Burgess, McLean and Blunt all belonged to which arcane Cambridge University Debating Society founded in the 1820's?
"Cambridge Apostles The Cambridge Apostles is an intellectual society at the University of Cambridge founded in 1820 by George Tomlinson, a Cambridge student who went on to become the first Bishop of Gibraltar. The origin of the Apostles' nickname dates from the number, twelve, of their founders. Membership consists largely of undergraduates, though there have been graduate student members, and members who already hold university and college posts. The society traditionally drew most of its members from Christ's, St John's, Jesus, Trinity and King's Colleges. The society is essentially a discussion group. Meetings are held once a week, traditionally on"
"Literary Society, its name was changed to the Branch-Soule Debating Society. In October, 2000, several speaking clubs, including the Debate Team, Branch-Soule Society, Mock Trial Team, and Junior Statesmen of America, merged to form the Golden Branch Society, due to low attendance. The society some time changed its name to the Daniel Webster Debate Society in honor of Daniel Webster. The society was founded on July 16, 1818. It was preceded by the Rhetorical Society of the Phillips Exeter Academy, founded in 1807, which counted among its members many future founders of the Golden Branch. It was dissolved in 1820."
"The Cambridge Union The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as ""The Cambridge Union"", is a debating and free speech society in Cambridge, England, and the largest society at the University of Cambridge. It is the oldest continuously running debating society in the world. Additionally, the Cambridge Union has served as a model for the foundation of similar societies at several other prominent universities, including the Oxford Union and the Yale Political Union. The Union is a private society with membership open to all students of Cambridge University, and more recently Anglia Ruskin University. The Cambridge Union is a registered"
"Ian McKellen. Previous students involved in the Cambridge Union have included Arianna Huffington, and the famous economist John Maynard Keynes. The Cambridge Union was founded on 13 February 1815. Several years after it was founded, on 24 March 1817, the Union was temporarily shut down by the University. In 1821 the Union was allowed to reform, under strict guidelines. The Union's Bridge Street premises () were designed by Alfred Waterhouse (who went on to design the Oxford Union Society's building) and formally opened on 30 October 1866. An additional wing was added several decades later. The future radical Liberal politician,"
"was founded in 1802 by a group of essayists who knew each other first in the milieu of the Speculative Society. The University of Cambridge had a Speculative Society in the early years of the 19th century; it was one of the clubs that merged to form the Cambridge Union Society. Around 1825 Utilitarians and Owenites in London engaged in debates, and a formal Debating Society consciously modelled on the Speculative Society of Edinburgh was set up by John Stuart Mill. It was ambitious, but proved short-lived. Past members of the Speculative Society of Edinburgh include: The Speculative Society The"
"enjoyed successes on both the national and international debate circuits, for example in the finals of the World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC) in 2010 and 2011. The LSE Debate Society frequently participates in national debates at the Oxford Union and Cambridge Union Founded in 1923, the Grimshaw Club is one of the oldest and most controversial student societies in the UK. The Grimshaw Club has been described by many as a secret society, however the Club has maintained that it is now fully open and transparent. It is affiliated with the Department of International Relations, yet its membership is open"
"post-revolutionary debating societies, the Dialectic and Philanthropic Societies, were formed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1795 and are still active. The first student debating society in Great Britain was the St Andrews Debating Society, formed in 1794 as the ""Literary Society"". The Cambridge Union Society was founded in 1815, and claims to be the oldest continually operating debating society in the World. This claim is arguably valid because Princeton's societies had been shut down during the American Revolutionary War, while the UNC societies' operations were briefly suspended during the American Civil War. Over the next"
"debating society."" During the 1930s, the debate society was subject to 'The Quimby Institute' which pitted each and every debate student against Brooks Quimby himself. This is where he began to engage heated debate with them that stressed ""flawless assertions"" and resulted in every error made by the student to be carefully scrutinized and teased. During the Chase presidency, the college's debate team became intercollegiate and associated with the college's academic reputation. The debate society became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally. In February 1920, the debate team defeated Harvard College during the national"
"Philolexian Society The Philolexian Society of Columbia University is one of the oldest college literary and debate societies in the United States, and the oldest student group at Columbia. Founded in 1802, the Society aims to ""improve its members in Oratory, Composition and Forensic Discussion."" The name ""Philolexia"" is Greek for ""love of discourse,"" and the society's motto is the Latin word ""Surgam"", meaning ""I shall rise."" The society traces its roots to a literary society founded by, then student, Alexander Hamilton in the 1770s. Philolexian (known to members as ""Philo,"" pronounced with a long ""i"") has been called the"
"ability to dominate discussion). It was the only time the philosophers, three of the most eminent in the world, were ever in the same room together. The minutes record that the meeting was ""charged to an unusual degree with a spirit of controversy."" John Maynard Keynes also invited him to join the Cambridge Apostles, an elite secret society formed in 1820, which both Russell and G. E. Moore had joined as students, but Wittgenstein did not enjoy it and attended infrequently. Russell had been worried that Wittgenstein would not appreciate the group's unseriousness, style of humour, or the fact that"
"decisions were taken collectively by the Society as a whole. However, membership was limited to twenty-five students, was strictly by election, and no 'strangers' were permitted to attend debates. In 1846, ""The Classical Society"", a rival debating society, was re-established and was soon vying with the Literary Society for the attention of the student body. However, it soon became apparent that there were simply not enough students at the university to justify the existence of two debating societies and consequently in 1890 the Classical Society and Literary Society merged to form the ""Union Debating Society"". The acquisition of James Crichton's"
"The debate society of Bates College, the Brooks Quimby Debate Council, became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally, and is the oldest collegiate coeducational debate team in the United States. In February 1920, the debate team defeated Harvard College during the national debate tournament held at Lewiston City Hall. In 1921, the college's debate team participated in the first intercontinental collegiate debate in history against the Oxford Union's debate team at the University of Oxford. Oxford's first debate in the United States was against Bates in Lewiston, in September 1923. In addition during this"
"Cambridge Universities Labour Club The Cambridge Universities Labour Club (CULC) is a student political society, first founded as the Cambridge University Fabian Society in 1905, to provide a voice for Labour Party values of socialism and social democracy at the University of Cambridge. Although the society served only University of Cambridge students for most of its history, in 2007, membership was also opened up to students of Anglia Ruskin. CULC's varied past has seen it go through several disaffiliations with the national Labour Party, including periods in the 1960s and 1970s when it was under the influence of the entryist"
"Chase presidency, the college's debate team became intercollegiate and associated with the college's academic reputation. In 1920, the Bates Outing Club was founded and is one of the oldest collegiate outing clubs in the country, the first at a private college to include both men and women from inception, and one of the few outing clubs that remains entirely student run. The debate society of Bates College, the Brooks Quimby Debate Council, became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally. In February 1920, the debate team defeated Harvard College during the national debate tournament held"
"Debating Competition, which reach secondary schools throughout the country. The L&H was founded in 1855, a year after the foundation of the Catholic University of Ireland, the precursor to UCD. Both the university and the debating society were founded by Father John Henry Newman (future Cardinal Newman). One of the Society's most famous members from this era was James Joyce, who presented his paper ""Drama and Life"" before a crowd of assembled members in 1900. Conor Cruise O'Brien served as Vice President of the Society during his time in UCD. Most of the College's societies, including the UCD Student Union"
"The Dialectic Society, the original manifestation of the QDU, was responsible for founding in 1858 and initially administering the Alma Mater Society, the student government organization for the University. Later the formerly all-male Dialectic Society incorporated the Levana Debating Society, the club’s all-female equivalent, to become the modern incarnation of the Queen's Debating Union. Queen's debaters were highly involved in constructing and maintaining the first manifestations of inter-collegiate debate among Canadian institutions, in particular organizing a longstanding set of competitions with the University of Ottawa beginning at the turn of the twentieth century. The club was also responsible for establishing"
"Nobel Laureates, Players, and Journalists, including the Dalai Lama, Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Jawahar Lal Nehru. In 1884, the Siddons Union Club modeled after debating club at Cambridge began its activities at Strachey Hall. Debates were held twice a month in English and once a month in Hindustani. At the foundation an interchange of greetings between Cambridge Union Society took place. The following were the texts: ""The President of the Siddons Union Club of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College presents his compliments to the President of the Cambridge University Union Society, and begs to inform him that the Cambridge"
"Britain. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione Society), a clandestine Cambridge discussion group of 12 undergraduates, mostly from Trinity and King's Colleges who considered themselves to be the brightest minds in the university. Many were homosexual and Marxist at that time. Amongst other members also later accused of being part of the Cambridge spy ring were the American Michael Whitney Straight and Victor Rothschild, who later worked for MI5. Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase ""Eliezar and Rebecca"" by Nicolas Poussin. The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500"
"campus in the mid-1830s, which first presented joint ""orations"" in 1854. Many debating societies that were founded at least as early as the mid-nineteenth century are still active today, though they have generally shifted their focus to intercollegiate competitive debate. In addition to Wake Forest, the debate society at Northwestern University dates to 1855. Boston College's Fulton Debating Society, which was founded in 1868, continues to stage an annual public ""Fulton Prize Debate"" between teams of its own students after the intercollegiate debate season has ended. Other universities continue similar traditions. Intercollegiate debates have been held since at least as"
"a paper or pay a fine, which led to Luke Howard's 1802 presentation ""On The Modification of Clouds"", which established the still used terms ""stratus,"" ""cumulus,"" and ""cirrus."" They often held theatres for ""laughing gas evenings"", where members would watch as fellows would sup nitrous oxide and stumble around the stage. The Society disbanded in 1807, with many of its members going on to join the Mineralogical Society, the Geological Society, the Linnean Society and the Royal Society of London. Askesian Society The Askesian Society — was a debating club for scientific thinkers in London (1796-1807). The name was taken"
"was founded within the Maine State Seminary making it the oldest coeducational college debate society in the United States. It was headed by Bates alumnus and teacher Brooks Quimby and became the first intercollegiate international debate team in the United States. The Quimby Debate Society has been noted as ""America's most prestigious debating society,"" and the ""playground of the powerful."" During the 1930s, the debate society was subject to 'The Quimby Institute' which pitted each and every debate student against Brooks Quimby himself. This is where he began to engage heated debate with them that stressed ""flawless assertions"" and resulted"
"Askesian Society The Askesian Society — was a debating club for scientific thinkers in London (1796-1807). The name was taken from the Greek term ""Askesis"", meaning 'training' or 'application'. Founded on 23 March 1796 in London. It was founded by William Allen, who allowed the use of his laboratory at No. 2 Plough Court for the Society's scientific experiments. The other two principal founders were Richard Phillips and William Haseldine Pepys, both Quakers from the Lombard Street area. The club was formed to fill the void after the departure of Bryan Higgins and his chemistry lectures. Members had to present"
"young and impressionable"". Yet Lownie points out that most of his fellow Cambridge communists did not work for the Russians, and indeed reassessed their position after the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Holzman stresses the high price of Burgess's political continuing commitment, which ""cost him everything else he valued: the possibility of fulfilling intimate relationships, the social life that revolved around the BBC, Fleet Street and Whitehall, even the chance to be with his mother as she lay dying"". Of the other Cambridge spies, Maclean and Philby lived out their lives in Moscow, dying in 1983 and 1988 respectively. Blunt, who was interrogated"
"with tax remission) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. There are numerous versions of how Blunt was recruited to the NKVD. As a Cambridge don, Blunt visited the Soviet Union in 1933, and was possibly recruited in 1934. In a press conference, Blunt claimed that Guy Burgess recruited him as a spy. Many sources suggest that Blunt remained at Cambridge and served as a talent-spotter. He may have identified Burgess, Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross and Michael Straight – all undergraduates at Trinity College (except Maclean at the neighbouring Trinity Hall), a few years younger than he –"
"by the decline of both societies, but a full revival did not begin until 1907 when the Literary Society of Rutgers College was formed, and later took the name “Philoclean.” This society was markedly different from the original, chiefly focusing on the discussion of literature, and less attention to debate and oration. However, the society founded the Interscholastic Debating League for secondary schools across three states in 1914, and organized a rival society, the Philalethean Literary Society at the New Jersey College for Women (now Douglass College) in 1920. The society, however, declined and ceased to exist in 1932. The"
"example a debate took place in the Cambridge Union Society (the University's debating club) in November 1980 under the title ""This House Believes Britain's Dependence on Nuclear Power will Result in Disaster"", opposed by Bernard Jenkin. In this context, the magazine was founded by two undergraduates at the Cambridge University Engineering Department, Richard Davies and Andrew Bud. They secured funding from the Engineering Department which agreed to supply materials and printing services. The first edition ran to 52 pages, and 500 copies were distributed free throughout the University immediately after the Union Society debate. Thanks to the support of one"
"Debate & Literary Society alumni group and newsletter, the Enosinian name has been adopted by a number of student organizations that have emerged and died out since 2000 as well as the GWU Enosinian Scholars Program. Enosinian Society The Enosinian Society is a debate and literary society founded in 1822 during the first semester of the Columbian College that is currently known as The George Washington University Debate & Literary Society. Adapting its name from the Greek word meaning ""to shake"" or ""to contend,"" the Enosinian Society was founded on March 6, 1822, by a group of 15 students as"
"Hunt, Alan Johnson, Andy Burnham, Iain McNicol, Hilary Benn, Axelle Lemaire and Ken Livingstone. CULC has gone through several name changes. The society it began as an offshoot of was founded as the Cambridge University Fabian Society in 1905, and then changed its name in June 1915 to Cambridge University Socialist Society (which retained a separate Fabian Society within it), dedicated to """"complete political and industrial democracy... [and] supersession of the capitalist system"""". It then changed its name to Cambridge University Labour Club in the late 1910s, before reverting to being the C.U. Socialist Society at the end of the"
"as student advocates in all areas of the university, including matters related to student life, academics, university finances, and campus facilities. The Debate Society was founded in 1903 and later named in honor of Woodrow Wilson, who had been a professor at Wesleyan between 1888–1890 and who ""became deeply involved in extracurricular student activities such as the [Wesleyan] debate society."" He ""stimulated students to organize opportunity for debate through a House of Commons similar to the one he had started at Johns Hopkins in 1884."" It captured first place in past years at the annual Brown, Columbia, Georgetown, Harvard, Princeton,"
"1931, he met Anthony Blunt, four years his senior and a Trinity postgraduate. The two shared artistic interests and became friends, possibly lovers. Blunt was a member of the intellectual society known as the ""Apostles"", to which in 1932 he secured Burgess's election. This gave Burgess a greatly extended range of networking opportunities; membership of the Apostles was lifelong, so at the regular meetings he met many of the leading intellectuals of the day, such as G. M. Trevelyan, the University's Regius Professor of History, the writer E. M. Forster, and the economist John Maynard Keynes. In the early 1930s,"
"below. American Whig–Cliosophic Society The American Whig–Cliosophic Society (Whig-Clio) is a political, literary, and debating society at Princeton University and the oldest debate union in the United States. Its precursors, the American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society, were founded at Princeton in 1769 and 1765 by James Madison, William Paterson, Oliver Ellsworth, and Aaron Burr. Originally two separate organizations, the American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society were the primary student organizations at Princeton until the end of the 19th century. Competition from eating clubs, sports teams, and other student activities drew members away from the societies. Prompted by"
"Linnaean Society of New England The Linnaean Society of New England (1814–1822) was established in Boston, Massachusetts, to promote natural history. The society organized a natural history museum and also arranged lectures and excursions for its members. In 1817 it became involved in the Gloucester sea serpent debate. Although the society itself did not last, its initial energy and rapid accomplishments helped shape the growing field of natural history in the early years of the United States. The society began December 8, 1814, ""at the room of Dr. Jacob Bigelow."" Founders included Bigelow; Walter Channing; Ezekiel D. Cushing; James Freeman"
"Daniel Webster Debate Society The Daniel Webster Debate Society at Phillips Exeter Academy is the oldest secondary school student debate union and literary club in the United States. Established in 1818 as ""The Golden Branch Literary Society"", a secret society, the club later changed its name to honor Senator Daniel Webster, who attended the Academy. The club's primary focus today is on parliamentary-style debate, with some focus on policy debate and speechmaking. The previous name of the society was taken from The Golden Bough of the Aeneid by Virgil, VI, i36ff. When the society merged with the Gideon L. Soule"