"also. It has also been used to colour copper brown. Copper(II) chlorate Copper(II) chlorate is a chemical compound of the transition metal copper and the chlorate anion with basic formula Cu(ClO). Copper chlorate is an oxidiser. It commonly crystallizes with four molecules of water. Copper chlorate can be made by combining a hot one molar solution of copper sulfate, with barium chlorate, which results in the precipitation of barium sulfate. When the solution is filtered, cooled and evaporated under a vacuum blue crystals form. In 1902 A Meusser investigated solubility of copper chlorate. He found that it melted and started"
"green tints of the specific dyes. Copper sulfate was used in the past as an emetic. It is now considered too toxic for this use. It is still listed as an antidote in the World Health Organization's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is a white solid. It can be produced by dehydration of the normally available pentahydrate copper sulfate. In nature, it found as the very rare mineral known as chalcocyanite. The pentahydrate also occurs in nature as chalcanthite. Two other copper sulfates comprise the remaining of these rare minerals: bonattite (trihydrate) and boothite (heptahydrate). Copper sulfate"
"Copper(I) sulfate Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate and dicopper sulfate, is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuSO and a molar mass of 223.15 g mol. It is an unstable compound as copper(I) compounds are generally unstable and is more commonly found in the CuSO state. It is light green in color at room temperature and is water-soluble. Due to the low-stability of the compound there are currently not many applications to date. Anhydrous CuSO, can be synthesized at approximately around 75% purity by the action of dimethyl sulfate on CuO following the formula: The material is"
"and insecticides, growth stimulation in agriculture, soil sterilization, disinfection, preservatives, antiseptics, pharmaceuticals, disease prevention, mold protection, gas purification and coloring, textiles, public health and medicine, agriculture, and chemistry. Copper(I) sulfate Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate and dicopper sulfate, is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuSO and a molar mass of 223.15 g mol. It is an unstable compound as copper(I) compounds are generally unstable and is more commonly found in the CuSO state. It is light green in color at room temperature and is water-soluble. Due to the low-stability of the compound there are currently not"
"Copper (color) Copper is a reddish brown color that resembles the metal copper. The first recorded use of ""copper"" as a color name in English was in 1594. At right is displayed pale tone of copper that is called ""copper"" in Crayola crayons. This color was formulated by Crayola in 1903. At right is displayed the color copper red. The first recorded use of ""copper red"" as a color name in English was in 1590. The source of this color is: ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Copper Red (color sample #39) At right is displayed the color"
"In decoration, copper sulfate adds color to cement, metals and ceramic. Some batteries, electrodes and wire contain copper sulfate. It is used in printing ink and hair dye. Copper sulfate was once used to kill bromeliads, which serve as mosquito breeding sites. Copper sulfate is used as a molluscicide to treat bilharzia in tropical countries. Copper sulfate is used as an anti-fungal agent to protect seeds against fungus and to protect horse hooves from infection. It inhibits growth of bacteria such as ""Escherichia coli."" In electronics, copper sulphate solution is often used as the resistive element in Liquid resistors. In"
"Chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite ( ) is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has the chemical formula CuFeS. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green tinged black. On exposure to air, chalcopyrite oxidises to a variety of oxides, hydroxides and sulfates. Associated copper minerals include the sulfides bornite (CuFeS), chalcocite (CuS), covellite (CuS), digenite (CuS); carbonates such as malachite and azurite, and rarely oxides such as cuprite (CuO). Chalcopyrite is rarely found in association with native copper. Natural"
"Copper monosulfide Copper monosulfide is a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It occurs in nature as the dark indigo blue mineral covellite. It is a moderate conductor of electricity. A black colloidal precipitate of CuS is formed when hydrogen sulfide, HS, is bubbled through solutions of Cu(II) salts. It is one of a number of binary compounds of copper and sulfur (see copper sulfide for an overview of this subject), and has attracted interest because of its potential uses in catalysis and photovoltaics. Copper monosulfide can be prepared by passing hydrogen sulfide gas into a solution of copper(II) salt."
"exposure to chlorides leads to green, while sulfur compounds (such as ""liver of sulfur"") tend to brown. The basic palette for patinas on copper alloys includes chemicals like ammonium sulfide (blue-black), liver of sulfur (brown-black), cupric nitrate (blue-green) and ferric nitrate (yellow-brown). For artworks, patination is often deliberately accelerated by applying chemicals with heat. Colors range from matte sandstone yellow to deep blues, greens, whites, reds and various blacks. Some patina colors are achieved by the mixing of colors from the reaction with the metal surface with pigments added to the chemicals. Sometimes the surface is enhanced by waxing, oiling,"
"the oxide thickens, these colors are replaced by russet and chocolate browns, dull slate grays or blacks, and finally to a light-green or blue-green. Copper’s patination process is complex. It starts immediately on exposure to the environment with the initial formation of copper oxide conversion films that are noticeable within six months. Weathering may be uneven at first but the film becomes even after about nine months. Within the first few years, cuprous and cupric sulfide conversion films darken the surface to browns and then dull slate gray or dull black. Continued weathering transforms the sulfide films to sulfates, which"
"Copper Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement. Copper is one of the few metals that can occur in"
"sulfide, as these are usually the first signs of the issue. Under normal circumstances, copper corrosion leaves it a blue/green or dark red color, whereas corrosion as a result of hydrogen sulfide exposure leaves a black ash-like corrosion. Homeowners who have verified that their home contains contaminated Chinese drywall are advised to replace any suspect drywall, as well as any potentially damaged copper electrical wiring, fire alarm systems, copper piping, and gas piping. In the United States, most complaints have come from states in the Southeast, where a warm and humid climate seems to encourage the emissions. According to published"
"copper penny. ""Copper penny"" is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Silver Swirls, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 1990. At right is displayed the color copper rose. The first recorded use of ""copper rose"" as a color name in English was in 1928. Copper (color) Copper is a reddish brown color that resembles the metal copper. The first recorded use of ""copper"" as a color name in English was in 1594. At right is displayed pale tone of copper that is called ""copper"" in Crayola crayons. This color was"
"natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between the filled 3d and half-empty 4s atomic shells – the energy difference between these shells corresponds to orange light. As with other metals, if copper is put in contact with another metal, galvanic corrosion will occur. Copper does not react with water, but it does slowly react with atmospheric oxygen to form a layer of brown-black copper oxide which, unlike the rust that forms on iron in moist air,"
"2008, the artist Roger Hiorns filled an abandoned waterproofed council flat in London with 75,000 liters of copper sulfate solution. The solution was left to crystallize for several weeks before the flat was drained, leaving crystal-covered walls, floors and ceilings. The work is titled ""Seizure"". Since 2011, it has been on exhibition at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park. Copper sulfate is used to etch zinc or copper plates for intaglio printmaking. It is also used to etch designs into copper for jewelry, such as for Champlevé. Copper sulfate can be used as a mordant in vegetable dyeing. It often highlights the"
"pale to bright yellow. It is soluble in water, changing the water color to deep orange or orangish-red. In solution copiapite is very acidic. In high concentrations a negative pH can occur, as reported in waters draining from Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, California. Copiapite can easily be distinguished from native sulfur because it does not give off an odor when dissolved in water. It can be distinguished from similar appearing uranium minerals, such as carnotite, by its lack of radioactivity. The only way to differentiate between the minerals in the copiapite group is by X-ray diffraction. Copiapite was first"
"When subjected to ultraviolet light, copper phosphide shows fluorescence. A blue-black film of copper phosphide forms on white phosphorus when subjected to a solution of copper salt; wounds containing particles of phosphorus therefore have to be washed with 1% solution of copper sulfate. The particles then can be easily removed, which is helped by their fluorescence. Formation of protective layer of copper phosphide is also used in cases of phosphorus ingestion, when gastric lavage with copper sulfate is employed as part of the cure. Copper(I) phosphide Copper phosphide, , also copper(I) phosphide, cuprous phosphide, cuprophosphorus and phosphor copper, is a"
"same color schema. In 1965 Koltun patented an improved version of the Corey and Pauling modeling technique. In his patent he mentions the following colors: Typical CPK color assignments include: Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, common sulfur is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc. For some colors, such as those of oxygen and nitrogen,"
"Copper(I) sulfide Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical compound CuS. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from CuS to CuS. CuS can be prepared by heating copper strongly in sulfur vapour or HS. The reaction of copper powder in molten sulfur rapidly produces CuS, whereas pellets of copper require much higher temperature. CuS reacts with oxygen to form SO: In the production of copper two thirds of the molten copper sulfide is oxidised as above, and the CuO"
"copper(II) oxide powder. Characteristic of a carbonate, specimens effervesce upon treatment with hydrochloric acid. The optical properties (color, intensity) of minerals such as azurite and malachite are characteristic of copper(II). Many coordination complexes of copper(II) exhibit similar colors. As explained within the context of ligand field theory, the colors result from low energy d-d transitions associated with the d metal center. Azurite is unstable in open air compared to malachite, and often is pseudomorphically replaced by malachite. This weathering process involves the replacement of some of the carbon dioxide (CO) units with water (HO), changing the carbonate:hydroxide ratio of azurite"
"Chalcanthite Chalcanthite, whose name derives from the Greek, ""chalkos"" and ""anthos"", meaning copper flower, is a richly colored blue/green water-soluble sulfate mineral CuSO·5HO. It is commonly found in the late-stage oxidation zones of copper deposits. Due to its ready solubility, chalcanthite is more common in arid regions. Chalcanthite is a pentahydrate and the most common member of a group of similar hydrated sulfates, the chalcanthite group. These other sulfates are identical in chemical composition to chalcanthite, with the exception of replacement of the copper ion by either manganese as jokokuite, iron as siderotil, or magnesium as pentahydrite. Other names include"
"demonstrate the principle of mineral hydration. The pentahydrate form, which is blue, is heated, turning the copper sulfate into the anhydrous form which is white, while the water that was present in the pentahydrate form evaporates. When water is then added to the anhydrous compound, it turns back into the pentahydrate form, regaining its blue color, and is known as blue vitriol. Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate can easily be produced by crystallization from solution as copper(II) sulfate is quite hygroscopic. In an illustration of a ""single metal replacement reaction"", iron is submerged in a solution of copper sulfate. Iron reacts producing"
"the range 2.67 to 2.69, but Webmineral has 2.4 to 2.66. Chalcophyllite is soluble in acids and in ammonia. It is not fluorescent, nor radioactive. The water content varies at room temperature based on relative humidity. Chalcophyllite alters to chrysocolla, which is a copper-aluminium silicate with the formula (Cu,Al)HSiO(OH)·n(HO). Many copper minerals are blue or green in color; chalcophyllite is blue-green to emerald-green, with a pale green streak and vitreous to subadamantine luster, pearly on {0001}. Crystals are transparent to translucent. It is uniaxial (-) with refractive indices n = 1.618 to 1.632 and n = 1.552 to 1.575. Indices"
"Copper(I) phosphide Copper phosphide, , also copper(I) phosphide, cuprous phosphide, cuprophosphorus and phosphor copper, is a compound of copper and phosphorus, a phosphide of copper. It has the appearance of yellowish-grey very brittle mass of crystalline structure. It does not react with water. Copper phosphide has a role in copper alloys, namely in phosphor bronze. It is a very good deoxidizer of copper. Copper phosphide can be produced in a reverberatory furnace or in a crucible, e.g. by a reaction of red phosphorus with a copper-rich material. It can also be prepared photochemically, by irradiating cupric hypophosphite with ultraviolet radiation."
"Copper(II) arsenate Copper arsenate (Cu(AsO).4HO, or CuH(AsO).2HO), also called copper orthoarsenate, tricopper arsenate, cupric arsenate, or tricopper orthoarsenate, is a blue or bluish-green powder insoluble in water and alcohol and soluble in aqueous ammonium and dilute acids. Its CAS number is or . Copper arsenate is an insecticide used in agriculture. It is also used as a herbicide, fungicide, and a rodenticide. It is also used as a poison in slug baits. Copper arsenate can also be a misnomer for copper arsenite, especially when meant as a pigment. Anhydrous copper arsenate, Cu(AsO), is found in nature as the mineral lammerite."
"the palette of artists. Cobalt violet was used by Paul Signac (1863–1935), Claude Monet (1840–1926), and Georges Seurat (1859–1891). Today, cobalt ammonium phosphate, cobalt lithium phosphate, and cobalt phosphate are available for use by artists. Cobalt ammonium phosphate is the most reddish of the three. Cobalt phosphate is available in two varieties — a deep less saturated blueish type and a lighter and brighter somewhat more reddish type. Cobalt lithium phosphate is a saturated lighter-valued bluish violet. A color similar to cobalt ammonium phosphate, cobalt magnesium borate, was introduced in the later twentieth-century but was not deemed sufficiently lightfast for"
"Mercury(I) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfate, commonly called mercurous sulphate (UK) or mercurous sulfate (US) is the chemical compound HgSO. Mercury(I) sulfate is a metallic compound that is white, pale yellow or beige powder. It is a metallic salt of sulfuric acid formed by replacing both hydrogen atoms with mercury(I). It is highly toxic; it could be fatal if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by skin. The crystal structure of mercurous sulfate is made up of Hg dumbbells and SO anions as main building units. Hg dumbbell is surrounded by four Oxygen atoms with Hg₋O distance ranging from 2.23 to 2.93 Å, whereas"
"water ligands. The Cu(II)(HO) centers are interconnected by sulfate anions to form chains. Anhydrous copper sulfate is a white powder. Copper sulfate is produced industrially by treating copper metal with hot concentrated sulfuric acid or its oxides with dilute sulfuric acid. For laboratory use, copper sulfate is usually purchased. Copper sulfate can also be produced by slowly leaching low grade copper ore in air; bacteria may be used to hasten the process. Commercial copper sulfate is usually about 98% pure copper sulfate, and may contain traces of water. Anhydrous Copper sulfate is 39.81 percent copper and 60.19 percent sulfate by"
"identified to date are inter-grown with other fumarolic copper vanadates. The discovered location of these copper vanadates, in the outer sulfate zone of the fumarole, indicates a sublimation temperature between 100 °C and 200 °C. Blossite occurs as black anhedral crystals, with dimensions not exceeding 150 um. Crystals of blossite have only been isolated with other fumarolic copper vanadates or sulfates. Blossite demonstrates a red-brown streak, prevalent to the natural copper present, this red-brown coloring is also a prevalent in the internal reflections. No cleavage is observed in blossite, but the size of the natural mineral grains of polycrystalline prohibit"
"mature to an ebony or nut brown. In all environments except the coastal areas, patination takes longer for vertical surfaces due to more rapid water runoff. The copper patinas are very thin: just 0.05080–0.07620 millimeters in thickness. Yet, they are highly adherent to the underlying copper metal. The initial and intermediate oxide and sulfide patina films are not particularly corrosion resistant. The final sulfate patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to all forms of atmospheric corrosion and protects the underlying metal against further weathering. As patination progresses and the durable sulfate layer forms, the rate of"
"Notable examples include azurite, malachite, antlerite, and brochantite. Azurite (2CuCO·Cu(OH)) and malachite (CuCO·Cu(OH)) are hydroxy-carbonates, whereas antlerite (CuSO·2Cu(OH)) and brochantite (CuSO·3Cu(OH)) are hydroxy-sulfates. Many synthetic copper(II) hydroxide derivatives have been investigated. Copper(II) hydroxide Copper(II) hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH). It is a pale greenish blue or bluish green solid. Some forms of copper(II) hydroxide are sold as ""stabilized"" copper hydroxide, although they likely consist of a mixture of copper(II) carbonate and hydroxide. Copper hydroxide is a weak base. Copper(II) hydroxide has been known since copper smelting began around 5000 BC although the alchemists"
"centuries. In industry copper sulfate has multiple applications. In printing it is an additive to book binding pastes and glues to protect paper from insect bites; in building it is used as an additive to concrete to provide water resistance and disinfectant qualities. Copper sulfate can be used as a coloring ingredient in artworks, especially glasses and potteries. Copper sulfate is also used in firework manufacture as a blue coloring agent, but it is not safe to mix copper sulfate with chlorates when mixing firework powders. It corrects copper deficiencies in the soil and animals and stimulates farm animals' growth."
"the ingestion of copper sulfate. However, if copper sulfate is retained in the stomach, the symptoms can be severe. After 1–12 grams of copper sulfate are swallowed, such poisoning signs may occur as a metallic taste in the mouth, burning pain in the chest, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, discontinued urination, which leads to yellowing of the skin. In cases of copper sulfate poisoning, injury to the brain, stomach, liver, or kidneys may also occur. Copper sulfate is highly soluble in water and therefore is easily distributed in the aquatic environments. Too much copper in water damage marine and freshwater organisms"