Which dot-com company that had its heyday in the 90s is credited with the development of the Secure Sockets Layer Protocol for secure online communication as well as with JavaScript?
"who worked under its CEO James Barksdale and founder Marc Andreessen. Netscape developed the Secure Sockets Layer Protocol or ""SSL"" for securing online communication which is still widely used as well as JavaScript. Currie became its chief financial officer in 1995 when the company went public. He was Chief Administrative Officer at Netscape from July 1997 until March 1999. In addition to financial management, Currie was responsible for human resources, information technology, facilities, and operations departments. Currie owned at least 37,500 shares of stock in Netscape which he sold in 1996, according to one report. Netscape was valued at $5"
"and quantities of messages that are sent. The introduction and rapid growth of e-commerce on the world wide web in the mid-1990s made it obvious that some form of authentication and encryption was needed. Netscape took the first shot at a new standard. At the time, the dominant web browser was Netscape Navigator. Netscape created a standard called secure socket layer (SSL). SSL requires a server with a certificate. When a client requests access to an SSL-secured server, the server sends a copy of the certificate to the client. The SSL client checks this certificate (all web browsers come with"
"Netscape Netscape is a brand name associated with the development of the Netscape web browser. It is now owned by Oath, Inc., a subsidiary of Verizon. The brand belonged to the Netscape Communications Corporation (formerly Mosaic Communications Corporation), an independent American computer services company, whose headquarters were in Mountain View, California, and later Dulles, Virginia. The browser was once dominant but lost to Internet Explorer and other competitors after the so-called first browser war, its market share falling from more than 90 percent in the mid-1990s to less than 1 percent in 2006. Netscape is credited with creating the JavaScript"
"Private Communications Technology Private Communications Technology (PCT) 1.0 was a protocol developed by Microsoft in the mid-1990s. PCT was designed to address security flaws in version 2.0 of Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer protocol and to force Netscape to hand control of the then-proprietary SSL protocol to an open standards body. PCT has since been superseded by SSLv3 and Transport Layer Security. For a while it was still supported by Internet Explorer, but PCT 1.0 has been disabled since IE 5. It is still found in IIS and in the Windows operating system libraries, although in Windows Server 2003 it is"
"Socket (telecommunications) Socket is a Missouri-based telecommunications provider, with its headquarters in Columbia, Missouri. Socket is a privately held company and offers local and long distance phone service, DSL and fiber-optic internet, and data solutions to residents and businesses across Missouri. Founded in 1994 by George Pfenenger and John Dupuy, Socket Internet quickly became the largest local internet provider in Missouri. In 2001 Inc. (magazine) ranked Socket Internet 136th on its list of America's Top 500 Fastest-Growing Privately Held Companies, an award it would win three times. Also in 2001, Technology Fast 50 ranked Socket 4th in The Fast 50,"
"disabled by default. Due to its near disuse, it is arguably a security risk, as it has received less attention in testing than commonly used protocols, and there is little incentive for Microsoft to expend effort on maintaining its implementation of it. Private Communications Technology Private Communications Technology (PCT) 1.0 was a protocol developed by Microsoft in the mid-1990s. PCT was designed to address security flaws in version 2.0 of Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer protocol and to force Netscape to hand control of the then-proprietary SSL protocol to an open standards body. PCT has since been superseded by SSLv3 and"
"the 1990s. In 1995, John Morgridge was succeeded by John Chambers. The Internet Protocol (IP) became widely adopted in the mid-to-late 1990s. Cisco introduced products ranging from modem access shelves (AS5200) to core GSR routers, making them a major player in the market. In late March 2000, at the height of the dot-com bubble, Cisco became the most valuable company in the world, with a market capitalization of more than $500 billion. As of July 2014, with a market cap of about US$129 billion, it was still one of the most valuable companies. The perceived complexity of programming routing functions"
"systems which also provided voice response and handprint processing pre-date the Internet and the World Wide Web, the IBM PC, and Microsoft MS-DOS, and were installed mainly in the UK by large corporations. The first World Wide Web server and browser, created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, opened for commercial use in 1991. Thereafter, subsequent technological innovations emerged in 1994: online banking, the opening of an online pizza shop by Pizza Hut, Netscape's SSL v2 encryption standard for secure data transfer, and Intershop's first online shopping system. The first secure retail transaction over the Web was either by NetMarket or"
"the application layer wrapper, Secure Sockets Layer. This protocol enabled applications to communicate across a network in a private and secure fashion, discouraging eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery. While it could add security to any protocol that uses reliable connections, such as TCP, it was most commonly used by Netscape with HTTP to form HTTPS. The SSL protocol was eventually applied to FTP, with a draft Request for Comments (RFC) published in late 1996. An official IANA port was registered shortly thereafter. However, the RFC was not finalized until 2005. Two separate methods were developed to invoke client security for"
"Transport Layer Security Transport Layer Security (TLS), and its now-deprecated predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network. Several versions of the protocols find widespread use in applications such as web browsing, email, instant messaging, and voice over IP (VoIP). Websites can use TLS to secure all communications between their servers and web browsers. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide privacy and data integrity between two or more communicating computer applications. When secured by TLS, connections between a client (e.g., a web browser) and a server (e.g., wikipedia.org) should have"
"in 1995 by Tatu Ylönen, who designed the first version of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol and software, some parts of which are still today included in OpenSSH. He continues to work for the company full-time. The current CEO is Kaisa Olkkonen. The company has been listed on the Nasdaq Nordic since 2000. SSH Communications Security SSH Communications Security Corp. () is a cybersecurity company focusing on encryption and access control solutions to help its customers meet compliance requirements, improve their security posture, and save on operational costs. According to the company, their products ""secure privileged access, management of credentials"
"when Netscape invented the SSL security protocol. The NSS software crypto module has been validated five times (1997, 1999, 2002, 2007, and 2010) for conformance to FIPS 140 at Security Levels 1 and 2. NSS was the first open source cryptographic library to receive FIPS 140 validation. The NSS libraries passed the NISCC TLS/SSL and S/MIME test suites (1.6 million test cases of invalid input data). AOL, Red Hat, Sun Microsystems/Oracle Corporation, Google and other companies and individual contributors have co-developed NSS. Mozilla provides the source code repository, bug tracking system, and infrastructure for mailing lists and discussion groups. They"
"differed in their approach to security, with Spyglass using the Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (SHTTP), while Netscape used its own Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). Spyglass did not offer their server as a retail product, instead licensing it in volume to original equipment manufacturers, as it did with its browser. The largest licensee was Oracle Corporation. On March 26, 2000, OpenTV bought out Spyglass in a stock swap worth $2.5 billion. The acquisition was completed July 24, 2000. In the deal, they received both Device Mosaic, an embedded web browser, and Prism, a content delivery and transformation system. Spyglass, Inc. Spyglass,"
"Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (S-HTTP) is an obsolete alternative to the HTTPS protocol for encrypting web communications carried over HTTP. It was developed by Eric Rescorla and Allan M. Schiffman, and published in 1999 as RFC 2660. Web browsers typically use HTTP to communicate with web servers, sending and receiving information without encrypting it. For sensitive transactions, such as Internet e-commerce or online access to financial accounts, the browser and server must encrypt this information. HTTPS and S-HTTP were both defined in the mid-1990s to address this need. S-HTTP was used by Spyglass's web server, while"
"has approved a variety of devices for securing Internet Protocol communications. These have been used to secure the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet), among other uses. The first commercial network layer encryption device was the Motorola Network Encryption System (NES). The system used the SP3 and KMP protocols defined by the NSA Secure Data Network System (SDNS) and were the direct precursors to IPsec. The NES was built in a three part architecture that used a small cryptographic security kernel to separate the trusted and untrusted network protocol stacks. The SDNS program defined a Message Security Protocol (MSP) that"
"the $28 million 1995 acquisition of Enterprise Integration Technologies, the company that developed the Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol(S-HTTP), and a $4 million equity investment in CyberCash, Inc., led by Verifone founder William Melton, and with 1996 partnership agreements with Internet browser leaders Netscape, Oracle Corporation, and Microsoft, Verifone has rolled out a suite of software products targeted at consumers, merchants, and financial institutions allowing secure purchases and other transactions online. Purchases over the Internet, which still produced as little as $10 million in 1995, are expected to reach into the billions by the turn of the century. Verifone has also"
"novel and a major change in the direction of network security research in 1993. This approach enabled secure e-commerce a few years later. SNP won the 2004 ACM Software System Award. Today’s secure sockets layers (SSL and TLS) designed and deployed later by industry are widely used for securing transactions between Web browsers and servers for e-commerce, as well as other Internet applications including email, instant messaging, and VoIP. He was awarded the 2004 W. Wallace McDowell Award with the citation “For outstanding fundamental contributions in network protocols and security services.” Simon S. Lam Simon Sin-Sing Lam (林善成) is Professor"
"NeoAccel NeoAccel is a multinational company that sells computer network security products direct to the end-user and through OEM relationships. The company is best known for its SSL VPN-Plus product and related ICAA & TSSL technology. The company is headquartered in San Jose, California, USA with development and support offices in Navi Mumbai & Pune, India. NeoAccel was founded in 2004 by former NetScaler (purchased by Citrix) CEO & Founder, Michel Susai. NetScaler developed the technology that currently accelerates 75% of the world's internet traffic for companies like Google, Yahoo, and AOL. NetScaler was purchased by Citrix in 2005 for"
"of private LANs and WANs include armed forces and intelligence agencies that must keep their information secure and secret. In the mid-1980s, several sets of communication protocols emerged to fill the gaps between the data-link layer and the application layer of the OSI reference model. These included Appletalk, IPX, and NetBIOS with the dominant protocol set during the early 1990s being IPX due to its popularity with MS-DOS users. TCP/IP existed at this point, but it was typically only used by large government and research facilities. As the Internet grew in popularity and its traffic was required to be routed"
"very concerned about credit card security. The most common web technologies for improving security between browsers and websites are named SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), and its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security), identity management and authentication services, and domain name services allow companies and consumers to engage in secure communications and commerce. Several versions of SSL and TLS are commonly used today in applications such as web browsing, e-mail, internet faxing, instant messaging, and VoIP (voice-over-IP). There are various interoperable implementations of these technologies, including at least one implementation that is open source. Open source allows anyone to view the application's"
"in 1999. An updated version of this product is still offered today as SecureMail Desktop. Several products have been added since that time. Other products sold include: SecureMail Gateway– an email encryption filter<br> SecureContact– inbound-initiated email encryption<br> Secure File Transfer– file delivery encryption<br> eForms– secure electronic form delivery <br> DataMotion Direct– Secure email and file delivery for healthcare through the Direct Project DataMotion DataMotion, Inc. is a privately held company based in Florham Park, NJ. The company was founded in 1999 by Mahesh Muchhala and Bob Janacek as a spin-off of SafetyNet. <br> Originally called CertifiedMail.com and based in Springfield,"
"concept of secure sockets for securing Internet applications (providing end-point authentication, data confidentiality, and data integrity). In 1993, they implemented the first secure sockets layer, named Secure Network Programming (SNP), with the goal of achieving “secure network programming for the masses.” They demonstrated SNP to the project’s NSA program managers. They presented the case for secure sockets and SNP performance results at the USENIX Summer Technical Conference, June 1994. SNP was designed as an application sublayer on top of transport-layer sockets. It provides to Internet applications a secure sockets API that closely resembles the sockets API. The SNP approach was"
"Comodo Group Comodo is a cybersecurity company headquartered in Clifton, New Jersey in the United States. From February 3, 2017, to March 22, 2018, Comodo was the largest issuer of SSL certificates. The company was founded in 1998 in the United Kingdom by Melih Abdulhayoğlu. The company relocated to the United States in 2004. Its products are focused on computer and internet security. The firm operates a Certificate Authority that issues SSL certificates, and offers information security products for both enterprises and consumers. The company also helped on setting standards by contributing to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) DNS"
"TeleSign TeleSign Corporation is a Communications Platform as a Service company, founded on security, based in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 2005, by Darren Berkovitz, Ryan Disraeliand Stacy Stubblefield, the company mainly provides Two-factor authentication services, a secure supplementary method of preventing illicit access to online accounts used by many companies like iTunes, Yahoo, Gmail, Outlook, Twitter, Facebook, Bank of America, Chase, Discover, PayPal, Etsy, Salesforce, and more. The company also offers a variety of cloud communications APIs via a self-service portal. Aled Miles is the current CEO of the company. TeleSign was an early project of the technology incubator"
"patent protection for Internet service providers' use of hyperlinks, protecting the providers from licensing fees related to this integral part of Internet technology. British Telecommunications plc (BT) developed technology related to computer networking. BT was granted the ""Sargent Patent (U.S. Patent No. 4,873,662)"" by the United States Patent and Trademark Office on October 10, 1989. The patent application had been filed 12 years prior, in July 1977, and underwent many changes during the ensuing years. The patent described a system in which multiple users, each located at a remote terminal, could access data stored at a central computer. A user"
"Although this work demonstrated vulnerability of HTTPS to traffic analysis, the approach presented by the authors required manual analysis and focused specifically on web applications protected by HTTPS. The fact that most modern websites, including Google, Yahoo!, and Amazon, use HTTPS causes problems for many users trying to access public Wi-Fi hot spots, because a Wi-Fi hot spot login page fails to load if the user tries to open an HTTPS resource. Several websites, such as neverssl.com or nonhttps.com, guarantee that they will always remain accessible by HTTP. Netscape Communications created HTTPS in 1994 for its Netscape Navigator web browser."
"the United States. The SPAM trademark dispute was widely publicized since the dispute would have forced the company into bankruptcy had Hormel Foods won. Three years after Spam Cube released its technology, Cisco Systems teamed up with Trend Micro to manufacture the Linksys Home Network Defender. Linksys and Trend Micro now compete directly with Spam Cube for market share in the embedded device SaaS market. Spam Cube Spam Cube, Inc was a high-tech startup company based in the midtown area of New York City. The company invented and manufactured the Spam Cube, a SaaS (Security As A Service) network security"
"the company introduced AppScan the world's first Web Security Vulnerability Assessment solution. Among the first clients for AppScan were Yahoo!, Bank of America and AT&T. Sanctum (company) Sanctum was a Santa Clara, California-based information technology company focused on application security. Sanctum was credited for inventing the application security space in the mid-'90s with its firewall, AppShield, and scanner, AppScan, when it foresaw the need for better application-layer security for Web environments. In 2003 Sanctum was merged with Watchfire and the company was subsequently acquired by IBM. Sanctum was founded in 1997 as Perfecto Technologies, by Eran Reshef and Gili Raanan."
"programming language, the most widely used language for client-side scripting of web pages. The company is also known for developing SSL which was used for securing online communications before its successor TLS took over. Netscape stock traded from 1995 until 1999 when the company was acquired by AOL in a pooling-of-interests transaction ultimately worth US $10 billion. Shortly before its acquisition by AOL, Netscape released the source code for its browser and created the Mozilla Organization to coordinate future development of its product. The Mozilla Organization rewrote the entire browser's source code based on the Gecko rendering engine; all future"
"conversation can take place between the client and the server. The communications are done over TCP port number 80 (or 443 in the case of TLS-encrypted connections), which is of benefit for those environments which block non-web Internet connections using a firewall. Similar two-way browser-server communications have been achieved in non-standardized ways using stopgap technologies such as Comet. The WebSocket protocol is currently supported in most major browsers including Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari and Opera. WebSocket also requires web applications on the server to support it. Unlike HTTP, WebSocket provides full-duplex communication. Additionally, WebSocket enables streams"
"the mobile Web grew in popularity, services like Gmail.com, Outlook.com, Myspace.com, Facebook.com and Twitter.com are most often mentioned without adding ""www."" (or, indeed, "".com"") to the domain. The scheme specifiers ""<nowiki>http://</nowiki>"" and ""<nowiki>https://</nowiki>"" at the start of a web URI refer to Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP Secure, respectively. They specify the communication protocol to use for the request and response. The HTTP protocol is fundamental to the operation of the World Wide Web, and the added encryption layer in HTTPS is essential when browsers send or retrieve confidential data, such as passwords or banking information. Web browsers usually automatically"
"potential by developing common protocols that promote its evolution and ensure its interoperability."" This discouraged any one company from monopolizing a propriety browser and programming language, which could have altered the effect of the World Wide Web as a whole. The W3C continues to set standards, which can today be seen with JavaScript. In 1994 Andreessen formed Communications Corp. that later became known as Netscape Communications, the Netscape 0.9 browser. Netscape created its own HTML tags without regard to the traditional standards process. For example, Netscape 1.1 included tags for changing background colours and formatting text with tables on web"
"website for Symbolics Computer Corp. in Massachusetts, was the first registered domain. 1986: The National Science Foundation’s NSFNET goes online to connected supercomputer centers at 56,000 bits per second — the speed of a typical dial-up computer modem. 1987: The number of hosts on the Internet exceeds 20,000. Cisco ships its first router. 1989: World.std.com becomes the first commercial provider of dial-up access to the Internet. 1990: Tim Berners-Lee develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML). This technology continues to have a large impact on ways how humans view and navigate the Internet in present days. 1991: CERN introduces the World Wide"