What was the most used first name of the composer Mussorgsky (1839-1881).
"and works by Franz Liszt for family and friends. At 10, he and his brother were taken to Saint Petersburg to study at the elite German language Petrischule (St. Peter's School). While there, Modest studied the piano with the noted Anton Gerke. In 1852, the 12-year-old Mussorgsky published a piano piece titled ""Porte-enseigne Polka"" at his father's expense. Mussorgsky's parents planned the move to Saint Petersburg so that both their sons would renew the family tradition of military service. To this end, Mussorgsky entered the Cadet School of the Guards at age 13. Sharp controversy had arisen over the educational"
"family documents the spelling of the name varies: ""Musarskiy"", ""Muserskiy"", ""Muserskoy"", ""Musirskoy"", ""Musorskiy"", and ""Musurskiy"". The baptismal record gives the composer's name as ""Muserskiy"". In early (up to 1858) letters to Mily Balakirev, the composer signed his name ""Musorskiy"" (). The ""g"" made its first appearance in a letter to Balakirev in 1863. Mussorgsky used this new spelling (, ""Musorgskiy"") to the end of his life, but occasionally reverted to the earlier ""Musorskiy"". The addition of the ""g"" to the name was likely initiated by the composer's elder brother Filaret to obscure the resemblance of the name's root to an"
"unsavory Russian word: Mussorgsky apparently did not take the new spelling seriously, and played on the ""rubbish"" connection in letters to Vladimir Stasov and to Stasov's family, routinely signing his name ""Musoryanin"", roughly ""garbage-dweller"" (compare ""dvoryanin"": ""nobleman""). The first syllable of the name originally received the stress (i.e., MÚS-ər-skiy), and does so to this day in Russia and in the composer's home district. The mutability of the second-syllable vowel in the versions of the name mentioned above gives evidence that this syllable did not receive the stress. The addition of the ""g"" and the accompanying shift in stress to the"
"or completed by other composers. Many of his most important compositions have posthumously come into their own in their original forms, and some of the original scores are now also available. The spelling and pronunciation of the composer's name has caused some confusion. The family name derives from a 15th- or 16th-century ancestor, Roman Vasilyevich Monastyryov, who appears in the Velvet Book, the 17th-century genealogy of Russian boyars. Roman Vasilyevich bore the nickname ""Musorga"", and was the grandfather of the first Mussorgsky. The composer could trace his lineage to Rurik, the legendary 9th-century founder of the Russian state. In Mussorgsky"
"/s/ often becomes voiced to /z/ (as in ""music""), unlike in Slavic languages where it remains unvoiced. Doubling the consonant thus reinforces its voiceless sibilant /s/ sound. Mussorgsky was born in Karevo, Toropets Uyezd, Pskov Governorate, Russian Empire, south of Saint Petersburg. His wealthy and land-owning family, the noble family of Mussorgsky, is reputedly descended from the first Ruthenian ruler, Rurik, through the sovereign princes of Smolensk. At age six, Mussorgsky began receiving piano lessons from his mother, herself a trained pianist. His progress was sufficiently rapid that three years later he was able to perform a John Field concerto"
"writers, among them Alexander Pushkin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Aleksander Griboyedov, Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vladimir Odoevsky, and Aleksander Pisarev. However he was not so popular among his colleagues. Glinka avoided mentioning him in his memoirs; Modest Mussorgsky nicknamed him ""Gemoroy"" (Haemorrhoid) by association with the title of his opera ""Gromoboy"". He died in Moscow in 1862, aged 63. His wife a famous Russian actress and singer Nadezhda Repina survived her husband for five years. Alexey Verstovsky Alexey Nikolayevich Verstovsky () () was a Russian composer, musical bureaucrat and rival of Mikhail Glinka. Alexey Verstovsky was born at Seliverstovo Estate, Kozlovsky district, Tambov Governorate."
"operas ""Ivan Susanin"" and ""Ruslan and Lyudmila"". They were neither the first operas in the Russian language nor the first by a Russian, but they gained fame for relying on distinctively Russian tunes and themes and being in the vernacular. Russian folk music became the primary source for the younger generation composers. A group that called itself ""The Mighty Five"", headed by Mily Balakirev (1837–1910) and including Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908), Modest Mussorgsky (1839–81), Alexander Borodin (1833–87) and César Cui (1835–1918), proclaimed its purpose to compose and popularize Russian national traditions in classical music. Among the Mighty Five's most notable compositions"
"and mazurkas, in a total of about 250 musical works such as his symphonic ""Moldavian poem"", violin and piano concertos, trios and string quartets during his short musical career. His vocal compositions include a large number of ballads, choral and folk arrangements as well. Kosenko was born on 23 November 1896 in Saint Petersburg, into the large family of a major general named Stepan Kosenko. His family moved from Saint Petersburg to Warsaw in 1898, where later he would encounter the best of world musical classics while listening to the performance of famous musicians such as Fritz Kreisler, Ferruccio Busoni,"
"name ""Amadeus"". The dominance of ""Amadeus"" began around about 1810; Romanticism, notably in the person of E. T. A. Hoffmann, ""seized upon this name to proclaim its veneration for Mozart"". Although various scholars since that time have made use of ""Amadè"" or ""Gottlieb"", ""Amadeus"" remains by far the most familiar term for the general public. In the frequently playful letters of his youth Mozart would sometimes spell his name backwards, viz., ""Mozart Wolfgang"" or ""Trazom"". See above for the possible origin of ""Amadeus"" as facetious. Mozart's name The composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (; ; ) went by many different names"
"birth name was Vyacheslav Skryabin. In his memoirs published by Felix Chuyev under the Russian title ""Молотов, Полудержавный властелин"", Molotov explains that his brother Nikolay Skryabin, who was also a composer, had adopted the name Nikolay Nolinsky in order not to be confused with Alexander Scriabin. Scriabin's second wife Tatiana Fyodorovna Schlözer was the niece of the pianist and possible composer Paul de Schlözer. Her brother was the music critic Boris de Schlözer. Scriabin had seven children in total: from his first marriage Rimma (Rima), Elena, Maria and Lev, and from his second Ariadna, Julian and Marina. Rimma died of"
"second syllable (i.e., Mu-SÓRK-skiy), sometimes described as a Polish variant, was supported by Filaret Mussorgsky's descendants until his line ended in the 20th century. Their example was followed by many influential Russians, such as Fyodor Shalyapin, Nikolay Golovanov, and Tikhon Khrennikov, who, perhaps dismayed that the great composer's name was ""reminiscent of garbage"", supported the erroneous second-syllable stress that has also become entrenched in the West. The Western convention of doubling the first ""s"", which is not observed in scholarly literature (e.g., ""The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians""), likely arose because in many Western European languages a single intervocalic"
"Тольди, ""Sovremennik"", 1852) and ""Bolezni voli"" (Болезни воли, Ailments of the Will, ""Russky Vestnik"", 1859). Alexandra Davydova (1815—1884), a well-known opera singer and a popular art salon hostess, was his wife. Feofil Tolstoy Feofil Matveyevich Tolstoy (, 6 June 1809, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia, — 20 February 1881, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia), was a Russian composer, music critic and writer who used the pseudonym ""Rostislav"". Tolstoy, the son of the senator Matvey Fyodorovich Tolstoy (1772—1815) and Praskovya Mikhaylovna Kutuzova (1777—1844), the daughter of the renowned Russian Field marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, worked for the most of his life as a mid-rank"
"Gervinus, according to whom ""the highest natural object of musical imitation is emotion, and the method of imitating emotion is to mimic speech""), Mussorgsky in 1868 rapidly set the first eleven scenes of Nikolai Gogol's ""The Marriage"" (""Zhenitba""), with his priority being to render into music the natural accents and patterns of the play's naturalistic and deliberately humdrum dialogue. This work marked an extreme position in Mussorgsky's pursuit of naturalistic word-setting: he abandoned it unorchestrated after reaching the end of his 'Act 1', and though its characteristically 'Mussorgskyian' declamation is to be heard in all his later vocal music, the"
"""Night on Bald Mountain"" (which, however, Balakirev criticised and refused to conduct, with the result that it was never performed during Mussorgsky's lifetime). Mussorgsky's career as a civil servant was by no means stable or secure: though he was assigned to various posts and even received a promotion in these early years, in 1867 he was declared 'supernumerary' – remaining 'in service', but receiving no wages. Decisive developments were occurring in his artistic life, however. Although it was in 1867 that Stasov first referred to the 'kuchka' ('The Five') of Russian composers loosely grouped around Balakirev, Mussorgsky was by then"
"daily meetings with her. Lodyzhensky started several symphonies, an opera ""Dmitri the Usurper"" (based on Alexander Pushkin's play ""Boris Godunov"") and a cantata ""The Rusalka"", but never finished them. He abandoned his opera when Modest Mussorgsky started writing an opera to the same libretto (""Boris Godunov""). Mussorgsky nicknamed him ""Fim"" (Фим; the reverse spelling of миф, the Russian word for ""myth""). Borodin wrote his String Quartet No. 2 in D while spending a summer holiday at Lodyzhensky's estate at Zhitovo in 1881. Lodyzhensky himself wrote some music in the string quartet genre. The only music he ever published was ""Six"
"was completed in 1868 in a vocal score and the composer noted: The score is inscribed with the following details: ""The work began on Tuesday, June 11, 1868 in Petrograd (St. Petersburg), and was finished on Tuesday, July 8, 1868 in the village Shilovo, Tula Oblast."" ""The Marriage"" was one of Mussorgsky's first musical masterpieces. It was an experiment in Russian opera, using grotesque and satirical musical language. One citic commented: An early performance with Mussorgsky's participation took place in 1868 in the home of César Cui. Nadezhda Purgold accompanied on the piano. The cast included Modest Mussorgsky (Podkolyosin), Alexander"
"Tarkovsky's 1983 film ""Nostalghia"" is ""a commentary on exile as told through Berezovsky's life"". Maksym Berezovsky Maksym Sozontovych Berezovsky () (c.27 October 1745 – 2 April 1777) was a Ukrainian composer, opera singer, and violinist. Berezovsky was the first Ukrainian composer to be recognized throughout Europe and the first to compose an opera, symphony, and violin sonata. His most popular works are his sacred choral pieces written for the Orthodox Church. Much of his work has been lost; only three of the 18 known choral concertos have been found. Dmitry Bortniansky was thought to be the first Ukrainian symphonic composer"
"his opera ""The Fair at Sorochyntsi"" (1874–80), a work which was still incomplete at the time of his death in 1881. Mussorgsky's piano-vocal score is dated 10 May 1880. Mussorgsky originally chose the end of act 1 of the opera as the location for his choral intermezzo. It is now generally performed in the Shebalin version (1930) of the opera, where it is relocated to act 3, just after the peasant lad's dumka. The theme of the dumka also serves as one of the main themes of the new quiet ending. The ""Dream Vision of the Peasant Lad"" was first"
"(""Flow, flow, bitter tears!"") of the arrival of the enemy and of woe to Russia. Russian opera of the early 1870s was dominated by Western European works—mainly Italian. The domestic product was regarded with skepticism and sometimes hostility. The playwright Tikhonov wrote in 1898: As the most daring and innovative member of the Mighty Handful, Mussorgsky frequently became the target of conservative critics and rival composers, and was often derided for his supposedly clumsy and crude musical idiom. After the premiere of ""Boris Godunov"", influential critic Herman Laroche wrote: Reviews of the premiere performance of ""Boris Godunov"" were for the"
"German; Mendog, Mondog, Mendoch, and Mindovg in Polish; and Mindovg, Mindog, and Mindowh in Russian, among others. Since Russian sources provide the most information about Mindaugas's life, they were judged the most reliable by linguists reconstructing his original Lithuanian name. The most popular Russian rendition was ""Mindovg"", which can quite easily and naturally be reconstructed as ""Mindaugas"" or ""Mindaugis"". In 1909 the Lithuanian linguist Kazimieras Būga published a research paper supporting the suffix ""-as"", which has since been widely accepted. ""Mindaugas"" is an archaic disyllabic Lithuanian name, used before the Christianization of Lithuania, and consists of two components: ""min"" and"
"could not be halted, however. In 1880 he was finally dismissed from government service. Aware of his destitution, one group of friends organised a stipend designed to support the completion of ""Khovanshchina""; another group organised a similar fund to pay him to complete ""The Fair at Sorochyntsi"". However, neither work was completed (although ""Khovanshchina"", in piano score with only two numbers uncomposed, came close to being finished). In early 1881 a desperate Mussorgsky declared to a friend that there was 'nothing left but begging', and suffered four seizures in rapid succession. Though he found a comfortable room in a good"
"this magnificent quartet of rival basses is a testament to the power of his personality, the acuteness of his musical interpretations, and the vividness of his performances. He himself spelled his surname, French-style, Chaliapine in the West, and his name even appeared on early HMV 78s as Theodore Chaliapine. In English texts, his given name is most usually rendered as Feodor or Fyodor, and his surname is most usually seen as Chaliapin. However, in the Russian pronunciation the initial consonant Ш is pronounced like ""sh"" in ""shop"", not as ""ch"" in ""chop"", and in reference books the surname is sometimes"
"Nikolai Myaskovsky Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky or Miaskovsky or Miaskowsky (; – 8 August 1950, was a Russian and Soviet composer. He is sometimes referred to as the ""Father of the Soviet Symphony"". Myaskovsky was awarded the Stalin Prize five times, more than any other composer. Myaskovsky was born in Modlin Fortress, near Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire, the son of an engineer officer in the Russian army. After the death of his mother the family was brought up by his father's sister, Yelikonida Konstantinovna Myaskovskaya, who had been a singer at the Saint Petersburg Opera. The family moved to Saint"
"compositions, and particularly liked the ""Scene by the Fountain"" in his opera ""Boris Godunov"". Mussorgsky abandoned the scene in his original 1869 version, but at the requests of Stasov and Hartmann, he reworked it for Act 3 in his revision of 1872. The years 1873–74 are associated with the staging of ""Boris Godunov"", the zenith of Mussorgsky's career as a composer—at least from the standpoint of public acclaim. Mussorgsky's distant relative, friend, and roommate during this period, Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov, describing the January 1874 premiere of the opera, remarked: ""During the winter, there were, I think, nine performances, and each time"
"'Símkhovich' becoming the Slavic 'Semiónovich'. It was under this pen-name that the fame subsequently came to him. His daughters (subsequently born in 1925 and 1930) and other relatives, though, preserved their original family name 'Vygodskii'. The traditional English spelling of his last name nowadays is 'Vygotsky'. In January 1924, Vygotsky took part in the Second All-Russian Psychoneurological Congress in Petrograd (soon thereafter renamed Leningrad). After the Congress, Vygotsky received an invitation to become a research fellow at the Psychological Institute in Moscow. Vygotsky moved to Moscow with his new wife, Roza Smekhova. He began his career at the Psychological Institute"
"was the daughter of Alexander Feodorovich Masalin (Massalin) (1809-1859), a Finnish peasant who had made a fortune selling wood. Alexandra Androvna Masalina became known as Alexandra Androvna Masalina-Mravinskaya after her marriage to her first husband, Konstantin Iosipovich Mravinsky (originally spelled Mrovinsky) (1829-1921). Her marriage to Mravinsky was an arranged marriage which turned out to be unhappy, and eventually she divorced Mravinsky in order to marry Mikhail Domontovich, with whom she had fallen in love. Russian opera singer Yevgeniya Mravina (stage name) was Kollontai's half-sister via her mother. The celebrated Soviet-Russian conductor Yevgeny Mravinsky, music director of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra"
"Igor Stravinsky Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (; ; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century. Stravinsky's compositional career was notable for its stylistic diversity. He first achieved international fame with three ballets commissioned by the impresario Serge Diaghilev and first performed in Paris by Diaghilev's Ballets Russes: ""The Firebird"" (1910), ""Petrushka"" (1911), and ""The Rite of Spring"" (1913). The last of these transformed the way in which subsequent composers thought about rhythmic structure and was largely responsible for Stravinsky's enduring reputation as"
"Maksym Berezovsky Maksym Sozontovych Berezovsky () (c.27 October 1745 – 2 April 1777) was a Ukrainian composer, opera singer, and violinist. Berezovsky was the first Ukrainian composer to be recognized throughout Europe and the first to compose an opera, symphony, and violin sonata. His most popular works are his sacred choral pieces written for the Orthodox Church. Much of his work has been lost; only three of the 18 known choral concertos have been found. Dmitry Bortniansky was thought to be the first Ukrainian symphonic composer until the discovery in 2002 of Berezovsky's Symphony in C by Steven Fox in"
"No. 1). At the Mariinsky, he also sang the title role of Wagner's ""Lohengrin"" for its Russian premiere in 1873. Komissarzhevsky remained at the Mariinsky Theatre until 1880 and then moved to Moscow where he sang at the Bolshoi Theatre as well as directing several operas there, including ""The Magic Flute"" and Cherubini's ""The Water Carrier"" (an opera hitherto unknown in Moscow). Following his retirement from the stage, Komissarzhevsky taught singing and acting at the Moscow Conservatory from 1883 to 1888. Amongst his private students was Konstantin Stanislavski, who had originally hoped to become an opera singer. When Stanislavski founded"
"antics and buffoonery. It's significant that his style of acting coincides with his last name Savoyarov that comes from French word ""savoyard"" which means a strolling musician, a troubadour from Savoy. In 1907 Savoyarov had a success on fair of Nizhny Novgorod where he performed together with his first wife Ariadna Azagarina. Earlier she was famous in single-show companies as a French cabaret singer. Performing as “French-russian duet” they had a repertoire that consisted of comic and satiric scenes including singing, dancing, disguise and impersonations using theatrical costumes, make-up, mise-en-scènes and even decorations. In 1914 Savoyarov published his first collection"
"singing style. He had an unusual habit of elongating consonants instead of vowels in his songs. So when a syllable is sung for a prolonged period of time, he would elongate the consonant instead of the vowel in that syllable. Vladimir Vysotsky Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (; 25 January 1938 – 25 July 1980) was a Russian singer-songwriter, poet, and actor whose career had an immense and enduring effect on Soviet and Russian culture. He became widely known for his unique singing style and for his lyrics, which featured social and political commentary in often humorous street jargon. He was also"
"were Paul Vian, a young rentier, and Yvonne Ravenez, amateur pianist and harpist. From his father Vian inherited a distrust of the church and the military, as well as a love of the bohemian life. Vian was the second of four children: the others were Lélio (1918–1984), Alain (1921–1995) and Ninon (1924–2003). The family occupied the ""Les Fauvettes"" villa. The name ""Boris"" was chosen by Yvonne, an avid classical music lover, after seeing a performance of Mussorgsky's opera ""Boris Godunov"". Boris later childhood was also marked with sickness as he suffered from Rheumatic fever when he was 12. From then"
"Feofil Tolstoy Feofil Matveyevich Tolstoy (, 6 June 1809, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia, — 20 February 1881, Saint Petersburg, Imperial Russia), was a Russian composer, music critic and writer who used the pseudonym ""Rostislav"". Tolstoy, the son of the senator Matvey Fyodorovich Tolstoy (1772—1815) and Praskovya Mikhaylovna Kutuzova (1777—1844), the daughter of the renowned Russian Field marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, worked for the most of his life as a mid-rank level state official, linked to the Moscow and Smolensk governors' offices, as well as the Ministry of Defense. He authored more than 200 romances (including the earliest, 1829, adaptation of Pushkin's"