"books in France, and wrote a daily recipe for France-Soir for many years. She is played by American actress Helen Carey in the 2009 film ""Julie & Julia"". Louisette Bertholle Louisette Bertholle (26 October 1905 – 26 November 1999) was a French chef and author, best known as one of the three authors (with Julia Child and Simone Beck) of the bestselling cookbook ""Mastering the Art of French Cooking"". She was born Louisette Remion on October 26, 1905. Sometime after 1928, she married Paul Bertholle, a businessman. After World War II, Louisette Bertholle, who had the idea of writing a"
"of a recently invented device known as a lithotrite. Amussat has several eponyms related to him: Jean Zuléma Amussat Jean Zuléma Amussat (21 November 1796 – 13 May 1856) was a French surgeon. Amussat was born in Saint-Maixent, Deux-Sèvres. He became a renowned physician whose primary contributions were in the field of genitourinary surgery. Most of his work was through a private practice he held in Paris. He is remembered for the eponymous ""Amussat's method"" or ""torsion of the arteries"", which is a procedure used to arrest arterial hemorrhaging. He was also an early practitioner of lithotripsy, which was a"
"Louis Antoine Louis Antoine (23 November 1888 – 8 February 1971) was a French mathematician who discovered Antoine's necklace, which J. W. Alexander used to construct Antoine's horned sphere. He lost his eyesight in the first World War, at the age of 29. Louis Antoine was born in Mirecourt. He studied at the lycee in Nancy. His father was a director of a manufacturer of matchsticks. After this, he studied at the Collège de Compiègne. He was awarded the bacculareat in Latin and science in 1905 and the bacculareat in mathematics in 1906. He then attended École Normale Supérieure. Once"
"des Sciences in 1961. He died in 1971 after fracturing his neck. Louis Antoine Louis Antoine (23 November 1888 – 8 February 1971) was a French mathematician who discovered Antoine's necklace, which J. W. Alexander used to construct Antoine's horned sphere. He lost his eyesight in the first World War, at the age of 29. Louis Antoine was born in Mirecourt. He studied at the lycee in Nancy. His father was a director of a manufacturer of matchsticks. After this, he studied at the Collège de Compiègne. He was awarded the bacculareat in Latin and science in 1905 and the"
"Antoine Louis Antoine Louis (13 February 1723, Metz – 20 May 1792) was an 18th-century French surgeon and physiologist. He was originally trained in medicine by his father, a surgeon-major at a local military hospital. As a young man he moved to Paris, where he served as ""gagnant-maîtrise"" at the Salpêtrière. In 1750 he was appointed professor of physiology, a position he held for 40 years. In 1764 he was appointed lifetime secretary to the Académie Royale de Chirurgie. Louis published numerous articles on surgery, including several biographies of surgeons who died in his lifetime. He also published the surgical"
"Jean Louis Petit Jean-Louis Petit (13 March 1674 – 20 April 1750) was a French surgeon and the inventor of a screw-type tourniquet. He was first enthusiastic about anatomy and received a master's certificate in surgery in Paris in 1700. He became a member of the French Royal Academy of Sciences in 1715 and was named director of the French Royal Academy of Surgery by the king when it was created in 1731. He acquired great notoriety because of his skill and experience, thanks to his case reports of hemorrhage, lacrimal fistula and operation on the frenum, for his treatise"
"Maurice Luiset Maurice Luiset (1871 – 1935) was a French financier and entrepreneur who created several mainstream consumer-good products such as MIR, the world's oldest existing, and continental Europe's first detergent, the perfume Porte-Bonheur and a hygiene and beauty product La Mondiale. Maurice Luiset also owned one of the largest candle manufacturing businesses in France, a bee-keeping products business that sold under the brand name La Colombe and merchant ships that he used for import and export activities. He based his business operations out of Vienne, near Lyon, France. Maurice Luiset is best known for having created the first non-bleach"
"Sciences. Jean Civiale Jean Civiale (1792–1867) was a French surgeon and urologist, who, in 1832, invented a surgical instrument (the lithotrite) and performed transurethral lithotripsy, the first known minimally invasive surgery, to crush stones inside the bladder without having to open the abdomen (lithotomy). To remove a calculus, Civiale inserted his instrument through the urethra and bored holes in the stone. Afterwards, he crushed it with the same instrument and aspired the resulting fragments or let them flow normally with urine. Civiale founded the first urology service in the world, at the Necker Hospital in Paris. Civiale has been also"
"Pierre Bouchet Pierre Bouchet (6 January 1752 – 6 January 1794) was a French physician born in Lyon. He was trained in medicine in Paris as Pierre-Joseph Desault pupil then came home in Lyon Hôtel-Dieu where he became Head Surgeon. He was the first in France to modify then use a knotted-string snare device to ligate and remove uterus and vagina polyps. He also practiced ""internal necrosis"" surgery and tibia drilling. His son, Claude-Antoine Bouchet, was the first, in France, to ligate external iliac artery to cure groin aneurysm. Pierre Bouchet was always kind and good-hearted, so that his fellow"
"on bone diseases and especially for his general treatise on surgical operations, on which he worked for 12 years and which was finished after his death by François-Dominique Lesné (1722—1800). Jean Louis Petit Jean-Louis Petit (13 March 1674 – 20 April 1750) was a French surgeon and the inventor of a screw-type tourniquet. He was first enthusiastic about anatomy and received a master's certificate in surgery in Paris in 1700. He became a member of the French Royal Academy of Sciences in 1715 and was named director of the French Royal Academy of Surgery by the king when it was"
"an undescended testis. In 1907, after two fatal anesthetic accidents, Ombrédanne created a prototype of an inhaler as a safe anesthetic device. It consisted of a tin container as reservoir that was fitted with felt to absorb ether, a graduated air inlet, and a respiratory reserve chamber. This device was tested successfully on over 300 patients, and design modifications were later made. In 1929 Ombrédanne provided an early description of malignant hyperthermia, a condition he described as pallor with hyperthermia in newborns during anesthesia. The disorder is historically referred to as ""Ombrédanne syndrome"". Louis Ombrédanne Louis Ombrédanne (5 March 1871"
"Jean Civiale Jean Civiale (1792–1867) was a French surgeon and urologist, who, in 1832, invented a surgical instrument (the lithotrite) and performed transurethral lithotripsy, the first known minimally invasive surgery, to crush stones inside the bladder without having to open the abdomen (lithotomy). To remove a calculus, Civiale inserted his instrument through the urethra and bored holes in the stone. Afterwards, he crushed it with the same instrument and aspired the resulting fragments or let them flow normally with urine. Civiale founded the first urology service in the world, at the Necker Hospital in Paris. Civiale has been also recently"
"Among his 75 innovations,(see below) he also developed an electric massaging machine, an electric keyboard instrument based on Savart's wheel, a battery-powered wearable lifejacket, a water-jet propelled boat and a streamlined bicycle, as well as several children's toys. In 1902, Trouvé was working on his latest innovation, a small portable device which used ultra-violet light to treat skin diseases, the prototype of PUVA therapy when he accidentally cut his thumb and index finger. Neglecting the wound, septicemia set in and after amputations at the Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, the 63-year-old inventor died on July 27, 1902. When the obligatory concession for"
"of innovative diagnostic and surgical practices in the field of genitourinary medicine. He is remembered for his pioneer diagnostic work with the cystoscope, a device that was a recent invention of urologist Maximilian Nitze (1848–1906). In urology, the cystoscope is used for endoscopic detection of bladder tumors and other urinary disorders. With Felix Legueu (1863–1939) and Émile Forgue (1860–1943), the ""Dittel-Forgue-Legueu operation"" is named, defined as a surgical procedure for closure of vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF). A medical instrument used for treatment of stenosis of the urethra known as a ""Dittel urethral sound"" is named after him. Leopold Ritter von Dittel"
"citizens held him in the highest regard and esteem. He suffered a stroke and died under arrest on 1794 physically and psychologically exhausted by the Revolutionary armies siege of Lyon after the Revolt of the city against the National Convention. Pierre Bouchet Pierre Bouchet (6 January 1752 – 6 January 1794) was a French physician born in Lyon. He was trained in medicine in Paris as Pierre-Joseph Desault pupil then came home in Lyon Hôtel-Dieu where he became Head Surgeon. He was the first in France to modify then use a knotted-string snare device to ligate and remove uterus and"
"other chemical products and on the study of bee-keeping and the effect of bee pollination on tree varieties. Maurice Luiset died of pancreatic cancer in 1935, at the age of 64. Maurice Luiset Maurice Luiset (1871 – 1935) was a French financier and entrepreneur who created several mainstream consumer-good products such as MIR, the world's oldest existing, and continental Europe's first detergent, the perfume Porte-Bonheur and a hygiene and beauty product La Mondiale. Maurice Luiset also owned one of the largest candle manufacturing businesses in France, a bee-keeping products business that sold under the brand name La Colombe and merchant"
"of his apprentices also became well-known instrument makers, including Georges-Guillaume-Amatus Lüer, Louis-Joseph Mathieu, and Adolphe Collin in Paris; Josef Leiter in Vienna; and Camillus Nyrop in Copenhagen. He was inducted into the Legion of Honour in 1851, and died in 1876 in Paris. His name is used as a measuring unit for the outer diameter and the general size of urological instruments, endoscopes and catheters for a various purposes (1 Charrière = 1 mm outer circumference ~ 1/3 mm outer diameter). In English-speaking countries, the name ""Charrière"" was found difficult to pronounce. Thus, the term ""French"" was rapidly adopted in"
"Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis (14 April 178722 August 1872) was a French physician, clinician and pathologist known for his studies on tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and pneumonia, but Louis's greatest contribution to medicine was the development of the ""numerical method"", forerunner to epidemiology and the modern clinical trial, paving the path for evidence-based medicine. Louis was born in Ay, Champagne, the son of a wine merchant. He grew up during the French Revolution and initially thought to study law, later switching to medicine, graduating in 1813. His initial studies were in Reims, but he completed them in Paris. Louis"
"devices also usually used a crescent blade and a lunette (a hinged two part yoke to immobilize the victim's neck). Laquiante, an officer of the Strasbourg criminal court, designed a beheading machine and employed Tobias Schmidt, a German engineer and harpsichord maker, to construct a prototype. Antoine Louis is also credited with the design of the prototype. The memoirs of the official executioner claim that King Louis XVI (an amateur locksmith) recommended that an oblique blade be used instead of a crescent blade, lest the blade not fit all necks (ironically, the king's own was offered up discreetly as an"
"Joseph-Ignace Guillotin Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (; 28 May 1738 – 26 March 1814) was a French physician, politician and freemason who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to carry out death penalties in France, as a less painful method of execution. Although he really did not invent the guillotine, and in fact opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it. The actual inventor of the prototype was a man named Antoine Louis. Guillotin wrote an essay to get the degree of Master of Arts from the University of Bordeaux. This essay impressed the"
"he became Worshipful Master of the lodge ""La Concorde Fraternelle"" in Paris. In 1776 he founded the ""La Vérité"" lodge and was often attending Les Neuf Soeurs. Guillotin features in Andrew Miller's Costa prize winning novel ""Pure"" and in the ""Vampire Dawn"" series for teenage emerging readers by Anne Rooney. He is also a primary character in the 1992 novel ""Dr Guillotine"", written by the actor Herbert Lom. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (; 28 May 1738 – 26 March 1814) was a French physician, politician and freemason who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to"
"making improvement to a number of surgical instruments, including a forceps. Antoine Dubois Baron Antoine Dubois (19 June 1756 – 30 March 1837) was a French surgeon born in Gramat, department of Lot. As the consultant-surgeon, and head of maternity services to Napoleon and his wife the Empress Marie Louise of Austria, Dubois delivered their son and successor to the throne, Napoleon II. In 1798, he served as chief surgeon to the French Campaign of Egypt, He was the father of obstetrician Paul Antoine Dubois (1795–1871). Dubois was appointed a professor of surgery in 1790. On 22 August 1798 he"
"Antoine Molteni Pierre François Antoine Molteni (1786 – 7 January 1866), also known as Antoine Molteno or François Molteno, was a manufacturer and trader in optical instruments and other scientific equipment, who built the first devices used by Louis Daguerre and founded the ""Maison Molteni"" in Paris. Antoine Molteni was the son of Italian immigrant Joseph Antoine Balthazard Molteno, who came to Paris and began trading in optical instruments in 1782 in rue Sainte-Apolline. Balthazar Molteno was instrumental in the creation of the Robertson fantoscope and when he died on 4 April 1808 (aged 62), he passed on the business"
"Jean Mantelet Jean Mantelet (1900–19 January 1991) was a French inventor and industrialist who founded the kitchen appliance company Moulinex. He studied at HEC Paris and in 1922 Jean Mantelet establishes himself as a manufacturer of hand pumps and agricultural sprayers. In 1932, Mantelet invents prize-winning the ""Moulin-Légumes"", a hand-crank food mill for mashing and puréeing vegetables. The design is considered a forerunner to the modern food processor. In 1978 he was listed among the 25 top most wealthy people in France. From 1951 to 1973 he was a consultant on French foreign trade. He was a municipal councillor in"
"the guillotine was called a louisette. However, it was later named after Guillotin who had proposed that a less painful method of execution should be found in place of the breaking wheel, though he opposed the death penalty and bemoaned the association of the guillotine with his name. Louis Collenot d'Angremont was a royalist famed for having been the first guillotined for his political ideas, on 21 August 1792. From June 1793 to July 1794 (the Reign of Terror) about 17,000 people were guillotined. Former King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were executed at the guillotine in 1793. Towards"
"introducing aseptic practices to Hôtel-Dieu. A rare form of polyarthritis that occurs in patients with tuberculous infection is named after him, and is called ""Poncet's disease"". Following the assassination of Marie François Sadi Carnot in Lyon on 24 June 1894, Drs. Poncet and Ollier attended to the wounded French president. Today, the Prix Antonin Poncet is a monetary award issued by the Université Claude Bernard for surgical research. Antonin Poncet Antonin Poncet (28 March 1849, Saint-Trivier-sur-Moignans, Ain – 16 September 1913) was a French surgeon. Son of Jean Joseph Poncet and Catherine Jeanne Chabalier, he was inspired by his grandfather"
"lithotomes (stone cutter) and cystotomes (bladder cutter), urethrotomes (for incisions of the urethra) and conductors (grooved probes used as guides for stone extraction). The patient is placed in a special position in a lithotomy operating table, called the lithotomy position (which, curiously, retains this name until the present day, when the same position is used for other unrelated medical procedures). Transurethral lithotripsy, which was much simpler and with lower morbidity, complication and mortality rates, was invented by French surgeon Jean Civiale (1792–1867) and largely substituted for surgical lithotomy, unless the crushing of calculi was difficult or impossible. Famous people who"
"for cavities of the human body 1878 Telephones and improvement of the microphone 1880 Improved Siemens motor 1881 Manufacture of magnets 1881 Luminous electric jewels 1881 Electric boat 1881 Miniaturized dental drill 1881 Marine outboard motor 1881 Electric tricycle 1883 Underwater lighting. 1883 Trouvé-Hélot frontal headlamp 1883 Electric vehicle headlamp 1884 Electric safety lamp 1885 Electrical apparatus for lighting physiology and chemistry laboratories 1885 Underwater lighting used during the Suez Canal 1886 New system for constructing propellers 1886 Electric siren as an alarm signal 1887 Working model electric helicopter (tethered) 1887 Electric auxanoscope (image projector) 1889 Electric counter 1889 Dynamo"
"that was to contain every watch complication known at that time as a gift to Marie Antoinette. The result is a Breguet's masterpiece, the ""Marie-Antoinette pocket watch"" (Breguet No.160). The business was a success, and around 1807 Abraham-Louis Breguet took on his son Louis-Antoine as his partner, renaming the firm ""Breguet et Fils"" (Breguet and Sons). Louis-Antoine took over the firm upon the death of his father in 1823. After Louis-Antoine retired in 1833 (he died in 1858) the business was passed to Abraham-Louis' grandson Louis Clément Francois (1804–1883). Abraham-Louis' great-grandson Louis Antoine (1851–1882) was the last of the Breguet"
"simple operations such as chemical cauterization. The main improvements in his device were the use of a gasogene lamp, which consisted of a burning mixture of alcohol and turpentine and provided superior illumination to previous technologies, and improvements in focusing the light coming from the endoscope. His work was considered the state of the art until the invention of electric illumination once again revolutionized the field. He also wrote a textbook titled ""De l’endoscope"" which helped popularize the procedure. Antonin Jean Desormeaux Antonin Jean Desormeaux was a 19th-century French physician and inventor who has been called the ""father of endoscopy"","
"Marie Colinet Marie Colinet (Fabry) (ca. 1560 - ca. 1640) was a midwife and female surgeon who introduced the use of heat for dilating and stimulating the uterus during labor. In addition, she performed caesarian sections successfully, and also was the first woman to use a magnet to extract a piece of metal from a patient's eye. Marie Colinet was born in Geneva, Switzerland in 1560, the daughter of a Swiss printer. Her work spanned the late 16th and early 17th centuries. She was originally a midwife in Geneva. On July 25, 1587, at St. Gervais church in Geneva, she"
"death of Antoine aged 70 in 1886, his two sons Eugène and Camille established a new factory in the , in the same area of Paris as the organ building firms Gasparini and Gavioli. A steam engine was installed in 1890, and the company expanded at a fast pace. The two brothers attended many international expositions including those at London (1888), Chicago (1893), Amsterdam (1895) and St Louis (1904). In total, between 1849 and 1906, 29 medals from the expositions were awarded to the Limonaire company. Between 1895 and 1916, the company filed patents for twelve inventions and one brand"
"it ""St. Louis"" in memory of Louis IX, who died of the dysentery that devastated Tunis in 1270. Today, Hôpital Saint-Louis uses its historical premises (parts of which are classified as historical monuments) for administrative functions. Following the 1980s new modern additions were made to house the current hospital and teaching hospital. Its primary specialties are dermatology and hematology, as well as oncology. The dermatology library was founded by Dr Henri Feulard. The hospital employs 2,500 people, one thousand of which are in the medical profession. It houses the INSERM Institute of Research on Skin and the René Touraine Foundation."