What does the Japanese word 'karoshi' translate to, which workaholics must be aware of?
"the Karoshi distribution. This will be unfeasible until Samba 4 is released due to the complexities surrounding integration of user resolution and file access across multiple operating systems, such as those that do not support the Active Directory protocols. Some integration has occurred already with a working client system that authenticates using Kerberos, then authenticates successfully with Moodle, Samba and Squid using Kerberos credentials. The Linux Schools Project The Linux Schools Project (formerly ""Karoshi"", which can be translated literally as ""death from overwork"" in Japanese) is an operating system designed for schools. It is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu"
"Karōshi , which can be translated literally as ""overwork death"" in Japanese, is occupational sudden mortality. The major medical causes of ""karōshi"" deaths are heart attack and stroke due to stress and a starvation diet. This phenomenon is also widespread in other parts of Asia as well. The first case of ""karōshi"" was reported in 1969 with the stroke-related death of a 29-year-old male worker in the shipping department of Japan's largest newspaper company. The term was invented in 1978 to refer to an increasing number of people suffering from fatal strokes and heart attacks attributed to overwork. A book"
"as stress levels are heightened. These effects are even worse for single parents. ""Karoshi"" (translated as worked to death) is a concern in Japan. A paper published in 2006 showed that over a quarter of Japan's workforce were working 50 hours or more per week with half of them working 60 hours or more per week. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare launched an investigation in 2002 to examine 300 cases of possible Karoshi (death from being over-worked) during a time frame between 2002 and 2005. From their study, they recommended that employers offer a physician interview / guidance"
"along with the criminalization of their work status, creates a climate of vulnerability that unscrupulous employers use to cheapen labor and extract more work. The problem of overwork in Japan has become so acute that the term ""karōshi"", literally means ‘death by overwork’ was coined a few years ago. The government estimates that 200 people die from ""karōshi"" every year because of heart attacks or cerebral hemorrhages due to long hours spent at the work place. However, ""karōshi"" does not include deaths from mental depression or suicides. If this was the case, the number of work related deaths would dramatically"
"penalties for companies that violate work hour laws. Approximately 2000 applications are filed by the families of salarymen that die of karōshi. However, the death toll may be much higher, and ""as many as 8000 of the 30,000 annual suicides each year are thought to be work-related,"" with ""as many as 10,000 non-suicide karōshi deaths per year."" Karōshi, literally ""overwork death,"" was first diagnosed as a ""circulatory disease brought on by stress"" in the late 1970s after the 1973 oil crisis, which took a toll on the post-war reconstruction of Japanese industry. Since then, the number of deaths from overwork"
"for promotion, and there is usually the tacit expectation that they leave their jobs once they get married. , which can be translated quite literally from Japanese as ""death from overwork"", is occupational sudden death. The major medical causes of karōshi deaths are heart attack and stroke due to stress. , (sometimes also translated as ""corporate bouncers"", ""meeting-men"", or ""corporate blackmailers"") are a form of specialized racketeer unique to Japan, and often associated with the yakuza that extort money from or blackmail companies by threatening to publicly humiliate companies and their management, usually in their . is a Japanese term"
"Freeters are now facing the risk of ""karōshi"", just as regular workers have, due to their long hours. There are other undesirable results, other than ""karōshi"", that arise from working long hours. A psychological trait known as workaholism has been shown to lead one to work long hours. (Spence & Robbins, 1992) There are three defining factors of workaholism: high work involvement, being driven to or compelled to work by inner pressures, and low enjoyment of work. (Kanai, 1996). The last of these factors suggests a contradiction. However, Kanai argued that workaholism is not a psychological trait, but rather results"
"and ""Attention-Deficit Workaholics"" (those with high work initiation and low work completion), in contrast to ""Bulimic"" and ""Relentless"" workaholics - both of whom have high work completion. Workaholism in Japan is considered a serious social problem leading to early death, often on the job, a phenomenon dubbed ""karōshi"". Overwork was popularly blamed for the fatal stroke of Prime Minister of Japan Keizō Obuchi, in the year 2000. Death from overwork is not a uniquely Japanese phenomenon; in 2013, a Bank of America intern in London died after working for 72 hours straight. Workaholics feel the urge of being busy all"
"male working employees worked over 60 hours per week, which is 50% longer than a typical 40-hour weekly working schedule. Realizing the seriousness and widespread nature of this emerging problem, a group of lawyers and doctors set up “karoshi hotlines” that are nationally available, dedicating to help those who seek consultation on karoshi related issues. Japan's rise from the devastation of World War II to economic prominence and the huge war reparations they have paid in the post-war decades have been regarded as the trigger for what has been called a new epidemic. It was recognized that employees cannot work"
"for salarymen. Extreme pressure on salarymen can lead to death by overwork, or ""karōshi"". Salarymen feel intense pressure to fulfill their duty to support their family because of the gendered expectations placed on men. According to a ""Washington Post"" article, the Japanese government attempted for years to set a limit to the number of hours one can work, and the issue has been prevalent since the 1970s. In 2014, after 30 years of activism, Japan's parliament (the Japanese Diet) passed a law ""promoting countermeasures against karōshi."" However, many Japanese still criticize the government and believe there should be laws and"
"found that the engineer had died of cardiogenic shock. The engineer's parents said that he had usually worked for 16–19 hours a day. CNN shows another reported case of ""karōshi"" in Taiwan. This short clip called ""The Dangers of Overwork"" shows a man who suffered a stroke and was left for three hours until taken to the hospital. It was made known that physicians are starting to make people more aware of these health deficits due to overworking. More people have been visiting their doctor, recognizing these signs and symptoms. General: Karōshi , which can be translated literally as ""overwork"
"to work, as well as traveling for months at a time for his job. He rarely is able to have any time with family or friends and can be seen as absent in family life. Research shows that the amount of time a person is required to work can have a large impact on physical and psychological well-being. There are documented cases of karōshi (death by overwork) and karojisatsu (suicide by overwork) in Japan. It is estimated that “more than 10,000 workers die annually owing to cerebral/cardio diseases caused by work overload.” Only a small percentage of these cases are"
"for loss of business due to the negative publicity. http://www.justlanded.com/english/Japan/Japan-Guide/Jobs/Working-in-Japan http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/karoshi http://thisjapaneselife.org/2013/02/27/on-smoking-cigarettes-in-japan/ http://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/303917/ Part-time job terrorism Japanese culture is often associated with long hours, some individuals working as many as 60 hours a week. Such working hours are associated with mental and physiological health complications, with Japanese newspapers citing rare cases of spontaneous death, informally known as Karōshi. To complicate matters further, Japanese offices are often noisy, smoke-filled (due to lack of smoking laws) environments and this may have further adverse effects on the health and well-being of employees. Part-time job terrorism might in this context be a form of"
"for 12 or more hours a day, 6–7 days a week, year after year, without suffering physically as well as mentally. It is common for the overtime to go unpaid. In an International Labour Organization article about ""karōshi"", the following four typical cases of ""karōshi"" were mentioned: As well as physical pressure, mental stress from the workplace can cause ""karōshi"". People who commit suicide due to mental stress are called """"karōjisatsu"" (過労自殺)."" The ILO also lists some causes of overwork or occupational stress that include the following: In a 1988 report published by the Karoshi Hotline Network, the majority of"
"states that an employer should not exceed a 40-hour work week for employees. Exceeding this work week requires an exclusive worker-management agreement, and overtime and this work is to be compensated for with a corresponding wage increase. For example, overtime and night work both require an increase by a rate of 25% at the minimum. The increasing cases of ""Karōshi"", or health and workplace accidents resulting from overtime work have led to reforms in the Industrial Health and Safety Law as well. Although non-binding, these reforms mandate employers to arrange for overtime workers to be provided with health guidance. Karōshi"
"seriously. The current Labor Standards Act is not effective if the majority of the representative employees agree with working over 40 hours per week, despite clauses in the Act prohibits such overtime. A study by the Cabinet Office of the Economic and Social Research Institute of Japan (the Cabinet Office) pointed out that refusing to consent with the ILO's treaty on work time regulations could be a large contributing factor to the current state of the labor market. A Japanese businessman, also known as a salaryman (サラリーマン, """"sararīman""""), is often a victim of ""karōshi"" due to the strenuous work hours"
"Part-time job terrorism Japanese culture is often associated with long hours, some individuals working as many as 60 hours a week. Such working hours are associated with mental and physiological health complications, with Japanese newspapers citing rare cases of spontaneous death, informally known as Karōshi. To complicate matters further, Japanese offices are often noisy, smoke-filled (due to lack of smoking laws) environments and this may have further adverse effects on the health and well-being of employees. Part-time job terrorism might in this context be a form of escapism, disenchanted employees gaining support from their peers outside of work to compensate"
"workers traditionally expect more from their employers than their western counterparts, including job security - often for life - pensions and social protection. This system of collective cooperation and the domination of the worker in corporate policy led to the Japanese system being dubbed ""peoplism"" by some critics. Many critics voiced concerns that while collective capitalism often provides benefits for workers, it also placed a high demand on them and their families. Long hours and high levels of discipline are commonplace, resulting in high levels of stress and the emergence of ""karōshi,"" or ""death by overwork,"" within the Japanese workforce."
"exacerbate the overwork culture. This amendment is effective April 2019. Public reaction has been generally positive towards the overtime and equal pay amendments, though divided on the exemption amendment which has been especially controversial. Those in favor argue for its push towards productivity, whereas the opposition argue no pay for overtime hours could put workers at greater risk - politician Yukio Edano goes so far as calling it ""The Permitting Death By Overwork (Karoshi) Legislation (過労死容認法案)"". Karōshi and reforms on labor policy in Japan were further brought into urgent attention following the suicide of 24 year old Matsuri Takahashi on"
"socializing with coworkers. Since not everyone can keep up with the pace and immersion of salaryman life, stress-induced death became fairly common. Due to this high-stress nature of a salaryman's job, death by cardivascular diseases or mental disorders were some of the two biggest factors. Since Japanese businessmen are under a lot of work-related pressures, ""karōshi"" suicides have increased, especially due to economic crises. Even those that were able to keep their jobs, after their company laid off multiple employees, experienced a large increase in work. ""In 2000, 28% of regular Japanese employees worked 50 hours or more per week,"
"career. Other popular notions surrounding salarymen include karōshi, or death from overwork. In conservative Japanese culture, becoming a salaryman is the expected career choice for young men and those who do not take this career path are regarded as living with a stigma and less prestige. On the other hand, the word ""salaryman"" is sometimes used with derogatory connotation for his total dependence on his employer and lack of individuality. The word ""salaryman"" saw widespread use in Japan by 1930, ""although the white-collar class remained relatively small until the rapid expansion of government bureaucracies and war-related industry before and during"
"Hiroshi (owarai) , real name , is a Japanese comedian famous for his stand-up act. Originally a member (a quick-tempered tsukkomi) of a ""kombi"" called ""Babies"" (ベイビーズ), he started working as a host in Tokyo under the host name Ken Saegami (冴神剣 ""Saegami Ken"") when ""Babies"" dissolved. Making a mere amount of yen equivalent to $800 per month, he worked as a host for nearly 3 years. After quitting his host job, he returned to the comedy circuit with a new name, ""Hiroshi""—taken from the announcer Hiroshi Ikushima (生島ヒロシ ""Ikushima Hiroshi"")—and a new gimmick; one that would eventually gain him"
"on the issue in 1982 brought the term into public usage. It was not until the mid to late 1980s, during the Bubble Economy, when several high-ranking business executives who were still in their prime years suddenly died without any previous sign of illness, that the term emerged into Japanese public life. This new phenomenon was immediately seen as a new and serious menace for people in the work force. In 1987, as public concern increased, the Japanese Ministry of Labour began to publish statistics on ""karōshi"". In 1988, the Labor Force Survey reported that almost one fourth of the"
"hours/year) is the limit allowed for busier months, with the general upper limit set at 45 hours per month (360 hours/year). The Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry defines the threshold for ""karōshi"" as greater than 80 hours of overtime a month. The cap is effective April 2019 for large companies and April 2020 for small and medium-sized companies. “Equal pay for equal work” entails equal pay for non-regular workers that engage in the same scope of work. Put another way, equal treatment of workers - without discrimination on employment status. Question towards the lack of specificity of this portion of"
"to match the improvements, leading to across the economy wage increases. Since Japan has been in recession and deflation, with union membership falling, the value of the ""shuntō"" and the automatic wage increases associated with it have come under threat. The major unions in steel, electronics and the automotive industry have been forced to restrict their demands and even accept zero offers from the employers. The concern has become to protect existing pay structures and jobs. With greater pressure on the workforce the rise in ""karōshi"" and ""karō jisatsu"" are worrying trends. During recent years, there has been criticism among"
"medical school enrollment. It takes years for physicians to become qualified, so it is critical that alternative measures come into play before ""karōshi"" takes a toll on physicians in Japan. A number of companies have been making an effort to find a better work-life balance for their employees. Toyota, for example, now generally limits overtime to 360 hours a year (an average of 30 hours monthly), and, at some offices, issues public address announcements every hour after 7 p.m. pointing out the importance of rest and urging workers to go home. Nissan offers telecommuting for office workers to make it"
"the clients who consulted were not workers, but the wives of the workers who had either passed away because of karoshi or were at high risk of doing so. This indicated that those who were stressed out by work either did not realize the cause was overworking or were under social pressure to not express it explicitly by seeking help. The Karoshi Hotline received the highest number of calls when it was first established in 1988. From 1988 to 1990, there were a total number of 1806 calls received. From 1990 to 2007, the number of calls received per year"
"""ōnusa"". ""Kannushi"" are assisted in their religious or clerical work by women called ""miko"". To become a ""kannushi"", a novice must study at a university approved by the , typically Tokyo's Kokugakuin University or Ise's Kogakkan University, or pass an exam that will certify his qualification. Women can also become ""kannushi"" and widows can succeed their husbands in their job. Kannushi A , also called , is the person responsible for the maintenance of a as well as for leading worship of a given ""kami"". The characters for ""kannushi"" are sometimes also read jinshu with the same meaning. Originally the"
"Kannushi A , also called , is the person responsible for the maintenance of a as well as for leading worship of a given ""kami"". The characters for ""kannushi"" are sometimes also read jinshu with the same meaning. Originally the ""kannushi"" were intermediaries between ""kami"" and could transmit their will to common humans. A ""kannushi"" was a man capable of miracles or a holy man who, because of his practice of purificatory rites, was able to work as a medium for a kami. Later the term evolved to being synonymous with ""shinshoku"", that is, a man who works at a"
"also comes from this. Kasha (folklore) The kasha (火車, lit. ""burning chariot"" or ""burning barouche"" or 化車, ""changed wheel"") is a Japanese yōkai that steals the corpses of those who have died as a result of accumulating evil deeds. Kasha are a yōkai that would steal corpses from funerals and cemeteries, and what exactly they are is not firmly set, and there are examples all throughout the country. In many cases their true identity is actually a cat yōkai, and it is also said that cats that grow old would turn into this yōkai, and that their true identity is"
"Workaholic A workaholic is a person who works compulsively. While the term generally implies that the person enjoys their work, it can also alternately imply that they simply feel compelled to do it. There is no generally accepted medical definition of such a condition, although some forms of stress, impulse control disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder can be work-related. The word itself is a portmanteau word composed of ""work"" and ""alcoholic"". Its first known appearance, according to the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", came in Canada in the ""Toronto Daily Star"" of 5 April 1947, page 6, with a punning"
"Kabushiki gaisha A or kabushiki kaisha, commonly abbreviated KK, is a type of defined under the Companies Act of Japan. The term is often translated as ""stock company"", ""joint-stock company"" or ""stock corporation"". In English, ""kabushiki kaisha"" is usually used, but the original Japanese pronunciation is ""kabushiki gaisha"" because of rendaku. A kabushiki kaisha must include ""株式会社"" in its name (Article 6, paragraph 2 of the Companies Act). In a company name, """" can be used as a prefix (e.g. ""Kabushiki gaisha Dentsū"", which is called """"mae-kabu"""") or as a suffix (e.g. ""Toyota Jidōsha Kabushiki gaisha"", which is called """"ato-kabu"""")."
"a documentary called ""Alt in Japan"" (Old in Japan) on 6 November 2006 dealing with older workers in Japan. In 2008, ""karōshi"" again made headlines: a death back in 2006 of a key Toyota engineer who averaged over 80 hours overtime each month was ruled the result of overwork. His family was awarded benefits after his case was reviewed. Taiwanese media have reported a case of ""karōshi"". An engineer had worked for Nanya Technology for 3 years from 2006 to 2009. It was found that he died in front of his computer which was surrounded by company documents. The prosecution"