"after a long interval with David Garrick in his adaptation ""Florizel and Perdita"" (first performed in 1753 and published in 1756). ""The Winter's Tale"" was revived again in the 19th century, when the fourth ""pastoral"" act was widely popular. In the second half of the 20th century, ""The Winter's Tale"" in its entirety, and drawn largely from the First Folio text, was often performed, with varying degrees of success. ""Sicilia"" ""Bohemia"" ""Other Characters"" Following a brief setup scene the play begins with the appearance of two childhood friends: Leontes, King of Sicilia, and Polixenes, the King of Bohemia. Polixenes is"
"when he returned in 1576 from his continental tour that may have included Sicily. Greene's story contains darker elements that Shakespeare lightened for his comic purposes. In Greene's tale, Pandosto, King of Bohemia, accuses his wife Bellaria of adultery committed with his childhood friend, the King of Sicilia. His pursuit of this unfounded charge leads him to send his infant daughter out to sea to die and causes the death of his son and his wife. His daughter drifts to Sicilia and is saved and raised by a shepherd. Dorastus, the Prince of Sicilia, falls in love with Fawnia, unaware"
"of Sicily"" may refer to Greek Sicily not to the Kingdom of Sicily of later medieval times. The pastoral genre is not known for precise verisimilitude, and, like the assortment of mixed references to ancient religion and contemporary religious figures and customs, this possible inaccuracy may have been included to underscore the play's fantastical and chimeric quality. As Andrew Gurr puts it, Bohemia may have been given a seacoast ""to flout geographical realism, and to underline the unreality of place in the play"". Another theory explaining the existence of the seacoast in Bohemia offered by C. H. Herford is suggested"
"that she is a Princess, and they run away to marry. They land in Bohemia, where Pandosto unwittingly falls in love with his daughter Fawnia. At the end of the story, after Fawnia's identity is revealed, Pandosto commits suicide out of grief for the troubles he caused his family. Shakespeare reversed the two kingdoms of Sicilia and Bohemia and added side characters like Paulina and Antigonus. Also he introduced Autolycus and the Clown. He also removed the suicide and added a resurrection scene, bringing the queen back to life using either magic or a death trick, depending on perception. Shakespeare"
"of his wife and son: ""Prithee, bring me / To the dead bodies of my queen and son: / One grave shall be for both: upon them shall / The causes of their death appear, unto / Our shame perpetual"" (3.2) Paulina seems convinced of Hermione's death, and Leontes' order to visit both bodies and see them interred is never called into question by later events in the play. Shakespeare's fellow playwright Ben Jonson ridiculed the presence in the play of a seacoast and a desert in Bohemia, since the Kingdom of Bohemia (which roughly corresponds to the modern-day Czech"
"out that ""Bohemia"" was also a rare name for Apulia in southern Italy. More influential was Thomas Hanmer's 1744 argument that Bohemia is a printed error for Bithynia, an ancient nation in Asia Minor; this theory was adopted in Charles Kean's influential 19th-century production of the play, which featured a resplendent Bithynian court. At the time of the medieval Kingdom of Sicily, however, Bithynia was long extinct and its territories were controlled by the Byzantine Empire. On the other hand, the play alludes to Hellenistic antiquity (e.g. the Oracle of Delphos, the names of the kings), so that the ""Kingdom"
"at Florence, Italy. The second manuscript is the ""Codex Palantinus 287"", thought to be from the fourteenth or fifteenth century. It is kept in the Vatican Library. The meter is principally iambic trimeter, which it has in common with tragedy and comedy. Regarding the date of composition, it is thought that this play was written earlier than Euripides' ""Alcestis"", and after Aristophanes' play ""Acharnians"", which parodies the ""Cyclops"". The play is set in Sicily at Mount Aetna. It begins with an opening monologue by Silenus, who tells the tale of how he and his satyrs, who are his off-spring and"
"a fellow Sicilian."" In the 2008 novel ""Il Manoscritto di Shakespeare"", by Domenico Seminerio, a luckless Sicilian schoolteacher finds evidence of Shakespeare's being Sicilian and shows it to a famous writer who fictionalises the material, with comic results. Seminerio includes in his acknowledgements a tribute to Iuvara: ""I address affectionate thanks to the late schoolteacher Martino Iuvara, author of the study titled ""Shakespeare was an Italian""."" However, according to Manlio Bellomo, a professor of law at Catania University, this should not be taken entirely at face value. In Bellomo's own 2013 novel ""L'isola di Shakespeare"", set on the Aeolian island"
"Garcia Lorca, Sartre, Genet or Tennessee Williams performed by either the National Theatre or the Royal Shakespeare Company in the last five years? The continental, non-realistic, symbolically orientated dramas of this century has proved most uncongenial to tunnel-visioned repertoire builders"" Liolà Liolà () is an Italian stage play written by Luigi Pirandello, which takes place in 19th century Sicily. The title character is a middle-aged single father by choice. He has three young boys, each by a different mother. Liolà is a free-spirit who wanders from town to town, looking to connect with nature, and to create children without having"
"Buckingham (c. 1683; published 1714) was unperformed in his era. The play is set in a fictionalised version of the Kingdom of Sicily, ruled by an otherwise-unnamed king. This king's father and predecessor, the ruler of Southern Italy (the Kingdom of Naples), had conquered the island of Sicily and displaced the native royal house; but the heir of that house, and rightful king of Sicily, is Philaster, who lives as a nobleman in the royal court. The king fears him, but cannot kill him, because of the passionate loyalty of the people. The king has a plan, however: with no"
"classify as tragedy, comedy, romance, or a combination of all three. The first three of its five acts are filled with intense psychological drama; the last two are lighthearted and comedic, concluding with a happy ending. It tells a complicated story of jealousy, loss, love, joy, redemption, forgiveness, and reconciliation. Shakespeare chose his title to signify to his audiences that the play was like a tale told in company gathered by a fireside on a winter's evening. A fictional invention—not true, but entertaining and morally instructive. Leontes, king of Sicilia, is possessed by a mad jealousy, believing that his pregnant"
"of Bohemia and Sicilia. Hermione, the queen of Sicilia, entertains Polixenes, king of Bohemia. This arouses jealousy in Leontes, the king of Sicilia. Leontes decides to poison Polixenes and orders a courtier to carry out the task. The courtier slips the poison into the cup, but he changes his mind and confesses to the murderous plot. Polixenes and the courtier depart safely, but this enrages the Leontes, who has his wife imprisoned. In prison, Hermoine gives birth to a daughter and sends it to her husband, Hoping to quell his anger. This further upsets Leontes and he orders the child"
"The Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593. It is considered by some to be Shakespeare's first play, and is often seen as showing his first tentative steps in laying out some of the themes and motifs with which he would later deal in more detail; for example, it is the first of his plays in which a heroine dresses as a boy. The play deals with the themes of friendship and infidelity, the conflict between friendship and love, and the foolish behaviour"
"Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and along with ""Hamlet"", is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. ""Romeo and Juliet"" belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale translated into verse as ""The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet"" by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and"
"with the execution of Christians by damnatio ad bestias. Julius Caesar (play) The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar) is a history play and tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include ""Coriolanus"" and ""Antony and Cleopatra"". Although the play is named ""Julius Caesar"", Brutus speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting"
"Esmoreit Esmoreit is a Middle Dutch drama. It is one of the four abele spelen that are contained in the ""Hulthemse handschrift"" and consists of 1018 lines in rhyme. The other abele spelen are: Gloriant, Lanseloet van Denemerken and Vanden Winter ende vanden Somer The play is named after the masculine leading character Esmoreit, crown-prince of the Kingdom of Sicily. It deals with the love between two people of different social class and is followed by the ""sotternie"", the farce, Lippijn. One of its sources is the 14th-century ""chanson de geste"" ""Baudouin de Sebourc"". Esmoreit is the crown-prince of Sicily."
"Giulietta e Romeo (musical) Giulietta e Romeo is an Italian-language musical with music by Riccardo Cocciante and lyrics by Pasquale Panella, based on William Shakespeare's play ""Romeo and Juliet"". Since its world premiere in Verona on June 1, 2007, directed by Sergio Carrubba, the musical has toured throughout Italy, playing in various Italian cities, including Rome, Milan, Naples and others. There are plans to stage it in other European nations in the Italian language. The cast is composed mostly of boys and girls between the ages of 15 and 18. Each actor has at least two roles. Giulietta and Romeo's"
"Boccaccio (operetta) Boccaccio, oder Der Prinz von Palermo (""Boccaccio, or the Prince of Palermo"") is an operetta in three acts by Franz von Suppé to a German libretto by Camillo Walzel and Richard Genée, based on the play by Jean-François Bayard, Adolphe de Leuven, Léon Lévy Brunswick and Arthur de Beauplan, based in turn on ""The Decameron"" by Giovanni Boccaccio. The opera was first performed at the Carltheater, Vienna, on 1 February 1879. An English translation was done by Oscar Weil and Gustav Hinrichs around 1883. In early-Renaissance Florence, the erotic novellas of the poet Boccaccio cause a stir and"
"the Romans. Two of William Shakespeare's plays are set in Verona: ""Romeo and Juliet"" and ""The Two Gentlemen of Verona."" It is unknown if Shakespeare ever visited Verona or Italy, but his plays have lured many visitors to Verona and surrounding cities. The city has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its urban structure and architecture. The precise details of Verona's early history remain a mystery. One theory is it was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to give it up to the Cenomani (550 BC). With the conquest of the Valley of the"
"at the Greek banquet in Plato’s ""Symposium"" at which he gets the last word on the nature of love, proposing that it cannot be found in superficial appearance. Performance history in Shakespeare's lifetime is unknown, though the same is also true of his more highly regarded plays such as"" Antony and Cleopatra"" and ""Coriolanus,"" which most scholars believe were written in the same period. The earliest known performance of the straight Shakespearean text was at Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin in 1761. The earliest-known production of a predominantly Shakespearean version of the play in the United Kingdom was at Sadler's"
"The Tempest The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1610–1611, and thought by many critics to be the last play that Shakespeare wrote alone. It is set on a remote island, where the sorcerer Prospero, rightful Duke of Milan, plots to restore his daughter Miranda to her rightful place using illusion and skillful manipulation. He conjures up a storm, the eponymous tempest, to cause his usurping brother Antonio and the complicit King Alonso of Naples to believe they are shipwrecked and marooned on the island. There, his machinations bring about the revelation of"
"Julius Caesar (play) The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar) is a history play and tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It is one of several plays written by Shakespeare based on true events from Roman history, which also include ""Coriolanus"" and ""Antony and Cleopatra"". Although the play is named ""Julius Caesar"", Brutus speaks more than four times as many lines as the title character; and the central psychological drama of the play focuses on Brutus' struggle between the conflicting demands of honour, patriotism, and friendship. ""Triumvirs after Caesar's"
"Shakespeare Festival, the play also marked that 500 years had passed since the Venetian Ghetto was instituted. The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice (Antonio) must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for Shylock and the famous"
"famous example of this being Shakespeare's use of Greene's ""Pandosto"" (1588) for his ""The Winter's Tale"". Set in Sicily, the play centres on the rule of a fictional king named Gonzago. At the start of the play, Gonzago's army has just won a major victory over an unspecified foreign enemy. The victory, however, was nearly a defeat: the outcome of the battle was turned when the Sicilian general Sforza personally rescued Gonzago from the enemy forces that were about to overwhelm him. The celebrations of the victory dwell on Sforza's courage and prowess — to a degree that offends the"
"Twelfth Night Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated in a shipwreck. Viola (who is disguised as Cesario) falls in love with Duke Orsino, who in turn is in love with the Countess Olivia. Upon meeting Viola, Countess Olivia falls in love with her thinking she is a man. The play expanded on the musical interludes and riotous disorder expected of the occasion, with"
"Cymbeline Cymbeline , also known as Cymbeline, King of Britain, is a play by William Shakespeare set in Ancient Britain (""c."" AD 10–14) and based on legends that formed part of the Matter of Britain concerning the early Celtic British King Cunobeline. Although listed as a tragedy in the First Folio, modern critics often classify ""Cymbeline"" as a romance or even a comedy. Like ""Othello"" and ""The Winter's Tale"", it deals with the themes of innocence and jealousy. While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611. Cymbeline, the Roman Empire's vassal"
"Hamlet The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet (), is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet. Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brother's widow. ""Hamlet"" is Shakespeare's longest play, and is considered among the most powerful and influential works of world literature, with a story capable of ""seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others""."
"Canicatti"" (""Shakespeare picciotto di Canicatti`""), Camilleri teases believers in Crollalanza over coincidences in their story: ""... he [Crollalanza] went to live in Venice in a palace that, wouldn't you know it, was built by a certain Mr Othello who had in a fit of jealousy strangled his wife (wouldn't you know it, her name was Desdemona)..."" He also suggests that a better English translation of Crollalanza would be ""Collapsespeare""; and asks why, if Shakespeare was so Sicilian, he never set a play in Canicatti. Yet Camilleri concludes: ""I confess: it would please me quite a lot to know Shakespeare was"
"The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice (Antonio) must default on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. Though classified as a comedy in the First Folio and sharing certain aspects with Shakespeare's other romantic comedies, the play is most remembered for its dramatic scenes, and it is best known for Shylock and the famous ""Hath not a Jew eyes?"" speech on humanity. Also notable is Portia's speech about ""the quality of"
"Sicilian Shakespeare as an attractive literary myth. In retelling it some have also changed the name from ""Crollalanza"", which in today's Italian would tend to mean ""spear collapses"" or ""spear gives way"", to ""Scrollalanza"", which unambiguously means ""shakes spear"". (Both these are rare but real surnames.) Andrea Camilleri, the celebrated writer who created the detective figure Salvo Montalbano, has co-written with Giuseppe Dipasquale a comedy in Sicilian dialect """" (2009), based on Shakespeare's ""Much Ado About Nothing"", which plays mischievously on the theory that Shakespeare was of Sicilian origin. Earlier, in a humorous article in 2000, ""Shakespeare, Mafia Made-Man from"
"Otello (Rossini) Otello () is an opera in three acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Berio di Salsa. The work is based on a French adaptation of the story, not Shakespeare's play ""Othello"" as neither Rossini nor his librettist knew the English drama. The opera deviates heavily from Shakespeare's version not only in that it takes place in Venice and not on Cyprus, but also in that the whole dramatic conflict develops in a different manner. The role of Iago is reduced to some degree, and it is much less diabolical than in the original"
"""Bracebridge Hall"" (1822), on Davenport's drama. The play is set in the cities of northern Italy. Lorenzo is a kinsman of the Duke of Verona, where the play begins; his wife Abstemia is a sister of the Duke of Venice. Lorenzo has fallen victim to an irrational jealousy of his wife; he is convinced, beyond reason, that she is unfaithful to him. Lorenzo pressures his friend Philippo to make sexual advances to Abstemia, to test her chastity. Philippo reluctantly complies; Abstemia consistently rejects his advances. Trapped in an awkward position for a gentleman, Philippo informs Abstemia of the situation; thrown"
"Characters in Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare's play ""Romeo and Juliet"" contains a diverse cast of characters. In addition to the play's eponymous protagonists, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, the play contains roles for members of their respective families and households; Prince Escalus, the city's ruler, and his kinsman, Count Paris; and various unaffiliated characters such as Friar Laurence and the Chorus. In addition the play contains two ghost characters (Petruchio and Valentine) and an unseen character (Rosaline). Prince Escalus, the Prince of Verona, is the desperate resolver of the feuding families. He is based on the actual Scaligeri family"