Who, along with her husband, founded the first birth-control clinic in the UK?
"run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London. Contraception was legal in the United States throughout most of the 19th century, but in the 1870s a social purity movement grew in strength, aimed at outlawing vice in general, and prostitution and obscenity in particular. Composed primarily of Protestant moral reformers and middle-class women, the Victorian-era campaign also attacked contraception, which was viewed as an immoral practice that promoted prostitution and venereal disease. Anthony Comstock, a postal inspector and leader in the purity movement,"
"birth control clinic in England, the first of its kind. By 1921, Marie had opened the Mothers' Clinic for Constructive Birth Control in Holloway, north London and then a second clinic in Walworth, south London which Helena visited. Helena discovered Marie had been badly affected by losing a protracted libel action she had initiated against the Roman Catholic Church. In Helena's view this had left Marie bitter, bordering on paranoia, as well as resentful towards the medical profession, almost exclusively male at the time, which had been opposed to her views that women should receive birth control advice from trained"
"include the militant suffragette Lady Constance Lytton, feminist novelist Vera Brittain, Emily Pethick-Lawrence (former Treasurer of the Womens’ Social and Political Union), Rev Maude Royden (Women’s Suffrage Societies). Later supporters included eminent economist John Maynard Keynes. Three months later she and Roe opened the Mothers' Clinic at 61 Marlborough Road, Holloway, North London, on 17 March 1921. The clinic was run by midwives and supported by visiting doctors. It offered mothers birth control advice, taught them birth control methods and dispensed Stopes own ""Pro-Race"" (and later the ""Racial"") cervical caps. The free clinic was open to all married women for"
"a national figure. Its success was followed up with ""Wise Parenthood: a Book for Married People"", a manual on birth control, published later that year. She originally tried to publicize her message through the dissemination of pamphlets in the slums of East London, but this approach failed to work,as the working class was too mistrustful of well-intentioned meddlers at the time. In 1921, after years of planning, Stopes and her husband Humphrey Verdon Roe opened the Mothers' Clinic in Holloway, North London. The clinic, run by midwives and supported by visiting doctors, offered mothers birth control advice and taught them"
"municipal clinics; this led to the opening of a second clinic in Greengate, Salford in 1926. Throughout the 1920s, Stopes and other feminist pioneers, including Dora Russell and Stella Browne, played a major role in breaking down taboos about sex. In April 1930 the Birth Control Conference assembled 700 delegates and was successful in bringing birth control and abortion into the political sphere – three months later, the Ministry of Health, in the United Kingdom, allowed local authorities to give birth-control advice in welfare centres. The National Birth Control Association was founded in Britain in 1931, and became the Family"
"Mary Barton (obstetrician) Mary Barton founded a fertility clinic in Portland Place, London and later in Wimpole Street London with her husband Bertold Wiesner in the late 1930s, and it did not close until 1967. It is assumed that all records were destroyed when the practice closed. The clinic pioneered artificial insemination using donor sperm for women whose husbands may have been infertile. The clinic helped women conceive 1,500 babies, nicknamed the 'Barton Brood', although the exact records appear to have been destroyed in 1963 owing to the social taboos and lack of regulation surrounding the subject. Mary Barton's motivation"
"Margaret Sanger Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ""birth control"", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger used her writings and speeches primarily to promote her way of thinking. She was prosecuted for her book ""Family Limitation"" under the Comstock Act in 1914. She was afraid of what would happen, so she fled to Britain until she"
"Alice Vickery Alice Vickery (also known as A. Vickery Drysdale and A. Drysdale Vickery; 1844 – 12 January 1929) was an English physician, campaigner for women's rights, and the first British woman to qualify as a chemist and pharmacist. She and her life partner, Charles Robert Drysdale, also a physician, actively supported a number of causes, including free love, birth control, and destigmatisation of illegitimacy. Vickery was born in Devon in 1844 to a piano maker and organ builder. By 1861, she had moved to South London. Vickery began her medical career at the Ladies' Medical College in 1869. There"
"contraceptives"". The Catholic Church's reaction was more strident, marking the start of a conflict that lasted the rest of Stopes' life. In 1917, before meeting Marie Stopes, Humphrey Roe offered to endow a birth control clinic attached to St Mary's Hospital in Manchester. He proposed all patients would be married and that no abortions would be done, but his offer was declined. This was a serious issue for Roe; after their marriage, he and Stopes planned to open a clinic for poor mothers in London. Margaret Sanger, another birth-control pioneer, had opened a birth control clinic in New York but"
"1877 in the United Kingdom to educate the public about the importance of family planning and to advocate for getting rid of penalties for promoting birth control. It was founded during the ""Knowlton trial"" of Annie Besant and Charles Bradlaugh, who were prosecuted for publishing on various methods of birth control. In the United States, Margaret Sanger and Otto Bobsein popularized the phrase ""birth control"" in 1914. Sanger primarily advocated for birth control on the idea that it would prevent women from seeking unsafe abortions, but during her lifetime, she began to campaign for it on the grounds that it"
"Charles Robert Drysdale. Their son was Charles Vickery Drysdale FRSE (1874-1961). Alice Vickery Alice Vickery (also known as A. Vickery Drysdale and A. Drysdale Vickery; 1844 – 12 January 1929) was an English physician, campaigner for women's rights, and the first British woman to qualify as a chemist and pharmacist. She and her life partner, Charles Robert Drysdale, also a physician, actively supported a number of causes, including free love, birth control, and destigmatisation of illegitimacy. Vickery was born in Devon in 1844 to a piano maker and organ builder. By 1861, she had moved to South London. Vickery began"
"and pamphlets Periodicals Collections and anthologies Speeches Margaret Sanger Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ""birth control"", opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Sanger used her writings and speeches primarily to promote her way of thinking. She was prosecuted for her book ""Family Limitation"" under the Comstock Act in 1914. She was afraid of what would happen,"
"Helena Rosa Wright Helena Rosa Wright (17 September 1887 – 21 March 1982) was an English pioneer and influential figure in birth control and family planning both in Britain and internationally. With her husband she undertook missionary work in China for five years. She qualified as a medical doctor, later specialising in contraception medicine. Helena became renowned as an educator and also as a campaigner for government funded family planning services and became associated with international organisations promoting population control programmes. She was the author of several books and training guides on birth control, sex education and sex therapy. Helena's"
"to promote the profile of population related matters within the agendas of governments, policy research bodies and non-governmental organisations, with the aim of increasing support for investment in voluntary family planning programmes that respect and protect rights. The Margaret Pyke Centre is the hub of a network of contraceptive clinics in London. The Centre was designed by Jane Drew and opened in 1969 by the Duke of Edinburgh at the invitation of Lady Medawar. Margaret Pyke Margaret Amy Pyke (1893–1966) was a British family planning activist and pioneer. A founding member of the British National Birth Control Committee (NBCC), later"
"Humphrey Verdon Roe Humphrey Verdon Roe (18 April 1878 – 27 July 1949) was a British businessman, a philanthropist, aircraft manufacturer and the usually unacknowledged co-founder of Britain's first and most successful birth control clinic along with Marie Stopes, who became his wife. He was the father of the British philosopher Harry Stopes-Roe. Roe was from Manchester, son of Edwin Roe and Annie Verdon, and younger brother of Alliot Verdon Roe. After leaving school he enlisted as an officer in the Manchester Regiment and served in the Boer War. In February 1902 he returned to Birmingham and took control of"
"confidential and relaxing atmosphere. ""She affected profound change at a time of enormous adversity"" http://www.cdnmedhall.org/inductees/dr-elizabeth-bagshaw Elizabeth Bagshaw Elizabeth Catherine Bagshaw, (October 1881 – January 5, 1982) was one of Canada's first woman doctors, and the medical director of the first birth control clinic in Canada located in Hamilton, Ontario. Born on a farm in Mariposa Township, Victoria County, Ontario to John and Eliza Bagshaw. Bagshaw's sister, Annie, remarked that from a young age she had a brilliant memory, and school work came easily for her. Her father died in July 1904 in a farm accident, which left Bagshawin charge of"
"Calthorpe Clinic The Calthorpe Clinic is an abortion clinic in Edgbaston, Birmingham, England that first opened in 1969. It was the first clinic in the United Kingdom opened exclusively for abortions. It was erected at Arthur Road in a building that was previously an old people's home and started out with 18 beds. Since its opening, the clinic provided surgical and medical terminations for thousands of women each year. Nowadays it also provides sterilisation, and vasectomy services. The establishment is the single largest abortion clinic in the UK with an annual caseload of around 10,000 clients. Approximately 85% of the"
"ensure that the man authorising the use of frozen embryos is indeed the father. Bourn Hall Clinic Bourn Hall Clinic in Bourn, Cambridgeshire, UK, is a centre for the treatment of infertility. The original building, ""Bourn Hall"", is about 400 years old. Since becoming a medical centre, it has been greatly extended. Bourn Hall Clinic was founded in 1980 by IVF pioneers Mr Patrick Steptoe, embryologist Jean Purdy and Professor Robert Edwards, who were responsible for the conception of Louise Brown, the world's first IVF or test-tube baby in 1977. Since its foundation the clinic has assisted in the conception"
"Margaret O'Flynn Margaret Ellen Mary O'Flynn (January 1920 – 22 September 2014), known professionally as Margaret Foley, was a British gynaecologist and pioneer of contraception services for women. She dedicated most of her career to the improvement of women's health in Portsmouth and south east Hampshire, which witnessed a flourishing range of facilities and services in family planning, women's sexual health, and the management of the menopause, as a result of her determination. She was born Margaret Boulton at Talke of the Hill, Staffordshire, in January 1920, the eldest daughter of Ernest and Edith Boulton. She became head girl at"
"Brook Advisory Centres Brook Advisory Centres were set up by Lady Helen Brook in 1964 offering contraceptive advice to young single people under the age of 25. Brook was asked in 1958 by the Eugenics Society to run the birth control clinic they had just been bequeathed by Marie Stopes. This clinic, unlike the Family Planning Association where Brook had previously worked, was not required to confine its service to married women or women who could prove that they were very shortly to be married. The work of the Centres was facilitated by the National Health Service (Family Planning) Act"
"Elizabeth Bagshaw Elizabeth Catherine Bagshaw, (October 1881 – January 5, 1982) was one of Canada's first woman doctors, and the medical director of the first birth control clinic in Canada located in Hamilton, Ontario. Born on a farm in Mariposa Township, Victoria County, Ontario to John and Eliza Bagshaw. Bagshaw's sister, Annie, remarked that from a young age she had a brilliant memory, and school work came easily for her. Her father died in July 1904 in a farm accident, which left Bagshawin charge of the family farm which spanned 89 hectares. By the first week of October 1904, Bagshaw"
"contemporary research into the structure of DNA, and likely believed that after the destruction of the records, their actions would be untraceable. Mary Barton (obstetrician) Mary Barton founded a fertility clinic in Portland Place, London and later in Wimpole Street London with her husband Bertold Wiesner in the late 1930s, and it did not close until 1967. It is assumed that all records were destroyed when the practice closed. The clinic pioneered artificial insemination using donor sperm for women whose husbands may have been infertile. The clinic helped women conceive 1,500 babies, nicknamed the 'Barton Brood', although the exact records"
"Bourn Hall Clinic Bourn Hall Clinic in Bourn, Cambridgeshire, UK, is a centre for the treatment of infertility. The original building, ""Bourn Hall"", is about 400 years old. Since becoming a medical centre, it has been greatly extended. Bourn Hall Clinic was founded in 1980 by IVF pioneers Mr Patrick Steptoe, embryologist Jean Purdy and Professor Robert Edwards, who were responsible for the conception of Louise Brown, the world's first IVF or test-tube baby in 1977. Since its foundation the clinic has assisted in the conception of over 10,000 babies. Following the death of Patrick Steptoe in 1988, Peter Brinsden"
"health. The global partnership took over responsibility for the main clinic, and in 1978 it began its work overseas in New Delhi, India. Since then the organisation has grown steadily; today it works in over 40 countries, has 452 clinics and has offices in London, Brussels, Melbourne and in the US. In 1922, Dr Halliday Sutherland wrote a book called ""Birth Control: A Statement of Christian Doctrine Against the Neo Malthusians"". In the inter-war years, the terms ""birth control"" and ""eugenics"" were closely related; according to Jane Carey they were ""so intertwined as to be synonymous"". Following attacks on ""the"
"for her association's eugenics goals, her main interests were in contraception and politics. The likely catalyst for her campaign interests was her husband's death from general paralysis and dedrangement (general paralysis of the insane) a symptom of Tertiary Syphilis. In 1932 Goodisson unsuccessfully stood for the seat of Newcastle as the Social Reform party's candidate. In 1933 the association established a birth control clinic in Sydney which Goodisson described as the first in Australia; however, Piddington had established a birth control clinic in Melbourne two years earlier. The clinic served married women, providing diaphragms so that unwanted pregnancies would not"
"which she thought was a better form of contraceptive. Once Sanger returned to the United States, she established a short-lived birth-control clinic with the help of her sister, Ethel Bryne, based in the Brownville section of Brooklyn, New York in 1916. It was shut down after eleven days and resulted in her arrest. The publicity surrounding the arrest, trial, and appeal sparked birth control activism across the United States. Besides her sister, Sanger was helped in the movement by her first husband, William Sanger, who distributed copies of “Family Limitation.” Sanger’s second husband, James Noah H. Slee, would also later"
"established by Mary in South Melbourne in 1940. At the time she started work at the Prahran clinic, she was a mother herself and pregnant with Judy, a circumstance of great interest to the women who sought advice or treatment at the clinic. Her work was mainly with poor women, many of whom lived in unsanitary conditions and had inadequate diets. Mary joined the Melbourne District Nursing Society in 1931 and was its vice president from 1943 to 1953. She banded together with George Simpson and Victor Wallace to establish the Women's Welfare Clinic to offer advice on birth control,"
"England, which continued much of the Centre's international agenda until after World War II. Birth Control International Information Centre The Birth Control International Information Centre (BCIIC) (1929–38) was a London-based independent, international clearinghouse for birth control information established by American birth control leader Margaret Sanger and British suffragist Edith How-Martyn. It supported the establishment of clinics and maternity advice centers abroad, sponsored lecture tours and a conference. In 1928 a birth control information center was established in London under the direction of Edith How-Martyn. In 1930, following the Seventh International Conference on Birth Control in Zurich, the Centre was re-organized"
"solid relationships with central and local government authorities; the Guest of Honour at its 25th anniversary in 1989 was the Princess Royal. The organisation changed its name to Brook. Brook Advisory Centres Brook Advisory Centres were set up by Lady Helen Brook in 1964 offering contraceptive advice to young single people under the age of 25. Brook was asked in 1958 by the Eugenics Society to run the birth control clinic they had just been bequeathed by Marie Stopes. This clinic, unlike the Family Planning Association where Brook had previously worked, was not required to confine its service to married"
"the use of a cervical cap. Later in the same year, Stopes founded the ""Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress"", a support organization for the clinic. Her clinic made contraception acceptable during the 1920s by framing it in scientific terms and gained an international reputation. The Malthusian League opened up a second clinic shortly afterward, but admitted that Stopes clinic had been the first in the British Empire, although the League emphasised that theirs was the first scientific clinic where birth control instruction was given under medical supervision (the medical officer was Norman Haire). These two clinics 'opened"
"by Margaret Sanger in 1921 to promote the founding of birth control clinics and enable women to control their own fertility. By the 1930s, licensed physicians performed an estimated 800,000 abortions a year. One notable case dealt with a woman named Sherri Finkbine. Born in the area of Phoenix, Arizona, Sherri had 4 very healthy children. However, during her pregnancy with her 5th child, she had found that the child had many different deformities. Sherri had been taking sleeping pills that contained a drug called Thalidomide which was also very popular throughout several countries. She had later learned that this"
"was also the proprietor of Little Russia, a small boutique in Greenwich Village, just off Washington Square which featured curios from Russia, but her true passion was for feminist and progressive causes. As a young political activist in 1916 she met the now famous feminist Margaret Sanger and her sister Ethel Byrne. Together, the three women opened the first birth control clinic in the United States in Brooklyn known as the ""Brownsville Clinic"" (after the Brownsville section of Brooklyn in which it was located). The clinic caused an immediate sensation in the press, getting national attention, and all three women"
"her studies, her husband took up a position at Edinburgh College of Art, and they moved back to Scotland. She set up a private practice in Edinburgh in 1929. In 1939, during the burgeoning of the Child Guidance movement, she established the Davidson Clinic with the aim of bringing family support and advice to the community, along the model of the pre-war Tavistock Clinic. She retired from the clinic in 1967 and the following year was awarded the OBE. In 1978, she was instrumental in setting up ""Wellspring"" after the Davidson Clinic closed and its tasks were taken over by"