"the first time in a 1911 novel by Robert Randau, ""Les Algérianistes"". A ""Cercle algérianiste"" was created in France in 1973 by Pieds-Noirs, with several local chapters. It has for ""purpose to safeguard the cultural heritage born from the French presence in Algeria."" Albert Camus, a French-Algerian (or pied noir), is undoubtedly the best known writer ever to come from Algeria. A philosopher, novelist and playwright, Camus won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957. While most of his stories are set in Algeria and he supported civil rights for the indigenous Algerians, he opposed Algerian independence, which has hurt"
"Albert Camus Albert Camus (; ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay ""The Rebel"" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature at the age of 44 in 1957, the second youngest recipient in history. Camus did not consider himself to be an existentialist despite usually being classified as a follower of it, even in his lifetime."
"Gustave Thibon Gustave Thibon (; 2 September 1903 – 19 January 2001) was a French philosopher. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times. Although essentially self-taught (he left school at the age of thirteen), Thibon was an avid reader – especially of poetry, in French, Provençal and Latin. He was very impressed by the First World War, which led him to hate patriotism and democracy. The young Gustave Thibon travelled extensively, at first to London and Italy, and later to North Africa, where he served in the military, before returning to his native village at the"
"and conventions inherited from 19th-century France. He sought to uncover the authentic self beneath its contradictory masks."" In his journal, Gide distinguishes between adult-attracted ""sodomites"" and boy-loving ""pederasts"", categorizing himself as the latter. In the company of Oscar Wilde, he had several sexual encounters with young boys abroad. Gide's novel ""Corydon"", which he considered his most important work, erects a defense of pederasty. Notes Sources André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in"
"and was interred in the Cimetière de Vemars, Val d'Oise, France. François Mauriac François Charles Mauriac (; 11 October 1885 – 1 September 1970) was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the"" Académie française"" (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the ""Légion d'honneur"" in 1958. He was a lifelong Catholic. François Charles Mauriac was born in Bordeaux, France. He studied literature at the University of Bordeaux, graduating in 1905, after which he moved to Paris to prepare for postgraduate study at the École"
"anti-colonialist, anti-capitalist left. Notes Sources Bibliography of André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947 ""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"". Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars. Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposes to public view the conflict and eventual"
"André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars. The author of ""more than fifty books,"" at the time of his death his obituary in ""The New York Times"" described him as ""France's greatest contemporary man of letters"" and ""judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti."" Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works,"
"Bibliography of André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947 ""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"". Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars. Known for his fiction as well as his autobiographical works, Gide exposes to public view the conflict and eventual reconciliation of the two sides"
"François Mauriac François Charles Mauriac (; 11 October 1885 – 1 September 1970) was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the"" Académie française"" (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the ""Légion d'honneur"" in 1958. He was a lifelong Catholic. François Charles Mauriac was born in Bordeaux, France. He studied literature at the University of Bordeaux, graduating in 1905, after which he moved to Paris to prepare for postgraduate study at the École des Chartes. On 1 June 1933 he was elected a member"
"Pierre Chany said: A literary prize, for the best sports article, is awarded in his name. Antoine Blondin Antoine Blondin (11 April 1922 – 7 June 1991) was a French writer. He belonged to the literary group called the ""Hussards"". He was also a sports columnist in ""L'Équipe"". Blondin also wrote under the name Tenorio. Blondin was the son of a poet, Germaine Blondin, whose name he took, and of a printer's proof-reader. He earned a degree in philosophy the Sorbonne after studying at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris and the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen. He became very close"
"Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years. Valéry was born to a Corsican father and Genoese-Istrian mother in Sète, a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Hérault, but he was raised in Montpellier, a larger urban center close by. After a traditional Roman Catholic education, he studied law at"
"and passions"", ""About Happiness"", ""Mars"", and ""The citizen against powers"". He died in 1951. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery. Émile Chartier Émile-Auguste Chartier (; 3 March 1868 – 2 June 1951), commonly known as Alain (), was a French philosopher, journalist, and pacifist. He adopted his pseudonym in homage to the 15th-century Norman poet Alain Chartier. Alain was born in 1868. He entered lycée d'Alençon in 1881 and studied there for five years. On 13 June 1956, the lycée was renamed lycée Alain, after its most famous student. After Alain qualified at the École Normale Supérieure and"
"comparatively evaluated Hindu and Bergsonian philosophies, especially in relation to intuition, consciousness and evolution. Henri Bergson Henri-Louis Bergson (; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French-Jewish philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II. Bergson is known for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality. He was awarded the 1927 Nobel Prize in Literature ""in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they"
"Wanting Seed. In English translation: Paul Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (; 30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher. In addition to his poetry and fiction (drama and dialogues), his interests included aphorisms on art, history, letters, music, and current events. Valéry was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 12 different years. Valéry was born to a Corsican father and Genoese-Istrian mother in Sète, a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Hérault, but he was raised in Montpellier, a larger urban center close by. After a traditional Roman Catholic"
"François-Henri Désérable François-Henri Désérable (born Amiens, France, 6 February 1987) is a French author and a former professional ice hockey player. His first book, ""Tu montreras ma tête au peuple"", short-stories about the French revolution, was released in April 2013 by Gallimard and won multiple literary awards. In 2015, he published ""Évariste"", a novel about Évariste Galois, a French mathematician who revolutionized algebra and died at age 20 from wounds suffered in a duel. In France, the book was considered as one of the ""literary sensations of the year 2015"". François-Henri Désérable was also a professional ice-hockey player. In 2002-03,"
"age of 23. Under the influence of writers such as Léon Bloy and Jacques Maritain he converted to Catholicism. At the invitation of the latter, he started his literary career in the pages of the ""Revue Thomiste"". During World War II Thibon hosted the philosopher Simone Weil at his farm; he published S. Weil's work ""La Pesanteur et la Grâce"" (""Gravity and Grace"") in 1947. Gustave Thibon Gustave Thibon (; 2 September 1903 – 19 January 2001) was a French philosopher. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times. Although essentially self-taught (he left school at the"
"Roger Martin du Gard Roger Martin du Gard (; 23 March 1881 – 22 August 1958) was a French novelist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Literature. Trained as a paleographer and archivist, he brought to his works a spirit of objectivity and a scrupulous regard for detail, and because of his concern with documentation and the relationship of social reality to individual development, his fiction has been linked with the realist and naturalist traditions of the 19th century. His sympathy for the humanist socialism and pacifism of Jean Jaurès is evident in his work. He is best known"
"France. Roger Martin du Gard Roger Martin du Gard (; 23 March 1881 – 22 August 1958) was a French novelist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Literature. Trained as a paleographer and archivist, he brought to his works a spirit of objectivity and a scrupulous regard for detail, and because of his concern with documentation and the relationship of social reality to individual development, his fiction has been linked with the realist and naturalist traditions of the 19th century. His sympathy for the humanist socialism and pacifism of Jean Jaurès is evident in his work. He is best"
"Just Fontaine Just Fontaine (; born 18 August 1933) is a retired French professional footballer. A prolific forward, he is best known for scoring the most goals in a single edition of the FIFA World Cup, with 13 in six matches in 1958. In 2004, Pelé named him one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony. Born in Marrakech to a French father and a Spanish mother, Fontaine moved to Casablanca, where he attended the Lycée Lyautey. Fontaine began his amateur career at , where he played from 1950 to 1953. Nice recruited him in 1953,"
"Michel Hidalgo Michel Hidalgo (; born 22 March 1933) is a French former football player and manager. He was the coach of the French national team from 1976 to 1984. Hidalgo grew up in Normandy, where he started playing football. He was named after Mexican patriot Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. He was champion of Normandie Juniors in 1952 with ""US Normande"", before signing up to Le Havre's books for two seasons, later playing for Reims, with whom he played and scored a goal in the 1956 European Cup final 4–3 defeat by Real Madrid. Under the wing of Rocher, who"
"and transformation in meaning. For a more complete bibliography, see site littéraire André Malraux. André Malraux Georges André Malraux DSO (; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist and Minister of Cultural Affairs. Malraux's novel ""La Condition Humaine"" (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Goncourt. He was appointed by President Charles de Gaulle as Minister of Information (1945–46) and subsequently as France's first Minister of Cultural Affairs during de Gaulle's presidency (1959–69). Malraux was born in Paris in 1901, the son of Fernand-Georges Malraux (1875-1930) and Berthe Félicie Lamy (1877-1932). His parents separated in"
"Roger Caillois Roger Caillois (; 3 March 1913 – 21 December 1978) was a French intellectual whose idiosyncratic work brought together literary criticism, sociology, and philosophy by focusing on diverse subjects such as games, play as well as the sacred. He was also instrumental in introducing Latin American authors such as Jorge Luis Borges, Pablo Neruda, Miguel Ángel Asturias to the French public. After his death, the French Literary award Prix Roger Caillois was named after him in 1991. Caillois was born in Reims but moved to Paris as a child. There he studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, an elite"
"Jules Romains Jules Romains, born Louis Henri Jean Farigoule (26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972), was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play ""Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine"", and a cycle of works called ""Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will)"". Sinclair Lewis called him one of the six best novelists in the world. He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature sixteen times. Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire but went to Paris to attend first the Lycée Condorcet"
"Apollo in 1975). Roussel (or a version of him) is a major character in the novel ""The Vorrh"" by B. Catling. Raymond Roussel Raymond Roussel (; January 20, 1877 – July 14, 1933) was a French poet, novelist, playwright, musician, and chess enthusiast. Through his novels, poems, and plays he exerted a profound influence on certain groups within 20th century French literature, including the Surrealists, Oulipo, and the authors of the nouveau roman. Roussel was born in Paris, the third and last child in his family, with a brother Georges and sister Germaine. In 1893, at age 15, he was"
"of any other nation. The first Nobel Prize in Literature was a French author, while France's latest Nobel prize in literature is Patrick Modiano, who was awarded the prize in 2014. Jean-Paul Sartre was also the first nominee in the committee's history to refuse the prize in 1964. Medieval philosophy was dominated by Scholasticism until the emergence of Humanism in the Renaissance. Modern philosophy began in France in the 17th century with the philosophy of René Descartes, Blaise Pascal, and Nicolas Malebranche. Descartes revitalised Western philosophy, which had been declined after the Greek and Roman eras. His ""Meditations on First"
"awarded the ""Grand Prix national des lettres"". Jean Grenier Jean Grenier (6 February 1898, Paris – 5 March 1971, Dreux-Venouillet, Eure-et-Loir) was a French philosopher and writer. He taught for a time in Algiers, where he became a significant influence on the young Albert Camus. Jean Grenier spent his childhood and adolescence in Saint-Brieuc, Brittany, the birthplace of Jules Lequier, the visionary philosopher to whom Grenier would eventually dedicate his doctoral thesis. These early years, during which he became acquainted with Louis Guilloux, Edmond Lambert and Max Jacob, are documented in his autobiographical novel ""Les grèves"" (1957). In 1922 Grenier"
"in which he centered his interest for the purpose of finding relations between art and game. He published some articles about the films of Boris Barnet and Dziga Vertov. François Zourabichvili François Zourabichvili (1965 – 19 April 2006) was a French philosopher specialized in the works of Gilles Deleuze and Baruch Spinoza. François Zourabichvili was the son of composer Nicolas Zourabichvili, nephew of historian Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, and cousin of author Emmanuel Carrère. He became agrégé in 1989 and earned his PhD in Philosophy in 1999. He taught at a lycee already from 1988 to 2001, was docent at Paul"
"important in its significance as that produced by Descartes, Lavoisier and Copernicus. Charles de Villers Charles François Dominique de Villers (4 November 1765 – 26 February 1815) was a French philosopher. He was mainly responsible for translating the philosophy of Immanuel Kant into the French language. Villers was born in Boulay-Moselle, France. He studied at the Benedictine College in Metz, and then became a student of the School of Applied Artillery of Metz. He attained the rank of captain. Like other officers of that era, such as the artillery colonel Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet of Puysegur, he became interested"
"Fire) is considered one of the finest novels about the anti-fascist Resistance. Vailland joined the French Communist Party but resigned after the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He remained an independent leftist for the rest of his life. Roger Vailland Roger Vailland (16 October 1907 - 12 May 1965) was a French novelist, essayist, and screenwriter. Vailland was born in Acy-en-Multien, Oise. His novels include the prize winning ""Drôle de jeu"" (1945), ""Les mauvais coups"" (1948), ""Un jeune homme seul"" (1951), ""325 000 francs"" (1955), and ""La loi"" (1957), winner of the Prix Goncourt. His screenplays include"
"the title of each is a publication of Cavaillès, though the author is shown as ""Luc Jardie."" Jean Cavaillès Jean Cavaillès (; ; May 15, 1903 – February 17, 1944) was a French philosopher and logician who specialized in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the ""Libération"" movement and was shot by the Gestapo on February 17, 1944. Cavaillès was born in Saint-Maixent, Deux-Sèvres. After passing his first baccalauréat in 1919 and baccalauréats in mathematics and philosophy the following year, he studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, including two years of """","
"Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (; ; 2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, playwright, journalist, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism, and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline ""J'Accuse…!"" Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902. Zola was born in Paris in 1840. His father,"
"when his car was hit by a car carrying orders for the mobilization of the French Army, in the first stage of World War I. He appears as a character in Joseph Skibell's 2010 novel, ""A Curable Romantic"". Louis Couturat Louis Couturat (; 17 January 1868 – 3 August 1914) was a French logician, mathematician, philosopher, and linguist. Born in Ris-Orangis, Essonne, France. In 1887 he entered École Normale Supérieure to study philosophy and mathematics. In 1895 he lectured in philosophy at the University of Toulouse and 1897 lectured in philosophy of mathematics at University of Caen Normandy, taking a"
"Christian Mégret Mégret Christian (11 November 1904, Vincennes – 1987), was a 20th-century French journalist and novelist, winner of the Prix Femina in 1957. Mégret Christian began his career as a colonial administrator in Togo, which inspired his first novel ""Anthropophages"" ('Cannibals') which appeared in 1934. He became a journalist at ""Jour"" in 1933 and then at ""Carrefour"" from 1945. He led a parallel career as a novelist, and in 1957 was awarded the Prix Femina for his work ""Le Carrefour des solitudes"". His lovers included Princess Ghislaine de Polignac, whose intimate knowledge of the relationship of Baron de Redé"