What word that was chosen as an alternative to terms like 'Mister', 'Miss', or 'Missus' saw its first known use in the now familiar context in a socialist magazine called Justice in 1884?
"term was often used with political overtones in the revolutions of 1848, and was subsequently borrowed by French and English. In English, the first known use of the word ""comrade"" with this meaning was in 1884 in the socialist magazine ""Justice"". In the late 19th century Russian Marxists and other leftist revolutionaries adopted as a translation of the word ""Kamerad"" the Russian word ""tovarishch"" (Russian: ""Товарищ"") (from Old Turkic ""tavar ishchi""; abbreviated ""tov.""), whose original meaning was ""business companion"" or ""travel (or other adventure) mate"", deriving from the noun товар (""tovar"", i.e., 'merchandise'). as a form of address in international"
"lull during a WBAI-radio interview with ""The Feminists"" group, Michaels suggested the use of ""Ms."" A friend of Gloria Steinem heard the interview and suggested it as a title for her new magazine. The magazine ""Ms."" debuted on newsstands in January 1972, and its much-publicized name quickly led to widespread usage. In February 1972, the US Government Printing Office approved using ""Ms."" in official government documents. In 1976 Marvel Comics introduced a new superhero named Ms. Marvel, billing her as the ""first feminist superhero"". Even several public opponents of non-sexist language, such as William Safire, were finally convinced that ""Ms."""
"or Confucius or Averroes, or even Rousseau or Kant—saw the need to consider justice or the redress of injustices from a social perspective. The concept first surfaced in Western thought and political language in the wake of the industrial revolution and the parallel development of the socialist doctrine. It emerged as an expression of protest against what was perceived as the capitalist exploitation of labour and as a focal point for the development of measures to improve the human condition. It was born as a revolutionary slogan embodying the ideals of progress and fraternity. Following the revolutions that shook Europe"
"justices until 1919, the first woman being Ada Summers, the Mayor of Stalybridge, who was a JP by virtue of her office. Today, the number of male and female magistrates is approximately equal. The titles ""magistrate"" and ""justice of the peace"" mean the same, although today the former is commonly used in the popular media, and the latter in more formal contexts. The term ""lay"" referred to the voluntary, unsalaried nature of the appointment and was used to distinguish them from professional magistrates, known as stipendiaries. However, since stipendiaries became district judges, the term has fallen into disuse. There are"
"1961, Sheila Michaels attempted to put the term into use when she saw what she thought was a typographical error on the address label of a copy of ""News & Letters"" sent to her roommate. Michaels ""was looking for a title for a woman who did not 'belong' to a man."" She knew the separation of the now common terms ""Miss"" and ""Mrs."" had derived from ""Mistress"", but one could not suggest that women use the original title with its now louche connotations. Her efforts to promote use of a new honorific were at first ignored. In 1969, in a"
"to the French and American Revolutions, Thomas Paine similarly wrote in ""The Rights of Man"" (1792) society should give ""genius a fair and universal chance"" and so ""the construction of government ought to be such as to bring forward... all that extent of capacity which never fails to appear in revolutions."" Although there is no certainty about the first use of the term ""social justice"", early sources can be found in Europe in the 18th century. Some references to the use of the expression are in articles of journals aligned with the spirit of the Enlightenment, in which social justice"
"demands"". By 1842, socialism ""had become the topic of a major academic analysis"" by a German scholar, Lorenz von Stein, in his ""Socialism and Social Movement"". According to an 1888 volume of ""A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles"", the word ""socialism"" first appeared on 13 February 1832 in ""Le Globe"", a liberal French newspaper of Pierre Leroux. Leroux returned to the theme of ""socialism"" in 1834 and Louis Reybaud (1799–1879) published ""Études sur les réformateurs contemporains ou socialistes modernes"" in 1842 in France. In England, Robert Owen (1771–1858) was also using the term ""socialism"" independently around the same time."
"had been used in the name of a group. It started to be used by the press in its radical sense. The humanists who belonged to the organization felt that it was in the common interest of both sexes for men to be involved in the movement, in contrast to others who felt the movement was purely the concern of women. Aline Valette joined the committee that organized the first congress in May 1892, and represented a short-lived union of seamstresses at the congress. The congress in 13–15 May 1892 was well-attended, with both social feminists, mainstream feminists and socialists."
"Press. ""Nessie"", published in St Andrews, was begun in 1979. Disagreements over ideological issues with socialist feminists were prevalent from the beginning of the movement. Marxist or Maoist feminists believed that the focus should be on class struggle, with recognition that certain systems were biased towards male supremacy. Liberationists argued that socialist feminism failed to recognize the differences in class struggle and women's issues, which were often sidelined by focus on class. Socialist feminists also felt the focus on men as the enemy and the idea of women needing to separate themselves from men, led to misunderstandings and characterizations of"
"also fell out of use during this period, despite earlier distinctions between socialism and communism from the 1840s. An early distinction between socialism and communism was that the former aimed to only socialise production while the latter aimed to socialise both production and consumption (in the form of free access to final goods). However, Marxists employed the term ""socialism"" in place of ""communism"" by 1888, which had come to be considered an old-fashion synonym for socialism. It was not until 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution that ""socialism"" came to refer to a distinct stage between capitalism and communism, introduced by"
"for men and ""citoyenne"" for women (both meaning ""citizen"") to refer to each other. The deposed King Louis XVI, for instance, was referred to as ""Citoyen Louis Capet"" to emphasize his loss of privilege. When the socialist movement gained momentum in the mid-19th century, socialists elsewhere began to look for a similar egalitarian alternative to terms like ""Mister"", ""Miss"", or ""Missus"". In German, the word """" had long been used as an affectionate form of address among people linked by some strong common interest, such as a sport, a college, a profession (notably as a soldier), or simply friendship. The"
"reinterpreting historical figures such as Bartolomé de las Casas, in philosophical debates about differences among human beings, in efforts for gender, racial and social equality, for advocating justice for migrants, prisoners, the environment, and the physically and developmentally disabled. While the concept of social justice can be traced through the theology of Augustine of Hippo and the philosophy of Thomas Paine, the term ""social justice"" became used explicitly from the 1840s. A Jesuit priest named Luigi Taparelli is typically credited with coining the term, and it spread during the revolutions of 1848 with the work of Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. However, recent"
"is described as an obligation of the monarch; also the term is present in books written by Catholic Italian theologians, notably members of the Society of Jesus. Thus, according to this sources and the context, social justice was another term for ""the justice of society"", the justice that rules the relations among individuals in society, without any mention to socio-economic equity or human dignity. The usage of the term started to become more frequent by Catholic thinkers from the 1840s, including the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in ""Civiltà Cattolica"", based on the work of St. Thomas Aquinas. He argued that rival"
"being. The term and modern concept of ""social justice"" was coined by the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in 1840 based on the teachings of St. Thomas Aquinas and given further exposure in 1848 by Antonio Rosmini-Serbati. The idea was elaborated by the moral theologian John A. Ryan, who initiated the concept of a living wage. Father Coughlin also used the term in his publications in the 1930s and the 1940s. It is a part of Catholic social teaching, Social Gospel from Episcopalians and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by green parties worldwide. Social justice as"
"Around 1971, during a lull in an interview with ""The Feminists"" group, Michaels suggested the use of the title ""Ms."" (having chosen a pronunciation current for both in Missouri, her home). In the early 1970s, feminists objected to the marriage-based female honorifics ""Miss"" and ""Mrs"". Men had ""Mr."", which gave no indication of their marital status since the formal address term ""master"" for an unmarried man had fallen largely into disuse; etiquette and business practices required the use of ""Miss"" or ""Mrs."" for women. Some women did not want to be defined by their marital status and, for a growing"
"the first feminist magazine was published in 1972. ""Ms. Magazine"" was the first national magazine to make feminist voices prominent, make feminist ideas and beliefs available to the public, and support the works of feminist artists. Like the art world, the magazine used the media to spread the messages of feminism and draw attention to the lack of total gender equality in society. The co-founder of the magazine, Gloria Steinem, coined the famous quote, ""A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle"", which demonstrates the power of independent women; this slogan was frequently used by activists. Lucy"
"in the United States and Canada a period is usually used (see Abbreviation). Miss and Mrs., derived from the then formal Mistress, like Mister did not originally indicate marital status. Ms. was popularized in the 20th century. The earliest known proposal for the modern revival of Ms. as a title appeared in ""The Republican"" of Springfield, Massachusetts, on November 10, 1901: The term was again suggested as a convenience to writers of business letters by such publications as the ""Bulletin of the American Business Writing Association"" (1951) and ""The Simplified Letter"", issued by the National Office Management Association (1952). In"
"cited as ""the country's first statewide feminist newspaper"". Nationwide distribution of the newspaper began in 1975 and by 1977 the paper had relocated to offices in Westwood, New Jersey. Kassell bought shares of ""The New York Times"" and attended the company's April 1986 shareholder meeting, where she spoke about the inconsistent use of the titles ""Miss"" and ""Mrs."" used to refer to women and the fact that this usage created confusion and inaccuracies about the marital status of those women mentioned in the paper. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, the publisher of the paper, agreed to look into the issue and make"
"meeting of the Washington Socialists who assisted Titus with the publication of ""The Socialist"", a different solution to the financial problem was chosen. They decided to change the name and focus of the publication, thereby boosting circulation to a level which could sustain the 50 cent subscription rate. Effective September 1, 1904, it was announced that the name of ""The Socialist"" would change to ""Next"", and its orientation would change from a party paper ""published for Socialists first"" to a propaganda paper ""published primarily for non-Socialists"". Titus declared: For four years ""The Socialist,"" or ""The Seattle,"" as so many comrades"
"""Syndicalisme révolutionnaire et Communisme."" In July 1913 ""La Vie ouvrière"" published an article signed ""Marie Guillot"". She wrote as an experienced activist. The CGT journal let Marie Guillot speak in its January 1913 issue under the transparent pseudonym ""a subscriber from Saône-et-Loire."" She noted in a clear and direct style: ""You are aware the lack of women in ""La Vie ouvrière""! Do you therefore expect to make a revolution or economic transformation without women? (...) Do you feel disdain for us? That would be very misguided. The feminist movement penetrates the masses more and more, and must be reckoned with."""
"and it was published in New York City between 1858 and 1861 by French anarcho-communist Joseph Déjacque. The next recorded use of the term was in Europe, when ""libertarian communism"" was used at a French regional anarchist Congress at Le Havre (16–22 November 1880). January 1881 saw a French manifesto issued on ""Libertarian or Anarchist Communism"". Finally, 1895 saw leading anarchists Sébastien Faure and Louise Michel publish ""La Libertaire"" in France"". The word stems from the French word ""libertaire"", which was used to evade the French ban on anarchist publications. In this tradition, the term ""libertarianism"" in ""libertarian socialism"" is"
"by feminism, became well known for its incorporation of emancipatory content (sometimes controversially so). Its polls among women readers asked questions that at the time were groundbreaking for such a mainstream, large-circulation magazine and it participated in feminist action. The magazine's first issue appeared on 30 September 1938, and was published by the Geïllustreerde Pers. The ""weekly for women and girls"" was at first an appendix for the family magazine ""De week in beeld"", and was not published independently until 1942. The name's origin (""Margriet"" is both a girl's and a flower's name in Dutch) is unknown. For its first"
"issue was released on 1 January 1897. The newspaper called for women to rebel against male oppression, but without abandoning the proletariat struggle. It was critical of all forms of authority: in religion, employment, the state and the family. The ultimate proposal was the establishment of anarchist communism. The institution of marriage was one of the main targets of the editors, who regarded women as the oppressed link in the chain of exploitation. They defended the idea of free love, which they described as one which permits ""the union to end when the love ends."" Anarchist historian Max Nettlau saved"
"the Latin ""socius"" meaning companions, colleagues, or associates; and c""ratia"" which refers to the ruling class, as in the aristocracy, plutocracy, democracy, and sociocracy. It was coined in 1851 by French philosopher Auguste Comte, as a parallel to sociology, the science that studies how people organize themselves into social systems. Comte believed that a government led by sociologists would use scientific methods to meet the needs of all the people, not just the ruling class. American sociologist Lester Frank Ward in an 1881 paper for the ""Penn Monthly"" was an active advocate of a sociocracy to replace the political competition"
"Ms. (magazine) Ms. is an American liberal feminist magazine co-founded by second-wave feminists and sociopolitical activists Gloria Steinem and Dorothy Pitman Hughes. Its founding editors were Letty Cottin Pogrebin, Mary Thom, Patricia Carbine, Joanne Edgar, Nina Finkelstein, and Mary Peacock. ""Ms."" first appeared in 1971 as an insert in ""New York"" magazine. The first stand-alone issue appeared in January 1972, with funding from ""New York"" editor Clay Felker. From July 1972 until 1987, it appeared on a monthly basis. It now publishes quarterly. During its heyday in the 1970s, it enjoyed great popularity but was not always able to reconcile"
"is roused to a sense of her own responsibility on all lines of human endeavor, and especially on lines of her special field, that of reproduction of the race, there will be little if any real advancement toward a higher and truer civilization."" The name was chosen because ""Lucifer, the ancient name of the Morning Star, now called Venus, seems to us unsurpassed as a cognomen for a journal whose mission is to bring light to the dwellers in darkness."" In February 1887, the editors and publishers of ""Lucifer"" were arrested after the journal ran afoul of the Comstock Act"
"special horror and abomination … poison only fit for politics, Associated Press dispatches, and police reports. She thought me very wrong to mention any ladies' names in a newspaper. She said [that] it was 'shabby' and 'shoddy' and 'shameful'."". But Rivers persevered, and a decade later, on November 2, 1890, the column, now entitled simply ""Society"", was the largest part of the Sunday paper carrying it. By 1900, most daily newspapers had a woman's page The covered local high society, as well as fashion. The goal in any case was to attract women as readers, and attract subscribers by promising"
"bra-burning feminists. The term ""brassiere"" was used by the ""Evening Herald"" in Syracuse, New York, in 1893. It gained wider acceptance in 1904 when the DeBevoise Company used it in their advertising copy—although the word is actually Norman French for a child's undershirt. In French, it is called a (literally, ""throat-supporter""). It and other early versions resembled a camisole stiffened with boning. ""Vogue"" magazine first used the term ""brassiere"" in 1907, and by 1911 the word had made its way into the ""Oxford English Dictionary"". On 3 November 1914, the newly formed US patent category for ""brassieres"" was inaugurated with"
", organised to defend both anarchist and feminist ideas. In 1972, the Chicago Women's Liberation Union published ""Socialist Feminism: A Strategy for the Women's Movement"", which is believed to be the first to use the term ""socialist feminism"" in publication. Many socialists were early advocates for LGBT rights. For early socialist Charles Fourier, true freedom could only occur without suppressing passions, as the suppression of passions is not only destructive to the individual, but to society as a whole. Writing before the advent of the term ""homosexuality"", Fourier recognised that both men and women have a wide range of sexual"
"was imprisoned, Norah Smyth alternated as acting editor with Jack O'Sullivan. For many years, Smyth had used her photography skills to provide pictures for the newspaper of East End life, particularly of women and children living in poverty. In July 1917 the name was changed to ""Workers' Dreadnought"", which initially had a circulation of 10,000. Its slogan changed to ""Socialism, Internationalism, Votes for All"", and then in July 1918 to ""For International Socialism"", reflecting increasing opposition to Parliamentarism in the party. On 19 June 1920 Workers' Dreadnought was adopted as the official weekly organ of the Communist Party (British Section"
"and Country magazine, during 1784. Meanwhile, the American Revolution was raging, the Gloucester's shipping business suffered from the insecure seas. When the revolution finally ended in 1783, Stevens was deep in debt so Judith put her writing to work and began to publish to make an income. Her first essay was published in 1784 for Gentleman and Lady's Town and Country Magazine. ""Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of Encouraging a Degree of Self-Complacency, Especially in Female Bosoms."" was her first piece in which she manifested her feminist ideals. In it she laid the groundwork for future essays on women and"
"controversy, the negative connotation gained increased use, and was particularly aimed at those espousing views adhering to social liberalism, cultural inclusivity, or feminism, as well as views deemed to be politically correct. The term has entered popular culture, including a parody role-playing video game, ""Social Justice Warriors"", released in 2014. Dating back to 1824, the term ""social justice"" refers to justice on a societal level. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, ""social-justice warrior"" was used as a neutral or complimentary phrase. An example from the ""Montreal Gazette"" in 1991 about a local music festival reads: Katherine Martin, the"
"essay, ""Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness"", in which she said, ""[w]omen have long lamented their condition, but a lament, pure and simple, need not be an expression of feminist consciousness. As long as their situation is apprehended as natural, inevitable, and inescapable, women's consciousness of themselves, no matter how alive to insult and inferiority, is not yet feminist consciousness... The very meaning of what the feminist apprehends is illuminated by the light of what ought to be."" In 1983 the philosopher Alison Jaggar wrote of the need for a new name for the direction that socialist feminism was taking."