Who is the only person to refuse a Nobel Peace prize (in 1973)?
"Prize but refused, stating, ""A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honourable form."" Lê Đức Thọ, chosen for the 1973 Peace Prize for his role in the Paris Peace Accords, declined, stating that there was no actual peace in Vietnam. During the Third Reich, Adolf Hitler hindered Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt, and Gerhard Domagk from accepting their prizes. All of them were awarded their diplomas and gold medals after World War II. In 1958, Boris Pasternak declined his prize for literature due to fear of what"
"of two Norwegian Nobel Committee members. Kissinger and Thọ were awarded the prize for negotiating a ceasefire between North Vietnam and the United States in January 1973. However, when the award was announced, both sides were still engaging in hostilities. Critics sympathetic to the North announced that Kissinger was not a peace-maker but the opposite, responsible for widening the war. Those hostile to the North and what they considered its deceptive practices during negotiations were deprived of a chance to criticise Lê Đức Thọ, as he declined the award. Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, and Yitzhak Rabin received the Peace Prize"
"Geir Lundestad, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006, said, ""The greatest omission in our 106 year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize. Whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question"". In 1948, the year of Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the grounds that ""there was no suitable living candidate"" that year. Later, when the 14th Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was ""in part a tribute"
"omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question"". In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that ""there was no suitable living candidate"" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was ""in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi"". , the Peace Prize has been awarded to 104 individuals"
"the only short story collection to be shortlisted. John Sutherland, who was a judge for the 1999 prize, has said, In 1972, the winning writer John Berger, known for his Marxist worldview, protested during his acceptance speech against Booker McConnell. He blamed Booker's 130 years of sugar production in the Caribbean for the region's modern poverty. Berger donated half of his £5,000 prize to the British Black Panther movement, because they had a socialist and revolutionary perspective in agreement with his own. In 1980, Anthony Burgess, writer of ""Earthly Powers"", refused to attend the ceremony unless it was confirmed to"
"military junta, which decided not to allow her to attend the awarded ceremony. In 2017 her Nobel prize became a matter of controversy after United Nations' report which said Myanmar’s military carried out an act of genocide against Rohingya Muslims, an ethnic minority in Myanmar. Suu Kyi has repeatedly refused to speak out against violence committed by the military against the Rohingya and her silence over the mass killings has been likened by researchers to “legitimising genocide”. The 1990 prize went to Mikhail Gorbachev ""for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international"
"the Soviet Union government might do if he travelled to Stockholm to accept his prize. In return, the Swedish Academy refused his refusal, saying ""this refusal, of course, in no way alters the validity of the award."" The Academy announced with regret that the presentation of the Literature Prize could not take place that year, holding it back until 1989 when Pasternak's son accepted the prize on his behalf. Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, but her children accepted the prize because she had been placed under house arrest in Burma; Suu Kyi delivered"
"alone. This was mentioned by Thorbjørn Jagland in his handover ceremony speech. The Nobel Prize Committee announced that it had received a record number of 278 different nominations for the Peace Prize, up from 259 in 2013. 47 of these nominations were for organizations. Prior to the announcement, many news media speculated about who would win this year, providing lists of favourites. Often cited were Pope Francis, Ban Ki-moon, Chelsea Manning, Denis Mukwege, Edward Snowden, José Mujica, the ""Novaya Gazeta"" newspaper, and the so-called Japanese people who conserve Article 9, together with the eventual winner Malala Yousafzai. The other winner,"
"peace. The prize of 1935 was retroactively awarded one year later to Carl von Ossietzky, a German pacifist who had been convicted of high treason and espionage for exposing German re-armament. In an unprecedented move, King Haakon VII of Norway was absent from the award ceremony, two committee members resigned in protest, and the Norwegian conservative press, including leading daily ""Aftenposten"", condemned giving the award to a convicted criminal. Ossietzky, interned in the concentration camp Esterwegen and severely ill with tuberculosis, accepted the award by letter but was prevented from traveling to Oslo. The award led to Adolf Hitler's forbidding"
"Peace Prize for their efforts in negotiating the Paris Peace Accords. However, Thọ declined to accept the award, claiming that peace had not yet been established, and that the United States and the South Vietnamese governments were in violation of the Paris Peace Accords: The ceasefire would not last, with the war ending when Saigon fell in 1975 and North Vietnam captured South Vietnam. Lê Đức Thọ died on the evening before his 79th birthday, having reportedly suffered from cancer, in Hanoi. Lê Đức Thọ Lê Đức Thọ (; 14 October 1911 – 13 October 1990), born Phan Đình Khải"
"choice in a history stretching back to 1901."" Dylan and George Bernard Shaw are the only two people who have received both a Nobel prize and an Academy Award. On October 21, a member of the Swedish Academy, writer Per Wästberg, termed Dylan ""rude and arrogant"" for ignoring the Nobel Committee's attempts to contact him. Academy permanent secretary Sara Danius answered, ""The Swedish Academy has never held a view on a prizewinner's decision in this context, neither will it now."" After two weeks of speculation about Dylan's silence concerning the Nobel Prize, he said in an interview with Edna Gundersen"
"Begin, the Prime Minister of Israel ""for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"". The prize was controversial because both had fought against British rule of their respective countries, and Begin was involved in a failed plot to assassinate German chancellor Konrad Adenauer. The 1973 prize went to North Vietnamese communist leader Lê Đức Thọ and United States Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger ""for the 1973 Paris Peace Accords intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam War and a withdrawal of the American forces"". Thọ later declined the prize, on"
"laureate Malala Yousafzai, who said she was waiting to hear from Ms Suu Kyi – who has not commented on the crisis since it erupted"". The next day George Monbiot, writing in ""The Guardian"", called on readers to sign a change.org petition to have the Nobel peace prize revoked, criticising her silence on the matter and asserting ""whether out of prejudice or out of fear, she denies to others the freedoms she rightly claimed for herself. Her regime excludes – and in some cases seeks to silence – the very activists who helped to ensure her own rights were recognised."""
"been favored to receive the Prize, but a committee member was later quoted as saying that they would have been ""too predictable, too popular."" The 1974 prize was denied to Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, and Saul Bellow in favor of a joint award for Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson—both Nobel judges and unknown outside their home country. Bellow won in 1976; neither Greene nor Nabokov took home the prize. The 1970 prize was awarded to Soviet dissident Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who did not attend the ceremony in Stockholm for fear that the Soviet Union would prevent his return. His"
"been made. Decades later, a Nobel Committee publicly declared its regret for the omission. Geir Lundestad, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, ""The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, [but] whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question"". In 1948 (the year of Gandhi's death) the Nobel Committee made no award, stating ""there was no suitable living candidate"". The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Reiner Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Barry Barish for their contribution"
"any German to receive any of the Nobel Prizes in the future, and his prize was not allowed to be mentioned in the German press. Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize, although he was nominated five times between 1937 and 1948. In 1948 Gandhi received six letters of nomination and was on the short list for the Peace Prize but he was assassinated on 30 January 1948, two days before the closing date for nominations. The Nobel Committee decided against awarding the prize, saying the laureate could only be awarded posthumously if he/she died after the Committee's decision had"
"to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi"". Other high-profile individuals with widely recognised contributions to peace have been missed out. ""Foreign Policy"" lists Eleanor Roosevelt, Václav Havel, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Sari Nusseibeh, and Corazon Aquino as people who ""never won the prize, but should have"". In 1965, UN Secretary General U Thant was informed by the Norwegian Permanent Representative to the UN that he would be awarded that year's prize and asked whether or not he would accept. He consulted staff and later replied that he would. At the same time, Chairman Gunnar Jahn of the Nobel Peace prize committee, lobbied heavily"
"in his novel, ""Doctor Zhivago""."" Pasternak died without ever receiving the prize. He was eventually honored by the Nobel Foundation at a banquet in Stockholm on 9 December 1989, when they presented his medal to his son. The 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Liu Xiaobo while he was serving a prison sentence for ""subversion of the state"", with the Chinese government not allowing him or his family members to attend the ceremony. Two laureates voluntarily declined the Nobel Prize. Jean-Paul Sartre declined the 1964 prize for Literature, stating, ""A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed"
"Peace Prize, a separate prize awarded by a panel appointed by the Soviet government. Some of those sympathetic to the Israeli treatment of Palestinians expressed the opinion that the award lost credibility in 1980 when it was presented to Yasser Arafat, whom they considered a terrorist. They also objected to awarding the prize to Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser. Some who were unfriendly to the socialist cause objected to awarding the prize to Cuban president Fidel Castro and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev as well as Romanian premier Nicole Ceauşescu. In 2002, the WPC denied news reports that it had given"
"Henry Kissinger Henry Alfred Kissinger (; ; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger; May 27, 1923) is an American elder statesman, political scientist, diplomat, geopolitical and consultant who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. A Jewish refugee who fled Nazi Germany with his family in 1938, he became National Security Advisor in 1969 and U.S. Secretary of State in 1973. For his actions negotiating a ceasefire in Vietnam, Kissinger received the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize under controversial circumstances, with two members of the committee resigning in protest."
"circulated in ""samizdat""—clandestine form). After the Swedish government refused to honor Solzhenitsyn with a public award ceremony and lecture at its Moscow embassy, Solzhenitsyn refused the award altogether, commenting that the conditions set by the Swedes (who preferred a private ceremony) were ""an insult to the Nobel Prize itself."" Solzhenitsyn did not accept the award and prize money until 10 December 1974, after he was deported from the Soviet Union. In 1974, Graham Greene, Vladimir Nabokov, and Saul Bellow were considered but rejected in favor of a joint award for Swedish authors Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson, both members of"
"Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma. The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege, and Nadia Murad. Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing. Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013, but is still"
"agreement. The main negotiators of the agreement were United States National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese politburo member Lê Đức Thọ; the two men were awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts, although Lê Đức Thọ refused to accept it. The agreement's provisions were immediately frequently broken with no response from the United States. Fighting broke out in March 1973, and North Vietnamese offenses enlarged their control by the end of the year. Two years later, a massive North Vietnamese offensive conquered South Vietnam. The document began with the statement that ""the United States and all"
"of Africa. Ahtisaari invited Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen, Foreign Affairs Minister Alexander Stubb and others to his Nobel event, but not President Halonen. According to the memoir of the former secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, Geir Lundestad, former Foreign Minister and UN ambassador Keijo Korhonen, who was strongly against awarding the 2008 Nobel Peace Prize to Ahtisaari, wrote a letter to the committee which negatively portrayed Ahtisaari as a person and his merits in international conflict zones. Martti Ahtisaari did not sign the letter of the Nobelists that appealed to release Chinese 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo."
"UN ambassador professor Korhonen, was strongly opposed to the committee awarding the Nobel Peace Prize 2008 to Martti Ahtisaari. Korhonen wrote a letter to the committee which criticised Ahtisaari both personally and for his merits in international conflict zones. Korhonen himself has denied writing any letter to the Nobel Committee. Keijo Korhonen Keijo Tero Korhonen (born 23 February 1934 in Paltamo) is a Finnish politician, ambassador and professor. He was the Finnish foreign minister between 1976 and 1977 representing Centre Party. During the period 1983-88, he was the Permanent Representative of Finland to the United Nations. Korhonen was an independent"
"community"". Criticism for this award was due to the fact that the Soviet President destabilised the Eastern bloc and caused the economic collapse and fall of the Soviet Union. The 1989 prize went to the 14th Dalai Lama. The committee's selection was opposed by the Chinese government, which opposes the Dalai Lama's activities regarding Tibet. Additionally, the Nobel Prize Committee cited their intention to put pressure on China, due to the Tiananmen Square Massacre which happened in June 1989. The 1978 prize went to Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt during the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel, and Menachem"
"as minor, inconsequential or transitional have won the prize. From 1901 to 1912, the committee's work reflected an interpretation of the ""ideal direction"" stated in Nobel's will as ""a lofty and sound idealism"", which caused Leo Tolstoy, Henrik Ibsen, Émile Zola and Mark Twain to be rejected. Sweden's historic antipathy towards Russia was cited as the reason neither Tolstoy nor Anton Chekhov took the prize. During World War I and its immediate aftermath, the committee adopted a policy of neutrality, favoring writers from non-combatant countries. Another notable omission for the Prize is R. K. Narayan, an Indian writer known for"
"Prize. Before the award ceremony, Leibowitz was invited to speak to the Israel Council for Israeli–Palestinian Peace, where his controversial remarks calling upon Israeli soldiers to refuse orders triggered outrage (and Yitzhak Rabin had threatened to boycott the ceremony). The jury convened to discuss the possibility of withdrawing the prize, but Leibowitz himself announced that he would refuse to accept it, because he did not want to create antagonism when receiving the prize. Leibowitz has six children. Two of them died while he was alive. Shamai Leibowitz is one of his grandchildren. Yeshayahu Leibowitz Yeshayahu Leibowitz (; 29 January 1903"
"the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1985. On the occasion of the award, Chazov gave the acceptance speech in Oslo. At that time the group represented more than 135,000 members from 41 countries. Many groups protested the decision to include Chazov, and alleged that Chazov was responsible for some of the Soviet abuses of psychiatry and medicine and for attacks against a 1975 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, the physicist and Soviet dissident Andrei D. Sakharov. Yevgeniy Chazov Yevgeniy Ivanovich Chazov (born 10 June 1929) () is a prominent physician of the Soviet Union and Russia, specializing in"
"while residing in China. Liu was the third person to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize while in prison or detention after Germany's Carl von Ossietzky (1935) and Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi (1991). As the laureate was absent, Liu's place on the podium was unoccupied; Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann read ""I Have No Enemies"", an essay that Liu had written for his trial in December 2009, in place of the acceptance speech. The Nobel Committee disclosed there were a record number of nominations in 2010 – a total of 237, of which 38 were organisations. Although the committee has"
"and Rabin and the entire Oslo Accords. The 1992 prize went to Rigoberta Menchú for ""her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"". The prize was controversial because the prize-winner's memoirs, which had brought her to fame, turned out to be partly fictitious. The 1991 prize went to Aung San Suu Kyi, the Leader of the opposition in Burma, ""for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights""; she was being held under house arrest by the Burmese military junta at the time. The committee's selection was opposed by the Burmese"
"Vietnam, and as a symbol for the growing democracy movement"". Thích Quảng Độ was unable to the receive the award, as the government prevented him from attending the ceremony. In 2006, Thích Quảng Độ was also awarded the Democracy Courage Tribute by the World Movement for Democracy. In January 2008, the Europe-based magazine ""A Different View"" chose Độ as one of the 15 Champions of World Democracy. Others in the list include Nelson Mandela, Lech Wałęsa, Corazon Aquino, and Aung San Suu Kyi. 9 time Nobel Peace Prize nominee. Thích Quảng Độ Thích Quảng Độ (born 27 November 1928) is"
"and the pity of War. The Poetry is in the pity."" Of the 16 poets, Graves was the only one still living at the time of the commemoration ceremony. UK government documents released in 2012 indicate that Graves turned down a CBE in 1957. In 2012 the Nobel Records were opened after 50 years, and it was revealed that Graves was among a shortlist of authors considered for the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature, along with John Steinbeck (winner), Lawrence Durrell, Jean Anouilh and Karen Blixen. Graves was rejected because even though he had written several historical novels he was"