"Camel A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ""Camelus"" that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as ""humps"" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from hair). As working animals, camels—which are uniquely suited to their desert habitats—are a vital means of transport for passengers and cargo. There are three surviving species of camel. The one-humped dromedary makes up 94% of the world's camel population, and the two-humped Bactrian camel makes up the remainder. The Wild Bactrian camel is a separate species and is"
"large hump instead of two or one smaller ones. Generally a ""Camelus bactrianus"" × ""Camelus dromedarius"" hybrid is called an F1. It usually has a single large hump, sometimes slightly divided, and is larger than both parents, reaching 230 cm at the shoulder and up to 1000 kg. This type of camel is extremely strong and is useful for hard work such as plowing and carrying loads. It was also used in war by the Ottoman Turks. It is generally docile and tame. It is fertile. Pure camel hybrids are mostly found in Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey; but they"
"Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall. Males typically weigh between , and females weigh between . The species' distinctive features include its long, curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump (compared with two on the Bactrian camel and wild Bactrian camel), and long hairs on the throat, shoulders and hump. The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, tall"
"in regions where they are sympatric to form hybrids with either a long, slightly lopsided hump or two humps – one small and one large. These hybrids are larger and stronger than their parents – they can bear greater loads. A cross between a first generation female hybrid and a male Bactrian camel can also produce a hybrid. Hybrids from other combinations tend to be bad-tempered or runts. The extinct ""Protylopus"", which occurred in North America during the upper Eocene, is the oldest and the smallest-known camel. During the transition from Pliocene to Pleistocene, several mammals faced extinction. This period"
"whereas a Bactrian camel has an annual yield of nearly . Dromedaries under the age of two years have a fine undercoat that tends to fall off and should be cropped by hand. Little information about camel hides has been collected but they are usually of inferior quality and are less preferred for manufacturing leather. Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall."
"pigs. The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome. The hybrid camel, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has one hump, though it has an indentation deep that divides the front from the back."
"is halfway in size between a camel and a llama and lacks a hump. It has ears intermediate between those of camels and llamas, longer legs than the llama, and partially cloven hooves. Like the mule, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the same number of chromosomes. The wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus"") separated from the domestic Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") about 1 million years ago. The earliest known camel, called ""Protylopus"", lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago (during the Eocene). It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands"
"Mule A mule is the offspring of a male donkey (jack) and a female horse (mare). Horses and donkeys are different species, with different numbers of chromosomes. Of the two F1 hybrids (first generation hybrids) between these two species, a mule is easier to obtain than a hinny, which is the offspring of a female donkey (jenny) and a male horse (stallion). The size of a mule and work to which it is put depend largely on the breeding of the mule's female parent (dam). Mules can be lightweight, medium weight or when produced from draft horse mares, of moderately"
"meet the cloven hoof criterion. Like these animals, camels (and llamas) are ruminants with a multi-chambered stomach. Camels are even-toed ungulates, with feet split in two. However, a camel's feet form soft pads rather than hard hooves. In Islam, the eating of camel is allowed, and is indeed traditional in the Islamic heartland in Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula more generally. There is a strong taboo against eating cats in many Western parts of the world, including most of the Americas and Europe. Cat meat is forbidden by Jewish and Islamic law as both religions forbid the eating of"
"are the mule, a cross between a female horse and a male donkey, and the hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Pairs of complementary types like the mule and hinny are called reciprocal hybrids. Among many other mammal crosses are hybrid camels, crosses between a bactrian camel and a dromedary. The first known instance of hybrid speciation in marine mammals was discovered in 2014. The clymene dolphin (""Stenella clymene"") is a hybrid of two Atlantic species, the spinner and striped dolphins. Cagebird breeders sometimes breed bird hybrids known as mules between species of finch, such"
"Musimon In European heraldry, the musimon (also known as the tityrus or tytron) is used to symbolize one in authority who leads with strength. Used in this sense, the musimon is a cross between a goat and a sheep; it has the feet and body of a goat, the head and beard of a ram, and two horns from each for a total of four—two curved and two straight. Musimon can also refer to the real animal known as the European mouflon (""Ovis aries musimon""), a wild short-fleeced mountain sheep found on the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and parts"
"The hybrid is at the shoulder and tall at the hump. It weighs an average of and can carry around , which is more than either the dromedary or Bactrian can. According to molecular data, the New World and Old World camelids diverged about 11 million years ago. In spite of this, these species can hybridize and produce viable offspring. The cama is a camel-llama hybrid bred by scientists to see how closely related the parent species are. Scientists collected semen from a camel via an artificial vagina and inseminated a llama after stimulating ovulation with gonadotrophin injections. The cama"
"are usually wild animals but when they are raised with other domestic horses they are tame enough to be ridden draught. Mules are smaller, more resistant to heat and exhaustion and much stronger. Horses are much larger but likely to suffer from exhaustion and heat. Male mules (johns) are sterile, but fertile female mules (mollies) sometimes occur. The different number and different structure in chromosomes makes it difficult for them to pair up. Donkeys have 62 chromosomes, horses have 64 so their hybrids (mules and hinnies) have 63. Zebras have between 32 and 46 (depending on species) and their hybrids"
"of mainland Europe. Musimon In European heraldry, the musimon (also known as the tityrus or tytron) is used to symbolize one in authority who leads with strength. Used in this sense, the musimon is a cross between a goat and a sheep; it has the feet and body of a goat, the head and beard of a ram, and two horns from each for a total of four—two curved and two straight. Musimon can also refer to the real animal known as the European mouflon (""Ovis aries musimon""), a wild short-fleeced mountain sheep found on the islands of Corsica and"
"Howdah A howdah, or houdah (Hindi: हौदा ""haudā""), derived from the Arabic هودج (hawdaj), that means ""bed carried by a camel"", also known as ""hathi howdah"" (हाथी हौदा), is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal such as camels, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare. It was also a symbol of wealth for the owner and as a result was decorated with expensive gemstones. Most notable are the Golden Howdah, the one used in display at the Napier Museum at"
"camel, the dromedary has a lighter build, longer limbs, shorter hairs, a harder palate and an insignificant or absent ethmoidal fissure. Unlike the camelids of the genus ""Lama"", the dromedary has a hump, and in comparison has a longer tail, smaller ears, squarer feet and a greater height at the shoulder. The dromedary has four teats instead of the two in the ""Lama"" species. The cranium of the dromedary consists of a postorbital bar, a tympanic bulla filled with spongiosa, a well-defined sagittal crest, a long facial part and an indented nasal bone. Typically, there are eight sternal and four"
"spear to be attached to the stone tool. Biochemical analyses have shown that Clovis tools were used in butchering camels. Because soft tissues are generally not preserved in the fossil record, it is not certain if ""Camelops"" possessed a hump, like modern camels, or lacked one, like its modern llama relatives. Because one-humped camels are now known to have evolved from two-humped camels, it would follow that ""Camelops"", if it had humps, probably had two, as this would be the more parsimonious view. ""Camelops hesternus"" was approximately tall at the shoulder, making it slightly taller than modern Bactrian camels; it"
"of Asiatic wild ass or onager, ""Equus hemionus"", and three subspecies of the kiang, ""Equus kiang"", of the Himalayan upland. A male donkey (jack) can be crossed with a female horse to produce a mule. A male horse can be crossed with a female donkey to produce a hinny. Horse-donkey hybrids are almost always sterile because horses have 64 chromosomes whereas donkeys have 62, producing offspring with 63 chromosomes. Mules are much more common than hinnies. This is believed to be caused by two factors, the first being proven in cat hybrids, that when the chromosome count of the male"
"Cama (animal) A cama is a hybrid between a male dromedary camel and a female llama, and has been produced via artificial insemination at the Camel Reproduction Centre in Dubai. The first cama was born on January 14, 1998. The aim was to create an animal capable of higher wool production than the llama, with the size and strength of a camel and a cooperative temperament. An adult dromedary camel can weigh up to six times as much as a llama, so the hybrid needs to be produced by artificial insemination. Insemination of a female llama with sperm from a"
"hooves are unclean. Both documents explicitly list four animals as being ritually impure: Camels are actually both even-toed ungulates and ruminants, although their feet aren't hooves at all, instead being two toes with a pad. Similarly, although the bible portrays them as ruminants, the hyrax, hare, and coney, are all coprophages, and do not ruminate and lack a rumen. These obvious discrepancies, and the question of whether there is a way to resolve them, have been investigated by various authors, most recently by Rabbi Natan Slifkin, in a book, entitled ""The Camel, the Hare, and the Hyrax"". Unlike Leviticus 11:3-8,"
"the camel stopped to rest determined the location where he would build his house in Medina. According to Jewish tradition, camel meat and milk are not kosher. Camels possess only one of the two kosher criteria; although they chew their cud, they do not possess cloven hooves: ""But these you shall not eat among those that bring up the cud and those that have a cloven hoof: the camel, because it brings up its cud, but does not have a [completely] cloven hoof; it is unclean for you."" There are around 14 million camels alive , with 90% being dromedaries."
"camel species. Adult males range in height between at the shoulder; females range between . Males typically weigh between ; females range between . The distinctive features are its long, curved neck, narrow chest and single hump (the Bactrian camel has two), thick, double-layered eyelashes and bushy eyebrows. They have sharp vision and a good sense of smell. The male has a soft palate (""dulaa"" in Arabic) nearly long, which it inflates to produce a deep pink sac. The palate, which is often mistaken for the tongue, dangles from one side of the mouth and is used to attract females"
"possess true ""hooves"" – it walks on soft toes which have little more than a nail merely giving an appearance of a ""hoof"". Similarly, the pig, although it has cloven true hooves, does not ruminate. Other animals such as dogs or cats exhibit neither characteristic, and are thus also forbidden for Jewish consumption. Cloven hoof A cloven hoof, cleft hoof, divided hoof or split hoof is a hoof split into two toes. This is found on members of the mammalian order ""Artiodactyla"". Examples of mammals that possess this type of hoof are cattle, deer, antelopes, gazelles, goats, and sheep. In"
"The male dromedary camel has an organ called a dulla in its throat, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of its mouth. Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind. The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session. Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position. Camels do not directly store water in their humps; they are reservoirs"
"found only in remote areas of northwest China and Mongolia. An extinct species of camel in the separate genus ""Camelops"", known as ""C. hesternus"", lived in western North America until humans entered the continent at the end of the Pleistocene. The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years. A full-grown adult camel stands at the shoulder and at the hump. Camels can run at up to in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to . Bactrian camels weigh and dromedaries . The widening toes on a camel's hoof provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments."
"shares the genus ""Camelus"" with the Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") and the wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus""). The dromedary belongs to the family Camelidae. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (4th century BC) was the first to describe the species of ""Camelus"". He named two species in his ""History of Animals""; the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The dromedary was given its current binomial name ""Camelus dromedarius"" by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication ""Systema Naturae"". In 1927, British veterinarian Arnold Leese classified dromedaries by their basic habitats; the hill camels are small, muscular animals and"
"Hinny A hinny is a domestic equine hybrid that is the offspring of a male horse, a stallion, and a female donkey, a jenny. It is the reciprocal cross to the more common mule, which is the product of a male donkey, a jack, and a female horse, a mare. The hinny is distinctive from the mule both in physiology and temperament as a consequence of genomic imprinting. Hinnies are the reciprocal cross to the more common mule. Comparatively, the average hinny has a smaller stature, shorter ears, stronger legs, and a thicker mane than the average mule. The distinct"
"""Gambrel"" is a Norman English word, sometimes spelled gambol such as in the 1774 Boston carpenters' price book (revised 1800). Other spellings include gamerel, gamrel, gambril, gameral, gambering, cambrel, cambering, chambrel referring to a wooden bar used by butchers to hang the carcasses of slaughtered animals. Butcher's gambrels, later made of metal, resembled the two-sloped appearance of a gambrel roof when in use. Gambrel is also a term for the joint in the upper part of a horse's hind leg, the hock. In 1858, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. wrote: An earlier reference from the ""Dictionary of Americanisms"", published in 1848,"
"dissipate body heat. If the hump is small, the animal can show signs of starvation. In a 2005 study, the mean volume of adipose tissues (in the external part of the hump that have cells to store lipids) is related to the dromedary's unique mechanism of food and water storage. In case of starvation, they can even eat fish and bones, and drink brackish and salty water. The hair is longer on the throat, hump and shoulders. Though the padded hooves effectively support the camel's weight on the ground, they are not suitable for walking on slippery and muddy surfaces."
"Hoof A hoof ( or ), plural ""hooves"" ( or ) or ""hoofs"" , is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, strengthened by a thick, horny, keratin covering. Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates, meaning that these species have an even number of digits on each foot. Ruminants, with two main digits, are the largest group. Examples include deer, bison, cattle, goats and sheep. Perissodactyls have an odd number of toes. Examples of perissodactyl mammals are horses, rhinoceroses and tapirs. Hooves are generally cited as limb structures restricted to placental mammals, which unlike other mammal groups undergo prolonged pregnancies."
"hump is considered a delicacy. The hump contains ""white and sickly fat"", which can be used to make the ""khli"" (preserved meat) of mutton, beef, or camel. On the other hand, camel milk and meat are rich in protein, vitamins, glycogen, and other nutrients making them essential in the diet of many people. From chemical composition to meat quality, the dromedary camel is the preferred breed for meat production. It does well even in arid areas due to its unusual physiological behaviors and characteristics, which include tolerance to extreme temperatures, radiation from the sun, water paucity, rugged landscape and low"
"and the stratum medium is what makes up the bulk of the hoof wall. Inside the hoof wall is a laminar junction, a soft tissue structure that allows the hoof to withstand the demands of force transmission it undergoes. This tissue structure binds the inner surface of the hoof wall, the dermis parietis and the outer surface of the third phalanx. Most even-toed ungulates (such as sheep, goats, deer, cattle, bison and pigs) have two main hooves on each foot, together called a cloven hoof. Most of these cloven-hooved animals also have two smaller hooves called ""dewclaws"" a little further"
"Cloven hoof A cloven hoof, cleft hoof, divided hoof or split hoof is a hoof split into two toes. This is found on members of the mammalian order ""Artiodactyla"". Examples of mammals that possess this type of hoof are cattle, deer, antelopes, gazelles, goats, and sheep. In folklore and popular culture, a cloven hoof has long been associated with the Devil. The two digits of cloven hoofed animals are homologous to the third and fourth fingers of the hand. They are called claws and are named for their relative location on the foot: the outer, or lateral, claw and the"