What kind of creature is a 'Redback'?
"one of Australia's big things, was built in 1996 at Eight Mile Plains, Queensland. The Angels 1991 album ""Red Back Fever"" takes its name from the spider. Matilda Bay Brewing Company produces a wheat beer called Redback, with the distinctive red stripe as the logo. The redback appears in the name and emblem of the South Australia cricket team. The Airborne Redback, an Australian ultralight trike, was also named after the spider. Redback Boots is an Australian workboot manufacturing company, which uses the spider in its name and logo. In 2006 a redback spider stamp was designed as part of"
"recognised subspecies in modern classifications. A member of the genus ""Latrodectus"" in the family Theridiidae, the redback belongs in a clade with the black widow spider, with the katipo as its closest relative. A 2004 molecular study supports the redback's status as a distinct species, as does the unique abdomen-presenting behaviour of the male during mating. The close relationship between the two species is shown when mating: the male redback is able to successfully mate with a female katipo producing hybrid offspring. However, the male katipo is too heavy to mate with the female redback, as it triggers a predatory"
"Red-backed salamander The red-backed (or redback) salamander (""Plethodon cinereus"") is a small, hardy woodland salamander. It inhabits wooded slopes in eastern North America, west to Missouri, south to North Carolina, and north from southern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces in Canada to Minnesota. It is also known as the eastern red-backed salamander or the northern red-backed salamander to distinguish it from the southern red-backed salamander (""Plethodon serratus""). It is one of 55 species in the genus ""Plethodon"". The red-backed salamander is a small (5.7 to 10.0 cm) terrestrial salamander which usually lives in forested areas under rocks, logs, bark, and"
"Redback spider The redback spider (""Latrodectus hasseltii"") is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in the South Australian or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia. It is a member of the cosmopolitan genus ""Latrodectus"", the widow spiders. The adult female is easily recognised by her spherical black body with a prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen and an hourglass-shaped red/orange streak on the underside. Females usually have a body length of about , while the male is much smaller, being"
"Rhabdophis subminiatus Rhabdophis subminiatus, commonly called the red-necked keelback, is a species of venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia. ""R. subminiatus"" has a greenish hue with red and yellow regions near the head. It grows to in total length (including tail). The red-necked keelback generally lives near ponds, where it consumes frogs and fish. ""Rhabdophis subminiatus"" is a rear-fanged species and was previously thought to be harmless. However, following one fatal and several near-fatal envenomations, the toxicity of its venom was investigated. As a result, it has recently been reclassified as a dangerous species."
"response in the female when it approaches the web, causing the female to eat it. There is evidence of interbreeding between female katipo and male redbacks in the wild. The adult female redback has a body around long, with slender legs, the first pair of which are longer than the rest. The round abdomen is a deep black (occasionally brownish), with a red (sometimes orange) longitudinal stripe on the upper surface and an hourglass-shaped scarlet streak on the underside. Females with incomplete markings or all-black abdomens occasionally occur. The cephalothorax is much smaller than the abdomen, and is black. Redback"
"Airborne Redback The Airborne Redback is an Australian two-seat flying wing ultralight trike designed and produced by Airborne Windsports. The aircraft is named for the native Australian Redback spider. The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and a single engine in pusher configuration. The aircraft's Wizard model wing is made from bolted-together aluminium tubing, with its single surface covered in Dacron"
"a ""Dangerous Australians"" stamp series, but was withheld from general circulation by Australia Post due to concerns that the realistic depiction would scare people opening their letter boxes. Redback spider The redback spider (""Latrodectus hasseltii"") is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in the South Australian or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia. It is a member of the cosmopolitan genus ""Latrodectus"", the widow spiders. The adult female is easily recognised by her spherical black body with a prominent red stripe on the upper"
"Red-backed shrike The red-backed shrike (""Lanius collurio"") is a carnivorous passerine bird and member of the shrike family Laniidae. The breeding range stretches from Western Europe east to central Russia but it only rarely occurs in the British Isles. It is migratory and winters in the western areas of tropical Africa. The red-backed shrike was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" under its current binomial name ""Lanius collurio"". The genus name, ""Lanius"", is derived from the Latin word for ""butcher"", and some shrikes are also known as ""butcher"
"has vertical, sticky catching threads that run to ground attachments. The vertical strands act as trip wires to initially alert the spider to the presence of prey or threats. They also snare and haul prey into the air when weaker horizontal strands that hold them down, known as guy lines, break when prey thrash around. These webs are usually placed between two flat surfaces, one beneath the other. The female spends more time in the funnel and less time moving around during cooler weather. Redbacks usually prey on insects, but can capture larger animals that become entangled in the web,"
"Once its prey is restrained, it is bitten repeatedly on the head, body and leg segments and is then hauled back to the redback spider's retreat. Sometimes a potentially dangerous victim can be left to struggle for hours until it is exhausted enough to approach safely. Male spiders and spiderlings often live on the periphery of the female spiders' web and steal leftovers. Other species of spider and parasitoid wasps prey on this species. The redback is one of few arachnids that usually display sexual cannibalism while mating. After mating sperm is stored in the spermathecae, organs of the female"
"redback spider (""Latrodectus hasseltii"") ""Latrodectus katipo"" and ""L. atritus"" (black katipo) were previously thought to be two separate species, but research has shown that they are a single species, ""L. katipo"", with colour variation that is clinal over latitude and correlated with mean annual temperature. The katipo is so closely related to the redback that it was at one stage thought to be a subspecies, with the proposed name ""Latrodectus hasseltii katipo"". Further research has shown that the katipo is distinct from the redback, having slight structural differences and striking differences in habitat preference, and it remains its own species."
"action taken by this Australian manufacturer made possible by the very complete specification...All the right ingredients are there; Australian and American pilots adore them."" Airborne Redback The Airborne Redback is an Australian two-seat flying wing ultralight trike designed and produced by Airborne Windsports. The aircraft is named for the native Australian Redback spider. The aircraft was designed to comply with the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale microlight category, including the category's maximum gross weight of . The aircraft has a maximum gross weight of . It features a cable-braced hang glider-style high-wing, weight-shift controls, a two-seats-in-tandem open cockpit, tricycle landing gear and"
"be philopatric. The species largely consumes invertebrates and other detritus dwellers. In some areas with good habitat, these salamanders are so numerous, their population densities may surpass 1,000 individuals per acre. Pokagon State Park in Indiana is one such place. Red-backed salamander The red-backed (or redback) salamander (""Plethodon cinereus"") is a small, hardy woodland salamander. It inhabits wooded slopes in eastern North America, west to Missouri, south to North Carolina, and north from southern Quebec and the Maritime Provinces in Canada to Minnesota. It is also known as the eastern red-backed salamander or the northern red-backed salamander to distinguish it"
"pigmented scales on a background of iridescent scales. The Redback Spider's original range is considered to be parts of the South Australian and Western Australian deserts, from where it has since invaded the rest of Australia and several places overseas, including New Zealand, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and Japan. The Redback performs sexual cannibalism during mating, the female eating the male who sacrifices himself. The most obvious sign of a Redback bite is extreme pain accompanied by localised sweating, beginning three to five minutes after being bitten. The sweating then becomes more generalised. This is the result"
"only long. Mainly nocturnal, the female redback lives in an untidy web in a warm sheltered location, commonly near or inside human residences. It preys on insects, spiders and small vertebrates that become ensnared in its web. It kills its prey by injecting a complex venom through its two fangs when it bites, before wrapping them in silk and sucking out the liquefied insides. Often, it first squirts its victim with what resembles 'superglue' from its spinnerets, immobilising the prey by sticking the victim's limbs and appendages to its own body. The redback spider then trusses the victim with silk."
"reproductive tract, and can be used up to two years later to fertilise several clutches of eggs. Each clutch averages 250 eggs and is housed in a round white silken egg sac. The redback spider has a widespread distribution in Australia, and inadvertent introductions have led to established colonies in New Zealand, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, Japan and greenhouses in Belgium. The redback is one of the few spider species that can be seriously harmful to humans, and its liking for habitats in built structures has led it to being responsible for a large number of serious"
"as the feral cat and red fox, reptiles such as goannas, rodents, and native predatory birds, such as the Australian magpie, butcherbird species, blue-winged kookaburra, crows and ravens, and shrike-thrushes. Red-backed fairywren The red-backed fairywren (""Malurus melanocephalus""), or red-backed wren, is a species of passerine bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is endemic to Australia and can be found near rivers and coastal areas along the northern and eastern coastlines from the Kimberley in the northwest to the Hunter Region in New South Wales. The male adopts a striking breeding plumage, with a black head, upperparts and tail,"
"suitable for distinguishing the individual species. Instead, he focussed on differences in the morphology of the female sexual organs, and revised the number of recognised species from 22 to 6. This included reclassifying the redback and several other species as subspecies of the best-known member of the group, the black widow spider (""Latrodectus mactans""), found in North America and other regions. He did not consider the subspecies ""L. h. ancorifer"", ""L. h. aruensis"" and ""L. h. indicus"" distinct enough to warrant recognition. Subsequently, more reliable genetic studies have split the genus into about 30 species, and the redback has no"
"Red-backed fairywren The red-backed fairywren (""Malurus melanocephalus""), or red-backed wren, is a species of passerine bird in the Australasian wren family, Maluridae. It is endemic to Australia and can be found near rivers and coastal areas along the northern and eastern coastlines from the Kimberley in the northwest to the Hunter Region in New South Wales. The male adopts a striking breeding plumage, with a black head, upperparts and tail, and a brightly coloured red back and brown wings. The female has brownish upperparts and paler underparts. The male in eclipse plumage and the juvenile resemble the female. Some males"
"Red-backed poison frog The red-backed poison frog (""Ranitomeya reticulata"") is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae. It is an arboreal insectivorous species, and is the second-most poisonous species in the genus, after ""R. variabilis"". Like many species of small, poisonous frogs native to South America, it is grouped with the poison dart frogs, and is a moderately toxic species, containing poison capable of causing serious injury to humans, and death in animals such as chickens. ""R. reticulata"" is native to the Amazon rainforest in Peru and Ecuador. The red-backed poison frog is a moderately toxic dendrobatid, and is"
"the redback spider. ""Agenioideus nigricornis"" is found in Australia where it is widespread but it is apparently absent from Tasmania. As the redback spider has been introduced into areas outside of Australia in New Zealand and Japan, it has been suggested that ""Agenioideus nigricornis"" is potentially a biological control which can be used to control invasive populations of redback spiders. Agenioideus nigricornis Agenioideus nigricornis, the redback spider-hunting wasp, is a species of spider wasps from the subfamily Pompilinae, found in Australia. It is a parasitoid of the venomous redback spider (""Latrodectus hasseltii""). Females are 8.4-11.8mm in length. The head and"
"was first formally described in 1870, it appeared to be concentrated around sea ports. However, an earlier informal description (1850) from the Adelaide Hills is now known, and names in Australian Aboriginal languages also show that it was present well before European settlement. Its original range is thought to be a relatively small arid part of South Australia and Western Australia. Its spread has been inadvertently aided by modern buildings, which often provide habitats conducive to redback populations. The close relationship between the redback and the New Zealand katipo also supports the native status of both in their respective countries."
"(as ""Certhilauda albescens barlowi"") to be subspecies of the Karoo lark. Karoo lark ""The Karoo lark should not be confused with the similarly named Karoo long-billed lark."" The Karoo lark (""Calendulauda albescens"") or red-backed lark is a species of lark in the family Alaudidae. It is endemic to South Africa where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. The Karoo lark was originally classified in the genus ""Alauda"" and subsequently ""Mirafra"" and ""Certhilauda"", until moved to ""Calendulauda"" by the IOC in 2009. Not all authorities have followed this taxonomy change. Four subspecies are recognized: Formerly, some authorities considered"
"of colleague A.W.M. van Hasselt. In the same paper, he named a female from Cape York with an all-black abdomen ""L. scelio"", now regarded as the same species. These specimens are in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet in Stockholm. German arachnologist Friedrich Dahl revised the genus in 1902 and named ""L. ancorifer"" from New Guinea, which was later regarded as a subspecies of the redback. Another subspecies, ""L. h. aruensis"", was described by Norwegian entomologist Embrik Strand in 1911. Subspecies ""indica"" (of ""L. scelio"") had been described by Eugène Simon in 1897, but its origin is unclear. Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge questioned Dahl's"
"at the 2008 Rhodesian Ridgeback World Congress, and contends that an honest evaluation of the breed's functional history indicates that during its formative development and early use as a breed, the ridgeback was much more a ""hunter's/farmer's ox-wagon dog"" than it was a ""lion dog"". This theory aligns itself with the current FCI classification of the breed, group 6.3 (a special type of scenthound). However, the important distinction in this theory is not that the FCI classification of ""scenthound"" is accurate, but rather, that placing the Dalmatian and the Rhodesian Ridgeback (the only breeds currently in FCI group 6.3), breeds"
"Black-backed puffback The black-backed puffback (""Dryoscopus cubla"") is a species of passerine bird in the Malaconotidae family. They are common to fairly common sedentary bushshrikes in various wooded habitats in Africa south of the equator. They restlessly move about singly, in pairs or family groups, and generally frequent tree canopies. Like others of its genus, the males puff out the loose rump and lower back feathers in display, to assume a remarkable ball-like appearance. They draw attention to themselves by their varied repertoire of whistling, clicking and rasping sounds. Their specific name ""cubla"", originated with Francois Levaillant, who derived it"
"Outside urban areas, the redback is more often found in drier habitats ranging from sclerophyll forest to desert, even as harsh as the Simpson Desert. It became much more common in urban areas in the early decades of the 20th century, and is now found in all but the most inhospitable environments in Australia and its cities. It is particularly common in Brisbane, Perth and Alice Springs. The redback spider is commonly found in close proximity to human residences. Webs are usually built in dry, dark, sheltered sites, such as among rocks, in logs, tree hollows, shrubs, old tyres, sheds,"
"hamatus"". Black-backed puffback The black-backed puffback (""Dryoscopus cubla"") is a species of passerine bird in the Malaconotidae family. They are common to fairly common sedentary bushshrikes in various wooded habitats in Africa south of the equator. They restlessly move about singly, in pairs or family groups, and generally frequent tree canopies. Like others of its genus, the males puff out the loose rump and lower back feathers in display, to assume a remarkable ball-like appearance. They draw attention to themselves by their varied repertoire of whistling, clicking and rasping sounds. Their specific name ""cubla"", originated with Francois Levaillant, who derived"
"Frillback The Frillback is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Frillbacks, along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons, are all descendants from the rock pigeon (""Columba livia""). The breed is known for the ""frill"" or ""curls"" on the wing shield feathers. The feather curl should also be present at the ends of the foot feathers or ""muffs"". The quality of a Frillback is based on a 100-point scale, with the head constituting 15 points, the color constituting 15 points, the body constituting 10 points, the curl constituting 50 points, and the muff constituting 10"
"period of around five minutes before laying more silk to complete the sac, which becomes spherical, the whole process taking around one and a quarter hours. She can produce a new egg sac as early as one to three weeks after her last. The redback spider is widespread across Australia. The current distribution reported by the World Spider Catalogue includes Southeast Asia and New Zealand. Colonies and individuals have been found elsewhere, including Japan, England, Belgium, the United Arab Emirates and Iran. It was believed at one time that the redback may have been introduced to Australia, because when it"
"interbreed with each other. Some hybrids have been recognized as species, such as the [[red wolf]] (though this is controversial). [[Artificial selection]], the deliberate [[selective breeding]] of domestic animals, is being used to [[breeding back|breed back]] [[Holocene extinction|recently extinct]] animals in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a [[phenotype]] that resembles that extinct [[wildtype]] ancestor. A breeding-back (intraspecific) hybrid may be very similar to the extinct wildtype in appearance, ecological niche and to some extent genetics, but the initial [[gene pool]] of that wild type is lost forever with its [[extinction]]. As a result, bred-back breeds are at"
"Red-backed mousebird The red-backed mousebird (""Colius castanotus"") is a species of bird in the Coliidae family. It is found in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The name mousebird is based on bird's soft feathers with texture similar to a mouse's fur. The red-backed mousebird got its name from the red or chestnut color patch on its back. River borders that provide water sources for vegetation like trees and bushes are the prefect ideal homes for mousebirds. Their environment is located near the rivers between borders both southern Angola and northern Namibia. The red-backed mousebird prefers less dense"