"10 March 2015. The Liberator (film) The Liberator () is a 2013 Spanish–Venezuelan historical drama film directed by Alberto Arvelo, starring Édgar Ramírez as Simón Bolívar. It was screened in the Special Presentation section at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival. It has been selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards, making the January Shortlist. The film debuted on 9 September 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival and opened in its home country of Venezuela on 24 July 2014. The film was released by Cohen Media Group on Blu-ray Disc"
"Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (; 24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as ""El Libertador"", was a Venezuelan military and political leader who liberated from the Spanish Empire what are currently the republics of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama. Bolívar was born into a wealthy, aristocratic Criollo family and, as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later"
"José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or ""El Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Peru"", was a Spanish-Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left his mother country at the early age of seven to study in Málaga, Spain. In 1808, after taking part in the Peninsular War against France,"
"Libertadores Libertadores (, , ""Liberators"") refers to the principal leaders of the Latin American wars of independence from Spain and Portugal. They are named that way in contrast with the ""Conquistadors"" They were largely bourgeois ""criollos"" (local-born people of European, mostly of Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry) influenced by liberalism and in most cases with military training in the metropole (mother country). The flags of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador follow Francisco de Miranda's design of 1806. Also, Bolivia was named after Bolivar, who in turn was president of Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and twice of Venezuela. San Martín served as ""President Protector"""
"for him. New Delhi, India also has a San Martin road. José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or ""El Libertador of Argentina, Chile and Peru"", was a Spanish-Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left his mother country at the early age of seven to study in Málaga, Spain."
"Legacy of José de San Martín José de San Martín is the national hero of Argentina, Chile and Peru, and along with Simón Bolívar, the most important ""Libertador"" of the Spanish American Wars of Independence. For this reason, he is homaged and depicted in several cultural works of those countries, and even internationally. José de San Martín died on 17 August 1850, in his house at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. He requested in his will to be taken to the cemetery without any funeral, and to be moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, afterwards. He also bequeathed his curved saber to the Argentine"
"Antonio Valero de Bernabé Antonio Valero de Bernabé Pacheco (October 26, 1790 – June 7, 1863), a.k.a. The Liberator from Puerto Rico, was a Puerto Rican military leader. Trained in Spain, he fought with the Spanish Army to expel the French leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, from Spain and was promoted to colonel during these years. He returned to the New World and joined the Mexican movement for independence next, and was appointed as a Brigadier General. Later he joined Simón Bolívar to fight for the independence from Spain of nations in South America, fighting for Colombia, Peru, Panama. He also supported"
"introduced late in the revolution in an effort to create a more disciplined force. One of Zapata's famous dictums was """"al ratero perdono pero al traidor jamas""""; ""a robber I can forgive, but a traitor... never."" Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South (, occasionally abbreviated to ELS) was an armed group formed and led by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution. The force was commonly known as the Zapatistas. The Zapatistas were formed in 1910 in the southern Mexican state of Morelos. Zapata, whose main cause was land reform, became one of"
"his head. In that hand he wields his sword, holding it upwards. He wears a military uniform with great detail, including the gold medal that was once George Washington's. The sculpture sits on a base made of granite or marble (142 in. x 72 in. x 184 in., 8 tons). The sculpture is signed: Felix W. de Weldon / Arch. Faulkner, Kingsbury & Stenhouse The front of the base is inscribed with: SIMON BOLIVAR THE LIBERATOR BORN JULY 24 1783 CARACAS VENEZUELA DIED DECEMBER 17 1830 SANTA MARTA COLOMBIA The east side of the base is inscribed with: THE REPUBLIC"
"South America. Military career of Simón Bolívar The military and political career of Simón Bolívar, (July 24, 1783 – December 17, 1830), which included both formal service in the armies of various revolutionary regimes and actions organized by himself or in collaboration with other exiled patriot leaders during the years from 1811 to 1830, was an important element in the success of the independence wars in South America. Given the unstable political climate during these years, Bolívar and other patriot leaders, such as Santiago Mariño, Manuel Piar, José Francisco Bermúdez and Francisco de Paula Santander often had to go into"
"Liberation Army of the South The Liberation Army of the South (, occasionally abbreviated to ELS) was an armed group formed and led by Emiliano Zapata that took part in the Mexican Revolution. The force was commonly known as the Zapatistas. The Zapatistas were formed in 1910 in the southern Mexican state of Morelos. Zapata, whose main cause was land reform, became one of the major figures of the Mexican Revolution. The Zapatistas originally aligned with Francisco Madero in opposition to the regime of president Porfirio Diaz, who was soon after overthrown in 1911. After Madero's regime, too, proved uncommitted"
"South America decided to support independence instead. Some of the most important war leaders of the patriotic movements are called Libertadores instead. The term ""patriot"" is used to refer to supporters of the revolution in general, or civil leaders without military activity, such as Mariano Moreno. The enemies of the patriots, who supported keeping the existing state of things, were called Royalists. Most patriots were Criollo peoples, whereas most royalists were Peninsulares; but there were both examples of royalist criollos (such as José Manuel de Goyeneche) and patriotic peninsulares (such as Domingo Matheu). Like with the case of the contemporary"
"the Revolution of July 7, 1857, when Cibao placed their revolutionary army under his command. The Congress of the Dominican Republic awarded Santana the title of “Liberator of the Nation” on July 18, 1849 for his victory in the Battle of Las Carreras. He is considered a brilliant military strategist, and was a key figure in the successful separation of the Dominican Republic from Haiti. But many historians think that some of his later actions barred him from becoming a genuine national hero. Santana had two brothers, Ramón (b. 15 June 1801) —his twin brother— and Florencio (b. 14 November"
"of Peru. In what today is part of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, Iturbide, a military leader revolted against the Viceroyalty of New Spain, founded an independent nation where he ascended as Emperor Aguistin I. The names of ""libertadores"" are used all over South America to name anything from towns and places to institutions and sports clubs. Also, the most prestigious international club football competition in South America is named the Copa Libertadores in their honour. Libertadores Libertadores (, , ""Liberators"") refers to the principal leaders of the Latin American wars of independence from Spain and"
"General José Gervasio Artigas General Jose Gervasio Artigas is a bronze statue, in Washington, DC, capital of the United States, at the intersection of Constitution Avenue and Virginia Avenue, at 18th Street. It is one of a set called the Statues of the Liberators. José Artigas was a 19th-century general, sometimes called ""the father of Uruguayan independence"", ""Protector de los Pueblos Libres"" or ""Jefe de los Orientales"". The Washington, DC, statue was created before 1948 by Juan Manuel Blanes. At its base are engraved the words ""Liberty of America is my dream and its attainment my only hope."" Although this"
"Portuguese. Still today, they remember him fondly and consider him a national hero of the islands. Rei Amador Rei Amador was a member of the king of the Angolars and leader of a famous slave rebellion that took place in 1595 in the African islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. According to some historic documents, Rei Emadir was ""a slave"" who avoided slavery and mobilized all the Angolares along with other Africans and made a free nation under the middle of the mentioned islands. The Angolars inhabited the south of the island of São Tomé, there are different versions on"
"Emir Ibrahim Sorison and who became Prince Abdul-Rahman ibn Ibrahima Sori (Arabic: عبد الرحمن ابن ابراهيم سوري) (1762–1829) was (commander or governor) who was captured in the Fouta Jallon region of Guinea, West Africa and sold to slave traders in the United States in 1788.[1] Upon discovering his noble lineage, his slave master Thomas Foster, began referring to him as ""Prince"", a title by which Abdul Rahman would remain synonymous until his final days. After spending 40 years in slavery, he was freed in 1828 by order of U.S. President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay after"
"considerable munitions and troops. Fighting soon broke out between juntas and the Spanish colonial authorities, with initial victories for the advocates of independence. Eventually, these early movements were crushed by the royalist troops by 1810, including those of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in Mexico in the year 1810. Later on Francisco de Miranda in Venezuela by 1812. Under the leadership of a new generation of leaders, such as Simón Bolívar ""The Liberator"", José de San Martín of Argentina, and other ""Libertadores"" in South America, the independence movement regained strength, and by 1825, all Spanish America, except for Puerto Rico and"
"American ""New York Sun"" (5 August 1845) and ""New York Herald"" (7 September 1845), the Brazilians ""O Brado de Amazonas"" (9 August 1845) and ""O Sentinella da Monarchia"" (20 August 1845) and the Chilean ""El Tiempo"" (15 August 1845). The liberator José de San Martín, who was living in France, corresponded with Rosas, offering his full support, both against the Europeans and the Unitarians. San Martín showed his respect by bequeathing his sword to Rosas. Rosas was deposed by Justo José de Urquiza in 1852, in the battle of Caseros, and Buenos Aires seceded from the Argentine Confederation later in"
"America. He created the Army of the Andes in Mendoza and, with the help of Bernardo O'Higgins and other Chileans, he made the Crossing of the Andes and liberated Chile. With the Chilean navy at his disposal, he moved to Peru, liberating that country as well. San Martín met Simón Bolívar at Guayaquil, and retired from action. A new assembly, the Congress of Tucumán, was called while San Martín was preparing the crossing of the Andes. It finally declared independence from Spain or any other foreign power. Bolivia declared itself independent in 1825, and Uruguay was created in 1828 as"
"following the Central American crisis, whose name was, by chance, William Walker. Secondary sources Primary sources William Walker (filibuster) William Walker (May 8, 1824 – September 12, 1860) was an American physician, lawyer, journalist and mercenary who organized several private military expeditions into Latin America, with the intention of establishing English-speaking slave colonies under his personal control, an enterprise then known as ""filibustering"". Walker usurped the presidency of the Republic of Nicaragua in 1856 and ruled until 1857, when he was defeated by a coalition of Central American armies. He returned in an attempt to reestablish his control of the"
"to Congress (1828–1830). He died soon after in 1832. Jaime de Zudáñez Jaime de Zudáñez (Chuquisaca, 25 July 1772 - Montevideo, 1832) was a Bolivian politician and hero of the independence of three countries in South America. Zudáñez was born in the city of La Plata, Chuquisaca, in present-day Bolivia. He graduated as a lawyer in 1792, and continued his studies at the Academia Carolina, where he obtained a graduate degree in 1795 and was appointed Public Defender of Indigents. He was central to the independence movement that started in Chuquisaca on May 25, 1809, when after being arrested on"
"Juan Soldado Juan Castillo Morales, (1918–1938) known by many as Juan Soldado (Juan the Soldier), was a convicted rapist and murderer who later became a folk saint to many in northwestern Mexico and in the southwestern United States. A private in the Mexican army, Castillo was executed on February 17, 1938 for the rape and murder of Olga Camacho Martínez, an 8-year-old girl from Tijuana, Baja California. His adherents believe that he was falsely accused of the crime and have appealed to his spirit for help in matters of health, criminal problems, family matters, crossing the U.S.-Mexico border and other"
"Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (; August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as President of Mexico, coming to power in a coup. He was of Afro-Mestizo descent, championed the cause of Mexico's common people, and abolished slavery during his brief term as president. His execution in 1831 by the conservative government that ousted him in 1829 was a shock to the nation. Guerrero was born in Tixtla, a town 100 kilometers"
"the Andean countries in South America had hoped to join what is now Peru and Bolivia to Gran Colombia, but Peru (including what is now parts of Bolivia) chose to remain a separate nation. (Bolivia had earlier declared independence in 1826.) The anniversary of the battle is marked as Army Day by the Ecuadorian Army. In 1828, José de Lamar the President of Peru, who had been born in Cuenca, was encouraged by influential citizens of Guayaquil to believe that the people of ""el Austro"" or the southern region of what is now Ecuador—including Cuenca, Guayaquil and Loja—would prefer to"
"ever live. Guerrero is a Mexican national hero. The state of Guerrero is named in his honour. Several towns in Mexico are named in honor of this famous general, including Vicente Guerrero in Baja California. Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (; August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence. He fought against Spain for independence in the early 19th century, and later served as President of Mexico, coming to power in a coup. He was of Afro-Mestizo descent, championed the cause of Mexico's common people, and abolished"
"words, tova, and morotí - referring to an indigenous legend of a white faced warrior priest who would come to lead the tribes into a glorius era. One of the greatest heroes in Paraguayan history, the ""Liberator of Paraguay,"" Captain Pedro Juan Caballero hailed from Aparypy, Tobati. Captain Caballero was the leader of the Paraguayan War for Independence from Spain, and is known as a very able military tactician. Caballero continued to serve his country after the War for Independence as one of the members of the governing Junta of Paraguay until the ascension of the ""Perpetual Dictator,"" Doctor José"
"the first time. The General never leaves South America. He finishes his journey in Santa Marta, too weak to continue and with only his doctor and his closest aides by his side. He dies in poverty, a shadow of the man who liberated much of the continent. The leading character in the novel is ""the General"", also called ""the Liberator"". García Márquez only once names his protagonist as Simón Bolívar, the famous historical figure, whose full title was General Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios, on whom the General's character is based. The novel's portrait of"
"Abril and Ángela Molina. Augusto César Sandino Augusto C. Sandino (; May 18, 1895 February 21, 1934), also known as Augusto Nicolás Calderón Sandino, was a Nicaraguan revolutionary and leader of a rebellion between 1927 and 1933 against the U.S. military occupation of Nicaragua. He was referred to as a ""bandit"" by the United States government; his exploits made him a hero throughout much of Latin America, where he became a symbol of resistance to United States' domination. He drew units of the United States Marine Corps into an undeclared guerrilla war. The United States troops withdrew from the country"
"Amador, and his people, the Angolars, allied with other enslaved Africans of its plantations, marched into the interior woods and battled against the Portuguese. It is said that day, Rei Amador and his followers raised a flag in front of the settlers and proclaimed Rei Amador as king of São Tomé and Príncipe, making himself as ""Rei Amador, liberator of all the black people"". Between 1595 and 1596, the island of São Tomé was ruled by the Angolars, under the command of Rei Amador. On 4 January 1596, he was captured, sent to prison and was later executed by the"
"who supported Spanish authority over the Americas. The Juntas, in both Spain and the Americas, promoted the ideas of the Enlightenment. Five years after the beginning of the war, Ferdinand VII returned to the throne and began the Absolutist Restoration as the royalists got the upper hand in the conflict. The independence of South America was secured by Simón Bolívar (Venezuela) and José de San Martín (Argentina), the two most important ""Libertadores"". Bolívar led a great uprising in the north, then led his army southward towards Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Meanwhile, San Martín led an army"
"excluding himself from politics and the military, and moved to France in 1824. The details of the 22 July meeting would be a subject of debate by later historians. San Martín is regarded as a national hero of Argentina and Peru, and one of the Liberators of Spanish South America. The Order of the Liberator General San Martín (""), created in his honor, is the highest decoration conferred by the Argentine government. José de San Martín was the fifth and last son of Juan de San Martín, an unsuccessful Spanish soldier, and Gregoria Matorras del Ser. He was born in"
"by his two sons. Luis Somoza Debayle became President (29 September 1956 to 1 May 1963), and was effectively dictator of the country until his death, but his brother Anastasio Somoza Debayle held great power as head of the National Guard. A graduate of West Point, Anastasio was even closer to the Americans than his father and was said to speak better English than Spanish. The revolutionaries opposing the Somozas were greatly strengthened by the Cuban Revolution. The revolution provided both hope and inspiration to the insurgents, as well as weapons and funding. Operating from Costa Rica they formed the"