In which country do the majority (over 1 million) of Dromedary camels live in the wild, having been introduced there in the 1840s?
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"Dromedaries alive today are domesticated animals (mostly living in the Horn of Africa, the Sahel, Maghreb, Middle East and South Asia). The Horn region alone has the largest concentration of camels in the world, where the dromedaries constitute an important part of local nomadic life. They provide nomadic people in Somalia (which has the largest camel herd in the world) and Ethiopia with milk, food, and transportation. Around 700,000 dromedary camels are now feral in Australia, descended from those introduced as a method of transport in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This population is growing about 8% per year."
"cargo, allowing substantial trans-Saharan trade for the first time. In Libya, dromedaries were used for transport and their milk and meat constituted the local diet. Dromedaries were also shipped from south-western Asia to Spain, Italy, Turkey, France, Canary Islands, the Americas and Australia. Dromedaries were introduced into Spain in 1020 AD and to Sicily in 1059 AD. Camels were exported to the Canary Islands in 1405 during the European colonisation of the area, and are still extant there, especially in Lanzarote and to the south of Fuerteventura. Attempts to introduce dromedaries into the Caribbean, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil were"
"Representatives of the Australian government have culled more than 100,000 of the animals in part because the camels use too much of the limited resources needed by sheep farmers. A small population of introduced camels, dromedaries and Bactrians, wandered through Southwestern United States after having been imported in the 19th century as part of the U.S. Camel Corps experiment. When the project ended, they were used as draft animals in mines and escaped or were released. Twenty-five U.S. camels were bought and imported to Canada during the Cariboo Gold Rush. The Bactrian camel is, , reduced to an estimated 1.4"
"decreased from 1.1 million in 1994 to 0.8 million in 2005 – a 29% decline. According to the FAO, the dromedary population in six countries of the Persian Gulf was nearly 0.67 million in 2003. In the Persian Gulf region the dromedary is locally classified into breeds including Al-Majahem, Al-Hamrah, Al-Safrah, Al-Zarkah and Al-Shakha, based on coat colour. The UAE has three prominent breeds; Racing camel, Al-Arabiat and Al-Kazmiat. The dromedary was probably first domesticated in Somalia or the Arabian Peninsula about 4,000 years ago. In the ninth or tenth century BC, the dromedary became popular in the Near East."
"for three to five years, until it reaches sexual maturity, and often serves to help raise subsequent generations for those years. Wild camels sometimes breed with domesticated or feral camels. The Bactrian camel is thought to have been domesticated (independent of the dromedary) sometime before 2500 BC in Northeast Afghanistan or southwestern Turkestan. The dromedary camel is believed to have been domesticated between 4000 BC and 2000 BC in Arabia. As pack animals, these ungulates are virtually unsurpassed, able to carry at a rate of 47 km (30 miles) per day, or 4 km/h (2 mph) over a period of"
"size of . In another study, pregnancy in females could be recognized as early as 40 to 45 days of gestation by the swelling of the left uterine horn, where 99.5% of pregnancies were located. The dromedary has not occurred in the wild for nearly 2,000 years. Wild dromedaries inhabited arid regions, particularly the Sahara Desert. The original range of the camel's wild ancestors was probably southern Asia and the Arabian peninsula. Its range included hot, arid regions of northern Africa, Ethiopia, the Near East and western and central Asia. The dromedary typically thrives in areas with a long dry"
"Australian feral camel Australian feral camels are feral populations consisting of two species of camel: mostly dromedaries (""Camelus dromedarius"") but also some Bactrian camels (""Camelus bactrianus""). Imported into Australia from British India and Afghanistan during the 19th century for transport and construction during the colonisation of the central and western parts of Australia, many were released into the wild after motorised transport replaced the use of camels in the early 20th century, resulting in a fast-growing feral population. By 2008, it was feared that Central Australia's feral camel population had grown to about one million and was projected to double"
"or more, is made of fat bound together by fibrous tissue. Dromedaries are mainly active during daylight hours. They form herds of about 20 individuals, which are led by a dominant male. This camel feeds on foliage and desert vegetation; several adaptations, such as the ability to tolerate losing more than 30% of its total water content, allow it to thrive in its desert habitat. Mating occurs annually and peaks in the rainy season; females bear a single calf after a gestation of 15 months. The dromedary has not occurred naturally in the wild for nearly 2,000 years. It was"
"skills and acquired their own animals, extending their mobility and independence in a rapidly changing frontier society. Camels still regularly appear as a motif in Indigenous Australian art. With the introduction of motorised transportation in the 1920s and 1930s, some cameleers released their camels into the wild. Well suited to the arid conditions of Central Australia, these camels became the source for the large population of feral camels still existing today. Australia has the largest population of feral camels and the only herd of dromedary (one-humped) camels exhibiting wild behaviour in the world. In 2008, the number of feral camels"
"made between the 17th and 19th centuries; some were imported to the western United States in the 1850s and some to Namibia in the early 1900s, but presently they exist in small numbers or are absent in these areas. In 1840, about six camels were shipped from Tenerife to Adelaide, but only one survived the journey to arrive on 12 October that year. The animal, a male called Harry, was owned by the explorer John Ainsworth Horrocks. Harry was ill-tempered but was included in an expedition the following year because he could carry heavy loads. The next major group of"
"shares the genus ""Camelus"" with the Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") and the wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus""). The dromedary belongs to the family Camelidae. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (4th century BC) was the first to describe the species of ""Camelus"". He named two species in his ""History of Animals""; the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The dromedary was given its current binomial name ""Camelus dromedarius"" by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication ""Systema Naturae"". In 1927, British veterinarian Arnold Leese classified dromedaries by their basic habitats; the hill camels are small, muscular animals and"
"Province of southwest Kazakhstan and the Nubra Valley in India. Bactrian camels, whether domesticated or feral, are a separate species from the wild Bactrian camel which is the only truly wild (as opposed to feral) species of camel in the world. The Bactrian camel shares the genus ""Camelus"" with the dromedary (""C. dromedarius"") and the wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus""). The Bactrian camel belongs to the family Camelidae. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to describe the species of ""Camelus"": in his 4th-century-BC ""History of Animals"" he identified the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The"
"and Mongolian Gobi deserts, on domestic Bactrian camels. In 2004 the WCPF established the Hunter Hall Captive Wild Camel Breeding Centre at Zakhyn Us in Mongolia, housing twelve wild camels, which had been rescued from being captured by Mongolian herdsmen. This is the only place in the world where the wild camel is held in captivity apart from two zoos in China. In 2010 the population had increased to twenty-five. The Veterinary University of Vienna published a paper after 5 years of genetic tests on samples from these camels, stating that they were of a \previously unknown species of camel"
"now critically endangered. The word ""camel"" is derived via and (""kamēlos"") from Hebrew or Phoenician: ""gāmāl"". Used informally, ""camel"" (or, more correctly, ""camelid"") refers to any of the seven members of the family Camelidae: the dromedary, the Bactrian, and the wild Bactrian (the true camels), plus the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña (the ""New World"" camelids). The dromedary (""C. dromedarius""), also known as the ""Arabian camel"", inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, while the Bactrian (""C. bactrianus"") inhabits Central Asia, including the historical region of Bactria. The critically endangered wild Bactrian (""C. ferus"") is"
"can be found in Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan as well. The F1 can be further hybridized. An F1 female can mate with a male Bactrian camel: the result is a B1 backcross Bactrian. It generally has two humps and is faster than a common Bactrian and stronger than a dromedary. It can walk over snow, ice, and mud and is suitable even for mountain trails; this type can be found mostly in Kazakhstan. When an F1 female mates with a dromedary, the result is an B1 backcross dromedary, a slightly stronger dromedary and a rare type nowadays. Hybrid camel"
"Brunei, and Malaysia, where disease-free wild camels are prized as a delicacy. Australia's camels are also exported as breeding stock for Arab camel racing stables, and for use in tourist venues in places such as the United States. Exports to Saudi Arabia where camel meat is consumed began in 2002. There are also two popular camel racing events in Central Australia, the Camel Cup in Alice Springs and the Uluru Camel Cup at Uluru Camel Tours at Uluru. Australian feral camel Australian feral camels are feral populations consisting of two species of camel: mostly dromedaries (""Camelus dromedarius"") but also some"
"during daylight); free-ranging herds feed and roam throughout the day, though they rest during the hottest hours around noon. The night is mainly spent resting. Dromedaries form cohesive groups of about 20 individuals, which consist of several females led by a dominant male. Females may also lead in turns. Some males either form bachelor groups or roam alone. Herds may congregate to form associations of hundreds of camels during migrations at the time of natural disasters. The males of the herd prevent female members from interacting with bachelor males by standing or walking between them and sometimes driving the bachelor"
"It is important for several Bedouin pastoralist tribes of northern Arabia, such as the Ruwallah, the Bani Sakhr and the Mutayr. Although the role of the camel is diminishing with the advent of technology and modern means of transport, it is still an efficient mode of communication in remote and less-developed areas. The dromedary has been used in warfare since the 2nd century BC, and it remains popular for racing, particularly in the Arab world. Riding camels of Arabia, Egypt and the Sahara are locally known as the Dilool, the Hageen and the Mehara respectively; several local breeds are included"
"Desert. Humans may have first domesticated dromedaries in Somalia and southern Arabia around 3,000 BC, and Bactrian camels in central Asia around 2,500 BC, as at Shar-i Sokhta (also known as the Burnt City), Iran. Discussions concerning camel domestication in Mesopotamia often reference mentions of camels in the Hebrew Bible. The ""International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J"", for instance, mentions: ""In accord with patriarchal traditions, cylinder seals from Middle Bronze Age Mesopotamia showed riders seated upon camels."" Martin Heide's 2010 work on the domestication of the camel tentatively concludes that humans had domesticated the Bactrian camel by at least the middle"
"and allowed to go feral on island waypoints frequented by mariners, to serve as a ready food source. The dromedary camel, which has been domesticated for well over 3,000 years, will also readily go feral. A substantial population of feral dromedaries, descended from pack animals that escaped in the 19th and early 20th centuries, thrives in the Australian interior today. Water buffalo run rampant in Western and Northern Australia. The Australian government encourages the hunting of feral water buffalo because of their large numbers. Cattle have been domesticated since the neolithic era, but can do well enough on open range"
"their hybrid has given rise to speculation that the Bactrian camel and the dromedary should be merged into a single species with two varieties. However, a 1994 analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene revealed that the species display 10.3% divergence in their sequences. The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") was first described by Nikolay Przhevalsky in the late 19th century and has now been established as a distinct species from the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus)"". Zoological opinion nowadays tends to favour the idea that ""C. bactrianus"" and ""C. dromedarius"" are descendants of two different subspecies of ""C. ferus"" (Peters"
"for the horses is treated similarly to an Appellation d'origine contrôlée. The Camargue horse was introduced in the 1970s to the Po delta in Italy, where under the name ""Cavallo del Delta"" it is treated as an indigenous breed. In 2011 the registered population numbered 163. There is a specific terminology in the Provençal dialect that is used when discussing Camargue horses: Some researchers believe the Camargue are descended from the ancient Solutré horse hunted during the Upper Paleolithic period. Extensive archeological evidence has been found in the present-day Burgundy region of France. The Camargue breed was appreciated by the"
"Dromedarii Dromedarii were camel riding auxiliary forces recruited in the desert provinces of the Late Roman Empire in Syria. They were developed to take the place of horses, where horses were not common. They were also successful against enemy horses, as horses are typically afraid of camels' scents. Camels were seen as exotic and useful creatures, known for their ability to move over desert terrain. It is noted that dromedaries were used less often than camels, though the title ""Dromedarii"" may imply that dromedaries were used more often. However, the Romans could not distinguish between camels and dromedaries, thus using"
"Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia; now only domesticated or feral?), Sakhalin Island, and USA (Northern Idaho and the Great Lakes region). Reindeer were introduced to, and feral in, Iceland, Kerguelen Islands, South Georgia Island, Pribilof Islands, St. Matthew Island."" There is strong regional variation in ""Rangifer"" herd size. There are large population differences among individual herds and the size of individual herds has varied greatly since 1970. The largest of all herds (in Taimyr, Russia) has varied between 400,000 and 1,000,000; the second largest herd (at the George River in Canada) has varied between 28,000 and 385,000. While ""Rangifer"" is a"
"Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Russia, Romania, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines (Jolo Island), Poland, Sweden, Finland, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Maryland, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Virginia, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Maine, Wyoming, Washington, and Kansas). In many cases, they were originally introduced as ornamental animals in parklands, but have established themselves in the wild. On Spieden Island in the San Juan Islands of Washington, they were introduced as a game animal. In the UK and Ireland, several distinct feral populations now exist. Some of these are in isolated areas, for example on the island of Lundy, but others"
"Cama (animal) A cama is a hybrid between a male dromedary camel and a female llama, and has been produced via artificial insemination at the Camel Reproduction Centre in Dubai. The first cama was born on January 14, 1998. The aim was to create an animal capable of higher wool production than the llama, with the size and strength of a camel and a cooperative temperament. An adult dromedary camel can weigh up to six times as much as a llama, so the hybrid needs to be produced by artificial insemination. Insemination of a female llama with sperm from a"
"""dromas"", δρομάς (ο, η) ( ""dromados"", δρομάδος), meaning ""running"" or ""runner"", used in Greek in the combination (""dromas kamelos""), literally ""running camel"", to refer to the dromedary. The first recorded use in English of the name ""dromedary"" occurred in the 14th century. The dromedary possibly originated in Arabia and is therefore sometimes referred to as the Arabian camel. The word ""camel"" generally refers either to the dromedary or the congeneric Bactrian; it may have been derived from the Latin word ""camelus"", the Greek ""kamēlos"", or an old Semitic language such as the Hebrew ""gāmāl"" or the Arabic ""ǧamal"". The dromedary"
"whereas a Bactrian camel has an annual yield of nearly . Dromedaries under the age of two years have a fine undercoat that tends to fall off and should be cropped by hand. Little information about camel hides has been collected but they are usually of inferior quality and are less preferred for manufacturing leather. Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall."
"plants known as Indigofera. There are operating camel farms at Kings Creek Station near Uluru, Calamunnda Camel Farm in Western Australia, Camels Australia at Stuart Well south of Alice Springs and Pyndan Camel Tracks in Alice Springs. Australia’s first commercial scale camel dairy, Australian Wild Camel Corporation, was established in 2015 in Clarendon, Queensland. There are also several small-scale camel dairies: QCamel in Central Queensland, in New South Wales' Upper Hunter District, Camel Milk Australia in South Burnett, Queensland, and Australian Camel Dairies near Perth in Western Australia. Live camels are occasionally exported to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates,"
"2004 with 12 wild camels which had been caught by Mongolian herdsmen. There were 22 wild camels at the breeding centre in 2014 and in 2013 two bull wild camels were released into the reserve with satellite collars. One of them has formed his own herd with five female wild camels. The breeding centre which is financed by the Wild Camel Protection Foundation <www.wildcamels.com> and administered by the Director of Gobi ""A"" covers 40 hectares. In 2008 the Veterinary University of Vienna confirmed after extensive DNA testing that the wild camel was a new and separate species which separated from"
"8,200 BC was found in Saudi Arabia on the southern coast of the Red Sea. In 1975, Richard Bulliet of Columbia University wrote that the dromedary exists in large numbers in areas from which the Bactrian camel has disappeared; the converse is also true to a great extent. He said this substitution could have taken place because of the heavy dependence on the milk, meat and wool of the dromedary by Syrian and Arabian nomads, while the Asiatic people domesticated the Bactrian camel but did not have to depend upon its products. The dromedary is the tallest of the three"
"into a single species with two varieties. However, a 1994 analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed the species display 10.3% divergence in their sequences. The dromedary has 74 diploid chromosomes, the same as other camelids. The autosomes consist of five pairs of small to medium-sized metacentrics and submetacentrics. The X chromosome is the largest in the metacentric and submetacentric group. There are 31 pairs of acrocentrics. The dromedary's karyotype is similar to that of the Bactrian camel. Camel hybridisation began in the first millennium BC. For about a thousand years, Bactrian camels and dromedaries have been successfully bred"