What is the name of the flat hat worn by academics
"to Thomas McAuley, mentioning Jefferson's own membership of the F.H.C. The initials of the F.H.C. Society stand for a secret Latin phrase, likely ""Fraternitas, Humanitas, et Cognitio"" or ""Fraternitas Humanitas Cognitioque"" (two renderings of ""brotherhood, humanity, and knowledge""). The ""brothers"" of the original F.H.C. devised and employed a secret handshake, wore a silver membership medal, issued certificates of membership, and met regularly for discussion and fellowship, especially at the Raleigh Tavern. The group became publicly known by the backronym ""Flat Hat Club"" in probable allusion to the mortarboard caps then commonly worn by all students at the College (now worn"
"for men after it became a replacement for the fez, which was banned by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1925. One of the flat hats worn in academia is known as a bonnet or Tudor bonnet and derives directly from medieval headgear of the period of the original 1571 Bill. It remains ceremonial wear by members of the academic community in many countries, usually as the headgear of doctoral graduates (PhDs). Commonly, it has a soft, round crown and a stiff, flat brim. The bonnet is often made of black velvet and trimmed, between crown and brim, with gold cord and"
"Doctoral hat A doctoral hat (, ) is a major part of Nordic academic dress of Ph.D. recipients in Finland and Sweden and differs from the square academic cap found in other parts of the world. It is a silken top hat with a straight brim, although the hats of Finnish Doctors of Science (Technology) have an up-turned brim. Generally the colour of the hat is black, although a few faculties use coloured doctoral hats. On the front, the hat has a gold-coloured metallic emblem of the granting university or faculty. The hat is awarded in a solemn graduation ceremony."
"universities followed suit. The academic cap or square, commonly known as the mortarboard, has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top centre of the board. The mortarboard may also be referred to as a trencher cap (or simply trencher). The tassel is composed of a cluster of silk threads which are wrapped together with a cord which is attached to the button affixed to the centre of the headpiece. The loose strands are"
"jacket button or pinned which causes the hood to sit poorly and be more likely to slip down the shoulders like a shawl. The academic cap or square, commonly known as the mortarboard, has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top center of the board. Properly worn, the cap is parallel to the ground, though some people, especially women, wear it angled back. The mortarboard may also be referred to as a trencher"
"part of the doctoral academic regalia. The hat is usually stored in a specially made storage box The award of such a hat was a prominent part of Ingmar Bergman's 1957 film ""Wild Strawberries"". Doctoral hat A doctoral hat (, ) is a major part of Nordic academic dress of Ph.D. recipients in Finland and Sweden and differs from the square academic cap found in other parts of the world. It is a silken top hat with a straight brim, although the hats of Finnish Doctors of Science (Technology) have an up-turned brim. Generally the colour of the hat is"
"Flat cap A flat cap is a rounded cap with a small stiff brim in front. The hat is also known in Scotland as a bunnet in the Scots language, in Wales as a Dai cap, in New Zealand as a cheese-cutter, and in the United States as a driving cap. Cloths used to make the cap include wool, tweed (most common), and cotton. Less common materials may include leather, linen, or corduroy. The inside of the cap is commonly lined for comfort and warmth. The style can be traced back to the 14th century in Northern England, when it"
"tassels. Some universities opt to trim their bonnets with coloured cord and tassels. Some stylistic varieties of this bonnet include: The academic cap, however, is more widely used in academia. In British popular culture, the flat cap is typically associated with older working-class men, especially those in Northern England, and the West Country, as personified by Fred Dibnah (Lancashire) and comic strip anti-hero Andy Capp (Teesside). The flat cap's strong connection with the working class and the East End of London is illustrated by Jim Branning of the television soap opera ""EastEnders"" and Del-Boy Trotter of ""Only Fools and Horses""."
"The basic colour of the hat is black. However, in Finland, other colors are found, as follows: Swedish doctoral hats are always black. Doctoral hats are handmade, with the owner's head measured using a device called a conformateur. The hat rests on the top of the head. The typical price for the doctoral hat is around 500 euros. A doctoral hat is always worn in lieu of a top hat with the white-tie style of formal dress. In practice, the hat is mostly worn on academic occasions, such as opening ceremonies, commencement, and disputations. In the disputations, the supervising professor"
"1849 by the London hat-makers Thomas and William Bowler, the Bowler hat is arguably the most iconic stereotyped view of an Englishman (complete with Bowler and rolled umbrella), and was commonly associated with City of London businessmen. Traced back to the north of England in the 14th century, the flat cap is associated with the working classes in the UK. The flat cap has seen a 21st-century resurgence in popularity, possibly influenced by various British public figures wearing them, including David Beckham, Harry Styles and Guy Ritchie, with clothing sellers Marks & Spencer reporting that flat cap sales significantly increased"
"universities and the Smithsonian. Unangan hunting headgear Unangan hunting headgear are wooden hats associated with the Unangan (eastern dialect) (Unangas, western dialect), the Indigenous Peoples of what are currently known as the Aleutian Islands. Also known as bentwood hats, and hunting hats, the headgear take the form as either closed crown conical hats, with long frontal bills; open crown hats, with long bills; or visors with short bills. Closed crown conical hats were traditionally worn by chiefs, whalers, and high-ranking sea hunters, while open crown hats and visors were worn by regular and lower-rank sea hunters. They are recognized by"
"in the opening ceremony parade of nations. In addition, the US team in the 2008 Summer Olympics also wore white flat caps designed by Polo Ralph Lauren during the parade of nations. In 2011, the flat cap increased in popularity in the UK possibly influenced by photographs of celebrities—men and women—wearing caps. Clothing sellers Marks & Spencer reported that flat cap sales significantly increased in 2011. It is commonly worn within the ""gopnik"" subculture in Russia. Flat cap A flat cap is a rounded cap with a small stiff brim in front. The hat is also known in Scotland as"
"Square academic cap The square academic cap, graduate cap, cap, mortarboard (because of its similarity in appearance to the mortarboard used by brickmasons to hold mortar) or Oxford cap, is an item of academic dress consisting of a horizontal square board fixed upon a skull-cap, with a tassel attached to the centre. In the UK and the US, it is commonly referred to informally in conjunction with an academic gown, as a ""cap and gown"". It is also sometimes termed a square, trencher, or corner-cap. The adjective academical is also used. The cap, together with the gown and sometimes a"
"Pillbox hat A pillbox hat is a small hat, usually worn by women, with a flat crown, straight, upright sides, and no brim. It is named after the small cylindrical or hexagonal cases that pills used to be sold in. Historically, the precursor to the pillbox hat was military headgear. During the late Roman Empire, the ""pileus pannonicus"" or ""Pannonian cap"" – headgear similar to the modern pillbox hat – was worn by Roman soldiers. A similar hat was popular with the Flemish in the Middle Ages. In some countries, especially those of the Commonwealth of Nations, a pillbox-like forage"
"known as the ""mortarboard"", a symbol of the academia is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top centre of the board. The tassel is made of a cluster of silk threads, which are fastened by a button at one end and fixed at the centre of the headpiece. In Karnataka University Convocation, students have now the option to wear the Karnataka's traditional Mysore peta, a turban made of silk or cotton cloth with jari tied to the head in a traditional way (tied Mysore petas or turbans are readily marketed for the purpose"
"Asian conical hat The Asian conical hat, commonly known as an Asian rice hat, coolie hat (in the UK), or farmer's hat, is a simple style of conical hat originating in East, South, and Southeast Asia; and notable in modern-day nations and regions of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, parts of Russian Manchuria and Vietnam. It is kept on the head by a cloth (often silk) chin strap. This style of hat is used primarily as protection from the sun and rain. When made of straw or matting, it can be dipped"
"university beadle, who also wears an academic gown and carries the university's mace. Male professors remove their beret when sitting down and put it on when standing up (e.g. to lecture or to address a doctoral candidate during the thesis defence). Female professors may keep the beret on at all times. Academic dress may be completed by a chain of office (for the presiding Rector or Dean) or the insignia of honorary doctorates or royal orders (only worn at the ""dies natalis""). University graduates in New Zealand wear an academic gown identical to those of the University of Cambridge and"
"in the ""Burgon shape"" [s2] or the ""Oxford simple shape"" [s1], though some are traditionally made in one shape or the other. Most of the newer degrees use the Burgon whilst older degrees use either, although the Burgon shape is becoming more popular. Generally, hoods are worn by graduates whenever ""subfusc"" is worn, but sometimes they are worn with an ordinary tie, e.g. by the lecturer at a public lecture. Men wear a mortarboard (also known as a ""square"" or trencher cap) [h1], which is not worn indoors, except by the Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and Proctors. When meeting the Vice-Chancellor, Proctors,"
"or with gold embroidery. At some universities, the rector additionally wears a chain of office and, at some occasions, carries a scepter. The cap that accompanies the ""Talar"" is called ""Barett"". As is the case with the ""Talar"", which type of cap is used varies by university as well. Historically, caps made of soft materials rather than the square academic cap are common. The colour of the ""Barett"" matches the ""Talar"". After the German student movement, following the years of 1967 all West German universities dropped their academic dress because they were identified with right-winged conservatism and reactionism by the"
"along the rim of the hat. The colour of the band around the edge represents the faculty in which they study, with a different colour for each faculty. The hat is additionally extensively decorated as the student sees fit. In France, students wear a black beret called Faluche since 1888. In Germany, members of student societies wear various forms of caps as part of their attire. Common types of caps are ""Stürmer"", ""Tellermütze"" and ""Tönnchen"". In the Nordic countries, student caps were first adopted as a common mark of recognition by the students from Uppsala University on the occasion of"
"as well without, as it were, losing face."" In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, British public figures including David Beckham, Guy Ritchie, Richard Blackwood, and the Prince of Wales wore the flat cap. The flat cap hat is associated in North American (chiefly US) popular culture with city newsboys (i.e., street-corner newspaper sellers), the style sometimes being called a ""newsboy"" or ""newsie"" cap, sometimes referred to as a ""Kangol hat"" due to conflation with the brand that makes certain styles of flat caps. The style has remained popular among groups of people in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and"
"Capotain A capotain, capatain or copotain is a tall-crowned, narrow-brimmed, slightly conical ""sugarloaf"" hat, usually black, worn by men and women from the 1590s into the mid-seventeenth century in England and northwestern Europe. Earlier capotains had rounded crowns; later, the crown was flat at the top. The capotain is especially associated with Puritan costume in England in the years leading up to the English Civil War and during the years of the Commonwealth. It is also commonly called a Flat Topped Hat and a Pilgrim hat, the latter for its association with the Pilgrims that settled Plymouth Colony in the"
"costume. Asian conical hat The Asian conical hat, commonly known as an Asian rice hat, coolie hat (in the UK), or farmer's hat, is a simple style of conical hat originating in East, South, and Southeast Asia; and notable in modern-day nations and regions of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, parts of Russian Manchuria and Vietnam. It is kept on the head by a cloth (often silk) chin strap. This style of hat is used primarily as protection from the sun and rain. When made of straw or matting, it can be"
"except in the older universities. Another form of dress, now rarely seen, is the habit, which is worn over a black gown. Only Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and Newcastle use habits and mainly reserve their use for very formal ceremonial occasions and to a specific group of academics or officials. The hood was originally a functional garment, worn to shield the head from the elements. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. Hoods comprise two basic patterns: full shape or simple shape. The traditional full-shape hood consists of a"
"to wear academic dress consisting of an epitoge [e1], a strip of material worn over the left shoulder, on top of an undergraduate's gown. Undergraduate diplomates wear a blue epitoge, while postgraduate diplomates wear a blue and black epitoge. A form of a black hat known as a square cap (also mortarboard) [h1] is worn or carried. The Consolidated Statutes of the College (Chapter XVIII) state that: ""The caps to be worn by Graduates and Undergraduates shall be black, and of the ordinary academical shape; the cap to be worn by Scholars and ex-Scholars shall be covered in velvet, and"
"and the opponent carry their hats but do not wear them. During disputations, the hats rest on the table with the university emblems towards the audience. A doctoral hat is personal and is usually not lent to others. Along with the doctoral sword (found in Finland only, and not in all faculties), doctoral pike (found in Scotland only), doctoral bulawa (found in Ukraine and Poland), doctoral tailcoat facings (in certain universities / for certain degrees, e.g., for the degree of Doctor of Science in Technology at Aalto University), doctoral Bibles (in theological faculties), and doctoral rings (in Sweden), it forms"
"Top hat A top hat, beaver hat, high hat, silk hat, cylinder hat, chimney pot hat or stove pipe hat, sometimes also known by the nickname ""topper"", is a tall, flat-crowned, broad-brimmed hat, worn by men from the latter part of the 18th to the middle of the 20th century. By the end of World War II, it had become a rarity in ordinary dress, though it continued to be worn in specific instances, such as state funerals, also by those occupying prominent positions in the Bank of England, by certain City stock exchange officials and occasionally when passing between"
"of respect for the Gujarati people. The turban is known as ""PHETA"" or ""PAGHADI"". This shows the responsibility and honor of responsibility. Convocation caps are adorned by students and faculty during convocation ceremonies. This practice has been changed by the Inter–University Board (IUB) of Karnataka, which has ruled that students passing out of the nine universities in Karnataka shall no longer wear the traditional black cap – the mortarboard (as it was considered a British legacy) - during their proud moments. Instead, universities have been given the option of using the traditional Mysore Peta. The academic cap or square, commonly"
"square cap and they soon fell into disuse. The tricorn is still used as the official hat of the Registrar and the Dan Dare is still officially prescribed for undergraduates; however, because undergraduate gowns are extremely rarely, if ever, worn pressure for abolition of the cap has not occurred. Officers of the universities generally wear distinctive and more elaborate dress. The Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor may wear a black damask lay type gown (sometimes with a long train) trimmed with gold or silver lace and frogs. They wear a velvet mortarboard, similarly trimmed with gold braid and tassel. This form"
"of the top board forming and 'X'. Where the ribbons intersect a rosette of ribbon is attached. There could also be 9 ribbon 'butterflies' at the back part of the skull to indicate mourning for the Sovereign, another member of the Royal Family, or the University Chancellor. In many universities, holders of doctorates wear a soft rounded headpiece known as a Tudor bonnet or tam, rather than a trencher. Other types of hats used, especially in some universities in the UK, are the John Knox cap (mostly at Scottish universities), the Bishop Andrewes cap (a reinvention of the ancient form"
"cape, cowl, and liripipe, as is used at Cambridge. At Oxford, the bachelors' and masters' hoods use simple hoods that have lost their cape and retain only the cowl and liripipe. The colour and lining of hoods in academic dress represents the rank and/or faculty of the wearer. In many Commonwealth universities bachelors wear hoods edged or lined with white rabbit fur, while masters wear hoods lined with coloured silk (originally ermine or other expensive fur). Doctors' hoods are normally made of scarlet cloth and lined with coloured silk. Faculty colours were introduced by the University of London and many"
"made of velvet; the gown (ankle-length, open in the front), is made of wool trimmed with velvet or silk It is traditionally black, as in the robes of early-modern humanists; some universities have gowns with wide slashed sleeves edged in faculty-specific colours, others have a decorated sleeve but without specific faculty colours. Recently established universities may show a greater variety of colours. Academic dress is only worn on ceremonial occasions: the university anniversary or ""dies natalis"", inaugural lectures, and the public defence of a doctoral thesis. On such occasions, the assembled professors line up as a ""cortège"" headed by the"
"Eugénie hat A Eugénie hat (sometimes also eugenie hat, Empress Eugenie hat or empress hat) is a small women's hat that is usually worn tilted forwards over the face, or it may be angled low over one eye. Typically, it is made of velvet or felt, although a variety of materials may be used. The classic design also has a plume of feathers, although other trims may be used. It first became popular in the mid 19th century and was named after the French empress Eugénie de Montijo, a fashion trendsetter whose taste was much admired and copied. In the"