What is the current name of the area in the BBC Shipping Forecast known from 1949 to 1956 as Heligoland?
"Heligoland Bight, there is the small island of Neuwerk in the southeast, which is located in the Wadden Sea off the Elbe estuary. South of this island is the estuary of the Weser and, to its west, the Jade Bight. Southwest of the Heligoland Bight is the East Frisian island of Wangerooge. East of the bight the Eider enters the sea with, to its north the Eiderstedt Peninsula and, to its south, Meldorf Bay. Heligoland Bight The Heligoland Bight, also known as Helgoland Bight, () is a bay which forms the southern part of the German Bight, itself a bay"
"Heligoland Heligoland (; ; Heligolandic Frisian: ""deät Lun"" , Mooring Frisian: ""Hålilönj,"" Danish: ""Helgoland"") is a small German archipelago in the North Sea. The islands were at one time Danish and later British possessions. The islands are located in the Heligoland Bight (part of the German Bight) in the southeastern corner of the North Sea, and had a population of 1,127 at the end of 2016. They are the only German islands not in the immediate vicinity of the mainland. They lie approximately by sea from Cuxhaven at the mouth of the River Elbe. During the period of British possession,"
"it. In the Heligoland Basin (""Helgoländer Becken""), a basin lying directly southwest of Heligoland, the bight is up to 56 metres deep. One of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, from Hamburg and the mouth of the Elbe to the Straits of Dover and the English Channel, runs through the Heligoland Bight. The area also includes nature reserves such as the ""Heligoland Felssockel"" and the protected Wadden Sea, in which the Wadden Sea National Parks of Schleswig-Holstein (East), Hamburg (southeast) and Lower Saxony (south) are located. Besides the aforementioned islands of Heligoland, which form the northwestern boundary of the"
"result of British bombing attempts on German Navy vessels in that area. The area's waters were frequently mined by British aircraft. Heligoland also had military function as a sea fortress in the Second World War. Completed and ready for use were the submarine bunker North sea III, the coastal artillery, an air-raid shelter system with extensive bunker tunnels and the airfield with the air force – Jagdstaffel Helgoland (April to October 1943). Forced labour of, among others, citizens of the Soviet Union was used during the construction of military installations during World War II. On 3 December 1939, Heligoland was"
"bordered by the tidal channels (""Priele"") of Westertill, Ostertill and Robins Balje. Further southeast is the Wurster Watt off the coast of Land Wursten. To enable the population of Heligoland to return to their home, the then Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, offered the area around the Großer Knechtsand as an alternative site for military exercises. As a result, from 1952 the area acted as a target for practice bombing sharp explosive and incendiary bombs of the British Royal Air Force instead of Heligoland. A few years later, environmental awareness had increased and, when the contract expired in 1957, it was not"
"was meant to destroy the military facilities and bunkers inside the rock of the island. In 1952 this tower was modified to serve as a makeshift lighthouse. The current shape with a brick veneer was formed in a 1965 renovation. Later a radar sensor, Marine and mobile radio telephony devices and an electric beacon were added on top of the lantern house. The light characteristic of the current Heligoland lighthouse is one flash every 5 seconds (FL 5s). The range is 28 nautical miles and is comparably high for the lighthouses of the German North Sea coast. The English lighthouse"
"Heligoland lighthouse Heligoland lighthouse () is located on Germany's only offshore island, Heligoland. Constructed during World War II as an anti-aircraft tower, it was turned into a lighthouse in 1952. It features the strongest light on the German North Sea coast with a range of so that it can be seen as far as on the East Frisian or the North Frisian islands and Halligen. The lighthouse is operated by the Tönning water and shipping authority. The first lighthouse on Heligoland was built by Trinity House in 1811, when Heligoland was under British rule. The so-called ""English lighthouse"" (""englischer Leuchtturm"")"
"heavy attack against shipping off Wilhelmshaven on 18 December 1939 in what became to be known as the Battle of the Heligoland Bight. Twenty-four twin-engine Vickers Wellington from No. 9 Squadron, No. 37 Squadron and No. 149 Squadron formed up over Norfolk heading for the island of Heligoland. Two aircraft aborted the mission due to mechanical defects, but the remaining 22 pursued the attack and were spotted by a Freya radar on the East Frisian Islands. Helmut Lent was ordered to intercept and engage the attacking bomber force and after refuelling—Lent had just landed at Jever from an armed patrol—claimed"
"Halem"") to the east. ""Heligoland"" generally refers to the former island. Düne is somewhat smaller at , lower, and surrounded by sand beaches. It is not permanently inhabited, but is today the location of Heligoland's airport. The main island is commonly divided into the ""Unterland"" (""Lower Land"", Heligolandic: ""deät Deelerlun"") at sea level (to the right on the photograph, where the harbour is located), the ""Oberland"" (""Upper Land"", Heligolandic: ""deät Boperlun"") consisting of the plateau visible in the photographs and the ""Mittelland"" (""Middle Land"") between them on one side of the island. The ""Mittelland"" came into being in 1947 as"
"installed six stumbling blocks on the roads of Heligoland. Their names are Erich P. J. Friedrichs, Georg E. Braun, Karl Fnouka, Kurt A. Pester, Martin O. Wachtel, and Heinrich Prüß. With two waves of attacks on 18 and 19 April 1945, 1,000 aircraft of the British Royal Air Force dropped about 7,000 bombs. The majority of the population survived in the bomb shelters. 285 people were killed, including many ""Luftwaffenhelfer"" and naval auxiliaries. 128 of the casualties were anti-aircraft crew. The bomb attacks rendered the island uninhabitable, and it was evacuated. From 1945 to 1952 the uninhabited Heligoland islands were"
"it is part of the EU but excluded from the EU VAT area and customs union. Consequently, much of the economy is founded on sales of cigarettes, alcoholic beverages and perfume to tourists who visit the islands. The ornithological heritage of Heligoland has also been re-established, with the Heligoland Bird Observatory, now managed by the (""Ornithological Society of Heligoland"") which was founded in 1991. A search and rescue (SAR) base of the DGzRS, the (German Maritime Search and Rescue Service), is located on Heligoland. Before the island was connected to the mainland network by a submarine cable in 2009, electricity"
"Hougomont (barque) Hougomont was the name of a four-masted steel barque built in Greenock, Scotland in 1897 by Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. In 1924 she was purchased by Gustav Erikson's shipping company in Mariehamn, Åland, Finland. She was used for transport and schooling ship for young sailors until 1932 when a squall completely broke her rig on the Southern Ocean and she was sunk as breakwater near the town of Stenhouse Bay in South Australia. ""Hougomont"" had a crew of 24 men. The name """"Hougomont"""" is derived from Château d'Hougoumont where the Battle of Waterloo was fought. While seaworthy"
"Iceland' for greater clarity. Following international consultation, these changes were introduced in 1956. In August 1984, the areas in the North Sea were again coordinated with those of neighbouring countries, introducing North Utsire and South Utsire, and reducing Viking in size. Finisterre was renamed FitzRoy in 2002, to avoid confusion with the smaller sea area of the same name used in the marine forecasts produced by the French and Spanish meteorological offices. Some names still differ; for example, the Dutch KNMI names the area equivalent to Forties after the Fladen bank, while Météo-France calls the English Channel sea areas Dover,"
"before the outbreak of war. She crossed the North Sea and headed for the Atlantic Ocean via the 'gap' between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. The most southerly point of the patrol was reached on 1 September, the same day that Germany began the invasion of Poland. After a series of short trips from Kiel to the German-administered island of Helgoland, (also known as Heligoland) and then Wilhelmshaven, the boat left Helgoland on 27 February 1940 and arrived at Wilhelmshaven on 4 April. Three days later, ""U-52"" began her third sortie. It was very similar to her second; but success"
"before present(BP)). The area that would become known as Wales had become free of glaciers by about 10,250 BP. At that time sea levels were much lower than today, and the shallower parts of what is now the North Sea were dry land. The east coast of present-day England and the coasts of present-day Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands were connected by the former landmass known as Doggerland, forming the British Peninsula on the European mainland. The post-glacial rise in sea level separated Wales and Ireland, forming the Irish Sea. Doggerland was submerged by the North Sea and, by 8000"
"Herring Point Herring Point (, ‘Nos Herring’ \'nos 'he-ring\) is a point on the north coast of Rugged Island off the west coast of Byers Peninsula of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the east side of the entrance to Hersilia Cove. The point is named after the English Captain Joseph Herring whose ship the ""Espirito Santo"" set the beginning of Antarctic sealing south of 60° south latitude in Hersilia Cove on Christmas Day 1819. Herring Point is located at , which is 4.89 km east-southeast of Cape Sheffield, 1.63 km east-southeast of Ivan Vladislav Point, 3.92"
"Sorling Valley and Cumberland East Bay . Sörling Valley Sörling Valley is an ice-free valley between Cumberland East Bay and Hound Bay on the north side of South Georgia. Surveyed by the SGS in the period 1951–57. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Erik Sörling of the Riksmuseum, Stockholm, who made zoological collections in South Georgia in 1904–05. Nearby features include Ellerbeck Peak, a mountain on the south side of the valley. On 21 April 1982, during the Falklands War, the British SBS was landed at Hound Bay beach from helicopters based on , and attempted"
"area. Although she recognised that the current relief of the southern North Sea seabed is not a sound guide to the topography of Doggerland, this topography has more recently begun to be reconstructed more authoritatively using seismic survey data obtained from oil exploration. Between 2003 and 2007 a team at the University of Birmingham led by Vince Gaffney and Ken Thomson mapped around of the Early Holocene landscape, using seismic data provided for research by Petroleum Geo-Services, as part of the work of the University of Birmingham North Sea Palaeolandscapes Project. The results of this study were published as a"
"a result of explosions detonated by the British Royal Navy (the so-called ""Big Bang""; see below). The main island also features small beaches in the north and the south and drops to the sea high in the north, west and southwest. In the latter, the ground continues to drop underwater to a depth of below sea level. Heligoland's most famous landmark is the ""Lange Anna"" (""Long Anna"" or ""Tall Anna""), a free standing rock column (or stack), high, found northwest of the island proper. The two islands were connected until 1720, when the natural connection was destroyed by a storm"
"Sörling Valley Sörling Valley is an ice-free valley between Cumberland East Bay and Hound Bay on the north side of South Georgia. Surveyed by the SGS in the period 1951–57. Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Erik Sörling of the Riksmuseum, Stockholm, who made zoological collections in South Georgia in 1904–05. Nearby features include Ellerbeck Peak, a mountain on the south side of the valley. On 21 April 1982, during the Falklands War, the British SBS was landed at Hound Bay beach from helicopters based on , and attempted to cross to the Argentine positions through"
"January 1947, ""Northland"" was renamed ""Jewish State"", and transported Jewish refugees to Palestine. In 1948 she was renamed ""Eilat"" and became the flagship of the infant Israeli Navy. Later, the ship she became a training ship. In 1955, the ship was renamed ""Matzpen"", serving as a barracks or depot hulk. The ship was scrapped in 1961. USCGC Northland (WPG-49) USCGC ""Northland"" (WPG-49) was a cruising class of gunboat especially designed for Arctic operations that served in World War II and later served in the Israeli Navy. She was the last cruising cutter built for the Coast Guard equipped with a"
"Heligoland Airport Heligoland Airport is an airfield on the German island of Düne, the smaller of the two isles of the Heligoland archipelago in the North Sea, about from the mainland. The first military airfield on Düne existed during World War II when Heligoland had been fortified. In 1962, the airport was rebuilt into the form it still has today. From 2005 to 2006, the main runway (direction 15/33) was extended from 400 m to 480 m for compliance with EU regulations on commercial air traffic. The airport is licensed for aeroplanes up to maximum takeoff weight and helicopters up"
"Britain at the end of the war and broken up for scrap in the early 1920s. Her coat of arms is preserved in the Military History Museum of the Bundeswehr in Dresden. ""Helgoland"" was ordered by the German Imperial Navy (""Kaiserliche Marine"") under the provisional name ""Ersatz Siegfried"", as a replacement for the old coastal defense ship . The contract for the ship was awarded to Howaldtswerke in Kiel under construction number 500. Work began on 24 December 1908 with the laying of her keel, and the ship was launched less than a year later, on 25 September 1909. Fitting-out,"
"Heligoland. Therefore, the island that arose was called Düne ""(English: Dune)"". In 1935 the size of the island was . In 1940 the Nazi government increased the size of the island to . This increase was for military use. An airfield was built that is still used today. The Heligoland Airport has three runways, of which the longest is . Düne Düne (Danish: ""Dynen"", North Frisian: ""de Halem"") is one of two islands in the German North Sea Coast Area that belong to the Archipelago of Heligoland, the other being Heligoland proper. The small island Düne is part of the"
"near Hailsham in East Sussex in 1948, then to Cambridge in 1990. When the RGO closed in 1998 HMNAO was transferred to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, near Abingdon in Oxfordshire. In December 2006, HMNAO was transferred to the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, which is based in Taunton in Somerset. HM Nautical Almanac Office Her Majesty's Nautical Almanac Office (HMNAO), now part of the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, was established in 1832 on the site of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich (ROG), where ""The Nautical Almanac"" had been published since 1767. HMNAO produces astronomical data for a wide range of users, such"
"Suurkylä (Russian: Суркюля, ""Surkyulya"") has been leveled and replaced with a few modern dwellings, possibly for a Soviet fishing collective farm, as well as some military facilities. Currently, about 50 people live permanently on the island, and the little fishing that still occurs is mainly recreational. The island is renowned for its rugged scenery, including five lakes. Since 1826, the hill Mäkiinpäällys has two of the points in the Struve Geodetic Arc. Gogland Gogland or Hogland (; ; , , ) is an island in the Gulf of Finland in the eastern Baltic Sea, about 180 km west from Saint"
"contains a variety of loanwords from 19th-century Modern English due to the 83-year British control of the island. James Krüss is probably the most notable author of poems and narrations in Heligolandic while Maria Leitgeber (1906–1979) wrote the most substantial prose. On 24 December 2004, a state law became effective in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein that recognises the North Frisian language for official use in the Nordfriesland district and on Heligoland. Heligolandic dialect Heligolandic (""Halunder"") is the dialect of the North Frisian language spoken on the German island of Heligoland in the North Sea. It is spoken today by"
"to pinpoint, as Helluland has been placed everywhere from Baffin Island to the northern Labrador Coast beyond Groswater Bay to the southern Labrador Coast. The ""Saga of the Greenlanders"" tells that Leif Eriksson set out in the year 1002 or 1003 to follow the route first described by Bjarni Herjólfsson. The first land Eriksson went to was covered with flat rocks (Old Norse: ""hella""). He therefore called it Helluland meaning ""Land of the Flat Stones"". Next Eriksson came to a land that was flat and wooded, with white sandy beaches, which he called Markland (""Forest Land""). Eriksson's crew cut down"
"km south by west of Start Point and 1.31 km northwest of Vund Point. British mapping in 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1992, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009. Herring Point Herring Point (, ‘Nos Herring’ \'nos 'he-ring\) is a point on the north coast of Rugged Island off the west coast of Byers Peninsula of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica forming the east side of the entrance to Hersilia Cove. The point is named after the English Captain Joseph Herring whose ship the ""Espirito Santo"" set the beginning of Antarctic sealing south of 60° south"
"Lager Helgoland Lager Helgoland was a labour camp on Alderney in the Channel Islands, named after the Frisian Island of Heligoland (in German, Helgoland), formerly a Danish and then British possession located off the German North Sea coastline and belonging to Germany since 1890. The Germans built four camps, two of which became concentration camps on Alderney, subcamps of the Neuengamme concentration camp (located in Hamburg, Germany). Each camp was named after one of the Frisian Islands: Lager Norderney located at Saye, Lager Borkum at Platte Saline, Lager Sylt near the old telegraph tower at La Foulère and ""Lager Helgoland"","
"1844) when sailing south of Cape Finisterre. Finisterre was the former name of the current FitzRoy sea area used in the UK Shipping Forecast. In 2002, it was renamed FitzRoy – in honour of the founder of the Met Office) – to avoid confusion with the smaller sea area of the same name featuring in the marine forecasts produced by the French and Spanish meteorological offices. Cape Finisterre Cape Finisterre (, ) is a rock-bound peninsula on the west coast of Galicia, Spain. In Roman times it was believed to be the end of the known world. The name Finisterre,"
"to perform workshops and video conferences are possible with the AWI headquarters. The research focuses on coast ecology and coast geology. In the 1930 there have been oyster reefs below the mussel banks at the water level. Below these, there have been sabellaria reefs which have been destroyed by fishery. Nowadays there are only the mussel banks left. The Biologische Anstalt Helgoland is situated at on the island Heligoland (German: ""Helgoland""). The station exists since 1892. Scientists study the ecology of the North Sea in this research station. Since 1962, at Heligoland roadstead , phytoplankton and water samples are taken"
"island of Heligoland. The first major operation of the war in which ""Helgoland"" took part was the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on 15–16 December 1914. The raid was conducted by the battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group; ""Helgoland"" and the other dreadnoughts of the High Seas Fleet steamed in distant support of Franz von Hipper's battlecruisers. Friedrich von Ingenohl, the commander of the High Seas Fleet, decided to take up station in the middle of the North Sea, about 130 miles east of Scarborough. The Royal Navy, which had recently received the German code books captured from the"