In the activity known as BASE jumping, for what does the E stand?
"BASE jumping BASE jumping, also sometimes written as B.A.S.E. jumping, is parachuting or wingsuit flying from a fixed structure or cliff. ""BASE"" is an acronym that stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: building, antenna, span, and earth (cliff). Due to the lower altitudes of the jumps, BASE jumping is significantly more dangerous than skydiving from a plane. In the U.S., BASE jumping is currently regarded by many as a fringe extreme sport or stunt. In some jurisdictions or locations, BASE jumping is prohibited or illegal; however, in some places it is permitted such as"
"Perrine Bridge in Twin Falls, Idaho. BASE jumping became known to the wider public through depictions in a number of action movies and being featured in the 2014 documentary ""Sunshine Superman"". The acronym ""B.A.S.E."" (now more commonly ""BASE"") was coined by filmmaker Carl Boenish, his wife Jean Boenish, Phil Smith, and Phil Mayfield. Carl Boenish was the catalyst behind modern BASE jumping, and in 1978, he filmed the first BASE jumps to be made using ram-air parachutes and the freefall tracking technique (from El Capitan in Yosemite National Park). While BASE jumps had been made prior to that time, the"
"of fixed object jumping was expanded by Carl Boenish into the concept of BASE jumping (Buildings, Antennae, Spans, and Earthen objects), including an exclusive club made up of those who made at least one jump from each of the four categories. Members of this club are awarded a number based on the date of their qualification. The sport of BASE jumping, practiced worldwide today and one of the original extreme sports, was inspired in part by Pelkey and Schubert's El Capitan jump. Pelkey and Schubert were honored as guest speakers at the 26th annual ""Bridge Day"" event in Fayetteville, West"
"score according to its base value and grade of execution (GOE). The GOE ranges from +5 to −5 and is weighted according to the jump's base value. Quality of execution, technique, height, speed, flow and ice coverage are considered by the judges. An ""under-rotated"" jump (indicated by < ) is ""missing rotation of more than ¼, but less than ½ revolution"" and receives 70% of the base value. A ""downgraded"" jump (indicated by «) is ""missing rotation of ½ revolution or more"". A triple which is downgraded is treated as a double, while a downgraded double is treated as a"
"before opening his parachute, landing on a glacier approximately two minutes later at an altitude of around 6,000 m (19,685 ft). On July 8, 2006 Captain Daniel G. Schilling set the Guinness World Record for the most BASE jumps in a twenty-four-hour period. Schilling jumped off the Perrine Bridge in Twin Falls, Idaho, a record 201 times. BASE competitions have been held since the early 1980s, with accurate landings or free fall aerobatics used as the judging criteria. Recent years have seen a formal competition held at the high Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, judged on landing accuracy. In"
"from any US territory or if launch is conducted by a U.S citizen. Launch sites, in addition to the launch vehicles that operate there, must also receive authorization from AST. The launch site regulations are contained in Part 420. In general, when licensing launch operations, AST uses a 3-pronged approach to safety: Quantitative Analysis, System Safety Process, and Operating Restrictions. AST will generally require that the operator perform what's known as an ""E Analysis."" E (""Eee-sub-cee"") is shorthand for Expected Casualty – a calculation of the probability of casualty to any and all groups of people within the maximum dispersion"
"2018 at Eikesdalen, Norway a world record was sat with 69 BASE jumpers jumping from the cliff Katthammaren. BASE jumping grew out of skydiving. BASE jumps are generally made from much lower altitudes than skydives, and a BASE jump takes place close to the object serving as the jump platform. Because BASE jumps generally entail slower airspeeds than typical skydives (due to the limited altitude), a BASE jumper does not always reach terminal velocity. Because higher airspeeds enable jumpers more aerodynamic control of their bodies, as well as more positive and quick parachute openings, the longer the delay, the better."
"than . For example, a BASE jump from a object is about 5.6 seconds from the ground if the jumper remains in free fall. On a BASE jump, the parachute must open at about half the airspeed of a similar skydive, and more quickly (in a shorter distance fallen). Standard skydiving parachute systems are not designed for this situation, so BASE jumpers often use specially designed harnesses and parachute containers, with extra large pilot chutes, and many jump with only one parachute, since there would be little time to utilize a reserve parachute. In the early days of BASE jumping,"
"the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from a maximum of 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score. In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight"
"edition, states ""Parachuting (or BASE jumping), whether from an aircraft, structure, or natural feature, is generally prohibited by 36 CFR 2.17(a)(3). However, if determined through a park planning process to be an appropriate activity, it may be allowed pursuant to the terms and conditions of a permit."" During the early days of BASE jumping, the NPS issued permits that authorized jumps from El Capitan. This program ran for three months in 1980 and then collapsed amid allegations of abuse by unauthorized jumpers. The NPS has since vigorously enforced the ban, charging jumpers with ""aerial delivery into a National Park"". One"
"displacement for jumping). Also supported are several conditional jumps, including codice_106 (jump on zero), codice_107 (jump on non-zero), codice_108 (jump on greater than, signed), codice_109 (jump on less than, signed), codice_110 (jump on above/greater than, unsigned), codice_111 (jump on below/less than, unsigned). These conditional operations are based on the state of specific bits in the (E)FLAGS register. Many arithmetic and logic operations set, clear or complement these flags depending on their result. The comparison codice_112 (compare) and codice_113 instructions set the flags as if they had performed a subtraction or a bitwise AND operation, respectively, without altering the values of"
"spread among skydivers worldwide, with hundreds of participants making fixed-object jumps. During the early eighties, nearly all BASE jumps were made using standard skydiving equipment, including two parachutes (main and reserve), and deployment components. Later on, specialized equipment and techniques were developed specifically for the unique needs of BASE jumping. Upon completing a jump from all of the four object categories, a jumper may choose to apply for a ""BASE number"", awarded sequentially. The 1000th application for a BASE number was filed in March 2005 and BASE #1000 was awarded to Matt ""Harley"" Moilanen of Grand Rapids, Michigan. , over"
"the number of elements that counted towards the D-score was lowered. The E-score (or Execution score) evaluates the performance: the execution and artistry of the routine. The D-score and E-score are added together for the gymnast's final mark. This judging system applies to all WAG and MAG events except vault. Vault scoring is somewhat different: As with other apparatus, the D-score and E-score are added together for the gymnast's final mark. There are several acts that completely invalidate the vault and result in a score of 0. These include receiving spotting (assistance) from a coach, going before the signal and"
"Phase E was a 2 km gallop in 6 minutes. The jumping phase had obstacles with a maximum height of 1.15 meters, width of 1.50 meters, and a water jump 3.5 meters wide. The 1936 Olympics produced controversial results, with the Germans winning all 6 gold medals, the only time in Olympic history where one team has made a clean sweep. One incident occurred on the cross-country course in the eventing competition, where the 4th fence, a 3 ft post-and-rail dropping into a pond, produced a great number of falls. The landing was much deeper than anticipated and the footing"
"BASE jumping is significantly more dangerous than similar sports such as skydiving from aircraft. Skydivers use the air flow to stabilize their position, allowing the parachute to deploy cleanly. BASE jumpers, falling at lower speeds, have less aerodynamic control, and may tumble. The attitude of the body at the moment of jumping determines the stability of flight in the first few seconds, before sufficient airspeed has built up to enable aerodynamic stability. On low BASE jumps, parachute deployment takes place during this early phase of flight, so if a poor ""launch"" leads into a tumble, the jumper may not be"
"Bungee jumping Bungee jumping (; also spelled bungy jumping, which is the usual spelling in New Zealand and several other countries) is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord. The tall structure is usually a fixed object, such as a building, bridge or crane; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or helicopter, that has the ability to hover above the ground. The thrill comes from the free-falling and the rebound. When the person jumps, the cord stretches and the jumper flies upwards"
"(TES). At competitions, a technical specialist identifies the elements and assigns each one a level of difficulty, ranging from B (Basic) to Level 4 (most difficult). For each element, a panel of judges determines the GOE, ranging between –5 and +5, according to how well the skater executes the element. The GOE is weighted according to the base value of the element. The ISU defines a fall as a loss of control with the result that the majority of the skater's body weight is not on the blade but supported by hands, knees, or buttocks. Jumps involve the skater leaping"
"the national societies. From the beginning the lesser badges were only recorded by local gliding associations, and their criteria varies, although they are usually integrated into organized training programs. For example, in the United States a Bronze Badge is issued for demonstrated pre-cross country flying skills beyond the C level. In Britain a pilot progresses from the B to the Bronze level and then receives an additional endorsement for cross-country training. The E badge (later called the Gold C and now usually just the Gold Badge) was established in 1935. A pilot who has completed the Gold Badge has flown"
"is still clearly specified and differs in each age category. Floor (gymnastics) In gymnastics, the floor refers to a specially prepared exercise surface, which is considered an apparatus. It is used by both male and female gymnasts. The event in gymnastics performed on floor is called floor exercise. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is FX. A spring floor is used in most competitive gymnastics to provide bounce. Cheerleading also sometimes use spring floors. The sprung floor used for indoor athletics, however, is designed to reduce bounce. The apparatus originated as a 'free exercise' for men, very"
"basis. AE-COPSD personnel must grade and certify each event. The three grades are awarded based on the number of points earned. <br> The events are: AE-COPSD Sports badge The AE-COPSD Sport badge (French, ""Brevet Sportif des Polices Européennes (B.S.P.E.)""; English, ""European Police Sports Badge"") is a decoration awarded by the European association of the Bodies and Public Organisms of Security and of Defense (French, ""Association Européenne des Membres de Corps et Organismes Publics de Sécurité et de Défense (AE-COPSD)""). To be awarded the sports badge, participants must meet the standards in their choice of event within each of the seven"
"for pilot chute assist). BASE jumping itself is generally not illegal in most places. However, in many cases such as building and antenna jumps, jumping is done covertly, because the owners of these objects are generally reluctant to allow their object to be used as a platform. Jumpers who are caught can expect to be charged with trespassing, as well as having charges like breaking and entering, reckless endangerment, vandalism, or other such charges pressed against them. In some jurisdictions it may be permissible to use land until specifically told not to. Perrine Bridge in Twin Falls, Idaho, is an"
"California, died while jumping from the New River Gorge Bridge during Bridge Day activities because his parachute opened late; he plummeted to his death in the waters below. Jumps continued after the recovery of his body. He and his friend Michael Pelkey were the first to make a BASE jump from El Capitan in Yosemite National Park in 1966. The National Park Service has the authority to ban specific activities in U.S. National Parks and has done so for BASE jumping. The authority comes from 36 CFR 2.17(3), which prohibits, ""Delivering or retrieving a person or object by parachute, helicopter,"
"marked with e and receives a –2 or –3 GOE depending on the severity of the edge fault. Jumps that are under-rotated are marked with < or « depending on the degree of turns completed on the ice instead of in mid-air. < indicates that a jump had less than a ½ turn but more than a ¼ turn completed on the ice, reducing the base value to 70% of its original value. « indicates a severe under-rotation (a ½ turn or more) and the jump is valued as if it had one less rotation (e.g. a triple would receive"
"merged two high adventure sports together—BASE jumping and big wall climbing. After ascending a large wall on vertical rock, he put a parachute on to descend down. Only a handful of people do this type of climbing, and he himself retired from it at the age of 40 due to its high risk. Emmett has appeared in more than 50 magazines that of which include Outside Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Gripped, Grip, Desnivel, GQ and others. He is a well-renowned motivational speaker for students and fellow adventure sportsmen. He has presented the Duke Of Edinburgh Award twice at St. James's Palace."
"BASE jumping when Mayfield completed each category at night, becoming Night BASE #1, with Smith qualifying a few weeks later. Fausto Veranzio is widely believed to have performed a parachute jumping experiment for real and, therefore, to be the first man to build and test a parachute: according to the story passed on, Veranzio, in 1617, then over sixty-five years old, implemented his design and tested the parachute by jumping from St Mark's Campanile in Venice. This event was documented some 30 years later in a book ""Mathematical Magick or, the Wonders that may be Performed by Mechanical Geometry"" (London,"
"Floor (gymnastics) In gymnastics, the floor refers to a specially prepared exercise surface, which is considered an apparatus. It is used by both male and female gymnasts. The event in gymnastics performed on floor is called floor exercise. The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is FX. A spring floor is used in most competitive gymnastics to provide bounce. Cheerleading also sometimes use spring floors. The sprung floor used for indoor athletics, however, is designed to reduce bounce. The apparatus originated as a 'free exercise' for men, very similar to the floor exercise of today. It wasn't until"
"in a routine (excluding Vault). The B Score (or E Score), is the score for execution, and is given for how well the skills are performed. The following disciplines are governed by FIG. Artistic Gymnastics is usually divided into Men's and Women's Gymnastics. Men compete on six events: Floor Exercise, Pommel Horse, Still Rings, Vault, Parallel Bars, and Horizontal Bar, while women compete on four: Vault, Uneven Bars, Balance Beam, and Floor Exercise. In some countries, women at one time competed on the rings, high bar, and parallel bars (for example, in the 1950s in the USSR). In 2006, FIG"
"around timed ascents, social media fame, and ""competing for deals with equipment manufacturers or advertisers"". El Capitan has a controversial history regarding BASE jumping, and the National Park Service has effectively banned the practice. Michael Pelkey and Brian Schubert made the first BASE jump from El Capitan on July 24, 1966. Both men sustained broken bones from the jump. During the 1970s and with better equipment and training, many BASE jumpers made successful and safe jumps from El Capitan. In 1980 the National Park Service experimented with issuing BASE-jumping permits. The first legal BASE jump was performed on August 4,"
"into the air and rotating rapidly to land after completing one or more rotations. There are many types of jumps, identified by the way the skater takes off and lands, as well as by the number of rotations that are completed. Each jump receives a score according to its base value and grade of execution (GOE). Quality of execution, technique, height, speed, flow and ice coverage are considered by the judges. An ""under-rotated"" jump (indicated by < ) is ""missing rotation of more than ¼, but less than ½ revolution"" and receives 70% of the base value. A ""downgraded"" jump"
"Jean Boenish, for a Guinness World Records television special hosted by David Frost and young Kathie Lee Johnson, now Kathie Lee Gifford. Jean Boenish did another jump two days after the fatal jump. Carl Boenish Carl Ronald Boenish (April 3, 1941 – July 7, 1984), considered the father of modern BASE jumping, was an American freefall cinematographer, who in 1978 filmed the first jumps from El Capitan using ram-air parachutes. These jumps were repeated, not as a publicity exercise or as a movie stunt, but as part of the development of a recurring recreational activity. This approach defined modern BASE"
"= score and rank in floor exercise, R = reserve, Q = qualified Legend: VT = score in vault, UB = score in uneven bars, BB = score in balance beam, FX = score in floor exercise Legend: W = win, L = loss Legend: Q = classified for the next round Legend: L = loss Legend: C = team captain, S = setter player, OH = outside hitter, MB = middle blocker, OP = opposite player, LI = libero, W = win, L = loss Finland at the 2017 Summer Universiade Finland participated at the 2017 Summer Universiade in"
"the ISU Judging system. All take off from a backwards entrance except the Axel: B = Backward; F = Forward; I = Inside; O = Outside; E = Edge There are also a number of other jumps which are usually performed only as single jumps and in elite skating are used as transitional movements or highlights in step sequences. None of these jumps have assigned point values under the ISU Judging System. These include: The Waltz Jump is the first jump skaters learn in their journey, after the bunny hop. It might feel scary at first since the skater has"
"Balance beam The balance beam is a cube / rectangular object an artistic gymnastics apparatus, as well as the event performed using the apparatus. Both the apparatus and the event are sometimes simply referred to as ""beam"". The English abbreviation for the event in gymnastics scoring is BB. The beam is a small, thin beam which is typically raised from the floor on a leg or stand at both ends. The balance beam is only performed by female gymnasts. Beams are usually made of leather like material. Balance beams used in international gymnastics competitions must conform to the guidelines and"