What are the diamond shaped panes of glass in a leaded window called
"and uneven, often with scars and marks on the surface where it has been 'ironed' flat, and often has a greenish tint. Later windows often had crown glass, which has a much better surface quality and shows slight concentric ripples that form as the disk is spun. Old windows often contain a mixture of several types of glass, as they will have been re-leaded about every 100 years, with the replacement of some of the quarries. The irregular glinting surface of diamond-pane windows is a distinctive feature of old European houses. The ""diaper"" shape of the panes gave greater stability"
"also commonly used as the support for the glass in fanlights. Casement windows and fixed windows continued to employ leadlight, often with larger panes of rectangular rather than diamond shape. Large windows set in public buildings and churches of this period also employed rectangular panes of leadlight supported by armatures emphasizing the classical design of the windows. Heraldic motifs in stained glass were often set into the windows. By 1840 there was a growing fashion for the Medieval. The Gothic Revival brought about a new popularity for diamond-pane windows, which were initially found in homes of the wealthy. Soon the"
"Leadlight Leadlights, leaded lights or leaded windows are decorative windows made of small sections of glass supported in ""lead cames"". The technique of creating windows using glass and lead came is discussed at came glasswork. The term ""leadlight"" could be used to describe all windows in which the glass is supported by lead, but traditionally and correctly, a distinction is made between ""stained glass"" windows and ""leadlights"", the former being associated with the ornate painted images on windows of churches and other such works of architecture and the latter with the windows of vernacular commercial and domestic architecture and defined"
"lead ""cames""; leaded glass is not to be confused with lead glass, which refers to the manufacture of the glass itself). These casement windows usually were hinged on the side, and opened inward. By the start of the Victorian era, opening casements and frames were constructed from timber in their entirety. The windows were covered by functional exterior shutters, which opened outward. Variants of casement windows are still the norm in many European countries. They are opened with a crank, lever, or cam handle, which is placed around hand height or at the bottom and serves as a window lock."
"that emulates the lead came which is used in traditional pieces. Leadlight Leadlights, leaded lights or leaded windows are decorative windows made of small sections of glass supported in ""lead cames"". The technique of creating windows using glass and lead came is discussed at came glasswork. The term ""leadlight"" could be used to describe all windows in which the glass is supported by lead, but traditionally and correctly, a distinction is made between ""stained glass"" windows and ""leadlights"", the former being associated with the ornate painted images on windows of churches and other such works of architecture and the latter"
"house. The living room is two stories high featuring a 2-story bay window on the east wall and -story-high clerestory windows on the north and south walls. Due to the large area of glass, and the restricted budget, the house is also notable in that the windows do not incorporate the use of art glass, as in many other Wright houses of the period: instead the windows consist of leaded diamond-shaped panes. These panes are oriented horizontally, rather than vertically, uncommon to the style of the day but in keeping with Wright's emphasis on the horizontal. Each pane is offset"
"Lead glass Lead glass, commonly called crystal, is a variety of glass in which lead replaces the calcium content of a typical potash glass. Lead glass contains typically 18–40% (by weight) lead(II) oxide (PbO), while modern lead crystal, historically also known as flint glass due to the original silica source, contains a minimum of 24% PbO. Lead glass is desirable owing to its decorative properties. Originally discovered by Englishman George Ravenscroft in 1674, the technique of adding lead oxide (in quantities of between 10 and 30%) improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal"
"windows that were made of thin sheets of alabaster set in armatures of wood or wrought iron. With the employment of small pieces of glass as the translucent material (rather than alabaster), lead ""cames"" of H-section were used to hold the glass in place, with the iron armatures being retained as support for larger windows. By the late Middle Ages the profession of domestic leadlighter was common across Europe. Until World War II most towns had a commercial shop producing domestic leadlight. These craftsmen did not refer to their product as ""stained glass"". The provision of decorative stained glass windows"
"Louver A louver (American English) or louvre (British English) is a window blind or shutter with horizontal slats that are angled to admit light and air, but to keep out rain and direct sunshine. The angle of the slats may be adjustable, usually in blinds and windows, or fixed. Louvers originated in the Middle Ages as lantern-like constructions in wood that were fitted on top of roof holes in large kitchens to allow ventilation while keeping out rain and snow. They were originally rather crude constructions consisting merely of a barrel. Later they evolved into more elaborate designs made of"
"and decorative, frequently utilising the skills of the provincial plumber/glazier. Many of these windows are among the earliest use of coloured glass but comparatively few have survived because later Victorians have replaced them with more elaborate pictorial windows. Some of these windows date from the 1820s. These windows are usually patterned with fleur de lys and other floral motifs that were suited to the shape of the ""diamond panes"". They added a pleasant glowing ambience to an interior and in many churches in the early 19th century made up the entire glazing. They could be painted or stencilled with designs"
"window hoods to both floors, and the gables have boarded ends. The entry court is recessed, with a central multi-paned French door with concrete nib and hood surround, flanked by leaded, diamond paned sash windows. The first floor projects above the entry (possibly an enclosed verandah), and has a long leaded, diamond paned casement window, and the name PINE LODGE in relief. The end elevations are gabled and stepped in plan, culminating in a gable section with a central bay window to each floor. Each bay has leaded diamond paned casement windows, with concrete brackets, nib and hood surrounds. Both"
"the windows are in deep molded lancet arch frames. Below the sashes the eight panes are filled with colored glass; above them they have a Star of David design filled with yellow glass surrounded by blue. Larger versions of this design are in the circular windows at each gable end. A set of concrete steps leads up to the main entrance, double wooden doors surrounded by an enframement in which pilasters on the side support a large pointed arch with iridescent glass panels. Inside, a narrow vestibule, with a kitchen on the side, leads to another set of double doors"
"under the name ""Laminated Glass"". Henry Willet created the first sculptured gold window between 1948-49. When first devised, the sculptured gold overlay was based on leaded stained glass windows. Later, faceted glass set in epoxy resin was used. These glasses, about an inch in thickness, but possibly up to two inches for special effects, contribute great brilliance of color under transmitted daylight. The sheet lead overlay is formed in relief by ""repousse"" (literally ""beaten up from the underside"") to give a sculptured effect, and is also incised with slits of varying widths to let the richly colored glass background shine"
"is sometimes known as the ""Lancet Period"". The term ""lancet window"" is properly applied to windows of austere form, without tracery. Paired windows were sometimes surmounted by a simple opening such as a quatrefoil cut in plate tracery. This form gave way to the more ornate, multi-light traceried windowed. Lancet window A lancet window is a tall, narrow window with a pointed arch at its top. It acquired the ""lancet"" name from its resemblance to a lance. Instances of this architectural motif are typical of Gothic church edifices of the earliest period. Lancet windows may occur singly, or paired under"
"Diocletian window Diocletian windows, also called thermal windows, are large semicircular windows characteristic of the enormous public baths (""thermae"") of Ancient Rome. They have been revived on a limited basis by some classical revivalist architects in more modern times. Diocletian windows are large segmental arched windows (or other openings) which are usually divided into three lights (window compartments) by two vertical mullions. The central compartment is often wider than the two side lights on either side of it. Diocletian windows are named after the windows found in the Thermae (Baths) of Diocletian (AD 302) in Rome. (The Thermae is now"
"windows were primarily made of oiled paper or stained glass, until the mid-nineteenth century, due to the high cost of making clear, flat panes of glass. The method of making flat panes of clear glass from blown cylinders began in Germany and evolved through the Middle Ages, until being perfected by the Venetians in the sixteenth century. The Venetians began using lead glass for its crystal-clarity and its easier workability. Some time during the early Renaissance, European manufacturers perfected a superior method of coating glass with a tin-mercury amalgam, producing an amorphous coating with better reflectivity than crystalline metals and"
"group of glass finds. From its Indian origins, glass beads spread to an area from Africa to Japan, sailing with the monsoon winds and leading to their christening as 'Trade wind beads'. The most common compositional type, representing 40% of the glass finds for the region, is known as mineral soda-alumina glass and is found from the 4th century BC to the 16th century AD. As the name indicates this it is typically characterized by a high alumina content and was made by the probably melting of ""reh"" with local, alumina rich, sands. Through LA-ICP-MS analysis, however, Carter found that"
"rays are sometimes referred to as ""light leakage"", and the effect caused by it is called ""windowing"" as the area will appear transparent and without brilliance. This is especially common in poorly cut commercial gemstones. Gemstones with higher refractive indexes generally make more desirable gemstones, the critical angle decreases as refractive indices increase, allowing for greater internal reflections as the light is less likely to escape. This machine uses a motor-driven plate to hold a precisely flat disk (known as a ""lap"") for the purpose of cutting or polishing. Diamond abrasives bonded to metal or resin are typically used for"
"Sash window A sash window or hung sash window is made of one or more movable panels, or ""sashes"", that form a frame to hold panes of glass, which are often separated from other panes (or ""lights"") by glazing bars, also known as muntins in the US (moulded strips of wood). Although any window with this style of glazing is technically a sash, the term is used almost exclusively to refer to windows where the glazed panels are opened by sliding vertically, or horizontally in a style known as a ""Yorkshire light"", sliding sash, or sash and case (so called"
"Casement window A casement is a window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges at the side. They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame, in which case they are hinged on the outside. Casement windows are often held open using a casement stay. Windows hinged at the top are referred to as awning windows, and ones hinged at the bottom are called hoppers. In the United Kingdom, casement windows were common before the sash window was introduced, and usually metal with leaded glass—glass panes held in place with strips of lead (called"
"This allows for the use of techniques such as Angel gilding and Eglomise to produce an effect visible from both sides but not exposing the decorated surface to the atmosphere or mechanical damage. Once the glass is cut and painted, the pieces are assembled by slotting them into H-sectioned lead cames. All the joints are then soldered together and the glass pieces are prevented from rattling and the window made weatherproof by forcing a soft oily cement or mastic between the glass and the cames. In modern windows, copper foil is now sometimes used instead of lead. For further technical"
"and sidelights made of multiple rectangular panes of textured glass (sidelights sheeted over). Other early doors and windows on the street elevations have similar fanlights above, and early windows are timber framed four-light casement windows with textured glass. The rear first floor verandah is enclosed by a continuous band of casements and some side windows retain metal window hoods. Ornamentation is modest, featuring a diamond motif evident around the main entrance doorway; in the feature panels of the first floor verandah balustrade; and underneath the painted verandah signage, where there are traces of diamond shapes that had been formed by"
"by its simplicity. Since the traditional technique of setting glass into lead cames is the same in both cases, in the late 20th century the divisions between ""leadlight"" and ""stained glass"" became blurred, and the terms are now often incorrectly used interchangeably for any window employing this technique, while the term ""stained glass"" is often extended to apply to any windows, sculpture, and works of art using coloured glass. Traditionally, leadlight windows differ from stained glass windows principally in being less complex in design and employing simpler techniques of manufacture. Stained glass windows, such as those commonly found in churches,"
"Hence, rhinestones are called ""strass"" in many European languages. As opposed to the classic rhinestones, which had a metal powder coating on the bottom side only, several companies have opted to mass-produce iridescent lead glass, by reducing the metal coating thickness and apply it uniformly, not using metal powder with a binder but by applying various forms of metal deposition (thin foil, vapor deposition, etc): Favrile glass by Tiffany in 1894, Carnival glass under the name ""Iridrill"" by Fenton in 1908, ""Aurora Borealis"" glass by Swarovski in 1956 and PVD-coated dichroic glass in the late 20th century, amongst many other"
"decorative lead glasses coated with a thin metal layer sold under various commercial names such as ""rainbow glass"", ""aurora glass"" and such. Rhinestones can be used as imitations of diamonds, and some manufacturers even manage to partially reproduce the glistening effect real diamonds have in the sun. Typically, crystal rhinestones have been used on costumes, apparel and jewelry. Crystal rhinestones are produced mainly in Austria by Swarovski and in the Czech Republic by Preciosa and a few other glassworks in northern Bohemia. In the US, these are sometimes called ""Austrian crystal"". The rhinestone-studded Nudie suit was invented by Nudie Cohn"
"a great number of important medieval houses were restored and had their windows returned to an earlier style of glazing. The glazing of the western range of Haddon Hall, Derbyshire, is particularly effective as each pane is set at a different angle to those adjacent, creating jewel-like facets when seen from the exterior. With the development of sash windows, leadlighting became much less common in the domestic setting, giving way to larger panes of glass set into wooden frames. Doors were often surmounted by decorative fanlights in which the panes of glass might be supported by lead, but wood was"
"The dado has gold Masonic symbols, and the lettering at the top is framed by two Stars of David; below these, there are a pair of gold figures in the form of chimera, with a griffin- or fish-style head and a curved body like that of a seahorse. Below the mosaic frame, a two-storey glazed bronze screen with metal framing leads to a recessed doorway. Some of the glass is leaded with sunburst forms. Paired bronze lamp-holders project from the entrance. At second-floor level, there is a modern three-part window. Inside, much of Denman & Son's Art Deco work survives."
"it was used to imitate precious stones. Several textual sources describing lead glass survive. In the late 11th-early 12th century, ""Schedula Diversarum Artium"" (""List of Sundry Crafts""), the author known as ""Theophilus Presbyter"" describes its use as imitation gemstone, and the title of a lost chapter of the work mentions the use of lead in glass. The 12–13th century pseudonymus ""Heraclius"" details the manufacture of lead enamel and its use for window painting in his ""De Coloribus et artibus Romanorum"" (""Of Hues and Crafts of the Romans""). This refers to lead glass as ""Jewish glass"", perhaps indicating its transmission to"
"brick arch overhead. A leaded glass panel is within the arch, and casement windows with stone surrounds flank the entrance. Above the door is a broad triple leaded glass window, and in the gable peak above is a decorative arched window. Next to the gabled entry section is a hip-roof portion of the house's front containing a paired casement leaded glass window with cut stone jambs on the first floor, and double-hung windows on the second. A shed dormer projects from the roof above. On the other side of the entrance is another paired leaded glass casement window, along with"
"Diamond vault A diamond vault is a form of vault church architecture used in the Late Gothic and Renaissance style, which is based on an elaborate system of cavernous vaults in a manner resembling diamonds. It was widely used especially in Central European countries. Diamond vaults are concave-convex ceilings so complex that, as their name suggests, they invoke the facets of a cut gemstone. First appearing in 1471 at the palace of Albrechtsburg in Meissen, Germany, they were employed for almost a century in locations as far apart as Gdansk on the Baltic to Bechyne in Southern Bohemia (today's Czech"
"a large scale glass furnace and annealing kiln for manufacture. Lead crystal beads are machine cut and polished. Their high lead content makes them sparkle more than other glass, but also makes them inherently fragile. Lead glass (for neon signs) and, especially borosilicate is available in tubing, making true blown beads possible. (Soda-lime glass can be blown at the end of a metal tube, or, more commonly wound on the mandrel to make a hollow bead, but the former is unusual and the latter not a true mouth-blown technique.) In addition, beads can be fused from sheet glass or using"
"usually include design components that have been painted onto the glass and fired in a kiln before assembly. The extra time and cost employed in painting and firing the glass usually prohibited its use in domestic architecture. While stained glass windows are found principally in churches and ornate buildings, leadlight windows, which rarely employ painted components, are much more common, and from the 1860s to the 1930s were a regular architectural feature in many private houses and cottages, where their style is often a clue to the age of the building. Unlike stained glass windows which are traditionally pictorial or"
"especially in the British Isles. Windows beside a door or window are called ""side""-, ""wing""-, and ""margen-lights"" and ""flanking windows"". Also known as a louvered window, the jalousie window consists of parallel slats of glass or acrylic that open and close like a Venetian blind, usually using a crank or a lever. They are used extensively in tropical architecture. A jalousie door is a door with a jalousie window. A clerestory window is a window set in a roof structure or high in a wall, used for daylighting. A skylight is a window built into a roof structure. This type"