"has a canard foreplane but no vertical fin. The most successful tailless configuration has been the tailless delta, especially for combat aircraft. Empennage The empennage ( or ), also known as the tail or tail assembly, is a structure at the rear of an aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow. The term derives from the French language word ""empenner"" which means ""to feather an arrow"". Most aircraft feature an empennage incorporating vertical and horizontal stabilising surfaces which stabilise the flight dynamics of yaw and pitch, as well as housing control"
"empennage was a fabric-covered cantilever structure with a conventional fin and rudder but a one-piece, flight-adjustable tailplane. The M.1 made its first and last flight on 29 August 1923, just before the Contest began. It flew for 17 s but crashed heavily on landing, injuring its pilot Franciszek Wieden. The unfamiliar control system has been blamed for the accident; Tułacz M.1 The Tułacz M.1 was a Polish glider which competed in the First Polish Glider Contest in 1923. It had some advanced features but its unconventional control system may have caused the landing accident at the end of its first"
"banking turn, often referred to as a ""coordinated turn"". Some aircraft are fitted with a tail assembly that is hinged to pivot in two axes forward of the fin and stabiliser, in an arrangement referred to as a ""movable tail"". The entire empennage is rotated vertically to actuate the horizontal stabiliser, and sideways to actuate the fin. The aircraft's cockpit voice recorder, flight data recorder and Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) are often located in the empennage, because the aft of the aircraft provides better protection for these in most aircraft crashes. In some aircraft trim devices are provided to eliminate"
"usually have a tail fin (usually a vertical stabiliser). Heavier-than-air aircraft without any kind of empennage (such as the Northrop B-2) are rare. Structurally, the empennage consists of the entire tail assembly, including the tailfin, the tailplane and the part of the fuselage to which these are attached. On an airliner this would be all the flying and control surfaces behind the rear pressure bulkhead. The front (usually fixed) section of the tailplane is called the tailplane or horizontal stabiliser and is used to provide pitch stability. The rear section is called the elevator, and is usually hinged to the"
"Fuselage The fuselage (; from the French ""fuselé"" ""spindle-shaped"") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, and cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, which is required for aircraft stability and maneuverability. This type of structure is still in use in many lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A"
"the need for the pilot to maintain constant pressure on the elevator or rudder controls. The trim device may be: Multi-engined aircraft often have trim tabs on the rudder to reduce the pilot effort required to keep the aircraft straight in situations of asymmetrical thrust, such as single engine operations. Aircraft empennage designs may be classified broadly according to the fin and tailplane configurations. The overall shapes of individual tail surfaces (tailplane planforms, fin profiles) are similar to wing planforms. The tailplane comprises the tail-mounted fixed horizontal stabiliser and movable elevator. Besides its planform, it is characterised by: Some locations"
"was effected by a pair of ailerons mounted independently of the wings on the lower longerons behind the pilot. The prototype was initially powered by an E.N.V. Type D water-cooled engine mounted on the lower longerons, driving a two-bladed propeller mounted at the same level as the wing via a chain with a reduction ratio of about 2:1. When first flown the empennage consisted of an elevator at the extreme rear of the fuselage, with a separate fixed horizontal surface mounted above and in front of it, and three small rectangular rudders above the elevator. After initial flight trials during"
"empennage was conventional, with a ply covered fin which was narrow at the top but faired into the boom above and below. It carried a fabric covered, rounded, unbalanced rudder, broad at its heel, as well as the straight edged tailplane placed just above the boom. There were rounded, spring balanced elevators with gaps at their roots to clear the fin and a small cut out for rudder movement; these control surfaces were ply skinned and fabric covered like the ailerons. The IS-5 had a short, rubber sprung skid under the cockpit and a fixed, unsprung monowheel under the wing,"
"example in service. The aircraft itself was a pod-and-boom configuration biplane with three-bay unstaggered wings. In early models, two seats were fitted on the leading edge of the lower wing for the instructor and the trainee pilot; in later models, space was provided for them in tandem in an open-topped nacelle, with the engine mounted pusher-fashion behind them. The empennage was carried on four parallel beams extending two each from the top and bottom wings, and consisted of twin rudders and a horizontal stabiliser and elevator that were carried on the top two beams. Early production aircraft had wings of"
"T-tail A T-tail is an empennage configuration in which the tailplane is mounted to the top of the fin. The arrangement looks like the capital letter T, hence the name. The T-tail differs from the standard configuration in which the tailplane is mounted to the fuselage at the base of the fin. The tailplane is kept well out of the disturbed airflow behind the wing and fuselage, giving smoother and faster airflow over the elevators. This configuration may give more predictable design characteristics and better pitch control; but in the case of an aircraft with a tractor propeller, pitch control"
"occupied an enclosed cockpit, placed high and just ahead of the wing leading edge, with side-by-side seating and dual control. A passageway connected the cockpit and the windowed, well furnished passenger cabin. Cabin and cockpit were accessed by a door on the port side, equipped with a built-in ladder, via a compartment containing a curtained-off lavatory and a luggage space. The empennage, like the fuselage, was steel framed and fabric covered. Both fin and tailplane, the latter mounted at mid-fuselage height, had straight, swept leading edges and carried balanced control surfaces with straight, unswept rear edges and round tips. The"
"a minor gain compared to the airframe's detrimental effect on propeller efficiency. Wing profile drag may be reduced due to the absence of prop-wash over any section of the wing. The engine is mounted behind the crew and passenger compartments, so fuel does not have to flow past personnel; any leak will vent behind the aircraft, and any engine fire will be directed behind the aircraft (however, this arrangement puts the empennage at greater risk—if there is one—but this is less of an issue if the fire occurs at the time of, or as a consequence of, landing). Similarly, propeller"
"empennage. It had no fixed tailplane but its balanced elevator, with a slightly swept leading edge and almost semi-circular, fabric-covered rear, was hinged at the extreme tail. The fin, built integral to the fuselage, was triangular and the fabric-covered rudder was rhomboidal, leaving a space below for elevator movement. Its landing gear was conventional, with its mainwheels on steel half-axles centrally hinged within the fuselage at its deepest part and with rubber shock absorbers on the fuselage underside, giving a track of . A sprung tailskid was mounted on an extension of the rear fuselage. The date of the limousine's"
"pilot's cockpit was under the wing cut-out with a forward view under the wing and equipped with two fixed machine guns firing through the propeller disk. The observer/gunner's position was immediately behind the pilot and was equipped with photographic and radio equipment, together with two flexibly mounted machine guns. The empennage was conventional, with a triangular plan tailplane mounted near the top of the fuselage and braced on each side with a strut to the lower fuselage. Its angle of incidence could be adjusted in flight by the pilot. The elevators were narrow and rectangular apart from central cut-outs to"
"Flapjack. A blended wing body can be considered a mixture of the above. It carries the useful load in a fuselage producing lift. A modern example is Boeing X-48. One of the earliest aircraft using this design approach is Burnelli CBY-3, which fuselage was airfoil shaped to produce lift. Fuselage The fuselage (; from the French ""fuselé"" ""spindle-shaped"") is an aircraft's main body section. It holds crew, passengers, and cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, as well, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage, which in"
"and vertical jury struts. The fuselage is polygonal in section, sloping inwards above and below the center line, with a flat aluminum upper surface that slopes upwards from the tail to the wing trailing edge, at the rear of the cabin. The empennage is conventional, the low aspect ratio tailplane with its swept leading edge and rounded elevators located at the top of the fuselage. There is a portside flight-adjustable elevator trim tab with optional electric drive. The unbalanced rudder extends to the keel, moving in a V-shaped gap between the elevators. The seating is under the leading edge of"
"cabane in front of the pilot and an inverted V-strut underneath the fuselage, behind the undercarriage. Lateral control was effected by wing warping and the empennage consisted of a fixed horizontal stabiliser with tip-mounted full-chord elevators at either end and an aerodynamically balanced rudder, with no fixed vertical surface. In later examples the horizontal surfaces were modified, and consisted of a fixed surfacee with balanced elevators hinged to the trailing edge. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of short skids, each carried on a pair of struts, and a pair of wheels on a cross-axle bound to the skids by"
"the pilot was almost completely exposed, sitting on rather than in the fuselage. The wings were mounted below the upper longerons and were slightly tapered. Lateral control was by wing warping. In earlier aircraft the warping and bracing wires were attached to a pair of vertical kingposts just aft of the leading edge of the wing: in later aircraft these were braced by diagonal struts leading back to the fuselage longerons. The empennage of early examples consisted of an elongated triangular vertical fin with a cutout to allow elevator travel with a rectangular rudder hinged to the trailing edge, and"
"and the growth in civil aviation in the first half of the 20th century, a range of distinguishing flags and ensigns were adopted. These may be divided into air force ensigns (often light blue in colour, such as the Royal Air Force Ensign) and civil air ensigns. In heraldry, an ensign is the ornament or sign, such as the crown, coronet, or mitre, borne above the charge or arms. Ensign An ensign is the national flag flown on a vessel to indicate citizenry. The ensign is the largest flag, generally flown at the stern (rear) of the ship while in"
"Embarkation Embarkment (sometimes embarcation or embarkation) is the process of loading a passenger ship or an airplane with passengers or military personnel, related to and overlapping with individual boarding on aircraft and ships. Embarkation involves the boarding and stationing of passengers in accommodation (cabins) by staff and crew members. The act of embarkation or disembarkation is related to various legal issues such a liability for accidents, or in relation to immigration and refugee status. Generally liability for an accident prior to embarkation or boarding, such as during a security check is considered to not be part of the embarkation process."
"Embarkation Embarkment (sometimes embarcation or embarkation) is the process of loading a passenger ship or an airplane with passengers or military personnel, related to and overlapping with individual boarding on aircraft and ships. Embarkation involves the boarding and stationing of passengers in accommodation (cabins) by staff and crew members. The act of embarkation or disembarkation is related to various legal issues such a liability for accidents, or in relation to immigration and refugee status. Generally liability for an accident prior to embarkation or boarding, such as during a security check is considered to not be part of the embarkation process."
"The student or passenger sat at the centre of gravity under the wing in a cockpit that formed part of the central pedestal, with side and roof windows. A wooden landing skid with rubber springing, assisted by a small tail bumper served as its undercarriage. The empennage was similar to that of the BS.5 Ballerina, its surfaces straight tapered and square tipped. The balanced rudder was much larger in area than the fin and the horizontal tail was similarly proportioned with only enough tailplane to support the balanced elevators. it was braced just above the fuselage, with large cut outs"
"For endeavors related to the Entomopter, Prof. Michelson is the recipient of the ""2001 Pirelli Award for the diffusion of scientific culture"" given by an international Jury for the “best multimedia project coming from any educational institution in the world.” He was also awarded the first ""Top Pirelli Prize"" (€25,000) for the work deemed best from an international field of over 1000 considered. Entomopter An Entomopter is an aircraft that flies using the wing-flapping aerodynamics of an insect. The word is derived from ""entomo"" (meaning insect: as in entomology) + ""pteron"" (meaning wing). Entomopters are type of ornithopter, which is"
"rear. Horizontal motion was controlled by the movement of a balanced rudder at the rear of an empennage on a long boom, mounted below the gas-bag and aft of the gondola (see lead image). The empennage consisted of vertical and horizontal vanes arranged like the fletching of an arrow, behind which the vertical rudder was mounted. During a refit in 1907 the vertical vanes of the empennage were modified, as is shown in the accompanying illustration. During trials it was decided that a greater degree of control over vertical motion was required, which would also allow the pilot to compensate"
"section fuselage, with rounded upper decking, is also plywood covered apart from a polyester engine cover. A nose mounted modified 30 kW (40 hp) Volkswagen engine drives a two blade propeller. The single seat cockpit, placed over the wing leading edge, is under a sideways opening, single piece canopy. There is a baggage space behind the seat, where the canopy line runs into that of the high rear decking. The empennage is conventional with ply covered fixed surfaces and fabric covered control surfaces. The horizontal surfaces are placed close to the top of the fuselage, with the elevator hinge ahead"
"space. Behind the wing leading edge the upper fuselage surface is raised with a fairing. The Aristocrat's empennage is steel framed and fabric covered. Its tailplane is mounted at the top of the fuselage and in plan the horizontal tail is straight-tapered to rounded tips. The tailplane is in-flight adjustable and braced from below with a single strut on each side, carrying balanced elevators with a cut-out for rudder movement. The fin is small and almost triangular but the rudder, also balanced, is tall and blunt-topped. The undercarriage is of the fixed, cantilever, tailwheel type and has a track of"
"Stabilizer (aeronautics) An aircraft stabilizer is an aerodynamic surface, typically including one or more movable control surfaces, that provides longitudinal (pitch) and/or directional (yaw) stability and control. A stabilizer can feature a fixed or adjustable structure on which any movable control surfaces are hinged, or it can itself be a fully movable surface such as a stabilator. Depending on the context, ""stabilizer"" may sometimes describe only the front part of the overall surface. In the conventional aircraft configuration, separate vertical (fin) and horizontal (tailplane) stabilizers form an empennage positioned at the tail of the aircraft. Other arrangements of the empennage,"
"covered. The pilot had an open cockpit under the wing trailing edge, with one passenger next to him. Two other passengers could sit, though not stand, side by side within the fuselage forward of the pilot in a cabin lit by windows, one in the small, starboard side door, and heated by hot air from the engine. Their luggage was placed in a small compartment behind the pilot. The empennage was a steel tube structure, fabric covered. The braced tailplane carried separate elevators which, like the rudder, were balanced. The R.V had a simple, fixed conventional undercarriage with steel tube"
"this aircraft, a new engine pylon had to be designed. The lines of the cockpit have not changed but the fuselage was lengthened. In addition, the blend between the fuselage and the empennage was all new. While it appears as if area ruling was the intention of the blending, the blend design was really driven by attaching the original Learjet Model 35 empennage onto the larger Learjet Model 60 fuselage. The final aerodynamic improvements to the Model 60 included the creation of the distinctive ""ogive"" winglet trailing edge. This lengthening of the chord near the interface of the winglet and"
"and stringers to define the curved section of the upper fuselage, was braced by a long aluminium tube from its rear to the rear vertex of the master-frame. There were two open cockpits. The forward one had two side-by side seats equipped with dual controls for the pilot and passenger or pupil. They sat under the trailing edge of the upper wing where the large interplane gap provided good forward vision and a wing cut-out improved their upward view. A separate, circular cockpit behind them could be fitted with a seat for a second passenger. The empennage was conventional, with"
"Tailhook A tailhook, arresting hook, or arrester hook is a device attached to the empennage (rear) of some military fixed-wing aircraft. The hook is used to achieve rapid deceleration during routine landings aboard aircraft carrier flight decks at sea, or during emergency landings or aborted takeoffs at properly equipped airports. On January 18, 1911, Eugene Ely landed his Curtiss pusher airplane on a platform on the armored cruiser USS ""Pennsylvania"" anchored in San Francisco Bay. Ely flew from the Tanforan airfield in San Bruno, California and landed on the ""Pennsylvania"", which was the first successful shipboard landing of an aircraft."
"by wooden frames and stringers, then covered in fabric. The two open cockpits were in tandem, with the pilot just aft of the upper wing and the observer close behind. His position was equipped for wireless and photography as well as with a pair of flexibly mounted machine guns. The pilot controlled two more fixed guns which fired through the propeller disc. At the rear the empennage was conventional, with a narrow chord, rectangular tailplane mounting broader, blunt ended, balanced, separate elevators. Its much larger, rounded vertical tail had a broad-chord fin and generous, balanced rudder which extended to the"
"high levels of accessibility, interchangeability, and favourable manning levels. The wings, fuselage, and empennage are manufactured using conventional semi-monocoque construction techniques, the primary structure being composed of aluminium; the central structure retains critical strength despite the cutout areas for the sliding doors of the main cabin. Corrosion resistance is achieved via a combination of plating and a polyurethane-based enamel paint. The simple nature of the structure allows for ease of repair in the field. Features such as low-pressure tyres, twin-clipper disc brakes, and a highly energy-absorbent undercarriage enable the aircraft to be capable of operating from rough or otherwise challenging"