"Julia Lloyd (kindergarten) Julia Lloyd (13 April 1867 – 7 April 1955) was a British philanthropist and educationalist. She was interested in the newly developed methods for teaching young children in kindergartens. She opened Birmingham's first nursery school based on Froebelian principles. Lloyd was born in Wednesbury in 1867. She was the daughter of the ironmaster Samuel and Jane Eliza (née Janson) Lloyd and she went to school locally at the only school for girls, Edgbaston High School for Girls, in 1881.In 1888 she studied under Caroline Bishop who had developed her own adapted ideas which she taught at the"
"A kindergarten (from German, German pronunciation: [ˈkɪndɐˌɡaːɐ̯tn̩] which means literally ""garden for the children"", the term was coined in the metaphorical sense of ""place where children can grow in a natural way"", not in the literal sense of having a ""garden"") is a preschool educational approach traditionally based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. The first such institutions were created in the late eighteenth century in Bavaria and Strasbourg to serve children both of whose parents worked out of the home. The term was coined by"
"Friedrich Fröbel Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel or Froebel (; 21 April 1782 – 21 June 1852) was a German pedagogue, a student of Pestalozzi, who laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. He created the concept of the ""kindergarten"" and coined the word, which soon entered the English language as well. He also developed the educational toys known as Froebel gifts. Friedrich Fröbel was born at Oberweißbach in the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt in Thuringia. A cousin of his was the mother of Henriette Schrader-Breymann, and Henriette became a student of"
"the work of Friedrich Froebel, who invented the concept of kindergarten as a complement to the care given children by their mothers. Teacher and writer Elizabeth Peabody opened Boston's first Froebel-inspired kindergarten in 1860; more kindergartens followed. Central to the Froeblian philosophy is the idea that individuals are important and unique, a focus that remains today at Lesley University. Edith Lesley, after having lived in Panama and Maine and studied in Freiburg, Germany, moved to Boston and became involved with public school teaching. She completed kindergarten training, took courses at Radcliffe College, and then began to plan her own kindergarten"
"(A Sunday Paper for the Like-Minded). In 1840 he coined the word kindergarten for the Play and Activity Institute he had founded in 1837 at Bad Blankenburg for young children, together with Wilhelm Middendorf and Heinrich Langethal. These two men were Fröbel's most faithful colleagues when his ideas were also transplanted to Keilhau near Rudolstadt. He designed the educational play materials known as Froebel Gifts, or ""Fröbelgaben"", which included geometric building blocks and pattern activity blocks. A book entitled ""Inventing Kindergarten"", by Norman Brosterman, examines the influence of Friedrich Fröbel on Frank Lloyd Wright and modern art. Friedrich Fröbel's great"
"equivalent to accreditation in the US) are also made by these ministries. However, public schools are automatically recognised, since these schools are supervised directly by the ministry of education bureaucracy. Although the first kindergarten in the world was opened in 1840 by Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel in the German town of Bad Blankenburg, and the term kindergarten is even a loanword from the German language, they are not part of the German school system. Article 7 Paragraph 6 of the German constitution (the ""Grundgesetz"") abolished pre-school as part of the German school system. However, virtually all German kindergartens are public."
"Karl Fröbel had written and published ""Weibliche Hochschulen und Kindergärten"" (Female Colleges and Kindergartens), which apparently met with some disapproval. To quote Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, ""The stupid minister (Karl Otto) von Raumer has decreed a ban on kindergartens, basing himself on a book by Karl Fröbel. He is confusing Friedrich and Karl Fröbel."" Fröbel's student Margarethe Schurz founded the first kindergarten in the United States at Watertown, Wisconsin in 1856, and she also inspired Elizabeth Peabody, who went on to found the first English-speaking kindergarten in the United States – the language at Schurz’s kindergarten had been German,"
"on 21 June 1852 in Marienthal, now a constituent community of Schweina. His grave can still be found in the cemetery at Schweina, where his widow, who died in Hamburg, was also buried on 10 January 1900. Fröbel’s idea of the kindergarten found appeal, but its spread in Germany was thwarted by the Prussian government, whose education ministry banned it on 7 August 1851 as ""atheistic and demagogic"" for its alleged ""destructive tendencies in the areas of religion and politics"". Other states followed suit. The reason for the ban, however, seems to have been a confusion of names. Fröbel's nephew"
"Margarethe Schurz Molly Meyer-Schurz (born Margarethe Meyer; also called Margaretha Meyer-Schurz or just Margarethe Schurz; born 27 August 1833 in Hamburg; died 15 March 1876) opened the first German-language Kindergarten in Watertown, WI (in the United States.) Margarethe Meyer-Schurz was born in Hamburg as the youngest daughter of Heinrich Christian Meyer, on August 27, 1833. Her mother died only a few hours after her birth. Her father encouraged education and the arts. In Hamburg, she studied under educators influenced by the creator of the ""kindergarten"" concept, child advocate Friedrich Froebel. Her father died when she was 15 years old. Through"
"subject of origami. The Froebel star carries the name of the German educationist Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852), founder of the ""Kindergarten"" concept. He encouraged the use of paper folding in pre–primary education with the aim of conveying simple mathematical concepts to children. It is, however, likely that Froebel did not invent this item and that it had already been within the realm of general knowledge for a long time. Froebel did encourage paper folding as an activity for young children and he popularised discourse about children's activities, which is how his name and the folding instructions might have become related. Descriptions"
"even experimented with mechanical devices to prevent it in adolescents (see below). Due to the limited success of these methods, he demanded playgrounds out of town, as urban housing had too little space for children to move about. Schreber was the founder of the eponymous ""Schreber movement"", although that term was used only after his death. In 1864, Leipzig school principal Ernst Innozenz Hauschild established the first ""Schrebergarten"", the German term for what are known in English as allotments or community gardens, by leasing land for the physical exercise of children. One of his sons, Daniel Paul Schreber, wrote an"
"kindergarten outside the German area was founded in 1851 in London. Five years later, Margarethe Schurz opened the first kindergarten in America in Watertown, Wisconsin. The language in the first kindergarten was German, as they were thought to be for the children of German immigrants. In 1882, the number of kindergartens in the US was 348. Meanwhile, the majority of Americans are no longer aware of the German origin of the word. The kindergarten teacher was first called ""kindergartner"", and later ""kindergarten teacher"". ""Kindergartner"" is now the child who attends the kindergarten. The verb ""to kindergarten"" means using the kindergarten"
"Bertha Ronge Bertha Ronge (born Meyer, 25 April 1818, Hamburg; died 18 April 1863) was an activist in the causes of childhood education, women's education and religious freedom. She established the kindergarten movement in England, where she founded the first three kindergartens in London (1851, with the assistance of her sister Margarethe Meyer Schurz), Manchester (1859) and Leeds (1860). She followed the precepts of Friedrich Fröbel, who advocated the use of structured play activities to promote learning. Bertha Ronge was largely responsible for Fröbel's kindergarten concept gaining a foothold in England. Bertha was the second child of Heinrich Christian Meyer,"
"of pamphlets on the kindergarten, several of which have been translated into English. Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow Baroness Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow (born 5 March 1810 in Brunswick; died 9 January 1893 in Dresden) was a German noblewoman and educator noted for her work in spreading the kindergarten concept through Europe. Bertha was daughter of baron Georg von Bülow-Wendhausen and countess Amalie Marie von Wartensleben. She married baron Wilhelm von Marenholtz, whom she left in 1847 without getting divorced. She was attracted by the ideas of Friedrich Fröbel, whom she met in 1850. She became his disciple and devoted her life to"
"she founded for young children. In 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the middle class and was copied throughout the Kingdom of Hungary. Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852) opened a ""play and activity"" institute in 1837 in the village of Bad Blankenburg in the principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Thuringia, as an experimental social experience for children entering school. He renamed his institute """" on June 28, 1840, reflecting his belief that children should be nurtured and nourished ""like plants in a garden"". Women trained by Fröbel opened kindergartens throughout Europe"
"critically analyzed and evaluated Fröbel theory, adopted fundamental notions into his own kindergarten pedagogy and expanded on these, developing an independent ""Köhler Kindergarten Pedagogy"". He first trained kindergarten teachers in Gotha in 1857. In the beginning, Köhler had thought to engage male educators exclusively, but far too few applied. Thekla Naveau founded in October 1853 the first kindergarten in Sondershausen and on 1 April 1867 the first kindergarten after the Prussian ban was lifted in Nordhausen. Angelika Hartmann founded in 1864 the first kindergarten after Fröbel’s model in Köthen, Anhalt. In 1908 and 1911, kindergarten teacher training was recognized in"
"Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow Baroness Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow (born 5 March 1810 in Brunswick; died 9 January 1893 in Dresden) was a German noblewoman and educator noted for her work in spreading the kindergarten concept through Europe. Bertha was daughter of baron Georg von Bülow-Wendhausen and countess Amalie Marie von Wartensleben. She married baron Wilhelm von Marenholtz, whom she left in 1847 without getting divorced. She was attracted by the ideas of Friedrich Fröbel, whom she met in 1850. She became his disciple and devoted her life to founding kindergartens in Germany and many other European countries. She wrote a number"
"the first kindergarten in the United States at Watertown, Wisconsin in 1856, and she also inspired Elizabeth Peabody, who went on to found the first English-speaking kindergarten in the United States – the language at Schurz's kindergarten had been German, to serve an immigrant community – in Boston in 1860. This paved the way for the concept's spread in the USA. The German émigré Adolph Douai had also founded a kindergarten in Boston in 1859, but was obliged to close it after only a year. By 1866, however, he was founding others in New York City. William Heard Kilpatrick (1871–1965)"
"1957. The interior, a living room used as a classroom, remains furnished in the period and portrays a kindergarten class in progress. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Margarethe Schurz Molly Meyer-Schurz (born Margarethe Meyer; also called Margaretha Meyer-Schurz or just Margarethe Schurz; born 27 August 1833 in Hamburg; died 15 March 1876) opened the first German-language Kindergarten in Watertown, WI (in the United States.) Margarethe Meyer-Schurz was born in Hamburg as the youngest daughter of Heinrich Christian Meyer, on August 27, 1833. Her mother died only a few hours after her birth. Her"
"in 1837, Friedrich Fröbel founded the first ""kindergarten"" in Germany. One of Ludwig van Beethoven's students, Therese was the dedicatee for his Piano Sonata No. 24 (in F major, Opus 78), nicknamed """"à Thérèse"""", and some scholars and writers have speculated that she—not her sister Josephine—may have been the ""Immortal Beloved"". Her memoirs were first published by La Mara, and her diaries and notes (up to 1813) by Marianne Czeke, both revealing much about the relations between Beethoven and the Brunsvik family, in particular her sister Josephine. Teréz Brunszvik Countess Teréz Brunszvik de Korompa (Therese Countess von Brunsvik or Brunswick)"
"May 1828 in her residence in Buda, the first of eleven care centers that she founded for young children. In 1836 she established an institute for the foundation of preschool centers. The idea became popular among the nobility and the middle class and was copied throughout the Hungarian kingdom. Friedrich Fröbel (1782–1852) opened a ""Play and Activity"" institute in 1837 in the village of Bad Blankenburg in the principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Thuringia, which he renamed Kindergarten on 28 June 1840. Women trained by Fröbel opened Kindergartens throughout Europe and around the World. The first kindergarten in the United States was"
"gained greater importance in its public education system. In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; the American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau; the founders of progressive education, John Dewey and Francis Parker; and educational pioneers such as Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner, and more recently John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick"
"In 1861 the Ronge family moved back to Germany to Wroclaw (now in Poland) and to Frankfurt in 1863 where Bertha died. Her sister Margarethe married Carl Schurz and founded the first kindergarten in the United States in Watertown, Wisconsin (1856). Bertha Ronge Bertha Ronge (born Meyer, 25 April 1818, Hamburg; died 18 April 1863) was an activist in the causes of childhood education, women's education and religious freedom. She established the kindergarten movement in England, where she founded the first three kindergartens in London (1851, with the assistance of her sister Margarethe Meyer Schurz), Manchester (1859) and Leeds (1860)."
"Louise Plessner Pollock Louise Plessner Pollock, born in 1833 in Germany, died July 24, 1901 at Skyland, Virginia, was an influential early advocate of the Kindergarten Movement in 19th century America. Born Louise Caroline Frederica Augusta Victoria Wilhelmina von Pless (Anglicized as Plessner), she married in 1850 in Dresden to George Henry Pollock, who was born in Massachusetts in 1829. She is often stated to have opened the first kindergarten in America, but that seminal event actually took place in the home of Margarethe Meyer-Schurz in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1854. Pollock did open the first kindergarten in West Newton, Massachusetts,"
"education children learn and develops through creative activities. Bradley would spend much of the rest of his life promoting the kindergarten movement both personally and through the Milton Bradley Company. Milton Bradley was an early advocate of Friedrich Froebel's idea of Kindergarten. Springfield's first kindergarten students were Milton Bradley's two daughters, and the first teachers in Springfield were Milton, his wife and his father. Milton Bradley's company's involvement with kindergartens began with the production of ""gifts,"" the term used by Froebel for the geometric wooden play things that he felt were necessary to properly structure children's creative development. Bradley spent"
"Frederick the Great), who became king of Prussia in 1740, was a proponent of Hecker's work. With the king's encouragement, Hecker started a garden near his school. In addition to vegetables, herbs, and fruit trees, the garden included a mulberry plantation for the purpose of silk production. Hecker's educational work was a major influence on the formulation of Prussia's first general school law, issued by Frederick II in 1763, which formed the basis for a system of state-supported primary schools. Johann Julius Hecker Johann Julius Hecker (December 2, 1707 – June 24, 1768) was a German educator who established the"
"advocated a radical withdrawal of the child from society and an educational process that utilized the natural potential of the child and its curiosity, teaching it by confronting it with simulated real-life obstacles and conditioning it by experience rather than teaching it intellectually. His ideas were rarely implemented directly, but were influential on later thinkers, particularly Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Friedrich Wilhelm August Fröbel, the inventor of the kindergarten. In the United States, Horace Mann (1796 – 1859) of Massachusetts used his political base and role as Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education to promote public education in"
"Julius Fröbel Carl Ferdinand Julius Fröbel (16 July 1805 – 7 November 1893) was a German geologist and mineralogist, journalist, and democratic revolutionary already during the ""Vormärz"" era. He was active in Germany, Switzerland, the United States and South America at different times in his life. He was born in the Thuringian village of Griesheim (today part of the Ilmtal municipality), the son of pastor Johann Michael Christoph Fröbel (d. 1813) and his wife Christiane Sopie. He attended the educational institute of his uncle Friedrich Fröbel, the founder of the kindergarten system, and continued his studies of natural sciences at"
"Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (13 September 1750, Weilburg – 24 February 1823, Munich) was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn. He is regarded as the founder of the English gardens in Germany, which he introduced to the German experts with his writings on garden design. His manner of grouping and choice of plants is still used to an extent in German landscaping today. Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England"
"William Nicholas Hailmann William Nicholas Hailmann (20 October 1836 Glarus, Switzerland – 13 May 1920 Pasadena, California) was a United States educator. He was a progressive educator and helped introduce the kindergarten into the United States. He was educated in the gymnasium at Zürich, studied in Medical College of Louisville, Kentucky, and received a Ph.D. from Ohio University in 1885. He taught natural science in the Louisville high schools from 1856 to 1865, and then directed the German and English Academy from 1865 to 1873 where he built the first kindergarten classroom in the United States. He eventually became president"
"beginning of a transformation in the Tiergarten, a movement from the king’s personal hunting territory to a forest park designed for the people. Frederick Wilhelm I's son and successor, Frederick II (""Frederick the Great"") (1712 — 1786) did not appreciate the hunt as his predecessors did, In 1740, he opened the park's first public gardens. In 1742 he instructed the architect Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff to tear down the fences that surrounded the territory and to turn the park into a ""Lustgarten"" (literally ""pleasure garden""), one that would be open to the people of Berlin. In the baroque style popular"
"originated with the wooden building blocks which were designed by Friedrich Fröbel, the creator of the ""Kindergarten"" system of education. He had observed how children enjoyed playing with geometrically shaped blocks. The first Anchor Stone was produced when Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav decided that make a model of a stone building, using miniature blocks of stone. To this end, they started production of a limited number of blocks, made of a mixture of quartz sand, chalk, and linseed oil. Unfortunately, the Lilienthals, though brilliant inventors, had limited commercial success. The stone blocks saw little popularity until 1880, when"
"European culture; folding was a significant part of Friedrich Froebel's ""Kindergarten"" method, and the designs published in connection with his curriculum are stylistically similar to the napkin fold repertoire. When Japan opened its borders in the 1860s, as part of a modernization strategy, they imported Froebel's Kindergarten system—and with it, German ideas about paperfolding. This included the ban on cuts, and the starting shape of a bicolored square. These ideas, and some of the European folding repertoire, were integrated into the Japanese tradition. Before this, traditional Japanese sources use a variety of starting shapes, often had cuts; and if they"