How is the bird Erithacus rubecula more commonly known?
"its range except the far north. The term ""robin"" is also applied to some birds in other families with red or orange breasts. These include the American robin (""Turdus migratorius""), which is a thrush, and the Australasian robins of the family Petroicidae, the relationships of which are unclear. The European robin was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" under the binomial name ""Motacilla rubecula"". Its specific epithet ""rubecula"" is a diminutive derived from the Latin ""ruber"" 'red'. The genus ""Erithacus"" was introduced by French naturalist Georges Cuvier in 1800, giving the bird"
"of Robert. Other older English names for the bird include ""ruddock"" and ""robinet"". In American literature of the late 19th century, this robin was frequently called the ""English robin"". Dutch ""roodborstje"", French ""rouge-gorge"", German ""Rotkehlchen"", Italian ""pettirosso"" and Spanish ""petirrojo"" all refer to the distinctively coloured front. The robin belongs to a group of mainly insectivorous birds that have been variously assigned to the thrushes or ""flycatchers"", depending on how these groups were perceived taxonomically. Eventually, the flycatcher-thrush assemblage was re-analysed and the genus ""Erithacus"" assigned to a group of thrush-like true flycatchers, the tribe Saxicolini, that also includes the"
"subspecies that he named ""P. rubicauda erubescens"", due to their larger overall size, more robust bill and prominent reddish tinge to plumage. He also classified ""P. melanorhynchus"" and ""P. novae-hollandiae"" as juveniles. Australian amateur ornithologist Gregory Mathews then applied the name ""P. rubicauda roseotinctus"" to Rothschild's ""P. rubicauda erubescens"". ""Red-tailed tropicbird"" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). Other common names include red-tailed bos'nbird or silver bos'nbird, the name derived from the semblance of the tail feathers to a boatswain's marlin spikes, and strawtail. The Māori call it ""amokura"", ""tawake"", ""ko’ae"" or "" ’ula"", while"
"of a female bird in the Watling drawings. He coined the English name ""red-breasted tody"" and classified it in the genus ""Todus"". Its specific name, ""rubecula"", comes from the Latin for robin. A local name around Sydney is frogbird, derived from its guttural call. Other variants of its common name include blue- or leaden-coloured flycatcher, leaden Myiagra and leaden Myiagra flycatcher. The leaden flycatcher is a member of a group of birds termed monarch flycatchers. This group is considered either as a subfamily Monarchinae, together with the fantails as part of the drongo family Dicruridae, or as a family Monarchidae"
"Common nightingale The common nightingale or simply nightingale (""Luscinia megarhynchos""), also known as rufous nightingale, is a small passerine bird best known for its powerful and beautiful song. It was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher, Muscicapidae. It belongs to a group of more terrestrial species, often called chats. ""Nightingale"" is derived from ""night"", and the Old English ""galan"", ""to sing"". The genus name ""Luscinia"" is Latin for ""nightingale"" and ""megarhynchos"" is from Ancient Greek ""megas"", ""great"" and ""rhunkhos"" ""bill"". The common nightingale is"
"Royal Society. It was one of the many bird species originally described by Linnaeus in the landmark 1758 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"", and still bears its original scientific name, ""Phaethon aethereus"". The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ""phaethon"", ""sun"" while the species name comes from Latin ""aetherius"", ""heavenly"". This bird is called the red-billed tropicbird due to its red bill and its location in the tropicbird genus. An alternative common name was ""bosun bird"", also spelt ""boatswain bird"", from the similarity of its shrill call to a boatswain's whistle. An alternative derivation of the name is"
"of the red rail, while noting it supposedly had a straighter beak (as described by Leguat). Milne-Edwards coined the generic name ""Erythromachus"" from the Greek words for ""red"" and ""battle"" (also translated as ""hostile to red""), in reference to its attraction to red objects, and the specific name is in honour of Leguat. The name ""Erythromachus"" was incorrectly explained as referring to the Erythraean sea by the American ornithologist Charles Wallace Richmond in 1908. The name ""Miserythrus"", from ""red"" and ""hatred"", was used by the English ornithologist Alfred Newton in 1874 (originally only in a manuscript), and also refers to"
"a further thirteen days. Common redpoll The common redpoll (""Acanthis flammea"") is a species of bird in the finch family. It breeds somewhat further south than the Arctic redpoll, also in habitats with thickets or shrubs. The common redpoll was listed in 1758 by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" under the binomial name ""Fringilla flammea"". The current genus name ""Acanthis"" is from the Ancient Greek ""akanthis"", a name for a small now-unidentifiable bird, and ""flammea"" is the Latin for ""flame-coloured"". The common redpoll was previously placed in the genus ""Carduelis"". Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the"
"Redthroat The redthroat (""Pyrrholaemus brunneus"") is a small, mostly ground-dwelling species of bird in the family Acanthizidae. It is endemic to Australia, occurring mostly in arid and semi-arid areas containing acacia and chenopod shrublands. The species has a distinctive red throat patch and is able to mimic the calls of numerous other bird species. The first formal description of the redthroat was by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould in 1841 under the present binomial name ""Pyrrholaemus brunneus"". The name of the genus ""Pyrrholaemus"" is from classical Greek ""purrhos"" meaning ""flame-coloured"" or ""red"" and ""laimos"" for ""throat"". The"
"species was subsequently designated as the red-breasted parakeet. The name of the genus is a diminutive of the Latin word ""psittacus"" for a ""parrot"". The genus includes 16 species, of which 3 are extinct. The Rothschild's or intermediate parakeet ""P. intermedia"", found in northern India, was formerly considered a mystery, as only very few specimens were known. It has since been demonstrated to be a hybrid between the slaty-headed parakeet ""P. himalayana"" and the plum-headed parakeet ""P. cyanocephala"". The taxonomy of the Réunion parakeet ""P. eques"" is also confusing. Extinct since 1770, little evidence even exists of the bird's existence."
"forests. Until around the 1980s, very few people had managed to see one alive; however, they are currently regarded as a least concern by the IUCN due to their large range; however, the population has experienced an ongoing decrease. Rufous potoo The rufous potoo (""Nyctibius bracteatus"") is a species of bird in the Nyctibiidae family. Its common name refers to its rufous, or reddish-brown color. Their species name ""bracteatus"" is Latin for ""gold-leaf"". The rufous potoo is the smallest member of its genus, and extremely well-camouflaged, being almost invisible among dead leaves, trees and other plants. Its body is, like"
"Spotted redshank The spotted redshank (""Tringa erythropus"") is a wader (shorebird) in the large bird family Scolopacidae. The genus name ""Tringa"" is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ""trungas"", a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific ""erythropus"" is from Ancient Greek ""eruthros"", ""red"", and ""pous"", ""foot"". It breeds across northern Scandinavia and northern Asia and migrates south to the Mediterranean, the southern British Isles, France, tropical Africa, and tropical Asia for the winter. It is an occasional vagrant to Australia and North America. The spotted"
"thus not considered a threatened species by the IUCN. Common redshank The common redshank or simply redshank (""Tringa totanus"") is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae. The genus name ""Tringa"" is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ""trungas"", a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific ""totanus"" is from ""Tótano"", the Italian name for this bird. Common redshanks in breeding plumage are a marbled brown color, slightly lighter below. In winter plumage they become somewhat lighter-toned and less patterned, being rather plain greyish-brown above"
"work, ""Systema Naturae"" under its current binomial name. Its scientific name is derived from Latin, ""struthio"" meaning ""ostrich"" and ""camelus"" meaning ""camel"", alluding to its dry habitat. The common ostrich belongs to the ratite order Struthioniformes. Other members include rheas, emus, cassowaries, moa, kiwi and the largest known bird ever, the now-extinct elephant bird (""Aepyornis""). However, the classification of the ratites as a single order has always been questioned, with the alternative classification restricting the Struthioniformes to the ostrich lineage and elevating the other groups. Four living subspecies are recognised: Some analyses indicate that the Somali ostrich is now considered"
"nutcracker was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th century work, ""Systema Naturae"", and it still bears its original name of ""Nucifraga caryocatactes"". The scientific name is a reduplication; ""Nucifraga"" is a New Latin translation of German ""Nussbrecher"", ""nut-breaker"" based on Latin ""nucis"" ""nut"", and ""frangere"", ""to shatter"", and ""caryocatactes"" based on Greek: ""karuon"" ""nut"", and ""kataseio"", ""to shatter"". The common English name ""nutcracker"" first appears in 1693 in a translation of a German travel guide, where it is a calque on the German name ""Nußknacker"", as the bird was not recorded in England until"
"Common redpoll The common redpoll (""Acanthis flammea"") is a species of bird in the finch family. It breeds somewhat further south than the Arctic redpoll, also in habitats with thickets or shrubs. The common redpoll was listed in 1758 by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his ""Systema Naturae"" under the binomial name ""Fringilla flammea"". The current genus name ""Acanthis"" is from the Ancient Greek ""akanthis"", a name for a small now-unidentifiable bird, and ""flammea"" is the Latin for ""flame-coloured"". The common redpoll was previously placed in the genus ""Carduelis"". Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the Arctic and common redpolls"
"the English group name for both, with the Mauritian birds using the scientific name ""Psittacula eques echo"". Its scientific name change from ""Psittacula echo"" had recently found widespread approval. A wealth of circumstantial evidence nowadays suggests that the hypothesized Réunion parakeet (described earlier as ""Psittacula eques"", based on a painting and hearsay reports) did indeed exist. The Réunion birds were the closest relatives, and presumably conspecific, with the Mauritius ones. A study skin had been discovered at the Royal Museum of Scotland, explicitly referencing a book description of the Réunion birds. This may be the only material proof of these"
"southern Espinhaço Mountains is not entirely restricted to rocky habitats, which makes the name rock tapaculo less than perfect. Rock tapaculo The rock tapaculo or Espinhaço tapaculo (""Scytalopus petrophilus"") is a species of bird in the Rhinocryptidae family. It is endemic to altitudes of in the central and southern Espinhaço Mountains, and the Mantiqueira Mountains in Minas Gerais, Brazil, though it may also occur in adjacent parts of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It is found in shrubby and grassy habitats in rocky regions, and in elfin and cloud forests. It closely resembles the Diamantina tapaculo and Planalto tapaculo"
"was the red-rumped cacique. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name ""Oriolus haemorrhous"" and cited Brisson's work. The specific name ""haemorrhous"" combines the Ancient Greek words ""haima"" ""blood"" and ""orrhos"" ""rump"". The red-rumped cacique is now the type species in the genus ""Cacicus"" that introduced by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799. Red-rumped cacique The red-rumped cacique (""Cacicus haemorrhous"") is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is a species of the Amazon Basin and the Guyanas in northern South America, and is only coastal there in the Guyanas and the Amazon River"
"science for the first time by Gustav Hartlaub in 1848, who named it ""Ploceus erythrops"". In 1951, Hans von Boetticher regarded the cardinal quelea and red-headed quelea sufficiently different from the red-billed quelea to create a new genus ""Queleopsis"". The species epithet ""erythrops"" derives from the Greek word ἐρυθρός (eruthros), meaning ""red"" and ὄψ (ops) meaning ""eye"" or ""face"", referring to the rufous or red face. Ludwig Reichenbach gave the species its first English name in 1863: red-headed dioch. Other vernacular names in the English language include pokerhead, and red-headed weaver. Its vernacular name in Swahili is ""kwelea kichwa-chekundu"". Based"
"Rufous potoo The rufous potoo (""Nyctibius bracteatus"") is a species of bird in the Nyctibiidae family. Its common name refers to its rufous, or reddish-brown color. Their species name ""bracteatus"" is Latin for ""gold-leaf"". The rufous potoo is the smallest member of its genus, and extremely well-camouflaged, being almost invisible among dead leaves, trees and other plants. Its body is, like the common name implies, rufous with white spots on the underbody. To improve their camouflage even further, they will rock back and forth while roosting to even closer resemble a dead leaf. They sing almost exclusively on full moons."
"break the shape of the nest and to cause it to resemble random debris without any underlying structure. This is considered as a case of protection of its nest from predators by camouflage or ""masquerade"". Red-faced spinetail The red-faced spinetail (""Cranioleuca erythrops"") is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The red-faced spinetail measures long. The bird is named for its distinctive rufous cheeks and crown. The wings are also rufous. The back and nape are dark olive-brown, while"
"Common redshank The common redshank or simply redshank (""Tringa totanus"") is a Eurasian wader in the large family Scolopacidae. The genus name ""Tringa"" is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ""trungas"", a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbing wading bird mentioned by Aristotle. The specific ""totanus"" is from ""Tótano"", the Italian name for this bird. Common redshanks in breeding plumage are a marbled brown color, slightly lighter below. In winter plumage they become somewhat lighter-toned and less patterned, being rather plain greyish-brown above and whitish below. They have red legs and a"
"Himalayan rubythroat The Himalayan rubythroat (""Calliope pectoralis"") is a species of passerine bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is closely related to the Siberian rubythroat which however lacks the distinctive white tail-tips and white tail bases. It was also previously considered conspecific with the Chinese rubythroat, together called the white-tailed rubythroat. It is found along the Himalayan ranges from Afghanistan to Burma. Three subspecies are recognized across its wide range. The first formal description of the Himalayan rubythroat was by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould in 1837. He coined the binomial name ""Calliope pectoralis"". The species was"
"Lesser short-toed lark The lesser short-toed lark (""Alaudala rufescens"") is a small passerine bird found in southern Eurasia and northern Africa. It is a common bird with a very wide range and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of ""least concern"". Confusingly, Hume's short-toed lark is also sometimes called the lesser short-toed lark. The Lesser short-toed lark was originally described as belonging to the genus ""Alauda"". The genus name ""Alaudala"" is a diminutive of ""Alauda"", and the specific ""rufescens"" is Latin for ""reddish"", from ""rufus"" ""red"". Alternate names for the lesser short-toed"
"the eastern parts of its range. The nest is a well-concealed shallow open cup on the ground under vegetation. These birds migrate to the southern United States, Mexico, and northern Central America; they are passage migrants over much of the United States, except in the west. They forage on the ground in dense vegetation, mainly eating insects and seeds. They are very secretive. Their song is a musical trill, but this bird is often not seen or heard even where they are common. This bird was named by Audubon after his friend, Thomas Lincoln, of Dennysville, Maine. Lincoln shot the"
"Redwing The redwing (""Turdus iliacus"") is a bird in the thrush family, Turdidae, native to Europe and Asia, slightly smaller than the related song thrush. This species was first described by Linnaeus in his ""Systema naturae"" in 1758 under its current scientific name. The English name derives from the bird's red underwing. It is not closely related to the red-winged blackbird, a North American species sometimes nicknamed ""redwing"", which is an icterid, not a thrush. The binomial name derives from the Latin words ""turdus"", ""thrush"", and ""ile"" ""flank"". The redwing has two subspecies: It is 20–24 cm long with a"
"bird as ""Ardea dubia"" in 1789 while Latham later used the name ""Ardea argala"" for the Indian bird. Temminck used the name ""Ciconia marabou"" in 1824 based on the local name used in Senegal for the African bird and this was also applied to the Indian species. This led to considerable confusion between the African and Indian species. The marabou stork of Africa looks somewhat similar but their disjunct distribution ranges, differences in bill structure, plumage, and display behaviour support their treatment as separate species. Most storks fly with their neck outstretched, but the three ""Leptoptilos"" species retract their neck"
"Red-faced spinetail The red-faced spinetail (""Cranioleuca erythrops"") is a species of bird in the Furnariidae family. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. The red-faced spinetail measures long. The bird is named for its distinctive rufous cheeks and crown. The wings are also rufous. The back and nape are dark olive-brown, while the rest of the underparts are light olive-brown. This species often associates with mixed-species flocks. The red-faced spinetail places bits of grass and other material loosely streaming both above and below the nest chamber to"
"Rufous-bellied eagle The rufous-bellied eagle or rufous-bellied hawk-eagle (""Lophotriorchis kienerii"") is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like a falcon, this species was earlier placed in the genus ""Hieraaetus"" and sometimes also in the genus ""Aquila"" but thought to be distinctive enough to belong to a separate genus. This eagle was originally described as ""Astur kienerii"" on the basis of a specimen from the Himalayas. It was later moved to ""Limnaetus"" by Jerdon, the genus ""Lophotriorchis"" and still later to ""Hieraaetus"","
"Red-tailed hawk The red-tailed hawk (""Buteo jamaicensis"") is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies. It is one of the most common members within the genus of ""Buteo"" in North America or worldwide. The red-tailed hawk is one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the ""chickenhawk,"" though it rarely preys on standard-sized chickens. The bird is sometimes also referred to as the red-tail for short, when the meaning is clear in context. Red-tailed hawks"
"Rufous songlark The rufous songlark (""Cincloramphus mathewsi"") is a species in the family Locustellidae endemic to Australia. It is a species of Megaluridae, the Old World warblers, a successful passerine family. The rufous songlark was described by English ornithologist Tom Iredale in 1911. An alternative generic name ""Cincloramphus"" is derived from Greek words ""cinclus""/κιγκλος ""wagtail"" and ""ramphos""/ραμφος ""beak"", while the specific epithet honours Gregory Mathews. As well as rufous songlark, other common names include red-rumped songlark, rufous singing lark, and skylark. The rufous songlark is medium brown passerine songbird with a pattern of streaks on its feathers. ""Encyclopædia Britannica"" describes"
"However, the rufous owl, like many other birds, is subject to the threats of hunting, clearing of forests, and forest fires during the dry seasons. Rufous owl The rufous owl (""Ninox rufa""), also known as the rufous boobook, is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It was described in 1846 by John Gould, an English ornithologist. Its common name reflects the rufous-coloured feathers that these owls are covered with in adulthood. While it is uncommon, the species has a wide range, including Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. The rufous owl is a large owl species, ranging in"