Where in the human body is the 'Ileum'?
"is of importance in medicine as it can be affected in a number of diseases, including: In veterinary anatomy, the ileum is distinguished from the jejunum by being that portion of the jejunoileum that is connected to the caecum by the ileocecal fold. The ileum is the short termi of the small intestine and forms the connection to the large intestine. It is suspended by the caudal part of the mesentery (mesoileum) and is attached, in addition, to the cecum by the ileocecal fold. The ileum terminates at the cecocolic junction of the large intestine forming the ileal orifice. In"
"Ilium (bone) The ilium () (plural ilia) is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium. The ilium of the human is divisible into two parts, the body and the wing; the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum. The name comes from the Latin (""ile"","
"as ""Terminologia Anatomica"", the expression ""os ilium"" is reintroduced and ""os ilii"" deleted. Ilium (bone) The ilium () (plural ilia) is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish. All reptiles have an ilium except snakes, although some snake species have a tiny bone which is considered to be an ilium. The ilium of the human is divisible into two parts, the body and the wing; the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface"
"is made up of folds, each of which has many tiny finger-like projections known as villi on its surface. In turn, the epithelial cells that line these villi possess even larger numbers of microvilli. Therefore, the ileum has an extremely large surface area both for the adsorption (attachment) of enzyme molecules and for the absorption of products of digestion. The DNES (diffuse neuroendocrine system) cells of the ileum secrete various hormones (gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin) into the blood. Cells in the lining of the ileum secrete the protease and carbohydrase enzymes responsible for the final stages of protein and carbohydrate digestion"
"""ilis""), meaning ""groin"" or ""flank"". The ilium consists of the body and wing. Together with the ischium and pubis, to which the ilium is connected, these form the pelvic bone, with only a faint line indicating the place of union. The body () forms less than two-fifths of the acetabulum; and also forms part of the acetabular fossa. The internal surface of the body is part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and gives origin to some fibers of the obturator internus. The wing () is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It has an"
"each other at the pubic symphysis. Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the hip bones form the pelvis. Ilium (plural ""ilia"") is the uppermost and largest region. It makes up two fifths of the acetabulum. It is divisible into two parts: the body and the ala or wing of ilium; the separation is indicated on the top surface by a curved line, the arcuate line, and on the external surface by the margin of the acetabulum. The body of ilium forms the sacroiliac joint with the sacrum. The edge of the wing of ilium forms the S-shaped iliac crest which"
"of the nominative singular of the noun ""ile"". Ile in classical Latin can refer to the ""flank of the body"", or to the ""groin"", or the ""part of the abdomen from the lowest ribs to the pubes"". Ile is usually encountered as plural (""ilia"") in classical Latin. The ""os ilium"" can literally be translated as ""bone"" (Latin: ""os"" ) ""of the flanks"". More than a millennium earlier the ""ossa ilium"" were described by the Greek physician Galen, and referred to as, with a quite similar expression, τά πλατέα λαγόνων ὀστᾶ, ""the flat bones of the flanks"", with λαγών for ""flank""."
"Jejunum The jejunum () is the second part of the small intestine in humans and most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. The jejunum lies between the duodenum and the ileum and is considered to start at the suspensory muscle of the duodenum , a location called the duodenojejunal flexure. The division between the jejunum and ileum is not anatomically distinct due to the fact that in adult humans, the small intestine is usually 6-7m long, about two-fifths of which (2.5 m) is the jejunum. The interior surface of the jejunum— which is exposed to ingested food— is covered"
"of the ""fossa"", the bone wall forming the internal face of the rear part of the ilium, which functions as an attachment area for a tail muscle, the ""musculus caudofemoralis brevis"". Often, close to the hip-socket the lower edge of the outer face of the postacetabular process is positioned higher than the edge of the brevis shelf, exposing the latter in side view. The 'English' name ""ilium"" as bone of the ""pelvis"" can be traced back to the writings of anatomists Andreas Vesalius, whom coined the expression ""os ilium"". In this expression ""ilium"" can be considered as the genitive plural"
"feeling); the peroxides are neutralized through the production of glutathione from selenium. In turn, an excess of selenium increases demand for iodine, and deficiency will result when a diet is high in selenium and low in iodine. The human body contains about 15–20 mg of iodine, mostly concentrated in thyroid tissue (70–80%). Extra-thyroidal iodine exists in several other organs, including the mammary glands, eyes, gastric mucosa, cervix, ovary and salivary glands. In the cells of these tissues the iodide ion (I) enters directly by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). Different tissue responses for iodine and iodide occur in the mammary glands"
"in finger–like projections of mucosa, called villi, which increase the surface area of tissue available to absorb nutrients from ingested foodstuffs. The epithelial cells which line these villi have microvilli. The transport of nutrients across epithelial cells through the jejunum and ileum includes the passive transport of sugar fructose and the active transport of amino acids, small peptides, vitamins, and most glucose. The villi in the jejunum are much longer than in the duodenum or ileum. The pH in the jejunum is usually between 7 and 9 (neutral or slightly alkaline). The jejunum and the ileum are suspended by mesentery"
"(IF) is a glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 45 kDa. In the duodenum, the free vitamin B attaches to the intrinsic factor (IF) to create a vitamin B-IF complex. This complex then travels through the small bowel and reaches the terminal tertiary portion of the small intestine, called the ileum. The ileum is the longest of all portions of the small intestine, and has on its surface specialized receptors called cubilin receptors, that identify the B-IF complexes and take them up into the circulation via endocytosis mediated absorption. In short, the essential function of haptocorrin is protection of the"
"the best developed in the jejunum. There is no line of demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum. However, there are subtle histological differences: The lining of the jejunum is specialized for the absorption, by enterocytes, of small nutrient particles which have been previously digested by enzymes in the duodenum. Once absorbed, nutrients (with the exception of fat, which goes to the lymph) pass from the enterocytes into the enterohepatic circulation and enter the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where the blood is processed. The jejunum is involved in magnesium absorption. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine"
"the dog the ileal orifice is located at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra, in the ox in the level of the fourth lumbar vertebrae, in the sheep and goat at the level of the caudal point of the costal arch. By active muscular contraction of the ileum, and closure of the ileal opening as a result of engorgement, the ileum prevents the backflow of ingesta and the equalization of pressure between jejunum and the base of the cecum. Disturbance of this sensitive balance is not uncommon and is one of the causes of colic in horses."
"the hip joint. Arcuate line of ilium The arcuate line of the ilium is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium. It is immediately inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus muscle. It forms part of the border of the pelvic inlet. In combination with the pectineal line, it comprises the iliopectineal line. The arcuate line marks the border between the body (""corpus"") and the wing (""ala"") of the ilium, and, running inferior, anterior, and medial from the auricular surface to the area corresponding to the acetabulum, it also indicates where weight is transferred from the"
"Renal hilum The renal hilum (Latin: ""hilum renale"") or renal pedicle is the hilum of the kidney, that is, its recessed central fissure where its vessels, nerves and ureter pass. The medial border of the kidney is concave in the center and convex toward either extremity; it is directed forward and a little downward. Its central part presents a deep longitudinal fissure, bounded by prominent overhanging anterior and posterior lips. This fissure is a hilum that transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter. From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the"
"Thymus The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T cells mature. T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts specifically to foreign invaders. The thymus is composed of two identical lobes and is located anatomically in the anterior superior mediastinum, in front of the heart and behind the sternum. Histologically, each lobe of the thymus can be divided into a central medulla and a peripheral cortex which is surrounded by an outer capsule. The cortex and medulla play different roles in the development of T cells. Cells"
"Intraepithelial lymphocyte Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are lymphocytes found in the epithelial layer of mammalian mucosal linings, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and reproductive tract. However, unlike other T cells, IELs do not need priming. Upon encountering antigens, they immediately release cytokines and cause killing of infected target cells. In the GI tract, they are components of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). An elevated IEL population, as determined by biopsy, typically indicates ongoing inflammation within the mucosa. In diseases such as celiac sprue, IEL elevation throughout the small intestine is one of many specific markers. Alternatively, elevated IEL populations can be"
"amounts of glucose, the pancreas uses amino acids to trigger insulin release instead. Food then moves on to the jejunum. This is the most nutrient absorptive section of the small intestine. The liver regulates the level of nutrients absorbed into the blood system from the small intestine. From the jejunum, whatever food that has not been absorbed is sent to the ileum which connects to the large intestine. The first part of the large intestine is the cecum and the second portion is the colon. The large intestine reabsorbs water and forms fecal matter. There are some things that the"
"those of vertebrates. Cecum The cecum or caecum (, plural ceca ; from the Latin ""caecus"" meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While"
"rule. The spleen is , weighs approximately , and lies between the 9th and 11th ribs on the left hand side. Near the middle of the spleen is a long fissure, the hilum, which is the point of attachment for the gastrosplenic ligament and the point of insertion for the splenic artery and splenic vein. There are other openings present for lymphatic vessels and nerves. Like the thymus, the spleen possesses only efferent lymphatic vessels. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. Both the short gastric arteries and the splenic artery supply it with blood. The germinal centers are"
"insulin/Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Liver The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive gland that produces bile, an alkaline compound which helps the breakdown of fat. Bile aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver,"
"of lymphoid follicles in an outer portion called the cortex. The inner portion of the node is called the medulla, which is surrounded by the cortex on all sides except for a portion known as the hilum. The hilum presents as a depression on the surface of the lymph node, causing the otherwise spherical lymph node to be bean-shaped or ovoid. The efferent lymph vessel directly emerges from the lymph node at the hilum. The arteries and veins supplying the lymph node with blood enter and exit through the hilum. The region of the lymph node called the paracortex immediately"
"Cecum The cecum or caecum (, plural ceca ; from the Latin ""caecus"" meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine. It is typically located on the right side of the body (the same side of the body as the appendix, to which it is joined). It receives chyme from the ileum, and connects to the ascending colon of the large intestine. It is separated from the ileum by the ileocecal valve (ICV) or Bauhin's valve. It is also separated from the colon by the cecocolic junction. While the cecum is"
"from the sacrum to the ilium. Interosseous sacroiliac ligament The interosseous sacroiliac ligament is a ligament of the sacroiliac joint that lies deep to the posterior ligament, and consists of a series of short, strong fibers connecting the tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium. It is the strongest ligament in the body. The major function of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is to keep the sacrum and ilium together and therefore prevent abduction or distraction of the sacroiliac joint. It also helps to bear the weight of the thorax, upper limbs, head, and neck. This is performed by the nearly horizontal"
"Arcuate line of ilium The arcuate line of the ilium is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium. It is immediately inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus muscle. It forms part of the border of the pelvic inlet. In combination with the pectineal line, it comprises the iliopectineal line. The arcuate line marks the border between the body (""corpus"") and the wing (""ala"") of the ilium, and, running inferior, anterior, and medial from the auricular surface to the area corresponding to the acetabulum, it also indicates where weight is transferred from the sacroiliac joint to"
"coelom (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. The mesothelium forms a monolayer of flattened squamous-like epithelial cells resting on a thin basement membrane supported by dense irregular connective tissue. Cuboidal mesothelial cells may be found at areas of injury, the milky spots of the omentum, and the peritoneal side of the diaphragm overlaying the lymphatic lacunae. The luminal surface is covered with microvilli. The proteins and serosal fluid trapped by the microvilli provide a slippery surface for internal organs to slide past"
"is straight in front view and has a large olecranon, the attachment process for the ""Musculus triceps brachii"". Radius, wrist and hand are unknown. In the pelvis, the ilium is long and low, with a convex upper profile. Its front blade is triangular and rather short; at the front end there is a small drooping point, separated by a notch from the pubic peduncle. The rear blade is roughly rectangular. The outer side of the ilium is concave, serving as an attachment surface for the ""Musculus iliofemoralis"", the main thigh muscle. Above the hip joint, on this surface a low"
"Wing of ilium The wing of ilium (or ala) is the large expanded portion which bounds the greater pelvis laterally. It presents for examination two surfaces—an external and an internal—a crest, and two borders—an anterior and a posterior. The external surface, known as the dorsum ossis ilium, is directed backward and lateralward behind, and downward and lateralward in front. It is smooth, convex in front, deeply concave behind; bounded above by the crest, below by the upper border of the acetabulum, in front and behind by the anterior and posterior borders. This surface is crossed in an arched direction by"
"Coelom The coelom is the main body cavity in most animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs. In developed animals, it is lined with mesothelium. In other animals, such as molluscs, it remains undifferentiated. The term ""coelom"" derives from the Ancient Greek word (), meaning ""cavity"". During the development of the embryo, coelom formation begins in the gastrulation stage. The developing digestive tube of an embryo forms as a blind pouch called the archenteron. In Protostomes, the coelom forms by a process known as schizocoely. The archenteron initially forms, and"
"on the microvilli. The chylomicrons are small enough to pass through the enterocyte villi and into their lymph capillaries called lacteals. A milky fluid called chyle, consisting mainly of the emulsified fats of the chylomicrons, results from the absorbed mix with the lymph in the lacteals. Chyle is then transported through the lymphatic system to the rest of the body. The suspensory muscle marks the end of the duodenum and the division between the upper gastrointestinal tract and the lower GI tract. The digestive tract continues as the jejunum which continues as the ileum. The jejunum, the midsection of the"
"is easily located through the skin. The iliac crest shows clear marks of the attachment of the three abdominal wall muscles. The ischium forms the lower and back part of the hip bone and is located below the ilium and behind the pubis. The ischium is the strongest of the three regions that form the hip bone. It is divisible into three portions: the body, the superior ramus, and the inferior ramus. The body forms approximately one-third of the acetabulum. The ischium forms a large swelling, the tuberosity of the ischium, also referred to colloquially as the ""sit bone"". When"
"range in size from a few millimeters to about 1–2 cm long. Each lymph node is surrounded by a fibrous capsule, which extends inside the lymph node to form trabeculae. The substance of the lymph node is divided into the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The cortex is continuous around the medulla except where the medulla comes into direct contact with the hilum. Thin reticular fibers of reticular connective tissue, and elastin form a supporting meshwork called a ""reticulin"" inside the node. B cells are mainly found in the outer (superficial) cortex where they are clustered together as follicular"