Which 1961 book by Frantz Fanon was described by Time magazine as 'this is not so much a book as a rock thrown through the windows of the West. It is the Communist Manifesto or the Mein Kampf of the anticolonial revolution ...'?
"of skewed rationality and reason in contemporary discourses on the human being. Fanon published numerous books, including ""The Wretched of the Earth"" (1961). This influential work focuses on what he believes is the necessary role of violence by activists in conducting decolonization struggles. Frantz Fanon was born on the Caribbean island of Martinique, which was then a French colony and is now a French département. His father, Félix Casimir Fanon, was a descendant of African slaves and indentured Indians and worked as a customs agent. His mother, Eléanore Médélice, was of black Martinician and white Alsatian descent and worked as"
"(French: ""Les Damnés de la Terre),"" published in 1961, Fanon used psychiatry to analyze how French colonization and the carnage of the Algerian War had mentally affected Algerians' self-identity and mental health. The book argues that during the period of colonization there was a subtle and constant mental pathology that developed within the colonial psyche. Fanon argued that the colonial psyche is fractured by the lack of mental and material homogeneity as a result of the colonial power's Western culture being pressured onto the colonized population despite the existing material differences between them. Here Fanon expands traditional Marxist understandings of"
"Frantz Fanon, une vie, un combat, une œuvre Frantz Fanon, une vie, un combat, une œuvre is a 2001 documentary film. This movie depicts Frantz Fanon's life. A psychiatrist from Martinique, he became a spokesman for the anti-colonialist struggle. In 1952, Frantz Fanon wrote ""Black Skin, White Masks"", an analysis of racism and the ways in which its victims internalize it. In the 50s, he aided the rebels of the Algerian anti-colonial war. Expelled from Algeria in 1956, he moved to Tunis, Tunisia, where he wrote for the rebel newspaper ""El Moudjahid"", founded one of Africa's first psychiatric clinics and"
"struggles for cultural and political autonomy. Contemporary theorists of nationalism and of anti-colonialism, of liberation theology and of cultural studies, have preferred Frantz Fanon's later culturally and politically revolutionary works, such as ""The Wretched of the Earth"" (1962). Nevertheless, ""Black Skin, White Masks"" continues to generate debate. In 2015, leading African studies scholar Lewis R. Gordon published a book titled ""What Fanon Said: A Philosophical Introduction To His Life And Thought."" Anthony Elliott writes that ""Black Skin, White Masks"" is a ""seminal"" work. Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin, White Masks () is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon, a"
"A Dying Colonialism A Dying Colonialism () is a 1959 book by Frantz Fanon, in which Fanon provides an account of the Algerian War. The book details cultural and political changes that emerge due to the rejection of French colonial oppression by the Algerian. Issues discussed include the role of women in the liberation struggle, changes to family life, the role of the radio and medicine both as tools of oppression and complicity on one hand as well as tools of freedom and liberation, and Algeria's European minority and their role as potential allies in the conflict. The book was"
"in mass-movements in the third-world area. Gordon was attracted by teachings of the prominent figure in anti-colonial and national liberation movement of 1960s, Frantz Fanon. As a result, he wrote a book that presented to Russian-speaking community the new wave of revolutionary thinking. The book on Fanon became a hit in left-leaning circles of young Soviet intelligentsia. Under the guise of extolling anti-colonial marxist hero, this book introduced into Soviet ideological landscape fresh new left ideas, adding more cracks to already damaged, after Khrushchev Thaw, ideological armor of Party hardliners. Turning to studying Third-world mass-movements did not mean, though, that"
"originally published in France by Maspero as ""L'An V de la Révolution Algérienne"" (""Year Five of the Algerian Revolution""). It was translated into English in 1965 and published by Monthly Review under the title ""Studies In A Dying Colonialism"", which was shortened to ""A Dying Colonialism"" when appearing as a mass-market paperback by Grove Press in 1967. A Dying Colonialism A Dying Colonialism () is a 1959 book by Frantz Fanon, in which Fanon provides an account of the Algerian War. The book details cultural and political changes that emerge due to the rejection of French colonial oppression by the"
"wrote several books on decolonization. He died from leukemia in Washington, D.C., at the age of 36. Frantz Fanon, une vie, un combat, une œuvre Frantz Fanon, une vie, un combat, une œuvre is a 2001 documentary film. This movie depicts Frantz Fanon's life. A psychiatrist from Martinique, he became a spokesman for the anti-colonialist struggle. In 1952, Frantz Fanon wrote ""Black Skin, White Masks"", an analysis of racism and the ways in which its victims internalize it. In the 50s, he aided the rebels of the Algerian anti-colonial war. Expelled from Algeria in 1956, he moved to Tunis, Tunisia,"
"Frantz Fanon Frantz Fanon (; 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961) was a psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and writer from the French colony of Martinique, whose works are influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory, and Marxism. As well as being an intellectual, Fanon was a political radical, Pan-Africanist, and Marxist humanist concerned with the psychopathology of colonization, and the human, social, and cultural consequences of decolonization. In the course of his work as a physician and psychiatrist, Fanon supported the Algerian War of Independence from France, and was a member of the Algerian National Liberation Front. For"
"dismantle institutional racism. While in France, Frantz Fanon wrote his first book, ""Black Skin, White Masks,"" an analysis of the impact of colonial subjugation on the African psyche. This book was a very personal account of Fanon’s experience being black: as a man, an intellectual, and a party to a French education. Although Fanon wrote the book while still in France, most of his other work was written while in North Africa (in particular Algeria). It was during this time that he produced ""The Wretched of the Earth"" where Fanon analyzes the role of class, race, national culture and violence"
"focused on the Algerian War from an anti-colonialist perspective, and on contestation of the French Communist Party's unreformed Stalinism. Maspero published Frantz Fanon's ""The Wretched of the Earth"" (1961), censored by the French authorities, with a preface by Jean-Paul Sartre, as well as Fanon's ""L'An V de la Révolution algérienne"". Maspero published other testimonies on Algeria, including investigations of the use of torture by the French Army, also censored. Besides facing lawsuits as a result of his courageous publishing decisions, Maspero was also the target of bomb attacks. He republished Paul Nizan's ""Les Chiens de garde"" and ""Aden Arabie"", also"
"Milton’s republicanism, Warren continues, served as ""a useful, if unlikely, bridge"" as Marx and Engels sought to forge a revolutionary international coalition. The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet by the German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London (in German as ""Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei"") just as the revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the ""Manifesto"" was later recognised as one of the world's most influential political documents. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present)"
"The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto (originally Manifesto of the Communist Party) is an 1848 political pamphlet by the German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London (in German as ""Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei"") just as the revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the ""Manifesto"" was later recognised as one of the world's most influential political documents. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present) and the conflicts of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms. ""The Communist"
"widespread mental health issues in populations that have experienced colonization. Notable Marxist influences on the postcolonial concept of colonial mentality include Frantz Fanon's works on the fracturing of the colonial psyche through Western cultural domination, as well as the concept of cultural hegemony developed by Italian Communist Party Founder Antonio Gramsci. Frantz Fanon's Marxist writings on imperialism, racism, and decolonizing struggles have influenced post-colonial discussions about the internalization of colonial prejudice. Fanon first tackled the problem of, what he called, the ""colonial alienation of the person"" as a mental health issue through psychiatric analysis. In ""The Wretched of the Earth"""
"in the struggle for decolonization. In this work, Fanon expounded his views on the liberating role of violence for the colonized, as well as the general necessity of violence in the anti-colonial struggle. Both books established Fanon in the eyes of much of the Third World as one of the leading anti-colonial thinkers of the 20th century. In 1959 he compiled his essays on Algeria in a book called ""L'An Cinq: De la Révolution Algérienne"". Norm R. Allen, Jr., former director of African Americans for Humanism, calls black nationalism a ""strange mixture of profound thought and patent nonsense"". On the"
"aspects of the violence and response to violence necessary for total decolonization. He also offers cautions about several different approaches to that violence. In the essay, ""On National Culture"" published in ""The Wretched of the Earth"", Fanon sets out to define how a national culture can emerge among the formerly and, at the time of its release in 1961, still-colonized nations of Africa. Rather than depending on an orientalized, fetishized understanding of precolonial history, Fanon argues a national culture should be built on the material resistance of a people against colonial domination. Fanon narrates the essay with reference to what"
"It is considered an important anti-colonial, anti-racist, and Afro-pessimist work in Anglophone countries. But in Francophone countries, the book is ranked as a relatively minor Fanon work in comparison to his later, more radical works. The topic is explicitly connected culturally to the societies of the ethnic African and other peoples of color living within the French Colonial Empire (1534–1980). The psychological and psychiatric insights remain valid, especially as applied by peoples of diverse colonial and imperial histories, such as the Palestinians in the Middle East, the Tamils in Sri Lanka, and African Americans in the US, in their contemporary"
"socialism, democracy and anti-clericalism became features of the French Left. After Napoleon III's 1851 coup and the subsequent establishment of the Second Empire, Marxism began to rival radical republicanism and utopian socialism as a force within left-wing politics. The influential ""Communist Manifesto"" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, published in 1848, asserted that all human history is the history of class struggle. They predicted that a proletarian revolution would eventually overthrow bourgeois capitalism and create a classless, stateless, post-monetary communist society. It was in this period that the word ""wing"" was appended to both Left and Right. In the United"
"from the crisis of German culture following Germany's defeat in World War I, comparable in this respect to the philosopher Ernst Bloch's ""The Spirit of Utopia"" (1918), the historian Oswald Spengler's ""The Decline of the West"" (1918), the theologian Franz Rosenzweig's ""The Star of Redemption"" (1921), and the theologian Karl Barth's ""The Epistle to the Romans"" (1922). While Hitler was in power (1933–1945), ""Mein Kampf"" came to be available in three common editions. The first, the ""Volksausgabe"" or People's Edition, featured the original cover on the dust jacket and was navy blue underneath with a gold swastika eagle embossed on"
"(1900-1959), and to the African that must be ‘. 1964 – Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for Decolonisation 1965 – Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism (This book is dedicated to the Freedom Fighters of Africa living and dead). 1966 – Challenge of the Congo: A Case Study of Foreign pressures in an Independence State ‘A Ahmed Sekou Toure Mon Frere de Combat Au Bureau Politique national du Parti Democratique de Guinee, et au Vaillant Peuples de Guinee, Aux Peuples Africains et aux Courageux Militants pour la Cause Secree du progress African dans la Liberte et La Liberte et l’Unite du"
"Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin, White Masks () is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and intellectual from Martinique. The book is written in the style of auto-theory, in which Fanon shares his own experiences in addition to presenting a historical critique of the effects of racism and dehumanization, inherent in situations of colonial domination, on the human psyche. ""Black Skin, White Masks"" applies historical interpretation, and the concomitant underlying social indictment, to understand the complex ways in which identity, particularly Blackness is constructed and produced. In the book, he applies psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain"
"African regions. Further, the Conference espoused a common African Nationalist identity, among the States, of unity and anti-Imperialism. Frantz Fanon, journalist, freedom fighter and a member of the Algerian FLN party attended the conference as a delegate for Algeria. Considering the armed struggle of the FLN against French colonial rule, the attendees of the Conference agreed to support the struggle of those States under colonial oppression. This encouraged the commitment of direct involvement in the ""emancipation of the Continent; thus, a fight against colonial pressures on South Africa was declared and the full support of the FLN struggle in Algeria,"
"Frantz Fanon on the Algerian conflict became hugely influential on later African conflicts. These conflicts benefited from internal ideological and organizational cohesion, sympathetic diplomatic backing in global forums, some financial backing (in particular from the Nordic states) and military training and supplies from the Soviet bloc. Two national liberation movements that became violent and were unsuccessful in that they did not lead to ""de facto"" capitulation and independence were the Mau Mau Uprising (1952–1960). Colonial security forces were reinforced by regular troops from the metropolitan power and the insurgent groups were hampered by a lack of military equipment and training,"
"in East Germany on June 17, 1953. Though the novel clearly shows the author's conviction that Capitalism always ends up in Fascism and therefore Communism is the only chance for mankind, the preprinted chapters of the book were heavily criticized by the 11th plenum of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany as defaming the working class and the Soviet Union. In contrast to official propaganda, Bräunig portrayed the Wismut miners not as a kind of working-class elite, but as ordinary people struggling to make a living after World War II, spending their spare time in pubs"
"applied that introduction in ""Colonialism and Neocolonialism"" (1964), a politico–philosophic critique of France's Algerian colonialism. The political focus derives from the first chapter of the book, “Concerning Violence”, wherein Fanon indicts colonialism and its post-colonial legacies, for which violence is a means of catharsis and liberation from being a colonial subject. In the foreword to the 2004 edition of ""The Wretched of the Earth"" (1961), Homi K. Bhabha criticized Sartre's introduction, stating that it limits the reader's approach to the book to focus on its promotion of violent resistance to oppression. After 1967 the introduction by Sartre was removed from"
"with the French ended. In 1962 Ouzegane published the work ""Le meilleur combat"" ('The Better Struggle'), written during his incarceration in the Fresnes Prison. ""Le meilleur combat"" is a detailed review of his break with communism and adoption of a nationalist political line. Ouzegane argued in favour of fusing socialist and Islamic thinking, stating that ...the incompatibility of Islam and socialism is a false image of Marxist theory. Their coexistence reflects a socio-economic reality and expresses a certain relationship of forces within the underdeveloped countries. ... We need a new kind of jihad to achieve the Algerian revolution, the triumph"
"some historians he is considered a revisionist. One of his more famous books is ""Spanish Civil War, The Soviet Union and Communism"", which analyzes Joseph Stalin and the Soviet government's intervention in Spain. He also wrote ""The Franco Regime"", ""The Spanish Civil War"" and ""A History of Fascism 1914-1945"". Payne uses a lengthy itemized list of characteristics to identify fascism, including the creation of an authoritarian state; a regulated, state-integrated economic sector; fascist symbolism; anti-liberalism; anti-communism, and anti-conservatism. He sees elimination of the autonomy or, in some cases, complete existence of large-scale capitalism as the common aim of all fascist"
"wrote the ideological essence of colonialism is the systematic denial of ""all attributes of humanity"" of the colonized people. Such dehumanization is achieved with physical and mental violence, by which the colonist means to inculcate a servile mentality upon the natives. For Fanon the natives must violently resist colonial subjugation. Hence, Fanon describes violent resistance to colonialism as a mentally cathartic practice, which purges colonial servility from the native psyche, and restores self-respect to the subjugated. Thus, Fanon actively supported and participated in the Algerian Revolution (1954–62) for independence from France as a member and representative of the ""Front de"
"the works of the iconic, anti-colonial writer of Algeria, Frantz Fanon. The United States of America, the other major victor and power following the war, also articulated a stance against the continued existence of colonies, despite remaining in alliance with European colonial states. Yet within several years of the war's end, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt had become independent, as had India and Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, and the Philippines. In 1945 the Arab League was formed in Cairo which soon included Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yeman. Soon the Destour's Habib Bourguiba secretly traveled to"
"post at the Party Academy Lindau became an expert researcher at the of the Party Central Committee. In 1960 Lindau published a new book, entitled ""Revolutionäre Kämpfe 1918/19"", which drew criticism from those around the leader. In his book he identified the German Revolution of 1918–19 as a Socialist revolution. The party line was that it had been a Middle-class revolution. The matter was evidently not merely one of semantics, but he refused the invitation to indulge in self-criticism, and struck stubbornly to his own interpretation, in contrast to other East German historians when confronted with these interpretational dilemmas. Lindau"
"educationist Paulo Freire, as well. Fanon has also profoundly affected contemporary African literature. His work serves as an important theoretical gloss for writers including Ghana's Ayi Kwei Armah, Senegal's Ken Bugul and Ousmane Sembène, Zimbabwe's Tsitsi Dangarembga, and Kenya's Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. Ngũgĩ goes so far to argue in ""Decolonizing the Mind"" (1992) that it is ""impossible to understand what informs African writing"" without reading Fanon's ""Wretched of the Earth"". The Caribbean Philosophical Association offers the Frantz Fanon Prize for work that furthers the decolonization and liberation of mankind. Fanon's writings on black sexuality in ""Black Skin, White Masks"" have"
"many revolutions. Fanon uses the Jewish people to explain how the prejudice expressed towards blacks cannot not be generalized to other races or ethnicities. He discusses this in ""Black Skins, White Masks"", and pulls from Jean-Paul Sartre's ""Reflections on the Jewish Question"" to inform his understanding of French colonialism relationship with the Jewish people and how it can be compared and contrasted with the oppressions of Blacks across the world. In his seminal book, Fanon issues many rebuttals to Octave Mannoni's ""Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonization"". Mannoni asserts that ""colonial exploitation is not the same as other forms"
"he resigned from his position at the hospital in 1956. After discontinuing his work at the French hospital, Fanon was able to devote more of his time to aiding Algeria in its fight for Independence. In ""The Wretched of the Earth"" (1961, ""Les damnés de la terre""), published shortly before Fanon's death, the writer defends the right of a colonized people to use violence to gain independence. In addition, he delineated the processes and forces leading to national independence or neocolonialism during the decolonization movement that engulfed much of the world after World War II. In defence of the use"