"the ground is a ""gaggle""; when in flight, they are called a ""skein"", a ""team"", or a ""wedge""; when flying close together, they are called a ""plump"". The three living genera of true geese are: ""Anser"", grey geese, including the greylag goose, and domestic geese; ""Chen"", white geese (often included in ""Anser""); and ""Branta"", black geese, such as the Canada goose. Two genera of geese are only tentatively placed in the Anserinae; they may belong to the shelducks or form a subfamily on their own: ""Cereopsis"", the Cape Barren goose, and ""Cnemiornis"", the prehistoric New Zealand goose. Either these or,"
"Geese are monogamous, living in permanent pairs throughout the year; however, unlike most other permanently monogamous animals, they are territorial only during the short nesting season. Paired geese are more dominant and feed more, two factors that result in more young. Some mainly Southern Hemisphere birds are called ""geese"", most of which belong to the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae. These are: Others: Well-known sayings about geese include: Goose Geese are waterfowl of the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera ""Anser"" (the grey geese) and ""Branta"" (the black geese)."" Chen"", a genus comprising 'white geese', is sometimes used to refer to"
"Old English ""gōs"" with the plural ""gēs"" and ""gandres"" (becoming Modern English goose, geese, gander, and gosling, respectively), Frisian ""goes"", ""gies"" and ""guoske"", New High German ""Gans"", ""Gänse"", and ""Ganter"", and Old Norse ""gās"". This term also gave , (goose, from Old Irish ""géiss""), , Ancient (""khēn""), , (heron), Sanskrit ""hamsa"" and ""hamsi"", , Avestan ""zāō"", , , (""guska"" / ""gusak""), (""gusyna"" / ""gus""), , and (""ghāz""). The term ""goose"" applies to the female in particular, while ""gander"" applies to the male in particular. Young birds before fledging are called ""goslings"". The collective noun for a group of geese on"
"process often includes a flying duet, with the male chasing the female through the air; and, often the flock will contain many breeding pairs. One of the distinctive features of flying flocks of geese is their typical ""V"" or wedge-shaped formation, and the loud vocalizations which accompany them on their flight. A lone goose is somewhat of an anomaly in nature. Geese and their eggs have been used for food, their feathers for thermal insulation and other purposes, and their arrivals and departures as seasonal indicators. Human interactions with geese have often included hunting wild geese with projectile weapons, raising"
"is depicted in rock art from this period. Mimi figures are often shown holding goose-feather fans (Goodfellow & Stott, 2001; 2005). Magpie geese are unmistakable birds with their black and white plumage and yellowish legs. The feet are only partially webbed, and the magpie goose feeds on vegetable matter in the water, as well as on land. Males are larger than females. Unlike true geese, their moult is gradual, so no flightless period results. Their voice is a loud honking. This species is placed in the order Anseriformes, having the characteristic bill structure, but is considered to be distinct from"
"tend to be a seasonal presence, either as temporary, nomadic settlers in an area, or often as seasonal migrants whose flight path takes them over vast areas where they may or may not land to rest at night. Geese are large birds belong to the family of the Anatidae, subfamily of the Anserinae, and the tribe of the Anserini. The geese in the genus ""Anser"" have a Holarctic distribution, and include the grey geese. White geese sometimes are sometimes included in ""Anser"", and sometimes described as being in the genus ""Chen"", and their breeding areas are in subarctic areas of"
"in mid-air, but usually the much larger eagle is unable to capture ducks in flight. While somewhat less swift in flight, healthy geese can usually outpace a heavier eagle as well and one bean goose (""Anser fabalis"") was even recorded to have defended itself successfully against an eagle's attack even though this goose was injured. White-tailed eagles often hunt dabbling ducks and geese most successfully when they are molted into their eclipse plumage which renders them temporarily flightless. Swans during winter may find themselves forced to land due to their bulk on a sheet of ice over water if they"
"latter in order to being reassembled inside the Bulaq Museum. The full scene depicts six geese; three pointing to the left and three pointing to the right. Each group of three geese consists of one goose shown with his head bowed down, eating grass and two geese with their heads held up. The group of three animals actually represents many geese, as three represents the plural in Egyptian writing. There are differences in the plumage of the birds which break the overall symmetry of the scene. This example of Egyptian painting is considered a masterpiece.<br> A 2015 research paper by"
"Goose Geese are waterfowl of the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera ""Anser"" (the grey geese) and ""Branta"" (the black geese)."" Chen"", a genus comprising 'white geese', is sometimes used to refer to a group of species that are more commonly placed within ""Anser"". Some other birds, mostly related to the shelducks, have ""goose"" as part of their names. More distantly related members of the family Anatidae are swans, most of which are larger than true geese, and ducks, which are smaller. The word ""goose"" is a direct descendent of Proto-Indo-European root, ""ghans-"". In Germanic languages, the root gave"
"led to conflicts with farming, when large flocks of geese graze crops in the winter. Anser (bird) The waterfowl genus Anser includes all grey geese (and sometimes the white geese). Its name is derived from ""anser"" the Latin for ""goose"". It belongs to the true geese and swan subfamily (Anserinae). The genus has a Holarctic distribution, with at least one species breeding in any open, wet habitats in the subarctic and cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Some also breed further south, reaching into warm temperate regions. They mostly migrate south in winter, typically to regions in"
"known as the Swan Goose or the Chinese Goose. True geese are difficult to differentiate into genus or species based on anatomical differences other than coloration, especially if the geese occur, as they often do in poetry, in the distance, flying, and perhaps even more heard than seen: but, the genus and species identification is not generally of importance in Chinese poetry, although whether the goose is wild or domestic is of importance. Geese are social animals, and tend to appear in flocks of many individuals; and, as they tend to pair up to mate, which as part of the"
"plumage is either white all over, or colored in various dark bluish-grey hues; the latter birds, uniquely among true geese, do not have white uppertail and undertail coverts, though the tail itself may be white. White-phase snow geese of both species can be told apart from feral geese best by the more slender, elegant neck, which is thick-set in domestic geese; these also have a generally heavier body and often lack black wingtips. The supposed fossil dwarf snow goose ""Chen pressa"" is now placed in ""Anser"" (Brodkorb, 1964). Chen (genus) The white geese are a small group of waterfowl which"
"Anserinae The Anserinae are a subfamily in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It includes the swans and true geese. Under alternative systematical concepts (see e.g., Terres & NAS, 1991), it is split into two subfamilies, the Anserinae contain the geese and the ducks, while the Cygninae contain the swans. Swans True geese Unresolved These two genera are distinct from other geese and often elevated to a subfamily of their own (Cereopsinae), or alternatively into the shelduck subfamily Tadorninae: Some enigmatic subfossils of very large goose-like birds from the Hawaiian Islands do not appear to be moa-nalos (goose-sized dabbling ducks). They cannot"
"a slight diversion can keep the glider in rising air for longer, or at worst keep out of the strongly sinking air. Throughout the task gliders will often fly together in 'gaggles', because a group of gliders is more likely to find better lift than one glider on its own. Pilots sometimes have to decide whether to stay with a gaggle or go on their own in another direction where they believe there will be better lift. On days when there are no cumulus clouds to indicate where there is lift, gaggle flying is the norm. However gaggle flying makes"
"Ground jay The ground jays or ground choughs belong to a distinct group of the passerine order of birds in the genus Podoces of the crow family Corvidae. They inhabit high altitude semi-desert areas from central Asia to Mongolia. Ground jays show adaptations to ground living such as long, strong legs adapted to fast running and the ability to leap and bound onto boulders and rocks with great agility. Their long, curved thick bills are adapted for digging and probing. While capable of flight (which they do infrequently and relatively weakly), they prefer running, and will readily perch on trees"
"The species is usually seen in pairs or small parties and only rarely in larger groups. Larger groups are formed especially when drinking at waterholes in arid regions. Small numbers assemble on trees near waterholes before flying to the water's edge where they are able to suck up water like other members of the pigeon family. Laughing doves eat the fallen seeds, mainly of grasses, other vegetable matter and small ground insects such as termites and beetles. They are fairly terrestrial, foraging on the ground in grasslands and cultivation. Their flight is quick and direct with the regular beats and"
"with black feet. The short, decurved black bill and green cere gives it a very peculiar expression. The Cape Barren goose is long, weighs and has a wingspan; males are somewhat larger than females. This bird feeds by grazing and rarely swims. Their ability to drink salt or brackish water allows numbers of geese to remain on offshore islands all year round. They are one of the rarest of the world's geese. They are gregarious outside the breeding season, when they wander more widely, forming small flocks. A previous decline in numbers appears to have been reversed as birds in"
"of predators. After the eggs hatch, some grouping of families occur, enabling the geese to defend their young by their joint actions, such as mobbing or attacking predators. After driving off a predator, a gander will return to its mate and give a ""triumph call"", a resonant honk followed by a low-pitched cackle, uttered with neck extended forward parallel with the ground. The mate and even unfledged young reciprocate in kind. Young greylags stay with their parents as a family group, migrating with them in a larger flock, and only dispersing when the adults drive them away from their newly"
"and locally in western Canada and northern Mexico. The calls overhead from large groups of cackling geese flying in V-shaped formation signal the transitions into spring and fall. In some areas, migration routes have changed due to changes in habitat and food sources. Cackling geese have occasionally reached western Europe naturally, as has been proved by ringing recoveries. The birds are of at least the subspecies ""hutchinsii"", and possibly others. Cackling geese are also found naturally on occasions in the Kamchatka Peninsula in eastern Siberia, eastern China, and throughout Japan. These birds feed mainly on plant material. When feeding in"
"Grouse Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae. Grouse are frequently assigned to the subfamily Tetraoninae (sometimes Tetraonidae), a classification supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence studies, and applied by the American Ornithologists' Union, ITIS, and others. Grouse inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, from pine forests to moorland and mountainside, from 83°N (rock ptarmigan in northern Greenland) to 28°N (Attwater's prairie chicken in Texas). Grouse are heavily built like other Galliformes, such as chickens. They range in length from , and in weight from . Males are bigger than females—twice"
"A group of vultures is called a kettle, committee or wake. The term ""kettle"" refers to vultures in flight, while ""committee"" refers to vultures resting on the ground or in trees. ""Wake"" is reserved for a group of vultures that are feeding. The word ""Geier"" (taken from the German language) does not have a precise meaning in ornithology; it is occasionally used to refer to a vulture in English, as in some poetry. The Old World vultures found in Africa, Asia, and Europe belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards, and hawks. Old World vultures find"
"using agricultural land a short distance inland, feeding extensively on grass and winter-sown cereals. This may be behavior learned by following other species of geese. Food resource pressure may also be important in forcing this change, as the world population has risen over 10-fold to 400,000-500,000 by the mid-1980s, possibly reaching the carrying capacity of the estuaries. In the breeding season, it uses low-lying wet coastal tundra for both breeding and feeding. The nest is bowl-shaped, lined with grass and down, in an elevated location, often in a small pond. The brant goose is one of the species to which"
"their care and they soon learn to peck at food and become fully-fledged at eight or nine weeks, about the same time as their parents regain their ability to fly after moulting their main wing and tail feathers a month earlier. Immature birds undergo a similar moult, and move to traditional, safe locations before doing so because of their vulnerability while flightless. Greylag geese are gregarious birds and form flocks. This has the advantage for the birds that the vigilance of some individuals in the group allows the rest to feed without having to constantly be alert to the approach"
"some quarters; Richard Banks of the AOU urges caution before any of Hanson's proposals are accepted. Cackling goose The cackling goose (""Branta hutchinsii"") is a North American bird of the genus ""Branta"" of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey ""Anser"" species. The black head and neck with white ""chinstrap"" distinguish this goose from all other geese except the larger Canada goose (""Branta canadensis"") and the similarly sized barnacle goose (""B. leucopsis""). There are up to 5 subspecies of cackling goose, of varying sizes and plumage details. The female looks virtually identical but"
"This theory states that groups of animals moving in a fluid environment may save energy when swimming or flying together, much in the way that bicyclists may draft one another in a peloton. Geese flying in a Vee formation are also thought to save energy by flying in the updraft of the wingtip vortex generated by the previous animal in the formation. Ducklings have also been shown to save energy by swimming in a line. Increased efficiencies in swimming in groups have also been proposed for schools of fish and Antarctic krill. The structure of large animal groups has been"
"dry season in the Trans-Fly region and Central Province of Papua New Guinea, and from June to August in Australia. A pair of white-bellied sea eagles performs skilful displays of flying before copulation: diving, gliding and chasing each other while calling loudly. They may mirror each other, flying apart and copying each other swooping and swerving. A talon-grappling display has been recorded where the pair will fly high before one flips upside down and tries to grapple the other's talons with its own. If successful, the two then plunge cartwheeling before separating as they approach the ground. This behaviour has"
"will be replaced by cages which house 4 to 5 birds. During the force-feeding period, the birds are kept in individual cages, with wire or plastic mesh floors, or sometimes in small groups on slatted floors. Individual caging restricts movements and behaviours by preventing the birds from standing erect, turning around, or flapping their wings. Birds cannot carry out other natural waterfowl behaviours, such as bathing and swimming. Furthermore, ducks and geese are social animals and individual cages prevent such interactions. During the force feeding period, when the birds are not being fed, they are sometimes kept in near darkness;"
"population, with the birds named ""taverneri"" considered a mixture of ""minima"" with subspecies ""occidentalis"" and ""parvipes"", which today remain with the Canada goose proper. Actually however, ""taverneri"" is one of the larger subspecies of cackling geese. In addition, it has been determined that the barnacle goose (""B. leucopsis"") is a derivative of the cackling goose lineage, whereas the Hawaiian goose (""B. sandvicensis"") is an insular representative of the Canada goose. A recent proposed revision by Harold C. Hanson suggests splitting Canada and cackling goose into six species and 200 subspecies. The radical nature of this proposal has provoked surprise in"
"of the group stand back a little and look on. The leaders may fluff their feathers or caroll repeatedly. In a ""group strength display"", employed if both the opposing and defending groups are of roughly equal numbers, all magpies will fly and form a row at the border of the territory. The defending group may also resort to an aerial display where the dominant magpies, or sometimes the whole group, swoop and dive while calling to warn an intruding magpie's group. A wide variety of displays are seen, with aggressive behaviours outnumbering pro-social ones. Crouching low and uttering quiet begging"
"and go through the migration much faster. The later birds usually spend more time at rest stops. Some geese return to the same nesting ground year after year and lay eggs with their mate, raising them in the same way each year. This is recorded from the many tagged geese which frequent the East Coast. Canada geese fly in a distinctive V-shaped flight formation, with an altitude of 1 km (3,000 feet) for migration flight. The maximum flight ceiling of Canada geese is unknown, but they have been reported at 9 km (29,000 feet). Flying in the V formation has"
"as well as young geese, include snowy owls (""Bubo scandiacus""), golden eagles (""Aquila chrysaetos"") and bald eagles (""Haliaeetus leucocephalus"") and, though rarely on large adult geese, great horned owls (""Bubo virginianus""), peregrine falcons (""Falco peregrinus""), and gyrfalcons (""Falco rusticolus""). Adults are quite vigorous at displacing potential predators from the nest site, with predator prevention usually falling to the larger male of the pair. Males usually attempt to draw attention of approaching predators and toll (mob terrestrial predators without physical contact) often in accompaniment with males of other goose species. Eagles of both species frequently cause geese to fly off en"
"is , the wings being too small to functionally allow the birds to take flight. Instead, the wings are used like paddles to help skim rapidly across the surface of the water. This species outweighs any other wild species called ""duck"" and is about the same mass as the largest wild geese in the world, although this species is only distantly related to most true ducks (for example of the genus ""Anas""). On males, the head and neck is blue-gray, with paler coloration crown and forehead. He has a narrow white eye-ring which continuing backwards as stripe and a reddish-brown"
"goose is a stocky 45–50 cm bird with a pale grey back, and black-barred rich buff underparts. The head and upper neck are chestnut brown. Sexes are similar, but immature birds are duller. In flight this species shows black primaries, with the rest of the wing white except for a broad green bar. The male's call is a soft whistle, and the female's is a harsh cackle. This species remains numerous in the Falklands, despite competition from grazing cattle and sheep, but the South American population in Tierra del Fuego has been reduced to a few hundred birds not only"