"three lizards (slowworm, viviparous lizard and sand lizard) and three snakes (European adder, grass snake and smooth snake). There is evidence for bog turtles in some areas. Amphibians are represented by 11 species including smooth newt, great crested newt, common toad, European green toad, common frog, moor frog, marsh frog, common spadefoot and European fire-bellied toad. Insects are numerous, with bees alone accounting for more than 300 species. In Serpukhovsky District, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve which contains protected wisents. Near Moscow lies Losiny Ostrov National Park of federal significance. The territory of what is now Moscow Oblast had"
"and hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus"") and migrating ring ouzel (""Turdus torquatus"") and wheatear (""Oenanthe oenanthe""). All three British native species of snake inhabit the Forest. The adder (""Vipera berus"") is the most common, being found on open heath and grassland. The grass snake (""Natrix natrix"") prefers the damper environment of the valley mires. The rare smooth snake (""Coronella austriaca"") occurs on sandy hillsides with heather and gorse. It was mainly adders which were caught by Brusher Mills (1840–1905), the ""New Forest Snake Catcher"". He caught many thousands in his lifetime, sending some to London Zoo as food for their animals."
"(2008). In several European countries, it is notable as being the only native venomous snake. It is one of only three snake species native to Britain. The other two, the barred grass snake and the smooth snake, are non-venomous. In the United Kingdom, it is illegal to kill, injure, harm or sell adders under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The same situation applies to Norway under the """" (The Wildlife Act 1981) and Denmark (1981). The common viper is categorised as 'endangered' in Switzerland, and is also protected in some other countries in its range. It is also found"
"is about . The grass snake is widely distributed in mainland Europe, ranging from mid Scandinavia to southern Italy. It is also found in the Middle East and northwestern Africa. British grass snakes were thought to belong to the subspecies ""N. n. helvetica"", though this is now recognised as a separate species. This species was considered to be one of only three snakes to occur in Great Britain, but the grass snakes in Great Britain have now been reidentified as barred grass snake ""Natrix helvetica"", any records of ""N. natrix"" in Britain are now considered to have originated from imported"
"Barred grass snake The barred grass snake (""Natrix helvetica"") is a non-venomous colubrid snake from Western Europe, living in and close to water. It was included within the grass snake species, ""Natrix natrix"", until August 2017, when genetic analysis suggested that it was better treated as a separate species. The recently identified species has distinct banding along its flanks for the entire length of its body and it lacks the bright yellow collar of the similar ""Natrix natrix"". The body colour is grey rather than the olive green of ""Natrix natrix"". The species is found in Great Britain as far"
"include the adder and the grass snake, the slowworm, which is a legless lizard, and the common lizard. Smooth snakes, found elsewhere in the UK are absent, and grass snakes are rarely reported. Seventy-seven species of land snail and an estimated 14,000 species of insect live in Scotland, none of them ""truly"" endemic. These include ""Pardosa lugubris"", a species of wolf spider first found in the UK in 2000 at Abernethy Forest nature reserve, and the Scottish wood ant. These ants, which are the most numerous residents of the Caledonian pine forest, build mounds from the pine cones and needles"
"can also find species like common spike rush, reed canary grass, lesser spearwort, and amphibious bistort. The presence of four British reptiles; common lizard, adder, slowworm, and grass snake, and five of Britain’s native amphibians; common frog, common toad, smooth newt, palmate newt, and great crested newt mean that this an extremely valuable and important wildlife site. The grass snake records for Fontburn make this one of the most northerly authenticated colonies of this species in Britain. The reservoir is regularly stocked with trout and is a favoured place with fresh water anglers. Fontburn Reservoir is one of our smaller"
"may occur. The species has four recognised subspecies : The subspecies ""V. b. bosniensis"" and ""V. b. sachalinensis"" have been regarded as full species in some recent publications. Vipera berus Vipera berus, the common European adder or common European viper, is a venomous snake that is extremely widespread and can be found throughout most of Western Europe and as far as East Asia. Known by a host of common names including common adder and common viper, adders have been the subject of much folklore in Britain and other European countries. They are not regarded as especially dangerous; the snake is"
"Mud adder The mud adder (""Denisonia devisi"" ), also known as De Vis's banded snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to certain regions of eastern Australia, including South West Queensland, northern New South Wales and north-west Victoria. Its scientific and common names refer to Charles Walter De Vis (1829-1915), first director of the Queensland Museum and writer of around 50 papers on herpetology. ""Denisonia devisi"" is short, thick, and slightly flat. The eyes are set at the top of the head and have a conspicuous iris. The dorsal surface of the"
"Grass snake The grass snake (""Natrix natrix""), sometimes called the ringed snake or water snake, is a Eurasian non-venomous snake. It is often found near water and feeds almost exclusively on amphibians. The barred grass snake, ""Natrix helvetica"", was split off as a separate species in 2017. The name ""natrix"" is probably derived from the Latin ""nare"" or ""natare"" ""to swim""; it means ""something grammatically feminine which swims"". Many subspecies are recognized, including: ""Natrix natrix helvetica"" (Lacépède, 1789) was formerly treated as a subspecies, but following genetic analysis it was recognised in August 2017 as a separate species, ""Natrix helvetica"","
"for the winter and encounter cobras there. The species has various predator species, including corvids, storks, owls and perhaps other birds of prey, foxes, and the domestic cat. In England, grass snakes are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and cannot be harmed or traded without a licence, although they may legally be captured and kept in captivity. In Denmark, it is also protected, as all five species of reptiles were protected in 1981. Two of the subspecies are considered critically endangered: ""N. n. cetti"" (Sardinian grass snake) and ""N. n. schweizeri"". In 2007, the grass snake was"
"include the European adder (""Vipera berus"") and grass snake (""Natrix natrix""). Multiple bird species include Bewick's swan (""Cygnus columbianus bewickii""), Eurasian bittern (""Botaurus stellaris""), Eurasian bullfinch (""Pyrrhula pyrrhula""), *Eurasian wigeon (""Anas penelope""), European starling (""Sturnus vulgaris""), gadwall (""Anas strepera""), grasshopper warbler (""Locustella naevia""), hen harrier (""Circus cyaneus""), house sparrow (""Passer domesticus""), linnet (""Carduelis cannabina""), marsh harrier (""Circus aeruginosus""), marsh tit (""Poecile palustris""), merlin (""Falco columbarius""), northern lapwing (""Vanellus vanellus""), peregrine (""Falco peregrinus""), reed bunting (""Emberiza schoeniclus""), short-eared owl (""Asio flammeus""), skylark (""Alauda arvensis""), song thrush (""Turdus philomelos""), teal (""Anas cracca""), willow tit (""Poecile montanus"") and yellowhammer (""Emberiza citrinella""). Mammalian species"
"Vipera berus Vipera berus, the common European adder or common European viper, is a venomous snake that is extremely widespread and can be found throughout most of Western Europe and as far as East Asia. Known by a host of common names including common adder and common viper, adders have been the subject of much folklore in Britain and other European countries. They are not regarded as especially dangerous; the snake is not aggressive and usually bites only when really provoked, stepped on, or picked up. Bites can be very painful, but are seldom fatal. The specific name, ""berus"", is"
"home to a variety of plant and animal life, including some rare specimens. Adders, Britain's only native venomous snake, are seen on the Moss, and prey upon small rodents, such as voles. Many wild bird species inhabit Salta and the surrounding area, including larger species such as pheasants, which are also bred locally for hunting. The Moss contains several varieties of heather, as well as the purple moor grass ""Molinia caerulea"". Ferns and gorse are common too, and in areas where peat has been cut in the past, there are bog mosses, the bog bean ""Menyanthus trifoliata"", and marsh pennywort."
"the grasslands. Endemic reptiles of the downs include the dwarf dtella gecko (""Gehyra minuta""), some species of Ctenotus and Lerista skinks, an agamid lizard (""Pogona henrylawsoni""), and a monitor lizard (Spencer's goanna). The snakes include the Elapidae; speckled brown snake (""Pseudonaja guttata""), Ingram's brown snake (""Pseudonaja ingrami""), and Collett's snake, all of which are venomous. Insects include a number of endemic species of ant. Some of the grassland is protected but most is pasture and although largely unspoilt, it is vulnerable to overgrazing, particularly areas of Queensland bluebush (""Chenopodium auricomum""). The downs are home to a number of endangered species"
"mothers for a few days. Adults grow to a total length (including tail) of and a mass of . Three subspecies are recognized, including the nominate subspecies, ""Vipera berus berus"" described here. The snake is not considered to be threatened, though it is protected in some countries. The name 'adder' is derived from ""nædre"", an Old English word that had the generic meaning of serpent in the older forms of many Germanic languages. It was commonly used in the Old English version of the Christian Scriptures for the devil and the serpent in the Book of Genesis. In the 14th"
"north as southern Scotland, Switzerland, Italy, France and western Germany. The snake, which eats amphibians like newts and frogs, can grow to a length of over a metre. For more generalised information on the species, refer to the grass snake, which this species was recently split from. Five subspecies of ""Natrix natrix"" were transferred to ""Natrix helvetica"": Barred grass snake The barred grass snake (""Natrix helvetica"") is a non-venomous colubrid snake from Western Europe, living in and close to water. It was included within the grass snake species, ""Natrix natrix"", until August 2017, when genetic analysis suggested that it was"
"described in a genus other than ""Enhydris"". The specific names, ""jagorii"" and ""smithi"", are in honor of German naturalist Fedor Jagor and British herpetologist Malcolm Arthur Smith, respectively. Enhydris Enhydris is a genus of slightly venomous, rear-fanged, colubrid snakes, endemic to the tropical area of Indo-Australian region. The following 6 species are recognized: Several additional species have traditionally been placed here, but are now often in genera such as ""Subsessor"" and ""Pseudoferania"". Another species, ""Enhydris smithi"" , was considered to be a valid species by herpetologists M.A. Smith 1943, 2010, and Wallach et al. 2014, but was considered to be"
"Common death adder The common death adder (""Acanthophis antarcticus"") is a species of death adder native to Australia. It is one of the most venomous land snakes in Australia and globally. While it remains widespread (unlike related species), it is facing increased threat from the ongoing Australian cane toad invasion. The common death adder has a broad flattened, triangular head and a thick body with bands of red, brown and black with a grey, cream or pink belly. It can reach a maximum body length of . Death adders possess the longest fangs of any Australian snake. Unlike the common"
"Fraser's anole (""Anolis fraseri"" ), Fraser's ground snake (""Liophis epinephelus fraseri"" ), a centipede snake (""Tantilla fraseri"" ), Fraser's eagle-owl (""Bubo poensis""), Fraser's warbler (""Myiothlypis fraseri"" ), and Fraser's musk shrew (""Crocidura poensis""). Louis Fraser Louis Fraser (1819/20–1866?) was a British zoologist and collector. In his early years, Fraser was curator of the Museum of the Zoological Society of London. Little is known about Fraser's early life. He was born in 1819 or 1820 and married Mary Ann Harrison on 17 February 1844. A son Oscar L. Fraser worked as an assistant in the Indian Museum at Calcutta around 1888."
"down the center of the back, interspaced with dark, yellow-edged hourglass markings. The flanks have a series of fawn or brown rhomboidal shapes, with light vertical central bars. The belly is pale with irregular brown or black blotches. The head is white or cream with a fine, dark central line, black spots on the rear corners, and a dark blue-black triangle behind and below each eye. The iris colour is cream, yellow-white, orange or silvery. The snake's common names include Gaboon viper, butterfly adder, forest puff adder, whisper, swampjack, and Gaboon adder. Originally a name given by the Portuguese, ""Gabon"""
"New Latin and was at one time used to refer to a snake, possibly the grass snake, ""Natrix natrix"". The common adder is found in different terrains, habitat complexity being essential for different aspects of its behaviour. It feeds on small mammals, birds, lizards, and amphibians, and in some cases on spiders, worms, and insects. The common adder, like most other vipers, is ovoviviparous. Females breed once every two or three years, with litters usually being born in late summer to early autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Litters range in size from three to 20 with young staying with their"
"gull, auk, grouse, owl and falcon. There are six species of reptile on the island; three snakes and three lizards including the legless slowworm. One snake, the adder, is venomous but rarely deadly. Amphibians present are frogs, toads and newts. In a similar sense to fauna, and for similar reasons, the flora is impoverished compared to that of continental Europe. The flora comprises 3,354 vascular plant species, of which 2,297 are native and 1,057 have been introduced. The island has a wide variety of trees, including native species of birch, beech, ash, hawthorn, elm, oak, yew, pine, cherry and apple."
"century, 'a nadder' in Middle English was rebracketed to 'an adder' (just as 'a napron' became 'an apron' and 'a ""nompere"" changed into 'an umpire'). In keeping with its wide distribution and familiarity through the ages, ""Vipera berus"" has a large number of common names in English, which include: In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the snake is known as ""hugorm"", ""hoggorm"" and ""huggorm"", roughly translated as 'striking snake'. In Finland, it is known as ""kyykäärme"" or simply ""kyy"", in Estonia it is known as ""rästik"", while in Lithuania it is known as ""angis"". Relatively thick-bodied, adults usually grow to in"
"after the brown rat, and other animals such as common wood pigeon. There are 220 species of non-marine molluscs that have been recorded as living in the wild in Britain. Two of them (""Fruticicola fruticum"" and ""Cernuella neglecta"") are locally extinct. In addition there are 14 gastropod species that live only in greenhouses. The species of amphibian native to Britain are the great crested newt, smooth newt, palmate newt, common toad, natterjack toad, common frog and the pool frog. Several other species have become naturalised. Like many temperate areas, Great Britain exhibits a relative lack of snakes, with the European"
"but as the weight of the mother increases, larger eggs are produced, yielding larger young. Viperid snakes are found in the Americas, Africa, and Eurasia. In the Americas, they are native from south of the 48th parallel, through the United States, Mexico, Central America, and into South America. In the old world, viperids are located everywhere except Siberia, Ireland, and the continent of Australia. The adder, a viperid, is the only venomous snake found in Great Britain, and is also found north of the Arctic Circle in Norway and Sweden. Viperid venoms typically contain an abundance of protein-degrading enzymes, called"
"an average total length (including tail) of . A litter consists of three to 11, five on average, baby snakes. This species was first described by De Vis in 1884 as ""Hoplocephalus ornatus"". In 1920 Waite and Longman decided to place it in the genus ""Denisonia"". However, since Krefft in 1869 had named a different species ""Denisonia ornata"", the name was preoccupied. Therefore, Waite and Longman solved the conflict by creating the new name ""Denisonia maculata"" var. ""devisi"". Subsequently, Cogger in 1983 raised it to full species status as ""Denisonia devisi"". Mud adder The mud adder (""Denisonia devisi"" ), also"
"to reach adult size. Females are generally slightly larger than the males. They can also be easily distinguished from other Australian snakes because of a small, worm like lure on the end of their tail, which is used to attract prey. Most have large bands around their bodies, though the color itself is variable, depending on their locality. Colours are usually black, grey or red and yellow, but also include brown and greenish-grey. Death adders were originally called 'deaf adders' by early settlers of Australia. Unlike other snakes that tend to run away from human disturbance, the death adder is"
"Three nationally rare or endangered species have been found within the area: the mud snail (which is now one of the UK's most endangered freshwater creatures, having been recently recategorised as near threatened across Europe in the new IUCN European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs), great raft spider and the ""Enochrus isotae"" species of water scavenger beetle, as well as the nationally scarce beautiful snout moth. The first sightings of the migrant hawker dragonfly in Cheshire were at Sound Heath, and many other locally rare species have been recorded here. The site is also an important breeding site for birds."
"an abundance of rabbits, hares, hedgehogs, shrews, moles and several species of bat. Carnivorous mammals include the fox, badger, otter, weasel, stoat and elusive wildcat. Various species of seal, whale and dolphin are found on or around British shores and coastlines. The largest land-based wild animals today are deer. The red deer is the largest species, with roe deer and fallow deer also prominent; the latter was introduced by the Normans. Sika deer and two more species of smaller deer, muntjac and Chinese water deer, have been introduced, muntjac becoming widespread in England and parts of Wales while Chinese water"
"wildlife, including Adders, Britain's only native venomous snake, and several varieties of heather, as well as the purple moor grass ""Molinia caerulea"". The name ""Salta"" comes from Old English ""sēalt-tir"", meaning ""salt land"". In Anglo-Saxon times, salt making was a major industry on the Solway coast, and there are remains of medieval salt pans near Milefortlet 21, only a few miles down the coast from Salta. Salta appears in older documents with several variant spellings, including ""Sathowe"". On Salta Moss, an area of common land next to the hamlet, a Bronze Age rapier (a kind of sword) was discovered in"
"(with the exception of the introduced cane toad), and New Guinea and Oceania. Two species are found in the British Isles: the common toad (""Bufo bufo""), and the natterjack toad, (""Bufo calamita""). The former is found almost everywhere in Great Britain, but not in Ireland. The natterjack, which differs in its shorter limbs with nearly free toes (which are so short, the toad never hops but proceeds in a running gait) and in usually possessing orange or red warts, green eyes, and a pale-yellow line along the middle of the back, is local in England, the south-west of Scotland, and"
"is another small species of deer which is not indigenous, originating from Japan. It is widespread and expanding in Scotland from west to east, with a strong population in Peeblesshire. Bands of sika exist across the north and south of England though the species is absent in Wales. There are also several species of insectivore found in Britain. The hedgehog is probably the most widely known as it is a regular visitor to urban gardens. The mole is also widely recognised and its subterranean lifestyle causes much damage to garden lawns. Shrews are also fairly common, and the smallest, the"