Where in the human body can you find the 'Choroid'?
"the end arterioles and not anastomoses. This is clinically significant for diseases affecting choroidal blood supply. The macula responsible for central vision and the anterior part of the optic nerve are dependent on choroidal blood supply. Teleosts bear a body of capillary adjacent to the optic nerve called the choroidal gland. Though its function is not known, it is believed to be a supplemental oxygen carrier. Melanin, a dark colored pigment, helps the choroid limit uncontrolled reflection within the eye that would potentially result in the perception of confusing images. In humans and most other primates, melanin occurs throughout the"
"usage. Choroid plexus The choroid plexus is a plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells. There are four choroid plexuses in the brain, one in each of the ventricles. Choroid plexus is present in all parts of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct, the frontal horn and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricles. The choroid plexus consists of a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. The epithelium of the choroid plexus is continuous with"
"Choroid plexus The choroid plexus is a plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The choroid plexus consists of modified ependymal cells. There are four choroid plexuses in the brain, one in each of the ventricles. Choroid plexus is present in all parts of the ventricular system except for the cerebral aqueduct, the frontal horn and the occipital horn of the lateral ventricles. The choroid plexus consists of a layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. The epithelium of the choroid plexus is continuous with the"
"Choroid plexus papilloma Choroid plexus papilloma, also known as papilloma of choroid plexus, is a rare benign neuroepithelial intraventricular WHO grade I lesion found in the choroid plexus. It leads to increased cerebrospinal fluid production, thus causing increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. Choroid plexus papilloma occurs in the lateral ventricles of children and in the fourth ventricle of adults. This is unlike most other pediatric tumors and adult tumors, in which the locations of the tumors is reversed. In children, brain tumors are usually found in the infratentorial region and in adults, brain tumors are usually found in the supratentorial"
"tail, and fins of tadpoles. Iodine, via iodolipids, has favored the evolution of terrestrial animal species and has likely played a crucial role in the evolution of the human brain. Thyroid The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, is an endocrine gland in the neck, consisting of two lobes connected by an . It is found at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, which primarily influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis. The hormones also have many other effects including those on development. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T)"
"Choroidal fissure The choroid is the middle, vascular coat of the eye which resides between the sclera and the retina. Early in development the choroidal fissure is a groove that extends along the ventral aspect of the optic stalk. In effect, it is a continuation of the invagination that forms the optic cup during early development in amniotes. For a period of time this groove extends to the closing lips of the optic cup. During development it is through the choroidal fissure that the retinal vessels enter and leave the eye. While optic neural components (e.g. axons arising from retinal"
"Thyroid The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, is an endocrine gland in the neck, consisting of two lobes connected by an . It is found at the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones, which primarily influence the metabolic rate and protein synthesis. The hormones also have many other effects including those on development. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T) are created from iodine and tyrosine. The thyroid also produces the hormone calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis. Hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone"
"Chordin Chordin is a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist composed of four small cysteine-rich domains, whose function is not known. In humans, the chordin peptide is encoded by the ""CHRD"" gene. Chordin was originally identified in the African clawed frog (""Xenopus laevis"") in the laboratory of Edward M. De Robertis as a key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues. The Chordin polypeptide is 941 amino acids long and 120 kDa large. There are five named isoforms of this protein that are produced by alternative splicing. It dorsalizes the developing embryo by binding ventralizing TGFβ proteins such as bone morphogenetic"
"Choroid plexus tumor Choroid plexus tumors are a rare type of cancer that occur from the brain tissue called choroid plexus of the brain. These tumors usually occur in children younger than 2 years and are classified according to the WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system: Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the tumor and typically include headaches, nausea and vomiting, irritability, and decreased energy. In order to remove it completely, surgery may be an option.It relieves the hydrocephalus (excess water in the brain) about half of the time. Another treatment is chemotherapy,"
"chloride (Cl) for bicarbonate (HCO) across a plasma membrane in the chloride cells of freshwater fish. By phylogenetic analysis, pendrin has been found to be a close relative of prestin present on the hair cells or organ of corti in the inner ear. Prestin is primarily an electromechanical transducer but pendrin is an ion transporter. Pendrin is an ion exchanger found in many types of cells in the body. High levels of pendrin expression have been identified in the inner ear and thyroid. In the thyroid, pendrin mediates a component of the efflux of iodide across the apical membrane of"
"years after onset. Chorea acanthocytosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ""VPS13A"", also called ""CHAC"", on chromosome 9q21. The gene encodes the protein Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13A, also known as chorein. The protein's function is unknown. Chorea acanthocytosis is characterised by dystonia, chorea and progressive cognitive, behavioural changes and seizures. Strikingly, many people with chorea acanthocytosis uncontrollably bite their tongue, lips, and the inside of the mouth. Eye movement abnormalities are also seen. There are about 500–1,000 cases of chorea acanthocytosis worldwide and it is not specific to any particular ethnic group. McLeod syndrome is"
"Carotid body The carotid body (""carotid glomus"" or ""glomus caroticum"") is a small cluster of chemoreceptors and supporting cells located near the fork (bifurcation) of the carotid artery (which runs along both sides of the throat). The carotid body detects changes in the composition of arterial blood flowing through it, mainly the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, but also of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. The carotid body is made up of two types of cells, called glomus cells: glomus type I cells are peripheral chemoreceptors, and glomus type II cells are"
"recommended for patients with severe problem. Choroid plexus tumor Choroid plexus tumors are a rare type of cancer that occur from the brain tissue called choroid plexus of the brain. These tumors usually occur in children younger than 2 years and are classified according to the WHO classification of the tumors of the central nervous system: Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the tumor and typically include headaches, nausea and vomiting, irritability, and decreased energy. In order to remove it completely, surgery may be an option.It relieves the hydrocephalus (excess water in the brain) about half of"
"Choroid plexus cyst Choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are cysts that occur within choroid plexus of the brain. The brain contains pockets or spaces called ventricles with a spongy layer of cells and blood vessels called the choroid plexus. This is in the middle of the fetal brain. The choroid plexus has the important function of producing cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid produced by the cells of the choroid plexus fills the ventricles and then flows around the brain and the spinal cord to provide a cushion of fluid around these structures. CPCs can form within this structure and come from fluid"
"Tela choroidea The tela choroidea (or tela chorioidea) is a region of meningeal pia mater and underlying ependyma that gives rise to the choroid plexus in each of the brain’s four ventricles. ""Tela"" is Latin for ""woven"" and is used to describe a web-like membrane or layer. The tela choroidea is a very thin part of the loose connective tissue of pia mater that overlies and closely adheres to the ependyma with no intervening tissue. It has a rich blood supply. The ependyma and vascular pia mater that make up the tela choroidea form regions of minute projections known as"
"a choroid plexus that projects into each ventricle. The choroid plexus produces the cerebrospinal fluid of the ventricular system. The tela choroidea in the ventricles forms from different parts of the roof plate in the development of the embryo. In the lateral ventricles the tela choroidea–a double-layered fold of pia mater and ependyma, produces the choroid fissure (also known as the choroidal fissure). The choroid fissure is C-shaped, runs between the fornix and the thalamus in the body of the ventricle, and between the stria terminalis and hippocampal fimbria in the inferior horn, and is the location of the attachment"
"occurs. Chordin Chordin is a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist composed of four small cysteine-rich domains, whose function is not known. In humans, the chordin peptide is encoded by the ""CHRD"" gene. Chordin was originally identified in the African clawed frog (""Xenopus laevis"") in the laboratory of Edward M. De Robertis as a key developmental protein that dorsalizes early vertebrate embryonic tissues. The Chordin polypeptide is 941 amino acids long and 120 kDa large. There are five named isoforms of this protein that are produced by alternative splicing. It dorsalizes the developing embryo by binding ventralizing TGFβ proteins such as bone"
"cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees. Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ ""thorax"" ""breastplate, cuirass, corslet"" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the"
"The arteries carrying blood into the choroid plexuses are: Medial posterior choroidal branches run forward beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, and supply the tela chorioidea of the third ventricle and the choroid plexus. Tela choroidea The tela choroidea (or tela chorioidea) is a region of meningeal pia mater and underlying ependyma that gives rise to the choroid plexus in each of the brain’s four ventricles. ""Tela"" is Latin for ""woven"" and is used to describe a web-like membrane or layer. The tela choroidea is a very thin part of the loose connective tissue of pia mater that overlies"
"called colloid, containing thyroglobulin, a precursor to other thyroid hormones, which are manufactured within the colloid. The thyroid hormones increase the rate of cellular metabolism, and include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Secretion is stimulated by the hormone TSH, secreted by the anterior pituitary. When thyroid levels are high, there is negative feedback that decreases the amount of TSH secreted. Most T4 is converted to T3 (a more active form) in the target tissues. Calcitonin, produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to rising blood calcium levels, depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption"
"found in the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. The term ""sclereid"" was introduced by Alexander Tschirch in 1885. Sclereids are created through belated sclerosis of parenchyma cells or can arise from sclereid primordia that are individualized early in development. Sclerification typically involves thickening of the cell wall, increasing rigidity. In the phloem, when tissue ceases to function in conduction cells may begin sclerification. In vascular tissue, sclereids will develop from cambial and procambial cells. In the vascular region of the stem of ""Hoya carnosa"", a column of sclereids can be found, and in the pith of stems of ""Hoya"""
"vertebrates. In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes. In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands – that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species. In larval"
"of metabolic waste from the brain and exchange of biomolecules and xenobiotics into and out of the brain. In this way the choroid plexus has a very important role in helping to maintain the delicate extracellular environment required by the brain to function optimally. The choroid plexus is also a major source of transferrin secretion that plays a part in iron homeostasis in the brain. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) is a fluid–brain barrier that is composed of a pair of membranes that separate blood from CSF and CSF from brain tissue. The blood–CSF boundary at the choroid plexus is"
"Suprachoroid lamina The choroid consists mainly of a dense capillary plexus, and of small arteries and veins carrying blood to and returning it from this plexus. On its external surface is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellae—each lamella consisting of a network of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. During embryological development, it is derived from the neural crest. The spaces between the lamellæ are lined by endothelium, and open freely into the perichoroidal lymph space, which, in its turn, communicates with the periscleral space by the perforations in the sclera through"
"ear ringing and dizziness. Choroid plexus papillomas are benign tumors that are usually cured by surgery; malignant progression has been rarely reported. Choroid plexus papilloma Choroid plexus papilloma, also known as papilloma of choroid plexus, is a rare benign neuroepithelial intraventricular WHO grade I lesion found in the choroid plexus. It leads to increased cerebrospinal fluid production, thus causing increased intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus. Choroid plexus papilloma occurs in the lateral ventricles of children and in the fourth ventricle of adults. This is unlike most other pediatric tumors and adult tumors, in which the locations of the tumors is reversed."
"which the vessels and nerves are transmitted. Suprachoroid lamina The choroid consists mainly of a dense capillary plexus, and of small arteries and veins carrying blood to and returning it from this plexus. On its external surface is a thin membrane, the suprachoroid lamina, composed of delicate non-vascular lamellae—each lamella consisting of a network of fine elastic fibers among which are branched pigment cells. During embryological development, it is derived from the neural crest. The spaces between the lamellæ are lined by endothelium, and open freely into the perichoroidal lymph space, which, in its turn, communicates with the periscleral space"
"to antigens within photoreceptors, RPE, or choroid. Punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) is an inflammatory choroiditis which occurs mainly in young females. Symptoms include blurred vision and scotomas. . Gray-white or yellow lesions are mainly present in the posterior pole and are between 100 and 300 micrometres in size. PIC is one of the so-called White dot syndromes which come under the heading posterior uveitis.The appearance of punctate (punched out) areas is at the level of the inner choroid. These lesions are typically located centrally at the back of the eye (posterior pole). Serpiginous choroiditis, also known as geographic or helicoid"
"a number of substances, the BCSFB is the primary site of entry into brain tissue. The blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier has also been shown to modulate the entry of leukocytes from the blood to the central nervous system. The choroid plexus cells secrete cytokines that recruit monocyte-derived macrophages, among other cells, to the brain. This cellular trafficking has implications both in normal brain homeostasis as in neuroinflammatory processes. During embryological development, some fetuses may form choroid plexus cysts. These fluid-filled cysts can be detected by a detailed second trimester ultrasound. The finding is relatively common, with a prevalence of ~1%. Choroid"
"Thorax The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ ""thorax"" ""breastplate, cuirass, corslet"" via ) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen. The thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain. In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along"
"chordal furrow) the margins of which anastomose (come into contact), and so convert it into a solid rod of polygonal-shaped cells (the notochord) which is then separated from the endoderm. In vertebrates, it extends throughout the entire length of the future vertebral column, and reaches as far as the anterior end of the midbrain, where it ends in a hook-like extremity in the region of the future dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone. Initially it exists between the neural tube and the endoderm of the yolk-sac, but soon becomes separated from them by the mesoderm, which grows medially and surrounds"
"karyotypes associated with choroid plexus systs are trisomy 18, while the remainder are trisomy 21. There are three graded types of choroid plexus tumor that mainly affect young children. These malignant neoplasms are rare. Choroid plexus translates from the Latin plexus chorioides, which mirrors Ancient Greek χοριοειδές πλέγμα. The word ""chorion"" was used by Galen to refer to the outer membrane enclosing the fetus. Both meanings of the word plexus are given as pleating, or braiding. As often happens language changes and the use of both ""choroid"" or ""chorioid"" is both accepted. Nomina Anatomica (now Terminologia Anatomica) reflected this dual"
"ganglion cells in the sensory retina) do not lie in the groove that is the choroid fissure, they do extend through the portions of the optic stalk that form the walls of the fissure. These axons will form the optic nerve. The fissure is eventually sealed when the lips of the optic cup, as well as the edges of the groove in the optic stalk, fuse. Failure of this fissure to close results in coloboma iridis. Choroidal fissure The choroid is the middle, vascular coat of the eye which resides between the sclera and the retina. Early in development the"
"Coracoid A coracoid is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (which is to say marsupials and placentals). In therian mammals (including humans), a coracoid process is present as part of the scapula, but this is not homologous with the coracoid bone of most other animals. In other tetrapods it joins the scapula to the front end of the sternum and has a notch on the dorsal surface which, along with a similar notch on the ventral surface of the scapula, forms the socket in which the proximal end of the"