You've surely heard about the Stockholm syndrome. But what is the opposite of this condition where the hostage takers become more sympathetic to the hostages? It is named after a South American city where it was observed after the Japanese Embassy hostage crisis in 1996.
"empathy for her abusers. Stockholm syndrome Stockholm syndrome is a condition that causes hostages to develop a psychological alliance with their captors as a survival strategy during captivity. These alliances, resulting from a bond formed between captor and captives during intimate time spent together, are generally considered irrational in light of the danger or risk endured by the victims. The FBI's Hostage Barricade Database System and Law Enforcement Bulletin shows that roughly 8% of victims show evidence of Stockholm syndrome. This term was first used by foreign media in 1973 as eponym when four hostages were taken during a bank"
"television or radio. Seen in social phobia, depression, delusional disorder and in schizophrenia where they are often present up to a delusional extent. The Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response sometimes seen in a hostage, in which the hostage exhibits loyalty to the hostage-taker, in spite of the danger (or at least risk) in which the hostage has been placed. Stockholm syndrome is also sometimes discussed in reference to other situations with similar tensions, such as battered person syndrome, child abuse cases, and bride kidnapping. (also spelled synæsthesia, synaesthesia, or synesthesia—plural synesthesiae), from the Greek ""syn-"" meaning union and ""aesthesis"""
"will be perceived as fake, they eventually begin to believe that their positive sentiments are genuine. The conception of Stockholm syndrome has grown to include victims of kidnappings or hostage instances, domestic or child abuse, human trafficking, incest, prisoners of war, political terrorism, cult members, concentration camp prisoners, slaves, and prostitutes. It is believed that women are especially prone to developing the condition. Typically, Stockholm syndrome develops in captives when they engage in ""face-to-face contact"" with their captors, and when captors make captives doubt the likelihood of their survival by terrorizing them into ""helpless, powerless, and submissive"" states. This enables"
"admiring letters from women who found him attractive. (The woman he later got engaged to was not, as some state, one of the former hostages.) Following his release, he is alleged to have committed further crimes. After having been on the run from Swedish authorities for ten years for alleged financial crimes, he turned himself in to police in 2006—only to be told that the charges were no longer being actively pursued. The hostages sympathized with their captors, which has led to academic interest in the matter. The term Stockholm syndrome was coined by criminologist Nils Bejerot. The hostages, although"
"identify herself as Jaycee Dugard. It was later suggested that Dugard was beginning to show signs of Stockholm syndrome. In a 2016 interview with Diane Sawyer of ABC News, Dugard stated that her compassion and willingness to interact with her captor were only means of surviving. Dugard: ""The phrase [Stockholm Syndrome] implies that hostages cracked by terror and abuse become affectionate towards their captors."" ""Well it's, really, it's degrading, you know, having my family believe that I was in love with this captor and wanted to stay with him. I mean, that is so far from the truth that it"
"hostage-taking. Actions and attitudes similar to those suffering from Stockholm syndrome have also been found in victims of sexual abuse, human trafficking, discrimination, terror, and political and religious oppression. In 1973, Jan-Erik Olsson, a convict on parole, took four employees of the bank (three women and one man) hostage during a failed bank robbery in Kreditbanken, one of the largest banks in Stockholm, Sweden. He negotiated the release from prison of his friend Clark Olofsson to assist him. They held the hostages captive for six days (23–28 August) in one of the bank’s vaults. When they were released, none of"
"pre-existing mental illnesses are at a higher risk for developing psychiatric symptoms. Some common behaviours are self-mutilation, suicidal tendencies, and psychosis. A psychopathological condition identified as ""SHU syndrome"" has been observed among such prisoners. Symptoms are characterized as problems with concentration and memory, distortions of perception, and hallucinations. Most convicts suffering from SHU syndrome exhibit extreme generalized anxiety and panic disorder, with some suffering amnesia. The psychological syndrome known as Stockholm syndrome, describes a paradoxical phenomenon where, over time, hostages develop positive feelings towards their captors. The founding of ethnographic prison sociology as a discipline, from which most of the"
"syndrome, where sometimes hostages can develop a sympathetic rapport with their captors. If this helps keep them safe from harm, this is considered to be a good thing, but there have been cases where hostages have tried to shield the captors during an assault or refused to cooperate with the authorities in bringing prosecutions. The 1993 police siege on the Branch Davidian church in Waco, Texas, lasted 51 days, an atypically long police siege. Unlike traditional military sieges, police sieges tend to last for hours or days, rather than weeks, months, or years. In Britain, if the siege involves perpetrators"
"and sympathy for their causes and goals, and negative feelings toward the police or authorities"". These symptoms often follow escaped victims back into their previously ordinary lives. From a psychoanalytic lens, it can be argued that Stockholm syndrome arises strictly as a result of survival instincts. Strentz states, ""the victim’s need to survive is stronger than his impulse to hate the person who has created the dilemma."" A positive emotional bond between captor and captive is a ""defense mechanism of the ego under stress"". These sentimental feelings are not strictly for show, however. Since captives often fear that their affection"
"as a psychological condition. It is possible that the label Stockholm syndrome is used too freely in cases in which it may not apply. Elizabeth Smart has been held as a classic example of Stockholm syndrome; however, she denies that she ever had any emotional attachment to her abusers. Although she chose not to run away when she had the chance, she emphasized that the threats from her captors to her and her family, and the direct presence of her captors influenced her decision to stay. Once freed from her captors, she gladly reunited with her family and felt no"
"captors to appear merciful when they perform acts of kindness or fail to ""beat, abuse, or rape"" the victims. Ideas like ""dominance hierarchies and submission strategies"" assist in devising explanations for the illogical reasoning behind the symptoms of those suffering from Stockholm syndrome as a result of any oppressive relationship. Partial activation of the capture-bonding psychological trait may lie behind battered woman syndrome, military basic training, fraternity hazing, and sex practices such as sadism/masochism or bondage/discipline. Evolutionarily speaking, research evidence exists to support the genuine scientific nature of Stockholm syndrome. Responses similar to those in human captives have been detected"
"them would testify against either captor in court; instead they began raising money for their defense. Nils Bejerot, a Swedish criminologist and psychiatrist coined the term after Stockholm police asked him for assistance with analyzing the victims' reactions to the 1973 bank robbery and their status as hostages. As the idea of brainwashing was not a new concept, Bejerot, speaking on ""a news cast after the captives' release"" instinctively reduced the hostages' reactions to a result of being brainwashed by their captors. He called it ""Norrmalmstorgssyndromet"", meaning ""The Norrmalmstorg Syndrome""; it later became known outside of Sweden as the Stockholm"
"States. Some reported physical symptoms of what they believed to be anthrax. Also in 2001, a man sprayed what was later found to be a window cleaner into a subway station in Maryland. Thirty-five people were treated for nausea, headaches and sore throats. Refugee children in Sweden have been known to fall into coma-like states on learning their families will be deported. The condition, known as resignation syndrome (), is believed to only exist among the refugee population in the Scandinavian country, where it has been prevalent since the early part of the 21st century. Commentators state ""a degree of"
"These units were formed in the wake of two major incidents. On 23 August 1973, a robbery in Stockholm devolved into a hostage-taking situation and subsequent six-day siege by the police. The phrase ""Stockholm syndrome"" was coined by the criminologist and psychiatrist Nils Bejerot in connection with the protracted siege, as a state where hostages start to sympathize with their captor. One and a half years later the Red Army Faction occupied the West German Embassy in Stockholm, killing two hostages. Subsequently, the units were formed in 1979 as the regular police force were deemed insufficiently trained and ill-equipped to"
"dependence at the Swedish National Medical Research Council, and then a reader in Social Medicine at the Karolinska Institute. In 1963, Bejerot studied epidemiology and medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, on a grant from the World Health Organization. In 1973, he served as a psychiatric advisor during the Norrmalmstorg robbery, and coined the term ""Stockholm Syndrome"" to refer to the way in which the hostages become grateful to the hostage-takers. The term has since become heavily used. In 1975, Bejerot became an associate professor on a doctoral thesis about drug abuse and drug policy"
"and described the condition in an initial publication, these are referred to as ""eponymous syndromes"". In some cases, diseases are named after the patient who initially presents with symptoms, or their home town (Stockholm syndrome). There have been isolated cases of patients being eager to have their syndromes named after them, while their physicians are hesitant. When a syndrome is named after a person, there is some difference of opinion as to whether it should take the possessive form or not (Down syndrome vs. Down's syndrome). North American usage has tended to favor the non-possessive form, while European references often"
"teller while his accomplice, an 18-year-old female, stuffed over $2,000 into a bag. A third accomplice drove the getaway car. The three were captured shortly after video footage of the robbery aired on national news. In 1973, four hostages were taken during the Norrmalmstorg robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. After their release, the hostages defended their captors and refused to testify against them. This led to an academic interest in a phenomenon soon after referred to as Stockholm Syndrome wherein hostages, during captivity, paradoxically form a sympathetic bond with their captors as a survival strategy. Jesse James, (September 5, 1847 –"
"Norrmalmstorg robbery The Norrmalmstorg robbery was a bank robbery and hostage crisis best known as the origin of the term Stockholm syndrome. It occurred at the Norrmalmstorg square in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1973, and was the first criminal event in Sweden covered by live television. Jan-Erik Olsson, a convicted criminal on leave from prison, held up a bank, taking four hostages. During the ensuing crisis, the police agreed to bring his friend Clark Olofsson to the bank, and the two bonded with the hostages, who acted to protect their captors, despite being repeatedly threatened by them. After the police mounted"
"concept of reaction formation has been used to explain responses to external threats as well as internal anxieties. In the phenomenon described as Stockholm Syndrome, a hostage or kidnap victim 'falls in love' with the feared and hated person who has complete power over them. Similarly paradoxical reports exist of powerless and vulnerable inmates of Nazi camps creating 'favourites' among the guards and even collecting objects discarded by them. The mechanism of reaction formation is often characteristic of obsessional neuroses. When this mechanism is overused, especially during the formation of the ego, it can become a permanent character trait. This"
"ultimately undermines Israel's very survival."" The Oslo Syndrome The Oslo Syndrome: Delusions of a People Under Siege is a 2005 book by Kenneth Levin, a psychiatrist with doctorate in history. The book applies psychiatric insights to the Arab-Israel conflict by arguing that Israel's reaction to Arab hostility is a corollary of the Stockholm syndrome in which hostages come to identify and empathize with their captors. Originally published in English, the ""Oslo Syndrome"" has been translated into Hebrew. According to Professor Ron Shleifer of Ariel University, Levin, a psychiatrist, compares the acceptance of the Oslo Accords by the Israeli public to"
"threatened by Olsson never became violent toward the police or each other. In 1996, Jan-Erik Olsson moved to northeastern Thailand with his Thai wife and son, and moved back to Sweden in 2013. Olsson's autobiography ""Stockholms-syndromet"" was published in Sweden in 2009. The 40th anniversary of the Norrmalmstorg robbery occurred on 23 August 2013, with newspapers interviewing involved individuals and television covering the anniversary. The general concept of Stockholm syndrome, and the term ""Stockholm syndrome"" itself, have been referred to numerous times in popular culture. Norrmalmstorg robbery The Norrmalmstorg robbery was a bank robbery and hostage crisis best known as"
"called the Western Addition Project Area Committee be put in charge of the food distribution, 100,000 bags of groceries were handed out at 16 locations across four counties between February 26 and the end of March. The FBI was conducting an unsuccessful search, and the SLA took refuge in a number of safe houses. Hearst later claimed she was subjected to a series of ordeals while in SLA captivity that her mother would later describe as ""brainwashing"". The change in Hearst's politics has been attributed to Stockholm syndrome, a psychological response in which a hostage exhibits apparent loyalty to the"
"Paris syndrome Paris syndrome (, , ""Pari shōkōgun"") is a condition exhibited by some individuals when visiting or going on vacation to Paris, as a result of extreme shock derived from their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be. The syndrome is characterized by a number of psychiatric symptoms such as acute delusional states, hallucinations, feelings of persecution (perceptions of being a victim of prejudice, aggression, or hostility from others), derealization, depersonalization, anxiety, and also psychosomatic manifestations such as dizziness, tachycardia, sweating, and others, such as vomiting. Similar syndromes include Jerusalem syndrome and Stendhal syndrome."
"The Oslo Syndrome The Oslo Syndrome: Delusions of a People Under Siege is a 2005 book by Kenneth Levin, a psychiatrist with doctorate in history. The book applies psychiatric insights to the Arab-Israel conflict by arguing that Israel's reaction to Arab hostility is a corollary of the Stockholm syndrome in which hostages come to identify and empathize with their captors. Originally published in English, the ""Oslo Syndrome"" has been translated into Hebrew. According to Professor Ron Shleifer of Ariel University, Levin, a psychiatrist, compares the acceptance of the Oslo Accords by the Israeli public to Battered child syndrome, in which"
"Specified'. The work was updated in 2013, but Stockholm syndrome was not present. Researchers have found that although there is a lot of media coverage of Stockholm syndrome, there has not been a lot of professional research into the phenomena. What little research has been done is often contradictory and does not always agree on what Stockholm syndrome is. The term has grown beyond kidnappings to all kinds of abuse. Also, there is no clear definition of symptoms to ‘diagnose’ the ‘syndrome’. A report by the FBI found that only 8% of kidnapping victims showed signs of Stockholm syndrome. The"
"psychopathology becomes psychotic after arriving in Jerusalem. The psychosis is characterised by an intense religious theme and typically resolves to full recovery after a few weeks or after being removed from the area. The religious focus of Jerusalem syndrome distinguishes it from other phenomena, such as Stendhal syndrome in Florence or Paris syndrome for Japanese tourists. In a 2000 article in the ""British Journal of Psychiatry"", Bar-El et al. claim to have identified and described a specific syndrome which emerges in tourists with no previous psychiatric history. However, this claim has been disputed by M. Kalian and E. Witztum. Kalian"
"by luring them into the business through force and coercion, but more often through false promises of love, security, and protection. This form of coercion works to recruit and initiate the victim into the life of a sex worker, while also reinforcing a ""trauma bond"", also known as Stockholm syndrome. Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response where the victim becomes attached to his or her perpetrator. The goal of a trafficker is to turn a human being into a slave. To do this, perpetrators employ tactics that can lead to the psychological consequence of learned helplessness for the victims, where"
"sensational nature of dramatic cases causes the public to perceive this phenomenon as the rule rather than the exception. For Stockholm syndrome to happen, FBI researchers have identified three key factors: the passage of time, continual contact, and small acts of kindness without direct and persistent abuse. Robbins and Anthony, who had historically studied a condition similar to Stockholm syndrome, known as destructive cult disorder, observed in their 1982 study that the 1970s were rich with apprehension surrounding the potential risks of brainwashing. They assert that brainwashing’s media attention during this time resulted in the fluid reception of Stockholm syndrome"
"often target people who post things that indicate that they are depressed, have low self-esteem or are angry with their parents. Traffickers also use social media posts to establish patterns and track the locations of potential victims. After the victim has joined the offender, various techniques are used to restrict the victim's access to communication with home, such as imposing physical punishment unless the victim complies with the trafficker's demands and making threats of harm and even death to the victim and their family. Sometimes, the victims will succumb to the Stockholm Syndrome because their captors will pretend to ""love"""
"causing giddiness and shortness of breath, which results in hallucinations in the manner similar to the Stendhal syndrome described by Italian psychiatrist Graziella Magherini in her book ""La sindrome di Stendhal"". Japanese visitors are observed to be especially susceptible. It was first noted in ""Nervure"", the French journal of psychiatry, in 2004. From the estimated six million yearly visitors, the number of reported cases is not large: according to an administrator at the Japanese embassy in France, around 20 Japanese tourists a year are affected by the syndrome. Mario Renoux, the president of the Franco-Japanese Medical Association, states in ""Libération""':"
"Jailhouse Jesus Jailhouse Jesus is the colloquial term for an observed psychological phenomenon of new inmates to 'find religion' during their (usually first) incarceration. It is closely related to Stockholm Syndrome and is a Stress Induced Behavioral Disorder. Whether it comes from a genuine desire to ""repent"", an appeal to authority, or other factors is a subject for debate. In 1993 the Congress of the United States passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act after a 1990 decision in Employment Division V. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 which gave the state the power to deny unemployment to individuals who violate the state"
"was removed as a recognized specific diagnosis, and redefined as a significant symptom of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Survivor guilt was first identified during the 1960s. Several therapists recognized similar if not identical conditions among Holocaust survivors. Similar signs and symptoms have been recognized in survivors of traumatic situations including combat, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, air-crashes and wide-ranging job layoffs. A variant form has been found among rescue and emergency services personnel who blame themselves for doing too little to help those in danger, and among therapists, who may feel a form of guilt in the face of their"
"take the perspective of the abuser, rather than victim's perspective. The syndrome is named after the Norrmalmstorg robbery of Kreditbanken at Norrmalmstorg, Stockholm, Sweden, in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage and the victims became emotionally attached to their victimisers, and even defended their captors after they were freed from their six-day ordeal. The video shows the band members in an infrared filter, playing the song. In concert, the song is often played teamed with ""Plug In Baby"" as the two songs have similar tempos. One example of this is during the second Wembley performance. However, during The"