The adjective hircine refers to which animal?
"""nannies"", intact males are called ""bucks"" or ""billies"" and juvenile goats of both sexes are called ""kids"". Castrated males are called ""wethers"". While the words ""hircine"" and ""caprine"" both refer to anything having a goat-like quality, ""hircine"" is used most often to emphasize the distinct smell of domestic goats. In 2011, there were more than 924 million goats living in the world, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. The Modern English word ""goat"" comes from Old English ""gāt"" ""she-goat, goat in general"", which in turn derives from Proto-Germanic *""gaitaz"" (cf. Dutch/Icelandic ""geit"", German ""Geiß"", and Gothic ""gaits""), ultimately"
"Hydrocynus Hydrocynus is a genus of large characin fish in the family Alestidae commonly called ""tigerfish,"" endemic to the African continent. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (""water"") + κύων (""dog""). (In fact, this fish is popularly referred to as ""poisson chien"" (dog fish) in French-speaking West Africa.) The genus contains five species, all popularly known as ""African Tigerfish"" for their fierce predatory behaviour and other characteristics that make them excellent game fish. ""Hydrocynus"" are normally ""piscivorous"" but ""H. vittatus"" is the only freshwater fish proven to prey on birds in flight. The earliest fossils which have"
"Thylacine The thylacine ( , or , also ; ""Thylacinus cynocephalus"") was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times. It is commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger (because of its striped lower back) or the Tasmanian wolf (because of its canid-like appearance, traits and attributes). Native to continental Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea, it is believed to have become extinct in the 20th century. It was the last extant member of its family, Thylacinidae; specimens of other members of the family have been found in the fossil record dating back to the late Oligocene. Surviving evidence suggests that it"
"unrelated erinaceomorph hedgehogs and Australian monotreme echidnas. The name ""porcupine"" comes from Latin ""porcus"" pig + ""spina"" spine, quill, via Old Italian—Middle French—Middle English. A regional American name for the animal is quill pig. Fossils belonging to the genus ""Hystrix"" date back to the late Miocene of Africa. A porcupine is any of 58 species of rodents belonging to the families Erethizontidae (genera: ""Coendou"", ""Erethizon"", and ""Chaetomys"") or Hystricidae (genera: ""Atherurus"", ""Hystrix"", and ""Trichys""). Porcupines vary in size considerably: Rothschild's porcupine of South America weighs less than a kilogram (2.2 lb); the crested porcupine found in Italy, Sicily, North Africa,"
"the Western race as ""H. h. pacificus"", but there has been doubt on the validity of this taxon. Harlequin duck The harlequin duck (""Histrionicus histrionicus"") is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (French ""Arlequin"", Italian ""Arlecchino""), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin word ""histrio"", ""actor"". In North America it is also known as lords and ladies. Other names include painted duck, totem pole duck, rock duck, glacier duck, mountain duck, white-eyed diver, squeaker and blue streak. Adult breeding males have a colorful and complex plumage pattern. The head"
"Harlequin duck The harlequin duck (""Histrionicus histrionicus"") is a small sea duck. It takes its name from Harlequin (French ""Arlequin"", Italian ""Arlecchino""), a colourfully dressed character in Commedia dell'arte. The species name comes from the Latin word ""histrio"", ""actor"". In North America it is also known as lords and ladies. Other names include painted duck, totem pole duck, rock duck, glacier duck, mountain duck, white-eyed diver, squeaker and blue streak. Adult breeding males have a colorful and complex plumage pattern. The head and neck are dark slate blue with a large white crescent marking in front of the eye, a"
"the coexistence between these two large predators. Magericyon Magericyon is an extinct genus of Amphicyonid (""bear-dog"") that lived during the Miocene 10-9 Ma (Vallesian Age) in what is now Spain. The appearance of this animal was vaguely similar to that of a particularly robust, large felid, but the skull resembles that of a canid or an ursid, like that of many amphicyonids. Unlike most other amphicyonids, ""Magericyon"" had teeth associated with those of a hypercarnivore, with laterally flattened canines, the third premolar having a single root, the absence of second premolars and a metaconid on its lower molars, with a"
"Hericium Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the Hericiaceae family. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue. This distinctive structure has earned ""Hericium"" species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously placed within the order Aphyllophorales, but recent molecular studies now place it in the Russulales. ""Hericium"" means ""hedgehog"" in Latin. The genus"
"Amphicyon Amphicyon (""ambiguous dog"") is an extinct genus of large carnivorous bone-crushing mammals, popularly known as bear dogs, of the family Amphicyonidae, subfamily Amphicyoninae, from the Burdigalian Epoch until the late Pliocene. They ranged over North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from 16.9—2.6 Ma ago, existing approximately . ""Amphicyon"" was the typical bear-dog amphicyonid with morphology similar to both bears and dogs. With its robust build and maximum length of 2.5 m (8 ft), the largest species looked more like a bear than a dog. It had a large heavy tail, thick neck, robust limbs and teeth like a wolf."
"means thorn pig. Its roots derive from the Latin words ""porcus"" or pig and ""spina"" meaning thorns. Other colloquial names for the animal include quill pig. It is also referred to as the Canadian porcupine or common porcupine. The porcupine's scientific name, ""Erethizon dorsatum"", can be loosely translated as ""the animal with the irritating back"". Several Native American names exist, such as the Lakota name ""pahin"" meaning quill and the Chipewyan name ""ts'l"". The North American porcupine migrated from South America, where all New World porcupines or hystricomorphs evolved. ""Erethizon"" appeared in North America shortly after the two continents joined"
"during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. The genus ""Circus"" was introduced by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799. Most harriers are placed in this genus. The word ""Circus"" is derived from the Ancient Greek ""kirkos"", referring to a bird of prey named for its circling flight (""kirkos"", ""circle""), probably the hen harrier. The name ""harrier"" is thought to have been derived either from Harrier (dog), or by a corruption of ""harrower"", or directly from ""harry"". ""Ring-tail"" is an informal term used by birders for the juveniles and females of several harrier species when seen in the field"
"support an abundance of apex predators - notably the wolf, but also the Persian leopard and even the tiger. The word 'Hyrcanian' (also its variant form 'Hyrcan') will be familiar to any diligent reader of the works of William Shakespeare, as an epithet of the proverbially savage (but now, sadly, extinct) Caspian Tiger, known to the dramatist from his reading of the works of various Latin authors - who, in turn, were familiar with the Ancient Greek coinage 'Hyrcania' and the lands adjoining the Caspian Sea to which the place name referred. Regarding the richness of the Hyrcanian flora -"
"Magericyon Magericyon is an extinct genus of Amphicyonid (""bear-dog"") that lived during the Miocene 10-9 Ma (Vallesian Age) in what is now Spain. The appearance of this animal was vaguely similar to that of a particularly robust, large felid, but the skull resembles that of a canid or an ursid, like that of many amphicyonids. Unlike most other amphicyonids, ""Magericyon"" had teeth associated with those of a hypercarnivore, with laterally flattened canines, the third premolar having a single root, the absence of second premolars and a metaconid on its lower molars, with a reduction in the second upper molar. The"
"Hericium erinaceus Hericium erinaceus (also called lion's mane mushroom, monkey head mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, satyr's beard, bearded hedgehog mushroom, pom pom mushroom, or bearded tooth fungus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe and Asia it can be identified by its long spines (greater than 1 cm length), its appearance on hardwoods and its tendency to grow a single clump of dangling spines. ""Hericium erinaceus"" can be mistaken for other species of ""Hericium"", all popular edibles, which grow across the same range. In the wild, these mushrooms are common"
"Hastin Hastin (हस्तिन्) is a term for elephant used in Vedic texts. Other terms for elephant include Ibha (इभ) and Vārana (वारण). In Rig Veda 1.84.17 and 4.4.1. and probably other instances the Rig Veda seems to refer to elephants (e.g. Bryant 2001: 323), an animal that is native to South Asia. It has been speculated that some of these verses might be references to domesticated elephants. In RV 1.64.7, 8.33.8 and 10.40.4, ""wild"" elephants are mentioned. In the Rigveda and in the Atharvaveda, the term is translated as elephant (according to Keith and Macdonell, Roth and other scholars). In"
"notably Aeschylus and Aristophanes, who used it as one of his favourite insults. The precise function of the Hippalectryon remains a mystery; as an apotropaic and prophylactic animal, it might have been dedicated to Poseidon and tasked to protect ships. Other studies interpret it as a grotesque beast to amuse children, or a simple fantastic decorative element without any specific function. The term ""hippalectryon"", also transcribed ""hippalektryon"", comes directly from Ancient Greek ""ἱππαλεκτρυών"", a compound word that comprises ἵππος (""híppos"", ""horse""), and ἀλεκτρυών (""alektryốn"", ""rooster""). The name is thus a plain description of the hybrid creature. The name seems to"
"Hemicyon Hemicyon, the so-called ""dog-bear"" (literally ""half dog"", from Greek (half) + (dog)), is an extinct genus of the family Hemicyonidae, which probably originated in Eurasia but was found in Europe, Asia and North America during the Miocene epoch (), existing for approximately . ""Hemicyon"" was about long, and tall, with somewhat tiger-like proportions and dog-like teeth. ""Hemicyon"" is widely accepted to have been hypercarnivorous and highly predaceous. Unlike modern bears, ""Hemicyon"" walked on its toes, that is, it was not plantigrade, but digitigrade, with long metapodials. This suggests that ""Hemicyon"" must have been an active hunter and a good"
"author of your race, faithless one, but the horrible Caucasus produced you from hard crags, and Hyrcanian tigers nursed you."" Following its geographical listing by Isidore of Seville in the early 7th century ""Etymologiae"" (a standard Mediaeval textbook), the name of Hyrcania became known and taught as far off as Ireland, where it was included in poems such as ""Cú-cen-máthair"" by Luccreth moccu Chiara (665 AD), the ""Auraicept na n-Éces"", and ""Lebor Gabála Érenn"" (11th century). Hyrcania is mentioned in the short story ""Rinconete y Cortadillo"" by Cervantes, and constitutes one of his exemplary stories which were published in 1613."
"and starring Willem Dafoe. Thylacine The thylacine ( , or , also ; ""Thylacinus cynocephalus"") was the largest known carnivorous marsupial of modern times. It is commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger (because of its striped lower back) or the Tasmanian wolf (because of its canid-like appearance, traits and attributes). Native to continental Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea, it is believed to have become extinct in the 20th century. It was the last extant member of its family, Thylacinidae; specimens of other members of the family have been found in the fossil record dating back to the late Oligocene. Surviving"
"by the 1950s, the stuffed exhibit was getting very raggy and moth-eaten, decided that as it was “nowt but a girt cur dog” it should be thrown out. It is now believed that the Girt Dog of Ennerdale was, in fact, a thylacine (otherwise known as the Tasmanian tiger or Tasmanian wolf.) Travelling circuses and menageries of the time were known to contain what were described as “tiger wolves” – a description that fits the thylacine perfectly. As import laws and animal control were so relaxed in the early part of the nineteenth century, an escape from one of these"
"during late summer and fall on hardwoods, particularly American beech. ""Hericium erinaceus"" contains a number of polysaccharides, such as B-glucan, heteroglucans, and heteroxylans, as well as several cyathane derivative diterpenoids known as hericenones and erinacines. As an extract or as a whole mushroom, ""H. erinaceus"" is under basic research for its potential biological properties. While clinical research is in its early stages, such as for mild cognitive decline or anxiety, as of 2018, there is no conclusive evidence for health effects from consuming ""H. erinaceus"". Hericium erinaceus Hericium erinaceus (also called lion's mane mushroom, monkey head mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom,"
"Alphyn An Alphyn (from the Germanic word for ""chaser"" or ""wolf""), also known as ""awfyn"" or ""alfin"" in older writings, is a rare heraldic creature. It is much like a heraldic tyger, but stockier and with tufts of hair covering its body, and also has a thick mane and long thin tongue. Another notable characteristic is its knotted tail, reminiscent of Celtic design and similar to that of the griffin. Sometimes it is depicted as having an eagle's or dragon's talons on its forelegs, other times they are cloven, like a goat's. Occasionally all four feet are depicted as having"
"Hercinia Hercinia is a legendary bird with glowing feathers that inhabited the Hercynian Forest of ancient Germany. The hercinia is depicted in Medieval bestiaries and was recorded in the 1st century by Pliny the Elder, who wrote, “In the Hercynian Forest, in Germany, we hear of a singular kind of bird, the feathers of which shine at night like fire.” Writing in the 7th century, Isidore of Seville notes, ""Their feathers sparkle so much in the shade that, however dark the night is with thick shadows, these feathers, when placed on the ground, give off light that helps to mark"
"properties. The ""Hericium"" genus produces the phytochemicals, erinacines and hericenones, which are cyathane metabolites under basic research for their possible biological properties. Hericium Hericium is a genus of edible mushrooms in the Hericiaceae family. Species in this genus are white and fleshy and grow on dead or dying wood; fruiting bodies resemble a mass of fragile icicle-like spines that are suspended from either a branched supporting framework or from a tough, unbranched cushion of tissue. This distinctive structure has earned ""Hericium"" species a variety of common names—monkey's head, lion's mane, and bear's head are examples. Taxonomically, this genus was previously"
"was a relatively shy, nocturnal creature with the general appearance of a medium-to-large-size dog, except for its stiff tail and abdominal pouch (similar to a kangaroo) and dark transverse stripes that radiated from the top of its back, reminiscent of a tiger. The thylacine was an apex predator, like the tigers and wolves of the Northern Hemisphere from which it obtained two of its common names. As a marsupial, it was not closely related to these placental mammals, but because of convergent evolution it displayed a similar general form and adaptations. Its closest living relative is thought to be either"
"back to 23 million years ago. This thylacinid was much smaller than its more recent relatives. The largest species, the powerful thylacine (""Thylacinus potens"") which grew to the size of a wolf, was the only species to survive into the late Miocene. In late Pleistocene and early Holocene times, the modern thylacine was widespread (although never numerous) throughout Australia and New Guinea. An example of convergent evolution, the thylacine showed many similarities to the members of the dog family, Canidae, of the Northern Hemisphere: sharp teeth, powerful jaws, raised heels and the same general body form. Since the thylacine filled"
"Bear dog Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of large terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia which inhabited North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene subepoch to the Pliocene epoch 42—2.6 Mya, existing for about . Amphicyonids are often colloquially referred to as ""bear-dogs"". They are closely related to true dogs (Canidae) and a little less related to bears (Ursidae). The family was erected by Haeckel (1886) [also attributed to Trouessart 1885]. While amphicyonids were previously thought to be closely related to ursids (bears), there is increasing evidence that they may be basal caniforms. Amphicyonids ranged in"
"and ""shafan"" (שפן) meaning hyrax, plural ""shfaním"" (שפנים). Phoenicians called the local rabbits 'hyraxes' because rabbits resemble hyraxes in some ways, and hyraxes are native to Phoenicia, unlike rabbits. Hyraxes, like rabbits, are not rodents. One theory states that the Romans converted the phrase ""i-shaphan-ím"", with influence from the Greek ""Spania"", to its Latin form, ""Hispania"", which evolved in all the Iberian languages: into Castilian ""España"", Portuguese ""Espanha"", Catalan ""Espanya"" (English ""Spain""), and such other variations in modern languages. The precise meaning of ""shafan"" remains unclear, but the balance of opinion appears to indicate that the hyrax is indeed the"
"to the Italian term ""orco"" exist in other countries: in addition to Italian dialectal ""uerco"", ""huerco"", and ""huorco"" and the Spanish word ""güercu"", there is also Tyrolean ""ork"", ""a house gnome"" or ""a mountain spirit"" that acts as a protector of wildlife. Tolkien explicitly denied any intended connection between his orcs and the killer whale ""Orcinus orca"" and other cetaceans, that are also referred to as orcs. This is a borrowing from Latin ""orca"", as used by Pliny the Elder, that refers to some kind of whale, quite likely ""Orcinus orca"" and which also appears in John Milton's poem ""Paradise"
"of its tail, which earned the animal the nickname ""tiger"". The stripes were more pronounced in younger specimens, fading as the animal got older. One of the stripes extended down the outside of the rear thigh. Its body hair was dense and soft, up to in length; in juveniles the tip of the tail had a crest. Its rounded, erect ears were about long and covered with short fur. Colouration varied from light fawn to a dark brown; the belly was cream-coloured. The mature thylacine ranged from long, plus a tail of around . Adults stood about at the shoulder"
"name had been in use in the English language, which originated about 1000 years earlier in mediaeval times. However, centuries before the appearance of the English language, Pedanius Dioscorides, in his ""De Materia Medica"" had already described members of the Apocynaceae, such as ""Apocynum"" and ""Cynanchum"" by names equivalent to ""dogbane""; ""Apocynum"" literally means ""dog killer"" or ""dog remover"", and ""Cynanchum"" means ""dog strangler"". In modern times some species of ""Nerium"", ""Periploca"" and ""Trachelospermum"", also in the Apocynaceae, are called dogbane or variants such as ""climbing dogbane"". Some modern sources restrict ""dogbane"" in its strict sense to the genus ""Apocynum"","
"Ceryneian Hind In Greek mythology, the Ceryneian Hind ( ""Elaphos Kerynitis""), also called Cerynitis or the Golden Hind, was an enormous hind, that lived in Keryneia, Greece. It was sacred to Artemis, the chaste goddess of the hunt, animals, and unmarried women. It had golden antlers like a stag and hooves of bronze or brass, and it was said that it could outrun an arrow in flight. The capture of the hind was the third labour of Heracles. Eurystheus and Hera were greatly angered to find that Heracles had managed to escape from the claws of the Nemean Lion and"
"Griffin The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Greek: γρύφων, ""grýphōn"", or γρύπων, ""grýpōn"", early form ""γρύψ"", ""grýps""; ) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle; and sometimes an eagle's talons as its front feet. Because the lion was traditionally considered the king of the beasts and the eagle the king of birds by the Middle Ages the griffin was thought to be an especially powerful and majestic creature. Since classical antiquity, Griffins were known for guarding treasure and priceless possessions. In Greek and Roman texts, griffins and"