Which artist painted the picture, 'The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp' in 1632?
"The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Deijman The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Deijman (alternative spelling Deyman) is a 1656, fragmentary painting by Rembrandt, now in Amsterdam Museum. It is a group portrait showing a brain dissection by Dr. Jan Deijman (161966). Much of the canvas was destroyed in a fire in 1723 and the painting was subsequently recut to its present dimensions, though a preparatory sketch shows the full group. The painting shows Dr. Deijman performing a brain dissection on the cadaver of an executed criminal, the Flemish tailor Joris ""Black Jack"" Fonteijn (1633/3456). Dr. Deijman's assistant, the surgeon Gijsbert Calkoen"
"copy of ""The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Nicolaes Tulp"" by an unknown artist hangs in Edinburgh as part of The University of Edinburgh Fine Art Collection. ""The Gross Clinic"" of 1875 and ""The Agnew Clinic"" of 1889 are paintings by the American artist Thomas Eakins which treat a similar subject, operations on live patients in the presence of medical students. In 2010, Yiull Damaso created a parody of the painting depicting prominent South Africans. Nelson Mandela was the cadaver, Nkosi Johnson was the instructor, and the students were Desmond Tutu, F. W. de Klerk, Thabo Mbeki, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa,"
"the surgeons at work, and the resulting ""The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp"" made his reputation. In 1691 a theatrum anatomicum was added, which became famous for admitting (paying) members of the public to witness human dissections. After the guilds were dissolved around 1795 the building served numerous purposes, later housing a fire brigade and two museums (including the Jewish Historical Museum) before it was handed over to a foundation in 1990. This had plans to partly destroy the building and build an addition designed by Philippe Starck, but the foundation went bankrupt before any plans were carried out."
"and changed his name to Nicolaes (a more proper version of the name ""Claes"") Tulp. He began working in local politics as city treasurer, and in 1622, he became magistrate in Amsterdam. The career of Dr Tulp matched the success of Amsterdam. As the population of Amsterdam grew from 30,000 in 1580 to 210,000 in 1650, Dr Tulp's career as a doctor and politician made him a man of influence. He drove a small carriage to visit all the patients. Thanks to his connections on the city council, in 1628 Tulp was appointed ""Praelector Anatomiae"" at the Amsterdam Guild of"
"scientist such as Dr. Tulp would not be involved in menial and bloody work like dissection, and such tasks would be left to others. It is for this reason that the picture shows no cutting instruments. Instead we see in the lower right corner an enormous open textbook on anatomy, possibly the 1543 ""De humani corporis fabrica"" (""Fabric of the Human Body"") by Andreas Vesalius. The corpse is that of the criminal Aris Kindt (alias of Adriaan Adriaanszoon), who was convicted for armed robbery and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed earlier on the same day of the"
"Dirck Tulp Dirck or Diederik Tulp (1624–1682) was the son of the surgeon professor Nicolaes Tulp and involved in the Dutch East India Company and the Civic guard. Dirck Tulp visited Moscovia with his father-in-law; he was painted in 1653 by Paulus Potter. In 1647, Dirck accompanied Albert Burgh, son of a brewer and former mayor of Amsterdam, on his mission to Russia, to build up trade connections, especially in grain. Dirck Tulp married Anna Burgh in 1650, daughter of the late Burgh. The couple lived initially on Kloveniersburgwal 65, a building given to Anna by her family. This house"
"A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière (""""Une leçon clinique à la Salpêtrière""""), a group tableau portrait painted by the genre artist Pierre Aristide André Brouillet (1857-1914), is one of the best known paintings in the history of medicine and shows the neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot giving a clinical demonstration to a group of postgraduate students. It hangs in a corridor of the Descartes University in Paris. Although ""rather undistinguished … artistically … the painting is remarkable for its dimensions, the figures being nearly life size"". The painting is a rather large work, painted in bright,"
"Lesson of Dr Tulp"" by Rembrandt and represents the leading Amsterdam physician Hartman Hartmanzoon (1591–1659). Jan Swammerdam Jan Swammerdam (February 12, 1637 – February 17, 1680) was a Dutch biologist and microscopist. His work on insects demonstrated that the various phases during the life of an insect—egg, larva, pupa, and adult—are different forms of the same animal. As part of his anatomical research, he carried out experiments on muscle contraction. In 1658, he was the first to observe and describe red blood cells. He was one of the first people to use the microscope in dissections, and his techniques remained"
"body had set a precedent. It would be another 100 years before the surgeons were allowed to dissect a female cadaver. His most impressive work on medicine was his ""Observationes Medicae"", published in 1641 and again in 1652 by Lodewijk Elzevir. He wrote the first version for his son who had just graduated from Leiden and dedicated the second edition to him after his death. The book comprises minute descriptions of his work, including 231 cases of disease and death. Some called it the ""book of monsters"", because Tulp dissected animals brought back from the Dutch East India Company's ships,"
"Ovens was appreciated for his portraits and painted Nicolaes Tulp twice, his daughter Margaretha Tulp, her brother Dirk and his wife Anna Burgh. He also painted a portrait of the parents of Godert de Ginkell, 1st Earl of Athlone, Comenius, Maarten Tromp, Charles II of England, Colonel John Hutchinson, Adam Olearius, three times Christina of Sweden, Queen Sophie Amalie of Denmark, Jacob Backer, Jacques Specx, Lucia Wijbrants, Dirck Kerckring and twice Giuseppe Francesco Borri, an eye doctor, charlatan and alchemist. Ovens' best-known work is the ""Blue Madonna"" in Schleswig Cathedral. A self-portrait may be seen in the Laurentius-Kirche in Tönning."
"The Gross Clinic The Gross Clinic, or, The Clinic of Dr. Gross, is an 1875 painting by American artist Thomas Eakins. It is oil on canvas and measures by . Many art historians consider ""The Gross Clinic"" to be one of the best American paintings ever made. Dr. Samuel D. Gross, a seventy-year-old professor dressed in a black frock coat, lectures a group of Jefferson Medical College students. Included among the group is a self-portrait of Eakins, who is seen at the right-hand side of the painting, next to the tunnel railing, with a white cuffed sleeve sketching or writing."
"of a Clergyman"" dated c. 1640 is part of the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. The collection of the palace of Versailles holds the who became an alderman of Antwerp. This work is signed and dated 1652. The collection of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts of Antwerp holds a group portrait of surgeons attending an anatomy lesson referred to as ""The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Joannes van Buyten"". The work was formerly attributed to the Antwerp painter Huybrecht Sporckmans (1619-1690) and dated 1660. Recent research has provided strong evidence that the portrait was actually executed in 1648"
"Job Janszoon van Meekeren Job van Meekeren (1611 – 6 December 1666, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch surgeon. Van Meekeren was a pupil of Nicolaas Tulp and became a surgeon in Amsterdam in 1635. He was respected by outstanding contemporary medical doctors for his knowledge of medical literature and his skills, who made a definite link between anatomy and surgery. He showed a great interest in hand surgery, and interesting is a demonstration of flexor tendon repairs on corpses by one of his pupils. He wrote a book, which gives a good representation of the state of the art of"
"By May 1652, after a case about delivering a new painting, he returned to Amsterdam. Potter was invited by Nicolaes Tulp, who was impressed by his civilized behavior and politeness. Potter painted his son Dirck Tulp, but only changed the face on an earlier work he was not able to sell. Potter died in Amsterdam. Paulus painted a self-portrait which was at Hackwood Park, Hampshire until 1998. It is now at Elibank House, Buckinghamshire. A statue of Potter (sketching a distant statue of a goat) was erected at the Drommedaris in Enkhuizen in 1991. His most famous painting not to"
"as clinical Antonio Casanova, Théobald Chartran, Heny Geoffroy Van Leo was performed Aken, Arturo Michelena and Marc Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté-among others. Other exhibitions: Science and Charity Science and Charity is an oil painting by Pablo Picasso painted in Barcelona in 1897 and now is part of the permanent collection of the Museu Picasso, Barcelona. This is one of the most representative works of the artist's early years of training and he painted it when he was only 15 years old. The painting shows a sick patient in bed, with on the left a doctor taking a pulse. At right,"
"painting. As of 2009, ""The Agnew Clinic"" was on loan from the University of Pennsylvania to the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The Agnew Clinic The Agnew Clinic (or ""The Clinic of Dr. Agnew"") is an 1889 oil painting by American artist Thomas Eakins. It was commissioned to honor anatomist and surgeon David Hayes Agnew, on his retirement from teaching at the University of Pennsylvania. ""The Agnew Clinic"" depicts Dr. Agnew performing a partial mastectomy in a medical amphitheater. He stands in the left foreground, holding a scalpel. Also present are Dr. J. William White, applying a bandage to the patient;"
"Science and Charity Science and Charity is an oil painting by Pablo Picasso painted in Barcelona in 1897 and now is part of the permanent collection of the Museu Picasso, Barcelona. This is one of the most representative works of the artist's early years of training and he painted it when he was only 15 years old. The painting shows a sick patient in bed, with on the left a doctor taking a pulse. At right, a nurse in nun's habit holds out a cup to the patient, while holding a toddler with her other arm. José Ruiz y Blasco,"
"fountain or rock. The setting was often a garden or terrace against a sunset sky. He also created many group portraits of children or families shown at full length in landscape settings. During the 1670s and early 1680s he painted several portraits of children in the guise of mythological figures such as Ganymede, Apollo and Diana, either as single figure or in a family group. He further painted one group portrait of a guild, the (1680–81, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam). Nicolaes Maes Nicolaes Maes (January 1634 – November 24, 1693 (buried)) was a Dutch painter known for his genre scenes, portraits, religious"
"Francesco Melzi, for publication, a task of overwhelming difficulty because of its scope and Leonardo's idiosyncratic writing. The project was left incomplete at the time of Melzi's death more than 50 years later, with only a small amount of the material on anatomy included in Leonardo's ""Treatise on painting"", published in France in 1632. During the time that Melzi was ordering the material into chapters for publication, they were examined by a number of anatomists and artists, including Vasari, Cellini and Albrecht Dürer, who made a number of drawings from them. Leonardo's anatomical drawings include many studies of the human"
"showing a Prussian peasant from whom a 10-inch sword, swallowed in a drinking bout, has surgically been removed, a third showing renowned surgeon and designer of medical instruments Cornelis Solingen (1680). One of Solingen's inventions (part of the collection) was a screw to unindent a soldiers skull who had been hit by a bullet. Often in those days bullets did not fully penetrate a skull, merely deformed it. Four large allegoric paintings (± 1610) show in stages how the appreciation of a patient for his physician declines, from being a true savior when the illness is at its height, towards"
"Chicago's Northwestern University Medical School, Turck was an internist, medical researcher in cell biology, inventor of cytost serum, and author of ""The Action of the Living Cell"" (1933) as well as many tracts on gastrointestinal diseases. Turck was a direct descendant of Dr. Paschasius Turck, a sixteenth-century Dutch physician who treated William the Silent after he received severe wounds in a 1581 assassination attempt. During his return voyage to the United States, Turck ""began to feel guilty about the great cost of the statue"" and decided to keep the purchase hidden from his wife by storing the statue in the"
"primarily growths or ""carcinomas"", but also has accounts of creatures brought back from Dutch East India Company ships. His drawing of a Chimpanzee is considered the first of its kind. This creature was called an ""Indian Satyr"", since all ships cargo was considered Indonesian. However, the accompanying text claims the animal came from Angola. This drawing was copied many times and formed the basis for many theories on the origin of man. Most notably, Tulp's work and that of Jacob de Bondt (alias Jacobus Bontius) was copied and republished by Linnaeus to show a link between apes and man. One"
"also visited Germany and Italy. After 1918, he returned to Romania, and in 1925 was asked to organize the School of Arts in Cluj. Works of Popp are kept in the National Gallery of Budapest, as well as in art museums of Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara. Alexandru Popp Alexandru Popp (1868, Dieci –1949, Timișoara) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian artist and the founder of the School of Arts at Cluj. Popp was born in Dieci, received his initial art education in Arad, and studied painting in Budapest from 1888 to 1896, in particular, under Bertalan Székely and Károly Lotz. He later worked"
"Alexandru Popp Alexandru Popp (1868, Dieci –1949, Timișoara) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian artist and the founder of the School of Arts at Cluj. Popp was born in Dieci, received his initial art education in Arad, and studied painting in Budapest from 1888 to 1896, in particular, under Bertalan Székely and Károly Lotz. He later worked (with Károly Lotz) on murals for the Parliament building, the Palace of Justice and the Matthias Church in Budapest. In 1900, he was appointed to teach to the Academy of Applied Arts in Budapest, where he stayed until 1918. During his time in Budapest, Popp"
"printed, highly unusual at that time. His book comprises 164 cases from his practise, kept in a diary from his early career onwards. His book was illustrated with plates, and it is not clear who drew these or engraved them. According to various sources, he drew many of these himself. His birth name was Claes Pietersz. He adopted the name Tulp when he had a Tulip shaped sign placed outside his door when he set up shop in Amsterdam. Many of his early patients could not read or write. He soon no longer needed to advertise his services, however, and"
"The Doctor (painting) The Doctor is an 1891 painting by Luke Fildes that depicts a Victorian doctor observing the critical stage in a child's illness while the parents gaze on helplessly from the periphery. It has been used to portray the values of the ideal physician and the inadequacies of the medical profession. Different theories exist as to the painting's origin but it is most likely based upon Fildes' own experience of the death of his son. Critics have noted that Fildes omitted common medical equipment of his era in order to focus on the relationship between physician and patient."
"research. Only certified anatomists were allowed to perform dissections, and sometimes then only yearly. These dissections were sponsored by the city councilors and often charged an admission fee, rather like a circus act for scholars. Many European cities, such as Amsterdam, London, Copenhagen, Padua, and Paris, all had Royal anatomists (or some such office) tied to local government. Indeed, Nicolaes Tulp was Mayor of Amsterdam for three terms. Though it was a risky business to perform dissections, and unpredictable depending on the availability of fresh bodies, ""attending"" dissections was legal. The supply of printed anatomy books from Italy and France"
"Portrait of a Clergyman (de Ville) Portrait of a Clergyman — sometimes called Portrait of a 17th Century Clergyman or The Unknown Clergyman — is an oil on canvas portrait painting by Guilliam de Ville (""ca."" 1614–1672) dated 1639. The identity of the subject, an elderly clergyman, is unknown. It is owned by the Redwood Library and Athenaeum (Identifier: PA.125), Newport, Rhode Island, USA, where it hangs. De Ville was a Dutch painter of portraits and still lifes, born in Amsterdam and active in England. Only one other known painting by de Ville (a still life) survives. The portrait is"
"Theodor Kerckring Theodor Kerckring or Dirk Kerckring (sometimes Kerckeringh or Kerckerinck) (baptized 22 July 1638 – 2 November 1693) was a Dutch anatomist and chemical physician. Kerckring was born as the son of the Amsterdam merchant and VOC captain Dirck Kerckring and Margaretha Bas (daughter of Dirck Bas, a former mayor of Amsterdam). In the second half of the 1650s he was a pupil at the Latin School in Amsterdam of Franciscus van den Enden (at the same time as the philosopher Benedictus de Spinoza), before studying medicine at Leiden University under Franciscus Sylvius. Around 1660 he was painted by"
"Hendrick Munniks Hendrick Munniks, Munnicks, or Munnekus (c1600 – 1664), was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was probably born in Utrecht where he appears in the archives under the name Munnekus or Munniks. He was a pupil of Abraham Bloemaert and Pauwel van Overbeeck, and became a master in the Utrecht Guild of Saint Luke in 1627 or 1633 and its dean in 1643. The same year he moved to The Hague as court painter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. Among his famous paintings was a Venus image that was painted for Prince Frederick Henry's behalf, and a"
"prints that it seemed they were ""painted in order to be reproduced"". The painting represents an imaginary scene of a contemporary scientific demonstration, based on real life, and depicts the eminent French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) delivering a clinical lecture and demonstration at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (the room in which these demonstrations took place no longer exists at the Salpêtrière). On the rear wall of the lecture room is the (1878) large charcoal work, drawn by the anatomist and medical artist Paul Richer, which reproduces the hysterical pose captured in one of the many photographs taken in the"
"The Agnew Clinic The Agnew Clinic (or ""The Clinic of Dr. Agnew"") is an 1889 oil painting by American artist Thomas Eakins. It was commissioned to honor anatomist and surgeon David Hayes Agnew, on his retirement from teaching at the University of Pennsylvania. ""The Agnew Clinic"" depicts Dr. Agnew performing a partial mastectomy in a medical amphitheater. He stands in the left foreground, holding a scalpel. Also present are Dr. J. William White, applying a bandage to the patient; Dr. Joseph Leidy (nephew of paleontologist Joseph Leidy), taking the patient's pulse; and Dr. Ellwood R. Kirby, administering anesthetic. In the"
"included Alessandro Achillini and Antonio Benivieni. Pathological anatomy Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was trained in anatomy by Andrea del Verrocchio. In 1489 Leonardo began a series of anatomical drawings depicting the ideal human form. This work was carried out intermittently for over 2 decades. During this time he made use of his anatomical knowledge in his artwork, making many sketches of skeletal structures, muscles and organs of humans and other vertebrates that he dissected. Initially adopting an Aristotlean understanding of anatomy, he later studied Galen and adopted a more empirical approach, eventually abandoning Galen altogether and relying entirely on his"