Which scientist appeared on British £20 notes issued between 1991 and 2001?
"a dashed line, yet appears as a single line when held up to the light. Series D notes were phased out in favour of the newer series E notes beginning in 1991. These notes were multicoloured (predominantly mauve-purple) and featured an image of scientist Michael Faraday on the back. Series E notes were replaced by a variant design from 1999 onwards. These are broadly similar to the earlier series E notes but feature Edward Elgar on the reverse. The current £20 note was introduced in 2007. It features a portrait of Scottish economist Adam Smith on the back as well"
"side featuring the composer Sir Edward Elgar and Worcester Cathedral. The £20 banknote was known to have suffered from higher cases of counterfeiting (276,000 out of 290,000 cases detected in 2007) than any other denominations. In February 2006, the Bank announced a new design for the note which featured Scottish economist Adam Smith with a drawing of a pin factorythe institution which supposedly inspired his theory of economics. Smith is the first Scot to appear on a Bank of England note, although the economist has already appeared on Scottish Clydesdale Bank £50 notes. The design of the £20 note was"
"new Series D £20 note, predominantly in purple and featuring a statue of William Shakespeare and the balcony scene from ""Romeo and Juliet"" on its reverse, was introduced on 9 July. On 5 June 1991 this note was replaced by the first Series E £20 note, featuring the physicist Michael Faraday and the Royal Institution lectures. By 1999 this note had been extensively copied, and therefore it became the first denomination to be replaced on 22 June 1999 by a second Series E design, featuring a bolder denomination figure at the top left of the obverse side, and a reverse"
"Bank of England £20 note The Bank of England £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second highest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007, bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of Scottish economist Adam Smith on the reverse. Starting in 2020, the current note will be phased out, to be replaced by a polymer note featuring a portrait of artist J. M. W. Turner in place of Smith. Twenty pound notes were introduced by the Bank of"
"in 2011). The £5 and £10 notes are from Series G (first issued in 2016 & 2017). The notes currently in circulation are as follows: The launch of the new Series F banknotes was announced on 29 October 2006 by the Governor of the Bank of England. The first of these new notes, a £20 note, features the Scottish economist, Adam Smith, the first Scot to appear on an English note (the first non-Englishman, Anglo-Irish Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington appeared on the Series D £5 in 1971). Smith also features on £50 notes issued by the Clydesdale"
"that year. Each note features a portrait of Walter Scott on the front. The £20 note has a square on the front (other denominations having different shapes) to aid identification for those with impaired vision. The back features an image of The Mound, the location of the bank's headquarters. Each denomination also features a rear design reflecting a certain aspect of Scottish industry and society. On the £20 note the rear design represents Scotland's achievements in research and education. Three symbols appear on the right-hand side of the rear of the note. These are (from top to bottom) Pallas, goddess"
"as an illustration of workers in a pin factory. The note features a number of security features in addition to the metallic thread: these include raised print, a watermark, microlettering, a holographic strip, a see-through register, and a colourful pattern which only appears under ultraviolet light. In September 2015 the Bank of England announced that the next £20 note will be printed on polymer, rather than cotton paper. This was followed by an announcement in April 2016 that Adam Smith will be replaced by artist J. M. W. Turner on the next £20 note, which will enter circulation in 2020."
"Twenty pounds (British coin) The British twenty pound (£20) coin is a commemorative coin, first issued by the Royal Mint in 2013. It is minted in .999 fine silver. Twenty pound coins are legal tender but are intended as souvenirs and are almost never seen in circulation. The designs which have appeared on the twenty pound coin's reverse are summarised in the table below. There has been four editions of the welsh dragon twenty pound coin. The first two being in 2016, the first was with a card featuring the dragon and the other was the coin on a view"
"Images on the reverse of the Turner note will include a c.1799 self-portrait of Turner, a version of Turner's ""The Fighting Temeraire"", the quote ""Light is therefore colour"" from an 1818 lecture by Turner, and a copy of Turner's signature as made on his will. Information taken from Bank of England website. Bank of England £20 note The Bank of England £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second highest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007, bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on"
"made. In September 2015 the Bank of England announced that the next £20 note will be printed on polymer, rather than cotton paper. This was followed by an announcement in April 2016 that Adam Smith will be replaced by artist J. M. W. Turner on the next £20 note which will enter circulation in 2020. Images on the reverse of the new note will include a 1799 self-portrait of Turner, a representation of his painting ""The Fighting Temeraire"", the quotation ""Light is therefore colour"" from an 1818 lecture by him, and a copy of Turner's signature as made on his"
"portrait <br> Twenty pence (British coin) The British decimal twenty pence (20p) coin – often pronounced ""twenty pee"" – is a unit of currency equal to 20/100 of a pound sterling. Like the 50p coin, it is an equilateral curve heptagon. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 9 June 1982. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used; the latest design by Jody Clark was introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse (as of 2017), featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. Twenty and fifty"
"Bank of Scotland £20 note The Bank of Scotland £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third largest of five banknote denominations issued by the Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 2007 bears the image of Walter Scott on the obverse and a vignette of the Forth Bridge on the reverse. Paper currency was introduced in Scotland immediately following the foundation of the Bank of Scotland in 1695. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of banknotes by Scottish banks was regulated by the Banknote (Scotland)"
"Clydesdale Bank £20 note The Clydesdale Bank £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third largest denomination of banknote issued by the Clydesdale Bank. The current cotton note, first issued in 2009 bears a portrait of the Scottish king Robert the Bruce on the obverse and an image of New Lanark on the reverse. The Clydesdale Bank began issuing £20 notes in 1838, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of banknotes by Scottish banks was regulated by the Banknote (Scotland) Act 1845"
"released in autumn 2009. The obverse designs feature famous Scots while the reverse designs feature Scotland's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The previous series of Clydesdale notes each depicted a notable person from Scottish history: An image of Adam Smith also features on the £20 note issued in 2007 by the Bank of England, granting Smith the unique status of being the only person to feature on banknotes issued by two different British banks, and the first Scot to appear on a Bank of England banknote. The Clydesdale Bank ceased issuing £1 notes in the late 1980s. These latterly had an"
"In the same year, India issued a postage stamp bearing his portrait. On 14 September 2012, Bose's experimental work in millimetre-band radio was recognised as an IEEE Milestone in Electrical and Computer Engineering, the first such recognition of a discovery in India. On 30 November 2016, Bose was celebrated in a Google Doodle on the 158th anniversary of his birth. The Bank Of England has decided to redesign the 50 UK Pound currency note with an eminent scientist. Indian scientist Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose has been featured in that nomination list for his pioneering work on Wifi technology. Jagadish Chandra"
"Twenty pence (British coin) The British decimal twenty pence (20p) coin – often pronounced ""twenty pee"" – is a unit of currency equal to 20/100 of a pound sterling. Like the 50p coin, it is an equilateral curve heptagon. Its obverse has featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 9 June 1982. Four different portraits of the Queen have been used; the latest design by Jody Clark was introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse (as of 2017), featuring a segment of the Royal Shield, was introduced in 2008. Twenty and fifty pence coins"
"The Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note The Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the third largest denomination of banknote issued by The Royal Bank of Scotland. The current cotton note, first issued in 1987 bears an image of Lord Ilay, one of the founders of the bank, on the obverse and a vignette of Brodick Castle on the reverse. The Royal Bank of Scotland began issuing £20 notes in 1727, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were monochrome, and printed on one side only. The issuing of"
"England Mark Carney announced that a newly designed £10 banknote, featuring novelist Jane Austen, would be issued in 2017. The campaign for a woman to appear celebrated the choice as ""a brilliant day"". The date of issue was subsequently confirmed as 14 September 2017. Like the £5 note featuring Churchill, the new £10 note is made from polymer rather than cotton paper. It depicts: £20 notes, in white, appeared in 1725 and continued to be issued until 1943. They ceased to be legal tender in 1945. After World War II, the £20 denomination did not reappear until 1970, when the"
"John Houblon, the first governor of the Bank of England, on the reverse. As an additional security feature, these notes had a foil patch on the front. The current £50 note was introduced in 2011. It features two portraits on the reverse: engineer and scientist James Watt and industrialist and entrepreneur Matthew Boulton, along with the Whitbread Engine and the Soho Manufactory, Birmingham. The note has a number of security features in addition to the metallic thread, including motion thread, raised print, a watermark, microlettering, a see-through register, and a colourful pattern that only appears under ultraviolet light. The current"
"at Roslin Institute in Edinburgh), became a celebrity in the 1990s. Other famous scientists, engineers, theorists and inventors from the UK include Sir Francis Bacon, Richard Trevithick (Train), Thomas Henry Huxley, Francis Crick (DNA), Rosalind Franklin (Photo 51), Robert Boyle (Boyle's Law), Robert Hooke, Thomas Young, Humphry Davy (discovered ""laughing gas"" (nitrous oxide), isolated many elements (such as calcium), invented Davy lamp), Robert Watson-Watt (radar), J. J. Thomson (discovered Electron), James Chadwick (discovered Neutron), Frederick Soddy (discovered Isotope), John Cockcroft, Henry Bessemer, Edmond Halley (Halley's comet), Sir William Herschel (discovered Uranus), Charles Parsons (Steam turbine), Alan Blumlein (Stereo sound), John"
"In July 2013 it was announced that the Series F £10 note design would bear a portrait of 19th century author Jane Austen. In 2015, the Bank announced that they were accepting suggestions from the public for a figure from the visual arts to appear on the £20 note to replace Adam Smith, with the new note to be introduced in 2020. In April 2016, it was announced that J. M. W. Turner had been selected to appear on the new £20 note. In September 2013 the Bank of England opened a period of public consultation about the introduction of"
"during elections. In August 2014, Nurse was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to ""The Guardian"" expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue. Nurse believes that scientists should speak out about science in public affairs and challenge politicians who support policies based on pseudoscience. Paul Nurse Sir Paul Maxime Nurse (born 25 January 1949), is an English geneticist, former President of the Royal Society and Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in"
"tradition of portraying historical British figures on the reverse continued with the E series, first issued in 1992, with an image of Charles Dickens appearing. Series E notes are multicoloured, although they are predominantly orange-brown. From series E onward Bank of England £10 notes feature 'windowed' metal thread; this thread appears as a dashed line, yet forms a single line when held up to the light. The revised Series E £10 note was introduced in 2000. It features a portrait of Charles Darwin on the back as well as an illustration of and images of various flora and fauna. The"
"Rod Davies Rodney Deane Davies CBE FRS (8 January 1930 – 8 November 2015) was a Professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Manchester. He was the President of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1987–1989, and the Director of Jodrell Bank Observatory in 1988–97. He is best known for his research on the Cosmic microwave background and the 21cm line. Davies was born on 8 January 1930 into a family of farmers in Balaklava, a village north of Adelaide, South Australia. His parents were Holbin and Rena Davies. He had three brothers. He met Beth, his wife, at the"
"from popular physicists such as Stephen Hawking. In November 2018 after The Bank of England invited members of the public to vote on which figure should appear on the new £50 note, Leech said it should be Alan Turing so as to ""serve as a stark and frankly painful reminder of what we lost in Turing"" Leech led a campaign for safe standing at football matches. Standing had been banned in English football's top two divisions following the Taylor Report into the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster. Leech told the Commons that clubs should be allowed to install 'rail-seating' allowing supporters to"
"image of Robert the Bruce, whilst the contemporaneous £20 notes had an image of Lord Kelvin. The £10 notes issued from 1971 bore an image of Scottish explorer David Livingstone with palm tree leaves and an illustration of African tribesmen on the back. A later issue showed Livingstone against a background graphic of a map of his Zambezi expedition, showing the River Zambezi, Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa and Blantyre, Malawi; on the reverse, the African figures were replaced with an image of Livingstone's birthplace in Blantyre. Occasionally the Clydesdale Bank issues special commemorative banknotes to mark particular occasions or to"
"Boru's victory in the Battle of Clontarf. A silver 15 Euro commemorating John Philip Holland (1840–1914), an Irish engineer regarded as the father of the modern submarine. A silver 15 Euro Proof Coin commemorating Ernest Walton (1903–1995), an Irish physicist and 1951 Nobel laureate for being the first person to artificially split the atom. A silver 15 Euro Proof Coin commemorating the 150th anniversary of the birth of W.B. Yeats, Irish poet and Nobel Laureate. A silver 10 Euro Proof Coin commemorating the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II and the 70th anniversary of peace in Europe."
"Royal Society in May 2000. Paul Townsend Paul Kingsley Townsend FRS () is a British physicist, currently a Professor of Theoretical Physics in Cambridge University's Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics. He is notable for his work on string theory. He received his PhD from Brandeis University in 1976 for his dissertation ""The 1/N expansion of scalar field theories"" . Since then he has over 140 publications. In 1987, , and Paul Townsend showed that there are no superstrings in eleven dimensions (the largest number of dimensions consistent with a single graviton in supergravity theories), but supermembranes. He was"
"Arnold Wolfendale Sir Arnold Whittaker Wolfendale FRS (born 25 June 1927) is a British astronomer who served as Astronomer Royal from 1991 to 1995. He is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Physics at Durham University and served as president of the European Physical Society (1999–2001). His family moved to Flixton, Lancashire when he was 18 months. He attended Stretford Grammar School in Manchester. Wolfendale was graduated with a Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Manchester in 1948, followed by a PhD in 1953 and a Doctor of Science in 1970. During his career he held academic"
"UK on banknotes printed by two different banks; his portrait has appeared since 1981 on the £50 notes issued by the Clydesdale Bank in Scotland, and in March 2007 Smith's image also appeared on the new series of £20 notes issued by the Bank of England, making him the first Scotsman to feature on an English banknote. A large-scale memorial of Smith by Alexander Stoddart was unveiled on 4 July 2008 in Edinburgh. It is a -tall bronze sculpture and it stands above the Royal Mile outside St Giles' Cathedral in Parliament Square, near the Mercat cross. 20th-century sculptor Jim"
"papers and reports published in the mid-2010s. The reports on the Panama papers published in April 2016 singled out the UK as being ""at the heart of super-rich tax-avoidance network."" England and Scotland were leading centres of the Scientific Revolution from the 17th century. The United Kingdom led the Industrial Revolution from the 18th century, and has continued to produce scientists and engineers credited with important advances. Major theorists from the 17th and 18th centuries include Isaac Newton, whose laws of motion and illumination of gravity have been seen as a keystone of modern science; from the 19th century Charles"
"1985 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Joseph Needham Noel Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (; 9 December 1900 – 24 March 1995) was a British biochemist, historian and sinologist known for his scientific research and writing on the history of Chinese science and technology. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1941, and a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. In 1992, Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the Companionship of Honour, and the Royal Society noted he was the only living person to hold these three titles. Needham was the only child of a London"
"Bank of England £10 note The Bank of England £10 note, also known as a tenner, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second-lowest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. The current polymer note, first issued in 2017, bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of author Jane Austen on the reverse. The final cotton paper note featuring a portrait of naturalist Charles Darwin, first issued in 2000, was withdrawn from circulation on 1 March 2018, thereby replacing the cotton with a more fit material. Ten pound notes"