Which Roman emperor was known by a nickname that means Little Boot?
"Caligula Caligula (; Latin: ""Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus""; 31 August 12 – 24 January 41 AD) was Roman emperor from AD 37 to AD 41. The son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina the Elder, Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Germanicus' uncle and adoptive father, Tiberius, succeeded Augustus as emperor of Rome in AD 14. Although he was born Gaius Caesar, after Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname ""Caligula"" (meaning ""little soldier's boot"", the diminutive form of ""caliga"") from his father's soldiers"
"regarding his reign was lost long ago. For most of the work, Suetonius refers to Caligula by his actual first name, Gaius. ('little boots') was a nickname given to him by his father's soldiers, because as a boy he would often dress in miniature battle gear and 'drill' the troops (without knowing the commands, but the troops loved him all the same and pretended to understand him). Caligula's father, Germanicus, was loved throughout Rome as a brilliant military commander and example of Roman pietas. Tiberius had adopted Germanicus as his heir, with the hope that Germanicus would succeed him. Germanicus"
"first century AD, the soldiery affectionately nicknamed the two or three year old Gaius ""Caligula"" (""little boot""), because he wore a diminutive soldier's outfit, complete with small ""caligae"". Occasionally, hobnailed ""caligae"" must have proved inconvenient, especially on hard surfaces; Josephus describes the killing of a ""caliga""-shod Roman centurion who had slipped on the Temple of Jerusalem's marble floor during an attack. Nevertheless, the design of the ""caliga"" allowed for its adjustment, which would have helped reduce chafing; it probably made an ""ideal marching boot"", and ""the thunderous sound of an attack by a hobnailed army (""caligati"") must have been terrifying."""
"Augustus and Scribonia on her mother's side. Through Agrippina, Augustus was the maternal great-grandfather of Gaius. As a boy of just two or three, Gaius accompanied his father, Germanicus, on campaigns in the north of Germania. The soldiers were amused that Gaius was dressed in a miniature soldier's outfit, including boots and armour. He was soon given his nickname ""Caligula"", meaning ""little (soldier's) boot"" in Latin, after the small boots (caligae) he wore. Gaius, though, reportedly grew to dislike this nickname. Suetonius claims that Germanicus was poisoned in Syria by an agent of Tiberius, who viewed Germanicus as a political"
"was made ""princeps"". While Germanicus was administering the oath of fealty to Tiberius, a mutiny began among the forces on the Rhine. During the mutiny, Agrippina brought out their sixth child, Gaius, and made preparations to take him away to a safer town nearby. He was in a full army outfit including the legionary hobnailed boots (""caligae""). These military-booties earned Gaius the nickname ""Caligula"" (lit. ""little boots""), and garnered sympathy for Agrippina and the child among the soldiery. Tacitus attributes her actions as having quelled the mutiny (Tacitus, ""Annals"" 1.40–4). Once the mutiny was put to an end, Germanicus allowed"
"his magister militum, Orestes, who took control of the government at Ravenna on August 28, forcing Nepos to flee by ship to Dalmatia. In the same year, Orestes enthroned his own teenage son as the new western emperor with the regnal name Romulus Augustus. The boy was probably around 15 years old when he became Emperor and is known to history as Romulus ""Augustulus"", using the diminutive second element to mean Romulus the ""Little"" Augustus. The reasons for Orestes' decision to crown his son as a puppet-emperor, rather than become emperor himself, are somewhat unclear. However, Romulus' position was not"
"Western Roman emperor is known as Romulus Augustulus meaning ""little Augustus"" as the emperor was only a 15-year-old boy at the time he became emperor in 475. The new administration was not recognized by the rival Eastern Roman Emperors Zeno and Basiliscus, who still considered Julius Nepos to be their legitimate partner in the administration of the Empire. But as they were engaged in a civil war with each other, neither emperor was about to oppose the latest usurper in battle. Orestes was free to issue new solidi in the mints of Arles, Milan, Ravenna and Rome, enabling him to"
"adopted the name Augustus upon his accession, he is better remembered by his derisive nickname ""Augustulus"". The Latin suffix ""-ulus"" is a diminutive; hence ""Augustulus"" effectively means ""Little Augustus"". The name ""Romulus"" was also changed derisively to ""Momyllus"" meaning ""little disgrace"". The historical record contains few details of Romulus' life. He was the son of Orestes, a Roman who once served as a secretary in the court of Attila the Hun before coming into the service of Julius Nepos in AD 475. In the same year he was promoted to the rank of ""magister militum"", but then led a military"
"Marcus Claudius Tacitus Tacitus (; ; c. 200 – June 276) was Roman Emperor from 275 to 276. During his short reign he campaigned against the Goths and the Heruli, for which he received the title ""Gothicus Maximus"". Tacitus was born in Interamna (Terni), in Italia. He circulated copies of the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus' work, which was barely read at the time, perhaps contributing to the partial survival of the historian's work. Modern historiography rejects his claimed descent from the historian as a fabrication. In the course of his long life he discharged the duties of various civil offices,"
"Booth wrote in his journal on April 21, 1865, while on the run, ""[W]ith every man's hand against me, I am here in despair. And why; For doing what Brutus was honored for ... And yet I for striking down a greater tyrant than they ever knew am looked upon as a common cutthroat."" Booth was also known to be greatly attracted to Caesar himself, having played both Brutus and Caesar upon various stages. Brutus the Younger Marcus Junius Brutus (the Younger) (; 85 BC – 23 October 42 BC), often referred to as Brutus, was a politician of the"
"Baths of Diocletian The Baths of Diocletian (Latin: ""Thermae Diocletiani"", Italian: ""Terme di Diocleziano"") were public baths in ancient Rome, in what is now Italy. Named after emperor Diocletian and built from 298 AD to 306 AD, they were the largest of the imperial baths. The project was originally commissioned by Maximian upon his return to Rome in the autumn of 298 and was continued after his and Diocletian's abdication under Constantius, father of Constantine. The baths occupy the high-ground on the northeast summit of the Viminal, the smallest of the Seven hills of Rome, just inside the Agger of"
"and a daughter: Constantine III (Byzantine emperor) Constantine III (; ; 3 May 612 – 20 April or 24/26 May 641) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 641, making him the shortest reigning Byzantine emperor. He was the eldest son of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia. Constantine's birth name was Heraclius Novus Constantinus, (), which was also the official name under which he reigned. The name Constantine became established in later Byzantine texts as short for the Emperor and has become standard in modern historiography. In terms of official imperial nomenclature, the style ""Constantine III"""
"Diocletian Diocletian (; ), born Diocles (22 December 244 – 3 December 311), was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become Roman cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. After the deaths of Carus and his son Numerian on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was proclaimed emperor. The title was also claimed by Carus' surviving son, Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in the Battle of the Margus. Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire and marks the end of the Crisis of the Third Century."
"for which Gaius earned the nickname ""Caligula"" (""little boots""). After three years in Gaul they returned to Rome and her husband was awarded a triumph on 26 May AD 17 to commemorate his victories. The following year, Germanicus was sent to govern over the eastern provinces. While Germanicus was active in his administration, the governor of Syria Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso began feuding with him. During the feud, her husband died of illness on 10 October AD 19. Germanicus was cremated in Antioch and she transported his ashes to Rome where they were interred at the Mausoleum of Augustus. Agrippina was"
"of Linn"". Claudius Claudius (; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first (and until Trajan, only) Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. Claudius' infirmity probably saved him from"
"boots were made from leather, in particular from cat skin. These boots symbolized power and were considered royal footwear. These items found are possibly dated to about 1 BC, when Lollius and Gaius Caesar visited the Roman East. As Gaius Caesar at this time was honored in many cities, it seems that Lollius was also an honored personality in this region. The original monument of Lollius was ca. 5 meters tall, and his statue was placed in one of the most important locations in Sagalassos. The remains of Lollius' statue are now on display at Burdur Museum in Turkey. Marcus"
"(""little Augustus""), due to the unimportance of his reign. The Latin title of the Holy Roman Emperor was usually """"Imperator Augustus"""", which conveys the modern understanding of ""emperor"" as monarch of an empire. Augustus remains in use as a given name. The Irish king Brian Boru (c. 941 – 1014) was described in the Annals of Ulster as ""ardrí Gaidhel Erenn & Gall & Bretan, August iartair tuaiscirt Eorpa uile"" (""High King of the Gaels of Ireland, the Norsemen and the Britons, ""Augustus"" of the whole of north-west Europe""), the only Irish king to receive that distinction. Augustus (title) Augustus"
"Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius (; ; 19 September 867 March 161 AD), also known as Antoninus, was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was one of the Five Good Emperors in the Nerva–Antonine dynasty and the Aurelii. Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held various offices during the reign of emperor Hadrian, acquiring favor which saw him adopted as Hadrian's son and successor shortly before Hadrian's death. He acquired the name Pius after his accession to the throne, either because he compelled the Senate to deify his adoptive father Hadrian, or because he had saved senators sentenced to death"
"Talmud describes Titus as having had sex with a whore on a Torah scroll inside the Temple during its destruction. The war in Judaea and the life of Titus, particularly his relationship with Berenice, have inspired writers and artists through the centuries. The bas-relief in the Arch of Titus has been influential in the depiction of the destruction of Jerusalem, with the Menorah frequently being used to symbolise the looting of the Second Temple. Titus Titus (; ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus"
"in a passage in the Satire II dealing with homosexuality, specifically mentions Otho as being vain, looking at himself in the mirror before going into battle, and ""plaster[ing] his face with dough"" in order to look good. Otho Otho (; ; 28 April 32 – 16 April 69 AD) was Roman emperor for three months, from 15 January to 16 April 69. He was the second emperor of the Year of the Four Emperors. A member of a noble Etruscan family, Otho was initially a friend and courtier of the young emperor Nero until he was effectively banished to the"
"Constans II Constans II (, ""Kōnstas II""; or ""Flavius Constantinus Augustus""; 7 November 630 – 15 September 668), also called Constantine the Bearded (Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Πωγωνάτος ""Kōnstantinos ho Pogonatos""), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 641 to 668. He was the last emperor to serve as consul, in 642. Constans is a nickname given to the Emperor, who had been baptized Herakleios and reigned officially as Constantine. The nickname established itself in Byzantine texts and has become standard in modern historiography. Constans was the son of Constantine III and Gregoria. After the death of Constantine III's father Heraclius, Constantine"
"Theodosius I Theodosius I (; ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was a Roman Emperor from 379 to 395, and the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the Empire. His resources were not sufficient to destroy them or drive them out, which had been Roman policy for centuries in dealing with invaders. By treaty, which followed his indecisive victory at the end of the Gothic War, they were"
"reported that he began acting strangely, declaring that he would alter the names of the months to honor himself, before succumbing to a fever. In a contrary account, Zosimus claims he was assassinated, after appointing one of his relatives to an important command in Syria. Marcus Claudius Tacitus Tacitus (; ; c. 200 – June 276) was Roman Emperor from 275 to 276. During his short reign he campaigned against the Goths and the Heruli, for which he received the title ""Gothicus Maximus"". Tacitus was born in Interamna (Terni), in Italia. He circulated copies of the historian Gaius Cornelius Tacitus'"
"Constantine III (Byzantine emperor) Constantine III (; ; 3 May 612 – 20 April or 24/26 May 641) was Byzantine emperor for four months in 641, making him the shortest reigning Byzantine emperor. He was the eldest son of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudokia. Constantine's birth name was Heraclius Novus Constantinus, (), which was also the official name under which he reigned. The name Constantine became established in later Byzantine texts as short for the Emperor and has become standard in modern historiography. In terms of official imperial nomenclature, the style ""Constantine III"" would be more"
"""cognomen"" Caesar. Some ""agnomina"" were inherited like ""cognomen"" were, thus establishing a sub-family. Caligula's ""agnomen"" came from the little boots he wore as part of his miniature soldier's uniform while accompanying his father Germanicus on campaigns in northern Germania. In turn, Germanicus received his agnomen in 9 BC, when it was posthumously awarded to his father Nero Claudius Drusus in honour of his Germanic victories. At birth, Germanicus had been known as either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle. As with Caligula, Germanicus is mostly referred to by his agnomen. An ""agnomen"" is"
"Roman ""augustus"". In terms of gold coins, Diadumenian has one known style of aureus, bearing his image on the obverse, and displaying Spes standing on the reverse, and one known style of half-aureus, bearing his image on the obverse, and displaying himself holding a sceptre and standard. Diadumenian Diadumenian (; ) (September 14/19, 208 – 218), was briefly Roman Emperor, in 218. He was born to Macrinus, the future emperor, and Nonia Celsa, whose name may be fictitious, on 14 September 208. He was elevated to Caesar in May 217, and after Elagabalus revolted a few days later Diadumenian was"
"Claudius Claudius (; ; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first (and until Trajan, only) Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. Claudius' infirmity probably saved him from the fate"
"Domitian Domitian (; ; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96 AD) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96. He was the younger brother of Titus and the son of Vespasian, his two predecessors on the throne, and the last member of the Flavian dynasty. During his reign, the authoritarian nature of his rule put him at sharp odds with the senate, whose powers he drastically curtailed. Domitian had a minor and largely ceremonial role during the reigns of his father and brother. After the death of his brother, Domitian was declared emperor by the Praetorian Guard. His 15-year reign"
"of the Middle Ages. Bibliography Theodosius I Theodosius I (; ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was a Roman Emperor from 379 to 395, and the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the Empire. His resources were not sufficient to destroy them or drive them out, which had been Roman policy for centuries in dealing with invaders. By treaty, which followed his indecisive victory at the end of"
"the early Empire was a formidable fighting force, but it probably was not in its entirety quite as good as Vegetius describes. In particular, the 5-foot-10-inch minimum height identified by Vegetius would have excluded the majority of the men in Roman times (the Roman foot was 29.6 cm and inch was 2.46 cm, hence a 5'10"" Roman was 172.6 cm, which is just above average height of Roman (Italian) men of the time from skeletal evidence from Herculaneum in 79 AD). The emperor Valentinian (364–375) lowered the height minimum to 5' 7"" Roman which equals 165.2 cm. Despite the romanticism"
"Zeno (emperor) Zeno the Isaurian (; ; ; c. 425 – 9 April 491), originally named Tarasis Kodisa Rousombladadiotes , was Eastern Roman Emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491. Domestic revolts and religious dissension plagued his reign, which nevertheless succeeded to some extent in foreign issues. His reign saw the end of the Western Roman Empire following the deposition of Romulus Augustus and the death of Julius Nepos, but he contributed much to stabilising the Eastern Empire. In ecclesiastical history, Zeno is associated with the ""Henotikon"" or ""instrument of union"", promulgated by him and signed"
"Marcus Antonius Antyllus Marcus Antonius Antyllus (47 BC – August 23, 30 BC) was known as Marcus Antonius Minor to distinguish him from his famous father, the Roman Triumvir Marc Antony (Marcus Antonius Major). He was also called Antyllus, a nickname given to him by his father meaning ""the Archer"". Despite his three children by Cleopatra, Marc Antony designated Antyllus as his official heir, a requirement under Roman law and a designation that probably contributed to his execution at age 17 by Octavian (later the Emperor Augustus). Antyllus was the eldest child of Mark Antony by his third wife, Fulvia."
"Vespasian Vespasian (; ; 17 November 9 AD – 24 June 79 AD) was Roman emperor from 69–79, the fourth, and last, in the Year of the Four Emperors. He founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled the Empire for 27 years. Vespasian was the first emperor who hailed from an equestrian family and only rose into the senatorial rank as the first member of his family later in his lifetime. Vespasian's renown came from his military success; he was legate of Legio II ""Augusta"" during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of"