A mine in the town of Wieliczka in southern Poland that attracts millions of visitors is known for having produced what for centuries?
"Historic Monument (""Pomnik Historii""). Its attractions include the shafts and labyrinthine passageways, displays of historic salt-mining technology, an underground lake, four chapels and numerous statues carved by miners out of the rock salt, and more recent sculptures by contemporary artists. The Wieliczka Salt Mine reaches down 327 meters and extends in horizontal levels for over 287 kilometers (178 miles). The rock salt is naturally of varying shades of grey, resembling unpolished granite rather than the white crystals that visitors might expect. Since the middle Neolithic period, brine flowing up to the surface had been collected and processed for its sodium"
"according to UNESCO, both in terms of the number of employees and its production volumes. ""Żupy krakowskie"" works (""Żupa"" is the Old Polish word for salt mine) was one of the primary sources of income for the Polish Crown until 1772. For most of its existence, it was also one of the largest salt mining enterprises worldwide along with the Alpine salt mines in Hallstatt, Hallein, Hall and Berchtesgaden; with an output of over 30,000 tons a year. Notably, the castle of the ""Żupy krakowskie"" works in Wieliczka is the site of a museum established in 1951, called the ""Muzeum"
"estimated 35 billion tonnes of lignite reserves were found near Legnica, making them some of the largest in the world. From the fourth century BC, iron ore has been mined in the upland areas of Silesia. The same period had lead, copper, silver, and gold mining. Zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and uranium have also been mined in the region. Lower Silesia features large copper mining and processing between the cities of Legnica, Głogów, Lubin, and Polkowice. The region is known for stone quarrying to produce limestone, marl, marble, and basalt. The region also has a thriving agricultural sector, which produces cereals"
"Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka"". Żupy krakowskie Żupy krakowskie was a Polish salt mining company which operated continuously from its inception in the 13th century to the late 20th century. It managed salt mines and salt works in two neighboring towns (known as the Royal Salt Mines collectively), Wieliczka Salt Mine in Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mine in Bochnia (city rights, 1253), as well as river salt ports on Vistula and, only in the 17th century, a salt work in Dobiegniewo. The company was created around 1290 by the Polish Crown, thus giving birth to the largest industrial centre in Europe until"
"there. In the 18th century Gumyoshevsky mine represented the largest copper reserve of the Ural Mountains, and gained fame as the major supplier of malachite. It produced 450-480 tons of copper annually. About 500 workers were employed at the mine. The Gumyoshevsky malachite was popular because of its exceptional quality. It was used for decorating the Winter Palace, Saint Michael's Castle, the Palace of Versailles, the Saint Isaac's Cathedral. The samples of ores and minerals from the mine are now kept in the museums around the world, e.g. in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany. For a long time"
"valley (the Hala Tomanowa and Hala Pyszna) have been constituted strict nature reserve, thus forming a sanctuary for the flora and fauna peculiar to them. The whole valley is pervaded with the aura of old legends about hidden treasure. There are ancient mining traditions going as far back on the 15th century. In the 19th century Kościeliska valley was one of the strongest and biggest metallurgical centres in the area, in the neighbouring mountains various metals were found, mainly silver, later on also iron ore. This valley owes its exceptional charm not only to its beauty spots, but also to"
"early 19th-century granary, and visitors also participate in flour production using millstones. The museum forms part of the gingerbread tradition still living in town. Muzeum Piernika Muzeum Piernika () is a museum located in medieval old town of Toruń, Poland, that is famous for its gingerbread. Visitors take part in an interactive show through which they are taught how to make a traditional gingerbread. The show consist of two parts - first visitors are shown how the dough was made in Middle Ages. Having prepared dough, everyone then makes their own gingerbread using traditional baking molds. Throughout the whole show"
"the museum is a small narrow-gauge railway line which gives children unforgettable memories. Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry The Historic Silver Mine, (), is a mining museum in Tarnowskie Góry, in Silesia in Poland. The mine and the neighbouring Black Trout Adit are remnants of a silver mining industry. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. It also joined The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage and the Silesian Tourist Organization. The region of Tarnowskie Góry is known for historic lead-ore mining. The lead-ores contain quite a big admixture of"
"over 2000 workers employed. Only by the end of the nineteenth century there was public housing development. The city expanded with private money, mining built colonies (settlement for families of mining workers), a salinarną power plant (supplied electricity not only to the mine, but also to the city). In the inter-war period, Wieliczkaites saw the development of territorial area, new residential districts were formed until a 1933 miners' strike took place, due to the reduction of wages by 13%. On 7 September 1939 began the occupation of Poland by the German army, which entered the country through Slovakia. The city"
"Muzeum Piernika Muzeum Piernika () is a museum located in medieval old town of Toruń, Poland, that is famous for its gingerbread. Visitors take part in an interactive show through which they are taught how to make a traditional gingerbread. The show consist of two parts - first visitors are shown how the dough was made in Middle Ages. Having prepared dough, everyone then makes their own gingerbread using traditional baking molds. Throughout the whole show visitors are guided by the master of bakery, a gingerbread witch and the craftsmen. The museum is located on 9, Rabiańska Strett, in an"
"coal containers, the conveyor belts and the suspended railway. It has simulations of mining disasters, and a concert hall. Guido Mine and Coal Mining Museum The Guido mine, is a historic deep coal mine and museum in Zabrze, Silesia, Poland. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. This is an object of cultural heritage inscribed in the registry of the Silesian Voivodeship ( A/1342/87 z 1987-02-26) and a cultural monument in Poland (ID 641754). The Guido mine was set up in 1855 by Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck (1830-1916) to provide coal for the Donnersmarck"
"KGHM Polska Miedź KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. (Kombinat Górniczo-Hutniczy Miedzi), commonly known as KGHM, is a Polish multinational corporation that employs near 34,000 people around the world and has been a leader in copper and silver production for more than 50 years. In 1991, the company was established as a state enterprise and since 1997, their shares have been traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Currently, KGHM operates 9 open-pit and underground mines located in Poland, Canada, the USA and Chile and is actively advancing 4 projects. KGHM produces key global resources including copper, copper sulphate, gold, silver, nickel, nickel"
"for the town's existence,) was first discovered in 1490, when local peasant-farmer named Rybka found a strange, heavy, metallic stone while plowing the field near village of Tarnowice. He presented his find to a local priest and within less than three decades this place became the largest silver mining center in the area. Its population rivaled in size some of the major cities of the Renaissance world and prospectors were coming from all corners of the continent, some as far as Spain, all of this fueled by the massive amount and quality of ore, so high that on many occasions"
"nature. Entire families participated in the industry each taking their own part in the production. In the 17th and 18th century great developments occurred when caravans of pottery were transported to Kraków and other Polish cities, from where barges would transport the ceramics on the Vistula River to Gdansk, spreading the fame of the artists work. During the 19th century, Stanislaw Kosiarski began his long tradition of production, until his death at the hands of the Nazis in 1939. The tradition was passed on to his students and daughter who continued to produce excellent ornamental pottery and build schools for"
"Tysiąclecia"") is protected by the European Union's Natura 2000 program and includes a major bird sanctuary. Coal mining in Poland Coal mining in Poland produced 144 million metric tons of coal in 2012, providing 55 percent of that country’s primary energy consumption, and 75 percent of electrical generation. Poland is the second-largest coal-mining country in Europe, after Germany, and the ninth-largest coal producer in the world. The country consumes nearly all the coal it mines, and is no longer a major coal exporter. Coal mines are concentrated mainly in Upper Silesia. The most profitable mines were Marcel Coal Mine and"
"pogrom. Kielce was once an important centre of limestone mining and the vicinity is famous for its natural resources like copper, lead and iron, which, over the centuries, were exploited on a large scale. There are several fairs and exhibitions held in Kielce throughout the year; the city and its surroundings are also known for their historic architecture, green spaces and recreational areas such as the Świętokrzyski National Park. The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Celts. They were"
"Ruda, Wieluń County Ruda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieluń, within Wieluń County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Wieluń and south-west of the regional capital Łódź. The village has a population of 1,300. The name Ruda probably comes from rich iron ore deposits, which were mined in the Middle Ages using the dukel method in swampy meadows around the settlement. Iron forges still functioned in the 16th century. It was discovered that the first human settlement in this area existed already in the Neolithic period (2,500-1700 years BC). The defensive castellan"
"visible rock mine which was opened in 1912, right after World War II, and continues to operate to this day. The mine produces sandstone, which is later used for roads and other construction projects throughout Poland. <br> Klęczany, Nowy Sącz County Klęczany is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chełmiec, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Chełmiec, north-west of Nowy Sącz, and south-east of the regional capital Kraków. The village has a population of 1,048. In 1858, oil production was established and, in 1859, an oil refinery operated here"
"playing volleyball, basketball and handball, restaurant, and conference facilities. Bochnia Salt Mine The Bochnia Salt Mine () in Bochnia, Poland is one of the oldest salt mines in the world and the oldest one in Poland. The mine was established between the 12th and 13th centuries after salt was first discovered in Bochnia and became part of the Royal mining company żupy krakowskie (Kraków salt works). Since 2005 the mine stopped digging down for salt. The mine was closed in 1990. In 1981 it was declared a heritage monument. The site is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments (""Pomnik"
"to high concentration of methane and high temperature. The cause of explosion was reported to be ignition of methane. Polish president Lech Kaczyński declared national mourning in Poland from 23 November to 25 November. Halemba Coal Mine The Halemba coal mine is a large mine in the south of Poland in Halemba district of Ruda Śląska, Silesian Voivodeship, 273 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Halemba represents one of the largest coal reserves in Poland, having estimated reserves of 120 million tonnes of coal. The annual coal production is around 3.36 million tonnes. In a mining explosion in November 2006,"
"Today the museum receives between 140,000 and 160,000 visitors each year. Blegny-Mine Blegny-Mine was a coal mine in Trembleur, near Liège, in Belgium which today is preserved as an industrial heritage site and show mine. The museum features on the European Route of Industrial Heritage and is one of the four Walloon mining sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2012. Mining at the site was begun by the monks of Val-Dieu Abbey in the 16th century. The first mine shaft was sunk in 1779 and expanded throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1883, two"
"Guido Mine and Coal Mining Museum The Guido mine, is a historic deep coal mine and museum in Zabrze, Silesia, Poland. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. This is an object of cultural heritage inscribed in the registry of the Silesian Voivodeship ( A/1342/87 z 1987-02-26) and a cultural monument in Poland (ID 641754). The Guido mine was set up in 1855 by Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck (1830-1916) to provide coal for the Donnersmarck mills. Maximum production was in 1885 when 312,976 tonnes of coal were cut. When the coal was worked out"
"(manufacturer of metallurgical equipment), CHEMET (manufacturer of chemical equipment), and Lead and Zinc Mill Miasteczko Slaskie (the second largest facility of this kind in Europe). All of these ""Molochs"" employed thousands of workers and emitted countless pollutants into the surrounding environment. For decades the railroad industry remained one of the largest local employers, however, due to an aging infrastructure, it slowly decreased in volume and other cities of the area begun to handle more and more of the rail traffic in terms of both cargo and passenger trains. The fall of Iron Curtain in 1989 brought freedom back to Poland"
"production was around 8,400 tons per day. Coal Mine 1 May was the general sponsor of the Polish football team Odra Wodzisław Śląski. 1 Maja Coal Mine The 1 Maja coal mine (""Coal Mine 1st May""; pol. ""Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego 1 Maja"") was a large mine in the south of Poland in Wodzisław Śląski, Silesian Voivodeship, 260 km south-west of the capital, Warsaw. Built in 1960, it was called ""Mszana"". Since 1961 it was called 1 Maja (1 May), in honor o fInternational Workers' Day. It was one of the most modern and best coal mines in the Polish People's"
"mine. Since 1989 the town of Złotoryja started to look for its past. The historical old town was restored and the traditions of gold mining were started. In 1992 a local ""Polish Guild of Gold Prospectors"" was started, which ever since organises the Polish Gold Panning Championships. In 2000 World Championships were held there. Currently the town is one of the main tourist centres of the area. The heavy industry is also playing an important part in the development of the area. The local quarries are ones of the most profitable in Poland and the Christmas tree ornaments factory is"
"Wujek Coal Mine Wujek Coal Mine (""Polish"": Kopalnia Wujek) is a coal mine in Katowice, Poland. It is widely known in Poland as the place of the massacre of striking miners in 1981 (most often referred to by the euphemism 'Pacification'). Mining operations began in the vicinity as early as the 16th century. The present mine, ""Oheim"", was established in 1899 by a merger of six mining operations existing in Silesia (then a part of Germany). The peak Polish production was in 1979 (3.88 million tons that year). Currently, the Wujek mine produces sub-bituminous coal with a typical energy content"
"formed craters in the area. In April 2008, five thousand people demonstrated in Kruszwica to protect cultural heritage and the nature reserve at Lake Gopło. This was the first protest of its kind in the country's history. Gopło Millennium Park (""Nadgoplański Park Tysiąclecia"") is protected by the European Union's Natura 2000 program and includes a major bird sanctuary. The Tomisławice opencast mine (less than 10 kilometers away from the Kruszwica mine) was due to open in 2009. The Bełchatów Power Station in the Łódź region supplies almost 20% of Poland's energy. It is the largest brown coal power plant in"
"- 124) This chapter discusses the need to establish Poland's own resources of iron ore. Wańkowicz states that Nazi Germany after the Anschluss seized the Erzberg mine, with 300 million tons of iron ore, out of which several military products are made. In the ancient times, iron ore was excavated in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, ""Now [early 1939], southern corner of Poland is full of posters, urging residents to hand any heavy stones found by them to the government, in exchange of 5 zlotys (...) A farmer named Boroń, who resides in Gogołów near Frysztak, sent a stone which was rich"
"of 30000-35000 kJ/kg, volatile content of 30-31%, ash content of less than 5%, and sulfur content of less than 0.6%. The name ""Wujek"" means ""Uncle"" in Polish. Wujek Coal Mine Wujek Coal Mine (""Polish"": Kopalnia Wujek) is a coal mine in Katowice, Poland. It is widely known in Poland as the place of the massacre of striking miners in 1981 (most often referred to by the euphemism 'Pacification'). Mining operations began in the vicinity as early as the 16th century. The present mine, ""Oheim"", was established in 1899 by a merger of six mining operations existing in Silesia (then a"
"Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry The Historic Silver Mine, (), is a mining museum in Tarnowskie Góry, in Silesia in Poland. The mine and the neighbouring Black Trout Adit are remnants of a silver mining industry. The museum is an Anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage. It also joined The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage and the Silesian Tourist Organization. The region of Tarnowskie Góry is known for historic lead-ore mining. The lead-ores contain quite a big admixture of silver. That's why beginning from 1526 when the new deposits of lead (mostly"
"factory dating back to the nineteenth century. The site, which was the heart of Izrael Poznański's industrial empire, now hosts a shopping mall, numerous restaurants, 4-star hotel, multiplex cinema, factory museum, bowling and fitness facilities and a science exhibition centre. Opened in 2006, it quickly became a centre of cultural entertainment and shopping, as well as a recognizable city landmark attracting both domestic and foreign tourists. The city is also likely to receive a large boost in terms of tourism once the massive revitalization project of the city's downtown (worth 4 billion PLN) is completed. The local government's efforts to"
"that pumps water to allow public access (at a rate of 30 to 40,000 gallons a day). Poldark Mine Poldark Mine is a museum and tin mine that can be explored near the town of Helston in Cornwall, UK. It lies within the Wendron Mining District of the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape World Heritage Site. Its features include a guided tour through ancient tin mine workings, a museum of mining equipment and gardens. It opened in 1972 as Wendron Forge and was later known as Ha'penny Park. After an ancient tin mine was discovered on the site it"
"centerpiece of the operation is the Wyodak Mine near Gillette, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin, which is the oldest operating surface mine for coal in the United States. The mine has permitted reserves of 286 million tons. In addition it claims in oil and gas reserves(76% of which is natural gas) principally in New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. Black Hills Corporation Black Hills Corporation is a Rapid City, South Dakota diversified energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming and sells power throughout the American West. It derives its name from its home"