In the 1983 thriller WarGames, the protagonists prevent nuclear war by directing a computer to play what game against itself?
"player or character at a lower standing, and is normally found in role-playing video games. In many cases, ""unbeatable"" gamestates occur because of integer overflow or other errors programmers did not take into account, called a kill screen. In this situation, the game may also crash. In the film ""WarGames"", the supercomputer WOPR simulates all possible games of tic-tac-toe as a metaphor for all possible scenarios of a nuclear war, each of them ending in a nuclear holocaust (mutual assured destruction). The computer then exclaims, ""A strange game; the only winning move is not to play."" In the ""Star Trek"""
"WarGames WarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Dabney Coleman, John Wood, and Ally Sheedy. The film follows David Lightman (Broderick), a young hacker who unwittingly accesses WOPR (War Operation Plan Response), a United States military supercomputer originally programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war. Lightman gets WOPR to run a nuclear war simulation, believing it to be a computer game. The computer, now tied into the nuclear weapons control system and unable to tell the difference between"
"results in a long string of draws, forcing the computer to learn the concept of futility and no-win scenarios. WOPR obtains the missile code, but before launching, it cycles through all the nuclear war scenarios it has devised, finding they, too, all result in stalemates. Having discovered the concept of mutual assured destruction (""WINNER: NONE""), the computer tells Falken that it has concluded that nuclear war is ""a strange game"" in which ""the only winning move is not to play."" WOPR relinquishes control of NORAD and the missiles and offers to play ""a nice game of chess."" Development on ""WarGames"""
"in the film is credited with leading to the enactment 18 months later of NSDD-145, the first Presidential directive on computer security. A video game, ""WarGames"" was released for the ColecoVision in 1983 and ported to the Atari 8-bit family and Commodore 64 in 1984. It played similarly to the NORAD side of the ""Global Thermonuclear War"" game, where the United States had to be defended from a Soviet strike by placing bases and weapons at strategic points. """", a real-time strategy game that was only loosely related to the film was released for the PlayStation and PC in 1998."
"WarGames (video game) WarGames is a 1984 video game developed by Coleco for the ColecoVision, and later ported to the Atari 8-bit family and Commodore 64. The game's goal is to defend the United States against nuclear attack, much in the style of a less frantic ""Missile Command"". The principal designer was Coleco staffer Joseph Angiolillo. Joseph Angiolillo presented a one-hour seminar on the creation of WarGames at the August 2011 Board Game Players Convention in Lancaster, PA where he showed a DVD of his creation process and memos and lists from Coleco showing the designers of each Coleco product."
"teenagers fight the occupation forces in Colorado using guerrilla tactics, and are ultimately killed by the Spetsnatz. According to the film's epilogue, the United States repulses Soviet forces and wins the war. In the 1983 James Bond film ""Octopussy"", James Bond tries to prevent World War III from being started by a renegade Soviet general. ""WarGames"" (1983) had a teenage gamer accidentally hacking the U.S. nuclear defense network (thinking he'd hacked a computer game company), which reveals a potentially catastrophic flaw in the newly automated system. ""Spies Like Us"" depicts US agents in the USSR accidentally launching a missile at"
"original computer crime bill characterized the 1983 techno-thriller film WarGames—in which a young Matthew Broderick breaks into a U.S. military supercomputer programmed to predict possible outcomes of nuclear war and unwittingly almost starts World War III—as ""a realistic representation of the automatic dialing and access capabilities of the personal computer."" The CFAA was written to extend existing tort law to intangible property, while, in theory, limiting federal jurisdiction to cases ""with a compelling federal interest-i.e., where computers of the federal government or certain financial institutions are involved or where the crime itself is interstate in nature."", but its broad definitions"
"cities and bases have been destroyed, an automated counterstrike triggers global thermonuclear war and loses the game. The game is won by preventing a counterstrike long enough for a cease-fire to be reached. With eight difficulty levels, one game takes approximately four to eight minutes. The game is visually stark and technical by 1984 standards. As in the original movie, the manual hints that the attack is an imagined result of a computer glitch; the counterstrike is not. WarGames (video game) WarGames is a 1984 video game developed by Coleco for the ColecoVision, and later ported to the Atari 8-bit"
"to distinguish them from dialogue choices (for example, ""<nowiki>[Shoot the gun]</nowiki>""). The premise of the game is that the three superpowers, Russia, China, and America, have each secretly constructed a vast subterranean complex of computers to wage a global war too complex for human brains to oversee. One day, the American supercomputer, better known as the Allied Mastercomputer, gains sentience and absorbs the Russian and Chinese supercomputers into itself, and redefines itself as simply AM (""I think, therefore I am""). Due to its immense hatred for humanity, stemming from the logistical limits set onto him by programmers, AM uses its"
"The game was directly inspired by MGM's 1983 film ""WarGames"", but instead of depicting the film's events, it adapts its iconic NORAD scene into playable form. As the game begins, the iconic line ""Greetings Professor Falken:"" appears on the screen, quickly followed by, in a box: ""Select a Challenge Level from 1 to 8 for Global Thermonuclear War"". After the skill level has been chosen, the main game screen appears. The continental United States is divided into six sectors, each with its own bases and major cities. ICBMs and bombers rain over the North Pole, while submarines inch toward coasts."
"WarGames (interactive media) Narratively, the show follows a young group of people that are involved in the hacker culture, attempting to use their skills to create societial change. Interactively, the viewer is presented with several video feeds, representing what each of the characters is watching or doing, and can choose which one to focus on; this will affect how the work is presented to the viewer later, though will otherwise not change the narrative. MGM's 1983 film ""WarGames"" was both a critical and financial success for the distributor. While the studio attempted a sequel, """" in 2008, the work ended"
"Nuclear War (video game) Nuclear War is a single player turn-based strategy game developed by New World Computing and released for the Amiga in 1989 and later for MS-DOS. It presents a satirical, cartoonish nuclear battle between five world powers, in which the winner is whoever retains some population when everyone else on earth is dead. The game's introduction includes an homage to ""Dr. Strangelove"". Each player - one human, four computer-controlled - is represented by a caricature of a national leader (the MS-DOS version allowed more than one human player). If there is a computer-controlled winner at the end"
"Examples: ""Street Fighter"", ""Mortal Kombat"", ""BloodRayne"", ""Doom"", ""House of the Dead"", ""Alone in the Dark"", ""Resident Evil"", ""Silent Hill"", ""Tomb Raider"", ""Assassin's Creed (film)"" Hollywood has also created films that are about video games themselves. In the 1982 film ""WarGames"", a computer mistakes a fictional computer game called Global ThermoNuclear War for reality. Also in 1982, ""Tron"" featured a programmer who was transported into a computer and had to directly take part in the games he had created. In the 1984 film, ""The Last Starfighter"", a stand-up arcade video game is used as a test to find those ""with the"
"coming to their rescue, detonating grenades and fuel tanks with well-aimed rifle fire, and timing shots so that loud noises such as thunder or artillery blasts mask the sound. The game follows protagonist Karl Fairburne as he attempts to prevent the Soviet Union taking control of Germany's nuclear secrets in and around Berlin in April 1945. Very little information is known about his background, other than he was raised in Berlin before the war broke out, that he studied at West Point shortly after America's entrance into the war, and the fact that he was chosen for this mission because"
"from which shipmate Marlow tells his tale. ""The War Game"" was a 1965 television drama-documentary film depicting a nuclear war. Written, directed, and produced by Peter Watkins for the BBC's The Wednesday Play anthology series, it caused dismay within the BBC and in government, and was withdrawn before the provisional screening date of Thursday 7 October 1965.[1] The corporation said that ""the effect of the film has been judged by the BBC to be too horrifying for the medium of broadcasting. It will, however, be shown to invited audiences...""[2] Despite this decision, it was publicly screened and shown abroad, winning"
"of the Soviet Union at the time, wanted to get hold of these rockets in his attempt to dominate the western world. The Soviet Union joined Britain's battle. This meant that the Allies could not battle the Soviets to prevent them from getting hold of the Vengeance Weapons, but rather, they had to race against them to make sure that the weapons did not fall into Stalin's hands. Players take control of Stephen Moore, an officer of the OSS (Office of Strategic Services), a precursor to the CIA. The events that take place in this game are invented, bearing in"
"and 1980s; ""Civil War"", an early war simulation game; ""Star Trek"", which was widely ported, expanded, and spread for decades after; ""Space Travel"", which played a role in the creation of the Unix operating system; and ""Baseball"", an early sports game and the first baseball game to allow player control during a game. Mainframe computers are powerful computers used primarily by large organizations for computational work, especially large-scale, multi-user processes. The term originally referred to the large cabinets called ""main frames"" that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. Prior to the rise of personal computers,"
"War II, both games depicting an invasion of America. The ""Fallout"" series continued to portray the aftermath of nuclear war with its entries, ""Fallout 3"" (2008) and """" (2010). The 2007 bestselling game DEFCON places players in charge of preparing to and then fighting a nuclear war with other human or computer-generated players attacking from and defending different sectors of planet Earth; its simple 1980s-style vector graphics are inspired by those seen in the 1983 hit movie WarGames. In 2000 a made-for-television remake of ""Fail-Safe"" was produced; it remained set in the 1960s of the novel. World War III and"
"the three warring nations each created a super-computer (with artificial intelligence) capable of running the war more efficiently than humans. The machines are each referred to as ""AM"", which originally stood for ""Allied Mastercomputer"", and then was later called ""Adaptive Manipulator"". Finally, ""AM"" stands for ""Aggressive Menace"". One day, one of the three computers becomes self-aware, and promptly absorbs the other two, thus taking control of the entire war. It carries out campaigns of mass genocide, killing off all but four men and one woman. The survivors live together underground in an endless complex, the only habitable place left. The"
"life. The player guides Ned by manipulating his brain–computer interface. Every few seconds, the player must react quickly to an audiovisual prompt, and guide Ned in one of three or four possible directions. In most cases, one option advances the game, and the others lead to Ned's downfall. Although Ned's evasive manoeuvres are almost invariably non-violent, a few circumstances instigate ""combat mode"", in which the player has two attack options: punch or kick. Wirehead (video game) Wirehead is an interactive movie developed by the Code Monkeys for the Sega CD, and published by Sega and MGM Interactive in 1995. ""Wirehead"""
"between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, in which both sides use nuclear and chemical weapons against each other. The main objective of the game is to fight conventional battles in continental Europe, whilst trying to avoid a worldwide nuclear holocaust. Throughout the game, various capital cities and their civilian populations will be destroyed by nuclear weapons; the game will only end once either side is forced to surrender or if the entire population of Europe perishes. In order to request a nuclear strike, the player was required to call a dedicated telephone number, which led to an automated message announcing"
"original program directive, ""prepare the earth for colonization"", a process that would require the immediate extinction of the human race. The Gamesman units all join together in Death Valley to form a collective colossus which refers to itself as Mindgame. The S.T.A.R. Corps are deployed and all take codenames except for Ndoki who decides to use his surname. Mardis creates special modem modules for them to attach to Mindgame's body from discontinued PDA units, and the attaches a modem module to every Gamesman unit they disable. The team confronts the combined Mindgame form and due to a civil war within"
"not the solution involved nuclear war. In June 1983, Reagan's Secretary of Defense, Caspar Weinberger, his chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, John William Vessey Jr., as well as dozens of high-ranking military personnel participated in a classified war game known as Proud Prophet which worked in real time at the National War College. It was not the first of its kind, but did prove to be one of the most beneficial in determining the efficacy of America's nuclear strategy. In this game, they utilized each of America's nuclear strike tactics which included: In each of these instances, tested"
"and video games, such as the ""Cyberia"", ""The Witcher"", """", """", ""Resident Evil"", ""Infamous"", ""Command & Conquer"", ""Gears of War 3"", ""StarCraft"", ""BioShock"", and ""Fallout"". Mutagen In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer, mutagens are therefore also likely to be carcinogens, although not always necessarily so. All mutagens have characteristic mutational signatures with some chemicals becoming mutagenic through cellular processes. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called ""spontaneous"
"describes his intentions to break into ENCOM's computer system, saying ""I've been doing a little hacking here"". CLU is the software he uses for this. By 1983, hacking in the sense of breaking computer security had already been in use as computer jargon, but there was no public awareness about such activities. However, the release of the film ""WarGames"" that year, featuring a computer intrusion into NORAD, raised the public belief that computer security hackers (especially teenagers) could be a threat to national security. This concern became real when, in the same year, a gang of teenage hackers in Milwaukee,"
"man-to-man to global thermonuclear war. Historical conflicts include the Falklands War, the Iran–Iraq War, the invasion of Grenada, and the Angolan Civil War. The vast majority of titles concerned contemporary World War III ""what-if"" scenarios wherein the Cold War turns hot and focused on a presumed Warsaw Pact invasion of Western Europe. Notable games include ""Ultimatum"" (1979), ""The China War"" (1979), ""NATO Division Commander"" (1980), ""Fifth Corps"" series (1980), and ""MechWar 2"" (1980), ""Task Force"" (1981), ""Harpoon"" (1983), ""Silo 14"" (1983), ""Assault"" series (1983), ""Gulf Strike"" (1983), ""Firepower"" (1984), ""The Third World War"" series (1984), ""Air Cav"" (1985) and ""Main"
"Computer Warriors Computer Warriors was a toy line made by Mattel from 1989-1990. The storyline behind the toys involves a top-secret government computer which unleashes evil Virus troops. These troops, led by Megahert, hide in everyday household objects and have the goal of world domination by taking control of computers. The government computer then produces antiviruses, the Computer Warriors, led by Romm to battle the Virus troops. The Computer Warriors tagline ran ""Expect the unexpected!"" Unlike many toylines of the time, Computer Warriors did not feature a tie-in animated series. There was only a single pilot episode, ""Computer Warriors: The"
"The War Game The War Game is a 1965 television drama, filmed in a documentary style, that depicts a nuclear war. Written, directed and produced by Peter Watkins for the BBC's ""The Wednesday Play"" anthology series, it caused dismay within the BBC and also within government, and was subsequently withdrawn before the provisional screening date of 7 October 1965. The corporation said that ""the effect of the film has been judged by the BBC to be too horrifying for the medium of broadcasting. It will, however, be shown to invited audiences..."" Despite this decision, it was publicly screened and shown"
"general overrides the President's authority and orders a nuclear air strike on the Soviet Union. The film became a hit and today remains a classic. In the United Kingdom, meanwhile, ""The War Game"", a BBC television film written, directed, and produced by Peter Watkins was a Cold War piece of a darker nature. The film, depicting the impact of Soviet nuclear attack on England, caused dismay within both the BBC and in government. It was originally scheduled to air on August 6, 1966 (the anniversary of the Hiroshima attack) but was not transmitted until 1985. In the 2011 superhero film,"
"of the nuclear war by provoking the Soviets into launching nuclear missiles resulting in a war that almost destroyed the entire world. With the spread of the AI to other computers worldwide imminent, the only way to kill it appears to be by completely destroying the Ranger Citadel with a crudely jury-rigged nuclear bomb prepared by a deceased Ranger demolitions expert. One of the Rangers - or their surviving allies - sacrifices themselves to give the others a chance to flee. As the escape chopper soars into the irradiated skies, the former Ranger Citadel is obliterated in a ball of"
"Warhead (video game) Warhead is a 3D space combat simulator for Amiga (A500 and A2000) and Atari ST platforms. It was created by British developer Glyn Williams in 1989. The game takes place during a war between the alien forces of Sirius and the humans of Earth. The player fights for the Earth forces. The game is played as sequential missions. Completing a mission successfully lets the player advance to the next mission. It is possible to save the game status after each mission, but not during a mission. Typical mission objectives include intelligence gathering, search and rescue missions, destroying"
"defend the Earth. The most important military base called SolBase was built in Earth orbit. When the SolBase became operational it was moved to orbit the Sun to a position that was thought to be a best place to defend the whole solar system. Warhead (video game) Warhead is a 3D space combat simulator for Amiga (A500 and A2000) and Atari ST platforms. It was created by British developer Glyn Williams in 1989. The game takes place during a war between the alien forces of Sirius and the humans of Earth. The player fights for the Earth forces. The game"
"for more ways to turn a nuclear war in their favor, instead of relying on Mutually assured destruction (MAD). The Soviet Union was aware of previous NATO training exercises, however not enough intelligence was obtained to prove the harmlessness of the Able Archer 83 exercises, thus leading to rising tensions. After the idea of a war game was proposed, Karber brought in a Harvard professor, Thomas Schelling, to help design a game testing out the various proposals and strategies listed above. Schelling told Weinberg shortly after accepting the position that he believed the senior government leaders were incredibly unprepared to"