"Flag of Ivory Coast The flag of Ivory Coast () features three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green. In 1959, when the Ivorian Legislative Assembly was adopting the flag, Minister of State Jean Delafosse said: In 1960, when the Legislative Assembly was drafting the constitution, Mamadou Coulibaly said: Gabriel Rougerie wrote in 1964, ""The flag unites the colours of the three great landscapes of the Ivory Coast: green forest, white lagoon and orange savanna."" The 1958 referendum which replaced the French Fourth Republic with the Fifth Republic also replaced the French Union with a French Community,"
"in contrast to its neighbouring countries. Unlike other former French colonies in Africa, the flag consists of a horizontal tricolour, rather than a vertical one modelled after the flag of France. Flag of Gabon The flag of Gabon is a tricolour consisting of three horizontal green, yellow and blue bands. Adopted in 1960 to replace the previous colonial flag containing the French Tricolour at the canton, it has been the flag of the Gabonese Republic since the country gained independence that year. The design of the present flag entailed the removal the Tricolour and the widening of the yellow stripe"
"the same colours utilized in the flag of Ethiopia, the oldest independent country in Africa and the only nation other than Liberia to remain independent during the Scramble for Africa. Flag of the Republic of the Congo The national flag of the Republic of the Congo consists of a yellow diagonal band divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner, with a green upper triangle and red lower triangle. Adopted in 1959 to replace the French Tricolour, it was the flag of the Republic of the Congo until 1970, when the People's Republic of the Congo was established. The new regime"
"Flag of Ireland The national flag of Ireland () – frequently referred to as the Irish tricolour (""trídhathach na hÉireann"") – is the national flag and ensign of the Republic of Ireland. The flag itself is a vertical tricolour of green (at the hoist), white and orange. The proportions of the flag are 1:2 (that is to say, flown horizontally, the flag is half as high as it is wide). Presented as a gift in 1848 to Thomas Francis Meagher from a small group of French women sympathetic to the Irish cause, it was intended to symbolise the inclusion and"
"flag as a sign of unity among African countries. The quinary points of the star are said to ""recall the human ideogram which was displayed in the middle of the flag of the former Mali Federation"". The Pan-African colours of Senegal's flag is shared by several other countries in the region, including Cameroon, Guinea and Mali. Flag of Senegal The flag of Senegal () is a tricolour consisting of three vertical green, yellow and red bands charged with a five-pointed green star at the centre. Adopted in 1960 to replace the flag of the Mali Federation, it has been the"
"Flag of Chad The national flag of Republic of Chad (, ) is a vertical tricolour consisting (left to right) of a blue, a gold and a red field. Its similarity to the flag of Romania, which differs only in having a lighter shade of blue (cobalt rather than indigo) has caused international discussion. In 2004, Chad asked the United Nations to examine the issue, but then-president of Romania Ion Iliescu announced no change would occur to the flag. The flag of Chad is a vertical tricolour consisting (left to right) of a blue, a gold and a red column."
"Flag of Mali The national flag of Mali (French: ""Drapeau du Mali"") is a tricolour with three equal vertical stripes. From the hoist (the place where the flagpole meets the flag) the colours are green, gold, and red, the pan-African colours. The flag of Mali is almost identical to the flag of Guinea, with the exception that the colours are in reverse order. The green stands for fertility of the land, gold stands for purity and mineral wealth and the red symbolizes the blood shed for independence from the French. The current flag was adopted on March 1, 1961. The"
"the country's vegetation. In keeping with other flags in the region, the Pan-African movement's colors of red, yellow, and green are used. The design is a tricolor. The colors of the flag from left to right are the reverse of the flag of Mali. The previous flag of Rwanda, whose design was inspired by the flag of the Kingdom of Rwanda, had a large black R to make it distinguishable from the near-identical flag of Guinea. Flag of Guinea The national flag of Guinea was adopted on November 10, 1958. The colors of the flag were adapted from those of"
"When hung vertically, the flag should be displayed as the horizontal version rotated clockwise 90 degrees. Rwanda's previous flag was a red-yellow-green tricolour with a large black letter ""R"" (to distinguish it from the otherwise identical Flag of Guinea). Derived from the flag of Ethiopia, the colours green, yellow, and red represented peace; the nation's hope for its development; and the people. The colours were associated with Pan-African colours. The flag was changed because it became associated with the brutality of the 1994 genocide. Flag of Rwanda The flag of Rwanda was adopted on October 25, 2001. The flag has"
"African colours of red, green and yellow, and was identical to the flag of Guinea-Bissau except for the proportions and the charge in the hoist-side stripe. Their similarity evoked the plans to unite both countries, which, however, were abandoned shortly after independence. Guinea-Bissau gained independence on 10 September 1974. Flag of Cape Verde The national flag of Cape Verde was adopted on September 22, 1992, replacing the flag adopted during Cape Verdean independence, fought for with Guinea-Bissau, another former Portuguese colony on mainland West Africa. The National Flag of the Republic of Cabo Verde has five unequal horizontal bands of"
"Flag of Senegal The flag of Senegal () is a tricolour consisting of three vertical green, yellow and red bands charged with a five-pointed green star at the centre. Adopted in 1960 to replace the flag of the Mali Federation, it has been the flag of the Republic of Senegal since the country gained independence that year. The present and previous flags were inspired by French Tricolour, which flew over Senegal until 1960. Under French colonial rule over Senegal, the authorities forbade the colony from using its own distinctive colonial flag because they were worried that this could increase nationalistic"
"paper money versus gold. Green is one of the three colors (along with red and black, or red and gold) of Pan-Africanism. Several African countries thus use the color on their flags, including Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Ethiopia, Togo, Guinea, Benin, and Zimbabwe. The Pan-African colors are borrowed from the Ethiopian flag, one of the oldest independent African countries. Green on some African flags represents the natural richness of Africa. Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of"
"Pan-African flag The Pan-African flag—also known as the UNIA flag, Afro-American flag, Black Liberation flag and various other names—is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) formally adopted it on August 13, 1920 in Article 39 of the Declaration of the Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Variations of the flag can and have been used in various countries and territories in the Americas to represent"
"the Ethiopian green, yellow and red the closest visual representation of Pan-Africanism. This is in comparison to the Black Nationalist flag, representing political theory centred around the eugenicist caste stratified colonial Americas. The UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) flag, is a tri-color flag consisting of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black and green. The UNIA formally adopted it on August 13, 1920, during its month-long convention at Madison Square Garden in New York. Variations of the flag have been used in various countries and territories in Africa and the Americas to represent Black Nationalist ideologies. Among"
"Ghana, which was the first design to use the Pan-African combination of red, yellow, green, and black in 1957. In the Ghanaian view, the black star stands for the unity of Africa. Red stands for the blood shed during the struggle for independence, yellow stands for the sun, and green represents hope. The flag features the traditional Pan-African colors of gold, green, red, and also the Black Star of Africa. The flag's design is heavily influenced by the flag of Ghana. The colors have the same meanings: specifically, the red is for the blood of martyrs, green for forests, and"
"of Gabon, flag of Guinea, flag of Mali, and flag of Nigeria. The green-white-red tricolour remained a symbol of republicanism throughout the 19th century and was adopted as national flag by a number of states following the Revolutions of 1848. It was also adopted by the Kingdom of Sardinia (inherited by the Kingdom of Italy 1861). The flag of Germany (black-red-gold) originated as the flag of the revolutionary, anti-monarchist Freikorps of the 1830s and was later adopted by the republicanist bourgeoisie, at the time known as ""Dreifarb"", a German calque of ""Tricolore"". This flag was a symbol of opposition against"
"the flag, although official sources are silent upon this. A common interpretation is that the upper orange band represents the northern regions of the Sahara Desert (though this is sometimes said to be the Sahel), the center white band represents purity (though this is sometimes said to be the River Niger), and the lower green band represents both hope and the fertile regions of southern Niger. The orange circle in the center band is said to represent the sun or independence. Niger's flag is a tricolour, in common with other former dependencies and colonies of France. The flag's traditional portrayal"
"Abusing the flag in any way is a criminal offense and is punishable under law as it implies contempt of the power of the state. Penal provisions also govern abuse of foreign flags or national emblems of other countries. Flag of Egypt The flag of Egypt (, ) is a tricolour consisting of the three equal horizontal red, white, and black bands of the Egyptian revolutionary flag dating back to the 1952 Egyptian Revolution. The flag bears Egypt's national emblem, the Egyptian eagle of Saladin centered in the white band. The Egyptian Free Officers who toppled King Farouk in the"
"Flag of Biafra The flag of the former Republic of Biafra consists of a horizontal tricolour of red, black, and green, charged with a golden rising sun over a golden bar. Red represents the blood of those massacred in northern Nigeria and in the consequent Nigeria-Biafra war. Black is for mourning them and in remembrance. Green is for prosperity and the half of a yellow/golden sun stands for a glorious future. The sun has eleven rays, representing the eleven provinces of Biafra. It was also the inspiration for the flag of the short-lived Republic of Benin (consisting of the Biafran-occupied"
"the ANC and SACP's support for big business and stated: ""It is clear that the working class cannot any longer see the ANC or the SACP as its class allies in any meaningful sense."" The ANC flag comprises three equal horizontal stripes – black, green and gold. Black symbolises the native people of South Africa, green represents the land and gold represents the mineral and other natural wealth of South Africa. This flag was also the battle flag of uMkhonto we Sizwe. The Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach used an unrelated but identical flag from 1813 to 1897. The black, green"
"Democratic Rally, a political party representing the interests of French West Africa in the National Assembly of France at the time of decolonization. Furthermore, the colours are the same as the ones utilized in the flag of Ethiopia. This honours the oldest independent country in Africa and the only nation other than Liberia to remain independent during the Scramble for Africa. Flag of Benin The national flag of Benin is a flag consisting of two horizontal yellow and red bands on the fly side and a green vertical band at the hoist. Adopted in 1959 to replace the French Tricolour,"
"represent ""unity and peace"". The green epitomizes the forest and the agricultural goods that the Gambian people are heavily dependent on, both for exports and their personal use. The flag's colour scheme of red, blue, green and white is the same as the one featured on the coat of arms of the Gambia. Following the 2013 general election in Luxembourg, a three-party coalition between the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP), the Democratic Party (DP) and The Greens was formed. It was labelled a ""Gambia coalition"", because the colours of the three political parties are identical to the ones on the"
"The national flag of Ireland is a tricolour of green, white and gold. This flag, which bears the colours green for Irish Catholics, orange for Irish Protestants, and white for the desired peace between them, dates to the mid-19th century. The tricolour was first unfurled in public by Young Irelander Thomas Francis Meagher who, using the symbolism of the flag, explained his vision as follows: """"The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the ""Orange"" and the ""Green,"" and I trust that beneath its folds the hands of the Irish Protestant and the Irish Catholic may be clasped"
"continent, the red symbolizes the blood of their struggle, and the green represents nature. The flag resembles the Pan-African flag designed by Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association, with the red and black bands reversed and a red sun in the top. It also resembles the flag of the now-defunct Republic of Biafra. A new flag of Malawi was adopted on 2010, as proposed by the Democratic Progressive Party-led government. The stripes were altered from the previous flag to match the original Pan-African Flag layout, with the red stripe at the top, the black stripe in middle, and the green"
"horizontal stripe, a narrow band of gold, the emblem of the African Union at the centre of a broad white stripe, another narrow gold band and a final broad green stripe. Again, the green and gold symbolise Africa's hopes and aspirations as well as its wealth and bright future, and the white represents the purity of Africa's desire for friends throughout the world. The flag has led to the creation of the ""national colours"" of Africa of gold and green (sometimes together with white). These colours are visible in one way or another in the flags of many African nations."
"of Mali and Guinea are (aside from shade or ratio differences) vertically mirrored versions from each other. This means that the reverse of one flag matches the obverse of the other. Other than horizontal mirrored flags (like Poland and Indonesia) the direction in which these flags fly are crucial to identify them. There are three colour combinations that are used on several flags in certain regions. Blue, white, and red is a common combination in Slavic countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Croatia as well as among Western nations including Australia, France, Iceland, Norway, New"
"been used as the flag of the Dutch East India Company (known as the VOC) at the Cape (with the VOC logo in the centre) from 1652 until 1795. The South African addition to the design was the inclusion of three smaller flags centred in the white stripe. The miniature flags were the British Union Flag (mirrored) towards the hoist, the flag of the Orange Free State hanging vertically in the middle and the Transvaal Vierkleur towards the fly. The position of each of the miniature flags is such that each has equal status. However, to ensure that the Dutch"
"The new flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the middle of the field. The yellow represents solidarity; the green symbolizes peace, tranquility and lush greenery; the red represents courage and determination; and the white star stands for the significance of the union of the country. Green, yellow, and red are also considered the Pan-African colours, leading commentators to note that the new flag looked distinctly ""African"" and even that it was being confused for the flag of an African country. Flag of Myanmar The current flag of Myanmar"
"plain white flag with a blue crescent and star. Flag of Azawad The flag of the State of Azawad, an unrecognized state that declared independence from Mali on 6 April 2012, is a horizontal green-red-black tricolour with a yellow triangle at the hoist. The symbolism behind colours to the Azawadi people are manifold as described by Moussa Ag Assarid: yellow representing the Sahara desert (in Tamacheq """"tenere""""), black representing the arduous history of the Tuaregs connected to anti-colonial struggle in their many uprisings as well as their difficult way of life, red representing the blood of the Azawadi martyrs and"
"Flag of Cameroon The national flag of Cameroon was adopted in its present form on 20 May 1975 after Cameroon became a unitary state. It is a vertical tricolour of green, red and yellow, with a five-pointed star in its center. There is a wide variation in the size of the central star, although it is always contained within the inside stripe. The colour scheme uses the traditional Pan-African colours (Cameroon was the second state to adopt them). The centre stripe is thought to stand for unity: red is the colour of unity, and the star is referred to as"
"""the star of unity"". The yellow stands for the sun, and also the savannas in the northern part of the country, while the green is for the forests in the southern part of Cameroon. The previous flag of Cameroon, used from 1961 to 1975, had a similar colour scheme, but with two gold (darker than the third stripe by comparison) stars in the upper half of the green. It was adopted after British Southern Cameroons joined the state of Cameroon. The original flag, made law by Law No. 46 of 26 October 1957, was the simple tricolour. It was confirmed"
"symbolize The sides of the flag of Togo are in the golden ratio , making the flag of Togo one of at most three national flags with irrational proportions (the others being those of Nepal and, if using the Geometric construction, Iran). Flag of Togo The flag of Togo is the national flag, ensign, and naval jack of Togo. It has five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow. There is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner. It uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia, but the design resembles"
"Zealand, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and the United States of America. Many African nations use the Pan-African colours of red, yellow, and green, including Ghana, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal. Flags containing red, white, and black (a subset of the Pan-Arab colours) can be found particularly among the Arab nations such as Egypt, Iraq, Syria and Yemen. While some similarities are coincidental, others are rooted in shared histories. For example, the flags of Colombia, of Ecuador, and of Venezuela all use variants of the flag of Gran Colombia, the country they composed upon their independence from Spain, created by the"