"Spectral printing Spectral printing is the art and science of reproducing the spectra of a scene-referred image, by means of hard-copy printing using more than four process-colour printing inks namely cyan, magenta, yellow and black and their lighter versions. The additional secondary inks are often referred to as spot colours. As opposed to normal four-colour process printing, the aim of spectral printing is to eliminate or reduce metamerism either due to illuminant or observer. A side effect of printing with more than four primary inks is that it enables an improvement in colour gamut of the printed image due to"
"CcMmYK color model CcMmYK, sometimes referred to as CMYKLcLm or CMYKcm, is a six color printing process used in some inkjet printers optimized for photo printing. It complements the more common four color CMYK process, which stands for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Key (black), by adding light cyan and light magenta. Individually, light cyan is often abbreviated to Lc or c, and light magenta is represented as Lm or m. The most noticeable result of using light cyan and light magenta inks is the removal of a distinct and harsh halftoning dot appearance that appears in prints that use light"
"CMYK color model The CMYK color model (process color, four color) is a subtractive color model, used in color printing, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. CMYK refers to the four inks used in some color printing: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colors on a lighter, usually white, background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Such a model is called ""subtractive"" because inks ""subtract"" the colors red, green and blue from white light. White light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green"
"Registration black In CMYK printing, registration black refers to 100% coverage in each of the four process colors: cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). More generally, if a different mixture of colors is being used, registration black marks in each of the colorants (inks) used. It is therefore not correct to simply define registration color as 100% of C,M,Y,K, since it will rather be 100% of whichever colors are used in reproduction. It is a special purpose color, and as such is not generally used to print black text or grayscale graphics. Instead, registration black is used"
"cyan, a greenish-blue which absorbs red; magenta, a purplish-pink which absorbs green; and yellow, which absorbs blue. The red-filtered image is used to create a cyan dye image, the green-filtered image to create a magenta dye image, and the blue-filtered image to create a yellow dye image. When the three dye images are superimposed they form a complete color image. This is also known as the CMYK color model. The ""K"" is a black component normally added in ink-jet and other mechanical printing processes to compensate for the imperfections of the colored inks used, which ideally should absorb or transmit"
"or ""CMYK"" color space. The cyan ink absorbs red light but transmits green and blue, the magenta ink absorbs green light but transmits red and blue, and the yellow ink absorbs blue light but transmits red and green. The white substrate reflects the transmitted light back to the viewer. Because in practice the CMY inks suitable for printing also reflect a little bit of color, making a deep and neutral black impossible, the K (black ink) component, usually printed last, is needed to compensate for their deficiencies. Use of a separate black ink is also economically driven when a lot"
"the spectrum. Magenta is the complement of green, and yellow the complement of blue. Combinations of different amounts of the three can produce a wide range of colors with good saturation. In inkjet color printing and typical mass production photomechanical printing processes, a black ink K (Key) component is included, resulting in the CMYK color model. The black ink serves to cover unwanted tints in dark areas of the printed image, which result from the imperfect transparency of commercially practical CMY inks; to improve image sharpness, which tends to be degraded by imperfect registration of the three color elements; and"
"areas that would typically use halftoning with these inks to remove the look of sparse magenta and cyan dots. The downside is the printer needs approximately twice as much light cyan and magenta ink in areas to achieve the same saturation as pure cyan/magenta which can lead to excess ink usage. The end result, however, is significantly better for some photos. CcMmYK colorants reduce graininess in the middle tone region. This reduced graininess typically improves the photographic appearance of blue skies and some flesh tones. CcMmYK color model CcMmYK, sometimes referred to as CMYKLcLm or CMYKcm, is a six color"
"completely match the look of items which are printed if opposite color modes are being combined in both mediums. When designing items to be printed, designers view the colors which they are choosing on an RGB color mode (their computer screen), and it is often difficult to visualize the way in which the color will turn out post-printing because of this. To reproduce color, the CMYK color model codes for absorbing light rather than emitting it (as is assumed by RGB). The 'K' component absorbs all wavelengths and is therefore achromatic. The Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow components are used for"
"versatile CMY (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) triad had been adopted, with the cyan sometimes referred to as ""process blue"" and the magenta as ""process red"". In color printing, the usual primary colors are cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY). Cyan is the complement of red, meaning that the cyan serves as a filter that absorbs red. The amount of cyan applied to a white sheet of paper controls how much of the red in white light will be reflected back from the paper. Ideally, the cyan is completely transparent to green and blue light and has no effect on those parts of"
"defining the CMY primaries as substances that ""absorbed"" only one of the retinal primary colors: cyan absorbs only red (−R+G+B), magenta only green (+R−G+B), and yellow only blue violet (+R+G−B). It is important to add that the CMYK, or process, color printing is meant as an economical way of producing a wide range of colors for printing, but is deficient in reproducing certain colors, notably orange and slightly deficient in reproducing purples. A wider range of color can be obtained with the addition of other colors to the printing process, such as in Pantone's Hexachrome printing ink system (six colors),"
"newspapers and magazines, brochures, cards, posters and similar mass-market items. In this type of industrial or commercial printing, the technique used to print full-color images, such as color photographs, is referred to as four-color-process or merely process printing. Four inks are used: three secondary colors plus black. These ink colors are cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black); abbreviated as CMYK. Cyan can be thought of as minus-red, magenta as minus-green, and yellow as minus-blue. These inks are semi-transparent or translucent. Where two such inks overlap on the paper due to sequential printing impressions, a primary color is perceived. For example,"
"transparency. Common color spaces based on the RGB model include sRGB, Adobe RGB, ProPhoto RGB, scRGB, and CIE RGB. CMYK uses subtractive color mixing used in the printing process, because it describes what kind of inks need to be applied so the light ""reflected"" from the substrate and through the inks produces a given color. One starts with a white substrate (canvas, page, etc.), and uses ink to subtract color from white to create an image. CMYK stores ink values for cyan, magenta, yellow and black. There are many CMYK color spaces for different sets of inks, substrates, and press"
"as the ""three"" psychological primaries, with black and white occasionally added as a fourth and fifth. The cyan, magenta, and yellow primary colors associated with CMYK printing are sometimes known as ""process blue"", ""process red"" and ""process yellow"". RYB color model RYB (an abbreviation of red–yellow–blue) is a historical set of colors used in subtractive color mixing and is one commonly used set of primary colors. It is primarily used in art and design education, particularly painting. RYB predates modern scientific color theory, which has determined that cyan, magenta, and yellow are the best set of three colorants to combine,"
"because it is a color commonly associated with water, such as the appearance of the water at a tropical beach. Cyan is also one of the common inks used in four-color printing, along with magenta, yellow, and black; this set of colors is referred to as CMYK as in spectrum(s). While both the additive secondary and the subtractive primary are called ""cyan"", they can be substantially different from one another. Cyan printing ink can be more saturated or less saturated than the RGB secondary cyan, depending on what RGB color space and ink are considered. Process cyan is not an"
"are blue, green, and red.) As such, the CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips. Process cyan is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure cyan ink. A typical formulation of ""process cyan"" is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of"
"Cycolor Cycolor is a tradename for a (possibly obsolete) color printing process that uses a special film coated with millions of capsules filled with cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes, monomer, and photo-initiators. When exposed to red, green, and/or blue light, the contents of the respective capsules polymerize, and therefore become hard and unbreakable. The film is then pressed against specially treated paper, and the capsules that have not hardened in the previous process break, releasing their contents onto the paper. Cycolor was developed by Mead Imaging, a start-up created and funded by Mead Corporation, in the 1980s in Miamisburg, Ohio."
"Cycolor Cycolor is a tradename for a (possibly obsolete) color printing process that uses a special film coated with millions of capsules filled with cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes, monomer, and photo-initiators. When exposed to red, green, and/or blue light, the contents of the respective capsules polymerize, and therefore become hard and unbreakable. The film is then pressed against specially treated paper, and the capsules that have not hardened in the previous process break, releasing their contents onto the paper. Cycolor was developed by Mead Imaging, a start-up created and funded by Mead Corporation, in the 1980s in Miamisburg, Ohio."
"in photo quality printing is saved in a CMYK file format to best utilize either the commercial printing process or inkjet printing photo quality output capabilities. CMYK dots of Cyan (blue), Magenta (red), Yellow, and Black are placed next to each other in specific patterns that trick the eye into seeing millions of colors. Photo quality inkjet printing transfers 4 or more toner colors to the substrate in a single cycle through the printer. In photo quality commercial printing each color of ink is applied separately. The high resolution photos are printed (or output) at a line screen value of"
"color standard is displayed at right. It is the color called green, low green or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes. Another name for this color is ""green W3C"". This is the X11/HTML color ""dark green"". The color defined as ""green"" in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as ""pigment green"", is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions. It is displayed at right. The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible"
"spot colors (such as metallic inks), and finishes such as varnish, which enhances the glossy appearance of the printed piece. CMYK are the process printers which often have a relatively small color gamut. Processes such as Pantone's proprietary six-color (CMYKOG) Hexachrome considerably expand the gamut. Light, saturated colors often cannot be created with CMYK, and light colors in general may make visible the halftone pattern. Using a CcMmYK process, with the addition of light cyan and magenta inks to CMYK, can solve these problems, and such a process is used by many inkjet printers, including desktop models. Comparisons between RGB"
"secondary CMY colors (with secondary colors in boldface) are: Ideally, combining three perfect primary colors in equal amounts would produce black, but this is impossible to achieve in practice. Therefore a ""key"" pigment, usually black, is added to printing to produce dark shades more efficiently. This combination is referred to as CMYK, where K stands for Key. Before the discovery of CMY, at least as far back as Goethe, the best primary colors were thought to be red, yellow, and blue. Mixing these pigments in equal amounts produces orange, green, and purple: That is, the primary and secondary RYB colors"
"in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing: . The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of colors capable of being reproduced in printing. Psychedelic art made people used to brighter colors of red, and pigment colors or colored pencils called ""true red"" are produced by mixing pigment red with a tiny amount of white. The result approximates (with much less brightness that is possible on a computer screen) the electric red shown above. The color defined as ""red"" in the NCS or Natural Color"
"of the primaries: cyan and yellow produce green, cyan and magenta produce blue, yellow and magenta produce red (these subtractive secondary colors correspond roughly to the additive primary colors), plus layering all three of them resulting in black. With halftoning, a full continuous range of colors can be produced. To improve print quality and reduce moiré patterns, the screen for each color is set at a different angle. While the angles depend on how many colors are used and the preference of the press operator, typical CMYK process printing uses any of the following screen angles: The ""black"" generated by"
"displays and CMYK prints can be difficult, since the color reproduction technologies and properties are very different. A computer monitor mixes shades of red, green, and blue light to create color pictures. A CMYK printer instead uses light-absorbing cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, whose colors are mixed using dithering, halftoning, or some other optical technique. Similar to monitors, the inks used in printing produce a color gamut that is ""only a subset of the visible spectrum"" although both color modes have their own specific ranges. As a result of this, items which are displayed on a computer monitor may not"
"the following website offering tintbooks for CMYK printing: . The web color cyan, shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the RGB color model, used for creating all colors on a computer or television display by mixing various combinations of red, green and blue light. The X11 name for this color is cyan; the HTML name for the same color is aqua. They are both composed of the same mixture of blue and green light, and are exactly the same color. Aero blue is a fluorescent cyan color. Aero blue was used as rainshower in"
"dyes, paints and inks. It also created the dyes and chemical processes necessary for color photography. As a result, three-color printing became aesthetically and economically feasible in mass printed media, and the artists' color theory was adapted to primary colors most effective in inks or photographic dyes: cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY). (In printing, dark colors are supplemented by a black ink, known as the CMYK system; in both printing and photography, white is provided by the color of the paper.) These CMY primary colors were reconciled with the RGB primaries, and subtractive color mixing with additive color mixing, by"
"must also include a ""tint transform"" which translates spot values into a different color space for viewing on screen, or printing to printers without spot color support. There is no special rule for the name ""All"", so PDF creators must include a tint transform that converts to black in some color space, in order to maintain the same appearance as the final printed piece. Registration black In CMYK printing, registration black refers to 100% coverage in each of the four process colors: cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and black (K). More generally, if a different mixture of colors is"
"leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow. In additive color models, such as RGB, white is the ""additive"" combination of all primary colored lights, while black is the absence of light. In the CMYK model, it is the opposite: white is the natural color of the paper or other background, while black results from a full combination of colored inks. To save cost on ink, and to produce deeper black tones, unsaturated and dark colors are produced by using black ink instead of the combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow. With CMYK printing, ""halftoning"" (also called ""screening"") allows"
"between that table’s entries, and is extremely computationally expensive in comparison with converting from or which only requires a few simple arithmetic operations. In densitometry, a model quite similar to the hue defined above is used for describing colors of CMYK process inks. In 1953, Frank Preucil developed two geometric arrangements of hue, the ""Preucil hue circle"" and the ""Preucil hue hexagon"", analogous to our ""H"" and ""H"", respectively, but defined relative to idealized cyan, yellow, and magenta ink colors. The ""Preucil ""hue error"""" of an ink indicates the difference in the ""hue circle"" between its color and the hue"
"and ink in use. Processes called under color removal, under color addition, and gray component replacement are used to decide on the final mix; different CMYK recipes will be used depending on the printing task. CMYK or process color printing is contrasted with spot color printing, in which specific colored inks are used to generate the colors appearing on paper. Some printing presses are capable of printing with both four-color process inks and additional spot color inks at the same time. High-quality printed materials, such as marketing brochures and books, often include photographs requiring process-color printing, other graphic effects requiring"
"yellow and cyan, constitute the three subtractive primary colors of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips. Process magenta is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure magenta ink. A typical formulation of ""process magenta"" is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at"
"is much brighter in the red channel than in the other two, and how the green part of the picture is shown much brighter in the green channel. YUV Images are an affine transformation of the RGB colorspace, originated in broadcasting. The Y channel correlates approximately with perceived intensity, whilst the U and V channels provide colour information. A CMYK image has four channels: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. CMYK is the standard for print, where subtractive coloring is used. A 32-bit CMYK image (the industry standard as of 2005) is made of four 8-bit channels, one for cyan, one"