What do the columns on the coat-of-arms of Spain (seen on the national flag) represent?
"Trastámara such as Saint John's Eagle and the yoke and bundle, as follows: Quarterly, 1 and 4. quarterly Castile and León, 2 and 3. per pale Aragon and Navarra, ""enté en point"" of Granada. The arms are crowned with an open royal crown, placed on an eagle displayed sable, surrounded with the pillars of Hercules, the yoke and the bundle of arrows of the Catholic Monarchs. Coat of arms of Spain The coat of arms of Spain represents Spain and the Spanish nation. It appears on the flag of Spain and it is used by the Government of Spain, the"
"Flag of Spain The flag of Spain (), as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe. Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic term of ""gualda"", and hence the popular name ""rojigualda"" (red-weld). The origin of the current flag of Spain is the naval ensign of 1785, ""Pabellón de la Marina de Guerra"" under Charles III of Spain. It was chosen by Charles III himself among 12 different flags designed by Antonio Valdés y Bazán"
"The state’s coat of arms is based on the coat of arms that was granted to the city in 1535. Its different elements have the following meanings: the red background represents courage; the castle symbolizes defensive power; the eagle with its open wings represents the spirit of vigilance; the border symbolizes protection and compensation; the green palms stand for victory, and the crowns are the symbol of royal authority. The letter """" refers to Joanna of Castile, the mother of Charles I of Spain; the letter ""K"" (for ""Karl"") represents the name of the king himself; and the letter ""F"""
"Coat of arms of the King of Spain The coat of arms of the King of Spain is the heraldic symbol representing the monarch of Spain. The current version of the monarch's coat of arms was adopted in 2014 but is of much older origin. The arms marshal the arms of the former monarchs of Castille, León, Aragon, and Navarre. Traditionally, coats of arms did not belong to a nation but to the monarch who would quarter his shield with territorial claims of his dynasty. Formerly, the Spanish monarch's arms were much more complex than they are today. It would"
"of the Judiciary have their own arms. The blazon of the Spanish coat of arms is composed as follows: The contemporary Spanish coat of arms, featured in the national flag of Spain, was approved by law in 1981, in replacement of the interim coat of arms that replaced the official arms of Spain under Franco (1939–75). The Spanish coat of arms is composed of six other arms and some additional heraldic symbols: The present version is regulated by: The official design of the coat of arms of Spain is like a logotype set in linear style: drawing, proportions of elements"
"of Burgundy, yoke and arrows. King Juan Carlos's arms include a red lion instead of the purple one displayed on the current version Coat of arms of the King of Spain The coat of arms of the King of Spain is the heraldic symbol representing the monarch of Spain. The current version of the monarch's coat of arms was adopted in 2014 but is of much older origin. The arms marshal the arms of the former monarchs of Castille, León, Aragon, and Navarre. Traditionally, coats of arms did not belong to a nation but to the monarch who would quarter"
"flags Historical flags Military Flags of political movements Senyera The Senyera (; meaning ""pennon"", ""standard"", ""banner"", ""ensign"", or, more generically, ""flag"" in Catalan) is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a yellow field. This coat of arms, often called ""bars of Aragon"", or simply """"the four bars"""", historically represented the King of the Crown of Aragon. The senyera pattern is nowadays in the flag of four Spanish autonomous communities (Catalonia, Aragon, the Balearic Islands, Valencia), and is the flag of the historically Catalan-speaking city of"
"eagle's head. Not many flags with this coat of arms were made. Finally, and after the restoration of the House of Bourbon to the Spanish Throne in the person of King Juan Carlos I, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 was published, article 42 section 12 of which reads ""The Flag of Spain is formed by three horizontal stripes, red, yellow and red, the yellow being double the width of each of the red ones."" The national flag of Spain finally received its present-day coat of arms on 19 December 1981. Flag of Spain The flag of Spain (), as it"
"coat of arms, representing much of the land he inherited, is blazoned as follows: The first and fourth quarters represents holdings derived from the Spanish crowns: that is, the quartered arms of Castile and Leon themselves quartered with the quartered arms of Aragon and Sicily. After 1520 the Aragon/Sicily quartering also incorporated the arms of Jerusalem, Naples, and Navarre. The second and third quarters represents holdings derived from Charles's Austrian and Burgundian inheritance: these quarters shows further quartering of Austria, Duchy of Burgundy, County of Burgundy, and the Duchy of Brabant, with the escutcheon in the middle showing Flanders on"
"Spain has a national coat of arms. Many cities also have civic coats of arms; some are recent grants, others date back to the medieval period. Toledo, in previous periods the most important city of Spain, has a particularly elaborate coat of arms; it uses the double-headed eagle of the Holy Roman Empire as supporter on its coat of arms; this represents its former importance and power. Madrid, the capital, has a less elaborate coat of arms, depicting a bear taking fruit from a tree. Coats of arms are regularly depicted on various buildings and objects belonging to national or"
"Senyera The Senyera (; meaning ""pennon"", ""standard"", ""banner"", ""ensign"", or, more generically, ""flag"" in Catalan) is a vexillological symbol based on the coat of arms of the Crown of Aragon, which consists of four red stripes on a yellow field. This coat of arms, often called ""bars of Aragon"", or simply """"the four bars"""", historically represented the King of the Crown of Aragon. The senyera pattern is nowadays in the flag of four Spanish autonomous communities (Catalonia, Aragon, the Balearic Islands, Valencia), and is the flag of the historically Catalan-speaking city of Alghero (Catalan: ""L'Alguer"") in Sardinia. It is also"
"the city. The five points of the stars refer to the five provinces which abut the Community. The royal crown symbolizes Madrid as the royal seat. Coat of arms of the Community of Madrid The Coat of arms of the Community of Madrid was adopted in 1983. The field is crimson red with two yellow or golden castles with seven five-pointed white or silver stars on top, arranged four and three. The crest is the Spanish Royal Crown. The red field symbolizes historic Castile, of which Madrid had long been part, and the two castles represent the two Castilian communities"
"Medalla del Ejército The Army Medal () is the maximum military award of Spain in peacetime for the army branch. The regulation for the issue of this medal is modified by the Royal Decree 1040/2003, 1 August (BOD. Núm. 177). Is made of oxidized iron, oval, on its vertical axis and on its horizontal axis. On the obverse, surrounded by a silver edge, is a rising sun behind the sea and a matron stands, representing Spain, offering, with the right hand, a laurel wreath and holding a sword with the left. At the top of the oval are the words:"
"for the loyalty of Tabasco, and the protection of Spain. Seal of Tabasco The coat of arms of the Mexican state of Tabasco, has four sections. The top left has four golden castle towers, for the Spanish Kingdom of Castile. The bottom left a native with a bunch of flowers for the fertility of the farming land. The top right has a golden lion for the Spanish kingdom of León. The bottom right has an arm holding a shield and sword, for the military power of Spain. In the middle is an oval with the Virgin Mary, for the Catholic"
"Coat of arms of Galicia (Spain) The coat of arms of Galicia is described in the Spanish Law 5 of May 29, 1984, the ""Law of the symbols of Galicia."" The coat of arms of Galicia includes, enclosed in a field of azure, a chalice of gold with a silver host, accompanied by seven silver crosses, three on each side and one in the center of the shield (representative of the seven historic provinces of Galicia). The royal crown in gules, i.e. red, enclosed in a golden ring set with precious stones, made up of eight acanthus leaf fleurons, out"
"Coat of arms of Basque Country (autonomous community) The current Basque coat of arms (Spanish: ""Escudo del País Vasco"", Basque: ""Euskal autonomi erkidegoaren armarria"") is the official coat of arms of the Basque Country, Autonomous community of Spain. It consists of a ""party per cross"" representing the three historical territories of Álava, Gipuzkoa and Biscay, as well as a fourth, void quarter. The arms are ringed by a regal wreath of oak leaves, symbolic of the Gernikako Arbola. The fourth quarter constituted since the late 19th century the linked chains of Navarre; however, following a legal suit by the Navarre"
"to the Flag's white), representing liberty, equality, and fraternity, which were ideals of the Revolution. The stars at the corners of the triangle represent the three major island groups of Luzón, Visayas and Mindanao. At the center of the coat-of-arms is a Sea-lion, which is derived from the coat-of-arms of the City of Manila granted by Philip II of Spain in 1596. It has the upper half of a lion, and the lower half and curled tail of a fish. The Sea-lion as a heraldic device ultimately comes from the lion on the coat-of-arms of Castile and León; since the"
"of Spain charged with the royal crown in blue in the center of the yellow stripe. This flag was first established in 1875 by Royal Decree (decreto real), which provided that the central stripe would display the royal crown (corona real); this flag apparently continued to be used following the creation of the Spanish Republic in 1931, but the royal crown was changed to a blue ""mural"" crown or a blue coronet; the current version—depicting the royal crown in blue—was introduced following the restoration of the monarchy. The Spanish naval jack is only hoisted at the prow of all Navy"
"Coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic The Coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic was the emblem of the Second Spanish Republic, the democratic government that existed in Spain between April 14, 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country, and April 1, 1939, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered to Francoist forces at the end of the Spanish Civil War. The National flag of the Second Spanish Republic would have the coat of arms in the middle of the central yellow band. There was no coat of arms in the Spanish Republican Civil Ensign."
"Coat of arms of the Community of Madrid The Coat of arms of the Community of Madrid was adopted in 1983. The field is crimson red with two yellow or golden castles with seven five-pointed white or silver stars on top, arranged four and three. The crest is the Spanish Royal Crown. The red field symbolizes historic Castile, of which Madrid had long been part, and the two castles represent the two Castilian communities and Madrid as their union. The seven stars come from the coat of arms of the capital representing the constellation Ursa Minor, which is visible from"
"the coat of arms of the 1868–1871 Provisional Government without changes. The mural crown topped coat of arms was one of the main official symbols of Spain until the 1874 coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez-Campos initiated the Bourbon Restoration, putting an end to the period known as Democratic Sexennium ""(Sexenio Democrático)"". The Spanish Republic reestablished in 1931 revived the coat of arms of the short-lived First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) which had originated in turn in the revision of Spanish symbols that followed the Revolution of 1868. The only exception was that the lion of the second quarter was depicted"
"Medalla Aérea The Air Force Medal () is the maximum military award of Spain in peacetime for the air force branch. The regulation for the issue of this medal is modified by the Royal Decree 1040/2003, 1 August (BOD. Núm. 177). Is made of oxidized iron, oval, on its vertical axis and on its horizontal axis. On the obverse, surrounded by a silver edge, is a rising sun behind the sea and a matron stands, representing Spain, offering, with the right hand, a laurel wreath and holding a sword with the left. At the top of the oval are the"
"the symbols of the country and that this law was established to render honor and respect to the symbols. Consisting of three articles, this chapter contains brief descriptions of each national symbol. Article two describes the coat of arms, article 3 describes the flag and explains that the national anthem will be established according to other laws. Each article states that a copy of each symbol will be kept at the General National Archive (""Archivo General de la Nación"") and the National History Museum (Museo Nacional de Historia). Consisting of two articles, this chapter describes how the coat of arms"
"uncrowned. The coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic was flanked by the two Pillars of Hercules bearing scrolls with the motto ""Plus Ultra"" (Latin for ""further beyond""). The colour of the scrolls is usually white or pale golden, but there is a high proportion of official representations displaying the red colour. Coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic The Coat of arms of the Second Spanish Republic was the emblem of the Second Spanish Republic, the democratic government that existed in Spain between April 14, 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country, and April 1, 1939,"
"the exception of the Second Republic period (1931–1939); the only changes centered on the coat of arms. The present laws and regulations on the Spanish flag are: The colours of the flag, as officially defined by the Spanish Royal Decree 441/1981 of 27 February, are: The nearest Pantone shades are 7628 C (red) and 7406 C (yellow). The basic design of the current flag of Spain with the coat of arms is specified by rule 3 of the Royal Decree 1511/1977, that states the following: The flag can only be flown horizontally from public buildings, private homes, businesses, ships, town"
"National symbols of Catalonia The national symbols of Catalonia are flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Catalonia or Catalan culture. The oldest Catalan symbol is the coat of arms of Catalonia, based on the royal arms of the Crown of Aragon, though a number of theories trace its origin to even older times. It is one of the oldest coats of arms in Europe. A legend, considered non-historical, says that the four red bars (""Quatre Pals"" or ""Quatre Barres"") are the result of Charles the Bald, known also as Charles II, king of"
"evitallos"" (To foresee dangers and avoid them). The achievements of arms of the three bodies are represented with round bottom shields. A heraldic emblem was granted to the Border and Immigration Police (SEF) in 1989. This is a shield ""azur"" with an armillary sphere ""or"", helm ""argent"", rose and mantling ""azur"" and ""or"", the crest a flying swallow in its proper, a scroll with the motto ""Sub lege, libertas"" (Under the law, freedom). The Economic and Food Security Authority (ASAE) also wished to have a heraldic insignia. This criminal police body adopted a coat of arms in 2012. However, this"
"wings much more open. By the express directive of the Franco government, the design of the shield for the national emblem represented a departure from the traditional one that had been used in its various forms since 1868. After this change, the escutcheon of Spain was attached to the State and not the Monarchy. Without affecting the basic design, the shield was divided into four with the coats of arms of Castille, León, Aragon and Navarre, plus the «enté en point» of Granada. The inclusion of other historical heraldic elements gave a clear symbolic significance: ""The set of arrows and"
"of the coat of arms on 7 October 1969. The unit device is a gold-colored metal and enamel device 1 1/32 inches (2.62 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Per fess dovetailed Or and Gules, in base four fleurs-de-lis, three and one, of the first. The shield is divided per fess dovetailed Or and Gules (yellow and red), denoting that the organization has served as Artillery as well as Cavalry. Red and yellow, being the Spanish colors, also indicate Spanish–American War service within the continental limits of the United States. The fleurs-de-lis on the red portion symbolize"
"have the Spanish Republican coat of arms at the centre (quarterly of Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre, enté en point for Granada, ensigned by a mural crown, between the two Pillars of Hercules). This coat of arms originated in 1868 and had been used then by the Provisional Government and later by the First Spanish Republic. The civil ensign or merchant flag would be a simple tricolour without the coat of arms. The term ""la tricolor"" to refer to the flag is reminiscent of the French tricolor which, since the French Revolution of the late 18th Century, has made a"
"Seal of Tabasco The coat of arms of the Mexican state of Tabasco, has four sections. The top left has four golden castle towers, for the Spanish Kingdom of Castile. The bottom left a native with a bunch of flowers for the fertility of the farming land. The top right has a golden lion for the Spanish kingdom of León. The bottom right has an arm holding a shield and sword, for the military power of Spain. In the middle is an oval with the Virgin Mary, for the Catholic Church in the state. The silver and red backgrounds are"
"and List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown). The lion, as representing the Burgundian Netherlands, first appears as a crest on the tomb of Philip the Handsome. Later Charles V added the sword. The arrows were used, on coins etc., since the early 16th century to represent the Seventeen Provinces in the low countries under control of Charles V. In 1578, during the Eighty Years' War, the States General ordered a new great seal representing the lion, the sword and the 17 arrows combined. Although only seven provinces remained free from Spain, this seal stayed in use until"
"Coat of arms of Catalonia The Coat of arms of Catalonia is based on four red pallets on gold background which have been used since the Middle Ages on several coats of arms. Its origin is strongly related to that of the arms of the Crown of Aragon. It is considered by heraldists and by the government of Catalonia to be originally the familiar arms of the Counts of Barcelona, and it was adopted by the descendants of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona as Kings of Aragon. Several authors strongly dispute the origin of coat and consider the arms"