In 1966, which scientist was asked to contribute an interview to a proposed introduction to the film 2001: A Space Odyssey? He wasn't offered billions and billions though!
"Billions and Billions Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium is a 1997 book by the American astronomer and science popularizer Carl Sagan. The last book written by Sagan before his death in 1996, it was published by Random House. The book is a collection of essays Sagan wrote covering diverse topics such as global warming, the population explosion, extraterrestrial life, morality, and the abortion debate. The last chapter is an account of his struggle with myelodysplasia, the disease which finally took his life in December 1996. Sagan's wife, Ann Druyan, wrote the"
"Kubrick, notoriously reluctant to provide any explanation of his work, never publicly stated the intended functions of the orbiting satellites, preferring instead to let the viewer surmise what their purpose might be. Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey Since its premiere in 1968, the film """" has been analysed and interpreted by numerous people, ranging from professional movie critics to amateur writers and science fiction fans. The director of the film, Stanley Kubrick, and the writer, Arthur C. Clarke, wanted to leave the film open to philosophical and allegorical interpretation, purposely presenting the final sequences of the film without the"
"had been with Kubrick's film, although he did appear in a cameo role in the finished film, sitting on a park bench feeding birds outside the White House. 2001: A Space Odyssey 2001: A Space Odyssey is the 1968 science fiction written by Arthur C. Clarke and the directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is a part of Clarke's ""Space Odyssey"" series. Both the novel and the film are partially based on Clarke's 1948 short story ""The Sentinel"", an entry in a BBC short story competition, and ""Encounter in the Dawn"", published in 1953 in the magazine ""Amazing Stories"". After deciding"
"Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey The 1968 science fiction film """" featured numerous fictional future technologies, which have proven prescient in light of subsequent developments around the world. Before the film's production began, director Stanley Kubrick sought technical advice from over fifty organizations, and a number of them submitted their ideas to Kubrick of what kind of products might be seen in a movie set in the year 2001. The film is also praised for its accurate portrayal of spaceflight and vacuum. ""2001"" is, according to four NASA engineers who based their nuclear-propulsion spacecraft design in part on the"
"to add authenticity. Buzz Aldrin, one of the three Apollo 11 astronauts, contributed to this movie as technical consultant. He was not always on set for the movie, but he made an effort to keep up with the film's production. He was filmed for a cameo, but the scene was cut from the film. During the scene, he played a clergyman that interacted with Xander Berkeley, who portrayed Aldrin in the film. Neil Armstrong was asked by Aldrin if he was interested in participating in the film's creation, but Armstrong never got back to him. Fearful that the Soviets would"
"2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke, and was inspired by Clarke's short story ""The Sentinel"". A , written concurrently with the screenplay, was published soon after the film was released. The film, which follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer HAL after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution, deals with themes of existentialism, human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life. The film is noted"
"of a new book titled ""Why Me, ET?"". And instead of spending many hours each week 'debunking' UFOs, I'll finally have time to watch some TV, go to the movies, and perhaps get to read a few non-UFO books for enjoyment."" In 1966, Klass made an offer that stood for the remaining thirty-nine years of his life. By 1974, the offer had changed slightly, to the following form: Klass made this offer openly to anyone. The offer was specifically declined by Frank Edwards, John G. Fuller, J. Allen Hynek, and James Harder, some of whom were the most vocal promoters"
"2001: A Space Odyssey 2001: A Space Odyssey is the 1968 science fiction written by Arthur C. Clarke and the directed by Stanley Kubrick. It is a part of Clarke's ""Space Odyssey"" series. Both the novel and the film are partially based on Clarke's 1948 short story ""The Sentinel"", an entry in a BBC short story competition, and ""Encounter in the Dawn"", published in 1953 in the magazine ""Amazing Stories"". After deciding on Clarke's 1948 short story ""The Sentinel"" as the starting point, and with the themes of man's relationship with the universe in mind, Clarke sold Kubrick five more"
"March 1966, MGM became concerned about ""2001""'s progress and Kubrick put together a show reel of footage to the ad hoc soundtrack of classical recordings. The studio bosses were delighted with the results and Kubrick decided to use these ""guide pieces"" as the final musical soundtrack, and he abandoned North's score. In an interview with Michel Ciment, Kubrick explained: 2001: A Space Odyssey (soundtrack) 2001: A Space Odyssey is a soundtrack album to the , released in 1968. The soundtrack is known for its use of many classical and orchestral pieces, and credited for giving many classical pieces resurgences in"
"Despite mixed reviews from critics at that time, ""2001: A Space Odyssey"" gradually gained popularity and earned $31 million worldwide by the end of 1972. Today, it is widely considered to be one of the greatest and most influential films ever made, and is a staple on All Time Top 10 lists. Baxter describes the film as ""one of the most admired and discussed creations in the history of cinema"", and Steven Spielberg has referred to it as ""the big bang of his film making generation"". For biographer Vincent LoBrutto it ""positioned Stanley Kubrick as a pure artist ranked among"
"by private donations, although the British government gave £10,000 (about £680,000 in 2008 terms). Scottish jute magnate Sir James Caird gave £24,000, Midlands industrialist Frank Dudley Docker gave £10,000 and tobacco heiress Janet Stancomb-Wills gave an undisclosed but reportedly ""generous"" sum. Public interest in the expedition was considerable; Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join it. His interviewing and selection methods sometimes seemed eccentric; believing that character and temperament were as important as technical ability, he asked unconventional questions. Thus physicist Reginald James was asked if he could sing; others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look"
"of an anti-monopoly lawsuit filed by the U.S. Justice Department). The Bell System logo seen in the film was modified in 1969 and dropped entirely in 1983. Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey The 1968 science fiction film """" featured numerous fictional future technologies, which have proven prescient in light of subsequent developments around the world. Before the film's production began, director Stanley Kubrick sought technical advice from over fifty organizations, and a number of them submitted their ideas to Kubrick of what kind of products might be seen in a movie set in the year 2001. The film is"
"Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey Since its premiere in 1968, the film """" has been analysed and interpreted by numerous people, ranging from professional movie critics to amateur writers and science fiction fans. The director of the film, Stanley Kubrick, and the writer, Arthur C. Clarke, wanted to leave the film open to philosophical and allegorical interpretation, purposely presenting the final sequences of the film without the underlying thread being apparent; a concept illustrated by the final shot of the film, which contains the image of the embryonic ""Starchild"". Nonetheless, in July 2018, Kubrick's interpretation of the ending scene"
"film's ""Discovery One"", ""perhaps the most thoroughly and accurately researched film in screen history with respect to aerospace engineering"". Several technical advisers were hired for ""2001"", some of whom were recommended by co-screenwriter Arthur C. Clarke, who himself had a background in aerospace. Advisors included Marshall Spaceflight Center engineer Frederick I. Ordway III, who worked on the film for two years, and I. J. Good, whom Kubrick consulted on supercomputers because of Good's authorship of treatises such as ""Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine"" and ""Logic of Man and Machine"". Dr. Marvin Minsky, of MIT, was the main artificial intelligence"
"Introduction to Outer Space Introduction to Outer Space is a pamphlet about space exploration edited by the White House the 26 March 1958. At first, a report of the President's Science Advisory Committee presided by Dr James R. Killian in the aftermath of the Sputnik 1 launch, Dwight D. Eisenhower found it so informative and interesting that he decided to make it available to everybody for 15 cents. It presents in simple terms to the layman the future of space exploration. It has been suggested that the ""Introduction to Outer Space"", produced in an effort to garner support for a"
"Academy Awards but it was not nominated. Yugoslavia developed a space program, as the forgotten third player in the Space Race beside United States and Soviet Union, which Josip Broz Tito then sold to the John F. Kennedy administration in the U.S. in return for $2.5 billion (film estimates at a value of about $50 billion today) in ""overseas aid"" which boosted Yugoslav economy. When the imported technology failed to deliver its promised results for the NASA's future Moon landing, an angry U.S. applied pressure to Tito, including financial blackmail and threats of military action, culminating in a secret CIA"
"and Space Museum. The exhibit features a fully realized, full-scale reflection of the neo-classical hotel room from the film's penultimate scene. Director Christopher Nolan presented a mastered 70mm print of ""2001"" for the film's 50th anniversary at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival on May 12. The new 70mm print is a photochemical recreation made from the original camera negative, for the first time since the film's original theatrical run. 2001: A Space Odyssey (film) 2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C."
"asked by Eric Nordern in Kubrick's interview with ""Playboy"" if ""2001: A Space Odyssey"" was a religious film, Kubrick elaborated: I will say that the God concept is at the heart of ""2001"" but not any traditional, anthropomorphic image of God. I don't believe in any of Earth's monotheistic religions, but I do believe that one can construct an intriguing scientific definition of God, once you accept the fact that there are approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy alone, that each star is a life-giving sun and that there are approximately 100 billion galaxies in just the visible universe."
"early 1968, NASA secretly approached Kubrick to direct the first three Moon landings. The launch and splashdown would be real but the spacecraft would stay in Earth orbit and fake footage broadcast as ""live from the Moon."" No evidence was offered for this theory, which overlooks many facts. For example, ""2001"" was released before the first Apollo landing and Kubrick's depiction of the Moon's surface differs greatly from its appearance in the Apollo footage. The movement of characters on the Moon in ""2001"" differs from that of the filmed movement of Apollo astronauts, and does not resemble an environment with"
"there is one container of classified material, the other 183 are open and available to all researchers. In the 1966 BBC TV ""PANORAMA"" documentary ""California 2000"", Paine is interviewed and offers predictions on how technology will impact society. In the 1996 TV movie ""Apollo 11"" Paine was played by Carmen Argenziano. In the 1998 TV miniseries ""From the Earth to the Moon"", he was played by Sam Anderson. Thomas O. Paine Thomas Otten Paine (November 9, 1921 – May 4, 1992), an American scientist and advocate of space exploration, was the third Administrator of NASA, serving from March 21, 1969"
"get any money out of NASA since.<br> <br> I was certainly regarded as persona non grata with NASA after that. I had a very hard time. Shortly after that Noel Hinners became the Space Science administrator, and he used to joke about it and say, ""Oh. Tommy's got to come to his annual pilgrimage to Washington,"" and regarded it as very funny, but then he'd always give me some money. But always clearly as a persona non grata. Gold first became interested in the origins of petroleum in the 1950s, postulating a theory on the abiogenic formation of fossil fuels."
"Danford, retired associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Dr. Michael J. Malaska, technologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory; author and space journalist Andrew Chaikin; and NASA Solar System Ambassadors Tony Rice and Jonathan Ward. Although narration had originally been removed in 2009, by 2014 van Vuuren realized that a sparse narration was necessary for the film. This amounted to 5 pages and about 1200 words in total. After listening to many voice actors one stood out and he asked LeVar Burton to be the narrator for the film in 2017. LeVar Burton"
"could fly 50 missions a year or that it could have low budget costs. NASA officials warned Gold that if he testified his concerns before Congress, his research proposals would lose their support from NASA. Gold ignored the warning and testified before a Congressional committee headed by Senator Walter Mondale. In a letter to NASA administrator James C. Fletcher, George Low wrote that ""Gold should realize that being funded by the Government and NASA is a privilege, and that it would make little sense for us to fund him as long as his views are what they are now"". Gold"
"committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included. Here is an excerpt of President Carter's official statement placed on the Voyager spacecraft for its trip outside the Solar System, June 16, 1977: We cast this message into the cosmos ... Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky"
"using an advanced AT&T videophone—which it predicts will cost $1.70 for a two-minute call in 2001 (a fraction of the company's real rates on Earth in 1968). Film director Stanley Kubrick strove for scientific accuracy, relying on interviews with scientists and engineers at Bell Labs in the United States. Dr. Larry Rabiner of Bell Labs, discussing videophone research in the documentary ""2001: The Making of a Myth"", stated that in the mid-to-late-1960s videophones ""...captured the imagination of the public and... of Mr. Kubrick and the people who reported to him"". In one ""2001"" movie scene a central character, Dr. Heywood"
"retrospect, some physicists and historians consider this to be his most important contribution, though it was not taken up by other scientists in his own lifetime. The physicist and historian Abraham Pais once asked Oppenheimer what he considered to be his most important scientific contributions; Oppenheimer cited his work on electrons and positrons, not his work on gravitational contraction. Oppenheimer was nominated for the Nobel Prize for physics three times, in 1945, 1951 and 1967, but never won. During the 1920s, Oppenheimer remained uninformed on worldly matters. He claimed that he did not read newspapers or listen to the radio,"
"in order to win the money he would have to recreate the Big Bang in a laboratory. Henke responded by proposing several alternative ""proofs"" that pertained to geology (his field of expertise), but Hovind refused, saying that the project must be chosen by him and it must not pertain to the area in which Henke has scientific expertise. Hovind therefore required Henke to prove that dogs and bananas had a common ancestor, and lowered the award to only $2,000 should he succeed. Henke accepted the challenge, and later drafted a contract, which was then posted on Talk.origins. However, one of"
"also treats the film throughout as effectively a collaboration between Stanley Kubrick and Steven Spielberg. Other scholarly treatments of Kubrick largely ignore the film. All of Stanley Kubrick's films from ""Paths of Glory"" until the end of his career, except for ""The Shining"", were nominated for Academy Awards or Golden Globe Awards, in various categories. ""2001: A Space Odyssey"" received numerous technical awards, including a BAFTA Award for cinematographer Geoffrey Unsworth and an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, which Kubrick (as director of special effects on the film) received. This was Kubrick's only personal Academy Award win among 13"
"the Space Odyssey helmets with a down-facing face plate and jutting top plate was (is) most strikingly different from both the actual 1960's designs including the Apollo lunar suit, and from the advancements in design seen in the decades leading to the real 2001. Kubrick and co-author Arthur C. Clark forecast rather optimistically that by 2001 there would be ongoing exploration and settlement of the moon and an advanced space construction program, and designs based on their speculations for 30 years later were bold but are still scientifically plausible. During the production of the spacesuits and stillsuits for the film"
"As senator, Kennedy had been opposed to the space program and wanted to terminate it. In constructing his Presidential administration, Kennedy elected to retain Eisenhower's last science advisor Jerome Wiesner as head of the President's Science Advisory Committee. Wiesner was strongly opposed to manned space exploration, having issued a report highly critical of Project Mercury. Kennedy was turned down by seventeen candidates for NASA administrator before the post was accepted by James E. Webb, an experienced Washington insider who served President Truman as budget director and undersecretary of state. Webb proved to be adept at obtaining the support of Congress,"
"2001: A Space Odyssey in popular culture In popular culture, Stanley Kubrick's 1968 science fiction film """" has had a significant impact in such diverse cultural forms and media as film, literature, music and technology. The influence of ""2001"" on subsequent filmmakers is considerable. Steven Spielberg, George Lucas and others, including many special effects technicians, discuss the impact the film has had on them in a featurette titled ""Standing on the Shoulders of Kubrick: The Legacy of 2001"", included in the 2007 DVD release of the film. Spielberg calls it his film generation's ""big bang"", while Lucas says it was"
"the documentary feelings about everything were necessary in order to undermine your built-in resistance to the poetical concept."" When asked by Eric Nordern in Kubrick's interview with ""Playboy"" if ""2001: A Space Odyssey"" was a religious film, Kubrick elaborated: I will say that the God concept is at the heart of ""2001"" but not any traditional, anthropomorphic image of God. I don't believe in any of Earth's monotheistic religions, but I do believe that one can construct an intriguing scientific definition of God, once you accept the fact that there are approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy alone, that"
"two astronauts are eating at a table with what appear to be tablet computers as an argument against Apple's claim to the original abstract design of tablet computers. Common 21st-century computer technology not depicted in the film include keyboards, mice, mobile phones, touch screens, interfaces with windows/menus/icons. Although there are devices that resemble tablet computers, they are only used in the film as portable video screens. All of the vehicles in ""2001"" were designed with extreme care in order for the small-scale models as well as full-scale interiors to appear realistic. The modeling team was led by Kubrick's two hirees"