For what did the 'S' stand in the name of American author William S. Burroughs?
"prominent family of English ancestry in St. Louis, Missouri. His grandfather, William Seward Burroughs I, founded the Burroughs Adding Machine company, which evolved into the Burroughs Corporation. Burroughs' mother was the daughter of a minister whose family claimed to be closely related to Robert E. Lee. His maternal uncle, Ivy Lee, was an advertising pioneer later employed as a publicist for the Rockefellers. His father ran an antique and gift shop, Cobblestone Gardens in St. Louis; and later in Palm Beach, Florida when they relocated. It was during his childhood that Burroughs' developed a lifelong interest in magic and the"
"hemorrhage associated with micronodular cirrhosis. He was 33 years old. Burroughs was cremated and his ashes buried in Boulder, Colorado. William S. Burroughs Jr. wrote two autobiographical novels, and was working on a third. He began writing poetry at the Green Valley School when he was 21 in 1968 and completed his first novel ""Speed"" in 1970. His novels show much promise and also have interest for readers because of their Beat sensibility. The novels relate the trips of a teenage runaway in the early 1960s, and are comparable in style and content to both Kerouac’s ""On the Road"" and"
"statement"" on Scientology's methods because he felt they were significant enough to warrant commentary. These pieces were later gathered together into ""Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology"", which religious studies scholar Hugh B. Urban describes as a ""nonscholarly popular exposé of Scientology"". Burroughs's texts argue that while some of Scientology's therapies are worthwhile, the dogmatic nature of the group and its secrecy are harmful. Beat Generation writer William S. Burroughs was an avant-garde author whom several important critics consider the most important American writer since World War II. Sometimes called the ""Godfather of Punk literature"", he adopted a persona that Matt Theado,"
"Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology is a collection of essays and a short story by American Beat writer William S. Burroughs (1914–97). First published in 1971 as the short story ""Ali's Smile"", the book eventually contained a group of previously published newspaper articles as well, all of which address Scientology. Burroughs had been interested in Scientology throughout the 1960s, believing that its methods might help combat a controlling society. He joined the Church of Scientology later in the decade. However, he became disenchanted with the authoritarian nature of the organization. In 1970 Burroughs had published a ""considered"
"Burroughs' father's work, the Beats and Jane Bowles, befriended Billy and reported that his third novel included material about his liver transplant in 1976. Material from the third novel was edited into his third published work, ""Cursed From Birth"". As with ""Speed"", ""Kentucky Ham"" is often erroneously listed as part of the Burroughs, Sr. literary canon. In 1993 it was republished in an omnibus edition alongside ""Speed"". Kentucky Ham Kentucky Ham, first published in 1973, was the second novel by William S. Burroughs, Jr., the son of Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs. Like its predecessor, ""Speed"", the book is"
"My Education: A Book of Dreams My Education: A Book of Dreams (1995) () is the final novel by William S. Burroughs to be published before his death in 1997. It is a collection of dreams, taken from various decades, along with a few comments about the War on Drugs and paragraphs created with the cut-up technique. The book is dedicated to Michael Emerton (January 18, 1966 - November 4, 1992). The title is explained in the very first dream, dated 1959: Burroughs is trying to board an airplane, but a woman at the ticket counter ""with the cold waxen"
"Silas M. Burroughs (pharmacist) Silas Mainville Burroughs (December 24, 1846 – February 6, 1895) was an American British pharmaceutical businessman. Born in Medina, New York, United States, he was the son of Congressman Silas M. Burroughs (1810–1860). His mother died when he was five and his father when he was 13. He grew up with his aunt and uncle, and started his professional career by working in shops and as a travelling pharmaceutical salesman. He graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1877. In 1878, he travelled to London, United Kingdom, as an agent for ""John Wyeth & Bro"""
"1990s, two audiobook editions were released, one read by actor David Carradine, and another read by Burroughs himself. Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was"
"Port of Saints Port of Saints is a novel by Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs. First published in 1973, it was the last major work Burroughs wrote during his self-imposed exile in Europe during the late 1960s and early 1970s. One of Burroughs' shorter novels, the book utilizes characters from numerous earlier works, and also introduces characters that would re-appear later in the Burroughs canon. Described as an ""erotic fantasy"", the novel (as explained by Burroughs scholar Jenny Skerl) consists of several plotlines shuffled together, with the ""main"" plot loosely dealing with a group of wild boys that seek"
"Junkie (novel) Junkie: Confessions of an Unredeemed Drug Addict (originally titled Junk, later released as Junky) is a novel by American beat generation writer William S. Burroughs, published initially under the pseudonym William Lee in 1953. His first published work, it is semi-autobiographical and focuses on Burroughs' life as a drug user and dealer. It has come to be considered a seminal text on the lifestyle of heroin addicts in the early 1950s. The novel was considered unpublishable more than it was controversial. Burroughs began it largely at the request and insistence of Allen Ginsberg, who was impressed by Burroughs’s"
"Silas M. Burroughs (politician) Silas Mainville Burroughs (July 16, 1810 – June 3, 1860) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Ovid, New York, Burroughs completed a preparatory course. He was Village Clerk of Medina, New York, in 1835; and a Village trustee in 1836, from 1839 to 1843 and from 1845 to 1847. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840, and commenced practice in Medina. He was Village Attorney of Medina from 1845 to 1847. He was a brigadier general in the New York State Militia from 1848 to 1858. He was a member"
"another award for essay-length nature writing. John Burroughs Association The John Burroughs Association was founded in 1921 to commemorate the life and works of author/naturalist John Burroughs (1837-1921). Administered out of offices at the American Museum of Natural History, the Association owns the John Burroughs Sanctuary at West Park, in the town of Esopus, New York. The Sanctuary is the site of John Burroughs's cabin, Slabsides, a National Historic Landmark built 1895. In addition to maintaining the Sanctuary, the John Burroughs Association publishes a newsletter, ""The Wake Robin"". It also, on an annual basis, presents the John Burroughs Medal for"
"on the intelligentsia—as well as the general influence of existentialism and the legal battles to publish books then classified as obscene—made science fiction more sophisticated, especially in Britain. William S. Burroughs (1914–1997) was the writer who finally brought science fiction together with the trends of postmodern literature. With the help of Jack Kerouac, Burroughs published ""Naked Lunch"", the first of a series of novels employing a semi-dadaistic technique called the Cut-up and postmodern deconstructions of conventional society, pulling away the mask of normality to reveal nothingness beneath. Burroughs showed visions of society as a conspiracy of aliens, monsters, police states,"
"Queer (novel) Queer is an early short novel (written between 1951 and 1953, published in 1985) by William S. Burroughs. It is partially a sequel to his earlier novel, ""Junkie"", which ends with the stated ambition of finding a drug called Yage. ""Queer"", although not devoted to that quest, does include a trip to South America looking for the substance. The novel begins with the introduction of ""Lee,"" who recounts his life in Mexico City among an American expatriate college students and bar owners surviving on part-time jobs and GI Bill benefits. The novel is written in the third-person and"
"Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs is a collection of diary entries made by Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs between November 16, 1996 and July 30, 1997, only a few days before his death on August 2 at the age of 83. The collection was first published in hardcover by Grove Press in 2000 and was edited by Burroughs' longtime assistant, James Grauerholz. This final collection of writings by Burroughs was transcribed from mostly hand-written journal entries that were often difficult to decipher. Burroughs chronicles his thoughts"
"John Burroughs John Burroughs (April 3, 1837 – March 29, 1921) was an American naturalist and nature essayist, active in the U.S. conservation movement. The first of his essay collections was ""Wake-Robin"" in 1871. In the words of his biographer Edward Renehan, Burroughs' special identity was less that of a scientific naturalist than that of ""a literary naturalist with a duty to record his own unique perceptions of the natural world."" The result was a body of work whose resonance with the tone of its cultural moment explains both its popularity at that time, and its relative obscurity since. Burroughs"
"Speed (novel) Speed, first published in 1970, was the first of three published works by William S. Burroughs, Jr., the son of the Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs. ""Speed"" is an autobiographical novel about the ins and outs of the life of a methamphetamine addict. It starts out with Burroughs in his grandmother's house in Florida and moves to the streets of New York. It is written in the straight narrative style. Throughout the book the life of the speed addict is explored and the stories of how Burroughs got from being a teenage speed-freak to getting arrested and"
"The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs is a book by Daniel Odier built around an extensive series of interviews with Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs conducted in the late 1960s. Originally published in France in 1969, it was later reissued in several different English-language editions. Odier and Burroughs share authorship of the book, but it is common to see Burroughs given sole front cover author credit. As Burroughs explains in a foreword, what began as a series of impromptu interviews covering topics ranging from Scientology to Burroughs' longtime drug addiction led"
"Kentucky Ham Kentucky Ham, first published in 1973, was the second novel by William S. Burroughs, Jr., the son of Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs. Like its predecessor, ""Speed"", the book is an autobiographical novel based upon Burroughs' own life. In this case it covers a range of events, such as time spent in a prison farm in Kentucky, working on a fishing boat in Alaska, and visiting his father's old haunt, Tangiers. Burroughs Jr. went on to write a third novel, ""Prakriti Junction"", but it was never completed. Jennie Skerl, the academic who has published critical reviews of"
"The Soft Machine The Soft Machine is a 1961 novel by American author William S. Burroughs. It was originally composed using the cut-up technique partly from manuscripts belonging to ""The Word Hoard"". It is the first part of ""The Nova Trilogy"". The title ""The Soft Machine"" is a name for the human body, and the main theme of the book (as explicitly written in an appendix added to the 1968, British edition) concerns how control mechanisms invade the body. The book is written in a style close to that of ""Naked Lunch"", employing third-person singular indirect recall, though now using"
"W. D. Snodgrass William De Witt Snodgrass (January 5, 1926 – January 13, 2009) was an American poet who also wrote under the pseudonym S. S. Gardons. He won the 1960 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. W. D. Snodgrass was born on January 5, 1926, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, to Bruce De Witt, an accountant, and Jesse Helen (Murchie) Snodgrass. The family lived in Wilkinsburg, but drove to Beaver Falls for his birth since his grandfather was a doctor in the town. Eventually the family moved to Beaver Falls and Snodgrass graduated from the local high school in 1943. He then"
"child and affectionately referred to as '’Boyhood Rock'’. A line that he had written years before is etched on the tablet that marks the spot: ""I stand amid the eternal ways"". Woodchuck Lodge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1962. Riverby and Slabsides were similarly designated in 1968. All three are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since his death in 1921, John Burroughs has been commemorated by the John Burroughs Association. The association maintains the John Burroughs Sanctuary in Esopus, New York, a 170-acre plot of land surrounding Slabsides, and awards a medal each year to"
"is often erroneously credited to the elder Burroughs. Speed (novel) Speed, first published in 1970, was the first of three published works by William S. Burroughs, Jr., the son of the Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs. ""Speed"" is an autobiographical novel about the ins and outs of the life of a methamphetamine addict. It starts out with Burroughs in his grandmother's house in Florida and moves to the streets of New York. It is written in the straight narrative style. Throughout the book the life of the speed addict is explored and the stories of how Burroughs got from"
"man can get discouraged many times, but he is not a failure until he begins to blame somebody else and stops trying."" John Burroughs John Burroughs (April 3, 1837 – March 29, 1921) was an American naturalist and nature essayist, active in the U.S. conservation movement. The first of his essay collections was ""Wake-Robin"" in 1871. In the words of his biographer Edward Renehan, Burroughs' special identity was less that of a scientific naturalist than that of ""a literary naturalist with a duty to record his own unique perceptions of the natural world."" The result was a body of work"
"John Burroughs Association The John Burroughs Association was founded in 1921 to commemorate the life and works of author/naturalist John Burroughs (1837-1921). Administered out of offices at the American Museum of Natural History, the Association owns the John Burroughs Sanctuary at West Park, in the town of Esopus, New York. The Sanctuary is the site of John Burroughs's cabin, Slabsides, a National Historic Landmark built 1895. In addition to maintaining the Sanctuary, the John Burroughs Association publishes a newsletter, ""The Wake Robin"". It also, on an annual basis, presents the John Burroughs Medal for distinguished nature writing at book-length, and"
"St. Louis to visit Burroughs' parents and then moved with her daughter to Texas. Vollmer soon became pregnant with Burroughs' child. Their son, William S. Burroughs Jr., was born in 1947. The family moved briefly to New Orleans in 1948. Burroughs fled to Mexico to escape possible detention in Louisiana's Angola state prison. Vollmer and their children followed him. Burroughs planned to stay in Mexico for at least five years, the length of his charge's statute of limitations. Burroughs also attended classes at the Mexico City College in 1950 studying Spanish, as well as ""Mexican picture writing"" (codices) and the"
"American Arithmometer Company The American Arithmometer Company was organized in St. Louis, Missouri in 1886 by William S. Burroughs. Born in Rochester, New York in 1855, after receiving a high school education in 1881 and working in a bank, for health reasons he moved south. Burroughs began working in the Boyer Machine Shop in St. Louis, Missouri, constructing models for castings and working on new inventions. At that time he decided to design a machine for solving arithmetical problems. After submitting a patent in 1885 for an adding and listing machine with a full keyboard, on January 20, 1886 Burroughs"
"with elements of Burroughs' life, creating a hybrid film about the writing of the book rather than the book itself. Peter Weller starred as William Lee, the pseudonym Burroughs used when he wrote ""Junkie"". Naked Lunch Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a novel by American writer William S. Burroughs, originally published in 1959. The book is structured as a series of loosely connected vignettes. Burroughs stated that the chapters are intended to be read in any order. The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee, who takes on various aliases, from the U.S. to Mexico, eventually to"
"The Word Hoard The Word Hoard was a large body of text (approximately 1000 typewriter pages) produced by author William S. Burroughs between roughly 1954 and 1958. Material from the word hoard was the basis for ""Naked Lunch"", and the ""Interzone"" collection, as well as much of ""The Soft Machine"", and minor parts of ""Nova Express"" and ""The Ticket That Exploded"". Central to the ""Word Hoard"" was the 200-page ""Interzone"" manuscript that Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Alan Ansen helped organise and type up in Tangier in spring 1957, and which became, with later additions, ""Naked Lunch"" in 1959. ""The"
"during a 1983 tour of Scandinavia in the documentary """". A 2010 documentary, ""William S. Burroughs: A Man Within"", was made for Independent Lens on PBS. Burroughs was fictionalized in Jack Kerouac's autobiographical novel ""On the Road"" as ""Old Bull Lee"". He also makes an appearance in J. G. Ballard's semi-autobiographical 1991 novel ""The Kindness of Women"". In the 2004 novel ""Move Under Ground"", Burroughs, Kerouac, and Neal Cassady team up to defeat Cthulhu. Burroughs appears in the first part of ""The Illuminatus! Trilogy"" by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson during the 1968 Democratic National Convention riots and is"
"of the New York State Assembly (Orleans Co.) in 1837, 1850, 1851 and 1853. Burroughs was elected as a Republican to the 35th and 36th United States Congresses, holding office from March 4, 1857, until his death in Medina, New York, on June 3, 1860. He was buried at the Boxwood Cemetery. Pharmaceutical entrepreneur Silas Mainville Burroughs (1846–1895) was his son. Silas M. Burroughs (politician) Silas Mainville Burroughs (July 16, 1810 – June 3, 1860) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Ovid, New York, Burroughs completed a preparatory course. He was Village Clerk of Medina, New York,"
"work, does not include ""The Electronic Revolution"".) The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs is a book by Daniel Odier built around an extensive series of interviews with Beat Generation author William S. Burroughs conducted in the late 1960s. Originally published in France in 1969, it was later reissued in several different English-language editions. Odier and Burroughs share authorship of the book, but it is common to see Burroughs given sole front cover author credit. As Burroughs explains in a foreword, what began as a series of impromptu interviews covering topics ranging from"
"In 1914, following an antitrust suit, Burroughs was banned from buying competing companies. By 1916 there were 98 models, including a machine with 17 columns of keys priced at $615–$715. In 1928, Burroughs claimed that 100,000 Burroughs Portables had been sold. In 1935, Burroughs offered 450 standard models. Although the machine was a commercial success, Burroughs died in 1898 before receiving much money from it. However, one year before his death he received the John Scott Medal of the Franklin Institute as an award for his invention. American Arithmometer Company The American Arithmometer Company was organized in St. Louis, Missouri"