"is common in India, where Pfizer's patent claim does not apply. Trade names include Kamagra (Ajanta Pharma), Silagra (Cipla), Edegra (Sun Pharmaceutical), Penegra (Zydus Cadila), Manly (Cooper Pharma) and Zenegra (Alkem Laboratories). Manufacture and sale of sildenafil citrate drugs is common in China, where Pfizer's patent claim is not widely enforced. Sildenafil was reclassified in New Zealand in 2014 so it could be bought over the counter from a pharmacist. It is thought that this reduced sales over the Internet and was safer as men could be referred for medical advice if appropriate. Egypt approved Viagra for sale in 2002,"
"Citalopram Citalopram (brand names: Celexa, Cipramil and others) is an antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval to treat major depression, which it received in 1998, and is prescribed off-label for other conditions. In Australia, the UK, Germany, Portugal, Poland, and most European countries, it is licensed for depressive episodes and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. In Spain and Denmark it is also used for obsessive–compulsive disorder. In the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ranking of 10 antidepressants for efficacy and cost-effectiveness citalopram is fifth in"
"support the name 'mutaprodenafil', they prefer to use 'nitrosoprodenafil' instead. Nitrosoprodenafil Nitrosoprodenafil is a synthetic designer drug found in ""herbal"" aphrodisiac products, which is a novel nitrosated analogue of sildenafil (Viagra). It has an innovative structure which acts as a prodrug, breaking down in the body to release both the PDE inhibitor aildenafil as well as free nitric oxide, which have powerfully synergistic effects. This dual mechanism of action has never been exploited by conventional pharmaceutical companies because of the risks involved; usually combining PDE inhibitors with nitric oxide releasers like amyl nitrite is contraindicated as it can cause a"
"was replaced as CEO and chairman by Paul Clark, a former executive at Abbott Laboratories. A former Icos manager named short-sighted leadership by Clark as a factor in the failure of the company to develop any other successful drugs apart from Cialis. Sold as Cialis and initially codenamed IC351, tadalafil is a drug prescribed for erectile dysfunction (ED) and approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, similar in function to sildenafil. In addition to ED and PAH, tadalafil has undergone clinical trials for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and for female sexual"
"Silodosin Silodosin (trade names Rapaflo (USA), Silodyx (Europe and South Africa), Rapilif (India), Silodal (India), Sildoo(India) Urief (Japan), Thrupas (South Korea), Urorec (Russia) is a medication for the symptomatic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. It acts as an α-adrenoceptor antagonist with high uroselectivity (selectivity for the prostate). Silodosin received its first marketing approval in Japan in May 2006 under the tradename Urief, which is jointly marketed by Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Daiichi Sankyo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Kissei licensed the US, Canadian, and Mexican rights for silodosin to Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2004. FDA approved silodosin on October 9, 2008."
"Da Yue, Xing Yuan Jia, XSM, Xue Fei, Yi Fei, Yi Shu Chang, Yibang, Zhengshu, Zhi Min, Zifar, Zoratadine, and Zylohist. As of 2017, in a combination drug with pseudoephedrine, it was available under the brands: Airet, Alavert D-12, Aldisa SR, Alerfast D, Alergical LP, Alergin Plus Ariston, Alerpriv D, Alledryl-D, Allerpid, Aseptobron Descongestivo, Bai Wei Qing, Benadryl 24 D, Ciprocort D, Claridex, Claridon, Clarinase, Clarinase Repetab, Claritine Active, Claritin Allergy + Sinus, Clarityne, Clarityne D, Clarityne-D, Clear-Atadine, Coderin, Cronase, De-Cold, Decidex Plus, Decongess I, Defonase, Demazin NS, Dimegan-D, Effectine D, Ephedrol, Fedyclar, Finska-LP, Frenaler-D, Hui Fei Shun, Ke Shuai,"
"Escitalopram Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Cipralex and Lexapro among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Escitalopram is mainly used to treat major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include trouble sleeping, nausea, sexual problems, and feeling tired. More serious side effects may include suicide in people under the age of 25. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. Escitalopram is the (""S"")-stereoisomer of the earlier medication citalopram, hence the name ""es""citalopram. Escitalopram was approved for medical use in the United"
"Glutaraldehyde Glutaraldehyde, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant and medication. As a disinfectant it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas. As a medication it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet. It is applied as a liquid. Side effects include skin irritation. If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur. Protective equipment is recommended when used. Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores. It works by a number of mechanisms. Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s. It"
"Homosildenafil Homosildenafil (also known as methyl-sildenafil) is a synthetic drug which acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is an analog of sildenafil and vardenafil. Homosildenafil was first identified as an adulterant in sex enhancement products in 2003 and was more recently detected in dietary supplements. Homosildenafil has 35% the PDE5 inhibition activity of sildenafil itself with similar selectivity. Sildenafil is mainly metabolized by the microsomal isozymes CYP3A4 with secondary metabolism by CYP2C9. The major active metabolite is ""N""-desmethylsildenafil. The plasma level of the equivalent homosildenafil metabolite reaches 40% of sildenafil's bioavailability. The ""N""-desmethyl metabolite is further metabolized, with a half-life"
"Tadalafil Tadalafil (INN) is a PDE5 inhibitor marketed in pill form for treating erectile dysfunction (ED) under the names Cialis , Adcirca , and Tadacip for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In October 2011 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Cialis for treating the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as a combination of BPH and erectile dysfunction when the conditions coincide. It initially was developed by the biotechnology company ICOS, and then again developed and marketed worldwide by Lilly ICOS, LLC, the joint venture of ICOS Corporation and Eli Lilly and Company."
"is widely available outside of the United States. The most common trade name for tiapride is Tiapridal, which is used throughout Europe, Russia, as well as parts of South America, the Middle East, and North Africa. It is also sold under different names in Italy (Italprid, Sereprile), Japan (Tialaread, Tiaryl, Tiaprim, Tiaprizal), Chile (Sereprid), Germany (Tiaprid, Tiapridex), and China (Tiapride). Tiapride Tiapride is a drug that selectively blocks D and D dopamine receptors in the brain. It is used to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including dyskinesia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, negative symptoms of psychosis, and agitation and"
"in the United States. ""Nilutamide"" is the generic name of the drug and its , , , and . Nilutamide is marketed under the brand name Nilandron in the United States and under the brand name Anandron elsewhere in the world such as in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Latin America. Nilutamide is or has been available in the United States, Canada, Australia, Europe, Latin America, Egypt, and Lebanon. In Europe, it is or has been available in Belgium, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia. in Latin America, it is or"
"(Levitra), and tadalafil (Cialis) all work by inhibiting PDE5, tadalafil's pharmacologic distinction is its longer half-life (17.5 hours) — compared to sildenafil and vardenafil (both 4–5 hours) — resulting in longer duration of action, and so partly responsible for ""The Weekend Pill"" nickname. Furthermore, the longer half-life is the basis for current investigation of tadalafil's daily therapeutic use in relieving pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sildenafil is approved in several world regions as a thrice-daily therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Penile erection during sexual stimulation is caused by increased penile blood flow resulting from the relaxation of penile arteries and the smooth"
"from its discovery at the University of Wisconsin, incorporating the acronym for the organization that funded the key research, ""WARF"" for the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and the ending ""-arin"", indicating its link with coumarin. The drug is marketed under many brand and generic names including Aldocumar, Anasmol, Anticoag, Befarin, Cavamed, Cicoxil, Circuvit, Cofarin, Coumadin, Coumadine, Cumar, Farin, Foley, Haemofarin, Jantoven, Kovar, Lawarin, Maforan, Marevan, Marfarin, Marivanil, Martefarin, Morfarin, Orfarin, Panwarfin, Scheme, Simarc, Varfarin, Varfarins, Varfine, Waran, Warcok, Warf, Warfareks, Warfarin, Warfarina, Warfarine, Warfarinum, Warfen, Warfin, Warik, Warin, Warlin, and Zyfarin. Bleeding risk calculators Warfarin Warfarin, sold under the brand"
"""cyproteronacetat"" in German, ""cyproteronacetaat"" in Dutch, and ""ciproteron acetat"" in Slavic. CPA is also known by the developmental code names ""SH-80714"" and ""SH-714"", while unacetylated cyproterone is known by the developmental code names ""SH-80881"" and ""SH-881"". CPA is marketed under brand names including Androcur, Androcur Depot, Androcur-100, Androstat, Asoteron, Cyprone, Cyproplex, Cyprostat, Cysaxal, Imvel, and Siterone. When CPA is formulated in combination with ethinylestradiol, it is also known as ""co-cyprindiol"", and brand names for this formulation include Andro-Diane, Bella HEXAL 35, Chloe, Cypretil, Cypretyl, Cyproderm, Diane, Diane Mite, Diane-35, Dianette, Dixi 35, Drina, Elleacnelle, Estelle, Estelle-35, Ginette, Linface, Minerva, Vreya,"
"(Levitra) are clinically indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil and tadalafil are also indicated for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil, the prototypical PDE5 inhibitor, was originally discovered during the search of a novel treatment for angina. Studies in 2002 explored its potential for increasing neurogenesis after stroke. PDE5 inhibitors are contraindicated in those taking nitrate medications, such as isosorbide mononitrate or isosorbide dinitrate. Concurrent use of these medications can lead to life-threatening low blood pressure or heart attack. They are also contraindicated in men for whom sexual intercourse is inadvisable due to cardiovascular risk factors. The occurrence"
"Zalcitabine Zalcitabine (2′-3′-dideoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. Zalcitabine was the third antiretroviral to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used as part of a combination regimen. Zalcitabine appears less potent than some other nucleoside RTIs, has an inconvenient three-times daily frequency and is associated with serious adverse events. For these reasons it is now rarely used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has even been removed from pharmacies entirely in some countries. Zalcitabine was"
"Zalcitabine Zalcitabine (2′-3′-dideoxycytidine, ddC), also called dideoxycytidine, is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) sold under the trade name Hivid. Zalcitabine was the third antiretroviral to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used as part of a combination regimen. Zalcitabine appears less potent than some other nucleoside RTIs, has an inconvenient three-times daily frequency and is associated with serious adverse events. For these reasons it is now rarely used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has even been removed from pharmacies entirely in some countries. Zalcitabine was"
"under the brand names Anclog Plus, Antiban-ASP, Asclop, Asogrel-A, Aspin-Plus, Cargrel-A, Clas, Clasprin, Clavixin Duo, Clodrel Forte, Clodrel Plus, Clofre AS, Clognil Plus, Clontas, Clopid-AS, Clopid-AS, Clopida A, Clopil-A, Clopirad-A, Clopirin, Clopitab-A, Clorel-A, Clouds, Coplavix, Coplavix, Combiplat, Cugrel-A, Dorel Plus, DuoCover, DuoCover, DuoPlavin, DuoPlavin, Ecosprin Plus, Grelet-A, Lopirel Plus, Myogrel-AP, Noclog Plus, Noklot Plus, Norplat-S, Odrel Plus, Pidogul A, Pladex-A, Plagerine-A, Plagrin Plus, Replet Plus Plavix Plus, Stromix-A, and Thrombosprin. Clopidogrel has also been shown to be effective at decreasing platelet aggregation in cats, so its use in prevention of feline aortic thromboembolism has been advocated. Clopidogrel Clopidogrel, sold as"
"or . It has also been referred to as ""testosterone cipionate"", as well as ""testosterone cyclopentylpropionate"" or ""testosterone cyclopentanepropionate"". Testosterone cypionate is or has been marketed under a variety of brand names including Andro Cyp, Andronaq LA, Andronate, Dep Andro, Dep Test, Deposteron, Depostomead, Depotest, Depo-Testosterone, Depovirin, Durandro, Duratest, Jectatest, Malogen CYP, Pertestis, Testa-C, Testadiate Depo, Testex Elmu Prolongatum, Testoject LA, and Virilon. Testosterone cypionate is marketed in the United States. It is not widely available outside of the United States, though it has been marketed in Canada, Australia, Spain, Brazil, and South Africa. Testosterone cypionate, along with other AAS,"
"acetate salt (nafarelin acetate) forms. Nafarelin was introduced for medical use in 1990. ""Nafarelin"" is the generic name of the drug and its and , while ""nafaréline"" is its and ""nafarelin acetate"" is its , , and . It is also known by its former developmental code name ""RS-94991"" or ""RS-94991-298"". The major brand names of nafarelin are Synarel and Synarela. It has also been marketed under a number of other brand names including Synrelin, Synrelina, Nafarelil 0.2%, and Nasanyl 0.2%. Nafarelin is available widely throughout the world, including in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, other European"
"Cidofovir Cidofovir (brand name Vistide) is an injectable antiviral medication primarily used as a treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (an infection of the retina of the eye) in people with AIDS. Cidofovir was approved for medical use in 1996. Its only indication that has received regulatory approval worldwide is cytomegalovirus retinitis. Cidofovir has also shown efficacy in the treatment of aciclovir-resistant HSV infections. Cidofovir has also been investigated as a treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with successful case reports of its use. Despite this, the drug failed to demonstrate any efficacy in controlled studies. Cidofovir might have anti-smallpox efficacy and"
"Sitagliptin Sitagliptin (INN; , previously identified as MK-0431 and marketed as the phosphate salt under the trade name Januvia) is an oral antihyperglycemic (antidiabetic drug) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. It was developed, and is marketed, by Merck & Co. This enzyme-inhibiting drug is used either alone or in combination with other oral antihyperglycemic agents (such as metformin or a thiazolidinedione) for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Adverse effects from sitagliptin are similar to placebo, except for rare nausea, common cold-like symptoms, and photosensitivity. It does not increase the risk of diarrhea. No significant difference exists in"
"Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid gel that is used to treat constipation. The main active ingredients are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (0.90% w/v), sodium citrate (9.0% w/v) and glycerol. The main use is for treatment of constipation. In surgery it is used for pre-operative evacuation of the bowel. In diagnostic testing it is used before x-ray examinations or physical examinations of the colon. It has no age limits in regards to children and can be used safely. If used in children"
"Forest Pharmaceuticals Inc., agreed to pay more than $313 million to settle the charges over Lexapro and two other drugs, Levothroid and Celexa. Escitalopram is sold under many brand names worldwide such as Cipralex and Lexapro. Escitalopram Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Cipralex and Lexapro among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Escitalopram is mainly used to treat major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include trouble sleeping, nausea, sexual problems, and feeling tired. More serious side effects may include suicide in people under the"
"Cyclofenil Cyclofenil (, , ) (brand names Fertodur, Menopax, Ondonid, Ondogyne, Sexovid, others) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used as a gonadotropin stimulant which is or has been marketed in Europe, South Korea, Mexico, and Brazil, among other countries. Cyclofenil was first introduced in 1970 under the brand name Ondogyne in France. Subsequently, it was introduced under the brand names Sexovid in Japan in 1972, Ondonvid in the United Kingdom in 1972, and Fertodur in West Germany in 1972 and Italy in 1974. It was also marketed as Sexovid in Sweden, Neoclym in Italy, and Klofenil in Turkey."
"""N, N""-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl group bind. As a result of this chirality, the molecule exists in (two) enantiomeric forms (mirror images). They are termed ""S""-(+)-citalopram and ""R""-(–)-citalopram. Citalopram is sold as a racemic mixture, consisting of 50% (""R"")-(−)-citalopram and 50% (""S"")-(+)-citalopram. Only the (""S"")-(+) enantiomer has the desired antidepressant effect. Lundbeck now markets the (""S"")-(+) enantiomer, the generic name of which is escitalopram. Whereas citalopram is supplied as the hydrobromide, escitalopram is sold as the oxalate salt (hydrooxalate). In both cases, the salt forms of the amine make these otherwise lipophilic compounds water-soluble. Citalopram is metabolized in the liver mostly by CYP2C19,"
"core markets. In 1998, ICOS Corporation and Eli Lilly and Company formed the Lilly ICOS, LLC, joint venture company to further develop and commercialize tadalafil as a treatment for ED. Two years later, Lilly ICOS, LLC, filed a new drug application with the FDA for compound IC351 (under the tadalafil generic name, and the Cialis brand name). In May 2002, Lilly ICOS reported to the American Urological Association that clinical trial testing demonstrated that tadalafil was effective for up to 36 hours, and one year later, the FDA approved tadalafil. One advantage Cialis has over Viagra and Levitra is its"
"Emtricitabine Emtricitabine (commonly called FTC, systematic name 2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine), with trade name Emtriva (formerly Coviracil), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Emtricitabine is also marketed in a fixed-dose combination with tenofovir disoproxil (Viread) under the brand name Truvada, and with tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy) under the brand name Descovy. A fixed-dose triple combination of emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz (Sustiva, marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on July 12, 2006 under the brand name Atripla. Emtricitabine makes up one fourth of the"
"to treat a teenager with severe narcolepsy. The judge criticised their “thoroughly bad decision” and “absurd” policy discriminating against the girl when hundreds of other NHS patients already receive the drug. Sodium oxybate is the common name for the chemical; it has no INN. As of April 2018 sodium oxybarate was sold under the following brands: Alcover (Italy), Gamma-OH (France), Natrii oxybutyras Kalceks (Latvia), Somsanit (Germany), Xyrem (many countries by Jazz and UCB). Sodium oxybate needs to be given during the night; as of 2017 research was ongoing to create formulations that would last through the night. Jazz has been"
"Milnacipran Milnacipran (trade names Ixel, Savella, Dalcipran, Toledomin) is a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used in the clinical treatment of fibromyalgia. It is not approved for the clinical treatment of major depressive disorder in the US, but it is in other countries. In a pooled analysis of 7 comparative trials with imipramine, milnacipran and imipramine were shown to have comparable efficacy while milnacipran was significantly better tolerated. A pooled analysis of studies comparing milnacipran and SSRIs concluded a superior efficacy for milnacipran with similar tolerability for milnacipran and SSRIs. A more recent meta-analysis of 6 studies involving more than 1,000"
"Nilutamide Nilutamide, sold under the brand names Nilandron and Anandron, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It has also been studied as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women and to treat acne and seborrhea in women. It is taken by mouth. Side effects in men include breast tenderness and enlargement, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and hot flashes. Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, alcohol intolerance, elevated liver enzymes, and lung disease can occur in both sexes. Rarely, nilutamide can cause respiratory failure and liver damage. These unfavorable side effects, along with a"
"Sucralpro, Sucralcoat, Pepsigard, Sucral, Hapifate, Sucralpro in India, Sutra or Musin in parts of South-East Asia, Sulcrate in Canada, Discral (sucralfato) in México, Ulsanic in South Africa and Israel, Andapsin in Sweden and Antepsin in Turkey. Sucralfate Sucralfate is a medication primarily taken to treat active duodenal ulcers. Sucralfate is also used for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stress ulcers. Sucralfate is a sucrose sulfate-aluminium complex that binds to the ulcer, creating a physical barrier that protects the gastrointestinal tract from stomach acid and prevents the degradation of mucus. It also promotes bicarbonate production and acts like"