Flic is a French slang term for which type of official?
"Un flic Un flic (, also known as Dirty Money) is a 1972 French film, the last directed by Jean-Pierre Melville. It stars Alain Delon, Catherine Deneuve and Richard Crenna. Delon had previously worked with Melville on ""Le Samourai"" and ""Le Cercle Rouge"" playing the role of a criminal. In ""Un Flic"" Delon's role is reversed. He plays the cop, Édouard Coleman, this time in pursuit of Simon, a notorious Paris thief, who is very hard to pin down. ""The only feelings mankind has ever inspired in policemen are those of indifference and derision..."" (Eugène-François Vidocq) After a raid on"
"limited time contracts. French Civil Service The French Civil Service () is the set of civil servants (""fonctionnaires"") working for the French government. Not all employees of the state and public institutions or corporations are civil servants; however, the media often incorrectly equate ""government employee"" or ""employee of a public corporation"" with ""fonctionnaire"". For instance, most employees of RATP and SNCF (road and rail transport authorities) are not civil servants. The Civil Service is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as the ""administration"", but, properly speaking, the ""administration"" is the compound of public administrations and public administrative establishments, not their employees."
"French Civil Service The French Civil Service () is the set of civil servants (""fonctionnaires"") working for the French government. Not all employees of the state and public institutions or corporations are civil servants; however, the media often incorrectly equate ""government employee"" or ""employee of a public corporation"" with ""fonctionnaire"". For instance, most employees of RATP and SNCF (road and rail transport authorities) are not civil servants. The Civil Service is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as the ""administration"", but, properly speaking, the ""administration"" is the compound of public administrations and public administrative establishments, not their employees. Most employment positions"
"Duke of the Franks The title Duke [and Prince] of the Franks (""dux"" [""et princeps""] ""Francorum"") has been used for three different offices, always with ""duke"" implying military command and ""prince"", on those occasions when it was used either with or in preference to ""duke"", implying something approaching sovereign or regalian rights. The term ""Franks"" may refer to an ethnic group or the inhabitants of a territory called ""Francia"", named after the original Franks. The first office was that of the mayors of the palace of the Merovingian kings of the Franks, whose powers increased as those of the kings"
"Ranks in the French Air Force Rank insignia in the French air force are worn on the sleeve or on shoulder marks of uniforms Although they all wear the same insignia and titles, officers are divided into: <br> The word ""colonel"" originates in the medieval term ""capitaine colonel"", ""the head (officer) of a column"" (=regiment). Lieutenant-colonel is the one who can ""hold the place"" of a colonel in his absence (""lieu-tenant"", from ""tenir lieu"" which means ""to hold the place""). The word ""chef"" or ""chief"" in English comes from the Latin word ""caput"" meaning ""head"". <br>The ""lieutenant-colonel"" has the same"
"Maréchal des logis Maréchal des logis (literally translated as ""marshal of lodgings"") is a sub-officer rank used by some units of the French Armed Forces. It is traditionally a cavalry unit rank. There are three distinct ranks of ""maréchal des logis"", which are generally the equivalents of sergeant ranks (although they generally have less responsibility than a British or Commonwealth sergeant). The ""maréchal des logis"" usually commands a section, tank, or gun, and therefore corresponds approximately to the British or Commonwealth rank of corporal or the U.S. rank of staff sergeant. The rank of ""maréchal des logis"" is used by"
"Conseiller d'État (France) A French Councillor of State (French: ""conseiller d'État"") is a high-level government official of administrative law in the Council of State of France. Councillors of State were among the highest dignitaries of the French monarchy during the Ancien Régime. Being thirty in total, the Councillors of State included three clergymen, three from the old nobility (nobility ""of the sword"" or ""d'épée""), and twenty-four from the ""noblesse de robe"", or ""administrative nobility"". Ninety percent of the Councillors of State ""de robe"" were promoted from among the Masters of Requests, while the rest were chosen from among judges of"
"forces to describe all grades of generals) and air officer (used by other air forces to describe all grades of air marshals and air commodores). A flag officer sometimes is a junior officer, called a flag lieutenant or flag adjutant, attached as a personal adjutant or aide-de-camp. In the Canadian Forces, a flag officer (French: ""officier général"", ""general officer"") is an admiral, vice-admiral, rear-admiral, or commodore, the naval equivalent of a general officer of the army or air force. It is a somewhat counterintuitive usage of the term, as only flag officers in command of commands or formations actually have"
"(which is actually an appointment of leading seaman). Its Army and Air Force equivalent is corporal and it is part of the cadre of junior non-commissioned officers. Leading seamen are generally initially addressed as ""Leading Seaman Smith"", and thereafter as ""Leading Seaman"". The same rank title is used for female members. The slang term for the rank is ""killick"", as in the Royal Navy. The term is still used even though the old-style insignia of a fouled anchor is no longer used for this rank in the RCN. Leading seamen generally mess and billet with other seamen and their army"
"it was disbanded. The name (literally, Second Desk) refers to the organization of the French general staff in four desks: 1st for personnel, 2nd for intelligence, 3rd for operations, 4th for logistics. This numerical designation survives in the first four staff numbers of the continental staff system practiced by most NATO armies: S1 for personnel, S2 for intelligence, S3 for operations, S4 for logistics. (See also the French version of this page.) In 1906 Georges Clemenceau became Président du Conseil. With complete control of Interior Ministry funding, he created special counter-espionage units, the ""brigades du Tigre"", a reference to Clemenceau's"
"Silovik Silovik (; plural: ""siloviki"", ) is a Russian word for politicians from the security or military services, often the officers of the former KGB, GRU, FSB, SVR, the Federal Drug Control or other security services who came into power. It can also refer to security-service personnel from any country or nationality where the more general term ""securocrat"" is used. The term ""silovik"", literally translated as ""person of force"" (from Russian ""сила"", ""force""), originated with the phrase ""institutions of force"" (), which appeared in the earlier Boris Yeltsin era (early 1990s) to denote the military-style uniformed services, including the military"
"dominated by French, German and Italian cultural influences, including a strictly hierarchical organisation. Commissioners and Directors-General were referred to by their title (in French) with greater prestige for those of higher ranks. As one former servant, Derk Jan Eppink has put it, even after new staff had passed the tough entrance exams: ""Those at the top counted for everything. Those at the bottom counted for nothing."" One example of this was the chef de cabinet of President Jacques Delors, Pascal Lamy, who was particularly notable for his immense influence over other civil servants. He became known as the ""Beast of"
"fleur-de-lis in column from hilt to point. Traditionally, the constable was presented with the sword on taking his office. After the abolition of the office of Sénéchal in 1191, the Connétable became the most important officer in the army, and as First Officer of the Crown, he ranked in ceremonial precedence immediately after the peers. He had the position of Lieutenant-General of the King, both within and without the kingdom. The constable had under his command all military officers, including the maréchaux; he was also responsible for the financing of the army, administering military justice within the host. The official"
"forthcoming, constant redivision of the ""fisc"" among heirs reduced Merovingian kingship to a cluster of competitive kinglets subsisting on inadequate resources. Annual contributions in kind, of grain, produce, fodder, etc., were unwieldy to transport and not easily convertible, so the restless habit of Merovingian kings moving from stronghold to stronghold was constantly encouraged. As time passed, ""fisc"" began to refer to money any Frankish knight had direct control over and would carry with him. Eventually, ""fisc"" referred to any knight's money holder. Nowadays, ""fisc"" is still used in French and in Romanian as a slang referring to the fiscal administration."
"Ensign (rank) Ensign (, Late Middle English, from Old French ""enseigne"" (12c.) ""mark, symbol, signal; flag, standard, pennant"", from Latin ""insignia"" (plural)) is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in an infantry regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag, the rank acquired the name. This rank has generally been replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern existed. In contrast, the Arab rank of ensign, لواء, ""liwa'"","
"Chic Chic , meaning ""stylish"" or ""smart"", is an element of fashion. ""Chic"" is a French word, established in English since at least the 1870s. Early references in English dictionaries classified it as slang and New Zealand-born lexicographer Eric Partridge noted, with reference to its colloquial meaning, that it was ""not so used in Fr[ench]."" Gustave Flaubert notes in ""Madame Bovary"" (published in 1856) that ""chicard"" (one who is chic) is then Parisian very current slang for ""classy"" noting, perhaps derisively, perhaps not, that it was bourgeoisie. There is a similar word in German, ""schick"", with a meaning similar to"
"of the administration (in French, ""sénéchal""). Some important seneschal were: See the main article Seneschal. Administrator of the Fisc. Also known as the Master of the Coin. The fisc was the system applied to the royal demesne which paid taxes from which the royal household was meant to be supported. The only recorded Administrator of the Fisc is: Master of the Doorkeepers. There is no real record of this function in France, although it was prominent in Hungary. The only known people with this title are: Count Palatine ( in Latin, ""comes palatines""). The Merovingian kings employed a high official,"
"France uses ""police commissaries"" (""commissaires de police"") in the French National Police and ""armed forces commissaries"" (""commissaires des armées"") in the French armed forces. The equivalent terms are ""commissaire"" in French, ""commissario"" in Italian, ""Kommissar"" in Standard German, ""Kommissär"" in Swiss German and Luxembourgish, ""comisario"" in Spanish, ""commissaris"" in Dutch and Flemish, ""komisario"" in Finnish, ""komisarz"" in Polish and ""comissário"" in Portuguese. The word is recorded in English since 1362, for ""one to whom special duty is entrusted by a higher power"". This Anglo-French word derives from Medieval Latin ""commissarius"", from Latin ""commissus"" (pp. of committere) ""entrusted"". Governmental or administrative"
"Aide-de-camp An aide-de-camp (, ; French expression meaning literally ""helper in the <nowiki>[</nowiki>military<nowiki>]</nowiki> camp"") is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, or to a member of a royal family or a head of state. An ""aide-de-camp"" may participate at ceremonial functions, and the first ""aide-de-camp"" is typically the foremost personal aide. This is not to be confused with an adjutant, who is the senior administrator of a military unit. The badge of office for an ""aide-de-camp"" is usually the ""aiguillette"", a braided cord in gold or other"
"has been applied to, among other things, social events, situations, individuals, and modes or styles of dress. It was one of a number of ""slang words"" that H. W. Fowler linked to particular professions – specifically, to ""society journalism"" – with the advice that, if used in such a context, ""familiarity will disguise and sometimes it will bring out its slanginess."" Chic Chic , meaning ""stylish"" or ""smart"", is an element of fashion. ""Chic"" is a French word, established in English since at least the 1870s. Early references in English dictionaries classified it as slang and New Zealand-born lexicographer Eric"
"usually known in French as the ""officier commandant"". Conversely, in Canadian English, the word commandant is used exclusively for the commanding officers of military units that provide oversight and/or services to a resident population (such as a military school or college, a long-term health care facility or a detention facility. In the French Army and French Air Force, the term ""commandant"" is used as a rank equivalent to major (NATO rank code OF-3). However, in the French Navy ""commandant"" is the style, but not the rank, of the senior officers, specifically ""capitaine de corvette"", ""capitaine de frégate"" and ""capitaine de"
"Flag officer A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark the position from which the officer exercises command. The term is used differently in different countries: The generic title of flag officer is used in several modern navies and coast guards to denote those who hold the rank of rear admiral (or its equivalent) and above, also called ""flag ranks""; in some navies, this also includes the rank of commodore. Flag officer corresponds to the generic terms general officer (used by land and some air"
"Prefect (France) A prefect () in France is the State's representative in a department or region. Sub-prefects (French: ""sous-préfets"") are responsible for the subdivisions of departments, arrondissements. The office of a prefect is known as a prefecture and that of a sub-prefect as a subprefecture. Prefects are appointed by a decree of the President of the Republic in the Council of Ministers, following the proposal of the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior. They serve at the Government's discretion and can be replaced at any meeting of the Council. From 1982 to 1988 prefects were called ""commissaires de"
"of Lieutenant-Commander, Commander, and Captain. In the French Forces, field officers are called ""officiers supérieurs"" (Senior Officers). There are three ranks, in ascending order : ""Commandant"", ""Lieutenant-colonel"" and ""Colonel"" (""Capitaine de corvette"", ""Capitaine de frégate"" and ""Capitaine de vaisseau"" in the naval forces), while brigadiers rank among ""officiers généraux"". In the German forces, officers from Major to Colonel in the Army and Air Force, or from Lieutenant Commander to Captain in the Navy are known as ""Stabsoffiziere"" which is translated as Staff Officers. ""Field officer"" (; derived from ; translation en: ""Field officer""), was the designation of a particular officers"
"bureaucrat within the Canadian civil service at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. Deputy ministers are not politicians but professional bureaucrats. Outside the federal, provincial and territorial civil services, some public sector agencies such as school boards in Quebec use the title ""director general"". In the European Commission and the Council of the European Union, each department (called a directorate-general) is headed by a non-political director-general. This is roughly equivalent to a British permanent secretary. In France, the similar word président-directeur général (PDG) means the highest person in a company, who is at the same time chairman (""président"") of board"
"Crown and Great Officers of the Royal Household. These Officers of State were also called ""Officers of the Crown"" despite there being a separate group of officers so named that are not officers of state. These officers were unlike the officers of state and did not sit or vote in meetings. After the abolition of the Mayor of the Palace, France established seven officers of the crown (ordered by rank): the high constable, the high admiral, the high or great chancellor, the great justiciar, the great chamberlain, the great protonotary, and the great steward or seneschal. These offices were duplicated"
"Frocking In the United States military, frocking is the practice of a commissioned or non-commissioned officer selected for promotion wearing the insignia of the higher grade before the official date of promotion (the ""date of rank""). An officer who has been selected for promotion may be authorized to ""frock"" to the next grade. The need to frock is a result of the fact that the number of people who may serve in a particular rank is restricted by federal law. Thus, even though an individual may have been selected for promotion and, for officers, confirmed by the Senate, they must"
"Officer Candidate begin training with five months at the Petty Officer School at Brest. Contract officers serve on an initial eight-year contract, renewable up to 20 years. The rank insignia of the French Navy are worn on shoulder straps of shirts and white jackets, and on sleeves for navy jackets and mantels. Until 2005, only commissioned officers had an anchor on their insignia, but enlisted personnel are now receiving them as well. Commanding officers have titles of ""capitaine"", but are called ""commandant"" (in the army, both ""capitaine"" and ""commandant"" are ranks, which tends to stir some confusion among the public)."
"been merged in that of Diocesan chancellor of a diocese. In sports, the term official is used to describe a person enforcing playing rules in the capacity of a linesman, referee and umpire; also specified by the discipline, e.g. American football official, ice hockey official. The term ""officer"" is close to being a synonym (but has more military connotations). A functionary is someone who carries out a particular role within an organization; this again is quite a close synonym for official, as a noun, but with connotations closer to bureaucrat. Any such person acts in their official capacity, in carrying"
"is now simply called Prison Officer. Subordinate officer Subordinate officer is a term used in some armed forces for a grade of officer above a non-commissioned officer but still not actually commissioned, usually still in training. Such officers are treated for most intents and purposes as commissioned officers. In the Canadian Forces, subordinate officers () as a group consist of the Army and Air Force ranks of Officer Cadet (OCdt) and the Navy's Naval Cadet (NCdt); the French language equivalents are ""Élève-officier (élof)"" and ""Aspirant de marine (aspm)"", respectively. The subordinate officer's rank insignia is a single narrow strip of"
"the armoured cavalry, the artillery, the ""materiel"", the commissary and the transport corps, all of the French Army, and by the """"Gendarmerie Nationale"". The term ""logistics"" is derived from ""maréchal des logis"", by Antoine-Henri Jomini. Maréchal des logis Maréchal des logis (literally translated as ""marshal of lodgings"") is a sub-officer rank used by some units of the French Armed Forces. It is traditionally a cavalry unit rank. There are three distinct ranks of ""maréchal des logis"", which are generally the equivalents of sergeant ranks (although they generally have less responsibility than a British or Commonwealth sergeant). The ""maréchal des logis"""
"Chief of Staff of the French Army The Chief of Staff of the French Army ( (CEMAT) is the highest rank officer in the chain of command of the French Army. The chief of staff (CEMAT) is assisted by the Major General of the French Army (). The CEMAT title has been in use since 1962; prior to that the position for the general in charge of France's army was referred to as Chief of Staff of the Army (). In times of war, the Chief of Staff of the French Army took charge of general headquarters (Grand Quartier Général"
"Subordinate officer Subordinate officer is a term used in some armed forces for a grade of officer above a non-commissioned officer but still not actually commissioned, usually still in training. Such officers are treated for most intents and purposes as commissioned officers. In the Canadian Forces, subordinate officers () as a group consist of the Army and Air Force ranks of Officer Cadet (OCdt) and the Navy's Naval Cadet (NCdt); the French language equivalents are ""Élève-officier (élof)"" and ""Aspirant de marine (aspm)"", respectively. The subordinate officer's rank insignia is a single narrow strip of gold braid worn on the cuff"