Which club team is regarded as the first to have pioneered the concept of total football?
"ADO Den Haag and Feyenoord. Happel also managed the Netherlands national team to a runner-up finish in the 1978 World Cup. The major component was the use of space, with the need to consistently create space central to the concept of Total Football. Former Ajax defender Barry Hulshoff described it as ""[the thing] we discussed the whole time. Cruyff always talked about where to run and where to stand, and when not to move"". He further elaborated that position switching was only made possible due to apt spatial awareness. He also described Total Football being proactive, as well as highlighting"
"exponents of ""Total Football"", including Johan Cruyff and Johan Neeskens, among others, together with their pioneering tactician and coach Rinus Michels, would more profoundly take European centre stage, dispatching Panathinaikos, Internazionale and Juventus in successive finals. The mid-1970s belonged to Bayern Munich. Led by Franz Beckenbauer, and also starring Sepp Maier, Gerd Müller, Uli Hoeneß and Paul Breitner, the German club not only emulated Ajax's trio of victories but was unmistakably inspired by the beacon of ""Total Football"". In its first final, Bayern triumphed over Atlético Madrid in a replayed match. The following year, Leeds United were controversially - some"
"final and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament. Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the school of football known as ""Total Football"" (""Totaalvoetbal"" in Dutch) explored by Rinus Michels. Being known as ""the total footballer"", he was also one of the brilliant pioneers of the ""false nine"" position/role in modern football. In Total Football's heyday (in the early 1970s), Cruyff was truly an ‘on-field tactician’, an ‘on-field manager’, or a ‘coach-player’ at the same time, before the concept of player-coach was at the height of its popularity in professional football during the 1980s and 1990s. As"
"the first team. Former technical director Pep Segura attributes the club's success to its ""philosophy of play"": ""It is about creating one philosophy, one mentality, from the bottom of the club to the top"". The philosophy consists of the application of total football mixed with traditional Spanish one-touch play (""tiqui-taka""). The total football approach was derived from the Netherlands football team through Cruyff. The total football approach requires the players to move in a fluid formation, where players can interchange positions quickly. In the youth academy, there is a large focus on technical ability, which is seen as a pre-requisite"
"defensive strength, they were equally renowned for their ability to score goals with few touches from fast, sudden counter-attacks, due to Herrera's innovative use of attacking, overlapping full-backs. Total Football, invented by Ștefan Kovács in the 1970s, exposed weaknesses in Herrera's version of ""Catenaccio"". In Total Football, no player is fixed in his nominal role; anyone can assume in the field the duties of an attacker, a midfielder or a defender, depending on the play. Man-marking alone was insufficient to cope with this fluid system. Coaches began to create a new tactical system that mixed man-marking with zonal defense. In"
"ability to introduce playmaking stifled in the second half of the match by the effective marking of Berti Vogts. This allowed Franz Beckenbauer, Uli Hoeneß, and Wolfgang Overath to gain a stronghold in midfield, thus, enabling West Germany to win 2–1. FC Barcelona and the Spanish national team devolved a new play style called ""Juego de Posicion"" based off the theory of Total Football, and the managerial philosophy headed by Johan Cruyff during his time as Barcelona manager from 1988 to 1996. Total Football Total Football () is a tactical theory in football in which any outfield player can take"
"the 1950s, or Brazilian side Santos in the 1960s. In Total Football, a player who moves out of his position is replaced by another from his team, thus retaining the team's intended organisational structure. In this fluid system, no outfield player is fixed in a predetermined role; anyone can successively play as an attacker, a midfielder and a defender. The only player who must stay in a specified position is the goalkeeper. Total Football's tactical success depends largely on the adaptability of each footballer within the team, in particular the ability to quickly switch positions depending on the on-field situation."
"almost single-handedly inventing the modern game was not a professional team but the Cambridge University XI of 1882. Contemporaries described Cambridge as being the first ""combination"" team in which each player was allotted an area of the field and played as part of a team in a game that was based upon passing"". In a discussion by CW Alcock on the history of a ""definite scheme of attack"" and ""elaborate combination"" in football playing style, he states in 1891: ""The perfection of the system which is in vogue at the present time however is in a very great measure the"
"The theory requires players to be comfortable in multiple positions; hence, it requires very intelligent and technically diverse players. During the 1970s, Ajax played some of their finest football ever, achieving a perfect home record (46–0–0) for two full seasons (1971–72 and 1972–73), just one defeat in the whole of the 1971–72 season, and celebrating four titles in 1972 (the Netherlands national league, KNVB Cup, European Cup and Intercontinental Cup). The foundations for Total Football were laid by Jack Reynolds, who was the manager of Ajax from 1915–1925, 1928–1940, and 1945–1947. Total Football also saw further development by Gusztáv Sebes,"
"be versatile – the ideal would be for any of his players to be able to play in any position. This was a revolutionary idea – most players were used to playing in one specific position. This was an early form of Total Football. Ferenc Puskas commented, ""When we attacked, everyone attacked, and in defence it was the same. We were the prototype for Total Football."" The Hungarians arrived at the 1952 Summer Olympics unbeaten for two years. The team easily defeated opponents in the preliminary rounds, before meeting the 1948 defending Olympic champions, Sweden, in the semi-finals. Hungary demolished"
"evolution of football tactics based upon contemporary accounts, Adrian Harvey refers to the teams responsible for the ""early"" development of the passing game (including Sheffield, The Royal Engineers and Queens Park) but comes to the following conclusion about the finished, modern team product: ""Curiously, the side that was generally credited with transforming the tactics of association football and almost single-handedly inventing the modern game was not a professional team but the Cambridge University XI of 1882. Contemporaries described Cambridge as being the first ""combination"" team in which each player was allotted an area of the field and played as part"
"systemic foundations for a prominent school of football: ""Barçajax school"" or ""Barça-Ajax school"", as it has been termed by many. The predominant style of play, now known as ""tiki-taka"" or ""tiqui-taca"", had been transferred and improved from Ajax to Barça. It was that which has sustained Barcelona since the days of Vic Buckingham, Rinus Michels and Cruyff (as player) in the early 1970s: they were the ideas of Ajax; Total Football, a predominant belief in possession-oriented football with an attack-minded 3–4–3/4–3–3 team formation, rooted in a high offside line, pressing and the interchange of players on the field. When Cruyff"
"the coach of the Hungarian national football team during the 1950s, who drew heavy inspiration from Burnley native and continental pioneer Jimmy Hogan. In the same decade, Burnley were playing a renewed system in English football ""where every player could play in every position"" under manager Harry Potts. This system led Burnley to the 1959–60 English League title and won many plaudits, including admiration from all-time English First Division top scorer Jimmy Greaves. The Austrian """"Wunderteam"""" of the 1930s is also credited as being the first national team to play Total Football. Between 1941 and 1947 the Argentinian club River"
"of a team in a game that was based upon passing"". In a discussion by CW Alcock on the history of a ""definite scheme of attack"" and ""elaborate combination"" in football playing style, he states in 1891: ""The perfection of the system which is in vogue at the present time however is in a very great measure the creation of the last few years. The Cambridge University eleven of 1882 were the first to illustrate the full possibilities of a systematic combination giving full scope to the defence as well as the attack"" In May 2013, the Cambridge City Council"
"Johan Cruyff as one of his biggest fans, he remained largely unremembered in his native England. He died in Chichester, England age 79. West Bromwich Albion Ajax Barcelona Vic Buckingham Victor Frederick Buckingham (23 October 1915 – 26 January 1995) was an English footballer whose approach as a manager was a precursor of the Total Football philosophy. Buckingham joined Tottenham Hotspur in 1934 and played the first season (1934–35) for Tottenham Hotspur nursery club Northfleet United. After that single season he returned to Tottenham and played 230 games as a defensive midfielder before leaving in 1949. He started his managerial"
"evolution of football tactics based upon contemporary accounts, Adrian Harvey of the University of London refers to the teams responsible for the ""early"" development of the passing game (including Sheffield, The Royal Engineers and ""the short passes beloved of [Scotland's] Queens Park"") but comes to the following conclusion about the finished, modern team product: ""Curiously, the side that was generally credited with transforming the tactics of association football and almost single-handedly inventing the modern game was not a professional team but the Cambridge University XI of 1882. Contemporaries described Cambridge as being the first ""combination"" team in which each player"
"longest serving post-war manager, almost leading them to an elusive 'double' in 1954 when they won the FA Cup and finished second in the league. During his management of Ajax, he spotted the young Johan Cruijff who was to go on to develop Buckingham's ideas into the mature concept of Total Football. Buckingham's ideas were radically ahead of his time - engendering total football philosophies and youth systems - and earned him a continental reputation (especially in Spain where he was appointed coach of FC Barcelona and then Sevilla FC) which more often than not overshadowed his talent back home."
"the chief rival of another early professional football team, the Latrobe Athletic Association. Aside from Fiscus, the Greensburg Athletic Association included several of the era's top players, such as: Charlie Atherton, George Barclay, Ross Fiscus, Jack Gass, Arthur McFarland, Charles Rinehart, Isaac Seneca and Adam Martin Wyant. Several of these players revolutionized the game during their playing careers. Charlie Atherton is credited with inventing the place kick, and George Barclay invented the first-ever football helmet. Meanwhile, Isaac Seneca became the first Native-American to earn All-American honors and Adam Martin Wyant was the first professional football player to become a United"
"Vic Buckingham Victor Frederick Buckingham (23 October 1915 – 26 January 1995) was an English footballer whose approach as a manager was a precursor of the Total Football philosophy. Buckingham joined Tottenham Hotspur in 1934 and played the first season (1934–35) for Tottenham Hotspur nursery club Northfleet United. After that single season he returned to Tottenham and played 230 games as a defensive midfielder before leaving in 1949. He started his managerial career with amateur team Pegasus followed by Bradford Park Avenue, then a Football League side, before taking over at West Bromwich Albion in 1953. He became the club's"
"first round. That World Cup campaign remains Germany's worst ever World Cup finals performance. Matthias Sindelar, who did not play for Germany, was found dead in his home in 1939, under circumstances that have been debated since. The ill-fated Austrian Wunderteam is also credited in some circles as being the first national team to play Total Football. It is no coincidence that Ernst Happel, a talented Austrian player in the 1940s and 1950s, was coach in the Netherlands in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He introduced a tougher style of play at the clubs ADO and Feyenoord, and managed"
"these two teams is commonly referred to as ""De Topper"" (""The Topper""), and involves the two most trophy-laden sides in Dutch football and is essentially a clash of two competing schools of thought in Dutch football. Historically, PSV compete with a workmanlike ethic, preferring a more robust 4–3–1–2 or 4–2–3–1, typically shunning the seductive 4–3–3 approach favoured in Amsterdam. While Rinus Michels and Johan Cruyff helped to innovate Total Football in the sixties and seventies, a different philosophy was honed in Eindhoven by Kees Rijvers and Guus Hiddink in the late 1970s and '80s. This in turn has created one"
"Total Football's high defensive line, positional interchange and use of possession to control the game. It departed from its Dutch roots by subordinating everything to the pass: Guardiola played a centre-forward as a false nine to keep the ball moving fluidly from different angles; he played the full-backs higher; he selected midfielders in defence to exploit their passing ability; and he forced the goalkeeper to play the ball out from the back. Raphael Honigstein describes the tiki-taka played by the Spanish national team at the 2010 World Cup as ""a radical style that only evolved over the course of four"
"three mobile defenders; plus one more covering space – becoming, in effect, a defensive midfielder, two ""controlling"" midfielders with responsibilities to feed the attack-minded players, one second striker, two touchline-hugging wingers and one versatile centre forward. So successful was this system that Ajax won the Champions League in 1995 playing Cruyff's system. The starting point of his system was always the Total Football doctrine of dominating the game with ball possession. When Manchester United lost against Barcelona in the European Cup in 1994 with 4-0, Sir Alex Ferguson remarked about the system Cruyff was using: As Barcelona's manager for nearly"
"the Total Football philosophy and the superb team-work of whom many consider the top three players in the world: Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta. The international press hailed Barcelona's impressive win and their football as currently the best in the game, while some questioned whether the Real Madrid squad was ""ready"" for the magnitude of this match. Guardiola stated, ""it was a spectacle"" and ""how we did it – that makes us proud. Now just let us sit back and enjoy that win – we'll reflect and look at the whole game, but now it would be wrong not to"
"award to CUAFC who the museum recognise as the oldest football club in the world. Cambridge graduates set up many early football clubs, such as Hallam F.C. in the north and the Forest Club in Essex. In a detailed investigation into the evolution of football tactics based upon contemporary accounts, Adrian Harvey refers to the teams responsible for the ""early"" development of the passing game (including Sheffield, The Royal Engineers and Queens Park) but comes to the following conclusion about the finished, modern team product: ""Curiously, the side that was generally credited with transforming the tactics of association football and"
"led to reach the final match of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and to win the 1988 UEFA European Championship. He is credited with the invention of a major football playing style and set of tactics known as ""Total Football"" in the 1970s. He was named Coach of the Century by FIFA in 1999 and in 2007 the greatest post-war football coach by ""The Times"". Michels was born in Amsterdam and grew up at the Olympiaweg, a street near the Olympic Stadium. He celebrated his ninth birthday on 9 February 1936, when he received a pair of football boots and"
"Dave Berry (American football) David J. Berry was a major football manager during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the top promoter for the sport during that time period. He is credited with inventing the ""all-star game concept"" in 1898, and also helped to form one of the first organized football leagues in 1902. He was the manager of the Latrobe Athletic Association the first ever fully professional football team to play an entire season. He was also signed John Brallier to the Latrobe football team in 1895, for $10 a game plus expenses, making him the"
"the, at the time unfashionable, 4–4–2 formation and he introduced ""Total Football"" to English football in his first seasons at the club. Burnley endured a tense 1959–60 season in which Tottenham Hotspur and Wolverhampton Wanderers were the other protagonists in the chase for the league title, but the club ultimately clinched their second league championship on the last day of the season at Maine Road, Manchester with a 2–1 victory against Manchester City with goals from Brian Pilkington and Trevor Meredith. Although they had been in contention all season, Burnley had never led the table until this last match was"
"whole season, becoming the first fully professional football team. In 1898, William Chase Temple took over the team payments for the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, a professional football team based in Pittsburgh from 1895 until 1900, becoming the first known individual football club owner. Later that year, the Morgan Athletic Club, on the South Side of Chicago, was founded. This team later became the Chicago Cardinals, then the St. Louis Cardinals and now is known as the Arizona Cardinals, making them the oldest continuously operating professional football team. The first known professional football league, known as the National Football"
"by the managers Luis Aragonés and Vicente del Bosque. Tiki-taka moves away from the traditional thinking of formations in football to a concept derived from zonal play. Earlier tactics that, like the tiki-taka, rose to success in their times due to an unprecedented perfection in passing and movement without the ball include the Schalker Kreisel (""Schalke spinning top""), which won FC Schalke 04 six German championships between 1934 and 1942, and the Total football used by Ajax Amsterdam and the Dutch national team during the 1970s. The late Spanish broadcaster Andrés Montes is generally credited with coining and popularizing the"
"renowned for their youth policy and scouting system, which yielded many young players over the years such as club legend Jimmy McIlroy and John Connelly. Former Burnley player Harry Potts was appointed the club's manager in 1958. After foundations were laid by Brown and Lord, Potts forged a young team revolving around the midfield duo of Jimmy Adamson and playmaker Jimmy McIlroy. The style of play was striking as well, Potts often employing the at the time unfashionable 4–4–2 formation and it is believed he introduced ""Total Football"" to English football. 1959–60 season The pinnacle of a strong period in"
"combination giving full scope to the defence as well as the attack"" The 1883 Cambridge University side was the first team to introduce the ""pyramid"" 2 3 5 formation (two defenders, three midfield, and five strikers). Following the success of the ""Cambridge pyramid"" this formation became the norm for all football teams. Alcock goes onto say: ""It was about this time [1883] that the third half back came to be recognized as a necessity of the new formation, and though the Scotch players were slow to acknowledge an innovation emanating from England, which forms the keystone of the formation of"
"however, it could only be introduced by using a core set of talented players who were used to playing together at both a club and national level for a period of time. It would be nearly 20 years before the Dutch national team of the 1970s utilised the same approach with their concept of Total Football. The Mighty Magyars feature in three of the top 10 highest rated matches all-time. A list of the 10 matches between teams with the highest combined Elo ratings (the nation's points before the matches are given) as of July 16, 2010. Golden Team The"