"Beveridge Report The Beveridge Report, officially entitled Social Insurance and Allied Services, is a government report, published in November 1942, influential in the founding of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It was drafted by the Liberal economist William Beveridge, who proposed widespread reforms to the system of social welfare to address what he identified as five ""Giant Evils"" in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease. Published in the midst of World War II, the report promised rewards for everyone's sacrifices. Overwhelmingly popular with the public, it formed the basis for the post-war reforms known as the Welfare"
"Allied Services"" was published in November 1942. It proposed that all people of working age should pay a weekly national insurance contribution. In return, benefits would be paid to people who were sick, unemployed, retired or widowed. Beveridge argued that this system would provide a minimum standard of living ""below which no one should be allowed to fall"". It recommended that the government should find ways of fighting the ""five giants on the road of reconstruction"" of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. Beveridge included as one of three fundamental assumptions the fact that there would be a National Health"
"significant improvements in the diets of poor families. As noted by Richard Titmuss, The Labour Party eventually also adopted the Beveridge proposals, and after their victory in the 1945 general election, they proceeded to implement many social policies, which became known as the Welfare State. These included the Family Allowances Act 1945, National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1946, National Insurance Act 1946, National Health Service Act 1946, Pensions (Increase) Act 1947, Landlord and Tenant (Rent Control) Act 1949, National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act 1948, National Insurance Act 1949. Beveridge Report The Beveridge Report, officially entitled Social Insurance and Allied Services,"
"and Allied Services"", commonly known as the Beveridge Report after its chairman, Sir William Beveridge. The Beveridge Report proposed a series of measures to aid those who were in need of help, or in poverty and recommended that the government find ways of tackling what the report called ""the five giants"": Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. It urged the government to take steps to provide citizens with adequate income, adequate health care, adequate education, adequate housing, and adequate employment, proposing that ""All people of working age should pay a weekly National Insurance contribution. In return, benefits would be paid"
"given the task of planning, in Churchill's words, ""a number of practical steps which it is indispensable to take if our society is to move forward."" In June 1941, in response to arguments by the Trades Union Congress that there existed inadequacies with the country's system of social insurance, Greenwood set up an Interdepartmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services to look into the state of Britain's social welfare programmes, and see where improvements may be made. Greenwood appointed a Liberal, William Beveridge, chairman of the committee. Co-operators, in common with the trade unions and labour, pressed hard from"
"State, which include the expansion of National Insurance and the creation of the National Health Service. In 1940, during the Second World War, the Labour Party entered into a coalition with the Conservative Party. On 10 June 1941 Arthur Greenwood, the Labour MP and Minister without Portfolio, announced the creation of an inter-departmental committee which would carry out a survey of Britain's social insurance and allied services: Its members were civil servants from the Home Office, Ministry of Labour and National Service, Ministry of Pensions, Government Actuary, Ministry of Health, HM Treasury, Reconstruction Secretariat, Board of Customs and Excise, Assistance"
"the policy of social reform. In one opinion poll, 41% of respondents considered housing to be the most important issue that faced the country, 15% stated the Labour policy of full employment, 7% mentioned social security, 6% nationalisation and just 5% international security, which was emphasised by the Conservatives. The Beveridge Report, published in 1942, proposed the creation of a welfare state. It called for a dramatic turn in British social policy, with provision for nationalised healthcare, expansion of state-funded education, National Insurance and a new housing policy. The report was extremely popular, and copies of its findings were widely"
"I. M. Rubinow Isaac Max Rubinow (1875–September 1, 1936) was a leading theorist on social insurance and one of the most influential writers on the subject. Rubinow had an M.D., from New York University Medical School and held a Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University. His 1913 book, ""Social Insurance"", was the most influential early work on social security. His work impacted a generation of social reformers, including President Theodore Roosevelt, who used Rubinow's work in drafting the Progressive Party platform in 1912. The Progressive Party was the first of its kind to call for social insurance. Rubinow was a"
"of modern social policy, the Royal Commission - and in particular its famous Minority Report - has often been closely twinned with the Beveridge Plan of 1942 as one of the two most seminal public enquiries into the working of British social policy over the last hundred years"", noting that the Minority Report has often been cited as one of the first descriptions of a modern welfare state. William Beveridge worked as a researcher for the Webbs on the Minority Report, on the issue of employment exchanges and was to write in his memoirs that ""the Beveridge Report stemmed from"
"time Major C.H. Douglas, a British engineer and social philosopher, developed a new economic philosophy which he labelled Social Credit. At the heart of the philosophy was a firm belief in the importance of individual freedom, but also that the monetary system had to be changed so that the market system could function properly. In short he combined monetary reform and basic income. The Beveridge report, published in 1942, stated that social insurances should be the main system in society for economic security. Besides that the report also proposed a selective system for those without access to social insurances. Beveridge"
"and call an immediate election. The war had set in motion profound social changes within Britain, and had ultimately led to a widespread popular desire for social reform. This mood was epitomised in the Beveridge Report of 1942, by the Liberal economist William Beveridge. The ""Report"" assumed that the maintenance of full employment would be the aim of post-war governments, and that this would provide the basis for the welfare state. Immediately on its release, it sold hundreds of thousands of copies. All major parties committed themselves to fulfilling this aim, but most historians say that Attlee's Labour Party were"
"1944, in the Vichy government. As a result, historian Fred Kupferman has called Laval ""the father of social security"" in France. During the Second World War, the National Council of the French Resistance adopted plans to create a universal social security program to cover all citizens, regardless of class, in the event that sickness or injury made them unable to work. In the U.K., the first report of British economist William Beveridge outlined the general principles that would govern the integration and evolution of social security in post-war France. Indeed, the ""ordonnances"" of 4 and 19 April 1945, created a"
"and the Medical Department linked to it. On July 14, 1942, the new Law on Compulsory Social Security, in which new insurance conditions, the financing of all general insurance pensions are established with the State's contribution of 40% is issued; and sickness and maternity insurance benefits among some members joined. On September 19, 1963, by Supreme Decree No. 517, the Pension Fund and Insurance Fund merge to create the NATIONAL HOUSING AND MEDICAL INSURANCE DEPARTMENT. By Supreme Decree No. 40 of July 25, 1970, published in the Official Gazette No. 15 of 10 July 1970 the National Social Security Fund"
"eventual outcome of his study was the 1942 book, ""Alcohol Addiction and Chronic Alcoholism"". From 1941 to 1952, he was Associate Professor of Applied Physiology at Yale University. In 1941 he was managing editor of the newly established Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol (now the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs). In 1950 he was engaged by the World Health Organization in Geneva as a consultant on alcoholism, and made significant contributions to the work of the Alcoholism Sub-committee of the W.H.O.'s ""Expert Committee on Mental Health"". The Second Report of the Alcoholism Subcommittee, published in August 1952,"
"Secretary of State for Scotland by Prime Minister Winston Churchill but continued to work for the Society and the principles for which it stood. When Sir William Beveridge was asked to make a report on industrial assurance, Tom Johnston came back to the campaign he had been waging among the members of the Association of Collecting Friendly Societies. The report ""Social Insurance and Allied Services"" (known as the Beveridge Report) served as the basis for the post-World War II welfare state put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945. Responding to the Beveridge Report, a letter to the"
"Balfour established the Commission, which issued its final report to the Liberal government of H. H. Asquith. Beatrice was lead author of the dissenting minority report. This sketched the outlines of a Welfare State which would secure a national minimum of civilised life ... open to all alike, of both sexes and all classes, by which we meant sufficient nourishment and training when young, a living wage when able-bodied, treatment when sick, and modest but secure livelihood when disabled or aged."" William Beveridge, future author of the 1942 Beveridge Report that introduced the Welfare State in the United Kingdom, worked"
"Greenwood, the Labour Party Deputy Leader and cabinet minister with responsibility for post-war reconstruction, successfully pressed the cabinet to commission a report into social insurance from economist and social reformer William Beveridge, Beveridge attached an assumption to the Beveridge Report that this same idea would be implemented; his report stressed the importance of it. Developing the idea into firm policy proved difficult. Although the BMA had been part of the Medical Planning Commission, at their conference in September 1943 the association changed policy to oppose local authority control of hospitals and to favour extension of health insurance instead of GPs"
"Pierre Laroque Pierre Laroque (2 November 1907 in Paris – January 21, 1997 in Paris) was a French senior civil servant known as the ""father of social security"". Admitted to the Conseil d'État in 1929, Pierre Laroque (1907–1997), in 1931, he entered the Cabinet of Adolphe Landry, Minister of Work and Social Care, to become a specialist in social insurance. In March 1938, he published a report entitled ""the North Africans in France"", which criticised the Service de surveillance et de protection des Nord-Africains, organised by the Prefecture of Police. In his report, he predicted the dissociation of social protection"
"1923 but was divorced in 1925. She remarried in 1926, to Ian Armstrong. She traveled in Europe in 1926 and 1927, studying social insurance systems. She became an associate professor at Berkeley in 1928, and moved to the law faculty permanently, to teach law full-time. She was the first woman to become a full-time faculty member at a major US law school. She published a book ""Insuring the Essentials:Minimum Wage Program"" in 1932, and became Chief of Staff for Social Security Planning of the Committee on Economic Security (CES), in 1934. She helped to draft the Social Security Act of"
"what a future integrated medical care service, in the UK, could look like. With the publication of the Beveridge Report in November 1942, that posited the foundation of a Welfare state as well as an integrated medical care service in the form of a National Health Service, that was subsequently established in 1948, it enabled national policy directives to be applied to the whole service. The Platt Report was one of those directives, designed in a manner, to improve the delivery of care. With the introduction of Penicillin into the majority of the medical community by the 1940s, the major"
"the ""Ley de Bases de 1944"" perpetuated this . The Law of 14 December 1942 create a system of obligatory health insurance under the already extant National Insurance Institute (""Instituto Nacional de Previsión"", INP). The system was based on a percentage tax linked to employment. This was further modified by the General Law of Social Security (""Ley General de la Seguridad Social"") in 1974, toward the end of the Franco regime. Social Security had taken on an increasing number of diseases within its package of services, as well as covering a larger number of individuals and communities. The General Health"
"published in 1937, had fomented extensive debate about the severe inadequacies of healthcare. The author's innovative ideas were not only essential to the conception of the NHS, but in fact, his best-selling novels are said to have greatly contributed to the Labour Party's victory in 1945. A national health service was one of the fundamental assumptions in the Beveridge Report. The Emergency Hospital Service established in 1939 gave a taste of what a National Health Service might look like. Healthcare prior to the war had been an unsatisfactory mix of private, municipal and charity schemes. Bevan decided that the way"
"relief like the Civilian Conservation Corps and other public works programs were started. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration proposed to Congress federal social relief programs and a federally sponsored retirement program. Congress followed by the passage of the 37 page Social Security Act, signed into law August 14, 1935 and ""effective"" by 1939—just as World War II began. This program was expanded several times over the years. Economic historians led by Price Fishback have examined the impact of New Deal spending on improving health conditions in the 114 largest cities, 1929–1937. They estimated that every additional $153,000 in"
"Marsh took on the task immediately and with the help of several staff members he was able to complete a draft report in just three months. The ""Report on Social Security for Canada"" was submitted to Parliament on March 15th 1943. It called for the establishment of a broad range of social assistance, social insurance and public welfare programs. It subsequently became known colloquially known as ""The Marsh Report"". Despite the favourable publicity it received in 1943, the report was largely ignored. Some have even postulated that it was a source of embarrassment for the King government. Many of the"
"unskilled workers... social insurance was less important than bargaining about wages."" Bevin derided the Beveridge Report as a ""Social Ambulance Scheme"" and followed the Coalition Government's view that it should not be implemented until the end of the war (he was furious in February 1943 when a large number of Labour back-benchers ignored their leaders and voted against delay in implementing Beveridge). The war years saw great improvements in working conditions and welfare provisions, which paved the way for the postwar UK Welfare State. Infant, child, and maternity services were expanded, while the Official Food Policy Committee (chaired by the"
"during peace time, so shortly after the war, the BMA had produced its own plan for a ""general medical service for the nation"". The plan had a number of revisions incorporating the latest BMA policy on various aspects of health care and in 1942 the Annual Representatives meeting approved a proposal for a state system ""for the whole community"" as suggested by the BMA's Medical Planning Commission. Later in 1942 the Beveridge Report announced a comprehensive national health service was to be established. The White paper ""A National Health Service"" was published on 17 February 1944. Although the BMA agreed"
"Ida Craven Merriam Ida Craven Merriam (1904–1997) was an American economist and statistician who became ""one of the seminal figures in the early administration of the Social Security program"" and helped found the nonprofit National Academy of Social Insurance. Ida Craven graduated Phi Beta Kappa in English and history from Wellesley College in 1925, where she was president of the Wellesley Forum. She studied economics at the University of Chicago, and then earned a Ph.D. in 1928 from the Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government in Washington, DC. While working towards her doctorate at Brookings, she also taught a"
"seriously weakened these funds, and the Civil Service Fund alone suffered a deficit of over twenty times its reserve by 1931. The increase in deductions and subsequent economic recovery allowed further expansion of pension coverage, with funds established in 1939 for port and newspaper employees. An initiative by Juan Atilio Bramuglia, chief counsel for the ""Unión Ferroviaria"" (at the time the most important union in the CGT), and by Labor Secretary Juan Perón, promoted the Labor Department to a cabinet-level post and, in 1944, established the National Institute for Social Insurance (INPS). The INPS converted the voluntary pension funds, which"
"Ann Cartwright Ann Cartwright (born 1925) is a British statistician and socio-medical researcher. Her Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care was launched by Michael Young, initially under the auspices of his Institute of Community Studies where Cartwright went to work in 1960. The Institute produced numerous books and reports for the Department of Health which explored issues with the use and perception of primary medical care in Britain. One report (""Medicine Takers, Prescribers & Hoarders"", 1972) was written with Karen Dunnell, now the UK's National Statistician. Others included ""Patients & Their Doctors"" (1967), ""Parent & Family Planning Services"" (1970),"
"employers. In 1919 it became compulsory and it affected 12 million workers; the Agency was renamed National Institute for Social Insurance (INPS) in 1933. In 1939 unemployment insurance, tuberculosis benefits, widow pensions and family grants were established, along with the first forms of redundancy funds; pension ages were lowered. In 1952 pensions were reformed, and minimum pensions were introduced. In 1968–69 the contribution-based system was changed with a retribution-based system, related to previous wages. New measures were introduced for workers and employers to face production crisis. In the 1980s INPS got linked to the new healthcare system, and in 1989"
"in 1945. Systems of health insurance usually consisted of private schemes such as Friendly societies or Welfare societies. Under the National Insurance Act 1911, introduced by David Lloyd George, a small amount was deducted from weekly wages, to which were added contributions from the employer and the government. In return for the record of contributions, the workman was entitled to medical care (as well as retirement and unemployment benefits) though not necessarily to the drugs prescribed. To obtain medical care, he registered with a doctor. Each doctor in General Practice who participated in the scheme thus had a 'panel' of"
"small vote. In 1940, he was appointed Special Commissioner for the homeless in London. Willink was made a Privy Counsellor in 1943, the year he became Minister of Health, a role in which he served until the Conservatives lost the 1945 general election. Willink, with John Hawton, was responsible for the 1944 White Paper, following the Beveridge Report, called ""A National Health Service"". It proposed the creation of a fully comprehensive, universal healthcare system, free of charge and available to all citizens irrespective of means. When Labour came into office in 1945, it presented its own plan in preference to"
"Social Science Research Project proved to be an irritant to the university and funders and funding was not renewed when the grant ran out in 1940. Leonard Marsh went on to be named research director for the Federal Government's Advisory Committee on Reconstruction under chair Frank Cyril James in 1941. In early December 1942, the British Government released the Beveridge Report which called for the creation of a postwar welfare state. It was popular in Canada which led Mackenzie King, the Liberal government Prime Minister to ask James and Marsh to prepare a similar report for Canada in mid December."