Gibbons and orang-utans are types of which creature?
"to ease the readers' understanding. A list of features Tyson found were more similar between the pygmy and the ape and monkey, and less similar to a human. Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris: or, the Anatomy of a Pygmie Compared with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man (1699) is a book by the British scientist Edward Tyson. Regarded as a seminal work on anatomy, this volume led to Tyson being known as the father of comparative anatomy. The book characterizes in detail the anatomy of a creature described as a ""pygmy"" (later known as"
"Gibbon Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family historically contained one genus, but now is split into four genera and 18 species. Gibbons occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from eastern Bangladesh and northeast India to southern China and Indonesia (including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java). Also called the smaller apes or lesser apes, gibbons differ from great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and humans) in being smaller, exhibiting low sexual dimorphism, and not making nests. In certain anatomical details, they superficially more closely resemble monkeys than great apes do, but like all apes, gibbons are"
"Gibbon–human last common ancestor The gibbon–human last common ancestor (GHLCA, GLCA, or G/H LCA) is the last species that the families Hominidae and Hylobatidae (i.e. the orangutan–gorilla–chimpanzee–human last common ancestor on one hand and gibbons on the other) share as a common ancestor. It is estimated to have lived (T) during the early Miocene. According to Mark Grabowski, lead author of a study reported in ""Nature Communications"", the species, which has not been identified, was smaller than previously thought. The study reports that the last common ancestor of humans and all living apes was about the size of a gibbon."
"Gibbon–human last common ancestor The gibbon–human last common ancestor (GHLCA, GLCA, or G/H LCA) is the last species that the families Hominidae and Hylobatidae (i.e. the orangutan–gorilla–chimpanzee–human last common ancestor on one hand and gibbons on the other) share as a common ancestor. It is estimated to have lived (T) during the early Miocene. According to Mark Grabowski, lead author of a study reported in ""Nature Communications"", the species, which has not been identified, was smaller than previously thought. The study reports that the last common ancestor of humans and all living apes was about the size of a gibbon."
"orangutans. The largest known primate, ""Gigantopithecus"", was also a member of Ponginae and lived in China, India and Vietnam from 5 mya to 100,000 years ago. Within apes (superfamily Hominoidea), the gibbons diverged during the early Miocene (between 19.7 and 24.1 mya, according to molecular evidence) and the orangutans split from the African great ape lineage between 15.7 and 19.3 mya. The orangutan was first described scientifically in 1760 in the ""Systema Naturae"" of Linnaeus as ""Simia satyrus"". The populations on the two islands were classified as separate species when ""P. abelii"" was described by Lesson in 1827. Later ""P."
"orangutans in the subfamily Ponginae (see classification graphic below). The most recent common ancestor of all Hominidae lived roughly 14 million years ago, when the ancestors of the orangutans speciated from the ancestral line of the other three genera. Those ancestors of the family Hominidae had already speciated from the family Hylobatidae (the gibbons), perhaps 15 million to 20 million years ago. In the early Miocene, about 22 million years ago, there were many species of arboreally adapted primitive catarrhines from East Africa; the variety suggests a long history of prior diversification. Fossils at 20 million years ago include fragments"
"are currently four different species of gibbon living here including siamangs, white-cheeked gibbons, pileated gibbons, and agile gibbons Life in the Trees houses orangutans. In 2014, a termite mound was built in the orangutan enclosure which is used as enrichment, as the holes in the mound can be filled with various different items for the orangutans to extract using tools that they prepare from branches and twigs. This zone is also home to a number of other animals including otters and parrots. In 2014, the Explorer Zone underwent refurbishment and expansion and now includes a brand new adventure playground, gift"
"Orangutan The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia. Orangutans are currently only found in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutans were originally considered to be one species. From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (""P. pygmaeus"", with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (""P. abelii""). In November 2017 it was reported that a third species had been identified, the Tapanuli orangutan (""P. tapanuliensis""). Genomic comparisons show that the Tapanuli orangutan separated from the Sumatran orangutan about 3.4"
"Gibbons are apes in the family of the Hylobatidae. The gibbon family contains four genera. Today gibbons occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from northeast India to Indonesia and north to southern China, but their range extended considerably north of their current habitat during the times of medieval China. Gibbons are predominantly arboreal, with a specialized ball-and-socket wrist structure. They are also known for their extensive vocalizations. Macaques constitute a genus, ""Macaca"", of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. Along with the gibbons, they were also well known in medieval China. Macaques are also known to vocalize. Humans are"
"circa 26 to 24 Ma, and that by the early Miocene, the adaptive radiation of many different hominoid forms was well underway. Evidence from the molecular dating of genetic differences indicates that the gibbon lineage (family Hylobatidae) diverged between 18 and 12 Ma, and the orangutan lineage (subfamily Ponginae) diverged about 12 Ma. While there is no fossil evidence thus far clearly documenting the early ancestry of gibbons, fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by ""Sivapithecus"" from India and ""Griphopithecus"" from Turkey, dated to around 10 Ma. Molecular evidence further suggests that between 8 and 4 Ma, first the gorillas, and"
"million years; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by ""Sivapithecus"" from India and ""Griphopithecus"" from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago. Species close to the last common ancestor of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans may be represented by ""Nakalipithecus"" fossils found in Kenya and ""Ouranopithecus"" found in Greece. Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees (genus ""Pan"") split off from the line leading to the"
"The gibbons (family Hylobatidae) and orangutans (genus ""Pongo"") were the first groups to split from the line leading to the humans, then gorillas (genus ""Gorilla"") followed by the chimpanzees (genus ""Pan""). The splitting date between human and chimpanzee lineages is placed around 4–8 million years ago during the late Miocene epoch. During this split, chromosome 2 was formed from two other chromosomes, leaving humans with only 23 pairs of chromosomes, compared to 24 for the other apes. There is little fossil evidence for the divergence of the gorilla, chimpanzee and hominin lineages. The earliest fossils that have been proposed as"
"of the early and middle Miocene. The most recent of these far-flung Miocene apes (hominoids) is ""Oreopithecus"", from the fossil-rich coal beds in northern Italy and dated to 9 million years ago. Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons (family Hylobatidae), the lesser apes, diverged from that of the great apes some 18–12 million years ago, and that of orangutans (subfamily Ponginae) diverged from the other great apes at about 12 million years. There are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a still-unknown South East Asian hominoid population; but fossil proto-orangutans,"
"sylvestris - under this species, it is nevertheless not clear to which animal this name refers, as Linnaeus had no specimen to refer to, hence no precise description. Linnaeus may have based ""Homo Troglodytes"" on reports of mythical creatures, then-unidentified simians, or Asian natives dressed in animal skins. Linnaeus named the orangutan ""Simia satyrus"" (""satyr monkey""). He placed the three genera ""Homo"", ""Simia"" and ""Lemur"" in the order of Primates. The ""troglodytes"" name was used for the chimpanzee by Blumenbach in 1775, but moved to the genus ""Simia"". The orangutan was moved to the genus ""Pongo"" in 1799 by Lacépède."
"Project. Conservation organisations such as Orangutan Land Trust work with the palm oil industry to improve sustainability and encourages the industry to establish conservation areas for orangutans. It works to bring different stakeholders together to achieve conservation of the species and its habitat. Orangutan The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia. Orangutans are currently only found in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutans were originally considered to be one species. From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan"
"between orangutan ancestors and the common ancestors of chimpanzees, gorillas and humans. Meanwhile, more complete specimens of ""Ramapithecus"" were found in 1975 and 1976, which showed that it was less human-like than had been thought. It began to look more and more like ""Sivapithecus"", meaning that the older name must take priority. It is also possible that fossils assigned to ""Ramapithecus"" belonged to the female form of ""Sivapithecus"". They were definitely members of the same genus. It is also likely that they were already separate from the common ancestor of chimps, gorillas and humans, which may be represented by the"
"million years ago. The Tapanuli orangutan separated from the Bornean orangutan much later, about 670,000 years ago. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae, which also included several other species, such as the three extinct species of the genus ""Gigantopithecus"", including the largest known primate, ""Gigantopithecus blacki"". The ancestors of the Ponginae split from the main ape line in Africa 16 to 19 million years ago (Mya) and spread into Asia. Orangutans are the most arboreal of the great apes and spend most of their time in trees. Their hair is reddish-brown, instead of the brown"
"pygmaeus"" is not Latin unlike most other Linnean classifications. The genus name ""Pongo"" is derived from the Bantu word ""mpongo"" used to indicate a large primate. It was originally used to describe chimpanzees in Western African dialects. The species name ""pygmaeus"" is derived from the Greek word ""pygmy"" meaning dwarf. The Bornean orangutan is the third-heaviest living primate after the two species of gorilla, and the largest truly arboreal (or tree-dwelling) animal alive today. Body weights broadly overlap with the considerably taller ""Homo sapiens"", but the latter is considerably more variable in size. By comparison, the Sumatran orangutan is similar"
"of gibbons suffer bone fractures one or more times during their lifetimes. They are the fastest and most agile of all tree-dwelling, nonflying mammals. Gibbons' diets are about 60% fruit-based, but they also consume twigs, leaves, insects, flowers, and occasionally bird eggs. Most species are endangered, primarily due to degradation or loss of their forest habitats. On the island of Phuket in Thailand, a volunteer-based Gibbon Rehabilitation Center rescues gibbons that were kept in captivity, and are being released back into the wild. Kalaweit Project also has gibbon rehab centers on Borneo and Sumatra. The IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate"
"Their feet have four long toes and an opposable big toe. Orangutans can grasp things with both their hands and their feet. Their fingers and toes are curved, allowing them to get a better grip on branches. Since their hip joints have the same flexibility as their shoulder and arm joints, orangutans have less restriction in the movements of their legs than humans have. Unlike gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans are not true knuckle-walkers, and are instead fist-walkers. Orangutans live in primary and old secondary forests, particularly dipterocarp forests and peat swamp forests. Both species can be found in mountainous and"
"dynasty, when Yì Yuánjí and Mùqī Fǎcháng excelled in painting these apes. From Chinese cultural influence, the Zen motif of the ""gibbon grasping at the reflection of the moon in the water"" became popular in Japanese art, as well, though gibbons have never occurred naturally in Japan. Gibbon Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family historically contained one genus, but now is split into four genera and 18 species. Gibbons occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from eastern Bangladesh and northeast India to southern China and Indonesia (including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java). Also called the"
"Lar gibbon The lar gibbon (""Hylobates lar""), also known as the white-handed gibbon, is an endangered primate in the gibbon family, Hylobatidae. It is one of the better-known gibbons and is often seen in zoos. There are five subspecies of lar gibbon: The fur coloring of the lar gibbon varies from black and dark-brown to light-brown, sandy colors. The hands and feet are white-colored, likewise a ring of white hair surrounds the black face. Both males and females can be all color variants, and the sexes also hardly differ in size. Gibbons are true brachiators, propelling themselves through the forest"
"In ancient books, the orangutan was described as similar to a pig, dog or monkey. But now it is recorded that the animal looks like a baboon. It looks like a naked bare-foot woman with long hair hanging from the head. They do not seem to have knees, and they travel in a group. When they encounter human beings, they cover their bodies with their hands. People say this is a kind of savage human. According to what Luo Yuan said, it seems such a creature is actually a Yenü (meaning ""wild girl"") or Yepo (meaning ""wild woman""). Are they"
"Speech"", he determined that the honeybee communication system of the waggle dance holds the following design features: Gibbons are small apes in the family Hylobatidae. While they share the same kingdom, phylum, class, and order of humans and are relatively close to man, Hockett distinguishes between the gibbon communication system and human language by noting that gibbons are devoid of the last four design features. Gibbons possess the first nine design features, but do not possess the last four (displacement, productivity, traditional transmission, and duality of patterning). In a report published in 1968 with anthropologist and scientist Stuart A. Altmann,"
"Hybrid orangutan A hybrid orangutan or cocktail orangutan is a usually captive-born orangutan derived from interbreeding between Bornean (""Pongo pygmaeus"") and Sumatran (""Pongo abelii"") orangutans. The topic of orangutan speciation was poorly understood until the 1980s, when genetics revealed that orangutans actually comprise these two genetically distinct species. Before this was known, orangutans from differing species were paired in captivity, and in some cases produced hybrid offspring. Subsequently, the government of Indonesia and the organization that oversees zoo programs in the United States suggested to stop interbreeding of Sumatran and Bornean orangutans and called for disallowing hybrids to reproduce. From"
"Bonnie (orangutan) Bonnie (born 1976, Rio Grande Zoo) is a hybrid female Sumatran/Bornean orangutan living at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., since 1980. She began spontaneously whistling, mimicking an animal caretaker making the sound. The importance is that whistling is a sound that is in a human’s—but not an orangutan’s—repertoire. While some ""lower primates"" have been shown to make non-standard sounds for their species, it has always been the result of intense training, whereas Bonnie just picked up the new sound mechanism. Another interesting aspect is that she seems to whistle just because she likes the sound as opposed"
"Hominidae The Hominidae (), whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: ""Pongo"", the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; ""Gorilla"", the eastern and western gorilla; ""Pan"", the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and ""Homo"", which includes modern humans and its extinct relatives (e.g., the Neanderthal), and ancestors, such as ""Homo erectus"". Several revisions in classifying the great apes have caused the use of the term """"hominid"""" to vary over time. Its original meaning referred only to humans (""Homo"") and their closest extinct relatives. That restrictive"
"to producing this behavior in response to a potential food reward. Bonnie's whistling was documented in ""Primates"" by Dr. Serge Wich et al. Bonnie (orangutan) Bonnie (born 1976, Rio Grande Zoo) is a hybrid female Sumatran/Bornean orangutan living at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., since 1980. She began spontaneously whistling, mimicking an animal caretaker making the sound. The importance is that whistling is a sound that is in a human’s—but not an orangutan’s—repertoire. While some ""lower primates"" have been shown to make non-standard sounds for their species, it has always been the result of intense training, whereas Bonnie just"
"Gibson's albatross Gibson's albatross (""Diomedea antipodensis gibsoni""), also known as the Auckland Islands wandering albatross or Gibson's wandering albatross, is a large seabird in the great albatross group of the albatross family. The common name and trinomial commemorate John Douglas Gibson, an Australian amateur ornithologist who studied albatrosses off the coast of New South Wales for thirty years. To authorities who accept the split of the Antipodean albatross from the wandering albatross, Gibson's is a subspecies of the Antipodean. To authorities not accepting the split, Gibson's is a subspecies of the Wandering. It is also sometimes considered a full species,"
"and the Mediterranean basin during the relatively warm and equable climatic regimes of the early and middle Miocene. The youngest of the Miocene hominoids, ""Oreopithecus"", is from coal beds in Italy that have been dated to 9 million years ago. Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons (family Hylobatidae) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans (subfamily Ponginae) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but"
"Myanmar. The gibbon has been found in tropical environments that experience monsoon rains and have cool, dry winters as well as lowland tropical environments. The gibbon is an omnivorous animal with fruits making up the majority of its diet at about 65% with 60% of the fruits being figs. They will also consume lichen, invertebrates, bird eggs, plant parts (buds, shoots, leaves), insects, and flowers. The majority of what they will eat depends on their location and the density of the available resources, but fruits always show to be the most dominant food type this species prefers. Gibbon groups sleep"
"to the load arm) and reduce the muscle force when the foot contacts the ground. Gibbons (of the genus Hylobates) are low-speed obligate bipeds when on the ground but travel quadrupedally in other contexts. Because they usually move through trees, their anatomy has become specialized for vertical clinging and leaping, which uses hip and knee joint extensions that are similar to those used in bipedal motion. They also use three back muscles (the multifidus, longissimus thoracis, and iliocostalis lumborum) that are key to bipedal motion in chimpanzees as well as humans. This anatomy necessitates that they move bipedally on the"
"tailless. Unlike most of the great apes, gibbons frequently form long-term pair bonds. Their primary mode of locomotion, brachiation, involves swinging from branch to branch for distances up to , at speeds as high as . They can also make leaps up to , and walk bipedally with their arms raised for balance. They are the fastest and most agile of all tree-dwelling, nonflying mammals. Depending on species and sex, gibbons' fur coloration varies from dark to light brown shades, and any shade between black and white, though a completely ""white"" gibbon is rare. Gibbon species include the siamang, the"