Which South-East Asian country has nine state royal families, each of whose head takes it in turn to be King?
"East Asian model of capitalism The East Asian model (sometimes known as state-sponsored capitalism) is an economic system where the government invests in certain sectors of the economy in order to stimulate the growth of new (or specific) industries in the private sector. It generally refers to the model of development pursued in East Asian economies such as Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Hong Kong, Macau, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It has also been used to classify the contemporary economic system in Mainland China since the Deng Xiaoping economic reforms during the late 1970s. Key aspects of the East Asian model"
"king's discretion. However, sometimes recommendations are made by the Cabinet of Thailand and the Prime Minister. There are twelve Royal Orders and some of these have separate classes. Monarchy of Thailand The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically as the King of Siam; refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (formerly Siam). The King of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri. Although the current Chakri Dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy"
"India, including modern Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Nepal. ""See"" Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos ""See"" Principalia, the Sultanate of Maguindanao and the Sultanate of Sulu. In Thailand (formerly Siam), the title of Prince was divided into three classes depending on the rank of their mothers. Those who were born of a king and had a royal mother (a queen or princess consort) are titled ""Chaofa Chai"" (: literally, ""Male Celestial Lord""). Those born of a king and a commoner, or children of Chaofas, are tilted ""Phra Ong Chao"" (พระองค์เจ้า). The children of Phra Ong Chaos are titled ""Mom Chao"" (หม่อมเจ้า), abbreviated"
"the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (The Supreme Lord of the Federation) is ""de facto"" rotated every five years among the nine Rulers of the Malay states of Malaysia (those nine of the thirteen states of Malaysia that have hereditary royal rulers), elected by ""Majlis Raja-Raja"" (Conference of Rulers). Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, the Sultan of Brunei is the head of state with full executive authority, including emergency powers, since 1962. The Prime Minister of Brunei is a title held by the Sultan. As the prime minister, the Sultan presides over the cabinet. Cambodia has been a kingdom since the 1st century."
"(), fifteen kings and two queens regnant are recognized as the heads of state of sovereign states (i.e. English ""king"" or ""queen"" is used as official translation of the respective native titles held by the monarchs). Most of these are heads of state of constitutional monarchies; kings ruling over absolute monarchies are the King of Saudi Arabia, the King of Bahrain and the King of Eswatini. King King, or king regnant is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen regnant, while the title of queen on its own usually refers"
"and 9 of the 11 Peninsular states, known as the Malay states, retain their royal families. The King is elected by and from the nine rulers to serve a five-year term. This King appoints governors serving a four-year term for the states without monarchies, after consultations with the chief minister of that state. Each state has a unicameral legislature known as the State Legislative Assembly, and its own written constitution. Sabah and Sarawak have considerably more autonomy than the other states, most notably having separate immigration policies and controls, and a unique residency status. Federal intervention in state affairs, lack"
"Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej (; ; ; see full title below; 5 December 1927 – 13 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987, was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty as Rama IX. Reigning since 9 June 1946 he was, at the time of his death, the world's longest-reigning head of state, the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history and the longest-reigning monarch having reigned only as an adult, reigning for 70 years, 126 days. During his reign, he was served by a total of 30 prime ministers beginning with Pridi Banomyong and"
"a mystery that is not discussed within Thailand. On the same day as King Ananda Mahidol's death, by parliament’s unanimous decision, Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej, was invited to accede to the throne as King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand, the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty On 19 August 1946, the princess mother accompanied the new king back to Switzerland, where he resumed his studies at the University of Lausanne. He switched his choice of subjects from science to political science, law and economics, in order to better suit his new priorities. On 4 October 1948, King Bhumibol Adulyadej was"
"Singapore, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia, regardless of religious and cultural differences. In Thailand, the Navaratna is officially recognised as a national and royal symbol of the king. A high award given by the king is called ""Noppharat Ratchawaraphon"" (the Ancient Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems). The decoration consists of a single class (Knight). The insignia is: Late Thai astrologer ""Horacharn"" Thep Sarikabutr has given the meaning of these nine gems in his ""Parichad-Jataka"" (chapter 2, verse 21, page 35–36) translated as follows: """"Top quality and flawless ruby is the gem for the Sun, natural pearl for"
"Monarchy of Thailand The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically as the King of Siam; refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (formerly Siam). The King of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri. Although the current Chakri Dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots from the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to"
"one is a kingdom (Perlis), one an elective monarchy (Negeri Sembilan), while the remaining four states and the federal territories have non-monarchical systems of government. The head of state of the entire federation is a constitutional monarch styled Yang di-Pertuan Agong (In English, ""He who is made lord""). The Yang di-Pertuan is elected to a five-year term by the Conference of Rulers, made up of the nine state monarchs and the governors of the remaining states. A system of informal rotation exists between the nine state monarchs. On 12 July 2011, the Parliament of Montenegro passed the Law on the"
"by the new king, the royal family and other notables. The king dons a special diadem known as the ""Raven Crown"", symbolic not merely of his own authority, but also of the raven-faced protector deity of Bhutan, ""Legoen Jarog Dongchen"". As in neighboring Nepal (prior to 2008), the precise date for the ritual is selected by court astrologers. The Sultanate of Brunei crowns its ruler. The last such coronation was held on 1 August 1968, for the present Sultan, Hassanal Bolkiah in the Lapau, or ceremonial hall. Various items of royal regalia are exhibited at the Royal Regalia Building in"
"Monarchies of Malaysia The monarchies of Malaysia refer to the constitutional monarchy system as practised in Malaysia. The political system of Malaysia is based on the Westminster parliamentary system with the features of a federation. Nine of the states of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional Malay rulers. The nine states are collectively referred to as the ""Malay States"". State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay muslims of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on agnatic primogeniture; they are Kedah, Kelantan, Johor, Perlis, Pahang, Selangor and Terengganu. In Perak, the throne rotates among three branches of"
"do not participate in the selection. By informal agreement the position is systematically rotated among the nine, and has been held by Muhammad V of Kelantan since December 2016. The King's role has been largely ceremonial since changes to the constitution in 1994, picking ministers and members of the upper house. Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures. The bicameral federal parliament consists of the lower house, the House of Representatives and the upper house, the Senate. The 222-member House of Representatives is elected for a maximum term of five years from single-member constituencies. All 70 senators sit"
"the Commonwealth that recognise the Queen as their monarch. When the monarch dies, the successor to the crown does not automatically become Head of the Commonwealth. However, at their meeting in April 2018, Commonwealth leaders agreed that Prince Charles should succeed his mother as head. The position is symbolic, representing the free association of independent members, the majority of which (31) are republics, and five have monarchs of different royal houses (Brunei, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malaysia, and Tonga). The main decision-making forum of the organisation is the biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM), where Commonwealth heads of government, including (amongst"
"kingdoms, are known as the Malay states. Each Malay state has a hereditary ruler as titular head of state and an executive Chief Minister or ""Menteri Besar"" as politically responsible head of government. The rulers of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor and Terengganu are styled Sultans. Negeri Sembilan's elective ruler holds the title of ""Yamtuan Besar"", whereas the ruler of Perlis is titled ""Raja"". The federal head of state, the ""Yang di-Pertuan Agong"" (commonly referred to as ""King"" in English) is elected (de facto rotated) among the nine rulers to serve a 5-year term. Former British settlements and crown"
"no constitutional requirement that power be passed down within one family, but it has occurred in practice. There are also elective monarchies where ultimate power is vested in a monarch, but the monarch is chosen by some manner of election. A current example of such a state is Malaysia where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected every five years by the Conference of Rulers composed of the nine hereditary rulers of the Malay states and the Vatican City-State, where the pope is selected by cardinal-electors, currently all cardinals under a specific age. While rare today, elective monarchs were common in"
"declared martial law and nationwide curfew, banned political gatherings, arrested and detained politicians and anti-coup activists, imposed internet censorship and taken control of the media. The King of Thailand, King Vajiralongkorn (or Rama X), is the current monarch, reigning since the death of his father Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) on 13 October 2016, in actuality he has only exercised the role of monarch since 1 December 2016. The constitution stipulates that although the sovereignty of the state is vested in the people, the king will exercise such powers through the three branches of the Thai government. Under the constitution the"
"le Ao o le Malo, the Samoan head of state, has since the country's independence enjoyed the title of ""Highness"", as do the heads of the four paramount chiefly dynasties. However, as all of the heads of state, elected by the ""Fono"", the country's parliament (which is itself almost entirely composed of customary chiefs), since independence have been one of the four chiefs, it is ambiguous as to whether the country constitutes a parliamentary republic or a democratic elective monarchy. In Saudi Arabia, all members of the royal family have the title of Emir (Prince) but sons, daughters, patrilineal granddaughters"
"and headship of the dynasty. The title was created in 1886 when King Chulalongkorn appointed his eldest son by Princess Consort Savang Vadhana, Prince Vajirunhis as Sayam Makutrajakuman. The title was copied directly from the Western tradition. Since then, there has only been three crown princes. The most recent crown prince, Maha Vajiralongkorn, was invested with the title in 1972 and became King in 2016. The succession is governed by the 1924 Palace Law of Succession passed by King Vajiravudh. Chakri dynasty The Chakri dynasty (; , , Pronunciation) is the current ruling royal house of the Kingdom of Thailand,"
"of both the badge and the star of the order. The nine gems and the corresponding benefits that they bestow on their bearers are: The decoration consists of a single class (knight). The insignia are: Order of the Nine Gems The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems (; ) was established in 1851 by King Rama IV of the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand). The order is bestowed upon the members of the Thai royal family and distinguished high-ranking officials who have given service to the kingdom and who are Buddhist. In practice, it is the highest Thai"
"affected the individuals who could become Crown Prince. Since its creation three Princes have been raised to this title, and two have succeeded to the throne. List of heirs apparent and heirs presumptive since 1886, those in bold succeeded to the throne as King. Crown Prince of Thailand The Crown Prince of Thailand (or Siam; ; ) is a title held by the heir apparent to the Thai throne. First created by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) in 1886, for his son Prince Maha Vajirunhis, the king's eldest son by a royal wife Queen Savang Vadhana. Prior to this, the Siamese"
"dead by a bullet wound to the forehead. His younger brother Prince Bhumibol Adulyadej was later proclaimed king as Rama IX. As he was only 19 years old, a regency council was to rule in his stead. King Rama VIII was never formally crowned, so only a seven-tiered umbrella was hung above his funerary urn. However, on 13 August, the government declared that the nine-tiered umbrella and other regalia should be presented to his remains and his regnal title changed posthumously by adding the prefix ""Phrabat"", making him a fully consecrated king. In late-1946 King Rama IX left Thailand and"
"Order of the Nine Gems The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems (; ) was established in 1851 by King Rama IV of the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand). The order is bestowed upon the members of the Thai royal family and distinguished high-ranking officials who have given service to the kingdom and who are Buddhist. In practice, it is the highest Thai order granted to Thai citizens, as the two higher orders are reserved for royalty or foreign heads of state. Members of the order are entitled to use the postnominals น.ร. The order is based on"
"the royal family loosely based on agnatic seniority. One state, Negeri Sembilan, is an elective monarchy; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers except those of Perlis and Negeri Sembilan use the title ""Sultan"". The ruler of Perlis is styled ""Raja"", while the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as ""Yang Di Pertuan Besar"". Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene in the Conference of Rulers () to elect among themselves the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the federal constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. As the"
"as Siam became a parliamentary democracy in 1932 after a bloodless revolution. However the idea of a separate head of government in Thailand is not new. Prior to 1932 Thailand was ruled by absolute monarchs, who acted as both the head of state and the government. However, during the middle and latter reigns of the Chakri Dynasty, several individuals were perceived to hold a post equivalent to a head of government. During the reign of King Mongkut, Somdet Chao Phraya Si Suriyawongse had a very significant role in an otherwise absolutist system. During the reign of King Chulalongkorn, Prince Damrong"
"Monarchies in Oceania There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head, who is recognised as the head of state. Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the sovereign inherits his or her office, usually keeps it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. Five of these independent states share Queen Elizabeth II as their respective head of state, making them part of a global grouping known as the Commonwealth realms; in addition, all monarchies of Oceania are"
"House of Bolkiah The House of Bolkiah is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam. It is composed of the descendants of the 1st sultan Sultan Muhammad Shah and his family. The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei. He is also head of government in his capacity as Prime Minister. Since independence from the British in 1984, only one Sultan has reigned, though the royal institution dates back to the 14th century. The Sultan of Brunei can be thought of as synonymous with the ruling House of Bolkiah, with descendency being traced from"
"home state's title (if any). As an example, the current Prime Minister, Dr Mahathir will be titled as follows: A style carried by virtue of royal title always trumps those carried by non-royal titles. Male royals may choose to append ""al-Haj"" to their name instead of using ""Haji"". The following example is correct: The following titles are hereditary and reserved for royal families of the royal families of Brunei and nine royal states of Malaysia. The following styles and official titles are used for members of the royal house in Brunei: For those who have blood-ties with the royal family"
"just """"Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej"""". The literal translation of the title was as follows: Namesakes Biographies Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej (; ; ; see full title below; 5 December 1927 – 13 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great in 1987, was the ninth monarch of Thailand from the Chakri dynasty as Rama IX. Reigning since 9 June 1946 he was, at the time of his death, the world's longest-reigning head of state, the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history and the longest-reigning monarch having reigned only as an adult, reigning for 70 years,"
"as Morocco and Thailand), or is practiced today (such as the Zulu nation and the various Yoruba polities), the number of wives of the king varies. In Morocco, King Mohammed VI has broken with tradition and given his wife, Lalla Salma, the title of princess. Prior to the reign of King Mohammed VI, the Moroccan monarchy had no such title. In Thailand, the king and queen must both be of royal descent. The king's other consorts are accorded royal titles that confer status. Other cultures maintain different traditions on queenly status. A Zulu chieftain designates one of his wives as"
"Kanchanasinghat"" Throne (). The throne is topped by the massive Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella, an important symbol of Thai kingship. The different tiers represents the king's power and prestige which extends in eight directions: the four cardinal directions and the four sub cardinal directions. The final and ninth tier represents the central direction descending into the earth. These giant umbrellas usually deposited above important royal thrones, and out of the seven of which are currently in Bangkok, six of these umbrellas are situated within the vicinity of the Grand Palace and another is situated above the throne within the Ananta Samakhom"
"of Avalokiteśvara, may be attributed to the Chinese presence in Thailand. While Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, it inherited a strong Southeast Asian tradition of Buddhist kingship that tied the legitimacy of the state to its protection and support for Buddhist institutions. This connection has been maintained into the modern era, with Buddhist institutions and clergy being granted special benefits by the government, as well as being subjected to a certain amount of governmental oversight. Part of the coronation of the Thai monarch includes the king proceeding to the chapel royal (the Wat Phra Kaew) to vow to be a"