"Et cetera Et cetera (in English; ; ), abbreviated to etc., etc, &c., or &c, is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean ""and other similar things"", or ""and so forth"". Translated literally from Latin, means 'and', while means 'the rest'; thus the expression means 'and the rest (of such things)'. It is a calque of the Koine Greek , 'and the other things'. (The more usual Greek form was , 'and the remainder'.) The one-word spelling ""etcetera"" appears in some dictionaries. The abbreviated form ""&c."" or ""&c"" is still occasionally used. (The ampersand character, ""&"", derives"
"the king as wanting to impress everyone with his breadth of great knowledge and the importance of one with no need to expound. This reflected the usage in the novel, ""Anna and the King of Siam"", which expressed that king's playful understanding of innumerable things with the phrase, ""&c., &c."" ""Et cetera"" and derivatives, such as ""etceteras"", have long been, and still are, used airily, humorously or dismissively, often as a cadigan, for example: Et cetera Et cetera (in English; ; ), abbreviated to etc., etc, &c., or &c, is a Latin expression that is used in English to mean"
"from a ligature of .) The phrase ""et cetera"" is often used to denote the logical continuation of some sort of series of descriptions. For example, in the following expression: ""We will need a lot of bread: wheat, granary, wholemeal, etc."" In blackletter (Gothic or Fraktur) typography, the ""r rotunda"" (ꝛ) is sometimes used for ""et"" in place of the similar-looking Tironian et (⁊), followed by ""c"", to yield ""ꝛc"". In the 1956 film ""The King and I"", Yul Brynner repeatedly used the expression """"...et cetera, et cetera, et cetera..."""" in his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam, to characterize"
"tradition, this line is in the hexameter verse used in Greek and Latin epic poetry. All other Latin verses cited in this page are hexameters as well. The fact that ""et"" follows ""nos"" and is accented in the hexameter's rhythm gives an emphasis to it. In this position ""et"", normally meaning ""and,"" can take an emphatic meaning and signify ""also, too,"" or ""even"". ""Tempora,"" a neuter plural and the subject of the first clause, means ""times"". ""Mutantur"" is a third person plural present passive, meaning ""are changed."" ""Nos"" is the personal pronoun and subject of the second clause, meaning ""we,"""
"etc."" of 1595, Shakespeare's source work for other plays. According to Plutarch, after the assassination, Brutus stepped forward as if to say something to his fellow senators; they, however, fled the building. Brutus and his companions then marched to the Capitol while crying out to their beloved city: ""People of Rome, we are once again free!"" They were met with silence, as the citizens of Rome had locked themselves inside their houses as soon as the rumour of what had taken place had begun to spread. Caesar's dead body lay where it fell on the Senate floor for nearly three"
"animal, comprising in Cicero's enumeration the gall bladder (""fel""), liver (""iecur""), heart (""cor""), and lungs (""pulmones""). The ""exta"" were exposed for litation (divine approval) as part of Roman liturgy, but were ""read"" in the context of the ""disciplina Etrusca"". As a product of Roman sacrifice, the ""exta"" and blood are reserved for the gods, while the meat ""(viscera)"" is shared among human beings in a communal meal. The ""exta"" of bovine victims were usually stewed in a pot (""olla"" or ""aula""), while those of sheep or pigs were grilled on skewers. When the deity's portion was cooked, it was sprinkled"
"a certain action. In Latin, the similar word ""ille"" and its declensions, which was at first an intensified article usually translated as ""that"", is the source of the derivations of the simple word for ""the"" and the personal pronouns (he, ""etc."") in the languages derived from Latin. Furthermore, ""teh"" can be used in front of a verb in a novel form of gerund, and it has the ability to turn nearly any word into an intensified noun, which can take the place of a superlative. The best-known example of this is the word ""suck"". Thus, the phrase ""this sucks"" can"
"in nullo vetere scripto inveniri."" https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Noctes_Atticae/Liber_XI Latin interjections There are many interjections in the Latin language, though by their nature they are not often found in the formal register of written Classical Latin, being mostly attested in certain comedies, by playwrights such as Terence and Plautus, which are written in a style more similar to Vulgar Latin. Terms used to express surprise or attract attention include ""heu!"" or ""eheu!"" (alas!), more commonly ""vae!"" with the same meaning, ""euge!"" (hurrah!) and ""amen!"" (truly, let it be) borrowed from the Hebrew. Invocations of the lower gods are plenty; most commonly ""Pol!"" (by"
"begins with the following passage: Latin Latin (Latin: , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet. Latin was originally spoken in the area surrounding Rome, known as Latium. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the western Roman Empire. Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Greek, and French have contributed many words to the English"
"and ""ex"", in ""-es"" (""aitches, esses, exes""). Plurals of vowels end in ""-es"" (""aes, ees, ies, oes, ues""); these are rare. All letters may stand for themselves, generally in capitalized form (""okay"" or ""OK"", ""emcee"" or ""MC""), and plurals may be based on these (""aes"" or ""As"", ""cees"" or ""Cs"", etc."") The names of the letters are for the most part direct descendants, via French, of the Latin (and Etruscan) names. (See Latin alphabet: Origins.) The regular phonological developments (in rough chronological order) are: The novel forms are ""aitch"", a regular development of Medieval Latin ""acca""; ""jay"", a new letter"
"Latin interjections There are many interjections in the Latin language, though by their nature they are not often found in the formal register of written Classical Latin, being mostly attested in certain comedies, by playwrights such as Terence and Plautus, which are written in a style more similar to Vulgar Latin. Terms used to express surprise or attract attention include ""heu!"" or ""eheu!"" (alas!), more commonly ""vae!"" with the same meaning, ""euge!"" (hurrah!) and ""amen!"" (truly, let it be) borrowed from the Hebrew. Invocations of the lower gods are plenty; most commonly ""Pol!"" (by Pollux!) and ""mehercle!"" (my Hercules!) while"
"and ""hic"" (""this""), almost always precede the noun in both in Caesar (99%) and in Cicero's speeches (95%). When it follows a noun in unemphatic position, ""hic"" can often mean ""the aforementioned"": In the same way, when it follows a noun, ""ille"" can sometimes mean ""that famous"": But more frequently, even when it means ""the aforementioned"", and also when it means ""this one here"", ""hic"" will precede the noun: The pronouns ""alius"" ""another"", ""alter"" ""another (of two)"", ""ullus"" ""any"", and ""nullus"" ""no"", when used adjectivally, precede the noun in most cases (93% in both Caesar and Cicero). ""in another place"""
"is a ligature for the letters ""Et"". In English and many other languages it is used to represent the word ""and"" and occasionally the Latin word ""et"", as in the abbreviation ""&c"" (et cetera). The apostrophe, while not considered part of the English alphabet, is used to contract English words. A few pairs of words, such as ""its"" (belonging to ""it"") and ""it's"" (""it is"" or ""it has""), ""were"" (form of 'to be') and ""we're"" (we are), and ""shed"" (to get rid of) and ""she'd"" (""she would"" or ""she had"") are distinguished in writing only by the presence or absence"
"Latin Latin (Latin: , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, and ultimately from the Phoenician alphabet. Latin was originally spoken in the area surrounding Rome, known as Latium. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the western Roman Empire. Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Greek, and French have contributed many words to the English language. In particular, Latin and"
"the gall bladder (""fel""), liver (""iecur""), heart (""cor""), and lungs (""pulmones""). The ""exta"" were exposed for litatio (divine approval) as part of Roman liturgy, but were ""read"" in the context of the ""disciplina Etrusca"". As a product of Roman sacrifice, the ""exta"" and blood are reserved for the gods, while the meat ""(viscera)"" is shared among human beings in a communal meal. The ""exta"" of bovine victims were usually stewed in a pot (""olla"" or ""aula""), while those of sheep or pigs were grilled on skewers. When the deity's portion was cooked, it was sprinkled with ""mola salsa"" (ritually prepared"
"Aequitas Aequitas (genitive ""aequitatis"") is the Latin concept of justice, equality, conformity, symmetry, or fairness. It is the origin of the English word ""equity"". In ancient Rome, it could refer to either the legal concept of equity, or fairness between individuals. Cicero defined ""aequitas"" as ""tripartite"": the first, he said, pertained to the gods above ""(ad superos deos)"" and is equivalent to ""pietas"", religious obligation; the second, to the Manes, the underworld spirits or spirits of the dead, and was ""sanctitas"", that which is sacred; and the third pertaining to human beings ""(homines)"" was ""iustitia"", ""justice"". During the Roman Empire,"
"(""ergasterii nota""), an unemployed person (""invite otiosus""), a waltz (""chorea Vindobonensis""), and even a miniskirt (""tunicula minima"") and hot pants (""brevissimae bracae femineae""). Some 600 such terms extracted from the book appear on a page of the Vatican website. The Latinitas Foundation was superseded by the Pontifical Academy for Latin () in 2012. Latin remains the official language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Until the 1960s and still later in Roman colleges like the Gregorian, Roman Catholic priests studied theology using Latin textbooks and the language of instruction in many seminaries was also"
"from ""eccum"" ""behold (it!)"" (still vigorous in Italy as ""Ecco!"" 'Behold!'), possibly with influence from ""atque"" ""and"". Reinforced demonstratives such as ""accu""-""ille"" arose as ""ille"" came to be used as an article as well as a demonstrative. Such forms were often created even when not strictly needed to distinguish otherwise ambiguous forms. Italian, for example, has both ""questo"" ""this"" (""eccu""-""istum"") and ""quello"" ""that"" (""eccu""-""illum""), in addition to dialectal ""codesto"" ""that (near you)"" (*""eccu-tē-istum""). French generally prefers forms derived from bare ""ecce"" ""behold"", as in the pronoun ""ce"" ""this one/that one"" (earlier ""ço"", from ""ecce""-""hoc""; cf. Italian ""ciò"" 'that') and the"
"using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Eta Eta (uppercase ', lowercase '; ""ē̂ta"" or ""ita"" ) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. Originally denoting a consonant /h/, its sound value in the classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek was a long vowel , raised to in hellenistic Greek, a process known as iotacism. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 8. It was derived from the Phoenician letter heth . Letters that arose from eta include the Latin H and the Cyrillic letter И. The letter shape"
"Satis Superque"" ""enough and more"", Albus an Ater"" ""white or black"", Publica Privata"" ""public and private"", and so on. Legal and religious phrases included such as Tabulae Testesque"" ""tablets and witnesses"", Arae et Altaria"" ""altars and shrines"", Tecta Templa"" ""houses and temples"", Fortes Fideles"" ""brave and loyal"", Fusi Fugati"" ""routed and put to flight"", Fors Fortuna"" ""Chance and Fortune"". Frequently such alliterating phrases show asyndeton, i.e. the two words are placed side by side with no conjunction such as ""et"" ""and"". Another example of this is the boast ""Veni Vidi Vici"" ""I came, I saw, I conquered"" attributed to Julius"
"etc. for el meu, el teu, el seu (etc. (mine, yours, his) - these variations are not only restricted to the Empordanese Catalan, but are also in use, albeit not often, in Central Catalan; and are generally understood by all Central Catalan speakers. Con and contes etc. for quan, quant and quantes. (when, which (m.sing, f.plur) An inversion of the personal pronouns: me, te, se instead of em, et, es (me, you, him). The use of a 3rd person subjunctive ending in u instead of i: llamp me matu for llamp em mati (strike me down, lit. lightning kill me)."
"Eta Eta (uppercase ', lowercase '; ""ē̂ta"" or ""ita"" ) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. Originally denoting a consonant /h/, its sound value in the classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek was a long vowel , raised to in hellenistic Greek, a process known as iotacism. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 8. It was derived from the Phoenician letter heth . Letters that arose from eta include the Latin H and the Cyrillic letter И. The letter shape 'H' was originally used in most Greek dialects to represent the sound /h/,"
"peace [belongs] to men of good will on earth"". The Vulgate text means ""Glory [belongs] to God among the most high and peace among men of good will on earth"". Probably the most well known difference between the Vetus Latina and the Vulgate is in the Pater Noster, where the phrase from the Vetus Latina, ""quotidianum panem"", ""daily bread"", becomes ""supersubstantialem panem"", ""supersubstantial bread"" in the Vulgate. Vetus Latina Vetus Latina (""Old Latin"" in Latin), also known as Vetus Itala (""Old Italian""), Itala (""Italian"") and Old Italic, is the collective name given to the Latin translations of biblical texts (both"
"""dime"". Italian ""decima""; Spanish ""diezmo""); Vulgar Latin ""dignitate"" > OF ""deintié"" (> E ""dainty"". Occitan ""dinhitat""; Italian ""dignità""; Spanish ""dignidad""); VL ""catena"" > OF ""chaiene"" (> E ""chain"". Occitan ""cadena""; Italian ""catena""; Spanish ""cadena""). On the other hand, a common word like L ""aqua"" > Occitan ""aigue"" became OF ""ewe"" > F ""eau"" 'water' (and ""évier"" sink), likely influenced by the OS or OHG word pronunciation ""aha"" (PG *""ahwo""). In addition, two new phonemes that no longer existed in Vulgar Latin were added: [h] and [w] (> OF ""g(u)-"", ONF ""w-"" cf. Picard ""w-""), e.g. VL ""altu"" > OF ""halt"""
"it) in word and image, even in numbers. Among the others may be mentioned the ""De universo libri xxii., sive etymologiarum opus"", a kind of dictionary or encyclopedia, heavily dependent upon Isidore of Seville's ""Etymologies"", designed as a help towards the typological, historical and mystical interpretation of Scripture, the ""De sacris ordinibus"", the ""De disciplina ecclesiastica"" and the ""Martyrologium"". All of them are characterized by erudition (he knew even some Greek and Hebrew). In the annals of German philology a special interest attaches to the ""Glossaria Latino-Theodisca"". A commentary, ""Super Porphyrium"", printed by Cousin in 1836 among the ""Ouvrages inédits"
"distinction. This results in a quite elaborated set of demonstratives. Latin had several sets of demonstratives, including ""hic"", ""haec"", ""hoc"" (""this near me""); ""iste"", ""ista"", ""istud"" (""that near you""); and ""ille"", ""illa"", ""illud"" (""that over there"") – note that Latin has not only number, but also three grammatical genders. The third set of Latin demonstratives (""ille"", etc.), developed into the definite articles in most Romance languages, such as ""el"", ""la"", ""los"", ""las"" in Spanish, and ""le"", ""la"", ""les"" in French. With the exception of Romanian, and some varieties of Spanish and Portuguese, the neuter gender has been lost in the"
"is not fundamental in Latin, but either ""amita"" ""Father's Sister"" or ""matertera"" ""Mother's Sister"" must be chosen. Latin and Sudanese are called a ""descriptive systems,"" and Hawaiian is called a ""classificatory"" system, but this terminology is English-centered (see Lewis H. Morgan), the difference being one of degree, rather than kind. Categories of plants, ""Useful"" and ""Harmful,"" etc., are yet another well-known example. Indeed, in recent years there has been a vogue usage of the term ethnotaxonomy limiting it to ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology, because of the ""rediscovery"" of the medicinal and commercial value of plants disclosed by examining the botanical ethnotaxonomies"
"etc.). A superset of this language, called the Bach language, is defined as the set of all strings where ""a"", ""b"" and ""c"" (or any other set of three symbols) occurs equally often (, , etc.) and is also context-sensitive. Similarly: formula_5 is another context-sensitive language; the corresponding context-sensitive grammar can be easily projected starting with two context-free grammars generating sentential forms in the formats formula_6 and formula_7 and then supplementing them with a permutation production like formula_8, a new starting symbol and standard syntactic sugar. formula_9 is another context-sensitive language (the ""3"" in the name of this language is"
"etc.) to trivial (romance, games) can be any kind of imaginative encoding: flowers, game cards, clothes, fans, hats, melodies, birds, etc., in which the sole requisite is the pre-agreement on the meaning by both the sender and the receiver. Other examples of encoding include: Other examples of decoding include: Acronyms and abbreviations can be considered codes, and in a sense all languages and writing systems are codes for human thought. International Air Transport Association airport codes are three-letter codes used to designate airports and used for bag tags. Station codes are similarly used on railways, but are usually national, so"
"and number with the nouns they refer to, as in the following, where ""hic"" is masculine agreeing with ""amor"", but ""haec"" is feminine, agreeing with ""patria"": There is no indefinite article or definite article (the, a, an). Sometimes the weak determiner """" (English ""that"", ""this"") can serve for the definite article: Latin also has demonstratives, such as ' (masculine, feminine and neuter proximal, corresponding to English ""this"" or ""this one near me""), ' (distal, English ""that""), ' (medial, ""that one of yours""), and ' (""weak"" demonstrative, ""he, she, it""). These words, like all Latin third person pronouns can be used"
"dates, because they are in the format of 'in the tenth year of Caesar', etc. which also carried over into the anno Domini system and Christian dating, e.g. ""annō post Christum nātum centēsimō"" for AD 100. Based on the ordinary ordinals is another series of adjectives: ""prīmārius"" 'of the first rank', ""secundārius"" 'of the second class, of inferior quality', ""tertiārius"" 'containing a third part', ""quārtārius"" 'a quarter, fourth part', ""quīntārius"" 'containing five parts', 'five-sixths', ""sextārius"" 'a one-sixth part of a measure', and so on. Certain nouns in Latin were ""plurālia tantum"", i.e. nouns that were plural but which had a"
"Latin term ""bōlētus"" ""mushroom"", which was borrowed in turn from the Ancient Greek βωλίτης, ""terrestrial fungus"". Ultimately, this last word derives from ""bōlos""/βῶλος ""lump"", ""clod"", and, metaphorically, ""mushroom"". The βωλίτης of Galen, like the ""boletus"" of Latin writers like Martial, Seneca and Petronius, is often identified as the much prized ""Amanita caesarea"". The specific epithet ""edulis"" in Latin means ""eatable"" or ""edible"". Common names for ""B. edulis"" vary by region. The standard Italian name, ""porcino"" (pl. ""porcini""), means ""porcine;"" ""fungo porcino"", in Italian, echoes the term ""suilli"", literally ""hog mushrooms"", a term used by the Ancient Romans and still in"
"Ad infinitum Ad infinitum is a Latin phrase meaning ""to infinity"" or ""forevermore"". In context, it usually means ""continue forever, without limit"" and this can be used to describe a non-terminating process, a non-terminating ""repeating"" process, or a set of instructions to be repeated ""forever,"" among other uses. It may also be used in a manner similar to the Latin phrase ""et cetera"" to denote written words or a concept that continues for a lengthy period beyond what is shown. Examples include: <poem> The vermin only teaze and pinch Their foes superior by an inch. So, naturalists observe, a flea"