Which 18th/19th century South American patriot and statesman was nicknamed “the Liberator”?
"Bolivarianism Bolivarianism is a mix of pan-American, socialist and national-patriotic ideals fixed against injustices of imperialism, inequality and corruption named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America. In recent years, Bolivarianism's most significant political manifestation was in the government of Venezuela's president Hugo Chávez, who from the beginning of his presidency called himself a Bolivarian patriot and applied his interpretation of several of Bolívar's ideals to everyday affairs, as part of the Bolivarian Revolution. That included the 1999 Constitution, which"
"Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (; 24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as ""El Libertador"", was a Venezuelan military and political leader who liberated from the Spanish Empire what are currently the republics of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama. Bolívar was born into a wealthy, aristocratic Criollo family and, as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later"
"Libertadores Libertadores (, , ""Liberators"") refers to the principal leaders of the Latin American wars of independence from Spain and Portugal. They are named that way in contrast with the ""Conquistadors"" They were largely bourgeois ""criollos"" (local-born people of European, mostly of Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry) influenced by liberalism and in most cases with military training in the metropole (mother country). The flags of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador follow Francisco de Miranda's design of 1806. Also, Bolivia was named after Bolivar, who in turn was president of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and twice of Venezuela. San Martín served as ""President Protector"""
"General José Gervasio Artigas General Jose Gervasio Artigas is a bronze statue, in Washington, DC, capital of the United States, at the intersection of Constitution Avenue and Virginia Avenue, at 18th Street. It is one of a set called the Statues of the Liberators. José Artigas was a 19th-century general, sometimes called ""the father of Uruguayan independence"", ""Protector de los Pueblos Libres"" or ""Jefe de los Orientales"". The Washington, DC, statue was created before 1948 by Juan Manuel Blanes. At its base are engraved the words ""Liberty of America is my dream and its attainment my only hope."" Although this"
"Legacy of José de San Martín José de San Martín is the national hero of Argentina, Chile and Peru, and along with Simón Bolívar, the most important ""Libertador"" of the Spanish American Wars of Independence. For this reason, he is homaged and depicted in several cultural works of those countries, and even internationally. José de San Martín died on 17 August 1850, in his house at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. He requested in his will to be taken to the cemetery without any funeral, and to be moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, afterwards. He also bequeathed his curved saber to the Argentine"
"for him. New Delhi, India also has a San Martin road. José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or ""El Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Peru"", was a Spanish-Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left his mother country at the early age of seven to study in Málaga, Spain."
"José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or ""El Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Peru"", was a Spanish-Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left his mother country at the early age of seven to study in Málaga, Spain. In 1808, after taking part in the Peninsular War against France,"
"South America decided to support independence instead. Some of the most important war leaders of the patriotic movements are called Libertadores instead. The term ""patriot"" is used to refer to supporters of the revolution in general, or civil leaders without military activity, such as Mariano Moreno. The enemies of the patriots, who supported keeping the existing state of things, were called Royalists. Most patriots were Criollo peoples, whereas most royalists were Peninsulares; but there were both examples of royalist criollos (such as José Manuel de Goyeneche) and patriotic peninsulares (such as Domingo Matheu). Like with the case of the contemporary"
"is named after the liberator. Mauricio José Troche (liberator) Mauricio José Troche was one of the main liberators of Paraguay. Mauricio José Troche was born in 1790 in San Isidro de Curuguaty in Paraguay. He played an important role in the Paraguayan revolution of 14 and May 15, 1811, which culminated in the independence of that country. He was the officer who delivered the main headquarters ""La Plaza″. Mauricio Jose Troche signed on June 9 the manifest of dismissal of the Spanish governor Bernardo de Velazco. Troche enjoyed high prestige in Curuguaty. He also clashed with the commander Villalba, who"
"of Peru. In what today is part of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, Iturbide, a military leader revolted against the Viceroyalty of New Spain, founded an independent nation where he ascended as Emperor Aguistin I. The names of ""libertadores"" are used all over South America to name anything from towns and places to institutions and sports clubs. Also, the most prestigious international club football competition in South America is named the Copa Libertadores in their honour. Libertadores Libertadores (, , ""Liberators"") refers to the principal leaders of the Latin American wars of independence from Spain and"
"Francisco de Paula Santander Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña (Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta, Colombia, April 2, 1792 – Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia, May 6, 1840), was a Colombian military and political leader during the 1810–1819 independence war of the United Provinces of New Granada (present-day Colombia). He was the acting President of Gran Colombia between 1819 and 1826, and later elected by Congress as the President of the Republic of New Granada between 1832 and 1837. Santander came to be known as ""The Man of the Laws"" (""""El Hombre de las Leyes""""). Santander was born in Cúcuta,"
"21, 1806 - Mexico City, July 18, 1872) was a Mexican lawyer and politician, Zapotec Indian origin, president of Mexico repeatedly December 18, 1857 to 18 July 1872.You will be known as the ""Father of the Americas"" 3 is celebrated her sentence ""Among individuals, as among nations, respect for the rights of others is peace"" . Benito Juárez lived one of the most important times of Mexico, considered by many historians as the consolidation of the nation as a republic. Juarez marked a turning point in national history, being first rate protagonist of this era. His biography in the years"
"observed as an official holiday as well as the naming of schools, avenues, and a highway after him. The plaza in his hometown of Aguadilla, the ""Plaza José de Diego"", is named in his honor plus there are schools in Chicago, Illinois, Brooklyn, New York, and Miami, Florida named after him. José de Diego José de Diego (April 16, 1866 – July 16, 1918), was a statesman, journalist, poet, lawyer, and advocate for Puerto Rico's independence from Spain and from the United States who was referred to by his peers as ""The Father of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement"" De"
"Antonio Valero de Bernabé Antonio Valero de Bernabé Pacheco (October 26, 1790 – June 7, 1863), a.k.a. The Liberator from Puerto Rico, was a Puerto Rican military leader. Trained in Spain, he fought with the Spanish Army to expel the French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, from Spain and was promoted to colonel during these years. He returned to the New World and joined the Mexican movement for independence next, and was appointed as a Brigadier General. Later he joined Simón Bolívar to fight for the independence from Spain of nations in South America, fighting for Colombia, Peru, Panama. He also supported"
"South America. Military career of Simón Bolívar The military and political career of Simón Bolívar, (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America. Given the unstable political climate during these years, Bolívar and other patriot leaders, such as Santiago Mariño, Manuel Piar, José Francisco Bermúdez and Francisco de Paula Santander often had to go into"
"ever live. Guerrero is a Mexican national hero. The state of Guerrero is named in his honour. Several towns in Mexico are named in honor of this famous general, including Vicente Guerrero in Baja California. Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (; August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as President of Mexico, coming to power in a coup. He was of Afro-Mestizo descent, championed the cause of Mexico's common people, and abolished"
"to Congress (1828–1830). He died soon after in 1832. Jaime de Zudáñez Jaime de Zudáñez (Chuquisaca, 25 July 1772 - Montevideo, 1832) was a Bolivian politician and hero of the independence of three countries in South America. Zudáñez was born in the city of La Plata, Chuquisaca, in present-day Bolivia. He graduated as a lawyer in 1792, and continued his studies at the Academia Carolina, where he obtained a graduate degree in 1795 and was appointed Public Defender of Indigents. He was central to the independence movement that started in Chuquisaca on May 25, 1809, when after being arrested on"
"Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (; August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as President of Mexico, coming to power in a coup. He was of Afro-Mestizo descent, championed the cause of Mexico's common people, and abolished slavery during his brief term as president. His execution in 1831 by the conservative government that ousted him in 1829 was a shock to the nation. Guerrero was born in Tixtla, a town 100 kilometers"
"nation his ""Predilect Daughter"", and was called the ""Favorite Son"" of the new country by its people. On 18 May 1826 in Lima, Bolívar signed on behalf of Peru a degree recognizing the independence of Bolivia. In 2008, modern-day historians commented on the declaration of independence, bringing forth certain contradictions and controversies. The say that it was Colonel Carlos de Medinacelli who was the first liberator of Bolivia and that to this day he is a forgotten hero. After the Battle of Tumusla on 1 April 1825— a day of patriotism that should be celebrated as a historical day instead"
"of Independence in the early 19th century. This war was foreshadowed by the 1809 conspiracy in Valladolid. One of the early and main protagonists of the war, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, was educated as a priest in the state and began to disseminate Enlightenment ideas here. Soon after Hidalgo performed the Grito de Dolores in Dolores (now Dolores Hidalgo), Guanajuato, a number of people influenced by his thought took up arms against the colonial government. These included Manuel de la Torre Lloreda, Gertrudis Bocanegra, José María Garcia Obeso and Ignacio López Rayón. During his campaign, Hidalgo returned to Valladolid, issuing"
"considerable munitions and troops. Fighting soon broke out between juntas and the Spanish colonial authorities, with initial victories for the advocates of independence. Eventually, these early movements were crushed by the royalist troops by 1810, including those of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in Mexico in the year 1810. Later on Francisco de Miranda in Venezuela by 1812. Under the leadership of a new generation of leaders, such as Simón Bolívar ""The Liberator"", José de San Martín of Argentina, and other ""Libertadores"" in South America, the independence movement regained strength, and by 1825, all Spanish America, except for Puerto Rico and"
"introduced late in the revolution in an effort to create a more disciplined force. One of Zapata's famous dictums was """"al ratero perdono pero al traidor jamas""""; ""a robber I can forgive, but a traitor... never."" Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South (, occasionally abbreviated to ELS) was an armed group formed and led by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution. The force was commonly known as the Zapatistas. The Zapatistas were formed in 1910 in the southern Mexican state of Morelos. Zapata, whose main cause was land reform, became one of"
"Emperor Norton in popular culture Joshua Abraham Norton (c.1818 – January 8, 1880), also known as Norton I or Emperor Norton, was a celebrated citizen of San Francisco who in 1859 proclaimed himself ""Emperor of these United States and Protector of Mexico."" Though he was generally considered insane, or at least highly eccentric, the citizens of San Francisco in the mid to late nineteenth century celebrated Norton's regal presence and his deeds. He continues to be a patron saint of the unusual and of eccentrics, and he is recognized as a Saint in the ""Principia Discordia"" (1970), the main text"
"Remarkably, his ancestors were: ambassadors, priests, ship owners, troubadours, businessmen, explorers, colonizers and rulers. Francisco Mariño y Soler Francisco Mariño y Soler (9 October 1780; 31 August 1876) was a military, political, and aristocrat. He was a patriot, Knight of the Order of Santiago. As an intellectual and fervent defender of the human rights, he absorbs much of the eighteenth and nineteenth century literature. At the outbreak of revolution in New Granada, he is placed at the service of the Republic and is appointed Colonel of the Liberation Army. He moves on to carry out some undercover reconnaissance using his"
"He wrote the best accounts of South America's wars of independence and published many works, amongst which are: There is an abridged translation of the ""Historia de San Martín"", entitled ""The Emancipation of South America"" (London, 1893) by W. Pilling. Mitre's speeches were collected as ""Arengas"" (third edition, three volumes, 1902). Bartolomé Mitre Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. He was the President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868. Mitre was born in Buenos Aires to a Greek family originally named Mitropoulos. As a liberal, he was an"
"aimed at a strong and united Spanish America able to cope not only with the threats emanating from Spain and the European Holy Alliance but also with the emerging power of the United States. At the peak of his power, Bolívar ruled over a vast territory from the Argentine border to the Caribbean Sea. Bolívar is viewed as a national icon in much of modern South America, and is considered one of the great heroes of the Hispanic independence movements of the early 19th century, along with José de San Martín, Francisco de Miranda and others. Towards the end of"
"Antônio de Sousa Neto General Antônio de Sousa Neto (; Rio Grande, 11 February 1801 – Corrientes, 2 July 1866) was the military leader of the Tatter Revolution. On 20 September 1836, Neto declared the independence of the Piratini Republic. He was a famous abolitionist and fought for the release of the slaves who had fought during the revolution. The general's story is depicted in the 2001 movie ""Netto Perde sua Alma"" (""Netto Loses His Soul"", surname in the archaic spelling) with the actors: Tiago Real, Werner Schünemann, Anderson Simões, Lisa Becker, Leticia Liesenfeld, Álvaro Rosa Costa, Fabio Neto, Laura"
"Ward, Thomas. “Martí y Blaine: entre la colonialidad tenebrosa y la emancipación inalcanzable”. ""Cuban Studies"" 38 (2007): 100-124. José Martí and the First International American Conference There was one unofficial chronicler of the First International American Conference (Washington, United States, 1890) who was not only a brilliant writer, but also an astute political observer: the poet, hero and martyr of Cuban Independence, José Martí. During his long (1880–1895) exile in the United States Martí came to know and understand his hosts well, and grew increasingly adept at interpreting their actions and words to his Latin American brothers. Martí was an"
"his head. In that hand he wields his sword, holding it upwards. He wears a military uniform with great detail, including the gold medal that was once George Washington's. The sculpture sits on a base made of granite or marble (142 in. x 72 in. x 184 in., 8 tons). The sculpture is signed: Felix W. de Weldon / Arch. Faulkner, Kingsbury & Stenhouse The front of the base is inscribed with: SIMON BOLIVAR THE LIBERATOR BORN JULY 24 1783 CARACAS VENEZUELA DIED DECEMBER 17 1830 SANTA MARTA COLOMBIA The east side of the base is inscribed with: THE REPUBLIC"
"Andrés Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897) was a Filipino revolutionary leader and the president of the Tagalog Republic. He is often called ""The Father of the Philippine Revolution"". He was one of the founders and later ""Supremo"" (Supreme Leader) of the ""Kataas-taasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan"" or more commonly known as ""Katipunan"", a movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution. He is considered a national hero of the Philippines. Bonifacio's mother, Catalina de Castro, was a blue-collar worker. He"
"mechanized regular forces were able to retake Puerto Cabello. The prisoners held in the castle have included the poet Andrés Eloy Blanco, who wrote a poem about it, ""Barco de Piedra"" (1937). San Felipe Castle San Felipe Castle is an eighteenth-century star fort protecting Puerto Cabello in Venezuela. It was named in honour of Philip V, King of Spain at the time of its construction in the 1730s. It has an alternative name ""Castillo Libertador"", explained by its connection with Simón Bolívar, known as ""El Libertador"" (The Liberator) because of his role in Latin American independence. At the time of"
"José Martí José Julián Martí Pérez; January 28, 1853 – May 19, 1895) was considered a Cuban national hero and an important figure in Latin American literature. During his life, he worked as a poet, essayist, journalist, translator, professor, and publisher. He was very politically active, and is considered an important revolutionary philosopher and political theorist. Through his writings and political activity, he became a symbol of Cuba's bid for independence against Spain in the 19th century, and is referred to as the ""Apostle of Cuban Independence."" From adolescence, he dedicated his life to the promotion of liberty, political independence"
"Pedro Barriere Doctor Pedro Barriere (? in Cuba – May 18, 1827 in Milingo, El Salvador) was a Spanish colonial official in the province of El Salvador. After independence from Spain he became the first head of state of El Salvador. Dr. Barriere entered the service of the colonial government at the end of the eighteenth century, ascending to the rank of lieutenant. His service was distinguished by his loyalty to the royalist cause. On September 15, 1821, the Act of Independence of Central America was signed in Guatemala City. Barriere replaced General and Doctor José María Peinado as Spanish"