"Course aimed at practitioners who desire more knowledge about hair but do not want to become fully qualified trichologists. This is offered by home-study but also taught in America and Singapore. A Chinese version of this course is available. Registered members of the IAT can use the letters ""IAT"" after their name. Members are controlled by a code of ethics. Trichology Trichology is the branch of dermatology that deals with the scientific study of the health of hair and scalp. Trichologists are hair and scalp specialists (one type of skin specialist) who diagnose the causes of hair fall, hair breakage,"
"Trichiasis Trichiasis ( , ) a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva. This can be caused by infection, inflammation, autoimmune conditions, congenital defects, eyelid agenesis and trauma such as burns or eyelid injury. It is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. Standard treatment involves removal or destruction of the affected eyelashes with electrology, specialized laser, or surgery. In many cases, removal of the affected eyelashes with forceps resolves the symptoms, although the problem often recurs in a few weeks when the eyelashes regrow. Severe cases may"
"necessary for permanent correction. Trichiasis Trichiasis ( , ) a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva. This can be caused by infection, inflammation, autoimmune conditions, congenital defects, eyelid agenesis and trauma such as burns or eyelid injury. It is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. Standard treatment involves removal or destruction of the affected eyelashes with electrology, specialized laser, or surgery. In many cases, removal of the affected eyelashes with forceps resolves the symptoms, although the problem often recurs in a few weeks when the eyelashes"
"Conchology Conchology (from ""konkhos"", ""cockle"") is the study of mollusc shells. Conchology is one aspect of malacology, the study of molluscs; however, malacology is the study of molluscs as whole organisms, whereas conchology is confined to the study of their shells. It includes the study of land and freshwater mollusc shells as well as seashells and extends to the study of a gastropod's operculum. Conchology is now sometimes seen as an archaic study, because relying on only one aspect of an organism's morphology can be misleading. However, a shell often gives at least some insight into molluscan taxonomy, and historically"
"Trichoscopy Trichoscopy is a method of hair and scalp evaluation and is used for diagnosing hair and scalp diseases. The method is based on dermoscopy. In trichoscopy hair and scalp structures may be visualized at many-fold magnification. Currently magnifications ranging from 10-fold to 70-fold are most popular in research and clinical practice. The method was developed by groups of dermatologists directed by: Lidia Rudnicka in Poland, Antonella Tosti and Giuseppe Micali in Italy and Shigeki Inui in Japan. In 2004 Francesco Lacarrubba and coworkers first described videodermoscopic features of alopecia areata (micro-exclamation hairs, yellow hyperkeratotic hair follicle openings, and black"
"psychiatry and the winner of the 2004 Superfest Film Festival Merit Award. Trichster is a documentary that follows seven individuals living with trichotillomania, as they navigate the complicated emotions surrounding the disorder, and the effect it has on their daily lives. The film was released digitally, on iTunes and VHX, on April 18, 2016. Trichotillomania Trichotillomania (TTM), also known as hair pulling disorder, is a mental disorder characterised by a long term urge that results in the pulling out of one's hair. This occurs to such a degree that hair loss can be seen. Efforts to stop pulling hair typically"
"is a primary goal. Since the creation of the ICT, its members (more than 110 from 46 countries) have regularly gathered and worked together during meetings held every four years: the International Conference on Trichinellosis. Trichinosis Trichinosis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the ""Trichinella"" type. During the initial infection, invasion of the intestines can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Migration of larvae to muscle, which occurs about a week after being infected, can cause swelling of the face, inflammation of the whites of the eyes, fever, muscle pains, and a rash. Minor infection may be"
"populations. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite ""Trichomonas vaginalis"". About 70% of women and men do not have symptoms when infected. When symptoms do occur they typically begin 5 to 28 days after exposure. Symptoms can include itching in the genital area, a bad smelling thin vaginal discharge, burning with urination, and pain with sex. Having trichomoniasis increases the risk of getting HIV/AIDS. It may also cause complications during pregnancy. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) which is most often spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also spread through genital touching."
"Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis (trich) is an infectious disease caused by the parasite ""Trichomonas vaginalis"". About 70% of women and men do not have symptoms when infected. When symptoms do occur they typically begin 5 to 28 days after exposure. Symptoms can include itching in the genital area, a bad smelling thin vaginal discharge, burning with urination, and pain with sex. Having trichomoniasis increases the risk of getting HIV/AIDS. It may also cause complications during pregnancy. Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) which is most often spread through vaginal, oral, or anal sex. It can also spread through genital touching. People"
"Trichuriasis Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is an infection by the parasitic worm ""Trichuris trichiura"" (whipworm). If infection is only with a few worms, there are often no symptoms. In those who are infected with many worms, there may be abdominal pain, tiredness and diarrhea. The diarrhea sometimes contains blood. Infections in children may cause poor intellectual and physical development. Low red blood cell levels may occur due to loss of blood. The disease is usually spread when people eat food or drink water that contains the eggs of these worms. This may occur when contaminated vegetables are not"
"founding members: Lidia Rudnicka, Antonella Tosti, Rodrigo Pirmez and Daniel Asz Sigall. Lidia Rudnicka was elected first president of the International Trichoscopy Society. The first World Congress of the Society took place in 2018 in Warsaw, Poland. Trichoscopy Trichoscopy is a method of hair and scalp evaluation and is used for diagnosing hair and scalp diseases. The method is based on dermoscopy. In trichoscopy hair and scalp structures may be visualized at many-fold magnification. Currently magnifications ranging from 10-fold to 70-fold are most popular in research and clinical practice. The method was developed by groups of dermatologists directed by: Lidia"
"trichuriasis worldwide. Also, it is a public health concern that rates of post-treatment re-infection need to be determined and addressed to diminish the incidence of untreated re-infection. Lastly, with mass drug administration strategies and improved diagnosis and prompt treatment, detection of an emergence of antihelminthic drug resistance should be examined. Mass Drug Administration (preventative chemotherapy) has had a positive effect on the disease burden of trichuriasis in East and West Africa, especially among children, who are at highest risk for infection. Infection can be avoided by proper disposal of human feces, avoiding fecal contamination of food, not eating dirt, and"
"nor the female has much of a visible tail past the anus. Whipworm commonly infects patients also infected with ""Giardia"", ""Entamoeba histolytica"", ""Ascaris lumbricoides"", and hookworms. There is a worldwide distribution of ""Trichuris trichiura"", with an estimated 1 billion human infections. However, it is chiefly tropical, especially in Asia and, to a lesser degree, in Africa and South America. Within the United States, infection is rare overall but may be common in the rural Southeast, where 2.2 million people are thought to be infected. Poor hygiene is associated with trichuriasis as well as the consumption of shaded moist soil, or"
"a large effect on the economy of many countries. Work is ongoing to develop a vaccine against the disease. Trichuriasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Light infestations (<100 worms) frequently have no symptoms. Heavier infestations, especially in small children, can present gastrointestinal problems including abdominal pain and distension, bloody or mucus-filled diarrhea, and tenesmus (feeling of incomplete defecation, generally accompanied by involuntary straining). Mechanical damage to the intestinal mucosa may occur, as well as toxic or inflammatory damage to the intestines of the host. While appendicitis may be brought on by damage and edema of the adjacent tissue,"
"was shown that this method is especially helpful in diagnosing monilethrix, Netherton syndrome and other pediatric diseases. In 2008 the first atlas containing trichoscopy images was published by Antonella Tosti. The term ""trichoscopy"" was first introduced in 2006 by Lidia Rudnicka and Malgorzata Olszewska. In 2011 Shigeki Inui published a trichoscopy algorithm, which allows differential diagnosis of most common hair and scalp diseases (including alopecia areata, androgenic alopecia, telogen effluvium and cicatricial alopecia) based on trichoscopy. The ""Atlas of Trichoscopy""(2013) is the first book to systematize scientific knowledge about trichoscopy. In 2017 the International Trichoscopy Society was founded by four"
"Arthropodology Arthropodology (from Greek - ""arthron"", ""joint"", and , ""gen"".: - ""pous"", ""podos"", ""foot"", which together mean ""jointed feet"") is a biological discipline concerned with the study of arthropods, a phylum of animals that include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others that are characterized by the possession of jointed limbs. This field is very important in medicine, studied together with parasitology. Medical arthropodology is the study of the parasitic effect of arthropods, not only as parasites but also as vectors. The first annual "" Conference on Medical Arthropodology"" was held in Madurai (Tamil Nadu) in 2007. Subfields of arthropodology are"
"Arthropodology Arthropodology (from Greek - ""arthron"", ""joint"", and , ""gen"".: - ""pous"", ""podos"", ""foot"", which together mean ""jointed feet"") is a biological discipline concerned with the study of arthropods, a phylum of animals that include the insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others that are characterized by the possession of jointed limbs. This field is very important in medicine, studied together with parasitology. Medical arthropodology is the study of the parasitic effect of arthropods, not only as parasites but also as vectors. The first annual "" Conference on Medical Arthropodology"" was held in Madurai (Tamil Nadu) in 2007. Subfields of arthropodology are"
"Tropical medicine Tropical medicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that deals with health issues that occur uniquely, are more widespread, or are more difficult to control in tropical and subtropical regions. Physicians in this field diagnose and treat a variety of diseases and ailments. Most infections they deal with are endemic to the tropics. A few of the most well-known include malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. They must be knowledgeable in the 18 lesser known neglected tropical diseases, which include Chagas disease, rabies, and dengue. Poor living conditions in underdeveloped tropical countries have led to a rising number of non-communicable"
"Mycology Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study of plant diseases, and the two disciplines remain closely related because the vast majority of plant pathogens are fungi. Historically, mycology was a branch of botany because, although fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than"
"keloid. Another observation by Rudnicka and her co-workers, which may be potentially beneficial as far as managing systemic sclerosis is concerned, was abnormally high expression of prolactin in peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from patients A second field of research of Rudnicka is related to hair and scalp disorders. She made a major contribution to development of hair and scalp dermoscopy (trichoscopy) and was the first to coin the term trichoscopy. Her and her co-workers’ studies on genetic hair disorders showed that it is possible to diagnose genetic hair shaft abnormalities in children without the need of pulling hairs for microscopic"
"Trichinella Trichinella is the genus of parasitic roundworms of the phylum Nematoda that cause trichinosis (also known as trichinellosis). Members of this genus are often called trichinella or trichina worms. A characteristic of Nematoda is the one-way digestive tract, with a pseudocoelom (body cavity made up of only an ectoderm and endoderm). The genus was first recognised in a larval form in 1835. The L1 larvae live in a modified skeletal muscle cell. The adult worms occupy a membrane-bound portion of columnar epithelium, living as intramulticellular parasites. Infections with this genus have been reported from more than 150 different naturally"
"Tricholoma Tricholoma is a genus of fungus that contains a large number of fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees. The generic name derives from the Greek ""trichos"" (τριχος) meaning ""hair"" and ""loma"" (λωμα) meaning ""fringe"" or ""border"", although only a few species (such as ""T. vaccinum"") have shaggy caps which fit this description. Some well-known species are the East Asian ""Tricholoma matsutake"", also known as ""matsutake"" or ""songi"", and the North American species ""Tricholoma magnivelare"", also"
"Trichomegaly Trichomegaly is a congenital condition in which the eyelashes are abnormally long, greater than 12mm in the central area and 8mm in the peripheral. The term was first used by H. Gray in 1944 in a publication in the Stanford Medical Bulletin, though he was only the third person to characterize the disorder; the first two reports were published in German in 1926 and 1931 by Reiter and Bab, respectively. Gray suggested the use of the term ""movie lashes"" to describe this condition, for long lashes were at the time being portrayed in film as a desirable characteristic in"
"Trichogramma Trichogramma is a genus of minute polyphagous wasps that are endoparasitoids of insect eggs. ""Trichogramma"" is one of around 80 genera from the family Trichogrammatidae, with over 200 species worldwide. Although several groups of egg parasitoids are commonly employed for biological control throughout the world, ""Trichogramma"" spp. have been the most extensively studied. More than a thousand papers have been published on ""Trichogramma"" species, and they are the most used biological control agents in the world. ""Trichogramma"" spp. are unique in approaching the size limit of how small an insect can be, which would be determined by how few"
"Trichophagia Trichophagia () is the compulsive eating of hair associated with trichotillomania (hair pulling). In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme (and rare) cases this can lead to a hair ball (trichobezoar). Trichophagia is characterized by the person eating hair, usually their own; primarily after pulling it out. Most often, hair is pulled out and then the ends of the root bulb are eaten, or occasionally the hair shaft itself. The hair eventually collects in the gastrointestinal tract (on occasion, and depending upon severity of symptoms) causing indigestion and stomach pain. Ritual is"
"Trichophyton ""Trichophyton"" is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia. Macroconidia are mostly borne laterally directly on the hyphae or on short pedicels, and are thin- or thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, and range from 4 to 8 by 8 to 50 μm in size. Macroconidia are few or absent in many species. Microconidia are spherical, pyriform to clavate or of irregular shape, and range from"
"spread. Trichophyton ""Trichophyton"" is a genus of fungi, which includes the parasitic varieties that cause tinea, including athlete's foot, ringworm, jock itch, and similar infections of the nail, beard, skin and scalp. Trichophyton fungi are molds characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia. Macroconidia are mostly borne laterally directly on the hyphae or on short pedicels, and are thin- or thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, and range from 4 to 8 by 8 to 50 μm in size. Macroconidia are few or absent in many species. Microconidia are spherical, pyriform to clavate or of irregular shape, and range"
"literature only ""as a rare symptom of trichotillomania."" In the 18th century French doctor M. Baudamant described the condition in a 16-year-old boy. Trichophagia is mentioned in the ""1000 Ways to Die"" episode ""Stupid Is As Stupid Dies"" featuring a young woman who died from it. It is also mentioned in ""Grey's Anatomy"" season 9 episode 11 ""The End Is the Beginning Is the End"". Trichophagia Trichophagia () is the compulsive eating of hair associated with trichotillomania (hair pulling). In trichophagia, people with trichotillomania also ingest the hair that they pull; in extreme (and rare) cases this can lead to"
"(UV) light, and that certain fungi may be a future source of taxol. To date, penicillin, lovastatin, ciclosporin, griseofulvin, cephalosporin and LSD-25 are the most famous drugs that have been isolated from the fifth kingdom of life. Mycology Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection. A biologist specializing in mycology is called a mycologist. Mycology branches into the field of phytopathology, the study"
"Medical anthropology Medical anthropology studies ""human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation"". It views humans from multidimensional and ecological perspectives. It is one of the most highly developed areas of anthropology and applied anthropology, and is a subfield of social and cultural anthropology that examines the ways in which culture and society are organized around or influenced by issues of health, health care and related issues. The term ""medical anthropology"" has been used since 1963 as a label for empirical research and theoretical production by anthropologists into the social processes and cultural representations of health, illness and"
"Trichothecene Trichothecenes are a very large family of chemically related mycotoxins produced by various species of ""Fusarium"", ""Myrothecium"", ""Trichoderma"", ""Trichothecium"", ""Cephalosporium"", ""Verticimonosporium"", and ""Stachybotrys"". Trichothecenes belong to sesquiterpene compounds. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are: the 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxyl or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain. They are produced on many different grains like wheat, oats or maize by various ""Fusarium"" species such as ""F. graminearum"", ""F. sporotrichioides"", ""F. poae"" and ""F. equiseti"". Some molds that produce trichothecene mycotoxins, such"
"Other species in this genus include ""Trichuris cynocephalus"", ""Trichuris discolor"", ""Trichuris laevitestis"",""Trichuris pardinasi"", ""Trichuris navonae"",""Trichuris ovis"", ""Trichuris rhinopithecus"", ""Trichuris thrichomysi"", and ""Trichuris travassosi"". Trichurias is a soil-transmitted helminthias and belongs to the group of neglected tropical diseases, affecting about 604 million people globally. Researchers are currently facing difficulties completely differentiating the numerous species under the genus ""Trichuris"". When different whipworm species were discovered, the main factor used to differentiate species was the length of the spicule sheath. However, many species were eventually discovered to have similar spicule sheath lengths. Therefore, researchers began to compare other morphologies, such as the structure"
"Malacology Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, octopus and squid, and numerous other kinds, many of which have shells. One division of malacology, conchology, is devoted to the study of mollusk shells. Malacology derives from Greek , ""malakos"", ""soft""; and , ""-logia"". Fields within malacological research include taxonomy, ecology and evolution. Applied malacology studies medical, veterinary, and agricultural applications, for example mollusks as vectors of disease, as in schistosomiasis."