Who was the Roman goddess of chance and fate?
"at random along their paths, bringing about randomness at higher levels. For several centuries thereafter, the idea of chance continued to be intertwined with fate. Divination was practiced in many cultures, using diverse methods. The Chinese analyzed the cracks in turtle shells, while the Germans, who according to Tacitus had the highest regards for lots and omens, utilized strips of bark. In the Roman Empire, chance was personified by the Goddess Fortuna. The Romans would partake in games of chance to simulate what Fortuna would have decided. In 49 BC, Julius Caesar allegedly decided on his fateful decision to cross"
"Fortuna Fortuna (, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the goddess of fortune and the personification of luck in Roman religion. Fortuna is often depicted with a gubernaculum (ship's rudder), a ball or Rota Fortunae (wheel of fortune) and a cornucopia (horn of plenty). She might bring good or bad luck: she could be represented as veiled and blind, as in modern depictions of Lady Justice, except that Fortuna does not hold a balance. Fortuna came to represent life's capriciousness. She was also a goddess of fate: as ""Atrox Fortuna"", she claimed the young lives of the princeps Augustus'"
"of this system of prediction, listed a total of 97 Arabic Parts, which were widely used for astrological consultations. Fortuna Fortuna (, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche) was the goddess of fortune and the personification of luck in Roman religion. Fortuna is often depicted with a gubernaculum (ship's rudder), a ball or Rota Fortunae (wheel of fortune) and a cornucopia (horn of plenty). She might bring good or bad luck: she could be represented as veiled and blind, as in modern depictions of Lady Justice, except that Fortuna does not hold a balance. Fortuna came to represent life's capriciousness."
"Vesunna Vesunna is a Celtic goddess worshipped in Roman Gaul. She was likely considered a giver of prosperity, abundance and good fortune, as evidenced by the cornucopia she is depicted carrying in her images. Vesunna was also once the name of a town just south of the modern French city of Perigueux, where the goddess had a temple in ancient times; she was certainly the patron goddess of this city and its people and thus a protector. In inscriptions found in Perigueux, Vesunna is identified with the Roman goddess of luck, Tutela, which emphasizes Vesunna’s role as a goddess of"
"the heavenly figure of Tyche, as well as other goddesses such as Demeter and Astraea. Tyche Tyche (; ""luck""; Roman equivalent: Fortuna) was the presiding tutelary deity who governed the fortune and prosperity of a city, its destiny. In Classical Greek mythology, she is the daughter of Aphrodite and Zeus or Hermes. In literature, she might be given various genealogies, as a daughter of Hermes and Aphrodite, or considered as one of the Oceanids, daughters of Oceanus, and Tethys, or of Zeus. She was connected with Nemesis and Agathos Daimon (""good spirit""). The Greek historian Polybius believed that when no"
"Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, ""puppeteering"" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the ""wheel of fortune"" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the stars, and the 9th is where the signs of"
"Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor. Jupiter forcefully impregnated the titaness Metis, which resulted in her attempting to change shape (or shapeshift) to"
"Heimarmene Heimarmene or Himarmene () is a goddess and being of fate/destiny in Greek mythology (in particular, the orderly succession of cause and effect, or rather, the fate of the universe as a whole, as opposed to the destinies of individual people). She belongs to a family of similar beings of destiny and fate, which have given us various modern concepts (such as Aesa, Moira, Moros, Ananke, Adrasteia and Pepromene). Heimarmene's name is an ontological description of how she was seen. It is speculated to be a participial form of the Greek verb (""meiresthai"", meaning ""to receive as one's lot""),"
"Felicitas In ancient Roman culture, felicitas (from the Latin adjective ""felix"", ""fruitful, blessed, happy, lucky"") is a condition of divinely inspired productivity, blessedness, or happiness. ""Felicitas"" could encompass both a woman's fertility, and a general's luck or good fortune. The divine personification of Felicitas was cultivated as a goddess. Although ""felicitas"" may be translated as ""good luck,"" and the goddess Felicitas shares some characteristics and attributes with Fortuna, the two were distinguished in Roman religion. Fortuna was unpredictable and her effects could be negative, as the existence of an altar to ""Mala Fortuna"" (""Bad Luck"") acknowledges. Felicitas, however, always had"
"notion of probability was expressed by the Latin loanword ""chance"", adopted in Middle English from the late 13th century, literally describing an outcome as a ""falling"" (as it were of dice), via Old French ""cheance"" from Late Latin ""cadentia"" ""falling"". Fortuna, the Roman goddess of fate or luck, was popular an allegory in medieval times, and even though it was not strictly reconcilable with Christian theology, it became popular in learned circles of the High Middle Ages to portray her as a servant of God in distributing success or failure in a characteristically ""fickle"" or unpredictable way, thus introducing the"
"players to discard their hands and draw new ones. Rota Fortunae In medieval and ancient philosophy the Wheel of Fortune, or Rota Fortunae, is a symbol of the capricious nature of Fate. The wheel belongs to the goddess Fortuna (Greek equivalent Tyche) who spins it at random, changing the positions of those on the wheel: some suffer great misfortune, others gain windfalls. Fortune appears on all paintings as a woman, sometimes blindfolded, ""puppeteering"" a wheel. The origin of the word is from the ""wheel of fortune"" - the zodiac, referring to the Celestial spheres of which the 8th holds the"
"Minerva frequently features in statuary, as an image on seals, and in other forms at educational institutions. Minerva Minerva (; ; Etruscan: ""Menrva"") was the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. From the second century BC onward, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena, though the Romans did not stress her relation to battle and warfare as the Greeks did. Following the Greek myths around Athena, she was born of Metis, who had been swallowed by Jupiter, and burst from her father's head, fully armed and clad in armor."
"Anio Vetus, a major new aqueduct, and a number of fountains near the temple. Charles Godfrey Leland found surviving traditions concerning the ""witch"" Feronia in 19th century Tuscany. The asteroid 72 Feronia is named for her. Feronia (mythology) In ancient Roman religion, Feronia was a goddess associated with wildlife, fertility, health, and abundance. As the goddess who granted freedom to slaves or civil rights to the most humble part of society, she was especially honored among plebeians and freedmen. Her festival, the ""Feroniae"", was November 13 (the ""ides"" of November) during the ""Ludi Plebeii"" (""Plebeian Games""), in conjunction with Fortuna"
"Salus Salus (, ""safety"", ""salvation"", ""welfare"") was a Roman goddess. She was the goddess of safety and well-being (welfare, health and prosperity) of both the individual and the state. She is sometimes equated with the Greek goddess Hygieia, though her functions differ considerably. Salus is one of the most ancient Roman Goddesses: she is also recorded once as ""Salus Semonia"", a fact that might hint to her belonging to the category of the ""Semones"", such as god ""Semo Sancus Dius Fidius"". This view though is disputed among scholars. The issue is discussed in the section below. The two gods had"
"Tyche Tyche (; ""luck""; Roman equivalent: Fortuna) was the presiding tutelary deity who governed the fortune and prosperity of a city, its destiny. In Classical Greek mythology, she is the daughter of Aphrodite and Zeus or Hermes. In literature, she might be given various genealogies, as a daughter of Hermes and Aphrodite, or considered as one of the Oceanids, daughters of Oceanus, and Tethys, or of Zeus. She was connected with Nemesis and Agathos Daimon (""good spirit""). The Greek historian Polybius believed that when no cause can be discovered to events such as floods, droughts, frosts, or even in politics,"
"Fortuna Huiusce Diei Fortuna Huiusce Diei (""The Fortune of This Day"" or ""Today's Fortune"") was an aspect of the goddess Fortuna, known primarily for her temple in the Area Sacra di Largo Argentina at Rome. Cicero lists her among the deities who should be cultivated in his ideal state, because ""she empowers each day"". She thus embodies an important aspect of time as it figures in Roman religion: every day of the year had a distinct and potent nature, which the public priests were responsible for knowing and aligning the community with by means of the religious calendar. The Temple"
"is unusual because it was not found in the cemetery, rather it was discovered by chance during restoration of another part of the ruins. The limestone lid has carvings that were common in Roman times, and it has a hole that suggests that the grave was robbed in antiquity. Nemesis is the goddess of justice, fortune and destiny. She may influence the fate of those who were frequently faced to death and danger, she was especially worshiped by soldiers and gladiators. Thus, the goddess is closely linked to world of amphitheaters. Places of worship dedicated to her are near the"
"Tyche of Constantinople The Tyche of Constantinople was the deity of fortune ""(Tyche)"" who embodied the guardianship ""(tutela)"" of the city of Constantinople in the Roman Imperial era. Malalas says that her name was ""Anthousa"" (Roman equivalent Flora). Her attributes included the mural crown, cornucopia, a ship's prow, and a spear. She was depicted standing or seated on a throne. As the personification of the city, Tyche or Anthousa could be abstracted from her origins as a Classical goddess, and like Victory made tolerable as a symbol for Christians. Under Constantine, the ""Tychai"" of Rome and Constantinople together might be"
"Fortuna Redux In the Roman Empire, Fortuna Redux was a form of the goddess Fortuna who oversaw a return, as from a long or perilous journey. Her attributes were Fortuna's typical cornucopia, with her specific function represented by a rudder or steering oar sometimes in conjunction with a globe. The cult of Fortuna Redux was introduced to Roman religion in 19 BC, creating a new holiday ""(feriae)"" on October 12 that originally marked the return of Augustus to Rome from Asia Minor in 19 BC. From that time, she received annual sacrifices from the pontiffs and Vestals at an altar"
"Diana (mythology) Diana (Classical Latin: ) is a Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, and nature, associated with wild animals and woodland. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo, though she had an independent origin in Italy. Diana was known as the virgin goddess of childbirth and women. She was one of the three maiden goddesses, along with Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry. Oak groves and deer"
"are: Diana (mythology) Diana (Classical Latin: ) is a Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, and nature, associated with wild animals and woodland. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo, though she had an independent origin in Italy. Diana was known as the virgin goddess of childbirth and women. She was one of the three maiden goddesses, along with Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry. Oak groves and"
"January 11 and January 15. Carmenta In ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children, and a patron of midwives. She was also said to have invented the Latin alphabet. The name ""Carmenta"" is derived from Latin ""carmen"", meaning a magic spell, oracle or song, and also the root of the English word ""charm"". Her original name was Nicostrate, but it was changed later to honor her renown for giving oracles. She was the mother of Evander and along with other followers"
"and on 1 April the Veneralia festival was celebrated in her honor. According to Valerius Maximus, a Roman woman named Sulpicia was chosen by the vote of ten, drawn by lot from a pool of one hundred who had been chosen by the women of Rome as a body to dedicate a statue of Venus Verticordia. Sulpicia was deemed the chastest woman in Rome, and the method of selection was prescribed by the ""Sibylline Books"". Venus Verticordia Venus Verticordia (""the changer of hearts"") was an epithet of the Roman goddess Venus, alluding to the goddess' ability to change hearts from"
"Venus have been shown with a gubernaculum. It is most associated with Fortuna since, along with the cornucopia, it is an item that she is often depicted as holding. The corresponding Greek god Tyche is also regularly shown with a gubernaculum. There are abundant depictions of Fortuna holding the gubernaculum on coins, in paintings, on altars and statues or statuettes. Fortuna is depicted on around 1000 different Roman coins usually holding a gubernaculum. A sandstone statuette of Fortuna, the Roman god of luck, fate, fortune was found at Castlecary and can now be found at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow,"
"Fortuna (PRNG) Fortuna is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) devised by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson and published in 2003. It is named after Fortuna, the Roman goddess of chance. Fortuna is a ""family"" of secure PRNGs; its design leaves some choices open to implementors. It is composed of the following pieces: The generator is based on any good block cipher. ""Practical Cryptography"" suggests AES, Serpent or Twofish. The basic idea is to run the cipher in counter mode, encrypting successive values of an incrementing counter. On its own, this would produce statistically identifiable deviations from randomness; for"
"grandsons Gaius and Lucius, prospective heirs to the Empire. (In antiquity she was also known as ""Automatia"".) Fortuna's father was said to be Jupiter and like him, she could also be bountiful (""Copia""). As ""Annonaria"" she protected grain supplies. June 11 was consecrated to her: on June 24 she was given cult at the festival of ""Fors Fortuna"". Roman writers disagreed whether her cult was introduced to Rome by Servius Tullius. or Ancus Marcius. The two earliest temples mentioned in Roman Calendars were outside the city, on the right bank of the Tiber (in Italian Trastevere). The first temple dedicated"
"attribute of several Greek and Roman deities, particularly those associated with the harvest, prosperity, or spiritual abundance, such as personifications of Earth (Gaia or Terra); the child Plutus, god of riches and son of the grain goddess Demeter; the nymph Maia; and Fortuna, the goddess of luck, who had the power to grant prosperity. In Roman Imperial cult, abstract Roman deities who fostered peace ""(pax Romana)"" and prosperity were also depicted with a cornucopia, including Abundantia, ""Abundance"" personified, and Annona, goddess of the grain supply to the city of Rome. Hades, the classical ruler of the underworld in the mystery"
"goddess. Filippo Coarelli's view that ""Fortuna Huiusce Diei"" presided over daily grain distributions in the city has not been widely disseminated in Anglophone scholarship. Fortuna Huiusce Diei Fortuna Huiusce Diei (""The Fortune of This Day"" or ""Today's Fortune"") was an aspect of the goddess Fortuna, known primarily for her temple in the Area Sacra di Largo Argentina at Rome. Cicero lists her among the deities who should be cultivated in his ideal state, because ""she empowers each day"". She thus embodies an important aspect of time as it figures in Roman religion: every day of the year had a distinct"
"Pepromene Pepromene is a goddess and being of fate/destiny in Greek mythology (a being of ""the destined share"", which implies a person's true calling and fate; in short, the idea that every man is tied to a destiny). The ancient perception of her being gives the name as belonging within other Greek ideas (or ""seeings"") for destiny and fate (such as Aesa, Moira, Moros, Ananke, Adrasteia and Heimarmene). Pepromene's name is speculated to have numerous different origins; some postulate it is derived from the Greek , ""peprosthai"", meaning ""to be furnished, fulfilled or fated"". However, others suggest that the same"
"Atropos Atropos or Aisa (; ""without turn""), in Greek mythology, was one of the three Moirai, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta. Atropos was the oldest of the Three Fates, and was known as the ""inflexible"" or ""inevitable."" It was Atropos who chose the mechanism of death and ended the life of mortals by cutting their thread with her ""abhorred shears"". She worked along with her two sisters, Clotho, who spun the thread, and Lachesis, who measured the length. Atropos has been featured in several stories such as Atalanta and Achilles. Her origin, along with the"
"Artemis Artemis (; Artemis, ), in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals and chastity. Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister of Apollo. She was the patron and protector of young girls, and was believed to bring disease upon women and relieve them of it. In later Hellenistic times, she even assumed the role of Eileithyia in aiding women during childbirth. Much like Athena and Hestia, Artemis preferred to remain a maiden and is sworn never to marry. Artemis was one of the most widely"
"authors had limited knowledge of her rites and attributes, ancient speculations about her identity abound, among them that she was an aspect of Terra, Ops, Cybele, or Ceres, or a Latin form of the Greek goddess ""Damia"" (Demeter). Most often, she was identified as the wife, sister, or daughter of the god Faunus, thus an equivalent or aspect of the nature-goddess Fauna, who could prophesy the fates of women. The goddess had two annual festivals. One was held at her Aventine temple; the other was hosted by the wife of Rome's senior Annual Magistrate for an invited group of elite"
"Venus (mythology) Venus (, Classical Latin: ) is the Roman goddess, whose functions encompassed love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, prosperity and victory. In Roman mythology, she was the mother of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Julius Caesar claimed her as his ancestor. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was revered in Roman religion under numerous cult titles. The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus became one"