The script of Thuluth, a variety of Islamic calligraphy, is seen on the flag of what country?
"Flag of Somaliland The flag of Somaliland is used in Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia. Having established its own local government in 1991, the region's self-declared independence remains unrecognized by any country or international organization. It contains the Pan-Arab colors of green, black, white and red. On the green stripe, there is the Sunni Shahada in white script, similar to that of the Saudi Arabian flag. The Constitution of Somaliland, as approved on May 31, 2001, by referendum: Article 7: The Flag, the Emblem and the National Anthem 1. The flag"
"Thuluth Thuluth ( ""sols"", Turkish: ""Sülüs"", from """" ""one-third"") is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy invented by Ibn Muqlah Shirazi. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning ""a third"" in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of the widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form."
"Thuluth Thuluth ( ""sols"", Turkish: ""Sülüs"", from """" ""one-third"") is a script variety of Islamic calligraphy invented by Ibn Muqlah Shirazi. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning ""a third"" in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of the widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form."
"in the 7th century during the Umayyad caliphate, but it did not develop fully until the late 9th century. Thuluth has enjoyed enormous popularity as an ornamental script for calligraphic inscriptions, titles, headings, and colophons. It is still the most important of all the ornamental scripts. Thuluth script is characterized by curved letters written with barbed heads. The letters are linked and sometimes intersecting, thus engendering a cursive flow of ample and often complex proportions. ""Examples of Arabic calligraphy handcrafted onto the outer and inner sides of the Mosque before and after restoration."" Momin Mosque Momin Mosque is located in"
"The greatest contributions to the evolution of the Thuluth script occurred in the Ottoman Empire in three successive steps that Ottoman art historians call ""calligraphical revolutions"": The best known artist to write the Thuluth script at its zenith is said to be Mustafa Râkım Efendi (1757–1826), a painter who set a standard in Ottoman calligraphy which many believe has not been surpassed to this day. Thuluth was used to write the headings of surahs, Qur'anic chapters. Some of the oldest copies of the Qur'an were written in Thuluth. Later copies were written in a combination of Thuluth and either Naskh"
"is to separate the marks written below letters from those written above. Since its creation, Thuluth has given rise to a variety of scripts used in calligraphy and over time has allowed numerous modifications. Jeli Thuluth was developed for use in large panels, such as those on tombstones. Muhaqqaq script was developed by widening the horizontal sections of the letters in Thuluth. Naskh script introduced a number of modifications resulting in smaller size and greater delicacy. Tawqi is a smaller version of Thuluth. Ruq'ah was probably derived from the Thuluth and Naskh styles, the latter itself having originated from Thuluth."
"representing the bright, beautiful culture and people of Somaliland. The Islamic calligraphy above the scales reads the ""Bismillah"" which if translated into English means ""In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful"". This is to symbolize that Islam is the official religion practised in Somaliland. The Constitution of Somaliland, as approved on May 31, 2001 by referendum reads: Article 7: The Flag, the Emblem and the National Anthem 2. The emblem of the nation shall consist of a coffee coloured falcon with (the words), in Arabic language, “Allahu Akbar” (God is great) inscribed on its breast. Below the eagle"
"Flag of Iran The flag of Iran () is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem (""Allah"") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, at the bottom of the green and the top of the red band. This flag was adopted on 29 July 1980, as a reflection of the changes brought about by the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which resulted in the replacement of 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy with an Islamic Republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah"
"20th century, including the flags of Azerbaijan (1918), Pakistan (1947), Malaysia (1948), Singapore (1959), Mauritania (1959), Uzbekistan (1991), Turkmenistan (1991),Comoros (2001), and Maldives (1965). In the later 20th century, the star and crescent have acquired a popular interpretation as a ""symbol of Islam"", occasionally embraced by Arab nationalism or Islamism in the 1970s to 1980s, but often rejected as erroneous or unfounded by Muslim commentators in more recent times. Unicode introduced a ""star and crescent"" character in its Miscellaneous Symbols block, at U+262A (☪). Crescents appearing together with a star or stars are a common feature of Sumerian iconography, the"
"of a green triangle. The flag has four stripes, representing four islands of the nation: yellow is for Mohéli, white is for Mayotte (claimed by Comoros but administered by France), red is for Anjouan, and blue is for Grande Comore. The four stars on the flag also symbolize the four islands of the Comoros. The star and crescent symbol stands for Islam, which is the nation's major religion. The stars point usually point up as reflected in the model supplied when the flag was adopted, but legal documents concerning the flag do not specify the flags orientation and there is"
"Islamic calligraphy for Muslims is a visible expression of the highest art of all, the art of spiritual world. Arabic is written from right to left, and there are 28 letters, only 18 have distinct shape. There are six major scripts used in traditional calligraphy: Farsi, Naskh, Kufi, Diwani, Req’aa and Thuluth. Farsi also called Ta'liq was developed by Persians, is an unpretentious cursive script apparently in use since the early 9th century. Naskh was one of the earliest scripts to evolve. It gained popularity after being redesigned by the famous calligrapher Ibn Muqlah in the 9th century. Naskh style"
"flag contained several Islamic symbols and three sentences (not shown in the present image): the top writing is the Bismillah: ""In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"", the center one is the shahada in urdu language: ""There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God"". The bottom phrase reads ""with the help of God, victory is near"" in Arabic language. The flag also existed in a red variant with the same drawings. Dir (princely state) Dir (or Dhir) was a small Muslim princely state in a subsidiary alliance with British India within the"
"Flag of Thailand The flag of the Kingdom of Thailand (; , meaning 'tricolour flag') shows five horizontal stripes in the colours red, white, blue, white and red, with the central blue stripe being twice as wide as each of the other four. The design was adopted on 28 September 1917, according to the royal decree issued by Rama VI that year. Since 2016, that day is a national day of importance in Thailand celebrating the nation's flag. The colours are said to stand for nation-religion-king, an unofficial motto of Thailand, red for the land and people, white for religions"
"the nation. The green is the symbol of Islam. Flag of Ingushetia The flag of Ingushetia was adopted in 1994. It shows a red triskelion symbol on a white background, with narrow green horizontal stripes above and below. In the religion and philosophy of the Ingush people, the Solar emblem (in the center of the flag) represents not only the sun and the universe but also awareness of the oneness of the spirit in the past, present and future. The red recalls the struggle of the Ingush people for existence and in the defense of their homeland. The white symbolizes"
"Kufic is commonly seen on Seljuk coins and monuments and on early Ottoman coins. Its decorative character led to its use as a decorative element in several public and domestic buildings constructed prior to the Republican period in Turkey. The current flag of Iraq (2008) includes a kufic rendition of the takbir. Similarly, the flag of Iran (1980) has the takbir written in white square kufic script a total of 22 times on the fringe of both the green and red bands. Square or geometric Kufic is a very simplified rectangular style of Kufic widely used for tiling. In Iran"
"while the width of the star, which is tilting clockwise, is two-thirds that of the crescent. The white signifies the Sultan of Terengganu, while the black signifies the state's citizens; with the white border surrounding the black panel, the layout represents the Sultan's duty to protect his subjects. The star and crescent denote Islam as the official religion of the state. In October 2006, then-""Menteri Besar"" of Terengganu Idris Jusoh voiced intentions by the state government to ""[brighten] up"" the flag and incorporate an emblem by first seeking opinions from professions, citing feedback of the flag being too ""simple and"
"this emblem is a highly stylised composite of various Islamic elements: a geometrically symmetric form of the word ""Allah"" (""God"") and overlapping parts of the phrase ""lā ʾilāha ʾillā l-Lāh,"" (There is no God Except Allah), forming a monogram in the form of a tulip it consists of four crescents and a line. The four crescents read from right to left; the first crescent is the letter aleph, the second crescent is the first laam; the vertical line is the second ""laam"", and the third and fourth crescents together form the ""heh"". Above the central stroke is a ""tashdid"" (a"
"Flag of Turkmenistan The national flag of Turkmenistan (, ) features a white crescent (symbol of Islam) and five stars; those stars represent the five regions of the country. Placed upon a green field is a symbolic representation of the country's famous carpet industry. It was introduced as the flag of Turkmenistan on September 27, 1992 to replace the Soviet-era flag which consisted of a red background with two light blue bars in the middle. The modified version with a 2:3 ratio was adopted on January 24, 2001. It features a green field with a vertical red stripe near the"
"star. The crescent and star recalls the Ottoman flag and is therefore an indication of Tunisia's history as a part of the Ottoman Empire. Whitney Smith states that the crescent was first emblazoned on standards and buildings in the Punic state of Carthage, located in present-day Tunisia. Since appearing on the Ottoman flag, they were widely adopted by Muslim countries, and have become known as symbols of Islam, when in fact, they may be cultural symbols. Likewise, the sun is often represented with the crescent on ancient Punic artifacts and is associated with the ancient Punic religion, especially with the"
"continue to use it as well. In Los Angeles, California and other cities with large Iranian expatriate communities, the Lion and Sun, as a distinguishing marker, appears on Iranian flags and souvenirs to an extent that far surpasses its display during the years of monarchy in its homeland, where the plain tricolour was usually used. Flag of Iran The flag of Iran () is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem (""Allah"") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, at"
"Flag of Somaliland has a horizontal strip of green, white and red with the ""Shahada"" inscribed in white on the green strip. Between 1997 and 2001, the Taliban used a white flag with the ""Shahada"" inscribed in black as the flag of their Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. The various jihadist black flag used by Islamic insurgents since the 2000s have often followed this example. The ""Shahada"" written on a green background has been used by supporters of Hamas since about 2000. The 2004 draft constitution of Afghanistan proposed a flag featuring the ""Shahada"" in white script centered on a red"
"by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on April 17, 1882. It included two flags: the flag of the Ottoman Dynasty, which had a crescent and a star on red base, and the flag of the Islamic Caliph, which had three crescents on a green base. Heraldry flourishes in the modern world; institutions, companies, and private persons continue using coats of arms as their pictorial identification. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the English Kings of Arms, Scotland's Lord Lyon King of Arms, and the Chief Herald of Ireland continue making grants of arms. There are heraldic authorities in Canada, South Africa,"
"ruling parts of Afghanistan, Somalia and Nigeria, respectively, which use jihadist flags. Some flags of Muslim states use inscribed flags, either with the ""shahada"", as in the flags of Saudi Arabia, or in the case of the 1979 Islamic Republic of Iran, stylized writing of the word ""Allah"". The flag of Iraq uses the pan-Arab colours since 1921, with the addition of the takbir since 1991. The practice of inscribing the shahada on flags may go back the 18th century, used by the Wahhabi religious movement. In 1902 Ibn Saud, leader of the House of Saud and the future founder"
"as ""the Eagle"". Religious flags with inscriptions were in use in the medieval period, as shown in miniatures by 13th-century illustrator Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti. 14th-century illustrations of the ""History of the Tatars"" by Hayton of Corycus (1243) shows both Mongols and Seljuqs using a variety of war ensigns. The crescent appears in flags attributed to Tunis from as early as the 14th century ""Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms"", long before Tunis fell under Ottoman rule in 1574. The Spanish Navy Museum in Madrid shows two Ottoman naval flags dated 1613; both are swallow-tailed, one green with a white"
"Emblem of Iran The Emblem of Iran (, ""neshān-e rasmi-ye Irān"") since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features the Arabic word ""Allah"" (""God""), rendered in stylized characters from the Persian alphabet. The logo consists of four crescents and a sword. The four crescents are meant to stand for the word Allah. The five parts of the emblem symbolize the Principles of the Religion. Above the sword is a shadda: in Arabic script, this is used to double a letter. The shape of the emblem is chosen to resemble a tulip, in memory of the people who died for Iran: it is"
"20th century, including the Emirate of Cyrenaica and the Kingdom of Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, and the proposed Arab Islamic Republic. The Ottoman flag of 1844 with a white """"ay-yıldız"""" (Turkish for ""crescent-star"") on a red background continues to be in use as the flag of the Republic of Turkey with minor modifications. Other Ottoman successor states using the star and crescent design in their flag are Tunisia (1956), Libya (1951, re-introduced 2011) and Algeria (1958). The modern emblem of Turkey shows the star outside the arc of the crescent, as it were a ""realistic"" depiction of a conjunction of Moon"
"Emblem of Algeria The national emblem of Algeria () is the seal used by the government, as other states use coats of arms. The current form of the emblem with Arabic writing was adopted on 1 November 1976, but was only differentiated from previous one by the changing of the motto from French to Arabic. Contained on the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the flag of Algeria, and is a symbol of Islam. The text that encircles the emblem says in Arabic: (""The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria"", the country's official name). The hand of Fatima,"
"The crude illustrations seem to indicate an environment where Christian, pagan, and Muslim religions coexist, as the symbols of the cross, crescent, and sun/swastika are all present. The number of symbols used in the codex is about ten times higher than any known alphabet (Némäti counted 792), but most symbols are used rarely, so the symbols in the codex might not be an alphabet, but a syllabary, or logographs like Chinese characters. The justification of the right margin would seem to imply the symbols were written from right to left. Study of the paper on which the codex is written"
"symbols are on the flags of the Nordic countries, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. In addition, the Star of David (or Shield of David) was not historically an exclusively Jewish symbol. It was used as an architectural motif inconsistently in ancient synagogues, and it notably appears on the cover page of the Leningrad Codex. It became an important Jewish symbol in the early Middle Ages. In medieval times, this star was also an Islamic symbol known as the Seal of Solomon (Suleiman) and was also extremely popular among the Anatolian beyliks. States known to use the seal on their flags"
"Empire. It differs from the Turkish flag, however, in the color of the crescent and the position of the star and circle. The crescent is white on the Turkish flag, but red on the Tunisian flag. On the Turkish flag, the star is off-centered, while on the Tunisian flag, the star and circle is located in the center of the flag. As for the national coat of arms, they are officially adopted in 1861 and include revised versions on June 21, 1956 and May 30, 1963. The top has a Carthaginian galley sailing on the sea while the lower part"
"Flag of Morocco The flag of Morocco (; ) is made of a red field with a black-bordered green pentagram. Red has considerable historic significance in Morocco, proclaiming the descent from royal Alaouite dynasty. This ruling house was associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad via Fatimah, the wife of Ali, the fourth Muslim Caliph. Red is also the color that was used by the sharifs of Mecca and the imams of Yemen. From the 17th century on, when Morocco was ruled by the Alaouite dynasty, the flags of the country were plain red. In 1915, during the reign of Mulay"
"in the Arabic naskh style of script. They were used by Sultan AI-Ghazee Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al-Azam one of the most illustrious heroes of the nation. The title Ad-Dawlat Al-Mahaldheebiyya () means the ""State of the Mahal Dibiyat"", which is the name Ibn Battuta and other Mediaeval Arab travellers used to refer to the Maldives. The Coat of Arms is a symbolic representation of the Government of Maldives and is used frequently in official documents (on the header right underneath the Bismillah) and other Governmental Representations. The crescent and star in the middle of the Maldive Coat of Arms used to"
"Many interpreted the addition of the sacred Islamic text as an attempt to garner wartime support from previously outlawed religious Iraqi leaders, to stop the disrespect of the Iraqi flag in Iraqi-occupied Kuwait, and to bolster the Iraqi government's Islamic credentials in the period immediately preceding the Persian Gulf War. As with other flags inscribed with Arabic script, the hoist is to the right of the obverse (front) of the flag. Owing to these differing views, and the prevailing opposition to an outright abandonment of the current Iraqi flag, a compromise measure was adopted by the U.S.-appointed Iraqi interim administration"