"committee feared being labeled naïve for accepting a young politician's promises at face value"", stating that ""no one could deny that 'the international climate' had suddenly improved, and that Mr. Obama was the main reason...'We want to embrace the message that he stands for."" Obama was the fourth U.S. President to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, after Theodore Roosevelt (1906) and Woodrow Wilson (1919)—both of whom received the award during their terms—and Jimmy Carter (2002), who received the award 21 years after leaving office. In addition, then-sitting Vice President Charles Dawes was a co-winner with Austen Chamberlain (1925), and"
"along with a check for €122,000, by an international jury composed of 11 persons from five continents, led by former United States Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger. The prize was first awarded in 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of the African National Congress, and Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of the Republic of South Africa, and has been awarded each year since, with the exception of 2001 and 2004. Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux (The Old One), was the first President"
"Ralph Bunche Ralph Johnson Bunche (; August 7, 1904 December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel. He was the first African American to be so honored in the history of the prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy. For more than two decades (1928 to 1950), Bunche served as chair of the Department of Political Science at Howard University, where he"
"in 1994 for their efforts in making peace between Israel and Palestine. Immediately after the award was announced, one of the five Norwegian Nobel Committee members denounced Arafat as a terrorist and resigned. Additional misgivings about Arafat were widely expressed in various newspapers. Another controversial Peace Prize was that awarded to Barack Obama in 2009. Nominations had closed only eleven days after Obama took office as President of the United States, but the actual evaluation occurred over the next eight months. Obama himself stated that he did not feel deserving of the award, or worthy of the company it would"
"and other countries. Carter and the Center support human rights defenders around the world and have intervened with heads of state on their behalf. In 2002, President Carter received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work ""to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"" through The Carter Center. Three sitting presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Barack Obama, have received the prize; Carter is unique in receiving the award for his actions after leaving the presidency. He is, along with Martin Luther King Jr., one of only two"
"has achieved, through direct personal contacts across boundaries, widely recognized advances toward President Eisenhower’s vision of peace and productivity through person-to-person international dialogue. Notable recipients include Presidents Gerald Ford and George H.W. Bush, United States Secretaries of State Colin Powell, Henry Kissinger and George Shultz, U.S. Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan, Nobel Prize winner and economist Dr. Amartya Sen, Professor Muhammad Yunus, and founding Trustees Ambassadors Walter H. Annenberg and Thomas J. Watson, Jr. The Eisenhower Medal is conferred annually at a private gala dinner with Trustees, sponsors, and Fellows. Annually, outstanding Fellows are recognized"
"W. Bush for the Nobel Peace Prize. In his statement to the Associated Press, Nesvik justified the claimed nomination, which was controversial to some, as follows: ""The background for my nomination is their decisive action against terrorism, something I believe in the future will be the greatest threat to peace... Unfortunately, sometimes... you have to use force to secure peace."" The 2002 Nobel Prize was in the end awarded to former US President Jimmy Carter. Non-winning Nobel nominations are kept secret for 50 years by the Nobel committee, so Nesvik's claim is not officially verifiable until 2052. Harald T. Nesvik"
"for 1985, the late Irish senator and peace campaigner Gordon Wilson for 1987, former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev for 1988, the late South African president Nelson Mandela for 1989, former US president Bill Clinton for 2000, former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani for 2001, John O’Shea, founder of the charity Goal for 2003, the late Pakistani president Benazir Bhutto for 2007, the late US Senator Edward Kennedy for 2009, Afghan human rights campaigner Dr Sima Samar for 2010, former Irish president, Mary McAleese and her husband, senator Martin McAleese for 2011, Pakistani activist for female education and youngest-ever Nobel Prize"
"Nobel Peace Prize for his role in non-violent, moral leadership. However, some scholars note that the movement was too diverse to be credited to any one person, organization, or strategy. Before the American Civil War, almost four million blacks were enslaved in the South, only white men of property could vote, and the Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. But some free states of the North extended the franchise and other rights of citizenship to African Americans. Following the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed, including the 13th Amendment (1865) that ended slavery; the 14th"
"abolition of international war, the foulest blot upon our civilization"", and he gave his trustees ""the widest discretion as to the measures and policy they shall from time to time adopt"" in carrying out the purpose of the fund. Carnegie chose longtime adviser Elihu Root, Senator from New York and former Secretary of War and of State, to be the Endowment's first president. Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912, Root served until 1925. Founder trustees included Harvard University president Charles William Eliot, philanthropist Robert S. Brookings, former U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain Joseph Hodges Choate, former Secretary of State"
"upon acceptance by the United States Senate or showing “sufficient popular support”. The 1924 American Peace Award received plans from thousands of applicants, and caught the interest of the Senate. The prize was awarded in February 1924 to Dr. Charles Herbert Levermore, who was secretary of the World Court League, the League of Nations Union, and the New York Peace Society, and former president of Adelphi College. Levermore’s plan suggested the United States adhere to the Permanent Court of International Justice and should extend its cooperation with the League of Nations. The American Peace Award was established in 2008 as"
"2009 Nobel Peace Prize The 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to United States President Barack Obama for his ""extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between people"". The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the award on October 9, 2009, citing Obama's promotion of nuclear nonproliferation and a ""new climate"" in international relations fostered by Obama, especially in reaching out to the Muslim world. The Nobel Committee's decision drew mixed reactions from US commentators and editorial writers across the political spectrum, as well as from the rest of the world. Obama accepted the prize in Oslo on December 10, 2009."
"Nicholas Murray Butler Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 – December 7, 1947) was an American philosopher, diplomat, and educator. Butler was president of Columbia University, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He became so well known and respected that ""The New York Times"" printed his Christmas greeting to the nation every year. Butler was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey to Mary Butler and manufacturing worker Henry Butler. He enrolled in Columbia College (later Columbia University) and joined the Peithologian Society. He earned his bachelor of arts degree in 1882,"
"Berlin), 19 to Belgium, nine to Switzerland, six to Austria, and five to the Netherlands. No president has yet visited Liechtenstein, Luxembourg or Monaco. United States presidential visits to Western Europe Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe. The first visits by an incumbent President to countries in Western Europe were made in 1918 and 19 by Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. He was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his peacemaking efforts. Visits occurring during the 1940s through 1980s were offshoots of American diplomatic interactions following World War II and"
"award. Some past recipients have been: Danielle Mitterrand, former First Lady of France, in 1989 for her work with children in Third World countries. President George H. W. Bush in 1991 for his role in bringing peace and democracy to the Middle East during and after the Gulf War. King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 1991, for peacefully bringing democracy to his country. Laura Bush, 2002, for her career in bettering children’s education. Oprah Winfrey, 2007, for her global humanitarian efforts, and education of children. Nicolas Sarkozy, former French President, won the award in 2008 for renewing ties with WW2"
"on the 1-dollar 1938 Presidential Series stamp. The twenty-eighth president of the United States, Wilson led the United States through World War I with a reputation as a peacemaker. In 1920, he became the first American president to win the Nobel Peace Prize. The post office used two-color stamps for the high value rates so that they would not be confused with the cent denominations. The 1-dollar was used for parcels, registered letters and heavier international airmails. History of Virginia on stamps The history of Virginia through the colonial period on into contemporary times has been depicted and commemorated on"
"Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger; May 27, 1923) is an American elder statesman, political scientist, diplomat, geopolitical and consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. A Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938, he became National Security Advisor in 1969 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1973. For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances, with two members of the committee resigning in protest."
"American Peace Award The American Peace Award is awarded to American citizens working to further the cause of world peace. The American Peace Award was created in 1923 by Edward W. Bok, who believed that the United States Government was not taking initiative to promote peace in the world. $100,000 was to be awarded to the person submitting “the best practicable plan by which the United States may co-operate with other nations for the achievement and preservation of world peace.” The first half of the prize was awarded upon the selection of the plan by a jury, and the remainder"
"two men became friends, and Congressman Leggett continued to be inspired by the faithful Christians in Korea. Inspired by the success of the United States Peace Corps initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy, the two co-founded the World Peace Corp Mission as a civilian organization emulating the spirit of that program. Two awards are given - the Main Prize and the Top Honor Prize. The first Top Honor Prize was awarded to former U.S. President Ronald Reagan for ""Winning the star wars against the Russia and the UAS National stability"". The prize is not awarded every year; the next"
"2002 Nobel Peace Prize The 2002 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Jimmy Carter ""for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts"". Carter has been involved in a variety of national and international public policy, conflict resolution, human rights and charitable causes. In 1982, he established The Carter Center in Atlanta to advance human rights and alleviate human suffering. The non-profit, nongovernmental Center promotes democracy, mediates and prevents conflicts, and monitors the electoral process in support of free and fair elections. It also works to improve global health through the control and eradication of diseases"
"soon. His health did not improve, and Bunche died December 9, 1971, at age 68, from complications of diabetes mellitus. He was survived by his wife Ruth, daughter Joan, son Ralph, and the three Pierce grandchildren. His wife later enjoyed three additional grandchildren and several great-grandchildren. He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City. Ralph Bunche Ralph Johnson Bunche (; August 7, 1904 December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel. He was the first African American to be"
"served as the 8th President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003, and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 for his successful implementation of the Sunshine Policy. Laney would later serve as United States Ambassador to South Korea and the Emory graduate school, founded in 1919, was named in his honor in 2009. In 2005, the university presented the President Medal, an rare award conferred only on individuals whose impact on the world has enhanced the dominion of peace or has enlarged the range of cultural achievement, to Civil Rights Movement activist Rosa Parks. The award is one"
"2016 Nobel Peace Prize The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos ""for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people."" The conflict is the longest running war, and last remaining guerrilla struggle, in the Americas. The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually to those who have ""done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and"
"United States presidential visits to Western Europe Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe. The first visits by an incumbent President to countries in Western Europe were made in 1918 and 19 by Woodrow Wilson in the aftermath of World War I. He was awarded the 1919 Nobel Peace Prize for his peacemaking efforts. Visits occurring during the 1940s through 1980s were offshoots of American diplomatic interactions following World War II and during the Cold War. To date, 38 visits have been made to France, 31 to Germany (including 10 specifically to West Germany or West"
"Syria chief amongst them – they can sometimes provide the necessary momentum to see it through."" The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee: 2016 Nobel Peace Prize The 2016 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the President of Colombia Juan Manuel Santos ""for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people."" The conflict is the longest running war, and last remaining guerrilla struggle, in the Americas. The Nobel Peace Prize"
"and 24th President of the United States. Harry S. Truman – 33rd President of the United States. Martha Washington – The 1st First Lady of the United States. Martin Van Buren – 8th President of the United States. Theodore Roosevelt – 26th President of the United States. Former President Herbert Hoover became the first honorary chairman of Tolstoy Foundation in Valley Cottage, New York, in 1939 and served in this capacity until his death in 1964. Thurgood Marshall – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States Jane Kannif, the widow of a Scotch physician, lived in a"
"Leadership Conference (1957), serving as its first president. King received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination through non-violent civil disobedience. He was assassinated in 1968. Ralph David Abernathy, Bernard Lee, Fred Shuttlesworth, C.T. Vivian and Jesse Jackson are among the many notable minister-activists. They were especially important during the later years of the movement in the 1950s and 1960s. History of Protestantism in the United States Christianity was introduced with the first European settlers beginning in the 16th and 17th centuries. Colonists from Northern Europe introduced Protestantism in its Anglican and Reformed forms"
"the United States."" Castro's prize was received by a Cuban student in China. Nominated for the award in 2015 were the Chinese Taoist Association, Ban Ki-moon, former Japanese prime ministers Yasuo Fukuda and Tomiichi Murayama, Kazakhstan president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Bill Gates, Chinese-American politician Anna Chennault, South Korean president Park Geun-hye, Hsing Yun of the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist movement in Taiwan, and Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Mugabe was eventually declared the winner for ""working tirelessly to build the political and economic stability of his country, bringing peace to the people of Zimbabwe, strongly supporting pan-Africanism and African independence, and making"
"in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with ""deep gratitude and great humility."" The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures. Obama's peace prize was called a ""stunning surprise"" by ""The New York Times"". Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office. Obama's Nobel Prize has been viewed skeptically in subsequent years, especially after the director of the Nobel Institute, Geir Lundestad, said Obama's Peace Prize did not have the desired effect. Barack Obama's presidency ended at"
"began to recognize nuclear disarmament efforts In the award presentation speech on December 10, 2017, Nobel Committee Chair Berit Reiss-Andersen recalled that ""twelve Peace Prizes have been awarded, in whole or in part,"" to honor ""efforts against the proliferation of nuclear weapons and for nuclear disarmament,"" and included 2009 Nobelist Barack Obama. 2017 Nobel Peace Prize The 2017 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) ""for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition on"
"There have been a number of calls for Obama to either return the award or to have the Nobel Committee recall it, most recently in 2013. In April 2013 a petition was begun asking the Nobel Committee to rescind the Peace Prize. The petition garnered 10,000 signatures in its first day and nearly 20,000 by the end of its first week. Nobel laureate and former U.S. Vice President Al Gore called the award ""extremely well deserved"". Obama received congratulations and kind words from other elected officials, such as from House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and former rival, Senator John McCain, who"
"of two Norwegian Nobel Committee members. Kissinger and Thọ were awarded the prize for negotiating a ceasefire between North Vietnam and the United States in January 1973. However, when the award was announced, both sides were still engaging in hostilities. Critics sympathetic to the North announced that Kissinger was not a peace-maker but the opposite, responsible for widening the war. Those hostile to the North and what they considered its deceptive practices during negotiations were deprived of a chance to criticise Lê Đức Thọ, as he declined the award. Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, and Yitzhak Rabin received the Peace Prize"
"chronological order) include John F. Kennedy, Pope John XXIII, Lyndon Johnson, Paul ""Bear"" Bryant, Thurgood Marshall, Cesar Chavez, Roberto Clemente, Jack Kemp, Harvey Milk, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, Elouise Cobell, Grace Hopper, Antonin Scalia, Elvis Presley and Babe Ruth. (Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, civil rights workers murdered in 1964, were awarded their medals in 2014, 50 years later.) The badge of the Presidential Medal of Freedom is in the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen gold stars on a blue enamel background (taken from"