In English Common Law, what is the minimum number of people that can constitute a riot?
"a charge of murder; but if he claims to be so intoxicated that he is experiencing hallucinations and imagines that he is fighting giant snakes (as in ""Lipman"") then he can be guilty only of manslaughter. The House of Commons Library compiled a list of people who have acted in self-defence as part of its briefing on the Criminal Law (Amendment) (Householder Protection) Bill 2005. Section 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967 provides that: This abolished common law rules on what was ""reasonable,"" such as the duty to retreat. The definition of what constitutes a 'crime' was clarified under"
"Riot Act The Riot Act 1714 (1 Geo.1 St.2 c.5) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which authorized local authorities to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and to disperse or face punitive action. The act's long title was ""An Act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies, and for the more speedy and effectual punishing the rioters"", and it came into force on 1 August 1715. It was repealed in England and Wales by section 10(2) and Part III of Schedule 3 of the Criminal Law Act 1967. Acts similar to"
"Indian Penal Code (IPC). Riot is a statutory offence in England and Wales. It is created by section 1(1) of the Public Order Act 1986. Sections 1(1) to (5) of that Act read: A single person can be liable for an offence of riot when they ""use"" violence, provided that it is shown there were at least twelve present ""using or threatening"" unlawful violence. The word ""violence"" is defined by section 8. The violence can be against the person or against property. The ""mens rea"" is defined by section 6(1). Indictment See R v Tyler and others, 96 Cr App"
"the law does not use the terms, though it does mention ""riot"". Section 144 applies during riots and election proceeding after the declaration of election. See also: http://law.jrank.org/pages/11014/Unlawful-Assembly.html Unlawful assembly Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace. If the group is about to start the act of disturbance, it is termed a rout; if the disturbance is commenced, it is then termed a riot. In Britain, the offence was abolished in 1986. By the 19th century, ""unlawful assembly"" was the term used in English law"
"12 or more people rioting for various other purposes to refuse to disperse for an hour after being ordered to do so. Riot Act 1549 The Riot Act 1549 (3&4 Edw.6 c.5) was an Act of the Parliament of England. It made it high treason for 12 people or more to assemble and attempt to kill or imprison any member of the King's council or change the laws, and refuse to disperse when ordered to do so by a justice of the peace, mayor or sheriff. This offence was abolished by the Treason Act 1553, but another Act of that"
"dispersed. Because the authorities were required to read the proclamation that referred to the Riot Act before they could enforce it, the expression ""to read the Riot Act"" entered into common language as a phrase meaning ""to reprimand severely"", with the added sense of a stern warning. The phrase remains in common use in the English language. Riot Act The Riot Act 1714 (1 Geo.1 St.2 c.5) was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain which authorized local authorities to declare any group of 12 or more people to be unlawfully assembled and to disperse or face punitive action."
"United States federal law, a riot is defined as: Each state may have its own definition of a riot. In New York, the term ""riot"" is not defined explicitly, but under § 240.08 of the N.Y. Penal Law,""A person is guilty of inciting to riot when one urges ten or more persons to engage in tumultuous and violent conduct of a kind likely to create public alarm."" Sources: Riot A riot () is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people. Riots typically involve theft, vandalism,"
"Unlawful assembly Unlawful assembly is a legal term to describe a group of people with the mutual intent of deliberate disturbance of the peace. If the group is about to start the act of disturbance, it is termed a rout; if the disturbance is commenced, it is then termed a riot. In Britain, the offence was abolished in 1986. By the 19th century, ""unlawful assembly"" was the term used in English law for an assembly of three or more persons with intent to commit a crime by force, or to carry out a common purpose (whether lawful or unlawful), in"
"so to do, for that the punishments provided by the laws now in being are not adequate to such heinous offences"". The act created a mechanism for certain local officials to make a proclamation ordering the dispersal of any group of more than twelve people who were ""unlawfully, riotously, and tumultuously assembled together"". If the group failed to disperse within one hour, then anyone remaining gathered was guilty of a felony without benefit of clergy, punishable by death. The proclamation could be made in an incorporated town or city by the mayor, bailiff or ""other head officer"", or a justice"
"offence). The act does not apply to crowds gathered for the purpose of an election. The same act allows a magistrate to appoint citizens as ""special [police] constables"" to disperse a crowd, and provides indemnity for the hurting or killing of unlawfully assembled people in an attempt to disperse them. The Act was significantly amended in 2007. Belize, another former British colony, also still retains the principle of the Riot Act; it was last read on 21 January 2005, during the 2005 Belize unrest. While there is no specific form of words provided for such proclamations, they must be made"
"Riot Act 1549 The Riot Act 1549 (3&4 Edw.6 c.5) was an Act of the Parliament of England. It made it high treason for 12 people or more to assemble and attempt to kill or imprison any member of the King's council or change the laws, and refuse to disperse when ordered to do so by a justice of the peace, mayor or sheriff. This offence was abolished by the Treason Act 1553, but another Act of that year, 1 Mar. Stat.2 c.12, recreated it, but this time as a felony. The 1549 Act also made it a felony for"
"to avoid a decision being taken without a majority (e.g. voting 'No' to a motion or the third reading of a bill). Ties rarely occur—the last one was in July 1993. The quorum of the House of Commons is 40 members for any vote, including the Speaker and four tellers. If fewer than 40 members have participated, the division is invalid. Formerly, if a member sought to raise a point of order during a division, suggesting that some of the rules governing parliamentary procedure are violated, he was required to wear a hat, thereby signalling that he was not engaging"
"common-law jurisdictions, a lesser disturbance such as an affray or an unruly gathering may be deemed an unlawful assembly by the local authorities, and ordered to disperse. Failure to obey such an order would typically be prosecuted as a summary offence. Acts similar to the Riot Act have been enacted in some Australian states. For example, in Victoria the Unlawful Assemblies and Processions Act 1958 allowed a magistrate to disperse a crowd with the words (or words to the effect of): Anyone remaining after 15 minutes may be charged and imprisoned for one month (first offence) or three months (repeat"
"at raves. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act empowered police to stop a rave in the open air when a hundred or more people are attending, or where two or more are making preparations for a rave. Section 65 allows any uniformed constable who believes a person is on their way to a rave within a five-mile radius to stop them and direct them away from the area; non-compliant citizens may be subject to a maximum fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale (£1000). The Act was officially introduced because of the noise and disruption caused by"
"on 1 April 1987. History In the past, the Riot Act had to be read by an official - with the wording exactly correct - before violent policing action could take place. If the group did not disperse after the Act was read, lethal force could legally be used against the crowd. See also the Black Act. Section 515 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1894 formerly made provision for compensation for riot damage. Riot is a serious offence for the purposes of Chapter 3 of the Criminal Justice (Northern Ireland) Order 2008. See paragraph 13 of Schedule 5 to the"
"Riot A riot () is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people. Riots typically involve theft, vandalism, and destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops, cars, restaurants, state-owned institutions, and religious buildings. Riots often occur in reaction to a grievance or out of dissent. Historically, riots have occurred due to poor working or living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups, (race riot) or religions"
"raves. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act empowered police to stop a rave in the open air when a hundred or more people are attending, or where two or more are making preparations for a rave. Section 65 allows any uniformed constable who believes a person is on their way to a rave within a five-mile radius to stop them and direct them away from the area; non-compliant citizens may be subject to a maximum fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale (£1 000). The Act was ostensibly introduced because of the noise and disruption caused by"
"Part VII (""Public Order and Trespass"") amends the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 in two main ways. First, the definition of a 'rave' is amended so that only 20 people, rather than 100 must be present. Second the powers of police to move unauthorised travellers' sites are strengthened. This Part also amends the provisions of the Public Order Act 1986 concerning public assemblies. The earlier Act gave the police power to intervene if a public assembly of 20 or more people appeared likely to cause 'serious public disorder, serious damage to property or serious disruption to the life"
"Berry (aged 25 and from the Limedale district of the town), James Clift (aged 24 and from Chadderton), Mark Priest (aged 32 and from Glossop in Derbyshire), Alan Daley (aged 38 and from Failsworth), David Bourne (aged 35 and from Limeside), Steven Rhodes (aged 30 and from the Medway Road neighbourhood), Paul Brockway (aged 39 and from Blackley) and 22-year-old Failsworth man Stephen Walsh. A 16-year-old boy and a 17-year-old girl were also convicted of involvement in the riot but avoided prison sentences and instead received a supervision order and conditional discharge respectively. Judge Jonathan Geake noted that none of"
"which has made a motion towards its common purpose was termed a ""rout"", and if the unlawful assembly should proceed to carry out its purpose, e.g. begin to demolish a particular enclosure, it became a ""riot"". All three offences were misdemeanors in English law, punishable by fine and imprisonment. The offence was abolished by the Public Order Act 1986. The common law as to unlawful assembly extended to Ireland, subject to special legislation. The law of Scotland included unlawful assembly under the same head as rioting. Section 144 is a section of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which prohibits assembly"
"Violent disorder Violent disorder is a statutory offence in England and Wales. It is created by section 2(1) of the Public Order Act 1986. Sections 2(1) to (4) of that Act provide: ""3 or more persons"" See the following cases: ""Violence"" This word is defined by section 8. For the mens rea, see section 6(2). As to particularisation, see R v Mahroof, 88 Cr App R 317, CA. See sections 7(3) and (4). Before 1 January 2006 this offence was classified as an arrestable offence by virtue of section 24(1)(b) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. See now"
"behaviour"" to be the main cause, whilst 26% thought ""gang culture"" was, 8% thought ""government cuts"" were, 5% thought ""unemployment"" was, 5% thought ""racial tensions"" was and 3% thought ""poor policing"" was. In a ComRes poll for the ""Sunday Mirror"" and ""Independent on Sunday"", in which the question was ""do you agree or disagree with these statements about the recent riots?"", 90% of those polled agreed that the ""Police should be allowed to water cannon to disperse rioters"", 90% agreed that ""There is no excuse whatsoever for the violent rioting and looting over the last few days"", 61% agreed that"
"regards laymen by the Ecclesiastical Courts Jurisdiction Act 1860. Under that Act, which applies to Ireland as well as to England, persons guilty of riotous, violent or indecent behaviour, in churches and chapels of the Church of England or Ireland, or in any chapel of any religious denomination, or in England in any place of religious worship duly certified, or in churchyards or burial-grounds, were liable on conviction before two justices to a penalty of not more than £5, or imprisonment for any term not exceeding two months. This enactment applied to clergy as well as to laity, and a"
"diseases. Plus those who were present at the site of the explosion suffered from infertility, and other body deformations. Sociological hazards that create a disaster area are riots, terrorism, and war. A riot is defined as a noisy, violent public disturbance caused by a group or a crowd (three or more people) usually protesting against another group or government policy in the streets. The UK London riot in August 2011, for example, was started due to the shooting of Mark Duggan by the London police. The rioters came together destroying neighborhoods and streets violently damaging property to protest the police's"
"any individual on the grounds of mere ""suspicion"" of possible wrongdoing. Plain clothes police officers were dispatched into Brixton, and within five days almost 1,000 people were stopped and searched under this law. There was intense local indignation at this, since the vast majority of those stopped by the police were young black men. The riot resulted in almost 279 injuries to police and 45 injuries to members of the public, more than a hundred vehicles were burned (including 56 police vehicles), and almost 150 buildings were damaged, with 30 burned. There were 82 arrests. Reports suggested that up to"
"no immediate plans to seize or destroy the liquor. Separate contemporary accounts place the crowd's size between 1,000 and 3,000 by evening (out of a city population of about 21,000). As the crowd became larger, rock throwing and shoving began. Police were unable to deal with the growing mob, and Dow called out the militia. The exact details of the climax of the riot have been hotly debated. What is known is that after ordering the protesters to disperse, the militia detachment fired into the crowd on Dow's orders. One man, John Robbins, an immigrant and mate of a Maine"
"around 500–600 people were involved in the rioting. According to the PSNI, the riots are said to have been initially instigated by the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF). The clashes saw various dangerous objects such as petrol bombs, bricks, bottles, fireworks and smoke bombs thrown by both sides in what police described as ""high-level, life-threatening, organised, serious and sustained"" attack by people ""hell-bent on disorder"". At one point six shots were fired from the nationalist Short Strand area followed by about five shots from the loyalist Pitt Park. Two shots hit a police Land Rover in what the PSNI claimed was"
"Unlike the original Riot Act, the Criminal Code requires the assembled people to disperse within 30 minutes. When the proclamation has not been read, s 65 stipulates imprisonment for not more than two years as punishment for rioting. When the proclamation has been read and then ignored, the penalty increases. Section 68 provides for a sentence up to life imprisonment should the proclamation be ignored. The Riot Act was read during the Winnipeg general strike of 1919 and the 1958 First Nations riot over racial discrimination in Prince Rupert, British Columbia. One recent reading was during Vancouver's Stanley Cup riot"
"which promote feelings of ill-will or hostility between different races or classes of the population. Under the Public Order Act 2009, a police permit is required to hold public processions or outdoor assemblies legally. Indoor assemblies could be held freely without the need to apply for police permits. There have been multiple amendments to the Public Order Act since 2009 and as of October 2017, all event organisers are required to notify the police if they expect more than 5,000 attendees for public events or 10,000 at any one time for private assemblies. Further amendments to the Act include allowing"
"do so. Substantively identical language is currently codified in title 10 of the United States Code, chapter 15, section 334. Prohibitions against inciting riots were further codified in United States federal law under ""18 U.S. Code § 2101 – Riots"", as part of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, passed by the United States Congress. To this day many jurisdictions that have inherited the tradition of English common law and Scots law still employ statutes that require police or other executive agents to deliver an oral warning, much like the Riot Act, before an unlawful public assembly may be forcibly"
"Fear or provocation of violence Fear or provocation of violence is a statutory offence in England and Wales created under the Public Order Act 1986. The offence is created by section 4 of the Public Order Act 1986: (1) A person is guilty of an offence if he - with intent to cause that person to believe that immediate unlawful violence will be used against him or another by any person, or to provoke the immediate use of unlawful violence by that person or another, or whereby that person is likely to believe that such violence will be used or"
"Quorum A quorum is the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature) necessary to conduct the business of that group. According to ""Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised"", the ""requirement for a quorum is protection against totally unrepresentative action in the name of the body by an unduly small number of persons."" The term ""quorum"" is from a Middle English wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace, derived from Latin ""quorum"", ""of whom"", genitive plural of ""qui"", ""who"". As a result, ""quora"" as plural of"
"public assembly in certain government-controlled areas, and declaring curfews. It further authorizes any magistrate or police officer-in-charge to command any unlawful assembly of five or more persons to disburse if they are likely to cause a disturbance of the peace. Unlawful assemblies are categorically defined as those that seek to overawe the government or its officers by force or show of force; and those that resist the execution of any law or legal process; and those that compel by force or show of force others to do what they are not legally bound to do. Violations are punishable by imprisonment"