"fishery. The Pigeon is also a designated Natural River with special regulations regarding development along its banks. The Pigeon River was named for the huge flocks of passenger pigeons that nested in and migrated through the area, before the species became extinct, primarily due to over-hunting. There is one dam on the Pigeon located approximately one mile upstream from Sturgeon Valley Road. The original dam was an earth and log structure constructed by a private hunting and fishing club in the early to mid 20th century to create a pond called the Lansing Club pond. This dam failed in the"
"Norfolk pigeon The Norfolk pigeon or Norfolk Island pigeon (""Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea""), sometimes called a wood quest, was a subspecies of the New Zealand pigeon that inhabited Norfolk Island. It became extinct around the turn of the 20th century. The abundance of the Norfolk pigeon at the time of the island's settlement is unknown. Early records indicate the presence of the bird, but do not contain any information on its numbers. Based on the behaviour of the other subspecies, it is likely that the bird relied upon fruiting plants for food. The extinction of the Norfolk pigeon was caused by"
"of the species was abrupt; in 1871, a breeding colony was estimated to contain over a hundred million birds, yet the last individual in the species was dead by 1914. Although habitat loss was a contributing factor, the species is thought to have been massively over-hunted, being used as food for slaves and, later, the poor, in the United States throughout the 19thcentury. The dodo, and its extinction, was more typical of the extinctions of pigeons in the past. Like many species that colonise remote islands with few predators, it lost much of its predator avoidance behaviour, along with its"
"Though there are still large woodland areas in eastern North America, which support a variety of wildlife, it was not enough to support the vast number of passenger pigeons needed to sustain the population. In contrast, very small populations of nearly extinct birds, such as the kakapo (""Strigops habroptilus"") and the takahe (""Porphyrio hochstetteri""), have been enough to keep those species extant to the present. The combined effects of intense hunting and deforestation has been referred to as a ""Blitzkrieg"" against the passenger pigeon, and it has been labeled one of the greatest and most senseless human-induced extinctions in history."
"depleted populations of large birds through the 19th century. Several species were exterminated, and the threatened loss of others caused popular legislation effectively prohibiting market hunting. At the time of European discovery, migratory flocks a mile wide and hundreds of miles long contained billions of passenger pigeons flying so closely together that they darkened the sky for hours as they passed overhead; the weight of roosting pigeons would break trees up to in diameter. Michigan market hunters killed 25,000 pigeons daily for a month in 1874 before the flocks disappeared at the end of the century. Market hunters then turned"
"known to humanity in the early nineteenth century, when the bird's population was estimated at about five billion. By the early 20th century, due to overhunting and habitat destruction brought about by the timber industry, the species had become extinct, the last passenger pigeon having died in the Cincinnati Zoo. The passenger pigeon became extinct in under a century and was just one of the many victims of the myth of superabundance. Likewise, the American buffalo was threatened by the myth of superabundance. They were considered to be the largest and most valuable resource because just about every piece of"
"unnoticed due to the apparent vast number of birds, which clouded their decline. In 1856 Bénédict Henry Révoil may have been one of the first writers to voice concern about the fate of the passenger pigeon, after witnessing a hunt in 1847: By the 1870s, the decrease in birds was noticeable, especially after the last large-scale nestings and subsequent slaughters of millions of birds in 1874 and 1878. By this time, large nestings only took place in the north, around the Great Lakes. The last large nesting was in Petoskey, Michigan, in 1878 (following one in Pennsylvania a few days"
"the 1870s, a combination of increased population and economic scarcity led to over-hunting and eventual extinction. The massive flocks of passenger pigeons stopped darkening the skies of Northern Michigan, especially after the last large scale nestings and subsequent slaughters of millions of birds in 1874 and 1878. By this time, large nestings only took place in the north, around the Great Lakes. The last large nesting was in Petoskey, Michigan, in 1878 (following one in Pennsylvania a few days earlier), where 50,000 birds were killed each day for nearly five months. The surviving adults attempted a second nesting at new"
"1901. Direct hunting by humans was probably the dominant cause of extinction. The first description of the species was given by John Latham, in his 1801 work ""Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici"". Twenty specimens of the Norfolk Pigeon are known. Three of these are in the Natural History Museum, Leiden. The Government of Norfolk Island released a stamp commemorating the bird on February 24, 1971. Norfolk pigeon The Norfolk pigeon or Norfolk Island pigeon (""Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea""), sometimes called a wood quest, was a subspecies of the New Zealand pigeon that inhabited Norfolk Island. It became extinct around the turn of the"
"succumbed to extinction. Among the ten species to have become extinct since 1600 (the conventional date for estimating modern extinctions) are two of the most famous extinct species, the dodo and the passenger pigeon. The passenger pigeon was exceptional for a number of reasons. In modern times, it is the only pigeon species that was not an island species to have become extinct even though it was once the most numerous species of bird on Earth. Its former numbers are difficult to estimate, but one ornithologist, Alexander Wilson, estimated one flock he observed contained over two billion birds. The decline"
"Laurel pigeon The laurel pigeon or white-tailed laurel pigeon (""Paloma rabiche"") (""Columba junoniae"") is a species of bird in the Columba genus in the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). It is endemic to the Canary Islands, Spain, and resides in laurel forest habitat. It is the animal symbol of the island of La Gomera. It is a pigeon which is endemic to some Canary islands. Its close relative and probable ancestor is the common wood pigeon. Despite its bulky, long-tailed appearance, this pigeon has a fast, direct flight. The major cause of its population decline is habitat loss from forest"
"the Lord Howe pigeon was soon extinct. The species was driven to extinction in the mid-19th century. Hunting by humans is believed to be the likely cause of extinction. The last recorded sighting of the bird took place in 1853. No specimens were collected before extinction. The species was described by Gregory Mathews in 1915, using Raper's painting as a guide. At the time, he named it ""Raperia godmanae"", but it was eventually reclassified as a subspecies of ""Columba vitiensis"". Lord Howe pigeon The Lord Howe pigeon (sometimes white-throated pigeon), ""Columba vitiensis godmanae"", was a subspecies of the metallic pigeon"
"size and coloration. The male was in length, mainly gray on the upperparts, lighter on the underparts, with iridescent bronze feathers on the neck, and black spots on the wings. The female was , and was duller and browner than the male overall. The juvenile was similar to the female, but without iridescence. It mainly inhabited the deciduous forests of eastern North America and was also recorded elsewhere, but bred primarily around the Great Lakes. The pigeon migrated in enormous flocks, constantly searching for food, shelter, and breeding grounds, and was once the most abundant bird in North America, numbering"
"habitats, and because conservation efforts might be viewed as less urgent. In the case of the passenger pigeon, since it was very social, it is unlikely that enough birds could be created for revival to be successful, and it is unclear whether there is enough appropriate habitat left for its reintroduction. Furthermore, the parent pigeons that would raise the cloned passenger pigeons would belong to a different species, with a different way of rearing young. Passenger pigeon The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (""Ectopistes migratorius"") is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name"
"extinct. As several ornithologists had visited Choiseul and the nearby islands prior to Meek without noting any sign of the bird's existence, it is likely that the Choiseul pigeon was already close to extinction in 1904. Choiseul pigeon The Choiseul pigeon (""Microgoura meeki"") is an extinct species of bird in the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It was endemic to the island of Choiseul in the Solomon Islands, although there are unsubstantiated reports that it may once have lived on several nearby islands. The last confirmed sighting was in 1904. Other common names were Solomons crested pigeon, Solomon Islands crowned-pigeon"
"to a certain extent but there are several groups that oppose logging in the United States. Groups such as EarthRoots.org state that logging in the United States and specifically in industrial areas has led to deforestation and near extinction of many animals. Forest cover in the Eastern United States reached its lowest point in roughly 1872 with about 48 percent compared to the amount of forest cover in 1620. Of the 28 forest bird species with habitat exclusively in that forest, Pimm claims four become extinct either wholly or mostly because of habitat loss, the passenger pigeon, Carolina parakeet, ivory-billed"
"extension, the dodo. The pigeon became extinct following human colonisation of Henderson, an event that had occurred by 1050 CE. Two of the other three species of pigeon on the island also disappeared, as did other birds. Henderson archaic pigeon The Henderson archaic pigeon (""Bountyphaps obsoleta""), or Henderson Island archaic pigeon, is an extinct bird in the Columbidae, or pigeon family. It was described in 2008 as a new genus and species from subfossil remains found on Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Group of south-eastern Polynesia. The genus was named for both the ship HMS ""Bounty"" with which, following the"
"disappeared after the first wave of European settlement. Labrador duck The Labrador duck (""Camptorhynchus labradorius"") was a North American bird; it has the distinction of being the first endemic North American bird species to become extinct after the Columbian Exchange, with the last known sighting occurring in 1878 in Elmira, New York. It was already a rare duck before European settlers arrived, and as a result of its rarity information on the Labrador duck is not abundant, although some, such as its habitat, characteristics, dietary habits and reasons behind its extinction, are known. There are 55 specimens of the Labrador"
"Mourning dove The mourning dove (""Zenaida macroura"") is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove or the rain dove, and erroneously as the turtle dove, and was once known as the Carolina pigeon or Carolina turtledove. It is one of the most abundant and widespread of all North American birds. It is also a leading gamebird, with more than 20 million birds (up to 70 million in some years) shot annually in the U.S., both for sport and for meat. Its ability to sustain its population under such pressure is"
"Choiseul pigeon The Choiseul pigeon (""Microgoura meeki"") is an extinct species of bird in the pigeon and dove family, Columbidae. It was endemic to the island of Choiseul in the Solomon Islands, although there are unsubstantiated reports that it may once have lived on several nearby islands. The last confirmed sighting was in 1904. Other common names were Solomons crested pigeon, Solomon Islands crowned-pigeon and Kuvojo. The Choiseul pigeon was monotypic within the genus Microgoura and had no known subspecies. Its closest living relative is believed to be the thick-billed ground pigeon, and some authors have suggested that the Choiseul"
"of the 20th century the nation had witnessed the near extinction of the bison, increasing devastation of wading bird populations by plume hunting in Florida, and severe reductions in the populations of other once abundant forms of wildlife such as the passenger pigeon. Public support increased for more vigorous actions on the part of the government to reverse this downward slide. In Florida, in an effort to control plume hunting, the American Ornithologists Union and the National Association of Audubon Societies (now the National Audubon Society) persuaded the State Legislature to pass a model non-game bird protection law in 1901."
"about to become ghosts. Of the two extinct birds featured in the series, the plight of the passenger pigeon is particularly telling. Once the most numerous bird in North America, numbering in the billions, it was wiped out by 1914 through a combination of brutal over-hunting and habitat destruction. She served as an Artist-in-residence at the Art Gallery of Ontario from November 2013 to January 2014. Currently, she is an Adjunct Professor in Photography at the School of Image Arts at Ryerson University. Sara Angelucci Sara Angelucci (born 1962) is a Canadian artist based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She has"
"had driven the birds away by the 1860s, foreshadowing its eventual total extinction due to large-scale logging which rendered this species unable to sustain the massive hunting pressure. Several species of waterbirds, formerly frequently encountered during migration, are only rarely seen nowadays. These include, for example, the common loon (""Gavia immer""), American wigeon (""Anas americana""), redhead (""Aythya americana""), canvasback (""Aythya valisneria""), and several species of mergansers. Landbirds were apparently less seriously affected; apart from the passenger pigeon, the ruffed grouse (""Bonasa umbellus""), wild turkey (""Meleagris gallopavo""), golden eagle (""Aquila chrysaetos"") and marsh wren (""Cistothorus palustris"") had essentially or completely disappeared"
"have survived until the 1820s. Spotted green pigeon The spotted green pigeon or Liverpool pigeon (""Caloenas maculata"") is a species of pigeon which is most likely extinct. It was first mentioned and described in 1783 by John Latham, who had seen two specimens of unknown provenance and a drawing depicting the bird. The taxonomic relationships of the bird were long obscure, and early writers suggested many different possibilities, though the idea that it was related to the Nicobar pigeon (""C. nicobarica"") prevailed, and it was therefore placed in the same genus, ""Caloenas"". Today, the species is only known from a"
"or eleven remaining specimens and one or two eggs in museums (e.g. in Leiden, New York, Liverpool and London). It apparently became extinct in the 1870s due to predation by introduced species such as rats and feral cats. Additionally, it was noted to taste good and seems to have been hunted for food. Reed (1980) reported the testimony of a local who claimed the bird to be extinct since 1907. However, there were unconfirmed sightings in upland rainforest in 1984 (August 22 and 23), and 2003, and in the latter year, a deep, gulping call ""ooh-ooh-ooh"" call was heard to"
"contests. Conservationists were ineffective in stopping the slaughter. A bill was passed in the Michigan legislature making it illegal to net pigeons within of a nesting area. In 1897, a bill was introduced in the Michigan legislature asking for a 10-year closed season on passenger pigeons. Similar legal measures were passed and then disregarded in Pennsylvania. The gestures proved futile, and by the mid-1890s, the passenger pigeon had almost completely disappeared, and was probably extinct as a breeding bird in the wild. Small flocks are known to have existed at this point, since large numbers of birds were still being"
"Pink pigeon The pink pigeon (""Nesoenas mayeri"") is a species of pigeon in the family Columbidae endemic to Mauritius. The pink pigeons became nearly extinct in the 1990s and is still very rare. It is the only Mascarene pigeon that has not gone extinct. It was on the brink of extinction in 1991 when only 10 individuals remained, but its numbers have increased due to the efforts of the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust since 1977. While the population remains at below 500 birds as of 2011, the IUCN downlisted the species from Critically endangered to Endangered on the IUCN Red"
"Goliath imperial pigeon The goliath imperial pigeon (""Ducula goliath""), also known as the New Caledonian imperial pigeon and the notou, is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. Its natural habitat is humid forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as a near-threatened species. This species was described as ""Carpophaga"" (""Phænorhina"") ""goliath"" by George Robert Gray in 1859. It is a monotypic species. The goliath imperial pigeon is about long, making it one of the largest species of arboreal pigeon. It is a slender bird with a long"
"Labrador duck The Labrador duck (""Camptorhynchus labradorius"") was a North American bird; it has the distinction of being the first endemic North American bird species to become extinct after the Columbian Exchange, with the last known sighting occurring in 1878 in Elmira, New York. It was already a rare duck before European settlers arrived, and as a result of its rarity information on the Labrador duck is not abundant, although some, such as its habitat, characteristics, dietary habits and reasons behind its extinction, are known. There are 55 specimens of the Labrador duck preserved in museum collections worldwide. The Labrador"
"the Canary Islands, Spain. It may formerly have occurred on Gran Canaria, as bones similar to those of a laurel pigeon have been found and there is a possible sight record from the late 19th century. It was common in the past, but disappeared from many areas owing to clearance of laurel forest in the islands. More recently the rate of laurel forest clearance has been slowed or stopped. Population estimates for the species are 1,160-1,315 birds in 1980, 6,000 individuals in 2001, and 5,000-20,000 most recently. Whether these figures reveal genuine population increases is unclear, but the area of"
"Wigeon The wigeons or widgeons are a group of birds, dabbling ducks currently classified in the genus ""Mareca"" along with two other species. There are three extant species of wigeon, in addition to one recently extinct species. There are three extant species: the Eurasian wigeon (""Mareca penelope""), the American wigeon (""M. americana"") and the Chiloé wigeon (""M. sibilatrix""). A fourth species, the Amsterdam wigeon (""Mareca marecula""), became extinct in the 19th century. The wigeons' closest relatives, forming with them the genus ""Mareca"", are the gadwall and the falcated duck. All three wigeons are similarly shaped, with a steep forehead and"
"the Meliphagidae but instead belong to a group that includes the waxwings and the palmchat; they appear especially close to the silky-flycatchers. The authors proposed a family, Mohoidae, for these two extinct genera. Kioea The kioea (""Chaetoptila angustipluma"") was a Hawaiian bird that became extinct around 1859. The kioea was in decline even before the discovery of Hawaii by Europeans. Even native Hawaiians are seemingly unfamiliar with this bird. The feathers of the kioea were not used in Hawaiian featherwork, nor is it mentioned in any chants or legends. Only four specimens exist in museums. The cause of its extinction"
"Lord Howe pigeon The Lord Howe pigeon (sometimes white-throated pigeon), ""Columba vitiensis godmanae"", was a subspecies of the metallic pigeon which existed on Lord Howe Island. It became extinct in the 1850s. The Lord Howe pigeon was mostly brown, with a purple head and breast, and a white patch on its throat. The bird was found in an arboreal habitat, particularly closed forests. Spread throughout the lowlands of Lord Howe Island, it is likely the species fed upon fruits and seeds. Lord Howe Island was discovered in 1788. A written report was made Arthur Bowes, who landed on the island"