"theory with scepticism but did not suggest outright that militants had targeted it. Chechnya Spetsnaz base explosion The Chechnya Spetsnaz base explosion was the February 8, 2006, blast at the Russian Defense Ministry's special security unit barracks at Kurchaloi near Grozny, Chechnya, which killed at least 13 Russian special forces troops and injured 28 more, according to the official statement. The two-story building, which collapsed, housed unit of about 200 GRU servicemen, of which some 43 were believed to have been inside at the time of the explosion. The officials said a gas leak was the most likely cause but"
"Chechen capital Grozny. The Russian Ministry of Defense canceled plans to reduce the 80,000 troop presence in the tiny breakaway republic. In early November, Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov announced Russian troops had launched large-scale operations against separatists throughout Chechnya. The actions of the military caused a new wave of refugees, according to the pro-Moscow Chechen official and the hostage crisis negotiator Aslanbek Aslakhanov. On 29 May 2008, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) unanimously condemned Russia for enforced disappearances in five cases from Chechnya, including the disappearance of two young women in Ulus-Kert (the prosecutor's office initially stated to"
"and Akhmat Kadyrov . Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque The Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque (, ""Mechet Akhmata Kadyrova""; ) is located in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya. It is one of the largest mosques in Russia and is officially known as ""The Heart of Chechnya"" (Russian: Сердце Чечни, ""Serdtse Chechni""; Chechen: Нохчийчоьнан дог). The mosque is named after Akhmad Kadyrov, the mufti of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and the first president of the Republic of Chechnya, who commissioned its construction from the mayor of Konya. The mosque design with a set of -tall minarets is based on the Sultan Ahmed Mosque"
"out"". On 1 October, Russian troops entered Chechnya. The campaign ended the de facto independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and restored Russian federal control over the territory. During the initial campaign, Russian military and pro-Russian Chechen paramilitary forces faced Chechen separatists in open combat, and seized the Chechen capital Grozny after a winter siege that lasted from late 1999 until February 2000. Russia established direct rule of Chechnya in May 2000 and after the full-scale offensive, Chechen militant resistance throughout the North Caucasus region continued to inflict heavy Russian casualties and challenge Russian political control over Chechnya for"
"Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque The Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque (, ""Mechet Akhmata Kadyrova""; ) is located in Grozny, the capital of Chechnya. It is one of the largest mosques in Russia and is officially known as ""The Heart of Chechnya"" (Russian: Сердце Чечни, ""Serdtse Chechni""; Chechen: Нохчийчоьнан дог). The mosque is named after Akhmad Kadyrov, the mufti of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and the first president of the Republic of Chechnya, who commissioned its construction from the mayor of Konya. The mosque design with a set of -tall minarets is based on the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul. On October"
"the app of the owning company. <ref> Grozny Grozny (; ) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 Census, it had a population of 271,573; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Census. It was previously known as ""Groznaya"" (until 1870). In Russian, ""Grozny"" means ""fearsome"", ""menacing"", or ""redoubtable"", the same word as in Ivan Grozny or Ivan the Terrible. While the official name in Chechen is the same, informally the city is known as"
"by the Russian president Vladimir Putin. On 5 October 2003, he was elected the first President of Chechnya. In this position, he remained mainly pro-Moscow. He also advocated numerous amnesty campaigns for former rebel fighters, who were allowed to join Chechen police and loyalist militia forces if they surrendered. His chief personal bodyguard was Movladi Baisarov. Reportedly, there were at least a dozen assassination attempts against him before the final one. On 9 May 2004, an explosion ripped through the VIP seating at the Dinamo football stadium during a mid-morning Soviet Victory Day parade in the capital city of Grozny,"
"the southern region of Chechnya to prevent its secession from Russia. Living south of Moscow, the predominantly Muslim Chechens for centuries had gloried in defying the Russians. Dzhokhar Dudayev, the Republic of Chechnya’s nationalist president, was driven to take his republic out of the Russian Federation, and had declared Chechnya's independence in 1991. Russia was quickly submerged in a quagmire like that of the U.S. in the Vietnam War. When the Russians attacked the Chechen capital of Grozny during the first weeks of January 1995, about 25,000 civilians died under week-long air raids and artillery fire in the sealed-off city."
"for the main commanders of the invasion of Chechnya, Defense Minister Pavel Grachev and federal Interior Minister Viktor Yerin, as they travelled to the Mozdok airbase in North Ossetia, which was the main headquarters, staging area and logistics base for Russian forces entering Chechnya. Later, many Alpha troops served in ""mobile anti-terror groups"" (""mobilnye gruppy antiterrora""), as well as providing security for the pro-Moscow Chechen government complex and the regional FSB headquarters in the Chechen capital Grozny. In August 1996, when the city was retaken by Chechen separatist forces, 35 of them (including 14 members of the territorial Alpha unit"
"Presidential Palace, Grozny The Presidential Palace in Grozny was a building in the center of the Chechen capital Grozny. The building became a symbol of resistance for the supporters of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria during the early stages of the conflict in Chechnya. The building was ruined by repeated artillery and air strikes. The Russians demolished it in 1996. The 11-floor building was originally the headquarters of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Eventually General Dzhokhar Dudayev, the first leader of the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, adopted it as his"
"of Chechnya's State Security Department. In 1994 the First Chechen War began, where Barayev fought on the Chechen separatist side, and it was during this time he committed his first act of kidnapping when he and his men abducted for ransom a group of 29 Russian engineers from a power plant near the Chechen capital, Grozny. The war ended in 1996, with a Chechen separatist victory establishing a ""de facto"" independent Chechnya. Barayev formed the Special Purpose Islamic Regiment, where he and his associates became infamous for their alleged part in a wave of lawlessness which swept the devastated country."
"the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the 1989 Census, during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants. In 2004, a force of Chechen and ethnic Ingush rebels carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev. The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west. The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants"
"2010 Chechen Parliament attack The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos. In 2010, a majority of the seats in the Parliament of the Chechen Republic are held by loyalists of the Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and the 2005 election was seen by critics as a ""sham"". The reigning government has been labeled by many"
"Memorial to the Victims of the Deportation of 1944 The Memorial to the Victims of the Deportation of 1944 (Chechen: 1944 шарахь цIера баьхна нохчийн иэсан хIоллам, Russian: Мемориал жертвам депортации 1944 года) was a Chechen memorial in the center of Grozny, capital of Chechnya, opened in 1992 to commemorate the Chechen victims of the Stalinist regime during and following their forced relocation to Central Asia in February 1944. Partially destroyed by bombing of the Russian army during the period 1994-1996 and 1999-2000, the memorial complex was again defaced in an attempt to demolish it conducted in 2008 by the"
"of the organized resistance. (Another offensive against the remaining mountain strongholds was launched by the Russian forces in December 2000.) Russian President Vladimir Putin established direct rule of Chechnya in May 2000. The following month, Putin appointed Akhmad Kadyrov interim head of the pro-Moscow government. This development met with early approval in the rest of Russia, but the continued deaths of Russian troops dampened public enthusiasm. On 23 March 2003, a new Chechen constitution was passed in a referendum. The 2003 Constitution granted the Chechen Republic a significant degree of autonomy, but still tied it firmly to Russia and Moscow's"
"Grozny Grozny (; ) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2010 Census, it had a population of 271,573; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Census. It was previously known as ""Groznaya"" (until 1870). In Russian, ""Grozny"" means ""fearsome"", ""menacing"", or ""redoubtable"", the same word as in Ivan Grozny or Ivan the Terrible. While the official name in Chechen is the same, informally the city is known as "", "", which literally means ""the city"
"1990 World Men's Handball Championship; home venue of ex-KHL's HC Lev Praha) and Stadion Evžena Rošického (1978 European Athletics Championships). Government News Statistics Trade Travel Czech Republic The Czech Republic (; ), also known by its short-form name, Czechia (; ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, with /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants; its capital and largest city"
"men in all the leading and more or less important positions. Politics of Chechnya Russian President Vladimir Putin established direct rule of Chechnya in May 2000. The following month, Putin appointed Akhmad Kadyrov interim head of the government. Since December 2005, the pro-Moscow militia leader Ramzan Kadyrov is functioning as Chechnya's prime minister and the republic's de facto ruler. Kadyrov, whose irregular forces are accused of carrying out many of the abductions and atrocities; has become Chechnya's most powerful leader since the 2004 assassination of his father Akhmat. The 29-year-old was elevated to full-time premier in March 2006, in charge"
"chairmen of two of its chambers gathered in Moscow with the remaining deputies and created the so-called Chechen State Council, headed by businessman Malik Saidullayev. This initiative, however, was not supported by the Russian leadership, which chose to re-create the local administration. It was headed by the former Mufti of Ichkeria, Akhmad Kadyrov. Following the Constitution that was adopted in 2003, a bicameral parliament amendment was introduced. In December 2007, a constitutional referendum abolished the upper house. The parliament consists of 41 deputies and 10 standing committees. Since the last elections to the parliament, the body has been divided into"
"Cherkessk Cherkessk () is the capital city of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia, as well as its political, economic, and cultural center. Its population was 129,069 (in 2010). It was previously known as ""Batalpashinskaya"" (until 1931),""Batalpashinsk"" (until 1934), ""Sulimov"" (until 1937), ""Yezhovo-Cherkessk"" (until 1939). In Russian, the city is called (""Čerkessk"") and has similar names in the languages of the city's other major ethnic groups. In Karachay, it is (""Çerkessk"") or (""Çerkessk şahar""); in Kabardian, it is (""Şărdjăs qală"") or (""Čerkessk""); in Abaza, it is (""Čerkes q̇ala"") or (""Čerkessk""); in Nogai, it is (""Şerkeş şahar"") and in Ukrainian, it is (""Čerkeśk"")."
"forests (and indeed, the national equation with the wolf), Chechens have a strong sense of affection for nature. According to Chechen philosopher Apty Bisultanov, ruining an ant-hill or hunting Caucasian goats during their mating season was considered extremely sinful. It is notable that the glasnost era Chechen independence movement, ""Bart"" (unity) in fact originated as a simple environmentalist organization in the republic's capital of Grozny. Chechen culture puts a strong value on the concept of freedom. This asserts itself in a number of ways. A large majority of the nation's national heroes fought for independence (or otherwise, like the legendary"
"Prague, Czechoslovakia finally freed itself from communism and Soviet influence, and Prague benefited deeply from the new mood. In 1993, after the split of Czechoslovakia, Prague became the capital city of the new Czech Republic. Prague is capital of two administrative units of Czech Republic - Prague region () and Central Bohemian Region (). As Prague is not geographically part of Central Bohemian Region it is a capital outside of the territory it serves. The four independent boroughs that had formerly constituted Prague were eventually proclaimed a single city in 1784. Those four cities were Hradčany (the Castle District, west"
"best modern race walkers, as Vera Sokolova, Olimpiada Ivanova, Yelena Nikolayeva and Vladimir Andreyev. Additionally, the 2008 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Cheboksary. Chuvashia The Chuvash Republic (, ""Chuvashskaya Respublika — Chuvashiya""; , ""Čăvaš Respubliki""), or Chuvashia ( ""Chuvashiya""; , ""Čăvaš Jen""), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619. The Chuvash Republic is located in the center of European Russia, in the heart of the Volga-Vyatka economic region,"
"Parliament of the Chechen Republic The Parliament of Chechnya () is the regional, unicameral legislature of the Chechen Republic in Russia. The modern Chechen parliament was established in 2003 after the Constitution of Chechnya was approved in a referendum. After the 1917 establishment of the USSR, the local parliament, the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast merged with Ingushetia, forming the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The parliament met twice a year for short sessions. In autumn 1995, the pro-Russian Chechen administration led by Doku Zavgaev convened the body with most of the deputies of"
"Politics of Chechnya Russian President Vladimir Putin established direct rule of Chechnya in May 2000. The following month, Putin appointed Akhmad Kadyrov interim head of the government. Since December 2005, the pro-Moscow militia leader Ramzan Kadyrov is functioning as Chechnya's prime minister and the republic's de facto ruler. Kadyrov, whose irregular forces are accused of carrying out many of the abductions and atrocities; has become Chechnya's most powerful leader since the 2004 assassination of his father Akhmat. The 29-year-old was elevated to full-time premier in March 2006, in charge of an administration that is a collection of his allies and"
"Makhachkala Makhachkala (; ; Lak: Гьанжи; Avar: МахӀачхъала ; Rutul: МахаӀчкала) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea and is home to the Makhachkala Grand Mosque, one of Russia’s largest. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 572,076, making it the largest in the North Caucasus Federal District. The city has an ethnic plurality, with the Avars and Kumyks being the largest groups. Founded as a fortress of the Russian Empire in 1844 and given city status thirteen years later, the city"
"of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR Supreme Soviet, which caused the death of the Soviet Communist Party chief for Grozny, Vitali Kutsenko, who was either thrown out of a window or fell trying to escape, and effectively dissolved the government of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. Between 1992 and 1994 and again from 1996 until 1999 Chechnya was ""de facto"" an independent state. All-National Congress of the Chechen People The All-National Congress of the Chechen People (NCChP) of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria came to power on 1 November 1991 under president Dzhokhar Dudayev, a former commander of the Soviet air force base in"
"one in its essence, and in fact he called for reprisal against quite innocent people...neither the Minister of Interior Affairs of Russia nor the deputies who are under his control expressed any reaction to all these. 2010 Chechen Parliament attack The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos. In 2010, a majority of the seats"
"three factions: United Russia (37 seats), a Just Russia with two seats, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation with two seats. Parliament of the Chechen Republic The Parliament of Chechnya () is the regional, unicameral legislature of the Chechen Republic in Russia. The modern Chechen parliament was established in 2003 after the Constitution of Chechnya was approved in a referendum. After the 1917 establishment of the USSR, the local parliament, the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast merged with Ingushetia, forming the Supreme Soviet of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The parliament met twice a year"
"the last time (Chechnya rose again at various times throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries). On 21 December 1917, Ingushetia, Chechnya, and Dagestan declared independence from Russia and formed a single state called the ""United Mountain Dwellers of the North Caucasus"" (also known as the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus) which was recognized by major world powers. The capital of the new state was moved to Temir-Khan-Shura. The first prime minister of the state was Tapa Chermoyev, a prominent Chechen statesman. The second prime minister was an Ingush statesman Vassan-Girey Dzhabagiev, who in 1917 also became the author"
"Chechen rebel field commanders Abu al-Walid and Shamil Basayev. Basayev claimed responsibility for the planning and execution of the attack, saying that he personally detonated the bomb by remote control. Some news reports called the attack an act of terrorism, which with 83 confirmed fatalities, would have been the deadliest terrorist attack in Chechnya. Others described the attackers as militants and rebels and not terrorists. 2002 Grozny truck bombing The Grozny truck bombing occurred on December 27, 2002, when three Chechen suicide bombers ran vehicles into the heavily guarded republic's government headquarters in the regional capital Grozny. The drivers of"
"the Pleistocene Park, a place for studies of global warming, pleistocene ecology, and permafrost. Chersky has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification ""Dfc""). Chersky (urban-type settlement) Chersky (; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Nizhnekolymsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the Kolyma River, east from Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 2,857. It was previously known as ""Nizhniye Kresty"" (until 1963). It was founded as Nizhniye Kresty () in 1931. In 1963, it was granted urban-type settlement status and renamed Chersky, after"
"Chuvashia The Chuvash Republic (, ""Chuvashskaya Respublika — Chuvashiya""; , ""Čăvaš Respubliki""), or Chuvashia ( ""Chuvashiya""; , ""Čăvaš Jen""), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619. The Chuvash Republic is located in the center of European Russia, in the heart of the Volga-Vyatka economic region, mostly to the west of the Volga River, in the Volga Upland. It borders with the Mari El Republic in the north, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in"