Tomas de Torquemada born 1420 died 1498, was a prominent leader of what?
"estimates of the number of victims of the Spanish Inquisition during Torquemada's reign as Grand Inquisitor. It is thought unlikely that there were more than 2,000 executed for heresy. Hernando del Pulgar, Queen Isabella's secretary, wrote that 2,000 executions took place throughout the entirety of her reign, which extended well beyond Torquemada's death. During his final years, Torquemada's failing health, coupled with widespread complaints, caused Pope Alexander VI to appoint four assistant inquisitors in June 1494 to restrain the Spanish Inquisition. After fifteen years as Spain's Grand Inquisitor, Torquemada died in the monastery of St. Thomas Aquinas in Ávila on"
"Fray Juan de Torquemada Juan de Torquemada (c. 1562 – 1624) was a Franciscan friar, active as missionary in Spanish colonial Mexico and considered the ""leading Franciscan chronicler of his generation."" Administrator, engineer, architect and ethnographer, he is most famous for his monumental work commonly known as ""Monarquía indiana"" (""Indian Monarchy""), a survey of the history and culture of the indigenous peoples of New Spain together with an account of their conversion to Christianity, first published in Spain in 1615 and republished in 1723. ""Monarquia Indiana"" was the ""prime text of Mexican history, and was destined to influence all subsequent"
"Juan de Torquemada (cardinal) Juan de Torquemada, O.P. (1388 – 26 September 1468), (church Latin Johannes de Turre cremata, various spellings), Spanish ecclesiastic, was born at Valladolid, and was educated in that city. Juan de Torquemada was born in Valladolid, Spain. At an early age he joined the Dominican Order, and soon distinguished himself for learning and devotion. In 1415 he accompanied the general of his order to the Council of Constance. Thereafter he proceeded to the University of Paris for study, and took his doctor's degree in theology in 1423. After teaching for some time in Paris, he became"
"the two kingdoms. Pope Innocent VIII confirmed Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, a confessor of Isabella, as Grand Inquisitor of Spain, following in the tradition in Aragon of Dominican inquisitors. Torquemada pursued aggressive policies toward converted Jews (conversos) and moriscos. The pope also granted the Catholic Kings the right of patronage over the ecclesiastical establishment in Granada and the Canary Islands, which meant the control of the state in religious affairs. The monarchs began a series of campaigns known as the Granada War (1482-1492), which was aided by Pope Sixtus IV's granting the tithe revenue and implementing a crusade tax so"
"Antonio de Torquemada ""For other people with this surname, see Torquemada"" Antonio de Torquemada (circa 1507, León, Spain - 1569), was a Spanish writer of the Renaissance. He studied humanities in Salamanca. Between 1528 and 1530 he lived in Italy and he was secretary of the Count of Benavente. He composed popular works that were translated in France, Italy and England. His ""Satirical Colloquies"" are developed in a pastoral frame, that is an advance to the pastoral literature. His most famous work, ""Garden of Peculiar Flowers"", was mentioned by Miguel de Cervantes in the first part of ""Quijote"". His complete"
"The existence of superficial converts (i.e., Crypto-Jews) was perceived by the Spanish monarchs of that time (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella) as a threat to the religious and social life of Spain. This led Torquemada, who himself had converso ancestors, to be one of the chief supporters of the Alhambra Decree that expelled the Jews from Spain in 1492. Torquemada was born on October 14, 1420, either in Valladolid, in the Kingdom of Castile, or in the nearby village of Torquemada. He came from a family of conversos (converts from Judaism); his uncle, Juan de Torquemada, was a celebrated theologian"
"works were published in the '90s in Madrid. Antonio de Torquemada ""For other people with this surname, see Torquemada"" Antonio de Torquemada (circa 1507, León, Spain - 1569), was a Spanish writer of the Renaissance. He studied humanities in Salamanca. Between 1528 and 1530 he lived in Italy and he was secretary of the Count of Benavente. He composed popular works that were translated in France, Italy and England. His ""Satirical Colloquies"" are developed in a pastoral frame, that is an advance to the pastoral literature. His most famous work, ""Garden of Peculiar Flowers"", was mentioned by Miguel de Cervantes"
"Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada (19 August 1534 – 20 April 1602) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (1587–1602) and Bishop of Ourense (1578–1587). Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada was born in Córdoba, Spain. On 7 July 1578, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XIII as Bishop of Ourense. On 25 January 1579, he was consecrated bishop by Francisco Blanco Salcedo, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela, with Fernando Vellosillo Barrio, Bishop of Lugo, and Diego Torquemada, Bishop of Tui, serving as co-consecrators. On 27 July 1587, he was"
"and King Ferdinand. After first serving as Bishop of Zamora (1487–1494), Bishop of Salamanca (1494–1498), Bishop of Jaén (1498–1500), and Bishop of Palencia (February 1500 – 1504), he became Archbishop of Seville in 1505. Deza was commissioned as Grand Inquisitor for Castile, León, and Granada on 24 November 1498. On 1 September of the following year, his authority was expanded to cover the whole of Spain. Deza was the successor to Tomás de Torquemada, perhaps the most famous of all inquisitors. Like Torquemada, Deza had a particular dislike of ""conversos"" — Jews or Muslims who had converted to Christianity but"
"opposition to Pope Pius IX's definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Other works include polemical tracts and sermons. Torquemada's ""Meditationes"" was the first illustrated book published in Italy. The first edition of the book was published in 1467 in Rome by Ulrich Han. From the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection at the Library of Congress Juan de Torquemada (cardinal) Juan de Torquemada, O.P. (1388 – 26 September 1468), (church Latin Johannes de Turre cremata, various spellings), Spanish ecclesiastic, was born at Valladolid, and was educated in that city. Juan de Torquemada was born in Valladolid, Spain. At an early"
"Giuliano Cesarini. He also worked on behalf of Pope Eugene on missions to Germany and France before settling in the Roman curia. As Cardinal of San Sisto, Torquemada supported papal Crusade policy in opposition to the Ottoman Turks. He also defended the conversos of Toledo against accusations that they were not true Christians. (Juan de Torquemada was an uncle of the Inquisitor, Tomás de Torquemada. The latter's fear of ""crypto-Jews"" might derive from his uncle's defense of the converso community of Toledo.) Torquemada promoted reform of religious houses of his order and of monasteries. In 1456, the new Pope Callixtus"
"prior of the Dominican house in Valladolid, and then in Toledo. Torquemada attended the Council of Basel (1431–1449) as a representative of his order and of the King of Castile. At the Council of Basel he was one of the ablest supporters of the viewpoint of pope Eugene IV and the Roman curia. He was rewarded with the office of Master of the Sacred Palace (4 March 1435), and later with a cardinal's hat in 1439. Torquemada participated in the Council of Florence, speaking on theological issues involving the eastern churches and defending papal primacy in a debate with Cardinal"
"III, aka Alfonso de Borja, gave him, in commendam, the position of Abbot of the monastery of Santa Scolastica in Subiaco. This connection may explain his interest in the importation of printing into Rome. The cardinal wrote extensively on behalf of papal primacy. Most notably, his ""Summa de ecclesia"" defended the Church against the Hussites and the Roman pontiff against conciliarism. Torquemada became cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere (1446-1460), then cardinal bishop of Palestrina (1460-1463), and last cardinal bishop of Sabina (1463-1468). He participated in four papal elections, casting the deciding vote in the election of Pope Nicholas"
"Roman Catholic Inquisition in Spain, and with the Dominican friar Tomás de Torquemada as the first Inquisitor General, the Catholic Monarchs pursued a policy of religious and national unity. Though Isabella opposed taking harsh measures against Jews on economic grounds, Torquemada was able to convince Ferdinand. On 31 March 1492, the Alhambra decree for the expulsion of the Jews was issued. The Jews had until the end of July, three months, to leave the country and they were not to take with them gold, silver, money, arms, or horses. Traditionally, it had been claimed that as many as 200,000 Jews"
"and cardinal, whose grandmother was a ""conversa."" The 15th Century chronicler, Hernando del Pulgar, who was a contemporary to de Torquemada, and himself a ""converso"", recorded that Tomás de Torquemada's uncle, Juan de Torquemada, had an ancestor, Álvar Fernández de Torquemada, who was married to a first-generation ""conversa"". Torquemada entered the local San Pablo Dominican monastery at a very young age. As a zealous advocate of church orthodoxy, he earned a solid reputation for learning, piety, and austerity. As a result, he was promoted to prior of the monastery of Santa Cruz at Segovia. Around this time, he met the"
"appointed during the papacy of Pope Sixtus V as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela. He served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela until his death on 20 April 1602. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of Miguel Ares Canaval, Bishop of Orense (1595); Francisco de Tolosa, Bishop of Tui (1597); and Francisco Terrones del Caño, Bishop of Tui (1601). Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada (19 August 1534 – 20 April 1602) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (1587–1602) and Bishop of Ourense (1578–1587). Juan de Sanclemente Torquemada was born"
"Battle of Tocarema The Battle of Tocarema (Spanish: ""Batalla de Tocarema"") was a battle fought between an alliance of the troops of Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and ""zipa"" of the Muisca Sagipa of the southern Muisca Confederation and the indigenous Panche. The battle took place on the afternoon of August 19 and the morning of August 20, 1538 in the ""vereda"" Tocarema of Cachipay, Cundinamarca, Colombia and resulted in a victory for the Spanish and Muisca, when captains Juan de Céspedes and Juan de Sanct Martín commanded two flanks of the conquistadors. The victory of the Spanish colonial"
"Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada y Rivera, also spelled as De Quezada and Ximénez, (; 1496 – other sources state 1506 or 1509 Suesca, 16 February 1579 was a Spanish explorer and conquistador in northern South America, territories currently known as Colombia. He explored the northern part of South America. As a well-educated lawyer he was one of the intellectuals of the Spanish conquest. He was an effective organizer and leader, designed the first legislation for the government of the area, and was its historian. After 1569 he undertook explorations toward the east, searching for the elusive"
"to their home country were wounded. Hernán Pérez de Quesada Hernán Pérez de Quesada, sometimes spelled as De Quezada, (~1500 – 1544) was a Spanish conquistador. Second in command of the army of his elder brother, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, Hernán was part of the first European expedition towards the inner highlands of the Colombian Andes. The harsh journey, taking almost a year and many deaths, led through the departments Magdalena, Cesar, Santander, Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Huila of present-day Colombia between 1536 and 1539 and, without him, Meta, Caquetá and Putumayo of Colombia and northern Peru and Ecuador between 1540"
"brother friars and of the guardian of the convent of San Francisco. His body was conducted in solemn procession from Tlatelolco to Mexico City accompanied by many mourners who paused at seven places on the way in order to sing responses. On arrival at the church of San Francisco (the mother church of the province), it was interred in the sanctuary, on the right-hand side near the high altar. By way of providing impetus to and official sanction for Torquemada's history, fray Bernardo Salva, the ""Comisario general de Indias"" (acting by specific direction from his immediate superior, Arcángelo de Messina,"
"young Princess Isabella I, and the two immediately established religious and ideological rapport. For a number of years, Torquemada served as her regular confessor and personal advisor. He was present at Isabella's coronation in 1474, and remained her closest ally and supporter. He even advised her to marry King Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469, in order to consolidate their kingdoms and form a power base he could draw on for his own purposes. Torquemada deeply feared the Marranos and Moriscos as a menace to Spain's welfare by both their increasing religious influence, and their economic domination of Spain. The Crown"
"Adrián de Moxica Adrián de Moxica (1453 – c. 1499) was a Spanish nobleman and explorer. Adrian de Moxica was born to a Spanish noble family of Basque descent. In 1498 he accompanied Christopher Columbus on his third journey to the Americas, where he participated in the rebellion against Columbus in 1499 led by Francisco Roldán. Moxica had a crucial part in the rebellion and was the main initiator of the atrocities against the Native Americans against the will of Christopher Columbus. Although the rebellion was successful, de Moxica was arrested by Columbus' troops and hanged. Adrián de Moxica was"
"feet. The Panche continued to pose resistance to the Spanish Crown and new conquest expeditions into their territories were organised by Pérez de Quesada. He sent his captain Hernán Venegas Carrillo towards the west in August 1543. Venegas Carrillo passed through Chaguaní, Bituima, Apulo and Tocaima, and became the colonial founder of the last three villages. The Spanish established three encomiendas in the Panche territories; Honda, Calamoyma and Chapayma. Battle of Tocarema The Battle of Tocarema (Spanish: ""Batalla de Tocarema"") was a battle fought between an alliance of the troops of Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and ""zipa"" of"
"with the Dominican Friar Tomás de Torquemada acting as its president, even though Sixtus IV protested the activities of the inquisition in Aragon and its treatment of the ""conversos"". Torquemada eventually assumed the title of Inquisitor-General. Thomas F. Madden describes the world that formed medieval politics: ""The Inquisition was not born out of desire to crush diversity or oppress people; it was rather an attempt to stop unjust executions. Yes, you read that correctly. Heresy was a crime against the state. Roman law in the Code of Justinian made it a capital offense. Rulers, whose authority was believed to come"
"V (1447–1455). He died at Rome in 1468 and was buried at Santa Maria sopra Minerva. A painting by Antoniazzo Romano showing the Annunciation has in its background Torquemada presenting girls who received dowry funds from a guild he founded to the Virgin Mary. (At an earlier age he was painted by Fra Angelico in a Crucifixion scene now at Harvard University's Fogg Museum.) Torquemada's principal works are: The ""Summa de ecclesia"" has the following topical books: His ""De conceptione deiparae Mariae"", libri viii. (Rome, 1547), was edited with preface and notes by E. B. Pusey (London, 1869 seq.) in"
"Teresa of Ávila Saint Teresa of Ávila, also called Saint Teresa of Jesus, baptized as Teresa Sánchez de Cepeda y Ahumada (28 March 15154 October 1582), was a prominent Spanish mystic, Roman Catholic saint, Carmelite nun, author, and theologian of contemplative life through mental prayer. Active during the Counter-Reformation, she was a reformer in the Carmelite Order of her time; the movement she initiated, later joined by Saint John of the Cross, eventually led to the establishment of the Discalced Carmelites, though neither she nor John were alive when the two orders separated. In 1622, forty years after her death,"
"establishment within the Seville Regiments, being visited frequently by the wife of a High Military local boss, aroused an interest in the empty tombstone sarcophagus. She thought it would be useful to set up a bath to look after her beauty. While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of: and the principal co-consecrator of: Diego Deza Diego de Deza (1444 – 9 June 1523) was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor. Deza was born in Toro, Zamora"
"Diego Deza Diego de Deza (1444 – 9 June 1523) was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor. Deza was born in Toro, Zamora and entered the Dominican Order at a young age. He held a number of ecclesiastical posts, and also tutored Prince Juan de Aragón y Castilla, also known as John, Prince of Asturias, the only surviving son of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. He was fundamental in granting navigator Christopher Columbus access to Queen Isabella"
"thousands of persons. None of these pieces have survived. Other writings include two unpublished letters found in the General Archive of the Indies in Seville (dating from 1620), and two long apologetic ""Statements"" (or ""alegatos"", dating from 1621) eventually published by Icazbalceta. These argue - one from a theological and canonical perspective, the other from a historical perspective - that members of the three Mendicant orders then active in New Spain should not be subjected to examination by the diocesan bishops Fray Juan de Torquemada Juan de Torquemada (c. 1562 – 1624) was a Franciscan friar, active as missionary in"
"Tomas de Lemos Tomás de Lemos (Thomas) (Ribadavia, 1555 – Rome, 23 August 1629) was a Spanish Dominican theologian and controversialist. At an early age he entered the Order of St. Dominic in his native town; he obtained, in 1590 the lectorate in theology and was at the same time appointed regent of studies in the convent of St. Paul at Valladolid. In 1594 he was assigned to the chair of theology in the university of that city. The intellectual atmosphere of the time was troubled, and theological discussion was rife. The controversy aroused in 1588 by the publication of"
"Juan de la Cosa Juan de la Cosa (c. 1450 – 28 February 1510) was a Spanish navigator and cartographer, known for designing the earliest European world map that incorporated the territories of the Americas that were discovered in the 15th century. De la Cosa played an important role in the first and second voyage of Christopher Columbus to the West Indies, since he was the owner and captain of the ""Santa María"". In 1499, he served as the chief pilot in the expedition of Alonso de Ojeda to the coasts of South America. Upon his return to Andalusia, he"
"1487, Innocent confirmed Tomas de Torquemada as Grand Inquisitor of Spain. Also in 1487, Innocent issued a bull for the extermination of the heretics the Waldensians (Vaudois), offering plenary indulgence to all who should engage in the Crusade against them. Alberto de' Capitanei, archdeacon of Cremona, responded to the bull by organizing a crusade to fulfill its order and launched an offensive in the provinces of Dauphiné and Piedmont. Charles I, Duke of Savoy eventually interfered to save his territories from further confusion and promised the Vaudois peace, but not before the offensive had devastated the area and many of"
"de Olmedo, called him ""the hammer of heretics, the light of Spain, the savior of his country, the honor of his order."" Torquemada saw that the condemned were made to wear a sanbenito, a penitential garment worn over clothing, bearing a design that specified the type of penitence, if any. One type, worn by those sentenced to death, had designs of hell's flames, or sometimes demons, dragons, and/or snakes on it. Another type had a cross, and was worn instead of imprisonment, then hung in the parish church. The Treaty of Granada (1491), as negotiated at the final surrender of"