Sharing its name with an ex-Soviet state, which cruise ship sank in the Baltic Sea in September 1994 claiming 852 lives?
"MS Estonia MS ""Estonia, previously Viking Sally (1980–1990), Silja Star (1990–1991), and Wasa King"" (1991–1993), was a cruise ferry built in 1979/80 at the German shipyard Meyer Werft in Papenburg. The ship sank in 1994 in the Baltic Sea in one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. It is the second-deadliest European shipwreck disaster to have occurred in peacetime and the deadliest peacetime shipwreck to have occurred in European waters, with 852 lives lost. The ship was originally ordered from Meyer Werft by a Norwegian shipping company led by Parley Augustsen with intended traffic between Norway and"
"car and passenger ferry M/S Estonia was lost in the Baltic Sea on September 28, killing 852 people, most Swedish, in one of the worst maritime disasters in modern history. One of the few positive events during the time was Sweden's surprise run at the FIFA World Cup 1994, which earned Team Sweden and a pressured people a bronze medal and some nights of party in the hot summer of 1994. Göran Persson was appointed finance minister and saddled with the difficult task of balancing the budget by aggressively cutting social programs and benefits, something most Swedes initially intensely resented,"
"radar by the Finnish Navy. The sinking of the ""Estonia"" has been the subject of a number of documentaries in addition to the feature film ""Baltic Storm"", including: In addition, the disaster has inspired several musical works: MS Estonia MS ""Estonia, previously Viking Sally (1980–1990), Silja Star (1990–1991), and Wasa King"" (1991–1993), was a cruise ferry built in 1979/80 at the German shipyard Meyer Werft in Papenburg. The ship sank in 1994 in the Baltic Sea in one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. It is the second-deadliest European shipwreck disaster to have occurred in peacetime and"
"the Soviet Union. The ""Estonia"" disaster occurred on Wednesday, 28 September 1994, between about 00:55 and 01:50 (""UTC+2"") as the ship was crossing the Baltic Sea, en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden. ""Estonia"" was on a scheduled crossing with departure at 19:00 on 27 September. She had been expected in Stockholm the next morning at about 09:30. She was carrying 989 people: 803 passengers and 186 crew. Most of the passengers were Scandinavian, while most of the crew members were Estonian (several Swedish passengers were of Estonian origin). The ship was fully loaded, and was listing slightly to"
"the car ferry ""Estonia"" that capsized and sank on 28 September 1994 with a loss of 852 lives. Following the reorganization of the Finnish Maritime Administration in 2004, the ownership and management of the state-owned vessels was transferred to a newly founded state-owned enterprise, Finstaship. Later a separate company, GDV Maritime AS, was established together with Norwegian partners and handled the global marketing of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers until 2008. During this time, the focal point in the marketing of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers shifted more to offshore activities and the ships returned to their home waters only if they"
"before the ""Vironia"" was due to enter service on her new route, ""Estonia"" sank in a storm killing 852 people. The bow visor construction of ""Estonia"", which caused her sinking, was of the same type as that of the ""Vironia"". As a result of the disaster, the ""Vironia"" was renamed ""Mare Balticum"" to avoid association with the sunken ship due to the similar name (""Viro"" means ""Estonia"" in Finnish). She was docked and rebuilt in Naantali and her bow visor was welded shut. She eventually entered service on Stockholm-Tallinn on November 11, 1994. Two years later, Nordström & Thulin acquired"
"MS Jan Heweliusz MS ""Jan Heweliusz"" was a Polish ferry named after astronomer Johannes Hevelius () that served on the route Ystad-Świnoujście. It was built in Norway in 1977 and was owned by PLO (Polish Oceanliners) and operated by its daughter company PLO EuroAfrica. In the early hours of January 14th 1993 it capsized and sank in 27 metres of water off Cape Arcona on the coast of Rügen in the Baltic Sea while sailing toward Ystad with 64 passengers and crew. The accident claimed the lives of 20 crewmen and 35 passengers. 10 bodies were never found. 9 people"
"Celestyal Crystal Celestyal Crystal, previously Louis Cristal, is a cruise ship operated by the Cyprus-based Celestyal Cruises and previously Louis Cruise Lines, both in the Louis Group. The ship was originally built as the cruiseferry MS ""Viking Saga in 1980 at Wärtsilä Turku New Shipyard, Turku, Finland for Rederi Ab Sally. In 1986 she was renamed MS ""Sally Albatross, and rebuilt into a cruise ship the following year. The ship was destroyed by a fire in 1990, and completely rebuilt at Finnyards, Rauma, Finland. She was re-delivered in 1992, still named ""Sally Albatross"". After partially sinking 1994 she was rebuilt"
"On 1 November 2014, while docking at the port of Leknes in Lofoten, Norway, a strong breeze sent the cruise ship off course, resulting in the ship running aground at coordinates . MS Marco Polo MS ""Marco Polo is a cruise ship owned by the Global Maritime Group under charter to UK-based Cruise & Maritime Voyages, having been previously operated by Transocean Tours, Germany. She was built as an ocean liner in 1965 by Mathias-Thesen Werft, East Germany as Aleksandr Pushkin"" for the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company. After major alterations and additions, the ship sailed as ""Marco Polo"" for"
"comes from when Sweden's Royal Couple lived there during the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics. The second was named after former US President George H. W. Bush stayed aboard in November 1995. Celestyal Crystal Celestyal Crystal, previously Louis Cristal, is a cruise ship operated by the Cyprus-based Celestyal Cruises and previously Louis Cruise Lines, both in the Louis Group. The ship was originally built as the cruiseferry MS ""Viking Saga in 1980 at Wärtsilä Turku New Shipyard, Turku, Finland for Rederi Ab Sally. In 1986 she was renamed MS ""Sally Albatross, and rebuilt into a cruise ship the following year. The"
"in or translated into English, including: MV Wilhelm Gustloff MV ""Wilhelm Gustloff"" was a German military transport ship which was sunk on 30 January 1945 by in the Baltic Sea while evacuating German civilians, German officials, refugees from Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Estonia and Croatia and military personnel from Gotenhafen (now Gdynia) as the Red Army advanced. By one estimate, 9,400 people died, which makes it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history. Constructed as a cruise ship for the National Socialist ""Kraft durch Freude"" (Strength Through Joy) organisation in 1937, she had been requisitioned"
"Sally Cruise Sally Cruise was a wholly owned subsidiary of Rederi Ab Sally, Finland that operated cruise ships on the Baltic Sea between the years 1986 and 1992. It was merged into Silja Line 1992. Rederi Ab Sally had been, until the early 1980s, the dominant partner in the Viking Line consortium. However, due to investing in unprofitable operations outside the Baltic Sea they started losing their foothold in Viking during the mid-80s when the other partners (SF Line and Rederi AB Slite) took delivery of new tonnage that supplanted Sally's newest ships. In 1986 when Sally's MS ""Viking Saga"""
"MV Wilhelm Gustloff MV ""Wilhelm Gustloff"" was a German military transport ship which was sunk on 30 January 1945 by in the Baltic Sea while evacuating German civilians, German officials, refugees from Prussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Estonia and Croatia and military personnel from Gotenhafen (now Gdynia) as the Red Army advanced. By one estimate, 9,400 people died, which makes it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history. Constructed as a cruise ship for the National Socialist ""Kraft durch Freude"" (Strength Through Joy) organisation in 1937, she had been requisitioned by the ""Kriegsmarine"" (German navy) in"
"was similar to the first, a series of short 'jabs' from Helsinki and Grand Hotel. ""U-242"" sank the Soviet barge ""VRD-96 Del'fin"" and the survey ship ""KKO-2"" on 25 August 1944; one day before returning to Helsinki. More round-robin journeys were carried out, travelling between Paldiski (known to the Germans as Baltisch Port), Windau in Latvia (now known as Ventspils), Pillau (Baltiysk), Danzig (Gdańsk in modern Poland), Horten Naval Base in Norway and Kristiansand. It was during her fifth patrol that the Finnish ship, the ""Rigel"", was sunk on 28 October 1944 by a mine laid by ""U-242"" on 21"
"under various flags of convenience but soon afterwards sold off to other operators. The ""Belorussiya"" was launched on 6 March 1974 and delivered on 15 January 1975. She was named after the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The ""Belorussiya"" was rebuilt into a cruise ship in 1986 at Lloyd Werft, Bremerhaven, West Germany. From 1987 until late 1992, ""Belorussiya"" was chartered by CTC Cruises to operate budget cruises from Sydney, Australia to ports in the south Pacific region. During this time, ""Belorussiya"" operated from Sydney during the Australian summer and in Europe for the rest of the year. On 25 October"
"the Baltic countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, Northern Germany (Hansestadt Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein), Northern Poland (Pomorskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie and Zachodnio-Pomorskie), and Russia's Northwestern region including Kaliningrad. The region shares many historical ties, which often are symbolized by the legacy of the Hanse around the Baltic Sea. Thus, the Baltic Sea has been the facilitator of integrative processes in more than 1000 years with more intensive periods than other. Naturally, the Cold War to a large extent hindered extended cooperation, but when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989 new strong ties"
"Bulgaria (ship) Bulgaria () was a class 785/OL800 Russian river cruise ship (built in Komárno, Czechoslovakia) which operated in the Volga-Don basin. On 10 July 2011, ""Bulgaria"" sank in the Kuybyshev Reservoir of the Volga River near Syukeyevo, Kamsko-Ustyinsky District, Tatarstan, Russia, with 201 passengers and crew aboard when sailing from the town of Bolgar to the regional capital, Kazan. The catastrophe led to 122 confirmed deaths (bodies recovered and identified). The sinking of ""Bulgaria"" was Russia's worst maritime disaster since 1986, when the collided with a cargo ship and 423 people died. ""Bulgaria"" was built at Slovak shipyard in"
"by occupying Poland and the Baltic states. In 1945, the Baltic Sea became a mass grave for retreating soldiers and refugees on torpedoed troop transports. The sinking of the ""Wilhelm Gustloff"" remains the worst maritime disaster in history, killing (very roughly) 9,000 people. In 2005, a Russian group of scientists found over five thousand airplane wrecks, sunken warships, and other material, mainly from World War II, on the bottom of the sea. Since the end of World War II, various nations, including the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States, have disposed of chemical weapons in the Baltic"
"a Tapas & Wine restaurant on deck 8, the conversion of the former BBQ-restaurant into an Ella's restaurant, the conversion of the two-storey discothèque on decks 9 and 10 into a new cafeteria, the addition of new cabins in place of the former conference rooms on deck 11, and redecoration of the majority of passenger cabins. MS Gabriella MS ""Gabriella is a cruiseferry sailing on a route connecting Helsinki, Finland and Stockholm, Sweden for Viking Line. She was built in 1992 in Brodosplit, Croatia as Frans Suell for service with Euroway. Between 1994 and 1997 she sailed as Silja Scandinavia"""
"and it is then reduced to a mere question of damages proportionate to the extent to which it remains unperformed.' MS Mikhail Lermontov MS ""Mikhail Lermontov"" was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Baltic Shipping Company, built in 1972 by V.E.B. Mathias-Thesen Werft, Wismar, East Germany. It was later converted into a cruise ship. On 16 February 1986 she collided with rocks near Port Gore in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, and sank, claiming the life of one of her crew members. MS ""Mikhail Lermontov"", launched in 1972, was the last of the five ""poet"" ships: , ,"
"XXI. These are the current names, former names and registries of the ""Renaissance"" Class ships: Renaissance Cruises Renaissance Cruises was a cruise ship operating company that was founded in 1989 and owned by Fearnley & Eger Rederi in Oslo, Norway. It was purchased by Edward Rudner (founder of Alamo Car Rental) as the company faltered during the Gulf War. It operated year-round cruise itineraries to the Mediterranean Sea, the Greek Isles, Tahiti and the South Pacific, northern Europe and Scandinavia. The company ceased operations on 25 September 2001, having accommodated up to 220,000 guests in 2000. While the company had"
"was renamed ""Isabelle"" and her port of registry was changed to Riga, Latvia. From late April 2013 until 5 May 2013, she was in Tallinn for maintenance and repainting. On 6 May she made her first voyage on the Riga–Stockholm route. In April 2014, on board a passenger was found dead from unknown causes. MS Isabelle MS ""Isabelle is a cruiseferry owned and operated by the Estonia-based Tallink. She was built in 1989 by Brodosplit in Split, Croatia, back then Yugoslavia, for SF Line—one of the partners in the Viking Line consortium—as Isabella"". The ship is currently serving the Riga–Stockholm"
"2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash On 10 April 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft of the Polish Air Force crashed near the city of Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 people on board. Among the victims were the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria, the former President of Poland in exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, the chief of the Polish General Staff and other senior Polish military officers, the president of the National Bank of Poland, Polish Government officials, 18 members of the Polish Parliament, senior members of the Polish clergy and relatives of victims of the Katyn massacre. The"
"after it occurred. Captain Markov was absent from the bridge. The inquiry took place in 1987 in Odessa. Both Captains Markov and Tkachenko were found guilty of criminal negligence and sentenced to 15 years in prison. Both were released in 1992. SS Admiral Nakhimov SS ""Admiral Nakhimov (), launched in March 1925 and originally named SS ""Berlin, was a passenger liner of the German Weimar Republic later converted to a hospital ship, then a Soviet passenger ship. On 31 August 1986, ""Admiral Nakhimov"" collided with the large bulk carrier ""Pyotr Vasev"" in the Tsemes Bay, near the port of Novorossiysk,"
"W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at Malta. On 26 July 1991, while on a cruise to Svalbard a television exploded on board, injuring three people. In December of the same year the ship was re-registered to Nassau, Bahamas as ""Maxim Gorkiy"". Following the collapse of the Soviet Union she was transferred to the fleet of Sovcomflot, who continued chartering her to Phoenix Reisen. Sometime between 2004 and 2006 ""Maxim Gorkiy"" finally received the green/white livery of Phoenix Reisen. Her long-term charter to Phoenix Reisen ended on 30 November 2008, and Phoenix Reisen did not extend the charter due to the"
"service provider in Europe to control the whole of its country's airspace. On 1 July 2002 a Tupolev Tu-154 of BAL Bashkirian Airlines of the Republic of Bashkortostan in Russia and a Boeing 757 of DHL Express collided at an altitude of 12,000 metres in skyguide-controlled Southern German airspace over the town of Überlingen on Lake Constance. 71 people died. Four skyguide employees were subsequently sentenced by a court. On 24 February 2004, Peter Nielsen, the air traffic controller who had been on duty at the time, was stabbed to death by Vitaly Kaloyev, who had lost his wife and"
"of Phoenix Reisen. In 1989 ""Maksim Gorkiy"" made headlines twice. On around midnight on 19 June 1989 she hit an ice floe while on a cruise near Svalbard and begun to sink rapidly. All passengers and a third of the crew were instructed to abandon ship, while the Norwegian coast guard vessel ""Senja"" was dispatched to assist. By the time ""Senja"" arrived on the scene some three hours later, ""Maksim Gorkiy"" was already partially submerged. The passengers were evacuated from the lifeboats and ice floes by helicopters and ""Senja"", taken to Svalbard and later flown back to Germany. Meanwhile the"
"Niš (boat) The sinking of the ferry Niš (, ), which occurred on 9 September 1952, is the deadliest ship accident in Serbia, either military or civilian, and the deadliest river accident in Yugoslavia. As a result of a freak storm above the mouth of the Sava into the Danube, at least 127 people were killed, but the exact number of fatalities remains unknown. The shipwreck has been labeled as the ""Danubian Titanic"". The passenger ferries ""Zagreb"" and ""Niš"" operated on the ferry line Zemun-Belgrade, across the rivers of Danube and Sava. As Belgrade had no motorway bridges across the"
"into the possession of Ramm family. Because of the deteriorated condition of the manor, the von Ramm family did not want it and gave it unconditionally to Estonia as a gift. The manor was bought by a group of Nordic businessmen in 1994, who wanted to renovate it, but died returning home by the passenger ferry MS ""Estonia"", which sank on September 28, 1994. Eventually a Finnish businessman, Timo Lemberg, became the owner of the manor, and resumed its restoration. Vihterpalu manor was restored in the beginning of 21st century. Now Vihterpalu Manor is a popular manor centre, offering an"
"to the Third Destroyer Division of the Baltic Fleet. During the evacuation of the Soviet Navy from Tallinn to Kronstadt during Operation Barbarossa, ""Yakov Sverdlov"" was assigned as an escort to the flagship . During the operation, she hit a mine and sank near Cape Juminda on 28 August 1941. Soviet destroyer Yakov Sverdlov Yakov Sverdlov was a destroyer of the Soviet Navy that served in the Baltic Fleet during World War I and World War II. Originally known as , she was renamed ""Yakov Sverdlov"" in 1923. She was a training ship when Operation Barbarossa began, but was recalled"
"helped by satellite images telling where sea ice was. In July 2018, a crew member shot and killed a polar bear in the Svalbard archipelago. The company claimed that the incident could not have been avoided and was an act of self-defense. MS Bremen MS ""Bremen"", is a cruise ship operated by Hapag Lloyd since 1993. She was built as ""Frontier Spirit"" at the Mitsubishi Shipyard, Kobe, Japan, in 1990. During a storm in the Southern Atlantic in March 2001, a rogue wave caused heavy damage, even breaking a window on the bridge. It left the ship adrift for two"
"874 ton ""Kong Haakon"", was one of those which took off her passengers. One life was lost in an accident during the transfer to the passenger ship. 4 people lost their life total. Other ships involved in the rescue of the 323 crew and 975 passengers were the French inspection vessel ""Ardente"" and the Norwegian ships ""Kong Harald"", ""Kronprinsesse Martha"", ""Kvitsøy"" and ""Stavanger"". A firm of shipbreakers from Stavanger broke up the ship where she lay. Remnants of the wreck remain near the shore, between and depth. USS Zeppelin (1914) USS ""Zeppelin was a passenger liner launched in 1914 as"
"in 1994 (again at HDW Kiel) raised the top speed to and allowed for a mixed operation of turbines and diesel engines. September of the same year MS ""Estonia"", Finnjet's former fleetmate, sank during a heavy storm on the North Baltic. Finnjet was amongst the ferries used to search for survivors on the disaster area but she had to leave soon when cars carried on her upper cardeck started moving in the heavy seas, creating another potentially dangerous situation. In 1997 Finnjet was docked at Götaverken Cityvarvet, Gothenburg and rebuilt with a larger tax-free shop in preparation for her new"