"encoded the same way (A, O, E, I, T, M, N, R, K, etc.). Bulgarian alphabet contains 30 characters, which exactly match all possible combinations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 dots and dashes. Russian requires 1 extra character, ""Ы"" which is encoded with 5 elements. During early World War I (1914–1916), Germany briefly experimented with 'dotty' and 'dashy' Morse, in essence adding a dot or a dash at the end of each Morse symbol. Each one was quickly broken by Allied SIGINT, and standard Morse was restored by Spring 1916. Only a small percentage of Western Front (North Atlantic"
"Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code transmission."
"applications. Morse code Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called ""dots"" and ""dashes"" or ""dits"" and ""dahs"". Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns). Each Morse code symbol is formed by a sequence of dots and dashes. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in Morse code"
"Three Dot Dash is a mash-up of Morse code, used by telegraphs, and the two-fingered ""V"" gesture that has come to be known as the peace sign. In Morse code, ""V"" is •••– Inspired by the late 13-year-old poet Mattie Stepanek, Three Dot Dash is a yearlong leadership and mentoring program that teaches teen leaders how to effectively ""tell their stories"" during the Just Peace Summit using various forms of media, current technology and distribution methods to gain media attention and public support for their causes. Three Dot Dash creates a sustainable worldwide network of individuals, corporations and nonprofit organizations"
"The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash within a character is followed by period of signal absence, called a ""space"", equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space of duration equal to three dots, and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. To increase the efficiency of encoding, Morse code was designed so that the length of each symbol is approximately inverse to the frequency of occurrence in text of the English language character that it represents. Thus the"
"Telegraph code A telegraph code is one of the character encodings used to transmit information through telegraphy machines. The most famous such code is Morse code. Morse code can be transmitted and received with very simple electrical equipment, such as the electrical telegraph invented in 1816. Morse code represents each letter of the alphabet as a series of ""dots and dashes"" (short and long bursts of electronically-generated noise). The speed of sending is directly related to the length of the shortest (dot) element: a dash is three dots long, an inter-character gap is the same length (3 dots), and inter-word"
"most common letter in English, the letter ""E"", has the shortest code: a single dot. Because the Morse code elements are specified by proportion rather than specific time durations, the code is usually transmitted at the highest rate that the receiver is capable of decoding. The Morse code transmission rate (""speed"") is specified in ""groups per minute"", commonly referred to as ""words per minute"". Morse code is usually transmitted by on-off keying of an information carrying medium such as electric current, radio waves, visible light or sound waves. The current or wave is present during time period of the dot"
"little point in learning to read Morse as above; rather, the of all of the letters and symbols need to be learned, for both sending and receiving. All Morse code elements depend on the dot length. A dash is the length of 3 dots, and spacings are specified in number of dot lengths. An unambiguous method of specifying the transmission speed is to specify the dot duration as, for example, 50 milliseconds. Specifying the dot duration is, however, not the common practice. Usually, speeds are stated in words per minute. That introduces ambiguity because words have different numbers of characters,"
"or dash and absent during the time between dots and dashes. Morse code can be memorized, and Morse code signalling in a form perceptible to the human senses, such as sound waves or visible light, can be directly interpreted by persons trained in the skill. Because many non-English natural languages use other than the 26 Roman letters, Morse alphabets have been developed for those languages. In an emergency, Morse code can be generated by improvised methods such as turning a light on and off, tapping on an object or sounding a horn or whistle, making it one of the simplest"
"only. To station S1 from station S2. Roger (R) Thank you (TU) see you again (CUAGN) Best regards (73) To station S1 from station S2: Signing off. In International Morse code there is no ""distinct"" dot-dash sequence defined only for the mathematical equal sign [=]; rather the same code (""–···–"" or ""dah di di di dah"") is shared by ""double hyphen"" [=] and the procedural sign for ""section separator"" notated as . It is fairly common in the ""Recommended International Morse Code"" for punctuation codes to be shared with prosigns. For example, the code for plus or cross [+] is"
"receiving Morse code when it is taught as a language that is heard, instead of one read from a page. To reflect the sounds of Morse code receivers, the operators began to vocalize a dot as ""dit"", and a dash as ""dah"". Dots which are not the final element of a character became vocalized as ""di"". For example, the letter ""c"" was then vocalized as ""dah-di-dah-dit"". Morse code was sometimes facetiously known as ""iddy-umpty"", and a dash as ""umpty"", leading to the word ""umpteen"". The Morse code, as it is used internationally today, was derived from a much refined proposal"
"in Morse code format, would normally be written something like this, where – represents dahs and · represents dits: Next is the exact conventional timing for this phrase, with = representing ""signal on"", and . representing ""signal off"", each for the time length of exactly one dit: Morse code is often spoken or written with ""dah"" for dashes, ""dit"" for dots located at the end of a character, and ""di"" for dots located at the beginning or internally within the character. Thus, the following Morse code sequence: is orally: ""Dah-dah dah-dah-dah di-dah-dit di-di-dit dit, Dah-di-dah-dit dah-dah-dah dah-di-dit dit"". There is"
"special signal, , repeated at short intervals."" (In American Morse code, which was used by many coastal ships in the United States through the first part of the twentieth century, three dashes stood for the numeral """"5"""", so in a few cases the distress signal was informally referred to as """"S 5 S"""".) In contrast to CQD, which was sent as three separate letters with spaces between each letter, the ' distress call has always been transmitted as a continuous sequence ""dits"" and ""dahs"", and not as individual letters. There was no problem as long as operators were aware that"
"the form of a short line of dashes and dots forming a Morse character radiating away from the location of the beacon. Typically, the Morse character starts with a dash - a long, continuous signal. The proposal for Enhanced RACON is to further modulate this first dash, with a small amount of digital information to enable either the unique identification of this particular RACON (for instance 30 bits of data identifying the RACON by a MMSI) or alternatively to identify the position of the RACON. Introducing a unique identification would enable enhanced RADAR positioning through the ability to correlate the"
"a heliograph, a common flashlight, or even a car horn. Some mine rescues have used pulling on a rope - a short pull for a dot and a long pull for a dash. Morse code is transmitted using just two states (on and off). Historians have called it the first digital code. Morse code may be represented as a binary code, and that is what telegraph operators do when transmitting messages. Working from the above ITU definition and further defining a bit as a dot time, a Morse code sequence may be made from a combination of the following five-bit"
", but this is also a sequence, of and . Heptagraph A heptagraph is a sequence of seven letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. Heptagraphs are extremely rare. Morse code uses a heptagraph, , for the dollar sign. Most other fixed sequences of seven letters are composed of shorter multigraphs with a predictable result. The seven-letter German sequence , used to transliterate the Russian letter , as in for Russian ""borscht"", is a sequence of a trigraph and a tetragraph . Likewise,"
"Morse code for non-Latin alphabets This is a summary of the use of Morse code to represent alphabets other than Latin. The Greek Morse code alphabet is very similar to the Latin alphabet. It uses one extra letter for Greek letter ""Χ"" and does not use the codes for Latin letters ""J"", ""U"" and ""V"". The ""tonos"" is not transmitted in Morse code; the receiver can simply infer which vowels require one. The ""Greek diphthongs"" presented in the bottom three rows of the table are specified in old Greek Morse-code tables but they are never used in actual communication, the"
"airway, and flash the red or green course lights with the Morse code ID of one of 10 letters: W, U, V, H, R, K, D, B, G or M. The letters represent the digits of 1 through 10 (W = 1, ..., M = 10). The course lights turn on for 0.5 second for a dot, 1.5 second for a dash with a 0.5 second between each dot or dash. A pause of 1.5 seconds separates each letter. To help remember the letters and their sequence number, pilots memorized the following: ""When Undertaking Very Hard Routes, Keep Direction By"
"were also published in ""QST"", Another example occurred in 1966 when prisoner of war Jeremiah Denton, brought on television by his North Vietnamese captors, Morse-blinked the word ""TORTURE"". In these two cases, interpreters were available to understand those series of eye-blinks. International Morse code is composed of five elements: Morse code can be transmitted in a number of ways: originally as electrical pulses along a telegraph wire, but also as an audio tone, a radio signal with short and long tones, or as a mechanical, audible, or visual signal (e.g. a flashing light) using devices like an Aldis lamp or"
"Heptagraph A heptagraph is a sequence of seven letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. Heptagraphs are extremely rare. Morse code uses a heptagraph, , for the dollar sign. Most other fixed sequences of seven letters are composed of shorter multigraphs with a predictable result. The seven-letter German sequence , used to transliterate the Russian letter , as in for Russian ""borscht"", is a sequence of a trigraph and a tetragraph . Likewise, the Juu languages have been claimed to have a heptagraph"
"was later made the standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Morse's original code specification, largely limited to use in the United States and Canada, became known as American Morse code or ""railroad code"". American Morse code is now seldom used except in historical re-enactments. In aviation, pilots use radio navigation aids. To ensure that the stations the pilots are using are serviceable, the stations transmit a set of identification letters (usually a two-to-five-letter version of the station name) in Morse code. Station identification letters are shown on air navigation charts. For example, the VOR-DME based at Vilo Acuña Airport"
"Morse is dah-dah-di-dah, which can be memorized by the phrase ""God save the Queen"", and the Morse for ""F"" is di-di-dah-dit, which can be memorized as ""Did she like it."" A well-known Morse code rhythm from the Second World War period derives from Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the opening phrase of which was regularly played at the beginning of BBC broadcasts. The timing of the notes corresponds to the Morse for ""V"", di-di-di-dah, understood as ""V for Victory"" (as well as the Roman numeral for the number five). Prosigns for Morse code are special (usually) unwritten procedural signals or symbols that"
"and became effective on 1 July 1908. ' remained the maritime radio distress signal until 1999, when it was replaced by the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. ' is still recognized as a standard distress signal that may be used with any signaling method. The distress signal is a continuous sequence of three dots, three dashes, and three dots, with no spaces between the letters (notated by the overscore). In International Morse Code, three dots form the letter ""S"", and three dashes make the letter ""O"", so """"S O S"""" became a way to remember the order of the"
"used by convention, but some prosigns have multiple forms in common use. Many Morse code prosigns do not have written or printed textual character representations in the original source information, even if they do represent characters in other contexts. For example, when embedded in text the Morse code sequence represents the ""double hyphen"" character (normally ""="", but also ""– –""). When the same code appears alone it indicates the action of spacing down two lines on a page in order to create the white space indicating the start of a new paragraph or new section in a message heading. When"
"This code was used since 1844 and became known as ""Morse landline code"" or ""American Morse code"". In the original Morse telegraphs, the receiver's armature made a clicking noise as it moved in and out of position to mark the paper tape. The telegraph operators soon learned that they could translate the clicks directly into dots and dashes, and write these down by hand, thus making the paper tape unnecessary. When Morse code was adapted to radio communication, the dots and dashes were sent as short and long tone pulses. It was later found that people become more proficient at"
"strings: Note that the marks and gaps alternate: dots and dashes are always separated by one of the gaps, and that the gaps are always separated by a dot or a dash. Morse messages are generally transmitted by a hand-operated device such as a telegraph key, so there are variations introduced by the skill of the sender and receiver — more experienced operators can send and receive at faster speeds. In addition, individual operators differ slightly, for example, using slightly longer or shorter dashes or gaps, perhaps only for particular characters. This is called their ""fist"", and experienced operators can"
"which supplanted American Morse. American Morse Code was first used on the Baltimore-Washington telegraph line, a telegraph line constructed between Baltimore, Maryland, and the old Supreme Court chamber in the Capitol building in Washington, D.C. The first public message ""What hath God wrought"" was sent on May 24, 1844, by Morse in Washington to Alfred Vail at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) ""outer depot"" (now the B&O Railroad Museum) in Baltimore. The message is a Bible verse from Numbers 23:23, chosen for Morse by Annie Ellsworth, daughter of the Governor of Connecticut. The original paper tape received by Vail"
"Morse code, but with a few important differences. The first is that it is only transmitted with sound, usually through the stone of underground tunnels, while Morse code can also be used by switching a source of light or electricity on and off. This is because of the code's use of three distinct sounds (a ""click"", a ""scratch"", and a ""tap""), while Morse code differentiates symbols only through the length of transmission. The other main difference from the Overland code is the lack of number symbols. The Tree of Transmission is so named because of one of the humans' ways"
"(ي) and 'alif maksūrah (ى), and it cannot depict an 'alif maddah ( آ ). Satts can also not distinguish between a final seated hamza and a final independent hamza, if the word ends in ""AE"", ""IE"", or ""WE"". The Latin alphabetic letter employed for each Arabic letter in the SATTS system is its Morse-code equivalent. For example, Morse code for the Arabic letter ţā' (ط) is • • — (dit-dit-dah). That same Morse code sequence represents the letter U in the Latin alphabet. Hence the SATTS equivalent for ţā' is U. In the Morse-code era, when Arabic language Morse"
"no key that produces a dash. In consequence, it became common to substitute the nearest available punctuation mark or symbol. Em dashes are often represented in British usage by a single hyphen-minus surrounded by spaces, or in American usage by two hyphen-minuses surrounded by spaces. Modern computer software typically has support for many more characters and is usually capable of rendering both the en and em dashes correctly—albeit sometimes with an inconvenient input method. Some software, though, may operate in a more limited mode. Some text editors, for example, are restricted to working with a single 8-bit character encoding, and"
"into two positions. A message was prepared using the Navy's ""kurzsignale"" encoding method that reduced messages to a short series of four-letter codes, and then encrypted using the Naval Enigma machine. Conventional transmission of the ""kurzsignale"" at this stage would take about 20 seconds, fast enough to defeat conventional radio direction finding, but not huff-duff. The resulting short message was converted into Morse code and entered onto the KZG 44/2, with dots as a single bar and dashes as two. A section of the drum was always pre-set as a series of dots to provide a timing signal. Once the"
"with “We Did it Before and We Can Do it Again” by Robert Merrill playing in the background. Amidst the construction of a secret weapon, a poster of a mouse with a rifle is shown with the bold words “For Victory: Buy Bonds and Stamps.” The mice have built a mechanical dog that chases the cat out of the house. Before he leaves though a mouse skins the cat with an electric razor, but leaves three short dots and a long streak of fur on his back. In Morse code, the letter ""V"" is produced through dot-dot-dot-dash. As depicted in"
"in Baltimore is on display in the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. In its original implementation, the Morse Code specification included the following: Various other companies and countries soon developed their own variations of the original Morse Code. Of special importance was one standard, originally created in Germany by Friedrich Clemens Gerke in 1848, which was simpler—it eliminated the long intra-character spaces and the two long dashes—but also included changes in the sequences for eleven of the letters and most of the numerals. The Gerke code had a distinct advantage for use on undersea telegraph cables. Cables suffer from"