Who was Prime Minister of Malta from 1955 to 1962 and again from 1971 to 1984?
"Dom Mintoff Domenico Mintoff (; often called ""il-Perit"", ""the Architect""; 6 August 1916 – 20 August 2012) was a Maltese politician, architect, anti-colonialist revolutionary and civil engineer who was leader of the Labour Party from 1949 to 1984, and was 8th Prime Minister of Malta from 1955 to 1958, when Malta was still a British colony, and again, following independence, from 1971 to 1984. His tenure as Prime Minister saw the creation of a comprehensive welfare state, nationalisation of large corporations, a substantial increase in the general standard of living and the establishment of the Maltese republic, but was later"
"in 1958 following massive disturbances over redundancies at the Malta Drydocks. A new constitution was enacted in 1961. The Nationalists, led by George Borg Olivier won the 1962 elections, fought largely over the issue of independence and having as a backdrop a second politico-religious crisis this time between the Church and the Labour Party. Independence was achieved in 1964 and the Party was returned to office in elections in 1966. It lost the 1971 elections by a narrow margin and lost again in 1976. In the elections of 1981 the party, led by Eddie Fenech Adami achieved an absolute majority"
"was first elected to the House of Representatives of Malta for the Labour Party in 1955. He was re-elected in all subsequent elections and held his seat in Parliament up to the time of his resignation in October 1976. From 1959 to 1961 he was President of the Malta Labour Party and from 1962 to 1976 its Deputy Leader. When the present administration took office in 1971, he served his country as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. He was a delegate to the Malta Constitutional Conferences held in London in 1958 and in 1964. He"
"Mintoff stayed on as prime minister until 1984, during which time he suspended the Constitutional Court. He resigned as Prime Minister and Party leader aged 68 in 1984 (although he retained his parliamentary seat), opening the way for his deputy prime minister Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici to succeed him. For the 1981 elections, the opposition Nationalist Party, reinvigorated with a new leader, looked set for a serious challenge to Mintoff. In fact, in that election, the Partit Nazzjonalista managed an absolute majority of votes, but managed only 31 seats to the Malta Labour Party's 34. Mintoff said that he would not"
"Eddie Fenech Adami Edoardo ""Eddie"" Fenech Adami (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician and Nationalist politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. Subsequently, he was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He led his party to win five general elections, in 1981, 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2003. Staunchly pro-European, Fenech Adami is the longest serving Maltese prime minister since Malta's independence, and was fundamental for Malta's accession to the European Union. Originally a lawyer, Fenech Adami was co-opted Member of Parliament (MP) in 1969."
"Albert Hyzler Albert Victor Hyzler (20 November 1916 – 26 October 1993) was the son of Professor Giuseppe Hyzler, a physician, and the former Marietta Muscat Fenech. Elected to Parliament in 1947 in the interest of the Democratic Action Party led by his father, he later joined the Labour Party and was elected in every election he contested until 1976 when he retired from politics. He was Cabinet Minister between 1955 and 1958 and 1971 - 1976. He served as the Acting President of Malta from 27 December 1981 to 15 February 1982. He was married to Marie Rose (née"
"Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici (born 17 July 1933) is a Maltese politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from December 1984 to May 1987. He is a member of the Labour Party. He studied law at the University of Malta. Mifsud Bonnici's family staunchly supported the Nationalist Party. His brother Antoine was a Nationalist MP and Parliamentary Secretary while a cousin, Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, was a Nationalist MP, Minister and President of Malta. In the 1960s, at the height of the dispute between the Maltese Church and the Labour Party, Mifsud Bonnici was an official of a"
"and declared a national day of protest. Riots broke out on 28 April 1958. The governor declared a state of emergency with troops placed on standby to help the civil police. After Borg Olivier's refusal to form a government, the governor was forced to declare a state of public emergency in Malta, suspending the 1947 Constitution. Following the February 1962 election, Borg Olivier agreed to form a Government after obtaining important amendments to the Constitution. In addition to being Prime Minister, he assumed the portfolio of Minister of Economic Planning and Finance. In the 1962 elections, 76% of the electorate"
"The office was re-established with the grant of self-government in 1947 with the post being renamed as ""Prime Minister of Malta"". The post was again suppressed when the 1947 constitution was again suspended between 1958 and 1962 but was retained largely unchanged in the 1964 Independence constitution and the subsequent amendments of 1974 which transformed the form of government into a republic. The President of Malta, who nominally heads the Executive branch, appoints as Prime Minister the member of parliament who, in the opinion of the President, is best able to command a majority of the members of the House"
"and form a minority government which, though short-lived, re-established the Nationalist Party as a major political party. Enrico Mizzi was sworn in as Prime Minister, but died after three months in December. Two subsequent elections were held in 1951 and 1953 where the Nationalists formed short-lived coalitions with the Malta Workers Party (which, over the years, eventually disintegrated). The Party lost the 1955 elections to Labour and the following years it led the campaign against the Labour Government's proposal for integration with Britain. Integration failed largely because Britain lost interest after the Suez fiasco and the constitution was again revoked"
"George Borg Olivier Giorgio Borg Olivier () (5 July 1911 – 29 October 1980) was a Maltese statesman and leading politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Malta (from 1950–55, and from 1962–71) as the Leader of the Nationalist Party. He was also Leader of the Opposition between 1955–58, and again between 1971–77. Borg Olivier was elected as one of the three Nationalist members of the Council of Government in 1939. In May 1940, when the leader of the Nationalist party, Enrico Mizzi, was first interned by the British and deported, Borg Olivier became interim leader. After his return,"
"1953 Maltese general election General elections were held in Malta between 12 and 14 December 1953. The Malta Labour Party emerged as the largest party, winning 19 of the 40 seats. However, the Nationalist Party formed a government with the Malta Workers Party on 9 January 1954 with Giorgio Borġ Olivier continuing as Prime Minister. The Nationalist Party-Workers Party government led by Giorgio Borġ Olivier had been defeated in the Legislative Assembly vote on a budget motion on 9 October 1953. This led to the three Workers Party ministers resigning from the cabinet on 12 October. Following discussions with party"
"Petrocochino). Albert Hyzler Albert Victor Hyzler (20 November 1916 – 26 October 1993) was the son of Professor Giuseppe Hyzler, a physician, and the former Marietta Muscat Fenech. Elected to Parliament in 1947 in the interest of the Democratic Action Party led by his father, he later joined the Labour Party and was elected in every election he contested until 1976 when he retired from politics. He was Cabinet Minister between 1955 and 1958 and 1971 - 1976. He served as the Acting President of Malta from 27 December 1981 to 15 February 1982. He was married to Marie Rose"
"Richard Cachia Caruana Richard Cachia Caruana (born 11 February 1955) was a prominent office holder in the five Nationalist Party (European People’s Party) governments in Malta between 1987 and 2013. He was chief negotiator for Malta’s European Union accession negotiations (1999-2003) and later Malta’s first Permanent Representative to the EU (2004-2012). He was chief of staff to Prime Minister Eddie Fenech Adami (1991-1996 and 1998-2004) and Adviser to Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi (2004-2013). Chair of Citco Custody Ltd, a financial institution. Also a senior consultant at EMD Malta. He is a former director (and member of monetary policy council) of"
"in Sliema (Malta). He is the father of Alexander Cachia Zammit (born in 1924, died 30 July 2014) a family doctor, former politician, minister and ambassador to the Holy See at the Vatican City. Alexander Cachia Zammit was elected for the first time in 1955 for the ""Partit Nazzjonalista"" and consecutively until the 1981 general elections. In 1962 Alexander become the Minister for Social Service, Work and Emigration and in 1966 Minister for Health. His endeavours as ambassador to the Vatican helped to bring Pope John Paul II on an official visit to Malta between 25 and 27 May 1990."
"office on 4 April 2009, when he was succeeded by George Abela. Eddie Fenech Adami is an Honorary Member of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. On 24 November 2016 a new website, http://eddiefenechadami.org/, highlighting the famous speeches by Fenech Adami was launched. Eddie Fenech Adami Edoardo ""Eddie"" Fenech Adami (born 7 February 1934) is a Maltese politician and Nationalist politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996, and again from 1998 until 2004. Subsequently, he was the seventh President of Malta from 2004 to 2009. He led his party to win five general elections, in 1981,"
"United Kingdom, led by Maltese Prime Minister George Borġ Olivier. Under its 1964 constitution, Malta initially retained Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta and thus head of state, with a governor-general exercising executive authority on her behalf. In 1971, the Malta Labour Party led by Dom Mintoff won the general elections, resulting in Malta declaring itself a republic on 13 December 1974 (Republic Day) within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state. A defence agreement was signed soon after independence, and after being re-negotiated in 1972, expired on 31 March 1979. Upon its expiry, the British base"
"Meeting 2015 in Malta on 26–28 November 2015. Queen of Malta From 1964 to 1974, Elizabeth II was Queen of Malta. The State of Malta was an independent sovereign state and the Queen was also monarch of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. The Queen's constitutional roles in Malta were mostly delegated to a Governor-General. Malta became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1974, and the Queen was replaced as head of state by the President of Malta. Elizabeth II became Queen of Malta with the passage of the ""Malta Independence Act 1964"". The Act transformed the British"
"not to enter into any alliance and Italy agreed to guarantee Malta's neutrality. Malta's relations with Italy have been described as ""generally excellent"". The 1981 general elections saw the Nationalist Party (NP) gaining an absolute majority of votes, yet the Labour winning the majority of Parliamentary seats under the Single Transferable Vote and Mintoff remained Prime Minister, leading to a political crisis. The Nationalists, now led by Eddie Fenech Adami, refused to accept the electoral result and also refused to take their seats in parliament for the first years of the legislature, mounting a campaign demanding that Parliament should reflect"
"the Soviet sphere of influence. The reports also show that the US was planning to rig the Maltese election in favour of the opposition in order to bring down Mintoff's government. Mintoff opposed Malta's EU and eurozone membership on the concern for Malta's status as a constitutionally neutral country. Mintoff resigned as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party in 1984, while retaining his Parliamentary seat and remaining a government backbencher. He was succeeded by Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici. Mintoff was instrumental in convincing his parliamentary colleagues to support constitutional amendments ensuring a parliamentary majority for the party achieving an"
"office in Malta between 1964 and 1974: The following held office as Prime Minister (and head of government) of the State of Malta during this period: On 13 December 1974, following amendments to the Constitution by the Labour government of Dom Mintoff, the monarchy was abolished and Malta became a republic within the Commonwealth with the function of head of state vested in a president appointed by Parliament. The last Governor-General, Sir Anthony Mamo, was appointed the first President of Malta. State of Malta The State of Malta (), known in common parlance as Malta, was the predecessor to the"
"1962 and 1966 elections he was a candidate for the House of Representatives of Malta for the Nationalist Party, but both times he was not elected. In the 1971 election he was elected to the House. He was re-elected in every election until the 2003 election, serving a total of 33 years. In 1987 he was made parliamentary secretary for Tourism, he was reappointed to the function in 1992. During his term in office he made the goal of Malta obtaining one million tourists annually. In 1995 he was made Minister for Justice and Culture, and three years later he"
"the country into the European Union, Mifsud Bonnici formed the Campaign for National Independence (CNI) and later joined the Front Maltin Inqumu (Maltese Arise Front) to oppose Malta's membership in the EU. He opposed the ratification of the European Constitution, but his motion at the Labour Party's General Conference in 2005 was rejected by the delegates. He has since maintained a low profile within the party while retaining a role in the CNI. Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici (born 17 July 1933) is a Maltese politician who served as Prime Minister of Malta from December 1984 to May 1987."
"Olivier was its main instigator and negotiator. Under its 1964 constitution, Malta became a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II was sovereign of Malta, and a Governor-General exercised executive authority on her behalf, while the actual direction and control of the government and the nation's affairs were in the hands of the cabinet under the leadership of a Maltese Prime Minister, the leader of the party that wins a majority of parliamentary seats in a general election for the unicameral House of Representatives. On 13 December 1974, under the Labour government Dom Mintoff, the constitution was revised, and"
"capital punishment for murder was abolished in 1971. The following year, Malta entered into a Military Base Agreement with the United Kingdom and other NATO countries, after mediation by Italy's Aldo Moro. Through a package of constitutional reforms agreed to with the Nationalist opposition, Malta became a republic on 13 December 1974, with the last Governor-General, Sir Anthony Mamo, as its first President. The ""Ġieħ ir-Repubblika"" Act, promulgated the following year, abolished all titles of nobility in Malta and mandated that they cease to be recognised. The Party was confirmed in office in the 1976 elections. Between 1976 and 1981"
"reverse high unemployment and the islands' problems following sixteen years of socialist policies. His political ideology and economic policies highlighted deregulation, more flexible labour markets, the overhaul of the country's physical infrastructure and the privatisation of state-owned companies. The legal and business structures were also overhauled and trade liberalised. The communications, financial services and banking sectors were deregulated or privatised. Malta also began a period of integration with the EU, formally applying for membership in 1990. Fenech Adami was re-elected with a modest majority in 1992; his popularity, however, wavered during his second term of office amid further economic reforms,"
"The Party won 59.9% of the vote and twenty-four seats out of the possible forty within the Legislative Assembly. Paul Boffa became Prime Minister whilst Dom Mintoff became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Reconstruction. The Labour Government introduced Income Tax and Social Services for the first time in Malta. The Labour Party was re-founded in 1949 as a successor to the Labour Party founded in 1921. Paul Boffa, Leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister since 1947, resigned and left the party because of serious disagreements with his Deputy Dom Mintoff which had led to a series of"
"Party by the Party's Executive Committee. The obstructionist strategies of the parties in opposition made Borġ Olivier bid the Governor, Sir Gerald Creasy, to call for fresh elections. These were held in May 1951, and as a result of them, Borg Olivier formed a coalition Government with the Malta Workers' Party, which was led by erstwhile PM Paul Boffa. Borg Olivier was head of the new government, retaining the Ministry for Public Works and Reconstruction. Re-elected in 1953, the coalition remained in office till 1955. On the political front, these years were marked with the attempt for a proper definition"
"more than one of the professions at a time. Notable holders of the LL.D. degree include Dr. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici (former President of Malta), Prof. Guido de Marco (former President of the United Nations General Assembly and former President of Malta), Dr. George Borg Olivier (first post-independence Prime Minister of Malta), Dr. Edward Fenech Adami (former Prime Minister and former President of Malta) and Dr. Lawrence Gonzi (former Prime Minister of Malta). As of 2014 changes to the law course resulted from the implementation of the Bologna Process, will remove the Doctorate of Laws (LLD) title and replace it with"
"cabinet crises. Boffa formed the Malta Workers Party (MWP) while Mintoff re-organized the Labour Party as the Malta Labour Party. The Malta Labour Party contested its first elections for the Malta Legislative Assembly the following year. The old Labour vote was split equally between the MLP and the MWP, giving them eleven members each. This allowed the Nationalist Party (PN) to have a slight edge in the formation of a government, which it did in coalition with the MWP. The government did not last long. Two other elections were held in 1951 and 1953 (the last time a coalition governed"
"it in office. An unimportant split occurred in 1969 when the Communist Party of Malta was founded. This split happened as a result of the truce between the Malta Labour Party and local Catholic authorities. The Communist Party has since only contested the 1987 elections. Labour won the 1971 general election and immediately set out to re-negotiate the post-Independence military and financial agreements with the United Kingdom. The government also undertook socialist-style nationalization programmes, import substitution schemes, and the expansion of the public sector and the welfare state. Employment laws were revised with gender equality being introduced in salary pay."
"Commonwealth republic on 13 December 1974, when the last Governor-General of Malta, Sir Anthony Mamo became the first President of Malta. Foreign relations of Malta For several years after independence in 1964, under the Nationalist Party government, Malta followed a policy of close co-operation with the United Kingdom and other NATO countries. This relationship changed with the election of the Labour Party government in June 1971, led by Dom Mintoff. The NATO subheadquarters in Malta was closed at the request of the government, and the United States Sixth Fleet discontinued recreational visits to the country. After substantially increased financial contributions"
"the large number of wounded soldiers who were accommodated in Malta. In 1919, the ""Sette Giugno"" (7 June) riots over the excessive price of bread led to greater autonomy for the locals during the 1920s. After Filippo Sciberras had convened a National Assembly, in 1921 self-government was granted under British rule. Malta obtained a bicameral parliament with a Senate (later abolished in 1949) and an elected Legislative Assembly. Joseph Howard was named Prime Minister. In 1923 the ""Innu Malti"" was played for the first time in public, and the same year Francisco Buhagiar became Prime Minister, followed in 1924 by"