Which battle between England and France was fought in August 1346?
"Battle of Crécy The Battle of Crécy (26 August 1346), also spelled Cressy, was an English victory during the Edwardian phase of the Hundred Years' War. It was the first of three famous English successes during the conflict, followed by Poitiers in 1356 and Agincourt in 1415. The battle was fought on 26 August 1346 near Crécy, in northern France. An army of English, Welsh, and allied mercenary troops led by Edward III of England, engaged and defeated a much larger army of French, Genoese and Majorcan troops led by Philip VI of France. Emboldened by the lessons of tactical"
"a proclamation from the French king instructing Norman raiding parties to despoil the south coast of England, which was used by recruiting parties in England for several years to stir up anti-French feeling. The English army moved off on 1 August 1346, southwards to the River Seine and towards Paris beyond. By 12 August they were from Paris. They then turned north and a month after the capture of Caen the English won the Battle of Blanchetaque as they fought their way across the Somme. On 28 August the main French army under Philip VI was crushingly defeated at the"
"Siege of Calais (1346–1347) The Siege of Calais (4 September 1346 – 3 August 1347) occurred when an English army under the command of King Edward III of England successfully besieged the French garrison of Calais. It was an important engagement early in the Edwardian phase of the Hundred Years' War. During 1346, the English army attempted to take Calais by assaulting it outright. Although the English had surrounded the port, their siege lines were not tight and the French were still able get supplies into Calais, usually by sea. Once it became clear to Edward that an assault was"
"Lancaster's chevauchée of 1346 Lancaster's chevauchée of 1346 was a large scale mounted raid undertaken by Henry, Earl of Lancaster, between 12 September and 31 October 1346, as a part of the Hundred Years' War. Lancaster commanded approximately 2,000 English and Gascon soldiers, all mounted, and met no effective resistance from the French. The chevauchée burned and looted large areas of Saintonge, Aunis and Poitou in south west France. Numerous towns, castles and smaller fortified places were captured by Lancaster. The year had started with a ""huge"" French army besieging the strategically important town of Aiguillon in Gascony. Lancaster refused"
"had moved the focus of the fighting from the heart of Gascony to or more beyond its borders. Lancaster's chevauchée of 1346 Lancaster's chevauchée of 1346 was a large scale mounted raid undertaken by Henry, Earl of Lancaster, between 12 September and 31 October 1346, as a part of the Hundred Years' War. Lancaster commanded approximately 2,000 English and Gascon soldiers, all mounted, and met no effective resistance from the French. The chevauchée burned and looted large areas of Saintonge, Aunis and Poitou in south west France. Numerous towns, castles and smaller fortified places were captured by Lancaster. The year"
"Anglo-French War (1213–1214) The Anglo-French War was a war between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England. The war was mainly fought in Normandy, where John, King of England fought King Philip II of France for domination. The end of the war came to an end at the decisive Battle of Bouvines, where Philip defeated England and its allies. Normandy, once a site of conflict between Richard I of England and Philip II of France, grew to be one of the hot spots of the wars as the King of England as Duke of Normandy had to defend"
"English. They had achieved naval domination early in the war at the Battle of Sluys in 1340,devastated the French in south west France with the Gascon campaigns of 1345 and 1346, inflicted a severe defeat on the French army at Crécy in 1346, and captured Calais in 1347. In the late 1340s and early 1350s, the Black Death decimated the population of Western Europe, bringing all significant efforts in campaigning to a halt, one such victim being Philip VI of France himself. In 1355, Edward III laid out plans for a second major campaign. His eldest son, Edward, the Black"
"naval technology of the time and the French were unable to prevent Edward successfully crossing the Channel. The campaign began on 11 July 1346, when Edward's fleet departed the south of England and landed the next day at St. Vaast la Hogue, from Cherbourg. The English army was estimated to be between 12,000 and 15,000 strong and consisted of both English and Welsh soldiers combined with a number of German and Breton mercenaries and allies. It included several Norman barons who were unhappy with the rule of Philip VI. The English ""achieved complete strategic surprise"" and marched south. Edward's aim"
"Battle of Caen (1346) The Battle of Caen on 26 July 1346 was the assault on the French held town by part of an invading English army under King Edward III () as a part of the Hundred Years' War. Elements of the English army of 12,000–15,000, nominally commanded by the Earl of Warwick and the Earl of Northampton, prematurely attacked the town. Caen was garrisoned by 1,000–1,500 soldiers and an unknown but large number of armed townsmen, commanded by Raoul, the Count of Eu. The town was captured in the first assault; many nobles were taken prisoner and 5,000"
"was finally lost by the English monarch Mary I following the 1558 siege of Calais. The fall of Calais marked the capture of England's last possession in mainland France. In 1880, Calais commissioned a statue by Auguste Rodin of the town leaders at the moment of their surrender to Edward. The resulting work, ""The Burghers of Calais"", was completed in 1889. Siege of Calais (1346–1347) The Siege of Calais (4 September 1346 – 3 August 1347) occurred when an English army under the command of King Edward III of England successfully besieged the French garrison of Calais. It was an"
"Battle of Morlaix The Battle of Morlaix was a battle fought in Morlaix on 30 September 1342 between England and France. The English besieged the town, but a French relief force arrived. The English constructed a strong defensive position. After repeated attacks, the French forced the English to retreat into the woods. The French force then withdrew. Notably it was the first use of a tactical withdrawal by the English in medieval warfare. In 1341 John III, Duke of Brittany died without leaving an heir. The question of the succession ignited a civil war in Brittany which lasted about 25"
"Battle of Formigny The Battle of Formigny, fought on 15 April 1450, was a major battle of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The destruction of England's last army in Normandy in the battle and the decisive French victory paved the way for the capture of the remaining English strongholds in Normandy. The French, under Charles VII, had taken the time offered by the Treaty of Tours in 1444 to reorganize and reinvigorate their armies. The English, without clear leadership from the weak Henry VI, were scattered and dangerously weak. When the French broke the truce in June"
"assumed that Edward would sail for one of the latter; probably Gascony, in order to relieve Aiguillon. To guard against any possibility of an English landing in northern France, Philip IV relied on his powerful navy. This reliance was misplaced given the naval technology of the time and the French were unable to prevent Edward III successfully crossing the Channel. The campaign began on 11 July 1346 when Edward's fleet, the largest assembled by the English to that date, departed the south of England and landed the next day at St. Vaast la Hogue, from Cherbourg. The English army was"
"to end the war in exchange for the Duchy of Aquitaine in full sovereignty. The next attack came in 1345, when the Earl of Derby overran the Agenais (lost twenty years before in the War of Saint-Sardos) and took Angoulême, while the forces in Brittany under Sir Thomas Dagworth also made gains. The French responded in the spring of 1346 with a massive counter-attack against Aquitaine, where an army under John, Duke of Normandy, besieged Derby at Aiguillon. On the advice of Godfrey Harcourt (like Robert III of Artois, a banished French nobleman), Edward sailed for Normandy instead of Aquitaine."
"army was defeated and he was captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross, on 17 October 1346. This greatly reduced the threat from Scotland. In France, Edward proceeded north unopposed and besieged the city of Calais on the English Channel, capturing it in 1347. This became an important strategic asset for the English, allowing them to safely keep troops in northern France. Calais would remain under English control, even after the end of the Hundred Years' War, until the successful French siege in 1558. In 1348, the Black Death, which had just arrived in Paris, began to ravage Europe. In"
"given to Louis. The effect of the treaty was that Louis agreed he had never been the legitimate King of England. Anglo-French War (1213–1214) The Anglo-French War was a war between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England. The war was mainly fought in Normandy, where John, King of England fought King Philip II of France for domination. The end of the war came to an end at the decisive Battle of Bouvines, where Philip defeated England and its allies. Normandy, once a site of conflict between Richard I of England and Philip II of France, grew to"
"up the ship to avoid its capture. In fact, there is no evidence that the explosion was intentional and early literary accounts make no such claims. This version was commemorated by the Breton poet Théodore Botrel. A similar version is portrayed by Alan Simon in the song ""Marie la Cordelière"" from ""Anne de Bretagne"" (2008). In 2018, the French government was searching for the wrecks of the sunken warships Cordelière and Regent. Battle of Saint-Mathieu The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu took place on 10 August 1512 during the War of the League of Cambrai, near Brest, France, between an English"
"his main force during summer 1346. However, the English achieved very little for their efforts. Northern Brittany was Joan of Penthièvre's home region and resistance there was stiff. In the end, Edward decided upon Normandy as the landing spot for his 1346 campaign. Northampton was recalled and Thomas Dagworth was appointed as deputy lieutenant. It was during a tour through the English strongholds on 9 June that Dagworth and his escort were trapped by Charles of Blois and his army near Saint-Pol-de-Léon. They dug in on a hilltop and fought off all attacks until nightfall when Charles was forced to"
"Battle of St. James The Battle of St. James was fought on 6 March 1426 between England and France, during the latter half of the Hundred Years' War. The battle was fought at Avranches, on the border of Normandy and Brittany, with the English led by Sir Thomas Rempston, while the French were led by Arthur de Richemont, the Constable of France. The English were victorious. Jean, Duke of Brittany, had turned coat and switched his allegiance to Charles the dauphin. In January 1426 Sir Thomas Rempston invaded the duchy in retaliation, and with his miniature army reached the capital,"
"Battle of Saintes The Battle of Saintes was fought on 1 April 1351 during the Hundred Years' War between French and English forces. The French were besieging the town of Saint-Jean-d'Angély when an English relief force arrived. The English force was victorious, however was not able to force the end of the siege of Saint-Jean-d'Angély. Saint-Jean-d'Angély fell to the French on 31 August. Upon the accession of King John II of France in August 1350, John II ignored his father’s King Philip VI's recent extension to the Truce of Calais, prepared to raise an army for a campaign against the"
"of England, Spain, Saxony, and Brandenburg. After two years of fighting Charles V, and Henry VIII invaded France. In September 1544, English forces captured Boulogne. France failed to re-capture the city by force. Peace talks between England and France were unsuccessful, partly because Henry VIII refused to return Boulogne. As a result, Francis I decided to invade England, hoping that Henry VIII would return Boulogne in return for his leaving England. Thirty thousand French troops and a fleet of some 400 vessels were assembled, and sailed from Le Havre on 16 July. On 18 July, French and English ships engaged"
"in northern Normandy in July 1346. His army then undertook a devastating chevauchée through Normandy, including the capture and sack of Caen. On 26 August the French army of Philip VI was defeated with heavy loss at the Battle of Crécy. Edward III needed a defensible port where his army could regroup and be resupplied from the sea. The Channel port of Calais suited this purpose. Calais was highly defensible: it boasted a double moat; substantial city walls; and its citadel in the north-west corner had its own moat and additional fortifications. It would provide a secure entrepôt into France"
"Battle of Winchelsea The Battle of Winchelsea or the Battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer (""the Spaniards on the Sea""), was a naval battle that took place on 29 August 1350 and was a victory for an English fleet of 50 ships commanded by King Edward III over a Castilian fleet of 47 larger vessels commanded by Charles de La Cerda. Between 14 and 26 Castilian ships were captured, and several were sunk. Only two English vessels were sunk but there was significant loss of life. The battle was part of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. English"
"at the famous Battle of Crécy. The much larger French army made a series of piecemeal attacks against the expert English and Welsh longbowmen, and all of the attacks were dispersed with heavy losses until the French were forced to retreat. Crécy was a crushing defeat for the French. Edward proceeded north unopposed and besieged the coastal city of Calais on the English Channel, capturing it in 1347. An English victory against Scotland in the Battle of Neville's Cross led to the capture of David II and greatly reduced the threat from Scotland. In 1348, the Black Death began to"
"part with Walter de Mauny in the defence of the English fortress at Aiguillon, and was Captain and Warden of St Sauveur. On 10 May 1346 he was granted an annuity of £40 for the duration of the wars in France, to be paid from the revenues of St Neots Priory. He was with the King in the campaign which began with the landing of English forces at La Hogue in the Cotentin on 12 July 1346, and culminated with the English victory at the Battle of Crecy on 26 August 1346. With his retinue of six knights, eleven esquires"
"began in 1740 and eventually the British and the French forces in India were caught up in the conflict. There were numerous naval battles between the two navies along the Coromandel coast. The French led by La Bourdonnais attacked the poorly defended Fort St. George in Madras in 1746 and occupied it. Robert Clive was one of the prisoners of war from this battle. The war in Europe ended in 1748 and with the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle Madras was restored to the British. The conflict between the British and the French continued, this time in political rather than military terms."
"In 1189, Richard the Lionheart is documented to have landed at Calais on his journey to the Third Crusade. English wool trade interests and King Edward III's claims to be heir to the Kingdom of France led to the Battle of Crécy between England and France in 1346, followed by Edward's siege and capture of Calais in 1347. Angered, the English king demanded reprisals against the town's citizens for holding out for so long (""obstinate defense"") and ordered that the town's population be killed ""en masse"". He agreed, however, to spare them, on condition that six of the principal citizens"
"cousin in the male line, acceded instead. At first, Edward seemed to accept the Valois succession to the crown, but he pressed his claim to the throne of France after a series of disagreements with Philip. The result was the beginning of the Hundred Years' War in 1337. After initial successes at sea, Philip's navy was annihilated at the Battle of Sluys in 1340, ensuring that the war would occur on the continent. The English took another decisive advantage at the Battle of Crécy (1346), while the Black Death struck France, further destabilizing the country. In 1349, Philip VI bought"
"where in 1346 the English successfully repelled a Scottish invasion force. Knowing that the English army was in France David II of Scotland invaded England. After pillaging much of Northern England the Scots were met at Neville's Cross by an army of Lancastrians, Yorkshiremen and Cumbrians led by the Archbishop of York. The Scots were defeated by the smaller English army and David II was captured. To commemorate the event a cross was erected on the edge of the battlefield by Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby, thus establishing the name for the area used today. Neville's Cross Neville's"
"The French 1346 campaign in the south ended having accomplished nothing. In September Edward III laid siege to Calais. As Artois became the main theatre of the war, relations between the Duke and King Philip VI plummeted. The Duke governed Artois on behalf of his wife, but the royal government increasingly disregarded local officials and even began making its own appointments. In December 1346 Philip suspended the Duke’s government altogether. He was present at the coronation of Pope Clement VI at Avignon 19 May 1342. Perhaps his greatest legacy is seen in the subsequent Burgundian court of the Valois dukes,"
"and various prominent French noblemen of the Armagnac party. This battle is notable for the use of the English longbow in very large numbers, with the English and Welsh archers making up nearly 80 percent of Henry's army. The devastation of the French cavalry at their hands signaled the decline of cavalry and the increasing dominance of ranged weapons on the battlefield. Agincourt is one of England's most celebrated victories and was one of the most important English triumphs in the Hundred Years' War, along with the Battle of Crécy (1346) and Battle of Poitiers (1356). It forms the centrepiece"
"with sharpened weapons. Among Bambro's knights were two famous men-at-arms, Robert Knolles and Hugh Calveley, but he could not find thirty Englishmen so had to make up the numbers with German men-at-arms. The battle raged all day and ended with a French victory. In keeping with chivalric tradition, the French ransomed many of the defeated English. The Black Death had reached England in 1348. The widespread effects of the plague had effectively put the war on hold. However, by the mid 1350s the disease had receded sufficiently to allow the country to start rebuilding its finances. So in 1355 Edward's"
"Battle of Roche-au-Moine The Battle of Roche-au-Moine was a battle between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England in 1214. When John besieged the castle, he retreated after he was refused support from Angevin nobles. In 1214 John began his final campaign to reclaim Normandy from Philip. John was optimistic, as he had successfully built up alliances with the Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders; he was enjoying papal favour; and he had successfully built up substantial funds to pay for the deployment of his experienced army. Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in"