"present day among the Yazidi people of northern Iraq, who have a religious prohibition against eating the plant. Lettuce Lettuce (""Lactuca sativa"") is an annual plant of the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds of food, such as soups, sandwiches and wraps; it can also be grilled. One variety, the "" (), or asparagus lettuce (celtuce), is grown for its stems, which are eaten either raw or cooked. In addition to its"
"Lathyrus sativus Lathyrus sativus, also known as grass pea, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch, is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas that are prone to drought and famine, and is thought of as an 'insurance crop' as it produces reliable yields when all other crops fail. The seeds contain a neurotoxin that causes a neurodegenerative disease when the seeds are consumed as a primary protein source for a prolonged period. ""Lathyrus sativus"""
"Eruca sativa Arugula or rocket (""Eruca sativa""; syns. ""E. vesicaria"" subsp. ""sativa"" (Miller) Thell., ""Brassica eruca"" L.) is an edible annual plant in the family Brassicaceae used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh peppery flavor. Other common names include garden rocket, (British, Australian, South African, Irish and New Zealand English), and eruca. Some additional names are ""rocket salad"", ""rucola"", ""rucoli"", ""rugula"", ""colewort"", and ""roquette"". ""Eruca sativa"", which is widely popular as a salad vegetable, is a species of ""Eruca"" native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal in the west to Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey in the east."
"Opuntia ficus-indica Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) is a species of cactus that has long been a domesticated crop plant grown in agricultural economies throughout arid and semiarid parts of the world. Likely having origin in Mexico, ""O. ficus-indica"" is the most widespread and most commercially important cactus. Common English names for the plant and its fruit are Indian fig opuntia, Barbary fig, cactus pear, and spineless cactus, among many. In Mexican Spanish, the plant is called nopal, while the fruit is called tuna, names that may be used in American English as culinary terms. Fig opuntia is grown primarily as"
"Northern India as a food crop, and in English texts it may be called by its Hindi name bathua or bathuwa (बथुआ) (Marathi:चाकवत). It is called ""pappukura"" in Telugu, ""paruppukkirai"" in Tamil, ""kaduoma"" in Kannada, ""vastuccira"" in Malayalam, and ""chakvit"" in Konkani. Its native range is obscure due to extensive cultivation, but includes most of Europe, from where Linnaeus described the species in 1753. Plants native in eastern Asia are included under ""C. album"", but often differ from European specimens. It is widely naturalised elsewhere, e.g. Africa, Australasia, North America, and Oceania, and now occurs almost everywhere (even, apparently in"
"Celtuce Celtuce () (""Lactuca sativa"" var. ""augustana"", ""angustata"", or ""asparagina""), also called stem lettuce, celery lettuce, asparagus lettuce, or Chinese lettuce, is a cultivar of lettuce grown primarily for its thick stem or its leaves. It is used as a vegetable and is especially popular in both mainland China and Taiwan, where the stem is interchangeably called qingsun () or wosun (). Prepared separately, the leaves are called (). The pale green leaves, which are tender, and white stems, can be eaten raw (in salads) or cooked. It can be pickled, grilled, roasted, or stir-fried. It is mild but nutty,"
"of ""L. sativus"" that produce less ODAP. Crop wild relatives are prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve cultivars. ICARDA is currently evaluating crop wild relatives to explore the genes with low or no ODAP and resistant/tolerant to biotic/abiotic stresses and transfer them to cultivated grass pea. Lathyrus sativus Lathyrus sativus, also known as grass pea, blue sweet pea, chickling pea, chickling vetch, Indian pea, white pea and white vetch, is a legume (family Fabaceae) commonly grown for human consumption and livestock feed in Asia and East Africa. It is a particularly important crop in areas"
"Cassava Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, yuca, macaxeira, mandioca, aipim and Brazilian arrowroot, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Spanish and in the United States, it differs from yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fried, granular form is named ""garri"". Cassava is the third-largest"
"Vigna luteola Vigna luteola, commonly known as the hairy cowpea, is a perennial vine found in many tropical areas. ""Vigna luteola"" is widely known in North America by the common names hairy cowpea or hairypod cowpea. This common name is derived from the Chickasaw waakimbala, which translates literally to ""cow bean"". The vine also has a variety of other common names in South America and the Caribbean. In Cuba the plant is known as frijol cimarrón, Spanish for ""wild bean"", in Venezuela the plant is known as bajuco marullero, and in the Bahamas the plant is known as yellow vigna."
"Lactucarium Lactucarium is the milky fluid secreted by several species of lettuce, especially ""Lactuca virosa"", usually from the base of the stems. It is known as lettuce opium because of its putative sedative and analgesic properties. It has also been reported to promote a mild sensation of euphoria. Because it is a latex, lactucarium physically resembles opium, in that it is excreted as a white fluid and can be reduced to a thick smokable solid. ""Lettuce opium"" was used by the ancient Egyptians, and was introduced as a drug in the United States as early as 1799. The drug was"
"Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 ""Species Plantarum"". Since that time, a number of synonyms have published: There are at least four generally accepted subspecies: Vicia sativa Vicia sativa, known as the common vetch, garden vetch, tare or simply vetch, is a nitrogen-fixing leguminous plant in the family Fabaceae. Although considered a weed when found growing in a cultivated grainfield, this hardy plant is often grown as green manure or livestock fodder. ""Vicia sativa"" is a sprawling annual herb, with hollow, four-sided, hairless to sparsely hairy stems which can reach two meters in maximum length. The leaves are stipulate, alternate and"
"Castanea sativa Castanea sativa, or sweet chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times. The tree is commonly called the ""chestnut"", or ""sweet chestnut"" to distinguish it from the horse chestnut ""Aesculus hippocastanum"", to which it is only distantly related. Other common names include ""Spanish chestnut"", ""Portuguese chestnut"" and ""marron"" (French for ""chestnut""). The Latin ""sativa"" means ""cultivated by humans"". Some selected"
"with the following: Refer to for the most current information and details. Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin"
"that the plants obtained the common name, ""sow thistle"", as they were fed to lactating sows in the belief that milk production would increase. Sow thistles are known as ""milk thistles"" in some regions, although true milk thistles belong to the genus ""Silybum"". Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for rabbits, hence the other common names of ""hare thistle"" or ""hare lettuce"". They are also edible to humans as a leaf vegetable; old leaves and stalks can be bitter but young leaves have a flavour similar to lettuce. Going by the name ""puha"" or ""rareke"" (""raraki"") it is"
"specific epithet ""lutea"" means “yellow”. The plant is popular with hummingbirds. It is cultivated as an ornamental, but in cold temperate regions it requires protection from temperatures below . It has won the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Pachystachys lutea Pachystachys lutea, known by the common names lollipop plant and golden shrimp plant, is a subtropical, soft-stemmed evergreen shrub between 36 and 48 inches (90 and 120 cm) tall. The zygomorphic, long-throated, short-lived white flowers emerge sequentially from overlapping bright yellow bracts on racemes that are produced throughout the warm months. It is a popular landscape plant in"
"that it increased sexual potency. In contrast, the ancient Greeks connected the plant with male impotency, and served it during funerals (probably due to its role in the myth of Adonis' death), and British women in the 19th century believed it would cause infertility and sterility. Lettuce has mild narcotic properties; it was called ""sleepwort"" by the Anglo-Saxons because of this attribute, although the cultivated ""L. sativa"" has lower levels of the narcotic than its wild cousins. This narcotic effect is a property of two sesquiterpene lactones which are found in the white liquid (latex) in the stems of lettuce,"
"Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round"
"Lavandula Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to the Old World and is found from Cape Verde and the Canary Islands, Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, southwest Asia, China (""Plectranthus mona lavender"") to southeast India. Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, for use as culinary herbs, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. The most widely cultivated species, ""Lavandula angustifolia"", is often referred to as"
"may be called ""ilipta"", ""tocra"" or ""mambe"" depending on its composition. Many of these materials are salty in flavor, but there are variations. The most common base in the La Paz area of Bolivia is a product known as ""lejía dulce"" (""sweet lye""), which is made from quinoa ashes mixed with aniseed and cane sugar, forming a soft black putty with a sweet and pleasing flavor. In some places, baking soda is used under the name ""bico"". In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, on the Caribbean Coast of Colombia, coca is consumed by the Kogi, Arhuaco, and Wiwa by"
"first officially described by Carolus Linnaeus in his 1753 work ""Species Plantarum"". It has acquired several synonyms in its taxonomic history: Several species from other genera (""Anethum"", ""Elaphoboscum"", ""Peucedanum"", ""Selinum"") are likewise synonymous with the name ""Pastinaca sativa"". Like most plants of agricultural importance, several subspecies and varieties of ""P. sativa"" have been described, but these are mostly no longer recognized as independent taxa, but rather, morphological variations of the same taxon. In Eurasia, some authorities distinguish between cultivated and wild versions of parsnips by using subspecies ""P. s."" ""sylvestris"" for the latter, or even elevating it to species status"
"Sagittaria latifolia Sagittaria latifolia is a plant found in shallow wetlands and is sometimes known as broadleaf arrowhead, duck-potato, Indian potato, or wapato. This plant produces edible tubers that were extensively used by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. ""Sagittaria latifolia"" is a variably sized (2 to 20 meters in length) perennial growing in colonies that can cover large amounts of ground. The roots are white and thin, producing white tubers covered with a purplish skin a good distance (0.3 to 1 m long, 0.15 to 0.6 meter deep) from the mother plant. It is green and white. The plant"
"popular plant also known as large apple mint, foxtail mint, hairy mint, woolly mint or, simply, Cuban mint. In Puerto Rico a close relative of traditional culinary savory, ""Satureja viminea"", is sometimes used. Yerba buena Yerba buena or hierba buena is the Spanish name for a number of aromatic plants, most of which belong to the mint family. ""Yerba buena"" translates as ""good herb"". The specific plant species regarded as ""yerba buena"" varies from region to region, depending on what grows wild in the surrounding landscape, or which species is customarily grown in local gardens. Perhaps the most common variation"
"also susceptible to nematode infestation. A pungent, leafy green vegetable resembling a longer-leaved and open lettuce, ""Eruca sativa"" is rich in vitamin C and potassium. In addition to the leaves, the flowers, young seed pods and mature seeds are all edible. Grown as an edible herb in the Mediterranean area since Roman times, it was mentioned by various classical authors as an aphrodisiac, most famously in a poem long ascribed to Virgil, ""Moretum"", which contains the line: """"et Venerem revocans eruca morantem"""" (""and the rocket, which revives drowsy Venus [sexual desire]""). Some writers assert that for this reason during the"
"Florida. It is known as chikoo (""chiku"", ""चीकू"") in Northern India and Pakistan (""چیکو"" ""chiku"" and ""ਚੀਕੂ"" in Punjab), and sapota in some parts of India (""சப்போட்டா"" in Tamil Nadu, ""ಸಪೋಟ"" in Karnataka, ""సపోటా"" Telugu, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, ""സപ്പോട്ട "" in Kerala), sapathilla or rata-mi in Sri Lanka, sobeda/sofeda (সবেদা or সফেদা) in eastern India and Bangladesh, sabudheli (""ސަބުދެލި"") in Maldives; sawo in Indonesia and saos in the province of West Sumatra; hồng xiêm (lit. Siamese persimmon), lồng mứt, or xa pô chê in Vietnam; lamoot (ละมุด) in Thailand, Laos and (ល្មុត) in Cambodia. It is called ciku (pronounced"
"genus ""Lactuca"", the lettuces, until 1822, when the first of them were separated based on the morphology of the fruits. The definition of the genus is still in debate and very unclear. ""Cicerbita alpina"" is eaten as a vegetable in Italy, part of its native range. The young shoots are boiled and served in olive oil or tomato sauce. They are considered a delicacy and can be had in restaurants. The shoots in oil can be purchased in markets under the local name ""insalata dell'orso"" (""bear salad""). The plant is collected from the wild and there is some concern that"
"two cultivated species. The naming of this group of edible plants seems confused, with much overlap of similar or the same common names. Flowers, either blue or white, and pods similar to lima beans, are produced on fully developed plants. Several species of jicama occur, but the one found in many markets is ""P. erosus"". The two cultivated forms of ""P. erosus"" are ""jicama de agua"" and ""jicama de leche"", both named for the consistency of their juice. The ""leche"" form has an elongated root and milky juice, while the ""agua"" form has a top-shaped to oblate root and a"
"the figure. About 500,000 chia pets a year are sold in the US as novelties or house plants. Salvia hispanica Salvia hispanica, commonly known as chia (), is a species of flowering plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is considered a pseudocereal, cultivated for its edible, hydrophilic chia seed, grown and commonly used as food in several countries of western South America, western Mexico, and the southwestern United States. The word ""chia"" is derived from the Nahuatl word ""chian"", meaning oily. ""S. hispanica"" is one of two plants known as ""chia"","
"Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. It is a low-maintenance plant that grows best in full sun and moist but well-drained soils. Flowers attract butterflies, bees and hummingbirds. The name ""Salvia"" was derived from Latin, meaning ‘healer’. This is the old name for sage with medicinal properties, and is a cognate with the word ‘salve’. ""Leucantha"" is derived from Greek, meaning ‘white-flowered’. A recent analysis of the essential oil of ""S. leucantha"" found it to be rich in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons ; β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, ""cis""-muurola-3,5-diene, germacrene D, and bicyclogermacrene. Bornyl acetate constituted 23.9% of the oil. Salvia leucantha Salvia leucantha,"
"is neither practical nor sustainable; the use of tolerant and resistant cultivars is the most practical and sustainable management method. Cassava Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava (), manioc, yuca, macaxeira, mandioca, aipim and Brazilian arrowroot, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called yuca in Spanish and in the United States, it differs from yucca, an unrelated fruit-bearing shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava, when dried"
"Cannabis sativa Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The flowers of ""Cannabis sativa"" are unisexual and plants are most often either male or female. It is a short-day flowering plant, with staminate (male) plants usually taller"
"language of the Aztecs, the plant is called ""Cuitlaxochitl"", meaning ""flower that grows in residues or soil"" Today it is known in Mexico and Guatemala as Flor de Nochebuena, meaning Christmas Eve Flower. In Spain it is known as Flor de Pascua or Pascua, meaning Easter flower. In Chile and Peru, the plant became known as Crown of the Andes. In Hungarian, it is called , and is widely used as a Christmas decoration. The plant's association with Christmas began in 16th-century Mexico, where legend tells of a girl, commonly called Pepita or Maria, who was too poor to provide"
"Acetosa sagittata Acetosa sagittata, commonly known as turkey rhubarb or rambling dock or potato vine, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to southern Africa, which has become a weed in Australia and New Zealand. Initially described as ""Rumex sagittatus"" by Swedish botanist Carl Peter Thunberg, it was later placed in the genus ""Acetosa"" by Australian botanists Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs. Its specific name is derived from the Latin ""sagitta"" ""arrow"", hence ""arrow-shaped"". The plant is known by various common names including turkey rhubarb, arrowhead vine, potato vine, rambling dock or climbing sorrel. ""Acetosa sagittata"" is a soft-stemmed herbaceous scrambling"
"Stephanomeria lactucina Stephanomeria lactucina is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names lettuce wirelettuce and woodland wirelettuce. It is native to Oregon and California, where it grows in coastal and inland mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada. It can be found in many types of habitat, including coniferous forests. It is rhizomatous perennial herb producing a slender, erect stem reaching 30 to 60 centimeters in maximum height. The linear or lance-shaped leaves are up to 8 centimeters long and their edges are lined with widely spaced teeth. Solitary flower heads occur on erect"