"Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial, is a BBC documentary film series consisting of three one-hour films that re-enact the Nuremberg War Trials of Albert Speer, Hermann Göring, and Rudolf Hess. They were broadcast on BBC Two in 2006 to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the trials. In 2015, American Heroes Channel aired the film under an alternate title, ""Nuremberg: Nazi Judgement Day"". Written by directors Nigel Paterson, Paul Bradshaw and Michael Wadding, the three films were produced and shown by the BBC to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the Nuremberg War Trials. Each film centred on"
"war. Dönitz was found not guilty on count (1) of the indictment, but guilty on counts (2) and (3). Dönitz was, for nearly seven decades, the only head of state to be convicted by an international tribunal until the conviction of Liberia's Charles Taylor in April 2012. During the trial, Gustave Gilbert, an American Army psychologist, was allowed to examine the Nazi leaders who were tried at Nuremberg for war crimes. Among other tests, a German version of the Wechsler-Bellevue IQ test was administered. Dönitz and Hermann Göring scored 138 which made them equally the third-highest among the Nazi leaders"
"Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As ""the Nazi who said sorry"", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime, while insisting he had been ignorant of the Holocaust. Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1931, launching himself on a political and governmental career which lasted"
"didn't know anything about [the Holocaust]. Just look at the ""Führer""s friend, he didn't know about it either. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; March 19, 1905 – September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As ""the Nazi who said sorry"", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime, while insisting"
"at Ostfriedhof (Munich) and the ashes were scattered in the river Isar. Throughout the trial, it was agreed that Rosenberg had a decisive role in shaping Nazi philosophy and ideology. Examples include: his book ""Myth of the Twentieth Century"", which was published in 1930, where he incited hatred against ""Liberal Imperialism"" and ""Bolshevik Marxism""; furthering the influence of the ""Lebensraum"" idea in Germany during the war; facilitating the persecution of Christian churches and the Jews in particular; and opposition to the Versailles Treaty. According to Joseph Kingsbury-Smith, who covered the executions for the International News Service, Rosenberg was the only"
"Fritz Sauckel Ernst Friedrich Christoph ""Fritz"" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, Gauleiter of Thuringia and the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War. Sauckel was among the 24 persons accused in the Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was sentenced to death by hanging. He was born in Haßfurt (Kingdom of Bavaria), the only child of a postman and a seamstress. Sauckel was educated at"
"and crimes against humanity"". All defendants pleaded ""not guilty"". The highest-ranking officials of the Nazi judicial system could not be tried: Franz Gürtner, Minister of Justice died in 1941; Otto Georg Thierack, Minister of Justice since 1942, had committed suicide in 1946, and Roland Freisler, the President of the People's Court since 1942, was killed in a 1945 bombing raid on Berlin; Günther Vollmer, the Gauführer of Nazi Jurists had been killed in 1945. One who was alive but not tried was Hans Globke (died 1973). All convicts were found guilty on all charges brought before them, except Rothaug, who"
"Germany distorted the justice system. Katzenberger Trial The Katzenberger Trial was a notorious Nazi show trial. A Jewish businessman and leading member of the Nuremberg Jewish community, Lehmann (Leo) Katzenberger, was accused of having an affair with a young ""Aryan"" woman, and on 14 March 1942 was sentenced to death. The presiding judge at the trial, Oswald Rothaug, was later tried at the Nuremberg trials (see Judges' Trial) and sentenced to life imprisonment. The Katzenberger Trial later formed the basis of a subplot in the 1961 film ""Judgment at Nuremberg"". Together with his two brothers, Leo Katzenberger (born 28 November"
"Katzenberger Trial The Katzenberger Trial was a notorious Nazi show trial. A Jewish businessman and leading member of the Nuremberg Jewish community, Lehmann (Leo) Katzenberger, was accused of having an affair with a young ""Aryan"" woman, and on 14 March 1942 was sentenced to death. The presiding judge at the trial, Oswald Rothaug, was later tried at the Nuremberg trials (see Judges' Trial) and sentenced to life imprisonment. The Katzenberger Trial later formed the basis of a subplot in the 1961 film ""Judgment at Nuremberg"". Together with his two brothers, Leo Katzenberger (born 28 November 1873 in Maßbach near Bad"
"national conservatives did not intend to restore civil rights to the Jews after the planned overthrow of Hitler. The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the Allied forces after World War II in Nuremberg, Germany, to prosecute prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of Nazi Germany. The first of these trials was the 1945–1946 trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT). This tribunal tried 22 political and military leaders of the Third Reich, except for Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels, all of whom had committed suicide"
"former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt and nobel laureates like German writer Günter Grass. Herwig was the only journalist to get an interview with former SS-Captain Erich Priebke, which he conducted in Priebke's flat in Rome shortly before the latter's death on 11 October 2013. Referring to Hannah Arendt’s famous phrase about the Nazis when she covered the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel, the New York Times quoted Herwig as saying he wanted to use “the last chance to investigate that supposed banality of evil with a living person.”. Sensationally, the 100-year-old Priebke told Herwig he had renounced national socialism"
"one of 24 defendants at the Einsatzgruppen Trial. On 29 July 1947, he received the indictment along with his co-defendants: (1) crimes against humanity, (2) war crimes, and (3) membership in a criminal organization. Two days later, before the arraignment, Haussmann committed suicide in his cell and was removed from the process. Thus, he was the only defendant at the Einsatzgruppen trial who escaped a sentence. Emil Haussmann Emil Haussmann (11 October 1910 – 31 July 1947 in Nuremberg) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He was part of ""Einsatzkommando"" 12 of Einsatzgruppe D, which perpetrated the"
"dubbed this command and control centre the ""Schirach-Bunker"". Schirach surrendered in 1945 and was one of the officials put on trial at Nuremberg. At the trial, Schirach was one of only few defendants to denounce Hitler (including Albert Speer and Hans Frank). He claimed that members of the Hitler Youth were innocent from any of the German war crimes: He said that he did not know about the extermination camps. He provided evidence that he had protested to Martin Bormann about the inhumane treatment of the Jews. Schirach claimed at the trials that the roots of his anti-semitism could be"
"obtained for Gisevius that enabled him to escape to Spain. Gisevius served as a key witness for the defence at the Nuremberg trials when he was called as a witness by defendants Hjalmar Schacht and Wilhelm Frick. His testimony was crucial in securing the acquittal of Schacht on all counts, but Frick was found guilty. His testimony was also particularly damaging to Hermann Göring, Wilhelm Keitel and Ernst Kaltenbrunner, who were all convicted. His autobiography, ""Bis zum bitteren Ende"" (""To the Bitter End""), published by Wasmuth in 1946, offered a sharp indictment of the Nazi regime, many of whose leading"
"nevertheless proved that some of the charges made against him were untrue, such as the charge that he had helped Hitler gain control of Germany in 1933. Jodl pleaded not guilty ""before God, before history and my people"". Found guilty on all four charges, he was hanged at Nuremberg Prison on 16 October 1946. Jodl's last words were reportedly ""Ich grüße Dich, mein ewiges Deutschland""—""I greet you, my eternal Germany."" His remains, like those of the other nine executed men and Hermann Göring (who had committed suicide prior to his scheduled execution), were cremated at Ostfriedhof and the ashes were"
"pleasure. It is a joy for me."" Found guilty, he was the only defendant in the Dora Trial sentenced to death. Following appeals, Möser was executed by hanging at Landsberg Prison on November 26, 1948. Hans Möser Hans Moeser (April 7, 1906 – November 26, 1948) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era who served at the Neuengamme, Auschwitz and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps. He was captured at the end of the war and tried by the United States Military Government Court. The only one among 19 defendants at the Dora Trial sentenced to death, Möser was executed at"
"were arrested. Göring demanded that the detainees should be shot, but Rudolf Diels, head of the Prussian political police, ignored the order. Some researchers, including William L. Shirer and Alan Bullock, are of the opinion that the NSDAP itself was responsible for starting the fire. At the Nuremberg trials, General Franz Halder testified that Göring admitted responsibility for starting the fire. He said that, at a luncheon held on Hitler's birthday in 1942, Göring said, ""The only one who really knows about the Reichstag is I, because I set it on fire!"" In his own Nuremberg testimony, Göring denied this"
"and Wilhelm Sternfeld. Ottwalt's book, ""Deutschland erwache!"" was one of the earliest analyses of the rise of Nazism. Ernst Ottwalt Ernst Ottwalt (13 November 1901 – 24 August 1943) was the pen name of German writer and playwright Ernst Gottwalt Nicolas. A communist, he fled Nazi Germany in 1934 and went into exile in the Soviet Union, where he fell victim to the Great Purge and died in a Soviet gulag. Later, when the Allies of World War II prosecuted Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials, the chief prosecutor from the Soviet Union quoted from an anti-Nazi book by"
"death. She appealed the conviction, but in September 1947 the Special Court of Appeals confirmed her punishment. Her request for a royal pardon was also rejected. On 14 January 1948 she was executed by firing squad at Fort Bijlmer in the Weesperkarspel municipality (now the Bijlmermeer district of the city of Amsterdam). The night before her execution she was baptized and joined the Roman Catholic Church. Ans van Dijk Anna ""Ans"" van Dijk (Amsterdam, December 24, 1905 – Weesperkarspel, January 14, 1948) was a Dutch-Jewish collaborator who betrayed Jews to Nazi Germany during World War II. She was the only"
"John J. Parker John Johnston Parker (November 20, 1885 – March 17, 1958) was a U.S. judge who failed confirmation to the Supreme Court by one vote. He was also the U.S. alternate judge at the Nuremberg trials of accused Nazi war criminals and later served on the United Nations' International Law Commission. John J. Parker was born in Monroe, North Carolina, the son of John Daniel and Frances Johnston Parker and older brother of Samuel I. Parker, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his service in World War I. He received the Bachelor of Arts degree from"
"was strictly forbidden. However, the guidelines from Weimar were negated by Adolf Hitler. By 1942, the Nazi party included more than 38,000 German physicians, who helped carry out medical programs such as the Sterilization Law. After World War II, a series of trials were held to hold members of the Nazi party responsible for a multitude of war crimes. The trials were approved by President Harry Truman in January 1946 and were led exclusively by the United States. They began on December 9, 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany, in what became known as the Nuremberg trials. In one of the trials,"
"find ""the consolidation of their existence and thereby of their Germanism."" His claims were rejected however and he was sentenced under recently passed genocide legislation. Ulrich Greifelt Ulrich Heinrich Emil Richard Greifelt (8 December 1896 in Berlin – 6 February 1949 in Landsberg Prison) was a German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. He was convicted at the RuSHA trial at Nuremberg, sentenced to life imprisonment, and died in Landsberg Prison. Greifelt was born in Berlin in 1896, the son of a pharmacist. He joined the German army in 1914 and fought in the First World War."
"and Chemistry. Mansfeld was one of the internationally famous ""capacities"" in these fields and he was meant to provide his knowledge to the Hygienics Institute for free. Hans Münch Hans Wilhelm Münch (14 May 1911 – 2001) was a German Nazi Party member who worked as an SS physician during World War II at the Auschwitz concentration camp from 1943 to 1945 in German occupied Poland. Münch was nicknamed ""The Good Man of Auschwitz"" for his refusal to assist in the mass murders there. He developed many elaborate ruses to keep inmates alive. He was the only person acquitted of"
"shoulder as he fell. He was the only first-tier Nazi leader to die during the Putsch. Of all the early party members who died in the Putsch, Hitler claimed Scheubner-Richter to be the only ""irreplaceable loss"". The first part of Hitler's book ""Mein Kampf"" is dedicated to Scheubner-Richter and the other fifteen men who died in the Putsch. Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter or Max Scheubner-Richter, born Ludwig Maximilian Erwin Richter (21 January 1884 – 9 November 1923) was a Russian-born German officer and activist who was an early member of the Nazi Party. Along with"
"1944 about this eventuality, he took poison the same day. He was interred in Adelby Cemetery near Flensburg. His son Ludwig von Friedeburg (1924–2010) was a well-known sociologist and politician (SPD) and served between 1969 and 1974 as minister for culture in the state of Hesse. Hans-Georg von Friedeburg Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. He was the only representative of the armed forces to be present at the signing of the German instruments of"
"attempt carried out by Fabian von Schlabrendorff failed. After the failure of the assassination attempt and putsch (20 July plot), Claus von Stauffenberg and thousands of other accused plotters, including Canaris, were executed. Due to his service at the front, Lahousen escaped notice. On 19 July 1944 Lahousen was heavily wounded by an artillery hit. After the end of the war, Lahousen voluntarily testified against Hermann Göring and 21 other defendants at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in 1945–1946. Lahousen was the first witness for the prosecution, his prominence due to being the sole survivor of the 'Abwehr resistance'. Among"
"Instrument of Surrender was signed that brought the Second World War in Europe to an end. The location is presently inaccessible to the general public as it lies within a military out-of-bounds area. Only a small monument on a nearby track alludes to the event. On 23 May 1945 Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler took his own life in Lüneburg whilst in British Army custody by biting into a potassium cyanide capsule embedded in his teeth before he could be properly interrogated. He was subsequently buried in an unmarked location in a nearby forest. Even before the Nuremberg Trials took place,"
"in March 1945 due to the Nazi shortage of doctors. Hoven was arrested at the end of World War II by the Allies and put on trial as a defendant at the Doctors' Trial (a part of the larger Nuremberg Trials). He was found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity and membership in a criminal organization. He was sentenced to death and hanged on June 2, 1948, at Landsberg prison in Bavaria. Waldemar Hoven Waldemar Hoven (February 10, 1903 – June 2, 1948) was a Nazi and a physician at Buchenwald concentration camp. Hoven was born in Freiburg, Baden,"
"transferred to these concentration camps. After World War II the prison fell in the British Sector of what became West Berlin but it was operated by the Four-Power Authorities to house the Nazi war criminals sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials. Only seven prisoners were finally imprisoned there. Arriving from Nuremberg on 18 July 1947, they were: Of the seven, three were released after serving their full sentences, while three others (including Raeder and Funk, who were given life sentences) were released earlier due to ill health. Between 1966 and 1987, Rudolf Hess was the only inmate in the"
"important captured leaders of Nazi Germany, though several key architects of the war (such as Adolf Hitler, Heinrich Himmler, and Joseph Goebbels) had committed suicide before the trials began. Nuremberg Trials bibliography The following is a bibliography of works devoted to the Nuremberg Trials. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany, in 1945–46, at the Palace of"
"Margarete Buber-Neumann Margarete Buber-Neumann (1901–1989), a German communist, wrote the memoir ""Under Two Dictators"" about her imprisonment in concentration camps during World War II in both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany and testified in the so-called ""trial of the century"" about the Kravchenko Affair in France. Margarete Thüring was born on October 21, 1901, in Potsdam, Germany. Her father Heinrich Thüring (1866–1942) was a brewer; her mother was Else Merten (1871–1960). She had four siblings: Lisette (known as ""Babette""), Gertrud (""Trude""), and two brothers. In 1919, Buber-Neumann enrolled at Petalozzi-Fröbel Haus in Berlin to learn to teach kindergarten. In"
"based on Gustave Gilbert (see the interview with the author in the Austrian paper ""Der Falter"" of 15. 8. 2007). In the book, Abe Fields sits in on the trials as psychologist and speaks to the defendants. Gustave Gilbert Gustave Mark Gilbert (September 30, 1911 – February 6, 1977) was an American psychologist best known for his writings containing observations of high-ranking Nazi leaders during the Nuremberg trials. His 1950 book ""The Psychology of Dictatorship"" was an attempt to profile the Nazi German dictator Adolf Hitler using as reference the testimonials of Hitler's closest generals and commanders. Gilbert's published work"
"Erna Dorn Erna Dorn (17 July 1911 – 1 August 1953) was a victim of the in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). She is believed to be the only female to have been sentenced and executed in the aftermath of the East German uprising of 1953. According to records she claimed to have worked in the political department at Ravensbrück concentration camp and to have been responsible for the deaths of between eighty and ninety inmates. She was sentenced to death on 22 June 1953 by the at Halle, found guilty of against the German Democratic Republic: she was"