The 1610 book Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger) that contained several sketches of the moon was published by whom?
"promoted it. Finocchiaro also describes as mythical the notion that Galileo ""saw"" the earth's motion, since this direct observation was only possible in the 21st century, and the idea that Galileo was ""imprisoned,"" since he was ""actually held under house arrest."" He notes that the situation was complex and objections to the Copernican system included scientific, philosophical, and theological arguments. The Galileo affair was a sequence of events, beginning around 1610, culminating with the trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei by the Roman Catholic Inquisition in 1633 for his support of heliocentrism. In 1610, Galileo published his ""Sidereus Nuncius (Starry"
"and as items of trade. He published his initial telescopic astronomical observations in March 1610 in a brief treatise entitled ""Sidereus Nuncius"" (""Starry Messenger""). In the modern day, visible-light astronomy is still practiced by many amateur astronomers, especially since telescopes are much more widely available for the public, as compared to when they were first being invented. Government agencies, such as NASA, are very involved in the modern day research and observation of visible objects and celestial bodies. In the modern day, the highest quality pictures and data are obtained via space telescopes; telescopes that are outside of the Earth's"
"In addition, he named his discovered four moons of Jupiter the ""Medicean Stars,"" in honor of the four royal Medici brothers. This helped him receive the position of Chief Mathematician and Philosopher to the Medici at the University of Pisa. Ultimately, his effort at naming the moons failed, for they are now referred to as the ""Galilean moons"". The reactions to ""Sidereus Nuncius"", ranging from appraisal and hostility to disbelief, soon spread throughout Italy and England. Many poems and texts were published expressing love for the new form of astronomical science. Three works of art were even created in response"
"of Kepler, in part to bolster the credibility of his observations. Kepler responded enthusiastically with a short published reply, ""Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo"" [Conversation with the Starry Messenger]. He endorsed Galileo's observations and offered a range of speculations about the meaning and implications of Galileo's discoveries and telescopic methods, for astronomy and optics as well as cosmology and astrology. Later that year, Kepler published his own telescopic observations of the moons in ""Narratio de Jovis Satellitibus"", providing further support of Galileo. To Kepler's disappointment, however, Galileo never published his reactions (if any) to ""Astronomia Nova"". After hearing of Galileo's telescopic"
"Andreas Cellarius Andreas Cellarius (c. 1596, Neuhausen, – 1665, Hoorn) was a Dutch-German cartographer, best known for his ""Harmonia Macrocosmica"" of 1660, a major star atlas, published by Johannes Janssonius in Amsterdam. He was born in Neuhausen (now a part of Worms), and was educated in Heidelberg. The Protestant Cellarius may have left Heidelberg at the onset of the Thirty Years' War in 1618 or in 1622 when the city came in Catholic hands. His activities are unclear at this time but based on his later works it is conjectured he spent time in Poland and may have even worked"
"May 1527 is based on this inscription. The lunar crater Stadius is named after Stadius. Johannes Stadius Johannes Stadius or Estadius (Dutch: ""Jan Van Ostaeyen""; French: ""Jean Stade"") (ca. 1 May 1527 – 17 June 1579), was a Flemish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He was one of the important late 16th-century makers of ephemerides, which gave the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times. Born ""Jan Van Ostaeyen"" in the town of Loenhout (""Loennouthesius"", meaning 'from Loenhout', is sometimes appended to his Latin surname) in the Duchy"
"became leading physician in Groningen, in 1608 he took the position as school master of the Leeuwarden gymnasium. From 1614 he was professor in medicine and mathematics at the Groningen University. From 1619 – 1621 and 1626 – 1630, he was in charge of the library of the University of Groningen. In 1616, Nicolaus Mulerius published a textbook on astronomy reminiscent of the ""Sphere"" by Johannes de Sacrobosco. Also in 1616, he published the third, updated and annotated edition of Nicolaus Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. An account of the life of Ubbo Emmius, written by Nicolaus Mulerius, was published,"
"Galileo became a member. Galileo's championing of Copernicanism was controversial within his lifetime, when a large majority of philosophers and astronomers still subscribed to the geocentric view. Galileo gained wide support for his theories outside the universities by writing in Italian, rather than academic Latin. In response, the Aristotelian professors of the universities formed a united effort to convince the Church to ban Copernicanism. Initially a beneficiary of church patronage of astronomy, Galileo rose to prominence with the publication of ""Sidereus Nuncius"", which comprised astronomical observations made possible by the 1608 invention of the telescope. He was feted in Rome,"
"Astronomica (Manilius) The Astronomica ( or ]), also known as the Astronomicon, is a Latin didactic poem about celestial phenomena, written in hexameters and divided into five books. The ""Astronomica"" was penned c. AD 1020 by a Roman poet whose name was likely Marcus Manilius; little is known of Manilius, and although there is evidence that the ""Astronomica"" was probably read by many other Roman writers, no surviving works explicitly quote him. The earliest work on astrology that is extensive, comprehensible, and mostly intact, the ""Astronomica"" describes celestial phenomena, and, in particular, the zodiac and astrology. The poemwhich seems to"
"the heavens at different climes, and ""On Days and Nights"", a study of the apparent motion of the Sun. Born in Tripolis, in Bithynia. Bithynia is a place located in Turkey along the northwestern coast of the Aegean. Theodosius is cited by Vitruvius as having invented a sundial suitable for any place on Earth.[1] His Sphaerics provided the mathematics for spherical astronomy, and may have been based on a work by Eudoxus of Cnidus. Francesco Maurolico translated his works in the 16th century. It contains about 60 propositions in total and many definitions. In addition to the Sphaerics, two other"
"of the Inquisition, the Congregation of the Index placed Copernicus' ""De Revolutionibus"" on the Index. ""Letters on Sunspots"" was however not banned or required to undergo corrections. This meant that while Catholic scholars could no longer discuss heliocentrism, they could discuss the nature and origin of sunspots freely. In 1611, before the ""Letters on Sunspots"" appeared, Francesco Sizzi had published ""Dianoia Astronomica"", attacking the ideas of Galileo's earlier work, ""Siderius Nuncius"". In 1612 he went to Paris and devoted himself to the study of sunspots. In 1613 he wrote to Galileo's friend Orazio Morandi, confirming that his circle of colleagues"
"Theodosius of Bithynia Theodosius of Bithynia (; c. 160 BC – c. 100 BC) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician who wrote the ""Sphaerics"", a book on the geometry of the sphere. Born in Tripolis, in Bithynia, Theodosius is cited by Vitruvius as having invented a sundial suitable for any place on Earth. His ""Sphaerics"" provided the mathematics for spherical astronomy, and may have been based on a work by Eudoxus of Cnidus. Francesco Maurolico translated his works in the 16th century. In addition to the ""Sphaerics"", two other works by Theodosius have survived: ""On Habitations"", describing the appearances of"
"astronomer Christiaan Huygens attended the coronation, during which he heard about the Horrocks's manuscript, found in 1659 by John Worthington (Master of Jesus College, Cambridge and alumnus of Emmanuel College, where he was a contemporary of Horrocks), together with some fragments of correspondence with Crabtree. Huygens knew the eminent Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius, and gave him the manuscript copy. Hevelius appended it to his report on the Mercury transit, ""Mercurius in sole visus Gedani"", published in 1662. The publication of ""Venus in Sole Visa"" by Hevelius caused great consternation at the newly founded Royal Society when it was realised that"
"Rome, were able to observe Io and the other Medicean Stars during fall and winter of 1610–1611. In his book ""Mundus Iovialis"" (""The World of Jupiter""), published in 1614, Simon Marius, the court astronomer to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach, claimed to have discovered Io and the other moons of Jupiter in 1609, one week before Galileo's discovery. According to Marius, he began observing the Jupiter system in late November 1609. He continued to observe the moons of Jupiter through December 1609, but did not record his observations until December 29, 1609 when he came to the conclusion ""that these stars"
"bishop of Chester. Wilkins refers to Godwin once, in a discussion of spots in the Moon, but not to Godwin's book. In the third edition of ""The Discovery"" (1640), however, Wilkins provides a summary of Godwin's book, and later in ""Mercury"" (1641) he comments on ""The Man in the Moone"" and ""Nuncius Inanimatus"", saying that ""the former text could be used to unlock the secrets of the latter"". ""The Man in the Moone"" quickly became an international ""source of humour and parody"": Cyrano de Bergerac, using Baudoin's 1648 translation, parodied it in ""L'Autre Monde: où les États et Empires de"
"most extensive surviving text of Roman astrology, ""Matheseos libri octo"" (""Eight books of astrology"") written ""c."" 334-37), of which manuscripts further identify him as ""Iunior"" and ""Siculus"", ""of Sicily."" The lunar crater Firmicus was named in his honour. The ""Matheseos"" was dedicated to the governor of Campania, Lollianus Mavortius, whose knowledge of the subject inspired Firmicus, and whose encouragement supported him during the composition of this handbook. It is among the last extensive handbooks of a ""scientific"" astrology that circulated in the West before the appearance of Arabic texts in the 12th century. Augustine of Hippo, drawn to astrology in"
"The Man in the Moone The Man in the Moone is a book by the English divine and Church of England bishop Francis Godwin (1562–1633), describing a ""voyage of utopian discovery"". Long considered to be one of his early works, it is now generally thought to have been written in the late 1620s. It was first published posthumously in 1638 under the pseudonym of Domingo Gonsales. The work is notable for its role in what was called the ""new astronomy"", the branch of astronomy influenced especially by Nicolaus Copernicus. Although Copernicus is the only astronomer mentioned by name, the book"
"Sidera Lodoicea Sidera Lodoicea is the name given by the astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini to the four moons of Saturn discovered by him in the years 1671, 1672, and 1684 and published in his ""Découverte de deux nouvelles planètes autour de Saturne"" in 1673 and in the ""Journal des sçavans"" in 1686. These satellites are today known by the following names, given in 1847: The name ""Sidera Lodoicea"" means ""Louisian Stars"", from Latin ""sidus"" ""star"" and ""Lodoiceus"", a nonce adjective coined from ""Lodoicus"", one of several Latin forms of the French name ""Louis"" (reflecting an older form, ""Lodhuwig""). Cassini intended"
"in sole visa"" (""Venus seen on the Sun""), was later published by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius at his own expense; it caused great excitement when revealed to members of the Royal Society in 1662, some 20 years after it was written. It presented Horrocks' enthusiastic and romantic nature, including humorous comments and passages of original poetry. When speaking of the century separating Venusian transits, he rhapsodised: It was a time of great uncertainty in astronomy, when the world's astronomers could not agree amongst themselves and theologians fulminated against claims that contradicted Scripture. Horrocks, although a pious young man, came"
"Johannes Stadius Johannes Stadius or Estadius (Dutch: ""Jan Van Ostaeyen""; French: ""Jean Stade"") (ca. 1 May 1527 – 17 June 1579), was a Flemish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He was one of the important late 16th-century makers of ephemerides, which gave the positions of naturally occurring astronomical objects as well as artificial satellites in the sky at a given time or times. Born ""Jan Van Ostaeyen"" in the town of Loenhout (""Loennouthesius"", meaning 'from Loenhout', is sometimes appended to his Latin surname) in the Duchy of Brabant, Stadius grew up in the ""Schaliënhuis"" on the old Dorpsstraat, which was one"
"De Stella Nova De Stella Nova in Pede Serpentarii (On the New Star in the Foot of the Serpent Handler), generally known as De Stella Nova was a book written by Johannes Kepler between 1605 and 1606, when the book was published in Prague. Kepler wrote the book following the appearance of the supernova SN 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova. This star appeared in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Greek (Ὀφιοῦχος Ophioukhos) ""serpent-bearer"" which is also known in Latin as Serpentarii. The SN 1604 supernova was observable for almost a year, from October 1604 to October 1605. Observation conditions were"
"which dealt with medicine and pharmacology, such as his ""Syruporum universia ratio"" (""Complete Explanation of the Syrups""), for which he gained fame. After an interval, Servetus returned to Paris to study medicine in 1536. In Paris, his teachers included Sylvius, Fernel and Johann Winter von Andernach, who hailed him with Andrea Vesalius as his most able assistant in dissections. During these years he wrote his ""Manuscript of the Complutense"", an unpublished compendium of his medical ideas. Servetus taught mathematics and astrology while he studied medicine. He predicted an occultation of Mars by the Moon, and this joined to his teaching"
"the greatest painter of the age – painted a last fresco in the dome of the Pauline chapel of the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, depicting the Madonna standing upon a pock-marked lunar orb. This is the first extant example of Galileo's discoveries about the physical nature of the moon (as he himself drew it in Sidereus Nuncius) having penetrated the visual arts practice of his day. Until this image, the moon in pictures of the Virgin had always been mythical and smooth, perfectly spherical as described by Platonic & Ptolemaic tradition. His pupils include Cristofano Allori (1577–1621),"
"obscure and was eclipsed (so to speak) by the independent discoveries of and publications about sunspots by Christoph Scheiner in January 1612 and Galileo Galilei in March 1612. Besides these two discoveries, little else is known about David Fabricius except his unusual manner of death, which occurred at Osteel: after denouncing a local goose thief from the pulpit, the accused man struck him in the head with a shovel and killed him. Copies of a map he made of Frisia in 1589 are also still extant. He is also name-checked in Jules Verne's ""From the Earth to the Moon"" as"
"concepts and complex mathematical computations into poetry. Because no contemporary Roman sources mention his name, the exact identity of the ""Astronomica""s author is a tantalizing question, but his name was probably Marcus Manilius. This uncertainty has led to Marcus Manilius being confused over the years with Manilius Antiochus (fl.c.100BC, mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his ""Naturalis Historia""); Flavius Manlius Theodorus (fl.c.AD376409, a consul in AD399) and Boëthius (the sixth-century Roman senator and author of ""De consolatione philosophiae"", whose full name was Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius). Although the poem suggests that the writer was a citizen and resident of Rome,"
"document can be found in the library under the title ""Fondo Vittorio Emanuele 307"". A postscript by Carthusian librarians states that the book had been presented by one Brother Beroaldus to cardinal Maffeo Barberini, who would later become Pope Urban VIII (1623–1644). A further covering note suggests that the images were by the French seer Nostradamus (1503–1566), and had been sent to Rome by his son César de Nostredame as a gift. There is, however, absolutely no contemporary evidence that Nostradamus himself was either a painter or the author of the work, whose contents in fact date from several centuries"
"of the Sun and the Moon, the Sunrise and Sunset, the Lunar Phase and the Planetary Configurations, the Solar and Lunar Eclipses and the Probable Weather Conditions)"". It is presented in the form of diary. Extant copies or references of ""Schreibkalender"" can be found for the years of 1624, 1625 ,1626, 1627, 1629, 1630, 1631, 1638, 1641, 1650. Apart from the first observation of the Mercury transit, relatively little is known of Remus Quietanus, a privileged witness of the Copernican revolution. But he is not a passive observer. In his correspondence with Kepler, he took part in astronomical debate and"
"was marked by disputes concerning tithes with the abbot of Vlierbeek and the provost of the Church of St. Denis (Liège), and by the keeping of an unusually meticulous parish register. It was while at Geetbets that he published ""Loxias seu de obliquitate solis"" (Antwerp, Hieronymus Verdussen, 1626), a critical overview of ancient and medieval astronomy. Around 1630 he measured the distance between the Earth and the Sun using the method of Aristarchus of Samos. The value he calculated was 60% of the true value (243 times the distance to the Moon; the true value is about 384 times; Aristarchus"
"using the same portrait of Lipsius that was engraved by Zangrius in 1601. Zangrius had also some Parisian connections. The Parisian Book Society knew several representatives of a number of leading engravers originating from the Netherlands, for instance, the famous Jodocus Badius (1462–1535) from Asse, and the not-so-famous Johannes Lodoicus Tiletanus (1566–1581) from Tielt. He started off as a corrector at Badius, married the sister-in-law of Badius' daughter Madeleine and became an uncle to Petrus Zangrius. In 1711, Filippo Bonanni published another hatching system, which has distict hatching for the tincture Argent and the color white. His marking of the"
"Simon Marius Simon Marius (Latinized from German ""Simon Mayr""; January 20, 1573 – January 5, 1625) was a German astronomer. He was born in Gunzenhausen, near Nuremberg, but he spent most of his life in the city of Ansbach. In 1614 Marius published his work ""Mundus Iovialis"" describing the planet Jupiter and its moons. Here he claimed to have discovered the planet's four major moons some days before Galileo Galilei. This led to a dispute with Galileo, who in Il Saggiatore in 1623 accused Marius of plagiarism. However, a jury in The Netherlands in 1903 examined the evidence extensively and"
"1624: ""Cryptomenytices et Cryptographiae libri IX"" (Gustavi Seleni). The pseudonym itself is a cryptic reference to his name, Gustavus anagrams (with U=V) to Augustus, the surname is a play on the Greek goddess of the moon (Selene). The book on cryptography is largely based on earlier works by Johannes Trithemius. The duke employed the scholar Justus Georg Schottel as tutor of his sons; he also kept an active correspondence with Johannes Valentinus Andreae, a founder of the esoteric Rosicrucianism movement. In 1632 he met with Prince Louis I of Anhalt-Köthen and joined his Fruitbearing Society. Augustus died at Wolfenbüttel and"
"were sufficiently precise and extended over a year, allowing the supernova’s light curve to be reconstructed. De Stella Nova De Stella Nova in Pede Serpentarii (On the New Star in the Foot of the Serpent Handler), generally known as De Stella Nova was a book written by Johannes Kepler between 1605 and 1606, when the book was published in Prague. Kepler wrote the book following the appearance of the supernova SN 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova. This star appeared in the constellation Ophiuchus, the Greek (Ὀφιοῦχος Ophioukhos) ""serpent-bearer"" which is also known in Latin as Serpentarii. The SN 1604"
"Saggiatore"" in 1623, Galileo had not published any further work, and had particularly avoided the controversy around the ideas of Copernicus, about which he had been warned by Cardinal Bellarmine in 1616. In 1630 Giovanni Ciampoli, the Pope’s secretary, wrote to Galileo, sending the compliments of Riccardi, recently appointed Master of the Sacred Palace, who now had authority over licensing books for printing. As Riccardi had endorsed ""Il Saggiatore"" for publication a few years previously, this seemed a positive sign that new opportunities to publish his ideas would become available to Galileo. Benedetto Castelli informed Riccardi that it was his"