What is the chemical symbol for cobalt?
"Cobalt sulfide Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoS. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formula CoS, CoS, CoS, and CoS. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric. Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS) and linnaeite (CoS). CoS (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. CoS. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif. The CoS compound is known as a very rare cobaltpentlandite (the Co analogue of"
"(DRC) and Zambia yields most of the global cobalt production. The DRC alone accounted for more than 50% of world production in 2016 (123,000 tonnes), according to Natural Resources Canada. Cobalt is primarily used in the manufacture of magnetic, wear-resistant and high-strength alloys. The compounds cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAlO, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and for the production of high energy gamma rays. Cobalt is the active center"
"investigated as electrocatalysts. [[Category:Cobalt compounds]] [[Category:Sulfides]] Cobalt sulfide Cobalt sulfide is the name for chemical compounds with a formula CoS. Well-characterized species include minerals with the formula CoS, CoS, CoS, and CoS. In general, the sulfides of cobalt are black, semiconducting, insoluble in water, and nonstoichiometric. Cobalt sulfides occur widely as minerals, comprising major sources of all cobalt compounds. Binary cobalt sulfide minerals include the cattierite (CoS) and linnaeite (CoS). CoS (see image in table) is isostructural with iron pyrite, featuring disulfide groups, i.e. CoS. Linnaeite, also rare, adopts the spinel motif. The CoS compound is known as a very"
"Potassium cobaltinitrite Potassium cobaltinitrite, IUPAC name potassium hexanitritocobaltate(III), is a salt with the formula K[Co(NO)]. It is a yellow solid that is insoluble in water. The compound finds some use as a yellow pigment. The salt features potassium cations and an trianionic coordination complex. In the anion, cobalt is bound by six nitrito ligands, the overall complex having octahedral molecular geometry. The oxidation state of cobalt is 3+. Its low-spin d configuration confers kinetic stability and diamagnetism. The compound was first described in 1848 by Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer in Breslau, and it is used as a yellow pigment called Aureolin."
"Potassium cobaltinitrite Potassium cobaltinitrite, IUPAC name potassium hexanitritocobaltate(III), is a salt with the formula K[Co(NO)]. It is a yellow solid that is insoluble in water. The compound finds some use as a yellow pigment. The salt features potassium cations and an trianionic coordination complex. In the anion, cobalt is bound by six nitrito ligands, the overall complex having octahedral molecular geometry. The oxidation state of cobalt is 3+. Its low-spin d configuration confers kinetic stability and diamagnetism. The compound was first described in 1848 by Nikolaus Wolfgang Fischer in Breslau, and it is used as a yellow pigment called Aureolin."
"Lithium cobalt oxide Lithium cobalt oxide, sometimes called lithium cobaltate or lithium cobaltite, is a chemical compound with formula . The cobalt atoms are formally in the +3 oxidation state, hence the IUPAC name lithium cobalt(III) oxide. Lithium cobalt oxide is a dark blue or bluish-gray crystalline solid, and is commonly used in the positive electrodes of lithium-ion batteries. The structure of has been studied with numerous techniques including x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, neutron powder diffraction, and EXAFS. The solid consists of layers of monovalent lithium cations () that lie between extended anionic sheets of cobalt and oxygen atoms, arranged"
"if swallowed, and irritating to eyes and skin. Cobalt(II) carbonate Cobalt(II) carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoCO. This reddish paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the hydrometallurgical purification of cobalt from its ores. It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to catalysts. Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare red/pink mineral spherocobaltite. It is prepared by combining solutions cobaltous sulfate and sodium bicarbonate: CoCO adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of cobalt in an octahedral coordination geometry. Heating the carbonate, proceeds in a typical way for calcining, except that the material is partially oxidized: The resulting"
"Cobaltite Cobaltite is a sulfide mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic, and sulfur, CoAsS. It contains up to 10% iron and variable amounts of nickel. Structurally, it resembles pyrite (FeS) with one of the sulfur atoms replaced by an arsenic atom. Although rare, it is mined as a significant source of the strategically important metal cobalt. Secondary weathering incrustations of erythrite, hydrated cobalt arsenate, are common. The name is from the German, ""Kobold"", ""underground spirit"" in allusion to the ""refusal"" of cobaltiferous ores to smelt as they are expected to. It occurs in high-temperature hydrothermal deposits and contact metamorphic rocks. It"
"Cobalt(II) chloride Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula CoCl. It is usually supplied as the hexahydrate CoCl·6HO, which is one of the most commonly used cobalt compounds in the lab. The dihydrate is purple and hexahydrate is pink, whereas the anhydrous form is sky blue. Because of the ease of the hydration/dehydration reaction, and the resulting color change, cobalt chloride is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. Niche uses of cobalt chloride include its role in organic synthesis and electroplating objects with cobalt metal. Cobalt chloride has been classified as a"
"of a group of coenzymes called cobalamins. vitamin B, the best-known example of the type, is an essential vitamin for all animals. Cobalt in inorganic form is also a micronutrient for bacteria, algae, and fungi. Cobalt is a ferromagnetic metal with a specific gravity of 8.9. The Curie temperature is and the magnetic moment is 1.6–1.7 Bohr magnetons per atom. Cobalt has a relative permeability two-thirds that of iron. Metallic cobalt occurs as two crystallographic structures: hcp and fcc. The ideal transition temperature between the hcp and fcc structures is , but in practice the energy difference between them is"
"Cobalt(II) hydroxide Cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula , consisting of divalent cobalt cations and hydroxide anions . The pure compound, often called the ""beta form"" (β-) is a pink solid insoluble in water. The name is also applied to a related compound, often called ""alpha"" or ""blue"" form (α-), which incorporates other anions in its molecular structure. This compound is blue and rather unstable. Cobalt(II) hydroxide is most used as a drying agent for paints, varnishes, and inks, in the preparation of other cobalt compounds, as a catalyst and in the manufacture of"
"in patch tests (8.4%). Cobalt(II) chloride Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula CoCl. It is usually supplied as the hexahydrate CoCl·6HO, which is one of the most commonly used cobalt compounds in the lab. The dihydrate is purple and hexahydrate is pink, whereas the anhydrous form is sky blue. Because of the ease of the hydration/dehydration reaction, and the resulting color change, cobalt chloride is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. Niche uses of cobalt chloride include its role in organic synthesis and electroplating objects with cobalt metal. Cobalt chloride has"
"with water and oxygen to brown cobalt(III) hydroxide (Co(OH)). At temperatures of 600–700 °C, CoO oxidizes to the blue cobalt(II,III) oxide (CoO), which has a spinel structure. Black cobalt(III) oxide (CoO) is also known. Cobalt oxides are antiferromagnetic at low temperature: CoO (Néel temperature 291 K) and CoO (Néel temperature: 40 K), which is analogous to magnetite (FeO), with a mixture of +2 and +3 oxidation states. The principal chalcogenides of cobalt include the black cobalt(II) sulfides, CoS, which adopts a pyrite-like structure, and cobalt(III) sulfide (CoS). Four dihalides of cobalt(II) are known: cobalt(II) fluoride (CoF, pink), cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl,"
"is used as a blue coloring agent for pottery enamel and glass, as an alternative to cobalt(II) oxide. Cobalt(II,III) oxide is used as an electrode in some lithium-ion batteries, possibly in the form of cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Cobalt compounds are potentially poisonous in large amounts. Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cobalt(II,III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CoO. It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a mixed valence compound, its formula is sometimes written as CoCoO and sometimes as CoO•CoO. CoO adopts the normal spinel structure, with Co ions in tetrahedral interstices"
"Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt Nitrate is the Inorganic compound with the formula Co(NO3)xHO. It is cobalt(II) salt. The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO)·6HO, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO), several hydrates of cobalt(II) nitrate exist. These hydrates have the chemical formula Co(NO)·""n""HO, where ""n"" = 0, 2, 4, 6. Anhydrous cobalt(II) nitrate adopts a three-dimensional polymeric network structure, with each cobalt(II) atom approximately octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms, each from a different nitrate ion. Each nitrate ion coordinates to three cobalts. The"
"Cobalt(II) carbonate Cobalt(II) carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula CoCO. This reddish paramagnetic solid is an intermediate in the hydrometallurgical purification of cobalt from its ores. It is an inorganic pigment, and a precursor to catalysts. Cobalt(II) carbonate also occurs as the rare red/pink mineral spherocobaltite. It is prepared by combining solutions cobaltous sulfate and sodium bicarbonate: CoCO adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of cobalt in an octahedral coordination geometry. Heating the carbonate, proceeds in a typical way for calcining, except that the material is partially oxidized: The resulting CoO converts reversibly to CoO at high temperatures."
"Cobalt blue Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with alumina at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAlO. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue. It is extremely stable and has historically been used as a coloring agent in ceramics (especially Chinese porcelain), jewelry, and paint. Transparent glasses are tinted with the silica-based cobalt pigment smalt. Cobalt blue in impure forms had long been used in Chinese porcelain, but it was independently discovered as a pure alumina-based pigment by Louis Jacques"
"Niobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: ""Niobe"", daughter of ""Tantalus"". Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element tantalum, and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The English chemistCharles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801, and named it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and"
"to tolerate a wide temperature range. Chemically, it bonds to glass via the intermediate oxide layer of nickel(II) oxide and cobalt(II) oxide; the proportion of iron oxide is low due to its reduction with cobalt. The bond strength is highly dependent on the oxide layer thickness and character.[4][6] The presence of cobalt makes the oxide layer easier to melt and dissolve in the molten glass. A grey, grey-blue or grey-brown color indicates a good seal. A metallic color indicates lack of oxide, while black color indicates overly oxidized metal, in both cases leading to a weak joint.[2] The name Kovar"
"(Co). The primary decay mode for isotopes with atomic mass unit values less than that of the most abundant stable isotope, Co, is electron capture and the primary mode of decay in isotopes with atomic mass greater than 59 atomic mass units is beta decay. The primary decay products below Co are element 26 (iron) isotopes; above that the decay products are element 28 (nickel) isotopes. Cobalt compounds have been used for centuries to impart a rich blue color to glass, glazes, and ceramics. Cobalt has been detected in Egyptian sculpture, Persian jewelry from the third millennium BC, in the"
"transition metal dioxygen complex: Cobalt salts are poisonous. Cobalt(II) acetate Cobalt(II) acetate is the cobalt salt of acetate. It is commonly found as the tetrahydrate Co(CHCO)·4 HO, abbreviated Co(OAc)·4 HO. It is used as a catalyst. It may be formed by the reaction between cobalt oxide or hydroxide and acetic acid: The tetrahydrate has been shown by X-ray crystallography to adopt an octahedral structure, the central cobalt centre being coordinated by four water molecules and two acetate ligands. Cobalt acetate is a precursor to various oil drying agents, catalysts that allow paints and varnishes to harden. Cobalt(II) acetate reacts with"
"state. Common indicators are cobalt(II) chloride and methyl violet. Cobalt (II) chloride is deep blue when dry and pink when wet, but it is toxic and carcinogenic, and was reclassified by the European Union in July 2000 as a toxic material. Methyl violet can be formulated to change from orange to green, or orange to colorless. It is also toxic and potentially carcinogenic, but is safe enough to have medicinal uses. Silica gel is non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-reactive and stable with ordinary usage. It will react with hydrogen fluoride, fluorine, oxygen difluoride, chlorine trifluoride, strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizers."
"Antimony Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from ) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (SbS). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name, kohl. Metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery. The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. For some time, China has been the largest producer of antimony and its"
"Sodium cobaltinitrite Sodium cobaltinitrite is a coordination compound with the formula NaCo(NO). The anion of this yellow-coloured salt consists of a cobalt(III) center ""N""-bonded to six nitrito ligands. It is a reagent for the qualitative test for potassium and ammonium ions. The compound is prepared by oxidation of cobalt(II) salts in the presence of sodium nitrite: Although the sodium cobaltinitrite is soluble in water, it forms the basis of a quantitative determination of potassium, thallium, and ammonium ions. Under the recommended reaction conditions the insoluble double salt, KNa[Co(NO)]·HO is precipitated and weighed. In geochemical analysis, sodium cobaltinitrite is used to"
"Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt(II) oxide or cobalt monoxide is an inorganic compound that appears as olive-green to red crystals, or as a greyish or black powder. It is used extensively in the ceramics industry as an additive to create blue colored glazes and enamels as well as in the chemical industry for producing cobalt(II) salts. CoO crystals adopt the periclase (rock salt) structure with a lattice constant of 4.2615 Å. It is antiferromagnetic below 16 °C. Cobalt(II,III) oxide decomposes to cobalt(II) oxide at 950 °C: Though commercially available, cobalt(II) oxide may be prepared in the laboratory by electrolyzing a solution of"
"has the lowest energy density of any isotope of any element, meaning that it is the most massive element that can be produced in supergiant stars. Iron also has some applications in the human body; hemoglobin is partly iron. Cobalt (Co) is an element in period 4, between iron and nickel. Cobalt is commonly used in pigments, as many compounds of cobalt are blue in color. Cobalt is also a core component of many magnetic and high-strength alloys. The only stable isotope, cobalt-59, is an important component of vitamin B-12, while cobalt-60 is a component of nuclear fallout and can"
"cobaltinitrite, , which is used as artist's pigment under the name of Aureolin or Cobalt Yellow. The stable isotopes of potassium can be laser cooled and used to probe fundamental and technological problems in quantum physics. The two bosonic isotopes possess convenient Feshbach resonances to enable studies requiring tunable interactions, while K is one of only two stable fermions amongst the alkali metals. An alloy of sodium and potassium, NaK is a liquid used as a heat-transfer medium and a desiccant for producing dry and air-free solvents. It can also be used in reactive distillation. The ternary alloy of 12%"
"ethical supply chain have faced shortages of this raw material and the price of cobalt metal reached a nine-year high in October 2017, more than US$30 a pound, versus US$10 in late 2015. Several cobalt compounds are oxidation catalysts. Cobalt acetate is used to convert xylene to terephthalic acid, the precursor of the bulk polymer polyethylene terephthalate. Typical catalysts are the cobalt carboxylates (known as cobalt soaps). They are also used in paints, varnishes, and inks as ""drying agents"" through the oxidation of drying oils. The same carboxylates are used to improve the adhesion between steel and rubber in steel-belted"
"or one of its oxides, hydroxides, or carbonate with nitric acid: Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt Nitrate is the Inorganic compound with the formula Co(NO3)xHO. It is cobalt(II) salt. The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO)·6HO, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO), several hydrates of cobalt(II) nitrate exist. These hydrates have the chemical formula Co(NO)·""n""HO, where ""n"" = 0, 2, 4, 6. Anhydrous cobalt(II) nitrate adopts a three-dimensional polymeric network structure, with each cobalt(II) atom approximately octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms, each from a"
"niobates show a median lethal dose (LD) between 10 and 100 mg/kg. For oral administration the toxicity is lower; a study with rats yielded a LD after seven days of 940 mg/kg. Niobium Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore and columbite, hence the former name ""columbium"". Its name comes from Greek mythology, specifically Niobe, who was the daughter of Tantalus, the namesake of tantalum. The name reflects the great similarity between the two"
"Carbon Carbon (from ""coal"") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique"
"Niobium Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal, often found in the minerals pyrochlore and columbite, hence the former name ""columbium"". Its name comes from Greek mythology, specifically Niobe, who was the daughter of Tantalus, the namesake of tantalum. The name reflects the great similarity between the two elements in their physical and chemical properties, making them difficult to distinguish. The English chemist Charles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801 and named it columbium. In 1809,"
"occurs in association with magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, skutterudite, allanite, zoisite, scapolite, titanite, and calcite along with numerous other Co–Ni sulfides and arsenides. It was described as early as 1832. It is found chiefly in Sweden, Norway, Germany, Cornwall, England, Canada, La Cobaltera, Chile, Australia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Morocco. Cobalt can be separated from cobaltite using a technique called flotation-separation. Cobaltite Cobaltite is a sulfide mineral composed of cobalt, arsenic, and sulfur, CoAsS. It contains up to 10% iron and variable amounts of nickel. Structurally, it resembles pyrite (FeS) with one of the sulfur atoms replaced by"