What was made by the now defunct companies 'Delarge', 'Delahaye' and 'Hotchkiss'?
"After having spent World War II building railroad rolling stock (train cars) for the German occupiers, Delahaye was included in deputy director General Paul-Marie Pons' 1945 """" for French industry and engineering. His ""Plan Pons"" was a five-year program for the reconstruction of French industry, and a supposed source for incoming capital for French companies and the government's depleted coffers. The plan allotted Delahaye the position of building covetable sports and luxury cars for the export market. Over 80 percent of the company's automotive chassis were exported to France's colonies, including those in Africa. The objective was to generate much-needed"
"agreement was signed by the two company presidents, Pierre Peigney for Delahaye and Paul Richard for Hotchkiss, on 19 March 1954. Delahaye shareholders agreed to the protocol, which amounted to a takeover of Delahaye by Hotchkiss, less than three months later, on 9 June. Hotchkiss shut down Delahaye car production. By the end of 1954, for a brief period selling trucks with the Hotchkiss-Delahaye nameplate, the combined firm was itself taken over by Brandt, and by 1955, Delahaye and Hotchkiss were out of the automotive chassis business altogether, having their facilities absorbed by the giant Brandt organization with its own"
"first new car post war was a 13 CV four-cylinder model. From 1947, two-litre flat-four models are frequently called Hotchkiss-Grégoire. In 1954, Hotchkiss purchased French manufacturer Delahaye, closing down their automotive line but continuing to produce Hotchkiss-Delahaye trucks for a few months before eliminating the Delahaye name completely. After 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under licence from Willys. In 1956, Hotchkiss merged with French car manufacturer Brandt, producing jeeps at their factory near Paris for the French military until 1966. The firm was merged into Thomson-Houston in 1966 and in 1970 stopped producing vehicles of any sort. In the early 1970s,"
"with Kaiser-Willys Motors, and obtained sanction to manufacture its Willys MB ""Jeep"" in France. The French army had learned to appreciate the simpler machine, available at a much lower price, and cancelled Delahaye's contract for the more sophisticated VLR reconnaissance vehicle, dealing a hard blow to Delahaye. In August 1953 the company laid off more than 200 workers and salaried employees. Rumours of management discussions with Hotchkiss over some sort of coming together proved well founded. Hotchkiss were struggling with the same problems, but it was hoped that the two businesses might prove more resilient together than separately, and an"
"gasoline-powered cars. 1898 - The Renault brothers, Louis, Marcel and Fernand, sell their first car. 1903 - France remains the world's leading automaker, producing 30,124 cars (nearly 49% of the world total) as against 11,235 cars produced in the USA. 1903 - Hotchkiss et Cie is founded. The company is bought by Peugeot in 1950, but discontinues auto production by 1955. 1905 - Delage is founded by Louis Delage. Company is bought by Delahaye in 1935 but ceases auto production in 1954. 1910 - Ettore Bugatti started the Bugatti company in Molsheim (then in Germany, now in France). Production ends"
"the Hotchkiss marque disappeared, as the French conglomerate came to be known as Thomson-Brandt. This, in turn, was nationalized in 1982 to form Thomson SA. The name of the Hotchkiss firm was given to a form of power transmission from a vehicle's engine by shaft to the differential on its back axle, which through leaf springs both locates the back axle and transmits drive forces to the vehicle, called Hotchkiss drive. Hotchkiss et Cie Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie was a French arms and, in the 20th century, automobile manufacturer first established by United States gunsmith Benjamin"
"which was newly designed and French. The Delahaye was relatively complex, technically, but the French military insisted that this was not a problem for them. Nevertheless, by 1955, with just 9,623 of the Delahaye vehicle produced and the Delahaye company itself financially dead, production of the Delahaye VLR was suddenly abandoned very soon after Delahaye ran out of money and its assets fell into the hands of Hotchkiss. At this stage the E.R.G.M was still supplying reconstructed Jeeps from its stock of surplus parts at Maltournée, but with the Delahaye VLR no longer available the army decided that a more"
"much comment in the press and was blamed for its lack of sales success on the civilian market, was not seen as a problem by the army. Nevertheless, by the mid-1950s the army had switched to the mechanically simpler Jeep, then being assembled in France by Hotchkiss under Willys license as the Hotchkiss M201. The Delahaye business itself was taken over by Hotchkiss in 1954, after which VLR production seems to have been quickly stopped. Delahaye VLR The Delahaye VLR was a four-wheel-drive passenger vehicle clearly inspired by the Jeep and first presented, after an unusually long gestation, by Delahaye"
"particularly light. In 1933, ""Hotchkiss"" offered an alternative solution, the later Hotchkiss H35. For political reasons this proposal was turned into the ""Plan 1933"" and the whole of French industry was in August 1933 invited to propose possible designs. Fourteen companies responded (among which ""Delaunay-Belleville"") and five submitted a prototype: ""Hotchkiss"" itself, the ""Compagnie Général de Construction des Locomotives"", APX, FCM and of course France's prime tank producer: Renault. Fearing that his rival Hotchkiss might well replace him as such, Louis Renault hurried to finish a vehicle; construction was soon in such an advanced stage that the changes in specification"
"Delahaye, died in December 1947, and during the next few years any residual autonomy that the business had enjoyed disappeared. Increases in motoring taxes, most notably in 1948 and most savagely targeting cars with engines of above 2 litres, combined with the depressed economic conditions of post-war France to create a difficult market for luxury car manufacturers. In 1950 Delahaye produced 235 cars which will have included a significant number of Delages. In 1951 the combined production figure for the two brands slumped to 77: in 1952 it was down to 41. In 1953 Delage production ended. Delage was absorbed"
"Hotchkiss machine gun The Hotchkiss machine gun was any of a line of products developed and sold by Hotchkiss et Cie, (full name Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie), established by United States gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. Hotchkiss moved to France and set up a factory, first at Viviez near Rodez in 1867, then at Saint-Denis near Paris in 1875 manufacturing arms used by the French in the Franco-Prussian War. At the turn of the twentieth century, the company introduced the gas-actuated Hotchkiss machine gun, a sturdy and reliable weapon which was widely used during World War I"
"and thereafter by the French Army. Weapons manufactured in the Hotchkiss machine gun line include: The Hothckiss design was also used on foreign productions: Hotchkiss machine gun The Hotchkiss machine gun was any of a line of products developed and sold by Hotchkiss et Cie, (full name Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie), established by United States gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. Hotchkiss moved to France and set up a factory, first at Viviez near Rodez in 1867, then at Saint-Denis near Paris in 1875 manufacturing arms used by the French in the Franco-Prussian War. At the turn of"
"never sold in sufficient numbers to compensate for the commercial failure visited on the company’s luxury car sales by post war austerity and government taxation policy, and once the army contract for the VLR’s was lost the company quickly fell into the arms of Hotchkiss, the sale protocol being signed by the Delahaye shareholders on 9 June 1954. By this time Delahaye 171 sales had slowed to a trickle, with just 28 of them delivered during 1954, at the end of which production of the 171 was stopped. Delahaye 171 The Delahaye 171 was a “colonial” style vehicle developed by"
"Grès, Perfumes Lalique, Jaguar Fragrances, Bentley Fragrances and Ultrasun. The company has been listed on the stock exchange since 2007. It was first listed on the BX Berne eXchange and since June 2018 the Group has been listed on SIX Swiss Exchange. Silvio Denz accumulated the world's largest private collection of vintage perfume bottles designed by René Lalique, comprising over 650 original pieces. In 2008 the company acquired the French crystalware house Lalique S.A. The group became profitable again after being restructured, with branding focused on art, decorative items, interior design, jewellery, perfume and hospitality. Co-branding projects were developed between"
"Hotchkiss et Cie Société Anonyme des Anciens Etablissements Hotchkiss et Cie was a French arms and, in the 20th century, automobile manufacturer first established by United States gunsmith Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. He moved to France and set up a factory, first at Viviez near Rodez in 1867, then at Saint-Denis near Paris in 1875 manufacturing arms used by the French in the Franco-Prussian war. An example of the company's output was the Hotchkiss revolving cannon (see picture from a privately circulated book dated 1874 by Alfred Koerner, later chairman of the company). The cannon had five barrels each able to"
"bars to fudge. Large manufacturers of chocolate products include Cadbury (the world's largest confectionery manufacturer), Ferrero, Guylian, The Hershey Company, Lindt & Sprüngli, Mars, Incorporated, Milka, Neuhaus and Suchard. Guylian is best known for its chocolate sea shells; Cadbury for its Dairy Milk and Creme Egg. The Hershey Company, the largest chocolate manufacturer in North America, produces the Hershey Bar and Hershey's Kisses. Mars Incorporated, a large privately owned U.S. corporation, produces Mars Bar, Milky Way, M&M's, Twix, and Snickers. Lindt is known for its truffle balls and gold foil-wrapped Easter bunnies. Food conglomerates Nestlé SA and Kraft Foods both"
"135, now equipped with three Solex carburetors and hydraulic brakes. It was too little, much too late to make any difference, despite being an excellent automobile. The company did not survive much longer. Its doors were permanently closed and locked in December 31st, 1954. Sixty years of car production had come to an ignominious end in defeat. Delahaye had been absorbed by arch competitor Hotchkiss, in 1953, and both Delahaye and Hotchkiss succumbed to the changing global circumstances, causing their absorption by the gian Brandt organization, for their assets to be converted into making other industrial and commercial items. The"
"Delaunay-Belleville Automobiles Delaunay-Belleville was a French luxury automobile manufacturer at Saint-Denis, France, north of Paris. At the beginning of the 20th century they were among the most prestigious cars produced in the world, and perhaps the most desirable French marque. Julien Belleville had been a maker of marine boilers from around 1850. Louis Delaunay joined the firm in 1867 and married Belleville's daughter. He changed his name to Delaunay-Belleville and succeeded his father-in-law in charge of the company. S.A. des Automobiles Delaunay-Belleville was formed in 1903 by Louis Delaunay and . Barbarou's family owned the boiler making company St. Denis"
"Delsey Delsey () is a French company which manufactures luggage and travel accessories. It is based in Tremblay-en-France, in the Paris suburbs. Delsey employs 400 staff, and has a turnover of about 130 million euro. As of 2010, it held second place in the global luggage market, behind Samsonite. In 1911, the Établissements Delahaye specialised in the manufacture of cases for cameras and covered cases for typewriters and record players. Émile Delahaye and the Seynhaeve brothers joined forces in 1946, combining their names to create the Delsey brand. Delsey made use of its experience in the production of camera and"
"In 1867, Hotchkiss moved to France and set up a munitions factory, first in Viviez, near Rodez, then in Saint-Denis, near Paris, named Hotchkiss et Cie. At about this time, he developed a revolving barrel machine gun (in French: ""canon-revolver"") known as the Hotchkiss gun; the gun was made in four sizes from 37 mm to 57 mm, the largest intended for naval use. After his death, the Hotchkiss company also developed in 1897 and later manufactured in large numbers an air-cooled, gas-actuated infantry machine gun which was widely used by several countries, particularly France and the United States during"
"Chapron. 1954 marked the exit from auto-production of both brands. The political context and the state of the post-war French economy were hostile to large cars in France. In 1954 even Henry Ford gave up on French auto-production, selling his business to Simca. By 1955 Delahaye had been taken over by Hotchkiss whose own business now survived, at least for the time being, not from producing luxury cars but on the basis of rebuilding and, by now increasingly building from scratch, Jeep based vehicles. The D6 3-litre came in its standard form with only one carburettor, In 1946 a performance"
"term. The last models to emerge from the factory in Courbevoie were the types D6-65, D8-85 and D8-105, designed by engineer Michelat. On 20 April 1935 the factory in Courbevoie went into voluntary liquidation. But Louis Delage would not admit defeat, and with the help of a businessman called Walter Watney created the Société Nouvelle des Automobiles Delage (SAFAD), to market Delage cars, assembled from production Delahayes. This union created the 4-cylinder DI 12 and the D8 120, and also the 6-cylinder D6 70. Watney had taken control as president of SAFAD, but he was a British national and in"
"a radical bid to create a new generation of cars. The car carried the name of its designer, Jean-Albert Grégoire, a man who had made his name in the 1930s as a car designer, with experience in designing front-wheel-drive cars, and a man who had spent much time during the war working on the application of aluminium to car production. Directly after the war, with European demand for war planes abruptly curtailed, the recently developed aluminium industry found opportunities in the more radical designs coming out of the automotive sector, and the Hotchkiss Grégoire was notable for its lightweight chassis,"
"Delage Delage was a French luxury automobile and racecar company founded in 1905 by Louis Delage in Levallois-Perret near Paris; it was acquired by Delahaye in 1935 and ceased operation in 1953. The company was founded in 1905 by Louis Delage, who borrowed Fr 35,000, giving up a salary of Fr 600 a month to do so. Its first location was on the Rue Cormeilles in Levallois-Perret. The company at first had just two lathes and three employees, one of them Peugeot's former chief designer. Delage initially produced parts for Helbé, with the De Dion-Bouton engine and chassis assembled by"
"Hotchkiss Grégoire The Grégoire is a luxury car produced from 1950 to 1954 by the French automaker Hotchkiss. Only about 247 were produced, with serial numbers 500 to 747. The Grégoire was a modern-looking four-door saloon. Reportedly as a response to disappointing sales for the saloon, special-bodied coach-built coupé and cabriolet versions also appeared at the 1952 Paris Motor Show, including a streamlined Grégoire-based coupé with an eye-catching 'panoramic' rear window bodied by the coachbuilder Henri Chapron. For more than thirty years, each new Hotchkiss had represented a gentle evolution from the previous model. With the Grégoire the company made"
"François Demachy François Demachy is a French perfumer. He trained at . He currently works as a perfumer for Christian Dior and other brands under the LMVH umbrella. Born in Cannes, Demarchy has lived almost all his life in Grasse[1], where his father has a pharmacy. He studied dentistry, physiotherapy, then after working at Mane, studied at the school of perfumery company Charabot. After five years of study at Charabot, Demachy joined Chanel, where he was appointed Director of Research and Development, collaborating simultaneously with the creation of perfumes of Chanel, Ungaro, Bourjois and Tiffany.[1] In 2006 he was appointed"
"Delahaye 235 Delahaye 235 is a luxury car built by French manufacturer Delahaye from 1951 until 1954. Presented at the 1951 Paris Auto Salon, the 235 was an attempt at updating the pre-war Type 135 for the 1950s. It competed with the Grégoire and Anjou models, built by Hotchkiss, another French luxury marque. Delahaye needed a boost, as combined production of the Types 135 and 175 (and long wheelbase 178/180) had dropped to an abysmal 77 by 1951. Most noticeable was the new modern ponton-style bodywork, with the full width front designed by chief designer Philippe Charbonneaux. The mechanics were"
"early 1940s. By the end of 1918, 47,000 Hotchkiss machine guns had already been delivered to the French army alone. Including all international sales, the grand total of all Hotchkiss machine guns sold by the manufacturer in various calibers was well in excess of 100,000 units. The Hotchkiss was based on a design by Captain Baron Adolf Odkolek von Ujezda of Vienna, tested in 1893 in Saint-Denis, near Paris. The patents had been purchased in 1894-1895 by the firm of Benjamin Hotchkiss. Benjamin Hotchkiss was no longer alive at the time of the purchase, but the Odkolek design was further"
"but as of 2016 all outlets appear to have closed without official notice. Today, the Délifrance range includes over 1000 products including bread, ""viennoiseries"", patisseries and savoury products. Different modes of ""utilisation"": Délifrance Délifrance is a bakery company that produces ""French style"" bakery, savoury and snacking products in over 100 countries on five continents. It has been in operation since 1983. The sister company of Délifrance is ""Grands Moulins de Paris,"" which is a major French milling company and supplies 100% of the flour used in Délifrance's products. Délifrance has 12 subsidiaries in Europe and the Middle East. Its restaurants"
"developed by Henri Sainte-Claire Deville in 1854 and was granted a 30-year monopoly by the French government. During World War I (1914–18) Tréfileries et Laminoirs du Havre (TLH) acquired a large stake in the Société d'Alais et de la Camargue. This company in turn took control of the Société électrométallurgique de Froges in 1919 to become the Compagnie des produits chimiques et électrométallurgiques d'Alais, Froges et Camargue. Hippolyte Bouchayer represented TLH in Pechiney. Pechiney had developed a significant presence in Europe in the 1930s and first prospected the American market in 1911 before acquiring a strong foothold there in the"
"and uncle. Initially with eight employees, the company purchased perfumes and cosmetics for imported perfumery retailers. After acquiring all the equity in Alrodo in 1984, he built up the company over the next 20 years to become Switzerland's largest perfumery chain, with 120 branches. Between 1980 and 2000, the number of employees rose from 8 to 800. In 2000 Denz sold Alrodo to the French perfumery chain Marionnaud. In the same year he founded Lalique Group (formerly known as Art & Fragrance) specializing in the creation, production and marketing of perfume and cosmetic brands such as Perfumes Alain Delon, Parfums"
"Délifrance Délifrance is a bakery company that produces ""French style"" bakery, savoury and snacking products in over 100 countries on five continents. It has been in operation since 1983. The sister company of Délifrance is ""Grands Moulins de Paris,"" which is a major French milling company and supplies 100% of the flour used in Délifrance's products. Délifrance has 12 subsidiaries in Europe and the Middle East. Its restaurants serve ""French style"" baked products such as croissants, gâteaux, fougasses, pains au chocolat, brioches, crisp praline, and baguettes. Most Délifrance restaurants also serve beverages, coffee and pasta. In 1997 Sembawang Corporation Limited"
"Hotchkiss Ordnance Company The Hotchkiss Ordnance Company was an English armaments manufacturer founded by American ordnance engineer Benjamin B. Hotchkiss. In the 1850s, Hotchkiss was employed as a gunsmith in Hartford, working on Colt revolvers and Winchester rifles. He went to France in 1867 and organized Hotchkiss & Co. in 1875, setting up offices in Paris and manufacturing facilities in Saint-Denis. This company enjoyed success and the confidence of French authorities, receiving large governmental orders and was allowed to export arms to other countries. In 1884, Hotchkiss and William Armstrong & Co. of England agreed to manufacture Hotchkiss guns at"