What paleontological hoax takes its name from a place in East Sussex, England where in 1912, discovered bone fragments were thought to be the remains of an unknown form of early man?
"Geology of East Sussex The geology of East Sussex is defined by the Weald–Artois anticline, a wide and long fold within which caused the arching up of the chalk into a broad dome within the middle Miocene, which has subsequently been eroded to reveal a lower Cretaceous to Upper Jurassic stratigraphy. East Sussex is best known geologically for the identification of the first dinosaur by Gideon Mantell, near Cuckfield, to the famous hoax of the Piltdown man near Uckfield. The county’s chalk has provided a world-class stratigraphic marker giving a great deal of detail in Cretaceous Chalk palaeoecology and palaeontology"
"accept the fossils that began to be found in Asia and Africa after the late 19th century was the Piltdown Hoax. The perpetrator of the Piltdown hoax is uncertain but the year and location indicate a rejection of growing evidence for man’s ancestry outside of Europe. In 1912 in England, a fossil was presented and named ""Piltdown Man"". This specimen was the combination of ape and human features the scientific community had been seeking in order to argue human/ape affinities. The high, globular braincase signified human-like features while the robust jaw and molars resembled ape skulls. This fossil was used"
"History of Sussex Sussex , from the Old English 'Sūþsēaxe' ('South Saxons'), is a historic county in South East England. Evidence from a fossil of Boxgrove Man (""Homo heidelbergensis"") shows that Sussex has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years. It is thought to be the oldest human fossil ever discovered in Britain. Near Pulborough, tools have been found that date from around 35,000 years ago and that are thought to be from either the last Neanderthals in northern Europe or pioneer populations of modern humans. On the South Downs lie Neolithic flint mines that date to around 4000BC, some"
"constituency). The current version of the East of England Plan, a revision of the Regional Spatial Strategy for the East of England, was published on 12 May 2008. It was revoked on 3 January 2013 The official region consists of the following subdivisions: A mammoth skeleton found at West Runton, Norfolk, in 1990, is the most complete in the world. Fossilised footprints discovered on a nearby beach in 2010 at Happisburgh are 900,000 years old, and the oldest evidence of early humans outside of Africa, known as ""Homo antecessor"", with the earliest flint hand axe in north-west Europe.. Simon Sudbury,"
"that there may also have been a second 'fraudster' seeking to use outrageous fraud in the hope of anonymously exposing the original frauds. This was a theory first proposed by Miles Russell. He has explained that the piece nicknamed the 'cricket bat' (a fossilised elephant bone) was such a crudely forged 'early tool' that it may have been planted to cast doubt upon the other finds, the 'Earliest Englishman' in effect being recovered with the earliest evidence for the game of cricket. This seems to have been part of a wider attempt, by disaffected members of the Sussex archaeological community,"
"discovery was in 1912 with the discovery of the Piltdown Man which was billed as the ""missing link"" between humans and other great apes. Questions about the Piltdown find were raised from the beginning, first by Arthur Keith, but also by paleontologists and anatomists from the Smithsonian Institution and from Europe. Those disputing the find were attacked in very personal terms. Challenges to Piltdown Man arose again in the 1920s, but were again dismissed. In 1949, further questions were raised about the Piltdown Man and its authenticity, which led to the conclusive demonstration that Piltdown was a hoax, in 1953."
"the altered mandible and some teeth of an orangutan deliberately combined with the cranium of a fully developed, though small-brained, modern human. The Piltdown hoax is prominent for two reasons: the attention it generated around the subject of human evolution, and the length of time, 41 years, that elapsed from its alleged initial discovery to its definitive exposure as a composite forgery. At a meeting of the Geological Society of London on 18 December 1912, Charles Dawson claimed that a workman at the Piltdown gravel pit had given him a fragment of the skull four years earlier. According to Dawson,"
"Swanscombe Swanscombe is a small town in the Dartford Borough of Kent. It borders the Gravesham Borough. It is located north-west of Gravesend. At the 2011 Census the population is included in the civil parish of Swanscombe and Greenhithe. Bone fragments and tools, representing the earliest humans known to have lived in England, have been found from 1935 onwards at the ""Barnfield Pit"" about outside the village. This site is now the Swanscombe Heritage Park. Swanscombe Man (now thought to be female) was a late ""Homo erectus"" or an early Archaic ""Homo sapiens"".According to the Natural History Museum, however, the"
"in traditional medicines, a practice that continues today. In Europe, dinosaur fossils were generally believed to be the remains of giants and other biblical creatures. Scholarly descriptions of what would now be recognized as dinosaur bones first appeared in the late 17th century in England. Part of a bone, now known to have been the femur of a ""Megalosaurus"", was recovered from a limestone quarry at Cornwell near Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, in 1676. The fragment was sent to Robert Plot, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford and first curator of the Ashmolean Museum, who published a description in"
"in the autumn of 1986, a track of human footprints was discovered eroding out of the clays in the intertidal zone in front of Uskmouth Power Station. The footprints were found to contain peat deposits, allowing them to be carbon dated to 4200BC. At the time they were the oldest known human footprints in Britain, but in 2013 footprints made about 800,000 years ago were discovered in Happisburgh, Norfolk. Uskmouth Uskmouth () is an area to the south of the city of Newport, South Wales. Uskmouth is effectively in the west of the village of Nash. It is at Uskmouth"
"Smith Woodward purportedly discovered more bones and artifacts at the site, which they connected to the same individual. These finds included a jawbone, more skull fragments, a set of teeth, and primitive tools. Smith Woodward reconstructed the skull fragments and hypothesised that they belonged to a human ancestor from 500,000 years ago. The discovery was announced at a Geological Society meeting and was given the Latin name ""Eoanthropus dawsoni"" (""Dawson's dawn-man""). The questionable significance of the assemblage remained the subject of considerable controversy until it was conclusively exposed in 1953 as a forgery. It was found to have consisted of"
"""Low Weald"". The Weald–Artois Anticline continues some further south-eastwards under the Straits of Dover, and includes the Boulonnais of France. Many important fossils have been found in the sandstones and clays of the Weald, including, for example, ""Baryonyx"". The famous scientific hoax of Piltdown Man was claimed to have come from a gravel pit at Piltdown near Uckfield. The first ""Iguanodon"" was identified after a Mary Mantell unearthed some fossilised teeth by a road in Sussex in 1822. Her husband, Gideon Mantell, noticed they were similar to modern iguana teeth but many times larger; this important find led to the"
"counties. In the 21st century a county day and a county flag were created for Sussex and a National Park was established for the South Downs. In 1993 a human-like tibia was found at Boxgrove near Chichester. Then in 1996 further hominid remains were found: two incisor teeth from a single individual recovered from the lower freshwater deposits at the site. The remains came to be known as ""Boxgrove man"" and are thought to be a species known as ""Homo heidelbergensis"". Boxgrove man apparently lived in a temperate stage immediately prior to the Anglian glaciation, in the Lower Paleolithic period"
"Boxgrove Man Boxgrove Man is a fossil thought to belong to ""Homo heidelbergensis"", an extinct relative of modern humans (""Homo sapiens""), and dated to roughly half a million years old. The fossil was discovered in 1993 in Boxgrove, West Sussex, near the south coast of England, by archaeologist Mark Roberts and his team of the Institute of Archeology at University College London. Only two pieces of the tibia (shinbone) and two teeth were found, so little is known about the subject's history. It is even possible that this was a strongly-built woman. He or she was about 40 years old,"
"Cheddar Man Cheddar Man is a human male fossil found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England. The skeletal remains date to the Mesolithic (ca. 9100 BP) and it appears that he died a violent death. A large crater-like lesion just above the skull's right orbit suggests that the man may have also been suffering from a bone infection. Excavated in 1903, Cheddar Man is Britain’s oldest complete human skeleton. The remains are kept by the Natural History Museum in London in the new Human Evolution gallery. Analysis of his nuclear DNA indicates that he was a typical member"
"Eurasia and northern Africa. In 1996, Bryan Sykes of the University of Oxford first sequenced the mitochondrial DNA from one of Cheddar Man's molars. There was no genetic link with the other skeletons from Gough's Cave, which are 5,000 years older than Cheddar Man. For much of this intervening period, the last glaciation of Europe had made the area unsuitable for human life. Cheddar Man Cheddar Man is a human male fossil found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England. The skeletal remains date to the Mesolithic (ca. 9100 BP) and it appears that he died a violent death."
"1234). Plymouth notably lent its name to the settlement of Plymouth, Massachusetts following the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the Mayflower in 1620, as well as many other settlements in North America. The earliest human remains in the Plymouth area are from a number of caves around Plymouth Sound. The 'bone caves', located at Cattedown, Oreston, Turnchapel and Stonehouse, contain extensive Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including those of ""Homo sapiens"", some of the earliest such evidence in England. A reindeer bone from one of the Cattedown caves is dated 15,125 ± 390 years B.P. There is no public access to"
"between 524,000 and 478,000 years ago. In 1900 Upper Palaeolithic flintwork was found at a site in the Beedings. Then in 2007–08 Early Upper Palaeolithic archaeology was found at the same site. The archaeology at the Beedings spans a crucial cultural transition in the European Palaeolithic and therefore provides an important new dataset for the analysis of late Neanderthal groups in northern Europe and their replacement by modern human populations. It is believed that during the Mesolithic Age nomadic hunters arrived in Sussex from Europe. At the time (8000 BC), Britain was still connected to the continent, however the ice"
"dating from around 12,500 years ago. The bones were defleshed and probably ritually buried though perhaps related to cannibalism being practised in the area at the time or making skull cups or storage containers.<ref name=""http://www.plosone.org""> </ref> Somerset was one of the first areas of future England settled following the end of Younger Dryas phase of the last Ice Age c. 8000 BC. Cheddar Man is the name given to the remains of a human male found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge. He is Britain's oldest complete human skeleton. The remains date from about 7150 BC, and it appears that"
"a young woman. The Swanscombe skull has been identified as early Neanderthal (pre-Neanderthal, ""Homo heidelbergensis""), dating to the Hoxnian Interglacial around 400,000 years ago. Swanscombe is one of only two sites in Britain which have yielded Lower Paleolithic human fossils, the other being Boxgrove Quarry, where 500,000-year-old leg bones and teeth (""Boxgrove Man""), were found. The skull fragments were found in the lower middle terrace gravels at a depth of almost 8 metres beneath the surface. They were found by Alvan T. Marston, an amateur archaeologist who visited the pit between quarrying operations to search for flint tools. A third,"
"the ground. The legend was first recorded by folklorist Charlotte Latham in 1868. Since 2006, when the oak was saved from development, meetings have been held on Midsummers Eve there. It was once believed that monsters known as knuckers lived in bottomless ponds called knuckerholes. There were several knuckerholes in Sussex, including one in Worthing by Ham Bridge (on the present Ham Road), close to East Worthing railway station and Teville Stream. According to legend, a tunnel several miles long led from the now-demolished medieval Offington Hall to the Neolithic flint mines and Iron Age hill fort at Cissbury. It"
"three toes on front and back feet and head twisted backwards, its jaws biting across its body and back foot. The fragment is hollow, and was found filled with soil and plant roots. Three rivets on the underside—one near the mouth, two on the opposite end—would have served to attach it to a larger object, most likely a helmet. The fragment was found on 1 May 2002 in Horncastle, a market town in Lincolnshire, England. It was found by a Mr D. Turner, who was searching with a metal detector. As required of found objects more than 300 years old"
"Happisburgh footprints The Happisburgh footprints were a set of fossilized hominid footprints that date to the early Pleistocene. They were discovered in May 2013 in a newly uncovered sediment layer on a beach at Happisburgh in Norfolk, England, and were destroyed by the tide shortly afterwards. Results of research on the footprints were announced on 7 February 2014, and identified them as dating to more than 800,000 years ago. They are the oldest known hominid footprints outside Africa. Before the Happisburgh discovery, the oldest-known footprints in Britain were at Uskmouth in South Wales, from the Mesolithic and carbon-dated to 4,600"
"12th-century carving of a person of indeterminate sex exposing their genitalia—until 2004, when an unknown vandal destroyed it with a chisel. The church is still used for Christian worship, and English Heritage has listed it at Grade I for its architectural and historical importance. Buncton existed as a settlement at the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, when it was called ""Bongetune"". Its origins lie in a manor whose land lay within two exclaves of the parish of Ashington within the Rape of Bramber, one of the six ancient subdivisions of Sussex. The medieval manor house has vanished, but"
"the Palaeolithic age. No human bones have been found in Sussex from that period, although the discovery of large flint implements indicate that there was human occupation . There have been finds across Europe that suggest that people believed in some sort of afterlife, but whether this represented a religion is not certain. The number of Palaeolithic graves found across Europe has been small and all those in the British region show signs of having been buried in a ritual way. The Neolithic people of Sussex built causewayed enclosures, including those at Whitehawk Camp, Combe Hill and The Trundle. There"
"a review of some fossil material found in 1985 and thought to have been ""Iguanodon"", which was on display at the Horsham Museum in Sussex. The material, holotype HORSM 1988.1546, is fragmentary and includes several incomplete vertebrae, a partial scapulocoracoid, the distal end of a humerus, a nearly complete right tibia, rib fragments, and two osteoderms. ""P. rudgwickensis"" seems to have been about 30% longer than type species ""P. foxii"" and differs from it in numerous characters of the vertebrae and dermal armour. It is named after the village of Rudgwick in West Sussex and was discovered at a Rudgwick"
"existed in England 700,000 years ago, potentially a cross between ""Homo antecessor"" and ""Homo heidelbergensis"". In 2010, stone tool finds were reported in Happisburgh, Norfolk, England, dated to about 950,000 years ago, the earliest known evidence for hominin presence in Northern Europe (Happisburgh is close to the 53rd parallel north, which also represents the known northern limit of the Neanderthal range in the Middle Paleolithic). In May 2013, sets of fossilized footprints were discovered in an estuary at Happisburgh. Date to about 800,000 years ago, they are thought to have been left by a small group of people, including several"
"any species known to be living in England. He therefore at first concluded it to be the thighbone of a Roman war elephant and later that of a giant human, such as those mentioned in the Bible. The bone has since been lost, but the illustration is detailed enough that some have since identified it as that of ""Megalosaurus"". It has also been argued that this possible ""Megalosaurus"" bone was given the very first species name ever applied to an extinct dinosaur. Plot's engraving of the Cornwell bone was again used in a book by Richard Brookes in 1763. Brookes,"
"from Chilhac, Haute-Loire) and from the Grotte du Vallonnet, near Menton. Human presence in Great Britain close to 1 Mya is established by stone tools and fossilized footprints found near Happisburgh, Norfolk. Paleoanthropologists continue to debate the classification of ""Homo erectus"" and ""Homo ergaster"" as separate species. One school of thought suggests dropping the taxon ""Homo erectus"" and equating ""H. erectus"" with the archaic ""H. sapiens"". Another calls ""H. ergaster"" the direct African ancestor of ""H. erectus"", proposing that ""erectus"" emigrated out of Africa to Asia while branching into a distinct species. Some scholars dispense with the species name ""ergaster"","
"the modern sense was George Olshevsky in 1993. This was confirmed by Paul Barrett and Paul Upchurch in 1995 who concluded that it is a stegosaur similar to ""Huayangosaurus"", as the jaws are very similar. As the remains are so limited, many recent researchers have concluded ""Regnosaurus"" to be a ""nomen dubium"". Regnosaurus Regnosaurus (meaning ""Sussex lizard"") is a genus of herbivorous stegosaurian dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous Period in what is now England. The fossil remains, a portion of the right lower jaw, were found near Cuckfield in Sussex, and made part of the collection of the"
"12700 BC (14700 cal BP), at the start of the Late Upper Palaeolithic Period. Although there is evidence of human occupation in England (during the so-called Creswellian culture, c.12670 - 12090 BC), there is no evidence that this reached Cumbria. Finds are mostly from caves in the southwest and midland regions of England, and indicate humans feeding on wild horse, reindeer, Arctic hare and red deer, as well as on wild fruits, berries, etc., evidence for which has not survived. Hunter-gathering was the mode of survival. The first evidence found for human occupation in Cumbria is that at Kirkhead Cave,"
"2010 was awarded the United States National Medal of Science. In the social sciences, Sussex was home to economist John Maynard Keynes from 1925 to 1946. The founding father of Keynesian economics, he is widely considered to be one of the founders of modern macroeconomics and the most influential economist of the 20th century. David Pilbeam won the 1986 International Prize from the Fyssen Foundation. In the early 20th century, Sussex was at the centre of one of what has been described as 'British archaeology's greatest hoax'. Bone fragments said to have been collected in 1912 were presented as the"
"Beachy Head Lady The Beachy Head Lady is an ancient skeleton discovered in Beachy Head, East Sussex, England. The Beachy Head Lady lived during the Roman period, around 200 to 250 AD, and is thought to have originated from Sub-Saharan Africa. As part of the Eastbourne Ancestors project, 300 sets of human remains excavated from Anglo-Saxon cemeteries were re-examined. Heritage Officer Jo Seaman and his team found two boxes labelled ""Beachy Head, something to do with 1956 or 1959"". Inside they found a very well-preserved human skeleton. Initial inspection by an osteoarchaeologist reported that the remains belonged to a young"