What may be described as 'a tropical tree or shrub that grows in swamps and shore mud, having many tangled roots above ground'?
"shoreline. The red mangrove grows closest to open water. It has multiple prop roots, which may help to stabilize the soil around its roots. Further inland is the black mangrove lacking prop roots, but does have pneumatophores, which grow up from the roots to above the water level. The white mangrove grows further inland. It may have prop roots and/or pneumatophores, depending on conditions where it is growing. The buttonwood grows in shallow, brackish water, Florida swamps, or on dry land (the furthest inland). Mangroves have a unique reproductive strategy for a plant. Like mammals they are viviparious, bringing forth"
"Mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics, mainly between latitudes ° N and ° S. The total mangrove forest area of the world in 2000 was , spanning 118 countries and territories. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to life in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and complex root system to cope with salt water immersion and wave action. They"
"trees growing on land raised between and above sloughs and prairies are called tropical hardwood hammocks. They may range from one (4,000 m²) to ten acres (40,000 m²) in area, and appear in freshwater sloughs, sawgrass prairies, or pineland. Hammocks are slightly elevated on limestone plateaus risen several inches above the surrounding peat, or they may grow on land that has been unharmed by deep peat fires. Hardwood hammocks exhibit a mixture of subtropical and hardwood trees, such as Southern live oak (""Quercus virginiana""), gumbo limbo (""Bursera simaruba""), royal palm (""Roystonea""), and bustic (""Dipholis salicifolia"") that grow in very dense"
"estuaries are found thick areas of black mangrove and red mangrove (""Rhizophora mangle""). In shallow water flora and fauna is concentrated around coral reefs where there is little variation in water temperature, purity and salinity. Leeward side of lagoons provide areas of growth for sea grasses. Turtle grass (""Thalassia testudinum"") is common in the Caribbean as is manatee grass (""Syringodium filiforme"") which can grow together as well as in fields of single species at depths up to . Another type shoal grass (""Halodule wrightii"") grows on sand and mud surfaces at depths of up to . In brackish water of"
"that also can mean all seaweed species washed up on shore. ""Sargassum"" species are found throughout tropical areas of the world and are often the most obvious macrophyte in near-shore areas where ""Sargassum"" beds often occur near coral reefs. The plants grow subtidally and attach to coral, rocks, or shells in moderately exposed or sheltered rocky or pebble areas. These tropical populations often undergo seasonal cycles of growth and decay in concert with seasonal changes in sea temperature. In tropical ""Sargassum"" species that are often preferentially consumed by herbivorous fishes and echinoids, a relatively low level of phenolics and tannins"
"or tropical trees are called tropical hardwood hammocks. They may rise between above water level in freshwater sloughs, sawgrass prairies, or pineland. These islands illustrate the difficulty of characterizing the climate of the Everglades as tropical or subtropical. Hammocks in the northern portion of the Everglades consist of more temperate plant species, but closer to Florida Bay the trees are tropical and smaller shrubs are more prevalent. Tropical trees like the West Indian mahogany (""Swietenia mahagoni"") were probably spread by birds carrying seeds from the West Indies. These hammocks form on slightly elevated areas unharmed by deep peat fires or"
"the slough. Many tropical species such as mahogany (""Swietenia mahagoni""), gumbo limbo (""Bursera simaruba""), and cocoplum (""Chrysobalanus icaco"") grow alongside the more familiar temperate species of southern live oak, red maple (""Acer rubrum""), and hackberry (""Celtis laevigata""). Maritime hammocks, also known as maritime forests or coastal hammocks, are found on stable sand dunes away from the beach on barrier islands, and on small islands in salt marshes. They are found all along the Atlantic Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States. Some authorities classify coastal hammocks as hydric hammocks. Temperate hardwood hammocks are narrow bands of broadleaf forest that"
"Caulerpa serrulata Caulerpa serrulata, commonly known as cactus tree alga or serrated green seaweed, is a species of seaweed in the ""Caulerpaceae"" family found in warm marine water environments. The seaweed has a green to grey-green thallus that typically grows to outward to around . It has small blades that have serrated edges and grow upward from long, cylindrically shaped runners anchored to the substrate. The blades are often forked and less frequently twisted. Each of the blades is to around long. The blades are light to medium mint green in colour, frequently with bluish tints. The species is found"
"Caulerpa cupressoides Caulerpa cupressoides, commonly known as cactus tree alga, is a species of seaweed in the ""Caulerpaceae"" family. The plant has runners that are overlaid by sand rising up to thick stalks that split into heavy upright branches that are in turn lined with rows of short think branchlets. The length can vary from with a tall slender habit to a short bushy habit. It is a coenocytic species that grows well in shallow protected areas with sandy bottoms. It is found around much of the world including the Americas between Florida and Brazil including most of the islands"
"coastal environments, where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action. The saline conditions tolerated by various mangrove species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (3 to 4%), to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 9%). The term ""mangrove"" comes to English from Spanish (perhaps by way of Portuguese), and is likely to originate from Guarani. It was earlier ""mangrow"" (from Portuguese ' or Spanish '), but this word was corrupted via folk etymology influence of the word ""grove"". Mangrove swamps (mangals) are found"
"Thalassia testudinum Thalassia testudinum, commonly known as turtlegrass, is a species of marine seagrass. It forms meadows in shallow sandy or muddy locations in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. ""Thalassia testudinum"" is a perennial grass growing from a long, jointed rhizome that may be buried deep in the substrate but is more usually found below the surface. Some nodes are leafless but others bear a tuft of several erect, linear leaf blades. These are up to long and wide and have rounded tips. The flowers grow on short stalks in the axils of the leaves and are"
"Peat swamp forest Peat swamp forests are tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. Large areas of these forests are being logged at high rates. Peat swamp forests are typically surrounded by lowland rain forests on better-drained soils, and by brackish or salt-water mangrove forests near the coast. Tropical peatlands, which coexist with swamp forests within the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, store and accumulate vast amounts of carbon as soil organic matter - much more than natural forests contain. Their"
"range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt), to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 90 ppt). There are many mangrove species, not all closely related. The term ""mangrove"" is used generally to cover all of these species, and it can be used narrowly to cover just mangrove trees of the genus ""Rhizophora"". Mangroves form a distinct characteristic saline woodland or shrubland habitat, called a ""mangrove swamp"" or ""mangrove forest""'. Mangrove swamps are found in depositional coastal environments, where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas"
"in poorly drained soil. It does not do well in limy or saline soils and prefers a sunny situation. Melaleuca squamea Melaleuca squamea, commonly known as swamp honey-myrtle, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to south eastern parts of Australia, especially Tasmania. It is an erect shrub growing in damp and swampy places with crowded leaves and many heads of pink to purple flowers in spring. ""Melaleuca squamea"" is a shrub growing to high, sometimes to with corky or rough, scaly bark and stiff, rather erect branches. Its leaves are arranged alternately, long, wide, crowded,"
"live over 1,000 years. Determination of the age of an old tree may be difficult because of frequent missing or false rings of stemwood caused by variable and stressful growing environments. Bald cypress trees growing in swamps have a peculiarity of growth called cypress knees. These are woody projections from the root system project above the ground or water. Their function was once thought to be to provide oxygen to the roots, which grow in the low dissolved oxygen (DO) waters typical of a swamp (as in mangroves). However, evidence for this is scant; in fact, roots of swamp-dwelling specimens"
"Aerial root Aerial roots are roots above the ground. They are almost always adventitious. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes such as orchids, tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves, the resourceful banyan trees, the warm-temperate rainforest rata (""Metrosideros robusta"") and pohutukawa (""M. excelsa"") trees of New Zealand and vines such as Common Ivy (""Hedera helix"") and poison ivy (""Toxicodendron radicans""). This plant organ that is found in so many diverse plant families has different specializations that suit the plant habitat. In general growth form, they can be technically classed as ""negatively Banyan trees are an example"
"the toponym; or (correctly) a shrub-like tree (""Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea"", formerly ""Ixora manila"" Blanco) found in or near mangrove swamps, and known as ""nilád"" or ""nilár"" in Tagalog. From a linguistic perspective it is unlikely for native Tagalog speakers to completely drop the final consonant /d/ in ""nilad"" to achieve the present form ""Maynilà"". Historian Ambeth Ocampo also states that in all early documents the place had always been called """"Maynilà"""" (eventually adopted into Spanish as ""Manila"") — and never referred to with the final /d/. Despite the ""may-nilad"" etymology being erroneous, it continues to be perpetuated through uncritical repetition in"
"the wooded swamp of the southeastern United States, also known in the United Kingdom as wet woodland. It is a fen overgrown with generally small trees of species such as willow (""Salix spp."") or alder (""Alnus"" spp.). In general, fens may change in composition as peat accumulates. A list of species found in a fen can therefore cover a range of species from those remaining from the earlier stage in the successional development to the pioneers of the succeeding stage. Where streams of base-rich water run through bog, these are often lined by strips of fen, separating ""islands"" of rain-fed"
"Conocarpus erectus Conocarpus erectus, commonly called buttonwood or button mangrove, is a mangrove shrub in the family Combretaceae. This species grows on shorelines in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Locations it is known from include Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Central and South America from Mexico to Brazil on the Atlantic coast and Mexico to Ecuador on the Pacific coast, western Africa and in Melanesia and Polynesia. It was introduced in Kuwait because it can thrive in high temperatures and absorbs brackish water. ""Conocarpus erectus"" is usually a dense multiple-trunked shrub, tall, but can grow into a"
"help support the tree and capture nutrients. These specialized roots tolerate high carbon dioxide concentrations, oxidize the rhizosphere, and carry on anaerobic respiration. Thus, they are the key to the species ability to thrive under flooded conditions. Nyssa biflora Nyssa biflora, commonly referred to as the swamp tupelo, or swamp black-gum is a species of tupelo that lives in wetland habitats. Swamp tupelo grows chiefly in the coastal plains from Delaware, eastern Maryland, and southeastern Virginia, south to southern Florida and west to eastern Texas. Its range extends north up the Mississippi Valley to southern Arkansas and west and south"
"to 700 years old and tall. The Fakahatchee Strand is a tree-filled channel of slowly moving water that is long and wide. Strand swamps are often dominated by bald cypress (""Taxodium distichum""). Shallower strand swamps may contain pond cypress (""Taxodium ascendens""). When either of these trees dominate, the strand is known as a ""cypress strand"". Outside of protected areas, most old-growth cypress trees in Florida along streams or lakes have been harvested for their rot-resistant wood. Beneath a strand swamp are layers of peat. Established strand swamps with a large amount of vegetation have deep peat layers. These deep peat"
"level, it grows in swamps or areas where the water table is high, generally fresh or brackish in nature. Older plants are able to tolerate salt but seedlings cannot. ""Eucalyptus robusta"" can also grow in highly acidic sulphate estuarine soils with a pH as low as 2.5. It is a dominant tree in swamp forests, often growing in pure stands or with other trees such as red mahogany (""E. resinifera""), red bloodwood (""Corymbia gummifera""), pink bloodwood (""Corymbia intermedia""), swamp sheoak (""Casuarina glauca""), snow-in-summer (""Melaleuca linariifolia""), swamp paperbark (""M. ericifolia"") and, less commonly, forest red gum (""E. tereticornis""). A long-lived tree,"
"coast. Pandanus is common in the littoral habitat, and is a component of strandline and coastal vegetation, including grassy or swampy woodlands, secondary forests, and scrub thickets developed on makatea (raised fossilized coralline limestone terraces). It occurs on the margins of mangroves and swamps, as an understory tree in the plantation of coconut and forest, either planted or naturalized. Associated species of native habitat include creepers such as ""Ipomoea pescaprae"", ""Canavalia sericea"", and ""Vigna marina"". Other coastal thickets and forest associates include ""Acacia simplex"", ""Amaroria soulameoides"", ""Tournefortia argentea"", ""Barringtonia asiatica"", ""Bruguiera gymnorhiza"", ""Calophyllum inophyllum"", ""Casuarina equisetifolia"", ""Cerbera manghas"", ""Chrysobalanus icaco,"
"Scaevola taccada Scaevola taccada, also known as beach cabbage, sea lettuce, beach naupaka, naupaka kahakai (Hawaiian), magoo (Divehi), merambong (Malay), bapaceda or papatjeda (Moluccan Islands), ngahu (Tongan) is a flowering plant in the family Goodeniaceae found in coastal locations in the tropical areas of the Indo-Pacific. It is a common beach shrub throughout the Arabian Sea, the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Islands of the Pacific. It is a large bush reaching up to about 4 m in height typical of littoral zones where it grows very close to the sea exposed to the salt spray, usually on sandy"
"the mud. A similar structure is developed by the Indian banyan. Many large trees have buttress roots which flare out from the lower part of the trunk. These brace the tree rather like angle brackets and provide stability, reducing sway in high winds. They are particularly prevalent in tropical rainforests where the soil is poor and the roots are close to the surface. Some tree species have developed root extensions that pop out of soil, in order to get oxygen, when it is not available in the soil because of excess water. These root extensions are called pneumatophores, and are"
"far enough inland. There are three species of trees that are considered mangroves: red (""Rhizophora mangle""), black (""Avicennia germinans""), and white (""Laguncularia racemosa""), although all are from different families. All grow in oxygen-poor soil, can survive drastic water level changes, and are tolerant of salt, brackish, and fresh water. All three mangrove species are integral to coastline protection during severe storms. Red mangroves have the farthest-reaching roots, trapping sediments that help build coastlines after and between storms. All three types of trees absorb the energy of waves and storm surges. Everglades mangroves also serve as nurseries for crustaceans and fish,"
"contribute a larger proportion of the world's photosynthetic output than all the terrestrial forests combined. Most of the niche occupied by sub plants on land is actually occupied by macroscopic algae in the ocean, such as ""Sargassum"" and kelp, which are commonly known as seaweeds that create kelp forests. Plants that survive in the sea are often found in shallow waters, such as the seagrasses (examples of which are eelgrass, ""Zostera"", and turtle grass, ""Thalassia""). These plants have adapted to the high salinity of the ocean environment. The intertidal zone is also a good place to find plant life in"
"sea water. Mangrove trees grow in fresh water ecosystems when the salt water flows far enough inland. The Everglades have the most extensive contiguous system of mangroves in the world. The mangrove forests of the Ten Thousand Islands cover almost . Three species of mangrove trees exist in the region: red (""Rhizophora mangle""), black (""Avicennia germinans""), and white (""Laguncularia racemosa""), although all are from different families. All have the same characteristics: they are tolerant of salt, brackish, and fresh water; they grow in oxygen-poor soil; and they can survive drastic water-level changes. Black and white mangroves excrete salt from under"
"acres of marsh. It displaces native plants, growing colonially in thick monotypic stands. Dense mats or stands of the grass cause hypoxia in the water. Torpedograss management in flood control systems costs an estimated US$2 million per year. The plant is established in sandy coastal habitat on the United States' Gulf Coast, such as beaches and dunes, from Florida to Texas. There it occurs with beach plants such as turtleweed (""Batis maritima""), saltgrass (""Distichlis spicata""), marsh fimbry (""Fimbristylis castanea""), largeleaf pennywort (""Hydrocotyle bonariensis""), and dwarf saltwort (""Salicornia bigelovii""). It grows on many barrier islands. It grows in many types of"
"have a physiology that collects water from humidity, and absorbs it directly. Aerial root Aerial roots are roots above the ground. They are almost always adventitious. They are found in diverse plant species, including epiphytes such as orchids, tropical coastal swamp trees such as mangroves, the resourceful banyan trees, the warm-temperate rainforest rata (""Metrosideros robusta"") and pohutukawa (""M. excelsa"") trees of New Zealand and vines such as Common Ivy (""Hedera helix"") and poison ivy (""Toxicodendron radicans""). This plant organ that is found in so many diverse plant families has different specializations that suit the plant habitat. In general growth form,"
"botanical descriptions—trees, shrubs and subshrubs, growing naturally in rainforests, brigalow scrubs, monsoon forests (rainforests in a climate of a summer wet season and cool dry season, with drought–deciduous trees), tropical savannas, coastal scrubs, some arid desert areas and in similar vegetation associations further south than the tropics. Certain species particularly occur in Australia's restricted areas of naturally high nutrient soil types, for instances, soils built from limestone or basalt parent materials. Areas of more fertile soils than average Australian soils, have not surprisingly had their native vegetation associations preferentially destroyed for converting the soils to European–Australian agricultural methods. This has"
"limpets and crustaceans, and algae may grow on the stems and leaves. Sea grass was used by Native American tribes along the Southern California Coast to make cordage and other woven objects, including specimens from San Miguel Island dated between about 10,000 and 8,600 years ago (see Connolly, Erlandson, and Norris 1992). Phyllospadix scouleri Phyllospadix scouleri, or Scouler's surfgrass, is a flowering marine plant in the family Zosteraceae. It is native to the coastline of western North America from the Alaskan panhandle to Baja California. This slender, vivid green plant has long, flat blades. It grows in large clumps or"
"antifungal agent in medicines. Caulerpa serrulata Caulerpa serrulata, commonly known as cactus tree alga or serrated green seaweed, is a species of seaweed in the ""Caulerpaceae"" family found in warm marine water environments. The seaweed has a green to grey-green thallus that typically grows to outward to around . It has small blades that have serrated edges and grow upward from long, cylindrically shaped runners anchored to the substrate. The blades are often forked and less frequently twisted. Each of the blades is to around long. The blades are light to medium mint green in colour, frequently with bluish tints."