The brave Sophie Scholl who was beheaded in Nazi Germany for distributing pamphlets deriding the regime was part of what 'floral' non-violent movement?
"""Sophie Scholl: The Real Story of the Woman who Defied Hitler"" by Frank McDonough. In February 2010, Carl Hanser Verlag released ""Sophie Scholl: A Biography"" (in German), by Barbara Beuys. American playwright Lillian Garrett-Groag's play ""The White Rose"" features Scholl as a major character. ""We Will Not Be Silent"", a dramatization by David Meyers of Scholl's imprisonment and interrogation, premiered at the Contemporary American Theater Festival in Shepherdstown, West Virginia in July, 2017. George Donaldson, a Scottish folk singer wrote a song called 'The White Rose' on an Album titled the same, about Sophie and the White Rose movement. The"
"Hans and Sophie Scholl Hans and Sophie Scholl, often referred to in German as (the Scholl siblings), were a brother and sister who were members of the White Rose, a student group in Munich that was active in the non-violent resistance movement in Nazi Germany, especially in distributing flyers against the war and the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. In post-war Germany, Hans and Sophie Scholl are recognized as symbols of the Christian German resistance movement against the totalitarian Nazi regime. In a broader, genealogical sense, there were actually six Scholl siblings: Inge (1917–1998), Hans (1918–1943), Elisabeth (born 1920), Sophie (1921–1943),"
"Sophie Scholl Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having been found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of Munich (LMU) with her brother, Hans. As a result, she was executed by guillotine. Since the 1970s, Scholl has been extensively commemorated for her anti-Nazi resistance work. Scholl was the daughter of Magdalena (Müller) and liberal politician and ardent Nazi critic Robert Scholl, who was the mayor of her hometown of Forchtenberg"
"Stalingrad. During this time, the authors of the pamphlets could neither be discovered, nor could the campaign be stopped by the Nazi authorities. When Hans and Sophie Scholl were discovered and arrested whilst distributing leaflets at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the regime reacted brutally. As the ""Volksgerichtshof"" was not bound to the law, but led by Nazi ideology, its actions were declared unlawful in post-war Germany. Thus, the execution of the White Rose group members, among many others, is considered as judicial murder. The members of the core group all shared an academic background, being students at Munich University."
"passively resist the Nazi government. The pamphlet used both Biblical and philosophical support for an intellectual argument of resistance. In addition to authorship and protection, Scholl helped copy, distribute, and mail pamphlets while also managing the group's finances. She and the rest of the White Rose were arrested for distributing the sixth leaflet at the University of Munich on 18 February 1943. In the People's Court before Judge Roland Freisler on 22 February 1943, Scholl was recorded as saying these words: There was no testimony allowed for the defendants; this was their only defense. On 22 February 1943, Scholl, her"
"at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Medizin. In the early summer of 1942, Scholl, his sister Sophie, Willi Graf, Kurt Huber, Christoph Probst and Alexander Schmorell co-authored six anti-Nazi Third Reich political resistance leaflets. Calling themselves the White Rose, they instructed Germans to practice nonviolent resistance against the Nazis. The group had been horrified by the behavior of some German soldiers on the Eastern Front, where they had witnessed cruelty towards Jews in Poland and Soviet Union. The leaflets were distributed around the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, where the group's members studied, and at the University of Hamburg. Leaflets were also mailed"
"The White Rose was a student group that printed and distributed leaflets highly critical of Nazi war crimes, particularly against the Jews on the eastern front. They said the war could not be won and were mostly active after the Wehrmacht's disastrous reverse at the Battle of Stalingrad and the collapse of Operation Barbarossa. They warned that the German people might become ""forever the nation hated and rejected by all mankind"". Sophie and Hans were caught distributing the leaflets, tried for treason and executed by guillotine, along with another White Rose member, Christoph Probst. Inge and other Scholl family members"
"the Federal Republic of Germany as well as the German Democratic Republic have named streets, plazas and schools after the Scholl siblings. is the most common school name in Germany. In the Thuringian town of Flurstedt, there is even a fountain. Hans and Sophie Scholl Hans and Sophie Scholl, often referred to in German as (the Scholl siblings), were a brother and sister who were members of the White Rose, a student group in Munich that was active in the non-violent resistance movement in Nazi Germany, especially in distributing flyers against the war and the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. In"
"by guillotine was the usual means of execution in Germany until the abolition of the death penalty in West Germany in 1949. In Nazi Germany, the ""Fallbeil"" was reserved for common criminals and people convicted of political crimes, including treason. Members of the White Rose resistance movement, a group of students in Munich that included siblings Sophie and Hans Scholl, were famously executed by decapitation. Contrary to popular myth, executions were generally not conducted face up, and chief executioner Johann Reichhart was insistent on maintaining ""professional"" protocol throughout the era, having administered the death penalty during the earlier Weimar Republic."
"Hans Scholl Hans Fritz Scholl (22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was a founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. He was executed by the Nazis. Scholl was born in Ingersheim (now a part of Crailsheim, Baden-Württemberg). His father, Robert, later became the mayor of Forchtenberg am Kocher. Hans was the second of six children: Scholl was raised as a Lutheran, although he did at one point consider converting to Catholicism. Scholl joined the Hitler Youth in 1933, but quickly became disillusioned with the group when he realised its true principles. He later studied medicine"
"27 and 29 January 1943 by the members and supporters of the group to many cities, and then mailed from there. Copies appeared in Saarbrücken, Stuttgart, Cologne, Vienna, Freiburg, Chemnitz, Hamburg, Innsbruck and Berlin. Sophie Scholl stated during her Gestapo interrogation that from summer 1942 on, the aim of the White Rose was to address a broader range of the population. Consequently, in the fifth leaflet, the name of the group was changed from White Rose to ""German Resistance Movement"", and also the style of writing became more polemic and less intellectual. The students had become convinced during their military"
"had joined the Hitler Youth, and Sophie Scholl was a member of the Bund Deutscher Mädel. Membership in both party youth organizations was compulsory for young Germans, although a few—such as Willi Graf, Otl Aicher, and Heinz Brenner—refused to join. Sophie and Hans' sister Inge Scholl reported about the initial enthusiasm of the young people for the Nazi youth organization, to their parents' dismay: Youth organizations other than those led by the Nazi party were dissolved and officially forbidden in 1936. Both Hans Scholl and Willi Graf were arrested in 1937–38 because of their membership in forbidden Youth Movement organizations."
"Sophie and Hans Scholl, members of the resistance group ""White Rose"", executed in 1943 by the National Socialists (Nazis). In 1946 Inge Scholl along with Otl Aicher and a group of young intellectuals considered creating a teaching and research institution to foster the humanistic education ideal and link creative activity to everyday life. They would seek this goal in context of the cultural reconstruction of German society morally destroyed by Nazism and World War II. The project was funded through the influx of a million marks by John McCloy of the American High Command for Germany in the post-war governing"
"English punk band Zatopeks released an eponymous love song for Sophie Scholl on their debut album (2005). Mickey 3D, a French rock band, wrote a song called ""La Rose Blanche"" on an album titled ""Sebolavy"" (2016). Rock band Sheer Mag recorded a song called ""(Say Goodbye to) Sophie Scholl"" on its 2017 debut album ""Need to Feel Your Love"". Reg Meuross, UK folk singer/songwriter wrote ""For Sophie"" which features on his album ""Faraway People"" - released 28 July 2017. Sophie Scholl Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active"
"White Rose manifesto were smuggled to Scandinavia and then to England, where the Allies printed millions of copies of the ""Manifesto of the Students of Munich"" that were subsequently dropped on German cities. The first frames of the credits list the names of the seven members of the White Rose group who were executed, more than a dozen who were imprisoned, and supporters and sympathizers who received draconian punishments. Sophie Scholl – The Final Days Sophie Scholl – The Final Days () is a 2005 German historical drama film directed by Marc Rothemund and written by Fred Breinersdorfer. It is"
"book, ""From Yes to No. A Swabian Youth 1933–1945"" (2000). The in the foyer of the EinsteinHaus, the headquarters of the Ulmer Volkshochschule (Adult Education Centre of Ulm) includes a portrait of Susanne Hirzel. Susanne Hirzel Susanne Zeller, née Hirzel (7 November 1921 in Untersteinbach – 4 December 2012), was a member of the resistance group ""White Rose"", for which she was arrested and convicted, but avoided the death penalty. Susanne Hirzel, daughter of Ulm pastor Ernst Hirzel and granddaughter of the geographer Robert Gradmann, was initially an enthusiastic member of the League of German Girls (where Sophie Scholl was"
"White Rose group was formed by Munich University students and advocated non-violent resistance against the Hitler regime. From 1942, White Rose published leaflets to influence people against Nazism and militarism. They criticised the ""anti-Christian"" and ""anti-social"" nature of the war. Among the leaders of the group, Willi Graf had been involved with the banned Catholic Youth movement and Christoph Probst was baptised into the church on the day of his execution. The Lutheran Hans Scholl had read Bishop von Galen's 1941 sermons and had worked for Professor Carl Muth, editor of the Catholic Magazine ""High Land"", which had been banned"
"text of the sixth leaflet of the White Rose was smuggled out of Germany through Scandinavia to the United Kingdom by the German lawyer and member of the Kreisau Circle, Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. In July 1943, copies were dropped over Germany by Allied planes, retitled ""The Manifesto of the Students of Munich"". Thus, the activities of the White Rose became widely known in World War II Germany, but, like other attempts at resistance, did not provoke any active opposition against the totalitarian regime within the German population. For many years, Hans and Sophie's sister Inge Scholl's commemorative book"
"society"". Over 2700 Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox clergy were imprisoned at Dachau alone. After Heydrich (who was staunchly anti-Catholic and anti-Christian) was assassinated in Prague, his successor, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, relaxed some of the policies and then disbanded Department IVB (religious opponents) of the Gestapo. Between June 1942 and March 1943, student protests were calling for an end to the Nazi regime. These included the non-violent resistance of Hans and Sophie Scholl, two leaders of the White Rose student group. However, resistance groups and those who were in moral or political opposition to the Nazis were stalled by the fear of"
"White Rose The White Rose () was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in the Third Reich led by a group of students and a professor at the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign which called for active opposition to the Nazi party regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 June 1942, and ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February 1943. They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court (""Volksgerichtshof""),"
"http://white-rose-studies.org/The_Leaflets.html White Rose The White Rose () was a non-violent, intellectual resistance group in the Third Reich led by a group of students and a professor at the University of Munich. The group conducted an anonymous leaflet and graffiti campaign which called for active opposition to the Nazi party regime. Their activities started in Munich on 27 June 1942, and ended with the arrest of the core group by the Gestapo on 18 February 1943. They, as well as other members and supporters of the group who carried on distributing the pamphlets, faced show trials by the Nazi People's Court"
"Sophie Scholl – The Final Days Sophie Scholl – The Final Days () is a 2005 German historical drama film directed by Marc Rothemund and written by Fred Breinersdorfer. It is about the last days in the life of Sophie Scholl, a 21-year-old member of the anti-Nazi non-violent student resistance group the White Rose, part of the German Resistance movement. She was found guilty of high treason by the People’s Court and executed the same day, 22 February 1943. The film was presented at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2005 and won Silver Bear awards for Best"
"just about to establish contacts with other German resistance groups like the Kreisau Circle or the Schulze-Boysen/Harnack group of the Red Orchestra. Today, the White Rose is well-known both within Germany and worldwide. Students from the University of Munich comprised the core of the White Rose: the siblings Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl, Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, Christoph Probst, and Kurt Huber, a professor of philosophy and musicology. They were supported by other people, including Traute Lafrenz, Katharina Schüddekopf, Lieselotte (Lilo) Berndl, Jürgen Wittenstein, Marie-Luise Jahn, Falk Harnack, Hubert Furtwängler, Wilhelm Geyer, Manfred Eickemeyer, Josef Söhngen, Heinrich Guter, Heinrich Bollinger,"
"campaign. Fritz Gerlich, the editor of Munich's Catholic weekly, ""Der Gerade Weg"", was killed in the purge for his strident criticism of the Nazi movement. The poet Ernst Wiechert delivered a speech at Munich University, calling for love, compassion, truth, freedom and the law. He protested the government's attitudes to the arts, calling them ""spiritual murder"". He was arrested and taken to Dachau Concentration Camp. The Blessed Nikolaus Gross was a Christian trade unionist, member of the Centre Party and director of the West German Workers' Newspaper ""Westdeutschen Arbeiterzeitung"", the newspaper of the Catholic Workers' movement. From early days an"
"in an attempt to protect other members of the White Rose. The Scholls and Probst were scheduled to stand trial before the ""Volksgerichtshof""—the Nazi ""People's Court"" infamous for its unfair political trials, which more often than not ended with a death sentence—on 22 February 1943. They were found guilty of treason. Roland Freisler, head judge of the court, sentenced them to death. The three were executed the same day by guillotine at Stadelheim Prison. All three were noted for the courage with which they faced their deaths, particularly Sophie, who remained firm despite intense interrogation, and intimidation by Freisler during"
"no longer there, but other beerhalls where Hitler spoke, like the Hofbräukeller, the famous Hofbräuhaus and the Löwenbräukeller are still there. One of the examples of Nazi architecture in München is the Haus der Deutschen Kunst, an art museum designed by architect Paul Ludwig Troost. Munich was the base of the White Rose (German: ""Die Weiße Rose""), a group of students that formed a resistance movement from June 1942 to February 1943. The core members were arrested and executed following a distribution of leaflets in Munich University by Hans and Sophie Scholl. The city was very heavily damaged by allied"
"1945 to execute 16,500 prisoners, including 10,000 executions between 1944–1945 alone. One of these Nazi executions was that of Sophie Scholl, who was convicted of high treason after distributing anti-Nazi pamphlets at the University of Munich with her brother Hans, and other members of the German student resistance group, the White Rose. The guillotine was used for the last time in West Germany in 1949 (in the execution of Richard Schuh) and it was last used in East Germany in 1966 (in the execution of Horst Fischer). The guillotine was used in East Germany by the Stasi between 1950 and"
"Dorothee Sölle Dorothee Steffensky-Sölle (born ""Nipperdey""; 30 September 1929 – 27 April 2003) was a German liberation theologian and writer who coined the term Christofascism. She was born in Cologne and died at a congress in Göppingen. Sölle studied theology, philosophy and literature at the University of Cologne, earning a doctorate with a thesis on the connections between theology and poetry. She taught briefly in Aachen before returning to Cologne as a university lecturer. She became active in politics, speaking out against the Vietnam War, the arms race of the Cold War and injustices in the developing world. Notably, from"
"militant groups. ""Rote Zora"" was one anti-patriarchy terrorist group; while it carried out an estimated 45 bombings and arson attacks between 1974 and 1995, it accomplished little. A development in the Left that had a longer-lasting impact was the establishment of the Green Party in 1980. Feminists pushed the Green Party to include abortion reform as an ""unqualified party commitment"", and as more feminists became part of the Party leadership, women's rights were brought to prominence by the mid-1980s. West Germany's most well-known feminist, the ""mediagenic"" Alice Schwarzer, founded the popular feminist magazine EMMA in 1977, and remains its Editor-in-Chief."
"seen anyone die as bravely as Sophie Scholl. After the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1944, the number of executions rose sharply. In December 1944, in the administrative divisions of central execution centres, Reichhart was designated as the executioner of the ""execution centre for the execution district VIII"", which included Munich-Stadelheim (Stadelheim Prison), Remand Prison Stuttgart and Penitentiary Bruchsal. Following VE Day, Reichhart, a member of the Nazi Party, was arrested by members of the United States Army and spent one week in Stadelheim Prison for the purposes of denazification. He was not tried for carrying out"
"Johann Reichhart). Reichhart also carried out executions in Cologne, Frankfurt-Preungesheim, Berlin-Plötzensee, Brandenburg-Görden and Breslau, where central execution sites had also been constructed. From 1938 to 1944 he was also executioner for central execution sites in Vienna and Graz. From 1924 on, during the Weimar Republic and the period of National Socialism, he executed 2,951 people (250 of them women) via guillotine, and 59 by hanging. He also executed Hans Scholl and Sophie Scholl (d. 22 February 1943), the most famous members of the resistance group White Rose (see also Hans and Sophie Scholl). Reichhart later said that he had never"
"– The Final Days"". With six core members, three more White Rose pamphlets were created and circulated over the summer of 1942. The core members initially included Hans Scholl (Sophie's brother), Willi Graf, Christoph Probst and Alexander Schmorell (Schmorell was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 2012.) Initially, her brother had been keen to keep her unaware of their activities, but once she discovered them, she joined him and proved valuable to the group because, as a woman, her chances of being randomly stopped by the SS were much smaller. Calling themselves the White Rose, they instructed Germans to"
"Song of the deportees"" and make it known. Freya von Moltke, Mildred Harnack-Fish and Libertas Schulze-Boysen participated in the Resistance group Kreisau Circle and Red Orchestra; the last two were arrested and executed. The 20-year-old student Sophie Scholl, a member of The White Rose was executed February 22, 1943 with her brother Hans Scholl and Christoph Probst, for posting leaflets. The resistor Maria Terwiel helped to spread knowledge of the famous sermons condemning the Nazi movement given by Clemens von Galen, Bishop of Munster, as well as helping Jews escape to abroad. She was executed on 5 August 1943. The"