What type of bridge is the Forth Railway Bridge?
"on 4 March 1890 by the Duke of Rothesay, the future Edward VII. The bridge spans the Forth between the villages of South Queensferry and North Queensferry and has a total length of . When it opened it had the longest single cantilever bridge span in the world, until 1919 when the Quebec Bridge in Canada was completed. It continues to be the world's second-longest single cantilever span, with a span of . The bridge and its associated railway infrastructure are owned by Network Rail. Prior to the construction of the bridge, ferries were used to cross the Firth. In"
"the Forth Bridge, also built by Arrol. It was engineered by John Wolfe Barry and others. Originally, the bridge carried just the railway (a single track). In 1909, however, an additional train service started running between Connel Ferry station and on which road vehicles could be transported over the bridge. A single car was carried on a wagon hauled by a charabanc that had been adapted to run on rails at St. Rollox railway works in Glasgow. This service also called at North Connel station at the north end of the bridge. In 1914, a roadway was added to the"
"Forth Road Bridge The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge in east central Scotland. The bridge opened in 1964 and at the time was the largest suspension bridge in the world outside the USA. The bridge spans the Firth of Forth, connecting Edinburgh, at Queensferry, to Fife, at North Queensferry. It replaced a centuries-old ferry service to carry vehicular traffic, cyclists and pedestrians across the Forth; railway crossings are made by the nearby Forth Bridge, opened in 1890. The Scottish Parliament voted to scrap tolls on the bridge from February 2008. By that time, the bridge was carrying traffic"
"junction 1a (re-numbering the M9 spur). The crossing opened on 30 August 2017. Forth Road Bridge The Forth Road Bridge is a suspension bridge in east central Scotland. The bridge opened in 1964 and at the time was the largest suspension bridge in the world outside the USA. The bridge spans the Firth of Forth, connecting Edinburgh, at Queensferry, to Fife, at North Queensferry. It replaced a centuries-old ferry service to carry vehicular traffic, cyclists and pedestrians across the Forth; railway crossings are made by the nearby Forth Bridge, opened in 1890. The Scottish Parliament voted to scrap tolls on"
"and impressive milestone in bridge design and construction during the period when railways came to dominate long-distance land travel"". It is the sixth World Heritage Site to be inscribed in Scotland. In 2016, a VisitScotland survey voted the Forth Bridge ""Scotland's greatest man-made wonder"", beating off competition from Stirling Castle, the Caledonian Canal, the Scott Monument, Bell Rock Lighthouse, and Melrose Abbey. The Forth Bridge has appeared in representation on a 2004 one pound coin, issued by the Royal Mint. The Bridge has also featured on various banknotes including the 2007 series issued by the Bank of Scotland, which depicts"
"Company was named in the Transport Act 1947 as one of the bodies to be nationalised and so became part of British Railways on 1 January 1948. Under the Act, Forth Bridge shareholders would receive £109 of British Transport stock for each £100 of Forth Bridge Debenture stock; and £104-17-6d (£104.87½) of British Transport stock for each £100 of Forth Bridge Ordinary stock. As of April 2017, the bridge and its associated railway infrastructure are owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Limited. The bridge has a speed limit of for high-speed trains and diesel multiple units, for ordinary passenger trains and"
"of the bridge without a harness. The first episode of the UK television series ""Britain's Greatest Bridges"" featured the Forth Bridge and was aired on Spike UK on 12 January 2017. The location of the Forth Bridge has seen it featured in other cultural forms. In the build up to the Millennium celebrations a countdown clock sponsored by the Royal Bank of Scotland was attached to the top of the Bridge in 1998. Iain Banks wrote the novel ""The Bridge"", which is mainly set on a fictionalised version of the bridge, which links ""The City"" (Edinburgh) and ""The Kingdom"" (Fife)."
"but also the use of steel in the Forth Bridge, and the riveting method developed by Arrol to attach the girders to one another. The Forth Bridge is, even today, regarded as an engineering marvel. It is in length, and the double track is elevated 46 m (approx. 150 ft) above high tide. It consists of two main spans of , two side spans of 675 ft, 15 approach spans of , and five of . Each main span comprises two cantilever arms supporting a central span girder bridge. The three great four-tower cantilever structures are 340 ft (104 m)"
"was commissioned to create a print of the bridge and hold an exhibition of works portraying it. On 1 June 2015, Amey took over the maintenance and operating of the bridge on behalf of Transport Scotland from the Forth Estuary Transport Authority and are now called the Forth Bridges Unit. On 1 February 2018, the bridge became a Public Transport Corridor, with all approach roads in full operation. The bridge was closed between September and mid October 2017 for roadworks before partially reopening for public buses. The bridge's central main span is long, its two side spans are each long,"
"and carried out by Mowlem. 20,000 man-hours were worked during the period of closure, which coincided with a ""possession"" of the Forth Bridge. It has four main steel girder spans, supported by three sandstone piers. As well as the four steel spans, there is a stone arch at each end of the viaduct. The steel spans are long, and are at a skew of 70° The spans consist of twin truss girders sitting on the piers, and on top of the truss cross-girders supporting steel deck plates, with a ballasted track. The viaduct carries the line crossing the Forth Bridge,"
"goods traffic ran over the bridge; the route was shared, with each company having running powers over the other's line. All these lines closed in the period following 1950 when rail travel was waning, but the section between Stirling and Alloa has reopened in 2008, and carries a regular passenger service. Dunfermline and Stirling had long been centres of commerce, and of regional government, and of industry. Intermediately, the town of Alloa, also situated close to the Forth, was an important industrial centre, known for brewing, glass manufacture, woollen goods, and collieries. On the north side of the tract of"
"Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, KCMG, LLD, FRSE (15 July 1817 – 20 November 1898) was an English civil engineer specialising in the construction of railways and railway infrastructure. In the 1850s and 1860s, he was engineer for the world's first underground railway, London's Metropolitan Railway, built by the ""cut-and-cover"" method under city streets. In the 1880s, he was chief engineer for the Forth Railway Bridge, which opened in 1890. Fowler's was a long and eminent career, spanning most of the 19th century's railway expansion, and he was engineer, adviser or consultant to many British"
"to pierce the ridge [of a spur of the Ochil Hills] by a tunnel about 500 yards long... The cost of this railway, with that of the small Cowdenbeath section previously referred to ... will probably be about £220,000. The Forth Bridge was formally opened on 4 March 1890. However, the North British Railway had been slow in completing the approach railways, and they were not ready. Trains for the Forth Bridge from the south had to use the old single line from Ratho via Kirkliston. On the north side, none of the major improvements were complete, and the Burntisland"
"35% of the cost; the English Midland Railway contributed 30%, the North Eastern Railway 17.5% and the Great Northern Railway 17.5%. The Forth Bridge was opened on 4 March 1890, crossing from Dalmeny to North Queensferry. Railway branch lines had already been built to the respective shore locations in connection with the long-standing ferry, but these were unsuitable to form part of a trunk main line. The North British Railway built a new direct line from Saughton Junction (a few miles west of Edinburgh) to Dalmeny and from Inverkeithing (immediately north of North Queensferry) to Burntisland. The Granton to Burntisland"
"30% and the remainder came equally from the North Eastern Railway and the Great Northern Railway, who between them owned the route between and London (King's Cross), via . This body undertook to construct and maintain the bridge. In 1882 the NBR were given powers to purchase the bridge, which it never exercised. At the time of the 1923 Grouping, the bridge was still jointly owned by the same four railways, and so it became jointly owned by these companies' successors, the London Midland and Scottish Railway (30%) and the London and North Eastern Railway (70%). The Forth Bridge Railway"
"for freight trains. The route availability code is RA8, but freight trains above a certain size must not pass each other on the bridge. Up to 190–200 trains per day crossed the bridge in 2006. ""Painting the Forth Bridge"" is a colloquial expression for a never-ending task, coined on the erroneous belief that at one time in the history of the bridge repainting was required and commenced immediately upon completion of the previous repaint. Such a practice never existed, as weathered areas were given more attention, but there was a permanent maintenance crew. In 2011, the bridge was covered in"
"Forth Bridge approach railways The Forth Bridge approach railways were railway lines constructed in the period 1887 to 1890 to form new main lines on the opening of the Forth Railway Bridge. The Forth Bridge opened in 1890 at the Queensferry crossing, and only local branch lines approached the location. The North British Railway built new main lines and upgraded some existing lines. The increase in passenger traffic resulted in serious congestion at Edinburgh Waverley, which was extended and modernised in the years following 1890. In 1842 the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway opened its main line. It was an immediate"
"trains could run eastwards for a few miles before running on to another section of new route at Cowdenbeath giving access at Kelty South Junction to the old Kinross-shire Railway. The route then continued through Kinross on to the Fife and Kinross-shire line, diverging at Mawcarse on to the new Glenfarg route, and thence to Perth. All this was double track, and the relevant sections of the Kinross railways, which had been quiet backwaters, were doubled and upgraded to main line running standards. On 2 June 1890 the Forth Bridge was opened to through traffic, and on the same day"
"increasing the number of trains from 10 tph (trains per hour) to 12. History of the Forth Crossing The Firth of Forth was historically crossed by ferry until the opening of the Forth Bridge in 1890. It is possible that a boat bridge made of around 500 boats across the Forth could have been constructed by Septimius Severus and his son Caracalla during their campaign in Scotland . Divided in the middle by Inchgarvie, a bridge made of boats secured to long mooring ropes was within the capabilities of the Romans at the time, and with several tens of thousands"
"and Price. The partnership was to execute important projects such as the Queen Victoria Memorial at Liverpool and the Royal Scots War Memorial in St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. The nineteenth century saw some major engineering projects including Thomas Telford's stone Dean Bridge and iron Craigellachie Bridge. The most important was the Forth Bridge, a cantilever railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, 14 kilometres (9 mi) west of central Edinburgh. Construction of a suspension bridge designed by Thomas Bouch, was stopped after the collapse of another of his works, the Tay Bridge. The project was"
"waived for the frequent coal trains, provided two such trains do not simultaneously occupy the bridge. The route availability code is RA8, meaning any current UK locomotive can use the bridge, which was designed to accommodate heavier steam locomotives. Up to 190–200 trains per day crossed the bridge in 2006. A structure like the Forth Bridge needs constant maintenance and the ancillary works for the bridge included not only a maintenance workshop and yard but a railway ""colony"" of some fifty houses at Dalmeny Station. ""Painting the Forth Bridge"" is a colloquial term for a never-ending task (a modern rendering"
"Kincardine Bridge The Kincardine Bridge is a road bridge crossing the Firth of Forth from Falkirk council area to Kincardine, Fife, Scotland. The bridge was constructed between 1932 and 1936, to a design by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, Consulting Engineers, and Architect, Donald Watson. It was the first road crossing of the River Forth downstream of Stirling, completed nearly thirty years before the Forth Road Bridge, which stands to the south-east. The bridge was constructed with a swinging central section which remained in use until 1988, that would allow larger ships to sail upstream to the small port at"
"the construction of Forth Railway Bridge: Chief Engineer Arrol refers to the proprietor of the construction company, Sir William Arrol, whilst Engineers Baker and Fowler represent the two principal designers of the bridge, Sir Benjamin Baker and Sir John Fowler. The book references the author's Culture series, because the barbarian has, as a companion, an intelligent and sentient knife missile. The Bridge (novel) The Bridge is a novel by Scottish author Iain Banks. It was published in 1986. The book switches between three protagonists, John Orr, Alex, and the Barbarian. It is an unconventional love story. ""The road cleared the"
"September 1964. The ferry service was discontinued as of that date. The bridge's management was delegated to the FRBJB, and remained so until 2002 when its operation was transferred to a new body with a wider remit, the Forth Estuary Transport Authority. On 1 December 2010, the bridge was closed for the first time due to heavy snow. After several accidents meant snowploughs were unable to clear the carriageways, the bridge was closed in both directions at 6.40 a.m. and remained closed for several hours. As part of celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the bridge's operation, artist Kate Downie"
"the Forth Bridge were well advanced. Thomas Bouch had been responsible for both designs, and as his culpability in the fall of the Tay Bridge became exposed, the work on the Forth Bridge was suspended. A search for a new design was agreed upon, and the cost of the work was to be shared. The Forth Bridge Railway Company would construct the bridge, and the Company would be wholly owned by the North British Railway (30%), the Midland Railway (32.5%), the North Eastern Railway (18.75%) and the Great Northern Railway (18.75%). The North British Railway was to reapply for powers"
"Queensferry Crossing The Queensferry Crossing (formerly the Forth Replacement Crossing) is a road bridge in Scotland. It was built alongside the existing Forth Road Bridge and carries the M90 motorway across the Firth of Forth between Edinburgh, at South Queensferry, and Fife, at North Queensferry. Proposals for a second Forth Road crossing were first put forward in the 1990s. But no action was taken until structural issues were discovered in 2004. In 2006-2007 Transport Scotland carried out a study to examine the options and in December 2007, the decision was made to proceed with a replacement bridge. The following year"
"the Forth Bridge on the east coast of Scotland and the Army targeting London. None of the airships bombed their intended targets; 13 were killed, 24 injured and much of the £77,113 damage was caused by the destruction of a warehouse in Leith containing whisky. A two-Zeppelin raid the following night was prevented from bombing London by the weather and caused no casualties or damage, and another against the north of England on the night of 5-6 April had little effect: one of the three raiders turned back with mechanical problems, and although the iron works at Skinningrove and a"
"road work or strong wind. Traffic may also be directed to the sheltered carriageways on the lower deck when there are very strong winds. There are no pavements on the bridge. The bridge was designed by Mott MacDonald. The firm designed an early iteration of the bridge in 1982, with a two lane dual carriageway on the top deck, and a light railway on the lower deck. The bridge was redesigned beginning in 1989 to account for the three lane dual highway and the heavier airport railway. The designers were inspired by the Forth Bridge in Scotland and the Severn"
"to build the Glenfarg Line, upgrading the secondary lines through Kinross and connecting from Kinross to Perth, and to build from Inverkeithing to Burntisland to enable Fife coast trains to reach the bridge. New routes were required on the southern shore of the Forth as well, to connect Edinburgh and Glasgow more directly to the bridge. On 4 March 1890 the Forth Bridge was opened. Until that date the NBR had conveyed passengers and goods into Fife by ferry across the Firth of Forth. The opening of the bridge transformed the railway geography of Fife and the Lothians, but the"
"Inchgarvie Inchgarvie (occasionally ""Inch Garvie"") is a small, uninhabited island in the Firth of Forth. Its name comes from ""Innis Garbhach"" which is Scottish Gaelic for ""rough island"". On the rocks around the island sit four caissons that make up the foundations of the Forth Bridge. Inchgarvie’s fortifications pre-date the modern period. In the days when boats were the only way to cross the Firth of Forth, the island was on the main route between North Queensferry in Fife and South Queensferry in Lothian. This made it strategically important. Although now uninhabited, Inchgarvie has been inhabited throughout various periods of"
"years. However, this is dependant upon NR's inspection and refurbishment works programme for the bridge being carried out year on year"". The Forth Bridge has been featured in television programmes and films, including ""Carry On Regardless"", Alfred Hitchcock's 1935 film ""The 39 Steps"", and its 1959 remake. A.G. Barr used the bridge in posters advertising its soft drink Irn-Bru, with the slogan: ""Made in Scotland, from girders"". In 2005, the BBC lit the Bridge in red for Comic Relief. Also in 2005, Channel 4 documentary ""Jump Britain"" showed Sébastien Foucan, a French freerunner, crawling along one of the highest points"
"cast-iron construction were explored in the building of commercial warehouses in Glasgow. This adopted a round-arched Venetian style first used by Alexander Kirkland (1824–92) at the heavily ornamented 37–51 Miller Street (1854) and translated into iron in John Baird I's Gardner's Warehouse (1855–56), with an exposed iron frame and almost uninterrupted glazing. Most industrial buildings avoided this cast-iron aesthetic, like William Spence's (1806?–83) Elgin Engine Works built in 1856–58, using massive rubble blocks. The most important engineering project was the Forth Bridge, a cantilever railway bridge over the Firth of Forth in the east of Scotland, 14 kilometres (9 mi)"
"Clackmannanshire Bridge The Clackmannanshire Bridge is a road bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland which opened to traffic on 19 November 2008. Prior to 1 October 2008 the bridge was referred to as the upper Forth crossing while the name was chosen. The increasing levels of traffic using the existing Kincardine Bridge led to a public inquiry being held into options to ease traffic flow over the Forth and around the small town of Kincardine. The Kincardine Bridge was the main access across the river for heavy goods vehicles during stormy weather when the Forth Road Bridge would"