Who was Domenikos Theotocopoulos better known as?
"Venice, overthrew official Venetian authorities and declared an independent Cretan Republic. The revolt took Venice five years to quell. During Venetian rule, the Greek population of Crete was exposed to Renaissance culture. A thriving literature in the Cretan dialect of Greek developed on the island. The best-known work from this period is the poem ""Erotokritos"" by Vitsentzos Kornaros (Βιτσένζος Κορνάρος). Another major Cretan literary figure was Nicholas Kalliakis (1645–1707), a Greek scholar and philosopher who flourished in Italy in the 17th Century. Georgios Hortatzis was author of the dramatic work ""Erophile"". The painter Domenicos Theotocopoulos, better known as El Greco,"
"El Greco Doménikos Theotokópoulos ( ; October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco (""The Greek""), was a painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. ""El Greco"" was a nickname, a reference to his Greek origin, and the artist normally signed his paintings with his full birth name in Greek letters, Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος, ""Doménikos Theotokópoulos"", often adding the word Κρής ""Krēs"", Cretan. El Greco was born in the Kingdom of Candia, which was at that time part of the Republic of Venice, and the center of Post-Byzantine art. He trained and became a master within that"
"Nacional d’Art de Catalunya, the painting is “enriched by modern use of colour, the fruit of the lessons the artist had learned in Venice.” El Greco created a sense of a halo around the heads of the saints by providing an intense blue opening in the background clouds. The placement of the hands of the saint, crossed without actually touching, symbolizes a possible disagreement between the two. The older Peter, on left, is gesturing towards Paul, suggesting a sign of surrender in the disagreement. Doménikos Theotokópoulos was born around 1541 in what is modern day Heraklion, Crete. The nickname El"
"material and multimedia. They include ceramics, sculptures, coins, jewellery, wall paintings, portable icons, ritual objects, manuscripts, heirlooms, weavings, the reconstructed interior of a Cretan rural home and much more. The museum’s finest exhibits are two paintings by Doménikos Theotokópoulos (more commonly known as El Greco), born in Crete: ""The Baptism of Christ"" (1567) and ""View of Mount Sinai"" (1570–2), the only works by the artist now on Crete. Another outstanding exhibit is a 4×4 metre mock-up of mid-17th century Chandax (Heraklion), at the time when the city reached its peak under Venetian rule. Of particular interest is the Nikos Kazantzakis"
"Demetrios Komnenos Doukas Demetrios Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Comnenus Ducas (), was ruler of Thessalonica from 1244 until his deposition in 1246. He was born c. 1220. Demetrios was the younger son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. In 1230 his father was captured together with his family in the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. When his sister Irene married Ivan Asen II in 1237, Demetrios was released from captivity together with his now blind father Theodore and his older brother John. Theodore and his sons made their way back to Thessalonica and incited a"
"Theodore Komnenos Doukas Theodore Komnenos Doukas (, ""Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas"", Latinized as Theodore Comnenus Ducas, died 1253) was ruler of Epirus and Thessaly from 1215 to 1230 and of Thessalonica and most of Macedonia and western Thrace from 1224 to 1230. He was also the power behind the rule of his sons John and Demetrios over Thessalonica in 1237–1246. Theodore was the scion of a distinguished Byzantine aristocratic family related to the imperial Komnenos, Doukas, and Angelos dynasties. Nevertheless, nothing is known about Theodore's life before the conquest of Constantinople and dissolution of the Byzantine Empire by the Fourth Crusade"
"Theodoros Kolokotronis Theodoros Kolokotronis (; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. Kolokotronis's greatest success was the defeat of the Ottoman army under Mahmud Dramali Pasha at the Battle of Dervenakia in 1822. In 1825, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Greek forces in the Peloponnese. Today, Kolokotronis ranks among the most prominent figures in Greece's War of Independence. Theodoros Kolokotronis was born at Ramavouni () in Messenia, and was baptised in Piana, from a family of klefts, and grew up"
"John Komnenos Doukas John Komnenos Doukas (, ""Iōannēs Komnēnos Doúkas""), Latinized as Comnenus Ducas, was ruler of Thessalonica from 1237 until his death in 1244. John was the eldest son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. In 1230 his father was captured together with his family in the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. When his sister Irene married Ivan Asen II in 1237, John was released from captivity together with his now blind father Theodore and his younger brother Demetrios. Theodore and his sons made their way back to Thessalonica and incited a revolt against"
"of California (Department of Psychology), concludes that ""even if El Greco were astigmatic, he would have adapted to it, and his figures, whether drawn from memory or life, would have had normal proportions. His elongations were an artistic expression, not a visual symptom."" According to Professor of Spanish John Armstrong Crow, ""astigmatism could never give quality to a canvas, nor talent to a dunce"". El Greco Doménikos Theotokópoulos ( ; October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco (""The Greek""), was a painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. ""El Greco"" was a nickname, a reference"
"Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli Jorge Manuel Theotocópuli (1578, Toledo - 29 March 1631, Toledo) was a Spanish painter and architect. He was the only son of the iconic painter, Doménikos Theotokópoulos, called ""El Greco"". He learned his trade working in the studios of his father. Around 1603, he participated in creating custom altarpieces in Illescas; his first documented work. Later, in 1607, he began to work more independently, producing an altarpiece in Titulcia which, although generally done in his father's style, showed a glimmer of his own personality. After his father's death in 1614, he focused on his interest in architecture,"
"a ""master"" (""maestro Domenigo""), meaning he was already a master of the guild and presumably operating his own workshop. Three years later, in June 1566, as a witness to a contract, he signed his name in Greek as (""Master Ménegos Theotokópoulos, painter""). Most scholars believe that the Theotokópoulos ""family was almost certainly Greek Orthodox"", although some Catholic sources still claim him from birth. Like many Orthodox emigrants to Catholic areas of Europe, some assert that he may have transferred to Catholicism after his arrival, and possibly practiced as a Catholic in Spain, where he described himself as a ""devout Catholic"""
"Neophytos Doukas Neophytos Doukas or Dukas (; 1760, Ano Soudena, Ottoman Empire – 1845, northwestern Greece) was a Greek priest and scholar, author of a large number of books and translations from ancient Greek works, and one of the most important personalities of the modern Greek Enlightenment (""Diafotismos"") during the Ottoman occupation of Greece. His contributions to Greek education have been neglected because of the traditional ideas he advocated concerning the Greek language question (supporting the use of classical Greek over Katharevousa [Puristic Greek] and Dimotiki). Doukas was born in the village of Ano Soudena, in the mountainous Zagori region"
"Neophytos Doukas Neophytos Doukas or Dukas (; 1760, Ano Soudena, Ottoman Empire – 1845, northwestern Greece) was a Greek priest and scholar, author of a large number of books and translations from ancient Greek works, and one of the most important personalities of the modern Greek Enlightenment (""Diafotismos"") during the Ottoman occupation of Greece. His contributions to Greek education have been neglected because of the traditional ideas he advocated concerning the Greek language question (supporting the use of classical Greek over Katharevousa [Puristic Greek] and Dimotiki). Doukas was born in the village of Ano Soudena, in the mountainous Zagori region"
"was brief, ending with the disastrous Battle of Klokotnitsa against Bulgaria in 1230, where Theodore Komnenos Doukas was captured. Reduced to a Bulgarian vassal, Theodore's brother and successor Manuel Komnenos Doukas was unable to prevent the loss of most of his brother's conquests in Macedonia and Thrace, while the original nucleus of the state, Epirus, broke free under Michael II Komnenos Doukas. Theodore recovered Thessalonica in 1237, installing his son John Komnenos Doukas, and after him Demetrios Komnenos Doukas, as rulers of the city, while Manuel, with Nicaean support, seized Thessaly. The rulers of Thessalonica bore the imperial title from"
"Like most members of his family, originally descended from the Angelos family, he preferred the surname ""Doukas"", or the variant ""Komnenos Doukas"" (Κομνηνός ὁ Δούκας), but is also referred to by contemporary Byzantine historians as ""Angelos"". After his father's murder in 1215 and the succession of his uncle Theodore Komnenos Doukas, he went into exile. According to the hagiography of his later wife, St. Theodora of Arta, Theodore sent him and his mother to exile in the Peloponnese. After Theodore's defeat and capture by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria at the Battle of Klokotnitsa, the throne in Thessalonica was now"
"succeeded by his younger brother Demetrios. John Komnenos Doukas John Komnenos Doukas (, ""Iōannēs Komnēnos Doúkas""), Latinized as Comnenus Ducas, was ruler of Thessalonica from 1237 until his death in 1244. John was the eldest son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. In 1230 his father was captured together with his family in the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. When his sister Irene married Ivan Asen II in 1237, John was released from captivity together with his now blind father Theodore and his younger brother Demetrios. Theodore and his sons made their way back to"
"city to the Nicaean emperor. Demetrios was powerless to resist and the city was surrendered to John III Doukas Vatatzes. Demetrios was sent into exile to the fortress of Lentiana. The date of his death is unknown. Demetrios Komnenos Doukas Demetrios Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Comnenus Ducas (), was ruler of Thessalonica from 1244 until his deposition in 1246. He was born c. 1220. Demetrios was the younger son of Theodore Komnenos Doukas and Maria Petraliphaina. In 1230 his father was captured together with his family in the Battle of Klokotnitsa by Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria. When his sister"
"possibly by his one known mistress, an unnamed lady of the Gangrenos family. His full family name was Doukas Komnenos Angelos, but he is almost universally referred to in the sources simply by the first surname of ""Doukas"". This also led to a confusion among his Latin contemporaries, who mistook it for his title, and referred to him as the ""Duke of Neopatras"". His actual title, which he received from the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in , was ""sebastokratōr"". Nothing is known of his early life before 1259, when he is mentioned for his participation in the events that"
"Theodore Angelos Theodore Angelos () was co-ruler of Thessaly from to his death in . Theodore was the third son of John I Doukas, ruler of Thessaly by his wife, who is only known by her monastic name Hypomone (""Patience""). When John died in or shortly before 1289, he was succeeded by Theodore's older brother Constantine, but Theodore served as his co-ruler. Initially, the two brothers were under the tutelage of Anna Palaiologina Kantakouzene as they were underage. Awarded the title of ""sebastokrator"" from the Byzantine emperor in 1295, he was scheduled to marry the Armenian princess Theophano, but this"
"Constantine Doukas of Thessaly Constantine Doukas (), Latinized as Ducas, was ruler of Thessaly from to his death in 1303. Constantine Doukas was the second son of John I Doukas of Thessaly by his wife, who is only known by her monastic name Hypomone (""Patience""). He succeeded his father sometime in or before 1289 as ruler of Thessaly until his death in 1303. From on he bore the title of ""sebastokrator"". At the beginning of his reign, as he was underage, he stood under the regency of Anna Palaiologina Kantakouzene. His younger brother Theodore Angelos was his co-ruler until his"
"with Zoe Doukaina, and a bastard son with a concubine. These children were: John Doukas (sebastokrator) John Doukas, Latinized as Ducas, (, ""Iōannēs Doukas""; – ) was the eldest son of Constantine Angelos by Theodora Komnene, the seventh child of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina, from whose family name John Doukas took his own. He served as a military commander under Manuel I Komnenos and Isaac II Angelos. Isaac II, who was Doukas's nephew, raised him to the high rank of ""sebastokrator"". Despite his advanced age, he continued to be an active general in the 1180s"
"Manuel Doukas Manuel Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Ducas (, ""Manouēl Komnēnos Doukas""; c. 1187 – c. 1241), commonly simply Manuel Doukas (Μανουήλ Δούκας) and rarely also called Manuel Angelos (Μανουήλ Ἄγγελος), was ruler of Thessalonica from 1230 to 1237 and, after his expulsion from Thessalonica, of Thessaly from 1239 until his death in c. 1241. Manuel was a legitimate son of the ""sebastokratōr"" John Doukas. He was thus a first cousin of the emperors Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos, and a brother of Michael I Komnenos Doukas and Theodore Komnenos Doukas of Epirus. He married the sister of"
"several children, including: John I Doukas of Thessaly John I Doukas (, ""Iōannēs Doúkas""), Latinized as Ducas, was an illegitimate son of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Despot of Epirus in –1268. After his father's death, he became ruler of Thessaly from to his own death in 1289. From his father's family he is also inaccurately known as John Angelos. Married to a Thessalian Vlach woman, John first appears leading Vlach troops alongside his father in the lead-up to the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259. His defection to the camp of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos was crucial in the battle, which"
"John Doukas (sebastokrator) John Doukas, Latinized as Ducas, (, ""Iōannēs Doukas""; – ) was the eldest son of Constantine Angelos by Theodora Komnene, the seventh child of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Irene Doukaina, from whose family name John Doukas took his own. He served as a military commander under Manuel I Komnenos and Isaac II Angelos. Isaac II, who was Doukas's nephew, raised him to the high rank of ""sebastokrator"". Despite his advanced age, he continued to be an active general in the 1180s and 1190s, and until shortly before his death aspired to the imperial throne."
"John I Doukas of Thessaly John I Doukas (, ""Iōannēs Doúkas""), Latinized as Ducas, was an illegitimate son of Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Despot of Epirus in –1268. After his father's death, he became ruler of Thessaly from to his own death in 1289. From his father's family he is also inaccurately known as John Angelos. Married to a Thessalian Vlach woman, John first appears leading Vlach troops alongside his father in the lead-up to the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259. His defection to the camp of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos was crucial in the battle, which ended with the"
"of the emperors Isaac II Angelos () and Alexios III Angelos (), who were Theodore's first cousins. As with most members of his family, he preferred to use the surname of ""Doukas"" or ""Komnenos Doukas"" (Κομνηνὸς ὁ Δούκας); contemporaries variously called him ""Doukas"", ""Komnenos"", or even ""Grand Komnenos"" (μέγας Κομνηνός), an appellation more usually found among the ruling family of the Empire of Trebizond. Theodore evidently preferred to be associated with the more successful dynasties of the Doukai and the Komnenoi, rather than the disastrous reign of the Angeloi; indeed the only medieval writers to call him ""Angelos"" were the"
"Michael II Komnenos Doukas Michael II Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Comnenus Ducas (, ""Mikhaēl II Komnēnos Doukas""), often called Michael Angelos in narrative sources, was from 1230 until his death in 1266/68 the ruler of the Despotate of Epirus, which included Epirus in northwestern Greece, the western part of Greek Macedonia and Thessaly, and western Greece as far south as Nafpaktos. Michael was an illegitimate son of Michael I Komnenos Doukas, the founder of the state of Epirus. The historian Demetrios Polemis estimates that he was born in the early years of his father's reign (1205–15), probably in ca. 1206."
"Battle of Doliana The Battle of Doliana took place during the Greek War of Independence on 18 May 1821. The Ottoman army met up with a Greek force of 200 men under Nikitas Stamatelopoulos (Greek:Νικήτας Σταματελόπουλος), better known as ""Nikitaras"" (Greek:Νικηταράς). The Greeks, though outnumbered, managed to knock out the Ottoman artillery and spread panic among their enemies, who left 300 dead on the battlefield and much booty. Nikitaras, who had up to that point lived in the shadow of his uncle Theodoros Kolokotronis, earned a name for himself and the nickname ""Tourkofagos"" (Greek: Τουρκοφάγος) (Turk-eater). Legend says that after"
"Themistocles Themistocles (; ""Themistoklẽs""; ""Glory of the Law""; c. 524–459 BC) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC)"
"city when its inhabitants had been driven from their homes, and still won the victory?"" Themistocles Themistocles (; ""Themistoklẽs""; ""Glory of the Law""; c. 524–459 BC) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During"
"by Theodore's younger son Demetrios. In 1246, Vatatzes overthrew the unpopular Demetrios and annexed Thessalonica. Theodore influenced his nephew Michael II to launch an attack on Thessalonica in 1251, but in 1252, Vatatzes campaigned against them and forced Michael to come to terms. Theodore was taken prisoner and sent into exile in Nicaea, where he died around 1253. Born between 1180 and 1185, Theodore was a son of the ""sebastokrator"" John Doukas and of Zoe Doukaina. His paternal grandparents were Constantine Angelos and Theodora, a daughter of the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (). Theodore's uncle, Andronikos, was the father"
"scholars like Michael Glykas and George Tornikes. John was not a very religious man, and was interested in astrology, the subject of one of his poems. Archbishop Eustathius of Thessalonica wrote a commentary on Dionysios Periegetes for him, as well as a speech in his honour when John visited Thessalonica sometime in 1168/75, as did a philosopher called Constantine of Nicaea. John Doukas Kamateros John Doukas Kamateros (), in contemporary sources usually simply John Doukas, was a Byzantine aristocrat active in the second half of the 12th century and one of the most distinguished officials and military leaders of his"
"translated several times in English and other languages. Kolokotronis's famed helmet, along with the rest of his arms and armor, may today be seen in the National Historical Museum of Greece in Athens. In addition to the Nafplio statue mentioned earlier, there is another to be seen in Athens, in the forecourt of the Old Parliament building on Stadiou Street, near Syntagma Square. Theodoros Kolokotronis Theodoros Kolokotronis (; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire. Kolokotronis's greatest success was the defeat"