Which was the first London Underground line to be built?
"with the other London Underground sub-surface lines: the Hammersmith & City line from Hammersmith to just before Aldgate; the Metropolitan line from Baker Street to Aldgate; and the District line from Tower Hill station to Edgware Road station. The line is electrified with a four-rail DC system: a central conductor rail is energised at and a rail outside the running rail at , giving a potential difference of . The running rails are not electrified. Much of the double track railway from the Hammersmith terminus to Westbourne Park station is on a high brick viaduct. East of Westbourne Park the"
"of the network. Station names shown are current names; many stations have previously had different names. Timeline of the London Underground The transport system now known as the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Over the next forty years, the early sub-surface lines reached out from the urban centre of the capital into the surrounding rural margins, leading to the development of new commuter suburbs. At the turn of the nineteenth century, new technology—including electric locomotives and improvements to the tunnelling shield—enabled new companies to construct a series of ""tube"" lines deeper"
"Timeline of the London Underground The transport system now known as the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Over the next forty years, the early sub-surface lines reached out from the urban centre of the capital into the surrounding rural margins, leading to the development of new commuter suburbs. At the turn of the nineteenth century, new technology—including electric locomotives and improvements to the tunnelling shield—enabled new companies to construct a series of ""tube"" lines deeper underground. Initially rivals, the tube railway companies began to co-operate in advertising and through shared branding,"
"London, Tilbury and Southend Railway between and Barking. The first line built by the Metropolitan Railway (Met) was from Paddington to near Smithfield, near London's financial heart in the City; with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives opened on 10 January 1863 it was the world's first underground railway. The line was built mostly under the New Road using the ""cut-and-cover"" method between Paddington and King's Cross and then in tunnel and cuttings beside Farringdon Road. Supported by the Met and the Great Western Railway (GWR), the Hammersmith & City Railway (H&CR) was built from the GWR's main line"
"London Underground carriages The London Underground opened in 1863 with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The Metropolitan and District railways both used carriages exclusively until they electrified in the early 20th century. The District railway replaced all its carriages for electric multiple units, whereas the Metropolitan still used carriages on the outer suburban routes where an electric locomotive at the Baker Street end was exchanged for a steam locomotive en route. The City & South London Railway tube railway opened in 1890 with electric locomotives hauling three carriages. Originally only provided with small windows, these were soon nicknamed"
"Circle lines. In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway (also known as the Met) opened the world's first underground railway. The line was built from Paddington beneath the New Road, connecting the main line railway termini at , and King's Cross. Then it followed Farringdon Road to a station at Farringdon Street in Smithfield, near the capital's financial heart in the City. The Met's early success prompted a flurry of applications to parliament in 1863 for new railways in London, many competing for similar routes. The House of Lords established a select committee that recommended an ""inner circuit of railway that should"
"Victoria line The Victoria line is a London Underground line that runs between in south London and in the north-east, via the West End. It is coloured light blue on the Tube map and is one of two lines to run entirely below ground. Constructed in the 1960s, it was the first entirely new Underground line in London for 50 years and was designed to relieve congestion on other lines, particularly the Piccadilly line and the branch of the Northern line. The first section, from Walthamstow Central to , opened in September 1968, with an extension to following in December."
"of private enterprises were formed to build new routes after the success of the Metropolitan, the first being the Metropolitan District Line, opened in 1865. This line extended along the Thames from Westminster to South Kensington at first, but by 1889 it had been extended eastwards to Blackfriars, and southwest all the way to Wimbledon. The next line to be built, and the first true ""tube"", created through tunneling with a tunneling shield rather than cut-and-cover excavation, was the City and South London Railway, opened in 1890. It was London's first underground line to run via an electrified locomotive, the"
"Underground Electric Railways Company of London The Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited (UERL), known operationally as the Underground for much of its existence, was established in 1902. It was the holding company for the three deep-level ""tube"" underground railway lines opened in London during 1906 and 1907: the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway. It was also the parent company from 1902 of the District Railway, which it electrified between 1903 and 1905. The UERL is a precursor of today's London Underground; its three"
"Underground's surface lines to be electrified and operate electric instead of steam trains. The deep level tube lines open at that time (City and South London Railway, Waterloo and City Railway, and Central London Railway) had been electrically powered from the start. Electric trains started running on the section of line between Ealing Common and Ealing Broadway on 1 July 1905. During 1930 and 1931, a new station building was constructed to replace the 1879 building. The new building, by Charles Holden in a style reminiscent of his designs for the 1926 Morden extension of the City and South London"
"was constructed by the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) and opened between Baker Street and Lambeth North (then called Kennington Road) on 10 March 1906. It was extended to Elephant & Castle five months later, on 5 August. The contraction of the name to ""Bakerloo"" rapidly caught on, and the official name was changed to match in July 1906. When work on the line started in June 1898, it had been financed by the mining entrepreneur and company promoter Whitaker Wright, who fell foul of the law over the financial proceedings involved and dramatically committed suicide at the"
"origins of the Metropolitan line lie with the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the first underground railway built in London. The MR opened a line between Paddington and Farringdon Street in 1863. The line, opened with steam locomotives and gas-lit wooden carriages, was built to connect the capital's mainline railway termini. After forming part of the 'inner circle' (today's Circle line), the railway began to extend out to the suburbs from Baker Street, reaching Harrow in 1880, and eventually as far as , over from Baker Street and the centre of London. The railway started to electrify its routes from 1905. It"
"Clerkenwell tube station Clerkenwell was an authorised underground railway station planned by the Metropolitan Railway but never built. It was to be located on Farringdon Road at Mount Pleasant in Clerkenwell, London. The Metropolitan Railway (MR, now the Metropolitan line) opened in 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon as the world's first underground railway line. The railway was mostly constructed using cut and cover techniques under existing roads, though the section through Clerkenwell under Mount Pleasant hill was constructed using traditional tunnelling methods because of the depth of the tracks beneath the surface. Because of the depth, no station was constructed"
"London Underground infrastructure The infrastructure of the London Underground includes 11 lines, with 270 stations. There are two types of line on the London Underground: services that run on the sub-surface network that is just below the surface and use larger trains, and the deep-tube lines, that are for the most part self-contained and use smaller trains. Most of the lines emerge on to the surface outside the central area. The oldest trains running on the Underground were introduced in 1972. The Underground is electrified using a four-rail system, the DC traction supply being independent of the running rails. Planned"
"suburbs. Its first line connected the mainline railway termini at , and King's Cross to the City, built beneath the New Road using the cut-and-cover method between Paddington and King's Cross, and in tunnel and cuttings beside Farringdon Road from King's Cross to near Smithfield. It opened on 10 January 1863 with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives, the world's first underground railway. In 1871, when plans were presented for an underground railway in Paris, it was called the ""Métropolitain"" in imitation. The modern word metro is a short form of the French word. The railway was soon extended"
"Central London Railway The Central London Railway (CLR), also known as the Twopenny Tube, was a deep-level, underground ""tube"" railway that opened in London in 1900. The CLR's tunnels and stations form the central section of the London Underground's Central line. The railway company was established in 1889, funding for construction was obtained in 1895 through a syndicate of financiers and work took place from 1896 to 1900. When opened, the CLR served 13 stations and ran completely underground in a pair of tunnels for between its western terminus at Shepherd's Bush and its eastern terminus at the Bank of"
"the London Underground to open. The station expanded to accommodate St Pancras on opening, following by interchanges with the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway (now the Piccadilly line) in 1906, with the City & South London Railway (now the Northern line) opening a year later. The Victoria line platforms were opened in 1968. A major expansion to accommodate High Speed 1 at St. Pancras opened in November 2009. A pedestrian subway was built during the CTRL refurbishments. It runs under Pancras Road from the eastern entrance of the domestic concourse to the new northern ticket hall of King's Cross"
"Pick as Chief Executive. Underground Electric Railways Company of London The Underground Electric Railways Company of London Limited (UERL), known operationally as the Underground for much of its existence, was established in 1902. It was the holding company for the three deep-level ""tube"" underground railway lines opened in London during 1906 and 1907: the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway, the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway. It was also the parent company from 1902 of the District Railway, which it electrified between 1903 and 1905. The UERL is a precursor of today's"
"passengers had to disembark at Paddington, Euston, King's Cross, Fenchurch Street, Charing Cross, Waterloo or Victoria and then make their own way via hackney carriage or on foot into the centre, thereby massively increasing congestion in the city. The Metropolitan Railway was built under the ground to connect several of these separate railway terminals. It opened in 1863, and was the first line of what was to become the London Underground. Marylebone was connected to the Bakerloo line in 1907, however Fenchurch Street was never connected to the system - a peculiarity that remains to the present day. The financial"
"City and South London Railway The City and South London Railway (C&SLR) was the first deep-level underground ""tube"" railway in the world, and the first major railway to use electric traction. The railway was originally intended for cable-hauled trains, but owing to the bankruptcy of the cable contractor during construction, a system of electric traction using electric locomotives—an experimental technology at the time—was chosen instead. When opened in 1890, the line had six stations and ran for in a pair of tunnels between the City of London and Stockwell, passing under the River Thames. The diameter of the tunnels restricted"
"later, in 1861, filled up. The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. The Metropolitan District Railway (commonly known as the District Railway) opened in December 1868 from South Kensington to Westminster as part of a plan for an underground ""inner circle"" connecting London's main-line stations. The Metropolitan and District railways completed the Circle line in 1884, built using the cut and cover"
"shown on the London Underground map as a single station, the two stations are not directly linked and interchange between them is via the concourse of the mainline station. The station was opened as ""Paddington (Bishop's Road)"" by the Metropolitan Railway (MR, later the Metropolitan line) on 10 January 1863 as the western terminus of the world's first underground railway. The station building was located on the road bridge carrying Bishop's Road (now Bishop's Bridge Road) over the mainline tracks of the Great Western Railway (GWR). Services were initially operated with rolling stock provided by the GWR, and the MR"
"1999. Control of London Underground passed to TfL in 2003, after the infrastructure of the District line had been partly privatised in a public–private partnership, managed by the Metronet consortium. Metronet went into administration in 2007 and the local government body Transport for London took over responsibilities. History of the District line The history of the District line started in 1864 when the Metropolitan District Railway was created to create an underground 'inner circle' connecting London's railway termini. The first part of the line opened using Metropolitan Railway gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The District introduced its own"
"cast-iron tunnel linings. James Henry Greathead was the engineer for the railway and had used the tunnelling method on the Tower Subway bored under the River Thames in 1869. Construction work began in 1886, and in 1887 the railway was granted additional approval for an extension to Kennington, Oval and Stockwell. The CL&SS was originally designed to be operated using a cabled-hauled system of trains, but the haulage method was changed in January 1899 to use electric locomotives, making it the world's first underground electric railway. The CL&SS changed its name to the City and South London Railway (C&SLR) early"
"London Underground rolling stock London Underground rolling stock includes the electric multiple units that run on the London Underground. The trains come in two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines. New trains are designed for the maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars. Services started in 1863 when the Metropolitan Railway opened using steam locomotives hauling gas-lit wooden carriages, braked from guards' compartment. In 1890, the first tube railway opened, using electric locomotives hauling carriages with small windows, nicknamed ""padded"
"the city, the growth of greater London also exacerbated the class divide, as the wealthier classes emigrated to the suburbs, leaving the poor to inhabit the inner city areas. The first railway to be built in London was the London and Greenwich Railway a short line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini which linked London to every corner of Britain. These included Euston station (1837), Paddington station (1838), Fenchurch Street station (1841), Waterloo station (1848), King's Cross station (1850), and St Pancras station (1863). By 1865"
"public on 10 January 1863 with gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives, the world's first passenger-carrying designated underground railway. The line was soon extended from both ends, and northwards via a branch from Baker Street. It reached Hammersmith in 1864, Richmond in 1877 and completed the ""Inner Circle"" in 1884, but the most important route was the line north into the Middlesex countryside, where it stimulated the development of new suburbs. Harrow was reached in 1880, and the line eventually extended to in Buckinghamshire, more than from Baker Street and the centre of London. Electric traction was introduced in"
"Light Railway. London and Greenwich Railway The London and Greenwich Railway (L&GR) was opened in London between 1836 and 1838. It was the first steam railway in the capital, the first to be built specifically for passengers, and the first entirely elevated railway. The idea for the line came from Colonel George Thomas Landmann, until 1824 a Royal Engineer, and George Walter, and the company was floated at a meeting on 25 November 1831. It would run from close to London Bridge, convenient for journeys to the City. It would be some long, on a viaduct of 878 brick arches,"
"Metropolitan Railway. The completion of the line in 1863 inaugurated the world's oldest mass transit system, the London Underground; it was created via the Cut-and-cover method of excavating a trench from above, then building reinforced brick walls and vaults to form the tunnel, and filling in the trench with earth. The Metropolitan ran from Farringdon in the east to Paddington in the west. The open wooden passenger cars were propelled by a steam locomotive and lit with gas lamps to provide illumination in the pitch-black tunnels. The line was such a success that an extension to the western suburb of"
"reach. Charles Pearson (1793–1862) had proposed the idea of an underground railway connecting the City of London with the relatively distant main-line termini in around 1840. Construction began in 1860. On 9 January 1863 the line opened as the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the world's first underground passenger railway. The MR was successful and grew steadily, extending its services and acquiring other local railways north and west of London. In 1872 Edward Watkin (1819–1901) was appointed its Chairman. A director of many railway companies, he had a vision of unifying a string of railways to create a single line from Manchester"
"1939 were converted for use as a protected control centre for the Central Electricity Board. Central London Railway The Central London Railway (CLR), also known as the Twopenny Tube, was a deep-level, underground ""tube"" railway that opened in London in 1900. The CLR's tunnels and stations form the central section of the London Underground's Central line. The railway company was established in 1889, funding for construction was obtained in 1895 through a syndicate of financiers and work took place from 1896 to 1900. When opened, the CLR served 13 stations and ran completely underground in a pair of tunnels for"
"extended to take 12-car trains. In 1863 the Metropolitan Railway (also known as the Met) opened the world's first underground railway. From Paddington the line was built using the ""cut-and-cover"" method beneath the New Road, connecting the main line railway termini at , and King's Cross, then followed Farringdon Road in tunnel and cutting to a station at Farringdon Street near Smithfield, near the capital's financial heart in the City. The service was initially provided by gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. With connections to the Great Western Railway (GWR) and Great Northern Railway (GNR) under construction and connections"
"one of only two Underground lines to cross the Greater London boundary (the other being the Central line). It is also the only Underground line with an express service at peak times. The longer distance between stops allows trains on this line to achieve the system's highest speeds of over on some sections. In 1863 the Metropolitan Railway began the world's first underground railway between Paddington and with wooden carriages and steam locomotives, but its most important route became the line north into the Middlesex countryside, where it stimulated the development of new suburbs. Harrow was reached in 1880, and"