"Phosphorosaurus Phosphorosaurus (""Phosphate Lizard"") is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. ""Phosphorosaurus"" is classified within the Halisaurinae subfamily alongside the genera ""Pluridens"", ""Eonatator"" and ""Halisaurus"". Stratigraphically, ""Phosphorosaurus"" only occurs in the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Although treated as synonymous with ""Halisaurus"" in the past, recent studies recognize it as valid. Two species are known, Phosphorosaurus ortliebi from Belgium, and P. ponpetelegans from Hokkaido in Japan. ""P. ponpetelegans"" is only known from the very earliest Maastrichtian, whilst ""P. ortliebi"" occurs throughout the Maastrichtian. With a length of around 3 m (10 ft), ""Phosphorosaurus"" was"
"however adapted to its lifestyle, and many larger species emulated its body shape and hunting style. Guizhouichthyosaurus Guizhouichthyosaurus (""Guizhou fish lizard"") is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur which existed during the lower Carnian stage of the Late Triassic in southwest China. The genus contains the single species ""Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae"". It had been referred to the genus ""Shastasaurus"" in the past, but later study showed that it is likely distinct, since it lacks the characteristically short snout of that genus. Originally named as a species of Cymbospondylus (""Cymbospondylus asiaticus"") in 2002, and again in 2003 with Panjiangsaurus (""Panjiangsaurus epicharis"") before finally"
"the limb bones. The flattened shape of the phalanges, or finger bones, suggests that the limbs of ""Aphanizocnemus"" formed paddles. Long projections of bone in the tail called chevrons give the tail a flattened, paddle-like shape. ""Aphanizocnemus"" was well adapted for an aquatic lifestyle, and probably spent much of its time swimming at the bottom of shallow lagoons. Aphanizocnemus Aphanizocnemus is an extinct genus of varanoid lizard from Lebanon. It is a marine lizard that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is often classified in the family Dolichosauridae as a close relative of snakes, although some studies have placed it"
"mosasaur faunas with multiple different genera and species in different ecological niches. Mosasaur Mosasaurs (from Latin ""Mosa"" meaning the 'Meuse river', and Greek σαύρος ""sauros"" meaning 'lizard') are an extinct group of large marine reptiles containing 38 genera in total. Their first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764. Mosasaurs probably evolved from an extinct group of aquatic lizards known as aigialosaurs in the Early Cretaceous. During the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period (Turonian-Maastrichtian ages), with the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, mosasaurs became the dominant marine predators."
"middle Eocene lake deposits of Washington and British Columbia[1]. A phylogenetic review of ""Priscacara"" by Whitock[2], found only two species, ""P. serrata"" and ""P. liops"". The two species differ in the number of dorsal and anal fin rays, as well as possibly a coarser serrated rear edge of the preopercle in ""P. serrata""[2]. ""P. liops"" also has small conical teeth on the pharyngeal jaw, whereas ""P. serrata"" has large grinding toothplates[2], suggesting a diet of snails and crustaceans[1]. Priscacara Priscacara is an extinct genus of perch from the middle Eocene. It is characterized by a sunfish-like body and its stout"
"Halisaurus Halisaurus is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. The holotype, consisting of an angular and a basicranium fragment discovered near Hornerstown, New Jersey, already revealed a relatively unique combination of features and prompted a new genus to be described. It was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1869 and means ""ocean lizard"". It was renamed by Marsh to Baptosaurus in 1870, since he believed the name to already be preoccupied by the fish ""Halosaurus"". According to modern rules, a difference of a letter is enough and the substitute name is unneeded, making """"Baptosaurus"""" a"
"Pistosaurus Pistosaurus ( “saurus” in Greek meaning “reptile” and “lizard”) is an extinct genus of aquatic sauropterygian reptile closely related to plesiosaurs. Fossils have been found in France and Germany, and date to the Middle Triassic. It contains a single species, ""Pistosaurus longaevus. Pistosaurus"" is known as the oldest “subaquatic flying” reptile on earth. The skull of ""Pistosaurus"" is generally resembles that of other Triassic Sauropterygians. However, there are several synapomorphies that make ""Pistosaurus"" distinguished: the long, slender, snout; the possession of splint-like nasals that are excluded from the external naris; and the posterior extension of the premaxilla to the"
"Mosasaurus Mosasaurus (; ""lizard of the Meuse River"") is a genus of mosasaurs, extinct carnivorous aquatic lizards. It existed during the Maastrichtian age of the late Cretaceous period, between about 70 and 66 million years ago, in western Europe and North America. The name means ""Meuse lizard"", as the first specimen was found near the Meuse River (Latin ""Mosa"" + Greek ""sauros"" lizard). ""Mosasaurus"" was among the last of the mosasaurids, and among the largest. As with most mosasaurids, the legs and feet of ""Mosasaurus"" were modified into flippers, and the front flippers were larger than the hind flippers. The"
"Tethysaurus Tethysaurus is an extinct genus of tethysaurine mosasauroid from the Early Turonian (Late Cretaceous) period. The only species is ""Tethysaurus nopcsai"". The name means ""Tethys' lizard of Nopsca"", a reference to the Greek goddess of the sea Tethys (also the name of the Tethys Ocean, an ancient sea between southern Europe and northern Africa) and to the Hungarian paleontologist Baron Ferenc Nopcsa, who made pioneering studies on Adriatic aquatic squamates. It was found near the villages of Tadirhourst and Asfla in the region of Goulmima, Errachidia Province, in Morocco, with three referred specimens that included a nearly complete articulated"
"Plotosaurus Plotosaurus (""swimmer lizard"") is an extinct genus of mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Fresno County, California. Originally named ""Kolposaurus"" (meaning ""bay lizard"") by Berkeley paleontologist Charles Lewis Camp in 1942, it was changed to ""Plotosaurus"" in 1951 when Camp discovered the name had already been assigned to a type of nothosaur. Plotosaurs possessed several adaptations to marine life not seen in other mosasaurs. Compared with their relatives, they had narrower flippers, large tail fins and a streamlined fusiform body shape. These features probably enabled them to be faster swimmers than most other mosasaurs. They also had relatively"
"it was a juvenile. Excalibosaurus Excalibosaurus (meaning ""Excalibur's lizard"") is a monotypic genus of marine prehistoric fish-like reptiles (ichthyosaurs) that lived during the Sinemurian stage (approximately 196.5 ± 2 Ma to 189.6 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago)) of the Early Jurassic period in what is now England. It is characterized by the extreme elongation of the rostrum, with the lower jaw about three fourth of the length of the upper jaw, giving the animal a swordfish-like look. The only known species is ""Excalibosaurus costini"". This relatively rare animal is known from two skeletons. The holotype, discovered in 1984 near"
"Regisaurus Regisaurus (""Rex's lizard"", named after its discoverer Francis Rex Parrington) is an extinct Genus of small carnivorous therocephalian. It is known from a single described species, the type species ""Regisaurus jacobi"", from the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa, although at least one undescribed species is also known. It was a rather derived baurioid, with a robust skull, short tail, long limbs and relatively large canines. It was apparently related to ""Urumchia"" and like ""Urumchia"", it had vomer bones, which form the secondary palate, but they do not narrow to a tip like in ""Urumchia"". However it"
"1898 – includes drawings of the skull of ""Platecarpus ictericus"" Platecarpus Platecarpus (""flat wrist"") is an extinct genus of aquatic lizards belonging to the mosasaur family, living around 84–81 million years ago during the middle Santonian to early Campanian, of the Late Cretaceous period. Fossils have been found in the United States and a possible specimen in Belgium and Africa. A well-preserved specimen of ""Platecarpus"" shows that it fed on moderate-sized fish, and it has been hypothesized to have fed on squid, and ammonites as well. Like other mosasaurs, it was initially thought to have swum in an eel-like fashion,"
"Mosasaur Mosasaurs (from Latin ""Mosa"" meaning the 'Meuse river', and Greek σαύρος ""sauros"" meaning 'lizard') are an extinct group of large marine reptiles containing 38 genera in total. Their first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764. Mosasaurs probably evolved from an extinct group of aquatic lizards known as aigialosaurs in the Early Cretaceous. During the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period (Turonian-Maastrichtian ages), with the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and pliosaurs, mosasaurs became the dominant marine predators. They became extinct as a result of the K-Pg event at the"
"Nothosaurus Nothosaurus (""false lizard"", from the Ancient Greek nothos (νόθος), ""illegitimate"", and sauros (σαῦρος), ""lizard"") is an extinct genus of sauropterygian reptile from the Triassic period, approximately 240-210 million years ago, with fossils being distributed from North Africa and Europe to China. It is the best known member of the nothosaur order. ""Nothosaurus"" was a semi-oceanic animal which probably had a lifestyle similar to that of today's seals. It was about , with long, webbed toes and possibly a fin on its tail. However, some species such as ""N. zhangi"" and ""N. giganteus"" were larger, up to . When swimming,"
"mammals. Bahndwivici Bahndwivici is an extinct genus of lizard known from a nearly complete and articulated skeleton discovered in rocks of the Green River Formation of Wyoming, United States. The skeleton is very similar to that of the modern Chinese crocodile lizard, ""Shinisaurus"". ""Bahndwicivi"" is based on FMNH PR2260, a skeleton collected from the Thompson Ranch Locality of the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation. It was described in 2006 by Jack Conrad. The type species is ""B. ammoskius"". The genus name means ""handsome in the water"" in Shoshoni, a reference both to the animal's possible semiaquatic lifestyle"
"""lizard"", a common suffix for genus names of extinct reptile. The specific name ""orientalis"" is derived from Latin ""oriental"", meaning ""of the east"", as an emphasis on the east-Asian occurrence of ""Kwangsisaurus"" whose relatives were known from Europe and the Middle East at the time of its discovery. Kwangsisaurus Kwangsisaurus is an extinct genus of a basal pistosauroid known from the Early or Middle Triassic (Olenekian or Anisian age) of Guangxi, southern China. It contains a single species, Kwangsisaurus orientalis. ""Kwangsisaurus"" is known solely from the holotype IVPP V2338, a fragmentary postcranial skeleton housed at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology"
"Taniwhasaurus Taniwhasaurus (from the Maori Taniwha, a supernatural, aquatic creature, and the Greek ""σαυρος/sauros"", meaning lizard) is an extinct genus of mosasaur (carnivorous marine lizards) which inhabited New Zealand, Japan and Antarctica. The genus was a close relative of the genera ""Tylosaurus"" and ""Hainosaurus"". ""Taniwhasaurus oweni"", the type species for ""Taniwhasaurus"", was named by Hector in 1874 from a fossil specimen found in the late Campanian Conway Formation outcrops at Haumuri Bluff, New Zealand. Known from an individual that may have measured at least 6+ meters in length, based on the estimations of the remains found. It is synonymous with"
"Saurichthys Saurichthys ('lizard fish') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found on all continents except South America and Antarctica. ""Saurichthys"" was an elongated, streamlined, fish about long, and looked similar to the modern pike. Its dorsal and anal fins were placed opposite each other well back on the body, and the tail was symmetrical. These features would have made it a powerful swimmer, and it is presumed to have hunted in a similar way to the pike, attacking from an ambush at high speed. Its jaws were extremely long, making up a"
"Aphanizocnemus Aphanizocnemus is an extinct genus of varanoid lizard from Lebanon. It is a marine lizard that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is often classified in the family Dolichosauridae as a close relative of snakes, although some studies have placed it as an even closer relative to snakes than dolichosaurids. Only one species of ""Aphanizocnemus"" is known, the type species ""A. libanensis"". ""A. libanensis"" was named in 1997 on the basis of a single complete skeleton. ""Aphanizocnemus"" is about long, and the tail makes up half of its length. The hands and feet are very large in comparison to"
"Thunnosauria Thunnosauria (Greek for ""tuna lizard"" - ""thunnos"" meaning ""tuna"" and ""sauros"" meaning ""lizard"") is an extinct clade of parvipelvian ichthyosaurs from the Early Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous (Hettangian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Named by Ryosuke Motani in 1999, it contains the basal taxa ""Ichthyosaurus"" and ""Stenopterygius"" and the family Ophthalmosauridae. In thunnosaurs, the fore fin is at least twice as long as the hind fin. Thunnosauria is a node-based taxon defined in 1999 as ""the last common ancestor of ""Ichthyosaurus communis"" and ""Stenopterygius quadriscissus"" and all of its descendants"". The"
"Brachylophus gibbonsi Brachylophus gibbonsi is an extinct species of large (~1.2 m long) iguanid lizard from Tonga in the South Pacific Ocean. Its remains have been found associated with cultural sites on Lifuka, four other islands in the Haʻapai group, and Tongatapu. It was consumed by the early Tongans and probably became extinct within a century of human colonization of the archipelago 2800 years ago. The four extant members of ""Brachylophus"" are much smaller, and are found in nearby Fiji. ""B. fasciatus"" is now present on Tonga as well, but was probably brought there from Fiji by humans about 800"
"Shastasaurus Shastasaurus (""Mt. Shasta lizard"") is an extinct genus of ichthyosaur from the middle and late Triassic, and is the largest known marine reptile. Specimens have been found in the United States, Canada, and China. ""Shastasaurus"" lived during the late Triassic period. The type species ""Shastasaurus pacificus"" is known from California. A second possible species of ""Shastasaurus"", ""S. sikanniensis"", is known from the Pardonet Formation British Columbia, dating to the middle Norian age (about 210 million years ago). If ""S. sikanniensis"" belongs to ""Shastasaurus"", it would be the largest species, measuring up to . ""Shastasaurus"" was highly specialized, and differed"
"Guizhouichthyosaurus Guizhouichthyosaurus (""Guizhou fish lizard"") is an extinct genus of Ichthyosaur which existed during the lower Carnian stage of the Late Triassic in southwest China. The genus contains the single species ""Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae"". It had been referred to the genus ""Shastasaurus"" in the past, but later study showed that it is likely distinct, since it lacks the characteristically short snout of that genus. Originally named as a species of Cymbospondylus (""Cymbospondylus asiaticus"") in 2002, and again in 2003 with Panjiangsaurus (""Panjiangsaurus epicharis"") before finally being placed within its own genus. Size estimates based on the preserved collection of 86 presacral"
"third of the total body length, and ended in a sharp, beak-like tip. Fossil evidence, in the form of a bolus of bones in the same strata, indicates that ""Saurichthys"" attacked, or possibly scavenged the corpses of fishing pterosaurs such as ""Preondactylus"". Their closest modern-day relatives include the sturgeons, paddlefish, and the bowfins. Saurichthys Saurichthys ('lizard fish') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found on all continents except South America and Antarctica. ""Saurichthys"" was an elongated, streamlined, fish about long, and looked similar to the modern pike. Its dorsal and anal fins"
"Acteosaurus Acteosaurus is an extinct genus of aquatic lizard that lived in the upper Cretaceous period. Its species, ""A. tommasinii"" and ""A. crassicostatus"", were described in 1860 and 1993. Though ""A. crassicostatus"" is probably a junior synonym for ""Adriosaurus suessi"", ""A. tommasinii"" was found to be similar to coniasaurs, mosasauroids, and a sister taxon to modern snakes in 2010. The primary portion of ""Acteosaurus""' name comes from Actaeon (; Greek: ), a famous Theban hero who was hunted and killed by the goddess Artemis. The second part of the name is the Greek word ""sauros"" (""σαυρος""), which means ""lizard"" or"
"and the rest of the Mosasaurinae: Plesiotylosaurus Plesiotylosaurus, meaning ""near ""Tylosaurus"""", is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is classified as part of the Mosasaurinae subfamily, alongside genera like ""Mosasaurus"" and ""Prognathodon"". The genus contains one species, Plesiotylosaurus crassidens, recovered from deposits of Middle Maastrichtian age in the Moreno Formation in California. Though it is classified as a mosasaurine mosasaur, and not closely related to ""Tylosaurus"", the name is not entirely misplaced as a number of cranial features found in the relatively intact holotype skull suggest some degree of convergent evolution with tylosaurine mosasaurs."
"discovery of a new Pistosauridea from middle triassic of Nevada by paleontologist Sander indicates that ""Augustasaurus"" is closely related to ""Pistosaurus"", while there are several difference including axial skeleton. Pistosaurus Pistosaurus ( “saurus” in Greek meaning “reptile” and “lizard”) is an extinct genus of aquatic sauropterygian reptile closely related to plesiosaurs. Fossils have been found in France and Germany, and date to the Middle Triassic. It contains a single species, ""Pistosaurus longaevus. Pistosaurus"" is known as the oldest “subaquatic flying” reptile on earth. The skull of ""Pistosaurus"" is generally resembles that of other Triassic Sauropterygians. However, there are several synapomorphies"