Which German fashion house, still trading today, allegedly supplied uniforms for the Hitler Youth and the National Socialist Party from 1928 until 1939?
"them until 1928 at the earliest. This is the year he became a ""Reichszeugmeisterei""-licensed supplier of uniforms to the ""Sturmabteilung"" (SA), ""Schutzstaffel"", Hitler Youth, National Socialist Motor Corps, and other party organizations. By the third quarter of 1932, the all-black SS uniform was designed by SS members Karl Diebitsch (artist) and Walter Heck (graphic designer). The Hugo Boss company was one of the companies that produced these black uniforms for the SS. By 1938, the firm was focused on producing Wehrmacht uniforms and later also uniforms for the Waffen-SS. During the Second World War, Hugo Boss employed 140 forced labourers,"
"Youth, the postal service, rail employees and later the Wehrmacht. Boss joined the Nazi Party in 1931, two years before Adolf Hitler came to power. By the third quarter of 1932, the all-black SS uniform (to replace the SA brown shirts) was designed by ""SS-Oberführer"" Prof. Karl Diebitsch and Walter Heck (graphic designer), who had no affiliation with the company. The Hugo Boss company produced these black uniforms along with the brown SA shirts and the black-and-brown uniforms of the Hitler Youth. Some workers are acknowledged to have been French and Polish prisoners of war forced into labour. In 1999,"
"History of National Socialism""). The building has since been completed and is open to the public. Brown House, Munich The Brown House () was the name given to the Munich mansion located between the Karolinenplatz and Königsplatz, known before as the ""Palais Barlow"", which was purchased in 1930 for the Nazis. They converted the structure into the headquarters of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (""Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei""; NSDAP). Its namesake was the result of the early Nazi Party uniforms, which were brown. Many leading Nazis, including Hitler, maintained offices there throughout the Party's existence. It was destroyed by Allied"
"Hugo Boss (fashion designer) Hugo Ferdinand Boss (8 July 1885 – 9 August 1948) was a German fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the clothing company Hugo Boss. He was an active member of the Nazi Party as early as 1931 and remained loyal to the Nazi German ideology throughout the duration of the party's existence. Boss was born in Metzingen, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, to Luise (née Münzenmayer) and Heinrich Boss, the youngest of five children. He did an apprenticeship as a merchant, completed military service from 1903 to 1905 and worked in a weaving"
"mill in Konstanz. He then took over as the heir to his parents' lingerie shop in Metzingen in 1908. In that year, he also married Anna Katharina Freysinger with whom he had a daughter. In 1914, he was mobilized into the army and he served through World War I with the rank of corporal. He founded his own clothing company in Metzingen in 1923 and then a factory in 1924 (initially with two partners). The company produced shirts and jackets and then work clothing, sportswear and raincoats. In the 1930s, it produced uniforms for the SA, the SS, the Hitler"
"Brown House, Munich The Brown House () was the name given to the Munich mansion located between the Karolinenplatz and Königsplatz, known before as the ""Palais Barlow"", which was purchased in 1930 for the Nazis. They converted the structure into the headquarters of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (""Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei""; NSDAP). Its namesake was the result of the early Nazi Party uniforms, which were brown. Many leading Nazis, including Hitler, maintained offices there throughout the Party's existence. It was destroyed by Allied bombing raids during the Second World War. In 1920, the Nazis opened their first Party headquarters"
"with more than 1,100 company-owned retail stores worldwide (2016). In 1923, Hugo Boss founded his own clothing company in Metzingen, a small town south of Stuttgart, where it is still based. In 1924, he started a factory along with two partners. The company produced shirts, jackets, work clothing, sportswear and raincoats. Due to the economic climate of Germany at the time, Boss was forced into bankruptcy. In 1931, he reached an agreement with his creditors, leaving him with six sewing machines to start again. That same year, Hugo Boss became a member of the Nazi Party, receiving the membership number"
"the majority of them women. In addition to these workers, 40 French prisoners of war also worked for the company briefly between October 1940 - April 1941. According to German historian Henning Kober, the company managers were fervent National Socialists who were all great admirers of Adolf Hitler. In 1945, Hugo Boss had a photograph in his apartment of him with Hitler, taken at the Berghof, Hitler's Obersalzberg retreat. Because of his early NS Party membership, his financial support of the SS and the uniforms delivered to the National Socialist German Workers Party, Boss was considered both an ""activist"" and"
"the SS and in time eclipsed Heiden. Upon the dismissal of Heiden, Himmler assumed the position of ""Reichsführer-SS"" with Hitler's approval in January 1929. There are differing accounts of the reason for this dismissal. The party merely announced that it was for ""family reasons"". It was also suggested at the time that the dismissal was due to Heiden associating with Jews. Since 1928, Heiden was co-owner of a clothing supply business that sold uniforms to the SS. Another company in Munich supplied Heiden and his partner with the pants which were used for the SS uniforms. It was discovered that"
"was usually covered by a brown quilt embroidered with a huge swastika. The swastika also appeared on Hitler's brown satin pajamas, embroidered in black against a red background on the pocket. He had a matching brown silk robe."" Brown had originally been chosen as a Party color largely for convenience; large numbers of war-surplus brown uniforms from Germany's former colonial forces in Africa were cheaply available in the 1920s. It also suited the working-class and military images that the Party wished to convey. Through the 1930s, the Party's brown uniforms were mass-produced by the German clothing firm owned by Hugo"
"Thor Steinar Thor Steinar is a German clothing brand manufactured by Thor Steinar Mediatex GmbH, a subsidiary of International Brands General Trading, a Dubai-based company. In Germany, the brand is considered to be closely associated with neo-nazism by the ""Verfassungschutz"" of the state of Brandenburg. In German media, the brand is most often discussed in the light of this association. Wearing Thor Steinar clothes is expressly forbidden in the Bundestag, in the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and of Saxony and in several football stadiums. The brand was registered as a trademark by Axel Kopelke in October 2002 and was manufactured by"
"Corps. In the 1920s, brown became the uniform color of the Nazi Party in Germany. The Nazi paramilitary organization the ""Sturmabteilung"" (SA) wore brown uniforms and were known as the brownshirts. The color brown was used to represent the Nazi vote on maps of electoral districts in Germany. If someone voted for the Nazis, they were said to be ""voting brown"". The national headquarters of the Nazi party, in Munich, was called the ""Brown House"". The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 was called the ""Brown Revolution"". At Adolf Hitler's Obersalzberg home, the Berghof, he slept in a ""bed which"
"less severe punishment. Nevertheless, the effects of the ban led to Boss's son-in-law, Eugen Holy, taking over both the ownership and the running of the company. Boss died of a tooth abscess in 1948. Hugo Boss (fashion designer) Hugo Ferdinand Boss (8 July 1885 – 9 August 1948) was a German fashion designer and businessman. He was the founder of the clothing company Hugo Boss. He was an active member of the Nazi Party as early as 1931 and remained loyal to the Nazi German ideology throughout the duration of the party's existence. Boss was born in Metzingen, in the"
"Hugo Boss Hugo Boss AG, often styled as BOSS, is a German luxury fashion house. It was founded in 1924 by Hugo Boss and is headquartered in Metzingen, Germany. Originally focusing on uniforms, after World War II and the founder's death in 1948, Hugo Boss started to turn its focus from uniforms to men's suits. The company went public in 1988 and introduced a fragrance line that same year, added mens and womenswear diffusion lines in 1997, a full women's collection in 2000 as well as children's clothing in 2006/2007, and has since evolved into a major global fashion house"
"Hitler Youth The Hitler Youth (German: , often abbreviated as HJ in German) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins dated back to 1922 and it received the name ""Hitler-Jugend, Bund deutscher Arbeiterjugend"" (""Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth"") in July 1926. From 1933 until 1945, it was the sole official youth organisation in Germany and was partially a paramilitary organisation; it was composed of the Hitler Youth proper for male youths aged 14 to 18, the German Youngsters in the Hitler Youth (""Deutsches Jungvolk in der Hitler Jugend"" or ""DJ"", also ""DJV"") for"
"was sole owner. The most famous stores are the ones in Nuremberg (Aufseßplatz) (built 1925/26, demolished), Stuttgart (Schocken Stuttgart, demolished) (1926–28) and Chemnitz (1927–30) designed by architect Erich Mendelsohn. All three can be seen as milestones in modern architecture. After the rise of Nazism, Salman Schocken was politically forced to sell his department stores to the Merkur AG (so-called ""Aryanisation""). After the war, Schocken sold his regained share of the company (51%) to Helmut Horten GmbH, which later became part of Kaufhof and is currently owned by Metro. Salman Schocken founded his own publishing house (later Schocken Books) in 1931,"
"Reichszeugmeisterei The Reichszeugmeisterei (; RZM), formally located in Munich, was the first and eventually the primary ""Zeugmeisterei"" (quartermaster's office), as well as the national material control office of Nazi Germany. It replaced the ""SA-Wirtschaftsstelle"", the purchasing agency of the ""Sturmabteilung"". As early as 1925, to avoid identification problems during street fighting in the Weimar Republic, Adolf Hitler ordered the wearing of brown shirts by members of the newly established NSDAP and the SA. These uniforms were complemented by brown caps and coloured badges in 1927, which could only be purchased at the ""SA-Wirtschaftsstelle"". Due to an increasing number of members,"
", in the modern German ). It is also censored from the reprints of 1930s railway timetables published by the . The eagle remains, but appears to hold a solid black circle between its talons. The swastikas on Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain temples are exempt, as religious symbols cannot be banned in Germany. The German fashion company Esprit Holdings was investigated for using traditional British-made folded leather buttons after complaints that they resembled swastikas. In response, Esprit Holdings destroyed two hundred thousand catalogues. A controversy was stirred by the decision of several police departments to begin inquiries against anti-fascists. In"
"Political decorations of the Nazi Party Political decorations of the Nazi Party were medals and awards issued by the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP) between 1920 and 1945. Political awards were authorized for wear on any paramilitary uniform of Nazi Germany, as well as civilian attire, but were generally frowned upon for display (but not actually forbidden) on active duty military uniforms of the Wehrmacht. The one exception to this were the uniforms of the Waffen-SS, which freely mixed political awards and military decorations. The various degrees of Nazi Party decorations are as follows: The first 100,000 members who"
"Gerhard Roßbach Gerhard Roßbach (28 February 1893 – 30 August 1967), also spelt Rossbach, was a German ""Freikorps"" leader and organizer of nationalist groups after World War I. He is generally credited with inventing the brown uniforms of the Nazi Party after supplying surplus tropical khaki shirts to early troops of the ""Sturmabteilung"" (SA). Roßbach was born in Kehrberg, Pomerania. During the Baltic fighting of 1919, his made an extremely long march from Berlin across Eastern Europe to rescue the Iron Division (another ""Freikorps"") from destruction by the Latvian Army. It went on to participate in the Kapp Putsch in"
"Nazi Brownshirts and the SS in 1933. It was made by German filmmakers and actors who had fled to Moscow to avoid Hitler's terror. Ironically, 2 actors working on the set were arrested during the filming and by the end of 1938 (during Stalin's terror years) two thirds of the film crew were arrested. In 1936, the company was dissolved, as it was regarded too independent and too influenced by foreigners. ""Rot-Front Studio"" became its successor, but in the same 1936 its name was changed to ""Soyuzdetfilm"" (), the world's first film company devoted to films for children and teenagers,"
"Youth. ""Blood and Honor"" was the title of a songbook. The motto was also embossed in the belt buckle of the Hitler Youth uniform, and between 1933 and 1938 it was also engraved on the blade of the Hitler Youth's pocketknife. In Germany, the use of this slogan is legally considered to be a use of a symbol of an unconstitutional organization, and is subject to legal penalty. According to a judgement of the Federal Court of Justice in 2009, the use of the English translation ""Blood and Honour"" is not subject to legal penalty. The motto has been used"
"unrestored, unprepared condition sold at auction in Cortland NY for $299,000 US. In the late 1930s, Horch supplied a limited number of promotional scarves bearing the Horch logo. Sent only to the wealthiest drivers, it is a major collectible amongst diehard enthusiasts of the pre-war car era. However, there is also a degree of controversy associated with these scarves as they were commonly sought by senior SS members. Horch Horch was a car brand manufactured in Germany by August Horch & Cie, at the beginning of the 20th century. It is the direct ancestor of the present day Audi company,"
"with his far-right politics led to public outcry and local authorities are seeking to have the store closed. The store was eventually renamed to ""Tønsberg,"" after a Norwegian town in Vestfold, in 2012. Thor Steinar Thor Steinar is a German clothing brand manufactured by Thor Steinar Mediatex GmbH, a subsidiary of International Brands General Trading, a Dubai-based company. In Germany, the brand is considered to be closely associated with neo-nazism by the ""Verfassungschutz"" of the state of Brandenburg. In German media, the brand is most often discussed in the light of this association. Wearing Thor Steinar clothes is expressly forbidden"
"attract people from all over the country and even Europe. Hugo Boss, which was founded in Metzingen and still has its headquarters there, started first with its factory outlet and was soon followed by other companies (e.g. Burberry, Reebok, JOOP!, Strenesse, Escada, Bally, Puma, Nike, Adidas, Tommy Hilfiger, etc.) who offer a range of their clothing at reduced prices. Today there are over 80 so-called ""outlet-stores"". The town council has 26 seats, of which the CDU has 7. Since 8 February 2009, Ulrich Fiedler (neutral) is the mayor of Metzingen with 93% of all votes in the second voting. Metzingen"
"was forced to close its gates in 2008 due to a lack of orders. After finding an original Balthasar Merz beim Schwanen Henley shirt at a flea market in Berlin, menswear designer Peter Plotnicki and his wife Gitta teamed up with one of the last remaining textile factories in Albstadt, a small town on the Swabian Jura. After reevaluating the traditional way of production by using the same old loopwheelers and receiving the rights to utilize the name ""Merz b. Schwanen"" from descendants of Balthasar Merz, the brand made was relaunched in 2011. The first Menswear collection was shown at"
"the Wehrmacht. In September 1929 Rudolph Karstadt opened a Karstadt department store in Celle town centre, the façade of which was identical with that of the Karstadt store on Berlin's Hermannplatz. The Celle branch was demolished in the 1960s and replaced by a controversial new building, whose aluminium braced facade was meant to represent Celle's timber framed houses. During Kristallnacht, the anti-Jewish pogrom in Nazi Germany on 9/10 November 1938, the synagogue in Celle was only saved from complete destruction because there would have been a risk to the adjacent leather factory and other parts of the historic ""Altstadt"". On"
"to include such features used by other ""Freikorps"" formation such as high boots, daggers, and the kepi hat. The 8-man ""Stabswache"" (""staff guard""), Hitler's bodyguard, soon renamed the ""Stosstrupp"" (""shock troop""), also adopted in May 1923 the skull and oak leaf as a means of insignia, both of which were already deeply rooted in European military history. In 1924, while the Nazi Party was legally banned following the Beer Hall Putsch, ""Frontbann"" (underground SA) leader Gerhard Roßbach located a large store of war-surplus brown denim shirts in Austria, originally intended for tropical uniforms. When the SA (which included the nascent"
"Nathan Israel Department Store The Nathan Israel Department Store (German: Kaufhaus Nathan Israel or Kaufhaus N. Israel) was a department store in Berlin. The business was started in 1815 by Nathan Israel as a small second-hand store in the Molkenmarkt. By 1925, it employed over 2,000 people and was a member of the Berlin Stock Exchange, and in the 1930s was one of the largest retail establishments in Europe. Because it was owned by Jews, the store was boycotted by the German government when the Nazi Party came to power in 1933. It was ransacked during the Kristallnacht in 1938"
"younger boys aged 10 to 14, and the League of German Girls (""Bund Deutsche Mädel"" or ""BDM""). With the surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945, the organisation ""de facto"" ceased to exist. On 10 October 1945, the Hitler Youth and its subordinate units were outlawed by the Allied Control Council along with other Nazi Party organisations. Under Section 86 of the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Hitler Youth is an ""unconstitutional organisation"" and the distribution or public use of its symbols, except for educational or research purposes, is illegal. In 1922, the Munich-based Nazi Party established"
"and that the Nazis were not the only ones to use swastikas as a symbol. Campbell began wearing a Nazi uniform in June 2012, when he founded the Hitler's Order. Campbell's landlord described the family as clean and non-destructive. Hitler had nine children with five women. One of his wives was Cathy Bowlby, who claimed Campbell beat her repeatedly and wanted to name his first-born son Lucifer until she convinced him to name him Heath. His third wife was Deborah Campbell (birth name Deborah Lynn McCollum). According to a birth certificate, Adolf Hitler Campbell was born to them at 6:20"
"renowned as a key manufacturer of hats. In 1921 the two biggest hat ateliers, Herrmann and Steinberg, merged and set up their factory on an industrial estate in Luckenwalde. The factory was designed by German architect Erich Mendelsohn in 1923, the factory is considered a milestone of Expressionist architecture. The hat factory fell into disrepair during and after the war period and was restored in 2001, but as of 2013 the building remains empty. During World War II, there was a Stalag for prisoners of war (Stalag IIIa). There was also a work camp for civilians. The Nazis forced people"
"magazine, participated as a model in a Strellson advertising campaign. A hooded jacket made by Strellson caused headlines in the British press in 2008 because it included a Swiss Army-style knife attached by a chain in a pocket. As the sale of knives to minors is illegal in Britain, retailers were forced to withdraw the product. 2008 a Strellson Sportswear monostore in Berlin, Germany and a Strellson monostore in Berne, Switzerland opened. The Luxess GmbH in Ratingen, Germany received a Strellson Eyewear licence. Moreover, the Joop GmbH obtained full ownership of the Strellson AG. In 2009 the Pop Art artist"