By which two words is the chemical compound with the formula KMnO4 known?
"Eulim Eulim is a Chemistry library written in Ruby under the MIT license. Eulim is a Ruby gem for Chemistry, which supports the calculation of molecular mass of compound, balancing chemical equations, efficient handling of states of chemical species and many more things. $ irb irb(main):001:0> require 'eulim' irb(main):002:0> Eulim::Chemistry::Reaction.new(equation: 'KMnO4 + HCl » KCl + MnCl2 + H2O + Cl2').balanced_eqn irb(main):003:0> Eulim::Chemistry::Compound.new(""CaCO3"") => #<Eulim::Chemistry::Compound:0x00000002a65340 @formula=""CaCO3"", @constituents={""Ca""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c805a8 @name=""Calcium"", @symbol=""Ca"", @atomic_number=20, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=40.078 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}, ""C""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c8f6e8 @name=""Carbon"", @symbol=""C"", @atomic_number=6, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=12.0107 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}, ""O""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c8dc30 @name=""Oxygen"", @symbol=""O"", @atomic_number=8, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=15.9996 unit=u», :atom_count=>3}}, @molecular_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=100.0875 unit=u» irb(main):004:0> Eulim::Chemistry::Reaction.new(equation: '2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) » 2NaCl(aq)"
"Tin(IV) Oxide Tin(IV) Oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO. The mineral form of SnO is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid. Tin(IV) oxide crystallises with the rutile structure. As such the tin atoms are six coordinate and the oxygen atoms three coordinate. SnO is usually regarded as an oxygen-deficient n-type semiconductor. Hydrous forms of SnO have been described as stannic acid. Such materials appear to be"
"Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula MnO. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO.MnO. MnO is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite. MnO formed when any manganese oxide is heated in air above 1000 °C. Considerable research has centred on producing nanocrystalline MnO and various syntheses that involve oxidation of Mn or reduction of Mn. MnO has been found to act as a catalyst for a range of reactions e.g. the oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide; the decomposition of NO, the reduction of"
"Potassium manganate Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula KMnO. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate (KMnO), a common chemical. Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium ""per""manganate are confused, but they are different compounds with distinctly different properties. KMnO is a salt, consisting of K cations and MnO anions. X-ray crystallography shows that the anion is tetrahedral, with Mn-O distances of 1.66 Å, ca. 0.03 Å longer than the Mn-O distances in KMnO. It is isostructural with potassium sulfate. The industrial route entails treatment of MnO with air: The transformation gives a"
"Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale as a component of fertilizers and food additives. Like many monoxides, MnO adopts the rock salt structure, where cations and anions are both octahedrally coordinated. Also like many oxides, manganese(II) oxide is often nonstoichiometric: its composition can vary from MnO to MnO. Below 118 K MnO is antiferromagnetic. MnO has the distinction of being one of the first compounds to have its magnetic structure determined by neutron diffraction, the report appearing in 1951. This study showed"
"a weighting agent while drilling reservoir sections in oil and gas wells. Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula MnO. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO.MnO. MnO is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite. MnO formed when any manganese oxide is heated in air above 1000 °C. Considerable research has centred on producing nanocrystalline MnO and various syntheses that involve oxidation of Mn or reduction of Mn. MnO has been found to act as a catalyst for a range of reactions e.g. the oxidation"
"when [] < 1M, follows bimolecular kinetics. See for a list. Potassium manganate Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula KMnO. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate (KMnO), a common chemical. Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium ""per""manganate are confused, but they are different compounds with distinctly different properties. KMnO is a salt, consisting of K cations and MnO anions. X-ray crystallography shows that the anion is tetrahedral, with Mn-O distances of 1.66 Å, ca. 0.03 Å longer than the Mn-O distances in KMnO. It is isostructural with potassium sulfate. The industrial"
"Copper(II) oxide Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being CuO or cuprous oxide. As a mineral, it is known as tenorite. It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containing products and chemical compounds. It is produced on a large scale by pyrometallurgy used to extract copper from ores. The ores are treated with an aqueous mixture of ammonium carbonate, ammonia, and oxygen to give copper(I) and copper(II) ammine complexes, which are extracted"
"Ramsdellite Ramsdellite (MnO) is an orthorhombic manganese dioxide mineral. It is relatively uncommon, and is usually found in deposits containing other manganese oxide crystals. Ramsdellite is named after the American mineralogist, Lewis S. Ramsdell (1895–1975). Ramsdell spent almost all his career at the University of Michigan as a professional mineralogist. Ramsdellite was one of the new phases he first recognized in the ""black manganese oxide"" minerals. It was later named in his honour by Michael Fleischer and W. E. Richmond, who fully described the mineral in 1943. The mineral is also called Groutellite. The chemical formula for Ramsdellite is MnO."
"4-Aminophenol 4-Aminophenol (or para""-aminophenol or p""-aminophenol) is the organic compound with the formula HNCHOH. Typically available as a white powder, it was commonly used as a developer for black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal. Reflecting its slightly hydrophilic character, the white powder is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized from hot water. In the presence of a base, it oxidizes readily. The methylated derivatives ""N""-methylaminophenol and ""N"",""N""-dimethylaminophenol are of commercial value. The compound is one of three isomeric aminophenols, the other two being 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol. It is produced from phenol by nitration followed by reduction with"
"Manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride describes a series of compounds with the formula MnCl(HO), where the value of x can be 0, 2, or 4. The tetrahydrate is the most common form of ""manganese(II) chloride"" and is the tetrahydrate with the formula MnCl·4HO. The anhydrous form and a dihydrate MnCl·2HO are also known. Like many Mn(II) species, these salts are pink, with the paleness of the color being characteristic of transition metal complexes with high spin d configurations. Manganese chloride is produced by treating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction was once used for the manufacture of chlorine. By"
"MgZrO Mn, MnO, KMnO, MnPc Mt, add Meitnerium compounds here Md, add Mendelevium compounds here HgO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, HgCdTe, HgF, HgCl, HgCl, HgBr, HgI, Hg(OH), HgSO, HgSO, (CH)Hg MoCl, Mo(CO), MoO, MoS, Nd, NdFeB, NdF, NdCl, NdBr, NdI Ne, No Neon compounds are known. NpCl, NpCl, NpCl, NpCl, NpF, NpF, NpF, NpO Ni, NiF, NiCl, Ni(NO), NiSO add Nickel compounds here Nb, NbO N, NH, NH, HNO, HNO, NO, NHOH, HN add Nitrogen compounds here No, add Nobelium compounds here Os, OsO, add Osmium compounds here ""This section lists only simple oxides, oxyhalides, and related compounds, not hydroxides, carbonates,"
"process to prepare SnO coatings (for example for toughening glass); nanocrystals of SnO can be produced by refinements of this method. Stannic chloride was used as a chemical weapon in World War I, as it formed an irritating (but non-deadly) dense smoke on contact with air: it was substituted for by a mixture of silicon tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride near the end of the war due to shortages of tin. Tin(IV) chloride Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula SnCl. It is a colourless hygroscopic liquid, which fumes on contact"
"Tin(IV) chloride Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula SnCl. It is a colourless hygroscopic liquid, which fumes on contact with air. It is used as a precursor to other tin compounds. It was first discovered by Andreas Libavius (1550–1616) and was known as ""spiritus fumans libavii"". It is prepared from reaction of chlorine gas with tin at . Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride solidifies at −33 °C to give monoclinic crystals with the P21/c space group. It is isostructural with SnBr. The molecules adopt near-perfect tetrahedral symmetry with average Sn–Cl distances"
"Manganese(II) nitrate Manganese(II) nitrate are the inorganic compounds with formula Mn(NO)(HO). Each formula unit is composed of one Mn cation and two NO anions and varying amounts of water. Most common is the tetrahydrate Mn(NO)·4HO, but mono- and hexahydrates are also known as well as the anhydrous compound. Some of these compounds are useful precursors to the oxides of manganese. Manganese(II) nitrate is prepared by dissolving manganese(II) oxide in nitric acid: It can also be prepared from manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide: On heating to 300 °C, aqueous solutions of manganese(II) nitrate thermally decompose to form MnO and NO. Manganese(II)"
"°C) and in the presence of a combustible gas the electrical resistivity drops. Doping with various compounds has been investigated (e.g. with CuO). Doping with cobalt and manganese, gives a material that can be used in e.g. high voltage varistors. Tin(IV) oxide can be doped with the oxides of iron or manganese. Tin(IV) Oxide Tin(IV) Oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO. The mineral form of SnO is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry."
"Kutnohorite Kutnohorite is a rare calcium manganese carbonate mineral with magnesium and iron that is a member of the dolomite group. It forms a series with dolomite, and with ankerite. The end member formula is CaMn(CO), but Mg and Fe commonly substitute for Mn, with the Mn content varying from 38% to 84%, so the formula Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO) better represents the species. It was named by Professor Bukowsky in 1901 after the type locality of Kutná Hora, Bohemia, in the Czech Republic. It was originally spelt “kutnahorite” but “kutnohorite” is the current IMA-approved spelling. There are three formula units per unit"
"acid, and pyrazinoic acid. Called Baeyer's reagent after the German organic chemist Adolf von Baeyer, KMnO is used in Qualitative organic analysis to test for the presence of unsaturation. The reagent is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate. Reaction with double or triple bonds (-C=C- or -C≡C-) causes the color to fade from purplish-pink to brown. Aldehydes and formic acid (and formic acid esters) also give a positive test. The test is antiquated. Potassium permanganate can be used to quantitatively determine the total oxidizable organic material in an aqueous sample. The value determined is known as the ""permanganate value."" In"
"(LiMnO) or sodium chloride (LiMnO, NaMnO) structures. One exception is potassium dimanganate(III), KMnO, which contains discrete MnO anions. Manganate In inorganic nomenclature, a manganate is any negatively charged molecular entity with manganese as the central atom. However, the name is usually used to refer to the tetraoxidomanganate(2−) anion, MnO, also known as manganate(VI) because it contains manganese in the +6 oxidation state. Manganates are the only known manganese(VI) compounds. Other manganates include hypomanganate or manganate(V), , permanganate or manganate(VII), , and the dimanganite or dimanganate(III) . A manganate(IV) anion has been prepared by radiolysis of dilute solutions of permanganate. It"
"Campigliaite Campigliaite is a copper and manganese sulfate mineral with a chemical formula of CuMn(SO)(OH)·4HO. It has a chemical formula and also a crystal structure similar to niedermayrite, with Cd(II) cation replacing by Mn(II). The formation of campigliaite is related to the oxidation of sulfide minerals to form sulfate solutions with ilvaite associated with the presence of manganese. Campigliaite is a rare secondary mineral formed when metallic sulfide skarn deposits are oxidized. While there are several related associations, there is no abundant source for this mineral due to its rare process of formation. Based on its crystallographic data and chemical"
"Lead dioxide Lead(IV) oxide, commonly called lead dioxide or plumbic oxide or anhydrous plumbic acid (sometimes wrongly called lead peroxide,) is a chemical compound with the formula PbO. It is an oxide where lead is in an oxidation state of +4; bond type is predominantly covalent. It is an odorless dark-brown crystalline powder which is nearly insoluble in water. It exists in two crystalline forms. The alpha phase has orthorhombic symmetry; it was first synthesized in 1941 and was identified in nature as a rare mineral scrutinyite in 1988. The more common tetragonal beta phase was first identified as the"
"Kainite Kainite ( or ) (KMg(SO)Cl·3HO) is an evaporite mineral in the class of ""Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with HO"" according to the Nickel-Strunz classification. It is a hydrated potassium-magnesium sulfate-chloride, naturally occurring in irregular granular masses or as crystalline coatings in cavities or fissures. This mineral is dull and soft, and is colored white, yellowish, grey, reddish, or blue to violet. Its name is derived from Greek καινος [kainos] (""(hitherto) unknown""), as it was the first mineral discovered that contained both sulfate and chloride as anions. Kainite forms monoclinic crystals. Kainite is of bitter taste and soluble"
"Molybdenum bronze In chemistry, molybdenum bronze is a generic name for certain mixed oxides of molybdenum with the generic formula where A may be hydrogen, an alkali metal cation (such as Li, Na, K), and Tl. These compounds form deeply coloured plate-like crystals with a metallic sheen, hence their name. These bronzes derive their metallic character partially occupied 4d-bands. The oxidation state in KMoO are K, O, and Mo. MoO is an insulator, with an unfilled 4d band. These compounds have been much studied since the 1980s due to their markedly anisotropic electrical properties, reflecting their layered structure. The electrical"
"1,4-Benzoquinone 1,4-Benzoquinone, commonly known as ""para""-quinone, is a chemical compound with the formula CHO. In a pure state, it forms bright-yellow crystals with a characteristic irritating odor, resembling that of chlorine, bleach, and hot plastic or formaldehyde. This six-membered ring compound is the oxidized derivative of 1,4-hydroquinone. The molecule is multifunctional: it exhibits properties of a ketone, forming an oxime; an oxidant, forming the dihydroxy derivative; and an alkene, undergoing addition reactions, especially those typical for α,β-unsaturated ketones. 1,4-Benzoquinone is sensitive toward both strong mineral acids and alkali, which cause condensation and decomposition of the compound. 1,4-Benzoquinone is prepared industrially"
"Orthonitrate Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral oxoanion of nitrogen with the formula . It was first identified in 1977 and is currently known in only two compounds, sodium orthonitrate (NaNO) and potassium orthonitrate (KNO). The corresponding oxoacid, orthonitric acid (HNO), is hypothetical and has never been observed. Sodium and potassium orthonitrate can be prepared by fusion of the nitrate and metal oxide under high temperatures and ideally high pressures (several GPa). The resulting orthonitrates are white solids which are extremely sensitive to moisture and CO , decomposing within minutes to sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium nitrate upon exposure to air."
"or one of its oxides, hydroxides, or carbonate with nitric acid: Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt Nitrate is the Inorganic compound with the formula Co(NO3)xHO. It is cobalt(II) salt. The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO)·6HO, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO), several hydrates of cobalt(II) nitrate exist. These hydrates have the chemical formula Co(NO)·""n""HO, where ""n"" = 0, 2, 4, 6. Anhydrous cobalt(II) nitrate adopts a three-dimensional polymeric network structure, with each cobalt(II) atom approximately octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms, each from a"
"Manganese dioxide Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula . This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc-carbon battery. is also used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds, such as . It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, for the oxidation of allylic alcohols. in the α polymorph can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as"
"mostly for demonstration purposes, is the oxalate method, which also applicable to the synthesis of ferrous oxide and stannous oxide. Upon heating in an oxygen-free atmosphere (usually CO), manganese(II) oxalate decomposes into MnO: Together with manganese sulfate, MnO is a component of fertilizers and food additives. Many thousands of tons are consumed annually for this purpose. Other uses include: a catalyst in the manufacture of allyl alcohol, ceramics, paints, colored glass, bleaching tallow and textile printing. Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(II) oxide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula MnO. It forms green crystals. The compound is produced on a large scale"
"SnCl and Sn combine to stannous chloride by a process called comproportionation: Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. The dioxide SnO (cassiterite) forms when tin is heated in the presence of air. SnO is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. Stannates with the structure [Sn(OH)], like K[Sn(OH)], are also known, though the free stannic acid H[Sn(OH)] is unknown. Sulfides of tin exist in both the +2 and +4 oxidation states: tin(II) sulfide and tin(IV) sulfide (mosaic gold). Stannane (SnH), with tin in the +4 oxidation state, is unstable. Organotin hydrides"
"Ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound, the nitrate salt of the ammonium cation. It has the chemical formula NHNO, simplified to NHO. It is a white crystal solid and is highly soluble in water. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures used in mining, quarrying, and civil construction. It is the major constituent of ANFO, a popular industrial explosive which accounts for 80% of explosives used in North America; similar formulations have been used in improvised explosive devices. Many countries are phasing out its"
"either. (""See the article on"" hypervalence ""for a discussion of bonding models"") Orthonitrate Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral oxoanion of nitrogen with the formula . It was first identified in 1977 and is currently known in only two compounds, sodium orthonitrate (NaNO) and potassium orthonitrate (KNO). The corresponding oxoacid, orthonitric acid (HNO), is hypothetical and has never been observed. Sodium and potassium orthonitrate can be prepared by fusion of the nitrate and metal oxide under high temperatures and ideally high pressures (several GPa). The resulting orthonitrates are white solids which are extremely sensitive to moisture and CO , decomposing within minutes"
"KAl(SO), KHCO, KNO, KVO, KCrO, KCrO, KS, KSb(OH), K[Fe(CN)], K[Fe(CN)], KPtCl PrBr, Pr(CO), PrCl, PrF, PrI, Pr(NO), PrO, PrPO, Pr(SO), PrS PmBr, Pm(CO), PmCl, PmF, PmI, Pm(NO), PmO, PmPO, Pm(SO), PmS PaCl, PaCl, PaCl, PaCl, PaF, PaF, PaF, PaO Ra(HCO), RaB, RaBeF4, RaBr, RaC, RaCO, RaCl, RaCrO, RaNCN, RaF, RaPOF, Ra(HOCH(CHOH)CO), RaH, RaHPO, Ra(OH), Ra(OCl), RaI, RaMoO, Ra(NO), RaCO, RaO, RaO, Ra(PO), RaSiO, RaSO, RaSO, RaS, RaTiO, RaWO, RaZrO RnF RhB, Rh, add Rhodium compounds here Rg, add Roentgenium compounds here RbH, RbO, RbF, RbCl, RbBr, RbI, RbTe, RbCO, RbOH, RbSO, RbClO. Ru, RuCl, RuO, RuO Rf, add Rutherfordium compounds"
"Kainosite-(Y) Kainosite is a silicate mineral that has the formula of Ca(Y,Ce) SiOO(CO)•(HO). Kainosite was first discovered in Norway on the island of Hitterø and was named by Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901) in allusion to the Greek word for ""unusual"" for its rarity and exotic composition. Kainosite, is part of the orthorhombic crystal class minerals, which is a system that results from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs. Kainosite is a biaxial mineral,so the light entering its crystals will be polarized in two vibration directions (XYZ) for it has two optic axes. Because Kainosite is orthorhombic,"