What is the common family name of the sisters Ai-ling, Chang-ling and May-ling who had a significant influence on 20th century Chinese history?
"used them, and memorabilia are displayed. In the 1997 Hong Kong movie ""The Soong Sisters"", she is portrayed by Maggie Cheung. In the 2009 mainland China movie ""The Founding of a Republic"", she is portrayed by Xu Qing. Soong Ching-ling Soong Ching-ling (27 January 189329 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, one of the leaders of the 1911 revolution that established the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in"
"Soong Mei-ling Soong Mei-ling or Soong May-ling (; March 5, 1898 – October 23, 2003), also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek or Madame Chiang, was a Chinese political figure who was First Lady of the Republic of China, the wife of Generalissimo and President Chiang Kai-shek. Soong played a prominent role in the politics of the Republic of China and was the sister-in-law of Sun Yat-sen, the founder and the leader of the Republic of China. She was active in the civic life of her country and held many honorary and active positions, including chairman of Fu Jen Catholic University."
"be a year old at birth. She was the fourth of six children of Charlie Soong, a wealthy businessman and former Methodist missionary from Hainan, and his wife Ni Kwei-tseng (). Mei-ling's siblings were sister Ai-ling, sister Ching-ling, who later became Madame Sun Yat-sen, older brother Tse-ven and younger brothers Tse-liang (T.L.) and Tse-an (T.A.) In Shanghai, May-ling attended the McTyeire School for Girls with her sister, Ching-ling. Their father, who had studied in the United States, arranged to have them continue their education in the US in 1907. May-ling and Ching-ling attended a private school in Summit, New Jersey."
"Soong sisters The Soong sisters () were three Shanghainese (of Hainanese descent) Chinese women who were, along with their husbands, amongst China's most significant political figures of the early 20th century. They each played a major role in influencing their husbands, who, along with their own positions of power, ultimately changed the course of Chinese history. Their father was American-educated Methodist minister Charlie Soong, who made a fortune in banking and printing. Their mother was Ni Kwei-tseng (倪桂珍 ""Ní Guìzhēn""), whose mother, Lady Xu, was a descendant of Ming dynasty mathematician and Jesuit convert Xu Guangqi. All three sisters attended"
"Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia, United States. Mei-ling, however, left Wesleyan and eventually graduated from Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Their three brothers were all high-ranking officials in the Republic of China government, one of whom was T. V. Soong. Throughout their lifetimes, each one of the sisters followed her own beliefs in terms of supporting the Kuomintang (KMT; Nationalists) or the Communists. In the 1930s, Soong Ai-ling and Mei-ling were the two richest women in China; both of them supported the Nationalists. In 1937, when the Second Sino-Japanese war broke out, all three of them got together after a 10-year"
"Eileen Chang Eileen Chang (; September 30, 1920 – September 8, 1995), also known as Zhang Ailing or Chang Ai-ling, was one of the most influential modern Chinese writers. Chang is noted for her fiction writings that deal with the tensions between men and women in love, and are considered by some scholars to be among the best Chinese literature of the period. Chang's portrayal of life in 1940s Shanghai and Japanese-occupied Hong Kong is remarkable in its focus on everyday life and the absence of the political subtext which characterised many other writers of the period. The poet and"
"Soong Ching-ling Soong Ching-ling (27 January 189329 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, one of the leaders of the 1911 revolution that established the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in China's politics prior to 1949. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, she held several prominent positions in the new government, including Vice President of China (1949–1954; 1959–1975) and Vice Chairman of the Standing"
"apartment on October 23, 2003, at the age of 105. Her remains were interred at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, pending an eventual burial with her late husband who was entombed in Cihu, Taiwan. The stated intention is to have them both buried in mainland China once political differences are resolved. Upon her death, The White House released a statement: The New York Times obituary wrote: Soong Mei-ling Soong Mei-ling or Soong May-ling (; March 5, 1898 – October 23, 2003), also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek or Madame Chiang, was a Chinese political figure who was First Lady"
"Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady Madame Chiang Kai-shek: China's Eternal First Lady is a book written by Laura Tyson Li, a correspondent at Financial Times, also a reporter a South China Morning Post, a biography of Soong Mei-ling, wife of modern China wartime leader Chiang Kai-shek. Laura Tyson Li called Soong Mei-ling ""one of the most controversial and fascinating woman of the 20th century"", who was, beside the wife of China's wartime leader Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, also his ""chief adviser, interpreter, and propagandist"". Engaged in a lifelong crusade against the spread of communism in China, with her own"
"in 1950. Her eight children were: In 2003, Fang was awarded the Bronze Bauhinia Star for her accomplishments in Chinese ink painting and calligraphy. Fang Zhaoling Fang Zhaoling (, 17 January 1914 – 20 February 2006) was a Chinese painter and calligrapher. She was the mother of Hong Kong politician Anson Chan. Born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, she lost her father when she was very young. With the support of her mother Fang began studying calligraphy and painting. In her teens, the young artist was sent to the United Kingdom to pursue her studies. She studied under great artists like Chao"
"separation in an effort to unite the KMT and CPC against the Imperial Japanese army. Soong Ai-ling devoted herself to social work such as helping wounded soldiers, refugees and orphans. She donated five ambulances and 37 trucks to the army in Shanghai and the air force, along with 500 leather uniforms. When the Japanese occupied Nanjing and Wuhan, the three sisters moved to Hong Kong. In 1940, they returned to Chongqing and established the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives, which opened job opportunities for people through weaving, sewing and other crafts. The sisters frequently visited schools, hospitals, orphanages, air raid shelters and"
"Dai Ailian Dai Ailian (; May 10, 1916 – February 9, 2006) was a Chinese dancer and an important figure in the modern history of dance in China. She was born in 1916 into an overseas Chinese family living in Trinidad. Her years as a dance teacher and educator helped China build a generation of dancers, choreographers, and educators. She is known in China as the ""Mother of Chinese Modern Dance"". Dai Ailian was born in Trinidad to a 3rd generation Chinese family, whose origins were in Xinhui, Guangdong Province. Influenced by her mother, who loved music, even when she"
"Lu Xiaoman Lu Xiaoman (; 7 November 1903 – 3 April 1965) was a beloved cultural figure in 20th century Chinese history. She was given the name of Mei (眉, eyebrow, a metaphor for feminine beauty in Chinese), but later changed her name to Xiaoman. Although she was well known for her very passionate and public relationship with Xu Zhimo, she was a celebrated painter, writer, singer, and actor. She studied under painters such as Liu Haisu, Chen Banding (陈半丁), and He Tianjian. As an artist, she specialized in flowers, birds, and light ink landscapes (""danmo shanshui"") on long Chinese"
"to grant bachelor's degrees to female students in China. The school was closed from 1951 to 1987, when it was reestablished on its previous site. American architect and art historian Talbot Hamlin designed some of the buildings that were constructed in the 1919 to 1925 period. Wu Yi-Fang, who was one of Ginling's first five graduates and earned a doctorate degree from the University of Michigan in 1928, became the first female college president in China, heading Jinling College from 1928-51 until it merged with the University of Nanking in 1951. Wu, who became a powerful figure in the People's"
"such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai were also avid Soviet-style ballroom dancers. Previously it would not have been permissible for men and women from respectable families to dance together. A notable dancer of the twentieth century is Dai Ailian who collected folk dances and created new works based on these folk dances of the Han people as well as other ethnic minorities for public presentation. Her works include ""Lotus Dance"" which is based on a Shaanxi folk dance, ""Flying Apsaras"" based on the murals in the Mogao caves, ""The Drum of Yao People"", ""The Mute Carries the Cripple"", ""Tibetan"
"1931, Xu died in a plane crash. Lu Xiaoman Lu Xiaoman (; 7 November 1903 – 3 April 1965) was a beloved cultural figure in 20th century Chinese history. She was given the name of Mei (眉, eyebrow, a metaphor for feminine beauty in Chinese), but later changed her name to Xiaoman. Although she was well known for her very passionate and public relationship with Xu Zhimo, she was a celebrated painter, writer, singer, and actor. She studied under painters such as Liu Haisu, Chen Banding (陈半丁), and He Tianjian. As an artist, she specialized in flowers, birds, and light"
"at Columbia and Yale before joining the University of Toronto faculty in 1978. Her younger brother is Frank Ching, (), a journalist for ""The New York Times,"" ""The Wall Street Journal,"" and the ""South China Morning Post"". Ching rose to prominence as a world expert on the neo-Confucianism and religion of the Song and Ming dynasties of 10th- through 17th-century China. She wrote or edited 15 books including her definitive studies of the leading Ming Confucian, Wang Yangming, and the leading Song Confucian, Zhu Xi. In 2000, she was named a member of the Order of Canada. For her scholarly"
"The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-shek and the Birth of Modern China is a 2009 biography of Soong Mei-ling, wife of Kuomintang leader and President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek written by Hannah Pakula. The book was widely reviewed as extensively researched and strongly put argument that Madame Chiang and her husband have not been given the credit they deserve in shaping the modern Chinese nation. It has been translated into Chinese in two editions, one in Taiwan and one in Beijing, both by the same"
"literature at Ohio University. She is the niece of Lin Huiyin, who is an American-educated artist and poet, and said to be the first female architect in modern China. Lin Juemin and Lin Yin Ming, both of whom are among the 72 martyrs of the Second Guangzhou uprising, were cousins of her grandfather. Lin Chang-min, a Hanlin of Qing dynasty and the emperor's teacher, was the father of Lin Hui-yin and great-grandfather of Maya Lin. Lin has an older brother, the poet Tan Lin. Growing up, she did not have many friends and stayed home a lot. She loved school"
"was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution. In the early 1980s, Bai Ling's parents divorced, and later remarried. Her mother remarried to the writer Xu Chi (), renowned for his report titled ""Goldbach's Conjecture"", about Chinese mathematician Chen Jingrun. Bai Ling has one older sister Bai Jie (), who works for the Chinese tax bureau, and a younger brother Bai Chen (), who emigrated to Japan and works for an American company. Bai has described herself as a very shy child who found that she best expressed herself through acting and performing. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), she learned how to"
"demanding an immediate halt on everything related to the show, including merchandise. Though the case was not accepted, his opinion was echoed by Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference member Wei Minglun (魏明伦), who in 2002 proposed measures to prevent ""rogue"" characters like Xiaoyanzi from being idolized by the younger generation. Also under attack was the drama's completely inaccurate portrayal of the Qing dynasty history. In 2000, Qianlong Emperor's 7th-generation descendant Yu Ziwei (毓紫薇) published a letter to Chiung Yao criticizing the story as irresponsible to the Aisin Gioro clan, also claiming that the drama significantly disturbed her life because of"
"son T. V. Soong (Soong Tse Ven) a year later. Their last daughter, Soong Mei-ling came in 1897 and was followed by the brothers T.L. Soong (Soong Tse Liang, 宋子良 ""Sòng Zǐliáng"") and T.A. Soong (Soong Tse An, 宋子安 ""Sòng Zǐ'ān""). Charlie intended all of his children to be educated in the United States. Ai-Ling, at the early age of thirteen, was the first to go, becoming a special student at Wesleyan College in Georgia. All three sisters attended Wesleyan, with Ching-Ling and May-Ling moving to Georgia in 1907. Ai-Ling graduated in 1909, and moved back to China. Charlie installed"
"Fang Zhaoling Fang Zhaoling (, 17 January 1914 – 20 February 2006) was a Chinese painter and calligrapher. She was the mother of Hong Kong politician Anson Chan. Born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, she lost her father when she was very young. With the support of her mother Fang began studying calligraphy and painting. In her teens, the young artist was sent to the United Kingdom to pursue her studies. She studied under great artists like Chao Shao-an and Chang Dai-chien and attended both the University of Hong Kong and Oxford University. Fang continued to work throughout her 80s, and in"
"late 1990s Ai switched her focus to painting, and had her first professional exhibition in 2008. She has also acted in three films: ""Five Girls and a Rope"" (五个女子和一根绳子; 1991), ""Beijing Bastards"" (北京杂种; 1993), and ""From the Queen to the Chief Executive"" (等候董建华发落; 2000). Ai Jing Ai Jing (; born 10 September 1969 in Shenyang, Liaoning) is a mainland Chinese singer and painter. China's ""Northeast News"" called her ""China's most talented female folk rock singer."" Ai was born into a musical family: her father played several instruments, and her mother was a ""Pingju"" singer. She attended the Shenyang Special School"
"Wu Chaoxu, Xu Chongqing, Zou Lu, Chen Bijun, Li Shizeng, Wu Zhihui, Sun Ke, Deng Zeru, Gu Yingfun, Lin Yunhai, Hu Qingrui, Chen Lianbo, Chen Yaozhu, Chen Rong, Guo Biao, Dai Chuanxian, Li Dazhao, Zhang Ji, Huo Zhiting, Zeng Xing, Tan Yankai, He Xiangning, Chen Gongbo, Zeng Zhongming, Ma Honghuan, Liu Jiwen, Chu Minyi. October 1, 1921, Mr. Sun Yat-sen and his wife Soong Ching-ling gave the following speech at the founding ceremony of the Zhixin Private School. ""As a revolutionary pioneer and writer, Mr. Zhu Zhixin made a great contribution to the Republic of China by influencing his comrades"
"moved to Washington, D.C. in 1988. She wrote her first novel ""War Tide"" (1943) at the age of 17. Her sister Adet Lin was also a writer. The two sisters translated ""Girl Rebel"", the autobiography of Xie Bingying. Tai-yi Lin Tai-yi Lin (; April 1, 1926 – July 2003) was a Chinese-American writer and translator. She was also known as Anor Lin or Lin Wu-Shuang. The daughter of Lin Yutang, she was born in Beijing and came to the United States with her family when she was ten. Lin was educated at Columbia University. She taught Chinese at Yale. She"
"for a school for young women in Kaifeng. Sister Marie Gratia Luking led this group of sisters to Kaifeng to open an elementary school and a junior middle school for girls. Luking and her companions arrived in Kaifeng on November 24, 1920. Soon after arriving, the sisters opened a medical dispensary and the Hua Mei School for Girls. The sisters ministered here until 1927 when the Communist army of Mao Zedong reached Kaifeng. The sisters were forced to leave, taking refuge with the Maryknoll Sisters in Korea. In 1929 they returned to Kaifeng and opened an orphanage as well as"
"(1820–1850); Xianfeng (1850–1861); Tongzhi (1861–1875); and Guangxu (1875–1908). The University of Southern California China historian Charlotte Furth wrote that Western readers think of Chinese women simply as victims and focus on such problems as footbinding and arranged marriages, but that Lisa See's historical novels ""follow the best feminist scholarship on women in the Ming-Qing period by tackling these stereotypes."" In ""Snowflower and the Secret Fan"" and in ""Peony in Love"", See ""asks readers to imagine how a few such women might have found voices of their own within, rather than in opposition to, the Confucian social order, and how they"
"the late Qing dynasty. Their father, Charlie Soong, demonstrates the wealth and prestige of his family by running one of the most successful printing businesses. The sisters later travel abroad to attend Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia, United States. Of the three sisters, the eldest, Soong Ai-ling, is the first to get married in 1914. Her husband is K'ung Hsiang-hsi, a wealthy banker and descendant of Confucius. Sun Yat-sen is a fugitive of the weakening Qing government and he lives in exile in Japan. He weds Soong Ching-ling, despite stern opposition from Charlie Soong. After the Qing dynasty is overthrown"
"highly unusual in their generation; and for his unvarying support of the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1905, Yü Keng died in Shanghai. Yü Keng's story is told in the movie "" Dai noi kwan ying"". According to Der Ling's biographer, Der Ling's mother had an American father and a Chinese mother. However, in the book, whatever her background, she is repeatedly referred to by other people as a Manchu. Yü Keng's daughters Der Ling and Rong Ling (1889–1973, the future Madame Dan Paochao of Beijing) received a western education, learning French and English, and studying dance in Paris with Isadora"
"yen she); and ""People in the Twentieth Century"" (Jen tsai erh shih shih chi). Her most recent novel in Chinese, ""Far Away, a River"" (Qian shan wai, shui chang liu), depicts one of the themes that are often reflected in her novels: the search for identity and roots. Her memoir, ""Images of Three Lives"", a picture-essay book, chronicles her experiences in China, Taiwan and the United States. Hualing Nieh Engle Hualing Nieh Engle (born 11 January 1925), née Nieh Hua-ling (), is a Chinese novelist, fiction writer, and poet. She is a professor emerita at the University of Iowa. Nieh"
"shares the same pronunciation ""Yau"" as the former. Carrie Yau Tsang Ka-lai (尤曾嘉麗), former Permanent Secretary for Home Affairs of Hong Kong, is Yau Lit's great granddaughter-in-law. Yau Lit Yau Lit (尢列) (1864 – 12 December 1936), (pinyin: Yóu Liè; Wade–Giles: Yu Lieh) born Yau Kwai-bok (尢季博), courtesy name Tui-hau (推孝) or Ling-kwai (令季), was a Chinese revolutionary from Shuntak, Kwangtung. He is one of the Four Bandits, together with Sun Yat-sen, Chan siu-bak and Yeung Hok-ling. Yau was born to a family of scholars. He entered a private school at the age of 5, and was educated under Luk"
"other wives or concubines because he is said to have loved her sincerely. Empress Zhang was described as a ""foolish and demanding woman, capable of no more than petty faults"", but those included a constant desire for expensive objects, credulity about the teachings of the most specious Buddhist and Taoïst clerics, and limitless favour for her family, especially her two unrestaindly venel brothers. This pair, Zhang Heling (張鶴齡) and Zhang Yanling (張延齡), with the support of their sister the Empress and her mother, Lady Gin, made careers of misusing their high position. In 1505, the Hongzhi Emperor died and her"