Hibakusha is an Asian language term for the people effected by either of what violent incidents?
"Overseas Hibakusha Case The Overseas Hibakusha Case, SCOJ 2005 No.1977, was a landmark case of the Supreme Court of Japan. The Court found that the government's refusal to provide health-care benefits to hibakusha living abroad was illegal. The plaintiffs were 40 South Koreans who were exposed to radiation in the 1945 U.S. atomic bombing of Hiroshima. It was the first time the Court declared a government order illegal and upheld a ruling mandating the payment of damages. The Court's decision hinged on an examination of laws relating to treatment of hibakusha, governmental agency directives that interpreted those laws, and an"
"Hibakusha The Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Law defines ""hibakusha"" as people who fall into one or more of the following categories: within a few kilometers of the hypocenters of the bombs; within 2 km of the hypocenters within two weeks of the bombings; exposed to radiation from fallout; or not yet born but carried by pregnant women in any of these categories. The Japanese government has recognized about 650,000 people as ""hibakusha"". , 154,859 were still alive, mostly in Japan. The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation. ""Hibakusha"" are entitled to government"
"bombing are now referred to as hibakusha (explosion-affected people). The Japanese initially refused to take any responsibility for the American atomic bombing or the population affected. The victims were discriminated against, and many employers refused to hire a hibakusha because they could not work as hard. Their exposure, called ""A-bomb sickness"" in Japan, left them with chronic weakness, dizziness and digestive issues, among others. In 1954, the Lucky Dragon No. 5 contamination incident created a political movement for the hibakusha and created the A-bomb Victims Medical Care Law. This law allowed for medical attention for the hibakusha and a monthly"
"Hibakusha (film) Hibakusha is a 2012 American animated short film directed by Steve Nguyen and Choz Belen, and produced by Iconic Films, the Documentary Channel (USA), and Studio APA in Los Angeles, California and New York City, New York. The film centers around Kaz Suyeishi, a woman in her late fifties who begins to reminisce about her earlier years living in Hiroshima, Japan during the aftermath of the atomic bombing. Inspired by her story, the filmmakers reached out to Mrs. Suyeishi in order to produce her biopic using computer animation and hand-drawn techniques. The official trailer was released on July"
"Hibakusha (film) Hibakusha is a 2012 American animated short film directed by Steve Nguyen and Choz Belen, and produced by Iconic Films, the Documentary Channel (USA), and Studio APA in Los Angeles, California and New York City, New York. The film centers around Kaz Suyeishi, a woman in her late fifties who begins to reminisce about her earlier years living in Hiroshima, Japan during the aftermath of the atomic bombing. Inspired by her story, the filmmakers reached out to Mrs. Suyeishi in order to produce her biopic using computer animation and hand-drawn techniques. The official trailer was released on July"
"Shibuya incident The was a violent confrontation which occurred in between rival gangs near the Shibuya Station in Tokyo, Japan. The years after World War II saw Japan as a defeated nation and the Japanese people had to improvise in many aspects of daily life. In the chaos of the post-war recovery large and very lucrative black markets opened throughout Japan. Various gangs fought for control over them. There were also many non-Japanese ""third nationals"" in post-war Japan. These ""third nationals"" or ""third-country people"" were former subjects of the Japanese Empire whose citizenship then transferred to other countries like China"
"and Korea. The Shibuya incident involved former Japanese citizens from the Japanese province of Formosa (now called Taiwan) fighting against native Japanese Yakuza gangs. After the fight, the Chinese nationalist government stepped forward to defend the Formosans. The air raids on Japan left millions displaced in urban centers, and food shortages, created by bad harvests and the demands of the war, worsened when the importation of food from Korea, Taiwan, and China ceased. Repatriation of Japanese living in other parts of Asia only aggravated the problems in Japan as these displaced people put more strain on already scarce resources. Over"
"showed a higher prevalence of anxiety and somatization symptoms. Perhaps as many as 200 people from Hiroshima sought refuge in Nagasaki. The 2006 documentary ""Twice Survived: The Doubly Atomic Bombed of Hiroshima and Nagasaki"" documented 165 ""nijū hibakusha (lit. double explosion-affected people)"", nine of whom claimed to be in the blast zone in both cities. On March 24, 2009, the Japanese government officially recognized Tsutomu Yamaguchi as a double ""hibakusha"". He was confirmed to be from ground zero in Hiroshima on a business trip when the bomb was detonated. He was seriously burnt on his left side and spent the"
"the same recognition as ""Hibakusha"" as afforded to all Japanese survivors, a situation which resulted in the denial of the free health benefits to them in Japan. Most issues were eventually addressed in 2008 through lawsuits. Hiroshima was subsequently struck by Typhoon Ida on September 17, 1945. More than half the bridges were destroyed, and the roads and railroads were damaged, further devastating the city. The population increased from 83,000 soon after the bombing to 146,000 in February 1946. The city was rebuilt after the war, with help from the national government through the Hiroshima Peace Memorial City Construction Law"
"These non-Japanese Asians were called ""third-country people"" or ""third-national people"" (""daisan-kokujin"" in Japanese). With no work for even the Japanese and with thousands of refugees returning from the former colonies every day, there was little chance for third-country people to find work and so they turned ""en masse"" to the black markets and other underworld activities. With vast amounts of money to be made and simmering racist undercurrents, fights for control of the markets were probably inevitable. In fights broke out between Formosan gangs and the Japanese Yakuza group, Matsuba-kai. Outside the Shibuya police station over a thousand Matsuba members"
"Imperial subjects. The ""Hibakusha"" (""explosion-affected people"") of Hiroshima and Nagasaki seek compensation from their government and criticize it for failing to ""accept responsibility for having instigated and then prolonged an aggressive war long after Japan's defeat was apparent, resulting in a heavy toll in Japanese, Asian and American lives"". Historians Hill and Koshiro have stated that attempts to minimize the importance of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is revisionist history. EB Sledge expressed concern that such revisionism, in his words ""mellowing"", would allow us to forget the harsh facts of the history that led to the bombings. There"
"of the Hibiya Incendiary Incident, a major citywide riot that erupted in protest of the terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth which ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. The Riots lasted two days resulting in seventeen people being killed and 331 arrested, as well a large amount of property damage. The riots were not only against the unfavorable terms of the treaty but also due to bureaucrats who refused accept the will of the people in regards to Foreign policy. The park is famous for the Shisei Kaikan (市政会館), a brick building built in Gothic style in 1929, which once"
"Amakasu incident The Amakasu Incident (""Amakasu jiken"") refers to a crime in which the Lieutenant Amakasu Masahiko was found responsible for the murders of two anarchists and a young boy in September 1923. Following Japan's Great Kantō earthquake in early September 1923, a police squadron led by Lieutenant Amakasu Masahiko sought out two noted anarchist-socialist leaders, the feminist Noe Itō and her partner, the anarchist Sakae Ōsugi. Together they were beaten and killed by the police along with Ōsugi's six-year-old nephew, and their bodies disposed in a well. Following countrywide outcry, Amakasu was court-martialed and sentenced to 10 years in"
"Ningbo Incident The Ningbo Incident (; ) was a 1523 brawl between trade representatives of two Japanese ""daimyō"" clans — the Ōuchi and the Hosokawa — in the Ming Chinese city of Ningbo. The Ōuchi pillaged and harmed local residents, causing massive damage. The turmoil resulted in the interruption of the Ming-Japanese trade and led to a surge in piratical (""wokou"") activity on the Chinese coast. The episode is also known by the names Ningbo Tribute Conflict (寧波争貢事件), Mingzhou Incident (明州之亂), or the Sōsetsu Incident (宗設之亂). Ming China considered Japan a tributary state in its Sinocentric world order. Under the"
"committed In the wake of the earthquake against thousands of ethnic Korean civilians (Zainichi) and Japanese socialists. The murders were carried out by right-wing groups such as elements of the Imperial Japanese Army, police and vigilantes in Tokyo and Yokohama. This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. The earthquake's force was so great that in Kamakura, over from the epicenter, it moved the Great Buddha statue, which weighs about , almost two feet. Estimated casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about"
"of Japanese Americans affected by the bombings is unknown – although estimates put approximately 11,000 in Hiroshima city alone – but some 3,000 of them are known to have survived and returned to the U.S. after the war. A second group of ""hibakusha"" counted among Japanese American survivors are those who came to the U.S. in a later wave of Japanese immigration during the 1950s and 1960s. Most in this group were born in Japan and migrated to the U.S. in search of educational and work opportunities that were scarce in post-war Japan. Many were ""war brides"", or Japanese women"
"extent of his involvement and thus his culpability. In the years immediately after Hirohito's death, the debate in Japan was fierce. Susan Chira reported, ""Scholars who have spoken out against the late Emperor have received threatening phone calls from Japan's extremist right wing."" One example of actual violence occurred in 1990 when the mayor of Nagasaki, Hitoshi Motoshima, was shot and critically wounded by a member of the ultranationalist group, Seikijuku. A year before, in 1989, Motoshima had broken what was characterized as ""one of [Japan's] most sensitive taboos"" by asserting that Emperor Hirohito bore responsibility for World War II."
"and two ethnic Han Taiwanese were killed, and 215 Japanese nationals injured. The Han were mistaken for Japanese by the aboriginals since one of the victims, a Han girl, was wearing a Kimono. Many of the victims were attending an athletic festival at Musyaji Elementary School. In response, the colonial government ordered a military crackdown. In the two months that followed, most of the insurgents were either killed or committed suicide, along with their family members or fellow tribesmen. Several members of the government resigned over the incident, which proved to be the most violent of the uprisings during Japanese"
"with incorrect figures have further fuelled this anger. The violence has been directed mainly against Kikuyus, belonging to the same ethnic group as Kibaki. The violence against Kikuyus occurred all over the country but was higher in areas like the Nairobi slums, Nyanza Province, the Rift Valley, and the Coast, where opposition against Kibaki is particularly strong. The ethnically diverse Nairobi slums have also seen violence by Kikuyu-dominated groups—amongst them the infamous Mungiki—against neighbours hailing from western parts of Kenya. A BBC reporter saw 40 bodies with gunshot wounds in a mortuary in Kisumu, which was the opposition's main base."
"SMR, though the sample size is too small to determine with any significance. The survivors of the bombings are called , a Japanese word that literally translates to ""explosion-affected people"". The Japanese government has recognized about 650,000 people as ""hibakusha"". , 154,859 were still alive, mostly in Japan. The government of Japan recognizes about 1% of these as having illnesses caused by radiation. The memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists of the names of the ""hibakusha"" who are known to have died since the bombings. Updated annually on the anniversaries of the bombings, , the memorials record the names"
"protests at campuses across Japan. During the early 1970s the group was engaged in conflict with a rival organization known as Kakumaru. During the conflict, Kakumaru assassinated several members of Chūkaku-ha. According to Chūkaku-ha, Kakumaru was aided and protected by the police. Starting in the late 1970s the group began committing armed assaults, bombings, and destruction of infrastructure in Japan. There were a fair number of casualties and injuries as a result of the dozens of attacks they conducted. Casualties included the chairperson of Chiba prefecture's Expropriation Committee, whose death delayed the area's development（）. Their attacks continued into the later"
"taken up by the media, and the outcry in Japan reached such a level that diplomatic relations became strained and the incident was even dubbed by some as a ""second Hiroshima"". Nevertheless, the Japanese and US governments quickly reached a political settlement, with the transfer to Japan of $15.3 million as compensation, with the surviving victims receiving about 2 million each ($5,550 in 1954, or about $ in 2019). It was also agreed that the victims would not be given Hibakusha status. Unanticipated fallout and the radiation emitted by it also affected many of the vessels and personnel involved in"
"1969, the folk singer, Okabayashi, debuted, “Sanya Blues,” a song about the grief of day laborers. It is said that Okabayashi manufactured the image of his lengthy stint in Sanya, when in fact his stay was to the extent of one week. In the year 1984 and 1988, the successive assassinations occurred of two people producing the documentary “Sanya – Attack to Attack,” a film which paints the conflicts of the day laborers with the secret maneuvering of the Yakuza. The murder suspects are members of the “Kokusuikai” Yakusa Assembly. In 1996, Tokyo and the 23 Wards of Tokyo mutually"
"and Nagasaki, known as hibakusha (被爆者), were ostracized by Japanese society. Japan provided no special assistance to these people until 1952. By the 65th anniversary of the bombings, total casualties from the initial attack and later deaths reached about 270,000 in Hiroshima and 150,000 in Nagasaki. About 230,000 hibakusha were still alive , and about 2,200 were suffering from radiation-caused illnesses . In the Winter War of 1939–1940, the Soviet Union invaded neutral Finland and annexed some of its territory. From 1941 until 1944, Finland aligned itself with Nazi Germany in a failed effort to regain lost territories from the"
"Hibiya incendiary incident The was a major citywide riot which erupted in Tokyo on 5 September 1905 in protest of the terms of the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. Although the Imperial Japanese Navy had decisively defeated the Imperial Russian Navy at the Battle of Tsushima, and the Imperial Japanese Army had taken Port Arthur and had won a major victory over the Imperial Russian Army at the Battle of Mukden, Japanese forces were overextended in Manchuria, and the Japanese economy could no longer sustain a prolonged war effort. Ignorant of the actual war situation,"
"sentiment, Buenavista was the headquarters for the resistance movement. Japanese forces and the Resistance and guerrillas frequently engaged in skirmishes within the town borders. Occupying Japanese forces burned the school and municipal building, after holding captives composed a member from each Buenavista family. Guerrilla forces eventually re-captured the town. The 'Libas Ambush, known locally as ""Pinag Labanan"", was a joint guerrilla-Buenavistan effort in which Filipino guerrillas and Buenavistans ambushed and killed a troop of Japanese soldiers. After which the Japanese commandant issued a proclamation that for 1 Japanese soldier killed by the Filipinos in Buenavista, 10 Filipinos will die within"
"to substantial amounts of radiation, went on and had children with no higher incidence of abnormalities/birth defects than the rate which is observed in the Japanese average. Studs Terkel's book ""The Good War"" includes a conversation with two ""hibakusha"". The postscript observes: The is a group formed by ""hibakusha"" in 1956 with the goals of pressuring the Japanese government to improve support of the victims and lobbying governments for the abolition of nuclear weapons. Some estimates are that 140,000 people in Hiroshima (38.9% of the population) and 70,000 people in Nagasaki (28.0% of the population) died in 1945, but how"
"expressed by hibakusha (literally, explosion-affected people), the atomic bomb survivors, for their protest against nuclear weapons. Walking along a Hiroshima street one day, Barbara was stopped by a hesitant woman in full kimono. The woman pulled up her sleeve to show gnarled keloid scars typical of atomic bomb burns. With tears in her eyes she thanked Barbara for giving her a voice to share the cry of her heart, ""No More Hiroshimas"", with the world. Barbara often mentioned this in talks, saying, with tears in her own eyes, ""it had never occurred to us to represent anyone but ourselves."" Barbara"
"Hibakujumoku Hibakujumoku (; also called survivor tree or A-bombed tree in English) is a Japanese term for a tree that survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945. The term is from and . The heat emitted by the explosion in Hiroshima within the first three seconds at a distance of three kilometres from the hypocenter was about 40 times greater than that from the Sun. The initial radiation level at the hypocenter was approximately 240 Gy. According to ""Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings"", plants suffered damage only in the portions exposed"
"government was also forced to put the Tokyo policemen who were involved in the incident on trial, something that was unheard of in Japan. The trial resulted in thirty-five convictions; sentences were either hard labor or deportation. The trial put a spotlight on the Chinese population in Japan; the Chinese used their influence in Allied command to grant special status to ethnic Chinese, and gave them special rights including extra rations, a privilege that was not granted to ethnic Koreans. Shibuya incident The was a violent confrontation which occurred in between rival gangs near the Shibuya Station in Tokyo, Japan."
"States was widely blamed in Japan for the Treaty of Portsmouth with Roosevelt having allegedly ""cheated"" Japan out of its rightful claims at the peace conference. On 5 September 1905 the Hibiya incendiary incident as the anti-American riots were euphemistically described erupted in Tokyo, and lasted for three days, forcing the government to declare martial law. Sources do not agree on a precise number of deaths from the war because of a lack of body counts for confirmation. The number of Japanese Army dead in combat or died of wounds is put at around 59,000 with around 27,000 additional casualties"
"Yokohama and further stimulated hundreds of nonviolent rallies, speeches, and meetings throughout Japan for the next several months. This unrest directly contributed to the collapse of Prime Minister Katsura Tarō's cabinet on 7 January 1906. The Hibiya Incendiary Incident marks the beginning of a period in Japanese history that historians call the . Over the next 13 years Japan would be rocked by a series of violent protests (nine different riots in Tokyo alone), culminating in the Rice riots of 1918. Hibiya incendiary incident The was a major citywide riot which erupted in Tokyo on 5 September 1905 in protest"
"Kameido incident The Kameido incident took place in 1923 in the aftermath of the Great Kantō earthquake. On September 1, 1923, the Great Kantō earthquake struck Tokyo and Yokohama and martial law was imposed in the aftermath of the earthquake. On the evening of September 3, the Kameido police in Tokyo began arresting known social activists, suspecting that they would ""spread disorder or forment revolution amid the confusion"". During the mass arrests, police arrested union leader Hirasawa Keishichi, and Nakatsuji Uhachi, a member of the Pure Laborers' Union. The Special Higher Police arrest seven members of the Nankatsu Labor Association."