What is the common name given to rubella?
"Rubella virus Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of the disease rubella, and is the cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of pregnancy. Rubella virus is the only member of the genus ""Rubivirus"" and belongs to the family of ""Togaviridae"", whose members commonly have a genome of single-stranded RNA of positive polarity which is enclosed by an icosahedral capsid. The molecular basis for the causation of congenital rubella syndrome are not yet completely clear, but ""in vitro"" studies with cell lines showed that rubella virus has an apoptotic effect on certain cell types."
"Minuartia rubella Minuartia rubella is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by several common names, including beautiful sandwort, mountain sandwort, Arctic sandwort, and boreal stitchwort. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle on the Arctic tundra into the alpine climates of mountainous areas in temperate Eurasia and North America. It grows in rocky, moist, often barren habitat, including gravelly, sparsely vegetated slopes with little organic matter. It is a calciphile, growing in calcareous substrates such as soils rich in decomposed limestone. This is a small, mat-forming perennial herb"
"each year. The disease is caused by rubella virus, a togavirus that is enveloped and has a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus is transmitted by the respiratory route and replicates in the nasopharynx and lymph nodes. The virus is found in the blood 5 to 7 days after infection and spreads throughout the body. The virus has teratogenic properties and is capable of crossing the placenta and infecting the fetus where it stops cells from developing or destroys them. During this incubation period, the patient is contagious typically for about one week before he/she develops a rash and for about"
"that for age-related macular degeneration, including counseling, regular monitoring, and the provision of low vision devices, if required. Rubella infection of children and adults is usually mild, self-limiting and often asymptomatic. The prognosis in children born with CRS is poor. Rubella occurs worldwide. The virus tends to peak during the spring in countries with temperate climates. Before the vaccine against rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6–9 years in the United States and 3–5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group. Since the introduction of vaccine, occurrences have become rare"
"Russula caerulea Russula caerulea, commonly known as the humpback brittlegill, is a member of the ""Russula"" genus, whose members are also known as brittlegills. It is a dark vinaceous or purple-colored edible mushroom, and grows with coniferous trees in late summer and autumn. It is found in Europe and North America. First described by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in his 1801 work ""Synopsis methodica fungorum"" as ""Agaricus caeruleus"", its specific epithet is the Latin ""caeruleus"" meaning ""blue"". It was transferred to the genus ""Russula"" in 1838 by the Swedish father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries. The 1927 name ""Russula amara"""
"significance. In a 2012 publication, mycologist Mike Davis and colleagues suggest that western North American ""Russula brevipes"" comprise a complex of at least four distinct species. According to MycoBank, the European species ""Russula chloroides"" is synonymous with ""R. brevipes"", although Index Fungorum and other sources consider them distinct species. The specific epithet ""brevipes"" is derived from the Latin words ""brevis"" ""short"" and ""pes"" ""foot"", hence ""short-footed"". Common names used to refer to the mushroom include short-stemmed russula, short-stalked white russula, and stubby brittlegill. Fully grown, the cap can range from in diameter, whitish to dull-yellow, and is funnel-shaped with a"
"is commonly named the ""rubber cup"", the ""rufous rubber cup"", or the ""hairy rubber cup"". In Sabah, it is known as ""mata rusa"" (deer eyes), and in Sarawak, ""mata kerbau"" (buffalo eyes). The fruit bodies of ""G. rufa"" are initially closed and roughly spherical to top-shaped, and resemble minute puffballs. They later open in the shape of a shallow cup, and reach diameters of wide. The cup margin is curved inwards and irregularly toothed; the teeth are a lighter color than the hymenium. The interior surface of the cup, which bears the spore-bearing surface (the hymenium) is reddish-brown to orange-brown."
"Campanula rotundifolia Campanula rotundifolia, the harebell, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. It has a circumpolar distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, from about latitude 40° N to about 78° N, extending in Europe from the north Mediterranean to the arctic. In Scotland, it is often known as the bluebell. Elsewhere in Britain, bluebell refers to ""Hyacinthoides non-scripta"", and in North America, bluebell refers to Virginia bluebell. ""Campanula rotundifolia"" was historically also known by several other names including blawort, hair-bell, lady's thimble, witch's bells, and witch's thimbles. ""Campanula rotundifolia"" is a perennial species of flowering plant,"
"of the many species first described by the father of taxonomy Carl Linnaeus, and appeared in the 1753 edition of ""Species Plantarum"". Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin ""ruber"" ""red"". The epithets ""acuminata"", ""acutifolia"", and ""lutea"" are seen, but these are invalid. The common name “frangipani” comes from an Italian noble family, a sixteenth-century marquess of which invented a plumeria-scented perfume. In Mexico the common name is ""cacaloxochitl"" or ""suchitl"". The name comes from Nahuatl and means “crow’s flower”. ""P. rubra"" was declared the national flower of Nicaragua in 1971, where it is known as ""sacuanjoche"". The term"
"growing in a low, tight clump of hairy, glandular herbage. The green, three-veined leaves are needlelike or flattened, no more than a centimeter long and a millimeter wide. The plant blooms in summer with tiny flowers made up of pointed sepals under 4 millimeters long and five white petals roughly the same length or slightly smaller. Minuartia rubella Minuartia rubella is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by several common names, including beautiful sandwort, mountain sandwort, Arctic sandwort, and boreal stitchwort. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout the northernmost Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle"
"rufa"") in Persoon's small genus ""Gyrocephalus"" (rejected name for ""Gyromitra""). The proper name for the fungus was debated for some time, as the name ""Guepinia"" is a homonym (pointed out by Fries in 1828), because it had been used by Toussaint Bastard in 1812 for a genus of flowering plants in the Cruciferae family. To further complicate matters, the generic name ""Teesdalia"", originally considered to have priority over the name ""Guepinia"" for the plant genus, was later determined to have been validly published after ""Guepinia"", rendering ""Teesdalia"" an illegitimate name. In 1982, changes in the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature"
"Russula fellea The mushroom Russula fellea goes by the common name of the geranium-scented Russula, or bitter Russule and is a member of the ""Russula"" genus, all of which are commonly known as brittlegills. It is straw or honey coloured and in Britain grows in beech woods during autumn. It is inedible. It was first described and named in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, initially as ""Agaricus felleus"", before being placed in the genus ""Russula"" in 1838. Its specific epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ""felleus"" meaning ""biliary"", in reference to its bitter taste, reminiscent of"
"are generally known as the ""crimson rosella"", with the alternate names ""Red Lowry"", ""Pennant's parakeet"", ""Campbell parakeet"", ""(blue) mountain parrot"", ""(blue) mountain lowry"" or just plain ""lowry"" occasionally heard. Cayley reported that the first two alternate names were most common in the early part of the twentieth century. On Norfolk Island it is called simply ""red parrot"". The ""yellow rosella"", also known by a variety of alternate common names including ""Murrumbidgee lowry"", ""murray rosella"", ""swamp lowry"" and ""yellow-rumped parakeet"", was described as ""Platycercus flaveolus"" by John Gould, who gave it the last common name mentioned. It was reduced to subspecies"
"Prunella (plant) Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine. Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but ""Prunella vulgaris"" (the Common Self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Prunellas are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints. The common name ""self-heal"" derives from the use of some species"
"discovered and named by the same Soviet researchers (Lutfullin et al., 1976), giving it a name that is still valid. Barbarin and resedine can also be called alkaloids, but they are not typical alkaloids, in that they do not exist in the intact plant but are only formed after crushing the plant physically (Agerbirk et al., 2018). Glucobarbarin, like other glucosinolates, is known to attract cabbage butterflies for egg-laying. Any ecological, medical or health effects of barbarin and resedine are poorly understood (Agerbirk et al., 2018). Reseda luteola Reseda luteola is a plant species in the genus ""Reseda"". Common names"
"Galiella rufa Galiella rufa, commonly known as the rubber cup, the rufous rubber cup, or the hairy rubber cup, is a species of fungus in the family Sarcosomataceae. The fungus produces cup-shaped fruit bodies that typically grow in clusters on branches and exposed portions of buried wood throughout eastern and Midwest North America and in Malaysia. The fruit bodies have the texture of tough, gelatinous rubber, and have a rough, blackish-brown, felt-like outer surface and a smooth reddish-brown inner surface. Although generally considered inedible by North American mushroom field guides, it is commonly consumed in Malaysia. The fungus produces several"
"Ruellia Ruellia is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as ruellias or wild petunias. They are not closely related to petunias (""Petunia"") although both genera belong to the same euasterid clade. The genus was named in honor of Jean Ruelle, herbalist and physician to Francis I of France and translator of several works of Dioscorides. Apart from the numerous formerly independent genera nowadays considered synonymous with ""Ruellia"", the segregate genera ""Blechum"", ""Eusiphon"", ""Polylychnis"" and ""Ulleria"" are often included in ""Ruellia"". ""Acanthopale"", however, is considered a distinct genus. Ruellias are popular ornamental plants. Some are used as medicinal plants, but"
"measles."" Rubella has symptoms that are similar to those of flu. However, the primary symptom of rubella virus infection is the appearance of a rash (exanthem) on the face which spreads to the trunk and limbs and usually fades after three days (that is why it is often referred to as three-day measles). The facial rash usually clears as it spreads to other parts of the body. Other symptoms include low grade fever, swollen glands (sub-occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy), joint pains, headache, and conjunctivitis. The swollen glands or lymph nodes can persist for up to a week and the"
"Rubia peregrina Rubia peregrina, the common wild madder, is a herbaceous perennial plant species belonging to the bedstraw and coffee family Rubiaceae. The genus name ""Rubia"" derives from the Latin ' meaning ""red"", as the roots of some species (mainly ""Rubia tinctorum"") have been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective ' meaning ""foreign, alien, exotic, strange."" The stem is woody, hairless, square and climbing and reaches on average long. The evergreen leaves are sessile, glossy, leathery, oval-lanceolate and toothed on the margins. They are arranged in whorls, usually with five"
"treat eyestrain, sore eyes, and as insect repellent. Rue has been used internally as an antispasmodic, as a treatment for menstrual problems, as an abortifacient, and as a sedative. ""Ruta graveolens"" and ""Ruta chalepensis"" are often confused in scientific literature. Caution should be taken with using rue topically. Applied to the skin with sun exposure, the oil and leaves can cause blistering. Some people are much more sensitive than others. Ruta Ruta (commonly known as rue) is a genus of strongly scented evergreen subshrubs, 20–60 cm tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia and southwest Asia."
"Blusher The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus ""Amanita"". A. rubescens, found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta in western North America. Both their scientific and common names are derived from the propensity of their flesh to turn pink on bruising, or cutting. The mushroom is edible. Readily recognizable by its pinkish color on the bottom of the stem, it is avoided by novice mushroomers as it can be confused with deadly poisonous species. The European blusher has a reddish-brown convex pileus (cap), that is up to 15 cm across,"
"Rubia Rubia is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. It contains around 80 species of perennial scrambling or climbing herbs and subshrubs native to the Old World. The genus and its best-known species are commonly known as madder, e.g. ""Rubia tinctorum"" (common madder), ""Rubia peregrina"" (wild madder), and ""Rubia cordifolia"" (Indian madder). ""Rubia"" was an economically important source of a red pigment in many regions of Asia, Europe and Africa. The genus name ""Rubia"" derives from the Latin """" meaning ""red"". The plant's roots contain an anthracene compound called alizarin that gives its red colour to a"
"studies by German physician David Bardens, Lanka did not accept the findings, forcing Bardens to appeal in court. The legal case ended with the ruling that Lanka was to pay the prize. The case received wide international coverage that prompted many to comment on it, including neurologist, well-known skeptic and science-based medicine advocate Steven Novella, who called Lanka ""a crank"". Other names include morbilli, rubeola, red measles, and English measles. In May 2015, the journal ""Science"", published a report in which researchers found that the measles infection can leave a population at increased risk for mortality from other diseases for"
"a bitter cap skin after chewing. Russula caerulea Russula caerulea, commonly known as the humpback brittlegill, is a member of the ""Russula"" genus, whose members are also known as brittlegills. It is a dark vinaceous or purple-colored edible mushroom, and grows with coniferous trees in late summer and autumn. It is found in Europe and North America. First described by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in his 1801 work ""Synopsis methodica fungorum"" as ""Agaricus caeruleus"", its specific epithet is the Latin ""caeruleus"" meaning ""blue"". It was transferred to the genus ""Russula"" in 1838 by the Swedish father of mycology Elias Magnus"
"by the mother after 20 weeks of gestation and continues to disseminate the virus after birth. It was discovered in 1941 by Australian Norman McAlister Gregg. The classic triad for congenital rubella syndrome is: Other manifestations of CRS may include: Children who have been exposed to rubella in the womb should also be watched closely as they age for any indication of: Vaccinating the majority of the population is effective at preventing congenital rubella syndrome. Congenital rubella syndrome Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) can occur in a developing fetus of a pregnant woman who has contracted rubella, usually in the first"
"appendiculatus"" species group, consisting of ""R. appendiculatus"", ""R. armatus"", ""R. carnivoralis"", ""R. duttoni"", ""R. humeralis"", ""R. maculatus"", ""R. muehlensi"", ""R. nitens"", ""R. pulchellus"", ""R. sculptus"", and ""R. zambeziensis"". In Neumann's 1901 description of ""R. maculatus"", he mistakenly described female specimens of ""R. pulchellus"" as representing the female of this new species. The specific epithets ""pulchellus"" and ""marmoreus"" are Latin adjectives meaning ""beautiful little"" and ""made or consisting of marble"", respectively; the word ' is a diminutive of ' ""beautiful"". These refer to the male scutal pattern. It is also known by the common name ""zebra tick"" both due to its"
"Russula delica Russula delica is a mushroom that goes by the common name of milk-white brittlegill, and is a member of the genus ""Russula"", all of which are collectively known as brittlegills. It is mostly white, with ochraceous or brownish cap markings, and a short robust stem. It is edible, but poor in taste, and grows in coniferous, broadleaved, or mixed woods. It can be confused with other white ""Russula"" species and certain white ""Lactarius"" species. First described by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1838, its specific epithet ""delica"" is Latin for ""weaned"". Older names include Christian Hendrik"
"myelin of neurons in the CNS, deficiency of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the visual cortex and auditory cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, which relate to general learning and motor skill acquisition. Rubella, synonymous with German measles, is a disease caused by a virus with the same name and is highly contagious. It is often combated using preventative measures, typically through vaccination. For children and adults it can be overcome quite easily once vaccinated, however, if the fetus is exposed to the virus, especially during the first trimester (the first three months of pregnancy), major implications can occur. Rubella, in a"
"Robinia Robinia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, native to North America and northern Mexico. Commonly known as locusts, they are deciduous trees and shrubs growing tall. The leaves are pinnate with 7–21 oval leaflets. The flowers are white or pink, in usually pendulous racemes. Many species have thorny shoots, and several have sticky hairs on the shoots. The genus is named after the royal French gardeners Jean Robin and his son , who introduced the plant to Europe in 1601. The number of species is disputed between different authorities, with as few as"
"used as an ingredient in some bodybuilding supplements. Prunella (plant) Prunella is a genus of herbaceous plants in the family Lamiaceae, also known as self-heals, heal-all, or allheal for their use in herbal medicine. Most are native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but ""Prunella vulgaris"" (the Common Self-heal) is Holarctic in distribution, occurring in North America as well, and is a common lawn weed. Prunellas are low-growing plants, and thrive in moist wasteland and grass, spreading rapidly to cover the ground. They are members of the mint family and have the square stem common to mints. The common name"
"Gellius notes. But the gender of this deity is elusive. The agricultural writer Columella gives the name in the feminine as Robigo, like the word used for a form of the disease of wheat rust, which has a reddish or reddish-brown color. Both ""Robigus"" and ""robigo"" are also found as ""Rubig-"" which, following the etymology-by-association of antiquity, was thought to be connected to the color red (""ruber"") as a form of homeopathic or sympathetic magic. The color is thematic: the disease was red, the requisite puppies (or sometimes bitches) had a red coat, the red of blood recalls the distinctively"
"rubescens"" is known to contain a hemolytic protein in its raw state; it is unknown whether North American ""A. rubescens"" and ""A. novinupta"" are similarly toxic when eaten raw. This protein is destroyed by cooking, so it is important to cook this mushroom before eating. ""Amanita novinupta"" is highly regarded as a choice edible in the region in which it is found. However, the edibility of blusher species other than ""A. rubescens"" and ""A. novinupta"" has not been established and experimentation is not advised. Blusher The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus ""Amanita""."
"Russula vesca Russula vesca, known by the common names of bare-toothed Russula or the flirt, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus ""Russula"". ""Russula vesca"" was described, and named by the eminent Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878). The specific epithet is the feminine of the Latin adjective ""vescus"", meaning ""edible"". The skin of the cap typically does not reach the margins (resulting in the common names). The cap is 5–10 cm wide,flat, convex, or with slightly depressed centre, weakly sticky, colour brownish to dark brick-red. Taste mild. Gills close apart, white. The stipe narrows toward the base, 2–7 cm"