Which classic 1966 film by Gillo Pontecorvo was shown in the Pentagon in 2003 with the flyer reading as follows? How to win a battle against terrorism and lose the war of ideas. Children shoot soldiers at point-blank range. Women plant bombs in cafes. Soon the entire Arab population builds to a mad fervor. Sound familiar? The French have a plan. It succeeds tactically, but fails strategically. To understand why, come to a rare showing of this film.
"Gillo Pontecorvo Gillo Pontecorvo (; 19 November 1919 – 12 October 2006) was an Italian filmmaker. He worked as a film director for more than a decade before his best known film ""La battaglia di Algeri"" (""The Battle of Algiers"", 1966) was released. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1966. His other films include ""Kapò"" (1960), which takes place in a World War II concentration camp, and ""Burn!"" (""Queimada"", 1969), starring Marlon Brando and loosely based on the failed slave revolution in Guadeloupe. In 2000, he received the Pietro Bianchi Award at the Venice Film"
"the people who must struggle for their independence, not only in Algeria, but everywhere in the third world"" and said, ""the birth of a nation happens with pain on both sides, although one side has cause and the other not."" ""The Battle of Algiers"" achieved great success and influence. It was widely screened in the United States, where Pontecorvo received a number of awards. He was nominated for two Academy Awards for direction and screenplay (a collaboration). The film has been used as a training video by government strategists for dealing with guerrilla resistance, as well as by revolutionary groups."
"""The Battle of Algiers"" approvingly and added a religiously oriented commentary. Anibal Acosta, one of the cadets interviewed by Robin, described the session: ""They showed us that film to prepare us for a kind of war very different from the regular war we had entered the Navy School for. They were preparing us for police missions against the civilian population, who became our new enemy."" Robin noted that United States Pentagon officials involved in ""special operations"" viewed Pontecorvo's film on 27 August 2003. This was several months after the US had invaded Iraq, and it was encountering rising insurgency in"
"Academy Awards, and it was nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign-Language Film. In this same year, the film won two awards: the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists awarded Didi Perego a Silver Ribbon for best supporting actress, and the Mar del Plata Film Festival awarded Susan Strasberg for best actress. Pontecorvo is best known for his 1966 masterpiece ""The Battle of Algiers"" (released in Italian as ""La battaglia di Algeri""). It is widely viewed as one of the finest films of its genre: a realistic though fictionalized documentary. Its portrayal of the Algerian resistance during the Algerian War"
"they had been shown ""The Battle of Algiers"" (1966), the film by Gillo Pontecorvo, at the military school. When the film was first released, several years after the end of the Algerian War, it had been censored in France for its portrayal of the French effort, showing the use of torture and other abuses. The cadets said the screening was introduced by Antonio Caggiano, archbishop of Buenos Aires from 1959 to 1975, when President Arturo Frondizi had inaugurated the first course on counter-revolutionary warfare at the Higher Military College. Caggiano, the military chaplain at the school in 1997, had introduced"
"nearby waters, the fisherman, Squarciò, has to sail out to the open sea, where he fishes illegally with bombs. The film won a prize at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Pontecorvo spent months, and sometimes years, researching the material for his films in order to accurately represent the social situations he explored. In the next two years, Pontecorvo directed ""Kapò"" (1960), a drama set in a Nazi death camp. The plot of the film is about an escape attempt from a concentration camp by a young Jewish girl. In 1961 it was the Italian candidate for the United States'"
"for a new kind of war against a new kind of enemy"" including the FBI, CIA, armed forces, and State Department. The book is also used as a defense of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and outlines important neoconservative ideas, including ways to abandon all Israeli-Palestinian peace processes, invade Syria, and implement strict US domestic surveillance with biometric identity cards and public vigilance to hinder potential terrorist immigrant or terrorist sympathizer threats. Perle and Frum conclude: ""For us, terrorism remains the great evil of our time, and the war against this evil, our generation's great cause … There is no"
"cultural theory emanating from the UK and the cultural and educational practices in line with corporate cultures and market consumerism that related to variants of postmodernism."" In 1965, Glauber Rocha claimed that ""Cinema Novo is a phenomenon of new peoples everywhere and not a privilege of Brazil."" Appropriately, Third Cinema has affected film culture throughout the world. In Italy, Gillo Pontecorvo directed ""Battaglia di Algeri"" (""The Battle of Algiers,"" 1966), which depicted native African muslims as brave terrorists fighting French colonialists in Algeria. Cuban filmmaker Tomas Gutierrez Alea, co-founder of the ground-breaking Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cinematográficos, used"
"who were very sensitive on the Algerian issue, banned the film for three months."" Due to repeated threats of violence from fascist groups, the government banned screenings of the film for four years, although Pontecorvo believed he had made a politically neutral film. The release of ""The Battle of Algiers"" coincided with the decolonization period and national liberation wars, as well as a rising tide of left-wing radicalism in Western nations in which a large minority showed interest in armed struggle. Beginning in the late 1960s, ""The Battle of Algiers"" gained a reputation for inspiring political violence; in particular, the"
"the difference of becoming rather than unfolding, where each time through the engine of computation a film becomes, revealing something essential about computation as an engine of possibility and something about cinema as a fixed machine of the particular.” The Battle of Algiers (2004). Marc Lafia received a co-commission in 2004 from the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Tate Online to create a new work for ArtPort, the Whitney Museum's portal to net art. That same year, Gillo Pontecorvo’s 1966 film, ""The Battle of Algiers"", was released on DVD as part of the Criterion Collection. Lafia chose Pontecorvo’s"
"our new enemy. During 2003, the press reported that United States Department of Defense (the Pentagon) offered a screening of the movie on August 27. The Directorate for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict regarded it as useful for commanders and troops facing similar issues in occupied Iraq. A flyer for the screening said: According to the Defense Department official in charge of the screening, ""Showing the film offers historical insight into the conduct of French operations in Algeria, and was intended to prompt informative discussion of the challenges faced by the French."" At the time of the 2003 Pentagon screening,"
"re-figure Pontecorvo's film to realize it as a work that was ‘multi-spatial and happening iteratively in itself’ at different speeds, at different sizes, and in different places of the viewing plane. The viewer of the Lafia/Lin ""Battle of Algiers"" can, by hitting restart any number of times, set off the work on different trajectories, or the viewer can simply watch the work evolve on its own. Either way, by observing what is happening spatially in the work and in terms of durations, the viewer arrives at the eventual recognition of the modalities and tactics enacted by the opposing groups of"
"The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain was the fourth of Frank Capra's ""Why We Fight"" series of seven propaganda films, which made the case for fighting and winning the Second World War. It was released in 1943 and concentrated on the German bombardment of the United Kingdom in anticipation of Operation Sea Lion, the planned Nazi invasion of Great Britain. The narrator describes the fall of France, leaving Britain almost defenceless. British forces are vastly outnumbered, but the British people are calm. The narrator explains that this is because in a democracy the people as a whole are"
"read the books of Joseph Campbell. ""On one level, it's a big send-up,"" Brady said. ""But on another, it's about foreign policy."" The first draft of the script was turned in well before the Iraq War. The film takes aim at various celebrities, many of whom came out in opposition to the Iraq War in 2003. Brady explained that the film's treatment of celebrities was derived from her annoyance at the screen time given to celebrities in the beginning of the Iraq War, in lieu of foreign policy experts. The film's central concept was easier to conceive than to execute."
"the strategy of tension brought by Gladio due to Licio Gelli from the (former) masonic lodge Propaganda Due, Operation Northwoods, MKULTRA, Project FUBELT, Operation Condor, Operation Satanique, Operation Cyclone and the financing of the Maktab al-Khidamat, which is the precursor of Al-Qaeda. Unlike the first ""speech"", this one also addresses the 2003 invasion of Iraq (""And tonight I have a message for the people of Iraq: Go home and die""). It ends on a dark note: ""In all these efforts, however, America's purpose is more than to follow a process. It is to achieve a result: the end of the"
"– was planning the coup. The botched coup has gone down into history as ""a comic-opera coup staged by naive incompetents, which posed no real threat to the state"" and newspapers wrote about it as ""the coup that never was"". However, the secret service report revealed serious connections of the conspiracy with US President Richard Nixon's administration and with NATO units based in Malta. A comic film directed by Mario Monicelli and starring popular Italian actor Ugo Tognazzi was released in 1973 and was in the selection of Italian films for the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. It is called ""Vogliamo"
"the Allied troop movements). It is then mentioned that the Nazis' attack on Belgium and the Netherlands was a feint to distract from the main attack through the Ardennes, where the Allies least expected it. A U.S. military officer shows an animation which demonstrates the German blitzkrieg technique - tanks form the front spearhead, while infantry spill off from the sides to form solid walls, thus protecting the center of the column through which trucks pass to supply all forces involved. Divide and Conquer (film) Divide and Conquer (1943) is the third film of Frank Capra's ""Why We Fight"" propaganda"
"the ground (contrasting it with the correct fact that the RAF was not destroyed), and ignores the significant Polish participation in the Battle of Britain. Participation from Polish pilots from No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron and other units was widely publicized in Britain at the time this propaganda piece was filmed. The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain was the fourth of Frank Capra's ""Why We Fight"" series of seven propaganda films, which made the case for fighting and winning the Second World War. It was released in 1943 and concentrated on the German bombardment of the United Kingdom"
"film was re-released several times throughout the 1960s, sometimes on a double bill with other Mirisch features such as ""The Great Escape"". The extensive footage of the Mosquito was also of considerable interest to aviation enthusiasts. ""633 Squadron"" appears on the list of ""The 100 Greatest War Films"" voted by the UK public and is featured in the 2005 documentary of the same name. The film's climax shows the squadron flying through a deep fjord while being fired on by anti-aircraft guns. George Lucas stated that this sequence inspired the ""trench run"" sequence in ""Star Wars"". ""633 Squadron"" is well"
"was viewed by General Marshall along with U.S. Army staff, Marshall approached Capra: ""Colonel Capra, how did you do it? That is a most wonderful thing."" Officials made efforts to see that the films were seen in theaters throughout the U.S. They were translated into French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Chinese for use by other countries. Winston Churchill ordered that ""all"" of them be shown to the British public in theaters. They are today often broadcast on television and used as a teaching aid. The ""Why We Fight"" series is widely considered a masterpiece of war information documentaries, and won an"
"in America. In 2003, they extend the War on Terror to a war on general perceived evils with the invasion of Iraq. The ideas and tactics also spread to the United Kingdom, where Tony Blair uses the threat of terrorism to give him a new moral authority. The repercussions of the neoconservative strategy are also explored, with an investigation of indefinitely-detained terrorist suspects in Guantanamo Bay, many allegedly taken on the word of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance without actual investigation on the part of the United States military, and other forms of ""preemption"" against non-existent and unlikely threats made simply"
"protective goggles to watch ""man's most terrible weapon"". Following the detonation, firefighting and scientific research efforts are shown, culminating in a summary of the bomb's effects: ""x-ray and high speed atomic particles, both deadly types of radioactivity"" are discovered and heavy damage is sustained to the target ships. The film concludes with the message that the air forces responsible for helping to win World War II are now leading the world in peaceful enterprise: in short, that ""air power is peace power"". Special Delivery (1946 film) Special Delivery is a short 1946 propaganda film produced by the United States Army"
"the resistance had become taboo during the Algerian War. As a result of the poor reviews, the film was not distributed widely outside France, though it was very well received in the late seventies on its British release. American audiences were only able to discover the movie in 2006 when it was reissued, after which the film appeared in many critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2006. General top ten Its score on the review site Metacritic is 99/100. Army of Shadows Army of Shadows () is a 1969 French film directed by Jean-Pierre Melville. It is"
"diplomatic corps needed to be more modern, technically proficient, and friendly in assisting Third World countries—some of the exact qualities that blinded Alden Pyle. The novel has been filmed twice. The original 1958 Hollywood film inverted the theme of the novel, turning it into an Anti-communist tale instead of a cautionary story about American interventionism. The 2002 film version was true to the book. It was test-screened to positive audience reactions on September 10, 2001. However, the September 11 attacks took place the next day, and audience ratings declined with each subsequent screening. Reacting to criticism of its ""unpatriotic"" message,"
"attack on Germany, while in the Pacific theatre we had ""no airbases near Japan, and no strong allies, however brave"". The general ends the film by reminding the audience that the war cannot be won until Japanese military might is ""completely crushed"". The Academy Film Archive preserved ""Two Down and One to Go"" in 2008. Two Down and One to Go Two Down and One to Go was a short propaganda film produced in 1945; as its title might suggest, its overall message was that the first two Axis powers, Italy and Germany, had been defeated, but that one, Japan,"
"one of the foulest deeds possible without committing some form of violence."" "" "", a documentary depicting the story of ""Billy"" Bishop from the perspective of his granddaughter, Diana, was also produced for Global Television and TVO in 2003. The Kid Who Couldn't Miss The Kid Who Couldn't Miss is a 1983 docudrama film directed by Paul Cowan. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada, it combines fact and fiction to question fighter pilot Billy Bishop's accomplishments during World War I, featuring excerpts from John MacLachlan Gray's play ""Billy Bishop Goes to War"". The film specifically questions accounts of"
"the Casbah, the citadel of Algiers. Their actions were met by French paratroopers attempting to regain territory. The highly dramatic film is about the organization of a guerrilla movement and the illegal methods, such as torture, used by the colonial power to contain it. Algeria succeeded in gaining independence from the French, which Pontecorvo addresses in the film's epilogue. A subject of socio-political controversy, the film was not screened for five years in France; it was released in 1971. ""The Battle of Algiers"" reconstructs the events that occurred in the capital city of French Algeria between November 1954 and December"
"passing vital information to Israel. He warned the Mossad about the planned Arab surprise attack that started the Yom Kippur War in 1973, preventing what could have resulted in a huge number of Israeli casualties. The movie opens with black and white news clipping narratives about the Six Days War between Israel and Egypt, giving an outline of the war and its immediate aftermath. On September 3, 1973, Ashraf Marwan lands in Rome, Italy and meets Arab insurgents on the outskirts of the Rome International Airport, with a missile launcher that he was able to smuggle in his suitcase due"
"are representative of such efforts. The message the government aimed to transmit was a syllogism, present in the famous discourse of Minister of Culture André Malraux at this event: if the Resistance is embodied by de Gaulle, and that de Gaulle represents France, then logically Resistance equals France. This national narrative had also progressively come to shape popular culture. Cinema had been considered a useful tool both to create the myth in the aftermath of the war and to question it after 1968. The Battle of the Rails (""La Bataille du rail"") is 1946 a war movie by René Clément"
"the ""Why We Fight"" propaganda series from Frank Capra; the War Department's Information-Education Division started out making training films for the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy; the Army made its own through the U.S. Signal Corps, including John Huston's ""The Battle of San Pietro"". Hollywood made films with propaganda messages about America's allies, such as ""Mrs. Miniver"" (1942), which portrayed a British family on the home front; ""Edge of Darkness"" (1943) showed Norwegian resistance fighters, and ""The North Star"" (1943) showed the Soviet Union and its Communist Party. Towards the end of the war popular books provided higher quality"
"the 2003 DVD """". The 2003 video is composed of documentary footage, mostly depicting children, from the Vietnam War, in addition to recent scenes from various conflicts in the Horn of Africa, the Bosnian War, the 11 September 2001 attack on New York City, and the US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. On its US single debut in 1971, ""Happy Xmas (War Is Over)"" did not meet with much success. This was due to the single's late release, which resulted in limited airplay before Christmas, and a lack of promotion. The single peaked at number 36 on the ""Cash Box"""
"planes being flown into buildings, and that it ignored numerous warnings from foreign countries. He then describes the August 6, 2001 President's Daily Brief (entitled ""Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US"") that gave a general warning about a possible attack. The final part of the film looks at the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, detailing how Osama Bin Laden, along with top members of Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, was able to repeatedly escape while being chased by U.S. forces, eventually fleeing to Pakistan. It also elaborates briefly on the Soviet-Afghan War and how the Afghan Muhajadeen, some elements of which"
"strike nuclear attack on the Soviet Union. It follows the President of the United States, his advisors, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and a Royal Air Force (RAF) officer as they try to recall the bombers to prevent a nuclear apocalypse. It separately follows the crew of one B-52 bomber as they try to deliver their payload. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress included ""Dr. Strangelove"" in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. It was listed as number three on AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. United States Air Force Brigadier General"