What name is given to the chimneys of volcanic waste that have been found in the Pacific Ocean?
"continue to occur producing new land area such as the volcanic eruptions at Capelinhos or Serreta, but also through the venting of gases and pillow lavas, supporting a rich ecosystem. Hydrothermal vent is the name given to a type of fumarole found in the ocean, with elevated temperatures, rich in dissolved minerals, resulting from the infiltration of ocean water into the earth's crust and magma chambers. When expelled and contacting the cold waters, it results in a precipitation of mineral deposits, forming a characteristic plume of muddy waters and expelled minerals. Seven large hydrothermal fields have been discovered within the"
"Punchbowl Crater Punchbowl Crater is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific. The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the secondary activity of the Honolulu Volcanic Series. A crater resulted from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range. The volcano is most likely a monogenetic volcano, meaning that it only erupted once. Although there are various translations of the Punchbowl's Hawaiian name, ""Puowaina,"" the"
"them from the Graveyard group. Timed surveys of the seamounts over the years are being used to examine how well a seamount coral community recovers from the effects of dredging over time. Graveyard Seamounts The Graveyard Seamounts is the informal name for the Graveyard Knolls These are a series of 28 small seamounts (underwater volcanoes) and edifices located on the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand. They cover about and stand out from the surrounding oceanic plateau that measures several hundred kilometers. They are named after various morose figures following the naming of the largest of the knolls as ""the"
"Graveyard Seamounts The Graveyard Seamounts is the informal name for the Graveyard Knolls These are a series of 28 small seamounts (underwater volcanoes) and edifices located on the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand. They cover about and stand out from the surrounding oceanic plateau that measures several hundred kilometers. They are named after various morose figures following the naming of the largest of the knolls as ""the Graveyard"" as it was a graveyard of fishing gear that became stuck on it. The most prominent among the group of knolls are Ghoul, Diabolical, Voodoo, Scroll, Hartless, Pyre, Gothic, Zombie, Mummy,"
"cemetery; in February 1948 Congress approved funding and construction began. Punchbowl Crater Punchbowl Crater is an extinct volcanic tuff cone located in Honolulu, Hawaii. It is the location of the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific. The crater was formed some 75,000 to 100,000 years ago during the secondary activity of the Honolulu Volcanic Series. A crater resulted from the ejection of hot lava through cracks in the old coral reefs which, at the time, extended to the foot of the Koolau Mountain Range. The volcano is most likely a monogenetic volcano, meaning that it only erupted once. Although there"
"ashes or ""cinders"" thrown out by basaltic volcanoes are often spongy masses of tachylite with only a few larger crystals or phenocrysts imbedded in black glass. Such tachylite volcanic bombs and scoria are frequent in Iceland, Auvergne, Stromboli and Etna, and are very common also in the ash beds or tuffs of older date, such as occur in Skye, Midlothian and Fife, Derbyshire, and elsewhere. Basic pumices of this kind are exceedingly widespread on the bottom of the sea, either dispersed in the pelagic red clay and other deposits or forming layers coated with oxides of manganese precipitated on them"
"Kermadec and black-winged petrels, Kermadec little shearwaters and sooty terns. Cheeseman Island Cheeseman Island is a rocky volcanic island in the southwest Pacific Ocean (located at ). It is named after Thomas Frederick Cheeseman of the Auckland Museum - who was on board the New Zealand Government steamer 'Stella' when it visited the island in 1887. Partly named after Matthew Cheeseman who was first to map the island with his brother. It neighbours Curtis Island to the east and lies about south of Macauley Island. They are part of the Kermadec Islands, an outlying island group of New Zealand, located"
"a long period of time. These volcanic belts are called volcanic chains. Canadian geologist John Tuzo Wilson came up with the idea in 1963 that volcanic chains like the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a ""fixed"" hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet, thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core boundary called a mantle plume. But more recently some geologists, such as Gillian Foulger view upper-mantle convection as a cause. This in turn has re-raised the antipodal pair impact hypothesis, the idea"
"Ocean, but whether or not it will generate a ""megatsunami"" is controversial. There is evidence of earlier failures on the submerged flanks and surrounding abyssal plain. The lower slopes are known as the ""Grand Brûlé"" (""Great Burn""). Most volcanic eruptions are confined to the caldera. Inside the caldera is a high lava shield named Dolomieu. At the top of this lava shield are Bory Crater (""Cratère Bory"") and Dolomieu Crater (""Cratère Dolomieu""), which is by far the wider of the two and named for French geologist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu. Many craters and spatter cones can be found inside the"
"Pali Dome Pali Dome is a subglacial volcano in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Mount Cayley volcanic field and its elevation is . For the past 2 million years, the Mount Cayley volcanic field has had interactions between ice and lava which have created some unique landforms and an in-ice drainage system.""Pali"" comes from the Hawaiian word that means cliff or steep hill, while dome refers to the lava dome, which is when doughy lava flows from a volcanic vent which is usually rounded and flat on top."
", they may be two isolated volcanic centers, or they may have been created at a single center and displaced along a fault (see Puget Sound faults). Tamanowas Rock Tamanowas Rock (also spelled Tamanous), also called Chimacum Rock, is a high rock with caves and crevices that lies in a forest adjacent to Anderson Lake State Park, near Port Townsend, Washington. It is a sacred site to the Coast Salish peoples of the Pacific Northwest and a pilgrimage site. The rock was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Tamanowas Rock is said to have first been"
"volcano with a thin layer of carbonate rocks and ferromanganese. Lami seamount lies northwest of Lomilik. The rocks found on Lomilik consist of basalt and limestone. Fluorapatite, hyaloclastite, mudstone, phosphorite and siltstone have been identified in rocks from the seamount. Manganese nodules have been found on Lomilik and the manganese crusts on the seamount reach thicknesses of over ; the thickest crust recovered from an ocean is a thick ferromanganese crust from Lomilik recovered in 1989. The deposits on Lomilik could potentially be mined. Lomilik Lomilik is a seamount in the Western Pacific Ocean, within the exclusive economic zone of"
"pressure and temperature. A number of uranium deposits have been found in the Macusani volcanics, including the Cerro Calvario, Chapi Alto – Pampa Suyupia, Chapi Bajo, Chilcuno VI, K3 and Pinocho mineralizations. Chapi Alto – Pampa Suyupia is the largest, with reserves back then being estimated at triuranium octoxide. Glass pebbles found in the volcanic rocks are the well-known ""Macusanite"" glass. These glasses have a variety of colours and are found in stream sediments. The ""Paucartambo glass"" is probably macusanite. This glass was proposed as a standard for fission track dating; research published in 1993 indicated that the cobbles have"
"One of the last known eruptions of the Pali Dome was over 10,000 years ago. Pali Dome Pali Dome is a subglacial volcano in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the Mount Cayley volcanic field and its elevation is . For the past 2 million years, the Mount Cayley volcanic field has had interactions between ice and lava which have created some unique landforms and an in-ice drainage system.""Pali"" comes from the Hawaiian word that means cliff or steep hill, while dome refers to the lava dome, which is when"
"Mazama Ash The Mazama Ash is a large geologically recent volcanic ash deposit that covers portions of the U.S. states of California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Wyoming and Utah, as well as the Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. It was created by a massive explosive eruption of Mount Mazama ~6,900 years ago, during which it collapsed to create the caldera of Crater Lake. To the south, the Mazama Ash overlies the older Bishop Tuff. To the north, it is overlain by the 508-year-old Wn Ash and the 3,400-year-old Yn Ash from Mount St. Helens, as"
"the Ngatemato seamounts deformed the Pacific plate enough with their weight to trigger the eruption of magma. Taukina seamounts Taukina seamounts are a series of seamounts on the Pacific Plate. The Macdonald hotspot and the Ngatemato seamounts are located nearby. The Taukina and Ngatemato seamounts were discovered in 1996 by the RV Maurice Ewing and both are named after families in Rapa Iti. The Taukina seamounts are formed by small volcanoes, with heights of and widths of . They often feature a caldera on their summit. Tholeiitic rocks make up the seamounts. The shape of the Taukina seamounts resembles that"
"Foundation Seamounts Foundation Seamounts are a series of seamounts in the southern Pacific Ocean. Discovered in 1992, these seamounts form a long chain which starts from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. Some of these seamounts may have once emerged from the ocean. The Foundation Seamounts were probably formed by a now-weakening mantle plume called the Foundation hotspot that is located close to the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. It is possible that this hotspot generated additional volcanoes, such as the Ngatemato and Taukina seamounts farther west. The oldest volcanism on the Foundation Seamounts occurred 21 million years ago, while the youngest volcanism appears to be"
"Trident Volcano Trident Volcano is an eroded volcanic complex consisting of numerous domes (up to 23), as high as in elevation, along a northeast-southwest oriented volcanic front on the Pacific Ocean side of the Alaska Peninsula. A new dome was emplaced beginning in 1953 at an altitude of in an amphitheater on the southwest flank of the southwest peak. According to the United States Geological Survey, the descriptive name, Trident, was given by Robert Fiske Griggs of the National Geographic Society, in 1916, because there were three major peaks. The volcano has been known by several variants of the name."
"a circular shape. Three Wise Men (volcanoes) The Three Wise Men are a row of three seamounts (underwater volcanoes) located in the Pacific Ocean, on the East Pacific Rise. They are part of a large group of seamounts, collectively known as the Rano Raji. They stand at between and , and are named after the Biblical Magi or the ""three wise men"". The middle of the three is the tallest and also the flattest at its top. The southern one is similar to its larger neighbor, but slightly shorter. The northern one is the middle of the two, with a"
"is his work Hymn to Glacier Peak. Hovhaness lived in Seattle from the early 1970s to his death in 2000, and several of his works referenced the geographical features of the Pacific North West of the USA. Glacier Peak Glacier Peak or Dakobed (known in the Sauk-Suiattle dialect of the Lushootseed language as ""Tda-ko-buh-ba"" or ""Takobia"") is the most isolated of the five major stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes) of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in the U.S state of Washington. Located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, the volcano is visible from the west in Seattle, and from the north in the higher"
"Wōdejebato Wōdejebato (formerly known as Sylvania) is a Cretaceous guyot or tablemount in the northern Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean. Wōdejebato probably is a shield volcano and is connected through a submarine ridge to the smaller Pikinni Atoll northwest of the guyot; unlike Wōdejebato, Pikinni rises above sea level. The seamount rises for to depth and is formed by basaltic rocks. The name Wōdejebato refers to a sea god of Pikinni. It was probably formed by a hotspot in what is present-day French Polynesia before plate tectonics moved it to its present-day location. The Macdonald, Rarotonga, Rurutu and Society hotspots may"
"continental volcanic arc called the Omineca Arc. Magma rising from the Omineca Arc successfully connected the Intermontane Belt to the mainland of North America, forming a chain of volcanoes from Washington to British Columbia that existed for about 60 million years. The ocean lying offshore during this period is called the Bridge River Ocean. About 115 million years ago, another island arc collided with the Pacific Northwest called the Insular Islands and caused the Bridge River Ocean to close. Like the earlier buildup of the Intermontane Islands, this island arc connected to the Intermontane Belt as magma solidified and rose"
"exposed to natural weathering of the upper layers of soil strata. The bedrock is mostly Anakeesta Formation metamorphic rock, especially slate, phyllite, and metasiltsone. It was formed 200 million years ago when the North American and African plates collided during the Appalachian orogeny. The Cherokee name for Chimney Tops is ""Duniskwalgunyi"", or ""forked antler"", referring to its resemblance to the deer antlers. In the Cherokee legend ""Aganunitsi and the Uktena"", the captured medicine man, Aganunitsi, to free himself, searches remote parts of the Smokies to find the giant reptile, the Uktena, and seize an amulet from its forehead. In his"
"Lake Eacham Lake Eacham (originally Yidyam or Wiinggina) is a popular lake of volcanic origin on the Atherton Tableland of Queensland, Australia, within the World Heritage listed Wet Tropics of Queensland. Lake Eacham (""Yidyam"") was formed over 9,130 years ago when molten magma from the Earth's mantle rose to the surface and heated the water table. The steam that resulted from the boiling water was trapped underground, until massive explosions signalled its release. Huge cracks appeared in the ground and the trees that once lathed the mountainside were levelled and burnt. Eventually, after the eruptions, groundwater filled the crater and"
"Pako Guyot Pako Guyot (also known as Caiwei or Pallada after the .) is a guyot in the Pacific Ocean, which reaches a depth of . It has dimensions of and features a summit plateau wide with a shape corresponding to an irregular rectangle-triangle. It is part of the Magellan Seamounts. The seamount was volcanically active 91.3 million years ago and may have formed on a hotspot together with Ioah Guyot and Vlinder Guyot; a late phase of volcanism may have taken place in the Paleocene-Eocene. Volcanic rocks dredged from Pako are of sodium-potassium hawaiitic and trachybasaltic composition and geochemically"
"Three Wise Men (volcanoes) The Three Wise Men are a row of three seamounts (underwater volcanoes) located in the Pacific Ocean, on the East Pacific Rise. They are part of a large group of seamounts, collectively known as the Rano Raji. They stand at between and , and are named after the Biblical Magi or the ""three wise men"". The middle of the three is the tallest and also the flattest at its top. The southern one is similar to its larger neighbor, but slightly shorter. The northern one is the middle of the two, with a large caldera and"
"earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean called the Pacific Ring of Fire. But because volcanoes in Western and Northern Canada are in remote rugged areas and the level of volcanic activity is less frequent than with other volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean, Canada is commonly thought to occupy a gap in the Pacific Ring of Fire between the volcanoes of western United States to the south and the Aleutian volcanoes of Alaska to the north. However, the mountainous landscape of Western and Northern Canada includes more than 100 volcanoes that have been active during the past two million years and whose"
"domes. They are commonly called ""ticks"" because they appear as domes with numerous ""legs"". They are thought to have undergone mass wasting events such as landslides on their margins. Sometimes deposits of debris can be seen scattered around them. On Earth, volcanoes are mainly of two types: shield volcanoes and composite or stratovolcanoes. The shield volcanoes, for example those in Hawaii, eject magma from the depths of the Earth in zones called ""hot spots"". The lava from these volcanos is relatively fluid and permits the escape of gases. Composite volcanos, such as Mount Saint Helens and Mount Pinatubo, are associated"
"Cheeseman Island Cheeseman Island is a rocky volcanic island in the southwest Pacific Ocean (located at ). It is named after Thomas Frederick Cheeseman of the Auckland Museum - who was on board the New Zealand Government steamer 'Stella' when it visited the island in 1887. Partly named after Matthew Cheeseman who was first to map the island with his brother. It neighbours Curtis Island to the east and lies about south of Macauley Island. They are part of the Kermadec Islands, an outlying island group of New Zealand, located halfway between New Zealand's North Island and the nation of"
"the profiles have large gaps in them, leaving open the possibility that it may represent the activity of more than one volcano. The name ""Tamu"" is taken from the initials of Texas A&M University, where William Sager, a geology professor at the University of Houston and one of the lead scientists studying the volcano, previously taught. Massif, which means ""massive"" in French, is a large mountain or a section of the planet's crust that is demarcated by faults and flexures. Informational notes Citations Tamu Massif Tamu Massif is an extinct submarine shield volcano located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The"
"displays no active hydrothermal system. Adams Seamount Adams Seamount is a submarine volcano above the Pitcairn hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean about southwest of Pitcairn Island. Adams is part of a field of about 90 seamounts east-southeast away from Pitcairn Island, and the largest of these. Adams lies southeast of another large seamount, Bounty Seamount. Most of these seamounts except for Adams and Bounty are less than high. They were discovered in 1989 by the RV Sonne research ship. It is a conical seamount rising from the sea floor to about below the surface of the ocean. The total"
"industry. The volcano was created by a subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Australian Plate. It is still unknown when the Brothers Volcano last erupted, but the crater walls tell us that its last eruption was so explosive that it caused the volcano to blow out a caldera. A joint expedition by the United States, New Zealand and Germany mapped the volcano in detail in 2007. Submarine volcanoes are not monitored by any organization, but have become a central interest in current expeditions. Brothers Volcano The Brothers Volcano is a Pacific Ocean submarine volcano in the Kermadec Arc, 340"
"Orca Seamount Orca Seamount is a seamount (underwater volcano) near King George Island in Antarctica, in the Bransfield Strait. While it is inactive. However last volcanic activity at Orca Seamount is judged to have occurred in the recent past as there are temperature anomalies in the seawater around at the seamount. Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms organism have been fount at the seamount. The crater rim is about 3 km wide and about 500 m above the ocean floor. The seamount was first named by Professor O. González-Ferrán of Chile in 1987, after the orca (killer whale) often sighted in these"