Lapot in Romania, Ubasute in Japan and Ättestupa in the Nordic world are all terms for what custom in difficult times that is commonly associated with the Inuit?
"no longer work is ritually slain. The 1992 novel ""Lapot"" by Živojin Pavlović received the NIN Prize. In 2004, Italian news agency ANSA reported from Belgrade that an attempt by the Serbian government to introduce a law restricting free dispensing of life saving medicines to the over 60s had been described by the Serb media as a case of ""lapot"". Lapot Lapot is the mythical practice of senicide in Serbia: killing one's parents, or other elderly family members, once they become a financial burden on the family. According to T. R. Georgevitch (Đorđević), writing in 1918 about the eastern highlands"
"Inuit art Inuit art refers to artwork produced by Inuit people, that is, the people of the Arctic previously known as Eskimos, a term that is now often considered offensive outside Alaska. Historically, their preferred medium was walrus ivory, but since the establishment of southern markets for Inuit art in 1945, prints and figurative works carved in relatively soft stone such as soapstone, serpentinite, or argillite have also become popular. The Winnipeg Art Gallery claims to have the largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art in the world. In 2007, the Museum of Inuit Art opened in Toronto, but closed"
"because this is a meal shared with the guardian of the homestead, the ""tomte"" (""nisse"" in Danish and Norwegian, ""tonttu"" in Finnish), a land wight. The Þorrablót is an Icelandic tradition introduced in the 19th century, deliberately harking back to the term ""blót"" associated with pre-Christian times. Modern adherents of the reconstructionist Germanic neopaganism (in English-speaking countries also known as ""heathenism"") have developed traditions of ""blót"" rituals celebrated in a contemporary context since the 1970s. Blót The sacrifice involved aspects of a sacramental meal or feast. The cognate term ' or ' in Old English would have referred to comparable"
"with their gifts and not trained, although they have employed traditional ceremonies that involve drumming, singing, and dancing. Below is an incomplete list of Inuit deities believed to hold power over some specific part of the Inuit world: Inuit religion Inuit religion is the shared spiritual beliefs and practices of Inuit, an indigenous people from Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. Their religion shares many similarities with religions of other North Polar peoples. Traditional Inuit religious practices include animism and shamanism, in which spiritual healers mediate with spirits. Today many Inuit follow Christianity, but traditional Inuit spirituality continues as part of a"
"Inuit doll Inuit dolls are made out of soapstone and bone, materials common to the people of northern Alaska, Greenland and Northern Canada. Many are clothed with animal fur or skin. Their clothing articulates the traditional style of dress necessary to survive cold winters, wind, and snow. Dolls could have been gifts to young Inuit girls, to be used as teaching devices and passing down of culture. With these dolls, young girls learn various skills necessary for their survival such as skin preparation, cutting & sewing, proper use of materials, designs and significance of symbols in their cultures. Inuit dolls"
"Inuit The Inuit (; syllabics: , ""the people"", singular: ""Inuk"") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. The Inuit languages are part of the Eskimo-Aleut family. Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate used in Nunavut. In the United States and Canada, the term ""Eskimo"" was commonly used by ethnic Europeans to describe the Inuit and Siberia's and Alaska's Yupik and Iñupiat peoples. However, ""Inuit"" is not accepted as a term for the Yupik, and ""Eskimo"" is the only term that applies to Yupik, Iñupiat and Inuit. Since"
"in spiritual ceremonies to ask the spirits (see Inuit mythology) for good luck in hunting or gambling, as well as simple lullabies. Inuit music has long been noted for a stoic lack of work or love songs. These musical beginnings were modified with the arrival of European sailors, especially from Scotland and Ireland. Instruments like the accordion were popularized, and dances like the jig or reel became common. Scots-Irish derived American country music has been especially popular among Inuit in the 20th century. Katajjaq (also pirkusirtuk and nipaquhiit) is a type of traditional competitive song, considered a game, usually held"
"Ättestupa Ättestupa () is the mythical practice of senicide during Nordic prehistoric times: elderly people are said to have thrown themselves, or were thrown, to their deaths. According to legend, this was done when the old people were unable to support themselves or assist in a household. Even though there are many places in the Nordic countries that are said to have been used as ättestupa, today it is not thought that the practice actually existed, but that the notion of ättestupa is a persistent myth. Suicide precipices are mentioned in several sources from antiquity, e.g. Procopius in his description"
"Ättestupa Ättestupa () is the mythical practice of senicide during Nordic prehistoric times: elderly people are said to have thrown themselves, or were thrown, to their deaths. According to legend, this was done when the old people were unable to support themselves or assist in a household. Even though there are many places in the Nordic countries that are said to have been used as ättestupa, today it is not thought that the practice actually existed, but that the notion of ättestupa is a persistent myth. Suicide precipices are mentioned in several sources from antiquity, e.g. Procopius in his description"
"Inuksuk An inuksuk (plural inuksuit) (from the , plural ; alternatively ' in Inuinnaqtun, ' in Iñupiaq, in Greenlandic, and sometimes inukshuk in English) is a manmade stone landmark or cairn used by the Inuit, Iñupiat, Kalaallit, Yupik, and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America. These structures are found in northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska (United States). This combined region, above the Arctic Circle, is dominated by the tundra biome and has areas with few natural landmarks. The inuksuk may have been used for navigation, as a point of reference, a marker for travel routes, fishing places,"
"Nahuatl (Aztec) ""temāzcalli"" , Maya ""zumpul-ché"", and the Mixtec ""Ñihi""; in Canada and the United States, a number of First Nations and Native American cultures have various kinds of spiritual sweat lodges (Lakota: ""inipi"", Anishinaabemowin ""madoodiswan""). In Europe we find the Estonian ""saun"" (almost identical to the Finnish sauna), Russian ""banya"", Latvian ""pirts"", the European Jews' ""shvitz"", and the Swedish ""bastu"". In Asia the Japanese ""Mushi-Buro"" and the Korean ""jjimjilbang"". The Karo people of Indonesia have the ""oukup"". In some parts of Africa there is the ""sifutu"". Although cultures in all corners of the world have imported and adapted the"
"caribou antlers, ivory from marine mammals, and the bone of various animals. Inuit art Inuit art refers to artwork produced by Inuit people, that is, the people of the Arctic previously known as Eskimos, a term that is now often considered offensive outside Alaska. Historically, their preferred medium was walrus ivory, but since the establishment of southern markets for Inuit art in 1945, prints and figurative works carved in relatively soft stone such as soapstone, serpentinite, or argillite have also become popular. The Winnipeg Art Gallery claims to have the largest public collection of contemporary Inuit art in the world."
"camps, hunting grounds, places of veneration, drift fences used in hunting, or to mark a food cache. The Iñupiat in northern Alaska used inuksuit to assist in the herding of caribou into contained areas for slaughter. Varying in shape and size, the inuksuit have ancient roots in Inuit culture. Historically, the most common types of inuksuk are built with stone placed upon stone, and the simplest type of which is a single stone positioned in an upright manner. There is some debate as to whether the appearance of human- or cross-shaped cairns developed in the Inuit culture before the arrival"
"Piblokto Piblokto, also known as pibloktoq and Arctic hysteria, is a condition most commonly appearing in Inughuit (Greenlandic Inuit) societies living within the Arctic Circle. Piblokto is a culture-specific hysterical reaction in Inuit, especially women, who may perform irrational or dangerous acts, followed by amnesia for the event. Piblokto may be linked to repression of the personality of Inuit women. The condition appears most commonly in winter. It is considered to be a form of a culture-bound syndrome, although more recent studies (see ""Skepticism"" section) question whether it exists at all. Piblokto is also part of the glossary of cultural"
"symbolism is not shared with those outside the culture. While sacred pipes of various designs are used in ceremonies by a number of different Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, ""čhaŋnúŋpa"" is specifically the Lakota name for their type of ceremonial pipe and ceremony. Other nations have their own names for their pipes and ceremonies, in their particular indigenous languages. Chanunpa Čhaŋnúŋpa (in Standard Lakota Orthography) is the Sioux language name for the sacred, ceremonial pipe and the ceremony in which it is used. It is often spelled imprecisely as Chanunpa, Chanupa, or C'anupa. Lakota tradition has it that White Buffalo"
"refined foods, and extended education. David Pisurayak Kootook was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross, posthumously, for his heroic efforts in a 1972 plane crash. Inuit The Inuit (; syllabics: , ""the people"", singular: ""Inuk"") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. The Inuit languages are part of the Eskimo-Aleut family. Inuit Sign Language is a critically endangered language isolate used in Nunavut. In the United States and Canada, the term ""Eskimo"" was commonly used by ethnic Europeans to describe the Inuit and Siberia's and Alaska's Yupik and Iñupiat peoples. However,"
"Inuit music Traditional Inuit music, the music of the Inuit, has been based on drums used in dance music as far back as can be known, and a vocal style called ""katajjaq"" (Inuit throat singing) has become of interest in Canada and abroad. Yupik music is the music of the Yupik peoples. Eskimo music is Inuit-Yupik music. Iñupiat music is the music of the Iñupiat. Characteristics of Inuit music include: recitative-like singing, complex rhythmic organization, relatively small melodic range averaging about a sixth, prominence of major thirds and minor seconds melodically, with undulating melodic movement. The Copper Inuit living around"
"Inuit religion Inuit religion is the shared spiritual beliefs and practices of Inuit, an indigenous people from Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. Their religion shares many similarities with religions of other North Polar peoples. Traditional Inuit religious practices include animism and shamanism, in which spiritual healers mediate with spirits. Today many Inuit follow Christianity, but traditional Inuit spirituality continues as part of a living, oral tradition and part of contemporary Inuit society. Inuit who balance indigenous and Christian theology practice religious syncretism. Inuit cosmology provides a narrative about the world and the place of people within it. Rachel Attituq Qitsualik (Inuk)"
"simple but held to be necessary. According to a customary Inuit saying, By believing that all things, including animals, have souls like those of humans, any hunt that failed to show appropriate respect and customary supplication would only give the liberated spirits cause to avenge themselves. The harshness and unpredictability of life in the Arctic ensured that Inuit lived with concern for the uncontrollable, where a streak of bad luck could destroy an entire community. To offend a spirit was to risk its interference with an already marginal existence. The Inuit understood that they had to work in harmony with"
"Inuit culture Inuit describes the various groups of indigenous peoples who live throughout ""Inuit Nunangat"", that is the Inuvialuit Settlement Region of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut of Northern Canada, Nunavik in Quebec and Nunatsiavut in Labrador, as well as in Greenland. The term culture of the Inuit, therefore, refers primarily to these areas; however, parallels to other Eskimo groups can also be drawn. The traditional lifestyle of the Inuit is adapted to extreme climatic conditions; their essential skills for survival are hunting and trapping. Agriculture was never possible in the millions of square kilometres of tundra and icy coasts"
"Inuit, Netsilingmuit, and Inglulingmuit emerged. Between A.D. 900 and A.D. 1100 the Thule Tradition spread westward. The efficiency of housing was improved as they spread to the west and hunting methods were improved due to the use of dog sleds, umiaks, and kayaks. This enabled the hunters to travel further to hunt and follow the migration of the large game and sea mammals. After A.D. 1000 the practice of using polished slate for tool making continued to spread to the Aleutian Islands. The methods of pottery making also spread and replaced the Norton tradition in Southern Alaska. There were differences"
"Americans as part of a spiritual ceremony, is a notable example of an indigenous sweating tradition. Unlike sauna traditions, and most forcefully in the case of the Inipi, the sweat lodge ceremonies have been robustly defended as an exclusively Native expression of spirituality rather than a recreational activity. A Finnish word ""löyly"" is strictly connected to the sauna. It can be translated as ""sauna steam"" and refers to the steam vapour created by splashing water on the heated rocks. In many languages related to Finnish, there is a word corresponding to ""löyly"". The same approximate meaning is used across the"
"Central Inuit Central Inuit are the Inuit of Northern Canada, their designation determined by geography and their tradition of snowhouses (""igloos""), fur clothing, and sled dogs. They are differentiated from Alaska's Iñupiat, Greenland's Kalaallit, and Russian Inuit. Central Inuit are subdivided into smaller groupings which include the Caribou, Netsilik, Iglulik, and Baffinland Inuit. Though Copper Inuit are geographically located in the central Arctic, they are considered to be socially and ideologically distinct from the Central Inuit. The Central Inuit conception of the world's structure has gender qualities. Women are connected to the sea, sea mammals, sea tools, and winter. Men"
"period of Inuit art began. In this period, which reached its height in the late 19th century, Inuit artisans created souvenirs for the crews of whaling ships and explorers. Common examples include cribbage boards. Modern Inuit art began in the late 1940s, when with the encouragement of the Canadian government they began to produce prints and serpentine sculptures for sale in the south. Greenlandic Inuit have a unique textile tradition intregrating skin-sewing, furs, and appliqué of small pieces of brightly dyed marine mammal organs in mosaic designs, called avittat. Women create elaborate netted beadwork collars. They have strong mask-making tradition"
"would then beg or fight with Sedna to ensure that his people would not starve, and the Inuit believed that his pleading and apologies on behalf of his people would allow the animals to return and hunters to be successful. After returning from this spirit journey, communities in which the rite was practiced would have communal confessions, and then celebration. Angakkuq The angakkuq (plural; angakuit, , ""angakkuit""; Inuvialuktun: '; , ""angákut"") is the intellectual and spiritual figure among the Inuit who corresponds to a medicine man. Other Alaskan Native cultures have traditionally had similar spiritual mediators, although Alaskan Native religion"
"Among Inuit, a spiritual healer is called an ""angakkuq"" (Inuktitut) or ""angatkuq"". Like the Netsilik Inuit, the Yupik have traditionally practiced tattooing. They are also one of the cultures who have a special language for talking to spirits, called ). The Siberian Yupiks had shamans, and only in Siberia is the term, ""shaman"" traditionally found. Compared to the variants found among Eskimo groups of America, shamanism among Siberian Yupiks stressed more the importance of maintaining good relationship with sea animals. The Ungazighmiit (in Cyrillic transliteration: ""уңазиӷмӣт"", ), speaking the largest of the Siberian Yupik language variants, called a shaman ""alignalghi"""
"to have died. The kuspuk (""qaspeq"") is a traditional Yup'ik garment, worn in both casual and formal settings in Alaska. The seal-oil lamp ""(naniq)"" was an important piece of furniture. The five Yupik languages (related to Inuktitut) are still very widely spoken; more than 75% of the Yupik/Yup'ik population are fluent in the language. The Alaskan and Siberian Yupik, like the Alaskan Inupiat, adopted the system of writing developed by Moravian Church missionaries during the 1760s in Greenland. The Alaskan Yupik and Inupiat are the only Northern indigenous peoples to have developed their own system of picture writing, but this"
"the Greenland Dog, the Siberian Husky and the Alaskan Malamute. The Inuit would perform rituals over the newborn pup to give it favorable qualities; the legs were pulled to make them grow strong and the nose was poked with a pin to enhance the sense of smell. Inuit industry relied almost exclusively on animal hides, driftwood, and bones, although some tools were also made out of worked stones, particularly the readily worked soapstone. Walrus ivory was a particularly essential material, used to make knives. Art played a big part in Inuit society and continues to do so today. Small sculptures"
"the express wishes of the traditional healers who have inherited these ceremonies, but that those who do not know how to do them properly have in some cases caused dehydration and heat stroke, resulting in injury and even deaths. Inipi The I-ni-pi ceremony (lakota: ""ini-"" from ""inyan"", rock + ""-pi"", lodge), a type of sweat lodge, is a Lakota purification ceremony, and one of the Seven Sacred Rites of the Lakota people. It is an ancient and sacred ceremony of the Lakota people and has been passed down through the generations of Lakota. The full ceremony is not taught to"
"settlements in designated places. Children at Amitsoq once had a game called ""tunangusartut"" in which they imitated the adults behavior towards the spirits, even reciting the same verbal formulae as ""angakkuit"". According to Rasmussen, this game was not considered offensive because a ""spirit can understand the joke."" The homelands of the Netsilik Inuit (""Netsilingmiut"" meaning ""People of the Seal"") have extremely long winters and stormy springs. Starvation was a common danger. While other Inuit cultures feature protective guardian powers, the Netsilik have traditional beliefs that life's hardships stemmed from the extensive use of such measures. Unlike the Iglulik Inuit, the"
"often live short, difficult lives. Yuwipi Yuwipi is a traditional Lakota healing ceremony. During the ceremony the healer is tied up with a special blanket and ropes, and the healer and their supporters pray and sing for the healing of the person who has asked for the ceremony. The ceremony may be performed for one person at a time, or for a small group of people together, depending on the severity of the case and the strength and ability of the medicine man leading the ceremony. In Lakota culture, the ""yuwipi"" (pronounced yoo-WEE-pee) ceremony is held for both physical and"
"methods and technologies that had been passed on for centuries. Firearms replaced lances and harpoons, snowmobiles, mainly Polaris, Ski-Doo and Yamaha took the place of dog sled teams (the name Ski-Doo is often used for the whole category, since Joseph-Armand Bombardier 1922 built the first snowmobile, Ski-Dog, which mutated to Ski-Doo by a typographical error). ATVs (all-terrain vehicles, quad-bikes) became widely accepted as a general means of transportation. The Inuit have become consumers who make their living by fishing, hunting, trapping and production of artwork. They also perform wage labour, and often must be supported by additional social welfare. Government"
"island and by their Diaspora in western countries such as UK, Germany, France, Italy, South Africa etc. Kavadi Attam Kavadi Attam (Tamil:காவடி ஆட்டம்) (""Burden Dance"") is a ceremonial sacrifice and offering practiced by devotees during the worship of Lord Murugan, the Hindu God of War. It is a central part of the festival of Thaipusam and emphasizes debt bondage. The ""kavadi"" (""burden"") itself is a physical burden, the bearing of which is used by the devotee to implore Murugan for assistance, usually on behalf of a loved one who is in need of healing, or as a means of balancing"