What 1908 satirical work by the Nobel Prize winning French author Anatole France describes a fictitious island of great auks that exists on the northern coast of Europe?
""". He was elected to the Académie française in 1896. France took an important part in the Dreyfus affair. He signed Émile Zola's manifesto supporting Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish army officer who had been falsely convicted of espionage. France wrote about the affair in his 1901 novel ""Monsieur Bergeret"". France's later works include ""L'Île des Pingouins"" (""Penguin Island"", 1908) which satirizes human nature by depicting the transformation of penguins into humans – after the animals have been baptized by mistake by the nearsighted Abbot Mael. It is a satirical history of France, starting in Medieval times, going on to the"
"in northern Anvers Island, Palmer Archipelago. First charted by the French Antarctic Expedition (1903–05) under J.B. Charcot, who named the bay for French naval officer Contre-amiral Richard d'Abnour. Anvers Island was the scene of the protagonist Grim Fiddle's ""kingdom"" and his later imprisonment in John Calvin Batchelor's novel ""The Birth of the People's Republic of Antarctica"". Fiddle was an adventurer in a dystopian future world with many references to Norse mythology. Anvers Island Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was"
"attached to the mainland only at low tide, and lived in the sole dwelling on the island. His Nobel Peace Prize medal and accompanying scroll are held by the Imperial War Museum. Angell is most widely remembered for his 1909 pamphlet, ""Europe's Optical Illusion,"" which was published the following year (and many years thereafter) as the book, ""The Great Illusion"". (The anti-war film ""La Grande Illusion"" took its title from his pamphlet.) The thesis of the book was that the integration of the economies of European countries had grown to such a degree that war between them would be entirely"
"to the islands. There are also populations of wild sheep (""Ovis orientalis orientalis"") and reindeer. In the 1950s and 1960s, French geologist Edgar Albert de la Rue began to introduce several species of salmonids. Of the seven species introduced, only brook trout and brown trout survived to establish wild populations. The islands appear in a number of fictional works. The title character in Edgar Allan Poe's 1838 novel, ""The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket"", visits the islands. French writer Jules Verne's 1897 novel ""An Antarctic Mystery"" offers a follow up to Poe's book, and revisits the Kerguelen Islands."
"(ASPA) 134. Midas Island Midas Island is an island lying north-west of Apéndice Island in Hughes Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first seen by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache in 1898 and described as an island with two summits ""like the ears of an ass"". The name, given by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960, derives from this description; Midas, King of Phrygia, was represented in Greek satyric drama with the ears of an ass. The island forms part of the Cierva Point and offshore islands Important Bird Area and Antarctic Specially"
"scare other potential criminals straight. This system was gradually phased out and has been completely shut down since 1953. Nowadays the islands are a popular tourist destination. The islands were featured in the novel ""Papillon"", by Henri Charrière. He was imprisoned here for 9 years. Joseph Conrad's short story ""An Anarchist"" (1906) is largely set in Salvation's Islands. Salvation's Islands The Salvation's Islands (French: Îles du Salut, so called because the missionaries went there to escape plague on the mainland; sometimes mistakenly called Safety Islands) are a group of small islands of volcanic origin about off the coast of French"
"times, its size is about 9 metres by 1.5 metres; several upright stones support two large stone slabs. The writer Joseph Conrad stayed at a house in Île-Grande from 7 April to 14 August 1896, during his honeymoon. He worked there on his novel ""The Rescue"". His short story ""The Idiots"" was set in the area, and includes many details observed during his stay there; granite-quarrying is mentioned, which was important for the island at that time. Île-Grande Île-Grande (""Enez-Veur"" in Breton) is an island on the north coast of Brittany (France), linked to the mainland by a road. Its"
"Midas Island Midas Island is an island lying north-west of Apéndice Island in Hughes Bay, off the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was first seen by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache in 1898 and described as an island with two summits ""like the ears of an ass"". The name, given by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1960, derives from this description; Midas, King of Phrygia, was represented in Greek satyric drama with the ears of an ass. The island forms part of the Cierva Point and offshore islands Important Bird Area and Antarctic Specially Protected Area"
"black-backed gulls, razorbills, Leach's storm-petrels, great cormorants, double-crested cormorants, Atlantic puffins, boreal chickadees and blackpoll warblers can also be observed on Bonaventure. Bonaventure Island has been an important source of inspiration to numerous artists and poets. The surrealist writer André Breton declared that, while working on his novel ""Arcane 17"", as he stayed in Percé (1944), he would never tire watching the birds of the Island. The Island never ceased attracting painters and writers : the American painter Frederick James (d. 1905), Franco-Germans Claire et Yvan Goll (1946), — by the sixties several artists would spend the summer on the"
"Hugo Island Hugo Island (or Víctor Hugo) is an isolated ice-covered island long, with several rocky islets and pinnacles off its east side, located off the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, about southwest of Cape Monaco, Anvers Island. It was probably discovered by C.J. Evensen, captain of the ""Peninsula"" in 1893, because an unnamed island of similar extent and location first appeared on the charts at that time. The island was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Dr. J.B. Charcot, who named it for the French poet and novelist Victor Hugo, grandfather of Charcot's first wife, whose"
"maiden name was Jeanne Hugo. Hugo Island Hugo Island (or Víctor Hugo) is an isolated ice-covered island long, with several rocky islets and pinnacles off its east side, located off the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, about southwest of Cape Monaco, Anvers Island. It was probably discovered by C.J. Evensen, captain of the ""Peninsula"" in 1893, because an unnamed island of similar extent and location first appeared on the charts at that time. The island was charted by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Dr. J.B. Charcot, who named it for the French poet and novelist Victor Hugo, grandfather"
"on its head. They tied it up and kept it alive for three days, until a large storm arose. Believing that the bird was a witch and was causing the storm, they then killed it by beating it with a stick. The last colony of great auks lived on Geirfuglasker (the ""Great Auk Rock"") off Iceland. This islet was a volcanic rock surrounded by cliffs that made it inaccessible to humans, but in 1830, the islet submerged after a volcanic eruption, and the birds moved to the nearby island of Eldey, which was accessible from a single side. When the"
"published the article. Later, when Lukyanenko admitted the hoax to Neverov, they tried to trace the origin of the article that had inspired the joke, and found that it itself was a joke by a local journalist. Barsa-Kelmes Barsa-Kelmes (; from Kazakh: ""the place of no return"") is a former island, the largest in the Aral Sea. Its area was 133 km in the 1980s, but as the sea became more shallow it steadily grew, until in the 1990s it ceased to be an island. Its highest altitude is 113 m. It encompasses the Barsa-Kelmes Nature Reserve. Because of the"
"Anvers Island Anvers Island or Antwerp Island or Antwerpen Island or Isla Amberes is a high, mountainous island long, the largest in the Palmer Archipelago of Antarctica. It was discovered by John Biscoe in 1832 and named in 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache after the province of Antwerp in Belgium. It lies south-west of Brabant Island at the south-western end of the group. The south-western coastline of the island forms part of the Southwest Anvers Island and Palmer Basin Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA 7). Cormorant Island, an Important Bird Area, lies 1 km off"
"Île d'Or The île d'Or is a private island located at the east of the city of Saint-Raphaël in France, facing the Dramon cap. This small island is composed of porphyry (russet rocks) and surmounted by a tower reminiscent of the Middle Ages said to have been the inspiration for The Black Island in Hergé's ""The Adventures of Tintin"" series. Viewed from the sea from the left side of the tower, a rock, commonly thought to resemble the profile of a gorilla, also recalls the comic books of Hergé. The îles d'Hyères, in the same region, are also called ""the"
"intended to mean the natural white patches on the bird's face.) Enid Blyton's ""The Island of Adventure"", features the bird's extinction, sending the protagonist on a failed search for what he believes is a lost colony of the species. The great auk also is present in a wide variety of other works of fiction. In the short story ""The Harbor-Master"", by Robert W. Chambers, the discovery and attempted recovery of the last known pair of great auks is central to the plot (which also involves a proto-H.P. Lovecraftian element of suspense). The story first appeared in ""Ainslee's Magazine"" (Aug 1889)"
"of the novel """", Alexandre Dumas, père's second sequel to ""The Three Musketeers"". Dumas has his character Aramis fortify the island (in place of Vauban, historically) and Porthos dies there, in the caves of Locmaria. Belle Île Belle-Île, Belle-Île-en-Mer, or Belle Isle (ar Gerveur in Modern Breton; Guedel in Old Breton) is a French island off the coast of Brittany in the ""département"" of Morbihan, and the largest of Brittany's islands. It is from the Quiberon peninsula. Administratively, the island is divided into four communes: Belle-Île formed a canton until 2015 when it was merged into Quiberon as part of"
"enjoyed victories in Asia Minor in 1302 and 1311. The Isle of Miracles (""Imede saar""; 1964) This short novel forms an interlude in Ristikivi's production. It is an allegory, based in part on the works of famous utopian authors such as Thomas More and Tommaso Campanella, and especially the Platonic idea of a good society. The utopia is an archipelago called Allotria, which has features of our modern Western society. Mankind has here become a victim of its own freedom. The book is therefore an anti-utopian work. Allotria is pitted against the Heliodorian realm that is the remains of a"
"in a village on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula, known today as L'Anse aux Meadows. Remnants and artifacts of the occupation can still be seen at L'Anse aux Meadows, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The island was inhabited by the Beothuks (known as ""skrælingjar"" in Greenlandic Norse) and later by Mi'kmaq. From the late 15th Century, European explorers like John Cabot, João Fernandes Lavrador, Gaspar Corte-Real, Jacques Cartier and others began exploration. John Cabot (1450–1499), commissioned by King Henry VII of England, landed on the North East coast of North America in 1497. The exact location of"
"east of Surtsey in the Vestmannaeyjar. It, and the fate of the great auk, is mentioned (spelled ""Gairfowlskerry"") in ""The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby"" by Charles Kingsley. Geirfuglasker Geirfuglasker (""Great Auk Rock"") was a small islet near Reykjanes, Iceland. It was volcanic rock with steep sides except for two landing places. The rough surf around the island usually made it inaccessible to humans, and one of the last refuges for the flightless bird, the great auk (which was also called ""garefowl"" — ""geirfugl"" in Icelandic). In a volcanic eruption in 1830 this rock submerged. The surviving"
"fish, and the description of the livestock in Nineveh fasting alongside their owners is ""silly"". The motif of a protagonist being swallowed by a giant fish or whale became a stock trope of later satirical writings. Similar incidents are recounted in Lucian of Samosata's ""A True Story"", which was written in the second century CE, and in the novel ""Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia"", published by Rudolf Erich Raspe in 1785. The story of a man surviving after being swallowed by a whale or giant fish is classified as ATU 1889G. Though it is"
"Anse aux Anglais Anse aux Anglais or English Bay is a small coastal village located in the north of the Mauritian island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. Its name, French for ""English Bay,"" is apparently linked with the fact that English troops landed on its beach in 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain. French writer of Mauritian origin, J. M. G. Le Clézio situated the plot of his book ""Le Chercheur d’or"" in this village. The village is about 2 km from the main location, Port Mathurin. The main economic activities are tourism and fishing."
"Anse aux Anglais Anse aux Anglais or English Bay is a small coastal village located in the north of the Mauritian island of Rodrigues in the Indian Ocean. Its name, French for ""English Bay,"" is apparently linked with the fact that English troops landed on its beach in 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain. French writer of Mauritian origin, J. M. G. Le Clézio situated the plot of his book ""Le Chercheur d’or"" in this village. The village is about 2 km from the main location, Port Mathurin. The main economic activities are tourism and fishing."
"Château d'If The Château d'If is a fortress (later a prison) located on the island of If, the smallest island in the Frioul archipelago situated in the Mediterranean Sea about offshore in the Bay of Marseille in southeastern France. It is famous for being one of the settings of Alexandre Dumas' adventure novel ""The Count of Monte Cristo"". ""If"" is the French word for the yew tree. Île d'If measures and is located west of the Old Port of Marseille. The entire island is heavily fortified; high ramparts with gun platforms surmount the cliffs that rise steeply from the surrounding"
"îles d'Or"" (Golden islands). Île d'Or The île d'Or is a private island located at the east of the city of Saint-Raphaël in France, facing the Dramon cap. This small island is composed of porphyry (russet rocks) and surmounted by a tower reminiscent of the Middle Ages said to have been the inspiration for The Black Island in Hergé's ""The Adventures of Tintin"" series. Viewed from the sea from the left side of the tower, a rock, commonly thought to resemble the profile of a gorilla, also recalls the comic books of Hergé. The îles d'Hyères, in the same region,"
"1861. Alexander Kondratyev's prose included mythological novel ""Satyress"" (1907) and collection of mythological stories ""White Goat"" (1908), both based on Greek myths. ""Journeys and Adventures of Nicodemus the Elder"" (1917) by Aleksey Skaldin is a Gnostic fantasy. Nikolai Chernyshevsky's influential ""What Is to Be Done?"" (1863) included a utopian dream of the far future, which became a prototype for many socialist utopias. A noted example is the duology by Marxist philosopher Alexander Bogdanov, ""Red Star"" and ""Engineer Menni"". Some plays of another Marxist, Anatoly Lunacharsky, propose his philosophical ideas in fantastic disguise. Other socialist utopias include ""Diary of André"" (1897)"
"Europa Island Europa Island () is a low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family ""Rosier"" moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897. The island, garrisoned by a detachment from Réunion, has a weather station and is visited by scientists. Though uninhabited, it is part of the ""Scattered Islands"" of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands administrative region. Europa Island was the setting of a 1968 episode of ""The Undersea World"
"to its location on the periphery of both the Ottoman and European economic spheres, and depending for its existence on a Mediterranean that was increasingly controlled by European shipping, backed by European navies, piracy became the primary economic activity. Repeated attempts were made by various nations to subdue the pirates that disturbed shipping in the western Mediterranean and engaged in slave raids as far north as Iceland. The United States fought two wars (the First and Second Barbary Wars) over Algiers' attacks on shipping. Among the notable people held for ransom was the future Spanish novelist Miguel de Cervantes, who"
"mounted skins were destroyed in the twentieth century, one in the Mainz Museum during the Second World War, and one in the Museu Bocage, Lisbon that was destroyed by a fire in 1978. The great auk is one of the more frequently referenced extinct birds in literature, much as the famous Dodo. It appears in many works of children's literature. Charles Kingsley's ""The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby"" depicts a great auk telling the tale of the extinction of its species. (In this image, Kingsley's artist played with or misunderstood the words ""large pair of white spectacles"","
"Baie Larose Baie Larose, or Larose Bay in English, is a bay of Grande Terre, the main island of the subantarctic Kerguelen archipelago, a French territory in the southern Indian Ocean. It is important as a breeding site for seabirds, especially penguins. The bay lies on the southern coast of Grande Terre, west of Mont Ross and Gallieni Massif, and encompassing the mouth of Fjord Larose and the tilted monolith known as the ""Doigt de Sainte Anne"" (Saint Anne’s Finger). The bay, with part of the south-western slopes of Mont Ross, has been identified as a 20 km Important Bird"
"is a mistranscription of ""d'Orkney"". The voyage supposedly traversed the North Atlantic and, according to some interpretations, reached North America. Most historians regard the map and accompanying narrative as a hoax, perpetrated by the younger Zeno to make a retroactive claim for Venice as having discovered the New World before Christopher Columbus. The evidence against the authenticity of the map is based largely on the appearance of many phantom islands in the North Atlantic and off the coast of Iceland. One of these non-existent islands was Frisland, where the Zeno brothers allegedly spent some time. Current scholarship regards the map"
"a fictional country located in the Atlantic Ocean, to the coasts of France and south of Britannia. The word “kuchen” is the German word for “cake”, and most of the places and people are also German-based. Other notable cities are Kirsche (“cherry”), Erdbeere (“strawberry”) and Mürbe (“shortcrust”). Kuchen is a monarchy. The king of Kuchen decided that his country would not get involved in the disheveled politics of a world between two world wars. The king is aided by several scholars with strong backgrounds and logical minds, who earned recognition from the Kuchen church. They are men with a noble"
"a stone boat and rows up to the nest. Arrow-Odd is taken by this giant to Giantland where he spends some time, before continuing an extraordinary life that is destined to last for three hundred years. The English poet Geoffrey Chaucer wrote a work sometime around 1380 in which the poet himself is carried by an eagle up into the sky, near to the stars, to a place called the House of Fame, where he finds ancient writers and poets such as Orpheus and Simon Magus still living. The eagle then takes Geoffrey to a strange building built of ""twigges"""