In English law, what name is given to a written statement of fact voluntarily made by a person under oath or affirmation?
"Having done this, the electronically submitted return is considered to have the same legal effect as if the taxpayer had actually and physically signed the return. Jurat (clause) A jurat (through legal French from Latin ', ""sworn"", from ', ""to swear"") is a clause at the foot of an affidavit showing when, where, and before whom the actual oath was sworn or affirmation was made. In English and American law, a jurat is that part of an affidavit which contains the names of the parties swearing the affidavit, the actual statement that an oath or affirmation has been made, the"
"Sworn declaration A sworn declaration (also called a ""sworn statement"" or a ""statement under penalty of perjury"") is a document that recites facts pertinent to a legal proceeding. It is very similar to an affidavit, but unlike an affidavit, it is not witnessed and sealed by an official such as a notary public. Instead, the person making the declaration signs a separate endorsement paragraph at the end of the document, stating that the declaration is made under penalty of perjury. In legal proceedings, generally, facts that rely upon an individual's memory or knowledge are most reliably proven by having the"
"Sworn testimony Sworn testimony is evidence given by a witness who has made a commitment to tell the truth. If the witness is later found to have lied whilst bound by the commitment, they can often be charged with the crime of perjury. The types of commitment can include oaths, affirmations and promises which are explained in more detail below. The exact wording of the commitments vary from country to country. The commitment can come in different forms depending on the situation of the witness. The types of commitment used in the United Kingdom are: ""Oath:"" Affirmation: I solemnly and"
"or on an affidavit - that is, that a person has sworn to or affirmed the truth of information contained in a document, under penalty of perjury, whether that document is a lengthy deposition or a simple statement on an application form. The simplest form of jurat and the oath or affirmation administered by a notary are: In the U.S., notarial acts normally include what is called a venue or caption, that is, an official listing of the place where a notarization occurred, usually in the form of the state and county and with the abbreviation ""ss."" (for Latin ""scilicet"","
"the declaration and any later testimony turn out to be significant. Yet another more practical drawback is the conservative nature of the law. Even if use of a sworn statement is fully authorized, another individual to the transaction—such as a party to a business transaction or another person's attorney—may be unacquainted with the form and refuse to accept it in lieu of a notarized affidavit. Sworn declaration A sworn declaration (also called a ""sworn statement"" or a ""statement under penalty of perjury"") is a document that recites facts pertinent to a legal proceeding. It is very similar to an affidavit,"
"secular courts. In some jurisdictions, an affirmation may be given only if such a reason is provided. A right to give an affirmation has existed in English law since the Quakers Act 1695 (An Act that the Solemne Affirmation & Declaration of the People called Quakers shall be accepted instead of an Oath in the usual Forme; 7 & 8 Will. 3 c. 34) was passed. The text of the affirmation was the following: ""I A.B. do declare in the Presence of Almighty God the Witnesse of the Truth of what I say"". The right to give an affirmation is"
"Declarant A declarant, generally speaking, is anyone who composes and signs a statement or alleging that the information he has given therein is true. This differs from an ""affiant,"" as in the case of an affidavit the facts therein are sworn to before a notary public or other official, whereas a declaration is usually made by one person for the use of another. Uttering a statement or declaration which is proven to be false is a crime in many jurisdictions, though usually a separate offence from perjury. The word declarant, when discussing the hearsay rule and its exceptions, refers to"
"Oath Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise with wording relating to something considered sacred as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who conscientiously object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation instead. Nowadays, even when there is no notion of sanctity involved, certain promises said out loud in ceremonial or juridical purpose are referred to as oaths. ""To swear"" is a verb used to describe the taking of an oath, to making a solemn vow. Usually oaths have referred to a deity"
"before individuals who are authorized to administer oaths, except that they are normally used outside of court settings. They have the same effect in law as a sworn statement or affidavit. In federal proceedings, the form is governed by the ""Canada Evidence Act"". Similar provision is made by the various provinces for use in proceedings within their respective jurisdictions. A person who makes a false declaration can be charged with perjury under the Criminal Code. Statutory declarations can be used as a method of legally changing one's name. They may be used by UK financial institutions to enable an asset"
"to omit the step of swearing before a notary public or official. Instead, the affiant puts a separate paragraph at the end of the document, such as the following (for United States federal courts): I declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. Executed on (date). Where allowed, such an endorsement gives the document the same weight as an affidavit, per The document is called a ""sworn declaration"" or ""sworn statement"" instead of an affidavit, and the maker is called a ""declarant"" rather than an ""affiant"", but other than this difference"
"opt either to swear an oath on the holy book of their choice (provisions are made for Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, and Hindus) or to affirm. The oath typically takes the form ""I swear [by almighty God/by Allah/by Waheguru/on the Gita] that I will faithfully try the defendant and give a true verdict according to the evidence."" Affirmation, which was made available to Quakers and Moravians by the Quakers and Moravians Act 1838 and later extended to anybody who chooses to do so, takes the form ""I solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm that I will faithfully try the defendant"
"formal [oral] declaration before an authorized public officer. It is made by a person executing [signing] an instrument who states that it was their free act and deed."" That is, the person signed it without undue influence and for the purposes detailed in it. A certificate of acknowledgment is a written statement signed (and in some jurisdictions, sealed) by the notary or other authorized official that serves to prove that the acknowledgment occurred. The form of the certificate varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but will be similar to the following: Before me, the undersigned authority, on this ______ day of"
"sincerely declare and affirm that the evidence I shall give will be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. ""Affirmation"": ""Oath/Affirmation"": ""Oath"": ""Affirmation"": ""Oath"": ""Affirmation"" ""Promise"" In the UK, you can give testimony at any age, but will not be sworn in unless 14 years old or over. ""Oath"": ""Affirmation"": ""Oath"": Swear may be replaced with ""affirm"", and either ""so help you God"" or ""under pains and penalties of perjury"" may be used; all oaths and affirmations are considered to be equivalent before the law. These modifications to the oath were originally introduced in order to accommodate"
"Abjuration Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. The term comes from the Latin ""abjurare"", ""to forswear"". Abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient English law. The person taking the oath swore to leave the country directly and promptly, never to return to the kingdom unless by permission of the sovereign. This was often taken by fugitives who had taken sanctuary: Near the start of the English Civil War, on 18 August 1643 Parliament passed ""An Ordinance for Explanation of"
"the ""sponsao"" and the decisory oath of Roman law, and the reference to oath of Scots law (see Oath). The use of the oath instead of the real or feigned combat - real in English law, feigned in Roman law - no doubt represents an advance in legal development. The technical term ""sacramentum"" is the bond of union between the two stages of law. In the wager of law the defendant, with eleven compurgators, appeared in court, and the defendant swore that he did not owe the debt, or (in detinue) that he did not detain the plaintiff's chattel; while"
"Testimony In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter. The words ""testimony"" and ""testify"" both derive from the Latin word ""testis"", referring to the notion of a disinterested third-party witness. In the law, testimony is a form of evidence that is obtained from a witness who makes a solemn statement or declaration of fact. Testimony may be oral or written, and it is usually made by oath or affirmation under penalty of perjury. To be admissible in court and for maximum reliability and validity, written testimony is usually witnessed by one"
"the statement is made in a judicial proceeding oath is a sine qua non for the statement to assume the character of false evidence or perjury, if its falsehood is proved. Under section 1 (1) of the English Perjury Act 1911, the statement to amount to perjury must have been made under oath. Under these laws it is irrelevant whether or not the witness’s statement is false at all. The witness renders himself liable to punishment by simply making assertions, false or true, which he does not positively believe to be true. In the words of Turner ‘a man who"
"a claim on the basis of another person's testimony unless at least one of the following is found to be true: Testimony In law and in religion, testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter. The words ""testimony"" and ""testify"" both derive from the Latin word ""testis"", referring to the notion of a disinterested third-party witness. In the law, testimony is a form of evidence that is obtained from a witness who makes a solemn statement or declaration of fact. Testimony may be oral or written, and it is usually made by oath or affirmation under"
"of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835."" A standard form is used for a statutory declaration; one copy will be given to the applicant and the other is held on file. Statutory declaration A statutory declaration is a legal document defined under the law of certain Commonwealth nations. It is similar to a statement made under oath, however, it is not sworn. Statutory declarations are commonly used to allow a person to declare something to be true for the purposes of satisfying some legal requirement or regulation when no other evidence is available. They are thus similar to affidavits (which are"
"has been the only president to date who affirmed rather than swore to the oath of office. Affirmation in law In law, an affirmation is a solemn declaration allowed to those who conscientiously object to taking an oath. An affirmation has exactly the same legal effect as an oath but is usually taken to avoid the religious implications of an oath; it is thus legally binding but not considered a religious oath. Some religious minorities hold beliefs that allow them to make legally binding promises but forbid them to swear an oath before a deity. Additionally, many decline to make"
"Voter's oath or affirmation The voter's oath or affirmation, formerly the freemen's oath, is a citizen's oath or affirmation taken during voter registration in the U.S. state of Vermont. In 2007 the law was amended to make it easier to administer this oath or affirmation; instead of being administered only by notaries public and similar officials, the oath may be administered by nearly anyone, including the applicant. (""Voter's oath or affirmation; how administered"" 2007) The Freemen's Oath was a part of the 1777 Constitution of the Vermont Republic, the first constitution in the Western Hemisphere to grant universal suffrage to"
"as established by the Constitution, without fear or favor of any person. Vermont, Alabama, and Florida are the only U.S. states with a voter's oath. Voter's oath or affirmation The voter's oath or affirmation, formerly the freemen's oath, is a citizen's oath or affirmation taken during voter registration in the U.S. state of Vermont. In 2007 the law was amended to make it easier to administer this oath or affirmation; instead of being administered only by notaries public and similar officials, the oath may be administered by nearly anyone, including the applicant. (""Voter's oath or affirmation; how administered"" 2007) The"
"upon a lawful oath, or in any form allowed by law to be substituted for an oath, in a judicial proceeding or course of justice, of a false testimony material to the issue or matter of inquiry."" William Blackstone touched on the subject in his Commentaries on the Laws of England, establishing perjury as ""a crime committed when a lawful oath is administered, in some judicial proceeding, to a person who swears willfully, absolutely, and falsely, in a matter material to the issue or point in question."" The punishment for perjury under the common law has varied from death to"
"the person who makes an out-of-court statement. For example, if John is on the witness stand and says ""Mary said that she was afraid."" Mary is the declarant, not John. This concept is important in understanding many applications of the hearsay rule and its exceptions. Declarant A declarant, generally speaking, is anyone who composes and signs a statement or alleging that the information he has given therein is true. This differs from an ""affiant,"" as in the case of an affidavit the facts therein are sworn to before a notary public or other official, whereas a declaration is usually made"
"of Allegiance is in the following form: The Official Oath is in the following form: The standard form of the judicial oath is set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868: Those choosing affirm simply replace ""do swear by Almighty God"" with ""solemnly sincerely and truly declare and affirm"" In Northern Ireland all references to the Sovereign were removed by the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002. Section 19(2) provides that the oath is — Section 19(3) provides that the affirmation and declaration is — All persons enlisting in the British Armed Forces are required to attest to the following oath"
"constitutional principles which support... the workings of representative democracy in the respondent State"". Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom) The Oath of Allegiance (Judicial or Official Oath) is a promise to be loyal to the British monarch, and his or her heirs and successors, sworn by certain public servants in the United Kingdom, and also by newly naturalised subjects in citizenship ceremonies. The current standard wording of the oath of allegiance is set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868. Variants of the basic oath of allegiance are also incorporated into a number of other oaths taken by certain individuals. The"
"Affirmation in law In law, an affirmation is a solemn declaration allowed to those who conscientiously object to taking an oath. An affirmation has exactly the same legal effect as an oath but is usually taken to avoid the religious implications of an oath; it is thus legally binding but not considered a religious oath. Some religious minorities hold beliefs that allow them to make legally binding promises but forbid them to swear an oath before a deity. Additionally, many decline to make a religious oath because they feel that to do so would be valueless or inappropriate, especially in"
"oath. Section 5 provides for the making of a solemn affirmation by a person who objects to being sworn. A solemn affirmation may also be used where it is not reasonably practicable to administer an oath in a manner appropriate to a person's religious beliefs. Section 6 provides that the form of a solemn affirmation is ""I, do solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm ..."" followed by the words of the oath prescribed by law, omitting any words of imprecation or calling to witness. Section 7 repealed the Oaths Act 1838, the Oaths Act 1888, the Oaths Act 1909,"
"Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom) The Oath of Allegiance (Judicial or Official Oath) is a promise to be loyal to the British monarch, and his or her heirs and successors, sworn by certain public servants in the United Kingdom, and also by newly naturalised subjects in citizenship ceremonies. The current standard wording of the oath of allegiance is set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868. Variants of the basic oath of allegiance are also incorporated into a number of other oaths taken by certain individuals. The current standard oath of allegiance is set out from the Promissory Oaths Act"
"the oath) and the gods; the ""iusiurandum"" is an oath of good faith within the human community that is in accordance with ""ius"" as witnessed by the gods. ""Sacramentum"" is the origin of the English word ""sacrament"", a transition in meaning pointed to by Apuleius's use of the word to refer to religious initiation. In Roman law, a thing given as a pledge or bond was a ""sacramentum"". The ""sacramentum legis actio"" was a sum of money deposited in a legal procedure to affirm that both parties to the litigation were acting in good faith. If correct law and procedures"
"to speak or from negligence where a duty of care arises. Under English law, estoppel by representation of fact is not a cause of action, though it may be a defence or acts in support of a cause of action. There is some debate whether under English law courts will take into account unconscionability under estoppel by representation of fact, although Australian courts clearly do. As noted above, under English law, promissory and proprietary estoppel are both species of equitable estoppel. Proprietary estoppel arises when A purports to give but fails to effectively convey, or promises to give property or"
"The term is more particularly employed in cases of treason, which must be demonstrated by some overt or open act. This rule derives from the Treason Act 1695, passed by the Parliament of England and adopted by the United States in Article III, Section 3 of the United States Constitution, which provides that ""No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court."" In ""Cramer v. United States"", the Supreme Court ruled that ""every act, movement, deed, and word of the defendant charged to constitute"
"Involuntary commitment Involuntary commitment or civil commitment (also known informally as sectioning or being sectioned in some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom) is a legal process through which an individual who is deemed by a qualified agent to have symptoms of severe mental disorder is ordered by a court into treatment in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient). Criteria for civil commitment are established by laws which vary between nations. Commitment proceedings often follow a period of emergency hospitalization, during which an individual with acute psychiatric symptoms is confined for a relatively short duration (e.g. 72"