What satanic name was used to describe an apprentice who performed a number of tasks such as mixing tubs of ink in a printing establishment?
"Printer's devil A printer's devil was an apprentice in a printing establishment who performed a number of tasks, such as mixing tubs of ink and fetching type. A number of notable men served as printer's devils in their youth, including Ambrose Bierce, William Dean Howells, James Printer, Benjamin Franklin, Raymond C. Hoiles, Samuel Fuller, Thomas Jefferson, Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, Joel Chandler Harris, Warren Harding, Lawrence Tibbett, John Kellogg, Lyndon Johnson, Hoodoo Brown, James Hogg, Joseph Lyons, Albert Parsons and Lázaro Cárdenas. The origin of ""printer's devil"" is not definitively known. Various competing theories of the phrase's origin follow. ""Printer's"
"devil"" has been ascribed to parts of printer's apprentices' skin inevitably being stained black by the ink used in printing. As black was associated with the ""black arts"", the apprentice came to be called a devil. Another origin is linked to the fanciful belief among printers that a special devil (see the typographical personification Titivillus) haunted every print shop, performing mischief such as inverting type, misspelling words and removing entire lines of completed type. The apprentice became a substitute source of blame and came to be called a ""printer's devil"" by association. A third source involves a business partner of"
"the Aldine Press, who was denounced by detractors for practicing the black arts (early printing was long associated with devilry). The assistant to Manutius was a young boy of African descent who was accused of being the embodiment of Satan and dubbed the ""printer's devil"". One likely source stems from the fact that worn and broken lead type is thrown into a hellbox, which the printer's devil must take to the furnace for melting and recasting. Finally, English tradition links the origin of ""printer's devil"" to the assistant of the first English printer and book publisher, William Caxton. Caxton's assistant"
"Printer's Devil ""Printer's Devil"" is an episode of the American television anthology series ""The Twilight Zone"". The title comes from the expression printer's devil, an apprentice in the industry. The initial plot set-up is based in part on the well-known deal with the devil motif: a mysterious, seemingly eccentric man (played by frequent ""Twilight Zone"" contributor Burgess Meredith) brings success to a local newspaper by working as its reporter and linotype operator, eventually revealing that he wants the editor's soul in exchange. This hour-long episode was written by Charles Beaumont, and based on his 1951 short story ""The Devil, You"
"James Printer James Printer, also known as Wowaus, (1640–1709) was a Native American from the Nipmuc tribe who studied and worked as a printer in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of the most famous early Nipmuc writers. Printer was the first Native American printer's devil in America as well as one of John Eliot's most accomplished interpreters who assisted in the creation of the Eliot Indian Bible. Little is known of Printer's early years. Printer was born in the Indian Praying town of Hassanamesit near what is now Grafton, Massachusetts. He was the son of Naoas. Naoas was a convert"
"became a printer's devil, laboriously setting up type on a primitive ""Caxton"" hand press. Once his apprenticeship finished, and unhappy with a wage of 16 shillings a week, he moved on. To increase his prospects while working on the Nottingham Guardian as a compositor and assistant reporter, he taught himself shorthand. Moving on to Wales, he practised his shorthand in the local church, writing down the sermons and causing the vicar considerable distress. Early on a prominent local councillor complimented Morton on the report of his speech adding, 'It was a damned sight better than what I said.' In shaking"
"Mary Evans. He attended school in Jamaica Row, where he enjoyed mathematics but wished he had learned Latin. As a 13-year-old he began work as a ""reading boy"" at the printing house of Samuel Bentley in London in 1839. However, he was reassigned as a general errand boy because his stutter interfered with his duties. The hours were long—from seven in the morning until nine or ten at night—but the printmaking process itself, and the books produced by the establishment, fascinated Evans. Bentley soon realized the boy was talented after seeing his early attempts at scratching illustrations on slate, and"
"of John Eliot and a leading member of the Christian Native church in Hassanamesit. Printer attended Harvard's Indian College beginning in 1659. He worked as an apprentice to Samuel Green at his printing press. Through his apprenticeship he became an accomplished typesetter and he retained that career for most of his life. He lived and worked among the English for nearly his entire life. Printer was the first Native American printer's devil in America. He played an instrumental role in the printing of John Eliot's Indian Bible the first bible printed in America which was printed in the Massachusett language."
"The edition has been recorded as costing sixteen shillings, roughly equivalent to two months' wages for a skilled London clothworker at the time. By the late 1570s, there was open discontent among the less wealthy members of the Stationers' Company about Day's extensive patents. He was compelled to go to court against printers who pirated works to which he owned the rights. Among those brought to trial was Roger Ward, who admitted to pirating 10,000 copies of ""ABC with Catechisms"" in a font which imitated Day's. Day's former apprentice and sub-contractor John Wolfe admitted in court that he had pirated"
"him. John Awdely John Awdely (fl. 1559–1577) was an English printer in London, known as a writer of popular and miscellaneous works. Before 1559 he had become a freeman of the Stationers' Company; on 24 August of that year he presented an apprentice of his own, and on 6 November obtained licenses for printing his first publication, a 'morning and evenyng prayer.' From 1561 to 1571 his name occurs repeatedly in the Stationers' Registers as obtaining licenses for printing books and pamphlets, and as presenting apprentices. On several occasions he was fined for illegal printing of 'other men's copy,' and"
"interpretation, there is only one Uli. He also bears resemblance to Titivillus, a demon who serves Satan by introducing errors into type or writing. Titivillus Uli der Fehlerteufel Uli der Fehlerteufel (English: ""Uli the mistake devil"") or in abbreviated form ""Uli"" whose full name is ""Ulimantulus Irrichmich"". The last name has to be pronounced, ""Irr ich mich"", which means something like, ""Am I wrong?"" Uli was a rotund little red devil with blue-black hair depicted in German primary school books in the 1970s and the 1980s. Exercises were based on him, where for example Uli had removed the capital letters"
"night into the early hours of the morning in order to help my father, who was a casual labourer, to provide their children with a fair share of bread and dripping for breakfast and tea, and boiled rice for dinner."" Battley attended the Basnett Road Elementary School, leaving aged 13 to become a printer's apprentice. He found this experience quite distressing, describing the ""mischief done to my mind and soul as a lad"" but later set up his own printing firm with his brother George in 1905. At a time when a week's paid holiday was standard in the printing"
"famous evangelist then visiting Hannibal, hired to print a pamphlet of his sermon. While checking the galleys, Twain's fellow apprentice, Wales McCormick, found he had to make room for some dropped words, which he managed by shortening Jesus Christ on the same line to J. C. As soon as Campbell had read the proofs, he swept indignantly into the shop and commanded McCormick, ""So long as you live, don't you ever diminish the Savior's name again. Put it all in."" The puckish McCormick obeyed, and then some: he set Jesus H. Christ and printed up all the pamphlets. Smith suggests"
"areas of the mould. The good properties of tin were well known. The use of tin was sometime minimized to save expenses. Much of this toxic work was done by child labour, a labor force that includes children. As a supposed antidote to the inhaled toxic metal fumes, the workers were given a mixture of red wine and salad oil: Type metal In printing, type metal (sometimes called hot metal) refers to the metal alloys used in traditional typefounding and hot metal typesetting. Lead is the main constituent of these alloys. Antimony and tin are added to make the character"
"John Awdely John Awdely (fl. 1559–1577) was an English printer in London, known as a writer of popular and miscellaneous works. Before 1559 he had become a freeman of the Stationers' Company; on 24 August of that year he presented an apprentice of his own, and on 6 November obtained licenses for printing his first publication, a 'morning and evenyng prayer.' From 1561 to 1571 his name occurs repeatedly in the Stationers' Registers as obtaining licenses for printing books and pamphlets, and as presenting apprentices. On several occasions he was fined for illegal printing of 'other men's copy,' and on"
"half of the securities of the New York Stock Exchange. The company employed what were said to be the world's most skilled engravers, some of whom came from families which had been in the business for three or four generations. One of the more unusual job titles at the company was ""counterfeiter""; the job entailed attempting to produce copies of the company's own products. When attempts were successful, better engraving, paper, or inks were incorporated into the products, to increase the difficulty of fraudulently reproducing the documents. The counterfeiting office was in the tower (behind locked doors). One official counterfeiter"
"also reversing it). These engravers often worked 12- to 16-hour days and each line was scratched by hand onto soft steel plate with a magnifying glass in one hand. One mistake could ruin an entire plate. There were a half dozen engravers in England that made this look easy, based on the volume of etchings produced. A few of these popular engravers were admitted to the Royal Academy, including William Henry Mote. Here, however, the engraver was sarcastically called a ""copier"" and thus was limited to the Royal Academy rank of Associate; they were also warned by against ""piracy"". However,"
"pursue a proper job. He began his career as an amateur printer, printing a broadsheet called ""The Owl"" while he was still at school writing satires on his schoolmates and teachers and ""mournful valedictory odes"". He went through a youthful period, through which he thought all young poets with an imaginative cast of mind must inevitably pass, namely a combination of what he termed ""idealistic fanaticism and Byronic romanticism"". He studied art, painting and architecture at the Arts School of the University of California (The Mark Hopkins Institute). He later worked as an architect, a teacher of draughting and a"
"pages every day. His type was of such a shape that his editions are often taken for manuscripts. Abraham Conat Abraham ben Solomon Conat (flourished at Mantua in the second half of the 15th century) was an Italian Jewish printer, Talmudist, and physician. He obtained the title of ""ḥaber"" (associate of a rabbi) for his learning, but displayed it chiefly in the choice of works selected by him for printing, which art he and his wife Estellina expressly learned. He embarked upon the business of printing at Mantua in 1476, and became celebrated as one of the earliest printers of"
"them in ""The Marriage of Heaven and Hell"", the ""devils"" and ""angels"". Both are necessary to life according to Blake. Blake's text has been interpreted in many ways. It certainly forms part of the revolutionary culture of the period. The references to the printing-house suggest the underground radical printers producing revolutionary pamphlets at the time. Ink-blackened printworkers were comically referred to as a ""printer's devil"", and revolutionary publications were regularly denounced from the pulpits as the work of the devil. The book includes """"If the doors of perception were cleansed every thing would appear to man as it is, Infinite."
"name from his Orthodox Christian calendar and Sharik instead picked the publisher name — ""Poligraf"" (which in Russian is the root of several words related to printing art and technology). In the aftermath, the Professor and Bormenthal patiently attempt to teach Sharikov basic etiquette. Instead, Sharikov mocks manners as a relic of Tsarism. He insists that it's better to behave ""naturally"". As a result, Sharikov curses in front of women, refuses to shave, dresses in unwashed clothing, and eats like a complete slob. Meanwhile, Sharikov progressively turns the Professor's life into a living hell. One day, he accidentally turns on"
"and judge, who died of pneumonia in 1847, when Twain was 11. The next year, Twain left school after the fifth grade to become a printer's apprentice. In 1851 he began working as a typesetter, contributing articles and humorous sketches to the ""Hannibal Journal"", a newspaper that Orion owned. When he was 18, he left Hannibal and worked as a printer in New York City, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Cincinnati, joining the newly formed International Typographical Union, the printers trade union. He educated himself in public libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school. Twain describes"
"February 27, 1839, that lured Twain's father John Marshall Clemens to Hannibal. Twain himself worked on the ""Missouri Courier"", as a ""printer's devil"" in 1849, as he recalled in a 1908 letter to the ""Courier"" editors: Twain's older brother, Orion Clemens, briefly owned the ""Hannibal Journal and Western Union"", 1850-1853, employing Twain as a typesetter and contributor of articles and humorous sketches. In the ""Autobiography of Mark Twain, Volume 1, entry 29 March 1906"", Twain described his life as a printer's apprentice at the office of the ""Hannibal ""Courier"""" (""sic"") and how a fellow apprentice was rebuked for abbreviating ""Jesus"
"and set pages. Despite his mother's efforts to shield him from the Reign of Terror and other horrors, the aristocratic youth still witnessed many disturbing scenes, including the trials and executions of priests and nobles. He frequented the prisons and made friends of the guards, who admitted him to the cells, where he received and delivered letters for the clergy incarcerated there. Disguised as a baker's assistant, Bruté would bring the Eucharist to imprisoned priests. The baker was, in reality, a priest in hiding. Bruté began studying medicine in 1796 and graduated in 1803, though he never practiced medicine. Instead,"
"pellets between his fingers and substituting them. Charles H. Foster Charles Henry Foster (1838-1888) was an American spiritualist medium. Foster was born in Salem, Massachusetts. He became a medium as a young man producing in his séances a phenomenon known as ""skin writing"", alleged names of spirits would appear on parts of his body such as his arms or forehead. He was also known for pellet reading. This involved séance sitters writing the names of the deceased on slips of paper that were rolled into pellets and put on a table. The pellets were mixed with blank slips. Foster would"
"Wynkyn de Worde Wynkyn de Worde (died 1534) was a printer and publisher in London known for his work with William Caxton, and is recognised as the first to popularise the products of the printing press in England. Wynkyn de Worde was a German immigrant to England. There is some confusion in documentary sources as to the correct form of his name, which is given in the forms ""Wynkyn de Worde"", ""Wynken de Worde"", ""Wynkyn de Word"", ""Wijnkijn de Worde"", and ""Winandus van Worden"" (""Wynkyn"" is a diminutive of ""Wynand""). It is also given 15 times in the sacrist's roll"
"either hired trained printers or trained his hired servants to cut the wooden type and operate the presses needed. He also asked his employees to attend Sunday services and daily meetings at his home. Wat was noted by the ""Chinese Recorder"" as having received his initial Christian instruction not from Morrison but from William Milne, which would have occurred after he had (illegally) left Guangdong for Malacca around 1815. In Malacca, he worked for Milne at the Anglo-Chinese College along with Liang Fa, who instructed him in the art of printing and successfully converted him to belief in Christianity. As"
"hundred spinners, besides flax-dressers, weavers, at the market rate (a sixteen-hour day for 6""d"".), but with some bonuses in kind. He made arrangements for the comfort and cleanliness of his hands, and for the training of children from the streets. He printed large editions of a ""Scripture Catechism"" (probably by Edward Fowler), and gave rewards to those who learned it. The scheme never paid its way, and he had to carry the losses. In 1690 the patentees of the linen manufacture took it over, retaining Firmin as its manager on a salary, and reducing the wages. The new arrangement was"
"studied to become an iron turner and a copper smith. After school, he worked as a stock worker and as a turner fog a while. At the beginning of 1936 he travelled to Budapest in order to be trained to become a printer in the press of the Salesian order in Rákospalota. As an aspirant, he soon took part in the Salesians' education of children, and he dealt with the altar boys primarily. He applied for admission to the novitiate half a year later. First, the province council suggested two years of probationary period for him since he had to"
"Titivillus Titivillus was a demon said to work on behalf of Belphegor, Lucifer or Satan to introduce errors into the work of scribes. The first reference to Titivillus by name occurred in ""Tractatus de Penitentia"", c. 1285, by Johannes Galensis (John of Wales). Attribution has also been given to Caesarius of Heisterbach. Titivillus has also been described as collecting idle chat that occurs during church service, and mispronounced, mumbled or skipped words of the service, to take to Hell to be counted against the offenders. He has been called the ""patron demon of scribes"", as Titivillus provides an easy excuse"
"the Devil on his initiates to seal their obedience and service to him. He created the mark by raking his claw across their flesh, or by making a blue or red brand using a hot iron. Sometimes, the mark was believed to have been left by the Devil licking the individual. The Devil was thought to mark the individual at the end of nocturnal initiation rites. The witches' teat was a raised bump somewhere on a witch's body. It is often depicted as having a wart-like appearance. Apotropaic marks, made to keep witches out of buildings, are also referred to"
"apprentices in some trades. In printing, it consists of applying bronze blue to the apprentice's penis and testicles, a color made by mixing black printers ink and dark blue printers ink, which takes a long time to wash off. Similarly, mechanics get their groins smeared with old dirty grease. Hazing by women of their suitors, often assisted by the women's friends, can also play a role in budding romantic relationships, usually taking mental and psychological rather than physical forms, and apparently for the same basic purposes as other hazing. Hazing supposedly serves a deliberate purpose of building solidarity. Psychologist Robert"
"Kis, a Transylvanian Protestant priest and schoolmaster, became deeply interested in printing after being sent to Amsterdam to help print a Hungarian Protestant translation of the Bible. This was a period of considerable prosperity for the Netherlands and a time when its styles of printing were very influential across Europe, making it a centre for the creation of new typefaces. He developed a second career as a punchcutter, an engraver of the punches used as a master for stamping matrices for casting for metal type, selling his work to printers in the Netherlands and abroad. The style he worked in"