"Alexander Pope wrote this epitaph for Sir Isaac Newton: ""Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night; God said 'Let Newton be' and all was light."" To the above, Sir John Collings Squire added: ""It did not last: the devil, shouting 'Ho. Let ___ be' restored the status quo."" Whom did the devil add?"
"theory of relativity. Many books, plays, and films focus on Newton or use Newton as a literary device. Newton's stature among scientists remains at the very top rank, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of scientists in Britain's Royal Society (formerly headed by Newton) asking who had the greater effect on the history of science, Newton or Albert Einstein. Newton was deemed the more influential. In 1999, leading physicists voted Einstein ""greatest physicist ever""; Newton was the runner-up. English poet Alexander Pope was moved by Newton's accomplishments to write the famous epitaph: Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;"
"to establish."" English poet Alexander Pope wrote the famous epitaph: Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;<br> God said ""Let Newton be"" and all was light. Newton was relatively modest about his achievements, writing in a letter to Robert Hooke in February 1676: If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. Two writers think that the above quotation, written at a time when Newton and Hooke were in dispute over optical discoveries, was an oblique attack on Hooke (said to have been short and hunchbacked), rather than—or in addition to—a statement of modesty."
"added. He also changed the hero from Lewis Theobald to Colley Cibber. In the fourth book of the new ""Dunciad"", Pope expressed the view that, in the battle between light and dark (enlightenment and the Dark Ages), Night and Dulness were fated to win, that all things of value were soon going to be subsumed under the curtain of unknowing. John Gay and Alexander Pope belong on one side of a line separating the celebrants of the individual and the celebrants of the social. Pope wrote ""The Rape of the Lock,"" he said, to settle a disagreement between two great"
"in the ""Dunciad Variorum."" In Book III, 165–166, Pope wrote: ""Silence, ye Wolves! while Ralph to Cynthia howls And makes Night hideous — Answer him, ye Owls!"" The answer was a ""tour de force"" and encompasses not only Ralph's grandiosity, but also his imitation of Thomson's verse. Ralph thought that the attack soured his reception with booksellers and that they would no longer publish him simply because of Pope's insult, and because Pope's notes dismissed Ralph as a ""low writer."" His belief is understandable, but it is unlikely, given the responses that James Moore Smythe, Edward Cooke, and Leonard Welsted"
"referred to ""laws"" of nature, they were not glibly choosing that metaphor. Laws were the result of legislation by an intelligent deity. Thus the philosopher René Descartes (1596–1650) insisted that he was discovering the ""laws that God has put into nature."" Later Newton would declare that the regulation of the solar system presupposed the ""counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being."" Historian Ronald L. Numbers stated that this thesis ""received a boost"" from mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead's ""Science and the Modern World"" (1925). Numbers has also argued, ""Despite the manifest shortcomings of the claim that Christianity"
"produced the ""Dunciad Variorum,"" with a ""learned"" commentary upon the original ""Dunciad"". In 1743, he added a fourth book and changed the hero from Lewis Theobald to Colley Cibber. In the fourth book of the new ""Dunciad"", Pope expressed the view that, in the battle between light and dark (enlightenment and the Dark Ages), Night and Dulness were fated to win, that all things of value were soon going to be subsumed under the curtain of unknowing. John Gay and Alexander Pope belong on one side of a line separating the celebrants of the individual and the celebrants of the"
"account of the creation of the solar system. Newton reconciled his beliefs by adopting the idea that the Christian God set in place at the beginning of time the ""mechanical"" laws of nature, but retained the power to enter and alter that mechanism at any time. Newton further believed that the preservation of nature was in itself an act of God, stating that ""a continual miracle is needed to prevent the Sun and fixed stars from rushing together through Gravity"". Between 1726 and 1729, French author, philosopher, and historian Voltaire was exiled in England, where he met several significant English"
"evangelical Christianity, the inspiration behind his much-loved hymns. He continued to suffer doubt and, after a dream in 1773, believed that he was doomed to eternal damnation. He recovered and wrote more religious hymns. His religious sentiment and association with John Newton (who wrote the hymn ""Amazing Grace"") led to much of the poetry for which he is best remembered, and to the series of Olney Hymns. His poem ""Light Shining out of Darkness"" gave English the phrase: ""God moves in a mysterious way/His wonders to perform."" He also wrote a number of anti-slavery poems and his friendship with Newton,"
"the name of the Mother of God, the demon disappeared. 7 years later a demon appeared in front of St. Peter as an ""angel of light"". The ""angel"" commanded him to go to the world for salvation of others. When St. Peter refused again and pronounced the names of the Mother of God and St. Nicholas, the ""angel"" disappeared. When St. Gregory the Decapolite was living in a cave, he had many demonic assaults. Once the demons appeared as Forty Martyrs of Sebaste and said that they came to give him the grace and power over demons. But St. Gregory"
"put into nature."" Later Newton would declare that the regulation of the solar system presupposed the ""counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being."" Historian Ronald L. Numbers stated that this thesis ""received a boost"" from mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead's ""Science and the Modern World"" (1925). Numbers has also argued, ""Despite the manifest shortcomings of the claim that Christianity gave birth to science—most glaringly, it ignores or minimizes the contributions of ancient Greeks and medieval Muslims—it too, refuses to succumb to the death it deserves."" The sociologist Rodney Stark of Baylor University, argued in contrast that ""Christian"
"darkness. The use of the raven—the ""devil bird""—also suggests this. This devil image is emphasized by the narrator's belief that the raven is ""from the Night's Plutonian shore"", or a messenger from the afterlife, referring to Pluto, the Roman god of the underworld (also known as Dis Pater in Roman mythology). A direct allusion to Satan also appears: ""Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore..."" Poe chose a raven as the central symbol in the story because he wanted a ""non-reasoning"" creature capable of speech. He decided on a raven, which he considered ""equally capable of speech"""
"Lowth seems also to have held this opinion, noting, by way of Plato, that the poem contains references made ""not by men in their sober senses, but [by] the God himself"". In the mid-19th century, Oxford scholar John Keble claimed: ""Taceo si quid divinius ac sanctius (quod credo equidem) adhaeret istis auguriis"" (""I am silent about whether something more divine and sacredwhich is what I, in fact, believeclings to these prophecies""). By the turn of the 20th century, most scholars had abandoned the idea that the Fourth ""Eclogue"" was prophetic, although ""there [were] still some to be found who"", in"
"nature is part of the law of England: thirdly, that the law of nature was before any judicial or municipal law: fourthly, that the law of nature is immutable."" To support these findings, the assembled judges (as reported by Coke, who was one of them) cited as authorities Aristotle, Cicero, and the Apostle Paul; as well as Bracton, Fortescue, and St. Germain. After Coke, the most famous common law jurist of the seventeenth century is Sir Matthew Hale. Hale wrote a treatise on natural law that circulated among English lawyers in the eighteenth century and survives in three manuscript copies."
"The sycophant—who in the pay of the English oligarchy played the romantic ""laudator temporis acti"" against the French Revolution just as, in the pay of the North American colonies at the beginning of the American troubles, he had played the liberal against the English oligarchy—was an out-and-out vulgar bourgeois. ""The laws of commerce are the laws of Nature, and therefore the laws of God."" (E. Burke, l.c., pp. 31, 32) No wonder that, true to the laws of God and Nature, he always sold himself in the best market. Winston Churchill, in ""Consistency in Politics"", wrote: On the one hand"
"the natural laws. The natural laws consider the Universe as a whole a perfect work of God. To humans it appears to be evil and imperfect in many ways; however, Pope points out that this is due to our limited mindset and limited intellectual capacity. Pope gets the message across that humans must accept their position in the ""Great Chain of Being"" which is at a middle stage between the angels and the beasts of the world. If we are able to accomplish this then we potentially could lead happy and virtuous lives. The poem is an affirmative poem of"
"killed because, after bringing people back from the dead like Tyndareus, Hades thought that no more dead spirits would come to the underworld. Because of this, he asked his brother Zeus to stop him. This angered Apollo who in turn killed the Cyclopes who made the thunderbolts for Zeus. For this act, Zeus suspended Apollo from the night sky and commanded Apollo to serve Admetus, King of Thessaly for a year. Once the year had passed, Zeus brought Apollo back to Mount Olympus and revived the Cyclopes that made his thunderbolts. After Asclepius's death, Zeus placed his body among the"
"in effect tend to exclude God out of the world"". In addition to stepping in to re-form the solar system, Newton invoked God's active intervention to prevent the stars falling in on each other, and perhaps in preventing the amount of motion in the universe from decaying due to viscosity and friction. In private correspondence Newton sometimes hinted that the force of Gravity was due to an immaterial influence: Leibniz jibed that such an immaterial influence would be a continual miracle; this was another strand of his debate with Clarke. Newton's view has been considered to be close to deism"
"Pope referred contemptuously to Cibber's ""past, vamp'd, future, old, reviv'd, new"" plays, produced with ""less human genius than God gives an ape"". Cibber's elevation to laureateship in 1730 further inflamed Pope against him. Cibber was selected for political reasons, as he was a supporter of the Whig government of Robert Walpole, while Pope was a Tory. The selection of Cibber for this honour was widely seen as especially cynical coming at a time when Pope, Gay, Thomson, Ambrose Philips, and Edward Young were all in their prime. As one epigram of the time put it: Pope, mortified by the elevation"
"creates his own natural philosophy and criticises science, like that established by Isaac Newton, for their ignoring ""the glory of Almighty God."" To Smart, each piece of matter is alive because it is connected to God, and matter cannot be described in a cold manner that disconnects it from this reality. However, Smart accomplished his new science by relying on Newtonian empiricism. As part of his desire to bring back the divine language to poetry and science, he creates an ""Ark of Salvation"" in order to describe a prophetic and apocalyptic future which emphasises the importance of Christ and England."
"his earlier days, ""the ornament to religion and morality which he afterwards became"", and his friendships with the Duke of Wharton and with Dodington did not improve his reputation. A statement attributed to Alexander Pope is that: ""He had much of a sublime genius, though without common sense; so that his genius, having no guide, was perpetually liable to degenerate into bombast. This made him pass a foolish youth, the sport of peers and poets; but his having a very good heart enabled him to support the clerical character when he assumed it, first with decency and afterwards with honour"""
"sacrifices. When [Benedict] the man of God arrived, he smashed the idol, overturned the altar and cut down the grove of trees. He built a chapel dedicated to St. Martin in the temple of Apollo and another to St. John where the altar of Apollo had stood. And he summoned the people of the district to the faith by his unceasing preaching."" Pope Gregory I's biography of Benedict claims that Satan opposed the monks repurposing the site. In one story, Satan invisibly sits on a rock making it too heavy to remove until Benedict drives him off. In another story,"
"enemies with vehemence and scurrility, much of which was directed strongly and forcibly against the Roman Catholic Church and its writers: but this cavill does not significantly diminish the value of his contributions to literature. (The Roman Catholic sympathiser and antiquary Anthony Wood, a man of ""uncouth manners"" and a condemned libeller, described him as ""foul-mouthed Bale"" a century afterwards.) Of his mysteries and miracle plays only five have been preserved, but the titles of the others, quoted by himself in his ""Catalogus"", show that they were animated by the same political and religious aims. The ""Three Laws of Nature,"
"having been added only a few minutes before. A legend which emphasizes the topos of ""brightness"" says he did not physically write the Canticle, because of his blindness from an eye disease; but he dictated it and he did it looking at Nature through the eye of mind. Father Eric Doyle wrote: “Though physically blind, he was able to see more clearly than ever with the inner eye of his mind. With unparalleled clarity he perceived the basic unity of all creation and his own place as a friar in the midst of God’s creatures. His unqualified love of all"
"Some of today's scholars, such as Stanley Jaki, have claimed that Christianity with its particular worldview, was a crucial factor for the emergence of modern science. Many well-known historical figures who influenced Western science considered themselves Christian such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Boyle. Isaac Newton, for example, believed that gravity caused the planets to revolve about the Sun, and credited God with the design. In the concluding General Scholium to the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, he wrote: ""This most beautiful System of the Sun, Planets and Comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent"
"Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a ""natural philosopher"") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book ""Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"" (""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy""), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. In ""Principia"", Newton formulated the laws of motion"
"second edition of his Principia:This most elegant system of the sun, planets, and comets could not have arisen without the design and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being. This view, that ""God is known from his works"", was supported and popularized by Newton's friends Richard Bentley, Samuel Clarke and William Whiston in the Boyle lectures, which Newton supervised. Newton wrote to Bentley, just before Bentley delivered the first lecture, that:when I wrote my treatise about our Systeme I had an eye upon such Principles as might work with considering men for the beliefe [sic] of a Deity, and nothing"
"atmosphere of the Enlightenment through attacking the Christian revelation. From the 1730s there was an international cult of Newton and Locke. The view that while the 'propagandists of the Enlightenment were French its patron saints and pioneers were British: Bacon, Newton and Locke had such splendid reputations on the continent that they quite overshadowed the revolutionary ideas of a Descartes or a Fontenelle'. Deism received indirect support from the physics of Isaac Newton and the philosophy of John Locke. Deism owed its growing intellectual acceptance in part to the success of the Newtonian mechanical view of the world. Newton was"
"literal truths, and he was inventing a mythos to go with the everyday. The poem was an enormous public success. A decade after the gentle, laughing satire of ""The Rape of the Lock,"" Pope wrote his masterpiece of invective and specific opprobrium in ""The Dunciad."" The story is that of the goddess Dulness choosing a new Avatar. She settles upon one of Pope's personal enemies, Lewis Theobald, and the poem describes the coronation and heroic games undertaken by all of the dunces of Great Britain in celebration of Theobald's ascension. When Pope's enemies responded to ""The Dunciad"" with attacks, Pope"
"the Pope and the Republic to change their decision. The letter they sent to the Pope is a long list of warm praises. Their prayers were not in vain as the Saint was able to stay for another seven years among the Corsicans. He corrected abuses, rebuilt churches, founded colleges and seminaries, and despite the depredations of corsairs, and the death of his comrades, he placed the Church in a flourishing condition. Because of his heroic charity, especially during the time of famine and pestilence, he was called “The Guardian Angel and Apostle of Corsica.” What the Corsicans feared in"
"ways of interpreting scripture according to its spirit on its authority and truth. Many well-known historical figures who influenced Western science considered themselves Christian such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Boyle. Isaac Newton, for example, believed that gravity caused the planets to revolve about the Sun, and credited God with the design. In the concluding General Scholium to the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, he wrote: ""This most beautiful System of the Sun, Planets and Comets, could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful being."" Other famous founders of science who adhered to Christian beliefs"
"names (which, of course, did happen, as a number of persons are only remembered for their appearances in the poem), but he similarly did not want innocents to be mistaken for the targets. Pope also apologises for using parody of the Classics (for his poem imitates both Homer and Virgil) by pointing out that the ancients also used parody to belittle unworthy poets. Pope's preface is followed by advertisements from the bookseller, a section called ""Testimonies of Authors Concerning Our Poet and his Works"" by ""Martinus Scriblerus,"" and a further section named ""Martinus Scriblerus, of the Poem."" Martinus Scriblerus was"
"Natural-law argument Natural-law argument for the existence of God was especially popular in the eighteenth century as a result of the influence of Sir Isaac Newton. As Bertrand Russell pointed out much later, many of the things we consider to be laws of nature, in fact, are human conventions. Indeed, Albert Einstein has shown that Newton's law of universal gravitation was such a convention, and though elegant and useful, one that did not describe the universe precisely. Most true laws are rather trivial, such as mathematical laws, laws of probability, and so forth, and much less impressive than those that"
"was explicable in terms of uniform natural laws that could be discovered by observation and formulated mathematically. By mastering these laws reason could explain cosmic events that had previously been ascribed to divine intervention. This system, Newton believed, had been designed and produced by an intelligent and powerful Creator. Close though he was to Deism, Newton differed from the strict Deists insofar as he invoked God as a special physical cause to keep the planets in stable orbits. He believed in biblical prophecies, but rejected the doctrines of the Trinity and Incarnation as irrational. The implications of Isaac Newton's physical"