What type of screw and screwdriver, designed to aid in automated manufacturing lines, features a small cross on the head of the screw?
"Henry F. Phillips Henry Frank Phillips (June 4, 1889 – April 13, 1958) was an American businessman from Portland, Oregon. The Phillips-head (""crosshead"") screw and screwdriver are named after him. The importance of the crosshead screw design lies in its self-centering property, useful on automated production lines that use powered screwdrivers. Phillips' major contribution was in driving the crosshead concept forward to the point where it was adopted by screwmakers and automobile companies. The credited inventor of the Phillips screw was John P. Thompson who, in 1932, patented (#1,908,080) a recessed cruciform screw and in 1933, a screwdriver for it."
"Screwdriver A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for screwing and unscrewing (inserting and removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the handle. The shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for additional 'grip'. Handles are typically wood, metal, or plastic and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in cross-section to improve"
"Screwdriver A screwdriver is a tool, manual or powered, for screwing and unscrewing (inserting and removing) screws. A typical simple screwdriver has a handle and a shaft, ending in a tip the user puts into the screw head before turning the handle. The shaft is usually made of tough steel to resist bending or twisting. The tip may be hardened to resist wear, treated with a dark tip coating for improved visual contrast between tip and screw—or ridged or treated for additional 'grip'. Handles are typically wood, metal, or plastic and usually hexagonal, square, or oval in cross-section to improve"
"can be removed if painted-over or old and rusty. In industry, they speed up production and reduce product damage. One of their first major industrial uses was the Ford Motor Company's Model A & Model T production. Henry Ford found them highly reliable and saved considerable production time, but when he couldn't secure licensing for them in the United States, limited their production use to his Canadian division. Robertson-head screwdrivers are available in a standard range of tip-sizes, from 1.77mm to 4.85mm. Reed and Prince, also called Frearson, is another historic cross-head screw configuration. The cross in the screw head"
"Screw press A screw press is a type of machine press in which the ram is driven up and down by a screw. The screw shaft can be driven by a handle or a wheel. It works by using a coarse screw to convert the rotation of the handle or drive-wheel into a small downward movement of greater force. The overhead handle usually incorporates balls as flyweights. The weights helps to maintain the momentum and thrust of the tool to make it easier to operate. The screw press was first invented and used by the Romans in the first century"
"new type of industrial production machinery known then as an automatic screw machine. This was an automated type of milling machine which could perform several machining operations without a great deal of human input. Today that machine is referred to as a Swiss type of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine. This type of machine allowed for a greatly reduced cost of manufacture of whatever part it is used to produce. This is of particular concern in the production of firearms. As an example, the Luger handgun which appeared around 1908 had over 650 machine operations and 450 hand fitting operations"
"Screw joint A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Screw joints provide single-axis translation by utilizing the threads of the threaded rod to provide such translation. This type of joint is used primarily on most types of linear actuators and certain types of cartesian robots. A Screw joint is sometimes considered as a separate type but it is actually a variation of bolted joint. The difference is that a screw is used rather that bolt, thus requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed parts. This can save space, however, continuous reuse of the thread"
"with the fastener as opposed to the line contact seen in the straight style tools. Hex key A hex key, Allen key or Allen wrench is a tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their heads. The Allen name is a registered trademark, originated by the Allen Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut circa 1910, and currently owned by Apex Tool Group, LLC. Its genericised use is discouraged by this company. The standard generic name used in catalogues and published books and journals is ""hex key"". Explained by the geographical and commercial history of the drive type's"
"simple machines—it is in essence an inclined plane wrapped around a central shaft, but the inclined plane (thread) also comes to a sharp edge around the outside, which acts a wedge as it pushes into the fastened material, and the shaft and helix also form a wedge in the form of the point. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a ""female thread"" (internal thread), often in the form of a nut, or object that has the internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads are designed to cut a helical groove in a"
"the grain. However, a marking knife is preferred for this operation. Scratch awls are traditionally used in leather-crafting to trace patterns onto leather. They are sometimes used in the automotive and sheet metal trades to punch holes and scribe lines in sheet metal. Scratch awl A scratch awl is a woodworking layout and point-making tool. It is used to scribe a line to be followed by a hand saw or chisel when making woodworking joints and other operations. The scratch awl is basically a steel spike with its tip sharpened to a fine point. The tip of the spike is"
"screwdriver was first manufactured by HD Smith & Company, which operated from 1850 to 1900. Many manufacturers adopted this handle design. The ""flat bladed"" screwdriver was another design composed of drop-forged steel with riveted wood handles. The shape and material of many modern screwdriver handles are designed to fit comfortably in the user's hand, for user comfort and to facilitate maximum control and torque. Designs include indentations for the user's fingers, and surfaces of a soft material such as thermoplastic elastomer to increase comfort and grip. Composite handles of rigid plastic and rubber are also common. Many screwdriver handles are"
"Leadscrew A leadscrew (or lead screw), also known as a power screw or translation screw, is a screw used as a linkage in a machine, to translate turning motion into linear motion. Because of the large area of sliding contact between their male and female members, screw threads have larger frictional energy losses compared to other linkages. They are not typically used to carry high power, but more for intermittent use in low power actuator and positioner mechanisms. Common applications are linear actuators, machine slides (such as in machine tools), vises, presses, and jacks. Leadscrews are manufactured in the same"
"Hex key A hex key, Allen key or Allen wrench is a tool used to drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their heads. The Allen name is a registered trademark, originated by the Allen Manufacturing Company of Hartford, Connecticut circa 1910, and currently owned by Apex Tool Group, LLC. Its genericised use is discouraged by this company. The standard generic name used in catalogues and published books and journals is ""hex key"". Explained by the geographical and commercial history of the drive type's development, the term ""hex key"" is best known as ""Allen"" in the USA (The “Allen”"
"automatic [mechanically automated] special-purpose machine tools for the making of screws. The 1760–1840 development arc was a tremendous technological advance, but later advancements would make screws even cheaper and more prevalent yet again. These began in the 1840s with the adaptation of the engine lathe with a turret-head toolholder to create the turret lathe. This development greatly reduced the time, effort, and skill needed from the machine operator to produce each machine screw. Single-pointing was forgone in favor of die head cutting for such medium- and high-volume repetitive production. Then, in the 1870s, the turret lathe's part-cutting cycle (sequence of"
"motions); they are thus very efficient in a variety of hard-substrate applications, from assembly lines to roofing. Sheet metal screws (sometimes called ""sheet-metal self-tappers"", or P-K screws from the brand name ""Parker Kalon"" - who pioneered the manufacture of, but did not invent, these screws) are a type of self-tapping screw despite the thread created in the sheet of metal being small. Pan-head PK Self-tapping screws are common in electrical equipment, while flatter-headed truss or flat countersunk headed self-tapping screws are more common in aviation applications. Winged self-drilling have thin wings wider than the thread formed just behind the self"
"process equipment. Overhead crane An overhead crane, commonly called a bridge crane, is a type of crane found in industrial environments. An overhead crane consists of parallel runways with a traveling bridge spanning the gap. A hoist, the lifting component of a crane, travels along the bridge. If the bridge is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on a fixed rail at ground level, the crane is called a ""gantry crane"" (USA, ASME B30 series) or a ""goliath crane"" (UK, BS 466). Unlike mobile or construction cranes, overhead cranes are typically used for either manufacturing or maintenance applications,"
"the screws. Some screw gun users keep the motor running constantly, while installing drywall, and manufacturers recommend this. A decking screw gun has a long handle so the user does not have to bend over. Screw gun A screw gun is similar to a power drill, but designed specifically for driving screws. It automatically feeds screws from a clip, similarly to how nail guns feed nails. A screw gun looks like a drill, but has a ""nose"" instead of a chuck. The nose holds an interchangeable shank bit, commonly known as a tip. The most common type of tip is"
"KRISS KARD The KRISS KARD (""KRISS Automatic, Research & Development"") is a prototype of semi-automatic pistol being developed by KRISS USA (formerly Transformational Defense Industries (TDI)). It is chambered in .45 ACP, and utilizes the same Super V System as the KRISS Vector, but in a much smaller package to minimize recoil and muzzle rise. It will not have a blowback slide; instead it has a T-shaped cocking handle on the rear. The KARD is a handgun with a fixed barrel, rather than the more conventional and common tilting barrel system present among most pistols. To provide inertia, a weight"
"KRISS KARD The KRISS KARD (""KRISS Automatic, Research & Development"") is a prototype of semi-automatic pistol being developed by KRISS USA (formerly Transformational Defense Industries (TDI)). It is chambered in .45 ACP, and utilizes the same Super V System as the KRISS Vector, but in a much smaller package to minimize recoil and muzzle rise. It will not have a blowback slide; instead it has a T-shaped cocking handle on the rear. The KARD is a handgun with a fixed barrel, rather than the more conventional and common tilting barrel system present among most pistols. To provide inertia, a weight"
"a screw thread bears against an unthreaded component. A cross dowel is a cylindrically shaped metal nut (i.e., a metal dowel) that is used to join two pieces of wood. Like other metal nuts, it has an inside threaded hole, although the hole is unusual in that it passes through the sides of the dowel. One or both ends of the dowel are slotted, with the slots oriented parallel to the threaded hole through which the bolt will pass. In a cross dowel application, the two pieces of wood are aligned and a bolt hole is drilled through one piece"
"Accessories as of 2015. Edwards Manufacturing Company Edwards Manufacturing Company is a business in Albert Lea, Minnesota that manufactures Hydraulic Ironworkers. Manufacturing since 1875 Edwards began with road graders, and other manufacturing equipment such as the stump puller, Manual Shears, and Intake Grates. Edwards Manufacturing Company manufactures Ironworkers and hydraulic equipment. Ironworkers are machines that speed up fabrication by punching and shearing opposed to drilling or using a saw. Edwards Ironworkers can have a Hydraulic Accessory Pack that allows separate machinery to plug into the Ironworker and use the Ironworker's hydraulic power. Edwards Manufacturing Company has a line of 12"
"found in many factories. These cranes are electrically operated by a control pendant, radio/IR remote pendant, or from an operator cabin attached to the crane. This type of overhead crane has one end of the bridge mounted on a fixed pivot and the other end carried on an annular track; the bridge traverses the circular area beneath. This offers improvement over a jib crane by making possible a longer reach and eliminating lateral strains on the building walls. Overhead cranes are commonly used in the refinement of steel and other metals such as copper and aluminium. At every step of"
"Scratch awl A scratch awl is a woodworking layout and point-making tool. It is used to scribe a line to be followed by a hand saw or chisel when making woodworking joints and other operations. The scratch awl is basically a steel spike with its tip sharpened to a fine point. The tip of the spike is drawn across the timber, leaving a shallow groove. It may also be used to mark a point by pressing the tip into the timber. It is generally used when dimensioning and for laying out with the grain. It may also be used across"
"the adjustable coolant hose systems used with machine tools. Helping hand (tool) A helping hand, also known as a third hand or X-tra Hands, is a type of extremely adjustable jig used in soldering and craftwork to hold materials near each other so that the user can work on them. A commonly produced version consists of a weighted base, a pair of twice-adjustable arms ending in crocodile clips, and optionally a magnifying glass, held together by flexible joints. The clips are used to hold a light workpiece in place while the joints allow the user to change the position or"
"Brodie knob A brodie knob (alternative spelling brody knob) is a knob that attaches to the steering wheel of an automobile or other vehicle or equipment with a steering wheel. Other names for this knob include: suicide, necker, granny, knuckle buster, and wheel spinner. The device is a small, independently rotating knob (similar to a U.S. classic door knob) facing the driver that is securely mounted on the outside rim of a steering wheel. The protruding knob is an aftermarket accessory. The free rotation is intended to help make steering with one hand less difficult or faster. Brodie knobs had"
"that should not be serviced by the home repair person. The hand tool used to drive in most screws is called a ""screwdriver"". A power tool that does the same job is a ""power screwdriver""; power drills may also be used with screw-driving attachments. Where the holding power of the screwed joint is critical, torque-measuring and ""torque-limiting screwdrivers"" are used to ensure sufficient but not excessive force is developed by the screw. The hand tool for driving hex head threaded fasteners is a ""spanner"" (UK usage) or ""wrench"" (US usage), while a ""nut setter"" is used with a power screw"
"control are commonly used as power screwdrivers. Some manual screwdrivers have a ratchet action whereby the screwdriver blade locks to the handle for clockwise rotation, but uncouples for counterclockwise rotation when set for tightening screws—and vice versa for loosening. Spiral ratchet screw drivers, often colloquially called ""Yankee screwdrivers"" (a brand name), provide a special mechanism that transforms linear motion into rotational motion. Originally the ""Yankee"" name was used on all tools sold by the North Brothers Manufacturing Company but later, after Stanley purchased the company, it became synonymous with only this type of screwdriver. The user pushes the handle toward"
"prevents tipping and also secures the baseplate to the sleeper. The ""Macbeth spike"" (trade name) is a two-pronged U-shaped staple-like spike bent so that it appears M-shaped when viewed from the side. Inverted J-shaped single pointed spikes have also been used. The spike maul, also known as a ""spiking hammer"", is a type of sledgehammer with a long thin head which was originally used to drive spikes. Manual hole drilling and spike or screw insertion and removal have been replaced by semi-automated or automated machines, which are driven electrically, by pneumatics, by hydraulics, or are powered by a two-stroke engine."
"Screw conveyor A screw conveyor or auger conveyor is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade, called a """"flighting"""", usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others. The first type of screw conveyor was the Archimedes' screw, used since ancient times to pump irrigation"
"usage. For example, a tapered hand reamer with a clockwise spiral will tend to self feed as it is used, possibly leading to a wedging action and consequent breakage. A counter-clockwise spiral is therefore preferred even though the reamer is still turned in the clockwise direction. For production machine tools, the shank type is usually one of the following: a standard taper (such as Morse or Brown & Sharpe), a straight round shank to be held by a collet, or a straight round shank with a flat for a set screw, to be held by a solid toolholder. For hand"
"now in Taiwan), Excalibur (originally made in Canada, now in Taiwan), and Delta, Dremel (Bosch), Craftsman, Ryobi, and others produced variously in Asia. Scroll saw A scroll saw is a small electric or pedal-operated saw used to cut intricate curves in wood, metal, or other materials. The fineness of its blade allows it to cut more delicately than a power jigsaw, and more easily than a hand coping saw or fretsaw. Like those tools, it is capable of creating curves with edges, by pivoting its table. The scroll saw's name derives from its traditional use in making scrollwork, sculptural ornaments"
"in the late 1940s, when the ISO metric screw thread and the Unified Thread Standard were defined. Precision screws, for controlling motion rather than fastening, developed around the turn of the 19th century, were one of the central technical advances, along with flat surfaces, that enabled the industrial revolution. They are key components of micrometers and lathes. Alternative fastening methods are: Screw A screw is a type of fastener, in some ways similar to a bolt (see ""Differentiation between bolt and screw"" below), typically made of metal, and characterized by a helical ridge, known as a ""male thread"" (external thread)."
"Allen Scythe The Allen Scythe, sometimes called the Allen Power Scythe, is a petrol-powered finger-bar mower. It was made from 1935 until 1973 by John Allen and Sons in Cowley, Oxfordshire. The company, formerly the Eddison and Nodding Company, was bought in 1897 by John Allen, who renamed it the Oxford Steam Plough Company, and then renamed it to John Allen and Sons. The Allen Scythe does not resemble a hand scythe but serves the same purpose. The engine drives a or or 4ft wide toothed blade sliding back and forth horizontally across stationary teeth to produce a scissor action,"