Louis the XVI France only two what were recorded in his lifetime?
"and given a classical look under Louis XVI. Marie Antoinette had a version made for the bath of her apartments in Versailles. Louis XVI furniture Louis XVI furniture is characterized by elegance and neoclassicism, a return to ancient Greek and Roman models. Much of it was designed and made for Queen Marie Antoinette for the new apartments she created in the Palace of Versailles, Palace of Fontainebleau, the Tuileries Palace, and other royal residences. The finest craftsmen of the time, including Jean-Henri Riesener, Georges Jacob, Martin Carlin, and Jean-François Leleu, were engaged to design and make her furniture. With the"
"Louis XVI Had Had an Atom of Firmness"" by André Maurois, which tell very different stories but both imagine Louis surviving and still reigning in the early 19th century. Louis appears in the children's book ""Ben and Me"" by Robert Lawson but does not appear in the 1953 animated short film based on the same book. Louis's formal style before the revolution was """"Louis XVI, par la grâce de Dieu, roi de France et de Navarre"""", or ""Louis XVI, by the Grace of God, King of France and of Navarre"". Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (; 23 August 1754"
"Louis XVI of France Louis XVI (; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months before he was guillotined. In 1765, at the death of his father, Louis, son and heir apparent of Louis XV, Louis-Auguste became the new Dauphin of France. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title ""King of France and Navarre"", which he used until 4 September 1791, when he received the title"
"spent exorbitant sums on presumed relics of Christ, for which he built the Sainte-Chapelle, and he expanded the scope of the Inquisition and ordered the burning of Talmuds and other Jewish books. He is the only canonized king of France, and there are consequently many places named after him. Much of what is known of Louis's life comes from Jean de Joinville's famous ""Life of Saint Louis"". Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counselor to the king, and he also participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis' life that ended with his canonisation in 1297 by"
"tides. He was also famous for his ""double pendulum clocks"", also called ""Resonance clocks"", which he was the first to make. He eventually became Louis XVI's royal clockmaker. After the French Revolution he spent time in prison because of this royal association and then fell on hard times; his hardships were increased by the death of his wife in 1792. He sold his watches and equipment and designs to Abraham-Louis Breguet, who sold watches under his own name. Following the restoration of the monarchy under Charles X, he was awarded a small pension beginning in 1826, but died in poverty"
"was buried in the église Saint-Paul the day after. He lived at (at least since 1611). The inventory of his possessions, drawn up on 14 February 1631, revealed five lutes, 29 packages of music and an interesting library. The most active period of the production of Bataille was between 1605 and 1620; After that date, and until his death, we have very little information about his life. In 1608 and 1615 he published a collection of court arias composed by the most prominent masters of the moment and arranged by him for voice and lute. It includes six books, some"
"of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette having placed him at risk. Returning to Paris in 1796, he soon afterwards introduced grand pianofortes, made in the English fashion, with improvements of his own. In 1808 he again visited London, where, two years later, he produced his first double-movement harp. He had previously made various improvements in the manufacture of harps, but the new instrument was an immense advance upon anything he had before produced, and obtained such a reputation that for some time he devoted himself exclusively to its manufacture. It has been said that in the year following his invention"
"Denis Basilica. Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV) Louis, Dauphin of France (4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only son of King Louis XV of France and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska to survive to adulthood. He had a younger brother, Philippe, who died as a toddler. As a son of the king, Louis was a ""fils de France"". As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. However, he died before ascending to the throne. Three of his sons became kings of France: Louis XVI (reign: 1774–1792), Louis XVIII (reign: 1814–1815; 1815–1824) and"
"orchestral force. After his retirement, Chambonnières must have continued to perform in order to make a living, but only a single record of a concert survives, that for 1 November 1665 at the Duchess of Orleans' salon. He published two volumes of harpsichord pieces in 1670 and died two years later, in difficult financial circumstances. The posthumous inventory of his property survives, listing furniture, tapestries, etc., in mediocre condition, as well as four keyboard instruments: two harpsichords (one probably a two-manual instrument), a spinet and a regal. Due to lack of manuscript sources, little is known about French harpsichord music"
"Albertus Parisiensis Albertus Parisiensis (""fl."" 1146 – 1177), also known as Albert of Paris, was a French cantor and composer. He is credited with creating the first known piece of European music for three voices. He probably originally came from Estampes in the Arrondissement of Mirande. Albertus served as canon at Notre Dame de Paris from 1127 and as cantor by 1146, a position he held until his death in 1177, the only period of his life which has been documented. He left a number of liturgical books to the cathedral. The only extant piece of his is the ""conductus"""
"was followed without his knowledge. The letters requesting help from foreign sovereigns and presented as from him were fakes from the queen, and his entourage and the armoire de fer was a pure invention of certain revolutionaries. Paul and Pierrette Girault de Coursac Paul and Pierrette Girault de Coursac are two French historians who specialise in the lives of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. Their works over nearly 30 years write that the king was never governed by his wife. His education was intellectually very complete. He had several lines which he followed throughout his reign, such as preventing civil war"
"Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV) Louis, Dauphin of France (4 September 1729 – 20 December 1765) was the elder and only son of King Louis XV of France and his wife, Queen Marie Leszczyńska to survive to adulthood. He had a younger brother, Philippe, who died as a toddler. As a son of the king, Louis was a ""fils de France"". As heir apparent, he became Dauphin of France. However, he died before ascending to the throne. Three of his sons became kings of France: Louis XVI (reign: 1774–1792), Louis XVIII (reign: 1814–1815; 1815–1824) and Charles X"
"Louis XIV of France Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (') or the Sun King ('), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. Starting on 14 May 1643 when Louis was 4 years old, his reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralisation of power. Louis"
"chant and his opus I-VII and IX contains a large amount of liturgical music. His opus VIII contains only instrumental music. Of the nine opus numbers, seven have survived complete. Even after his death (1716) opus numbers were published. Those opus numbers I up to IX published during his life consist out of 123 surviving compositions, among others 109 religious vocal compositions with instruments. We know for instance of 11 Masses, 2 Requiem motets, 2 Magnificats, 5 Lauretanic Litany, Litany of the blessed Virgin, 8 Tantum Ergos, 11 Salve Reginas, 4 Regina Coelis, 1 Te Deum, some Ave Marias, 2"
"significant length of time. The reason as to why many biographers have not elaborated extensively on this time in the king's life is due to the uncertainty surrounding his actions during this period, as Louis XVI's declaration that was left behind in the Tuileries stated that he regarded his actions during constitutional reign provisional; he reflected that his ""palace was a prison"". This time period was exemplary in its demonstration of an institution's deliberation while in their last standing moments. Louis XVI's time in his previous palace came to an end on 5 October 1789, when an angry mob of"
"live action film. In ""Start the Revolution Without Me"", Louis XVI is portrayed by Hugh Griffith as a laughable cuckold. Mel Brooks played a comic version of Louis XVI in ""The History of the World Part 1"", portraying him as a libertine who has such distaste for the peasantry he uses them as targets in skeet shooting. In the 1996 film ""Ridicule""; Urbain Cancelier plays Louis. Louis XVI has been the subject of novels as well, including two of the alternate histories anthologized in ""If It Had Happened Otherwise"" (1931): ""If Drouet's Cart Had Stuck"" by Hilaire Belloc and ""If"
"indicate claims, not lifetimes. Dates indicate reigns, not lifetimes. Officially, the King of France had no family name. A prince with the rank of ""fils de France"" (Son of France) is surnamed """"de France""""; all the male-line descendants of each ""fils de France"", however, took his main title (whether an appanage or a courtesy title) as their family or last name. However, when Louis XVI was put on trial and later ""guillotined"" (executed) by the revolutionaries National Convention in France in 1793, they somewhat contemptously referred to him in written documents and spoken address as ""Citizen Louis Capet"" as if"
"the National Convention (self-instituted as a tribunal for the occasion), found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793, as a desacralized French citizen under the name of ""Citizen Louis Capet,"" in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty – which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis's family name. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Both of his sons died in childhood, before the Bourbon Restoration; his only child to reach adulthood,"
"Louis XVI, and later became a maréchal de camp and lieutenant général (1780). His first marriage, on 25 February 1764, was to Adélaïde de Hautefort. They had one child, Armand Emmanuel (1766–1822). His second marriage, on 20 April 1776, was to Marie-Antoinette de Galliffet. They had two children : Antoine de Vignerot du Plessis Louis ""Antoine"" Sophie de Vignerot du Plessis, 4th Duke of Richelieu (4 February 1736 – 1791), was a French nobleman and general. He was known by the courtesy title of Duke of Fronsac before 1788. He also held the titles of Prince de Mortagne, Marquis du"
"pension to one of his sisters when she became ill. Financial security came late to him, following the success of his stage works and the grant of a royal pension (a few months before his death, he was also ennobled and made a knight of the Ordre de Saint-Michel). But he did not change his way of life, keeping his worn-out clothes, his single pair of shoes, and his old furniture. After his death, it was discovered that he only possessed one dilapidated single-keyboard harpsichord in his rooms in Rue des Bons-Enfants, yet he also had a bag containing 1691"
"or falsifying the records. He brightened the picture by excluding military outlays and other 'extraordinary' charges and ignoring the national debt. As a specific example his compte rendu showed the king spend more on his brothers than on public health. After Necker had shown Louis XVI his annual report, the king tried to keep its contents secret. In revenge, Necker made the ""Compte rendu au roi"" public; in no time between 200,000 copies were sold. The Account was meant to be an educational piece for the people, and in it, he expressed his desire to create a well-informed, interested populace."
"gain power when he succeeded to the throne. Louis died of tuberculosis at Fontainebleau in 1765 at the age of 36, while his father was still alive, so he never became king of France. His mother, Queen Marie Leszczyńska, and his maternal grandfather, the former king of Poland, Stanisław I Leszczyński, Duke of Lorraine, also survived him. His eldest surviving son, Louis-Auguste, duc de Berry, became the new dauphin, ascending the throne as Louis XVI at the death of Louis XV, in May 1774. Louis was buried in the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne in Sens. His heart was buried at Saint"
"Louis VIII of France Louis VIII (5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226), called the Lion (), was King of France from 1223 to 1226, the eighth from the House of Capet. From 1216 to 1217, he also claimed to be King of England. Louis was the only surviving son of King Philip II of France by his first wife, Isabelle of Hainaut, from whom he inherited the County of Artois. While Louis VIII only briefly reigned as king of France, he was an active leader in his years as crown prince. During the First Barons' War of 1215–17 against"
"the Electors of Bavaria and Cologne were restored to their pre-war status and returned their lands. Louis and his wife Maria Theresa of Spain had six children from the marriage contracted for them in 1660. However, only one child, the eldest, survived to adulthood: Louis, ""le Grand Dauphin"", known as ""Monseigneur"". Maria Theresa died in 1683, whereupon Louis remarked that she had never caused him unease on any other occasion. Despite evidence of affection early on in their marriage, Louis was never faithful to Maria Theresa. He took a series of mistresses, both official and unofficial. Among the better documented"
"Breviary. It was also for him that Christine de Pizan wrote her ""Livre du corps de policie"" (1406–07) and ""Livre de paix"" (1412–13) as instructions for a young ruler. Louis appears as the Dauphin in William Shakespeare's ""Henry V"". He has been represented in film by Max Adrian in 1944, Keith Drinkel in 1979, Michael Maloney in 1989 and Edward Akrout in 2012. Louis, Duke of Guyenne Louis (22 January 1397 – 18 December 1415) was the eighth of twelve children of King Charles VI of France and Isabeau of Bavaria. He was their third son and the second to"
"Louis XVI enjoyed record box office receipts in both France and the United States. Unfortunately, ""Madame Sans-Gêne"" is now considered a lost film since no copies of the film are known to exist. Perret was one of the benchmarks of French cinema in his era; his films were regularly greeted with critical acclaim. 1926 and 1927saw the release of ""La Femme nue"" based on the play by Henry Bataille and ""Morgane la sirène"" based on the novel by Charles Le Goffic. A new production and distribution company entered onto the French film scene at the end of March 1927: Franco-Film."
"29 September 2015. He is survived by his wife, the pianist Lilia, his son Vagram and his daughter. No official recital and concerts recordings by Jean Ter-Merguerian exists. Only two CD-Rs of live and archive broadcast material have been released (CD-R 1 : ""Selection from Performances"" / CD-R 2 : ""Khachaturian 100th""). The 1966 Armenian Radio broadcast recording of Bach ""Double Concerto"" is part of a 2CDs compilation dedicated to his colleague, the violinist Anahit Tsitsikian. In 1999 Jean Ter-Merguerian recorded his only commercial release: Gérard Gasparian's ""Violin Sonata (1990)"", with the composer himself at the piano (CD Timpani 1C1055)."
"death in May 1400 . Of the three singers known to have been at the court in this time period, he was the only one known to have had a university degree . After his demise, several books of polyphonic music were bought from his estate by the Count of Holland for use in his chapel . Of his compositions, only four complete pieces survive, all ballades. Two of these have French texts (""Or se depart"" and ""N'ay je cause d’estre lies et joyeux"") and are in the ""ars subtilior"" style, highly complex and mannered . Both are three-voice compositions,"
"Louis XVI. On 6 June 1769, Louis Philippe married Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon at the chapel of the Palace of Versailles. She was the daughter of his cousin, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, one of the richest men in France. Since it was certain that his wife would become the richest woman in France upon the death of her father, Louis Philippe was able to play a political role in court equal to that of his great-grandfather Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who had been the Regent of France during the minority of Louis XV. Louise"
"initiated her into taking opium. It was in this period that Desnos also wrote his novel ""La Liberté ou l'Amour (Freedom or Love)"", a work which would be condemned for obscenity by the ""tribunal de la Seine"". George's performance style is considered as embodying the principles of the French realist song. She left a very small posterity to the public at large. Her musical repertoire contained some 200 songs, but she recorded very few. 21 recordings were made, of which only 16 survive, some of which are repeats of each other. The themes of the songs, however, and her manner"
"survived to adulthood, Louis, Dauphin of France. This did not help dispel the concerns about the future of the dynasty; should his male line fail, the succession would be disputed by a possible war of succession between the descendants of Philip V and the House of Orléans descended from the younger brother of Louis XIV. The Dauphin Louis predeceased his father but left behind three sons, Louis Auguste, Duke of Berry, Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence and Charles Philippe, Count of Artois. The Duke of Berry succeeded his grandfather as King Louis XVI. Louis XVI would be the only French"
"about ten. Veenstra speculates that the monk may have been an eyewitness (as he was for much of Charles VI's reign) and that his account is the more accurate of the two. The monk's chronicle is generally accepted as essential for understanding the King's court, however his neutrality may have been affected by his pro-Burgundian and anti-Orléanist stance, causing him to depict the royal couple in a negative manner. A third account was written in the mid-15th century by Jean Juvenal des Ursins in his biography of Charles, ""L'Histoire de Charles VI: roy de France"", not published until 1614. The"
"motion picture ""Marie Antoinette"". This scene contains a great error as it mistakenly names his parents as being Louis XVIII and Marie Josephine Louise of Savoy, who never had children. Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême (6 August 1775 – 3 June 1844) was the eldest son of Charles X of France and the last Dauphin of France from 1824 to 1830. He was technically King of France and Navarre for less than 20 minutes before he himself abdicated, due to his father's abdication during the July Revolution in 1830. He never reigned over"