Christine Jorgensen (1926-1989), who was born George William Jorgensen was famous for having been the first wordly-known individual to have undergone what procedure?
"it) a ""lack of male physical development"", Jorgensen heard about sex reassignment surgery. She began taking estrogen in the form of ethinylestradiol and researching the surgery with the help of Dr. Joseph Angelo, the husband of a classmate at the Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant School. Jorgensen intended to go to Sweden, where the only doctors in the world who then performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in Copenhagen to visit relatives, she met Dr. Christian Hamburger, a Danish endocrinologist and specialist in rehabilitative hormonal therapy. Jorgensen stayed in Denmark and underwent hormone replacement therapy under Dr. Hamburger's"
"his studies. He wrote, ""Indeed Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications, lectures, etc."" The ""New York Daily News"" ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952 under the headline ""Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty"", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first ""sex change"". (This type of surgery had previously been performed by German doctors in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Dorchen Richter and Danish artist Lili Elbe, both patients of Magnus Hirschfeld at the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations in 1930–31. What"
"direction. She chose the name ""Christine"" in honor of Dr. Hamburger. She obtained special permission from the Danish Minister of Justice to undergo a series of operations in that country. On September 24, 1951, surgeons at Gentofte Hospital in Copenhagen performed an orchiectomy on Jorgensen. In a letter to friends on October 8, 1951, she referred to how the surgery affected her: As you can see by the enclosed photos, taken just before the operation, I have changed a great deal. But it is the other changes that are so much more important. Remember the shy, miserable person who left"
"electroconvulsive therapy, or lobotomy. Though he had already published papers and lectured to professional audiences extensively, Benjamin's 1966 book, ""The Transsexual Phenomenon"", was immensely important as the first large work describing and explaining the affirmative treatment path he pioneered. Publicity surrounding his patient Christine Jorgensen brought the issue into the mainstream in 1952 and led to a great many people presenting for assistance, internationally. In the preface of Christine Jorgensen's autobiography, Dr. Benjamin also gives Jorgensen credit for the advancement of his studies. He wrote, ""Indeed Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications,"
"America? Well, that person is no more and, as you can see, I'm in marvelous spirits. In November 1952, doctors at Copenhagen University Hospital performed a penectomy. In Jorgensen's words, ""My second operation, as the previous one, was not such a major work of surgery as it may imply."" She then returned to the United States and eventually obtained a vaginoplasty when the procedure became available there. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction of Dr. Angelo, with Harry Benjamin as a medical adviser. Later, in the preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benjamin gave her credit for the advancement of"
"an ovary, one for penectomy, and one for vaginoplasty and a uterus transplant. However, she died three months after her last operation. Christine Jørgensen was likely the most famous recipient of sex reassignment surgery, having her surgery done in Denmark in late 1952 and being outed right afterwards. She was a strong advocate for the rights of transgender people. Another famous person to undergo male-to-female sex reassignment surgery was Renée Richards. She transitioned and had surgery in the mid-1970s, and successfully fought to have transgender people recognized in their new sex. The first male-to-female surgeries in the United States took"
"of surgery at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine. Dr. Belt began performing male to female sex change operations after being contacted by Dr. Harry Benjamin. Before the Christine Jorgensen story became headline news, Belt had been quietly performing sex changes for a few years. He performed primarily male-to-female operations but did perform a few female-to-male. Some of his most well known patients were Patricia Morgan, Mario Martino and Aleshia Brevard. After family pressure, Dr. Belt finally ceased performing sex change operations in 1962. Dr. and Mrs. Belt gave some notable collections to Los Angeles-area academic libraries:"
"be a girl.” “I was happy to see her. I hope that this change will be better. I hope she’ll be happy.” Christine Jorgenson was the first widely known transgender woman to travel to Denmark in order to have operations that would allow her transition from male to female. McLeod had stated to newspapers that she had planned to go to Denmark to receive surgery before Jorgenson. Charlotte McLeod was known to have a dislike towards Jorgenson. At one of her one-woman shows, she was quoted saying: ""“I just wish she’d come in here some night so I could yell"
"youth, but also his favorable opinions on free love and his encyclopedic knowledge of both gay history and the lives of closeted Hollywood stars. In the 1940s, male-to-female sex change operations were becoming more widely available in Europe, and Breckinridge expressed many times his desire to undergo the procedure. With the nationwide attention given to Christine Jorgensen's sex change in 1952, Breckinridge became more determined than ever to begin transitioning. In 1954, he announced plans to travel to Denmark and undergo the operation so he could marry his male secretary. Though Breckinridge was by this time a grandparent, his granddaughter"
"after his funeral and was quickly picked up by wire services. Stories about Tipton appeared in a variety of papers including tabloids such as the ""National Enquirer"" and ""Star"", as well as more reputable papers such as ""New York Magazine"" and ""The Seattle Times"". Tipton's family also made talk show appearances. The 1950s and 1960s saw some of the first transgender organizations and publications, but law and medicine did not respond favorably to growing awareness of transgender people. The most famous American transgender person of the time was Christine Jorgensen, who in 1952 became the first widely publicized person to"
"was a box-office success. West regarded talking about sex as a basic human rights issue, and was also an early advocate of gay rights. Emma Goldman also spoke out in defense of gay rights during this time. With the return of conservatism in the 1930s, the public grew intolerant of homosexuality, and gay actors were forced to choose between retiring or agreeing to hide their sexuality. Transgender advocacy efforts did not begin to gain momentum, however, until the 1950s, in the wake of the unprecedented publicity given to Christine Jorgensen, whose 1952 ""sex-change"" operation made her an international celebrity and"
"devoted an article to what it called ""hermaphrodites"", treating the subject with sensitivity and not sensationalism. It described the call by Avery Brundage, who led the American team to the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, that a system be established to examine female athletes for ""sex ambiguities""; two athletes changed sex after the Games. Christine Jorgensen was a transgender woman who received considerable attention in American mass media in the 1950s. Jorgensen was a former G.I. that went to Denmark to receive sex reassignment surgery. Her story appeared in publications including ""Time"" and ""Newsweek"". Other representations of transgender women appeared"
"She transitioned in 1930 and made a legal name change to Lili Ilse Elvenes and stopped painting. Lili died from complications involving a uterus transplant. Denmark is also known for its role in the transition of American Christine Jorgensen, whose operations were performed in Copenhagen starting in 1951. In 2017 Denmark became the first country in the world to officially delete transgender identities from its list of disorders of mental health. Molly houses appeared in 18th century London and other large cities. A ""Molly house"" is an archaic 18th century English term for a tavern or private room where homosexual"
"Microsurgery Microsurgery is a general term for surgery requiring an operating microscope. The most obvious developments have been procedures developed to allow anastomosis of successively smaller blood vessels and nerves (typically 1 mm in diameter) which have allowed transfer of tissue from one part of the body to another and re-attachment of severed parts. Microsurgical techniques are utilized by several specialties today, such as: general surgery, ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, gynecological surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, podiatric surgery and pediatric surgery. Otolaryngologists were the first physicians to use microsurgical techniques. A Swedish otolaryngologist, Carl-Olof Siggesson Nylén (1892–1978),"
"beginning to breathe heavily. On November 29, 1944, Saxon was the first human to receive a groundbreaking operation. (now known as a Blalock–Taussig shunt) suggested by pediatric cardiologist Helen B. Taussig and administered by Alfred Blalock, with Vivien Thomas, who had perfected the surgery in laboratory tests on animals, standing over his shoulder to advise him on performing the surgery. The surgery had been designed and first performed on laboratory dogs by Thomas, who taught the technique to Blalock. Although Thomas perfected the technique, he could not perform the surgery because he was not a doctor. The surgery was not"
"reassignment surgery of Christine Jorgensen, which made national headlines in the U.S. in 1952. Posters for the film publicize the movie as being based on Jorgensen. George Weiss, a Hollywood producer of low-budget films, commissioned a movie to exploit it. Originally Weiss made Jorgensen several offers to appear in the film, but these were turned down. Wood convinced Weiss that his own transvestism made him the perfect director despite his modest resume. Wood was given the job, but instead made a movie about transvestism. Wood persuaded Lugosi, at the time poor and drug-addicted, to appear in the movie. Lugosi's scenes"
"Lewis Atterbury Stimson Lewis Atterbury Stimson (August 24, 1844 – September 17, 1917 ) was an American surgeon who was the first to perform a public operation in the United States using Joseph Lister's antiseptic technique. Stimson was born on August 24, 1844 in Paterson, New Jersey. His parents were Henry Clark Stimson (1813–1894) and Julia Maria (née Atterbury) Stimson (1819–1908). His siblings included Henry A. Stimson (1843–1936), Catherine Boudinot Stimson Weston (1846–1942), Mary Atterbury Stimson (1848–1928), John Ward Stimson (1850–1930), William Frank Stimson (1853–1872), Frederick Julian Stimson (1856–1926), and Julia Josephine Stimson (1861–1933), who was married to Dr. Henry"
"and the American public. Jorgensen's highly publicized transition helped bring to light gender identity and shaped a new culture of more inclusive ideas and accepting notions about the subject. As a transgender spokesperson and public figure, Jorgensen influenced other transgender people to change their sex on birth certificates and to change their names. Jorgensen's case was also significant because, for the first time, it led to complications over sex and science and the changing definition of sexuality. Gender was thought of as a set binary (where one could only be male or female) that was permanent, but Jorgensen's case questioned"
"Christian Hamburger Christian Hamburger (19 February 1904 – 6 October 1992) was a Danish endocrinologist. He worked in Copenhagen and was the doctor responsible for Christine Jorgensen's sex reassignment, and she even chose her name in honor of him. Hamburger was born into a wealthy Copenhagen family in 1904; his father was a physician. He completed his medical training in Copenhagen from 1928 to 1932. He began working in the field of endocrinology in 1930, and after completing a doctoral thesis in 1933, he became head of the Hormone Department of Statens Serum Institut, a medical research institute. In 1936,"
"the concern that it implies something to do with sexuality, when it is actually about gender identity. For example, Christine Jorgensen, the first person widely known to have sex reassignment surgery (in this case, male-to-female), rejected ""transsexual"" and instead identified herself in newsprint as ""trans-gender"", on this basis. The word ""transsexual"" is most often used as an adjective rather than a noun – a ""transsexual person"" rather than simply ""a transsexual"". Like other trans people, transsexual people prefer to be referred to by the gender pronouns and terms associated with their gender identity. For example, a trans man is a"
"sexual orientation and gender identity/expression. Danish law includes hate crimes legislation, which adds extra penalties for crimes committed against people because of their sexuality and for their gender identity or form of gender expression. The ""Act on Sterilisation and Castration"", adopted in June 1929, was one of the first gender change laws in the world. The first person to successfully undertake a legal gender change in Denmark, which required undergoing sex reassignment surgery, was American Christine Jorgensen in the early 1950s. She underwent an orchiectomy and a penectomy in Copenhagen in 1951 and 1952, respectively. Danish transgender woman Lili Elbe,"
"on in the program, Cavett chatted with actress Patricia Neal, who discussed her long rehabilitation from a near-fatal stroke in 1965. During an interview with Christine Jorgensen, the first widely known trans woman to have sex reassignment surgery (in this case a full/complete male-to-female vaginoplasty) she walked off the show when she felt offended when Cavett asked her about the status of her romantic life with her ""wife""; because she was the only scheduled guest, Cavett spent the rest of that show talking about how he had not meant to offend her. Due to continuing coverage of the Robert F."
"to make this type of procedure possible. The name was derived from the American aviator Charles Lindbergh, because he was the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. The operation involved minimally invasive surgery: The 45-minute procedure consisted of a cholecystectomy on a 68-year-old female patient in surgical ward A in Strasbourg Civil Hospital, in Eastern France. From New York, the surgeon controlled the arms of the ZEUS Robotic Surgical System, designed by Computer Motion, to operate on the patient. The link between the robotic system and the surgeon was provided by a high-speed fiberoptic service deployed thanks"
"was being performed widely across North America; Mühe was only recognised years later as the first to perform the surgery. The achievement has also been credited to two French surgeons: Phillipe Mouret, who first performed the surgery in 1987; and Francois Dubois, who did the same in 1988. In 1992, the German Society of Surgery—which had initially rejected Mühe's work—awarded him its top honour, the Anniversary Award. The following year, the president of the society's 1986 congress apologised to Mühe, describing his work as ""without a doubt one of the greatest original achievements of German medicine in recent history"". The"
"Senning procedure Senning procedure is an atrial switch heart operation performed to treat transposition of the great arteries. It is named after its inventor, the Swedish cardiac surgeon Åke Senning (1915–2000), also known for implanting the first permanent cardiac pacemaker in 1958. This procedure, a form of atrial switch, was developed and first performed by Senning in 1957 as a treatment for d-TGA (dextro-Transposition of the great arteries) before improvements in cardiopulmonary bypass made more curative surgical techniques feasible. In this common congenital heart defect, the venous circulation drains into the right ventricle but from this chamber, blood is directed"
"daughter of American sculptor Moses Jacob Ezekiel and a mixed-race maid. Williams died of a stroke in Idlewild, Michigan on August 4, 1931. His wife, Alice Johnson, had died in 1924. In the 1890s several attempts were made to improve cardiac surgery. On September 6, 1891 the first successful pericardial sac repair operation in the United States of America was performed by Henry C. Dalton of Saint Louis, Missouri. The first successful surgery on the heart itself was performed by Norwegian surgeon Axel Cappelen on September 4, 1895 at Rikshospitalet in Kristiania, now Oslo. The first successful surgery of the"
"Timmie Jean Lindsey Timmie Jean Lindsey (born 1932) was the first person in the world to undergo plastic surgery for breast augmentation by means of silicone implants, in 1962. At the time, she was 29 years old and the divorced mother of six children. Hoping to have a large tattoo removed from her chest, she visited a plastic surgeon at the Jefferson Davis Hospital in Houston. The surgeon, Frank Gerow, was one of a group working on the concept of breast implants, and was looking for patients to volunteer for the surgery. She told them she was more interested in"
"Arterial switch operation The Jatene procedure, arterial switch operation or arterial switch, is an open heart surgical procedure used to correct dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA); its development was pioneered by Canadian cardiac surgeon William Mustard and it was named for Brazilian cardiac surgeon Adib Jatene, who was the first to use it successfully. It was the first method of d-TGA repair to be attempted, but the last to be put into regular use because of technological limitations at the time of its conception. Use of the arterial switch is historically preceded by two atrial switch methods: the Senning"
"involving esophageal surgery and hernia repair. In 1897 he was the first surgeon to suture the conjoint tendon to Cooper's (pectineal) ligament, an operation he performed on a patient with a recurrent inguinal hernia. Decades later, American surgeon Chester McVay (1911–1987) popularized the operation, and this procedure is now referred to as a ""Lotheissen-McVay herniotomy"". His name is also associated with ""Lotheissen's operation"", sometimes known as ""Lotheissen‘s trans-inguinal approach"". This surgery involves operating for femoral hernia through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. Georg Lotheissen Georg Lotheissen (September 14, 1868 – October 28, 1941) was an Austrian surgeon born"
"she was sick because she was known for not complaining about her own personal issues.At the time of her death was survived by her two sisters. Olga Jonasson Olga Jonasson, MD, FACS (August 12, 1934 - August 30, 2006) was an American transplant surgeon. She performed the first kidney transplant in the state of Illinois. She was also the first woman to be appointed head of an academic department of surgery at a coeducational school of medicine (Ohio State University) and the first woman to be appointed chief of surgery of a major medical center. Olga Jonasson was born in"
"to avoid the temptation of prostitutes. Afterwards he went to a prayer meeting and ate a meal before going for medical treatment. Successful abdominal self-surgery is extremely rare. A few well-publicized cases have found their way into the medical literature. Jerri Nielsen was the sole physician on duty at the U.S. National Science Foundation Amundsen–Scott Antarctic research station in 1999 when she found a lump on her breast. She was forced to biopsy the lump herself. Her experience made international news and was the basis for her autobiography, ""Ice Bound"". The lump was found to be cancerous, so she self-administered"
"a kind of mentor and friend. Charlotte was the first American to undergo sex reassignment surgery (or SRS) in Denmark following Christine Jorgensen, and Kathy Taylor transitioned in 1963. Brevard's transition was one of the first, and occurred before the term transgender had been coined and before there were enough people for there to be a transsexual or transgender community of people with like experience in San Francisco. Brevard did not self-identify as trans, nor was she seen that way. She moved through life as a woman undetected in mainstream society. Her husbands were not aware of her former status."
"returned to the United States in the early 1950s and her transition was the subject of a ""New York Daily News"" front-page story. She became an instant celebrity, using the platform to advocate for transgender people and became known for her directness and polished wit. She also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs. Jorgensen was the second child of carpenter and contractor George William Jorgensen Sr. and his wife Florence Davis Hansen. She was named George William Jorgensen Jr. and grew up in the Belmont neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City, and later described"