Which leader was born in present-day Hungary in about 406AD, murdered his co-ruler and brother, Bleda, in 445 and died on his wedding night in 453AD?
"Bleda Bleda () was a Hunnic ruler, the brother of Attila the Hun. As nephews to Rugila, Attila and his elder brother Bleda succeeded him to the throne. Bleda's reign lasted for eleven years until his death. While it has been speculated by Jordanes that Attila murdered him on a hunting trip, it is unknown exactly how he died. However, there is an alternative theory that Bleda attempted to kill Attila on a hunting trip, but Attila being a skilled warrior defeated Bleda. One of the few things known about Bleda is that, after the great Hun campaign of 441,"
"only mention another Hungarian leader, Kurszán. According to Kristó and other historians, these sources suggest that Kurszán must have been the ""gyula"" commanding the Hungarian forces, while Árpád succeeded his murdered father as the sacred ""kende"". Proposing a contrasting theory, the Romanian historian Curta wrote that Kurszán was the ""kende"" and Árpád ""gyula"" only succeeded him when Kurszán was murdered by Bavarians in 902 or 904. In contrast to nearly contemporaneous sources, Hungarian chronicles written centuries after the eventsfor instance, the ""Gesta Hungarorum"" and the ""Illuminated Chronicle""emphasize Árpád's pre-eminent role in the conquest of the Carpathian Basin. The ""Gesta Hungarorum"""
"Bleda died in 445, and Attila became the sole ruler of the Huns. In 447, Attila invaded the Balkans and Thrace. The war came to an end in 449 with an agreement in which the Romans agreed to pay Attila an annual tribute of 2100 pounds of gold. Throughout their raids on the Eastern Roman Empire, the Huns had maintained good relations with the Western Empire. However, in Honoria, sister of the Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III, sent Attila a ring and requested his help to escape her betrothal to a senator. Attila claimed her as his bride and half"
"Ellac Ellac (died in 454 AD) was the oldest son of Attila (434–453) and Kreka. After Attila's death in 453 AD, his Empire crumbled and its remains were ruled by his three sons, Ellac, Dengizich and Ernak. He ruled shortly, and died at the Battle of Nedao in 454 AD. Ellac was succeeded by brothers Dengizich and Ernak. In 448 or 449 AD, as Priscus recounts """"Onegesius along with the eldest of Attila's children, had been sent to the Akateri, a Scythian [Hunnic] people, whom he was bringing into an alliance with Attila"""". As the Akatziroi tribes and clans were"
"his brother, King Andrew I of Hungary. The ""Illuminated Chronicle"" mentions that Andrew's son, Solomon, ""was anointed king with the consent of Duke Bela and his sons Geysa and Ladislaus"" in 1057 or 1058. Béla, who had been Andrew's heir before Solomon's coronation, left for Poland in 1059; his sons accompanied him. They returned with Polish reinforcements and began a rebellion against Andrew. After defeating Andrew, Béla was crowned king on 6 December 1060. Solomon left the country, taking refuge in the Holy Roman Empire. Béla I died on 11 September 1063, some time before German troops entered Hungary in"
"Ernye Ákos Ernye from the kindred Ákos (""Erne""; ; died after January 1275) was a Hungarian baron and landowner. He is best known for saving the life of king Béla IV after the disastrous Battle of Mohi in 1241. He was born into the Ernye branch of the ""gens"" (clan) Ákos as the son of Erdő; he had two brothers, Albert the Great, who served as master of the horse (1270–1272), ban of Severin (1272), and Erdő II, ispán (""count"") of Tolna (1272) and Trencsén Counties (1274). Ernye's only son from his unidentified wife was Stephen, palatine of Hungary (1301–1307)"
"Third Crusade, and the death of the German emperor, Béla III ordered Géza and his men to return to Hungary, but the Prince and his guard decided to remain in the Holy Land. It is known that Géza took a Byzantine noblewoman as wife between 1190 and 1191. Historians estimate that Géza died about 1210 because that was the last time he was mentioned by medieval chronicles. Géza, son of Géza II of Hungary Géza (1150s–1210) was a Hungarian royal prince and the youngest son of the King Géza II of Hungary. Prince Géza was brother to the Kings Stephen"
"Attila Attila (; fl. c. 406–453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453. He was also the leader of a tribal empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, and Alans among others, in Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, he was one of the most feared enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empires. He crossed the Danube twice and plundered the Balkans, but was unable to take Constantinople. His unsuccessful campaign in Persia was followed in 441 by an invasion of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, the success"
"of the country"" during his over three-decade-long reign. Béla's posthumous epithetthe ""second founder of the state"" ()shows that posterity attributed to him Hungary's survival of the Mongol invasion. On the other hand, the ""Illuminated Chronicle"" notes that Béla ""was a man of peace, but in the conduct of armies and battles the least fortunate"" when narrating Béla's defeat in the Battle of Kressenbrunn. The same chronicle preserved the next epigram which was written on his tomb: Béla IV of Hungary Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270), also known as Béla the Great, was King of Hungary and Croatia between"
"the Turks campaigned in Albania against Skanderbeg’s rebels, but operations were cut short by news of a new crusader invasion led by Hunyadi. The crusaders, joined by troops sent by Skanderbeg and Voivode Vladislav II (1447–56), Hunyadi’s Wallachian vassal met the Ottoman army in October 1448 at Kosovo Polje but were defeated. Hunyadi secured victory at the Battle of Belgrade in 1456, where his much smaller army defeated Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II, securing Hungary’s southern border. However, Hunyadi died of the plague in his camp shortly after the battle. His son, Matthias Corvinus would become king of Hungary in 1458."
"Árpád Árpád (; 845 – 907) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. He might have been either the sacred ruler or ""kende"" of the Hungarians, or their military leader or ""gyula"", although most details of his life are debated by historians, because different sources contain contradictory information. Despite this, many Hungarians refer to him as the ""founder of our country"", and Árpád's preeminent role in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin has been emphasized by some later chronicles. The dynasty descending from Árpád ruled the Kingdom"
"the protagonist of a popular Hungarian opera, ""Hunyadi László"" by Ferenc Erkel. Ladislaus Hunyadi László Hunyadi or Ladislaus Hunyadi (1431 – March 16, 1457) was a Hungarian statesman. Ladislaus Hunyadi was the elder of the two sons of John Hunyadi, voivode of Transylvania and later regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, and Elizabeth Szilágyi. He was the older brother of Matthias Hunyadi, who would later become the king of Hungary. At a very early age he accompanied his father in his campaigns. After the Battle of Kosovo (1448) he was left for a time, as a hostage for his father,"
"was presumably built by Ernye Ákos after the Mongol invasion. Ernye Ákos Ernye from the kindred Ákos (""Erne""; ; died after January 1275) was a Hungarian baron and landowner. He is best known for saving the life of king Béla IV after the disastrous Battle of Mohi in 1241. He was born into the Ernye branch of the ""gens"" (clan) Ákos as the son of Erdő; he had two brothers, Albert the Great, who served as master of the horse (1270–1272), ban of Severin (1272), and Erdő II, ispán (""count"") of Tolna (1272) and Trencsén Counties (1274). Ernye's only son"
"of King Béla IV of Hungary and his wife, Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris, Emperor of Nicaea. He was born in 1239. Archbishop Robert of Esztergom baptised him on 18 October. The child, heir apparent from birth, was named after Saint Stephen, the first King of Hungary. Béla and his family, including Stephen, fled to Zagreb after the Mongols had annihilated the royal army in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241. The Mongols crossed the frozen Danube in February 1242 and the royal family ran off as far as the well-fortified Dalmatian town of Trogir. The"
"which András and Levente initially supported. During this rebellion, a pagan noble named Vata (or Vatha) gained power over a group of rebels who wished to abolish Christian rule and revert to paganism. According to legend Vata shaved his head in the pagan fashion, leaving three braids remaining, and declared war on the Christians. A slaughter of priests and Christians by Vata's mob ensued. King Peter is said to have fled towards Székesfehérvár, where he was killed by the rebellious townspeople, and András, as the oldest brother, pronounced himself king. As András and Levente's men moved towards Pest, the bishops"
"have involved the Romans handing over some territory to the Huns on the Sava River and may also have been when Attila was made ""magister militum"" to draw a salary. Bleda died some time between 442 and 447, with the most likely years being 444 or 445. He appears to have been murdered by Attila. Following Bleda's death, a tribe known as the Akatziri either rebelled against Attila or had never been under Attila's rule. Kim suggests that they rebelled specifically because of Bleda's death, as they were more likely to have been under Bleda's control than Attila's. The rebellion"
"Béla's ancestors and some of his relatives who are mentioned in the article. ""*Whether Géza's first or second wife was his children's mother is uncertain."" Béla II of Hungary Béla the Blind (; ; ; 1109 – 13 February 1141) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1131. He was blinded along with his rebellious father Álmos on the order of Álmos's brother, King Coloman of Hungary. Béla grew up in monasteries during the reign of Coloman's son Stephen II. The childless king arranged Béla's marriage with Helena of Rascia, who would become her husband's co-ruler throughout his reign. Béla"
"Álmos Álmos (), also Almos or Almus, (c. 820c. 895) wasaccording to the uniform account of Hungarian chroniclesthe first head of the ""loose federation"" of the Hungarian tribes from around 850. Whether he was the sacred ruler (""kende"") of the Hungarians, or their military leader ""(gyula)"" is subject to scholarly debate. He apparently accepted the Khazar khagan's suzerainty in the first decade of his reign, but the Hungarians acted independently of the Khazars from around 860. The 14th-century ""Illuminated Chronicle"" narrates that he was murdered in Transylvania at the beginning of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin around 895."
"to an other theory, also proposed by Kristó, Zerind may have been Grand Prince of the Hungarians for a while. The date of Zerind's death is unknown. Historian Gusztáv Heckenast says that he died around 967. György Szabados writes that Zerind may have been murdered by Grand Prince Géza, because medieval legends emphasized that Géza was a cruel ruler. Zerind the Bald Zerind the Bald (; ) was a Hungarian lord in the 10th century. According to modern scholars' consensus, he was a member of the royal Árpád dynasty. He was the father of Koppány, the late 10th-century rebellious Duke"
"Kende The kende (or kündü) was one of the kings of the dual-monarchy of the early Hungarians along with the ""gyula"" or war-chief. The function of the ""kende"" is believed to have been a religious one (""sacral prince""). At the time of the Magyar migration to Pannonia, the ""kende"" was named Kurszán. Upon Kurszán's death in a raid in approximately 904 CE, the office was taken up by the ""gyula"" Árpád, creating a single-head monarchy for Hungary. Though there are some scholars (for example Gyula Kristó) who believe that Árpád was the ""kende"", who later took up the functions of"
"Béla IV of Hungary Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270), also known as Béla the Great, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. Being the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, Béla was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married"
"Bors was identical with Boris Kalamanos, but this theory has never been widely accepted. Stephen II died on 1 March 1131 and his cousin, Béla the Blind, succeeded him. At an assembly in Arad, the new king's wife, Helena of Rascia, ordered the massacre of all Hungarian lords whom she suspected of having been opposed to her husband's ascension. After Stephen II's death, Boris ""laid claim to his father's kingdom"" and went to the Byzantine Empire, according to the contemporaneous Otto of Freising. The Byzantine historian John Kinnamos said that Emperor John II Komnenos ""accorded [Boris] sufficient honor and united"
"to attack some tribes whom he considered under his authority but who had fled into Roman territory; however, he died after the beginning of this campaign and the Huns left Roman territory. After Ruga's death, his nephews Attila and Bleda became the rulers of the Huns: Bleda appears to have ruled in the eastern portion of the empire, while Attila ruled the west. Kim believes that Bleda was the supreme king of the two. In 435, Bleda and Attila forced the Eastern Roman Empire to sign the Treaty of Margus, giving the Huns trade rights and increasing the annual tribute"
"Stephen IV of Hungary Stephen IV (, , ; 113311 April 1165) was King of Hungary and Croatia, ascending to the throne between 1163 and 1165, when he usurped the crown of his nephew, Stephen III. He was the third son of Béla II of Hungary, and when his conspiracy against his brother failed, Géza II, he was exiled from Hungary in the summer of 1157. He first sought refuge in the Holy Roman Empire, but received no support from Emperor Frederick I. Shortly afterwards he moved to the Byzantine Empire, where he married a niece of Emperor Manuel I"
"of the Hungarians or ""gyula"". The earliest reliable source of Árpád's life is an early 10th-century document, the ""Continuation of the Chronicle by George the Monk"". It narrates that the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912) sent his envoy Nicetas Sclerus to the Hungarians in 894 or 895 ""to give presents"" and incite them against the Bulgarian Empire. Sclerus met with their two leaders, Árpád and Kurszán, at the Lower Danube. Sclerus's mission succeeded: a Hungarian army soon crossed the Danube on Byzantine ships against Bulgaria. An interpolation in Porphyrogenitus's text suggests that the invading Hungarians were under"
"Windows series of stamps issued by Hungary on 15 November 1972 includes a Prince Árpád’s Messenger by the artist Jenó Percz stamp. <Ref: colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/175549-Messenger_of_Árpád_by_Jenő_Percz-Stained-glass_Windows-Hungary> A Cinderella stamp/ Christmas seal was brought up in Hungary on the Árpád Day 1973. <Ref: A stampsandstuff.net/photos/1650284755.jpg> Árpád Árpád (; 845 – 907) was the head of the confederation of the Hungarian tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. He might have been either the sacred ruler or ""kende"" of the Hungarians, or their military leader or ""gyula"", although most details of his life are debated by historians, because different sources contain"
"was actively encouraged by the Romans, who sent gifts to the Akatziri; however, the Romans offended the supreme chief, Buridach, by giving him gifts second rather than first. He subsequently appealed to Attila for help against the other rebellious leaders. Attila's forces then defeated the tribe after several battles: Buridach was allowed to rule his own tribe, but Attila placed his son Ellac in command of the remaining Akatziri. Maenchen-Helfen argues that the Huns likely fought a war against the Longobards, living in modern Moravia, in 446, in which the Longobards successfully resisted Hunnic domination. Some time after Bleda's death,"
"one of Béla's daughters, Anna. Béla supported his son-in-law to invade Halych in 1245, but Rostislav's opponent, Daniil Romanovich repulsed their attack. On 21 August 1245 Pope Innocent IV freed Béla of the oath of fidelity he had taken to Emperor Frederick during the Mongol invasion. In the following year Duke Frederick II of Austria invaded Hungary. He routed Béla's army in the Battle of the Leitha River on 15 June 1246, but perished in the battlefield. His childless death gave rise to a series of conflicts, because both his niece, Gertrude, and his sister, Margaret, made a claim to"
"Béla II of Hungary Béla the Blind (; ; ; 1109 – 13 February 1141) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1131. He was blinded along with his rebellious father Álmos on the order of Álmos's brother, King Coloman of Hungary. Béla grew up in monasteries during the reign of Coloman's son Stephen II. The childless king arranged Béla's marriage with Helena of Rascia, who would become her husband's co-ruler throughout his reign. Béla was crowned king at least two months after the death of Stephen II, implying that his accession to the throne did not happen without opposition."
"Géza, son of Géza II of Hungary Géza (1150s–1210) was a Hungarian royal prince and the youngest son of the King Géza II of Hungary. Prince Géza was brother to the Kings Stephen III and Béla III of Hungary. He traveled to the Holy Land during the Third Crusade with an army of 2,000 Hungarian warriors. Prince Géza was born in the early 1150s, the third son of King Géza II of Hungary and his wife, Princess Euphrosyne of Kiev. After King Géza II died, there were several conflicts over the royal succession. Two brothers of King Géza II briefly"
"Amadeus Aba Amadeus Aba or Amade Aba (; ? – 5 September 1311) was a Hungarian oligarch in the Kingdom of Hungary who ruled ""de facto"" independently the northern and north-eastern counties of the kingdom (today parts of Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine). He held the office of Palatine ""(nádor)"" several times (1288–1289, 1290–1291, 1291–1293, 1295–1296, 1297–1298, 1299–1300, 1302–1310), and he was also judge royal ""(országbíró)"" twice (1283–1285, 1289). He was assassinated at the south gate in the city of Kassa by Saxon burghers. He was born as the son of David I, a member of the ""genus"" (clan) Aba, who"
"Béla I of Hungary Béla I the Champion or the Wisent (, ; – 11 September 1063) was King of Hungary from 1060 until his death. He descended from a younger branch of the Árpád dynasty. Béla's baptismal name was Adalbert. He left Hungary in 1031, together with his brothers, Levente and Andrew, after the execution of their father, Vazul. Béla settled in Poland and married Richeza (or Adelaide), daughter of King Mieszko II of Poland. He returned to his homeland upon the invitation of his brother Andrew, who had in the meantime been crowned King of Hungary. Andrew assigned"
"George of Poděbrady George of Kunštát and Poděbrady (23 April 1420 – 22 March 1471), also known as Poděbrad or Podiebrad (; ), was King of Bohemia (1458–1471). He was a leader of the Hussites. He is known for his idea and attempt to establish common European institutions. It is seen as the first historical vision of European unity. George was the son of Victor of Munsterberg, a Bohemian nobleman, one of the leaders of the Utraquists, the more moderate faction of the Hussites during the Hussite Wars. At the age of fourteen, George himself took part in the Battle"