"it over a fire and then applied with a brush. Greeks and Romans later used animal and fish glue to develop veneering and marquetry, the bonding of thin sections or layers of wood. Animal glue, known as taurokolla in Greek and gluten taurinum in Latin, were made from the skins of bulls in antiquity. Broken pottery might also be repaired with the use of animal glues, filling the cracks to hide imperfections. About 906–618 BC, China utilized fish, ox, and stag horns to produce adhesives and binders for pigments. Animal glues were employed as binders in paint media during the"
"Lederhosen Lederhosen (; , ""leather breeches""; singular in German usage: ""Lederhose"") are breeches made of leather; they may be either short or knee-length. The longer ones are generally called ""Bundhosen"" or ""Kniebundhosen"". Once common workwear across Central Europe, they are now considered a folk costume associated particularly with Bavaria and Austria. Formerly, lederhosen were worn for hard physical work; they were more durable than a fabric garment. Today, they are mostly worn as leisurewear. Today, lederhosen and dirndl attire is common at Oktoberfest events around the world. Lederhosen were once widespread among men of the Alpine and surrounding regions, including"
"Leeuwenhosen Leeuwenhosen (singular ""leeuwenhose"") are orange-colored, lion-tailed overalls distributed by the Bavaria Brewery, a popular Dutch beer brewery, during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The concept was realized by Peer Swinkels, the chairman of Bavaria. The leeuwenhosen may have been inspired by the coincidence that the Dutch team's icon is a lion, as is the 2006 FIFA World Cup mascot Goleo VI. The word ""leeuwenhosen"" is a mix of the Dutch word for ""lions"" and the German word for ""trousers"", in the same style as the German article of clothing called lederhosen, meaning ""leather trousers"". During the 2006 FIFA World"
"Bavarian Mountain Hound The Bavarian Mountain Hound (German = ""Bayerischer Gebirgsschweißhund"") is a breed of dog from Germany. As a scent hound, it has been used in Germany since the early 20th century to trail wounded game. It is a cross between the Bavarian Hound and the Hanover Hound. The Bavarian Mountain Hound's head is strong and elongated. The skull is relatively broad and slightly domed. It has a pronounced stop and a slightly curved nosebridge. The muzzle should be broad with solid jaws, and its lips fully covering the mouth. Its nose is black or dark red with wide"
"Bayrische Gebirgsschweißhunde"", (Club for Bavarian Mountain hound), was founded in Munich. Afterwards, this breed started gaining popularity in Austria and Hungary. Bavarian Mountain Hound The Bavarian Mountain Hound (German = ""Bayerischer Gebirgsschweißhund"") is a breed of dog from Germany. As a scent hound, it has been used in Germany since the early 20th century to trail wounded game. It is a cross between the Bavarian Hound and the Hanover Hound. The Bavarian Mountain Hound's head is strong and elongated. The skull is relatively broad and slightly domed. It has a pronounced stop and a slightly curved nosebridge. The muzzle should"
"sold to Bavaria by ITV pundit Robbie Earle, who was sacked by the network for the incident. Leeuwenhosen Leeuwenhosen (singular ""leeuwenhose"") are orange-colored, lion-tailed overalls distributed by the Bavaria Brewery, a popular Dutch beer brewery, during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The concept was realized by Peer Swinkels, the chairman of Bavaria. The leeuwenhosen may have been inspired by the coincidence that the Dutch team's icon is a lion, as is the 2006 FIFA World Cup mascot Goleo VI. The word ""leeuwenhosen"" is a mix of the Dutch word for ""lions"" and the German word for ""trousers"", in the same"
"part of their official uniform. Lederhosen were also worn by Austrian boys from the 1930s to the 1970s. Today they are worn on special occasions, such as a Biergarten or Zeltfest. Girls wear the Dirndl, which is part of Austrian Tracht. Lederhosen Lederhosen (; , ""leather breeches""; singular in German usage: ""Lederhose"") are breeches made of leather; they may be either short or knee-length. The longer ones are generally called ""Bundhosen"" or ""Kniebundhosen"". Once common workwear across Central Europe, they are now considered a folk costume associated particularly with Bavaria and Austria. Formerly, lederhosen were worn for hard physical work;"
"Straw bear A straw bear (German: ""Strohbär"", plural ""Strohbären"") is a traditional character that appears in carnival processions or as a separate seasonal custom in parts of Germany, mainly at Shrovetide but sometimes at Candlemas or Christmas Eve. The people playing the bears either dress in costumes made of straw, or are actually wrapped in straw. The straw used may be that of wheat, rye, oats, spelt or peastraw; twigs and modern artificial materials have also been used. The bears may be relatively realistic in appearance, with detailed masks, or fully rounded headpieces, or they may be more abstract, with"
"has become a part of many alpine Trachten. Nonetheless the Haferlschuh is still worn as an everyday shoe, and not just for special occasions like the Oktoberfest. Haferlschuh The Haferlschuh () is the traditional Bavarian shoe. It was designed originally as a work shoe for alpine terrain, but it developed into a timeless classic. In Bavaria it may also be called a ""Bundschuh"". In Austria, it is known as a ""Schützenschuh."" According to legend, in 1803 Franz Schratt, an alpine shoemaker from Oberstdorf (located in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps), developed the Haferlschuh inspired by the goat hoof."
"and dark-green velour hats. In most cases, the hats are adorned with a Gamsbart, the beard of a Gemse, or chamois; despite its name, it is harvested from the manes of Bavarian mountain goats. The costume is completed by either traditional Wadenstrümpfe (calf socks) or full-length Kniestrümpfe, as well as leather Haferlschuhe. When they travel, the Bavarian Schuhplattlers take not only their costumes, but a wide assortment of props—their scythes, axes, saws, hammers, chisels, lanterns, a Maibaum (maypole) for their special ""May Day"" dance, and in many cases a massive log or two for the Holzhackertanz (Wood Choppers Dance). As"
"Charivari (decorative chain) Charivari (pronounced ""schariwari"") is a piece of traditional Bavarian costume jewellery made of solid silver or of rare silver-plated chain, adorned with trinkets, gemstone, coins (or possibly medals), horn discs, carved deer teeth, antlers, animal paws, badger hair, or other game teeth. The name charivari (from the Latin ""caribaria"" meaning ""mess"" or ""madness"") came into the German-speaking world during the Napoleonic era. At that time it had a secondary, more important, meaning of ""pandemonium"" or ""commotion"". This meaning has continued in both English and French until the present day. Bavarian men wear the charivari on the belt"
"mirror the page's proportions. Typographer Robert Bringhurst referred to the codex as a ""subtle piece of craftsmanship"". The folios are made of vellum parchment primarily from calf skins, secondarily from sheep skins. (Tischendorf himself thought that the parchment had been made from antelope skins, but modern microscopic examination has shown otherwise.) Most of the quires or signatures contain four sheets, save two containing five. It is estimated that the hides of about 360 animals were employed for making the folios of this codex. As for the cost of the material, time of scribes and binding, it equals the lifetime wages"
"Rasselbock The rasselbock or rarely raspelbock (""Hirculus crepans austriae"")(in America called a Jackalope) is a mythological animal, often depicted in such locations as hunting lodges. It has the head and body of a rabbit, and the antlers of a roe deer. The female counterpart of the rasselbock is the Rasselgeiß, which have smaller antlers. Some rasselbocks have been known to be shown with canine teeth, unlike other hares and rabbits. The young animals are called Waldrasslinge. Most alleged sightings are reported in the Thuringian Forest and in the Mark Brandenburg, but also in the Harz Mountains. Others are seen near"
"Wolpertinger In German folklore, a wolpertinger (also called wolperdinger or woiperdinger) is an animal said to inhabit the alpine forests of Bavaria in Germany. It has a body comprising various animal parts — generally wings, antlers, tails and fangs, all attached to the body of a small mammal. The most widespread description portrays the Wolpertinger as having the head of a rabbit, the body of a squirrel, the antlers of a deer, and the wings and occasionally the legs of a pheasant. Stuffed ""wolpertingers"", composed of parts of actual stuffed animals, are often displayed in inns or sold to tourists"
"Gamsbart The Gamsbart (German pronunciation ['gamsbɑːʁt], literally ""chamois beard"", plural Gamsbärte) is a tuft of hair traditionally worn as a decoration on trachten-hats in the alpine regions of Austria and Bavaria. Originally worn as a hunting trophy and made exclusively from hair from the chamois' lower neck, ""Gamsbärte"" are today manufactured on a large scale from various animals' hair and are commonly sold by specialized dealers and also at souvenir shops. A ""Gamsbart"" is made by enclosing the lower end of the tuft of hair in a setting of metal or horn that allows the upper end to spread in"
"Bavarian Warmblood The Bavarian Warmblood is a horse breed of southern Germany that developed from an older Bavarian heavy warmblood breed called the Rottaler. Since mechanization in the mid-20th century, the Bavarian Regional Horse Breeders' Society has concentrated on producing a riding horse for the Olympic disciplines and recreational riding based on other European warmblood bloodlines. The easiest way to recognize a Bavarian Warmblood is by the brand on the left thigh, which is a crowned shield outside the letter ""B"". All colors are permitted, though dark, solid colors are preferred. The ideal height is between . Bavarian Warmbloods are"
"British archaeologist Jacqui Wood says that Ötzi's ""shoes"" were actually the upper part of snowshoes. According to this theory, the item currently interpreted as part of a ""backpack"" is actually the wood frame and netting of one snowshoe and animal hide to cover the face. The leather loincloth and hide coat were made from sheepskin. Genetic analysis showed that the sheep species was nearer to modern domestic European sheep than to wild sheep; the items were made from the skins of at least four animals. Part of the coat was made from domesticated goat belonging to a mitochondrial haplogroup (a"
"Bavaria, Austria, the Allgäu, Switzerland, and the autonomous Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (formerly part of Austria-Hungary). But they were not usually worn in southwestern Germany or Switzerland. ""La Couturière Parisienne"", however, claims that lederhosen were originally not exclusively a Bavarian garment but were worn all over Europe, especially by riders, hunters, and other people involved in outdoor activities. The flap (""drop front"") may have been a unique Bavarian invention. The drop-front style became so popular in the 18th century that it was known in France as ""à la bavaroise,"" ""in the Bavarian style."" The popularity of lederhosen in Bavaria"
"the festival since 1841. No Piercings und Tattoos. Women: no long open hairs. Stuttgart, the state capital of Baden Württemberg, will celebrate a quite special double jubilee together with the federal state in 2018 – 200 years Cannstatter Volksfest and the 100th “Landwirtschaftliches Hauptfest” – by holding a Historical Volksfest in the heart of the city. Swabian-Hall swine The Swabian-Hall swine (""Schwäbisch-Hällische Landschwein"") is a breed of domestic pig originating from Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is a large pig, white in the centre with a black head and rear and narrow grey bands at the transition from white"
"German Whiteheaded Mutton The German Whiteheaded Mutton (German: ""Weißköpfiges Fleischschaf"") is a breed of sheep developed to live along the North Sea coast of Germany. It is a dual-use breed used for both its fine wool and meat production. They often graze along the North Sea dikes in Northern Europe. As per its name, the German Whitehead Mutton originated in Germany. It was bred in the mid-20th century by crossing the British breeds English Leicester, Cotswold, Hampshire, and Oxford with the local Wilstermarschscha marsh sheep. The breed has been further improved by cross-breeding it with other varieties, primarily the Dutch"
"Retour de Martin Guerre"" (1982) and the history, ""The Return of Martin Guerre"", by the American history professor Natalie Zemon Davis. With the charivari widely practised among rural villagers across Europe, the term and practice were part of common culture. Over time, the word was applied to other items. In Bavaria, ""charivari"" was adopted as the name for the silver ornaments worn with Lederhosen; the items consist of small trophies from game, like teeth from wild boar, or deer, jaws and fangs from foxes and various marters, feathers and claws from jaybirds and bird of prey. A Bavarian Charivari resembles"
"however, usually depicts the Moor wearing a white band around his head instead of a crown, indicating a slave who has been freed; whereas in German heraldry the Moor is shown wearing a crown. The Moor's head is common in the Bavarian tradition and is known as the ""caput Ethiopicum"" or the ""Moor of Freising"". A legend states that while traveling to Rome, Saint Corbinian's pack horse was killed by a bear. He commanded the bear to carry the load. Once he arrived, he released it from his service, and it returned to Bavaria. The implication is that ""Christianity tamed"
"Teddy-Hermann Teddy-Hermann GmbH is an international manufacturer of teddy bears and other plush toys based in Hirschaid, Germany. Teddy-Hermann is one of the oldest teddy bear producers in Germany. Its products are highly valued among collectors. The main products of Teddy-Hermann are teddy bears and other plush animals, including among others cats, dogs, monkeys, and birds. The company groups its products into three main lines: Hermann Teddy Original, Hermann Teddy Miniaturen, and Hermann Teddy Collection. The Hermann Teddy Original line is directed toward collectors and encompasses traditional and designer teddy bears as well as other animals, all of which are"
"dropped sharply in the 19th century. They began to be considered as uncultured peasants' clothing that was not fitting for modern city-dwellers. However, in the 1880s a resurgence set in, and several clubs were founded in Munich and other large cities devoted to preserving traditional rural clothing styles. The conception of lederhosen as a quintessentially Bavarian garment that is worn at festive occasions rather than at work dates largely from this time. Lederhosen have remained regionally popular and are popularly associated with virility and brawn. Some men wear them when gardening, hiking, working outdoors, or attending folk festivals or beer"
"end of the day on which they were used. This still happens in some places. Straw bear A straw bear (German: ""Strohbär"", plural ""Strohbären"") is a traditional character that appears in carnival processions or as a separate seasonal custom in parts of Germany, mainly at Shrovetide but sometimes at Candlemas or Christmas Eve. The people playing the bears either dress in costumes made of straw, or are actually wrapped in straw. The straw used may be that of wheat, rye, oats, spelt or peastraw; twigs and modern artificial materials have also been used. The bears may be relatively realistic in"
"the processing of certain parts of animals for food has been prohibited since a couple of years ago. Bregenwurst Bregenwurst (also Brägenwurst) is a specialty sausage of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt traditionally made of pork, pork belly, and pig or cattle brain. It is eaten raw or after being stewed, giving it a spreadable consistency once broken from its casing, and is served with ""Grünkohl"" (kale) mainly in the cold season of the year and particularly in Northern Germany. The name ""Bregenwurst"" comes from the Low German word for ""brain"", which can be written either as ""Bregen"" or ""Brägen"". Despite"
"has been depicted as ""king of the jungle"" and ""king of beasts"", and thus became a popular symbol for royalty and stateliness. Depictions of lions are known from the Upper Paleolithic period. Carvings and paintings of lions discovered in the Lascaux and Chauvet Caves in France have been dated to 15,000 to 17,000 years old. A lioness-headed ivory carving found in Vogelherd cave in the Swabian Alb, south-west Germany, is dubbed ""Löwenmensch"" (lion-human) in German. The sculpture has been dated to least 32,000 years old – and as early as 40,000 years ago – and originated from the Aurignacian culture."
"Lion-man The Löwenmensch figurine or Lion-man of the Hohlenstein-Stadel is a prehistoric ivory sculpture that was discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave in 1939. The German name, Löwenmensch meaning ""lion-human"", is used most frequently because it was discovered and is exhibited in Germany. The lion-headed figurine is the oldest-known zoomorphic (animal-shaped) sculpture in the world, and the oldest-known uncontested example of figurative art. It has been determined by carbon dating of the layer in which it was found to be between 35,000 and 40,000 years old, and therefore is associated with the archaeological Aurignacian culture of the Upper Paleolithic."
"not really reflect the intention of Klenze and Schwanthaler. The lion always had a firm place in heraldry for the rulers of Bavaria, as Counts of the Rhine Palatinate the House of Wittelsbach had included it in its coat of arms since the High Middle Ages. In addition, two rampant lions served as supporters in the Bavarian coat of arms from the earliest times. The art historian Manfred F. Fischer is, however, of the opinion that the lion next to the ""Bavaria"" statue is not only conceived as Bavaria’s heraldic animal, but along with the drawn sword is meant to"
"of the century, a popular resurgence of Krampus celebrations occurred and continues today. The Krampus tradition is being revived in Bavaria as well, along with a local artistic tradition of hand-carved wooden masks. Although Krampus appears in many variations, most share some common physical characteristics. He is hairy, usually brown or black, and has the cloven hooves and horns of a goat. His long, pointed tongue lolls out, and he has fangs. Krampus carries chains, thought to symbolize the binding of the Devil by the Christian Church. He thrashes the chains for dramatic effect. The chains are sometimes accompanied with"
"Oldenburg breed. The German Whiteheaded Mutton is listed as a class III endangered livestock breed according to GEH. There is an estimated world population of roughly 182 rams and 1,734 ewes remaining. German Whiteheaded Mutton The German Whiteheaded Mutton (German: ""Weißköpfiges Fleischschaf"") is a breed of sheep developed to live along the North Sea coast of Germany. It is a dual-use breed used for both its fine wool and meat production. They often graze along the North Sea dikes in Northern Europe. As per its name, the German Whitehead Mutton originated in Germany. It was bred in the mid-20th century"
"common female ancestor) that inhabits central Europe today. The coat was made from several animals from two different species and was stitched together with hides available at the time. The leggings were made from domesticated goat leather. A similar set of 6,500-year-old leggings discovered in Switzerland were made from goat leather which may indicate the goat leather was specifically chosen. Shoelaces were made from the European genetic population of cattle. The quiver was made from wild roe deer, the fur hat was made from a genetic lineage of brown bear which lives in the region today. Writing in the journal"
"poachers. A Gamsbart, literally ""chamois beard"", a tuft of hair traditionally worn as a decoration on trachten-hats in the alpine regions of Austria and Bavaria formerly was worn as a hunting (and poaching) trophy. In the past, it was made exclusively from hair from the chamois' lower neck. Members of the ""Rhino Rescue Project"" have implemented a technique to combat rhino poaching in South Africa by injecting a mixture of indelible dye and a parasiticide into the animals' horns, which enables tracking of the horns and deters consumption of the horn by purchasers. Since rhino horn is made of keratin,"