"PKS 2000-330 PKS 2000-330 (also known as QSO B2000-330) is a quasar located in the constellation Sagittarius. When identified in 1982, it was the most distant and most luminous object known. The ""distance"" of a far away galaxy depends on what distance measurement you use. With a redshift of 3.77, light from this active galaxy is estimated to have taken around 11.7 billion years to reach us. But since this galaxy is receding from Earth at an estimated rate of 274,681 km/s (the speed of light is 299,792 km/s), the present (co-moving) distance to this galaxy is estimated to be"
"the Sun's diameter and 17 times its mass, having begun life 45 times as massive as the Sun. Rho Cassiopeiae is about 10,000 light-years from Earth. Cassiopeia includes V509 Cassiopeiae, a second example of the extremely rare yellow hypergiants, which is around 400,000 times as luminous as the Sun and 14 times as massive, as well as 6 Cassiopeiae which is a hotter white hypergiant. It also hosts the red supergiant PZ Cassiopeiae, which is one of the largest known stars with an estimate of and is also a semiregular variable. Between 240,000 and 270,000 times as luminous as the"
"System. Lying 222 ± 7 light-years away with an apparent magnitude of 4.39, HD 66141 is 6.8 billion years old and has evolved into an orange giant of spectral type K2III with a diameter around 22 times that of the Sun, and weighing 1.1 solar masses. It is 174 times as luminous as the Sun, with an absolute magnitude of −0.15. HD 66141 was mistakenly named 13 Puppis, as its celestial coordinates were recorded incorrectly when catalogued and hence mistakenly thought to be in the constellation of Puppis; Bode gave it the name Lambda Canis Minoris, which is now obsolete."
"its current size. At the tip of the red giant branch, as a result of the vastly increased surface area, the Sun's surface will be much cooler (about 2600 K) than now and its luminosity much higher—up to 2,700 current solar luminosities. For part of its red giant life, the Sun will have a strong stellar wind that will carry away around 33% of its mass. During these times, it is possible that Saturn's moon Titan could achieve surface temperatures necessary to support life. As the Sun expands, it will swallow the planets Mercury and Venus. Earth's fate is less"
"Sun, it is around 9,160 light-years distant from Earth. AO Cassiopeiae is a binary system composed of an O8 main sequence star and an O9.2 bright giant that respectively weigh anywhere between 20.30 and 57.75 times and 14.8 and 31.73 times the mass of the Sun. The two massive stars are so close to each other they distort each other into egg-shapes. Tycho Brahe's supernova was visible within Cassiopeia, and the star Tycho G is suspected of being the donor of the material that triggered that explosion. If the Earth's Sun could be observed from α Centauri, the closest star"
"comparison as HD 133600 is 1.5 billion years older than the Sun. Yet, this has made it a useful star for studies into the problem of the depleted lithium abundance at the solar surface compared with other stars, something that is not yet fully understood, and known as the Lithium depletion problem. HD 133600 HD 133600, also known as HIP 73815, is a G-type star in the constellation of Virgo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 8.219. It is similar to the Sun and has been called a near solar twin, as it is 1.5 billion years older"
"the sun. It has a radius around 42 times, and a mass 30 times that of the Sun. In 1977 DL Crucis, then referred to as HR 4653, was being used as a comparison star to test the variability of δ Crucis. δ Crucis turned out to be constant relative to several other stars, but the difference in brightness between it and HR 4653 changed by 0.02 magnitude. It was considered likely to be a variable with a period longer than seven hours. Hipparcos photometry showed that DL Crucis was varying by up to 0.04 magnitude with a main period"
"the luminosity class of 'III' indicating this is a giant star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence of stars like the Sun. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. It is 19% more massive than the Sun, but the outer envelope has expanded to around 11 times the Sun's radius. With its enlarged size, it is radiating 46 times the luminosity of the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,529 K. This"
"the gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Sun (274 m/s²). As an A-type main sequence star, Beta Pictoris is more luminous than the Sun: combining the apparent magnitude of 3.861 with the distance of 19.44 parsecs gives an absolute magnitude of 2.42, as compared to the Sun, which has an absolute magnitude of 4.83. This corresponds to a visual luminosity 9.2 times greater than that of the Sun. When the entire spectrum of radiation from Beta Pictoris and the Sun is taken into account, Beta Pictoris is found to be 8.7 times more luminous than the Sun. Many main"
"Sun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name=""doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012""></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is"
"times larger than the Sun, and a radius that is 1.477 bigger. It is, thus, larger, more massive, and more diffuse than the Sun. The star has an effective temperature of 6300 K, making it also hotter than the Sun. With a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.17, WASP-15 has 0.676 times the amount of iron than the Sun, and has consistently lower levels of other metals, including sodium, magnesium, silicon, calcium, and scandium. In addition, WASP-15 is most likely younger than the Sun, as it has an estimated age of 3.9 billion years. WASP-15 is approximately 3.09 times more luminous"
"Allen with the same meaning Edasich is larger and more massive than the Sun, with 1.8 times the mass and nearly 12 times the radius. The spectrum matches a stellar classification of K2 III, indicating this is an evolved star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core and left the main sequence of stars like the Sun. With an expanded outer envelope, this giant star is radiating over 55 times the luminosity of the Sun at an effective temperature of 4,545 K. This temperature gives it an orange hue that is a characteristic of K-type stars. It"
"team. This table compares the Sun to Kepler-452. Kepler-452 Kepler-452 is a G-type main-sequence star located about 1830 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. It has a similar temperature to that of the Sun, but it is 20 percent brighter, 3.7 percent more massive and is 11 percent larger. It is approximately six billion years old, 1.5 billion years older than the Sun and also has a much higher metallicity. Thus, Kepler-452 can be considered a solar twin, although its age pushes it more back towards the ""solar analog"" criteria. Prior to Kepler observation, Kepler-452 had the"
"B1.5III that is around 22,000 times as luminous as the Sun and has 9.4 ± 0.7 times its diameter. It began life with a mass 12.1 ± 0.6 times that of the Sun, almost 15 million years ago. Its light is dimmed by 30% due to interstellar dust, so would have a brighter magnitude of 3.31 if not for this. The second brightest star at magnitude 3.97 is Beta Pyxidis, a yellow bright giant or supergiant of spectral type G7Ib-II that is around 435 times as luminous as the Sun, lying 420 ± 10 light-years distant away from Earth. It"
"times as massive and 180 times as luminous as the Sun. The secondary component is an orange subgiant star of type K0IV that has begun cooling and expanding to 3.5 times the radius of the Sun, and has 4.5 times the luminosity and 80% of its mass. These two are separated by only 0.05 astronomical units (AU)—five percent of the distance between the Earth and Sun; the main dip in brightness arises when the larger fainter companion passes in front of the hotter brighter primary. The tertiary component is a main sequence star of type A7, which is located on"
"HD 133600 HD 133600, also known as HIP 73815, is a G-type star in the constellation of Virgo. It has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 8.219. It is similar to the Sun and has been called a near solar twin, as it is 1.5 billion years older than the Sun. Its distance is 52.3 parsecs (171 light years) from the Sun. Mass is within 3 percent of the Sun. Near solar twins can help us to understand solar activity such as solar flares and sunspot cycles over longer time periods than the historical records, and to put unique historical"
"indicating that the atmosphere was previously enriched by accretion of s-process elements from what is now an white dwarf companion. The giant has 1.66 times the mass of the Sun and has expanded to about 34 times the Sun's radius. It is about 3.4 billion years old and is radiating 380 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,154 K. In Chinese, (), meaning ""Outer Fence"", refers to an asterism consisting of ν Piscium, δ Piscium, ε Piscium, ζ Piscium, μ Piscium, ξ Piscium and α Piscium. Consequently, ν Piscium itself is known as (,"
"Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant with an average radius about nine times that of Earth. It has only one-eighth the average density of Earth, but with its larger volume Saturn is over 95 times more massive. Saturn is named after the Roman god of agriculture; its astronomical symbol (♄) represents the god's sickle. Saturn's interior is probably composed of a core of iron–nickel and rock (silicon and oxygen compounds). This core is surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate"
"1,200,000 times that of the Sun (), with a radius 60 times larger than that of the Sun (), and 80 times more massive than the Sun (). More recent calculations give a luminosity of , radius of , and mass of . Alternative assumptions about the orbit lead to lower values of , , and . The physical parameters of the star, and its spectrum, are comparable to a luminous blue variable (LBV). Although it has not shown the defining outbursts and spectral variations, the surrounding nebulae indicate episodes of heavy mass loss in the past. Alternatively, it may"
"to be 10-20% larger than Jupiter. This discovery is important as it provides further support for the existing theory of planetary structure. HD 147506 HD 147506 is a magnitude 8.7 F8 dwarf star that is somewhat larger and hotter than our sun. The star is approximately 418 light years from Earth and is positioned near the keystone of Hercules. It is estimated to be 2 to 3 billion years old. There is one known transiting extrasolar planet. In addition to being a planetary transit variable there is also stellar pulsations induced by the planet. This is the first known instance"
"from Earth. It is around 3.56 times as massive as the Sun. Eta Arae is an orange giant of apparent magnitude 3.76. Exoplanets have been discovered in seven star systems in the constellation. Mu Arae (Cervantes) is a sunlike star that hosts four planets. HD 152079 is a sunlike star with a planet. HD 154672 is an ageing sunlike star with a Hot Jupiter. HD 154857 is a sunlike star with one confirmed and one suspected planet. HD 156411 is a star hotter and larger than the sun with a gas giant planet in orbit. Gliese 674 is a nearby"
"the Small Magellanic Cloud HV 11423 is one of largest known stars with an estimated radius over 1,000 times bigger than the sun. It is also a variable star with a variation of up 2 magnitudes at visual wavelengths but essentially constant in the infrared. It is listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars as a slow irregular variable, but a period of 720 days has been calculated, as well as a long secondary period of 1,817 days. The bolometric luminosity is over 300,000 times more than Sun, making it one of most luminous cool supergiants, and appears to"
"it is an F-type main-sequence star that is generating energy at its core through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. It is larger than the Sun, with 120% of the Sun's radius and 122% of the solar mass; as such, it shines nearly twice as brightly as the Sun. HD 219623 is around 1.2 billion years in age, with a projected rotational velocity of 5.5 km/s. Compared to the Sun, it has a slightly higher abundance of elements other than hydrogen and helium—what astronomers term the star's metallicity. The effective temperature of the stellar atmosphere is about 6,138 K,"
"is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F6 V. It is larger than the Sun, with 1.22 times the mass of the Sun and 1.35 times the Sun's luminosity. The star is radiating 2.72 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 6,296 K. Pace (2013) estimates HD 76653 to be 770 million years old, while Fuhrmann and Chini (2012) date it to an age of around two billion years. However, is an X-ray source with a luminosity of , which is unusually high for the older age estimate. The metallicity is"
"from the movement of the Earth. Bradley's discovery confirmed Copernicus' theory that the Earth revolved around the Sun. Gamma Draconis is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K5 III. Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified. It has 72% more mass than the Sun and it has expanded to around 48 times the Sun's girth. It is radiating about 471 times as much luminosity as the Sun from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 3,930 K. This is cooler than"
"3.3, it is 1110 ± 60 light-years from Earth. It has been estimated to be between 12.5 and 25 times as massive as the Sun, and have around 120,000 times its luminosity. Alpha Arae is a blue-white main sequence star of magnitude 2.95, that is 270 ± 20 light-years from Earth. This star is around 9.6 times as massive as the Sun, and has an average of 4.5 times its radius. It is 5,800 times as luminous as the Sun, its energy emitted from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 18,044 K. A Be star, Alpha Arae is"
"magnetic fields. It has a diameter of about , around 109 times that of Earth, and its mass (1.989 kilograms, approximately 330,000 times that of Earth) accounts for some 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Chemically, about three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium. The remaining 1.69% (equal to 5,600 times the mass of Earth) consists of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron. The Sun formed about 4.567 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud. Most of the matter"
"evolving away from the main sequence. In 2009, Helmut A. Abt listed it with a stellar classification of F7 V, suggesting that it is still on the main sequence. It is larger than the Sun with 141% of the Sun's mass and 250% of the Sun's radius. Consequently, it is shining brighter and evolving more rapidly than the Sun, with a luminosity nearly eight times the Sun's at an age of 2.2 billion years. This energy is being radiated from the star's outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 6,300 K. At this heat, the star glows with the yellow-white"
"Sun. Eta Canis Minoris is a giant of spectral class F0III of magnitude 5.24, which has a yellowish hue when viewed through binoculars as well as a faint companion of magnitude 11.1. Located 4 arcseconds from the primary, the companion star is actually around 440 AU from the main star and takes around 5000 years to orbit it. Near Procyon, three stars share the name Delta Canis Minoris. Delta is a yellow-white F-type giant of magnitude 5.25 located around from Earth. About 360 times as luminous and 3.75 times as massive as the Sun, it is expanding and cooling as"
"SMC 018136 SMC 018136, also known as PMMR 37, is a M-type supergiant star with a temperature of 3,575 K and a radial velocity of 185.7 km/s located in the Small Magellanic Cloud. SMC 018136 is a red supergiant of spectral type M3.5Ia with an effective temperature 3,575 K, a bolometric luminosity over 200,000 times more than Sun, and a radius over 1,300 times wider than the sun, making it one of the largest stars so far discovered. If it were in the place of the Sun, its photosphere would at least engulf the orbit of Jupiter. This would make"
"but it was for Theta Draconis. Eta Draconis A is a star with 2.55 times the mass of the Sun. The spectrum matches a stellar classification of G8 III, with the luminosity class III indicating this is an evolved giant star that has exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core. It reached this stage in only 550 million years because higher mass stars such as this consume the supply of hydrogen more rapidly than the Sun. The measured angular diameter of this star, after correction for limb darkening, is . At the estimated distance of Eta Draconis, this yields"
"eccentricity of 0.342. The value for the visible component is , where ""a"" is the semimajor axis and ""i"" is the (unknown) orbital inclination. This indicates that the actual semimajor axis is larger than . The visible component appears to be an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of , where the suffix notation indicates an underabundance of iron in the atmosphere. It is 320 million years old with 3.27 times the mass of the Sun and about 13 times the Sun's radius. The star is radiating 219 times the Sun's luminosity from its enlarged photosphere at an effective"
"the mass of the Sun and 10 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 40 times the Sun's luminosity from its expanded photosphere at an effective temperature of around 4,617 K. In Chinese, (), meaning ""Flying Serpent"", refers to an asterism consisting of τ Cassiopeiae, α Lacertae, 4 Lacertae, π Cygni, π Cygni, HD 206267, ε Cephei, β Lacertae, σ Cassiopeiae, ρ Cassiopeiae, AR Cassiopeiae, 9 Lacertae, 3 Andromedae, 7 Andromedae, 8 Andromedae, λ Andromedae, κ Andromedae, ι Andromedae, and ψ Andromedae. Consequently, τ Cassiopeiae itself is known as (, ) Tau Cassiopeiae Tau Cassiopeiae (τ Cassiopeiae) is a solitary,"