What nationality is the former Secretary General of the UN, Boutros- Boutros Ghali?
"hospital in Cairo, after having been admitted for a broken pelvis or leg, on 16 February 2016. A military funeral was held for him with prayers led by Coptic Pope Tawadros II. He is buried at Petrine Church in Abbassia, Cairo. Grand Cross of the Order of the Liberator General San Martín As Secretary-General, Boutros-Ghali wrote ""An Agenda for Peace"". He has also published other memoirs: Boutros Boutros-Ghali Boutros Boutros-Ghali (; , """", ; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from January 1992"
"Boutros-Ghali, was Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1992 to 1996. Upon graduation, Boutros-Ghali joined the International Monetary Fund as an EP (Economist Program). He became Senior Economist. He worked in both area and functional departments: first in the Middle East Department (MED) and later in Policy and Development Review (PDR) on Asian, Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. He gained profound knowledge of the economic problems and policy challenges of countries as diverse as the Sudan, Ivory Coast, the Philippines, China, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. He also did background work on the Latin American debt crisis of"
"1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1996 at the end of Boutros Boutros-Ghali's first term. Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term and received the support of 14 of the 15 members of the United Nations Security Council. However, the United States vetoed his re-selection and eventually forced him to withdraw his candidacy. The open selection then deadlocked as France vetoed all candidates from English-speaking countries, while the United States vetoed all candidates from French-speaking countries. France eventually changed its veto to an abstention, and Kofi Annan of Ghana was selected Secretary-General for"
"into a Coptic Christian family. His father Yusuf Butros Ghali was the son of Boutros Ghali Pasha (also his namesake), who was Prime Minister of Egypt from 1908 until he was assassinated in 1910. His mother Safela Mikhail Sharubim was daughter of Mikhail Sharubim (1861–1920), a prominent public servant and historian. Boutros-Ghali graduated from Cairo University in 1946. He received a PhD in international law from the University of Paris and diploma in international relations from the Sciences Po in 1949. During 1949–1979, he was appointed Professor of International Law and International Relations at Cairo University. He became President of"
"by acclamation to be Secretary-General of the United Nations for a term ending on 31 December 1996. Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed in 1996 for a second term, receiving votes from 14 of the 15 members of the Security Council. However, he was vetoed by the United States due to disputes over UN peacekeeping missions and unpaid UN dues. After the other Security Council members failed to persuade the United States to change its position, the 1996 selection was thrown open to other candidates. Boutros-Ghali became the only Secretary-General to be denied a second term. 1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United"
"consists of members of different nationalities, who are well known in the academic or diplomatic worlds, or practising international lawyers. The president of the Curatorium is a distinguished jurist who generally has extensive experience of international and diplomatic life. Among the most recent presidents have been Roberto Ago, Nicolas Valticos and Boutros Boutros-Ghali. President Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Former Secretary-General of the United Nations. (died on 16-2-2016); Vice-President Erik Jayme, Professor Emeritus at the Institute for Foreign and International Private and Commercial Law, Heidelberg; Members Geneviève Bastid-Burdeau, Professor at the University Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne); Antônio Augusto Cançado-Trindade, Judge at the International Court"
"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1091 United Nations Security Council resolution 1091, adopted without a vote at a closed meeting on 13 December 1996, the Council acknowledged the contributions of the outgoing Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, whose term would expire on 31 December 1996. The Security Council recognised the role that Boutros-Ghali played in guiding the United Nations in the discharge of its responsibilities under the United Nations Charter. It also noted his efforts to find lasting solutions to conflicts around the world and commended the reforms he made in restructuring and strengthening the United Nations system. The resolution acknowledge the"
"Boutros Ghali Boutros Ghali (1846 – 21 February 1910; , ; styled Boutros Ghali Bey, later Pasha or Boutros Bey, later Pasha Ghali) was the prime minister of Egypt from 1908 to 1910. Boutros Ghali was born to a Coptic Christian family in Kiman-al-‘Arus, a village of Beni Suef, Egypt, in 1846. His father was Ghali Nayruz, the steward of Prince Mustafa Fadil. Boutros Ghali studied Arabic, Turkish, Persian, English and French. After graduation, Ghali became a teacher at the patriarchal school. Ghali's public career began in 1875 with this appointment to the post of clerk in the newly constituted"
"Boutros Boutros-Ghali (former UN Secretary General), Martti Ahtisaari (former President of Finland), I.K. Gujral (former Prime Minister of India) and Mário Soares (former President of Portugal). Stories written for GIN have been picked up by IPS, and have been featured as lead articles on the IPS home page (www.ipsnews.net) and been distributed across the world in United Nations journals, radio stations in Latin America, Africa and Asia, and hundreds of international publications. In addition to its role as news distributor, it produces a weekly Africa News Briefs bulletin and is a monthly host of African roundtable conferences that present human"
"1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1991 to replace Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, whose second term would end on 31 December 1991. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt was selected for a term ending on 31 December 1996, becoming the first Secretary-General from Africa. The 1991 selection took place at a time of expectations for a ""new world order,"" in which the United Nations would no longer be paralyzed by the superpower conflict of the Cold War. The expectations appeared to be fulfilled when the 1991 selection became the smoothest open selection in decades. No"
"a single symbolic veto from China, which turned around and voted for him in the second round. Boutros Boutros-Ghali had been selected Secretary-General in 1991 without the support of the United States, which abstained. After 15 U.S. peacekeepers died in a failed raid in Somalia in 1993, Boutros-Ghali became a political scapegoat in the United States. U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright criticized Boutros-Ghali for the failed raid, and U.S. president Bill Clinton announced that future U.S. peacekeepers ""will be under American command."" However, the dead peacekeepers had already been under U.S. command. Tensions grew worse as Boutros-Ghali pressed the United States"
"for Boutros-Ghali would cost Africa its second term in the Secretary-General rotation. The United States even offered to support Salim Ahmed Salim of Tanzania, who had been vetoed by the U.S. after winning the 1981 selection by one vote. A former U.N. official said that the Clinton administration appeared to be in a ""frenzy"" over Boutros-Ghali's resistance. On 17 November 1996, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright asked Boutros-Ghali to resign and offered to start a new foundation in Geneva for Boutros-Ghali to run. Other Western diplomats called the offer ""ludicrous,"" as Boutros-Ghali's family was wealthy and already supported several foundations in"
"the ballot, but all of the non-Africans were vetoed. The sixth straw poll on 21 November 1991 revealed a clear winner. Boutros-Ghali was selected by a vote of 11-0-4. Chidzero came in second with a vote of 7-2-6. France and Belgium convinced four of Chidzero's supporters to stop voting for him, stoked by fears that the United States was trying to delay the selection so that a compromise candidate could emerge, while Boutros-Ghali and Chidzero cancelled each other out. After the final straw poll, the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously to recommend Boutros Boutros-Ghali. The General Assembly appointed Boutros-Ghali"
"1967. She went on to major in Journalism and East Asian Studies as a Carnegie Foundation Fellow, earning a master's degree from Columbia in 1969. In 1996, Foa became the first woman to serve as the Spokesman for the United Nations Secretary General in the 51-year history of the organization. In a profile of Foa in the New York Times of August 5, 1996, correspondent Barbara Crossette wrote that ""When Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali put Ms. Foa, a strong-willed and irreverent former journalist, in charge of his public image and that of the world organization in January, some diplomats were"
"United States. After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only Secretary-General ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for"
"as High Commissioner in the organization's history, after Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan. Also in 2015, Guterres was appointed by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa to serve as a Member of the Council of State of Portugal; he resigned after being appointed UN's 9th Secretary-General). Guterres became United Nations Secretary-General on 1 January 2017, following his formal election by the UN General Assembly on 13 October 2016. On 29 February 2016, Guterres submitted his nomination as Portugal's candidate for the 2016 UN Secretary-General selection. This was the first time candidates for Secretary-General had to present their platform in public hearings in"
"status. Finally in 2005, the adoption of a new Charter of the Francophonie (""la Charte de la Francophonie"") gives the name to the Agency of international Organisation of the Francophonie (""Organisation internationale de la Francophonie""). The position of Secretary-General was created in 1997 at the seventh leaders' summit held in Hanoi. Canadian Jean-Louis Roy was secretary of the ""Agence de coopération culturelle et technique"" from 1989 until the formal creation of the ""Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie"" in 1997 with former Secretary-General of the United Nations Boutros Boutros-Ghali as the first secretary-general of ""La Francophonie"". Abdou Diouf, the former president"
"middle of the conversation, Chidzero abruptly switched to French to show that he was a serious candidate. Boutros-Ghali joked that he would be favoured by France because he could also ""speak English with a French accent."" Neither candidate was vetoed in the straw polls. In 1996, the French Ambassador said of the next Secretary-General, ""We hope he will come from Africa and very likely, he will speak French."" France initially vetoed every candidate from a non-French speaking country. However, it eventually allowed Kofi Annan, who spoke French but was born in English-speaking Ghana, to become Secretary-General. In 2006, Shashi Tharoor"
"of the United Nation’ Secretary General, Mr Boutros Boutros-Ghali to Fiji. In 1996, he received similar accolades for the State Visit of HRH Princess Sirindorh of Thailand and for his singular contribution towards the United Nations’ 50th Anniversary Celebrations in Suva. It was Sukhdeo who proposed and on his recommendation the Suva City Council approved that the adjoining park between Municipal Library and Old Town Hall be named “United Nations Park”. Sukhdeo is also credited for writing a management report on the feasibility of incorporating “Giant Waterslide” for the Suva Olympic Pool; giving support for the food kiosk project for"
"António Guterres António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres (; ; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously, he was the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees between 2005 and 2015. Guterres was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 and was the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party from 1992 to 2002. He served as President of the Socialist International from 1999 to 2005. In both a 2012 and 2014 poll, the Portuguese public ranked him as the best Prime Minister of the previous 30"
"the appointee's national origin and to gender equality, although no woman has yet served as Secretary-General. The length of the term is discretionary, but all Secretaries-General since 1971 have been appointed to five-year terms. Every Secretary-General since 1961 has been re-selected for a second term, with the exception of Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was vetoed by the United States in the 1996 selection. There is a term limit of two full terms, established when China cast a record 16 vetoes against Kurt Waldheim's third term in the 1981 selection. No Secretary-General since 1981 has attempted to secure a third term. The"
"organizations such as the UN and countries like the United States can and should do more to address this concern. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali has acknowledged that he should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support to stop the genocide in Rwanda. He also thinks Secretary-General Kofi Annan should have allowed peace keepers in. He has criticized the USA for not ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The USA is one of only two countries that failed to ratify this treaty, the other one is South Sudan. He has also criticized the USA for withholding"
"the African Group's support for an Asian Secretary-General in the 2006 selection. The Security Council passed Resolution 1358 by acclamation on 27 June 2001, recommending Annan for a second term. The General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001 in Resolution A/55/L.87. Annan's second term ran until 31 December 2006, setting the stage for the 2006 Secretary-General selection. 1996 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1996 at the end of Boutros Boutros-Ghali's first term. Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term and received the support of 14 of the 15 members of the"
"was the first of a series of assassinations that continued until 1915. It was also the first public assassination of a senior statesman in Egypt in more than a century. Ghali had ""many sons"", the most notable being: Boutros Ghali's brother Amin Ghali (1865–1933) was a public prosecutor; Amin's son Ibrahim Amin Ghali was a diplomat who worked to rehabilitate his uncle's reputation. Boutros Ghali Boutros Ghali (1846 – 21 February 1910; , ; styled Boutros Ghali Bey, later Pasha or Boutros Bey, later Pasha Ghali) was the prime minister of Egypt from 1908 to 1910. Boutros Ghali was born"
"with Richard Clarke, Michael Sheehan, and James Rubin to overthrow U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was running unopposed for a second term in the 1996 selection. After 15 U.S. peacekeepers died in a failed raid in Somalia in 1993, Boutros-Ghali became a political scapegoat in the United States. They dubbed the pact ""Operation Orient Express"" to reflect their hope that other nations would join the United States. Although every other member of the United Nations Security Council voted for Boutros-Ghali, the United States refused to yield to international pressure to drop its lone veto. After four deadlocked meetings of the"
"An Agenda for Peace An Agenda for Peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping, more commonly known simply as An Agenda for Peace, is a report written for the United Nations by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali in 1992. In it, Boutros-Ghali responds to a request by the UN Security Council for an ""analysis and recommendations"" to strengthen peacemaking and peace-keeping. The document outlines the way Boutros-Ghali felt the UN should respond to conflict in the post-Cold War world. Recognizing the limitations of peacekeeping, especially as such efforts were becoming prevalent in the early 1990s, the UN Security Council convened in 1992 in"
"aghast. They still are."" As UN Spokesman, Foa frequently clashed with the U.S. Administration which was refusing to pay its UN dues and seemed determined to oust Boutros-Ghali as a gesture to Senator Jesse Helms. Helms was rumored to have demanded Boutros-Ghali's removal as UN Secretary General in return for approving the appointment of UN Ambassador Madeleine Albright as US Secretary of State. In July 1996, James Rubin, Albright's spokesman at the U.S. Mission to the U.N., threatened to investigate and take action against any UN employee found to be campaigning for Boutros-Ghali's re-election. Foa pounced. She accused the Clinton"
"Yash Ghai Yash Pal Ghai (born 20 October 1938) is a Kenyan academic in constitutional law. As of 2007 he is the head of the Constitution Advisory Support Unit of the United Nations Development Programme in Nepal. Until 2008, he was a Special Representative of the UN Secretary General in Cambodia on human rights. In September 2008, he resigned his post, following bitter arguments with the Government of Cambodia. He has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 2005. His grandparents were Khukhrain who came from North India, and were part of the waves of migration sponsored by the"
"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1090 United Nations Security Council resolution 1090, adopted without a vote at a closed meeting on 13 December 1996, having considered the question of the recommendation for the appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Mr. Kofi Annan be appointed for a term of office from 1 January 1997, to 31 December 2001. Kofi Annan, a Ghanaian diplomat, was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations. The United States had vetoed another term for his predecessor, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, due to lack of reform. It was the"
"Abdelaziz Bouteflika Abdelaziz Bouteflika, GColIH (; ""‘Abd al-‘Azīz Būtaflīqa"" ; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1979. As President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. He is former president of the United Nations General Assembly in 1974. In November 2012, he surpassed Houari Boumédiène as the longest-serving head of state of Algeria. Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born on 2 March 1937 in"
"Madeleine Albright insisted that the Africans must come up with their own candidate to replace Boutros-Ghali. American diplomats again warned that Africa would lose its turn in the Secretary-Generalship rotation if they did not come up with another candidate. However, Botswana's representative said that ""We have a list composed of one person, Dr. Boutros-Ghali."" On 29 November 1996, the Security Council met again without taking a vote. The same day, the Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity wrote its members soliciting additional nominations. However, no nominations were forthcoming, as no African country wanted to undermine Boutros-Ghali by nominating another"
"Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali proposed that a multinational force to be set up for humanitarian purposes in eastern Zaire. Countries in the region were asked to create a safe and secure environment to facilitate the delivery of international humanitarian aid to the region, and to desist from actions that could escalate the situation. They were asked to co-operate with him and the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and consult with each other on his proposal on the authorisation of a multinational force. The Secretary-General was then asked to: Additionally, the Secretary-General was urgently required, in co-ordination with the OAU and the"
"took the PhD under the supervision of Boutros Boutros Ghali, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, in 1981. He was the first Egyptian, Arab and African to work at The US Institute of Peace (USIP) in 1994 until 1995. Since 2007 he is the Chair of the Political Science Department in The Faculty of Economics and Political Science at Cairo University, and Member of the Upper Chamber of The Egyptian legislative System since 2004. Dr. Saif has a reputable academic and political career. He chaired and taught in different Political Science departments in accredited Universities in the Arab world and"