"the moment before his death. It is said that this gesture was inspired by the poet André Chénier. Another painting depicting the event was done by the Italian artist Giambettino Cignaroli. Cignaroli's work shows Socrates already dead, surrounded by his anguished followers. Yet another depiction of Socrates' death was done by the French artist Jacques-Philippe-Joseph de Saint-Quentin. The work, currently housed at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France, dates to circa 1738. The Death of Socrates The Death of Socrates () is an oil on canvas painted by French painter Jacques-Louis David in 1787. The painting focuses"
"the morals and values that Socrates represents. There is some controversy as to the origins of the painting. Vidal states that ""the younger of two sons commissioned David's ""Death of Socrates"" in 1786"", but Bordes says that ""the drawing for Socrates…bears the unexpected date of 1782."" However, it is possible that the commission in 1786 was for a painting that David had already conceived as early as 1782, and Bordes does acknowledge that the date is an addition to the drawing. Regardless of when it was originally conceived, the painting was completed in 1787, in Paris. It was during David's"
"Georges Rouget Georges Rouget (1781 in Paris – 1869 in Paris) was a neoclassical French painter. After studying in the école des beaux-arts, Rouget entered David's studio in 1797 and rapidly became his favourite student. Rouget began his professional career as his master's main assistant until David's exile to Brussels, collaborating with him on the canvases ""Bonaparte at the Grand-Saint-Bernard"", ""The Coronation of Napoleon"" (of which he made a copy signed by David), ""Leonidas at Thermopylae"" and on one of the three copies of the ""Portrait of Pope Pius VII"". Though winning the second prize in the prix de Rome"
"death of Socrates, Brutus). The dignity and subject matter of his paintings were greatly inspired by Nicolas Poussin in the 17th century. The Louis XVI style of furniture (once again already present in the previous reign) tended toward circles and ovals in chair backs; chair legs were grooved; Greek inspired iconography was used as decoration. French neoclassicism would greatly contribute to the monumentalism of the French revolution, as typified in the structures La Madeleine church (begun in 1763 and finished in 1840) which is in the form of a Greek temple and the mammoth Panthéon (1764–1812) which today houses the"
"and other sculptural elements for the gardens of Versailles. François Barois François Barois (1656–1726) was a French sculptor. Barois was born and died in Paris. While residing at the French Academy in Rome he produced a copy of the Kallipygian Venus for King Louis XIV of France, working on it from 1683 to 1686. His ""Cleopatra Dying"" was his reception piece for the ""Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture"" in 1700; it is now in the Musée du Louvre. Three more of his works are also now at the Louvre: ""Spring"" and ""Authumn"" (therm figures) and ""Pomona"". Barois was"
"Édouard-Théophile Blanchard Édouard-Théophile Blanchard (18 November 1844–24 October 1879, Paris) was a French painter. He was a student of François-Édouard Picot and Alexandre Cabanel at the École des Beaux Arts. Blanchard won the Prix de Rome scholarship in 1868. His topics were landscapes with nudes similar to his teacher Cabanel. His works included ""The Death of Astyanax"" (1868) at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, Paris, ""Hylas Driven By the Nymbhs"" (1874) at the Musée des beaux-arts de Caen which would be destroyed in 1944 and ""Herodias"" (1874) at the Salon des artistes français (French Artist's Hall) as well as"
"in 1835, by Louis-Messidor Lebon Petitot, full ""professeur"" from 1845 to 1862. Information not otherwise noted comes from the Atlas database of the Louvre. Jean-Baptiste Roman Jean-Baptiste Roman (31 October 1792 – 13 February 1835) was a French sculptor. He was born and died in Paris. Among his works is a sculpture on the death of Cato the Younger, a theme that became popular along with revolutionary sentiment. It depicts Cato reading the ""Phaedo"" of Plato, on the death of Socrates, heroically nude as he contemplates his own death. The piece was commissioned in 1832 for the Louvre, but was"
"Théodore Géricault Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault (; 26 September 1791 – 26 January 1824) was an influential French painter and lithographer, whose best-known painting is ""The Raft of the Medusa"". Although he died young, he was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement. Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was educated in the tradition of English sporting art by Carle Vernet and classical figure composition by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, a rigorous classicist who disapproved of his student's impulsive temperament while recognizing his talent. Géricault soon left the classroom, choosing to study at the Louvre, where from 1810 to 1815 he copied"
"The Raft of the Medusa The Raft of the Medusa ( ) is an oil painting of 1818–19 by the French Romantic painter and lithographer Théodore Géricault (1791–1824). Completed when the artist was 27, the work has become an icon of French Romanticism. At 491 cm × 716 cm (16' 1"" × 23' 6""), it is an over-life-size painting that depicts a moment from the aftermath of the wreck of the French naval frigate ""Méduse"", which ran aground off the coast of today's Mauritania on 2 July 1816. On 5 July 1816, at least 147 people were set adrift on"
"""The Gods and the Mortals"" which was displayed at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts in Paris in 2004 Édouard-Théophile Blanchard Édouard-Théophile Blanchard (18 November 1844–24 October 1879, Paris) was a French painter. He was a student of François-Édouard Picot and Alexandre Cabanel at the École des Beaux Arts. Blanchard won the Prix de Rome scholarship in 1868. His topics were landscapes with nudes similar to his teacher Cabanel. His works included ""The Death of Astyanax"" (1868) at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, Paris, ""Hylas Driven By the Nymbhs"" (1874) at the Musée des beaux-arts de Caen which would"
"François Barois François Barois (1656–1726) was a French sculptor. Barois was born and died in Paris. While residing at the French Academy in Rome he produced a copy of the Kallipygian Venus for King Louis XIV of France, working on it from 1683 to 1686. His ""Cleopatra Dying"" was his reception piece for the ""Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture"" in 1700; it is now in the Musée du Louvre. Three more of his works are also now at the Louvre: ""Spring"" and ""Authumn"" (therm figures) and ""Pomona"". Barois was among the large team of sculptors delivering decorative vases"
"at the Academy, on 29 March 1788, with the painting ""Oedipus at Colonus"", a work of pure Neoclassicism. The choice of a blind hero was surely informed by David's 1780 ""Blind Belisarius"". Giroust's career was however brought to an end by the French Revolution. He didn't champion the new regime, and eventually retired to the countryside and hardly painted anymore. Giroust died in 1817. Jean-Antoine-Théodore Giroust Jean-Antoine-Théodore Giroust (; 1753–1817) was a French neoclassical painter. In 1770, at age seventeen, Giroust started studying painting in the studio of Joseph-Marie Vien, a pioneer of Neoclassicism. Among other students was Jacques-Louis David."
"to French history painters of the 18th and 19th centuries. Apparently on commission from Louis XVI, Ménageot painted ""The Death of Leonardo da Vinci in the arms of Francis I"" in 1781, setting it in a background of classical statuary. This painting, which was the triumph of the Salon of 1781, included a portrayal of the Borghese Gladiator (Ménageot probably having seen it at the Villa Borghese during his stay at the French Academy in Rome from 1769 to 1774), although this was an anachronism since Leonardo died in 1519, about ninety years before the statue was discovered. In 1818"
"tubercular infection, Géricault died in Paris in 1824 after a long period of suffering. His bronze figure reclines, brush in hand, on his tomb at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, above a low-relief panel of "" The Raft of the Medusa"". Théodore Géricault Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault (; 26 September 1791 – 26 January 1824) was an influential French painter and lithographer, whose best-known painting is ""The Raft of the Medusa"". Although he died young, he was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement. Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was educated in the tradition of English sporting art by"
"death of Socrates and Brutus. The dignity and subject matter of his paintings were greatly inspired by the works of Nicolas Poussin from the seventeenth century. Poussin and David were in turn major influences on Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. Other important neoclassical painters of the period are Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Joseph-Marie Vien. Neoclassicism also penetrated decorative arts and architecture. Architects like Ledoux and Boullée developed a radical style of neoclassical architecture based on simple and pure geometrical forms with a research of simetry and harmony, elaborating visionary projects like the complex of the Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans by Ledoux, a model"
"Cephalus and Procris, Jupiter, the guise of Diana, seduced Callisto, and Coresus Callirrhoe and another sketch, The Nymph lo and Jupiter), François Boucher, Jean-Francois de Troy, Noel Halle, Nicolas Lancret, Jean-Baptiste Pater, Jean-Baptiste Chardin with his masterful still lifes, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Hubert Robert, François-André Vincent, Jacques-Louis David and Joseph-Marie Vien. Among sculptures are the famous bust of Voltaire by Jean-Antoine Houdon. The first half of the nineteenth century is represented with works of Ingres, Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, Camille Corot, Ary Scheffer, Eugène Devéria, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes and others. Upstairs, a large room is dedicated to modern art of the twentieth"
"as a Macedonian Greek. Lewis' Neoclassical sculpture offers a post-mortem view of Cleopatra dressed in Egyptian regalia and sitting on her throne, which is decorated with two sphinx heads that represent the twins she bore with Mark Antony: Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. An 1880 , now found in Lille, France, was once thought to be a work by Albert Darcq, but restoration and cleaning of the sculpture revealed the signature of Charles Gauthier, to whom the work is now attributed. The 1874 painting ""Death of Cleopatra"" by Jean-André Rixens depicts a dead Cleopatra with very light skin, accompanied"
"The Death of Seneca (David) The Death of Seneca is a 1773 painting by Jacques-Louis David, now at the Petit Palais in Paris. It shows the suicide of Seneca the Younger. With its Boucher-like assembly of gesticulating figures, it was his third attempt to win the Prix de Rome, but lost to a painting on the same subject by Pierre Peyron. Peyron's had fewer details and a darker colour palette and was closer to the 'antique' - he was not only David's rival, but also initiated the new classicism which partly inspired David to produce his 1774 ""Erasistratus Discovering the"
"day. With virtuosity, knowledge of composition, hard work: the desire for perfection was his only concern. He took four years over ""The Eternal Epic"". Among his major works were: ""David victorious over Goliath"" - 1932; ""Christ at the Sepulchre"" - 1933 ""Ophelia"" - 1934 ""Into the Light"" - 1936; ""Phantom of Glory"" - 1938 (after a poem by Alphonse de Lamartine ). He was appointed professor at the National School of Fine Arts. Auguste Leroux Jules Marie Auguste Leroux (14 April 1871 - 26 March 1954) was a French painter and illustrator. His younger brother Georges Paul Leroux (3 August"
"Auguste Vinchon Jean Baptiste Auguste Vinchon (5 August 1789 – 1855) was a French painter. Jean-Baptiste-Auguste Vinchon was born in Paris on 5 August 1789. He became a painter of historical subjects, and a printer. Vinchon was a pupil of Gioacchino Giuseppe Serangeli in his Paris studio. He won the second Prix de Rome for painting in 1813 and the first Prix de Rome in 1814 for his painting of the ""Death of Diagoras"". During the First French Empire (1804–14) Vinchon and Nicolas Gosse painted a number of ""Scenes from Ancient Life"" in grey scale for the Louvre, based on"
"Cause of Antiochus' Disease"". The Death of Seneca (David) The Death of Seneca is a 1773 painting by Jacques-Louis David, now at the Petit Palais in Paris. It shows the suicide of Seneca the Younger. With its Boucher-like assembly of gesticulating figures, it was his third attempt to win the Prix de Rome, but lost to a painting on the same subject by Pierre Peyron. Peyron's had fewer details and a darker colour palette and was closer to the 'antique' - he was not only David's rival, but also initiated the new classicism which partly inspired David to produce his"
"the figures of Athena and Apollo with lyre on the Academy's flanking pillars, and the seated marble figures of Plato and Socrates, which were executed ""by the Italian sculptor Piccarelli"". (The eight smaller pediments in the Academy complex are the terra-cotta work of Austrian sculptor Franz Melnitzky.) Drosis died in Naples. Leonidas Drosis Leonidas Drosis (; died in 1882) was a Greek Neoclassical sculptor of the 19th century. Born in Nafplion, he later studied in Athens and Munich on a scholarship provided by Simon Sinas. Drosis's major work is the extensive neo-classical architectural ornament at the Academy of Athens, for"
"and was ruled ineligible to go. He was in Rome from 1780 to 1784 and was attracted to the works of Guercino and, especially, Caravaggio; making a meticulous copy of ""The Entombment of Christ"", which is now at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. In 1783, he was commissioned to paint the death of Sophonisba for Cardinal Bernis. After returning to Paris, he was admitted into the Académie royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1787 for his portrayal of Aeneas being healed, which resulted in a rush of commissions. In 1788, he produced a canvas on the death of"
"which may be seen at the Château de Menars. He died in Paris. Jean-Jacques Clérion Jean-Jacques Clérion (16 April 1637 – 28 April 1714) was a French sculptor who worked mainly for King Louis XIV. Clérion was born in either Aix-en-Provence or Trets. For much of his career he worked on the Chateau de Versailles, including many of the famous garden sculptures, such as the ""Apollo Fountain"". His admission piece to the Académie française, a 1689 bas relief of Saint James the Less, may be seen in the Louvre. He also produced a copy of the Kallipygian Venus for Louis"
"Charles Jalabert Charles François Jalabert (1819–1901) was a French painter in the academic style. He rapidly gained renown as an artist among Parisian high society in the second half of the 19th century and attended the salon of Madame Sabatier. Some of his works are now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nîmes. Jalabert was born in Nîmes. One of his most famous works was the oil on canvas painting called ""The Plague of Thebes"". The painting referred to the Athenian tragedy 'Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles. Thebes is ravaged by plague as a result of the corruption in the place"
"by force. In the following year, his ""Old Women in the Place Navone, Rome"" was purchased by the Musée du Luxembourg. In 1870, he painted a canvas of ""Le Dernier Jour de Corinthe"" (""Last Day of Corinth""), which depicted the last day before the Roman legions looted and burned the ancient Greek city, according to Livy. This painting was also purchased by the Musée du Luxembourg, it is on display at the Musée d'Orsay. In 1880, he painted a ceiling for the Luxembourg Palace in Paris, representing ""The Glorification of French Sculpture."" Robert-Fleury painted ""Pinel a la Salpêtrière"" (1876), which"
"Jupiter and Thetis Jupiter and Thetis is an 1811 painting by the French neoclassical painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, in the Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence, France. Painted when the artist was yet 31, the work severely and pointedly contrasts the grandeur and might of a cloud-born Olympian male deity against that of a diminutive and half nude nymph. Ingres' subject matter is borrowed from an episode in Homer's ""Iliad"" when the sea nymph Thetis begs Jupiter to intervene and guide the fate of her son Achilles; who was at the time embroiled in the Trojan War. The painting is steeped in"
"destroyed in World War II (1944). Jacques-Antoine Beaufort Jacques Antoine Beaufort (1721 in Paris – 1784 in Rueil), was an 18th-century academic French painter. Little is known of his early life but he had his first public exhibition at the Marseille Academy in 1756, where he taught drawing, and later at the Paris Salon (1767–83). He was accepted into the Academie Royale in 1766. His best known painting is the ""Oath of Brutus to avenge Lucretia"" (Salon 1771). Other works include ""Roman Charity"" (Salon 1777). ""The Death of Calamus in the Presence of Alexander"" (Salon 1779) which was in the"
"needed a hero to sacrifice himself for the greater good of his country, and the story of Leonidas and the Battle of Thermopylae inspired him. This was all taking place during the French Revolution where enemy soldiers were closing in on the French borders; these events are similar to how the Spartans felt during the Battle at Thermopylae, the core theme of David’s painting. When Napoleon Bonaparte saw the exhibit of David’s latest paintings in 1799, “he criticized the lack of action and the fixed poses of the warriors in ""The Sabine Women"".” This critique by one of David’s heroes"
"write a satirical play about the trial of Socrates. There were a number of paintings about his life including ""Socrates Tears Alcibiades from the Embrace of Sensual Pleasure"" by Jean-Baptiste Regnault and ""The Death of Socrates"" by Jacques-Louis David in the later 18th century. To this day, different versions of the Socratic method are still used in classroom and law school discourse to expose underlying issues in both subject and the speaker. He has been recognized with accolades ranging from frequent mentions in pop culture (such as the movie ""Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure"" and a Greek rock band called"
"fashion plates, pastoral scenes and religious images from him. He died in Paris. Claude Simpol Claude Simpol, ""Claude Saint-Pol"" or ""Claude Saint-Paul"" (c. 1666 - before 1711) was a French painter. Born in Clamecy, he studied under Boullogne and frère Luc. He was admitted to the Académie de Saint-Luc on 23 March 1695 and won several prizes (including the second prize in the 1687 prix de Rome for ""Noah's Flood"") at the Académie royale, to which he was admitted on 30 April 1701. Specialising in grisailles, he was listed on 2 March 1709 as still not having provided his academy"
"been seen again with a craving for violent experience."" Today, a bronze bas-relief of ""The Raft of the Medusa"" by Antoine Étex adorns Géricault's grave in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. The Raft of the Medusa The Raft of the Medusa ( ) is an oil painting of 1818–19 by the French Romantic painter and lithographer Théodore Géricault (1791–1824). Completed when the artist was 27, the work has become an icon of French Romanticism. At 491 cm × 716 cm (16' 1"" × 23' 6""), it is an over-life-size painting that depicts a moment from the aftermath of the wreck"
"Louis Tocque, Louis-Michel and Charles van Loo. He displayed religious paintings (""Saint Sebastien"", ""Last Judgment"", ""Ascension""), history paintings (""Lucretia and Brutus"", ""Death of Cleopatra"") and portraits (""Mignot, sculptor of the king"".) But his work for the Salon will earn him in 1763 violent criticism of Diderot after some praise on his ""Socrates on the Verge of Drinking Hemlock"" in 1761:""It looks like being painted a hundred years ago; but it is much older for the way than for the color. It looks like it's a copy after some ancient bas-relief. There reigns a simplicity, a tranquility, especially in the main"