"Inside Macintosh Inside Macintosh is the name of the developer documentation manuals published by Apple Computer, documenting the APIs and machine architecture of the Macintosh computer. The first documentation for the original 1984 Macintosh was available only in the form of photocopied sheets that could be obtained from Apple. A ""telephone-book"" version of Inside Macintosh was also available, which consisted of one 1000 page volume. It was sent as a promotional copy to developers. The 1000 page manual was sent out because the ""real"" version would take some time to print. In 1985, they were published by Addison-Wesley in the"
"British industry and he had such a genial personality. He had a tremendous way of putting things. He made a real difference and I was very grateful when he came back to this country."" Ian MacGregor Sir Ian Kinloch MacGregor, KBE (21 September 1912 – 13 April 1998) was a Scottish-American metallurgist and industrialist, most famous in the UK for his controversial tenure at British Steel Corporation and his conduct during the 1984–85 miners' strike while managing the National Coal Board. Born in Kinlochleven, Scotland, his parents were Daniel MacGregor, an accountant at the British Aluminium plant, and his wife"
"Agincourt"", and brought one of its architects, Arthur Scargill - until then, ""an obscure regional union official"" – to national prominence as ""a tribune of the working classes... hailed by ""Harper's & Queen"" as one of Britain's leaders of the future."" The national strike by coal miners began on 9 January 1972. It was the first official national miners' strike since the General Strike in 1926. The dispute arose from pay negotiations – the miners, led by Joe Gormley, initially asked for pay rises of between 35-47%, while the National Coal Board (NCB), under Derek Ezra, was only prepared to"
"Ian MacGregor Sir Ian Kinloch MacGregor, KBE (21 September 1912 – 13 April 1998) was a Scottish-American metallurgist and industrialist, most famous in the UK for his controversial tenure at British Steel Corporation and his conduct during the 1984–85 miners' strike while managing the National Coal Board. Born in Kinlochleven, Scotland, his parents were Daniel MacGregor, an accountant at the British Aluminium plant, and his wife Grace Alexanderina, ""née"" Fraser Maclean, a schoolteacher. MacGregor's parents were members of the Calvinist United Free Church and he received a devoutly Christian upbringing. During the UK General Strike of 1926, his elder brothers"
"spent time in Manchester during 1838-9 promoting the cause and his pamphlet. In 1842 the demands for fairer wages and conditions across many different industries finally exploded into the first modern general strike (the 1842 General Strike). After the second was presented to Parliament in April 1842 and rejected, the strike began in the coal mines of Staffordshire, England, and soon spread through Britain affecting factories, mills in Lancashire and coal mines from Dundee to South Wales and Cornwall. Instead of being a spontaneous uprising of the mutinous masses, the strike was politically motivated and was driven by a hard-headed"
"QPR chairman, and sold further shares in the club to Ecclestone, making Ecclestone the single largest shareholder. Mittal purchased the Irish Steel plant based in Cork, Ireland, from the government for a nominal fee of £1 million. Three years later, in 2001, it was closed, leaving 400 people redundant. Subsequent environmental issues at the site have been a cause for criticism. The government tried to sue in the High Court to have him pay for the clean-up of Cork Harbour but failed. The clean up was expected to cost €70 million. Mittal was born on 15 June 1950 in Sadulpur,"
"the UK: British Steel was privatised in 1988 by the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher. It merged with the Dutch steel producer ""Koninklijke Hoogovens"" to form Corus Group on 6 October 1999. Corus itself was taken over in March 2007 by the Indian steel operator Tata Steel. Ian MacGregor later became famous for his role as Chairman of the National Coal Board during the UK miners' strike (1984–1985). During the strike the ""Battle of Orgreave"" took place at British Steel's coking plant. In 1971 British Steel sponsored Sir Chay Blyth in his record-making non-stop circumnavigation against the winds and currents,"
"symbols, and the central feature is a large piece of coal trapped within twisted metal. The memorial serves to remind everyone, the human cost of which early miners and their families were only too aware of. Lundhill Colliery explosion The Lundhill Colliery explosion was a coal mining accident which took place on 19 February 1857 in Wombwell, Yorkshire, UK in which 189 men and boys aged between 10 and 59 died. It is one of the biggest industrial disasters in the country's history and it was caused by a firedamp explosion. It was the first disaster to appear on the"
"£180,000,000 the first coal was brought to the surface just one year later. The colliery was mass picketed during the 1984–1985 miners' strike during attempts by contractors to carry out building work at the pit. The colliery was bought by RJB Mining, later renamed UK Coal, in 1994. Silverwood Colliery, the adjacent mine, closed in 1994 but had good reserves which could be worked from Maltby. Uncertainties with contracts, notably with the electricity generators, production was stopped in 1997. The pit recommenced operations and coal was gained from both the Parkgate seam, which is estimated to be exhausted by 2014,"
"of the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd. Griffith was also the architect of the Walsh Island establishment. In 1915, Broken Hill Proprietary Company ventured into steel manufacturing with its operation in Newcastle, which was closed in 1999. The 'long products' side of the steel business was spun off to form OneSteel in 2000. BHP's decision to move from mining ore to open a steelworks at Newcastle was precipitated by the technical limitations in recovering value from mining the 'lower-lying sulphide ores'. The discovery of Iron Knob and Iron Monarch near the western shore of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia"
"matches. Mick's father Horace ""Horry"" Harvey moved to Broken Hill, New South Wales where he worked for BHP driving horse-drawn trailers. In 1914, he married Elsie May Bitmead and their first two children, daughter Rita and son Merv, were born in the mining town. The family relocated to Newcastle, a mining town and harbour in New South Wales, where Clarence Edgar Harvey—always known as Mick, as he was born on Saint Patrick's Day—and Harold were born. In 1926, the Harveys shifted to the inner-Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy, a staunchly working-class, industrial area. During their relocation, Ray was born in Sydney."
"Lundhill Colliery explosion The Lundhill Colliery explosion was a coal mining accident which took place on 19 February 1857 in Wombwell, Yorkshire, UK in which 189 men and boys aged between 10 and 59 died. It is one of the biggest industrial disasters in the country's history and it was caused by a firedamp explosion. It was the first disaster to appear on the front page of the London Illustrated Times. Wombwell was mainly a farming area with a small population prior to the opening of Lundhill Colliery. The pits however boosted the Wombwell economy and its population and became"
"at Chelsea Piers, which lasted three and a half weeks, in protest of the British Prime Minister's actions in relation to Irish Archbishop Daniel Mannix and the arrest of the Cork Mayor Terence MacSwiney. The strike spread to Brooklyn, New Jersey, and Boston and included Irish, Italian, and African-American workers. The strike at Chelsea Piers was termed ""the first purely political strike of workingmen in the history of the United States"" by ""The New York Sun"". Kelly died on 24 February 1934. Two years later, on 16 May 1936, New York Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia dedicated a playground to"
"born on 9 July 1949. He was working in Treforest, Mid Glamorgan as a taxi driver, driving a Ford Cortina for City Centre Cars, based in Bute Street, Cardiff. He was regularly engaged in driving non-striking miners to work, as the bitter industrial dispute had made them targets for physical retaliation by those miners who were on strike. The Merthyr Tydfil area was said to be the strongest in support of the strike of any mining area in Britain; it is situated in South Wales, where a large percentage of Britain's remaining coalmines were situated. There had not been much"
"in Sheffield. The Titanic company was wound up in 1874. By the 1960s the buildings had lost their roofs and many were bulldozed - the material being used as hardcore in the construction of the Severn Bridge. Darkhill Ironworks was finally sold by the brothers in 1864, to Samuel Morgan. By 1874 it was owned by the Severn & Wye Railway & Canal Co, who used part of the site to run their new railway across. In 1981 Darkhill was sold back to the Crown. The first coke-fired blast furnace had been constructed in 1709, at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, but"
"sold in London to provide relief for the striking miners. The news of the sale came to the attention of Samuel Richardson's son who bought the Bible back for one Guinea. The Bible is believed to be in the care of the descendants of Samuel Richardson. Minnie Pit Disaster The Minnie Pit disaster was a coal mining accident that took place on 12 January 1918 in Halmer End, Staffordshire, in which 155 men and boys died. The disaster, which was caused by an explosion due to firedamp, is the worst ever recorded in the North Staffordshire Coalfield. An official investigation"
"today's Midlothian started as a settlement of coal miners in the 18th century. In 1709, Midlothian produced the first commercially mined coal in the United States. Among other participants in the area's emerging coal business was Colonel Henry ""Harry"" Heth, a businessman who emigrated from England about 1759. He established offices at Norfolk and Manchester, where several generations of his family were also involved in the business. During the American Revolution, coal produced in the Midlothian coal pits supplied the cannon factory on the James River at Westham, upstream from Richmond; it produced shot and shells for the Continental Army."
"down test boreholes on the hill and Government Reserve to the west of the town, Parry finally chose a site for the first pit that enabled the use of an inclined plane railway to take the coal skips to the company's wharf on the Hunter River. Work at the mine began on 14/1/1832. The promised land grant of 2000 acres was marked out - now covered by Newcastle's suburbs of Cook's Hill and Hamilton. Sir Edward Parry in May 1832 was plunged into grief due to the death of his beloved and revered mother, which he learned of through Sydney"
"of the company in 1892 and was chairman of directors from 1907 to 1914. Highly encouraged by the Minister for Public Works, Arthur Hill Griffith, in 1915, the company ventured into steel manufacturing, with its operations based primarily in Newcastle, New South Wales. The decision to move from mining ore at Broken Hill to open a steelworks at Newcastle was due to the technical limitations in recovering value from mining the lower-lying sulphide ores. The discovery of Iron Knob and Iron Monarch near the western shore of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia combined with the development by the BHP"
"Strike in 1926. These all generally failed to bring about any improvement in pay and conditions. Following nationalisation in 1947 working conditions improved but pay fell behind national averages. Successful strikes in the early 1970s resulted in wage improvements but as the market for UK coal declined and collieries closed, tension between the miners and the government increased and in 1984 a large scale strike started. The colliery closure that started the strike was at Cortonwood in South Yorkshire. The strike's aim to preserve miners' jobs was not met as colliery closures continued. (A small mine in Scissett, Hay Royds"
"first registered brand, and world's oldest brand in existence. Elihu Thomson, born in Manchester who subsequently moved to America, formed Thomson-CSF which became Thales Group in 2000. The British part (British Thomson-Houston) would later become part of GEC; he invented the arc lamp. Henry Brunner from Liverpool would join with Ludwig Mond in the 1860s to form a chemical company which became ICI in 1926. Mossbay Steelworks in Workington, when opened in 1877, were the world's first large-scale steelworks; its austenitic manganese steel (mangalloy) was produced from 1877 until 1974, with Britain's railways converting from iron to steel by the"
"means to ""do better"". Much of the Industrial revolution in the United Kingdom began in Birmingham and the Black Country area of West Midlands. The Industrial Revolution is thought to have begun when Abraham Darby substituted coke in the place of charcoal to smelt iron, at his Old Furnace. The Black Country may be regarded as the world's first industrial landscape, while nearby Ironbridge Gorge claims to be the Birthplace of Industry. The world's first cast iron bridge in 1779 spans the Gorge. The first self-propelled locomotive to run on rails in 1803 at Coalbrookdale, was built by Richard Trevithick."
"Heath, which came into force on 1 January 1974, meaning that commercial users of electricity were limited to three specific consecutive days' consumption of electricity, and forbidden to work longer hours of those days, although services deemed essential were exempted from these regulations. Electricity blackouts across the country were widespread. There was also double-digit inflation during this period, which peaked at more than 20%. The trade deficit was massive and national debt was rising sharply. Edward Heath's offer of a 13% pay rise was rejected by the miners, and he then responded by calling a snap election on 28 February"
"it into his Carnegie Steel Company. A series of industrial disputes over wages, working hours and contracts occurred in the early years of the works, leading to the Homestead Strike, an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. The battle was one of the most violent disputes in U.S. labor history and the final result was a major defeat for the union and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers. In 1896, Carnegie built the Carnegie Library of Homestead in nearby Munhall"
"Coal and Iron Company who owned the Hewlett Pits, employed 981 men underground and 182 surface workers. In 1912 there was a minimum wage dispute at the pits, and soldiers and police were called in to defend the colliery. The last coal was raised at Hewlett on 1 January 1931. All the main buildings were demolished in 1933. The area was landscaped and returned to pasture in the early 1980s. A plaque on 552 Wigan Road (now the Saplings Day Nursery) reads: This is followed by the names of those killed, and the men who received military honours. The decision"
"her late brother, erected a school for the children of Blaenavon in his memory. The Blaenavon Endowed School was completed in 1816 initially had one hundred and twenty pupils and the first headmaster was Mr. John Caldwell. The educational initiative promoted by the Hopkins siblings provides one of the earliest examples of an industrialist family taking a leading role in the education of their workers’ children in Wales. In 1836 Robert William Kennard JP DL (1800–1870) formed the Blaenavon Coal and Iron Company in 1836, which subsequently bought the Blaenavon Ironworks.[4] There he employed his son, the noted civil engineer"
"Prince of Wales colliery in Abercarn exploded in 1878 causing 268 deaths. The Llanerch Colliery in Abersychan exploded in 1890 causing 176 deaths. The Albion Colliery in Cilfynydd exploded in 1894 causing 276 deaths. In the 20th century there were numerous further fatal accidents The Universal Colliery in Senghenydd had Britain's most fatal accident when it exploded in 1913 killing 431. In 1966, 116 children and 28 adults were killed in Aberfan when a coal spoil tip collapsed onto them. On 15 September 2011, seven miners were working a narrow seam at the Gleision Colliery drift mine in the Tawe"
"availability of oil. From 15,000 miners in 1947, Rhondda had just a single pit within the valleys producing coal in 1984, located at Maerdy. In 1966, the village of Aberfan in the Taff valley suffered one of the worst disasters in Welsh history. A mine waste tip on the top of the mountain, which had been developed over a spring, slid down the valley side and destroyed the village junior school, killing 144 people, 116 of them children. In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Her policies of free market economics soon clashed with the loss-making,"
"officer and has served a six-month prison sentence for the offence. The 2014 film ""Pride"", directed by Matthew Warchus, is based on a true story of a group of LGBT activists who raised funds to assist and support families in a Welsh mining village. David Peace's novel ""GB84"" is set during the strike. Val McDermid's novel ""A Darker Domain"" (2008) has a plotline set in the strike. Multiple reviewers gave the book acclaim for exploring its social and emotional repercussions. Kay Sutcliffe, the wife of a striking miner at Aylesham, wrote the poem ""Coal not Dole"", which became popular with"
"disaster occurred in Hamilton, Scotland on Saturday, 28 May 1887 when 73 miners died in a firedamp explosion at Udston Colliery. Caused, it is thought, by unauthorised shot firing the explosion is said to be Scotland's second worst coal mining disaster. Keir Hardie, then Secretary of the Scottish Miners' Federation, denounced the deaths as murder a few days later. In August 1918 a fire at Albany Buildings (an apartment block owned by the mining company John Watson Ltd) burned to the ground causing £10,000 of damage and leaving 24 families homeless. In September 1919 strike action in the Lanarkshire coal"
"mining in the area come from the 13th century. The Potteries Coalfield (part of the North Staffordshire Coalfield) covers . Striking coal miners in the Hanley and Longton area ignited the nationwide 1842 General Strike and its associated Pottery Riots. When coal mining was nationalised in 1947, about 20,000 men worked in the industry in Stoke-on-Trent. Notable Collieries included Hanley Deep Pit, Trentham Superpit (formerly Hem Heath, Stafford and Florence Collieries), Fenton Glebe, Silverdale, Victoria, Mossfield, Parkhall, Norton, Chatterley Whitfield and Wolstanton. The industry developed greatly, and new investments in mining projects were planned within the City boundaries as recently"
"of the vote, there was speculation that the army would be used to transport coal and man power stations. McGahey called in a speech for the army to disobey orders, and either stay in the barracks or join picket lines, if they were asked to break the strike. In response, 111 Labour MPs signed a statement to condemn McGahey. He responded ""You can't dig coal with bayonets."" Taken from . The strike began officially on 5 February and, two days later, Heath called the February 1974 general election while the three-day week was in force. His government emphasised the pay"
"Hulton Colliery Company sank Chequerbent Colliery in 1892 and Bank Pit Nos 1–4 between 1897 and 1901. The company mined the Trencherbone, Plodder and Arley seams. Bank Pit No 3, known as the Pretoria Pit, was the site of one Britain's worst coal-mining disasters when on 21 December 1910, 344 men and boys died in an explosion of firedamp. The Pretoria Pit Disaster was the third worst in British mining history, after the 1866 Barnsley Oaks Disaster in Yorkshire, and the 1913 Senghenydd Colliery Disaster in Glamorgan. A memorial erected in 1910 is grade II listed. In 1896 the Wigan"