The area with the world's lowest rainfall (less than 0.2mm per year is the Antofagasta region, of which country?
"Government and has been a source of conflict until present times. Chile claimed that according to the Uti possidetis of the Spanish crown, the coastal region belong to them and their territory bordered directly with Peru. Chileans explorers such as Juan López and José Santos Ossa discovered rich nitrate and guano deposits which produced a massive Chilean colonization of the coastline. Friction between the new settlers from both countries grew until 1879 when the War of the Pacific erupted. Antofagasta was permanently annexed by the Chilean government at the end of the war. Colonization by Chileans followed mainly from the"
"to the Pacific High and outside the range of the ITCZ, cyclones and hurricanes do not occur around Easter island. The Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth, and is virtually sterile because it is blocked from moisture on both sides by the Andes mountains and by the Chilean Coast Range. The cold Humboldt Current and the Pacific Anticyclone are essential to keep the dry climate of Atacama Desert. The average rainfall in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just 1 mm per year. Some weather stations in the Atacama have never received rain. Evidence suggests that the Atacama"
"Capricorn and to work as a Solar Calendar. Antofagasta was declared a partial common in the border area 20 July 1999, by Supreme Decree No. 1166 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The city has little vegetation because it is situated in the Atacama Desert, which is the world's driest desert. The town of Antofagasta has a desert Climate (Koppen ""BWk"") with abundant sunshine and strong maritime influence. The marked aridity and water scarcity are regulated by the Humboldt Current, addition to the high humidity and morning fog known as camanchaca. Furthermore, the Pacific anticyclone generates winds from the south"
"the high desert floor creating a canyon that is over a mile (6,000 feet or 1,800 meters) deep in places, exposing strata that are over two billion years old. One of the driest places on Earth is the Atacama Desert. It is virtually devoid of life because it is blocked from receiving precipitation by the Andes mountains to the east and the Chilean Coast Range to the west. The cold Humboldt Current and the anticyclone of the Pacific are essential to keep the dry climate of the Atacama. The average precipitation in the Chilean region of Antofagasta is just per"
"it the record as the world's driest town However, the sporadic occurrence of heavy rainfall, together with the geomorphologic situation of the city, make it susceptible to be affected by mud flows and landslides. Between 1916 and 1999, the city was affected by floods or landslides on seven occasions: 1925, 1930, twice in 1940, 1982, 1987 and 1991, of which the most important episodes in 1940 and 1991. Antofagasta is grounded on rocky ground, hard and tough. Over this layer is a dense soil with sand and medium-sized rock fragments where there are remains of abundant minerals. According to the"
"the lomas owe their existence to the moist dense fog and mist which rolls in from the Pacific. The fog is called garúa in Peru and Camanchaca in Chile. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, the coastal desert of Peru and the Atacama desert of Chile feature a rare desert climate, that is abbreviated ""Bwn"" on climate maps with the n denoting frequent fog. Temperatures are mild year round and precipitation is nearly non-existent, averaging to per year in most locations. Many years have no precipitation at all. The Atacama Desert of Chile is commonly known as the driest"
"desert, the region rarely suffers from heat. In addition to that, the winter presents mostly cool temperatures. Strong and constant wind and high humidity is what brings low temperatures in the winter. The Atacama is the driest place on Earth. One of the most peculiar plants of the region is the ""Araucaria"" tree, which can be found in Brazil, Chile and Argentina. The only native group of conifers found in the southern hemisphere had its origin in the Southern Cone. ""Araucaria angustifolia"", once widespread in Southern Brazil, is now a critically endangered species, protected by law. The prairies region of"
"non-polar place in the world. Arica, Chile, in the middle portion of the coastal desert, went a record 173 months without measurable precipitation in the early 20th century. Occasional rainfall is caused by El Niño. For example, in March 2015, the desert in Chile received about in one day which caused flooding. In a phenomenen called the flowering desert, after the rare rains the desert briefly blooms with flowers. Normally, with the nearly non-existent precipitation, the coastal desert is almost devoid of vegetation except in lomas and along rivers which originate in the Andes and cross the desert to the"
"in the world. Oymyakon in Siberia, where the average winter temperature is −47 °F (− 44 °C). Arica in Chile, where there had been fourteen consecutive years without rain. Fog is the only local source of water. Mawsynram in India, where average annual rainfall is 14 meters, falling within a four-month period in the monsoon season. The rainfall is approximately equal to that of its neighbor Cherrapunji. Dallol in Ethiopia, known as the 'Hell-hole of creation' where the temperature averages 94 °F (34 °C) over the year. In his second series, Middleton visited places without permanent towns, locations where ""survival"
"Aosta Valley The Aosta Valley ( (official) or (usual); (official) or (usual); (usual); or """"; ) is a mountainous autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is bordered by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France to the west, Valais, Switzerland to the north and by the Metropolitan City of Turin in the region of Piedmont, Italy, to the south and east. Covering an area of and with a population of about 128,000 it is the smallest, least populous, and least densely populated region of Italy. It is the only Italian region that is not sub-divided into provinces (the province of Aosta was dissolved in 1945)."
"a small cove on the coast of the Pacific in the Atacama desert, the driest non-polar desert in the world. Vegetation is nearly absent in most of the Atacama. At Paposo, the Andes foothills rise steeply inland from the sea reaching an elevation of less than from the coast. Paposo and the Atacama have the desert climate in the Köppen Classification, characterized by mild temperatures, unusual in desert climates, and frequent fog rolling in from the nearby ocean, especially in the southern hemisphere winter. Average temperatures in Paposo range from in July to in January, the warmest month. Annual precipitation"
"Calama, Chile Calama is a city and commune in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. It is the capital of El Loa Province, part of the Antofagasta Region. Calama is one of the driest cities in the world with average annual precipitation of just . The River Loa, Chile's longest, flows through the city. Calama has a population of 147,886 (2012 census). The commune also encompasses the Quechuas communities of Estación San Pedro, Toconce and Cupo; and the Lickan-antay communities of Taira, Conchi Viejo, Lasana, San Francisco de Chiu Chiu, Aiquina-Turi, and Caspana. In 2003 the nearby town of Chuquicamata,"
"dentists) are cheaper on the Peruvian side. Arica is connected to Tacna in Peru and to La Paz in Bolivia by separate railroad lines. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Arica has a hot desert climate, abbreviated ""BWh"" on climate maps. Unlike many other cities with arid climates, Arica seldom sees extreme temperatures throughout the course of the year. Arica is also known as the driest inhabited place on Earth, at least as measured by rainfall: average annual precipitation is 0.76 mm (0.03 inches), as measured at the airport meteorological station. Despite its lack of rainfall, Arica typically has"
"and southwest. The average annual temperature is . The average daily low temperature in the warmest month, January, is while the average daily high temperature is . The coldest month, July, sees an average low temperature of and an average high temperature of . The highest temperature recorded is on January 1998 and the lowest recorded is on September 1978. The Atacama Desert coast is subject to a climate of extreme aridity, and therefore generates a low average annual rainfall of (1970–2000), and the Town of Antofagasta itself receives an annual average of less than of rainfall per year, earning"
"temperate grasslands of the Pampas region is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world, producing of wheat, soybeans, maize, and beef, making the country one of the largest worldwide agricultural exporters, similar to the role played by the Prairies region in Canada. West of the Andes, however, the Humboldt Current makes conditions extremely arid, creating the Atacama Desert, one of the driest in the world, so that no glaciers exist between Volcán Sajama at 18˚30'S and Cerro Tres Cruces at 27˚S. Vegetation here is almost non-existent, though on the eastern slopes of the Andes rainfall is adequate"
"the least populated and most sparsely populated province in the country. Between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, the population grew by 23% (447 persons). The South American portion of the territory is internationally recognized as part of Chile; however, the Commune of Antártica, which encompasses most of the area of the province, is disputed. It forms the Chilean claim to Antarctica, stretching south of the 60th parallel to the South Pole. The Commune of Antártica is practically uninhabited except for research stations of various countries, although Chile maintains a permanent civilian population at Villa Las Estrellas (near Frei Montalva Station),"
"of Granada to the snowy peaks of Mulhacén. Andalusia also includes both the dry Tabernas Desert in the province of Almería and the Sierra de Grazalema Natural Park in the province of Cádiz, which experiences Spain's greatest rainfall. Annual rainfall in the Sierra de Grazalema has been measured as high as in 1963, the highest ever recorded for any location in Iberia. Andalusia is also home to the driest place in continental Europe, the Cabo de Gata, with only of rain per year. In general, as one goes from west to east, away from the Atlantic, there is less precipitation."
"Atacama Desert The Atacama Desert () is a desert plateau in South America covering a 1000-km (600-mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. The Atacama desert is one of the driest places in the world (the driest being the McMurdo Dry Valleys ) , as well as the only true desert to receive less precipitation than the polar deserts. According to estimates, the Atacama Desert occupies , or if the barren lower slopes of the Andes are included. Most of the desert is composed of stony terrain, salt lakes (""salares""), sand, and felsic lava"
"lead to dust storms. In the extreme west of the province is the Puna region, mostly located in the Antofagasta de la Sierra Department. The region has a desert climate with very low precipitation; most of it is concentrated during summer. This is due to the mountains that block moist air from Pacific Ocean. Mean annual precipitation decreases from north to south and from east to west; some areas receive an annual rainfall of . Owing to its high altitude, the climate is characterized by low temperatures. The thermal amplitude is large, reaching up to due to the combination of"
"receiving a rainfall amount of 156mm per year, which is also noted as the driest location in Europe, while inland areas (such as the Tabernas Desert) receiving a rainfall amount of 200mm per year, since the altitude is 900 meters, and it has an average temperature of , so it would be classified as a cold desert climate (""BWk"") bordering a cold semi-arid climate (""BSk"") according to the Köppen climate classification. Inland areas of the Almería province have reached in summer. During the warmest months - July and August, the sky is clear and sunny and no rainfall occurs. The"
"terms of ecoregions it is in the Central Andean dry puna. Llano de Chajnantor is at the same latitude as deserts in southern Africa and central Australia. Llano de Chajnantor Observatory Llano de Chajnantor Observatory is the name for a group of astronomical observatories located at an altitude of over in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile. The site is in the Antofagasta Region approximately east of the town of San Pedro de Atacama. The exceptionally arid climate of the area is inhospitable to humans, but creates an excellent location for millimeter, submillimeter, and mid-infrared astronomy. This is because water"
"Camanchaca Camanchacas are cloud banks that form on the Chilean coast, by the Earth's driest desert, the Atacama Desert, and move inland. (In Peru, camanchaca is called garúa) On the side of the mountains where these cloud banks form, the camanchaca is a dense fog that does not produce rain. The moisture that makes up the cloud measure between 1 and 40 microns across, too fine to form rain droplets. In 1985, scientists devised a fog collection system of polyolefin netting to capture the water droplets in the fog to produce running water for villages in these otherwise desert areas."
"very low, unreliable precipitation, present, for instance, in extensive areas in the , and Coro, western Venezuela, the northernmost peninsulas in South America, which receive <300 mm total annual precipitation, practically all in two or three months). This condition extends to the Lesser Antilles and Greater Antilles forming the circum-Caribbean dry belt. The length and severity of the dry season diminishes inland (southward); at the latitude of the Amazon River—which flows eastward, just south of the equatorial line—the climate is ""Af"". East from the Andes, between the dry, arid Caribbean and the ever-wet Amazon are the Orinoco River's llanos or"
"their deep burial in the poorly eroded volcanic complex hampers their exploitation. Antofalla lies in a region of arid climate, with about precipitation, much of it in the form of snow at high elevations. Temperatures change drastically from day to night and vice versa, ranging from in the wider region; the climate has been characterized as continental. The region lies between two major climatic regimes, a northerly regime dominated by easterly moisture flows which occur during summer, and a southerly regime where westerlies transport moisture from the west mainly in winter. Vegetation is scarce in the region. Where water is"
"a result, they were forcibly displaced. Since then, there have been several attempts to legalize ancient ownership of land and fixed property. Nazca is one of the most arid regions in the world with an average annual precipitation of 4 millimeters. Nazca's weather is controlled by Humboldt's Current, which carries water from Antarctica up the west coast of South America. This cold ocean water cools the air and limits the accumulation of moisture within clouds; as a result, though clouds and fog are able to form, there is little rain. Nazca's temperatures range from 10 to 32 °C with an"
"by the camanchaca fog. Paposo Paposo or Caleta Paposo is a hamlet in the southern part of Antofagasta Province, Chile. Paposo is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The census of 2002 counted 259 inhabitants.The inhabitants of Paposo rely on fishing and mining for a living. Paposo is best known for its unusual desert climate featuring frequent wet fog (garúa) and the ""fog oases"" which exist on mountain slopes of the Chilean Coast Range a few kilometers inland. In a region almost devoid of vegetation, the fog oases, also called lomas, support a variety of flora and fauna. Paposo"
"Paposo Paposo or Caleta Paposo is a hamlet in the southern part of Antofagasta Province, Chile. Paposo is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The census of 2002 counted 259 inhabitants.The inhabitants of Paposo rely on fishing and mining for a living. Paposo is best known for its unusual desert climate featuring frequent wet fog (garúa) and the ""fog oases"" which exist on mountain slopes of the Chilean Coast Range a few kilometers inland. In a region almost devoid of vegetation, the fog oases, also called lomas, support a variety of flora and fauna. Paposo is located adjacent to"
"produced a large landslide deposit as well as flows of molten sulfur. A progressive uplift of the terrain around Lastarria and farther south has been recognized. Lastarria is situated in the Central Andes, in the Antofagasta Region of Chile, and straddles the border with Argentina. The city of Antofagasta lies northwest of Lastarria. The area of the Central Andes is difficult to access and its volcanoes are usually poorly monitored. There are no human populations within of Lastarria. From the former Catalina railway station west, an unpaved road leads to Lastarria. Lastarria is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone,"
"that blocks moist winds from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. These valleys often receive less than of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. For example, in La Rioja province, mean annual precipitation ranges from in the easternmost parts to at the foot of the Andes. Similarly in Catamarca province, the mean annual precipitation is in the middle of valleys between the Andes mountains and to more than in the nearby mountain ranges which form the valleys. In Jujuy province, precipitation in the dry Quebrada de Humahuaca valley ranges from . A similar"
"""Copiapoa"" is notable among these. Geographically, the aridity of the Atacama is explained by it being situated between two mountain chains (the Andes and the Chilean Coast Range) of sufficient height to prevent moisture advection from either the Pacific or the Atlantic Oceans, a two-sided rain shadow. In a region about south of Antofagasta, which averages in elevation, the soil has been compared to that of Mars. Owing to its otherworldly appearance, the Atacama has been used as a location for filming Mars scenes, most notably in the television series """". In 2003, a team of researchers published a report"
"regions: the far north, the near north, central Chile, the south, and the far south. Each has its own characteristic vegetation, fauna, climate, and, despite the omnipresence of both the Andes and the Pacific, its own distinct topography. The far north (Norte Grande), which extends from the Peruvian border to about 27° south latitude, a line roughly paralleled to the Copiapó River, is extremely arid. It mainly contains the Atacama Desert, one of the driest areas in the world. In certain areas, this desert does not register any rainfall at all. Geographically, the aridity can be explained by the following"
"point of ). Andorra's climate is similar to that of its neighbours' temperate climates, but its higher elevation means there is, on average, more snow in winter, lower humidity, and it is slightly cooler in summer. There are, on average, 300 days per year of sunshine. Phytogeographically, Andorra belongs to the Atlantic European province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Andorra belongs to the ecoregion of Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests. Landslides and avalanches are the main natural hazards. There are frequent earthquakes below Richter magnitude 2. There is no historical"
"annual precipitation is found in the dry Calchaquí Valleys, with mean annual precipitation ranging from in Molinos to in Cafayate. Further west in the Puna region next to Bolivia, the average altitude is and is mostly a desert due to the higher altitudes of the mountains on the east from both the Andes and the northwest extension of the Sierras Pampeanas, blocking most of the easterly winds from coming in. Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than a year while potential evapotranspiration ranges from a year, owing to the high insolation, strong winds, and low humidity that exacerbates the"