Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was executed in October 1917, by what name is she better known?
"Offensive. German intelligence was only ever able to recruit a very small number of spies. These were trained at an academy run by the Kriegsnachrichtenstelle in Antwerp and headed by Elsbeth Schragmüller, known as ""Fräulein Doktor"". These agents were generally isolated and unable to rely on a large support network for the relaying of information. The most famous German spy was Margaretha Geertruida Zelle, a Dutch exotic dancer with the stage name Mata Hari. As a Dutch subject, she was able to cross national borders freely. In 1916, she was arrested and brought to London where she was interrogated at"
"it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose information sent thousands of soldiers to their deaths, as has been claimed"". Zelle was executed by a firing squad of 12 French Soldiers just before dawn on 15 October 1917. She was 41. According to an eyewitness account by British reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew a kiss to the firing squad. Zelle has often been portrayed as a ""femme fatale"", the dangerous, seductive woman who uses her sexuality to effortlessly manipulate men, but others view her differently: in the words of the American"
"taken prisoner by the royal army in 1817. She was subjected to torture to get her to reveal the names of other rebels, but she refused to give information to the Spaniards. Finally she was tried and found guilty of treason. Sentenced to death, she and one of her fellow insurgents were executed on 11 October 1817 at the Plazuela de San Agustín in Pátzcuaro. Facing the firing squad, she harangued her executioners before she was shot. She was 52 years old. She is known in Mexico as """"La Heroína de Pátzcuaro"""" (The Heroine of Pátzcuaro). A plaza was named"
"Gesche Gottfried Gesche Margarethe Gottfried, born Gesche Margarethe Timm (6 March 1785 - 21 April 1831), was a serial killer who murdered 15 people by arsenic poisoning in Bremen and Hanover, Germany, between 1813 and 1827. She was the last person to be publicly executed in the city of Bremen. Gottfried was born into a poor family, she had a twin brother, Johann Timm Junior. Her parents, Johann Timm and Gesche Margarethe Timm, always had a preference for her brother. The reasons behind Gottfried's crimes remains unclear and widely debated, but the emotional deprivation she suffered during her childhood and"
"life of her latest victim, Friedrich Kleine. It was the night of March 6, 1828, the day of her 43rd birthday, when she was arrested. She was sentenced to death by decapitation. She was publicly executed on April 21, 1831. It was the last public execution in the history of Bremen. Gottfried 's deathmask was made to study the facial patterns of criminal women. This is within the field of study of now obsolete phrenology. Gesche Gottfried Gesche Margarethe Gottfried, born Gesche Margarethe Timm (6 March 1785 - 21 April 1831), was a serial killer who murdered 15 people by"
"1916 a Belgian woman, Gabrielle Petit, was executed by a German firing squad at Schaerbeek after being convicted of spying for the British Secret Service during World War I. During the Battle of the Bulge in World War II, three captured German spies were tried and executed by a U.S. firing squad at Henri-Chapelle on 23 December 1944. Thirteen other Germans were also tried and shot at either Henri-Chapelle or Huy. These executed spies took part in Waffen-SS commando Otto Skorzeny's Operation Greif, in which English-speaking German commandos operated behind U.S. lines, masquerading in U.S. uniforms and equipment. The Brazilian"
"length by Sir Basil Thomson, Assistant Commissioner at New Scotland Yard. She eventually claimed to be working for French intelligence. In fact, she had entered German service from 1915, and sent her reports to the mission in the German embassy in Madrid. In January 1917, the German military attaché in Madrid transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21. French intelligence agents intercepted the messages and, from the information it contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. She was executed by firing squad on 15 October 1917. German spies in Britain did not meet"
"she became part of an espionage network directed from the German Embassy in Madrid, which she visited frequently. French intelligence suspected her because of her travels to Spain. They intercepted messages from the German Embassy in Madrid mentioning an agent H-21. By giving her false military information, the French were able to confirm that Mata Hari was H-21. She was arrested on February 13, 1917, at the Hotel Élysée Palace, then tried and convicted of espionage on July 24. At dawn on October 15, 1917, she was taken to the moat of the Château of Vincennes and executed by a"
"lamps' significance. ""The memorial is an expression of atonement for the injustice that took place here. It will be an eternal light for Anna Göldi."" On August 20, 2017, the Anna Göldi Museum was opened in the Hänggiturm building. The life of Göldi has been the subject of a musical, with Göldi performed by Masha Karell. Anna Göldi Anna Göldi (also Anna Göldin or Anna Goeldin, 24 October 1734 – 13 June 1782) was an 18th-century Swiss woman who was the last person to be executed in Europe for witchcraft. Göldi, who was executed by decapitation, has been called the"
"Army of Soviet troops, Bösel fled the camp with her husband. She was later caught and arrested by British troops. Bösel, along with other female guards including Dorothea Binz, stood accused at the first Ravensbrück Trial, which took place between December 1946 and February 1947 in Hamburg, Germany. The court found her guilty of maltreatment, murder and taking part in the ""selections"". She was executed for her crimes at 9:55 am on 3 May 1947, 24 minutes after Elisabeth Marschall, by Albert Pierrepoint in Hameln prison. Greta Bösel Greta Bösel (née Mueller) (9 May 1908 – 3 May 1947) was"
"Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets with Germany in exchange for money, though whether this was because of greed or an attempt to set up a meeting with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear. In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely matched Zelle's that it was patently obvious that Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari. The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in a code that German intelligence knew"
"His accomplices received lesser penalties, and after appeal, the death sentence (as was practice at the time) was changed in Svea Hovrätt (appellate court) to a lifetime of hard labour. Hadjetlaché allegedly succumbed to mental illness in jail, and died in confinement in Långholmen in 1929. The last woman sentenced to death – also the last death sentence ""not to be reprieved"" – was the ""angelmaker"" Hilda Nilsson, who was sentenced to the guillotine on 14 July 1917 for the murder of several infant children. She preempted the execution by hanging herself in her cell in Landskrona Citadel. It is"
"the group were executed by sword, and the women, including Margaretha, were executed by drowning. A memorial plaque at the site of his execution near Rottenburg am Neckar reads: ""The Baptist Michael Sattler was executed by burning after severe torture on 20 May 1527 here on the ""Gallows Hill"". He died as a true witness of Jesus Christ. His wife Margaretha and other members of the congregation were drowned and burned. They acted for the baptism of those who want to follow Christ, for an independent congregation of the faithful, for the peaceful message of the Sermon on the Mount."""
"survived. However, Lenin's health never fully recovered from the attack and it is believed the shooting contributed to the strokes that incapacitated and eventually killed him in 1924. Kaplan was taken into custody and interrogated by the Cheka. She made the following statement: When it became clear that Kaplan would not implicate any accomplices, she was executed in Alexander Garden, on September 3, 1918 with a bullet to the back of the head. Her corpse was bundled into a barrel, and set alight. The order came from Yakov Sverdlov who, just six weeks before, had ordered the execution of the"
"Elizabeth Stride Elizabeth ""Long Liz"" Stride (née Gustafsdotter; 27 November 1843 – 30 September 1888) is believed to have been a victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer called Jack the Ripper, who killed and mutilated several women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888. Stride was nicknamed ""Long Liz"". Several explanations have been given for this pseudonym; some believe it came from her married surname ""Stride"" because a stride is a long step, while others believe it was either because of her height, or the shape of her face. At the time of"
"Juanita Spinelli Evelita Juanita Spinelli (October 17, 1889 - November 22, 1941) nicknamed The Duchess, was the first woman to be executed by the state of California. She was a gangster and ex-wrestler. FBI profiler Candice DeLong described Spinelli as a ""stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."" Young delinquent homeless men were regularly taken into her house. She would cook and clean for them and train them to be professional criminals. Her daughter, Gypsy, regularly used a honey trap to snare drunken men, who were consequently mugged. The"
"""One more moment, Mr. Executioner, I beg you!"" She was buried in the Madeleine Cemetery, like many other executed during the Terror—including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Although her French estate went to the ""Tribunal de Paris"", the jewels she had smuggled out of France to England were sold by auction at Christie's in London in 1795. Colonel Johann Keglevich, the brother of Major General Stephan Bernhard Keglevich, took part in the Battle of Mainz in 1795 with Hessian mercenaries who were financed by the British Empire with the money from this sale. Food<br> Many dishes are named after du"
"her. Her mother had even travelled to Berlin to lobby the justice department. These efforts proved fruitless, however. A guillotine had been installed inside the Vienna District Court complex (""""Wiener Landesgericht"""") in 1938, shortly after the annexation. Margarete Jost was executed on it on 15 January 1943. Her final words, reportedly, were ""Es lebe die Freiheit!"" (""loosely, ""Long live freedom""""). Grete Jost Grete Jost (26 May 1916 - 15 January 1943) was a Viennese communist resistance activist against Austrofascism and, after 1938, against National Socialism. Margarete ""Gretl"" Jost was born at the height of the First World War into a"
"not spared. She and the other defendants sentenced to death were publicly tortured and executed on January 13, 1759, in a field near Lisbon. The king was present with his bewildered court. The Távoras were their peers and kin, but the prime minister wanted the lesson driven home. Afterwards the ground was salted, to prevent future growth of vegetation. To this day, in this location there remains an alley called ""Beco do Chão Salgado"" (""alley of the salted ground""); on its corner stands a shame memorial with an inscription just below waist height, overlooked by no saints' statues in niches"
"Grethe Bartram Maren Margrethe Thomsen, known as Maren Margrethe ""Grethe"" Bartram and ""Thora"" (23 February 1924 – January 2017), was a Danish woman who informed on at least 53 people from the Danish resistance movement during the Second World War, resulting in the early communist resistance groups being dismantled and many of their members being sent to Nazi concentration camps. Bartram informed on her brother, husband and close acquaintances. Bartram was given the death penalty after the war. The sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1947. In 1956 she was released and moved to Halland in Sweden where"
"Some of the strike leaders were arrested and imprisoned for hindering the war effort. As the command center of the French military and the French economy, Paris was a priority target for German espionage. The most famous spy was a Dutch citizen named Margarethe Zelle, better known as Mata Hari. Born in the Netherlands, she moved to Paris in 1903 and became first a circus horseback rider, then an exotic dancer, then a courtesan as the mistress of a prominent Lyon industrialist, Émile Étienne Guimet, the founder of the Musée Guimet of Asian art in Paris. When the war began,"
"discovered when a woman named Blenda Henricsson wanted to contact her child. When Nilsson refused contact, Henricsson asked the police to investigate. The police soon found ample incriminating evidence of the murders. Nilsson was sentenced to death by guillotine. Before the punishment could be carried out, she committed suicide by hanging on 10 August 1917. The same day, and without Nilsson's knowledge, the court had commuted her death sentence to life imprisonment. She was the last death penalty prisoner in Swedish history not to be pardoned. She died before the pardon could be officially carried out. Hilda Nilsson Hilda Nilsson"
"sentenced her with the words: """"Brita Zippel can not be acquitted, but shall be decapitated and her body shall well deservedly be burned at the stake for others as warning, and justly so."" "" The execution took place in the square of Hötorget, in the city of Stockholm on 29 April 1676. The three condemned women behaved differently. Anna Månsdotter committed suicide before the execution, though her body was still publicly decapitated and burned. Anna Zippel was passive and numb. Brita Zippel, however, did not go to her execution quietly. All the way to the execution, she shook her shackles,"
"the other three were commuted to penal servitude, but Köbis and Reichpietsch were executed by firing squad on 5 September 1917. These executions were denounced as ""naval judicial murders"" by Marxist politicians and newspapers, and helped trigger the Naval Mutinies of 1918, which led to the collapse of the German Empire. This has made Köbis and Reichpietsch heroes of the German socialist movement. After World War II the name of an East Berlin street near the East German Navy headquarters was renamed Köbisstrasse. A television play about the case, ""Marinemeuterei 1917"", was shown on West German television in 1969, directed"
"stand, and read the sentence of execution. Maria and her family had time only to utter a few incoherent sounds of shock or protest before the death squad under Yurovsky's command began shooting. It was the early hours of 17 July 1918. The first volley of gunfire killed the Tsar, the Empress and two male servants, and wounded the family's doctor and the empress' maidservant. Maria tried to escape through the doors at the rear of the room, which led to a storage area, but the doors were nailed shut. The noise as she rattled the doors attracted the attention"
"March to June and from August to October. Sisa was a commander of the siege, and played the crucial role following Katari's capture in April. The siege was broken by colonial troops who advanced from Lima and Buenos Aires. Bartolina Sisa was captured and executed by the Spanish on September 5, 1782. She was hanged after being publicly humiliated in the Colonial Square (now Plaza Murillo), beaten and raped. Once dead, the Spanish cut her body into pieces, showed her head in public to intimidate the natives, and sent her limbs to be exhibited in different villages. In her honour,"
"Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg. Anna Demidova Anna Stepanovna Demidova (26 January 1878 – July 17, 1918) was a lady-in-waiting in the service of Tsarina Alexandra of Russia, who was executed alongside her employer in 1918. She shared the Romanov family's exile at Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and was executed alongside them on July 17, 1918. She was canonized as an Orthodox martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1981, but not by the Russian Orthodox Church. She is remembered for staying with the Romanovs' to the end. Demidova, whose nickname was ""Nyuta,"" was"
"was executed November 22, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber, at San Quentin State Prison, San Quentin, California Her story was dramatized on TV in the Gang Busters episode,""The Duchess Spinelli Case"". Juanita Spinelli Evelita Juanita Spinelli (October 17, 1889 - November 22, 1941) nicknamed The Duchess, was the first woman to be executed by the state of California. She was a gangster and ex-wrestler. FBI profiler Candice DeLong described Spinelli as a ""stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."" Young delinquent homeless men were"
"Bathsheba Spooner Bathsheba Ruggles Spooner (February 15, 1746 – July 2, 1778) was the first woman to be executed in the United States following the Declaration of Independence. The daughter of a prominent Colonial American lawyer, justice and military officer, Bathsheba Ruggles had an arranged marriage to a wealthy farmer, Joshua Spooner. She then became lovers with a young soldier from the Continental Army, Ezra Ross, and became pregnant. She enlisted the assistance of Ross and two others to murder her husband. On the night of March 1, 1778, one of them beat Joshua Spooner to death and they put"
"Brussels who was involved in a network helping allied prisoners to escape. This was in violation of German military law, and as a result she was court-martialled for treason, and having been found guilty was executed in 1915. The story was reported, however, in a way that presented the event as the murder of an innocent houser of refugees. Following her death, the story was reproduced by Wellington House for many propaganda campaigns, both domestically and to the United States. Pamphlets and images depicted her execution as an act of German barbarity. Soon after this incident, the French shot two"
"the announcement that the king of Saxony had refused to pardon Grete Beier for her crime."" Grete Beier Grete Beier (September 15, 1885 – July 23, 1908) was the last woman who was publicly executed in the Kingdom of Saxony. Her inter-related crimes included fraud, abortion, conspiracy to commit the murder of a witness, and the actual murder of her formal fiancé. Marie Margarethe (nickname, Grete) Beier was born September 15, 1885, in Brand-Erbisdorf. She was the daughter of Brander Mayor Ernst Theodor Beier and his wife Ida Karoline, née Clausnitzer. In 1905, she met the clerk Johannes Heinrich Merker"
"as nonsense. Afterwards, Lockhart was placed in the same holding cell as Fanya Kaplan whom their watchful Chekist jailers hoped might betray some sign of recognizing Lockhart or other British agents. However, while confined together, Kaplan showed no sign of recognition towards Lockhart or anyone else. When it became clear that Kaplan would not implicate any accomplices, she was executed in the Kremlin's Alexander Garden on 3 September 1918, with a bullet to the back of the head. Her corpse was bundled into a rusted iron barrel and set alight. Lockhart was later released and deported in exchange for Maxim"
"said it was probably a good thing she was to be executed, as she did not think she would be able to stop. Anna Maria Zwanziger Anna Margaretha Zwanziger (7 August 1760 – 17 September 1811) was a German serial killer. She used arsenic, which she referred to as ""her truest friend"". From 1801 until 1811, Zwanziger was employed as a housekeeper at the home of several judges in Germany. She would poison her employers with arsenic, and then nurse them back to health to gain their favour. She poisoned three people, and attempted to poison several others She killed"