In Terry Deary’s Horrible Histories series of books, the Vikings are described as Vicious. Which adjective is used to describe the Stuarts?
"historical era or civilisation in the book series are carried over in the TV show, focusing on events in or directly affecting Great Britain and (to a lesser extent) the larger Western world. The Inca and Aztec empires are also featured in later series. Sketches are grouped under these divisions, named as in the books, beginning with the Savage Stone Age and including among others the Cut-throat Celts, Awful Egyptians, Groovy Greeks, Rotten Romans, Vicious Vikings, Measly Middle Ages, Terrible Tudors, Slimy Stuarts, Gorgeous Georgians and Vile Victorians. The timeline for the most part ended at the Woeful Second World"
"of the Vikings is very brief. ""794.7 Devastation of all the islands of Britain by heathens,” yet over the course of the annals their attacks become more specific ""807.8 The heathens burned Inis Muiredaig and invade Ros Comáin."" The Vikings are called several different names throughout the annals: foreigners, dark or fair-foreigners, heathens, Norsemen, Norse-Irish and Danes. It is often unclear if these titles attribute nationalities or certain alliances as they are used intermixed throughout. The annals mention the foreigners’ beginnings in Ireland as one of plunder and slave taking. According to the annals, the Norsemen took many slaves in"
"a piratical raid. Lindisfarne was different. The Viking devastation of Northumbria's Holy Island was reported by the Northumbrian scholar Alcuin of York, who wrote: ""Never before in Britain has such a terror appeared"". Vikings were portrayed as wholly violent and bloodthirsty by their enemies. In medieval English chronicles, they are described as ""wolves among sheep"". The first challenges to the many anti-Viking images in Britain emerged in the 17th century. Pioneering scholarly works on the Viking Age reached a small readership in Britain. Linguistics traced the Viking Age origins of rural idioms and proverbs. New dictionaries of the Old Norse"
"to the percentage of Norse inheritance found among males in the Orkney Islands. Recent research suggests that the Celtic warrior Somerled, who drove the Vikings out of western Scotland and was the progenitor of Clan Donald, may have been of Viking descent, a member of haplogroup R-M420. [AFM 849.9 [=851], similar AU 851.3 ""Tetact Dubgennti du Ath Cliath co ralsat ár mór du Fhinngallaibh"", translated as ""The dark heathens came to Áth Cliath, made a great slaughter of the fair-haired foreigners""] Vikings Vikings (—""pirate"", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the"
"A recent, 2002 history of the Victorians' fascination with the Vikings takes a more critical view, summing it up as ""a stodgy digest"", ""a pot-pourri of information"", with ""stern, no nonsense judgements: [such as]... 'wicked' ... 'cruel' ... 'silly falsehoods' "". However, although Miss Bullar decried Greenlander traditions as ""foolish"", she continued, ""perhaps if [Greenlanders] were to come to England, they might think some of our customs as silly, and as unbecoming as we think this of theirs."" In a time where foreign cultures were often characterized as ""savage"" or ""unenlightened"", Miss Bullar was more hesitant to judge the customs"
"Widsith, referring to the people or the race living in Jórvík (York, in the ninth century under control by Norsemen), ""Jór-Wicings"". The word ""Viking"" was introduced into Modern English during the 18th-century Viking revival, at which point it acquired romanticised heroic overtones of ""barbarian warrior"" or noble savage. During the 20th century, the meaning of the term was expanded to refer to not only seaborne raiders from Scandinavia and other places settled by them (like Iceland and the Faroe Islands), but also any member of the culture that produced said raiders during the period from the late 8th to the"
"the coast and defeated English regional forces in the Battle of Fulford near York. Although initially successful, Harald was defeated and killed in an attack by Harold Godwinson's forces in the Battle of Stamford Bridge. Modern historians have often considered Harald's death, which brought an end to his invasion, as the end of the Viking Age. Harald's most famous epithet is Old Norse ""harðráði"", which has been translated variously as 'hard in counsel', 'tyrannical', ‘tyrant’, ‘hard-ruler’, ‘ruthless’, ‘savage in counsel’, ‘tough’, and ‘severe’. While Judith Jesch has argued for 'severe' as the best translation, Alison Finlay and Anthony Faulkes prefer"
"invaded England in the January and February 1138 shocked the English chroniclers, and the shock was compounded even more by the fact that it was led by ""their"" David. Richard of Hexham called it ""an execrable army, savager than any race of heathen yielding honour to neither God nor man"" and that it ""harried the whole province and slaughtered everywhere folk of either sex, of every age and condition, destroying, pillaging and burning the vills, churches and houses"". Several doubtful stories of cannibalism entered the chronicle records. as well as routine enslavings and killings of churchmen, women and infants. Henry"
"influenced by the methods of Bernard Palissy, had been ridiculed and misunderstood by proponents of ""Puginite"" design, following the proto-modernist principles of Augustus Pugin. Wilson's argument formed part of a reaffirmation of the aesthetic principles of the grotesque. The argument that distaste for Victorian cultural values ('Anti-victorianism') is irrational has been adopted by other writers,either following Stove's politically conservative attack on liberal thought, or Wilson's critique of modernism. Victorian Era Horror Victorianorum Horror Victorianorum (terror of the Victorian), coined by the philosopher David Stove, is an extreme distaste or condemnation of Victorian culture, art and design. The term was used"
"of Arthur. The Lombards were called avaricious, vicious and cowardly; the Romans, seditious, turbulent and slanderous; the Sicilians, tyrannical and cruel; the inhabitants of Brabant, men of blood, incendiaries, brigands and ravishers; the Flemish, fickle, prodigal, gluttonous, yielding as butter, and slothful. After such insults from words they often came to blows."" The students who attended the medieval university in Oxford arranged themselves into two nations who quarrelled constantly. These two nations were called the ""australes"" and the ""boreales"". The ""australes"" originated from south of the River Trent and was the more powerful of the two nations. The Welsh were"
"this kingdom expanded in size and influence, the name of the tribe was applied to all its subjects – hence the modern terms Scot, Scottish and Scotland. The English annal writer, Bede, wrote how the Scoti harassed the Romano-British in piratical and border raids. The Vikings pillaged monasteries on Ireland's west coast in 795, and then spread out to cover the rest of the coastline. The north and east of the island were most affected. During the first 40 years, the raids were conducted by small, mobile Viking groups. From 830 on, the groups consisted of large fleets of Viking"
"of Viking raids against England. Wulfstan exhorts the English to behave in a manner more pleasing to God, and specifically to live according to the laws of the Church and of the king. The ' is noted for its rhetorical achievements, and is considered to represent the height of Wulfstan's skill as a homilist and rhetor. The text of the ' has been critically edited many times, most recently by Dorothy Bethurum. The work contains one of several mentions of Old English ', a term cognate to the Old Norse """"—valkyries. Wulfstan's past is obscure, though it is possible that"
"Viking (Norse mythology) Viking is the name of the son of Vífil and Eimyrja in Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar. Viking is the father of Thorsten and Thorer. Further details of his legend are recounted in Frithiof's Saga. The two daughters of Logi (Haloge) are stolen away by suitors to nearby islands. Viking is a son of one of these daughters, Eimyrja. He grows up in Bornholm. By the time he is 15, he is the biggest and strongest man of his time. His magic sword Angervadil is fatal even to giants. The sword was inscribed with Runic letters, which blazed in"
"Viking (Norse mythology) Viking is the name of the son of Vífil and Eimyrja in Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar. Viking is the father of Thorsten and Thorer. Further details of his legend are recounted in Frithiof's Saga. The two daughters of Logi (Haloge) are stolen away by suitors to nearby islands. Viking is a son of one of these daughters, Eimyrja. He grows up in Bornholm. By the time he is 15, he is the biggest and strongest man of his time. His magic sword Angervadil is fatal even to giants. The sword was inscribed with Runic letters, which blazed in"
"which means Scandinavian or Viking raider. It may be the origin of the Gaelic word Skene and Skene-to, which is the traditional knife the Scots carry in their stockings, as well as the source of the Latvian name, Skenders, which is believed to have come to that land via the Teutonic Knights who would have had this ancient German word meaning ""violent or scandalous behavior"". The name is also found in Denmark in family names such as Skander, Skenner, Skinder and Skanderson. In Jutland, there is the town of Skanderborg and the former monastery at Skenderup. The name Skinder is"
"the Uncivil, Caleb the Ripper, Mad Hamish, Boy Willie, Old Vincent (both ""relative"" terms, presumably), and Mr. Ronald Saveloy (geography teacher turned barbarian adventurer), or, as the Horde call him, Teach. They are rumoured to be ""the legendary Seven Indestructible Sages"", previously unheard of, but ""Perhaps legends have to ""start"" somewhere"". In ""Interesting Times"", The Silver Horde aid Cohen in his invasion of the Agatean Empire in an effort to steal something, which is hinted at but not revealed until the end to be the Empire itself. They also have a hand in overthrowing the current Emperor (a cruel tyrant"
"himself. In the mid ninth century, an invading Viking army coalesced in Anglo-Saxon England. The earliest version of the ninth- to twelfth-century ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" variously describes the invading host as """""""", an Old English term that can translate as ""big army"" or ""great army"". Archaeological evidence and documentary sources suggest that this Great Army was not a single unified force, but more of a composite collection of warbands drawn from different regions. The exact origins of the Great Army are obscure. The ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" sometimes identifies the Vikings as Danes. The tenth-century ""Vita Alfredi"" seems to allege that the invaders"
"violent and evil heathens. Viking raids from the late 8th to the early 10th century consisted of ""hit-and-run"" style raids that would bring riches back to their respective lands. However, due to the technical success of their shipbuilding, they were able to transform such raids into settlements. Viking ships made it possible to traverse rivers such as the Thames in England, the Volga in Russian territory, and the Loire in Frankish territory. In the years 814-820, Danish Vikings repeatedly sacked the regions of Northwestern France via the Seine River and also repeatedly sacked monasteries in the Bay of Biscay via"
"Horror Victorianorum Horror Victorianorum (terror of the Victorian), coined by the philosopher David Stove, is an extreme distaste or condemnation of Victorian culture, art and design. The term was used in Stove's book ""The Plato Cult"" as part of his argument against Karl Popper and other philosophers whom he characterised as ""modernists"". For Stove, Popper was influenced by the pervasive anti-Victorian mentality of the era, epitomised by Evelyn Waugh's book ""A Handful of Dust"", in which the absurdity of Victorian values is expressed by a parody of ""Victorian"" conceptions of the civilizing mission of imperialism, when the hero is finally"
"military officers often used the young boys of defeated peoples for homosexual intercourse. The Roman historian Tacitus noted this happening during the Revolt of the Batavi. The Vikings (Scandinavians who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the late 8th century to the early 11th century), have acquired a reputation for ""rape and pillage"". Viking settlements in Britain and Ireland are thought to have been primarily male enterprises, with a lesser role for Viking females. British Isles women are mentioned in old texts on the founding of Iceland, indicating that the Viking explorers had acquired wives and concubines from"
"Vikings Vikings (—""pirate"", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who during the late 8th to late 11th centuries, raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of Europe, and explored westwards to Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Norse home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age. This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia,"
"descendants of three Germanic tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, from the Jutland peninsula and Lower Saxony (, Germany). The Angles may have come from Angeln, and Bede wrote their nation came to Britain, leaving their land empty. They spoke closely related Germanic dialects. The Anglo-Saxons knew themselves as the ""Englisc,"" from which the word ""English"" derives. Viking refers to a member of the Norse (Scandinavian) peoples, famous as explorers, warriors, merchants, and pirates, who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe beginning in the late 8th. These Norsemen used their famed longships to travel. The Viking Age"
"as a gathering of this world and the supernatural, including witches, goblins, and demons. A Viking poem portrays the environment as strongly pagan, with chanting Valkyries deciding who would live and who would die. While few records are known, the Vikings are thought to have led their first raids in Scotland on the holy island of Iona in 794, the year following the raid on the other holy island of Lindisfarne, Northumbria. In 839, a large Norse fleet invaded via the River Tay and River Earn, both of which were highly navigable, and reached into the heart of the Pictish"
"saga Víkingssonar"", the name is attributed to the mythical king Raum the Old (""Raumr inn gamli""). According to the latter saga, the members of the family were big and ugly, and because of this big and ugly people were called ""great Raumar"". Before the Unification of Norway by King Harald Fairhair, Romerike was a petty kingdom. It had its age of greatness between the 5th and 7th centuries. The 6th-century Goth scholar Jordanes wrote in his ""Getica"" about a tribe located in Scandza which he named the ""Raumarici"" and which seems to be the same name as ""Raumariki"", the old"
"portion of the dynasty's wealth, probably the majority, came from the international slave trade, both as slavers themselves and from the taxation of it, for which they were infamous in their time. In this role they star as the principal antagonists in the early 12th-century Irish epic political tract ""The War of the Irish with the Foreigners"", although the account is exaggerated. One of the greatest dynasties of the Viking Age, the Uí Ímair were at their height the most fearsome and wide-reaching power in the British Isles and perhaps beyond. However, unlike the contemporary Rurikids in the East they"
"great slaughter of the Findgaill, and plundered the naval encampment, both people and property."" It is believed that this refers to the first appearance in Ireland of a new faction of Vikings. Called the ""Dubgaill"" or ""Dubgenti"" (""Dark Foreigners"" or ""Dark Gentiles""), these were possibly Scandinavians of Danish or Anglo-Danish origin who hoped to take advantage of the shifting fortunes of the town's inhabitants, known as the Findgaill or Findgenti (""Fair Foreigners"" or ""Fair Gentiles""), who were possibly Scandinavians of Norwegian origin – though there is still no consensus among historians as to the meaning of these terms. Whatever their"
"bishop called Augustine."" ""As it is shown, Scotia [Scotland] appears contiguous to Anglia, but in its southern part it is divided from it by water and mountains. The people are of easy morals and are fierce and cruel against their enemies; and they prefer death to servitude. The island is very fertile in pastures, rivers, springs and animals and all other things; and it is like Anglia."" Scandinavia is the least accurate part of the European section. A legend describing Norway and Sweden describes tall, strong and fierce people, polar bears and St. Bridget of Sweden: ""Norvegia [Norway] is a"
"Dubgaill and Finngaill Dubgaill and Finngaill, or Dubgenti and Finngenti, are Middle Irish terms used to denote different rival groups of Vikings in Ireland and Britain. Literally, ""Dub-/Finngaill"" is translated as ""dark and fair foreigners"" or ""black and white foreigners"", and similarly, ""Dub-/Finngenti"" as ""dark/black"" and ""fair/white heathens"". Similar terms are found in Welsh chronicles, probably derived from Gaelic usage. The first known use of these terms in the chronicles is from 851, when it is noted that ""The Dubhghoill arrived in Ath Cliath [Dublin], and made a great slaughter of the Finnghoill"". The terms appear, with various spellings, in"
"York. Medieval Christians in Europe were totally unprepared for the Viking incursions and could find no explanation for their arrival and the accompanying suffering they experienced at their hands save the ""Wrath of God"". More than any other single event, the attack on Lindisfarne demonised perception of the Vikings for the next twelve centuries. Not until the 1890s did scholars outside Scandinavia begin to seriously reassess the achievements of the Vikings, recognizing their artistry, technological skills, and seamanship. Norse Mythology, sagas, and literature tell of Scandinavian culture and religion through tales of heroic and mythological heroes. Early transmission of this"
"English as overlords proclaimed the ancient enmity between the chiefs of the isles and the kingdom of Scotland. In 1579 the Bishop of the Isles made a complaint of molestation against the Macneil chief of Barra. His son, the next chief, was denounced as a rebel by the Priviy Council so many times that he was described as a ""hereditary outlaw"" and was known as ""the Turbulent"" or ""Ruari the Tatar"". He has also been described as the last of the Viking raiders as he often raided from his Kisimul Castle. The king eventually arranged for his loyal vassals to"
"entered Hispanic languages and local varieties of Latin with forms beginning not only in ""n-"", but in ""l-"", such as (apparently reflecting nasal dissimilation in local Romance languages). This form may in turn have been borrowed into Arabic: the prominent early Arabic source al-Mas‘ūdī identified the 844 raiders on Seville not only as ""Rūs"" but also . In modern scholarship, ""Vikings"" is a common term for attacking Norsemen, especially in connection with raids and monastic plundering by Norsemen in the British Isles, but it was not used in this sense at the time. In Old Norse and Old English, the"
"""vandalorum rex"" in Latin. The title was shortened to ""King of Denmark"" in 1972. Starting in 1540, Swedish kings (following Denmark) were styled ""Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex"" (""King of the Swedes, Geats, and Wends""). Carl XVI Gustaf dropped the title in 1973 and now styles himself simply as ""King of Sweden"". The modern term ""vandalism"" stems from the Vandals' reputation as the barbarian people who sacked and looted Rome in AD 455. The Vandals were probably not any more destructive than other invaders of ancient times, but writers who idealized Rome often blamed them for its destruction. For example,"
"influences into Scandinavia itself, with profound developmental implications in both directions. Popular, modern conceptions of the Vikings—the term frequently applied casually to their modern descendants and the inhabitants of modern Scandinavia—often strongly differ from the complex picture that emerges from archaeology and historical sources. A romanticised picture of Vikings as noble savages began to emerge in the 18th century; this developed and became widely propagated during the 19th-century Viking revival. Perceived views of the Vikings as alternatively violent, piratical heathens or as intrepid adventurers owe much to conflicting varieties of the modern Viking myth that had taken shape by the"