Nicknamed Old Grog, which Admiral ordered the watering down of rum rations in 1738?
"The half pint of spirits was originally issued neat; it is said that sailors would ""prove"" its strength by checking that gunpowder doused with rum would still burn (thus verifying that rum was at least 57% ABV). The practice of compulsorily diluting rum in the proportion of half a pint to one quart of water (1:4) was first introduced in the 1740s by Admiral Edward Vernon (known as Old Grog, because of his habitual grogram cloak). The ration was also split into two servings, one between 10 am and noon and the other between 4 and 6 pm. In 1756"
"encouraged his captains to improve manoeuvres and gun drill. He introduced new instructions to aid the flexibility of handling fleets in battle and formed the basis of continuing improvement to Admiralty fighting instructions by subsequent naval commanders. Vernon continued to serve in Parliament and remained active in the interest of naval affairs until his death at Nacton on 30 October 1757. His enduring claim to fame was his 1740 order that his sailors' rum should be diluted with water. In 1740, supposedly calling the new drink ""grog"" after Vernon's nickname ""Old Grog"", attributed to his habitual wearing of a grogram"
"rum for every rating and petty officer on the ship aged 20 or more and not under punishment. Two marines lifted the keg to the deck, standing guard while a file of cooks from the petty officers' messes held out their jugs. The sergeant of marines poured the ration under direction of the chief steward, who announced the number of drinking men present in each petty officer's mess. The rest of the rum was mixed in a tub with two parts water, becoming the grog provided to the ratings. At noon, the boatswain's mate piped ""Muster for Rum"", and the"
"with water to make grog for all ratings below Petty Officer. Only ratings marked ""G"" (for Grog) in the ship's books could draw rum, grog or lemonade when the mainbrace was spliced and no payment in lieu was available. Those under 20 were marked ""U.A."" (for under age) in the ship's book; they were similarly barred from drawing the daily rum ration. ""T"" stood for Temperance (for those of Temperance Movement). The issue of rum to wardroom and gunroom officers was stopped in 1881 and ended for warrant officers in 1918; splicing the mainbrace was the only time that officers"
"use their position and wealth to buy all the imported rum and then exchange it for goods and labour at very favourable rates, thus earning the Corps the nickname ""The Rum Corps"". By 1793 stills were being imported and grain was being used to make rum, exacerbating the shortage of grain. Due to poor health Grose returned to England in December 1794 and Captain William Paterson assumed temporary command until a permanent replacement, Governor John Hunter, arrived in September 1795. Paterson had obtained his commission with the backing of Sir Joseph Banks because he was interested in natural history and"
"Rum ration The rum ration (also called tot) was a daily amount of rum given to sailors on Royal Navy ships. It was abolished in 1970 after concerns that regular intakes of alcohol would lead to unsteady hands when working machinery. The rum ration, or ""tot"", consisted of of rum at 95.5 proof (54.6% ABV), given out to every sailor at midday. Senior ratings (petty officers and above) received their rum neat, whilst for junior ratings it was diluted with two parts of water to make of grog. The rum ration was served from one particular barrel, also known as"
"Black Tot Day Black Tot Day (31 July 1970) was the last day on which the Royal Navy issued sailors with a daily rum ration (the daily tot). In the 17th century, the daily drink ration for English sailors was a gallon of beer. Due to the difficulty in storing the large quantities of liquid that this required, in 1655 a half pint of rum was made equivalent and became preferred to beer. Over time, drunkenness on board naval vessels increasingly became a problem and the ration was formalised in naval regulations by Admiral Edward Vernon in 1740 and ordered"
"rations for the crew were distinct, as were dining accommodations, with each reflecting their relative stations in society and the navy. Due to the inability to maintain water fresh for extended periods of time prior to the advent of modern hygiene, shipboard plumbing, and disinfectants, it was common to ship large quantities of beer to provide both hydration and nourishment in times when water aboard fouled. The beer's alcoholic content served as a preservative. In contrast, grog, a mix of rum and water, was provided and consumed daily (with officers provided their rum straight). The rum allotment per man was"
"Navy Grog The Navy Grog was a popular rum-based drink served for many years at the Polynesian-themed Don the Beachcomber restaurants; it is still served in many so-called tiki restaurants and bars. First created by Donn Beach, who almost single-handedly originated the tiki cultural fad of the 1940s and 1950s, it was one of dozens of rum concoctions that he, and later Trader Vic and numerous other imitators, sold in exotic tropical settings. Not quite as potent as the Beachcomber's more famous Zombie, it was, nevertheless, shown on the menu as being limited to two, or sometimes three, to a"
"Navy regulations required adding small quantities of lemon or lime juice to the ration, to prevent scurvy. The rum itself was often procured from distillers in Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago and the British Virgin Islands. Rations were cut in half in 1823 and again in half, to the traditional amount, in 1850. The abolition of the rum ration had been discussed in Parliament in 1850 and again in 1881 however nothing came of it. In 1970, Admiral Peter Hill-Norton abolished the rum ration as he felt it could have led to sailors failing a breathalyser test and being less capable"
"to be mixed with water in a 4:1 water to rum ratio and split into two servings per day. In the 19th century, there was a change in the attitude towards alcohol due to continued discipline problems in the navy. In 1824 the size of the tot was halved to a quarter pint in an effort to improve the situation. In 1850, the Admiralty's Grog Committee, convened to look into the issues surrounding the rum ration, recommended that it be eliminated completely. However, rather than ending it the navy further halved it to an eighth of a pint per day,"
"and sub-standard rum, obtainable from sly-grog shops. In the early decades of the Australian colonies such beverages were often the only alcohol available to the working class. Eventually in Australia, and New Zealand, the word grog came to be used as a slang collective term for alcohol, such as going to the ""grog shop"" to buy grog. Honoring the 18th century British Army regimental mess and grog's historical significance in the military, the United States Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Army carry on a tradition at its formal dining in ceremonies whereby those in attendance who"
"machinery under the influence led to the rum ration being abolished. While many claim to make a traditional navy grog recipe, there are several accepted forms. The Royal Navy's grog recipe includes lemon juice, water, rum, and cinnamon. A commonly found recipe in the Caribbean includes water, light rum, grapefruit juice, orange juice, pineapple juice, cinnamon, and honey. Modern versions of the drink are often made with hot or boiling water, and sometimes include lemon juice, lime juice, cinnamon, or sugar to add flavor. Additionally in the United States, apple cider is sometimes substituted for water. Rum with water, sugar,"
"grog"" (rum diluted with water at a 6:1 ratio) was sometimes issued as a punishment to sailors found guilty of drunkenness or neglect. Over time the distribution of the rum ration became encrusted with elaborate ritual. At 11 am the boatswain's mate piped ""Up spirits"", the signal for the petty officer of the day to climb to the quarterdeck and collect the keys to the spirit room from an officer, the ship's cooper, and a detachment of Royal Marines. In procession, they unlocked the door of the spirit room, and witnessed the pumping into a keg of one-eighth pint of"
"the Royal Navy was heard and is referred today as ""Black Tot Day"". (Although all ratings received an allowance of an extra can of beer each day as compensation.) Until the grog ration was discontinued in 1970, Royal Navy rum was 95.5 proof, or 54.6% alcohol by volume; the usual ration was an eighth of a pint, diluted 2:1 with water (3:1 until World War II). Extra rum rations were provided for special celebrations, like Trafalgar Day, and sailors might share their ration with the cook or with a messmate celebrating a birthday. Until the early 20th century, ""six water"
"could be issued with rum. Other navies abolished the grog allowance far earlier (the United States Navy after the American Civil War), but the order persisted, allowing the crew to take another drink in place of rum or grog; in 1845 it is recorded as being substituted for the more rowdy ""Crossing the Line"" ceremony. The Royal New Zealand Navy was the last navy to issue junior and senior ratings a daily tot of rum, issuing its last daily rum ration on 1 March 1990. Today the Royal Canadian Navy is more generous with the allowances, allowing crew members to"
"(2 gills, or 284 mL) of rum gradually replaced beer and brandy as the drink of choice. Given to the sailor straight, this caused additional problems, as some sailors saved the rum rations for several days to drink all at once. Due to the subsequent illness and disciplinary problems, the rum was mixed with water. This both diluted its effects and accelerated its spoilage, preventing hoarding of the allowance. Vernon's 1740 order that the daily rum issue of a half pint of rum be mixed with one quart of water and issued in two servings, before noon and after the"
"ended the rum ration on 1 September 1862, the ration continued in the Royal Navy. The temperance movements of the late 19th century began to change the attitude toward drink and the days of grog slowly came to an end. In 1850 the size of the tot was halved to a quarter of a pint () per day. The issue of grog to officers ended in 1881, and to warrant officers in 1918. On 28 January 1970, the ""Great Rum Debate"" took place in the House of Commons, and on 31 July 1970, the last pipe of ""Up Spirits"" in"
"with an unknown number of rums. At his parties, his old friends from Hollywood often mixed with his new friends from Kentucky and mixed very well. While he lived in Kentucky, he purchased an old 18th-century log cabin and had it moved to the Calumet Farm property, where he would use it as his writing room. He also had two brands of private reserve bourbon distilled he named ""Old Commodore"" (as a tribute to his service in the U.S. Navy) and ""Old Calumet Cabin"" (after his writing room). On July 31, 1958, Admiral Markey was commissioned a Kentucky Colonel (a"
"Alexander Graeme Admiral Alexander Graeme (9 December 1741 – 5 August 1818) was a Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore. Born at ""Graemeshall"" in Orkney, Graeme became commanding officer of the sloop HMS ""Kingfisher"" in February 1776 and saw action at the Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet in June 1776 during the American Revolutionary War. He went on to be commanding officer of the sixth-rate HMS ""Tartar"" in July 1779, in which he took part in the action of 11 November 1779, seizing the Spanish 38-gun frigate ""Santa Margarita"" off Cape Finisterre. After that he became commanding officer"
"There was also a spirit ration. In 1785, it was set at 4 oz. of rum, reduced to 2 oz. of whiskey, brandy, or rum in 1790. In 1794, troops about to enter combat or who were engaged in frontier service could receive a double ration of 4 oz. of rum or whiskey; this was extended in 1799 to include troops engaged in fatigue duties. It was discontinued in 1832 and replaced with a ration of coffee and sugar, which was increased in 1836. In 1846, a spirit ration was reinstated for issue to troops engaged in construction or surveying"
"eliminating the evening serving of the ration. This led to the ending of the ration for officers in 1881 and warrant officers in 1918. On 17 December 1969 the Admiralty Board issued a written answer to a question from the MP for Woolwich East, Christopher Mayhew, saying ""The Admiralty Board concludes that the rum issue is no longer compatible with the high standards of efficiency required now that the individual's tasks in ships are concerned with complex, and often delicate, machinery and systems on the correct functioning of which people's lives may depend"". This led to a debate in the"
"appointment"", and that the governor in 1740 was Henry Medley. Lord George Graham Lord George Graham (26 September 1715 – 2 January 1747) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the Wars of the Quadruple Alliance and Austrian Succession. He embarked on a political career, and was a Member of Parliament. Graham was born into the nobility, the younger son of a duke, and embarked on a naval career early in his life. Rising through the ranks, he was given his first commands early in the War of the Austrian Succession, and served in the Mediterranean"
"Admiral Duncan (pub) The Admiral Duncan is a public house in Old Compton Street, Soho in central London that is well-known as one of Soho's oldest gay pubs. It is named after Admiral Adam Duncan, who defeated the Dutch fleet at the Battle of Camperdown in 1797. In recent history, the pub was the scene of a nail bomb attack carried out by a neo-Nazi, David Copeland, on 30 April 1999. The Admiral Duncan has been trading since at least 1832. In June of that year, Dennis Collins, a wooden-legged, Irish ex-sailor living there was charged with high treason for"
"Captain Morgan Captain Morgan is a brand of rum produced by alcohol conglomerate Diageo. It is named after the 17th-century Welsh privateer of the Caribbean, Sir Henry Morgan who died on 25 August 1688. Since 2011, the label has used the slogan ""To Life, Love and Loot."" In 1944, the Seagram Company, based in Canada, started producing rum under the name Captain Morgan Rum Company. Seagram CEO Samuel Bronfman purchased a distillery named Long Pond from the Jamaican government. Among the buyers of raw rum from the Long Pond distillery was a Kingston pharmacy named Levy Brothers. The Levy family"
"to manage complex machinery. This decision to end the rum ration was taken after the Secretary of State for Defence had taken opinions from several ranks of the Navy. Ratings were instead allowed to purchase beer, and the amount allowed was determined, according to the MP David Owen, by the amount of space available for stowing the extra beer in ships. The last rum ration was on 31 July 1970 and became known as Black Tot Day as sailors were unhappy about the loss of the rum ration. There were reports that the day involved sailors throwing tots into the"
"notable corpses, have been in circulation for many years. The official record states merely that the body was placed in ""refined spirits"" and does not go into further detail. The Royal New Zealand Navy was the last naval force to give sailors a free daily tot of rum. The Royal Canadian Navy still gives a rum ration on special occasions; the rum is usually provided out of the commanding officer's fund, and is 150 proof (75%). It is consumed on the order ""up spirits"". The order to ""splice the mainbrace"" (i.e. take rum) can be given by the Queen as"
"cooks from each mess presented with tin buckets. The sergeant of marines ladled out the authorised number of tots (half-pints) supervised by the petty officer of the day. The few tots of grog remaining in the tub (""plushers""), if any, were poured into the drains (scuppers), visibly running into the sea. The petty officers were served first, and entitled to take their rum undiluted. The ratings often drank their grog in one long gulp when they finished their work around noon. In the early stages of British settlement in Australia, the word ""grog"" entered common usage, to describe diluted, adulterated,"
"20 were not permitted a rum ration, and were marked on the ship's books as ""UA"" (Under Age). A sailor's ration of alcohol was originally beer with a daily ration of one gallon (i.e. eight pints). This official allowance continued until after the Napoleonic Wars. When beer was not available, as it would often spoil easily, it could be substituted by a pint of wine or half a pint of spirits depending on what was locally available. In later years, the political influence of the West Indian planters led to rum being given the preference over arrack and other spirits."
"sea and the staging of a mock funeral in a training camp. In place of the rum ration, sailors were allowed to buy three cans of beer a day and improved recreational facilities. While the rum ration was abolished, the order to ""splice the mainbrace"", awarding sailors an extra tot of rum for good service, remained as a command which could only be given by the Monarch and is still used to recognise good service. Rum rations are also given on special occasions: in recent years, example included the 100th anniversary of the Canadian Royal Navy in 2010 and after"
"""Scarlet Street"" (1945). Also in 1945, Bert Pierce (Bruce Bennett) orders two Rum Collins for himself and ex-wife Mildred Pierce (Joan Crawford) in the eponymous movie when he takes her to see their daughter Veda performing at a tropical-themed nightclub. Arthur Peabody (William Powell) orders one in ""Mr. Peabody and the Mermaid"" (1948). Inspector Vance (Donald MacBride) orders one in Murder Over New York (1940). Sikorsky (Christopher Lloyd) also orders a Rum Collins in ""The Dream Team"" (1989). Rum Collins A Rum Collins is a cocktail based on the Tom Collins substituting a light rum for the gin. 2oz light"
"there, the stirring scenes of war time, and of the gallons of New England rum that was consumed at big feasts. The rum was available at any hour of the day or night, was consumed by men and women, and was reportedly replenished frequently as the rum was distilled from fine West Indian molasses at the Sampson Bullard distillery, located nearby, just north of what was known as Railroad Square at the ""Iron Depot"" which would now be 120 Storrs Street in Concord. On July 17, 1817, President James Monroe visited Concord and was saluted by Capt. Richard Hebert's Concord"
"thousand potted breadfruit plants, with glazed windows, skylights, and a lead-covered deck and drainage system to prevent the waste of fresh water. The space required for these arrangements in the small ship meant that the crew and officers would endure severe overcrowding for the duration of the long voyage. With Banks' agreement, command of the expedition was given to Lieutenant William Bligh, whose experiences included Captain James Cook's third and final voyage (1776–80) in which he had served as sailing master, or chief navigator, on HMS ""Resolution"". Bligh was born in Plymouth in 1754 into a family of naval and"