"two occasions in 1569 during the Wars of Religion. At the French Revolution, the abbey was secularised as a ""bien national"", the last seven monks pensioned and its rich library dispersed. The Côle forms part of the commune's north-eastern border, then flows into the Dronne, which flows southwestward through the middle of the commune. Brantôme, Dordogne Brantôme (""Brantòsme"" in Occitan) is a former commune in the Dordogne department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Brantôme-en-Périgord. It is the seat of the canton of Brantôme. , an old pilgrimage route to Santiago de"
"of the black truffle includes various regions in Spain, France, and Italy. These are presumably the areas where the host plants found refuge during the last Ice Age. In these areas, the search for black truffles and their cultivation is a tradition going back more than 200 years. There are large areas of natural forests where truffles are still collected manually in a traditional way. For example, the county of Alto Maestrazgo (province of Castellón, Spain) has an ideal ground with suitable conditions for cultivating truffles. Albocàsser, Atzaneta, Culla, or Morella are just some of the villages in this region"
"production comes from southeast France: upper Provence (""départements"" of Vaucluse and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence), part of Dauphiné (""département"" of Drôme), and part of Languedoc (""département"" of Gard). 20% of the production comes from southwest France: Quercy (""département"" of Lot) and Périgord. The largest truffle market in France (and probably also in the world) is at Richerenches in Vaucluse. The largest truffle market in southwest France is at Lalbenque in Quercy. These markets are busiest in the month of January, when the black truffles have their highest perfume. Production has considerably diminished during the 20th century, dropping to around 20 metric tonnes per"
"location for a fictitious cult derived from the Knights Templar called the Brotherhood of the Black Diamond. Richerenches Richerenches (""Richarencha"" in Occitan) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. The village is famous for its truffle market as well as for its ""messe aux truffes"" in the church located in the village center. Donations are this time not given in money but in 'truffes'. After the service the traditionally dressed brotherhoods of the ""rabassiers"" (the people who search for truffles in the ground with trained dogs or pigs) take the donated truffles"
"Tuber melanosporum Tuber melanosporum, called the black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is one of the most expensive edible mushrooms in the world. Italian naturalist Carlo Vittadini described the black truffle in 1831. The round, dark brown fruiting bodies (ascocarps) have a black-brown skin with small pyramidal cusps. They have a strong, aromatic smell and normally reach a size of up to . Some may be significantly larger, such as a black truffle found 2012 in Dordogne with a mass of . Their flesh is initially white, then"
"such as ""confit de canard"" and ""foie gras"". It is known as a centre for truffles in France. Périgourdine wines include Bergerac (red and white) and Monbazillac. Périgord surrounds and is named after the ""préfecture"" (capital) of the Dordogne, Périgueux, and also includes Bergerac in the south and Sarlat in the east. There are Roman ruins in Périgueux which have been restored and the whole area is known as the 'cradle of mankind' due to its wealth of prehistoric sites, of which the most famous prehistoric site is the painted cave of Lascaux, whose depictions of aurochs, horses, deer and"
"an ancient attractant to truffle eaters, that are well-equipped with endocannabinoid-binding receptors. Tuber melanosporum Tuber melanosporum, called the black truffle, Périgord truffle or French black truffle, is a species of truffle native to Southern Europe. It is one of the most expensive edible mushrooms in the world. Italian naturalist Carlo Vittadini described the black truffle in 1831. The round, dark brown fruiting bodies (ascocarps) have a black-brown skin with small pyramidal cusps. They have a strong, aromatic smell and normally reach a size of up to . Some may be significantly larger, such as a black truffle found 2012 in"
"Carpentras Carpentras (; Provençal Occitan: Carpentràs in classical norm or ""Carpentras"" in Mistralian norm) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It stands on the banks of the Auzon. As capital of the Comtat Venaissin, it was frequently the residence of the Avignon popes; the Papal States retained possession of the Venaissin until the French Revolution. Nowadays, Carpentras is a commercial center for Comtat Venaissin and is famous for the black truffle markets held from winter to early spring. Carpentras was a commercial site used by Greek merchants in ancient times, and"
"Sarlat-la-Canéda Sarlat-la-Canéda ( ; ), or simply Sarlat, is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. The town of Sarlat is in a region known in France as the Périgord Noir (the Black Périgord, as opposed to the Green Périgord, the White Périgord, and the Purple Périgord). Sarlat is a medieval town that developed around a large Benedictine abbey of Carolingian origin. The medieval Sarlat Cathedral is dedicated to Saint Sacerdos. Because modern history has largely passed it by, Sarlat has remained preserved and one of the towns most representative of 14th century France. It owes"
"Villefranche-du-Périgord Villefranche-du-Périgord is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Villefranche du Périgord, a French bastide is located in Périgord Noir, some 20 km from the towns of Fumel and Belvès. It is in the Black Dordogne on the border of the Dordogne and the Lot and Lot-et-Garonne. The village is a centre for chestnuts and also cèpes in season. The main street boasts lovely small shops which avoid the need for supermarkets. Alphonse de Poitiers, Count of Toulouse and brother of St. Louis, founded the bastide in 1261. Villefranche du Perigord is therefore the oldest"
"are more than 1,500 castles in Dordogne, making it ""The Other Chateau Country"" including: The famous caves of Lascaux have been closed to the public, but a replica of Lascaux II is open to visitors and is a major tourist attraction. Périgueux has important Roman ruins, including an arena which is still visible inside a public park located near the town centre. Dordogne Dordogne ( , ; ; ) is a department in Southwestern France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. The department is located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees and is named after"
"have enhanced the reputation of the castle, also known as the ""Black Pearl"" of the Green Périgord for its distinctive black ridge tiles. Jumilhac-le-Grand Jumilhac-le-Grand is a commune in the Dordogne ""dėpartement"" in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south western France. The village lies on the road followed by Richard the Lionheart and on one of the many branches of the Camino de Santiago pilgrim route. Jumilhac-le-Grand is a village of some 1,200 inhabitants in the northern part of the Dordogne. It is within the Périgord-Limousin Regional Nature Park, a protected area with a rich heritage. The landscape is one of hills and"
"Champagne-Ardenne Champagne-Ardenne () is a former administrative region of France, located in the northeast of the country, bordering Belgium. Mostly corresponding to the historic province of Champagne, the region is known for its sparkling white wine of the same name. The administrative region was formed in 1956, consisting of the four departments Aube, Ardennes, Haute-Marne, and Marne. On 1 January 2016, it merged with the neighboring regions of Alsace and Lorraine to form the new region Grand Est, thereby ceasing to exist as an independent entity. Its rivers, most of which flow west, include the Seine, the Marne, and the"
"Truffade Truffade is a rural dish traditionally associated with Auvergne in France. It is a sort of thick pancake made with thinly sliced potatoes that are slowly cooked in goose fat until tender, then mixed with thin strips of tome fraiche (which is very different from actual tomme cheese: the recipe will fail if tomme cheese is used, since that melts in a very different way). This mixture is stirred until it sticks together in a sort of thick pastry, which is sometimes decorated with fresh parsley and may be served with a simple green salad. Sometimes the truffade is"
"red, with a pH of 7.6–7.8. The fungus has been recorded only from Croatia. Tuber donnagotto Tuber donnagotto is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. Described as a new species in 2012, it is found in Croatia. The black truffle measures in diameter. ""Tuber donnagotto"" was found several times in late 2010 and early 2011 by the authors Romano Božac, Ivan Širić, and Ivica Kos. The specific epithet ""donnagotto"" refers to the names of the Lagotto Romagnolo dogs (""Donna"" and ""Gotta"") that found the truffles. The fruit bodies are black, roughly spherical, and measure in diameter. The exterior"
"referred to as lakes), the majority of which are man-made and were created during the Middle Ages. The regions to the south of Lyon produce fruits, vegetables and wines in the Vallée du Rhône (En: Rhône Valley). In the Ardèche, a department in south-central France named after the Ardèche River, farmers continue to develop the cultivation of chestnuts, which are a key ingredient in the traditional French Christmas dish, turkey with chestnuts. The Dauphiné region, which is known for its pork products and cheeses such as the ""Saint-Felicien"" or the ""Saint-Marcellin"", is also located to the south of Lyon as"
"La Tremblade La Tremblade is a commune in the Charente-Maritime department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in south-western France. The name of the town probably derives from the presence of aspen trees (French: ""tremblers"") in the forests of the region during the Middle Ages ""Perfumed by the smell of resin, the forest is in spring all fragrant with the scent of broom and gorse whose bright yellow form with green trees a symphony of colors. What a charming hiking, tasting long solitary walks than winning Ronce-les-Bains by La Coubre forest"", Louis Desgraves, ""Saintonge"". La Tremblade consists of 78% forest and semi-natural areas"
"market. In July, the ""Foire à la Laine"" (Wool Fair) is held underneath the market hall, with competitions for the best fleeces. There is a museum containing items from Puy d'Issolud, a local Gallic archaeological site which has been identified as Uxellodunum, besieged by Julius Caesar in 51 BC. Martel, Lot Martel is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France. It is a small medieval town in a region well known for its walnuts and truffles. The name of the town means ""hammer"", and three of these are to be seen on the town's coat of arms. Charles"
"stretches from the town to the border with Liguria. The area is known for the variety and of its products and for the intensive wine production, including Barbera, Dolcetto, Moscato and Timorasso, the autochthonous wine of the region which traces its origin back to the 14th century. Truffles are another important fruit of this land and the Colli Tortonesi is the only place in Piedmont to have three varieties of truffle: White truffle, Black Truffle and scorzone. People born in Tortona, or with close links to the town, include: <BR> Tortona Tortona (; , ) is a ""comune"" of Piemonte,"
"Langhe The Langhe (; ""Langa"" is from old dialect Mons Langa et Bassa Langa) is a hilly area to the south and east of the river Tanaro in the province of Cuneo in Piedmont, northern Italy. It is famous for its wines, cheeses, and truffles—particularly the white truffles of Alba. The countryside as it was in the first half of the 20th century features prominently in the writings of Beppe Fenoglio and Cesare Pavese, who was born there, in Santo Stefano Belbo. On 22 June 2014, a part of the Langhe was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage list for its"
"where you can find black truffles in large amounts. Nevertheless, this form of recollection is increasingly affected by climate change and since the years 2010 there has been a significant drop in productivity in naturally producing forests. In exchange, cultivated areas are increasingly popular and in central Spain, several thousands of hectares (the Mecca of the black truffle being in Soria, Teruel province in the Aragon region). Some experiments have also been conducted in burnt areas, with promising results, as legally there is no need to ask for a land-use change when planting truffles, as it can be considered (EU-28)"
"Martel, Lot Martel is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France. It is a small medieval town in a region well known for its walnuts and truffles. The name of the town means ""hammer"", and three of these are to be seen on the town's coat of arms. Charles Martel, who earned the nickname ""hammer"" after his victory in the Battle of Tours in 732, is said to have founded the town. Henry the Young King died here in 1183. In 1219, the town received its charter and was a fiefdom of the Viscounts of Turenne. Martel is"
"Tanche The Tanche, probably the best known French olive cultivar, is grown primarily in the Drôme and Vaucluse regions of southern France. It is often referred to as ""a perle noire"", the ""Black Pearl of Provence"". The Tanche is said to have been introduced to France by the Greeks of Massilia, around the fourth century BC. The Tanche is grown mostly in Drôme and northern Vaucluse regions of southern France. Attempts to grow this variety outside of its native region are rarely successful. Since the cultivar is largely local in scope, it also has few synonyms. The olives grown in"
"Richerenches Richerenches (""Richarencha"" in Occitan) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. The village is famous for its truffle market as well as for its ""messe aux truffes"" in the church located in the village center. Donations are this time not given in money but in 'truffes'. After the service the traditionally dressed brotherhoods of the ""rabassiers"" (the people who search for truffles in the ground with trained dogs or pigs) take the donated truffles to a small square in front of the ""Hôtel de Ville"", where they are auctioned. The revenues"
"department is known for the speciality of Sweet Chestnuts, with the famous ""châtaigne d'Ardèche"" granted the appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) in 2006. Ardèche Ardèche (; Occitan and Arpitan: ""Ardecha"") is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeast France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 320,379 as of 2013. Its largest cities are Aubenas, Annonay, Guilherand-Granges, Tournon-sur-Rhône and Privas (prefecture). The area has been inhabited by humans at least since the Upper Paleolithic, as attested by the famous cave paintings at Chauvet Pont d'Arc. The plateau of the Ardèche river has extensive standing stones"
"Armagnac was traded on the markets of Saint-Sever, Mont-de-Marsan, and Aire-sur-l'Adour. Subsequently, Dutch merchants began promoting the trade more widely. The traditional French gourmet dish ortolan has traditionally been prepared by force-feeding an ortolan bunting before drowning it in Armagnac and roasting it. The dish is now legally prohibited due to laws protecting the bird. The Armagnac region lies between the Adour and Garonne rivers in the foothills of the Pyrenees. The region was granted AOC status in 1936. The official production area is divided into three districts that lie in the ""departements"" of Gers, Landes, and Lot-et-Garonne. The region"
"Plazac Plazac is a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. There are at least 20 nationalities represented among the villagers, and there is a lively social scene. A typical dinner will last for at least five hours and draw heavily on the products from the nearby Bordeaux wine region, as well as the local game, truffles, cepes (wild mushrooms) and foie gras. Plazacians, if there is such a word, believe that duck fat is the safest possible cooking oil, and is in fact very good for your cholesterol. Everyone seems to be living to a ripe"
"as forest land. Black truffles are now also cultivated in Australia, New Zealand, Chile, North America, South Africa, and Wales. Cultivation involves the planting of, for example, hazel trees whose roots are inoculated with truffle mycelium. The first fruiting bodies can be harvested about four to ten years after planting the trees. France accounts for some 45% of the world production of black truffles, Spain for 35% and Italy for 20%. Smaller amounts are produced in Slovenia, Croatia, and the Australian states of Tasmania and Western Australia. In 2005, black truffles were found in Serbia. About 80% of the French"
"year, with peaks at around 46 tonnes in the best years. By comparison, in 1937, France produced around 1,000 metric tonnes of black truffles. The following table shows the production in the EU of Tuber melanosporum in Spain, France and Italy. Production data is in metric tons, and country weights in percentage, and comes from the Groupe Européen Truffe et Trufficulture, an association of the main producers in Europe. As the data shows, France has been the main producer of black truffles in the last decade and a half, but is rapidly challenged by Spain, where regions have made use"
"century. The consequences were a gradual decline in activity and demographic change. Currently, a second breath of air has been brought to the region through the development of green tourism. Arfeuilles Arfeuilles (Occitan ""Arfuelha"") is a French commune in the Allier department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of central France. The inhabitants of the commune are known as ""Arfeuillats"" or ""Arfeuillates"". The commune has been awarded one flower by the ""National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom"" in the ""Competition of cities and villages in Bloom"". Arfeuilles is located in the foothills of the Madeleine mountains some east of Vichy"
"and the winter truffle (""Tuber brumale""), whose flesh is of a lighter color. Black truffles grow at a depth of to as ectomycorrhizae, preferably in loose calcareous soil, close to the roots of their plant symbionts. These include holm oaks, French oaks, hazel, cherry and other deciduous trees. The symbiosis of holm oak saplings and black truffles has been shown to improve photosynthesis and root growth in the plant. Black truffles suppress the growth of plants around their symbiont, creating the impression of a burnt (""brûlé"") area around it. They do so by parasitizing the roots of other plants, which"
"every Wednesday and Saturday featuring local products and handicrafts. Aups Aups (; Provençal in the classical norm, ""Aup"" in the Mistralian norm, ) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Located in Provence at 500m alt, Aups is in the first foothills of the Alps. The town is at the gates of Verdon River, at 60 km from the sea and 80 km from the snow stations.Aups is named ""Capital of Haut-Var"" and ""Capital of the truffle"" and was made a part of the ""Parc naturel régional du Verdon"" in 2000. Its"
"of the EU-funded Rural Development Programme (EARFD funding) to subsidise cultivated plantations. This is particularly visible in the Teruel province of the Aragón region where the black truffle represents the first and main economic activity (in GDP and employment). Especially since 2010-2011 when many plantations done under the last Rural Development Programme 2000-2006 came into production phase. With a price of about 1,000 to 2,000 euros per kilogram, black truffles are the second most expensive truffles after white truffles, and one of the most sought after edible mushrooms in the world. In cooking, black truffles are used to refine the"