What gorge in the Ngorongoro area of Tanzania is considered the seat of humanity after the discovery of the earliest known specimens of modern man?
"an ecological burning program was implemented in the crater, which entails annual or biannual controlled burns of up to 20 percent of the grasslands. Maasai are now permitted to graze their cattle within the crater, but must enter and exit daily. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area also protects Oldurai or Olduvai Gorges , situated in the plains area. It is considered to be the seat of humanity after the discovery of the earliest known specimens of the human genus, ""Homo habilis "" as well as early hominidae, such as ""Paranthropus boisei"". The Olduvai Gorge is a steep-sided ravine in the Great"
"Olduvai Gorge The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological sites in the world; it has proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution. A steep-sided ravine in the Great Rift Valley that stretches across East Africa, it is about long, and is located in the eastern Serengeti Plains in the Arusha Region not far, about , from Laetoli, another important archaeological site of early human occupation. The British/Kenyan paleoanthropologist-archeologist team Mary and Louis Leakey established and developed the excavation and research programs at Olduvai Gorge which achieved great advances of human"
"hominid. ""This latest discovery of prehistoric tools and remains of hominids provides additional proof to the theory that the Great Rift Valley of Africa and perhaps the excavation site near Karonga can be considered the cradle of humankind."" Schrenk said. The site also contains some of the earliest dinosaurs which lived between 100 million and 140 million years ago and early hominids believed to have lived between a million and 6 million years ago. The discovery was at Malema excavation site from Karonga. In terms of more recent prehistory, Karonga has an abundance of Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological materials dating"
"Area, which contains Ngorongoro Crater and the Olduvai Gorge, where some of the oldest hominin fossils have been found. Serengeti The Serengeti () ecosystem is a geographical region in Africa. It is located in northern Tanzania. It spans approximately . The Serengeti hosts the second largest terrestrial mammal migration in the world, which helps secure it as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa, and as one of the ten natural travel wonders of the world. The Serengeti is also renowned for its large lion population and is one of the best places to observe prides in their natural"
"was a breakthrough discovery in Northern Tanzania by a scientist, from the University of Dar es Salaam, of footprints thought to be of a hominid that predates Homo sapiens. Close to the National Museum are also the botanical gardens, with tropical plants and trees. There are beaches on the Msasani peninsula north of Dar es Salaam and in Kigamboni to the south. Trips to the nearby islands of the Dar es Salaam Marine Reserve are a popular daytrip from the city and a spot for snorkeling, swimming and sunbathing. Bongoyo Island can be reached by boat from the Msasani Slipway."
"where conditions allowed for the formation and preservation of fossils. On 7 December 2005, South African President Thabo Mbeki opened the new Maropeng Visitors Centre at the site. Cradle of Humankind The Cradle of Humankind is a paleoanthropological site about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, in the Gauteng province. Declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, the site currently occupies and contains a complex of limestone caves. The registered name of the site in the list of World Heritage sites is ""Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa"". The Sterkfontein Caves were the site of the discovery of a"
"parties prefer the term ""Azania"". South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human-fossil sites in the world. Archaeologists have recovered extensive fossil remains from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area, a UNESCO World Heritage site, has been branded ""the Cradle of Humankind"". The sites include Sterkfontein, one of the richest sites for hominin fossils in the world. Other sites include Swartkrans, Gondolin Cave Kromdraai, Coopers Cave and Malapa. Raymond Dart identified the first hominin fossil discovered in Africa, the Taung Child (found near Taung) in 1924. Further hominin remains have come from the sites of"
"now mostly considered part of ""Homo"", include: ""Pithecanthropus"" (Dubois, 1894), ""Protanthropus"" (Haeckel, 1895), ""Sinanthropus"" (Black, 1927), ""Cyphanthropus"" (Pycraft, 1928) ""Africanthropus"" (Dreyer, 1935), ""Telanthropus"" (Broom & Anderson 1949), ""Atlanthropus"" (Arambourg, 1954), ""Tchadanthropus"" (Coppens, 1965). The genus ""Homo"" has been taken to originate some two millions ago since the discovery of stone tools in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, in the 1960s. ""Homo habilis"" (Leakey ""et al."", 1964) would be the first ""human"" species (member of genus ""Homo"") by definition, its type specimen being the OH 7 fossils. However, the discovery of more fossils of this type has opened up the debate on the"
"from a series of caves near Krugersdorp and Mokopane in South Africa. The cave sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai B, Drimolen, Malapa, Cooper's D, Gladysvale, Gondolin and Makapansgat have yielded a range of early human species dating back to between three and one million years ago, including ""Australopithecus africanus"", ""7Australopithecus sediba"" and ""Paranthropus robustus"". However, it is not generally thought that these early humans were living in the caves, but that they were brought into the caves by carnivores that had killed them. The first early hominid ever found in Africa, the Taung Child in 1924, was also thought for"
"Manot Cave Manot Cave ( ""Me'ara Manot"") is a cave in Western Galilee, Israel, discovered in 2008. It is notable for the discovery of a skull that belongs to a modern human, which is estimated to be 54,700 years old. The partial skull was discovered at the beginning of the cave's exploration in 2008. Its significance was realised after detailed scientific analysis, and was first published in an online edition of ""Nature"" on 28 January 2015. This age implies that the specimen is the oldest known human outside Africa, and is evidence that modern humans lived side-by-side with Neanderthals. The"
"Ethiopia is also considered one of the earliest sites of the emergence of anatomically modern humans, ""Homo sapiens"". The oldest of these local fossil finds, the Omo remains, were excavated in the southwestern Omo Kibish area and have been dated to the Middle Paleolithic, around 200,000 years ago. Additionally, skeletons of ""Homo sapiens idaltu"" were found at a site in the Middle Awash valley. Dated to approximately 160,000 years ago, they may represent an extinct subspecies of ""Homo sapiens"", or the immediate ancestors of anatomically modern humans. ""Homo sapiens"" fossils excavated at the Jebel Irhoud site in Morocco have since"
"the Tanganyika Territory. He became the first Englishman to describe the Ngorongoro Crater, a volcanic caldera in the Crater Highlands of what is now Tanzania, at that time the largest known crater in the world. In his ""The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo"" (1922), Barns was an early observer of mountain gorillas and reported that he had observed them living in large troops and that all such troops included at least two adult females with young of different ages. Some of Barns's expeditions to Africa were sponsored by James John Joicey, an amateur entomologist. One of these trips lasted a"
"eye color. Taforalt Taforalt or Grotte des Pigeons is a cave in northern Oujda, Morocco, and possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa (Humphrey ""et al."" 2012). It contained at least 34 Iberomaurusian adolescent and adult human skeletons, as well as younger ones, from the Upper Palaeolithic between 15,100 and 14,000 calendar years ago. There is archaeological evidence for Iberomaurusian occupation at the site between 22,100 and 12,600 calendar years ago, as well as evidence for Aterian occupation as old as 85,000 years. La Grotte des Pigeons is a cave in eastern Morocco near the village of Taforalt. Human occupation"
"thought was a baboon tooth at Laetoli in 1935 (which was not identified as afarensis until 1979), a fragment of hominid jaw with three teeth was found there by Kohl-Larsen in 1938–39, and in 1974–75 Mary Leakey recovered 42 teeth and several jawbones from the site. Mumba Cave in northern Tanzania includes a Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological sequence. The MSA represents the time period in Africa during which many archaeologists see the origins of modern human behavior. Reaching back about 10,000 years in the Later Stone Age, Tanzania is believed to have been populated"
"""Homo sapiens"" (human) remains found on the Australian continent. Lake Mungo is a dry lake located in south-eastern Australia, in the south-western portion of New South Wales. It is about due west of Sydney and north-east of Mildura, and 110 km north-west of Balranald. The lake is the central feature of Mungo National Park, and is one of seventeen lakes in the World Heritage listed Willandra Lakes Region. Sediments at Lake Mungo have been deposited over more than 100,000 years. There are three distinct layers of sands and soil forming the Walls around the edge of the lake. The oldest"
"Mumba Cave Mumba Cave, located near the highly alkaline Lake Eyasi in northern Tanzania, is a rich archaeological site noted for deposits spanning the transition between the Middle Stone Age and Late Stone Age in eastern Africa. The transitional nature of the site has been attributed to the large presence of its large assemblage of ostrich eggshell beads and more importantly, the abundance of microlith technology. Because these type artifacts were found within the site it has led archaeologists to believe that the site could provide insight into the origins of the modern human behavior. The cave was originally tested"
"Laetoli Laetoli is a site in Tanzania, dated to the Plio-Pleistocene and famous for its hominin footprints, preserved in volcanic ash. The site of the Laetoli footprints (Site G) is located 45 km south of Olduvai gorge. The location and tracks were discovered by archaeologist Mary Leakey in 1976, and were excavated by 1978. Based on analysis of the footfall impressions ""The Laetoli Footprints"" provided convincing evidence for the theory of bipedalism in Pliocene hominins and received significant recognition by scientists and the public. Since 1998, paleontological expeditions have continued under the leadership of Dr. Amandus Kwekason of the National"
"Gobero The Gobero archaeological site, dating to approximately 8000 BCE, is the oldest known graveyard in the Sahara Desert. The site contains important information for archaeologists on how early humans adapted to a constantly changing environment. Gobero is located in the Ténéré desert of Niger, and is named after the Tuareg name for the region. It is the type site of the Holocene era Kiffian culture and Tenerian culture. The area was once the location of a freshwater paleolake named Gobero, approximately 3 km in diameter and, 3 m in depth. There are eight sites that make up Gobero: G1,"
"pollen evidence found at the probable family burial, suggesting that flowers decorated the grave. Gobero The Gobero archaeological site, dating to approximately 8000 BCE, is the oldest known graveyard in the Sahara Desert. The site contains important information for archaeologists on how early humans adapted to a constantly changing environment. Gobero is located in the Ténéré desert of Niger, and is named after the Tuareg name for the region. It is the type site of the Holocene era Kiffian culture and Tenerian culture. The area was once the location of a freshwater paleolake named Gobero, approximately 3 km in diameter"
"Rift Valley, which stretches along eastern Africa. Olduvai is in the eastern Serengeti Plains in northern Tanzania and is about long. It lies in the rain shadow of the Ngorongoro highlands and is the driest part of the region. The gorge is named after 'Oldupaai', the Maasai word for the wild sisal plant, ""Sansevieria ehrenbergii"". It is one of the most important prehistoric sites in the world and research there has been instrumental in furthering understanding of early human evolution. Excavation work there was pioneered by Mary and Louis Leakey in the 1950s and is continued today by their family."
"Taforalt Taforalt or Grotte des Pigeons is a cave in northern Oujda, Morocco, and possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa (Humphrey ""et al."" 2012). It contained at least 34 Iberomaurusian adolescent and adult human skeletons, as well as younger ones, from the Upper Palaeolithic between 15,100 and 14,000 calendar years ago. There is archaeological evidence for Iberomaurusian occupation at the site between 22,100 and 12,600 calendar years ago, as well as evidence for Aterian occupation as old as 85,000 years. La Grotte des Pigeons is a cave in eastern Morocco near the village of Taforalt. Human occupation and natural"
"by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a World Heritage Site in 1979. The criteria cited for this recognition include: (1) crucial evidence found within the NCA about human evolution and human-environment dynamics (this criterion added in 2010); (2) the ""stunning landscape"" of Ngorongoro Crater, the largest unbroken caldera in the world; (3) the NCA's large concentration of wildlife, including 25,000 large animals; and (4) the NCA's variations in climate, landforms and altitude, resulting in several overlapping ecosystems and distinct habitats. The faunal diversity of wild life in Tanzania in its national parks and game reserves is"
"a major wellspring of human genetic diversity, but allow a much greater role for hybridization. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The southern part of East Africa was occupied until recent times by Khoisan hunter-gatherers, whereas in the Ethiopian Highlands the donkey and such crop plants as teff allowed the beginning of agriculture around 7,000 B.C. Lowland barriers and diseases carried by the tsetse fly, however, prevented the donkey"
"myth suggest that this caused an emission of poisonous gasses (which we now know could be linked to an Limnic eruption) while others claim that there is a 12 headed snake which protects the treasure and comes out to the surface on sunny days. Whether there ever was treasure remains a mystery. Lake Ngozi Lake Ngozi is the second largest crater lake in Africa. It can be found near Tukuyu, a small town in the highland Rungwe District, Mbeya Region, of southern Tanzania in East Africa. It is part of the Poroto Ridge and part of the caldera rim is"
"Ledi-Geraru The Ledi-Geraru Research Project is located in northeastern Ethiopia between the river basins of the Awash and the Mille. The oldest fossil from the human genus ""Homo"", the mandible known as LD 350-1, was found at this site in 2013. The fossil was discovered by Chalachew Seyoum, an Ethiopian graduate student in the Institute of Human Origins at Arizona State University. This site is just a dozen miles from where Lucy was discovered in 1974. The first field expedition to the area was conducted in 2002 after earlier research in 1972-1974. A fossilized hippopotamus mandible was also found at"
"Hans Reck Hans Gottfried Reck (24 January 1886 – 4 August 1937) was a German volcanologist and paleontologist. In 1913 he was the first to discover the ancient skeleton of a human in the Olduvai Gorge, in what is now Tanzania. He collaborated with Louis Leakey in a return expedition to the site in 1931. Reck was born into a military family in Würzburg, Bavaria on 24 January 1886. He attended the universities of Wurzburg and Berlin, where he studied natural history and became deeply interested in volcanoes. In the summer of 1907 the geologist Walther von Knebel, a friend"
"Lomekwi in the Turkana Basin, Kenya, and Olduvai Gorge farther south in modern-day Tanzania. The earliest hominids were discovered in Ethiopia and titled ""Ardipithecus ramidus"". The diverging species of hominin are known as australopithecines and were first discovered in Olduvai. Australopithecines and their fossils include ""Paranthropus boisei"", the most famous being know and “Zinj” or “Nutcracker man” by Mary Leakey, the archaeologist who found it. Another older, famous australopithecine, related to those found at Olduvai Gorge but found approximately 2000 kilometers to the north east in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, is Lucy, who was discovered by Donald Johanson and"
"same area. Ledi-Geraru The Ledi-Geraru Research Project is located in northeastern Ethiopia between the river basins of the Awash and the Mille. The oldest fossil from the human genus ""Homo"", the mandible known as LD 350-1, was found at this site in 2013. The fossil was discovered by Chalachew Seyoum, an Ethiopian graduate student in the Institute of Human Origins at Arizona State University. This site is just a dozen miles from where Lucy was discovered in 1974. The first field expedition to the area was conducted in 2002 after earlier research in 1972-1974. A fossilized hippopotamus mandible was also"
"Cradle of Humankind The Cradle of Humankind is a paleoanthropological site about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa, in the Gauteng province. Declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, the site currently occupies and contains a complex of limestone caves. The registered name of the site in the list of World Heritage sites is ""Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa"". The Sterkfontein Caves were the site of the discovery of a 2.3-million-year-old fossil ""Australopithecus africanus"" (nicknamed ""Mrs. Ples""), found in 1947 by Robert Broom and John T. Robinson. The find helped corroborate the 1924 discovery of the juvenile ""Australopithecus"
"appeared soon after this, penetrating as far south as Zambia. African archaeology Africa has the longest record of human habitation in the world. The first hominins emerged 6-7 million years ago, and among the earliest anatomically modern human skulls found so far were discovered at Omo Kibish. European archaeology, as well as that of North Africa, is generally divided into the Stone Age (comprising the Lower Paleolithic, the Middle Paleolithic, the Upper Paleolithic, the Mesolithic, and the Neolithic), the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. For Africa south of the Sahara, African archaeology is classified in a slightly different way,"
"while also having the reputation as one of the great natural wonders of the world. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area, established in 1959, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and inhabited by the Maasai people. Its Ngorongoro Crater is the largest intact caldera in the world. The national parks are also part of the wetlands of Tanzania. The wild animals tend to be closer to the wetlands, particularly the water loving species such as the hippopotamus, waterbuck, common warthog, elephant, crocodile, sitatunga as well as water birds such as flamingoes and ducks. Since the colonial era, wildlife conservation in Tanzania has"
"the opening address to the 44th Nobel Conference at the Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota, on 7 October 2008. His lecture, ‘The African Evidence for the Origins of Modern Human Behavior’ explained his thesis that the climate, vegetation and geography of the Mossel Bay area provided perfect living conditions for the core population of about 600 individuals who were the progenitors of modern humankind. The Cape St Blaize Cave is situated directly under the Cape St. Blaize Lighthouse, is the site of one of South Africa’s oldest archaeological excavations. It was first excavated in 1888 by George Leith,"
"of the Gona Paleoanthropological Research Project; he found the recently resurfaced fossil in a small erosion gully that empties into the Gawis river drainage basin in the Afar Region, some 300 miles northeast of Addis Ababa. The skull is a nearly complete cranium of what is believed to be a Middle Pleistocene human ancestor. While different from a modern human, the braincase, upper face and jaw of the cranium have unmistakable anatomical evidence that belong to human ancestry. The discovery was reported by Sileshi Semaw, director of the Gona Project at the Stone Age Institute. Semaw noted the skull fossil"