Which Eugene Ionescu play tells the story of 'Berenger' who watches helplessly as the inhabitants of his provincial French town all turn into the namesake animal?
"The Killer (play) The Killer (, sometimes translated ""The Killer without Reason"" or ""The Killer without Cause"") is a play written by Eugène Ionesco in 1958. It is the first of Ionesco's Berenger plays, the others being ""Rhinocéros"" (1959), ""Exit the King"" (1962), and ""A Stroll in the Air"" (1963). In ""The Killer"", Berenger, Ionesco’s downtrodden everyman, discovers an ideal ""radiant city"". The elation Berenger feels in the city of light is cut short by the discovery that the city is host to a killer who drowns his victims in a pool after luring them there by offering to show"
"and his mind. Alone, he finds himself in the wrong and attempts to change into a rhinoceros. He struggles and fails. He returns to the mirror, face-to-face with his fate and breaks down as he struggles to accept the place he has given himself. Suddenly, he snaps out of it and renews his vow to take on the rhinos. Bérenger valiantly shouts ""I'm not capitulating!"" The American scholar Anne Quinney argues that the play, while obviously not based on real events, was autobiographical, and reflected Ionesco's own youth in Romania. Ionesco was born in Romania to a Romanian father and"
"abandoned the French ideas about universal human rights in favor of the death cult of the Legion, was a ""betrayal"" both personally and in a wider political sense of the sort of society Romania should be. As a young writer and playwright in 1930s Bucharest who associated with many leading figures of the ""intelligentsia"", Ionesco felt more and more out of place as he clung to his humanist values while his friends all joined the Legion, feeling much as Bérenger does by the end of ""Rhinoceros"" as literally the last human being left on an earth overrun by rhinoceroses. In"
"comically naïve, engaging the audience's sympathy. In ""The Killer"" he encounters death in the figure of a serial killer. In ""Rhinocéros"" he watches his friends turning into rhinoceroses one by one until he alone stands unchanged against this mass movement. It is in this play that Ionesco most forcefully expresses his horror of ideological conformism, inspired by the rise of the fascist Iron Guard in Romania in the 1930s. ""Le Roi se meurt"" translated as ""Exit the King"" (1962) shows him as King Bérenger I, an everyman figure who struggles to come to terms with his own death. Ionesco's later"
"and obsession with the rhinoceroses. The play is often read as a response and criticism to the sudden upsurge of Fascism and Nazism during the events preceding World War II, and explores the themes of conformity, culture, fascism, responsibility, logic, mass movements, mob mentality, philosophy and morality. The play starts in the town square of a small provincial French village. Two friends – the eloquent, intellectual but extremely prideful Jean, and the simplistic, shy, kind-hearted drunkard Bérenger – meet up in a coffee house to talk about an unspecified urgent matter. Instead of talking about what they were supposed to,"
"and material objects gaining a life of their own, increasingly overwhelming the characters and creating a sense of menace. With ""Tueur sans gages"" translated as ""The Killer"" (1959; his second full-length play, the first being ""Amédée, ou Comment s'en débarrasser"" in 1954), Ionesco began to explore more sustained dramatic situations featuring more humanized characters. Notably this includes Bérenger, a central character in a number of Ionesco's plays, the last of which is ""Le Piéton de l'air"" translated as ""A Stroll in the Air"". Bérenger is a semi-autobiographical figure expressing Ionesco's wonderment and anguish at the strangeness of reality. He is"
"into rhinoceros in his play as indicating that when an individual becomes part of a herd mindlessly following others, such a man or a woman lose part of their humanity. Ionesco chose to stay in Romania to fight against the ""rhinocerisation"" of the ""intelligentsia"", despite the fact that one by one his friends all become members of the Legion, or refused to talk him out of cowardice until the regime of General Ion Antonescu passed a law in 1940 that forbade all Jews (defined in racial terms) from participating in the arts in Romania in any way or form. Quinney"
"argued that Ionesco's ""théâtre de l'absurde"" plays were a form of ""lashing out"" against his friends who in his youth had abandoned him for the Legion, and reflected his dual identity as both Romanian and French. Quinney maintained that terror felt by Bérenger at being the last human left in the world reflected Ionesco's own terror as saw his friends caught up in youthful idealism all become Legionaries while the rest were either too cynical or cowardly to resist the Legion. Quinney further argued that the ""Rhinoceros"" was an allegory of and attack on the Legion of the Archangel Michael"
"youth, he had the ""strange responsibility"" of being himself, feeling like the last (metaphorical) human being in Romania as : ""all around me men were metamorphosed into beasts, rhinoceros...You would run into an old friend, and all of sudden, right before your eyes, he would start to change. It was if his gloves had become paws, his shoes hoofs. You could no longer talk intelligently with him for he was not a rational human being"". Quinney noted that in both French and English, the word rhinoceros is both a singular and plural term, and argued that Ionesco made people transform"
"has been ignored by literary scholars who have seen Ionesco only as a French playwright and neglected the fact that Ionesco saw himself as both Romanian and French. In April 1960 the play was performed by the English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre in London, England under the direction of Orson Welles with Laurence Olivier as Bérenger, Joan Plowright as Daisy, and Michael Bates, Miles Malleson and Peter Sallis in the cast. The production moved to the Strand Theatre (now the Novello Theatre) that June. Following the move Dudard and Daisy were played by Michael Gough and Maggie"
"Exit the King Exit the King () is an absurdist drama by Eugène Ionesco that premiered in 1962. It is the third in Ionesco's ""Berenger Cycle"", preceded by ""The Killer"" (1958) and ""Rhinocéros"" (1959), and followed by ""A Stroll in the Air"" (1963). In the other plays of the ""Berenger Cycle"", Berenger appears as a depressed and insecure everyman who is prone to sentimentality. In ""Exit the King"", he is the solipsistic and belligerent King Berenger the First who was apparently at one point able to command nature and force others to obey his will. According to his first wife"
"Eugène Ionesco Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu, ; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre. Beyond ridiculing the most banal situations, Ionesco's plays depict the solitude and insignificance of human existence in a tangible way. Ionesco was born in Slatina, Romania, to a Romanian father belonging to the Orthodox Christian church and a mother of French and Romanian heritage, whose faith was Protestant (the faith into which her father was born and to which her originally Greek Orthodox Christian mother"
"a brown animal in the past, as well as their families and friends. Its theme and progression of its plot are similar to those of Ich habe geschwiegen poem using anaphora, wrote in Dachau by Pastor Martin Niemöller (text reviewed by Bertolt Brecht). The theme of brown Morning is also very close to that of the playwright Eugène Ionesco has developed in his play Rhinoceros. Vincent Josse and France Inter have developed a CD-book edited by Night in 2002, played by Jacques Bonnaffé and Denis Podalydès, with music by Christian Zanési (from affected areas) and Bruno Letort (from electronic Fables)"
"<br> Characters<br> The Hermit (novel) The Hermit (French title ""Le Solitaire"") is 1973 novel and is the only novel of Romanian-French absurdist playwright Eugène Ionesco.<br> Summary<br> the novel follows an unnamed middle-aged Frenchman who has recently become wealthy due to an American uncle’s inheritance. The main character decides to quit the job he has been working at for 15 years with his new-found wealth. The story follows the main character on his every decision and thoughts after quitting his job. Between the everyday look at his life the protagonist often stops and has philosophical thoughts and this causes him to"
"and/or inane views. In the first act of the play, the characters spend much time debating whether the rhinoceroses that have mysteriously appeared in France are African or Asian rhinoceroses, and which of the two types were superior to the other - a debate that Ionesco meant to be a satire on racism. Regardless of whether the rhinoceros are African or Asian, the French characters comfortably assume their superiority to the rhinoceros; ironically the same people all become rhinoceroses themselves. Bérenger's friend Jean judges the superiority of African vs. Asian rhinoceroses by their number of horns (making him a caricature"
"Chantecler (play) Chantecler is a verse play in four acts written by Edmond Rostand. The play is notable in that all the characters are farmyard animals including the main protagonist, a chanticleer, or rooster. The play centers on the theme of idealism and spiritual sincerity, as contrasted with cynicism and artificiality. Much of the play satirizes modernist artistic doctrines from Rostand's romanticist perspective. Rostand was inspired to write the play after spending time in the farm country around his home in the south of France, where he had moved for health reasons after the phenomenal success of ""Cyrano de Bergerac"""
"Theater Bucharest. The story is among those of Ion Creangă's that have been known to an English-speaking audience since the interwar period, when they were first circulate din translation. According to British author Paul Bailey, the versions rely on archaisms and are unsatisfactory; he recommended new translations, in particular one of the ""terribly amusing"" ""Ivan Turbincă"". Ivan Turbincă ""Ivan Turbincă"" (; in full Povestea lui Ivan Turbincă, ""The Story of Ivan Turbincă"") is an 1880 short story, fairy tale and satirical text by Romanian writer Ion Creangă, echoing themes common in Romanian and European folklore. It recounts the adventures of"
"professors and writers and lawyers, blue-stockings and artists and people and ordinary men in the street as well-it would be very interesting and instructive. But when you're involved yourself, when you suddenly find yourself up against brutal facts, you can't help feeling directly concerned-the shock is too violent for you to stay detached. Besides alluding to the German occupation, lines such as these also recall Ionesco's youth in Romania in the 1930s. Bérenger, the hard-drinking, slovenly, kindly everyman is regarded as the alter ego of Ionesco. In an interview, Ionesco said: The rhinoceroses, rhinoceritis and rhinoceration are current matters and"
"was making a movie for an audience made up entirely of rhinoceroses instead of people.” Rhinoceros (film) Rhinoceros is a 1974 American comedy film based on the play ""Rhinocéros"" by Eugène Ionesco. The film was produced by Ely Landau for the American Film Theatre, which presented thirteen film adaptations of plays in the United States from 1973 to 1975. The residents of a large town are inexplicably turning into rhinoceroses. Stanley (Gene Wilder), a mild-mannered office clerk, watches the bizarre transformations from a bemused distance. But soon the strange occurrences invade his personal space, as his neighbor and best friend"
"do the other characters) that his loud and ferocious roar in the play will frighten the ladies of power in the audience and get Quince and all his actors hanged. In the end, the lion's part is revised to explain that he is in fact not a lion and means the audience no harm. Snug is often played as a stupid man, a manner describing almost all of the Mechanicals. Snug is the only Mechanical to whom the playwright did not assign a first name. In Jean-Louis and Jules Supervielle's french adaptation, ""Le Songe d'une nuit d'été"" (1959), Snug is"
"the boy is enlisted in the village's textile trade, and becomes a spinner. It is there that he meets Măriuca, a daughter his age, for whom he develops a sympathy. She jokingly assigns him the nickname ""Ion Torcălău"" (""Ion the Spinster""), which causes him some embarrassment for being shared with a Romani man, and therefore crossing a traditional ethnic divide. Nică is shown to be enjoying the work despite the fact that it is traditionally performed by women, but he is irritated by additional tasks such as babysitting his youngest sibling. Disobeying his mother's word, the boy leaves the cradle"
"Shakespeare Theatre of New Jersey, whose consistent excellence has become a byword - then now's the time,"" In July 2018, the National Theatre in London put on a production directed by Patrick Marber starring Rhys Ifans in the role of the King. It was met with mixed reviews. Exit the King Exit the King () is an absurdist drama by Eugène Ionesco that premiered in 1962. It is the third in Ionesco's ""Berenger Cycle"", preceded by ""The Killer"" (1958) and ""Rhinocéros"" (1959), and followed by ""A Stroll in the Air"" (1963). In the other plays of the ""Berenger Cycle"", Berenger"
"The Hermit (novel) The Hermit (French title ""Le Solitaire"") is 1973 novel and is the only novel of Romanian-French absurdist playwright Eugène Ionesco.<br> Summary<br> the novel follows an unnamed middle-aged Frenchman who has recently become wealthy due to an American uncle’s inheritance. The main character decides to quit the job he has been working at for 15 years with his new-found wealth. The story follows the main character on his every decision and thoughts after quitting his job. Between the everyday look at his life the protagonist often stops and has philosophical thoughts and this causes him to become depressed."
"you single out a disease that was born in this century. Humanity is besieged by certain diseases, physiologically and organically, but the ""spirit"" too is periodically besieged by certain diseases. You discovered a disease of the 20th century, which could be called after my famous play, rhinoceritis. For a while, one can say that a man is rhinocerised by stupidity or baseness. But there are people-honest and intelligent-who in their turn may suffer the unexpected onset of this disease, even the dear and close ones may suffer...It happened to my friends. That's why I left Romania. Aspects of Bérenger who"
"Rhinoceros (film) Rhinoceros is a 1974 American comedy film based on the play ""Rhinocéros"" by Eugène Ionesco. The film was produced by Ely Landau for the American Film Theatre, which presented thirteen film adaptations of plays in the United States from 1973 to 1975. The residents of a large town are inexplicably turning into rhinoceroses. Stanley (Gene Wilder), a mild-mannered office clerk, watches the bizarre transformations from a bemused distance. But soon the strange occurrences invade his personal space, as his neighbor and best friend John (Zero Mostel) and his girlfriend Daisy (Karen Black) become part of the human-into-rhinoceros metamorphosis"
"up amassing a huge fortune, which he keeps inside his belly and regurgitates back into the courtyard; the jealous old woman ends up killing her favorite hen, who has failed in replicating the rooster's feat. Several of Creangă's characteristic novellas are infused with themes from Christian mythology, fictionalizing God, Saint Peter and the army of devils, most often with the comedic intent of showing such personages behaving like regular people. A defining story in this series is ""Dănilă Prepeleac"", whose eponymous peasant hero is characterized by what Șerban Anghelescu calls ""idiocy serving to initiate"", or, according to Gabriela Ursachi, ""complete,"
"of Wang Yansong in 2006. The play was made into a 1981 film ""The Savage Land"", and an opera, of the same name by composer Jin Xiang, in 1987. The Wilderness (play) The Wilderness or The Savage Land (原野 Yuanye) is a 1936 play by Cao Yu. The play was influenced by Eugene O'Neill's expressionist theatre and relates a succession of murders and stories of revenge set in a forest. At the time the play was published, social realism was the rage in China, and critics were not pleased with the work's supernatural and fantastical elements. There was a resurgence"
"the conflicting background story of the corpse parallels the old couple's conflicting stories about their children. Amédée is also in many ways the prototype of Bérenger, one of Ionesco's most commonly used characters; specifically, many of the actions and themes presage ""A Stroll in the Air"" (1963), Ionesco's fourth Bérenger play: both Amédée and Bérenger are frustrated artists, both take a moment to appreciate the beauty around them, and both fly away leaving their spouses behind. Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It Amédée, or How to Get Rid of It () is a play written by Eugène Ionesco"
"was translated into English by Mary Hoeck as ""Bacchus"". Translation has been published in ""The Infernal Machine and Other Plays"" (1963). Bacchus (play) Bacchus is a 1951 play written by French dramatist Jean Cocteau. His last full-length play, it is set in a small German town in 1523, which is holding a Bacchic carnival. As part of the festivities, the village idiot is declared king for a week, and he suddenly becomes rational ""and preaches an anarchic message of love and freedom, which results in his being sentenced to burn at the stake."" It was opened in Théâtre Marigny in"
"titled ""Born Again"" at the Chichester Festival Theatre, by Peter Hall, Julian Barry and composer Jason Carr. The setting was relocated to an American shopping mall. The 2008 comedy horror film ""Zombie Strippers"" is a loose adaptation of the play, but with zombies instead of rhinoceros. The Royal Court Theatre revived the play in 2007 and starred Benedict Cumberbatch as Bérenger and directed by Dominic Cooke. The Bangalore Little Theatre, in collaboration with the Alliance Française de Bangalore, presented Eugene Ionesco’s Rhinoceros, a play in the Theatre of the Absurd tradition.This adaptation is written by Dr.Vijay Padaki, a veteran in"
"and enhance his theatrical conception"". The greatest changes that Perrot made to the basic plot were the change of location from the darkly evocative Danube to the sunnier shores of Sicily, and the transformation of the aristocratic Sir Huldbrand into the humble fisherman Matteo, while Undine's rival Bertalda became the orphan Giannina. In many ways, Perrot's ballet is more similar to René-Charles Guilbert de Pixerécourt's play of the story, ""Ondine, ou la Nymphe des Eaux"", which was first presented in Paris in 1830 while Perrot was also performing there. During his engagement as ""Premier Maître de Ballet"" of the St."
"that is taking place. Eventually, Stanley realizes he will be the only human left. In adapting Ionesco’s play, several changes were made to the original text. The setting was switched from France to a then-contemporary United States, complete with a photograph of President Richard Nixon that was comically venerated, and the lead characters Bérenger and Jean were renamed Stanley and John. A new music score by Galt MacDermot was created for the film and a dream sequence was added to the story. Tom O'Horgan, a theater director best known for his staging of the original Broadway production of the musical"
"including many verse works, most are in the historical drama genre. Manolescu, who argues that ""the best"" of them have a medieval setting, writes that ""Constantin Brâncoveanu"", ""Un domn pribeag"" and ""Cantemir bătrânul"" are ""without any interest"". Iorga's other work for the stage also includes the ""five-act fairy tale"" ""Frumoasa fără trup"" (""Bodyless Beauty""), which repeats a motif found in Romanian folklore, and a play about Jesus Christ (where Jesus is not shown, but heard). Iorga's poems include odes to Poland, written shortly after the 1939 German invasion, described by author Nicolae Mareș as ""unparalleled in any other literature"". Overall,"