What European ethnicity marks the anniversary of the Battle of the Golden Spurs (1302) fought in Flanders as its official holiday?
"of the cities of Lille, Douai and Béthune, which were transferred to France, and the paying of exorbitant fines to King Philip IV. Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle (or Pevelenberg) was fought on 18 August 1304 between the French and the Flemish. The French were led by King Philip IV ""the Fair"" in person. The French King wanted revenge for the defeat in Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302, after which the Flemish had retaken Douai and Lille. By the beginning of 1304, the French king was ready to attack the Flemish rebels. While the French army,"
"Battle of the Golden Spurs The Battle of the Golden Spurs (; ), also known as the Battle of Courtrai, was fought between the Kingdom of France and the County of Flanders at Kortrijk (Courtrai in French) in modern-day Belgium on 11 July 1302. On 18 May 1302, after two years of French occupation and several years of unrest, the people of Flanders revolted against French rule and massacred many Frenchmen in the Belgian city of Bruges. King Philip IV of France immediately organized an expedition of 8,000 troops, including 2,500 men-at-arms, under Count Robert II of Artois to put"
"Matins of Bruges The Matins of Bruges (Flemish: ""Brugse Metten"") was the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges on 18 May 1302 by the members of the local Flemish militia. It has been named ""Matins"" (after a monastic liturgy) in analogy to the Sicilian Vespers of 1282. The revolt led to the Battle of the Golden Spurs, which saw the Flemish militia defeat French troops on 11 July 1302. Bruges had had the exclusive rights for the importation of sheep's wool from England. This trade was in the hands of the bourgeois but when Edward I began to"
"weaving the wool of neighbouring lands into cloth for both domestic use and export. As a consequence, a very sophisticated culture developed, with impressive achievements in the arts and architecture, rivaling those of northern Italy. Ghent, Bruges, Ypres and the Franc of Bruges formed the Four Members, a form of parliament that exercised considerable power in Flanders. Increasingly powerful from the 12th century, the territory's autonomous urban communes were instrumental in defeating a French attempt at annexation (1300–1302), finally defeating the French in the Battle of the Golden Spurs (11 July 1302), near Kortrijk. Two years later, the uprising was"
"The two forces clashed on 11 July in an open field near the city in a battle that became known as the Battle of the Golden Spurs. The French cavalry charge was stopped by the tactically sound position of the Flemish militia and the muddy terrain and many French knights were slaughtered. This battle returned full independence to Flanders for the next two years. Two attempts by the French King to take revenge for this embarrassing defeat were averted by a Flemish army under William of Jülich, the second time in the bloody Battle of Arques (1303). In the meantime"
"the Virgin of Flanders, who points with one hand towards defeated France, whilst holding in the other the Flemish Lion. Groeninge Monument The Groeninge Monument is a monument in the Belgian city of Kortrijk. The gilded statue was inaugurated to commemorate the 600th anniversary of the Battle of the Golden Spurs. The statue is situated in the Groeningepark, where during the Middle Ages the Groeninge battlefield was situated. In this park one can also find the Groeningegate, a triumphal arch, which gives access to the park. The Groeninge Monument was designed by sculptor Godfried Devreese. It was planned to be"
"of Flemish and Namur petty nobles and many commoners, was later famously called the Battle of the Golden Spurs. In 1309, together with Jan Breydel and Jan Heem, he led a new uprising in Bruges, this time against the adverse effects (for Flanders) of the peace of Athis-sur-Orge (1305). In 1321 he again took part in an uprising in Bruges. As a punishment all his possessions were confiscated and sold. Pieter de Coninck was married twice. He died in 1332 or 1333. Together with Jan Breydel he has a statue on the market of Bruges. It was put up in"
"told in every Belgian school. After the German invasion of Belgium in 1914, King Albert I of Belgium appealed to his soldiers to resist the powerful German war-machine using the phrase: ""Flemings, remember the Battle of the Golden Spurs, Walloons, remember the 600 Franchimontois!"". When the French Community of Belgium was created, the day of the battle, October 29 was considered as a French Community Holiday. All of this makes it very difficult to distinguish truth from fiction. Recent historians have established that the attack did not go over the Bueren stairs, but through the Saint Margaret gate. The number"
"in 1314, and the Flemings used their ""geldon"" long spear to absorb the attack of French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302, before other troops in the Flemish formation counterattacked the stalled knights with goedendags. Both battles were seen by contemporaries as stunning victories of commoners over superbly equipped, mounted, military professionals, where victory was owed to the use of the pike and the brave resistance of the commoners who wielded them. These formations were essentially immune to the attacks of mounted men-at-arms as long as the knights obligingly threw themselves on the spear wall and"
"taxes, occupation by foreigners, denial of sovereign rights, the French arrogance, ... King Edward I of England was in theory on their side, but he did nothing when Count of Flanders Guy of Dampierre was set to prison. Patricians on the other hand were on the side of the French King Philip IV. So there were two double coalitions: French King and Flemish Patricians (rich) against Flemish Count and Flemish Craftsmen (poor). The latter started the Bruges Matins and won the battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302, but the former took revenge in 1304; Though the battle between a"
"achieve military success. With a rising interest in Medieval history during the 19th century and the rise of Romanticism in art and literature, interest in the Medieval history of modern-day Belgium grew among nationalists. According to the historian Jo Tollebeek, this was because ""it was a period that could be linked with the most important contemporary aspirations"" of romantic nationalism. The Battle of the Golden Spurs was the subject of an ""extensive cult"" in 19th and 20th century Flanders. After Belgian independence in 1830, the battle served as a way of evoking local pride in Flanders. The battle was painted"
"south of Kortrijk. Kortrijk originated from a Gallo-Roman town, ""Cortoriacum"", at a crossroads near the Leie river and two Roman roads. In the Middle Ages, Kortrijk grew significantly thanks to the flax and wool industry with France and England and became one of the biggest and richest cities in Flanders. The city is often referred to as City of Groeninge or City of the Golden Spurs, referring to the Battle of Courtrai or the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place on 11 July 1302 on the Fields of Groeninge in Kortrijk. In 1820, the Treaty of Kortrijk was"
"wealthy cities against the French knights during the ""Guldensporenslag"" or Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk (Courtrai) on 11 July 1302; however, on account of superior but more expensive alternatives, it saw limited service from the fifteenth century on, being used exclusively by the Flemish ""burgers."" The goedendag was used to spear horses or knights, but little is certain about its precise mode of use. Morning star (weapon) A morning star is any of several medieval club-like weapons consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes. Each used, to varying degrees, a combination"
"the Fair’s knights took place near Kortrijk on 11 July, resulting in a victory for Flanders. This date is now remembered as a national holiday by the whole Flemish community. Following a new uprising by the Flemish in 1323, but this time against their own Count Louis I, the French invaded again. These Flemish acquisitions were consolidated by the French at the Battle of Cassel (1328). Louis I’s son, Louis II, then Philip van Artevelde briefly regained the city in 1381 but lost it again the following year at the Battle of Roosebeke, resulting in a new wave of plundering"
"of meat for the troops. On the basis of this record, it is generally accepted that he had fought on 11 July 1302 in the Battle of the Golden Spurs. In 1308, he helped to disengage Willem van Saeftinghe, who had fought on the same side at Kortrijk six years earlier, from the church of Lissewege where Willem had barricaded himself during an uprising. In 1309, Breydel, together with Pieter de Coninck and Jan Heem, again led an uprising in Bruges, aimed against the Treaty of Athis-sur-Orge (1305) forced upon Flanders by the French; he killed the substitute of the"
"Guy, Count of Flanders Guy of Dampierre () ( – 7 March 1305, Compiègne) was the Count of Flanders (1251–1305) and Marquis of Namur (1268–1297). He was a prisoner of the French when his Flemings defeated the latter at the Battle of the Golden Spurs in 1302. Guy was the second son of William II of Dampierre and Margaret II of Flanders. The death of his elder brother William in a tournament made him joint Count of Flanders with his mother. (She had made William co-ruler of Flanders 1246 to ensure that it would go to the Dampierre children of"
"Guy of Namur Guy of Dampierre, Count of Zeeland, also called Guy of Namur (Dutch: ""Gwijde van Namen"") (ca. 1272 – 13 October 1311 in Pavia), a younger son of Guy, Count of Flanders and Isabelle of Luxembourg, was Lord of Ronse. In 1302, with his father in prison and Flanders under French occupation, he was sent by his elder brother John I, Marquis of Namur, to take command of the rebellion there. He led the troops from western Flanders at the Battle of the Golden Spurs, and received great acclamation for the victory there. He took the title of"
"1887. Pieter de Coninck Pieter de Coninck (died 1332 or 1333) was a weaver from Bruges well known for his role in the events surrounding the Battle of the Golden Spurs. He was not the head of the weavers' guild as is popularly believed (mostly because he was portrayed as such in the novel ""The Lion of Flanders"" by Hendrik Conscience). Together with Jan Breydel, a butcher, he was in the forefront of the popular uprising that led to the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Right before that battle he was knighted together with two of his sons. Before the"
"Conscience in his book ""De Leeuw van Vlaanderen"" (). Following the establishment of the three cultural and linguistic communities of Belgium in 1970, the Dutch Cultural Community (as it was known then) enacted a law on 6 July 1973, which prescribes the flag, the anthem and the day of the Dutch Cultural Community. Ever since then the Day of the Flemish community is observed in Flanders. Private employers are not required to award a day's holiday; however the institutions of the Flemish Government and public employers observe this holiday. Day of the Flemish Community The Day of the Flemish Community"
"of Flanders was focused on the cities of Bruges, Ghent and Ypres. The textile industry (using wool from England) in this area flourished which provided the region with enormous wealth, as well as attracting various other trades. The area was notorious for its civil uprisings. When the French King added the county to his crown lands in 1297, this sparked a popular revolt culminating in the defeat of the French knight army by the peasant militia of the cities at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. By 1500 these cities had lost their leading position within the Low Countries to"
"of Holland, through his mother Adelaide of Holland, heiress and regent of this county. The personal union he established between Hainaut and Holland–Zeeland lasted for another half-century. His cousin, Count Floris V, was fighting against Flanders for Zeeland. He sought help of France against Flanders. The French defeated the Flemish in 1300 and 1301. The rebels in Zeeland were defeated as well. John's brother, Guy of Avesnes, became Bishop of Utrecht. So all his main enemies were gone. The tide changed dramatically after a Flemish uprising and the defeat of the French army at the Battle of the Golden Spurs"
"different times. Regional differences, level of expertise, and computer coding techniques are several forms that shibboleths have taken. The legend goes that before the Guldensporenslag (Battle of the Golden Spurs) in May 1302, the Flemish slaughtered every Frenchman they could find in the city of Bruges, an act known as the ""Brugse Metten"". They identified Frenchmen based on their inability to pronounce the Flemish phrase ' (shield and friend), or possibly ' (friend of the Guilds). However, many Medieval Flemish dialects did not contain the cluster ""sch-"" either (even today's Kortrijk dialect has ""sk-""), and Medieval French rolled the r"
"Groeninge Monument The Groeninge Monument is a monument in the Belgian city of Kortrijk. The gilded statue was inaugurated to commemorate the 600th anniversary of the Battle of the Golden Spurs. The statue is situated in the Groeningepark, where during the Middle Ages the Groeninge battlefield was situated. In this park one can also find the Groeningegate, a triumphal arch, which gives access to the park. The Groeninge Monument was designed by sculptor Godfried Devreese. It was planned to be inaugurated in 1902, but was not ready until 1906, when it was unveiled on 5 August. The gilded statue represents"
"between 1314–20. The town of Kortrijk hosts many monuments and a museum dedicated to the battle. The Battle of the Golden Spurs had been called the first incidence of the gradual ""Infantry Revolution"" which occurred in Medieval warfare during the 14th century. In conventional military theory of the time, mounted and heavily armoured knights were considered an essential part of military success and consequently warfare was the preserve of a wealthy elite of ""bellatores"" (nobles specialized in warfare) serving as men-at-arms. The fact that this form of army, which was expensive to maintain, could be defeated by basic militia, drawn"
"town with a sea harbour (the present Muiden harbour) before Amsterdam was founded. Perhaps the most important fact in the guilds history in Utrecht was the so-called ""Battle of the Golden Spurs"" in 1302, where the French noblemen and their army were beaten by an army of farmers and tradesmen. After their victory this Belgian army marched through the lowlands to Utrecht. They forced the bishop to give up all his worldly powers by the so-called guild-letter of 1304 and installed a city council consisting of representatives of the guilds. In those days the city of Utrecht (20.000 inhabitants) was"
"and Philip III became king. The 13th century was to bring the crown important gains also in the south, where a papal-royal crusade against the region's Albigensian or Cathar heretics (1209) led to the incorporation into the royal domain of Lower (1229) and Upper (1271) Languedoc. Philip IV's seizure of Flanders (1300) was less successful, ending two years later in the rout of his knights by the forces of the Flemish cities at the Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk (Courtrai). After Louis IX died of bubonic plague crusading in Tunisia in 1270, his son Philip III (1270–1285) and"
"submission to the French crown. Through the remainder of the 13th century, French control over Flanders steadily increased until 1302 when an attempt at total annexation by Philip IV met a stunning defeat when Count Guy (who had the support of the guilds and craftsmen) rallied the townspeople and humiliated the French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. Undaunted, Philip launched a new campaign that ended with the inconclusive Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle in 1304. The king imposed harsh peace terms on Flanders, which included ceding the important textile-making centers of Lille and Douai. Thereafter, Flanders remained a French"
"granted this honor. He died in the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place near Kortrijk on 11 July 1302, when the local Flemish population mounted a successful uprising against France. Pierre Flotte Pierre Flotte or Pierre Flote (Languedoc, second half of the 13th century – Kortrijk, 11 July 1302) was a French legalist, Chancellor and Keeper of the Seals of Philip IV the Fair. He was taught Roman law at the University of Montpellier, and was considered one of the best lawyers and legalists of his time. He led negotiations with the Roman Curia, England and Germany. He"
"Courtrai Chest The Chest of Courtrai (Flemish; Kortrijk) is a medieval oak chest that bears a carving depicting scenes from the Franco-Flemish War, including the 1302 Battle of the Golden Spurs at Kortrijk, Flanders, between Flemish citizen foot-soldiers and French Knights. The chest is among the few surviving contemporaneous depictions of those historically significant events. The Chest was discovered around 1905 in the village of Stanton St John, a village largely owned by New College, Oxford. Found by Warden of the College William Archibald Spooner (of ""Spoonerism"" fame) on a 'Warden’s Progress', it was in a barn of a College"
"observed. They reject the 7 day week as non-biblical. The Lunar Sabbath theory is rejected by most Sabbatarian groups and Judaism as false and misleading. Day of the Vow or Dingane's Day (Afrikaans ""Geloftedag"" or ""Dingaansdag"", December 16) was the name of a religious public holiday in South Africa commemorating a famous Boer victory over the Zulu. Celebrated as annual Sabbath (a holy day of thanksgiving) since 1838, it was renamed Day of Reconciliation in 1994. The anniversary and its commemoration are intimately connected with various streams of Afrikaner and South African nationalism. Since Hippolytus of Rome in the early"
"French Community Holiday The Belgian French Community Holiday () is a holiday on 27 September, held only in the French Community of Belgium. It is also variously translated as Day of the French Community, French Community Day, Feast Day of the French Community , Festival of the French Community This date was chosen by the French Community of Belgium after an important episode in the Belgian Revolution. The Belgian Revolution from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands erupted on the night of 25 August 1830, following a performance of Daniel Auber's sentimental and patriotic opera ""La Muette de Portici"", a"
"Brugse Belofte The Brugse Belofte or Blindekens procession is a yearly Catholic parade held since 1304 in the Flemish city of Brugge on Assumption of Mary (15 August). In yearly remembrance of the safe homecoming of the craftsmen from the battle of Mons-en-Pévèle in 1304 against the French knights, a candle is brought by a procession to the church of Saint Mary of the Blinds. Craftsmen of the richest region of Western Europe at that time did no longer bear the occupation by the French crown, represented by Governour Jacques de Châtillon. They could no longer bear social injustice, high"
"spurs in the churches of Kortrijk as trophies of what is still remembered by the Flemings as the ""Guldensporenslag"" (the battle of the golden spurs). The English named the French rout from Thérouanne as the Battle of the Spurs, due to the rapidity of the French cavalry's flight. Prick spurs were the standard form until the 14th century, when the rowel began to become more common. The prick design never died out entirely, but instead became a thicker, shorter neck with a dulled end, such as the modern ""Prince of Wales"" design commonly seen in English riding. Though often decorated"