"west of modern St Albans, now covered by the village of St Michael's, Verulamium Park and the Gorhambury Estate. It is believed that the tribal capital was moved to the site by Tasciovanus (around 25 to 5 BC). Cunobelinus may have constructed Beech Bottom Dyke, a defensive earthwork near the settlement whose significance is uncertain. The Roman city of Verulamium, the second-largest town in Roman Britain after Londinium, developed from the Celtic settlement and was granted the rank of ""municipium"" around AD 50, meaning that its citizens had what were known as ""Latin Rights"", a lesser citizenship status than a"
"rebuilt. Its forum and basilica were completed in 79 or 81, and were dedicated in an inscription by the governor, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, to the emperor Titus. Its theatre, the first Roman theatre in Britain, was built ca 140. An inscription records that the ""civitas"" of the Catuvellauni were involved in the reconstruction of Hadrian's Wall, probably in the time of Septimius Severus in the early 3rd century. Saint Alban, the first British Christian martyr, was a citizen of Verulamium in the late 3rd or early 4th century, and was killed there. The city took its modern name from him."
"in Britain is found on the remnants of the forum (see Verulamium Forum inscription). The town was rebuilt in stone rather than timber at least twice over the next 150 years. Occupation by the Romans ended between 400 and 450. There are a few remains of the Roman city visible, such as parts of the city walls, a hypocaust still in situ under a mosaic floor, and the theatre, as well as items in the Museum (below). More remains under the nearby agricultural land which have never been excavated were for a while seriously threatened by deep ploughing. Verulamium is"
"275. Verulamium contained a forum, basilica and a theatre, much of which were damaged during two fires, one in 155 and the other in around 250. One of the few extant Roman inscriptions in Britain is found on the remnants of the forum (see Verulamium Forum inscription). The town was rebuilt in stone rather than timber at least twice over the next 150 years. The city is named after St Alban, who is thought to have lived in the town and to have been martyred in either the third or fourth century AD. He was probably buried outside the city"
"the name has been reconstructed as *""Uerulāmion"", which would have a meaning like ""[the tribe or settlement] of the broad hand"" (""Uerulāmos"") in Brittonic. In this pre-Roman form, it was among the first places in Britain recorded by name. The settlement was established by Tasciovanus, who minted coins there. The Roman settlement was granted the rank of ""municipium"" around AD 50, meaning its citizens had what were known as ""Latin Rights"", a lesser citizenship status than a ""colonia"" possessed. It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of Boudica of the Iceni in 61, when Verulamium"
"Verlamion Verlamion, or Verlamio, was a settlement in Iron Age Britain. It was the centre of Tasciovanus' power and a major center of the Catuvellauni from about 20 BC until shortly after the Roman invasion of AD 43. Its location was on Prae Hill, 2 km to the west of modern St Albans. The etymology is uncertain: perhaps the name means ""settlement above the marsh"", or ""[settlement of] Uerulamos [Broad-Hand]"" in Brittonic. The elements *wer- and *lamā- meant ""high"" and ""hand"" respectively in Common Brittonic (*-i- is adjectival, denoting a place, and *-on is the usual o-stem neuter suffix). An"
"to be inflicted upon the priest, unless he renounced Christianity. Alban refused and was taken for execution. In later legends, his head rolled downhill after execution and a well sprang up where it stopped. There was an Iron Age settlement known as Verulamium, Verlamion, or Verlamio, near the site of the present city, the centre of Tasciovanus' power and a major centre of the Catuvellauni from about 20 BC until shortly after the Roman invasion of AD 43. The name ""Verulamium"" is Celtic, meaning ""settlement over or by the marsh"". The town was on Prae Hill, 2 km to the"
"was sacked and burnt on her orders: a black ash layer has been recorded by archaeologists, thus confirming the Roman written record. It grew steadily; by the early 3rd century, it covered an area of about , behind a deep ditch and wall. It is the location of the martyrdom of the first British martyr saint, Saint Alban, who was a Roman patrician converted by the priest Amphibalus. Verulamium contained a forum, basilica and a theatre, much of which were damaged during two fires, one in 155 and the other in around 250. One of the few extant Roman inscriptions"
"his brief historical account he describes the persecution of Christians in Britain,which he identifies as part of the persecution of Diocletian, adding at the end of a passage about ""their graves and the places where they suffered"": ""I refer to Saint Alban of Verulam (""Verolamiensem""), Aaron and Iulius, citizens of Caerleon (""Legionum Urbis"") and others of both sexes, who in different places, displayed the highest spirit in the battle-line of Christ"". (""De Excidio"" 10) The ""Verulamium"" location is supported by the fact that the topography of the ""Passio"" can be broadly, if not quite exactly, matched to that of ""Verulamium"","
"Venta Silurum Venta Silurum was a town in the Roman province of ""Britannia"" or Britain. Today it consists of remains in the village of Caerwent in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. Much of it has been archaeologically excavated and is on display to the public. Venta was established by the Romans in AD 75 as an administrative centre for the defeated Silures tribe in Roman Wales. Venta Silurum seems to mean ""Market town of the Silures"" (cf. Venta Belgarum and Venta Icenorum). This is confirmed by inscriptions on the ""Civitas Silurum"" stone, now on display in the parish church. The town,"
"the original A-text), who may have come from Gloucester, taking part in the Battle of Dyrham in 577, when the city was conquered by the Anglo-Saxons. http://www.glosarch.org.uk/Gloucestercityresearch.html#GLEVUM Glevum Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally ""Glouvia"") was a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a ""colonia"" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, located in the English county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile ""Glevum Way"", a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester. Glevum was established around"
"Luguvalium Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. The Romans called the settlement at what is today Carlisle . This was originally thought to mean ""wall[ed town] of Lugus"" but has since been explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as *Luguwalion, meaning ""[city] of Luguwalos"", Luguwalos being a masculine Celtic given name meaning ""strength of Lugus"". The name apparently continued in use among Brythonic speakers in the Hen Ogledd and Wales and it was during that time"
"other Romano-British tribal capitals. In 2010 a programme of archaeological work was carried out, by Monmouth Archaeology, as part of the construction of a new garage, at Museum Cottage. A number of finds were made. Venta Silurum Venta Silurum was a town in the Roman province of ""Britannia"" or Britain. Today it consists of remains in the village of Caerwent in Monmouthshire, south east Wales. Much of it has been archaeologically excavated and is on display to the public. Venta was established by the Romans in AD 75 as an administrative centre for the defeated Silures tribe in Roman Wales."
"Eboracum Eboracum (Latin /ebo'rakum/, English or ) was a fort and city in the Roman province of Britannia. In its prime it was the largest town in northern Britain and a provincial capital. The site remained occupied after the decline of the Roman Empire and ultimately evolved into the present-day city York, occupying the same site in North Yorkshire, England. Two Roman emperors died in Eboracum: Septimius Severus in 211 AD, and Constantius Chlorus in 306 AD. The first known recorded mention of Eboracum by name is dated and is an address containing the genitive form of the settlement's name,"
"Virunum Claudium Virunum was a Roman city in the province of Noricum, on today's Zollfeld in the Austrian State of Carinthia. Virunum may also have been the name of the older Celtic-Roman settlement on the hilltop of Magdalensberg nearby. Virunum (Virunensis) is today a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Municipium Claudium Virunum, or simply, Virunum, was founded under Emperor Claudius as the capital of the province of Noricum succeeding the town upon the hilltop of Magdalensberg, perhaps also taking its name from that settlement, which is widely believed to have been the royal capital city of the pre-Roman"
"a Christian. Alban was converted by him to Christianity, and by virtue of his death, Alban became the first British Christian martyr. Since much of the modern city and its environs is built over Roman remains, it is still common to unearth Roman artefacts several miles away. A complete tile kiln was found in Park Street some six miles (10 km) from Verulamium in the 1970s, and there is a Roman mausoleum near Rothamsted Park five miles (8 km) away. Within the walls of ancient ""Verulamium"", the Elizabethan philosopher, essayist and statesman Sir Francis Bacon built a ""refined small house"""
"EST UBI SALA STETIT – PENETRARE VIATOR"" (""This is the Place where Sala once was. Wanderer, step inside""). Other Virunum stones integrated are Virunum Claudium Virunum was a Roman city in the province of Noricum, on today's Zollfeld in the Austrian State of Carinthia. Virunum may also have been the name of the older Celtic-Roman settlement on the hilltop of Magdalensberg nearby. Virunum (Virunensis) is today a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. Municipium Claudium Virunum, or simply, Virunum, was founded under Emperor Claudius as the capital of the province of Noricum succeeding the town upon the hilltop of"
"Viroconium Cornoviorum Viroconium or Uriconium, formally Viroconium Cornoviorum, was a Roman town, one corner of which is now occupied by Wroxeter, a small village in Shropshire, England, about east-south-east of Shrewsbury. At its peak, Viroconium is estimated to have been the 4th-largest Roman settlement in Britain, a ""civitas"" with a population of more than 15,000. The settlement probably lasted until the end of the 7th century or the beginning of the 8th. Extensive remains can still be seen. ""Viroconium"" is a Latinised form of a toponym that was reconstructed as Common Brittonic *Uiroconion ""[city] of *Uirokū"". *Uirokū ( ""man-wolf"") is"
"museums: Verulamium Museum, which tells the story of everyday life in Roman Britain using objects from the excavations of the important Roman Town; and the Museum of St Albans, which focuses on the history of the town and of Saint Alban. The Watercress nature reserve is by the River Ver and is run by the Watercress Wildlife Association. St Albans Museums and Galleries Trust, in partnership with St Albans Museums and the University of Hertfordshire, have launched a project, ""Renaissance: St Albans"", to convert the old town hall into a museum and art gallery, combining the university's Margaret Harvey Gallery"
"houses, workshops, storehouses and cemeteries. The Roman city is mentioned in Robert Heinlein's novel ""Have Space Suit—Will Travel"". It also features in """" as the base of a fictional group of Roman families who stayed on after the evacuation by Rome of Britannia. The Roman City is the location for Semper Fidelus, a detective novel by Ruth Downie, part of her Medicus series. Eboracum also appears in the video game as a provincial capital. Eboracum Eboracum (Latin /ebo'rakum/, English or ) was a fort and city in the Roman province of Britannia. In its prime it was the largest town"
"the predecessor of the later Roman city of Verulamium. Devil's Dyke, Hertfordshire Devil's Dyke is the remains of a prehistoric defensive ditch which lies at the east side of the village of Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire, England. It is protected as a Scheduled Monument. It is generally agreed to have been part of the defences of an Iron Age settlement belonging to the Catuvellauni tribe of Ancient Britain. It has possible associations with Julius Caesar's second invasion of Britain (54 BC). Historic England refers to the Devil's Dyke as being part of a much larger site. Other sources are more specific as"
"for about thirty years, conquering such a large area of Britain that the Roman writer Suetonius called him ""Britannorum Rex"" ( ""King of Britain""). He built Beech Bottom Dyke, a defensive earthwork, at St Albans, which may be related to another Iron Age defensive earthwork, the Devil's Dyke, at Cassivellaunus' headquarters in nearby Wheathampstead. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni again in July 43 CE and this time, garrisoned Britain. When the Romans took over, their settlement, laid out in 49 CE, became known as Verulamium. Alban, a Roman army officer who became Britain's first Christian martyr after his arrest at"
"""colonia"" possessed. It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of Boudica of the Iceni in 61, when Verulamium was sacked and burnt on her orders: archaeologists have recorded a black ash layer, thus confirming the Roman written record. It grew steadily; by the early 3rd century, it covered an area of about , behind a deep ditch and wall. Verulamium contained a forum, basilica and a theatre, much of which were damaged during two fires, one in 155 and the other in around 250. One of the few extant Roman inscriptions in Britain is found"
"Verulam School Verulam School is a state secondary school for boys with academy status in St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK. It was founded in 1938 and was originally named St Albans Boys' Modern School. The name was changed in the 1940s to St Albans Grammar School for Boys and subsequently, following its change of status to a comprehensive in 1975, to Verulam School. The Headmaster is currently Paul Ramsey. He came to the school from Watford Grammar School as Head of English in January 2000, became Deputy Head and subsequently Acting Headmaster on the resignation of Mr David Kellaway in December"
"The inscription can be dated either to AD 79, the year Vespasian died (he would not have been referred to as ""divus"" until after his death) and Titus had his seventh consulship, or to AD 81 (by altering the various numerals). The reference to his brother Domitian was defaced, as were most inscriptions referring to him, after ""damnatio memoriae"" was pronounced on him in 96. The inscription has been published as: Verulamium Forum inscription The Verulamium Forum Inscription (tentatively dated to AD 79, during the reign of the emperor Titus) is one of the many Roman inscriptions in Britain. It"
"was 140,664, up 9% on the 2001 population of 129,005. The city today shows evidence of building and excavation from all periods of its history. There are a few remains of the Roman city visible, such as parts of the city walls, a hypocaust still in situ under a mosaic floor, and the Roman Theatre, which is on land belonging to the Earl of Verulam, as well as items in the Verulamium Museum. More remains under the nearby agricultural land which have never been excavated were for a while seriously threatened by deep ploughing. Extant medieval buildings include the Abbey"
"of school. Verulam School Verulam School is a state secondary school for boys with academy status in St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK. It was founded in 1938 and was originally named St Albans Boys' Modern School. The name was changed in the 1940s to St Albans Grammar School for Boys and subsequently, following its change of status to a comprehensive in 1975, to Verulam School. The Headmaster is currently Paul Ramsey. He came to the school from Watford Grammar School as Head of English in January 2000, became Deputy Head and subsequently Acting Headmaster on the resignation of Mr David Kellaway"
"impressive fountain, presumably fed by a still-functioning aqueduct. The place was under the control of a """". Luguvalium Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. The Romans called the settlement at what is today Carlisle . This was originally thought to mean ""wall[ed town] of Lugus"" but has since been explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as *Luguwalion, meaning ""[city] of Luguwalos"", Luguwalos being a masculine Celtic given name meaning ""strength of Lugus"". The name apparently continued"
"Earl of Verulam Earl of Verulam is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1815 for James Grimston, 4th Viscount Grimston. He was made Viscount Grimston at the same time. Verulam had previously represented St Albans (Roman Verulamium) in the House of Commons. In 1808 he had also succeeded his maternal cousin as tenth Lord Forrester. He was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. He was a Tory politician and held minor office in the first two governments of the Earl of Derby. His son, the third Earl, represented St Albans in Parliament"
"Verulamium, where Alban was condemned to die. Bearing in mind that, in sending the first missionaries to Britain, Pope Gregory had instructed them to build churches on important pagan sites, this can hardly be a coincidence. The first churches were likely to have been simple timber structures. The town of St Albans grew around these establishments. Ulsinus diverted Watling Street, which linked St Stephen’s and St Michael’s, in order to bring traffic through the town centre (the abbey owned the market rights and also charged tolls). This brought traffic up Holywell Hill, which is named after a medieval holy well,"
"at the same time as that of Saint Alban the first British martyr, who was killed in the Roman city of Verulamium (beside modern-day St Albans). He writes: This city of the legions is identified with Caerleon, rather than Chester, because there were two medieval chapels there dedicated to each of these martyrs. They were probably executed in 304, during the religious persecutions of Diocletian's reign. However, these chapels may have been founded as a result of Bede's writings and cannot be dated archaeologically any earlier than the church of St John's in Chester which is also situated next to"
"Noviomagus Reginorum Noviomagus Reginorum was the Roman town which is today called Chichester, situated in the modern English county of West Sussex. The name of the town is given as ""Noviomagus"" in Ptolemy and ""Navimago"" in the Ravenna cosmography. This is believed to be a Latinization of a Brittonic placename meaning ""new plain"" or ""new fields"", in other words a clearing in woodland. Its epithet is drawn from the name of the inhabitants — reconstructed variously as Reginorum, Regnorum, Regnentium, Regnensium or Regentium— in order to distinguish it from other places with the same name, notably Noviomagus in Kent. The"
"entrance to the forum and basilica of Verulamium. The inscription is notable because it mentions Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor of Britain from AD 77-84, who is otherwise known from a biography written by his son in law Tacitus. The inscription was reconstructed by Professor Sheppard Frere to read as follows: [IMP TITO CAESARI DIVI] VESPA[SIANI] F VES[PASIANO AUG]<br> [P M TR P VIIII IMP XV COS VII] DESI[G VIII CENSORI PATRI PATRIAE]<br> [ [ ET CAESARI DIVI VESPASIANI F DOMITIANO COS VI DESIG VII PRINCIPI ] ]<br> [ [ IVVENTVTIS ET OMNIVM COLLEGIORVM SACERDOTI ] ]<br> [CN IVLIO"