In which year did the Channel Tunnel open?
"tunnel at Folkestone at 00:08 BST and a limited service provided with trains travelling in turn in alternating directions in the one tunnel. By the end of September, two thirds of the north tunnel had reopened. Full service resumed in February 2009 after repairs costing €60 million. This fire was the third to close the tunnel since it opened in 1994, the first being the 1996 Channel Tunnel fire and, in August 2006, the tunnel was closed for several hours after fire broke out on a truck loaded onto a HGV Shuttle. The fire was reported on 11 September 2008,"
"1993. The formal opening took place on 6 May 1994 with Queen Elizabeth II and François Mitterrand travelling on a shuttle through the tunnel. The 1996 Channel Tunnel fire damaged locomotives 9030 and 9006, 9030 beyond repair. In 1997 Eurotunnel ordered five more locomotives, and in 1998 nine more. One of the second batch was numbered 9040, the others 9101 to 9113. In 2000 seven more were ordered numbered 97xx, with an increased power of ; deliveries ended in 2003. After 2000 20 units were upgraded from to match the increasing length of truck shuttles, replacing main transformer, traction converters"
"Medway Tunnel to Medway Council pursuant to section 25 of the Medway Tunnel Act 1990 and make a payment to the Council of £3.648 million. The Medway Tunnel was the first immersed tube tunnel to be built in England and only the second of this type in the UK, the other being at Conwy, North Wales. The work, which was carried out by an HBM Civil Engineering/Tarmac Construction joint venture[1], started in May 1992 and the Medway Tunnel was opened by the Princess Royal on 12 June 1996. The Trust has also made grants for local good causes ranging from"
"the Channel Tunnel began in 1988 and it opened in 1994. The passenger terminal is wedged between the Downs and the M20 motorway just west of Castle Hill, and freight trains are marshalled at Dollands Moor Freight Yard further west. Cheriton was a civil parish in its own right, and part of Elham Rural District from 1894 to 1898, when it became a separate urban district. This was abolished in 1934 under a County Review Order, and divided between Folkestone and Hythe. Cheriton sits on a level shelf halfway up the escarpment of Folkestone Downs, between Cheriton Hill on the"
"opened on 6 May 1994. Key parts of the project were a passenger rail service through the tunnel, dubbed Eurostar, and the building of a new high-speed railway on the British side, the 109-kilometre (68 mile) Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL), to link the tunnel to London. With the CTRL still at the planning stage, Eurostar trains began operating on 14 November 1994 over the existing railway, with operations on the British sections of the track being done by European Passenger Services (EPS), a subsidiary set up by British Rail. To manage construction of the CTRL, British Rail had also"
"also referred to as the Chunnel) is a 50.5-kilometre (31.4 mi) undersea rail tunnel (linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near the city of Calais in northern France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. Ideas for a cross-Channel fixed link appeared as early as 1802, but British political and press pressure over compromised national security stalled attempts to construct a tunnel. The eventual successful project, organised by Eurotunnel, began construction in 1988 and was opened by British Queen Elizabeth II and French President François Mitterrand in a ceremony held in Calais on 6"
"the Channel Tunnel, which opened 2003−2007. A second high-speed line named High Speed 2 (HS2), which will initially run between London and Birmingham, is planned to open in 2026. A proposal to build a direct connection between HS1 and HS2 in central London was dropped from HS2 construction plans in 2014 due to cost and the impact on the London district of Camden. The HS2 plans also included a connection to Heathrow Airport at Heathrow Hub railway station, but that link was dropped in 2015. A number of other schemes have been considered to create a rail link between Heathrow"
"were trained in advance of the Holland Tunnel's opening, and bus companies started receiving franchises to operate buses through the tunnel. The Holland Tunnel was officially opened at 4:55 p.m. (EST) on November 12, 1927. President Coolidge ceremonially opened the tunnel from his yacht by turning the same key that had ""opened"" the Panama Canal in 1915. ""Time"" magazine called it ""the golden lever of the Presidential telegraphic instrument."" It rang a giant brass bell at the tunnel's entrances that triggered American flags on both sides of the tunnel to separate. The tunnel's opening ceremony was broadcast on local radio"
"1948, though it remained the longest underwater tunnel as of 1955. The tunnel, which cost a total of £8 million, was opened on 18 July 1934 by King George V; the opening ceremony was watched by 200,000 people. By the 1960s, traffic volume had increased, and, in 1971, the Kingsway Tunnel opened to relieve congestion. The tunnel is long. It contains a single carriageway of four lanes, two in each direction. Different height restrictions apply to the nearside and offside lanes in each direction, because of the curvature of the tunnel. These are and respectively, and there is a 3.5"
"Channel Tunnel Act 1987 The Channel Tunnel Act 1987 c.53 is an Act of Parliament which authorised the construction of the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France in accordance with the Treaty of Canterbury, which was signed in 1986. Section 2 of the Act forbade any public subsidy of the project. This Act enables to be written Statutory Instruments: For sea-related matters, see the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, and the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (Juxtaposed Controls) Order 2003. The Immigration Act 1971 allows the search of vehicles and the control checkpoint analogous to those"
"links across the channel for vehicles. A road tunnel was proposed in 1979, but not considered viable. Construction of the Channel Tunnel started in 1988 and the tunnel opened in 1994. Automobiles and lorries/transport trucks are loaded onto the Eurotunnel Shuttle's enclosed railway cars (similar to auto rack/motorail railway cars) for the trip through the tunnel, however. A service tunnel runs the entire length of the crossing, but is closed to general use and used only during emergencies and for maintenance. Various ferry services link Ireland to Britain and France. A number of options for an Irish Sea fixed crossing"
"at Heathrow Airport. Channel Tunnel Act 1987 The Channel Tunnel Act 1987 c.53 is an Act of Parliament which authorised the construction of the Channel Tunnel between the United Kingdom and France in accordance with the Treaty of Canterbury, which was signed in 1986. Section 2 of the Act forbade any public subsidy of the project. This Act enables to be written Statutory Instruments: For sea-related matters, see the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, and the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 (Juxtaposed Controls) Order 2003. The Immigration Act 1971 allows the search of vehicles and the control checkpoint"
"finally opened; it is the longest and oldest of the four and is the longest and highest canal tunnel in the United Kingdom. Having been closed to all traffic in 1943, the canal tunnel was later re-opened during May 2001. The first, single-track railway tunnel, built for the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) on their line between Huddersfield and Manchester, was completed during 1848. However, it quickly proved to have insufficient capacity and a second, parallel, single-track tunnel was opened during 1871. Finally, the LNWR opened a third, double-track tunnel nearby on 1894. All four of the tunnels are"
"over £3 million. Ten workers, eight of them British, were killed during construction between 1987 and 1993, most in the first few months of boring. A two-inch (50-mm) diameter pilot hole allowed the service tunnel to break through without ceremony on 30 October 1990. On 1 December 1990, Englishman Graham Fagg and Frenchman Phillippe Cozette broke through the service tunnel with the media watching. Eurotunnel completed the tunnel on time, and it was officially opened, one year later than originally planned, by Queen Elizabeth II and the French president, François Mitterrand, in a ceremony held in Calais on 6 May"
"complete. On 24 March 1841 Brunel was knighted by the young Queen Victoria. This was at the suggestion of Prince Albert who had shown keen interest in the progress of the tunnel. The tunnel opened on the Wapping side of the river on 1 August 1842. On 7 November 1842 Brunel suffered a stroke that paralysed his right side for a time. The Thames Tunnel finally officially opened on 25 March 1843 and Brunel, despite ill health, took part in the opening ceremony. Within 15 weeks of opening, 1,000,000 people visited the tunnel. On 26 July 1843 Queen Victoria and"
"in 1816, but a ridge of higher ground lay between this point and City Road Lock, through which a tunnel had to be driven. Work started on the tunnel, but the company had insufficient funds to continue and work stopped. Charles Munro, the chairman of the canal company prior to 1816 succeeded in brokering a deal with the Exchequer Bill Loan Commissioners, who loaned £200,000 to help completion of the canal. Work resumed in December 1817, and the canal opened on 1 August 1820. One of the main events of the opening ceremony was the arrival of boats from Manchester,"
"preserve. The casting basin for the tunnel sections was later converted into a new marina in the lower estuary. Because of the valuable fishery in the river and also because of the history of heavy metal mining in the catchment of the river, extensive ecological assessments were made both prior to the construction of the tunnel and subsequently. These studies finally concluded that no significant environmental damage had been caused. After five years of construction, the tunnel was opened in October 1991 by Queen Elizabeth II, the tunnel initially had an advisory speed limit, but this was dropped in 2007"
"world's longest underwater vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927; it consists of two tubes, each of which carries two lanes of traffic in a single direction. The entrance plaza to the westbound tunnel, Freeman Plaza, is a rectangular block, bounded clockwise from the north by Broome, Varick, Watts, and Hudson Streets. Four entrances feed into the tunnel from all corners of the block, including an entrance from Canal Street, which intersects Hudson and Watts Streets at the southwest corner of the plaza. The westbound portal is located south of Dominick Street, just north of where the four entrances merge."
"Heathrow Cargo Tunnel The Heathrow Cargo Tunnel is a road tunnel in the London Borough of Hillingdon, London, UK that serves London Heathrow Airport. In December 1968, the tunnel first opened, to connect Terminals 1, 2 and 3 to the newly opened cargo terminal at Heathrow, and it cost £2 million to build. The tunnel is not open to the public; it is used only by vehicles with security clearance to drive airside. It is used for cargo movements, and transfer of passengers to and from Terminal 4 (In 1986, Terminal 4 was built next to the cargo terminal). From"
"1940s and constructed in conjunction with the opening of the dam. 110 men were employed in the first year of construction after which the workforce reduced to 60. The tunnel was built at a cost of $3.5 million and was officially opened in 1975 by Hon. D. H. O'Neil MLA the Minister for Works and Housing on Friday 17 January 1975. The Canning Contour Channel was maintained and partially operated for two years after the tunnel's opening as a precautionary measure. Canning Tunnel The Canning Tunnel is a tunnel that originates just west of Canning Dam and runs for approximately"
"of the Channel Tunnel Project. The project to build the undersea leg between England and France began in 1986. But as work progressed, the owner, Eurotunnel, and the Anglo-French consortium responsible for design and construction, TransManche Link, were plagued by severe cost, schedule, and safety problems. By 1990, the banks funding the project got involved. When it became clear that the project was at risk, Eurotunnel called on Bechtel to get the project back on track. Hill was hired by this rescue team to perform claims analysis and mitigation. Hill had a project team working with Eurotunnel for several years"
"February 2017, by Jesse Norman, Minister for Industry and Energy. Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel (; also nicknamed the Chunnel) is a rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland. At its lowest point, it is deep below the sea bed and below sea level. At , the tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan"
"Channel Tunnel The Channel Tunnel (; also nicknamed the Chunnel) is a rail tunnel linking Folkestone, Kent, in the United Kingdom, with Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais, near Calais in northern France, beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover. It is the only fixed link between the island of Great Britain and the European mainland. At its lowest point, it is deep below the sea bed and below sea level. At , the tunnel has the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall at and deeper at below sea"
"at about ₩100 trillion (approx. US$90 billion), which would produce an extremely low benefit-to-cost result. In 2014, the South Korean Busan Development Institute estimated the undersea tunnel could create ₩54 trillion won (원54T, or US$53 billion) in economic benefits and provide about 45,000 jobs. In an April 2009 editorial, former Justice Ministers Daizō Nozawa of Japan and Kim Ki Chun of South Korea remarked on some of the similarities of the proposed Japan–Korea tunnel to the world's present longest undersea tunnel. The Channel Tunnel runs for 50.45 km linking the United Kingdom and France, and opened in May 1994: At"
"occurred in the Channel Tunnel at 13:57 GMT. The incident started on an HGV shuttle train travelling towards France. The event occurred from the French entrance to the tunnel. No one was killed but several people were taken to hospitals suffering from smoke inhalation, and minor cuts and bruises. The tunnel was closed to all traffic, with the undamaged South Tunnel reopening for limited services two days later. Full service resumed on 9 February 2009 after repairs costing €60 million. On 29 November 2012, the tunnel was closed for several hours after a truck on an HGV shuttle caught fire."
"the British end of the Channel Tunnel. It was built in two stages. The first section between the tunnel and Fawkham Junction in north Kent opened in September 2003, cutting London–Paris journey times by 21 minutes to 2 hours 35 minutes, and London–Brussels to 2 hours 20 minutes. On 14 November 2007, commercial services began over the whole of the new HS1 line. The redeveloped St Pancras International station became the new London terminus for all Eurostar services. The completion of High Speed 1 has brought the British part of Eurostar's route up to the same standards as the French"
"Shrewley Tunnel Shrewley Tunnel is a canal tunnel near Shrewley, Warwickshire, England, which opened in 1799. It became part of the Grand Union Canal in 1929. The Warwick and Birmingham Canal Company obtained an Act of Parliament in March 1793, which authorised the construction of a canal from the Digbeth Branch Canal of the Birmingham Canal Navigations to Warwick, where it would end at Saltisford Wharf. The plans showed three tunnels, at Shrewley, Rowington and Yardley, but as construction progressed, the last two became deep cuttings. This was not an option at Shrewley, as the route passed under the village."
"Kennedytunnel The Kennedytunnel is an important road, rail and bicycle tunnel to the south of Antwerp, Belgium under the Scheldt river. The road tunnel forms a part of Highway R1, the not yet completed inner ring motorway surrounding the city. Opened to road traffic on 31 May 1969, and to rail traffic on 1 February 1970, the tunnel was named after John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States. Plans for this tunnel dated from the fifties. Between 1945 and 1960 the volume of traffic going through the Waaslandtunnel had quintupled, so by the end of the fifties"
"two lanes for vehicular traffic, as well as room for three sets of tracks for rail vehicles. It was opened for automobiles on July 13, 1972, and the first train crossed the tunnel on January 31, 1973. The tunnel is 330 metres (1083 ft) long and 35 metres (115 ft) wide. The low grade required for trains makes necessary that each approach to the tunnel stretch be 4 km (2.5 miles). There was removed about 13,750,000 cubic meters (18,000,000 cubic yards) of material and construction of three viaducts on each side of the canal. As well, a solid earth plug"
"May 1992. The tunnel was constructed in three distinct sections. The centre part of the tunnel is the 370 metres of immersed tube, which is linked to cut and cover tunnels on both the Strood and Chatham banks of the river. The Medway Tunnel was opened by the Princess Royal in June 1996. In 1996, it won an award from the UK’s Concrete Society. In 2008 negotiations were completed by the Conservative Council administration which purchased the freehold of the Tunnel from the Trust for £1 with a £3.6m contribution on future costs. This has caused controversy locally as the"
"in tunnel traffic. The new eastern tunnel, in diameter, was accepted into the roads programme in March 1959, and construction started in March 1960. It was opened on 2 August 1967 by Desmond Plummer, Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC). It was wider and usable by vehicles up to . During construction, transport minister Ernest Marples clarified that unlike the Dartford Tunnel, also then under construction, tolls would not be imposed as the tunnel was already an established route. At the time of opening, the strip lighting in the tunnel was commended as ""a big improvement"" on the standard"
"allow an extra toll for using the tunnel to be charged. In 1807, famed civil engineer Thomas Telford was asked for his advice on both construction and planning for the project; in response, Telford produced his own detailed plan, which was carefully followed until the work was completed. On 9 June 1809, the two ends of the tunnel finally met. Nearly two years after that, on 26 March 1811, the tunnel was declared to be complete and a grand opening ceremony was held on 4 April; a party of invited guests, followed by several working boats, entered the tunnel at"
"in 1952 and it officially opened to traffic on November 8, 1954, at a final cost of $5 million. Its construction required the movement of of earth, and it was the first tunnel in the nation to have closed-circuit television monitoring. By 1976, upgrades to the Turnpike commenced, and by 1983 all but the Memorial Tunnel had been completed. The tunnel created a bottleneck – the 4-lane, divided highway turnpike had to merge into the two-lane, two-way traffic configuration of the tunnel, which also had a lower speed limit. This resulted in traffic backups during periods of increased traffic, such"