"visit was notable for being the first by the Queen to the Republic, she had visited the island of Ireland on many occasions during her reign; however, her visits were always confined to Northern Ireland. She had also been visited in London by President Mary Robinson in May 1993 and then several times by President McAleese since 1997. The visit was seen as a symbolic normalisation of Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom relations following the signing of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, which settled most outstanding territorial disputes between the states, including the abandonment by the Republic of its territorial claim"
"1990 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1990 was the tenth presidential election to be held in Ireland, the fifth to be contested by more than one candidate and the first to have a female candidate. It was held on Wednesday, 7 November 1990. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president could be nominated by: Brian Lenihan, the Tánaiste and Minister for Defence was chosen by Fianna Fáil as their candidate, though he faced a late challenge for the party nomination from another senior minister, John Wilson. Lenihan was popular and widely seen"
"president. 1990 Irish presidential election The Irish presidential election of 1990 was the tenth presidential election to be held in Ireland, the fifth to be contested by more than one candidate and the first to have a female candidate. It was held on Wednesday, 7 November 1990. Under Article 12 of the Constitution of Ireland, a candidate for president could be nominated by: Brian Lenihan, the Tánaiste and Minister for Defence was chosen by Fianna Fáil as their candidate, though he faced a late challenge for the party nomination from another senior minister, John Wilson. Lenihan was popular and widely"
"for Taoiseach was taken in the Dáil on June 29, 1989. 27 days after the election had taken place the coalition government was formed. From January to June 1990 Ireland held the presidency of the European Community. The 1990 Presidential election was held on 7 November. Mary Robinson won the election, beating the Fianna Fáil candidate Brian Lenihan. On 6 November 1991, Seán Power made a motion of no confidence in the Taoiseach, which failed. In early 1992 Seán Doherty, who as Minister for Justice had taken the blame for the phone-tapping scandal of the early 1980s, went on RTÉ"
"Mary McAleese Mary Patricia McAleese (; ; ; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish Fianna Fáil and independent politician who served as the eighth President of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011. She was the second female president of Ireland. She was first elected in 1997, succeeding Mary Robinson, making McAleese the world's first woman to succeed another as president. She was reelected unopposed for a second term in office in 2004. McAleese is the first president of Ireland to have come from either Northern Ireland or Ulster. McAleese graduated in Law from Queen's University Belfast. In 1975,"
"Mary Robinson Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (née Bourke; ; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish Independent politician who served as the seventh President of Ireland, becoming the first woman to hold this office. She also served as United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002 and a Senator for the University of Dublin from 1969 to 1989. She first rose to prominence as an academic, barrister and campaigner. She defeated Fianna Fáil's Brian Lenihan and Fine Gael's Austin Currie, in the 1990 presidential election, becoming the first Independent candidate nominated by the Labour Party, the Workers'"
"the Irish presidency. Her opponents in the 1997 presidential election were Mary Banotti of Fine Gael, Adi Roche (the Labour Party candidate) and two Independents: Dana Rosemary Scallon and Derek Nally. McAleese won the presidency with 45.2% of first preference votes. In the second and final count against Banotti, she won 58.7% of preferences. On 11 November 1997, she was inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland. Within weeks of this she made her first official overseas trip to Lebanon. McAleese described the theme of her presidency as ""building bridges"". The first individual born in Northern Ireland to become President"
"be a joint appointment between the university's College of Arts and College of Social Sciences. On 8 June 2013, a ceremony was held to rename a bridge on the M1 motorway near Drogheda as the Mary McAleese Boyne Valley Bridge to honour McAleese's contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process. Mary McAleese Mary Patricia McAleese (; ; ; born 27 June 1951) is an Irish Fianna Fáil and independent politician who served as the eighth President of Ireland from November 1997 to November 2011. She was the second female president of Ireland. She was first elected in 1997, succeeding Mary"
"D. Higgins now themselves support coalition. In 1990 Mary Robinson became the first President of Ireland to have been proposed by the Labour Party, although she contested the election as an independent candidate. Not only was it the first time a woman held the office but it was the first time, apart from Douglas Hyde, that a non-Fianna Fáil candidate was elected. Mary Robinson became one of the most outspoken and active presidents in the history of the state. In 1990 the Party merged with the Limerick East TD Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party and in 1992 it merged with"
"Party and Independent Senators. She was the first elected President in the office's history not to have had the support of Fianna Fáil. She is widely regarded as a transformative figure for Ireland, and for the Irish presidency, revitalising and liberalising a previously conservative, low-profile political office. She resigned the presidency two months ahead of the end of her term of office to take up her post in the United Nations. During her UN tenure she visited Tibet (1998), the first High Commissioner to do so; she criticised Ireland's immigrant policy; and criticised the use of capital punishment in the"
"Robinson became Ireland's first female president. In 1991, Flynn was sacked from the Cabinet because of his support for a motion of no confidence in the Taoiseach, Charles Haughey. Then in 1992, Albert Reynolds became Taoiseach and Flynn was rewarded for supporting Reynolds by becoming Minister for Justice. In 1993, he retired from domestic politics when he was appointed Ireland's European Commissioner. He was reappointed by the Fine Gael government in 1995 and, on both of these occasions, served in the social affairs portfolio. On 15 January 1999, Flynn made comments on a live chat show (""The Late Late Show"")"
"of Dublin also awarded the degrees of graduates at the Dublin Institute of Technology. Since 1922, most of the representatives of the University have been Independent, though Mary Robinson and Ivana Bacik took the Labour Party whip for periods of their time in the Seanad. A number of the senators have a reputation of being quite socially liberal, including Owen Sheehy-Skeffington, Noël Browne, and Catherine McGuinness. Three Senators were later appointed to the Supreme Court: T. C. Kingsmill Moore, Gardner Budd and Catherine McGuinness. Mary Robinson, first elected in 1969, was later elected as President of Ireland in 1990. In"
"into coalition government with either of the major centre-right parties (Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael). At the 1989 Labour Party conference in Tralee a number of socialist and Trotskyist activists, organised around the Militant Tendency and their internal newspaper, were expelled. These expulsions continued during the early 1990s and those expelled, including Joe Higgins, went on to found the Socialist Party. In 1990 Mary Robinson became the first President of Ireland to have been proposed by the Labour Party, although she contested the election as an independent candidate, she had resigned from the party over her opposition to the Anglo"
"of 1990, Robinson was the Labour nominee, the first President to defeat Fianna Fáil in an election and the first female President. Upon election, however, Robinson took steps to de-politicize the office. She also sought to widen the scope of the presidency, developing new economic, political and cultural links between the state and other countries and cultures, especially those of the Irish diaspora. Robinson used the prestige of the office to activist ends, placing emphasis during her presidency on the needs of developing countries, linking the history of the Great Irish Famine to today's nutrition, poverty and policy issues, attempting"
"following year, 1983, she joined RTÉ, where she worked as a newsreader on RTÉ Radio 2. In early 1986, she became a member of RTÉ's news reporting staff. In 1990, in Zambia, she met and interviewed Nelson Mandela, who had been released from captivity on Robben Island just two weeks earlier. In 1992, she accompanied Ireland's first woman president, Mary Robinson, on a state visit to Australia, having already covered her election as President of Ireland (Uachtaráin na hÉireann) in 1990. She also reported on the release of Beirut hostage Brian Keenan in 1990, the negotiations in Brussels for the"
"future President of Ireland Douglas Hyde, who was elected to the position. The current president is Prof. David McConnell, a former librarian and auditor of the society and a winner of The Irish Times Debating Competition, and now chairman of The Irish Times Trust and one of Europe's foremost geneticists. Women had been refused membership of the society until 1969. Soon after the change in the rules, the society debated the motion ‘That this House reveres the memory of Mrs Pankhurst' with Rosaleen Mills participating (the motion, however, was defeated). The first female auditor, future Tánaiste Mary Harney, was elected"
"on 3 December 1990. She proved a remarkably popular President, earning the praise of Brian Lenihan himself who, before his death five years later, said that she was a better President than he ever could have been. She took an office that had a reputation as being little more than a retirement position for prominent politicians and breathed new life into the role. Robinson brought to the presidency legal knowledge, deep intellect and political experience. She reached out to the Irish diaspora (the large number of Irish emigrants and people of Irish descent). She also changed the face of Anglo-Irish"
"Irish Agreement. Not only was it the first time a woman held the office but it was the first time, apart from Douglas Hyde, that a non-Fianna Fáil candidate was elected. In 1990 Limerick East TD Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party merged into the Labour Party, and in 1992 Sligo–Leitrim TD Declan Bree's Independent Socialist Party also joined the Labour Party (in May 2007 Declan Bree resigned from the Labour Party over differences with the Leadership).) At the 1992 general election the Labour Party won a record 19.3% of the first preference votes, more than twice its share in the"
"of the Irish Republic came to an end. Pearse is generally believed to have been the leader of the rebels, and therefore assumed to have been the Head of Government and President of the Republic, and is described as the ""first President of the Irish Republic"" by historian Tim Pat Coogan. However Kathleen Clarke, the widow of Tom Clarke, maintained that, by inviting Clarke to sign first, the other signatories acknowledged him as first President of the Republic, and said that Clarke confirmed that interpretation to her. On the 50th anniversary ceremonies in 1966, Mrs Clarke said in an interview"
"the 1983 Ard Fheis to serve in place of the two former vice-presidents. Leader of Sinn Féin The leader of Sinn Féin (alternatively known as the ""Uachtarán Shinn Féin"" or ""President of Sinn Féin"") is the most senior politician within the Sinn Féin political party in Ireland. Since 10 February 2018, the office has been held by Mary Lou McDonald, following the decision of Gerry Adams to stand aside as leader of the party. The Vice-President of Sinn Féin is Michelle O'Neill. O'Neill also succeeded Martin McGuinness in his role as Sinn Fein's Assembly leader. The post of the President"
"candidates. Adi Roche, who had founded Chernobyl Children International in 1991, was nominated by the Labour Party. Roche was later endorsed by Democratic Left and the Green Party. At 42 years of age, she was and is the youngest person to stand in an Irish presidential election. Dana Rosemary Scallon received the nominations of five county councils: Donegal, Kerry, Longford, North Tipperary and Wicklow. Scallon was a singer, the winner of the 1970 Eurovision Song Contest, and a family values campaigner. She was the first candidate in any Irish presidential election to have been nominated by local authorities, rather than"
"David Norris and Dana Rosemary Scallon. Higgins was nominated by Labour, McGuinness was nominated by Sinn Féin and Mitchell was nominated by Fine Gael, while Independent candidates Davis, Gallagher, Norris and Scallon were nominated by local authorities. The previously dominant Fianna Fáil party declined to nominate a candidate following their disastrous general election campaign earlier that year. Michael D. Higgins was ultimately elected as president. To qualify, candidates had to: Presidential elections are conducted under the Presidential Elections Act 1993, as amended. Constitutionally, the election must be held not more than 60 days before the ending of the term of"
"""a new form of capitalism [which is] even more powerful and less visible and less accountable"" than that of 1916. Sabina Coyne Sabina Mary Coyne (born 7 May 1944) is an Irish actress, political activist and the wife of the current President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins. Coyne grew up on a small farm near Ballindine, County Mayo. Her mother would tell stories from Charles Dickens while milking the cows, an influence on her later decision to take up acting, in which she trained using Stanislavski's system. She was a bridesmaid at the wedding of singer Luke Kelly to Deirdre"
"from the law, including the Garda Síochána, the Central Bank of Ireland and the National Asset Management Agency and that fees charged were a further inhibitor. O'Reilly is the author of three books: ""Candidate: The Truth Behind the Presidential Campaign"" (1991), about President of Ireland Mary Robinson; ""Masterminds of the Right"" (1992) about politicised Catholic fundamentalism in Ireland; and the controversial biography, ""Veronica Guerin"" (1998). Emily O'Reilly Emily O'Reilly is an author and former journalist and broadcaster who became Ireland's first female Ombudsman in 2003, succeeding Kevin Murphy. On 3 July 2013, she was voted European Ombudsman by the European"
"While there she met with Lebanese President Michel Suleiman. Before her trip to Lebanon she visited Derry, on one of her last official engagements to Northern Ireland, becoming the inaugural speaker at the first Conversations Across Walls and Borders event in First Derry Presbyterian Church. She voluntarily donated more than 60 gifts given to her over the 14 years, and worth about €100,000, to the Irish state. McAleese left office on 10 November 2011, she was succeeded by Michael D. Higgins, who was elected in the presidential election held on 27 October 2011. On 10 November 2011, her last day"
"Also briefing notes issued on various occasions (notably state, official or personal visits by Robinson abroad) supplied by the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs, The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Buckingham Palace, Áras an Uachtaráin, the Holy See and the press offices of the United Nations (including the text of her Romanes Lecture in November 1997). Some background came via an interview with Robinson. Specific Mary Robinson Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (née Bourke; ; born 21 May 1944) is an Irish Independent politician who served as the seventh President of Ireland, becoming the first woman to hold this office. She also"
"relations, when she was the first serving Irish president to visit the United Kingdom and meet Queen Elizabeth II, at Buckingham Palace. She welcomed visits by senior members of the British royal family, most notably the Prince of Wales, to her official residence, Áras an Uachtaráin. Her political profile changed also. Charles Haughey, Taoiseach when she was elected (and who had had to dismiss her rival, Brian Lenihan when the Progressive Democrats, the smaller party in government, threatened to leave the government unless he was sacked) had a diffident relationship with her, at one stage preventing her from delivering the"
"be amended with the agreement of the Irish people by public ballot. She later became the first-ever presidential candidate to secure a nomination solely from County and City Councils, rather than from members of the Oireachtas. Polling day was 31 October, and Scallon received 175,458 of the first-preference votes (13.8%), coming third to Fianna Fáil's candidate and eventual winner Mary McAleese. Before returning to America she told reporters: ""I may not be a president, but I ""am"" a precedent."" She was granted US citizenship in 1999, requiring her to swear an oath renouncing allegiance to any other state. That same"
"Patricia Ireland Patricia Ireland (born October 19, 1945 in Oak Park, Illinois) is a U.S. administrator and feminist. She served as president of the National Organization for Women from 1991 to 2001 and published an autobiography, ""What Women Want"", in 1996. As a teen, Ireland attended Valparaiso High School in Valparaiso, Indiana. She obtained a Bachelor's degree from the University of Tennessee in 1966 and a law degree from the University of Miami School of Law in 1975. She also attended Florida State University College of Law. Before beginning a career as an attorney, Ireland worked as a flight attendant"
"and was re-elected in 2007 and in 2011. On 6 February 2008, White declared her candidacy to succeed Mary McAleese as President of Ireland. She was seeking the nomination of the Fianna Fáil party and was the first candidate to declare her intention to run. In May 2011, she said that she would not be seeking a nomination. She stood down at the April 2016 election, having failed to be elected to the Dáil in the February 2016 general election. In the Seanad she was the Fianna Fáil Seanad spokesperson on Enterprise, Jobs and Innovation. Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)"
"Taoiseach in 1987. In March 1987, Fionnuala O'Kelly was appointed the head the Government Information Service, becoming the first women to lead the agency. On the first day of the 31st Dáil on 9 March 2011, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin sent his regards to her in the chamber after her husband was elected Taoiseach. Enda Kenny responded, ""Were she still with you today, you might be in a much stronger position today."" Fionnuala Kenny Fionnuala Bríd Kenny (née O'Kelly; born 1 March 1956) is an Irish public relations specialist who is the wife of former Taoiseach Enda Kenny. She"
"Susan Denham Susan Mary Denham, SC (""née"" Gageby; born 7 May 1945) is a retired Irish judge who served as the 11th Chief Justice of Ireland from 2011 to 2017 and was the first woman to hold the position. She served as a Justice of the Supreme Court from 1992 to 2017, and was the longest-serving member of the court on her retirement. She also served as a Judge of the High Court from 1991 to 1992. Susan Gageby was born in Dublin in 1945 and educated at Alexandra College, Dublin; Trinity College, Dublin; the King's Inns; and the Law"
"contest for the presidency in 1971. As chair in Dublin she had initiated the sports’ first coaching course in Gormanston College and expanded it nationwide as president. Her presidency was marked by the change in regulation to allow skirts rather than the traditional gymslips with black stockings at congress in 1972. The ban on camogie players playing hockey, soccer and Ladies Football was lifted and CCIA was set up with Úna Uí Phuirséil as chair. In 1971 four issues of the first dedicated camogie magazine was published under the editorship of Kilkenny player Ann Carroll. She died on February 18,"