"was drawn up by the de Valera administration. It was approved by the electorate in a plebiscite by a simple majority. On 29 December 1937 the new ""Constitution of Ireland"" came into effect, renaming the Irish Free State to simply ""Éire"" or in the English language ""Ireland"". The Governor-General was replaced by a President of Ireland and a new more powerful prime minister, called the ""Taoiseach"", came into being, while the Executive Council was renamed the ""Government"". Though it had a president, the new state was not a republic. The British monarch continued to reign theoretically as ""King of Ireland"","
"1959 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1959 was held on 17 June 1959. Éamon de Valera, then Taoiseach, was elected as president of Ireland. A referendum proposed by de Valera to replace the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote with first-past-the-post voting which was held on the same day was defeated by 48.2% to 52.8%. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president may be nominated by: Outgoing president Seán T. O'Kelly had served two terms, and was ineligible to serve again. On 27 April, the Minister"
"1973 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1973 was held on 30 May 1973. The outgoing president Éamon de Valera was ineligible for re-election after serving two terms in office. Former Tánaiste Erskine H. Childers, nominated by Fianna Fáil, was elected as president of Ireland, defeating Fine Gael deputy leader, Tom O'Higgins, who had come within 1% of defeating Éamon de Valera in the 1966 presidential election. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president could be nominated by: On 25 April, the Minister for Local Government made the order for the presidential election,"
"was inaugurated as president on 25 June. 1959 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1959 was held on 17 June 1959. Éamon de Valera, then Taoiseach, was elected as president of Ireland. A referendum proposed by de Valera to replace the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote with first-past-the-post voting which was held on the same day was defeated by 48.2% to 52.8%. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president may be nominated by: Outgoing president Seán T. O'Kelly had served two terms, and was ineligible to"
"among the electorate, 75-year-old de Valera had begun to be seen by the electorate as too old and out of touch to remain as head of government. At the urging of party officials, de Valera decided to retire from government and the Dáil and instead seek the presidency of Ireland. He won the 1959 presidential election on 17 June 1959 and resigned as Taoiseach, Leader of Fianna Fáil and a TD for Clare, six days later, handing over power to Seán Lemass. De Valera was inaugurated President of Ireland on 25 June 1959. He was re-elected President in 1966, aged"
"Ruairí Ó Brádaigh Ruairí Ó Brádaigh (, born Peter Roger Casement Brady; 2 October 1932 – 5 June 2013) was an Irish republican political and military leader. He was Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) from 1958 to 1959 and again from 1960 to 1962, president of Sinn Féin from 1970 to 1983, and president of Republican Sinn Féin from 1987 to 2009. Ó Brádaigh, born Peter Roger Casement Brady, was born into a middle-class republican family in Longford that lived in a duplex home on Battery Road. His father, Matt Brady, was an IRA volunteer and"
"after resigning the presidency. He is buried in Sneem, County Kerry. Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (12 February 1911 – 21 March 1978; ) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, judge and barrister who served as the fifth President of Ireland from December 1974 to October 1976. He served as a Judge of the European Court of Justice from 1973 to 1974, Chief Justice of Ireland from 1961 to 1973, a judge of the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1973 and Attorney General of Ireland from 1946 to 1948 and 1951 to 1953. His name is sometimes given in"
"go on to be at the forefront of Irish politics until the turn of the 1960s. He took over as President of the Executive Council from W. T. Cosgrave and later Taoiseach, with the passing of Bunreacht Na hEireann (Irish constitution) in 1937. He would serve as Taoiseach on 3 occasions; from 1937 to 1948, from 1951 to 1954 and finally from 1957 to 1959. He remains the longest serving Taoiseach by total days served in the post. He resigned in 1959 upon his election as President of Ireland. By then, he had been Leader of Fianna Fáil for 33"
"Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (12 February 1911 – 21 March 1978; ) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician, judge and barrister who served as the fifth President of Ireland from December 1974 to October 1976. He served as a Judge of the European Court of Justice from 1973 to 1974, Chief Justice of Ireland from 1961 to 1973, a judge of the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1973 and Attorney General of Ireland from 1946 to 1948 and 1951 to 1953. His name is sometimes given in the alternative spelling of Carroll O'Daly, which he also used during"
"with noon on 8 May as the date for nominations, and 30 May as the date of polling. O'Higgins was approved as the Fine Gael candidate on 31 January. Childers was approved as the Fianna Fáil candidate on 6 April. George Colley was director of elections for Childers. O'Higgins was the early favourite to win, with odds of 1/2, against 6/4 for Childers. 1973 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1973 was held on 30 May 1973. The outgoing president Éamon de Valera was ineligible for re-election after serving two terms in office. Former Tánaiste Erskine H. Childers,"
"1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election The 1959 Fianna Fáil leadership election began in June 1959, when Éamon de Valera resigned as party leader and Taoiseach to take up the post of President of Ireland. De Valera had been leader since the foundation of the party in 1926 and had served as Taoiseach on three occasions. His successor was elected by the members of the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 22 June 1959. After one ballot the election was won by Seán Lemass. He was elected Taoiseach in Dáil Éireann on the following day. Seán Lemass had been Éamon de Valera's"
"Douglas Hyde Douglas Ross Hyde (; 17 January 1860 – 12 July 1949), known as An Craoibhín Aoibhinn (lit. ""the pleasant little branch""), was an Irish academic, linguist, scholar of the Irish language, politician and diplomat who served as the first President of Ireland from June 1938 to June 1945. He was a leading figure in the Gaelic revival, and first President of Gaelic League, one of the most influential cultural organisations in Ireland at the time. Hyde was born at Longford House in Castlerea, County Roscommon, while his mother, Elizabeth née Oldfield (1834–1886) was on a short visit there."
"years, and he, along with older founding members, began to take a less prominent role relative to newer ministers such as Jack Lynch, Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney. He would serve as President from 1959 to 1973, two full terms in office. De Valera's political beliefs evolved from militant Irish republicanism to strong social, cultural and economic conservatism. He has been characterised by a stern, unbending, devious demeanor. His roles in the Civil War have also portrayed him as a divisive figure in Irish history. Biographer Tim Pat Coogan sees his time in power as being characterised by economic and"
"Patrick Hillery Patrick John Hillery (; 2 May 1923 – 12 April 2008) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the sixth President of Ireland from December 1976 to December 1990. He also served as Vice-President of the European Commission and European Commissioner for Social Affairs from 1973 to 1976, Minister for External Affairs from 1969 to 1973, Minister for Labour from 1966 to 1969, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1965 to 1969 and Minister for Education from 1959 to 1965. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Clare constituency from 1951 to 1973. In"
"these jobs. Also, the number of multinational companies in Ireland is something you won’t get in other countries and they continue to create job opportunities for skilled graduates."" It followed the enticing prospect of extended visas to work in Ireland with chances to apply for residency and citizenship. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru: 1949 & 1956<br> President Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan: 1964<br> President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy: 1982<br> Prime Minister Narendra Modi: 2015 Éamon de Valera: 1948<br> President Patrick Hillery: 1978<br> President Mary Robinson: 1993<br> Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald: 1984<br> Taoiseach Bertie Ahern: 2006 India–Ireland relations Indo-Irish relations are the bilateral ties between India and"
"1960. In 1960, he was appointed as Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, having been a Service Director thereof from 1953 to 1960. He was one of the ""architects"" of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. After his retirement from the Central Bank of Ireland in 1969, he devoted much of his time in the following years to writing. His considerable archives are now in the custody of University College Dublin (UCD). During his retirement, he also served as Director of the Trinity Bank. He died at age 96 in the Leeson Park Nursing Home, and was buried in Clontarf"
"Commerce. In 1958 the first ""Programme for Economic Development"" was launched. De Valera was elected President of Ireland in 1959 and retired as Fianna Fáil leader and Taoiseach. On 23 June 1959, Seán Lemass was appointed Taoiseach, on the nomination of Dáil Éireann. Many had wondered if Fianna Fáil could survive without de Valera as leader. However, Lemass quickly established his control on the party. Although he was one of the founding members of Fianna Fáil he was still only fifty-nine years old, seventeen years younger than the nearly blind de Valera. The change of personnel in Fianna Fáil was"
"Gael leader General Richard Mulcahy. Seán T. O'Kelly Seán Thomas O'Kelly (; 25 August 1882 – 23 November 1966), originally John T. O'Kelly, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the second President of Ireland from June 1945 to June 1959. He also served as Tánaiste from 1937 to 1945, Minister for Finance from 1939 to 1945, Minister for Local Government and Public Health from 1932 to 1939, Vice-President of the Executive Council from 1932 to 1937, Minister for Irish from 1920 to 1921 and Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann from 1919 to 1921. He served as a"
"from December 1936 to April 1949, it was unclear whether or not the Irish state was a republic or a form of constitutional monarchy and (from 1937) whether its head of state was the President of Ireland (Douglas Hyde until 1945, and Seán T. O'Kelly afterwards) or the King of Ireland (George VI). The exact constitutional status of the state during this period has been a matter of scholarly and political dispute. The state's ambiguous status ended in 1949, when the Republic of Ireland Act stripped the King of his role in external relations and declared that the state may"
"Ireland and President of Ireland Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh. In April 1938, by now retired from academia, was plucked from retirement by Taoiseach Éamon de Valera and again appointed to Seanad Éireann. Again his tenure proved short, even shorter than before. But this time it was because, on the suggestion of Fine Gael, Hyde was chosen after inter-party negotiations as the first President of Ireland, to which he was elected unopposed. He was selected for a number of reasons: Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of Ireland, on 26 June 1938. ""The Irish Times"" reported it as follows: Hyde set"
"Jack Lynch John Mary Lynch (15 August 1917 – 20 October 1999), known as Jack Lynch, was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach from 1966 to 1973 and 1977 to 1979, Leader of Fianna Fáil from 1966 to 1979, Leader of the Opposition from 1973 to 1977, Minister for Finance from 1965 to 1966, Minister for Industry and Commerce from 1959 to 1965, Minister for Education 1957 to 1959, Minister for Gaeltacht Affairs from March 1957 to June 1957, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Lands and Parliamentary Secretary to the Taoiseach from 1951 to 1954. He"
"Erskine Hamilton Childers Erskine Hamilton Childers (11 December 1905 – 17 November 1974) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the fourth President of Ireland from June 1973 to November 1974. He also served as Tánaiste and Minister for Health from 1969 to 1973, Minister for Transport and Power from 1959 to 1969, Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1951 to 1954 and 1966 to 1969, Minister without portfolio in July 1959, Minister for Lands from 1957 to 1959 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Local Government from 1944 to 1948. He served as a Teachta Dála"
"Head of state of Ireland (1936 to 1949) During the period from December 1936 to April 1949, some commentators consider that it was unclear whether or not the Irish state was a republic or a form of constitutional monarchy and (from 1937) whether its head of state was the President of Ireland or King George VI. The exact constitutional status of the state during this period has been a matter of scholarly and political dispute. The Oireachtas removed all references to the monarch from the revised constitution in 1936, but under statute law the British monarch continued to play a"
"Irish Free State. The seven-year term of office of the President was inspired by that of the presidents of Weimar Germany. At the time the office was established critics warned that the post might lead to the emergence of a dictatorship. However, these fears were not borne out as successive Presidents played a limited, largely apolitical role in national affairs. During the period of 1937 to 1949 it was unclear whether the Irish head of state was actually the President of Ireland or George VI, the king of Ireland. This period of confusion ended in 1949 when the state was"
"Maurice Moynihan Maurice Gerard Moynihan (14 December 1902 – 21 August 1999) was an Irish civil servant and economist who served as the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland from 1960 to 1969. He was also co-drafter of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland, Secretary of the Government of the Irish Free State in 1937 and Knight Commander of the Papal Order of St. Gregory the Great in 1959. Moynihan was born in Tralee, County Kerry, brother of Sean O'Muimhneachain, a member of the Irish Volunteers, and later Sinn Féin and both sons of Mary and Maurice Moynihan (died 1918)"
"1973 Irish general election The Irish general election of 1973 was held on 28 February 1973. The newly elected 144 members of the 20th Dáil assembled at Leinster House on 4 March when the new Taoiseach and government were appointed. The general election took place in 42 parliamentary constituencies throughout Ireland for 144 seats in the lower house of parliament, Dáil Éireann. By the time the general election was called in 1973, Fianna Fáil had been in power for almost sixteen consecutive years. During that period the party had seen three different leaders, Éamon de Valera, Seán Lemass and the"
"Ireland, Douglas Hyde, in Dublin Castle in June 1938. Ua Buachalla and de Valera reunited as political partners, and in a symbolic act of apology, de Valera, when elected President of Ireland in 1959 appointed Ua Buachalla to his advisory Council of State. However, he returned to Maynooth to continue running his family business, the hardware store which had been founded in 1853. Domhnall Ua Buachalla died, aged 97, in a nursing home in Dublin. He was given a state funeral and buried in Laraghbryan Cemetery in Maynooth, with the graveside oration delivered by President de Valera. The Ua Buachalla"
"on 7 October, with noon on 21 October as the deadline for nominations, and 23 November set as the date for a contest. The only candidate nominated was Patrick Hillery, who had the right to nominate himself, and he was declared elected at the close of nominations. Hillery was inaugurated for his second term as President of Ireland on 3 December 1983. 1983 Irish presidential election In the Irish presidential election of 1983 outgoing President Patrick Hillery agreed under enormous political pressure to seek a second term. Though former Nobel Peace Prize and Lenin Peace Prize winner Seán MacBride made"
"Ireland in 1973, defeating the odds-on favourite, the National Coalition's Tom O'Higgins. In 1975 Lynch allowed Charles Haughey to return to his Front Bench as Spokesperson on Health. There was much media criticism of Lynch for this move. In the same year the Foreign Affairs Spokesperson, Michael O'Kennedy, published a Fianna Fáil policy document calling for a withdrawal of British forces from Northern Ireland. The document was an echo of Fianna Fáil's republican origins, and although Lynch was not happy with it, he did not stop it. Controversy continued to dog the National Coalition when the President of Ireland, Cearbhall"
"in 1959 and was replaced by James Dillon. After defeat in the 1965 general election, Dillon resigned and was replaced by Liam Cosgrave, son of W. T. Cosgrave. Liam Cosgrave served as Taoiseach from 1973–77. Cosgrave resigned after the Fine Gael–Labour Party government lost power at the 1977 general election. Garret FitzGerald succeeded him as leader and served as Taoiseach from June 1981 to March 1982 and December 1982 to March 1987. FitzGerald resigned in 1987 after losing the 1987 general election and was replaced by Alan Dukes. After defeats at the 1989 general election and the 1990 presidential election,"
"of Ireland to explain his actions, most notably following the 1947 Education Act which made the government responsible for the payment of National Insurance contributions of teachers in Catholic Church-controlled schools. Ian Paisley called for Brookeborough's resignation in 1953 when he refused to sack Brian Maginess and Clarence Graham, who had given speeches supporting re-admitting Catholics to the UUP. He retired in 1963 and was replaced by Terence O'Neill, who emerged ahead of other candidates, Jack Andrews and Faulkner. In the 1960s, identifying with the civil rights movement of Martin Luther King and encouraged by attempts at reform under O'Neill,"
"serving as a judge of the European Court of Justice from 1973 at the time of his nomination. All parties agreed to Ó Dálaigh's nomination. As no other candidate was nominated, it was not necessary to proceed to a ballot for his election. Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh was inaugurated as president on 19 December 1974. 1974 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1974 resulted from the sudden death in office of President Erskine H. Childers. Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh was elected unopposed as the fifth president of Ireland. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president"
"is commonly stated that Ó Dálaigh and Cusack picketed the Dublin launch of Disney's ""Darby O'Gill and the Little People"" in 1959, for what they felt was the film's stereotyping of Irish people. However, there is no known contemporary reference to this having occurred. In 1972, Taoiseach Jack Lynch suggested to the opposition parties that they agree to nominate Ó Dálaigh to become President of Ireland when President de Valera's last term ended in June of the following year. Fine Gael, confident that its prospective candidate Tom O'Higgins would win the 1973 presidential election (he had almost defeated de Valera"