"and the Beast"" and ""Up"". ""Toy Story"", the first film in the franchise, was released on November 22, 1995. It was the first feature-length film created entirely by CGI and was directed by John Lasseter. The plot involves Andy, an imaginative young boy, getting a new Buzz Lightyear action figure for his birthday, causing Sheriff Woody, a vintage cowboy doll, to think that he has been replaced as Andy's favorite toy. In competing for Andy's attention, Woody accidentally knocks Buzz out a window, leading the other toys to believe he tried to murder Buzz. Determined to set things right, Woody"
"use computer-generated graphics extensively, integrating the simulated dinosaurs almost seamlessly into live action scenes. This event transformed the film industry; in 1995, the film ""Toy Story"" was the first film to use only computer-generated images and by the new millennium computer generated graphics were the leading choice for special effects in films. The advent of virtual cinematography in the early 2000s (decade) has led to an explosion of movies that would have been impossible to shoot without it. Classic examples are the digital look-alikes of Neo, Smith and other characters in the Matrix sequels and the extensive use of physically"
"(1995), ""Antz"" (1998), ""Shrek"", and ""Monsters, Inc."" (both 2001), and computer games such as ""Sims"". ""Casper"" (1995), a milestone in this decade, was the first movie in which a lead actor was produced exclusively using digital facial animation. The sophistication of the films increased after 2000. In ""The Matrix Reloaded"" and ""The Matrix Revolutions"", dense optical flow from several high-definition cameras was used to capture realistic facial movement at every point on the face. ""Polar Express (film)"" used a large Vicon system to capture upward of 150 points. Although these systems are automated, a large amount of manual clean-up effort"
"The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes (1995 film) The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes is a 1995 American made-for-television comedy science fiction film and a remake of the 1969 film of the same name produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on February 18, 1995 as part of ""The Wonderful World of Disney"". It is the second in a series of four remakes of Disney live-action films produced for broadcast on ABC during the 1994–95 television season. Directed by Peyton Reed, it stars Kirk Cameron in the lead role of Dexter Riley, a boy who becomes an instant genius, wired directly into"
"first fully computer animated feature film, ""Toy Story"", with software it designed in-house and whose computer animation films have since garnered 26 Academy Awards and critical acclaim. Industrial Light & Magic, which is based in the Presidio in San Francisco, was created in 1975 to help create visual effects for the ""Star Wars"" series has since been involved with creating visual effects for over three hundred Hollywood films. Throughout its recent history, the Bay Area has been home to several musical movements that left lasting influences on the genres they affected. San Francisco, in particular, was the center of the"
"in the creation of photo-realistic images of science-fiction and fantasy characters, settings, and objects. Images can be created in a computer using the techniques of animated cartoons and model animation. The Last Starfighter (1984) used computer generated spaceships instead of physical scale models. In 1993, stop-motion animators working on the realistic dinosaurs of Steven Spielberg's ""Jurassic Park"" were retrained in the use of computer input devices. By 1995, films such as ""Toy Story"" underscored that the distinction between live-action films and animated films was no longer clear. Other landmark examples include a character made up of broken pieces of a"
"film industry. The 1993 film ""Jurassic Park"" used a combination of computer-generated imagery in conjunction with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston and his team. Winston's animatronic ""T. rex"" stood almost , appearance and natural movement on screen of a full-sized tyrannosaurus rex. Jack Horner called it ""the closest I've ever been to a live dinosaur"". Critics referred to Spielberg's ""dinosaurs"" as ""breathtakingly — and terrifyingly — realistic"". The 1999 BBC miniseries ""Walking with Dinosaurs"" was produced using a combination of about 80% CGI and 20% animatronic models. The quality of computer imagery of the day was good, but"
"Jeffrey J. Varab Jeffrey James Varab is a leading animator and visual effects artist and one of the pioneers of 3D computer animation. His work on the 1995 film ""Casper"" marked the first fully computer-rendered lead character in a feature film, beating Woody and Buzz Lightyear of the fully computer-animated ""Toy Story"" by six months. Originally hired at Disney Animation in 1977, Varab was trained on the film ""Pete's Dragon"" by one of ""Disney's Nine Old Men"", Eric Larson. Classmates at Disney Animation included filmmakers such as Pixar's John Lasseter, Tim Burton and Don Bluth. Since then, Varab has done"
"co-star and many Oscar nominations later in a 2007 project (American Gangster). Gimel Everett Gimel Everett was an American producer specializing in the science-fiction and horror genres. Her films ""The Lawnmower Man"" and ""Virtuosity"" (1995) feature groundbreaking computer animation and visual effects. ""The Lawnmower Man"" is considered the first, seminal film to feature ""Virtual Reality"" as a cautionary tale becoming the number one commercially successful independent film of 1992, budgeted at just under $6 million and eventually earning over $150 million worldwide. Virtuosity became the first major film to feature nanotechnology set in a cyberpunk based future casting Russell Crowe"
"Casper (film) Casper is a 1995 American live-action/computer-animated fantasy comedy film directed by Brad Silberling, based on the Harvey Comics cartoon character Casper the Friendly Ghost created by Seymour Reit and Joe Oriolo. The film stars Christina Ricci, Bill Pullman, Cathy Moriarty, Eric Idle, and Amy Brenneman, and also features the voices of Malachi Pearson in the title role as well as Joe Nipote, Joe Alaskey, and Brad Garrett. The film makes extensive use of computer-generated imagery to create the ghosts, and it is the first feature film to have a fully CGI character in the lead role. It goes"
"""The Brave Little Toaster"" as a fully computer-animated film to Disney, but the idea was rejected and Lasseter was fired. He then went on to work at Lucasfilm and later as a founding member of Pixar, which was purchased by entrepreneur and Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs in 1986. At Pixar, Lasseter created short, computer-animated films to show off the Pixar Image Computer's capabilities, and ""Tin Toy"" (1988)—a short story told from the perspective of a toy, referencing Lasseter's love of classic toys—would go on to claim the 1988 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the first computer-generated film"
"time by a puppeteer using a custom-built controller, was developed by Silicon Graphics, and performed live at SIGGRAPH. In 1989, ""The Abyss"", directed by James Cameron included a computer-generated face placed onto a watery pseudopod. In 1991, """", also directed by Cameron, confident in the abilities of computer-generated effects from his experience with ""The Abyss"", included a mixture of synthetic actors with live animation, including computer models of Robert Patrick's face. ""The Abyss"" contained just one scene with photo-realistic computer graphics. ""Terminator 2: Judgment Day"" contained over forty shots throughout the film. In 1997, Industrial Light and Magic worked on"
"the television film ""The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes"" in 1995 starring Kirk Cameron as Dexter Riley. Other Disney Channel films carrying similar plot elements were the ""Not Quite Human"" film series, which aired in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The films were based on the series of novels with the same name. The animated title sequence, by future Academy Award-winning British visual effects artist Alan Maley, reproduced the look of contemporary computer graphics using stop motion photography of paper cutouts. It has been cited as an early example of ""computational kitsch."" The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes The Computer Wore"
"Gimel Everett Gimel Everett was an American producer specializing in the science-fiction and horror genres. Her films ""The Lawnmower Man"" and ""Virtuosity"" (1995) feature groundbreaking computer animation and visual effects. ""The Lawnmower Man"" is considered the first, seminal film to feature ""Virtual Reality"" as a cautionary tale becoming the number one commercially successful independent film of 1992, budgeted at just under $6 million and eventually earning over $150 million worldwide. Virtuosity became the first major film to feature nanotechnology set in a cyberpunk based future casting Russell Crowe and Denzel Washington together a full 12 years before they would again"
"use of large-scale miniatures. The release of ""Jurassic Park"" (1993) was a turning point in the use of computers to create effects for which physical miniatures would have previously been employed. While the use of computer generated imagery (CGI) has largely overtaken their use since then, they are still often employed, especially for projects requiring physical interaction with fire, explosions or water. ""Independence Day"" (1996), ""Titanic"" (1997), ""Godzilla"" (1998), The ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy (1999-2005), ""The Lord of the Rings"" trilogy (2001-3), ""Casino Royale"" (2006), ""The Dark Knight"" (2008), ""Inception"" (2010), and ""Interstellar"" (2014) are examples of highly successful films"
"revelation. But it wasn't until shortly after, when he was invited by his friends Jerry Rees and Bill Kroyer, while working on ""Mickey's Christmas Carol"", to come and see the first light cycle sequences for an upcoming film entitled ""Tron"", featuring state-of-the-art computer-generated imagery (CGI), that he really saw the huge potential of this new technology in animation. Up to that time, the studio had used a multiplane camera to add depth to its animation. Lasseter realized that computers could be used to make films with three-dimensional backgrounds where traditionally animated characters could interact to add a new level of"
"The film ""Titanic"" used computer effects in nearly every scene of its three-hour running time; one of the film's 11 Oscars was for special effects. While Disney had made the film ""Tron""—which extensively mixed live action, traditional animation, and CGI—in 1982, and introduced the CAPS system to enhance traditional animation in 1990s ""The Rescuers Down Under"", a completely computer-animated feature film had yet to be made. In 1995, Disney partnered with Pixar to produce ""Toy Story"", the first feature film made entirely using CGI. The film's success was so great that other studios looked into producing their own CGI films."
"of computer-generated imagery became more widespread in films during the 2000s. Documentary and mockumentary films, such as ""March of the Penguins"" and ""Super Size Me"", were popular in the 2000s. 2004's ""Fahrenheit 9/11"" by Michael Moore is the highest grossing documentary of all time. Online films became popular, and conversion to digital cinema started. December 2009's ""Avatar"", an American epic science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron, made extensive use of cutting edge motion capture filming techniques, and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and"
"animators known as the ""Nine Old Men"", visited Lasseter at Pixar and they watched a screening. Thomas was evidently freed of his former doubts about computer animation, expressed in a 1984 essay in which he argued computer animation could never produce anything as meaningful as its hand-drawn predecessor. After watching the film, he shook Lasseter's hand and stated meaningfully to him, ""John, you did it."" Red's Dream Red's Dream is a 1987 American computer-animated short film produced by Pixar and directed by John Lasseter. The short film, which runs four minutes, stars Red, a unicycle. Propped up in the corner"
"backgrounds are then combined, using software that allows for camera movements, multiplane effects, and other techniques—including compositing with 3D image material. The system's first feature film use was in ""The Little Mermaid"" (1989), for the ""farewell rainbow"" scene near the end, but the first full-scale use was for ""The Rescuers Down Under"" (1990), which therefore became the first traditionally animated film to be entirely produced on computer—or indeed, the first 100% digital feature film of any kind ever produced. The 1980s saw the appearance of many notable new commercial software products: The 1990s began with much of CGI technology now"
"Awards, winning five awards, including Best Science Fiction Film along with Best Writing for Spielberg and Best Performance by a Younger Actor for Osment. A.I. Artificial Intelligence A.I. Artificial Intelligence, also known as A.I., is a 2001 American science fiction drama film directed by Steven Spielberg. The screenplay by Spielberg and screen story by Ian Watson were based on the 1969 short story ""Supertoys Last All Summer Long"" by Brian Aldiss. The film was produced by Kathleen Kennedy, Spielberg and Bonnie Curtis. It stars Haley Joel Osment, Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson and William Hurt. Set in a futuristic"
"of special effects) skyrocketed during the modern era of U.S. animation. The first completely computer-animated movie was ""Toy Story"" (1995), but ""VeggieTales"" is the first American fully 3D computer animated series sold directly (made in 1993); its success inspired other animation series, such as ""ReBoot"" in 1994. Some notable producers of computer-animated feature films include: The popularity of websites that allow members to upload their own movies for others to view has created a growing community of amateur computer animators. With utilities and programs often included free with modern operating systems, many users can make their own animated movies and"
"by Walt Disney Pictures on November 4, 2005, in Disney Digital 3-D (the first film to be released in this format) along with the standard 2-D version. It is Disney's first fully computer animated feature film, as Pixar's films were distributed, but not produced by Disney, and ""Dinosaur"" (2000) was a combination of live-action and computer animation. ""Chicken Little"" was Disney's second adaptation of the fable after a propaganda cartoon made during World War II. The film is also the last Disney animated film made before then-Pixar executive John Lasseter was named chief creative officer of Disney Animation and the"
"commercial success and Sigourney Weaver was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role at the Academy Awards. The Japanese anime film ""Akira"" (1988) also had a big influence outside Japan when released. In the 1990s, the emergence of the World Wide Web and the cyberpunk genre spawned several movies on the theme of the computer-human interface, such as """" (1991), ""Total Recall"" (1990), ""The Lawnmower Man"" (1992), and ""The Matrix"" (1999). Other themes included disaster films (e.g., ""Armageddon"" and ""Deep Impact"" (both 1998), alien invasion (e.g., ""Independence Day"" (1996)) and genetic experimentation (e.g., ""Jurassic Park"" (1993) and ""Gattaca"" (1997))."
"most or all of the film was done using the xerographic process which had been in place at Disney since the late 1950s. Spencer would win a technical Academy Award for this process, but the computer would soon render the APT process obsolete. ""The Black Cauldron"" is notable for being Disney's first animated feature film to incorporate computer-generated imagery in its animation for bubbles, a boat, a floating orb of light, and the cauldron itself. Despite ""The Black Cauldron"" being released a year before ""The Great Mouse Detective"", both films were in production simultaneously for some time and the computer"
"""Tin Toy"", won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the first computer-animated film to claim the award. It was also the first win for the hardware company, which was still struggling to sell its main product: the Pixar Image Computer. The key animator and director behind ""Tin Toy"", John Lasseter, had once worked at Disney several years prior but was fired by unknowingly stepping on his superiors' toes with his support for computer animation. Now, Disney took notice of the Oscar win for ""Tin Toy"" and began a campaign to win Lasseter back. Lasseter turned the studio's offer"
"films """" and ""Jurassic Park"" included Oscar-winning special effects sequences which made extensive use of CGI. After decades of existing as related-but-separate industries, the barrier between ""animation"" and ""special effects"" was shattered by the popularization of computerized special effects—to the point where computer enhancement of Hollywood feature films became second-nature and often went unnoticed. The Academy Award-winning ""Forrest Gump"" (1994) depended heavily on computerized special effects to create the illusion of Tom Hanks shaking hands with Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, and to make Gary Sinise convincingly appear to be a double amputee, winning a special-effects Oscar."
"regained their popularity, with Disney's ""Beauty and the Beast"" (1991), ""Aladdin"" (1992), and ""The Lion King"" (1994). During 1995, the first feature length computer-animated feature, ""Toy Story"", was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Disney. After the success of Toy Story, computer animation would grow to become the dominant technique for feature length animation, which would allow competing film companies such as DreamWorks Animation and 20th Century Fox to effectively compete with Disney with successful films of their own. During the late 1990s, another cinematic transition began, from physical film stock to digital cinema technology. Meanwhile, DVDs became"
"Canada. The characters were rendered in three dimensions, and were capable of speaking, showing emotion, and shaking hands. In 1987, the Kleiser-Walczak Construction Company (now Synthespian Studios), founded by Jeff Kleiser and Diana Walczak coined the term ""synthespian"" and began its Synthespian (""synthetic thespian"") Project, with the aim of creating ""life-like figures based on the digital animation of clay models"". In 1988, ""Tin Toy"" was the first entirely computer-generated movie to win an Academy Award (Best Animated Short Film). In the same year, Mike the Talking Head, an animated head whose facial expression and head posture were controlled in real"
"it was renamed Pixar. Pixar produced the world's first computer-animated feature film, ""Toy Story"", in 1995, and has since become the world's dominant animation studio, producing a string of immensely commercially and critically successful films. Catmull has won four Academy Awards for his technical feats and helped create some of the key computer-generated imagery software animators rely on today. The film has been labeled a landmark, being called revolutionary in both the art of animation and film. Craig Caldwell, senior research professor at the University of Utah, stated in 2011 that the film is groundbreaking because ""it showed the potential"
"Also, the ""Star Wars"" prequel trilogy began with the release of """", which eventually grossed over one billion dollars. As the decade progressed, computers played an increasingly important role in both the addition of special effects (thanks to """" and ""Jurassic Park"") and the production of films. As software developed in sophistication it was used to produce more complicated effects. It also enabled filmmakers to enhance the visual quality of animation, resulting in films such as ""Ghost in the Shell"" (1995) from Japan, and ""The Iron Giant"" (1999) from the United States. During the first decade of the 2000s, superhero"
"movies like Larry Cohen's ""Q, the Winged Serpent"" (1982) and Ron Underwood's ""Tremors"" (1989/90) used comedy. Just before the technological revolution that made possible to create digital special effects thanks to CGI, the last generation of SFX artists impressed with the quality and realism of their creations: Rick Baker, Stan Winston and Rob Bottin are among the most remarkable names in the industry. 1993 saw the release of ""Jurassic Park"", based on the 1989 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and directed by Steven Spielberg, which set a new benchmark in the genre with innovative use of CGI"
"CGI technology during the 1990s include such films as ""Twister"", ""Independence Day"", ""Daylight"", ""Dante's Peak"", ""Volcano"", ""Hard Rain"", ""Deep Impact"", and ""Armageddon"". In 1997, James Cameron produced, wrote and directed a version of the epic story, ""Titanic"". The film combined romance with intricate special effects and was a huge success, becoming the highest-grossing film (which it remained for twelve years) with over $2.1 billion worldwide, and winning 11 Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director. Movies from the disaster film genre are often based on novels. In many cases, the novels were bestsellers or critically acclaimed works. Three of"