"Which king of the UK had the nickname The First Gentleman of Europe""?"
"The First Gentleman The First Gentleman is a 1948 British historical drama film directed by Alberto Cavalcanti, and starring Jean-Pierre Aumont, Joan Hopkins, and Cecil Parker. It portrays the relationships and marriage of George, Prince Regent and his tense dealings with other members of his family such as his only child Princess Charlotte and his younger brother Frederick, Duke of York. It was also released as Affairs of a Rogue.The film is based on a play, ""The First Gentleman"" by Norman Ginsbury, which was staged in London in 1945, starring Robert Morley as the Prince Regent and Wendy Hiller as"
"king. What eye has wept for him? What heart has heaved one throb of unmercenary sorrow? ... If he ever had a friend – a devoted friend in any rank of life – we protest that the name of him or her never reached us."" George IV was described as the ""First Gentleman of England"" on account of his style and manners. He possessed many good qualities; he was bright, clever, and knowledgeable. However, his laziness and gluttony led him to squander much of his talent. ""The Times"" wrote, he would always prefer ""a girl and a bottle to politics"
"has also been hailed as the first king of England, as a statesman of international standing"". David Dumville describes Æthelstan as ""the father of mediaeval and modern England"", while Michael Wood regards Offa, Alfred, and Æthelstan as the three greatest Anglo-Saxon kings, and Æthelstan as ""one of the more important lay intellectuals in Anglo-Saxon history"". Æthelstan is regarded as the first King of England by some modern historians. Although it was Eadred who would achieve the final unification of England by the permanent conquest of Viking York, Æthelstan's campaigns made this success possible. His nephew Edgar called himself King of"
"surviving sources; Æthelstan had no biographer, and the ""Chronicle"" for his reign is scanty. In his own day he was 'the roof-tree of the honour of the western world'"". Æthelstan Æthelstan or Athelstan (; or ""Æðelstān""; meaning ""noble stone""; 894 – 27 October 939) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924 to 927 and King of the English from 927 to 939 when he died. He was the son of King Edward the Elder and his first wife, Ecgwynn. Modern historians regard him as the first King of England and one of the greatest Anglo-Saxon kings. He never married and"
"Æthelstan Æthelstan or Athelstan (; or ""Æðelstān""; meaning ""noble stone""; 894 – 27 October 939) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924 to 927 and King of the English from 927 to 939 when he died. He was the son of King Edward the Elder and his first wife, Ecgwynn. Modern historians regard him as the first King of England and one of the greatest Anglo-Saxon kings. He never married and had no children. He was succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund. When Edward died in July 924, Æthelstan was accepted by the Mercians as king. His half-brother Ælfweard may have"
"Henry of Almain Henry of Almain (Anglo-Norman French: ""Henri d'Almayne"") (2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271) was the son of Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall and his first wife Isabel Marshal. His surname is derived from a vowel shift in pronunciation of ""d'Allemagne"" (English: of Germany), so called by the elites of England because of his father's status as the elected German King of the Romans (the ""King of Almayne""). Henry was knighted by his father the day after Richard was crowned King of the Romans at Aachen, the usual coronation place for German kings. Richard's coronation took place"
"In disposition Alexander bore little resemblance to his soft-hearted, liberal father, and still less to his refined, philosophic, sentimental, chivalrous, yet cunning great-uncle, Emperor Alexander I, who could have been given the title of ""the first gentleman of Europe"". Although an enthusiastic amateur musician and patron of the ballet, Alexander was seen as lacking refinement and elegance. Indeed, he rather relished the idea of being of the same rough texture as some of his subjects. His straightforward, abrupt manner savoured sometimes of gruffness, while his direct, unadorned method of expressing himself harmonized well with his rough-hewn, immobile features and somewhat"
"to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace, and Sir Jeffry Wyattville to rebuild Windsor Castle. His charm and culture earned him the title ""the first gentleman of England"", but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy. He forbade Caroline to attend his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in a desperate, unsuccessful attempt to divorce her. For most of George's regency and reign, Lord Liverpool"
"the Almighty to the Throne of the whole Kingdom of Britain"". In Scotland the preferred title of the monarch was ""King/Queen of Scots"" rather than ""of Scotland"" (although the latter was by no means unknown). William I, the first Norman monarch of England, used the simple ""King of the English"". His successor, William II, was the first consistently to use ""by the Grace of God"". Henry I added ""Duke of the Normans"" in 1121, though he had seized Normandy from his brother Robert in 1106. In 1152 Henry II acquired many further French possessions through his marriage to Eleanor of"
"Emperor. The election of the Spanish king to the imperial throne made him the first monarch in Europe, both in title and in reality. Annoyed, the French king demanded that the emperor pay homage for Flanders and Artois; the emperor responded by reasserting his claim to the duchy of Burgundy. The rivalry of the French royal house with the Habsburgs dominated the rest of the sixteenth century. The emperor took Milan from the French in 1521. The King of England and the pope supported the emperor. France was surrounded by enemies on all sides. Domestic troubles led to the defection"
"eschewed in favour of ' or """". In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year, adopted the title (now usually rendered in English rather than Latin) ""King of Great Britain"". The English and Scottish parliaments, however, did not recognise this title until the Acts of Union of 1707. The kingdom of England emerged from the gradual unification of the early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdoms known as the Heptarchy: East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex. The Viking invasions of the 9th century upset the balance of power between the English kingdoms, and native Anglo-Saxon"
"throne. He became James I of England, and so brought under his personal rule the Kingdoms of England (and the dominion of Wales), Ireland and Scotland. On 20 October 1604, James VI and I proclaimed himself as ""King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland"", a title that continued to be used by many of his successors. When James came to the English throne, some elaborate pageants were staged. One pageant performed on the streets of London in 1605 was described in Anthony Munday's ""Triumphs of Reunited Britannia"": On a mount triangular, as the island of Britain itself is described to"
"Bede). The name ""Engla land"" became ""England"" by haplology during the Middle English period (""Engle-land"", ""Engelond""). The Latin name was ""Anglia"" or ""Anglorum terra"", the Old French and Anglo-Norman one ""Angleterre"". By the 14th century, ""England"" was also used in reference to the entire island of Great Britain. The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was ' (""King of the English""). Canute the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself ""King of England"". In the Norman period ' remained standard, with occasional use of ' (""King of England""). From John's reign onwards all other titles were"
"be overestimated. In England: In Great Britain: In the Holy Roman Empire: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (, ; 26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 O.S.) was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs. From a noble family, he served first as a page at the court of the House of Stuart under James, Duke of York, through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage"
"He was proclaimed ""James the first, King of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith"" in London on 24 March 1603. On 20 October 1604, James issued a proclamation at Westminster changing his style to ""King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c."" The style was not used on English statutes, but was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, treaties, and in Scotland. James styled himself ""King of France"", in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1800, although he did not actually rule France. As King of Scots, James bore the ancient royal"
"sovereign from continental kings and queens or as further exalted forms of address for the monarch in official documents or the most formal situations. Richard II, according to Robert Lacey in his book Great Tales from English history, was the first English King to demand the title of 'Highness' or 'Majesty.' He also noted that, '...previous English Kings had been content to be addressed as ""My Lord"" '. ""Most Gracious Majesty"" is only used in the most formal of occasions. Around 1519 King Henry VIII decided Majesty should become the style of the sovereign of England. ""Majesty"", however, was not"
"kingdom and the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The social transformations wrought in these lands brought them into the fuller orbit of European feudal politics. In France, it saw the nadir of the monarchy and the zenith of the great magnates, especially the dukes of Aquitaine and Normandy, who could thus foster such distinctive contributions of their lands as the pious warrior who conquered Britain, Italy, and the East and the impious peacelover, the troubadour, who crafted out of the European vernacular its first great literary themes. There were also the first figures of the intellectual movement known as"
"the sovereign house of Lorraine and descendants of the house of Anjou, claimed precedence of the Bourbon princes of Condé and Conti. The 3rd Duke of Alba was a nobleman of importance in the early modern period, nicknamed the ""Iron Duke"" by the Protestants of the Low Countries because of his harsh rule and cruelty. Tales of atrocities committed during his military operations in Flanders became part of Dutch and English folklore, forming a central component of the Black Legend. In England, Henry VIII was the King of England and a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy."
"the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned ""Emperor of the Romans"" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome's Old St. Peter's Basilica. Charlemagne has been called the ""Father of Europe"" (""Pater Europae""), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish rule. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne's empire,"
"religion. Considered the greatest scholar of his day, he became the king's confidant and adviser. He brought his interest in libraries to the king's court. He was also a tutor to the king and his sons, teaching them liberal arts, theology and astrology. Charlemagne Charlemagne () or Charles the Great (, ; 2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor"
"honourable, without a trace of the demeaning or the humiliating."" Further, ""the mere word of the Gentleman of the Privy Chamber was sufficient evidence in itself of the king's will"", and the Groom of the Stool bore ""the indefinable charisma of the monarchy"". The office was exclusively one serving male monarchs, so on the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, it was replaced by the First Lady of the Bedchamber, first held by Kat Ashley. The office effectively came to an end when it was ""neutralised"" in 1559. On the accession of James I, the male office was"
"Edmund I Edmund I (, pronounced ; 921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 939 until his death. His epithets include ""the Elder"", ""the Deed-doer"", ""the Just"", and ""the Magnificent"". Edmund was the son of Edward the Elder and his third wife Eadgifu of Kent, and a grandson of Alfred the Great. His father died when he was young, and was succeeded by his oldest son Æthelstan. Edmund came to the throne upon the death of his half-brother in 939, apparently with little opposition. His reign was marked by almost constant warfare, including conquests or reconquests"
"the dignity of Archtreasurer of the Holy Roman Empire). Following the Acts of Union 1800, the royal arms were amended, dropping the French quartering. They became: Quarterly, I and IV England; II Scotland; III Ireland; overall an escutcheon of Hanover surmounted by an electoral bonnet. In 1816, after the Electorate of Hanover became a kingdom, the electoral bonnet was changed to a crown. George III of the United Kingdom George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two"
"I of Sicily, a Frenchman. Meanwhile, King Otakar II of Bohemia became the most powerful prince in Europe, expanding his territories through both warfare and inheritance. In other developments, both Iceland and Greenland accepted the overlordship of Norway, but Scotland was able to repulse a Norse invasion and broker a favorable peace settlement. In Spain, the Reconquista continued as several important cities were recaptured from the Moors. Political reforms were instituted in the election procedures of the pope and the doges of Venice, and the parliaments of Ireland and England met for the first time. Several important cultural achievements were"
"the ruling house of England. Edward the Elder was succeeded by his son Æthelstan, who Simon Keynes calls the ""towering figure in the landscape of the tenth century"". His victory over a coalition of his enemies – Constantine, King of the Scots, Owain ap Dyfnwal, King of the Cumbrians, and Olaf Guthfrithson, King of Dublin – at the battle of Brunanburh, celebrated by a famous poem in the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"", opened the way for him to be hailed as the first king of England. Æthelstan's legislation shows how the king drove his officials to do their respective duties. He was"
"on the spot by those present. A recent article re-examines Edmund's death and dismisses the later chronicle accounts as fiction. It suggests the king was the victim of a political assassination. Edmund's sister Eadgyth, the wife of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, died earlier the same year, as Flodoard's ""Annales"" for 946 report. Edmund was succeeded as king by his brother Eadred, king from 946 until 955. Edmund's sons later ruled England as: Edmund I Edmund I (, pronounced ; 921 – 26 May 946) was King of the English from 939 until his death. His epithets include ""the Elder"","
"George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. Known publicly as Albert until his accession, and ""Bertie"" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to"
"England. The epithet Carolus Magnus was widely used, leading to numerous translations into many languages of Europe. He was known in German as Karl der Große; Dutch, Karel de Grote; Danish/Norwegian/Swedish, Karl den Store; Italian, Carlo Magno; Catalan, Carlemany; Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian, Karlo Veliki; Czech, Karel Veliký; Slovak, Karol Veľký; Spanish, Carlomagno; Portuguese, Carlos Magno; and various others. Charles' achievements gave a new meaning to his name. In many European languages, the very word for ""king"" derives from his name; e.g., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . This development parallels"
"Virgil's original praise of a coming Golden Age of empire. Constantine III of Britain (6th century) was one of the legendary kings of Britain, having a slender historical basis; Constantine I of Scotland (5th century) was a mythical figure from the king-list of George Buchanan. Constantine I of the Picts (9th century) was a real historical figure. The main historical reference of the ""British Constantine"", however, from the 12th century to the 18th century, was the Roman Emperor Constantine I. This was the period in which the legend that Constantine was a British native was taken seriously, and had significance"
"Duke of York, and then later awarded to his grandson Prince Andrew, Duke of York. As king, he bore the royal arms undifferenced. George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. Known publicly as Albert until his accession, and ""Bertie"" among his family and close friends, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen"
"of the Garter, the Order of the Thistle, the Royal Victorian Order and the Order of Merit. Following Viking raids and settlement in the ninth century, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex emerged as the dominant English kingdom. Alfred the Great secured Wessex, achieved dominance over western Mercia, and assumed the title ""King of the English"". His grandson Æthelstan was the first king to rule over a unitary kingdom roughly corresponding to the present borders of England, though its constituent parts retained strong regional identities. The 11th century saw England become more stable, despite a number of wars with the Danes,"
"helmet of a dead Roman soldier was placed upon his head, and the soldier was honored with the title ""Gildhelm"", or ""golden helmet"". With the French the title was Guildhaume, and Since Guillaume. Latin Guielmus ""Helm"" could also refer to the golden diadem or crown of a king as was common in the later days of the Roman empire. The English ""William"" is taken from the Anglo-Norman language and was transmitted to England after the Norman Conquest in the 11th Century, and soon became the most popular name in England, along with other Norman names such as Robert (the English"
"in English rather than Latin, and improving his kingdom's legal system, military structure, and his people's quality of life. He was given the epithet ""the Great"" during and after the Reformation in the sixteenth century. The only other king of England given this epithet is Cnut the Great. In 2002, Alfred was ranked number 14 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. Alfred was born in the royal estate of Wantage, historically in Berkshire but now in Oxfordshire between 847 and 849. He was the youngest of five sons of King Æthelwulf of Wessex by his first wife,"