The filbert is an alternative name for which nut?
"Nut (fruit) A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible. In general usage, a wide variety of dried seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context ""nut"" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent). The translation of ""nut"" in certain languages frequently requires paraphrases, as the word is ambiguous. Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, unlike nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. The general and original"
"is similar to the related common hazel, ""C. avellana"", differing in having the nut more fully enclosed by the tubular involucre. This feature is shared by the beaked hazel ""C. cornuta"" of North America, and the Asian beaked hazel ""C. sieboldiana"" of eastern Asia. The filbert nut is edible, and is very similar to the hazelnut (cobnut). Its main use in the United States is as large filler (along with peanuts as small filler) in most containers of mixed nuts. Filberts are sometimes grown in orchards for the nuts, but much less often than the common hazel. The purple-leaved cultivar"
"the closely related filbert (""Corylus maxima"") by the short involucre; in the filbert the nut is fully enclosed by a beak-like involucre longer than the nut. The scientific name ""avellana"" derives from the town of Avella in Italy, and was selected by Linnaeus from Leonhart Fuchs's ""De historia stirpium commentarii insignes"" (1542), where the species was described as """"Avellana nux sylvestris"""" (""wild nut of Avella""). That name was taken in turn from Pliny the Elder's first century A.D. encyclopedia Naturalis Historia. The leaves provide food for many animals, including Lepidoptera such as the case-bearer moth, ""Coleophora anatipennella"". Caterpillars of the"
"""Corylus maxima"" 'Purpurea' is a popular ornamental shrub in gardens. In Oregon, ""filbert"" is used for commercial hazelnuts in general. Use in this manner has faded partly due to the efforts of Oregon's hazelnut growers to brand their product to better appeal to global markets and avoid confusion. The etymology for 'filbert' is Norman French. Saint Philibert's feast day is 20 August (old style) and the plant was possibly renamed after him because the nuts were mature on this day. Corylus maxima Corylus maxima, the filbert, is a species of hazel native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from the"
"its nuts, followed in importance by the filbert. Nuts are also harvested from the other species, but apart from the filbert, none is of significant commercial importance. A number of cultivars of the common hazel and filbert are grown as ornamental plants in gardens, including forms with contorted stems (""C. avellana"" 'Contorta', popularly known as ""Harry Lauder's walking stick"" from its gnarled appearance); with weeping branches (""C. avellana"" 'Pendula'); and with purple leaves (""C. maxima"" 'Purpurea'). Hazel is a traditional material used for making wattle, withy fencing, baskets, and the frames of coracle boats. The tree can be coppiced, and"
"""Jamaica"""". The 1797 Edition of the ""Encyclopædia Britannica"" said that they were used only for ""the making of snuff-boxes out of them""; however, there is a long tradition of using them as amulets for good luck, banishment of ill luck or to ease childbirth. Nickernut Nickernuts or nickar nuts are smooth, shiny seeds from tropical leguminous shrubs, particularly ""Guilandina bonduc"" and ""Guilandina major"", both known by the common name warri tree. ""C. bonduc"" produces gray nickernuts, and ""C. major"" produces yellow. Accordingly, these species are locally known in the Caribbean as ""grey nickers"" and ""yellow nickers"". The word ""nicker"" probably"
"Corylus maxima Corylus maxima, the filbert, is a species of hazel native to southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, from the Balkans to Ordu in Turkey. It is a deciduous shrub tall, with stems up to thick. The leaves are rounded, long by broad, with a coarsely double-serrated margin. The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins produced in late winter; the male (pollen) catkins are pale yellow, long, while the female catkins are bright red and only long. The fruit is a nut produced in clusters of 1–5 together; each nut is long, fully enclosed in a long, tubular involucre (husk). The filbert"
"such as hybrid hazelnuts and woody biomass. The goal of this project is to accelerate commercial development of the hybrid hazelnut as a profitable, environmentally friendly food and bioenergy crop for producers in Nebraska and the central United States. Commercially available hazelnuts, or filberts, are currently produced only in Oregon from the European hazelnut. This plant is not productive elsewhere in the U.S. due to disease susceptibility and lack of cold hardiness. After nearly a century of breeding, cold-hardy, disease-resistant hybrids that produce commercial quantities of high-quality nuts in Nebraska are now available. A consortium of the Nebraska Forest Service"
"for example, by some plant families of the order Fagales. A small nut may be called a ""nutlet"". In botany, this term specifically refers to a pyrena or pyrene, which is a seed covered by a stony layer, such as the kernel of a drupe. Walnuts and hickories (Juglandaceae) have fruits that are difficult to classify. They are considered to be nuts under some definitions, but are also referred to as drupaceous nuts. ""Tryma"" is a specialized term for hickory fruits. In common use, a ""tree nut"" is, as the name implies, any nut coming from a tree. This most"
"Nickernut Nickernuts or nickar nuts are smooth, shiny seeds from tropical leguminous shrubs, particularly ""Guilandina bonduc"" and ""Guilandina major"", both known by the common name warri tree. ""C. bonduc"" produces gray nickernuts, and ""C. major"" produces yellow. Accordingly, these species are locally known in the Caribbean as ""grey nickers"" and ""yellow nickers"". The word ""nicker"" probably derives from the Dutch word ""knikker"", meaning clay marble. In the Caribbean, nickernuts are used to play mancala games such as oware. The nickernut is marble-like and good for other uses, such as for jewellery; it is also sometimes ground up to make a"
"a nut containing a single seed. The genus ""Pimelea"" was first formally described in 1788 by Joseph Gaertner from unpublished descriptions by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. The first species Gaertner described was ""Pimelea laevigata"", now known as ""Pimelea prostrata"". The name ""Pimelea"" is from the Ancient Greek word ""pimele"" meaning ""fat or ""lard"", possibly referring to the oily seeds or fleshy cotyledons of riceflowers. Some species, including ""P. curviflora"", ""P. flava"", ""P. glauca"", ""P. linifolia"", ""P. microcephala"", ""P. neo-anglica"", ""P. pauciflora"", ""P. simplex"" and ""P. trichostachya"" are known to be toxic to stock. About 150 species of ""Pimelea"" have"
"Nutmeg (moth) The nutmeg (""Anarta trifolii"" or ""Hadula trifolii""), also known as the clover cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the west Palearctic (western Europe, Tunisia, Iran), Niger, and Quebec in North America. In the north of its European range it is a summer migrant, not being able to survive the cold winters. This is a small to medium (wingspan 33–39 mm) species with cryptically coloured forewings, varying from light to dark brown, sometimes with a reddish tinge. The most characteristic feature is a distinctively ""W""-shaped, white subterminal line. This feature is seen on"
"plums to produce a variety that was more drought-tolerant and hardier in upland orchards, than in lowlands such as the Santa Clara Valley, then the prune growing center of California. Gillet's last and most enduring plant introduction was in 1885, when he sold a large quantity of filbert (hazelnut) stock to orchardists in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Although filberts had been grown in Oregon since the 1850s, Gillet's imported ""Barcelona"" and ""DuChilly"" varieties proved to be superior. The ""Barcelona"" variety remains the most widely planted in Oregon, which today produces 98 percent of the filbert crop in the United States. Ironically,"
"caused by the fungus ""Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum"". This has led to its being planted as a replacement for butternuts in North America. The two species hybridise readily; the resulting hybrid ""Juglans x bixbyi"" (otherwise known as ""J. cinerea x ailantifolia"" or 'buartnut') is also resistant to canker and is likewise planted as a replacement for butternuts. Japanese walnut is distinguished from butternut by its larger leaves and round (not oval) nuts. Prospect Rock Permaculture in Vermont has been backcrossing buartnuts with native butternuts, resulting in 'butterbuarts', which will most likely bear greater resemblance to the butternut parentage, although may also be"
"round, in diameter; the seed shell has white, oily, and fleshy kernel that contains a thin embryo surrounded by an endosperm. Its kernel serves as the source of oil, and is covered with a thin layer of secondary seed coat. The nut is often used cooked in Indonesian and Malaysian cuisine, where it is called ""kemiri"" in Indonesian or ""buah keras"" in Malay. On the island of Java in Indonesia, it is used to make a thick sauce that is eaten with vegetables and rice. In the Philippines, the fruit and tree are traditionally known as ""lumbang"" after which Lumban,"
"are often confused with drupes but are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an involucre and thus not morphologically part of the carpel; this means it cannot be a drupe but is instead a drupe-like nut. These odd nuts fall into two different types: in the walnut genus (Juglans), it is a pseudodrupe and in the hickory genus (Carya), it is a tryma. Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a family, known as the walnut family, of trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Various members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and"
"turkey, woodpeckers, pheasants and other animals. The male catkins are a food staple of ruffed grouse throughout the winter. The nuts are edible, although smaller than the more commonly cultivated filberts (""Corylus maxima"", ""Corylus colurna"", ""Corylus avellana"", and hybrids thereof). Native Americans used ""Corylus americana"" for medicinal purposes. ""Corylus americana"" is cultivated as an ornamental plant for native plant gardens, and in wildlife gardens to attract and keep fauna in an area. There are cultivated hybrids of ""Corylus americana"" with ""Corylus avellana"" which aim to combine the larger nuts of the latter with the former's resistance to a North American"
"Aleurites moluccanus Aleurites moluccanus (or ""moluccana""), the candlenut, is a flowering tree in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, also known as candleberry, Indian walnut, kemiri, varnish tree, nuez de la India, buah keras, or kukui nut tree, and Kekuna tree. Its native range is impossible to establish precisely because of early spread by humans, and the tree is now distributed throughout the New and Old World tropics. It grows to a height of , with wide spreading or pendulous branches. The leaves are pale green, simple, and ovate, or trilobed or rarely five-lobed, with an acute apex, long. The nut is"
"nut oils. One hybrid, ""C."" x ""demareei"" Palmer (""C. glabra"" x ""cordiformis"") was described in 1937 from northeastern Arkansas. Carya glabra Carya glabra, the pignut hickory, is a common, but not abundant species of hickory in the oak-hickory forest association in the Eastern United States and Canada. Other common names are pignut, sweet pignut, coast pignut hickory, smoothbark hickory, swamp hickory, and broom hickory. The pear-shaped nut ripens in September and October and is an important part of the diet of many wild animals. The wood is used for a variety of products, including fuel for home heating. The range"
"of alates), ants and small caterpillars. In Kerala, the fruiting trees were limited mainly to ""Ficus"" species, especially ""Ficus retusa"", ""Ficus gibbosa"" and ""Ficus tsiela"". When feeding on small fruits, they tend to perch and peck rather than to swallow the fruit whole. In the non-breeding season, they join mixed-species foraging flocks. Malabar barbet The Malabar barbet (""Psilopogon malabaricus"") is a small barbet found in the Western Ghats of India. It was formerly treated as a race of the crimson-fronted barbet (""Psilopogon rubricapillus""). It overlaps in some places with the range of the coppersmith barbet (""Psilopogon haemacephala"") and has a"
"distinguished by the larger leaves up to 90 cm long, and round (not oval) nuts. The variety ""cordiformis"", often called the heartnut has heart-shaped nuts; the common name of this variety is the source of the sectional name Cardiocaryon. The butternut (""J. cinerea"") is also native to eastern North America, where it is currently endangered by an introduced disease, butternut canker, caused by the fungus ""Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum"". Its leaves are 40–60 cm long, the fruits are oval, the shell has very tall, very slender ridges, and the kernel is especially high in fat. A study of sequenced nuclear DNA from"
"process as ""Plectania nigrella"" was already in use (it is a synonym of ""Pseudoplectania nigrella""). The name chosen by Korf honors the Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, responsible for some early advances in the understanding of this fungus and other cup fungi. ""P. nannfeldtii"" is classified in Korf's section ""Plectania"" of the genus ""Plectania"" because of its ellipsoid ascospores. Vernacular names for the species include the ""black felt cup"", ""Nannfeldt's Plectania"", or the ""black snowbank cup fungus"". The fruit body of ""Plectania nannfeldtii"" is shallowly cup- or goblet-shaped and may be up to in diameter. The edges of the cup"
"brewers' guides, the use of such preparations was outlawed in England, during the mid-19th century, with fines of £500 for sale and £200 for use of the drug. The wood of the plant is used for fuel and carving. The English common names are Indian berry, fishberry, or Levant nut (both referring to the dried fruit, and to the plant by synecdoche) and coca de Levante in Spanish; it is variously known as ligtang, aria (Mindanao), bayati (Tagalog), and variations thereof throughout its natural distribution (the Philippines, East India, Malaysia, and New Guinea). The name ""fishberry"" comes from the use"
"Carya glabra Carya glabra, the pignut hickory, is a common, but not abundant species of hickory in the oak-hickory forest association in the Eastern United States and Canada. Other common names are pignut, sweet pignut, coast pignut hickory, smoothbark hickory, swamp hickory, and broom hickory. The pear-shaped nut ripens in September and October and is an important part of the diet of many wild animals. The wood is used for a variety of products, including fuel for home heating. The range of pignut hickory covers nearly all of the eastern United States (11). The species grows in central Florida and"
"(""Aesculus"" species, especially ""Aesculus hippocastanum""), is called a ""conker"" in the British Isles. Conkers are inedible because they contain toxic glucoside aesculin. They are used in a popular children's game, known as ""conkers"", where the nuts are threaded onto a strong cord and then each contestant attempts to break their opponent's conker by hitting it with their own. Horse chestnuts are also popular slingshot ammunition. Albala, Ken 2014. ""Nuts A Global History"". The Edible Series. Nut (fruit) A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible. In general usage, a wide"
"or undercooked, the flukes can infect pigs, humans, and other animals. Bicornin is an ellagitannin found in ""T. bicornis"". Water caltrop The water caltrop is any of three extant species of the genus ""Trapa"": ""Trapa natans"", ""Trapa bicornis"" and the endangered ""Trapa rossica"". It is also known as buffalo nut, bat nut, devil pod, ling nut, lin kok, ling kio nut, mustache nut or singhada. The species are floating annual aquatic plants, growing in slow-moving water up to 5 m deep, native to warm temperate parts of Eurasia and Africa. They bear ornately shaped fruits, which in the case of"
"the American Revolution, a butternut extract made from the inner bark of the tree was used in an attempt to prevent smallpox, and to treat dysentery and other stomach and intestinal discomfort. Crushed fruits can be used to poison fish, though the practice is illegal in most jurisdictions. Bruised fruit husks of the closely related black walnut can be used to stun fish. Juglans cinerea Juglans cinerea, commonly known as butternut or white walnut, is a species of walnut native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada. The distribution range of ""J. cinerea"" extends east to New Brunswick, and"
"(""Juglans""), pecan (""Carya illinoinensis""), and hickory (""Carya""). The Persian walnut, ""Juglans regia"", is one of the major nut crops of the world. Walnut, hickory, and gaulin are also valuable timber trees. The known living genera are grouped into subfamilies, tribes, and subtribes as follows: Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships: Some fruits are borderline and difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (""Carya"") and walnuts (""Juglans"") grow within an outer husk; these fruits are sometimes considered to be drupes or drupaceous nuts, rather than true botanical nuts. ""Tryma"" is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes. The fruits of the Juglandaceae"
"inflata"" by the German polymath Jacob Christian Schäffer. It acquired its current name in 1815 by virtue of its publication in Elias Magnus Fries's ""Observationes Mycologicae"". The specific epithet ""undulata"" means ""wavy"" or ""undulating"". Common names that have been used to refer to the species include ""crust-like cup"", ""pine-fire cushion"", ""doughnut fungus"", and ""pine firefungus"". Fruit bodies, which may be up to wide, are flat, with irregular lobes, and are attached to the growing surface on the entire lower side by numerous whitish to yellowish rhizoids resembling plants roots. The hymenium is dark purple brown to blackish, while the margin"
"of junior synonyms: Almond moth The almond moth or tropical warehouse moth (""Cadra cautella"") is a small, stored-product pest. Almond moths infest flour, bran, oats, and other grains, as well as dried fruits. It belongs to the family of snout moths (Pyralidae), and more specifically to the tribe Phycitini of the huge snout moth subfamily Phycitinae. This species may be confused with the related Indian mealmoth (""Plodia interpunctella"") or the Mediterranean flour moth (""Ephestia kuehniella)"", which are also common pantry pests in the same subfamily. Other common names, particularly in nonbiological literature, are dried currant moth and fig moth, which"
"is attributed by some sources to early settlers having used the young leaves as a substitute for cabbage. However the name probably predates the settlement of New Zealand — Georg Forster, writing in his ""Voyage round the World"" of 1777 about the events of Friday, April 23, 1773, refers on page 114 to the discovery of a related species in Fiordland as ""not the true cabbage palm"" and says ""the central shoot, when quite tender, tastes something like an almond's kernel, with a little of the flavour of cabbage."" Forster may have been referring to the cabbage palmetto (""Sabal palmetto"")"
"and even kill the vines. Telfairia pedata Telfairia pedata, commonly known as oysternut (alternately spelled as 'oyster nut', etc.), queen's nut, Zanzibar oilvine (alternately spelled as 'oil vine', etc.), is a dioecious African liana which can grow up to 30 metres long, having purple-pink fringed flowers, and very large (30–90 cm × 15–25 cm), many-seeded, drooping, ellipsoid berries which can weigh up to 15 kg (though one old source from 1882 claimed up to 60 lbs). It is valuable for having edible fruit, seeds and oil. Propagation is by seed which are black to brown-red, recalcitrant and vary from 1g"
"are hollow. In this way many drifted to the Maldives where they were gathered from the beaches and valued as an important trade and medicinal item. This association is reflected in one of the plant's archaic botanical names, ""Lodoicea callipyge"" Comm. ex J. St.-Hil., in which ""callipyge"" is from Greek words meaning 'beautiful buttocks'. Other botanical names used in the past include ""Lodoicea sechellarum"" Labill. and ""Lodoicea sonneratii"" (Giseke) Baill. Until the true source of the nut was discovered in 1768 by Dufresne, it was believed by many to grow on a mythical tree at the bottom of the sea."