Who was the ruler of Albania from 1928 to 1939?
"Muslim, but also King Zog's home and power base), and the Italians re-organized the Guard into a battalion with two oversize companies (""North"" in trousered uniforms and ""South"", kilted as the Greek Evzones). It is probable that two infantry companies were from the south and two from the north, with the ceremonial company having contingents from both. Royal Guard of Albania The Royal Albanian Guard () was from 1928 till 1939 and was part of the Royal Albanian Army. In April 1939 this reportedly had a strength of 926 officers and men. The infantry battalion was reported as having 21"
"and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Albanians looked to the Kingdom of Italy for protection against its enemies. In 1919, Albania's territorial integrity was confirmed at the Paris Peace Conference after United States President Woodrow Wilson opposed a plan by the European powers to divide Albania amongst its neighbors. There were attempted backroom negotiations that ultimately failed. However, after 1925, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini sought to dominate Albania. In 1928, Albania became a kingdom under Zog I, who was a clan chief and former Prime Minister. Zog failed to stave off Italian ascendancy in Albanian internal affairs. On 7 April 1939,"
"of the larger phenomenon of the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire. A short-lived monarchical state known as the Principality of Albania (1914–1925) was succeeded by an even shorter-lived first Albanian Republic (1925–1928). Another monarchy, the Kingdom of Albania (1928–39), replaced the republic. The country endured an occupation by Italy just prior to World War II. After the collapse of the Axis powers, Albania became a communist state, the Socialist People's Republic of Albania, which for most of its duration was dominated by Enver Hoxha (died 1985). Hoxha's political heir Ramiz Alia oversaw the disintegration of the ""Hoxhaist"" state"
"to Italy. Despite some significant resistance, especially at Durrës, Italy invaded Albania on 7 April 1939 and took control of the country, with the Italian Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini proclaiming Italy's figurehead King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy as King of Albania. The nation thus became one of the first to be occupied by the Axis Powers in World War II. As Hitler began his aggression against other European countries, Mussolini decided to occupy Albania as a means of competing with Hitler's territorial gains. Mussolini and the Italian Fascists saw Albania as a historical part of the Roman Empire, and"
"state. He all but eliminated civil liberties, muzzled the press and murdered political opponents. Under the constitution, Zogu was vested with sweeping executive and legislative powers, including the right to appoint one-third of the upper house. For all intents and purposes, he held all governing power in the nation. On 1 September 1928, Albania was transformed into a kingdom, and President Zogu became Zog I, ""King of the Albanians"" (""Mbreti i Shqiptarëve"" in Albanian). He took as his regnal name his surname rather than his forename, since the Islamic name ""Ahmet"" might have had the effect of isolating him on"
"the medieval Kingdom of Albania, which at its maximal extension was extending from Durrës along the coast to Butrint in the south. In the mid-fifteenth century, it was conquered by the Ottomans. The modern nation state of Albania emerged in 1912 following the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars. The modern Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy in 1939, which formed Greater Albania, before becoming a Nazi German protectorate in 1943. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, a Communist state titled the People's Socialist Republic of Albania was founded under the leadership of Enver Hoxha and the"
"King Zog (statue) The ""King Zog"" statue is a statue located in Tirana, Albania. It commemorates King Zog, who ruled in Albania firstly as a President from 1925 to 1928 and then as the King of Albania from 1928 until 1939. The statue is placed at the beginning of the Zogu I Boulevard facing in the direction of the center of the city, as in tribute to the creation of the modern capital, which was built during the reign of King Zog. It is three meters tall and it was placed in the boulevard to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of"
"was placed in the boulevard in the event of the 100th Anniversary of the Independence of Albania. Zogu I Boulevard The Zogu I Boulevard or Boulevard Zog I () (formerly Stalin Boulevard) is a major boulevard in Tirana, Albania, named after Zogu I, the former King of Albania, who ruled the country between 1925 and 1929. It runs in a northerly direction from the central Skanderbeg Square towards the recently completed New Boulevard of Tirana. South of the square the avenue becomes Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, running south. During the communist period, the Boulevard was named 'Stalin Boulevard' and the"
"to each medical, veterinary, and transportation unit. In 1927 alone, the Albanian military ordered 20,000 rifles, 40 mountain guns, 120 machine guns, and other supplies from Italy. The Royal Albanian Army () was the army of King Zogu from 1928 until 1939. Its commander-in-chief was himself; its commander General Xhemal Aranitasi; its Chief of Staff was General Gustav von Myrdacz. The army was mainly financed by Italy. On 7 April 1939, Italian troops invaded the country, and captured it in six days after fierce resistance by the overwhelmed Albanian army. After the Second World War, Albania became a Soviet-aligned country."
"supported Italy's foreign policy. He would be the first and only Albanian to hold the title of president until 1991. In 1928, Zogu I secured the Parliament's consent to its own dissolution. Afterwards, Albania was declared a monarchy with Zogu I first as the Prime Minister, then as the President and at least as the King of Albania. International recognition arrived forthwith. The new formed constitution abolished the Albanian Senate and created a unicameral parliament, but King Zog retained the dictatorial powers he had enjoyed as President. Zogu I remained a conservative, but initiated reforms. For example, in an attempt"
"in Albania. On April 7, 1939, Italian troops invaded Albania. The operation was led by General Alfredo Guzzoni. Despite some stubborn resistance by some patriots, especially at Durrës, the Italians made short work of the Albanians. Durrës was captured on April 7, Tirana the following day, Shkodër and Gjirokastër on April 9, and almost the entire country by April 10. Unwilling to become an Italian puppet, King Zog, his wife, Queen Geraldine Apponyi, and their infant son Leka fled to Greece and eventually to London. On April 12, the Albanian parliament voted to depose Zog and unite the nation with"
"Republic of Albania in 1976). As First Secretary, Hoxha was ""de facto"" head of state and the most powerful man in the country. Albanians celebrate their independence day on 28 November (which is the date on which they declared their independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912), while in the former People's Socialist Republic of Albania the national day was 29 November, the day the country was liberated from the Italians. Both days are currently national holidays. Hoxha declared himself a Marxist–Leninist and strongly admired Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. During the period of 1945–1950, the government adopted policies which were"
"of Fan Noli, the parliament adopted a new constitution and proclaimed the country as a parliamentary republic in which Zog I of Albania served as the head of state for a seven years term. Immediately after, Tirana was endorsed officially as the country's permanent capital. The politics of Zogu was authoritarian and conservative with the primary aim of which was the maintenance of stability and order. He was forced to adopt a policy of cooperation with Italy where a pact had been signed between both countries, whereby Italy gained a monopoly on shipping and trade concessions. In 1928, the country"
"Albanian Republic The Albanian Republic () was the official name of Albania as enshrined in the Constitution of 1925. Albania became a ""de facto"" protectorate of the Kingdom of Italy after the signing of the Treaties of Tirana of 1926 and 1927. Albania was declared a constitutional monarchy in 1928. Upon its inception, Italy demanded to be allies with the republic. This was done largely to increase Italy's influence in the Balkans, and to aid Italian and Albanian security in their territorial feuds with the Second Hellenic Republic and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. After defeating Fan Noli's government, Ahmet Zogu"
"Mat Bridge Mat Bridge is a bridge across the Mat river near the town of Milot in the northwestern part of Albania. It served to improve communications between south-central Albania and the northern part of the country, particularly to the northern town of Shkodër. Designed by Swiss and German engineers, it is in length and constructed in five steel arches carried across the river on concrete piers. It was named after the first King of Albania, King Zog, who ruled from 1928 until the country was invaded by Benito Mussolini in 1939. It remained the first and only permanent bridge"
"Fan S. Noli becomes prime minister; Zogu flees to Yugoslavia. December<br> Zogu, backed by the Royal Yugoslav Army, returns to power and begins to smother parliamentary democracy; Noli flees to Italy. 1925 May<br> Italy, under Benito Mussolini, begins penetration of Albanian public and economic life. 1926 27 November<br> Italy and Albania sign First Treaty of Tirana, which guarantees Zogu's political position and Albania's boundaries. 1928 August<br> Zogu pressures the parliament to dissolve itself; a new constituent assembly declares Albania a kingdom and Zogu becomes Zog I, ""King of the Albanians"". 1931 Zog, standing up to Italians, refuses to renew the"
"People's Socialist Republic of Albania Albania (, ; ; ), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (), was a Marxist-Leninist government that ruled Albania from 1946 to 1992. From 1944 to 1946, it was known as the Democratic Government of Albania and from 1946 to 1976 as the People's Republic of Albania. Throughout this period, the country had a reputation for its totalitarian style of state administration influenced by Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania and for policies stressing national unity and self-reliance. Travel and visa restrictions made Albania one of the most difficult countries to"
"in exile, the royal family insisted that Leka Zogu was Albania's legitimate ruler until his death on 30 November 2011. During World War II, three resistance groups were operating in Albania: the nationalists, the royalists and the communists. Some of the Albanian establishment opted for collaboration. The communist partisans refused to co-operate with the other resistance groups and took control of the country. They were able to defeat the Nazi remnants and take over the country in November 1944. Zog attempted to reclaim his throne after the war, but the new Communist-dominated government barred Zog from returning soon after it"
"Zogu I Boulevard The Zogu I Boulevard or Boulevard Zog I () (formerly Stalin Boulevard) is a major boulevard in Tirana, Albania, named after Zogu I, the former King of Albania, who ruled the country between 1925 and 1929. It runs in a northerly direction from the central Skanderbeg Square towards the recently completed New Boulevard of Tirana. South of the square the avenue becomes Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, running south. During the communist period, the Boulevard was named 'Stalin Boulevard' and the name was changed after the restoration of democracy in Albania. In 2012 a statue of King Zog"
"Ramiz Alia Ramiz Tafë Alia (; 18 October 1924 – 7 October 2011) was the second and last leader of Communist Albania from 1985 to 1991. He was also the country's head of state from 1982 to 1992. He had been designated as successor by Enver Hoxha and took power after Hoxha died. Alia died on 7 October 2011 in Tirana due to lung disease, aged 86. Alia was born on 18 October 1924. His parents were from Gheg clan and they fled from Kosovo during the Balkan Wars. He grew up and spent his childhood in Tirana. In the"
"the powers and the will of the people the Prince of Albania. William was forced into exile by internal disorder just after the outbreak of World War I, and Albania was to be occupied by various foreign powers for most of the war. In the confusing aftermath of the war, some of the several regimes competing for power officially styled themselves as regencies for William. Albania's first monarchy ended definitively when the restored central government declared the country a republic in 1924. Four years later, on September 1, 1928, President Ahmed Bey Zogu proclaimed himself ""King of the Albanians"" (""Mbret"
"while six months later Ahmet Zogu crushed the revolution. In 1925, an Albanian Republic was declared under a constitution based on the French model of the Third Republic. The Republic had a bicameral legislature (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) that elected a President, who was head of state and of government (Council of Ministers) for a seven-year term. The President was vested with fairly broad—almost dictatorial—powers, including the power to appoint one-third of the Senate and rule by decree. Three years later, in 1928, Albania was proclaimed a kingdom, and President Zogu became King Zog I. The legislative organ consisted"
"regularly consumed 200 cigarettes a day giving him a possible claim to the dubious title of the world's heaviest smoker in 1929, but had been seriously ill for some time. He was survived by his wife and son, and was initially buried at the cimetière parisien de Thiais, near Paris. On his death, his son Leka was pronounced H.M. King Leka of the Albanians by the exiled Albanian community. His widow, Geraldine, died of natural causes in 2002 at the age of 87 in a military hospital in Tirana, Albania. Albania's Communist government abolished the monarchy in 1946, but, even"
"Once King Zog declined, Mussolini said that he must accept the demands by 7 April 1939, or Italy would invade. The invaders had already disembarked to invade before that time. General Alfredo Guzzoni led two Bersaglieri divisions with a battalion of tanks in the invasion, where resistance was minor, though various organizational problems in the Italian military showed themselves. King Zog fled the country to Greece, was granted asylum in Athens and eventually got to London. On 12 April, the Albanian parliament voted to unite their country with Italy, giving Victor Emmanuel III the Albanian crown. On May 22, 1939,"
"palace in Rome. Victor Emmanuel III appointed Francesco Jacomoni di San Savino, a former ambassador to Albania, to represent him in Albania as ""Lieutenant-General of the King"" (effectively a viceroy). While Victor Emmanuel ruled as king, Shefqet Bej Verlaci served as the Prime Minister. Shefqet Verlaci controlled the day-to-day activities of the Italian protectorate. On 3 December 1941, Shefqet Bej Verlaci was replaced as Prime Minister and Head of State by Mustafa Merlika Kruja. From the start, Albanian foreign affairs, customs, as well as natural resources came under direct control of Italy. The puppet Albanian Fascist Party became the ruling"
"the control of Germany. Albania was an Italian protectorate and dependency from 1939 to 1943. In spite of Albania's long-standing protection and alliance with Italy, on 7 April 1939 Italian troops invaded Albania, five months before the start of the Second World War. Following the invasion, Albania became a protectorate under Italy, with King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy being awarded the crown of Albania. An Italian governor controlled Albania. Albanian troops under Italian control were sent to participate in the Italian invasion of Greece and the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia. Following Yugoslavia's defeat, Kosovo was annexed to Albania by"
"of the Albanian 200 lekë banknote of 1992–1996, and of the 500 lekë banknote issued since 1996. On 27 June 2012, Albanian President, Bamir Topi decorated Qemali with the Order of the National Flag (Post-mortem). Ismail Qemali Ismail Qemali (; 16 October 1844 – 24 January 1919) was an Albanian politician and publicist who served as the 1st President and Prime Minister as well as Foreign Minister of Albania from 1912 to 1914. He is considered to be the Founding Father of Modern Albania and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Ismail Qemal Vlora was born in Vlorë"
"the head of the Republic of Albania. The president and later king of Albania, Ahmet Zogu, founded the order in 1925 as an order of merit with four grades. After the Italian annexation of Albania, his successor, Victor Emanuel III, King of Italy and of Albania, Emperor of Ethiopia, added a fifth grade (Officer) in 1940. In 1945, the People's Republic of Albania decided to replace the order. In that same year, a new order with the same name was founded, along the lines of the Socialist Orders of Merit. It was awarded until the fall of Albanian Communism in"
"Principality of Albania The Principality of Albania (Albanian: ""Principata e Shqipërisë"" or ""Shteti Shqiptar"") refers to the short-lived monarchy in Albania, headed by William, Prince of Albania, that lasted from the Treaty of London of 1913 which ended the First Balkan War, through the invasions of Albania during World War I and the subsequent disputes over Albanian independence during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, until 1925, when the monarchy was abolished and the Albanian Republic declared. Albania had been under Ottoman rule from around 1478. The Great Powers recognized the independence of Albania in the Treaty of London in"
"the Albanians to have their army trained by a man who had fought against the Italians. When Fascist Italy invaded Albania in April 1939, King Zog escaped to Greece, leaving the country without defense. General Myrdaczy and the other high-ranking Albanian officers were not present when Italy attacked on 7 April 1939. Albania was occupied in three days without any resistance. General Myrdaczy withdrew himself in private. When the Royal Albanian Army was dissolved, Gustav von Myrdacz lost his job but chose to stay in Tirana. With thecapitulation of Italy on September 8, 1943, General Pervizi became Minister of the"
"he directed three cabinets as Prime Minister from 1930 to 1935. He was replaced by Mehdi Frashëri after the critics received for ""failing to maintain peace and order"" during the Revolt of Fier, 1935. He served as Parliamentary President until the Italian invasion of 1939. Although he was considered a pro-Italian, and his name appears in the Assembly list of 1943, he did not play any active role during World War II. The communist regime did not persecute him. Evangjeli died in Korçë in 1949. Pandeli Evangjeli Pandeli Evangjeli (January 6, 1859 – September 14, 1949) was an Albanian politician"
"Second Treaty of Tirana in 1927, whereby Italy and Albania entered into a defensive alliance. Italian loans subsidized the Albanian government and economy, and Italian military instructors trained the Albanian army. Italian colonial settlement was encouraged and the first 300 Italian colonists settled in Albania. Despite this strong Italian influence, King Zog of Albania refused to give in completely to Italian pressure. In 1931, he openly stood up to the Italians by refusing to renew the 1926 Treaty of Tirana. Fascist Italy increased pressure on Albania in the 1930s, and on April 7, 1939 invaded Albania, five months before the"
"Struggle. General Secretaries of the Party of Labour of Albania: Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Assembly: Prime Ministers: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Albania (, ; ; ), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (), was a Marxist-Leninist government that ruled Albania from 1946 to 1992. From 1944 to 1946, it was known as the Democratic Government of Albania and from 1946 to 1976 as the People's Republic of Albania. Throughout this period, the country had a reputation for its totalitarian style of state administration influenced by Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania and"