In Greek mythology, which King of Lydia (560-547BC) was noted for his fabulous wealth?
"Delphic Oracle for advice. The priestess refused to answer his emissary until the Lydians had rebuilt the temple. Alyattes immediately sent an embassy to Miletus and agreed a peace treaty. The temple was rebuilt and Alyattes recovered his health. Attribution: Alyattes of Lydia Alyattes (reigned c.591–c.560 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes II, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes and grandson of Ardys. He was succeeded by his son Croesus. A battle between his forces and those of Cyaxares, king of Media, was interrupted by the solar eclipse on 28 May 584 BC."
"him. However, the Pythia had also predicted that the revenge of the Heracleidae would fall upon his fifth descendant. For this oracle Gyges rewarded the oracle with precious ex-votos: six golden kraters were offered to the sanctuary of Apollo. They weighed thirty talents. At the time of Herodotus these kraters were displayed in the Treasury of Corinth. He dedicated other more precious ex-votos, made of gold and silver, which are not, however, mentioned in detail. Gyges of Lydia Gyges (; ; fl. 7th century BC) was the founder of the Mermnad dynasty of Lydian kings. The dates of his reign"
"Lydus. Dionysius of Halicarnassus was skeptical of this story, indicating that the Etruscan language and customs were known to be totally dissimilar to those of the Lydians. Later chronologists ignored Herodotus' statement that Agron was the first Heraclid to be a king, and included his immediate forefathers Alcaeus, Belus and Ninus in their list of kings of Lydia. Strabo (5.2.2) has Atys, father of Lydus and Tyrrhenus, as a descendant of Heracles and Omphale but that contradicts virtually all other accounts which name Atys, Lydus and Tyrrhenus among the pre-Heraclid kings and princes of Lydia. The gold deposits in the"
"Tmolus Tmolus (, ""Tmōlos"") was a King of Lydia and husband to Omphale. Mount Tmolus (modern Bozdağ) is named for him. It lies in Lydia with the Lydian capital Sardis at its foot and Hypaepa on its southern slope. In Greek mythology he figures as a mountain god, a son of Ares and Theogone and he judged the musical contest between Pan and Apollo. When Tmolus was gored to death by a bull on the mountain that bears his name, his widow, Omphale, became Queen-regnant of Lydia. Through her, Lydian reign passed into the hands of the Tylonid (Heraclid) dynasty."
"suggests that ""neither the Greeks nor the Babylonians knew what really happened to Croesus"". References to Croesus' legendary power and wealth, often as a symbol of human vanity, are numerous in literature. The following, by Isaac Watts, is from the poem titled ""False Greatness"": Other literary examples are ""Croesus and Fate"", a short story by Leo Tolstoy that is a retelling of the account of Croesus as told by Herodotus and Plutarch; and ""Crœsus, King of Lydia"", a tragedy in five parts by Alfred Bate Richards, first published in 1845. Croesus Croesus ( ; , ""Kroisos""; 595 BC – c."
"Thymbra at the hands of the Persian Cyrus II in 546 BC. By 550 BCE, the Median Empire, which had existed for barely a hundred years, was suddenly torn apart by a Persian rebellion. As Lydia's king, Croesus had a large amount of wealth which to draw from, and he used it to go on the offensive against the Persian king Cyrus the Great. In the end, Croesus was thrust back west and Cyrus burned the Lydian capital Sardis, taking control of Lydia in 546 BCE. The remaining kingdom of Ionia and several cities of Lydia still refused to fall"
"likely small silver fractions, Hemiobol, Ancient Greek coinage minted by the Ionian Greeks in the late sixth century BC. Sardis was renowned as a beautiful city. Around 550 BC, near the beginning of his reign, Croesus paid for the construction of the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, which became one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Croesus was defeated in battle by Cyrus II of Persia in 546 BC, with the Lydian kingdom losing its autonomy and becoming a Persian satrapy. According to Herodotus, Lydia was ruled by three dynasties from the second millennium BC to 546 BC."
"Ardys of Lydia Ardys (reigned c.652–c.603 BC; also known as Ardysus) was the second king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Gyges. According to Herodotus, he reigned for 49 years and was succeeded by his son Sadyattes. Dates for the Mermnad kings are uncertain and are based on a computation by J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) who estimated c.687–c.652 BC for the reign of Gyges. Herodotus gave reign lengths for Gyges' successors: Ardys for 49 years (to c.603 BC); and Sadyattes for 12 years (to c.591 BC). Ardys attacked the Ionian Greek city of Miletus"
"of his father. Midas Midas (; ) is the name of at least three members of the royal house of Phrygia. The most famous King Midas is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for his ability to turn everything he touched into gold. This came to be called the ""golden touch"", or the ""Midas touch"". The Phrygian city Midaeum was presumably named after this Midas, and this is probably also the Midas that according to Pausanias founded Ancyra. According to Aristotle, legend held that Midas died of starvation as a result of his ""vain prayer"" for the gold touch. The legends"
"Croesus, the king of Lydia from 560 to 547 BC. Male: The upperside wings are black and have a yellow costal band. There is a clearly visible long oval sex brand (of androconial scales) in the black area. The underside is black marked with lines of green chevrons. The upperside hindwings are yellow and the underside is green, yellow towards the costa. The veins are black and there is a submarginal row of black spots. The head and thorax are brown and the abdomen is yellow. Female: typical of birdwing butterflies, ""Ornithoptera croesus"" is strongly sexually dimorphic. Females are larger"
"in Lydia; and the islands of Samos and Chios. Although the Ionian cities were independent from each other, they acknowledged their shared heritage, and had a common temple and meeting place, the Panionion. They thus formed a 'cultural league', to which they would admit no other cities, or even other tribal Ionians. The cities of Ionia had remained independent until they were conquered by the famous Lydian king Croesus, in around 560 BC. The Ionian cities then remained under Lydian rule until Lydia was in turn conquered by the nascent Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great. While fighting the Lydians,"
"Phrygia was subsumed into a short-lived Lydian empire. The eastern part of the former Phrygian empire fell into the hands of the Medes in 585 BC. Under the proverbially rich King Croesus (reigned 560–546 BC), Phrygia remained part of the Lydian empire that extended east to the Halys River. There may be an echo of strife with Lydia and perhaps a veiled reference to royal hostages, in the legend of the twice-unlucky Adrastus, the son of a King Gordias with the queen, Eurynome. He accidentally killed his brother and exiled himself to Lydia, where King Croesus welcomed him. Once again,"
"Atys of Lydia Atys (Ancient Greek: Ἄτυς) is a legendary figure of the 2nd millennium BC who is attested by Herodotus to have been an early king of Lydia, then probably known as Maeonia. He was the son of Manes and the father of Lydus, after whom the Lydian people were later named. Herodotus recounts that Maeonia was beset by severe famine during Atys' reign. To help them endure hunger, the Maeonians developed various expedients including dice, knuckle-bones and ball games. The idea was that they would eat every other day only. On the interim days when they fasted, they"
"to death himself. Herodotus goes on to record how Gyges plied the Oracle with numerous gifts, notably six mixing bowls minted of gold extracted from the Pactolus river weighing thirty talents. The Oracle confirmed Gyges as the rightful king of Lydia and gave moral support to the Lydians in their conflict with the Ionians. The priestess nevertheless declared that the dynasty of Gyges would fall in the fifth generation. This prediction was later fulfilled when Gyges' fourth descendant, Croesus, lost the kingdom as a result of attacking the Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great. Once established on the throne, Gyges"
"Pythius Pythius is a Lydian mentioned in book VII of Herodotus' ""Histories"", chh. 27-29 and 38-39. He is the son of Atys, and the grandson of Croesus, the last native king of Lydia before the Persian conquest. The Persian king Xerxes I, son of Darius I, encounters Pythius on his way to invade Greece c. 480 BC. Pythius entertains him and offers to provide money for the expenses of war. This Xerxes politely declines, and instead rewards Pythius' generosity by giving him 7000 gold darics in order that his fortune might be an even 4,000,000 (ch. 29). Later Pythius, emboldened"
"in Achaemenid territories. Croeseid The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561-546 BCE) from around 550 BCE. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, and the world's first bimetallic monetary system. Before the Croesus, his father Alyattes had already started to mint various types of non-standardized coins. They were made in a natural occurring material called electrum, a variable mix of gold and silver (with about 54% gold and 44% silver),"
"The geography of Tmolus and the contest between Pan and Apollo are mentioned in Ovid's ""Metamorphoses"", XI.168. He is perhaps the Tmolus who, according to a scholion to Euripides ""Orestes"" 5, was the father of Tantalus by Plouto. Tmolus Tmolus (, ""Tmōlos"") was a King of Lydia and husband to Omphale. Mount Tmolus (modern Bozdağ) is named for him. It lies in Lydia with the Lydian capital Sardis at its foot and Hypaepa on its southern slope. In Greek mythology he figures as a mountain god, a son of Ares and Theogone and he judged the musical contest between Pan"
"Midas Midas (; ) is the name of at least three members of the royal house of Phrygia. The most famous King Midas is popularly remembered in Greek mythology for his ability to turn everything he touched into gold. This came to be called the ""golden touch"", or the ""Midas touch"". The Phrygian city Midaeum was presumably named after this Midas, and this is probably also the Midas that according to Pausanias founded Ancyra. According to Aristotle, legend held that Midas died of starvation as a result of his ""vain prayer"" for the gold touch. The legends told about this"
"and succeeded in capturing the city of Priene. Most of his reign was taken up with the wars against the Cimmerians, who occupied part of Sardis in one invasion. Ardys of Lydia Ardys (reigned c.652–c.603 BC; also known as Ardysus) was the second king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Gyges. According to Herodotus, he reigned for 49 years and was succeeded by his son Sadyattes. Dates for the Mermnad kings are uncertain and are based on a computation by J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) who estimated c.687–c.652 BC for the reign of Gyges. Herodotus"
"a pair of very wide boots, also provided for the occasion) he stuffed with gold, and then filled his mouth and hair with gold dust. Croesus laughed at the trick, and presented him with as much again. This was supposed to have taken place around 590 BC. The wealth thus acquired is said to have contributed greatly to the subsequent prosperity of the Alcmaeonidae. Alcmaeon was a breeder of horses for chariot races, and on one occasion gained the prize in a chariot-race at Olympia in 592. According to Plutarch, he commanded the Athenians in the First Sacred War, which"
"captured Smyrna, the greatest port of the Asian coast, and one-by-one, added Greek coastal towns to his domain. Though he let the Greek cities retain their own customs and institutions, their taxes, along with Lydian gold, made Lydian monarchs the richest kings since Solomon. Croesus was the son and heir of Alyattes, and the most important Lydian king in relation to the Bible. He was fabulously wealthy, spawning the simile: ""as rich as Croesus."" The undoing of Croesus and the Lydian Empire came when they attacked Cyrus the Great. Victorious over Cappadocians, Croesus was filled with confidence. The benevolent Cyrus"
"Gyges of Lydia Gyges (; ; fl. 7th century BC) was the founder of the Mermnad dynasty of Lydian kings. The dates of his reign are uncertain but have been tentatively estimated as c. 687 – c. 652 BC. He was a bodyguard of his predecessor Candaules whom he assassinated in order to seize the throne. His action was approved by the Delphic Oracle and that decision prevented civil war in Lydia. Once established on the throne, Gyges devoted himself to consolidating his kingdom and making it a military power. He captured Colophon, Magnesia on the Maeander, and probably also"
"Cresus Crésus was the first French version of the Argentine quiz show ""El Legado"" that debuted on commercial station TF1 on July 4, 2005, presented by Vincent Lagaf'. Following a strong summer ratings run, the show was recommissioned, and began its second run in January 2006. Its third and final run ended at the beginning of September 2006. The show's name was derived from a French proverb, to be 'riche comme Crésus'. Croesus was a notoriously wealthy king of Lydia from 561/560 to 547 BC, and participates in the show as a resurrected, computer-generated skeleton that interjects insults and additional"
"Soon after 546, Cyrus also had full control of Asia Minor, including other kingdoms such Lycia, Caria or Ionia, following the conquests of his general Harpagus. With the conquest of Lydia and the adoption of Lydian coinage, the nascent Achaemenid Empire thus obtained access to the most modern coinage of its time and the economic power that goes with it. The mint was located in Sardis, now capital of all the Western Satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, and continued minted operation under Cyrus. This coinage would supply the western part of the Achaemenid Empire. Technically, these early coins used incuse"
"a galley. A gold sea-horse was discovered in a hoard from the kingdom of Lydia in Asia minor, dating to the 6th century BC. In the ""Iliad"", Homer describes Poseidon, god of horses, earthquakes, and the sea, drawn by brazen-hoofed horses over the sea's surface, and Apollonius of Rhodes, describes the horse of Poseidon emerging from the sea and galloping across the Libyan sands. This compares to the specifically ""two-hoofed"" hippocampi of Gaius Valerius Flaccus in his ""Argonautica"": ""Orion when grasping his father’s reins heaves the sea with the snorting of his two-hooved horses."" In Hellenistic and Roman imagery, however,"
"Croeseid The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561-546 BCE) from around 550 BCE. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, and the world's first bimetallic monetary system. Before the Croesus, his father Alyattes had already started to mint various types of non-standardized coins. They were made in a natural occurring material called electrum, a variable mix of gold and silver (with about 54% gold and 44% silver), and were in"
"Gu(g)gu, king of Luddi, to be identified with Gyges, king of the Lydians. It seems likely that the term Lydians came to be used with reference to the inhabitants of Sardis and its vicinity only with the rise of the Mermnad dynasty. Herodotus states that the Lydians ""were the first men whom we know who coined and used gold and silver currency"". While this specifically refers to coinage in electrum, some numismatists think that coinage per se arose in Lydia. According to Herodotus, once a Lydian girl reached maturity, she would ply the trade of prostitute until she had earned"
"Lydia. He eventually concluded a peace treaty with Alyattes. A noted Cretan mercenary of this time was Hybrias. He was also a lyric poet and left a skolion (drinking song) called the ""spear-song"" in which he proclaimed himself a great warrior: ""I have great wealth — a spear, a sword and a fine shield to save my skin. With these I plough, I reap, I tread the sweet grapes and am called master of my serfs. All those that dare not hold the spear and sword and fine shield to save their skin, all bow and kiss my knee, calling"
"by fire around the mid 5th century B.C. Some of those probably constituted a gold-and-ivory group depicting the Apollonian triad, namely Apollo, Artemis and Leto. The scholars have related these finds to the sumptuous ex-votos of Croesus, king of Lydia, which Herodotus so eloquently describes. This identification is however uncertain; the only certain fact is that the works are magnificent creations of the mid-6th century B.C., coming from workshops in Ionia, or, to a certain extent, Corinth. Apollo bears the distinctive archaic smile. His hair is made of gilded silver, with two broad curls flanking the head and falling on"
"and Priene in Caria; Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedos, Teos, Clazomenae, Phocaea and Erythrae in Lydia; and the islands of Samos and Chios. The cities of Ionia had remained independent until they were conquered by the famous Lydian king Croesus, in around 560 BC. The Ionian cities then remained under Lydian rule until Lydia was in turn conquered by the nascent Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great. The Persians found the Ionians difficult to rule. Elsewhere in the empire, Cyrus was able to identify elite native groups to help him rule his new subjects—such as the priesthood of Judea. No such group"
"Candaules Candaules (died c.687 BC; , ""Kandaulēs""), also known as Myrsilos (Μυρσίλος), was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia in the early years of the 7th century BC. According to Herodotus, he succeeded his father Meles as the 22nd and last king of Lydia's Heraclid dynasty. He was assassinated and succeeded by Gyges. Based on an ambiguous line in the work of the Greek poet Hipponax, it was traditionally assumed that the name of Candaules meant ""hound-choker"" among the Lydians. J. B. Bury and Russell Meiggs (1975) say that Candaules is a Maeonian name meaning ""hound-choker"" and that"
"Lysias Anicetus Lysias Anicetus (Greek: ; epithet means ""the Invincible"") was an Indo-Greek king. According to numismatist Bopearachchi, Lysias was a close successor to Menander I and Zoilos I, and therefore may have ruled around 130–120 BCE. R. C. Senior suggests a similar date. Bopearachchi suggests that Lysias' territory covered the areas of the Paropamisade and Arachosia, but his coins have been found in the Punjab and it is possible that Lysias ruled most of the Indo-Greek territory for a period, though perhaps in cooperation with Antialcidas, with whom he shared most of his monograms. Lysias apparently claimed to be"
"the state-owned silver mines of Laurium. In return, the ""Calliai"" were paid a share of the mine proceeds, in silver. Accordingly, they were considered the richest family in Athens and quite possibly in all of Greece, and the head of the family was often simply referred to as """"ho plousios"""" (Greek: ""ὁ πλούσιος"", ""the wealthy""). The only other family that could rival their wealth were the tyrants of Syracuse. Callias must have inherited the family's fortune in 424 BC, which can be reconciled with the mention of him in the comedy the ""Flatterers"" of Eupolis, 421 BC, as having recently"