"and possesses a resounding horn; the jötunn Loki, who brings tragedy to the gods by engineering the death of the goddess Frigg's beautiful son Baldr; and numerous other deities. Most of the surviving mythology centres on the plights of the gods and their interaction with various other beings, such as humanity and the jötnar, beings who may be friends, lovers, foes or family members of the gods. The cosmos in Norse mythology consists of Nine Worlds that flank a central cosmological tree, Yggdrasil. Units of time and elements of the cosmology are personified as deities or beings. Various forms of"
"a banquet held by Ægir. These gods and goddesses include Odin and, ""his wife"", Frigg. Frigg is mentioned throughout the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Frigg is first mentioned in the ""Prose Edda"" Prologue (Prose Edda), wherein a euhemerized account of the Norse gods is provided. The author describes Frigg as the wife of Odin, and, in a case of folk etymology, the author attempts to associate the name ""Frigg"" with the Latin-influenced form ""Frigida"". The Prologue adds that both Frigg and Odin ""had the gift of prophecy"". In the next section of the ""Prose"
"Edda"", ""Gylfaginning"", High tells Gangleri (the king Gylfi in disguise) that Frigg, daughter of Fjörgynn (Old Norse ""Fjörgynsdóttir"") is married to Odin and that the Æsir are descended from the couple, and adds that ""the earth [""Jörðin""] was [Odin's] daughter and his wife"". According to High, the two had many sons, the first of which was the mighty god Thor. Later in ""Gylfaginning"", Gangleri asks about the ""ásynjur"", a term for Norse goddesses. High says that ""highest"" among them is Frigg and that only Freyja ""is highest in rank next to her"". Frigg dwells in Fensalir ""and it is very"
"Rindr Rindr (Old Norse) or Rinda (Latin) (sometimes Anglicized Rind) is a female goddess in Norse mythology, alternatively described as a giantess or a human princess from the east. She was impregnated by Odin and gave birth to the avenger of Baldr's death—in the Old Norse sources, Váli. Snorri Sturluson's ""Prose Edda"" refers to Rindr as the mother of Váli and one of the ásynjur (goddesses). The most detailed account is in Book III of the ""Gesta Danorum"", written by Saxo Grammaticus around the early 13th century. There she is called Rinda and is the daughter of the King of"
"Huld In Scandinavian mythology, Huld is only referenced by ""völva"" or ""seiðkona"", that is a woman who practiced the seiðr. She is mentioned in the ""Ynglinga saga"", ""Sturlunga saga"" and a late medieval Icelandic tale. In the latter source, she is Odin's mistress and the mother of the demi-goddesses Þorgerðr and Irpa. As her name suggests, Huld may be in origin the same being as the Huldra and the German Holda. In the ""Ynglinga saga"" it is related that she was first hired to kill the Swedish king Vanlade, by his wife Drífa. She ""hag-rode"" him to death. Snorri also"
"with the story and show Hymir: the Ardre VIII image stone, the Hørdum stone, and the Gosforth Cross. A stone slab that may be a portion of a second cross at Gosforth also shows a fishing scene using an ox head for bait. The legend is also depicted on the Altuna Runestone, but its image does not show Hymir, possibly due to the narrow shape of that stone. Hymir In Norse mythology, Hymir is a giant, husband of the giantess Hroðr and according to the Eddic poem ""Hymiskviða"" the father of the god Týr (in other sources, Odin is Tyr's"
"to tell. Huld In Scandinavian mythology, Huld is only referenced by ""völva"" or ""seiðkona"", that is a woman who practiced the seiðr. She is mentioned in the ""Ynglinga saga"", ""Sturlunga saga"" and a late medieval Icelandic tale. In the latter source, she is Odin's mistress and the mother of the demi-goddesses Þorgerðr and Irpa. As her name suggests, Huld may be in origin the same being as the Huldra and the German Holda. In the ""Ynglinga saga"" it is related that she was first hired to kill the Swedish king Vanlade, by his wife Drífa. She ""hag-rode"" him to death."
"names: In the ""Poetic Edda"", Freyja is mentioned or appears in the poems ""Völuspá"", ""Grímnismál"", ""Lokasenna"", ""Þrymskviða"", ""Oddrúnargrátr"", and ""Hyndluljóð"". ""Völuspá"" contains a stanza that mentions Freyja, referring to her as ""Óð's girl""; Freyja being the wife of her husband, Óðr. The stanza recounts that Freyja was once promised to an unnamed builder, later revealed to be a jötunn and subsequently killed by Thor (recounted in detail in ""Gylfaginning"" chapter 42; see ""Prose Edda"" section below). In the poem ""Grímnismál"", Odin (disguised as ""Grímnir"") tells the young Agnar that every day Freyja allots seats to half of those that are"
"while Odin was away, Odin's brothers Vili and Vé oversaw Odin's holdings. Once, while Odin was gone for an extended period, the Æsir concluded that he was not coming back. His brothers started to divvy up Odin's inheritance, ""but his wife Frigg they shared between them. However, a short while afterwards, [Odin] returned and took possession of his wife again. In ""Völsunga saga"", the great king Rerir and his wife (unnamed) are unable to conceive a child; ""that lack displeased them both, and they fervently implored the gods that they might have a child. It is said that Frigg heard"
"Germanic peoples, including the Langobards. Forms of his name appear frequently throughout the Germanic record, though narratives regarding Odin are mainly found in Old Norse works recorded in Iceland, primarily around the 13th century. These texts make up the bulk of modern understanding of Norse mythology. In Old Norse texts, Odin is depicted as one-eyed and long-bearded, frequently wielding a spear named Gungnir, and wearing a cloak and a broad hat. He is often accompanied by his animal companions and familiars—the wolves Geri and Freki and the ravens Huginn and Muninn, who bring him information from all over —and rides"
"Óðr In Norse mythology, Óðr (Old Norse for the ""Divine Madness, frantic, furious, vehement, eager"", as a noun ""mind, feeling"" and also ""song, poetry""; Orchard (1997) gives ""the frenzied one"") or Óð, sometimes angliziced as Odr or Od, is a figure associated with the major goddess Freyja. The ""Prose Edda"" and ""Heimskringla"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, both describe Óðr as Freyja's husband and father of her daughter Hnoss. ""Heimskringla"" adds that the couple produced another daughter, Gersemi. A number of theories have been proposed about Óðr, generally that he is somehow a hypostasis of the deity"
"Gerðr In Norse mythology, Gerðr (Old Norse ""fenced-in"") is a jötunn, goddess, and the wife of the god Freyr. Gerðr is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the ""Prose Edda"" and ""Heimskringla"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson; and in the poetry of skalds. ""Gerðr"" is sometimes modernly anglicized as Gerd or Gerth. In both the ""Poetic Edda"" and the ""Prose Edda"", Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance, becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty, and has his servant Skírnir go to Jötunheimr (where Gerðr and her"
"Gerðr In Norse mythology, Gerðr (Old Norse ""fenced-in"") is a jötunn, goddess, and the wife of the god Freyr. Gerðr is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources; the ""Prose Edda"" and ""Heimskringla"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson; and in the poetry of skalds. ""Gerðr"" is sometimes modernly anglicized as Gerd or Gerth. In both the ""Poetic Edda"" and the ""Prose Edda"", Freyr sees Gerðr from a distance, becomes deeply lovesick at the sight of her shimmering beauty, and has his servant Skírnir go to Jötunheimr (where Gerðr and her"
"Sigyn In Norse mythology, Sigyn (Old Norse ""victorious girl-friend"") is a goddess and is the wife of Loki. Sigyn is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ""Prose Edda"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the ""Poetic Edda"", little information is provided about Sigyn other than her role in assisting Loki during his captivity. In the ""Prose Edda"", her role in helping her husband through his time spent in bondage is stated again, she appears in various kennings, and her status as a goddess is mentioned twice. Sigyn"
"to assume"" this to Olrik's theory. Davidson says that while this is, however, complicated by an earlier mention in book two of Hrólfr Kraki's sister and Bödvar Bjarki's wife ""Hrut"", yet this ""Hrut"" is not found elsewhere as a female name. In book six of ""Gesta Danorum"", a figure by the name of ""Rothi"" is mentioned: According to Davidson, this ""Rothi"" may be the same as Róta, though it has been alternately theorized that ""Rothi"" may be a name of Odin. Róta In Norse mythology, Róta is a valkyrie. Róta is attested in chapter 36 of the ""Prose Edda"" book"
"Sif In Norse mythology, Sif () is a goddess associated with earth. Sif is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ""Prose Edda"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds. In both the ""Poetic Edda"" and the ""Prose Edda"", Sif is the wife of the thunder god Thor and is known for her golden hair. In the ""Prose Edda"", Sif is named as the mother of the goddess Þrúðr by Thor and of Ullr with a father whose name is not recorded. The ""Prose"
"in the ""Poetic Edda"" poem ""Skírnismál""; the coming together of Gerðr and Freyr. In chapter 19 of the ""Prose Edda"" book ""Skáldskaparmál"", Gerðr is listed among ""rivals"" of the goddess Frigg, a list of sexual partners of Frigg's husband, Odin. Instead of ""Gerðr"", the jötunn Gríðr, mother of Odin's son Víðarr according to the ""Prose Edda"", was probably intended. One manuscript has Gríðr corrected to Gerðr. Andy Orchard notes that it may nonetheless be an intentional inclusion in view of ""Odin's notorious appetites"". Scholar John Lindow comments that Gerðr's name has been etymologically associated with the earth and enclosures and"
"sources. The Marvel Comics character, Sif, is based on the Sif of Norse myth and is portrayed by Jaimie Alexander in the Marvel Studios film ""Thor"", its , and the ""Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D"" television series. Sif In Norse mythology, Sif () is a goddess associated with earth. Sif is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ""Prose Edda"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of skalds. In both the ""Poetic Edda"" and the ""Prose Edda"", Sif is the wife of the thunder god Thor"
"the gods is provided. In the account, Freyja is described as having been a concubine of Odin, who bartered sex to four dwarfs for a golden necklace. In the work, the Æsir once lived in a city called Asgard, located in a region called ""Asialand or Asiahome"". Odin was the king of the realm, and made Njörðr and Freyr temple priests. Freyja was the daughter of Njörðr, and was Odin's concubine. Odin deeply loved Freyja, and she was ""the fairest of woman of that day"". Freyja had a beautiful bower, and when the door was shut no one could enter"
"German Phol and Volla may also be a pair. Sister-wife of Njörðr In Norse mythology, the sister-wife of Njörðr is the unnamed wife and sister of the god Njörðr, with whom he is described as having had the (likewise incestuous) twin children Freyr and Freyja. This shadowy goddess is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"" poem ""Lokasenna"", recorded in the 13th century by an unknown source, and the ""Heimskringla"" book ""Ynglinga saga"", a euhemerized account of the Norse gods composed by Snorri Sturluson also in the 13th century but based on earlier traditional material. The figure receives no further mention in"
"Asgard In Norse religion, Asgard (; ; ""Enclosure of the Æsir"") is one of the Nine Worlds and home to the Æsir tribe of gods. It is surrounded by an incomplete wall attributed to a Hrimthurs riding the stallion Svaðilfari, according to ""Gylfaginning"". Odin and his wife, Frigg, are the rulers of Asgard. Asgard is home to many named locations; the most well known include Valhalla, where half of all those who die in battle are sent, and Fólkvangr, where the other half go. The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by"
"the dwarves and giants both possessed the Mead of Poetry before Odin obtained it, this kenning applies whether Billing is a dwarf or a giant. On the other hand, if Billing is a dwarf then his daughter would be one of the very few female dwarves in the mythology, while Odin's relations with giantesses are well attested throughout the Eddas. Billingr In Norse mythology, Billingr (or Billing) is the father of a maiden (whose name is not provided) desired by Odin. According to stanzas 96-102 of the poem ""Hávamál"" from the ""Poetic Edda"", Odin was told by the maiden to"
"having once wed his unnamed sister while he was still among the Vanir, and the couple produced their children Freyr and Freyja from this union, though this custom was forbidden among the Æsir. Chapter 5 relates that Odin gave all of his temple priests dwelling places and good estates, in Njörðr's case being Nóatún. Chapter 8 states that Njörðr married a woman named Skaði, though she would not have intercourse with him. Skaði then marries Odin, and the two had numerous sons. In chapter 9, Odin dies and Njörðr takes over as ruler of the Swedes, and he continues the"
"Billingr In Norse mythology, Billingr (or Billing) is the father of a maiden (whose name is not provided) desired by Odin. According to stanzas 96-102 of the poem ""Hávamál"" from the ""Poetic Edda"", Odin was told by the maiden to meet her after nightfall when it would be safest and she would give herself to him, but when Odin returned he found the path blocked by warriors with swords and burning torches. When he came back at daybreak he discovered that the maiden was gone and had left a bitch tied to the bed in her place. In this way"
"Jörð In Norse mythology, Jörð (Old Norse ""jǫrð"", ""earth"" pronounced , Icelandic Jörð, pronounced , sometimes Anglicized as Jord or Jorth; also called Jarð, as in Old East Norse), is a female jötunn. She is the mother of the thunder god Thor, son of Odin, and the personification of earth. Fjörgyn and Hlóðyn are considered to be other names for Jörð. Some scholars refer to Jörð as a goddess. Jörð's name appears in skaldic poetry both as a poetic term for the land and in kennings for Thor. ""Jörð"" is the common word for ""earth"" in Old Norse, as are"
"narrative explains that the woman is named Sigrdrífa and that she is a valkyrie. A narrative relates that Sigrdrífa explains to Sigurd that there were two kings fighting one another. Odin had promised one of these—Hjalmgunnar—victory in battle, yet she had ""brought down"" Hjalmgunnar in battle. Odin pricked her with a sleeping-thorn in consequence, told her she would never again ""fight victoriously in battle"", and condemned her to marriage. In response, Sigrdrífa told Odin she had sworn a great oath that she would never wed a man who knew fear. Sigurd asks Sigrdrífa to share with him her wisdom of"
"willingly, and that he thought well of her in return. Gunnlöð In Norse mythology, Gunnlöð (also Gunnlöd) (Old Norse ""battle-invitation"") is a female jötunn princess. Gunnlöð is daughter of the giant Suttungr, who was set guard by him in the mountain Hnitbjorg where he housed the mead of poetry. Her grandfather was Gilling. Gunnlöð was seduced by Odin, who according to the ""Prose Edda"" bargained three nights of sex for three sips of the mead and then tricked her, stealing all of it. However, the poem ""Hávamál"" of the ""Poetic Edda"" tells the story a bit differently: It would seem,"
"called the rival of Odin's wife Frigg and his other giantess concubines, Rindr and Gunnlöd, the mother-in-law of Sif, Thor's wife, daughter of Nótt, and sister of Auðr and Dagr. In ""Lokasenna"", Thor is called ""Jarðar burr"" (""son of Jörð""). In the same verse in ""Völuspá"", he is referred to as ""mǫgr Hlóðyniar"" and ""Fjǫrgyniar burr"" (child of Hlóðyn, Fjörgyn's child). The otherwise unknown Hlóðyn was therefore another name of Jörð. She is usually thought to be identical with Hludana, to whom Roman votive tablets have been found on the Lower Rhine. Jörð In Norse mythology, Jörð (Old Norse ""jǫrð"","
"Norns), those who govern the lives and destinies of dwarfs are also known as ""Dvalin's daughters"". In ""Hervarar saga"", Dvalin is one of a pair of dwarves (including Durin) who forged the magic sword Tyrfing. In the ""Sörla þáttr"", an Icelandic short story written by two Christian priests in the 15th century, Dvalin is the name of one of the four dwarves (including Alfrigg, Berling and Grer) who fashioned a necklace which was later acquired by a woman called Freyja, who is King Odin's concubine, after she agreed to spend a night with each of them. J. R. R. Tolkien"
"Thor's wife Sif of adultery, a charge that is never denied and may have been commonly known. They also speak identical half-lines, accusing Thor of being unmanly. Despite these arguments, this theory was rejected by later scholars such as Finnur Jónsson, Fredrick Sander, and Felix Niedner, in favor of identifying Hárbarð with Odin, based, among other things, on Odin's statement in ""Grimnismál"" 47 that Hárbarð is one of his by-names. Hárbarðsljóð Hárbarðsljóð (""Lay of Hárbarðr"") is one of the poems of the ""Poetic Edda"", found in the Codex Regius and AM 748 I 4to manuscripts. It is a flyting poem"
"as the first element of the dithematic personal name ""Frøydis"". Freyja In Norse mythology, Freyja (; Old Norse for ""(the) Lady"") is a goddess associated with love, sex, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death. Freyja is the owner of the necklace Brísingamen, rides a chariot pulled by two cats, is accompanied by the boar Hildisvíni, and possesses a cloak of falcon feathers. By her husband Óðr, she is the mother of two daughters, Hnoss and Gersemi. Along with her brother Freyr, her father Njörðr, and her mother (Njörðr's sister, unnamed in sources), she is a member of the Vanir."
"and in a cut-down version, but there is no critical edition. The poem opens with the marriage of king Volsung's daughter Signy to Siggeir, king of the Goths. The bridal feast is interrupted by the arrival of a stranger, the god Odin in disguise, who drives a sword into a tree-trunk. Though everyone tries to draw the sword, Volsung's son Sigmund is the only man who can do it. The disappointed Siggeir takes his new wife home, inviting Volsung to visit him. When Volsung does so he is killed by Siggeir, and his sons are taken prisoner. While in captivity"
"Huginn and Muninn In Norse mythology, Huginn (from Old Norse ""thought"") and Muninn (Old Norse ""memory"" or ""mind"") are a pair of ravens that fly all over the world, Midgard, and bring information to the god Odin. Huginn and Muninn are attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources: the ""Prose Edda"" and ""Heimskringla"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson; in the ""Third Grammatical Treatise"", compiled in the 13th century by Óláfr Þórðarson; and in the poetry of skalds. The names of the ravens are sometimes modernly anglicized as Hugin and Munin."