"categorized as crown infractions, enamel-only fracture, enamel-dentin fractures, and fractures that extend through the enamel and dentin into the pulp which are defined below. In addition to tooth fractures, there are several types of bone fractures as well. These types being closed or simple, open or compound, greenstick, hairline, complicated, comminuted, avulsion, and compression.A complicated fracture is when the structures surrounding the fracture are injured, such as blood vessels, organs, nerves, etc. Overuse injuries can be defined as injuries that result from a mechanism of repetitive and cumulative micro-trauma, without a specific onset incident. Rapid changes in physical growth can"
"stress hypothesis, but focuses on organic compounds. The three compounds seriously discussed are ethylene, aniline, and dinitrophenol. Even at low levels these organic chemical compounds have caused: abnormal dropping of foliage, twisted foliage, and killing of seedlings. This is proposed by Fritz Führ. Changes in mean annual temperature and drought are major contributing factors to forest dieback. As more carbon is released from dead trees, especially in the Amazon and Boreal forests, more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere. Increased levels of greenhouse gases increase the temperature of the atmosphere. The feedback loop is reinforced and the biological adaptations"
"adults, children can return their stress levels to tolerable or good. Examples of toxic stress are abuse, neglect, violence and overall hardship without adult support. Toxic stress can have a cumulative effect on physical and mental health. Allostatic load is ""the wear and tear on the body"" that accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress. It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response that results from repeated or chronic toxic stress. The term was coined by Bruce McEwen and E. Stellar in 1993. Stress is encountered in four"
"to stress, but after a while polyamine levels decrease and resemble those of non-stressed plants, even if the stress conditions persist. Polyamines in plant stress Polyamines (PAs) are small, positively charged, organic molecules that are ubiquitous in all living organisms. These are considered as one of the oldest group of substances known in biochemistry. There are three common types of polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, hermospermine according to structure, universal distribution in all cellular compartments, and presumed involvement in physiological activities. Polyamine is found in all cellular compartments and physiological activities due to their simple structures. The function of polyamine is very"
"Sometimes the same components as those of a compound word are used in a descriptive phrase with a different meaning and with stress on both words, but then this descriptive phrase is not usually considered a compound, e.g. ""bláck bírd"" (any bird that is black) and ""bláckbird"" (a specific bird species) and ""páper bág"" (a bag made of paper) and ""páper bag"" (very rarely used to mean a bag for carrying newspapers, often also used to mean a bag made of paper). Dialects of the same language may have different stress placement. For instance, the English word ""laboratory"" is stressed"
"various parts of the plant as needed over the course of the growing season. Stress tolerators are plant species that live in areas of high intensity stress and low intensity disturbance. Species that have adapted this strategy generally have slow growth rates, long-lived leaves, high rates of nutrient retention, and low phenotypic plasticity. Stress tolerators respond to environmental stresses through physiological variability. These species are often found in stressful environments such as alpine or arid habitats, deep shade, nutrient deficient soils, and areas of extreme pH levels. Ruderals are plant species that prosper in situations of high intensity disturbance and"
"differential stress exists, or it may be inelastic -- that is the deformation due to a particular stress event remains even after the stress is removed. In the latter case, inelastic deformation, the stress field responsible for the deformation if it can be inferred, is, then, the ""paleostress"". Anderson's classic analysis of faulting serves as a simple application of paleostress analysis in terms of principal components of stress. Zoback and Zoback's (1986) synthesis of contemporary stress measurements in North America was subsequently expanded to a global study (Zoback et al., 1989) which continues as the World Stress Project. Only a"
"should be treated as a clipping or as a blend, for the border between the two types is not always clear. According to Bauer (1983), the easiest way to draw the distinction is to say that those forms which retain compound stress are clipped compounds, whereas those that take simple word stress are not. By this criterion ""bodbiz, Chicom, Comsymp, Intelsat, midcult, pro""-""am, photo op, sci-fi"", and ""sitcom"" are all compounds made of clippings. Clipping (morphology) In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). Clipping"
"Stress fiber Stress fibers are contractile actin bundles found in non-muscle cells. They are composed of actin (microfilaments) and non-muscle myosin II (NMMII), and also contain various crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin, to form a highly regulated actomyosin structure within non-muscle cells. Stress fibers have been shown to play an important role in cellular contractility, providing force for a number of functions such as cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Stress fibers are primarily composed of actin and myosin. Actin is a ~43kDa globular protein, and can polymerize to form long filamentous structures.These filaments are made of two strands of actin"
"Stress fiber Stress fibers are contractile actin bundles found in non-muscle cells. They are composed of actin (microfilaments) and non-muscle myosin II (NMMII), and also contain various crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin, to form a highly regulated actomyosin structure within non-muscle cells. Stress fibers have been shown to play an important role in cellular contractility, providing force for a number of functions such as cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Stress fibers are primarily composed of actin and myosin. Actin is a ~43kDa globular protein, and can polymerize to form long filamentous structures.These filaments are made of two strands of actin"
"one of three degrees of stress: ""primary"", ""secondary"" or ""unstressed"". Ordinarily, in each such word there will be exactly one syllable with primary stress, possibly one syllable having secondary stress, and the remainder are unstressed. For example, the word ""amazing"" has primary stress on the second syllable, while the first and third syllables are unstressed, whereas the word ""organization"" has primary stress on the fourth syllable, secondary stress on the first, and the second, third and fifth unstressed. This is often shown in pronunciation keys using the IPA symbols for primary and secondary stress (which are ˈ and ˌ respectively),"
"Stress–strength analysis Stress–strength analysis is the analysis of the strength of the materials and the interference of the stresses placed on the materials, where ""materials"" is not necessarily the raw goods or parts, but can be an entire system. Stress-Strength Analysis is a tool used in reliability engineering. Environmental stresses have a distribution with a mean formula_1 and a standard deviation formula_2 and component strengths have a distribution with a mean formula_3 and a standard deviation formula_4. The overlap of these distributions is the probability of failure formula_5. This overlap is also referred to stress-strength interference. If the distributions for"
"of which are outlined below: Every phoneme except ""o"" and ""h"" can occur initially, medially, or finally; ""o"" and ""h"" are never word-final. Clusters of two obstruents, geminate consonant pairs, and clusters of a sonorant followed by an obstruent are all common. Consonant clusters ending in a sonorant usually don't occur except in geminate pairs or when they occur initially through the use of one of the personal pronoun prefixes. Clusters of three consonants can occur, and are almost always of the form ""CsC"". The most basic and common syllable structures are ""CV"" and ""CVC"". Stress is assigned based on"
"Biotic stress Biotic stress is stress that occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants. It is different from abiotic stress, which is the negative impact of non-living factors on the organisms such as temperature, sunlight, wind, salinity, flooding and drought. The types of biotic stresses imposed on an organism depend the climate where it lives as well as the species' ability to resist particular stresses. Biotic stress remains a broadly defined term and those who study it"
"compound words and prefixed words, usually have one or sometimes two secondary, (or weaker) stresses. The further the secondary stress is from the main stress, the stronger it is. For example, In international words, which consist of three poorly inter-flowing parts, two secondary stresses may occur. For example, Long syllables, that is, those containing a long vowel, a diphthong, or a mixed diphthong which ends in a sonorant, may have one of two types of accents: the acute or the circumflex. In an unstressed position, the opposition of the two accents is neutralized and reflected by a circumflex accent. In"
"Polyamines in plant stress Polyamines (PAs) are small, positively charged, organic molecules that are ubiquitous in all living organisms. These are considered as one of the oldest group of substances known in biochemistry. There are three common types of polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, hermospermine according to structure, universal distribution in all cellular compartments, and presumed involvement in physiological activities. Polyamine is found in all cellular compartments and physiological activities due to their simple structures. The function of polyamine is very diverse in that it performs a key macromolecule to cellular membrane. Because of their essential roles in plant, mutation of polyamines"
"Hyperelastic material A hyperelastic or green elastic material is a type of constitutive model for ideally elastic material for which the stress–strain relationship derives from a strain energy density function. The hyperelastic material is a special case of a Cauchy elastic material. For many materials, linear elastic models do not accurately describe the observed material behaviour. The most common example of this kind of material is rubber, whose stress-strain relationship can be defined as non-linearly elastic, isotropic, incompressible and generally independent of strain rate. Hyperelasticity provides a means of modeling the stress–strain behavior of such materials. The behavior of unfilled,"
"""social stress"" and ""physical stress"", but both types activate the HPA axis, though via different pathways. Several monoamine neurotransmitters are important in regulating the HPA axis, especially dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). There is evidence that an increase in oxytocin, resulting for instance from positive social interactions, acts to suppress the HPA axis and thereby counteracts stress, promoting positive health effects such as wound healing. The HPA axis is a feature of mammals and other vertebrates. For example, biologists studying stress in fish showed that social subordination leads to chronic stress, related to reduced aggressive interactions, to lack of control,"
"stress is on the rise and that the three leading sources of stress were ""money"", ""family responsibility"", and ""work"". Stress (biology) Physiological or biological stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition. Stress is the body's method of reacting to a condition such as a threat, challenge or physical and psychological barrier. Stimuli that alter an organism's environment are responded to by multiple systems in the body. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are two major systems that respond to stress. The sympathoadrenal medullary (SAM) axis may activate the fight-or-flight response through the"
"sequence of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one, which does not occur in non-compound words. In some cases, the first element of a compound has only one syllable, resulting in two adjacent stressed syllables. Hence, stress is lexically significant in that it can distinguish compounds from non-compounds. Recent loanwords generally keep the stress of the language they were borrowed from, assigning secondary stress to the syllable that was stressed in the original word. The normal trochaic pattern can also be broken in this case, but words will still be made to fit into the even or odd inflection"
"links type grasslands develop with a range of grassland herbs which benefit from the reasonable nutrient status and moderately high pH of the more stable soils, especially when enough humus has accumulated in stabilised soils for water retention to be improved. Species like red fescue and lady's bedstraw are adapted to compete with each other - for nutrients, growing space and light, and are known as CSR plants - i.e. having features of Competitors, Stress tolerators and Ruderals in more or less equal proportions. There may also be areas in old blow-outs where groundwater is near the surface, and often"
"and stop are only allowed in codas. Clusters of obstruents always agree invoicing, and clusters of sibilants and of plosives with the same point of articulation are prohibited. Furthermore, several consonants have limited distributions: can only occur in syllable-initial position, and only in syllable-final position. Stress plays an important role in English. Certain syllables are stressed, while others are unstressed. Stress is a combination of duration, intensity, vowel quality, and sometimes changes in pitch. Stressed syllables are pronounced longer and louder than unstressed syllables, and vowels in unstressed syllables are frequently reduced while vowels in stressed syllables are not. Some"
"by a grave diacritic . Stress is free and can occur on any syllable of the word. However, it rarely occurs more than four syllables before the end of the word. Some nouns and adjectives have ""fixed stress"", that is, an accent remains on the same stem syllable in all the inflections. Other nouns and adjectives have ""mobile stress"" where the accent moves from place to place, particularly between stem and ending. In each declension of the noun or adjective, there are four accent classes, one fixed and three mobile, all with different patterns of movement. Stress is a complex"
"as defined to Walter Cannon (1871–1945), is any disturbance that imbalances the internal environment of an organism (i.e. their homeostasis). There are two major types of stressors that cause stress to animals: abiotic stressors and biotic stressors. Abiotic stressors are any ecological, geological, or climate changes that causes stress to the animal, such as increased temperatures and natural disasters. Biotic stressors are living things related complications that causes stress, such as dominance, pollution, infection, social pressures, and competition. Animals can respond with physiological responses, behavioural responses, psychological responses, or physical responses (fight-or-flight). Canon argued that there are two possible choices"
"stress comes on the last syllable. In an interrogative sentence which uses a question word, there is a rising and then falling of pitch near the beginning and a drop at the end. In yes-no questions, there is a sharp rise in pitch at the end of the sentence. The modulations of pitch for expressing exclamations, quotations, etc. is generally much more pronounced in Menominee than in English. Bloomfield states there are five overarching categories in Menominee: noun, pronoun, negator, verb, and particle. Nouns, pronouns, negators, and verbs all take inflection whereas particles do not carry any morphology. Agreement morphology"
"expressed as The second consistency condition above can be derived by noting that These relations can then be substituted into the consistency condition for isotropic incompressible hyperelastic materials. Hyperelastic material A hyperelastic or green elastic material is a type of constitutive model for ideally elastic material for which the stress–strain relationship derives from a strain energy density function. The hyperelastic material is a special case of a Cauchy elastic material. For many materials, linear elastic models do not accurately describe the observed material behaviour. The most common example of this kind of material is rubber, whose stress-strain relationship can be"
"measured in the body. When tabulated in the form of allostatic load indices using sophisticated analytical methods, it gives an indication of cumulative lifetime effects of all types of stress on the body. To reduce and manage high Allostatic Load, an individual should pay attention to structural and behavioural factors. Structural factors include the social environment, and access to health services. Behavioural factors include diet, physical health and tobacco smoking, which can lead to chronic disease. Actions such as tobacco smoking are brought about from the stress levels that an individual experiences. Therefore, controlling stress levels from the beginning, for"
"in sequence to form sentences, each retains its own stress domain. However, when two or more words are compounded, they are treated as a single word and form a new single stress domain in which the aforementioned patterns apply. Examples include ""hąąbókahi"" ’every day’ (a compound consisting of ""hąąp"" ’day’ and ""hokahí"" ’every’) and ""wąągwácek"" ’young man’ (""wąąk"" ’man’ and ""wácek"" ’young’). Ho-Chunk's stress system is substantially different from that of other Siouan languages, which have main stress on the second syllable or second mora. It is theorized that Ho-Chunk underwent a stress shift one mora to the right at"
"a ""black board,"" adjective plus noun, is any board that is black, and has equal stress on both elements. The compound ""blackboard"", on the other hand, though it may have started out historically as ""black board"", now is stressed on only the first element, ""black"". Thus a compound such as ""the White House"" normally has a falling intonation which a phrase such as ""a white house"" does not. English compound modifiers are constructed in a very similar way to the compound noun. ""Blackboard Jungle"", ""leftover ingredients"", ""gunmetal sheen"", and ""green monkey disease"" are only a few examples. A compound modifier"
"is negative stress, are significant. While colloquially lumped together, the various types of stress should be treated as separate concepts. Selye proposed that there are four variations of stress. On one axis, there is good stress (eustress) and bad stress (distress). On the other is over-stress (hyperstress) and understress (hypostress). The goal is to balance these as much as possible. The ultimate goal would be to balance hyperstress and hypostress perfectly and have as much eustress as possible. It is extremely useful for a productive lifestyle because it makes working enjoyable instead of a chore, as seen with distress. Eustress"
"QTLs for chlorophyll content (Chl1, Chl2, and Chl3) (coincided with three stay-green QTL regions (Stg1, Stg2, and Stg3)) were identified in Sorghum. The Stg1 and Stg2 regions also contain the genes for key photosynthetic enzymes, heat shock proteins, and an abscisic acid (ABA) responsive gene. (F) Photosynthesis Decliend photosynthesis is suggested as measure of heat stress sensitivity in plants. (G) Stem reserve remobilization The physiological-trait-based breeding approach has merit over breeding for yield ""per se"" because it increases the probability of crosses resulting in additive gene action. The concept of combination phenomics comes from the idea that two or more"
"green food colorings which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials. Quinoline Yellow (E104) is a commonly used coloring in the United Kingdom but is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States. Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia. To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts, such as barium chlorate, barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride, also"
"representative of Du Pont’s award-winning anthranilic diamide family of broad spectrum insecticides. Within ""fungicides"", the strobilurins, a new class, are growing rapidly and already have captured more than 30% of the $10 billion global fungicide market. Syngenta’s azoxystrobin was the first product launched. Also BASF’s F-500 Series, a.o. pyraclostrobin and kresoxim-methyl, Bayer CropScience, and Monsanto are developing new compounds in this class. Combination pesticides, such as Monsanto’s Genuity and SmartStax are more and more frequently used. Apart from life sciences, specialty chemicals -and therefore also their active ingredients, commodities or fine chemicals, as the case may be- are used ubiquitously,"