Which road tunnel, the world?s longest between 1965 and 1978, links France and Italy?
"is about southwest of the tripoint with Switzerland, near Mont Dolent. The agreement between France and Italy on building a tunnel was signed in 1949. Two operating companies were founded, each responsible for one half of the tunnel: the French ""Autoroutes et tunnel du Mont-Blanc"" (ATMB), founded on 30 April 1958, and the Italian ""Società italiana per azioni per il Traforo del Monte Bianco"" (SITMB), founded on 1 September 1957. Drilling began in 1959 and completed in 1962; the tunnel was opened to the traffic on 19 July 1965. The tunnel is in length, in width, and in height. The"
"Fréjus Road Tunnel The Fréjus Road Tunnel is a tunnel that connects France and Italy. It runs under Col du Fréjus in the Cottian Alps between Modane in France and Bardonecchia in Italy. It is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes between France and Italy being used for 80% of the commercial road traffic. Construction of the long tunnel started in 1974, and it came into service on 12 July 1980, leading to the closure of the motorail shuttle service in the Fréjus rail tunnel. It cost 2 billion francs (equivalent to €700 million at 2005 prices). It is"
"the tenth longest road tunnel in the world. The French section is managed by the French company SFTRF, and the Italian section by the Italian firm SITAF. (The French politician Pierre Dumas was chairman of SFTRF from 1962 to 1989). The tunnel can be reached from the Italian side by the A32 Torino-Bardonecchia motorway, or by SS335 from Oulx, which joins SS24 (“del Monginevro”), and reaches Bardonecchia after 20 km. From the French side, it can be reached by the A43 (‘’l’Autoroute de la Maurienne’’) from Lyon and Chambéry. A toll is charged to all traffic. Over 20 million vehicles"
"the longest road tunnel entirely on Italian territory. It is the longest tunnel in Europe with two tubes of two lanes. The highway over the mountain, which now sees little traffic, has been renamed the Grand Highway of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park to highlight its status as a scenic route. Traforo del Gran Sasso The Gran Sasso Tunnel is part of the A24 Motorway that links Rome and the Adriatic Sea via L'Aquila and Teramo, through the Apennine Mountains via the Gran Sasso in Abruzzo. There are two tunnels, each with two lanes for each"
"Traforo del Gran Sasso The Gran Sasso Tunnel is part of the A24 Motorway that links Rome and the Adriatic Sea via L'Aquila and Teramo, through the Apennine Mountains via the Gran Sasso in Abruzzo. There are two tunnels, each with two lanes for each direction, 10,176 metres long, that also host the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. Construction started on November 14, 1968. The eastbound tunnel (to Teramo) opened on December 1, 1984 while the westbound tunnel (to L'Aquila) opened in 1995. It is the third longest road tunnel in Italy, after the Fréjus and Monte Bianco tunnels, and"
"Gotthard Road Tunnel The Gotthard Road Tunnel in Switzerland runs from Göschenen in the canton of Uri at its northern portal, to Airolo in Ticino to the south, and is in length below the St Gotthard Pass, a major pass of the Alps. At time of construction, in 1980, it was the longest road tunnel in the world; it is currently the ninth-longest. Although it is a motorway tunnel, part of the A2 from Basel to Chiasso, it consists of only one bidirectional tube with two lanes. With a maximum elevation of at the tunnel's highest point, the A2 motorway"
"Germain Sommeiller Germain Sommeiller (February 15, 1815 – July 11, 1871) was a civil engineer from Savoy. He directed the construction of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel between France and Italy, also known as the Mont Cenis Tunnel. This was the first of a series of major tunnels built in the late 19th century to connect northern and southern Europe through the Alps. Sommeiller pioneered the use of pneumatic drilling and dynamite to achieve record-breaking excavation speeds. This 12.8-km tunnel was completed on December 26, 1870, 11 years ahead of schedule. It remained the longest tunnel in the world until the"
"Monte Viso Tunnel The Monte Viso Tunnel (Italian: ""Buco di Viso""; French: ""Pertuis du Viso"") is an Alpine pedestrian tunnel excavated in the rock during the Renaissance and located eight kilometres north of Monviso (Cottian Alps), northern Italy. It is 75 m long, 3 m wide, and located at an altitude of 2,882 metres linking the modern Italian province of Cuneo and the French department of Hautes-Alpes. Is 75 metres long and connects Italy with France by linking the villages of Crissolo and Ristolas. Opened in 1479, it is one of the most ancient tunnels of Italy and maybe one"
"approved. The actual upgrade mining of the second road tunnel would last from 2020 to 2027 at a cost of 2.7 billion francs for the whole project including the following reconstruction of the first tunnel. Gotthard Road Tunnel The Gotthard Road Tunnel in Switzerland runs from Göschenen in the canton of Uri at its northern portal, to Airolo in Ticino to the south, and is in length below the St Gotthard Pass, a major pass of the Alps. At time of construction, in 1980, it was the longest road tunnel in the world; it is currently the ninth-longest. Although it"
"Rove Tunnel The Rove Tunnel is a canal tunnel in France that connected Marseille to the Rhône river. It was opened in 1927 and closed in 1963. With a length of it was a major work of civil engineering and one of the longest such tunnels. The tunnel was the most challenging section of the Canal de Marseille au Rhône, which connected Marseille to the Rhône river. The canal has a total length of . The tunnel starts near the village of Le Rove, and runs through the Chaîne de l'Estaque at sea level. The tunnel is long, wide and"
"tunnel and at its final diameter. Following protests against the original alignment of the base tunnel in the Susa valley, its length was increased from 52 to . This will make it, when it opens, one of the longest rail tunnels in the world, ranking with the Gotthard Base Tunnel (57.1 km) the Seikan Tunnel (54 km) and the Channel Tunnel (50 km). The portals will be in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne on the French side and Susa on the Italian side. The cost of the joint Franco-Italian section (from Saint Jean de Maurienne to Val Susa) is estimated at 9.975 billion euros"
"Vielha Tunnel The Vielha tunnel (Aranese: , Catalan and ) is a road tunnel in north-west Catalonia, connecting Vielha, the capital of the Aran valley, with the Alta Ribagorça comarca. It is part of the N-230 road and consists of two parallel tunnels. The older one, named Alfonso XIII Tunnel in honour of Spanish king Alfonso XIII, was opened in 1948 and became the longest road tunnel in the world, with a length of 5240 metres, until 1964, when the Great St Bernard Tunnel was inaugurated. The new tunnel, named Juan Carlos I Tunnel in honour of the Spanish king"
"built along the same path from 1974 to 1980. A future high-speed rail tunnel to improve transit capacity between France and Italy is being planned at a much lower elevation as part of the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway project. The initial gallery was 12.8 kilometres long, twice as much as the previously longest tunnel. Drilling started in August 1857 from Bardonecchia and in December 1857 from Modane. At construction start, both ends were in Piedmont-Sardinia, but this changed with the transfer of Savoy to France in 1860 (Treaty of Turin). On 26 December 1870, French and Italian workers shook hands as"
"Italy. The pass was crossed by many troops on their way to the Italian peninsula. From Constantine I, Pepin the Short and Charlemagne to Henry IV, Napoléon and more recently the German Gebirgsjägers during World War II. Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fréjus Highway Tunnel (opened 1980) and Rail Tunnel (opened 1871). The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino; in 1882 the long Saint Gotthard Railway Tunnel was opened connecting Lucerne in Switzerland, with Milan in Italy. 98 years later followed Gotthard Road Tunnel ( long) connecting the A2 motorway in Göschenen on the"
"southern tunnel is long and was completed in 1991. This is the 14th-longest road tunnel crossing in France. About to the south is a single-track tunnel completed in 1884 for the Saint-André-le-Gaz–Chambéry railway line. This tunnel begins east of the station of Aiguebelette-le-Lac and runs under the ridge, south of the Col Saint-Michel, to emerge just west of the now-closed Saint-Cassin-la-Cascade station, in the valley of the Hyères river, a left tributary of the Rhône. The Col de l'Épine is a popular route for cyclists. The pass formed part of the route for the Tour de France in 1947, 1965"
"Gotthard Base Tunnel The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT; , , ) is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland. It opened on 1 June 2016, and full service began on 11 December 2016. With a route length of , it is the world's longest railway and deepest traffic tunnel and the first flat, low-level route through the Alps. It lies at the heart of the Gotthard axis and constitutes the third tunnel connecting the cantons of Uri and Ticino, after the Gotthard Tunnel and the Gotthard Road Tunnel. The link consists of two single-track tunnels connecting Erstfeld (Uri) with"
"making the tunnel a 2x2 lane bi-directional link between the A50 and A57. Prior to this the tunnel had only one 2 lane carriageway running east to west which opened in 2002. A50 autoroute The A50 autoroute is a French motorway connecting Marseille to Toulon. It is 64km long. The motorway is a mixture of 2x2 and 2x3 lane road which runs through mountainous coastal terrain along the Mediterranean. As such it has some relatively sharp turns and steep gradients by French motorway standards. Some sections are limited to 110 km/h as a result. The first section between Marseille and"
"north-south line in Switzerland. It was opened in 1882. In this category it is no longer the record-holder. The Seikan Tunnel in Japan and the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France are both in excess of . Under construction since 2002 and opened on 1 June 2016, the Gotthard Base Tunnel (a second rail tunnel, long), is the world's longest. It was built for the use of trains travelling from northern Switzerland to the Ticino area and beyond. The Gotthard Tunnel is the core and culminating point of the A2 motorway in Switzerland, running south from Basel through"
"reasons against it and in a wide number of specific documents and meetings. Critics of the ""No TAV"" movement, by contrast, characterize it as a typical NIMBY movement. Turin–Lyon high-speed railway The Turin–Lyon high-speed railway is a planned -long, railway line that will connect the two cities and link the Italian and French high-speed rail networks. The core of the project is a base tunnel crossing the Alps between Susa valley in Italy and Maurienne in France. The tunnel will be one of the longest rail tunnels in the world, with the 57.1 km Gotthard Base Tunnel, and it represents"
"Fréjus Rail Tunnel The Fréjus Rail Tunnel (also called Mont Cenis Tunnel) is a rail tunnel of length in the European Alps, carrying the Turin–Modane railway through Mont Cenis to an end-on connection with the Culoz–Modane railway and linking Bardonecchia in Italy to Modane in France. Its mean altitude is 1,123 m and it passes beneath the ""Pointe du Fréjus"" (2,932 m) and the ""Col du Fréjus"" (2,542 m). The Fréjus tunnel remains an important link in the connection between Rome and Paris, via Turin and Chambéry. Following the development of car and truck transportation, the Fréjus Road Tunnel was"
"Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel (; also nicknamed the Chunnel) is a rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland. At its lowest point, it is deep below the sea bed and below sea level. At , the tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall at and deeper at below sea"
"eventually killing him, while passing through the Simplon Tunnel on the ""Orient Express"". Simplon Tunnel The Simplon Tunnel is a railway tunnel on the Simplon railway that connects Brig, Switzerland and Domodossola, Italy, through the Alps, providing a shortcut under the Simplon Pass route. It is straight except for short curves at either end. It actually consists of two single-track tunnels built nearly 15 years apart. The first to be opened is long; the second is long, making it the longest railway tunnel in the world for most of the twentieth century, from 1906 until 1982, until the Daishimizu Tunnel"
"Autostrada A1 (Italy) The Autostrada A1, nicknamed ""Sun Motorway"", is the oldest European Highway and the most important in Italy. The highway links the biggest italian Tyrrhenian-side cities: Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome and Naples. At 754 km, it is the longest Italian autostrada and it runs parallelly to Adriatic A14. It is a part of the E35 and E45 European roads. A1 reduced Milan-Naples travel time from two days to just seven to eight hours. The mountain crossing Bologna-Florence part is named Variante di Valico. Building works began in 1956, and the entire track was opened on 4 October 1964"
"Tunnel Maurice-Lemaire The Tunnel Maurice-Lemaire, commonly known as the ""Tunnel de Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines"" is a former rail tunnel adapted to permit road traffic to drive between Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (Haut-Rhin, Alsace) and Saint-Dié (Vosges, Lorraine) without needing to drive over the top of a mountain pass. The tunnel is long, which made it the longest road tunnel wholly within France. The tunnel owes its current name to Maurice Lemaire, a former Director General of the SNCF and a senior politician nationally and regionally during the third quarter of the twentieth century. Lemaire promoted the tunnel’s modernisation. The tunnel was first mooted in 1866,"
"of operation. Gotthard Base Tunnel The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT; , , ) is a railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland. It opened on 1 June 2016, and full service began on 11 December 2016. With a route length of , it is the world's longest railway and deepest traffic tunnel and the first flat, low-level route through the Alps. It lies at the heart of the Gotthard axis and constitutes the third tunnel connecting the cantons of Uri and Ticino, after the Gotthard Tunnel and the Gotthard Road Tunnel. The link consists of two single-track tunnels connecting Erstfeld"
"Sonnenberg Tunnel The Sonnenberg Tunnel is a long motorway tunnel, constructed between 1971 and 1976 and located in Lucerne, Switzerland. At its completion it was also the world's largest civilian nuclear fallout shelter, designed to protect 20,000 civilians in the eventuality of war or disaster. The A2 motorway from Chiasso to Basel passes through the tunnel and carries around 55,000 vehicles a day. There are tentative plans to construct a bypass to replace the section of the motorway that leads through Lucerne, which includes the Sonnenberg and Reussport tunnels. Based on a federal law from 1963, Switzerland aims to provide"
"February 2017, by Jesse Norman, Minister for Industry and Energy. Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel (; also nicknamed the Chunnel) is a rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland. At its lowest point, it is deep below the sea bed and below sea level. At , the tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan"
"attributed to the fact the tunnel had been divided into two sections operated by two companies (one in France, the other in Italy), which failed to coordinate the situation. On 27 July 2005, thirteen defendants were found guilty, and handed sentences ranging from fines to suspended prison sentences, to six months in jail: In 2010, the average traffic volume was 4,945 vehicles per day, or around 1.80 million vehicles per year. In 2011, there were an average of 5,113 vehicles per day (about 1.87 million vehicles per year). Although several lines of vehicles can queue up at the toll station,"
"Seelisberg Tunnel The Seelisberg Tunnel is a motorway tunnel in Switzerland. The tunnel links Beckenried, in the canton of Nidwalden, with Seedorf, in the canton of Uri, running under the mountains that form the south shore of Lake Lucerne. It forms part of the A2 motorway between Basel, on the border with Germany and France, and Chiasso, on the border with Italy. Completed in 1980, the twin bores of the tunnel are and in length. After the Gotthard Road Tunnel, this is Switzerland's second-longest road tunnel but unlike the Gotthard Tunnel which crosses the Alps completely north to south, the"
"Turin–Lyon high-speed railway The Turin–Lyon high-speed railway is a planned -long, railway line that will connect the two cities and link the Italian and French high-speed rail networks. The core of the project is a base tunnel crossing the Alps between Susa valley in Italy and Maurienne in France. The tunnel will be one of the longest rail tunnels in the world, with the 57.1 km Gotthard Base Tunnel, and it represents one third of the estimated overall cost of the project. Like the Swiss NRLA project, the line aims to both transfer freight traffic across the Alps from trucks"
"ADAC voted the Rennsteig Tunnel in 2004 as Europe's safest tunnel. Rennsteig Tunnel Rennsteig Tunnel (German: Rennsteigtunnel) is the longest road tunnel in Germany with a length of 7,878 meters (4.919 mi). The Rennsteig Tunnel is part of the motorway Autobahn A 71 between Gräfenroda and Oberhof in Thuringia. It is also called the ""Christiane Tunnel"" for its ""godmother"" Christiane Herzog, wife of the former German President Roman Herzog. The tunnel was built between 26 June 1998 and 5 July 2003, when it was opened by German chancellor Gerhard Schröder. It was part of the traffic project ""German unity"" (""""Verkehrsprojekt"
"as the ""father"" of India's nuclear programme. In 1946, a drilling project was initiated to carve a tunnel through the mountain. The Mont Blanc tunnel would connect Chamonix, France and Courmayeur, Italy, and become one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes between the two countries. In 1965, the tunnel opened to vehicle traffic with a length of . In 1999, a transport truck caught fire in the tunnel beneath the mountain. In total 39 people were killed when the fire raged out of control. The tunnel was renovated in the aftermath to increase driver safety, reopening after three years. The"
"a squeeze. Entering the tunnel at the French end necessitates climbing down some fallen rocks to reach the floor of the tunnel. Additionally, the French entrance is usually blocked by snow until well into the summer season. Monte Viso Tunnel The Monte Viso Tunnel (Italian: ""Buco di Viso""; French: ""Pertuis du Viso"") is an Alpine pedestrian tunnel excavated in the rock during the Renaissance and located eight kilometres north of Monviso (Cottian Alps), northern Italy. It is 75 m long, 3 m wide, and located at an altitude of 2,882 metres linking the modern Italian province of Cuneo and the"