From which language does the word 'ghetto' originate?
"were opened at dawn and closed every night, one hour after sunset between November and Easter, and two hours at other times. The area contained hardly any noteworthy buildings. The only important square — Piazza Giudea — was divided in two parts by the wall. All the churches which stood in the ghetto were deconsecrated and demolished soon after its construction. In common with many other Italian ghettoes, the ghetto of Rome was not initially so called, but was variously referred to in documents as or , both meaning ""enclosure of the Hebrews"". Various forms of the word ""ghetto"" came"
"each with their own names, classifications, and groupings of people. The word ""ghetto"" comes from the Jewish area of Venice, the Venetian Ghetto in Cannaregio, traced to a special use of Venetian ""getto"", or ""foundry"" (there was one near the site of that city's ghetto in 1516). By 1899 the term had been extended to crowded urban quarters of other minority groups. The etymology of the word is uncertain, as there is no agreement among etymologists about the origins of the Venetian language term. Theories include that it comes from the above-mentioned Venetian ghèto (foundry); from Hebrew ""get"" (""bill of"
"Ghetto A ghetto () is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, typically as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure. The term may have originally been used in Venice to describe the part of the city to which Jews were restricted and segregated. However, early societies may have formed their own versions of the same structure; words resembling ""ghetto"" appear in the Hebrew, Yiddish, Italian, Germanic, Old French, and Latin languages. Ghettos in many cities have also been nicknamed ""the hood"", colloquial slang for neighborhood. Versions of ghettos appear across the world,"
"from ""getto"" into ""ghetto"", creating the word still used today to indicate various places of emargination. The ""ghetto"" was closed from 6 p.m. every night to 12 p.m. the next day. The boats of the Christian guards scoured the surrounding canals to impede nocturnal violations. This is how Europe's first ghetto was born. Known as ""Scole"", the synagogues of the Venetian ghetto were constructed between the early-16th and mid-17th centuries. (The word ""scole""(σχολη) can be compared with the Yiddish ""shul"",the German Schule, the Italian """", or the English ""school"".) Each represented a different ethnic group that had settled here stably"
"from the city. In the 19th century, the ghetto was renamed the ""Contrada dell'unione"". The origins of the name ""ghetto"" (""ghèto"" in the Venetian tongue) are disputed. The following theories have been proposed: The Oxford University Press etymologist Anatoly Liberman suggested in 2009 that all four theories are speculative, but the first is by far the likeliest to be true. The Ghetto is an area of the Cannaregio sestiere of Venice, divided into the ""Ghetto Nuovo"" (""New Ghetto""), and the adjacent ""Ghetto Vecchio"" (""Old Ghetto""). These names of the ghetto sections are misleading, as they refer to an older and"
"to cast off and ‘borghetto’ meaning small neighborhood. It was first used in 1611 to describe the gated off neighborhood where Jews were forced to live in in Venice, Italy. It became popular in the 1930s when Nazis set up ghettos for Jewish confinement. A question is asked about the Jewish ghetto and all ghettos across the world being related to the African American ghetto being related. The response stated that the two are related because they both experienced “social isolation, normalized terror by authorities, and state-sponsored racism” (36). When asked about the roots of the African American ghetto, the"
"definition of the word ""ghetto"": a socioeconomically homogeneous area. There is a movement against this nomenclature because it suggests that the area is completely inhabited by students, while in reality it is a historically significant district that is home to many families, working professionals and long-term residents. Montreal's historic Jewish ""Ghetto"" coincides in part with the present student Ghetto, meeting at the intersection of Duluth and Saint Laurent. The area has many small businesses catering to the needs of the local McGill community including The Word Bookstore, Café Lola Rosa, and several small convenience stores, as well as many ""third"
"Venetian Ghetto The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jews were compelled to live by the government of the Venetian Republic. The English word ""ghetto"" is derived from the Jewish ghetto in Venice. The Venetian Ghetto was instituted on 29 March 1516 and is the oldest Jewish ghetto in the world. It was not the first time that Jews in Venice were compelled to live in a segregated area of the city. In 1797 the French army of Italy, commanded by the 28-year-old General Napoleon Bonaparte, conquered Venice, dissolved the Venetian republic, and ended the ghetto's separation"
"Cortiço Cortiço (, , ), or gueto (Portuguese language for ""beehive"" and ""ghetto"" respectively; tenements), is a common Portuguese term used in Brazil and Portugal for an area of concentrated, high density urban housing where people live with poor sanitation and hygiene conditions. Cortiço houses are typically divided into small rooms that are rented. Cortiços exist in large cities such as São Paulo, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and Recife. They originated in São Paulo, Brazil, during the late 1700s, and continue to exist in contemporary times in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Less common today, most cortiços are old"
"differences in resources across similar neighborhoods has more to do with dynamics outside of the neighborhood. To a large extent the problem with the 'ghetto' and 'underclass' concepts stem from the reliance on case studies (in particular case studies from Chicago), which limit social scientist understandings of socially disadvantaged neighborhoods. Recently the word ""ghetto"" has been used in slang as an adjective rather than a noun. It is used to indicate an object's relation to the inner city or black culture, and also more broadly to denote something that is shabby or of low quality. While ""ghetto"" as an adjective"
"a geographical area with generally recognized boundaries, inhabited or frequented by a large number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. Unlike other ghettos, gay villages can be created by the LGBT community as an act of self-protection or even gentrification. Gay villages often contain a number of gay-oriented establishments, such as gay bars and pubs, nightclubs, bathhouses, restaurants, boutiques and bookstores. Ghetto A ghetto () is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, typically as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure. The term may have originally been used in Venice"
"of the term ""ghetto"" to signify a poor, culturally or racially homogenous urban area, those living in the area often used it to signify something positive. The black ghettos did not always contain dilapidated houses and deteriorating projects, nor were all of its residents poverty-stricken. For many African-Americans, the ghetto was ""home"": a place representing authentic blackness and a feeling, passion, or emotion derived from rising above the struggle and suffering of being black in America. Langston Hughes relays in the ""Negro Ghetto"" (1931) and ""The Heart of Harlem"" (1945): ""The buildings in Harlem are brick and stone/And the streets"
"Fort Green [Brooklyn] projects on welfare until he was thirteen; he says that that was a lie and he did it for publicity because he understood that rapping about stereotypes was the way that people would buy his music. This is how chapter two ends. Chapter 3: What's Really Hood? A Conversation with the African American Ghetto This chapter is written unconventionally in the style of a conversational interview between M.K. Asante and the African American ghetto. The beginning questions of the interview asks about the origins of the word ghetto. The word derives from two Italian words: ‘getto’ meaning"
"Nazi ghettos Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the regime of Nazi Germany set up ghettos across occupied Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation. In German documents, and signage at ghetto entrances, the Nazis usually referred to them as ""Jüdischer Wohnbezirk"" or ""Wohngebiet der Juden"", both of which translate as the Jewish Quarter. There were several distinct types including ""open ghettos"", ""closed ghettos"", ""work"", ""transit"", and ""destruction ghettos"", as defined by the Holocaust historians. In a number of cases, they"
"parking lots. They built shelters out of whatever materials they could find at the time. These congregations of shelters were also called ""ghettos"". A commonly used definition of a ghetto is a community distinguished by a homogeneous race or ethnicity. Additionally, a key feature that developed throughout the postindustrial era and continues to symbolize the demographics of American ghettos is the prevalence of poverty. Poverty constitutes the separation of ghettos from other, suburbanized or private neighborhoods. The high percentage of poverty partly justifies the difficulty of out-migration, which tends to reproduce constraining social opportunities and inequalities in society. Urban areas"
"process does not always work out to the benefit of these communities, as they often see property values rise so high that they can no longer afford them as high-rise condominiums are built and bars move out, or the only LGBT establishments that remain are those catering to a more upscale clientele. However, today's manifestations of ""queer ghettos"" bear little resemblance to those of the 1970s. The term ""ghetto"" originally referred to those places in European cities where Jews were required to live according to local law. During the 20th century, ""ghetto"" came to be used to describe the areas"
"origins from goth scenes of other goth subcultural centres, such as the UK or Germany. Originally known as the ""freaks"", the term ""goth"" appeared only after 1988, when it was applied to the pre-existent subculture. Distinctive features included internationally recognized gothic and vampiric fashion store 'Siren', a goth-industrial bar named 'Sanctuary: The Vampire Sex Bar', and ""Forever Knight"", a television series about an 800-year-old vampire living in Toronto. In Toronto, the goths did not seek to reject mainstream status, and achieved partial acceptance throughout the mid to late 1990s, and in 1998 Toronto was reported to have a higher concentration"
"are long and wide,/But Harlem's much more than these alone,/Harlem is what's inside."" Playwright August Wilson used the term ""ghetto"" in ""Ma Rainey's Black Bottom"" (1984) and ""Fences"" (1987), both of which draw upon the author's experience growing up in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, a black ghetto. The concept of 'the ghetto' and 'underclass' has faced criticism both theoretically and empirically. Research has shown significant differences in resources for neighborhoods with similar populations both across cities and over time. This includes differences in the resources of neighborhoods with predominantly low income or racial minority populations. The cause of these"
"outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is ""Di yiddishe gas"" ( ), or ""The Jewish street"". Many European and Middle Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter. Jewish ghettos in Europe existed because Jews were viewed as alien. As a result, Jews were placed under strict regulations throughout many European cities. The character of ghettos has varied through times. In some cases, the ghetto was a Jewish quarter with a relatively affluent population (for instance the Jewish ghetto in Venice). In other cases, ghettos were places of"
"from a Gothic word ""gait"" or ""gata"", meaning ""goat""; as the bag of a gaita is made from a whole, case-skinned goat hide. Gothic was spoken in Hispania from the fifth century to the eighth century when the country was ruled by the Visigoths. The Visigoths originated in north-eastern Europe. The Galician gaita has a conical chanter and a bass drone (""ronco"") with a second octave. It may have one or two additional drones playing the tonic and dominant notes. Three keys are traditional: D (""gaita grileira"", lit. ""cricket bagpipe""), C (""gaita redonda""), and Bb (""gaita tumbal""). Galician pipe bands"
"Ghetto tax A ghetto tax is a term used to describe how people with low incomes pay higher prices for goods and services, particularly those living in poverty-stricken areas. A ghetto tax is not literally a tax. It is a situation in which people pay higher costs for equivalent goods or services simply because they are poor or live in a poor area. A paper by the Brookings Institution, titled ""From Poverty, Opportunity: Putting the Market to Work for Lower Income Families"", is widely cited as a study into ghetto taxes, although the report itself does not use the term."
"Rural ghetto The term rural ghetto describes the influx of poverty and neglect in the small towns of Midwestern, Southeastern United States and Northeastern United States. According to an April 1993 review of the book by Fred Magdoff, rural ghettos are often ""omitted from most people's conception of poverty."" Generally, ""rural poverty is less visually dramatic than urban poverty--poorly insulated mobile homes and weather-beaten single family houses look almost quaint compared to urban tenements."" Magdoff goes on to point out the reality of poverty in rural areas does not fit a common conception of idyllic farms. Some of the trends"
"struggle and suffering of being black in America. Langston Hughes relays in the ""Negro Ghetto"" (1931) and ""The Heart of Harlem"" (1945): ""The buildings in Harlem are brick and stone/And the streets are long and wide,/But Harlem’s much more than these alone,/Harlem is what’s inside."" Playwright August Wilson used the term ""ghetto"" in Ma Rainey’s ""Black Bottom"" (1984) and ""Fences"" (1987), both of which draw upon the author’s experience growing up in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, first a neighborhood of early European immigrants, then a black ghetto. Depending on the context and social circles, the term 'ghetto' or 'hood"
"in 1888 and the ghetto was almost completely demolished. On the resulting area the new Synagogue of Rome and apartment buildings were erected. The Roman Ghetto was the last remaining ghetto in Western Europe until ghettos were reintroduced by Nazi Germany in the 1930s. Due to the three hundred plus years of isolation from the rest of the city, the Jews of the Roman Ghetto developed their own dialect, known as Giudeo-romanesco, which differs from the dialect of the rest of the city in its preservation of 16th-century dialectical forms and its liberal use of romanized Hebrew words. Today, the"
"ghetto into the woods, where they were forced to dig a large pit. They were shot and buried at the same location. Many of the Jews that escaped into the woods were caught and delivered to the Germans by the local Ukrainians, who aided the SS in the process of ""ethnic cleansing"" known as the Holocaust by bullets. In 1943, during the Volhynian Genocide, 96 ethnic Poles of Berezne were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The first attack on the town took place in June 1943. Other attacks occurred in the second half of that year,"
"black neighborhoods in the United States have been called ""the ghetto"" or ""the projects."" The use of this term is controversial and, depending on the context, potentially offensive. Despite mainstream America’s use of the term ""ghetto"" to signify a poor urban area (predominantly African-Americans), those living in the area often used it to signify something positive. The black ghettos did not always contain dilapidated houses and deteriorating projects, nor were all of its residents poverty-stricken. For many African Americans, the ghetto was ""home"", a place representing authentic blackness and a feeling, passion, or emotion derived from the rising above the"
"as ""rural ghettos."" Often these areas are isolated geographically from main economic centers. Rural ghetto The term rural ghetto describes the influx of poverty and neglect in the small towns of Midwestern, Southeastern United States and Northeastern United States. According to an April 1993 review of the book by Fred Magdoff, rural ghettos are often ""omitted from most people's conception of poverty."" Generally, ""rural poverty is less visually dramatic than urban poverty--poorly insulated mobile homes and weather-beaten single family houses look almost quaint compared to urban tenements."" Magdoff goes on to point out the reality of poverty in rural areas"
"Ghetto fabulous Ghetto fabulous is a lifestyle expression believed to have originated among African Americans living in poor urban areas. Ghetto fabulous is a fashion stereotype alluding to individuals living in an affluent materialistic style while not always having any luxurious possessions or wealth. As a comedic device, it often dramatizes and draws attention to life in the ghetto. For example, in the motion picture ""B*A*P*S"" (or Black American Princesses), the protagonists pretend to belong to an upper-economic class, but in reality they live a lifestyle that is full of superficial glamour. Ghetto fabulous style has moved into the mainstream"
"Ghetto fabulous Ghetto fabulous is a lifestyle expression believed to have originated among African Americans living in poor urban areas. Ghetto fabulous is a fashion stereotype alluding to individuals living in an affluent materialistic style while not always having any luxurious possessions or wealth. As a comedic device, it often dramatizes and draws attention to life in the ghetto. For example, in the motion picture ""B*A*P*S"" (or Black American Princesses), the protagonists pretend to belong to an upper-economic class, but in reality they live a lifestyle that is full of superficial glamour. Ghetto fabulous style has moved into the mainstream"
"liquidate all ghettos and transfer remaining Jewish inhabitants to concentration camps. A few ghettos were re-designated as concentration camps and existed until 1944. Nazi ghettos Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the regime of Nazi Germany set up ghettos across occupied Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation. In German documents, and signage at ghetto entrances, the Nazis usually referred to them as ""Jüdischer Wohnbezirk"" or ""Wohngebiet der Juden"", both of which translate as the Jewish Quarter. There were several distinct"
"the common prefix po- and the verb ""gromit""' (громи́ть, ) meaning ""to destroy, to wreak havoc, to demolish violently"". Its literal translation is ""to harm"". The noun ""pogrom"", which has a relatively short history, is used in English and many other languages as a loanword, possibly borrowed from Yiddish (where the word takes the form פאָגראָם). Its widespread circulation in today's world began with the antisemitic excesses in the Russian Empire in 1881–1883. Anti-Jewish riots had already taken place in Europe during the Middle Ages. Jewish communities were targeted in the Black Death Jewish persecutions of 1348–1350, in Toulon in"
"of Southern Europe, a Byzantine-rite diocese under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. There is also a historic Jewish community in Venice. The Venetian Ghetto was the area in which Jews were compelled to live under the Venetian Republic. The word ""ghetto"", originally Venetian, is now used in many languages. Shakespeare's play ""The Merchant of Venice"", written in the late 16th century, features Shylock, a Venetian Jew. The first complete and uncensored printed edition of the Talmud was printed in Venice by Daniel Bomberg in 1523. During World War II Jews were rounded up in Venice and deported to extermination camps."
"roles in society. After its abolition, the ghetto system became remembered as a lifestyle which was methodical and conventional in every aspect of life: economically, socially, religiously and legally. ""The birth of the ghetto as a place of enforced habitation, one of the aberrations of the modern era, paradoxically was also a catalyst for the development of Jewish ceremonial art in Italy"". Florentine Ghetto The Florentine Ghetto, which was created and constructed by the Medici family in 1571, became the location of refuge for all Tuscan Jews that were previously living around that region. The Ghetto was really intended to"