The sedia gestatoria, a portable throne that was in use till 1978 was used to carry whom?
"armoured. Sedia gestatoria The gestatorial chair (""sedia gestatoria"" in Italian, lit. ""chair for carrying"") was a ceremonial throne on which Popes were carried on shoulders until 1978, and later replaced outdoors in part with the Popemobile. It consists of a richly adorned, silk-covered armchair, fastened on a ""suppedaneum"", on each side of which are two gilded rings; through these rings pass the long rods with which twelve footmen (""palafrenieri""), in red uniforms, carry the throne on their shoulders. On prior occasions, as in the case of Pope Stephen III, popes were carried on the shoulders of men. The ""sedia gestatoria"""
"tiara bearing three crowns. The papal tiara was never worn for liturgical celebrations, such as Mass. At such functions the Pope, like other bishops, wore a mitre. However, a tiara was worn during the solemn entrance and departure processions, and one or more could be placed on the altar during the elaborately ceremonial Pontifical High Mass. The tiara was thus worn in formal ceremonial processions, and on other occasions when the pope was carried on the ""sedia gestatoria"", a portable throne whose use was ended by Pope John Paul II immediately after his election in October 1978. His short-lived predecessor,"
"called the ""sedia gestatoria"". Originally, the ""sedia"" was used as part of the elaborate procession surrounding papal ceremonies that was believed to be the most direct heir of pharaonic splendor, and included a pair of flabella (fans made from ostrich feathers) to either side. Pope John Paul I at first abandoned the use of these implements, but later in his brief reign began to use the ""sedia"" so that he could be seen more easily by the crowds. However, he did not restore the use of the flabella. The use of the ""sedia"" was abandoned by Pope John Paul II"
"Maria in Aracoeli. Pope John Paul I initially declined to use the ceremonial throne carried on shoulders, along with several other symbols of papal authority, but was eventually convinced that it was necessary to make him visible to the crowds in Saint Peter's Square. He was the last pope to use the portable throne. Pope John Paul II discontinued the use of a throne carried on shoulders in 1978. Neither of his successors, Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis, has revived it. The ""sedia gestatoria"" has been replaced outdoors by the motorized ""Popemobile"", which is often heavily protected and even"
"but many sources indicate the use of the sedia is of a much earlier date, probably being derived from rituals accompanying the leadership of the ancient Roman Empire. It was used in the solemn ceremonies of the coronation of a new pope until the enthronement ceremony was abandoned altogether. It also was used for solemn entries of the pope to St. Peter's or to public consistories. In the first case, three bundles of tow were burnt before the newly elected pontiff, who sits on the ""sedia gestatoria"", while a master of ceremonies says: """"Pater Sancte, sic transit gloria mundi"""" (Holy"
"on the ""sedia gestatoria"" (portable throne), was based on the Byzantine imperial ceremonies witnessed in medieval Constantinople. Medieval tarot cards included a card showing a woman wearing a papal tiara and known as the ""Popess or Papess"" or the ""High Priestess"". The meaning and symbolism of the card is uncertain. The crowned woman has variously been identified as Pope Joan (a woman who according to a medieval and later Protestant legend had disguised herself as a man and been elected pope; some cards also show a child, and the Pope Joan legend pictured her as found out when she gave"
"""SCV 1"", but plates ""SCV 2"" to ""SCV 9"" have also been used. The precursor to the popemobile was the ""sedia gestatoria"", which was a chair carried on the shoulders of papal attendants. This fell out of use after the incumbency of Pope Paul VI in 1978. Pope John Paul I succeeded Pope Paul VI and reigned for only 33 days before his death, and he was the last pope who used the ""sedia gestatoria"". Since the beginning of the 20th century, many automotive manufacturers have produced specially designed vehicles for the Pope. The Ford Motor Company produced a series"
"Pope John Paul II disbanded the chair-bearers in 1978. However papal ushers (Italian ""Gentiluomo di sua santità"") carried him on his death in 2005. Sediari The Sediari pontifici () were chair-bearers of the pope on the sedia gestatoria. Originally servants of the papal household they later became a lay confraternity. The origins of the chair-bearers lie in medieval times, earlier even than the Swiss Guards. The earlier red-dressed papal grooms or palafrenieri were a different group of papal servants, originally liverymen for the papal carriage, then an influential Confraternity, then finally merged with the sediari. The sediari and parafrenieri constituted"
"made of white ostrich-feathers. The ""sedia gestatoria"" was used for the Pope's solemn entrance into a church or hall and for his departure on the occasion of liturgical celebrations such as a papal Mass and for papal audiences. The use of the ""flabella"" was discontinued by Pope Paul VI, and that of the ""sedia gestatoria"" by Pope John Paul II. The Pope wears the Pallium over his chasuble when celebrating Mass. The pallium is a circular band of fabric about two inches wide, from which two twelve-inch-long pendants hang down, one in the front and one in back. It is"
"each side. Besides the use of the Sedia Gestatoria at the coronation of the pope (which seems to date from the beginning of the sixteenth century) it served in the past on different other occasions, for instance when the pope received the yearly tribute of the Kingdom of Naples and of the other fiefs, and also, at least since the fifteenth century, when he carried the Blessed Sacrament publicly, in which case the Sedia Gestatoria took a different form, a table being fixed in front of the throne. Pius X made use of this on the occasion of the Eucharistic"
"John Paul I, also chose initially not to use it, but relented when informed that without it the people could not see him. The papal tiara was also worn when a pope gave his traditional Christmas and Easter ""Urbi et Orbi"" blessing (""to the City and the World"") from the balcony of St Peter's – the only religious ceremony at which the tiara was worn. The most famous occasion when the triple tiara was used was the papal coronation, a six-hour ceremony, when the new pope was carried in state on the ""sedia gestatoria"" ""(portable throne – see image of"
"their prescribed order of precedence. A thurifer and seven acolytes accompanied the cross-bearer, and the apostolic subdeacon carried the Gospel Book (a function now reserved to a deacon). At the end of the procession the pope was carried into the basilica on the ""sedia gestatoria"" and with the two ""flabella"" borne on either side. He was accompanied by an entourage which included the Swiss Guards in their colorful uniforms and members of the Roman nobility in formal court dress. At times, a canopy was carried above his head. Two protonotaries apostolic raised the front of the falda as the pope"
"Sediari The Sediari pontifici () were chair-bearers of the pope on the sedia gestatoria. Originally servants of the papal household they later became a lay confraternity. The origins of the chair-bearers lie in medieval times, earlier even than the Swiss Guards. The earlier red-dressed papal grooms or palafrenieri were a different group of papal servants, originally liverymen for the papal carriage, then an influential Confraternity, then finally merged with the sediari. The sediari and parafrenieri constituted a Confraternity from 1378. Pius IV allowed them in 1565 to erect the chiesa di Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri, designed by Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola."
"habit must have proven quite persistent, for the Third Council of Braga in 675 AD saw the need to order that bishops, when carrying the relics of martyrs in procession, must walk to the church, and not be carried in a chair, or litter, by deacons clothed in white. In the Catholic Church, Popes were carried the same way in Sedia gestatoria, which was replaced later by the Popemobile. A palanquin is a covered litter, usually for one passenger. It is carried by an even number of bearers (between two and eight, but most commonly four) on their shoulders, by"
"Coronation Chair The Coronation Chair, known historically as St Edward's Chair or King Edward's Chair, is an ancient wooden chair on which British monarchs sit when they are invested with regalia and crowned at their coronations. It was commissioned in 1296 by King Edward I to contain the coronation stone of Scotland—known as the Stone of Destiny—which had been captured from the Scots who kept it at Scone Abbey. The chair was named after Edward the Confessor, and was previously kept in his shrine at Westminster Abbey. The high-backed, Gothic-style armchair was carved from oak at some point between the"
"Father, so passes the glory of the world). The custom of carrying the newly elected pope, and formerly in some countries, a newly elected bishop to his church, can be traced back centuries and is comparable with the Roman use of the ""sella curulis"", on which newly elected consuls were carried through the city. Magnus Felix Ennodius, Bishop of Pavia, records in his ""Apologia pro Synodo"", ""Gestatoriam sellam apostolicae confessionis"", alluding to the Cathedra S. Petri, still preserved in the choir of St. Peter's at Rome. This is a portable wooden armchair, inlaid with ivory, with two iron rings on"
"Golden Howdah The Golden Howdah (elephant seat or Chinnada Ambari in Kannada) is a howdah, the carrier mounted on the leading elephant during the Jamboo Savari (Elephant Procession) of the famous Mysore Dasara. It is the cynosure of all eyes during the famous Dasara festivities. Since 2012, it has been carried by Arjuna. The exact date of its making is not known. The 750-kg-howdah, used in the Jamboo Savari (elephant procession) on the Vijayadashami day, has two wide seats in rows, bigger than the interiors of a family car. The Rajas of Mysore used this howdah in the famous Dasara"
"used a carriage that belonged to Pope Leo XIII to spend his Thursdays bringing the image on ""house calls"" to the sick who were unable to get to the Basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli. Until the beginning of the 20th century a coach of Prince Torlonia stood ready day and night to bring the Bambino to the bedside of a sick person. Alessandro Torlonia, 2nd Prince of Civitella-Cesi Prince ""Don"" Alessandro Raffaele Torlonia, Prince of Fucino, Prince of Civitella-Cesi, Duke of Ceri (January 1, 1800 – February 7, 1886) was an Italian nobleman of the House of Torlonia. titled"
"and falda, vestments otherwise reserved for the Pope. A unique mitre, similar to the papal tiara, was conceded at the same time. The Patriarch was also allowed to use a sedia gestatoria along with two flabella for processions — the practice of receiving Holy Communion at the throne in solemn Masses was not conceded to the Patriarch of Lisbon, however. Also notably, the Patriarch of Lisbon can use a papal tiara (without the cross keys of Saint Peter) over his coat of arms. Patriarch of Lisbon The Patriarch of Lisbon (, ), also called the Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon once he"
"Spanish monarchy and is used for state occasions. The throne located in the Hall of State at the Stockholm Palace is called the Silver Throne and was commissioned for the coronation of Queen Kristina in 1650. It was last used by the present king, Carl XVI Gustaf, on his accession to the throne in 1973 and at the State Opening of Parliament in 1974. For the coronation of king Adolf Frederick and Queen Louisa Ulrica in 1750 two coronation thrones where made. Both are placed at the Stockholm palace, and one is on display in the ""Lovisa Ulrica audience chamber""."
"when transferred to another governorship, storms repeatedly drove his ship back, so that he left the statue there. Another source gives the name of Saint Teresa's brother as Don Lorenzo de Cepeda and repeats the story of the storm forcing him to leave the statue in what was then called Chamulpa and is now El Viejo. The solemn liturgical crowning of the statue by the natives took place in 1747, the papal bull of 28 December 1989 granted her the right to wear a Pontifical crown by Pope John Paul II raised her sanctuary to the status of Minor Basilica"
"him, approaching one by one and kissing his hand. Then the archbishops and bishops approached and kissed his feet. Following this, at least from the beginning of the 16th century, the newly elected pope was carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the ""sedia gestatoria"", under a white canopy, with the papal flabella (ceremonial fans) to either side. Instead of the papal tiara, he wore a jewelled mitre (the episcopal ""mitra pretiosa""). Three times, the procession was stopped, and a bundle of flax lashed to a gilded staff was burnt before the newly elected pontiff, while a master of"
"of Hereditary Standard-Bearer, who was responsible for carrying the standard of the Catholic Church. After 1870, the Noble Guard, now reduced to a force of fewer than 70 men, performed mainly ceremonial duties as an honor guard. Guardsmen most commonly appeared in public when the pope presided over ceremonies in Saint Peter's Basilica. When the pope was carried in the sedia gestatoria, Noble Guards walked alongside the papal chair. During the hours reserved for papal audiences, guardsmen also stood in the antechamber of the papal apartments and, on formal occasions, on either side of the papal throne. During the Second"
"taken with them into exile in 1931 (proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic) and stayed out of Spain until 1975. At present, the Royal Family owns a series of privately owned tiaras. Regalia of Spain The Spanish Royal Crown may refer to either the heraldic crown, which does not exist physically; or the crown known as the ""corona tumular"", a physical crown used during proclamation ceremonies since the 18th century. The last time the crown was shown at a public ceremony was in the ""Cortes Generales"" during the swearing-in of His Majesty King Felipe VI on 19 June 2014 after"
"St. Peter. It is a Byzantine throne with framed fragments of acacia wood encased in the oak carcass and reinforced with iron bands. It was long believed to have been used by the Apostle Saint Peter, but the Vatican recognises that the chair was a gift from Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald to Pope John VIII in 875. Several rings facilitated its transportation during processions. Pope Alexander VII commissioned Bernini to build a monument to display this relic in a triumphant manner. Bernini's gilded bronze throne, richly ornamented with ""bas-reliefs"", encloses the relic. On January 17, 1666 it was"
"or 8 ""varales"" depending on the size of the throne. Depending on weight, some can weigh up to 5 tonnes, a throne requires between 120 and 270 ""portadores"" (beares) to moved. Each person can carry between 20 and 40 kilograms of weight, during the time of the procession, from 6 to 14 hours. At the front of the throne’s ""varales"" there is a big bell. This is rung with a hammer by the Throne Butler (the chief of the Throne Men) to guide and stop to rest the bearers. The sculptures are located at the top of the throne and"
"used to hold up the mantilla. Before the throne are placed a group of six or eight acolytes dressed in vestments, many of them wearing dalmatics; the ""ceroferarios"" who carries the ""ciriales"" or processional candlestick; and the ""thurifers"" who carries the thurible where incense is burned and it is dispersed. The thrones, in others places called pasos, are enormous platforms where are located the sculptures that depict different scenes from the gospels related to the Passion of Christ or the Sorrows of Virgin Mary. Each brotherhood usually exhibit two thrones, the first one would be a sculpted scene of the"
"India in 1947, but, like other princes, was allowed to hold on to the titles and privileges of princely India, including an annual remuneration, called the privy purse. Upon his death in 1961, his son, Madhavrao Scindia (Jyotiraditya's father) became the titular Maharajah of Gwalior. However, he was to be the last, as, in the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and privy purses. He is married to Priyadarshini Raje Scindia of the Gaekwad family of Baroda. Scindia was elected to the"
"the Virgin's thrones are covered by an ornate canopy secured to the ""cajillo"" by 12 or 16 palio bars. From the front, back and sides of the canopy hang the ""bambalinas"", velvet or mesh draperies embroidered in gold, plate and silk. In front of the image of the Virgin is placed the ""candelería"", a set of candlesticks which are placed in a stepped layout. Thrones are carried on the shoulders of men and women, called men of thrones or bearers, through long bars or beams called ""varales"", which usually measure between 8 and 14 meters long. Each throne has 6"
"heavier than the Palatine Tiara previously in use. Near the end of the third session of the Second Vatican Council in 1964, Paul VI descended the steps of the papal throne in St. Peter's Basilica and ascended to the altar, on which he laid the tiara as a sign of the renunciation of human glory and power in keeping with the renewed spirit of the council. It was announced that the tiara would be sold and the money obtained would be given to charity. The tiara was purchased by Catholics in the United States and is now kept in the"
"Thom"" Throne (พระที่นั่งพุดตานถม; ), a chair on a raised platform. The Throne is flanked by two seven-tiered umbrellas, while the throne itself is topped by a Royal Nine-Tiered Umbrella. Behind the throne is a tapestry depicting a fiery intertwined chakra and trishula or the 'Chakri', the emblem of the dynasty. The throne has been used by the king during important state occasions, such as the welcoming or accrediting of foreign diplomats and missions. The room itself has also been used by King Rama IX to welcome foreign dignitaries and heads of state, such as Queen Elizabeth II, President Bill Clinton"
"Skouterios The skouterios (, ""shield-bearer"") was a Byzantine court office in the 13th–14th centuries, whose role was to carry the emperor's personal standard, the ""divellion"". The office is very obscure, and is rarely mentioned in the sources. Although it is attested from the 13th century on in the Empire of Nicaea, most of what is known about it comes from the ""Book of Offices"", written by pseudo-Kodinos in the middle of the 14th century. According to pseudo-Kodinos, the ""skouterios"" was responsible for bearing the emperor's banner, the so-called ""divellion"" (διβέλλιον) and the emperor's shield (σκουτάριον, ""skoutarion""), not only in ceremonial"
"the 1960s and 1970s reform of Papal liturgy and, whenever the Pope celebrates Mass in St. Peter's Basilica, a simpler portable throne is now placed on platform in front of the Altar of the Confession. However, whenever Pope Benedict XVI celebrated the Liturgy of the Hours at St Peter's, a more elaborate removable throne was placed on a dais to the side of the Altar of the Chair. When the Pope celebrates Mass on the Basilica steps facing St. Peter's Square, portable thrones are also used. In the past, the pope was also carried on occasions in a portable throne,"