Which disease do the English know as 'The French Disease' and the French call 'The English Disease'?
"and in turn has the disease named after him (also possibly due to the oppression of Christianity at the time). Notably, his list does not include skin rashes or swelling, which is the main separation from the bubonic plague and Antonine Plague. This plague was very widespread, possibly originating in Ethiopia and spreading to Scotland. With the skin contact-spreading nature of the disease and the crowded civilization style in Rome, the death toll was tremendous in the empire. Morbus Gallicus, better known in modern times as syphilis, or the ""French Disease"" was not prominent in ancient Europe but with recent"
"disease, sent by the god Apollo as punishment for the defiance that Syphilus and his followers had shown him. From this character Fracastoro derived a new name for the disease, which he also used in his medical text ""De Contagionibus"" (""On Contagious Diseases""). Until that time, as Fracastoro notes, syphilis had been called the ""French disease"" () in Italy, Malta, Poland and Germany, and the ""Italian disease"" in France. In addition, the Dutch called it the ""Spanish disease"", the Russians called it the ""Polish disease"", and the Turks called it the ""Christian disease"" or ""Frank (Western European) disease"" (""frengi""). These"
"Sweating sickness Sweating sickness, also known as English sweating sickness or English sweat (), was a mysterious and highly contagious disease that struck England, and later continental Europe, in a series of epidemics beginning in 1485. The last outbreak occurred in 1551, after which the disease apparently vanished. The onset of symptoms was dramatic and sudden, with death often occurring within hours. Although its cause remains unknown, it has been suggested that an unknown species of hantavirus was responsible for the outbreak. The symptoms and signs, as described by physician John Caius and others, were as follows: the disease began"
"the highly emotional, realistic, instinctual acting styles of the Romantics. Félix completely rejected the Romantic Drama movement happening in nineteenth-century France. She was best known for her portrayal of the title role in ""Phèdre"". Félix's health declined after a long tour of Russia. She died early in 1858, aged 36, from tuberculosis in Le Cannet, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Upon her deathbed, she wrote many farewell letters to her sons, family members, lovers, colleagues and theatre connections at Comédie-Française. She is buried in a mausoleum in the Jewish part of Père Lachaise Cemetery and in Paris was named after her. The English"
"specific developments in public health legislation aided the French. Furthermore, thanks to the germ theory of disease pioneered by Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, the etiology of some of the most deadly diseases—cholera and typhoid—began to be understood in the 1890s, and the French used this new scientific knowledge in the tropics of West Africa. Illnesses like bubonic plague were isolated, and vectors of malaria and yellow fever were identified for the political purpose of public health. They passed public health laws to introduce up-to-date health standards. The goal was for African subjects to respond in exactly the same way"
"fever, autumn fever, Akiyama disease, and marsh or swamp fever. ""L icterohaemorrhagiae"" was identified as the causative agent in pre-World War II outbreaks in Japan, which were characterized by jaundice and a high mortality rate. In October 2010 British rower Andy Holmes died after contracting Weil's Disease. His death has raised awareness of the disease among the public and medical professionals. Leptospirosis has many different names including: ""7-day fever"", ""harvest fever"", ""field fever"", ""canefield fever"", ""mild fever"", ""rat catcher's yellows"", ""Fort Bragg fever"", and ""pretibial fever"". It has historically been known as ""black jaundice"" and in Japan it is called"
"European Continent, the terms Basedow's syndrome, Basedow's disease, or Morbus Basedow are more common than Graves' disease. Graves' disease has also been called exophthalmic goiter. Less commonly, it has been known as Parry's disease, Begbie's disease, Flajani's disease, Flajani–Basedow syndrome, and Marsh's disease. These names for the disease were derived from Caleb Hillier Parry, James Begbie, Giuseppe Flajani, and Henry Marsh. Early reports, not widely circulated, of cases of goiter with exophthalmos were published by the Italians Giuseppe Flajani and Antonio Giuseppe Testa, in 1802 and 1810, respectively. Prior to these, Caleb Hillier Parry, a notable provincial physician in England"
"widespread disdain for the English Poor Law. Tuberculosis was the most dreaded disease of the day, especially striking young people in their 20s. Germany set up vigorous measures of public hygiene and public sanatoria, but France let private physicians handle the problem. The French medical profession guarded its prerogatives, and public health activists were not as well organized or as influential as in Germany, Britain or the United States. For example, there was a long battle over a public health law which began in the 1880s as a campaign to reorganize the nation's health services, to require the registration of"
"abortion, birth control and mother child relations. In the same book he also talks about the use of sedatives, benzodiazepines-like substances, and opium in treatment of common medial ailments in Iran. In this book Elgood also sheds light on some of the treatment for common ailments of the day in Persia such as Whooping cough (Pertussis), and hay fever, as well as the methods used to deal with the newly arriving syphilis (originally contracted from the New World by French explorers and then brought to Persia). The arrival of syphilis via Europe earned the ailment the nickname of the ""French"
"Genghis Khan and his army, started pandemics in Europe in 1222, 1233 and 1238. The infection subsequently reached England following the importation of cattle from the continent. At the time rinderpest was a devastating disease with a mortality rate of 80–90%. The resulting loss of cattle caused famine. A short time after Henry Tudor's victory at the Battle of Bosworth on 22 August 1485, his army suddenly went down with ""the English sweat"", which contemporary observers described as a new disease. The disease, which was unusual in that it mainly affected the affluent, might have originated in France where Henry"
"Hippocratic ""Disease of Virgins"", a treatise that was translated into Latin in the 1520s and thus became available to early modern Europe. In addition to ""green sickness"", the condition was known as ""morbus virgineus"" (""virgin's disease"") or ""febris amatoria"" (""lover's fever""). Francis Grose' 1811 ""Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue"" defined ""green sickness"" as: ""The disease of maids occasioned by celibacy."" In 1681, English physician Thomas Sydenham classified chlorosis as a hysterical disease affecting not only adolescent girls but also ""slender and weakly women that seem consumptive."" He advocated iron as a treatment: ""To the worn out or languid blood it"
"means that it may have been brought over from France by the French mercenaries whom Henry VII used to gain the English throne. However, the ""Croyland Chronicle"" mentions that Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby, used the ""sweating sickness"" as an excuse not to join with Richard III's army prior to the Battle of Bosworth. Relapsing fever has been proposed as a possible cause. This disease, which is spread by ticks and lice, occurs most often during the summer months, as did the original sweating sickness. However, relapsing fever is marked by a prominent black scab at the site of"
"in the Understanding."" George Cheyne and other medical writers wrote of ""The English Malady,"" also called ""hysteria"" in women or ""hypochondria"" in men, a condition with symptoms that closely resemble the modern diagnosis of clinical depression. Cheyne considered this malady to be the result of over-taxed nerves. At the same time, theorists asserted that individuals who had ultra-sensitive nerves would have keener senses, and thus be more aware of beauty and moral truth. Thus, while it was considered a physical and/or emotional fragility, sensibility was also widely perceived as a virtue. Originating in philosophical and scientific writings, sensibility became an"
"and 1 in 60,000 adults a year. It has been reported in almost all ethnic populations. The disease is named after Joannes Cassianus Pompe, who characterized it in 1932. Pompe described accumulation of glycogen in muscle tissue in some cases of a previously unknown disorder. This accumulation was difficult to explain as the enzymes involved in the usual metabolism of glucose and glycogen were all present and functioning. The basis for the disease remained a puzzle until Christian de Duve's discovery of lysosomes in 1955 for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1974. His co-worker Henri G. Hers realised"
"disease. Among other advances he made the distinction between rigidity, weakness and bradykinesia. He also led the disease formerly named ""paralysis agitans"" (shaking palsy) to be renamed after James Parkinson. He also noted apparent variations on PD, such as Parkinson's disease with hyperextension. Charcot received the first European professional chair of clinical diseases for the nervous system in 1882. Charcot is best known today for his work on hypnosis and hysteria. In particular, he is best remembered for his work with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes, who somewhat increased his fame during his lifetime; however, Marie ""Blanche"" Wittmann, known"
"astrological influences. It was introduced into English in the mid-eighteenth century during a pan-European epidemic. Archaic terms for influenza include ""epidemic catarrh"", ""la grippe"" (from the French, first used by Molyneaux in 1694), ""sweating sickness"", and ""Spanish fever"" (particularly for the 1918 flu pandemic strain). The symptoms of human influenza were clearly described by Hippocrates roughly 2,400 years ago. Although the virus seems to have caused epidemics throughout human history, historical data on influenza are difficult to interpret, because the symptoms can be similar to those of other respiratory diseases. The disease may have spread from Europe to the Americas"
"Trench fever Trench fever (also known as ""five-day fever"", ""quintan fever"" (""febris quintana"" in Latin), and ""urban trench fever"") is a moderately serious disease transmitted by body lice. It infected armies in Flanders, France, Poland, Galicia, Italy, Salonika, Macedonia, Mesopotamia, Russia and Egypt in World War I. Three noted sufferers during WWI were the authors J. R. R. Tolkien, A. A. Milne, and C. S. Lewis. From 1915 to 1918 between one-fifth and one-third of all British troops reported ill had trench fever while about one-fifth of ill German and Austrian troops had the disease. The disease persists among the"
"14th-century epidemic as a proper name. However, ' is used to refer to a pestilential fever (') already in the 12th-century ""On the Signs and Symptoms of Diseases"" () by French physician Gilles de Corbeil. In English, the term was first used in 1755. Writers contemporary with the plague described the event as ""great plague"" or ""great pestilence"". Black Death The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe"
"a French physician and neurologist, to study patients at the Salpêtrière Hospital, with the goal of defining an illness distinct from hysteria and from chorea. Charcot and Gilles de la Tourette believed that the ""tic illness"" they had observed was an untreatable, chronic, and progressive hereditary condition. History is unclear on whether Charcot had examined the Marquise de Dampierre, but his publications mention having met her socially and overhearing her most common utterances of """"merde"" and ""foutu cochon"" (which translates literally as filthy pig but the truer colloquial meaning is 'fucking pig')"". In 1885, Gilles de la Tourette published an"
"infectious diseases, such as measles and smallpox, to which they had no immunity. By 1700, the Iroquois had seceded from Ontario and the Mississaugas of the Ojibwa had settled the north shore of Lake Ontario. The remaining Huron settled north of Quebec. The British established trading posts on Hudson Bay in the late 17th century and began a struggle for domination of Ontario with the French. After the French of New France were defeated during the Seven Years' War, the two powers awarded nearly all of France's North American possessions (New France) to Britain in the 1763 Treaty of Paris,"
"were numerous outbreaks and all were not equally recorded. The first documented epidemic was 1616–1619 (often known as the Great Dying). The most destructive disease brought by Europeans was smallpox. The Lakota Indians called the disease the running face sickness. Smallpox was lethal to many Native Americans, bringing sweeping epidemics and affecting the same tribes repeatedly. Between 1837 and 1870, at least four different epidemics struck the Plains tribes. When the plains Indians began to learn of the ""white man’s diseases"", they intentionally avoided contact with them and their trade goods. But many tribes were enamored with things like metal"
"million people – up to a third of Europe's population – died from the plague before it receded. The plague periodically returned over coming centuries. The last centuries of the Middle Ages saw the waging of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The war began in 1337 when the king of France laid claim to English-ruled Gascony in southern France, and the king of England claimed to be the rightful king of France. At first, the English conquered half of France and seemed likely to win the war, until the French were rallied by a peasant girl, who"
"to the New World by Europeans and spread by the daily activities of the Indians. Before Weil's characterization in 1886, the disease known as infectious jaundice was very likely the same as Weil's disease or severe icteric leptospirosis. During the Egyptian campaign, Napoleon's army suffered from what was probably infectious jaundice. Infectious jaundice occurred among troops during the American Civil War. It was also reported among troops at Gallipoli and other battles of World War I, where the sodden conditions of trench warfare favored infection. Terms used in early 20th century descriptions of leptospirosis include the pseudo-dengue of Java, seven-day"
"all caught ""pébrine,"" black pepper disease…He [Pasteur] went south from Paris to Alais, and rewarded them by discovering the silkworm epidemic to be inflicted by some sort of living microbe…Pasteur threw in another disease, ""flâcherie,"" silkworm diarrhoea. The cures for both were culling the insects which showed the peppery spots — the peasants bottled the silkworm moths in brandy, for display to the experts — and rigorous hygiene of the mulberry leaf."" Flacherie Flacherie (literally: ""flaccidness"") is a disease of silkworms, caused by silkworms eating infected or contaminated mulberry leaves. Flacherie infected silkworms look weak and can die from this"
"was a disease of the ""Latin races"", to which Anglo-Saxon men were virtually immune. In Germany, too, a majority of the medical profession rejected Charcot's ideas, and medical journals circulated papers that labeled French men as more prone to hysteria than Teutons — ""which, in the context of the time, meant that they were weaker, less virile, and more susceptible to degeneration"". An 1889 case study of hysteria in a German soldier gave the French doctors the ammunition they needed for a counterattack. Aside from French and Germans, indigenous inhabitants of various remote regions, colonial populations, Jews and (retroactively) pre-Civil"
"region of France. The potato famine in Ireland during the mid-to-late 19th century was caused by a fungus called ""Phytophthora infestans"" that rotted the potato crops for several years. Dutch elm disease, which has ravaged elms across Europe and North America in the last 50 years, is caused by the microfungi of the genus ""Ophiostoma"". Rice blast, a devastating fungal disease of cereals including rice, wheat and millet, is caused by the phytopathogenic Ascomycete fungus ""Magnaporthe grisea"". In the built environment, the toxic fungus ""Stachybotrys chartarum"" causes damage to damp walls and furnishings, and may be responsible for sick building"
"carry the virus responsible for yellow fever. Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas identified a tropical disease and its vector. With onset of the epidemiological transition and as the prevalence of infectious diseases decreased through the 20th century, public health began to put more focus on chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Previous efforts in many developed countries had already led to dramatic reductions in the infant mortality rate using preventative methods. In Britain, the infant mortality rate fell from over 15% in 1870 to 7% by 1930. France 1871-1914 followed well behind Bismarckian Germany, as well as Great Britain,"
"English disease,"" adding to the element of foreignness that clung to Alexandra. Increasingly, she became an unpopular figure with the imperial family, the aristocracy and the Russian people. During the Great War, her German birth further inflamed this hatred and made her the immediate and primary focus for almost any aspect of opposition to the monarchy. In addition to her five live-born children, Alexandra allegedly suffered a miscarriage in the summer of 1896, presumably because she became physically exhausted during her coronation festivities, and a phantom pregnancy in August 1902. Alexandra's health was never robust and her frequent pregnancies, with"
"""pay for full-time novelists."" The NIH promised to investigate the allegations. McSweegan commented on public health issues in addition to Lyme disease. In 2004, McSweegan suggested that the mysterious ""English sweating sickness"" may have been an outbreak of anthrax poisoning. He hypothesized that the victims could have been infected with anthrax spores present in raw wool or infected animal carcasses, and he suggested exhuming the victims for testing. He has also criticized the Centers for Disease Control for investigating Morgellons, a proposed infectious condition whose existence is disputed by current scientific consensus. Edward McSweegan Edward McSweegan Ph.D., is an American"
"If they conceive, they will recover."" The symptom picture overlaps to some extent with an earlier condition described in English medical texts, ""the green sickness"", which was a form of jaundice. However, Lange shifted the cause from digestive errors to the sufferer remaining a virgin, despite being of the age for marriage. The name ""chlorosis"" was coined in 1615 by Montpellier professor of medicine Jean Varandal from the ancient Greek word ""chloros"" meaning ""greenish-yellow,"" ""pale green,"" ""pale,"" ""pallid"" or ""fresh"". Both Lange and Varandal claimed Hippocrates as a reference, but their lists of symptoms do not match that in the"
"as ""El Año de los Garrotillos"" (The Year of Strangulations) in the history of Spain. In 1735, a diphtheria epidemic swept through New England. Before 1826, diphtheria was known by different names across the world. In England, it was known as Boulogne sore throat, as it spread from France. In 1826, Pierre Bretonneau gave the disease the name ""diphthérite"" (from Greek ""diphthera"" ""leather"") describing the appearance of pseudomembrane in the throat. In 1856, Victor Fourgeaud described an epidemic of diphtheria in California. In 1878, Queen Victoria's daughter Princess Alice and her family became infected with diphtheria, causing two deaths, Princess"
"Darier's disease Darier's disease (DAR), also known as Darier disease, Darier–White disease, Dyskeratosis follicularis, and Keratosis follicularis, is an autosomal dominant disorder discovered by French dermatologist Ferdinand-Jean Darier. Darier's is characterized by dark crusty patches on the skin, sometimes containing pus. The crusty patches are also known as keratotic papules, keratosis follicularis, or dyskeratosis follicularis. Mild forms of the disease are the most common, consisting solely of skin rashes that flare up under certain conditions such as high humidity, high stress, or tight-fitting clothes. Short stature, when combined with poorly-formed fingernails that contain vertical striations, is diagnostic even for mild"
"Fifth disease Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19. The name ""fifth disease"" comes from its place on the standard list of rash-causing childhood diseases, which also includes measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Dukes' disease (fourth, but is no longer widely accepted as distinct), and roseola (sixth). Fifth disease starts with a low-grade fever, headache, rash, and cold-like symptoms, such as a runny or stuffy nose. These symptoms pass, then a few days later, the rash appears. The bright red rash most commonly appears in the face, particularly the"