"The Jupiter Effect The Jupiter Effect is a 1974 book by John Gribbin and Stephen Plagemann, in which the authors predicted that an alignment of the planets of the Solar System would create a number of catastrophes, including a great earthquake on the San Andreas Fault, on March 10, 1982. The book became a best-seller. The predicted catastrophes did not occur. Astronomers had long been aware that there would be an alignment of the planets on that date, when Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto would be on the same side of the Sun, within an"
"calendars, seasons, and harvests—not now confused with Chronos, the unrelated embodiment of time in general. Nevertheless, among Hellenistic scholars in Alexandria and during the Renaissance, Cronus was conflated with the name of ""Chronos"", the personification of ""Father Time"", wielding the harvesting scythe. As a result of Cronus's importance to the Romans, his Roman variant, Saturn, has had a large influence on Western culture. The seventh day of the Judaeo-Christian week is called in Latin ""Dies Saturni"" (""Day of Saturn""), which in turn was adapted and became the source of the English word ""Saturday"". In astronomy, the planet Saturn is named"
"Names of the days of the week The names of the days of the week in many languages are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astrology, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced by the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, either beginning with Sunday or with Monday. In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week. Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman"
"the Greeks, he was Helios, carried by a chariot drawn by fiery horses. From the reign of Elagabalus in the late Roman Empire the Sun's birthday was a holiday celebrated as Sol Invictus (literally ""Unconquered Sun"") soon after the winter solstice, which may have been an antecedent to Christmas. Regarding the fixed stars, the Sun appears from Earth to revolve once a year along the ecliptic through the zodiac, and so Greek astronomers categorized it as one of the seven planets (Greek ""planetes"", ""wanderer""); the naming of the days of the weeks after the seven planets dates to the Roman"
"Saturday Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. The Romans named Saturday ""Sāturni diēs"" (""Saturn's Day"") no later than the 2nd century for the planet Saturn, which controlled the first hour of that day, according to Vettius Valens. The day's name was introduced into West Germanic languages and is recorded in the Low German languages such as Middle Low German ""sater(s)dach"", Middle Dutch ""saterdag"" (Modern Dutch ""zaterdag"") and Old English ""Sætern(es)dæġ"" and ""Sæterdæġ"". The day was also referred to as ""Sæternes dæġe"" in an Old English translation of Bede's ""Ecclesiastical History of the English People"". In"
"- see понедельник Thing (Assembly), of which god Tyr/Ziu was the patron. Mid-week ""or"" Middle The day between two fasts ""(An Dé idir dhá aoin, contracted to An Déardaoin)"" (Christianity) The Fast or Fasting Day (Christianity) Good Friday or Preparation (Christianity) ""Shabbat"" (Jewish Sabbath) Names of the days of the week The names of the days of the week in many languages are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astrology, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced by the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named"
"""Germanic Mercury"". The Latin name dates to the late 2nd or early 3rd century. It is a calque of Greek (""heméra Hérmou""), a term first attested, together with the system of naming the seven weekdays after the seven classical planets, in the ""Anthologiarum"" by Vettius Valens (c. AD 170). The Latin name is reflected directly in the weekday name in most modern Romance languages: ""Mércuris"" (Sardinian), ""mercredi"" (French), ""mercoledì"" (Italian), ""miércoles"" (Spanish), ""miercuri"" (Romanian), ""dimecres"" (Catalan), ""Marcuri"" or ""Mercuri"" (Corsican). In Welsh it is Dydd Mercher, meaning Mercury's Day. The German name for the day, ""Mittwoch"" (literally: ""mid-week""), replaced the"
"followed by Sun-day, Moon-day, Mars-day, Mercury-day, Jupiter-day, and lastly Venus-day. Each astrological day was reckoned to begin at sunrise. The Jews also used a seven-day week, which began Saturday evening. The seventh day of the week they called Sabbath; the other days they numbered rather than named, except for Friday, which could be called either the Parasceve or the sixth day. Each Jewish day was reckoned to begin at sunset. Christians followed the Jewish seven-day week, except that they commonly called the first day of the week the ""Dominica"", or the Lord's day. In 321 Constantine the Great gave his"
"named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?"" (the text of Plutarch's treatise has been lost). An ecclesiastical, non-astrological, system of numbering the days of the week was adopted in Late Antiquity. This model also seems to have influenced (presumably via Gothic) the designation of Wednesday as ""mid-week"" in Old High German (""mittawehha"") and Old Church Slavonic (срѣда). Old Church Slavonic may have also modeled the name of Monday, понєдѣльникъ, after the Latin ""feria secunda"". The ecclesiastical system became prevalent in Eastern Christianity, but in the Latin West it remains extant only in modern Icelandic,"
"gave his name to the third month in the Roman calendar, ""Martius"", from which English ""March"" derives. In the most ancient Roman calendar, ""Martius"" was the first month. The planet Mars was named for him, and in some allegorical and philosophical writings, the planet and the god are endowed with shared characteristics. In many languages, Tuesday is named for the planet Mars or the god of war: In Latin, ""martis dies"" (""Mars's Day""), survived in Romance languages as ""martes"" (Spanish), ""mardi"" (French), ""martedi"" (Italian), ""marţi"" (Romanian), and ""dimarts"" (Catalan). In Irish (Gaelic), the day is ""An Mháirt"", while in Albanian"
"in the fifth house. Venus is the planet of Friday. In languages deriving from Latin, such as Romanian, Spanish, French, and Italian, the word for Friday often resembles the word Venus (""vineri"", ""viernes"", ""vendredi"" and ""venerdì"" respectively). Dante Alighieri associated Venus with the liberal art of rhetoric. In Chinese astrology, Venus is associated with the element metal, which is unyielding, strong and persistent. In Indian astrology, Venus is known as Shukra and represents wealth, pleasure and reproduction. In Norse Paganism, the planet is associated to Freyja, the goddess of love, beauty and fertility. Mars () is the ruling planet of"
"in succession, over the hours of the day. The association of the weekdays with the respective deities is thus indirect, the days are named for the planets, which were in turn named for the deities. The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans but glossed their indigenous gods over the Roman deities in a process known as ""interpretatio germanica"". In the case of Saturday, however, the Roman name was borrowed directly by West Germanic peoples, apparently because none of the Germanic gods were considered to be counterparts of the Roman god Saturn. Otherwise Old Norse and Old High"
"(seven) of the archons is lost. Irenaeus tells us: ""the holy Hebdomad is the seven stars which they call planets"" (). It is safe, therefore, to take the above seven Gnostic names as designating the seven planetary divinities, the sun, moon and five planets. In the Mandaean system the Seven are introduced with the Babylonian names of the planets. The connection of the Seven with the planets is also clearly established by the expositions of Celsus and Origen (""Contra Celsum"", vi. 2 2 seq.) and similarly by the above-cited passage in the ""Pistis Sophia"", where the archons, who are here"
"of the week closely parallels that of the Latin system and is ordered after the ""Seven Luminaries"" (七曜 ""qī yào""), which consists of the Sun, Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye. The Chinese seem to have adopted the seven-day week from the Hellenistic system by the 4th century, although by which route is not entirely clear. It was again transmitted to China in the 8th century by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand). The 4th-century date, according to the ""Cihai"" encyclopedia, is due to a reference to Fan Ning (範寧/范宁),"
"the remainder after dividing the Julian day number by seven (JD ""modulo"" 7 + 1) yields that date's ISO 8601 day of the week (for example, the Julian day number of 23 2019 is 0. Calculating (0 mod 7 + 1) yields 1, corresponding to .). The days of the week were originally named for the classical planets. This naming system persisted alongside an ""ecclesiastical"" tradition of numbering the days, in ecclesiastical Latin beginning with ""dominica"" (the Day of the Lord) as the first day. The Greco-Roman gods associated with the classical planets were rendered in their ""interpretatio germanica"" at"
"any other. It would have been natural to think that the number of seven archons was suggested to Saturninus by astronomical considerations; and this supposition is verified by the statement in the later chapter () that the holy Hebdomas are the seven stars called planets. In fact, the sphere of the seven stars, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon, were supposed to be presided over, each by a different archon. Their names are differently given; Irenaeus (c. 30) giving them, Ialdabaoth, the chief, Iao, Sabaoth, Adonaeus, Eloaeus, Oreus, and Astaphaeus. With this closely agrees Origen, who,"
"sidereal revolutions of each planet including Shani, from their astronomical studies, with slightly different results: ""Shani"" is the basis for ""Shanivara"" – one of the seven days that make a week in the Hindu calendar. This day corresponds to Saturday – after Saturn – in the Greco-Roman convention for naming the days of the week. The zodiac and naming system of Hindu astrology, including those on Shani as Saturn, likely developed in the centuries after the arrival of Greek astrology with Alexander the Great, their zodiac signs being nearly identical. Shani is a deity in medieval era texts, who is"
"days of the week to the seven planets is an innovation introduced in the time of Augustus. The astrological concept of planetary hours is rather an original innovation of Hellenistic astrology, probably first conceived in the 2nd century BC. The seven day week was widely known throughout the Roman Empire by the 1st century AD, along with references to the Jewish Sabbath by Roman scholars such as Seneca and Ovid. The seven day cycle ultimately replaced the older Roman system of the nundinal cycle, probably during the 4th century. The earliest evidence of an astrological significance of a seven-day period"
"popularity of the seven-day rhythm won and the eight-day week disappeared. The cycle of seven days, named after the sun, the moon, and the five planets visible to the naked eye, was already customary in the time of Justin Martyr, who wrote of the Christians meeting on the Day of the Sun (Sunday). Emperor Constantine eventually established the seven-day week in the Roman calendar in AD 321. The Celts used periods of darkness such as night and winter to begin their calculations of time. This meant that the first period of time in a ""week"" was a night, followed by"
"assigned one of the planetary deities to each day of the week. The Byzantines naturally avoided using these Latin names with their pagan echoes. They began their week with the ""Lord's Day"" (Kyriake), followed by an orderly succession of numbered days: Deutera (""2nd""), Trite (""3rd""), Tetarte (""4th""), and Pempte (""5th""), a day of ""preparation"" (Paraskeve), and finally Sabatton. Each day was devoted to remembering one event of the life of Christ or the Theotokos or several martyrs or saints, whose observed feast days gradually eclipsed traditional festivals. Kyriake was seen as the day of resurrection of Christ and as both"
"Week A week is a time unit equal to seven days. It is the standard time period used for cycles of rest days in most parts of the world, mostly alongside—although not strictly part of—the Gregorian calendar. The days of the week were named after the classical planets (derived from the astrological system of planetary hours) in the Roman era. In English, the names are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday . ISO 8601 includes the ISO week date system, a numbering system for weeks within a given year – each week begins on a Monday and is"
"derive from Latin, days of the week still preserve the names of the original Roman deities, such as the Italian for Tuesday, ""martedì"" (from the Latin ""Martis dies""). This is also the case with Saturn in some West Germanic languages; such as the English ""Saturday"", the West Frisian """", the Low German """" and the Dutch """" all meaning Saturn's day. Simek emphasizes the paucity of evidence and notes that comparison with Roman gods is insufficient to reconstruct ancient Germanic gods and equate them definitively with those of later Norse mythology. The following is a list of Greek, Roman, Etruscan,"
"seven corresponds to the seven classical planets known to antiquity. Ancient observers noticed that these objects moved at different paces in the sky both from each other and from the fixed stars beyond them: Mercury, Venus, the Moon, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Unlike comets, which appeared in the sky with no warning, they did move in regular patterns that could be predicted. They also observed that objects in the sky influenced objects on earth, as when movements of the sun affect the behavior of plants or movements of the moon affect ocean tides. While others believe the seven"
"and is the day of rest. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between Saturday (Sabbath) and the Lord's Day (Sunday). Other Protestant groups, such as Seventh-day Adventists, hold that the Lord's Day is the Sabbath, according to the fourth commandment (Exodus 20:8), and not Sunday. Jesus also kept the Sabbath ""as his custom was"" according to Luke 4:16, and so did the apostle Paul (Acts 13:42,44; Acts 18:4). In astrology, Saturn is associated with Saturday, its planet's symbol and the astrological signs of Capricorn and Aquarius. Saturday Saturday is the day of the week between Friday and Sunday. The"
"the dawn. The Romans considered the planet Lucifer particularly sacred to the goddess Venus, whose name eventually became the scientific name for the planet. The second century Roman mythographer Pseudo-Hyginus said of the planet: Ovid, in his first century epic ""Metamorphoses"", describes Lucifer as ordering the heavens: In the classical Roman period, Lucifer was not typically regarded as a deity and had few, if any, myths, though the planet was associated with various deities and often poetically personified. Cicero pointed out that ""You say that Sol the Sun and Luna the Moon are deities, and the Greeks identify the former"
"terms of Norse origin for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, then later supplanted these with terms relating to church fasting practices. Albanian adopted the Latin terms for Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday, adopted translations of the Latin terms for Sunday and Monday, and kept native terms for Thursday and Friday. Other languages adopted the week together with the Latin (Romance) names for the days of the week in the colonial period. Some constructed languages also adopted the Latin terminology. The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans by substituting the Germanic deities for the Roman ones (with the exception of"
"Europe and it is especially aligned by the astrological signs of Gemini and Virgo. Wednesday is one of the only three days aside from Neptune and Pluto to be associated by another planet, which is Uranus. Wednesday Wednesday is the day of the week between Tuesday and Thursday. According to international standard ISO 8601 it is the third day of the week. In countries that use the ""Sunday-last"" convention and in the Jewish Hebrew calendar Wednesday is defined as the third day of the week. The name is derived from Old English ""Wōdnesdæg"" and Middle English ""Wednesdei"", ""day of Woden"","
"name for Monday comes from ""luna"" (e.g., ""luni"" in Romanian, ""lundi"" in French, ""lunes"" in Spanish and ""lunedi"" in Italian). Dante Alighieri associated the Moon with the liberal art of grammar. In Chinese astrology, the Moon represents Yin, the passive and receptive feminine life principle. In Indian astrology, the Moon is called Chandra or Soma and represents the mind, queenship and mother. The north lunar node (called Rahu) and the south lunar node (called Ketu) are considered to be of particular importance and are given an equal place alongside the seven classical planets as part of the nine navagraha. Mercury"
"would set aside time on the Saturday to wash their whites for Church on Sunday. A common alternative Māori name for Saturday is the transliteration ""Hatarei"". In Japanese, the word Saturday is (""doyōbi""), meaning 'soil day' and is associated with (""dosei""): Saturn (the planet), literally meaning ""soil star"". Similarly, in Korean the word Saturday is 토요일 (""tho yo il""), also meaning earth day. The element Earth was associated with the planet Saturn in Chinese astrology and philosophy. In most languages of India, Saturday is ""Shanivāra"", ""vāra"" meaning day, based on Shani, the Vedic god manifested in the planet Saturn. In"
"Romanian, ""marţi"", in Spanish, ""martes"", in French, ""mardi"" and in Italian ""martedì""). The English ""Tuesday"" is a modernised form of ""Tyr's Day"", Tyr being the Germanic analogue to Mars. Dante Alighieri associated Mars with the liberal art of arithmetic. In Chinese astrology, Mars is ruled by the element fire, which is passionate, energetic and adventurous. In Indian astrology, Mars is called Mangala and represents energy, confidence and ego. Jupiter () is the ruling planet of Sagittarius and it is exalted in Cancer. In classical Roman mythology, Jupiter is the ruler of the gods and their guardian and protector, and his"
"Old English, Saturday was also known as ""sunnanæfen"" (""sun"" + ""eve"" cf. dialectal German ""Sonnabend""). Saturday is the Sabbath day of the Bible (Exodus 20:8; Luke 23:54-24:1) but also a day in which many people do leisure activities. Between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. The astrological order of the days was explained by Vettius Valens and Dio Cassius (and Chaucer gave the same explanation in his ""Treatise on the Astrolabe""). According to these authors, it was a principle of astrology that the heavenly bodies presided,"
"a Friday–Saturday weekend: on 1 September 2006 in Bahrain and the UAE, and a year later in Kuwait. In Iran, Friday and Thursday are weekend days. The name ""Friday"" comes from the Old English ', meaning the ""day of Frige"", a result of an old convention associating the Germanic goddess Frigg with the Roman goddess Venus, with whom the day is associated in many different cultures. The same holds for ' in Old High German, ' in Modern German, and ' in Dutch. The expected cognate name in Old Norse would be *'. However, the name of Friday in Old"
"Greek, ""Κυριακή ἡμέρα"", ""kyriake hemera"" i.e. the day of the Lord) in Rev. 1:10, which is another possible origin of the Armenian word for Sunday. However, in many European countries calendars almost always show Monday as the first day of the week, which follows the ISO 8601 standard. In the Persian calendar, Sunday is the second day of the week. However, it is called ""number one"" as counting starts from zero; the first day - Saturday - is denoted as 00. In Roman culture, Sunday was the day of the Sun god. In paganism, the sun was a source of"