Sephardic Jews were exiled from which country (Sepharad is the Hebrew name for that country)?
"East. Moroccan Jews Moroccan Jews ( ""Yehudim Maroka'im"") are the Jews who live or have lived in the area of North African country of Morocco. Some Jews migrated to this area and settled among the Berbers. They were later met by a second wave of migration from the Iberian peninsula in the period immediately preceding and following the 1492 Alhambra Decree, when the Jews were expelled from kingdoms of Spain, and soon afterwards, from Portugal as well. This second immigration wave deeply modified Moroccan jewry, who largely embraced the Andalusian Sephardic liturgy, making the Moroccan Jews switch to a mostly"
"expelled from Spain in 1492 in the wake of the Alhambra decree. Sephardic Jews subsequently migrated to North Africa (Maghreb), Christian Europe (Netherlands, Britain, France and Poland), throughout the Ottoman Empire and even the newly discovered Latin America. In the Ottoman Empire, the Sephardim mostly settled in the European portion of the Empire, and mainly in the major cities such as: Istanbul, Selânik and Bursa. Selânik, which is today known as Thessaloniki and found in modern-day Greece, had a large and flourishing Sephardic community as was the community of Maltese Jews in Malta. A small number of Sephardic refugees who"
"Sefarad Sefarad was a Sephardic music band from Turkey. The band's name is Jewish for Spain, the homeland of Sephardi Jews and the Ladino language that derived from Old Spanish, and which is in danger of language extinction among the Turkish Jewish community. Its members were Sami Levi (soloist), Cem Stamati (bass guitarist) and Ceki Benşuşe (guitarist). Sefarad’s repertoire consisted of two versions: the original almost forgotten Ladino songs mainly they know from their Sephardic heritage. Musically speaking, Sefarad mixes Goran Bregovic's Balkan style with trumpets, kanun, tumbek, duduk and other Middle-Eastern instruments, typical Turkish pop music passages, and the"
"in which we dwell is called in the sacred tongue, ""Sepharad"", but in the language of the Arabs, the indwellers of the lands, ""Alandalus"" [Andalusia], the name of the capital of the kingdom, Córdoba.” According to Rabbi David Kimchi (1160–1235), in his commentary on Obadiah 1:20, Ṣarfat and Sepharad, both, refer to the Jewish captivity (Heb. ""galut"") expelled during the war with Titus and who went as far as the countries ""Alemania"" (Germany), ""Escalona"", France and Spain. The names Ṣarfat and Sepharad are explicitly mentioned by him as being France and Spain, respectively. Some scholars think that, in the case"
"Sepharad Sepharad ( ""Sp̄āraḏ""; also ""Sefarad"", ""Sephared"", ""Sfard""), is a biblical place name of uncertain location. It is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the Book of Obadiah (, 6th century BC). There are, however, Old Persian inscriptions that refer to two places called ""Saparda"" (alternative reading: ""Sparda""): one area in Media and another in Asia Minor. It is speculated that Sepharad could have been Sardis, whose native Lydian name is ""Sfard"" or ""Sward"". Since the period of 2nd century Ancient Rome, Spanish Jews gave the name ""Sepharad"" to the Iberian peninsula. The descendants of Iberian Jews refer to"
"occasions. Many Sephardi dishes use ground meat. Milk and meat products could not be mixed or served at the same meal. Cooked, stuffed and baked vegetables are central to the cuisine, as are various kinds of beans, chickpeas, lentils and bulgur/burghul (cracked wheat). Rice takes the place of potatoes. Sephardi Jews are the Jews of Spain and Portugal. These were expelled or forced to convert in 1492. Many of the expellees settled in North African Arabic-speaking countries, such as Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya becoming the North African Sephardim. Those settling in Greece, Turkey, the Balkans, Syria, the Lebanon and"
"Eastern Sephardim Eastern Sephardim are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardi Jews, mostly descended from families expelled and exiled from Iberia as Jews in the 15th century following the Alhambra Decree of 1492 in Spain and the decree of 1497 in Portugal. This branch of descendants of the Jews of Iberia settled in the Eastern Mediterranean. Eastern Sephardim settled mostly in various parts of the Ottoman Empire, which included areas in West Asia (Middle East, Anatolia, etc.), the Balkans in Southern Europe, plus Egypt. For centuries, these Jews made up the majority of the population of Salonica (now called Thessaloniki, Greece),"
"to distinguish between the two groups. The Jews of North Africa are often referred to as Sephardi, a term that emphasizes their Hispanic or Mizrahi roots and Eastern traditions. The first migration took place following the persecutions of 1391 in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Many Megorashim took refuge along the North African coast, especially in Algeria. Among them were prestigious rabbis like Isaac ben Sheshet and Simeon ben Zemah Duran. Of the 40,000 to 70,000 Jews who left Spain in 1492 following the Alhambra decree, the Jewish Encyclopedia estimates that 32,000 reached the coast of North Africa; (20,000"
"and the Horn of Africa. However, it is generally agreed today that North African Sephardic communities include those of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya due to their historical ties with Spain and the greater Iberian peninsula. By the end of the Reconquista in 1492, 100,000 Jews converted and 175,000 left in exile, as they were forced to either leave or convert under the Spanish Inquisition. The expulsions from Spain and Portugal were echoed in Sicily and many Italian states during the sixteenth century. Sicily's Jews suffered expulsion in the summer and autumn of 1492. Naples, in turn, expelled its Jews"
"the Holy Land, became the Eastern Sephardim. The Western Sephardim, also known more ambiguously as the Spanish and Portuguese Jews left Spain and Portugal as New Christians in a steady stream over the course of the next few centuries, and converted back to Judaism once in Holland, England, etc. While the pre-existing Jews of the countries in which they settled (in the Greater Middle East, for example, are called ""Mizrahim"") are distinct, the term Sephardi as used in ""Sephardi cuisine"" would refer only to the culinary traditions of those Jews with ancestral origins to the Jews of Spain and Portugal."
"and scripts, ""Sephardi"" may be translated as plural ; ""sefardí"" or ; ; ""sefardita"" or ; ; ; ; ; ; ""Sephardites""; ""Sefardi""; Serbian/Croatian/; ""Sefaradi""; , Judaeo-Spanish: ""Sefaradies/Sefaradim""; and ""Safārdiyyūn"". In the narrower ethnic definition, a Sephardi Jew is a Jew descended from the Jews who lived in the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century, immediately prior to the issuance of the Alhambra Decree of 1492 by order of the Catholic Monarchs in Spain, and the decree of 1496 in Portugal by order of King Manuel I. In Hebrew, the term ""Sephardim Tehorim"" (ספרדים טהורים, literally ""Pure Sephardim""), derived"
"lost tribes were expelled to the land of the Medes in modern-day Iran. The book of Tobit, which is part of the Apocrypha suggests that there were people from the tribe of Naphtali living in Rhages (Rey, Iran) and Ecbatana (Hamedan) at the time of the Assyrians (Book of Tobit 6:12). Three times during the 6th century BC, the Jews (Hebrews) of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were exiled to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar. These three separate occasions are mentioned in Jeremiah (52:28-30). The first exile was in the time of Jehoiachin in 597 BC, when the Temple of Jerusalem was"
"or Spain. In ""circa"" 960 CE, Ḥisdai ibn Šaprūṭ, minister of trade in the court of the Caliph in Córdoba, wrote to Joseph, the king of Khazaria, saying: ""The name of our land in which we dwell is called in the sacred tongue, ""Sefarad"", but in the language of the Arabs, the indwellers of the lands, ""Alandalus"" [Andalusia], the name of the capital of the kingdom, Córdoba."" According to Rabbi David Kimchi (1160–1235), in his commentary on Obadiah 1:20, Ṣarfat and Sepharad, both, refer to the Jewish captivity (Heb. ""galut"") expelled during the war with Titus and who went as"
"the unique rite of the Yemenite Jews, and lately, Beta Israel religious leaders in Israel have also joined Sefardi rite collectivities, especially following rejection of their Jewishness by some Ashkenazi circles. The reason for this classification of all Mizrahim under Sephardi rite is that most Mizrahi communities use much the same religious rituals as Sephardim proper due to historical reasons. The prevalence of the Sephardi rite among Mizrahim is partially a result of Sephardim proper joining some of Mizrahi communities following the 1492 Alhambra Decree, which expelled Jews from Sepharad (Spain and Portugal). Over the last few centuries, the previously"
"pre-existing co-religionists, or alone as the first Jews in new frontiers. Their millennial residence as an open and organised Jewish community in Iberia began to decline with the Reconquista and was brought to an end starting with the Alhambra Decree by Spain's Catholic Monarchs in 1492, and then by the edict of expulsion of Jews and Muslims by Portuguese king Manuel I in 1496, which resulted in a combination of internal and external migrations, mass conversions and executions. More broadly, the term Sephardim has today also come sometimes to refer to traditionally Eastern Jewish communities of West Asia and beyond"
"a separate denomination within Judaism, but rather a separate cultural tradition. Sephardim are primarily the descendants of Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. They may be divided into the families that left in the Expulsion of 1492 and those that remained as crypto-Jews, Marranos and those who left in the following few centuries. In religious parlance, and by many in modern Israel, the term is used in a broader sense to include all Jews of Ottoman or other Asian or African backgrounds (Mizrahi Jews), whether or not they have any historic link to Spain, although some prefer to distinguish between Sephardim"
"1497 expulsion from Portugal of all Jews who had not been baptised into the Catholic faith. These expelled Jews settled mainly around the Mediterranean Basin of Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, namely, Salonika, the Balkans and Turkey, and they became the Eastern Sephardim and North African Sephardim respectively. For centuries, the Sephardic Jewish communities under Ottoman rule provided spiritual leadership to the dispersed Sephardim through their contributions to the Responsa literature. These Sephardic communities offered refuge to all Jews, including the Sephardi Jewish-origin New Christian conversos fleeing the Inquisition across Europe, as well as their Eastern European"
"with the city of Ṣarfend (Judeo-Arabic: צרפנדה), the word Sepharad (Heb. ספרד) in the same verse has been translated by the 1st century rabbinic scholar, Yonathan Ben Uzziel, as ""Aspamia"". Based on a later teaching in the compendium of Jewish oral laws compiled by Rabbi Judah Hanasi in 189 CE, known as the Mishnah, ""Aspamia"" is associated with a very far place, generally thought of as Hispania, or Spain. In ""circa"" 960 CE, Ḥisdai ibn Šaprūṭ, minister of trade in the court of the caliph in Córdoba, wrote to Joseph, the king of Khazaria, saying: “The name of our land"
"Jewish community in the Beth Yaacov Synagogue (Madrid, Spain). The King said that 'Sefarad (the Hebrew name for Spain) is no longer nostalgia, nor a place where Jews should feel as if at home, because Hispano-Jews are home in Spain. What matters is the desire to analyse and project the past in regards to our future.' As of November 2012, Sephardic Jews have been given the right to automatic Spanish nationality without the requirement of residence in Spain. Prior to November 2012, Sephardic Jews already had the right to obtain Spanish citizenship after a reduced residency period of two years"
"(currently in Turkey). Many of these Jews also settled in other parts of the Balkans ruled by the Ottomans such as the areas that are now Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. Concerning this incident, Bayezid II is alleged to have commented, ""those who say that Ferdinand and Isabella are wise are indeed fools; for he gives me, his enemy, his national treasure, the Jews."" A majority of Sephardim migrated to Portugal, where they gained only a few years of respite from persecution. About 600 Jewish families were allowed to stay in Portugal following an exorbitant bribe, until the Portuguese king entered"
"unique quality of Turkish vocal style of the soloist Sami Levi, making it what they describe as Jewish ethno-music. Among their hit singles are """"Osman Ağa"""", """"Istanbul'dan Üsküdar'a Yol Gider"""", """"Bodrum"""", """"Ben seni severim"""", """"Los Bilbilikos"""", """"Vakti geldi"""", """"Si veriyas a la rana"""", """"Los Kaminos de Sirkeci"""" and """"Seni ne çok sevdiğimi."""" Sefarad Sefarad was a Sephardic music band from Turkey. The band's name is Jewish for Spain, the homeland of Sephardi Jews and the Ladino language that derived from Old Spanish, and which is in danger of language extinction among the Turkish Jewish community. Its members were Sami Levi"
"in origin. Other Eastern Sephardim have since also translated their Hispanic surnames into the languages of the regions they settled in, or have modified them to sound more local. In recent years, several hundred Turkish Jews, who have been able to prove that they are descended from Portuguese Jews who had been expelled from Portugal in 1497, have emigrated to Portugal and acquired Portuguese citizenship. Eastern Sephardim Eastern Sephardim are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardi Jews, mostly descended from families expelled and exiled from Iberia as Jews in the 15th century following the Alhambra Decree of 1492 in Spain and"
"Monarchs; many Jews were forced to leave Spain and emigrated to territories of Europe including Thessalonica, Bitola (city of ancient Republic of Macedonia), Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and Bosnia, and after the conquest of the Americas, the new Spanish colonies. However, persecution later continued in the colonies under the Court of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. Today this name is very common among Sephardim in Israel; other common surnames are Levy, Sarfati, Cohen, Ovadia, Albalak, Azulai, and Pinto. The Pardo surname which apparently originated in Prado del Rey flourished during the 16th–18th centuries in the Ottoman Empire, Italy, the"
"who traditionally spoke a form of Judeo-Spanish). At the opposite end of the spectrum, the term ""Sephardi"" is used by other studies to designate all non-Ashkenazi populations from predominantly Muslim lands, such as the Jews indigenous to North Africa and Jews from the Greater Middle East who do not descended from Spanish or Portuguese Jewish exiles (although Ethiopian Jews, Yemenite Jews, and Kurdish Jews, are always excluded from any definition of Sephardi in genetic studies). Between these two extremes of defining the ""Sephardi"" population, all kinds of variations in results and conclusions exist. Investigations made by Nebel et al. on"
"far as the countries ""Alemania"" (Germany), ""Escalona"", France and Spain. The names Ṣarfat and Sepharad are explicitly mentioned by him as being France and Spain, respectively. Some scholars think that, in the case of the place-name, Ṣarfat (lit. Ṣarfend) – which, as noted, was applied to the Jewish Diaspora in France, the association with France was made only exegetically because of its similarity in spelling with the name פרנצא (France), by a reversal of its letters. Spanish Jew, Moses de León (ca. 1250 – 1305), mentions a tradition concerning the first Jewish exiles, saying that the vast majority of the"
"Tiberian notations. After the expulsion of the Sephardi Jews from Spain in 1492, the exiles took the leading position in most Arab and Ottoman countries, and the local pronunciation of Hebrew assimilated to Sephardi Hebrew in many respects, particularly for pronouncing the vowels. Today's Iraqi Jews distinguish between ""patach"" () and ""segol"" () in the same way as most other Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews. However, distinct sounds for the guttural and emphatic letters and the sound for ""bet rafe"" were retained in many Arab countries, probably under the influence of Arabic. Iraqi Jews, like Yemenite Jews, retain the Classical Arabic"
"among the Canaanites as far as Ṣarfat (), and the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad, will possess the cities of the south."" While the medieval lexicographer, David ben Abraham Al-Fāsī, identifies Ṣarfat with the city of Ṣarfend (Judeo-Arabic: ), the word Sepharad () in the same verse has been translated by the 1st century rabbinic scholar, Yonathan Ben Uzziel, as ""Aspamia"". Based on a later teaching in the compendium of Jewish oral laws compiled by Rabbi Judah Hanasi in 189 CE, known as the Mishnah, ""Aspamia"" is associated with a very far place, generally thought of as Hispania,"
"The term Mizrahim is sometimes applied to descendants of Maghrebi and Sephardi Jews, who had lived in North Africa (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco), the Sephardi-proper communities of Turkey, and the mixed Levantine communities of Lebanon, Israel, and Syria. Before the establishment of the state of Israel, Mizrahi Jews did not identify themselves as a separate Jewish subgroup. Instead, Mizrahi Jews generally characterized themselves as ""Sephardi"", as they follow the traditions of Sephardi Judaism (but with some differences among the ""minhag"" ""customs"" of particular communities). That has resulted in a conflation of terms, particularly in Israel and in religious"
"or ""Yehudim""), ""Mordecai the Jew"" from the Book of Esther being the first biblical mention of the term. The first exile was the Assyrian exile, the expulsion from the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) begun by Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria in 733 BCE. This process was completed by Sargon II with the destruction of the kingdom in 722 BCE, concluding a three-year siege of Samaria begun by Shalmaneser V. The next experience of exile was the Babylonian captivity, in which portions of the population of the Kingdom of Judah were deported in 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE by the"
"Expulsion of 1492 and those that remained in Spain as crypto-Jews, fleeing in the following few centuries. In religious parlance, and by many in modern Israel, the term is used in a broader sense to include all Jews of Ottoman or other Asian or North African backgrounds, whether or not they have any historic link to Spain, though some prefer to distinguish between Sephardim proper and Mizraḥi Jews. For the purposes of this article there is no need to distinguish Iberian Sephardi and Mizrahi (aka Arab Jews), as their religious practices are basically similar: whether or not they are ""Spanish"
"years of devastating warfare, the uprising was suppressed, and Jews were forbidden access to Jerusalem. During the Middle Ages, due to increasing migration and resettlement, Jews divided into distinct regional groups which today are generally addressed according to two primary geographical groupings: the Ashkenazi of Northern and Eastern Europe, and the Sephardic Jews of Iberia (Spain and Portugal), North Africa and the Middle East. These groups have parallel histories sharing many cultural similarities as well as a series of massacres, persecutions and expulsions, such as the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the expulsion from England in 1290, and the expulsion"
"Jewish diaspora The Jewish diaspora (Hebrew: Tfutza, תְּפוּצָה) or exile (Hebrew: Galut, גָּלוּת; Yiddish: ""Golus"") refers to the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe. In terms of the Hebrew Bible, the term ""Exile"" denotes the fate of the Israelites who were taken into exile from the Kingdom of Israel during the 8th century BCE, and the Judahites from the Kingdom of Judah who were taken into exile during the 6th century BCE. While in exile, the Judahites became known as ""Jews"" (יְהוּדִים,"
"distinctive rites of the Mizrahi communities were influenced, superimposed upon or altogether replaced by the rite of the Sephardim, perceived as more prestigious. Even before this assimilation, the original rite of many Jewish Oriental communities was already closer to the Sephardi rite than to the Ashkenazi one. For this reason, ""Sephardim"" has come to mean not only ""Spanish Jews"" proper but ""Jews of the Spanish rite"", just as ""Ashkenazim"" is used for ""Jews of the German rite"", whether or not their families originate in Germany. Many of the Sephardi Jews exiled from Spain resettled in greater or lesser numbers in"