Which Russian revolutionary died of head wounds on 21 August 1940?
"politically marginalised by Stalinism, Trotsky continued to argue for a united front against fascism in Germany and Spain. According to Joseph Choonara of the British Socialist Workers Party in ""International Socialism"", his articles on the united front represent an important part of his political legacy. Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky (; born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, Marxist theorist, and Soviet politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism. Initially supporting the Menshevik Internationalists faction within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, he joined the Bolsheviks (""majority"") just before the 1917 October"
"but other revolutionaries were keen to murder Alexander, and there were several assassination attempts following this. Alexander Soloviev (revolutionary) Alexander Soloviev (Александр Соловьёв), (1846 in Luga – May 28, 1879), was a Russian revolutionary and former student who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia with a revolver. On the morning of 20 April 1879, Alexander II was briskly walking towards the Square of the Guards Staff and faced Soloviev. Having seen a menacing revolver in his hands, the Tsar fled. Soloviev fired five times but missed, and was sentenced to death. Soloviev was hanged on 28 May"
"defeat. Stavka decided, however, that Alexei Vinogradov, his chief of staff Colonel Volkov and the chief of the political department Pahomov were responsible and to be executed. Alexei Vinogradov and the two staff members were executed by a firing squad in front of the surviving 44th Division members in Vazhenvaara on 11 January 1940. He was rehabilitated by a decision of the Leningrad Military District on 17 November 1990. Alexei Vinogradov Alexei Ivanovich Vinogradov (; 12 February 1899 – 11 January 1940) was a Soviet ""kombrig"" and the commander of the 44th Rifle Division. His unit took part in the"
"defensive positions, and was killed in action. Alexander Lizyukov Alexander Ilyich Lizyukov (; 26 March 1900 – 23 July 1942) was a Soviet military leader holding the rank of major-general. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on 5 August 1941. He was the brother of the Hero of the Soviet Union Pyotr Ilyich Lizyukov. Lizyukov joined the Red Army in April 1919, and fought in the Russian Civil War against the White Guard as an artillery officer. He saw action in the Polish–Soviet War, as well as during the Tambov Rebellion. Between 1924 and 1927"
"also received the following foreign awards: Nikolay Voronov is interred in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis at the Red Square. Voronov's promotion dates were as follows: Nikolay Voronov Nikolay Nikolayevich Voronov (; born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire; died 28 February 1968, in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military leader, chief marshal of the artillery (1944), and Hero of the Soviet Union (7 May 1965). He was commander of artillery forces of the Red Army from 1941 until 1950. Voronov commanded the Soviet artillery during the Battle of Stalingrad and was the Stavka representative to various fronts during the Siege"
"When Germans approached to arrest him, he threw a hand grenade at them, but it failed to explode. He was brutally tortured, and hanged on November 6, 1941. His body was left hanging for twenty days, taken down only after the area had been retaken by the Red Army. He was posthumously made a Hero of the Soviet Union on February 4, 1942. The town of Chekalin was renamed for him in 1944. Alexander Pavlovich Chekalin Alexander (Shura) Pavlovich Chekalin (; March 25, 1925 – November 6, 1941), was a Russian teenager, Soviet partisan, and Hero of the Soviet Union."
"On 29 July 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of ""participating in a counter-revolutionary organization"" and ""training terrorists"". He was executed on 29 July 1938, and his body was buried in the Moscow region of Kommunarka. He was rehabilitated 8 September 1956. His name appears in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's cycle of novels ""The Red Wheel"". Alexander Andreyevich Svechin Alexander Andreyevich Svechin (; 17 August 1878, Odessa – 28 July 1938) was a Russian and Soviet military leader, military writer, educator and theorist, and author of the military classic"
"executed on Stalin's orders on June 29, 1940. In 1967, a German translation appeared of the first volume. In 1984 a one-volume abridged version was published in English, edited by Joel Carmichael. His works were under lock and key until 1991 when for the first time a reprint was published in Russia. In 1992, a special rehabilitation committee declared that all accusations against him had been baseless. Nikolai Sukhanov Nikolai Nikolaevich Sukhanov (; 10 December 188229 June 1940) was a Russian Menshevik Internationalist and chronicler of the Russian Revolution. Nikolai Sukhanov - a pseudonym, his real name was Nikolai Himmer"
"replaced him, leading the soldiers while the rest of the division arrived. In the morning, he was hit by a bullet in the abdomen and sent to a field hospital in Srednyaya Akhtuba - a town on the other side of the Volga, 20 kilometres east of Stalingrad. He died from his wound on 3 September 1942. On 2 November 1948, his remains were re-buried in the Square of Fallen Heroes, on the Mamayev Kurgan. On 22 August 1956, he was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The asteroid 2423 Ibarruri was named in his honour at"
"Alexander Pavlovich Chekalin Alexander (Shura) Pavlovich Chekalin (; March 25, 1925 – November 6, 1941), was a Russian teenager, Soviet partisan, and Hero of the Soviet Union. Chekalin was captured, tortured, and hanged for partisan activities in Tula Oblast near Moscow during the German-Soviet War. Sixteen-year-old Shura Chekalin engaged in underground resistance activities in the region of Tula near Moscow. In the first days of November 1941, he took part in an ambush of German vehicles, destroying one vehicle with a hand-grenade. After becoming ill, Chekalin was bedridden, and his location was betrayed to the Germans by an unknown informant."
"Trotsky in the back of the skull. The blow to Trotsky's head was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly, as Mercader had intended. Witnesses stated that Trotsky spat on Mercader and began struggling fiercely with him, which resulted in Mercader's hand being broken. Hearing the commotion, Trotsky's bodyguards burst into the room and nearly killed Mercader, but Trotsky stopped them, laboriously stating that the assassin should be made to answer questions. Trotsky was taken to a hospital, operated on, and survived for more than a day before he died on 21 August 1940, as a result of loss of"
"Lenin’s body be buried in 2024, the 100th anniversary of his death, because it was costing the state too much money to house the body in the mausoleum. The body would be replaced with a wax or rubber model of Lenin. Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin On 21 January 1924, at 18:50 EET, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma. The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels. Lenin was given"
"Alexander Soloviev (revolutionary) Alexander Soloviev (Александр Соловьёв), (1846 in Luga – May 28, 1879), was a Russian revolutionary and former student who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Tsar Alexander II of Russia with a revolver. On the morning of 20 April 1879, Alexander II was briskly walking towards the Square of the Guards Staff and faced Soloviev. Having seen a menacing revolver in his hands, the Tsar fled. Soloviev fired five times but missed, and was sentenced to death. Soloviev was hanged on 28 May 1879 (in Julian calendar; June 9, 1879 in Gregorian calendar). Soloviev had acted on his own,"
"Yevgeny Rodionov Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Rodionov (; 23 May 1977 – 23 May 1996) was a Russian soldier who was taken prisoner of war by Chechen rebels and later executed in captivity. He has gained much admiration throughout Russia for the circumstances of his death, as his execution allegedly resulted from his refusal to convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side. Despite widespread popular veneration he has not been glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church as a New Martyr due to lack of evidence about his death. Yevgeny Rodionov was born on 23 May 1977 in the village of"
"Yevgeny Rodionov Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Rodionov (; 23 May 1977 – 23 May 1996) was a Russian soldier who was taken prisoner of war by Chechen rebels and later executed in captivity. He has gained much admiration throughout Russia for the circumstances of his death, as his execution allegedly resulted from his refusal to convert to Islam and defect to the enemy side. Despite widespread popular veneration he has not been glorified by the Russian Orthodox Church as a New Martyr due to lack of evidence about his death. Yevgeny Rodionov was born on 23 May 1977 in the village of"
"as surgeon to the workers of the gold mines of Lensk. Here he witnessed Tsarist atrocities and was affected deeply by the murder of unarmed striking miners. After this Korotkov returned to St. Petersburg and during the First World War he was surgeon to ""The Charitable House for disabled soldiers"" in Tsarskoe Selo. He welcomed the October Revolution after which he was physician-in-chief of the Mechnikov Hospital in Petrograd until his death from lung tuberculosis on March 14, 1920. Nikolai Korotkov Nikolai Sergeyevich Korotkov (also romanized Korotkoff; ) ( – 14 March 1920) was a Russian surgeon, a pioneer of"
"Ramón Mercader Jaime Ramón Mercader del Río (7 February 1913 – 18 October 1978), more commonly known as Ramón Mercader, was a Spanish communist and NKVD agent who assassinated the Russian Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky in Mexico City in August 1940. He served 20 years in Mexican prison for the murder. Joseph Stalin presented him with an Order of Lenin in absentia. Mercader was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union after his release in 1961. Mercader was born in 1913 in Barcelona to Eustaquia María Caridad del Río Hernández (b. 1892), the daughter of a Cantabrian merchant"
"a sympathizer to his ideas, befriending his guards and doing small favors. On 20 August 1940, Mercader was alone with Trotsky in the exiled Russian's study, under the pretext of showing him a document. Mercader struck from behind and fatally wounded Trotsky on the head with an ice axe while the exiled Russian was looking at the document. The blow failed to kill Trotsky, and he got up and grappled with Mercader. Hearing the commotion, Trotsky's guards burst into the room and beat Mercader nearly to death, but Trotsky, heavily wounded but still conscious, ordered them to spare his attacker's"
"Alexander Shliapnikov Alexander Gavrilovich Shliapnikov () (August 30, 1885 – September 2, 1937) was a Russian communist revolutionary, metalworker, and trade union leader. He is best remembered as a memoirist of the October Revolution of 1917 and as the leader of one of the primary opposition movements inside the Russian Communist Party during the 1920s. Alexander Shliapnikov was born August 30, 1885, in Murom, Russian Empire to a poor family of the Old Believer religion. His father died when he was a small child. Shliapnikov began factory work at age thirteen and became a revolutionary at age sixteen. He joined"
"Security Bureau and worked as an instructor in the State of Mongolia military protection. In Mongolia he became known as Timur Bator – Iron hero. A monument to Shchetinkin stands in one of Ulaanbaatar's main streets. He died 30 September 1927 in Ulaanbaatar. Sources differ on his cause of death, some saying he died from either heart failure, others say his death was the result of unclear circumstances. He was buried on October 11, 1927 in Novosibirsk, in the square of heroes of the revolution. Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin (; December 21, 1884 (or January 2, 1885)– September"
"Alexander Polezhayev Alexander Ivanovich Polezhayev (, 11 September [o.s. 30 August] 1804, v.Pokryshkino, Penza Governorate, Russian Empire – 28 [o.s. 16] January 1838, Moscow, Russian Empire), was a controversial Russian poet, best known for his satirical poem ""Sashka"" which in 1826 resulted in his being demoted to the Russian Army in the Caucasus, by a special decree of Nicolas I who saw this daring challenge as a continuation of the Decembrist revolt. Polezhayev continued to write satires (describing the Russian Tsar as 'a hangman' and 'an Emperor corporal') and in the early 1830s became close to the radicals, one of"
"In 1886, Ulyanov died suddenly of a brain haemorrhage while in Simbirsk, which was later renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of Lenin. Ilya Ulyanov Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov (; – ) was a Russian public figure in the field of public education. He was the father of revolutionaries Vladimir Lenin, who became a Bolshevik leader and founder of the Soviet Union, and Aleksandr Ulyanov, who was executed for his attempt to assassinate Tsar Alexander III in 1886. Ilya Ulyanov was born in Astrakhan to father, Nikolai Vasilievich Ulyanov (or Ulyanin; 1765–1838), a port-city tailor and a former serf who came from Sergachsky"
"to keep the 12-year-old boy Vsevolod. Trotsky sued for custody and won the case, but Martin then went into hiding with Vsevolod. Eventually, Trotsky's friends found Martin and Vsevolod, and Vsevolod was sent to Coyoacán, Mexico to live with Trotsky and Natalia Sedova. Vsevolod arrived in Mexico on 8 August 1939, where Trotsky had been living in exile since January 1937. On 24 May 1940, a failed assassination attempt on Trotsky's life by Stalinist agents, led by David Alfaro Siqueiros, saw Vsevolod shot in the foot. On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was assassinated by Stalin's agent, Ramón Mercader. Trotsky died"
"Nikolay Voronov Nikolay Nikolayevich Voronov (; born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire; died 28 February 1968, in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet military leader, chief marshal of the artillery (1944), and Hero of the Soviet Union (7 May 1965). He was commander of artillery forces of the Red Army from 1941 until 1950. Voronov commanded the Soviet artillery during the Battle of Stalingrad and was the Stavka representative to various fronts during the Siege of Leningrad and the Battle of Kursk. He also fought in the Russian Civil War, the Polish-Soviet War and the Battle of Khalkin Gol, as"
"Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin On 21 January 1924, at 18:50 EET, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma. The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels. Lenin was given a state funeral and then buried in a specially erected mausoleum on 27 January. A commission of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) was in charge of organizing the funeral. On 23 January, the coffin with Lenin's body was transported by"
"days before she was buried. On 20 August 1945 she was posthumously declared a Hero of the Soviet Union. Klavdiya Nazarova Klavdiya Nazarova (; 1 October 1920 – 12 December 1942) was an organizer of an underground Komsomol partisan unit in Ostrov during the Second World War who was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 20 August 1945 after she was executed by the Germans. Nazarova was born on 1 October 1920 to a Russian peasant family in Ostrov city of Pskov. Her father died from complications of a wound sustained in World War I when"
"217.4 and Dalnyaya Igumenka. On 24 July Kostitsyn and several staff officers were killed by a direct shell hit to the division command bunker. Buried in Novy Oskol, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class on 24 August for his leadership of the division at Prokhorovka. Alexander Kostitsyn Alexander Stepanovich Kostitsyn (; 9 June 1904 – 24 July 1943) was a Red Army major general killed during World War II. An NKVD troops officer before the war, Kostitsyn became a regimental commander in the Red Army during mid-1941 and led his regiment in the Battles"
"on 10 January 1944. Alexey Polosin Alexey Ivanovich Polosin (Russian: Алексей Иванович Полосин; 1924-15 October 1943) was a Red Army sergeant, who was posthumously a Hero of the Soviet Union. He was posthumously awarded the title for his actions in the Battle of the Dnieper. Polosin was reported to have killed three German officers during a reconnaissance mission and 26 soldiers while repulsing a German counterattack. Polosin was born in 1924 in Kazinka village, Sosnovsky District, Tambov Oblast to a peasant family. In 1932, the family moved to Vishnevka village in Morshansky District. After completing his education, Polosin became an"
"publication outside the Soviet Union. Her remains were reburied in the town of Kashin in 1949, where a street was also named after her in 1970. Ina Konstantinova Inessa (Ina) Alexandrovna Konstantinova (; 19241944) was a wartime Soviet diarist and partisan, killed as a 20-year-old during Nazi Germany's operations in the Soviet Union during World War II in 1944. Born in the village of Kiverichi in Tver Oblast in 1924, Ina Konstantinova grew up near the northeastern Russian town of Kashin with her parents and sister. She was a sixteen-year-old Komsomol member and student at the beginning of the Nazi"
"Georgy Safarov Georgy Ivanovich Safarov () (1891 – 27 July 1942) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and politician who was a participant in the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War, and a participant in the executions of the Romanovs in Yekaterinburg and Alapayevsk. Later associated with Grigory Zinoviev's New Opposition and Leon Trotsky's United Opposition, he was purged from the Communist Party, and was later imprisoned in Vorkuta in 1937, after which he served as an NKVD informant. He was ultimately executed on 27 July 1942 by a Special Collegium of the NKVD. He is one of the only victims"
"buried in front of his statue near the Ukrainian parliament. Nikolai Vatutin Nikolai Fyodorovich Vatutin (; 16 December 1901 – 15 April 1944) was a Soviet military commander during World War II. Vatutin was responsible for many Red Army operations in Ukraine as commander of the Southwestern Front, the Voronezh Front during the Battle of Kursk and the 1st Ukrainian Front during the liberation of Kiev. He was ambushed and mortally wounded in February 1944 by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Vatutin was born in Chepukhino village in Voronezh Governorate (now Vatutino in Belgorod Oblast), into a peasant family of Russian"
"class on 23 July. On 11 November, Zholudev was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as the Order of Lenin. Viktor Zholudev Viktor Grigoryevich Zholudev (Russian: Виктор Григорьевич Жолудев; 22 March 1905 – 21 July 1944) was a Red Army major general and posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union. Zholudev fought in the 1929 Sino-Soviet conflict, the Battle of Lake Khasan in 1938 and the 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol, as well as World War II. Zholudev commanded the 37th Guards Rifle Division during its defense of the Stalingrad tractor factory during the Battle of"
"Alexander Vologin Alexander Dmitrivich Vologin (; October 8, 1924 – October 17, 1943) was a Soviet soldier who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously on January 15, 1944, for his actions during Operation Kutuzov and the Battle of the Dnieper. He was killed on October 17, during the Battle of the Dnieper in modern-day Belarus. Vologin was born on October 8, 1924, into a peasant family in the village of Pechersk, in Samara Oblast in the then-Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union. Graduating from junior high school in 1940, he became an apprentice lathe operator"