"Theology of Søren Kierkegaard Søren Kierkegaard's theology has been a major influence in the development of 20th century theology. Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a 19th-century Danish philosopher who has been generally considered the ""Father of Existentialism"". During his later years (1848–1855), most of his writings shifted from philosophical in nature to religious. Kierkegaard's theology focuses on the single individual in relation to a known God based on a subjective truth. Many of his writings were a directed assault against all of Christendom, Christianity as a political and social entity. His target was the Danish State Church, which represented Christendom in"
"Influence and reception of Søren Kierkegaard Søren Kierkegaard's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. Kierkegaard's reputation as a philosopher was first established in his native Denmark with his work ""Either/Or"". Henriette Wulff, in a letter to Hans Christian Andersen, wrote, """"Recently a book was published here with the title ""Either/Or""! It is supposed to be quite strange, the first part full of Don Juanism, skepticism, et cetera, and the second part toned down and conciliating,"
"Schulz referred to them as ""repeatedly revised, highly idiosyncratic, and at times breathtakingly free renditions of the Kierkegaardian texts"". Schrempf also spread a view of Kierkegaard significantly out-of-step from the mainstream, interpreting Kierekgaard's ""subjectivity as truth"" as a justification for his own religious disbelief. Influence and reception of Søren Kierkegaard Søren Kierkegaard's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. Kierkegaard's reputation as a philosopher was first established in his native Denmark with his work ""Either/Or"". Henriette"
"and other major European languages. By the mid-20th century, his thought exerted a substantial influence on philosophy, theology, and Western culture. Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen. His mother, Ane Sørensdatter Lund Kierkegaard, had served as a maid in the household before marrying his father, Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard. She was an unassuming figure: quiet, plain, and not formally educated, but Henriette Lund, her granddaughter, wrote that she ""wielded the sceptre with joy and protected [Søren and Peter] like a hen protecting her chicks"". She also wielded influence on her children so that later Peter said that his"
"Denmark. Christendom, in Kierkegaard's view, made individuals lazy in their religion. Many of the citizens were officially ""Christians"", without having any idea of what it meant to be a Christian. Kierkegaard attempted to awaken Christians to the need for unconditional religious commitment. However he was also against party spirit in religion as well as other areas of study and system building. Søren Kierkegaard was born to a Lutheran Protestant family. His father, Michael Pederson Kierkegaard, was a Lutheran Pietist, but questioned how God could let him suffer so much. One day, he climbed a mountain and cursed God. For this"
"philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) spread far beyond Denmark, influencing not only his own era, but proving instrumental in the development of new philosophical systems after him. The sculptures of Thorvaldsen (1770–1834) grace public buildings all over Denmark and other artists appreciated and copied his style. Grundtvig (1783–1872) tried to reinvigorate the Danish National Church and contributed to the hymns used by the church in Denmark. The Danish liberal and national movements gained momentum in the 1830s, and after the European revolutions of 1848 Denmark became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. The growing bourgeoisie had demanded a share in"
"theologian Søren Kierkegaard. With his wife he moved to Sweden where he has remained ever since. In 1987 he became a pastor with the Swedish Lutheran church. He has a theology degree and wrote his Ph.D. thesis on Kierkegaard. Dr. Harris has for many years been arranging Taizé music and worship services and was the man who introduced this form of church service in Sweden According to Sweden's largest newspaper, the introduction of Taizé worship service by Pastor Harris, has attracted many young Swedish people who might not have been interested in organized religion. Pastor Harris is a member of"
"Peter Kierkegaard Peter Christian Kierkegaard (6 July 1805 – 24 February 1888), was a Danish theologian, politician and Lutheran bishop of Aalborg from 1857 until 1875, and brother of Søren Kierkegaard. As a theologian of the official church, he had on several occasions criticized his brother's works, notably at the Roskilde Ecclesiastical Conventions in 1849 and 1855. However, he delivered the eulogy for his brother at the Church of Our Lady. Peter Kierkegaard married Elise Marie Boisen in 1836, who died childless in the following year. He later married Sophie Henriette (""Jette"") Glahn in 1841. They had one child, Pascal"
"at the head of the present article is but little known to the English-speaking world. The Norwegians, Ibsen and Bjørnson, have exerted a very real power on our intellectual life, and for Bjørnson we have cherished even a kind of affection. But Kierkegaard, the writer who holds the indispensable key to the intellectual life of Scandinavia, to whom Denmark in particular looks up as her most original man of genius in the nineteenth century, we have wholly overlooked."" Robertson wrote previously in (1898) about Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Theodor Haecker wrote an essay titled, ""Kierkegaard and the Philosophy of Inwardness"" in"
"Their works conflicted with the predominant ideologies of their time and committed to the exploration of reality as it can be experienced in a passionate and personal manner. Soren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) protested vehemently against popular misunderstanding and abuse of Christian dogma and the so-called 'objectivity' of science (Kierkegaard, 1841, 1844). He thought that both were ways of avoiding the anxiety inherent in human existence. He had great contempt for the way life was lived by those around him and believed truth could only be discovered subjectively by the individual in action. He felt people lacked the courage to take a"
"volume. Scholars relate most of Kierkegaard's work to his relationship to his father, Regine Olsen, the Corsair affair, or his attack upon the church; all deal with his outer being. Kierkegaard was a Lutheran and his stance was the same as that of Martin Luther's five solas. Hegel thought differently about faith, he says, “The One Spirit is in fact the substantial foundation; this is the spirit of a people, as it takes a definite shape in the individual periods of the history of the world. it is the national spirit. This constitutes the substantial foundation in the individual; each"
"Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) often referred to Matthew 6:26. For him the birds of the air and the lilies of the field represented instructors in ""religious joy"", an appreciation that ""there is a today"". For him learning joy was to learn to let go of tomorrow, not in the sense of failing to plan or provide, but in giving one's attention to the tasks of today without knowing what they will have meant. Worldly worry always seeks to lead a human being into the small-minded unrest of comparisons, away from the lofty calmness of simple thoughts. ... Should not the invitation"
"of energy, and the contributions to atomic physics of Niels Bohr (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55), the short stories of Karen Blixen (penname Isak Dinesen), (1885–1962), the plays of Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of Piet Hein (1905–96), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of Carl Nielsen (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with Dogme 95 like those of Lars von Trier. A major feature of Danish culture is Jul"
"Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including Harald Høffding, who later in his life moved on to join the movement of positivism. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include Jean-Paul Sartre who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and Rollo May, who helped create humanistic psychology. Another Danish philosopher of note is Grundtvig, whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works. While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century church frescos, which can"
"Regine Olsen Regine Schlegel (née Olsen; January 23, 1822 – March 18, 1904) was a Danish woman who was engaged to the philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard from September 1840 to October 1841. Olsen's relationship with Kierkegaard exerted a crucial influence over his intellectual development, philosophy and theology, and the legacy of their engagement figures prominently in his writings. Olsen was born on January 23, 1822, in Frederiksberg, a district of Copenhagen, Denmark. She first met Kierkegaard on a spring day in 1837 when she was 15 and he 24. Olsen later recalled that upon this first meeting Kierkegaard had"
"in the clergy and theological circles. After his death, his original manuscripts were bequeathed by his one-time fiancée, Regine Olsen for posterity. She later donated most of his writings to the Danish Royal Library where they continue to be stored. Kierkegaard's thought gained a wider audience with the translation of his works into German, French, and English. Many 20th-century philosophers, both theistic and atheistic, drew concepts from Kierkegaard, including the notions of angst, despair, and the importance of the individual. His fame as a philosopher grew tremendously in the 1930s, in large part because the ascendant existentialist movement pointed to"
"Improvisatore"" (1835), a series of poems, and his autobiography ""The Fairy Tale of My Life"" (1855). Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was an existentialist philosopher and a theologian. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives, focusing on the priority of concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. His principal aesthetic works include Either/Or (""Enten-Eller"") (1843), Philosophical Fragments (""Philosophiske Smuler"") (1844), Stages on Life's Way (""Stadier paa Livets Vei"") (1845) and Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments (""Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift"") (1846). Opposing Hegelian philosophy, they promote the existential approach"
"Either/Or Either/Or (Danish: ""Enten – Eller"") is the first published work of the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. Appearing in two volumes in 1843 under the pseudonymous editorship of ""Victor Eremita"" (Latin for ""victorious hermit""), it outlines a theory of human existence, marked by the distinction between an essentially hedonistic, aesthetic mode of life and the ethical life, which is predicated upon commitment. ""Either/Or"" portrays two life views. Each life view is written and represented by a fictional pseudonymous author, with the prose of the work reflecting and depending on the life view being discussed. For example, the aesthetic life view"
"a member of the Moltke II Cabinet. Died 28 March 1877. He was a member of the National Constitutional Assembly from 1848 to 1849, of the Folketing from 1849 to 1853 and of the Landsting from 1853 to 1863. Henrik Nicolai Clausen Henrik Nicolai Clausen (22 April 1793 – 28 March 1877) was a Danish theologian and national liberal statesman. Henrik Nicolai Clausen was born in the island of Lolland. From 1820 held a professorial chair in Theology at the University of Copenhagen where his theological rationalism influenced Magnús Eiríksson and was one of Kierkegaard's instructors. He wrote, besides other"
"Double-mindedness Double-mindedness has been preached about in all churches since the time of Christ and the term was used in the Bible by the Apostle James. Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) developed his own systematic way to try to detect double-mindedness in himself. Kierkegaard asked himself: Do I want to be a Christian or not? Do I want to be a preacher or not? Do I want to be a teacher or not? Do I want to get married or not? All these questions have to do with the future. Many were willing to give him advice but he felt"
"Kierkegaard offered an avenue of hope for those who have anxiety and human nervousness near the end of this little book. The Concept of Anxiety The Concept of Anxiety (): ""A Simple Psychologically Orienting Deliberation on the Dogmatic Issue of Hereditary Sin"", is a philosophical work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844. The original 1944 English translation by Walter Lowrie (now out of print), had the title The Concept of Dread. ""The Concept of Anxiety"" was dedicated ""to the late professor Poul Martin Møller"". He used the pseudonym Vigilius Haufniensis (which, according to Kierkegaard scholar Josiah Thompson, is"
"is an elaborate parody of the often bafflingly cryptic philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Hegel; however, some scholars, such as Gregor Malantschuk, have suggested otherwise (""Armed Neutrality and An Open Letter"", Simon and Schuster, 1969, pp. 65–6 and n. 7 on pp. 165–6). The Sickness Unto Death The Sickness Unto Death () is a book written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1849 under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus. A work of Christian existentialism, the book is about Kierkegaard's concept of despair, which he equates with the Christian concept of sin, particularly original sin. Anti-Climacus introduces the book with a reference to Gospel"
"of in the tongue of one of the smallest countries in the world."" Austrian psychologist Wilhelm Stekel (1868–1940) referred to Kierkegaard as the ""fanatical follower of Don Juan, himself the philosopher of Don Juanism"" in his book ""Disguises of Love"". German psychiatrist and philosopher Karl Jaspers (1883–1969) stated he had been reading Kierkegaard since 1914 and compared Kierkegaard's writings with Friedrich Hegel's ""Phenomenology of Mind"" and the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche. Jaspers saw Kierkegaard as a champion of Christianity and Nietzsche as a champion for atheism. Later, in 1935, Karl Jaspers emphasized Kierkegaard's (and Nietzsche's) continuing importance for modern philosophy"
"to date is Joakim Garff's ""Regines gåde: Historien om Kierkegaards forlovede og Schlegels hustru"" (""Regine's Riddle: The Story of Kierkegaard's Fiancee and Schlegel's Wife"") (Copenhagen: Gads, 2013), subsequently translated as ""Kierkegaard's Muse: The Mystery of Regine Olsen"" (trans. Alastair Hannay, Princeton University Press, 2017). Regine Olsen Regine Schlegel (née Olsen; January 23, 1822 – March 18, 1904) was a Danish woman who was engaged to the philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard from September 1840 to October 1841. Olsen's relationship with Kierkegaard exerted a crucial influence over his intellectual development, philosophy and theology, and the legacy of their engagement figures prominently"
"the decision was ultimately his own. Individuals fear making a decision because of external opposition but this need not stop one from making a decision so long as one has the capacity to learn through experience whether the decision was a good decision for one's self. David F. Swenson was born in Sweden October 29, 1876 and his family moved to America in 1882. He became a professor of philosophy at the University of Minnesota in 1917 and was very interested in the writings of Søren Kierkegaard. He ended up translating many of his books into English. At the time,"
"Kierkegaard. It is not a biography, rather a book about Kierkegaard in Copenhagen and the rest of Denmark. The book is a result of Cain's Kierkegaard pilgrimage in 1984. David Cain himself calls his book a ""coffee-table Kierkegaard"" and it offers a contemporary view of Kierkegaard's Copenhagen. David Cain (professor) David William Cain (born November 5, 1941) is a professor emeritus of religion at the University of Mary Washington and past president of the Søren Kierkegaard Society of North America. He has chaired plenary sessions on and authored books about Søren Kierkegaard. He lectures in Christian theology and has edited,"
"to become subjective, to become a subject."" While scientists can learn about the world by observation, Kierkegaard emphatically denied that observation could reveal the inner workings of the world of the spirit. Some of Kierkegaard's key ideas include the concept of ""subjective and objective truths"", the knight of faith, the recollection and repetition dichotomy, angst, the infinite qualitative distinction, faith as a passion, and the three stages on life's way. Kierkegaard wrote in Danish and the reception of his work was initially limited to Scandinavia, but by the turn of the 20th century his writings were translated into French, German,"
"The Concept of Anxiety The Concept of Anxiety (): ""A Simple Psychologically Orienting Deliberation on the Dogmatic Issue of Hereditary Sin"", is a philosophical work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844. The original 1944 English translation by Walter Lowrie (now out of print), had the title The Concept of Dread. ""The Concept of Anxiety"" was dedicated ""to the late professor Poul Martin Møller"". He used the pseudonym Vigilius Haufniensis (which, according to Kierkegaard scholar Josiah Thompson, is the Latin transcription for ""the Watchman"" of Copenhagen) for ""The Concept of Anxiety"". All of Kierkegaard's books have either a preface,"
"N. F. S. Grundtvig Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig (; 8 September 1783 – 2 September 1872), most often referred to as N. F. S. Grundtvig, was a Danish pastor, author, poet, philosopher, historian, teacher and politician. He was one of the most influential people in Danish history, as his philosophy gave rise to a new form of nationalism in the last half of the 19th century. It was steeped in the national literature and supported by deep spirituality. Grundtvig holds a unique position in the cultural history of his country. Grundtvig and his followers are credited with being very influential"
"""petty"" politics...a dead-end street."" Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy is a criticism and vehement rejection of Christian nationalism. The charge of being 'anti-national' is common in India. Like in the West, there has been a revival of nationalist sentiment in 21st century India. This takes the form of non-sectarian Indian nationalism and also exclusionary Hindu nationalism. According to G. Sampath in ""The Hindu"", Adivasis in central India, Dalit students, Left intellectuals, human rights activists, a certain religious minority [Islam], anti-nuclear activists, beef eaters, non-haters of Pakistan, inter-religious couples, homosexuals, and labour activists have all been labelled 'anti-national'. Anti-nationalism Anti-nationalism denotes the sentiments"
"Philosophical Fragments Philosophical Fragments (Danish title: ) is a Christian philosophical work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844. It was the second of three works written under the pseudonym ""Johannes Climacus""; the other two were ""De omnibus dubitandum est"" in 1841 and ""Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments"" in 1846. Kierkegaardian scholars D. Anthony Storm and Walter Lowrie believe Kierkegaard could be referring to Johannes Climacus, a 7th-century Christian monk, who believed that an individual is converted to Christianity by way of a ladder, one rung (virtue) at a time. Kierkegaard believes the individual comes to an understanding"
"Poul Martin Møller Poul Martin Møller (21 March 1794 – 13 March 1838) was a Danish academic, writer, and poet. During his lifetime, he gained renown in Denmark for his poetry. After his death, his posthumously published fiction and philosophical writings were well received. He also devoted several decades of study to classical languages and literature. While serving as a professor at the University of Copenhagen, he was a mentor to the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard. Møller was born near Vejle and raised on the island of Lolland, where his father served as a pastor. As a young man, his father"
"was born on June 18. Then on July 7 at midnight he wrote about Regine. There is a genealogy of his family on the internet. He used dates in his discourses also. The preface for this, his last discourses published in this two-year period, was dated August 9, 1844, the date of or after the death of his father, Mikael Pedersen Kierkegaard, (August 9, 1838). It could be possible that these ""Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses"" was his way of getting over the loss of his father and his mother, Ane Sørensdatter Lund Kierkegaard, and brothers and sisters too. Soren lost all"