"Class B, Class C and Class D, each with a specified wall thickness and outer diameter. It is noted that the outer diameter is identical between classes with the exception of sizes 12 to 27, where Classes A and B share one diameter and Classes C and D have another, larger diameter. BS 78 was finally superseded when the U.K. harmonised with incompatible European standards, however, the specified outer dimensions continue to remain in effect (albeit in metric form) as the standard pipe outer diameter for ductile iron pipe in Australia and New Zealand through the descendant specification, AS/NZS 2280."
"Sauter mean diameter In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD, ""d"" or ""D""[3, 2]) is an average of particle size. It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest. Several methods have been devised to obtain a good estimate of the SMD. SMD is typically defined in terms of the surface diameter, ""d"": and volume diameter, ""d"": where ""A"" and ""V"" are the surface area and volume of the particle, respectively. If ""d"" and ""d"""
"of a common bolt pattern is 5x100. This means there are 5 bolts evenly spaced about a 100mm bolt circle. The picture to the right is an example of a 5x100 bolt pattern on a Subaru BRZ. The wheel has 5 lug nuts and utilizes a 100mm bolt circle diameter. Some of the most common BCD values are 100mm (≈3.94 inches), 112mm (4.41 inches) and 114.3mm (4.5 inches). These are used widely in modern vehicles and it is safe to assume that your vehicle's wheels utilize one of these BCDs. Always check your owner's manual or call your local car"
"Many modern bicycles have removable chainrings, to allow for replacement when worn, or to change the gear ratio provided (although the change is limited). The holes on the spider arms used for attaching a chainring can have a variety of dimensions, referred to as the bolt circle diameter, commonly abbreviated as BCD. This measurement is sometimes referred to as pitch-circle diameter (PCD). Cranks designed to mount one or two chainrings will almost always use a single bolt circle diameter. Cranks designed to mount three chainrings will almost always use two different bolt circle diameters; the larger to mount the two"
"sized by reference to the inside diameters of the pipes . The inside diameters under IPS were roughly as we know them today under the Ductile Iron Pipe Standard (DIPS) and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Standards, and some of the wall thicknesses were also retained with a different designator. In 1948, the DIPS came into effect, when greater control of a pipe's wall thickness was possible. CTS diameter always specifies the outside diameter (OD) of a tube, where pipe diameter specifications only approximate the pipe inside diameter (ID) for sizes of 12 inch or less, and STD wall thickness. The"
"by manufacturer, purpose, or other factors. Standard drums have inside dimensions of diameter and height. These dimensions yield a volume of about 218,681 dm or , but they are commonly filled to about 200 litres. The outside dimensions of a 200-litre drum are typically diameter at the top or bottom rim, diameter at the chines (ridges around drum), and height. Exact dimensions are specified in ANSI MH2. The drums are typically made of steel with a ribbed outer wall to improve rigidity and for rolling. The lids can be welded or secured with a head gasket and bolt ring. Drums"
"important. Such areas include catalysis and applications in fuel combustion. Sauter mean diameter In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD, ""d"" or ""D""[3, 2]) is an average of particle size. It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest. Several methods have been devised to obtain a good estimate of the SMD. SMD is typically defined in terms of the surface diameter, ""d"": and volume diameter, ""d"": where ""A"" and ""V"" are the surface area"
"width. Conventions in terms of the diagonal measure are also commonly used. The DoF computed using these conventions will need to be adjusted if the original image is cropped before enlarging to the final image size, or if the size and viewing assumptions are altered. For full-frame 35 mm format (24 mm × 36 mm, 43 mm diagonal), a widely used CoC limit is ""d""/1500, or 0.029 mm for full-frame 35 mm format, which corresponds to resolving 5 lines per millimeter on a print of 30 cm diagonal. Values of 0.030 mm and 0.033 mm are also common for full-frame"
"Cubic centimetre A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that extends the derived SI-unit cubic metre, and corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of of a cubic metre, or of a litre, or one millilitre; thus, 1 cm ≡ 1 mL. The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is closely equal"
"Cubic centimetre A cubic centimetre (or cubic centimeter in US English) (SI unit symbol: cm; non-SI abbreviations: cc and ccm) is a commonly used unit of volume that extends the derived SI-unit cubic metre, and corresponds to the volume of a cube that measures 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. One cubic centimetre corresponds to a volume of of a cubic metre, or of a litre, or one millilitre; thus, 1 cm ≡ 1 mL. The mass of one cubic centimetre of water at 3.98 °C (the temperature at which it attains its maximum density) is closely equal"
"rectangular cross section 8.0 mm by 4.0 mm, 22.3 mm long and with a centre line 22.2 mm from the line/neutral pin centre line. The dimensions were originally specified in decimal inches with asymmetric tolerances and redefined as minimum and maximum metric dimensions in BS 1363:1984. Dimensions are chosen to provide safe clearance to live parts. The distance from any part of the and neutral pins to the periphery of the plug base must be not less than 9.5 mm. This ensures that nothing can be inserted alongside a pin when the plug is in use, and helps keep fingers"
"has been certified as a sustainable product by the Institute for Market Transformation to Sustainability. Ductile iron pipe is sized according to a dimensionless term known as the Pipe Size or Nominal Diameter (known by its French abbreviation, DN). This is roughly equivalent to the pipe's internal diameter in inches or millimeters. However, it is the external diameter of the pipe that is kept constant between changes in wall thickness, in order to maintain compatibility in joints and fittings. Consequently, the internal diameter varies, sometimes significantly, from its nominal size. Nominal pipe sizes vary from 3 inches up to 64"
"CD-ROMs are identical in appearance to audio CDs, and data are stored and retrieved in a very similar manner (only differing from audio CDs in the standards used to store the data). Discs are made from a 1.2 mm thick disc of polycarbonate plastic, with a thin layer of aluminium to make a reflective surface. The most common size of CD-ROM is 120 mm in diameter, though the smaller Mini CD standard with an 80 mm diameter, as well as shaped compact discs in numerous non-standard sizes and molds (e.g., business card-sized media), are also available. Data is stored on"
"hoses specifies nominal diameters for four different types of plastic hoses, including ""Type C"", which includes the typical garden hose. Each nominal diameter specifies different ID minimum and maximum values. Notice that the nominal size is a Renard Series. Nominal diameter, abbreviated DN, is the designation system specified by ISO 6708 for specifying the diameter of trade sizes of metric pipework components, and is the metric equivalent to Nominal Pipe Size. It is among several ISO specifications that formalize preferred numbers, and is referred to by numerous other international standards, including ISO 7598 and EN 10255. The complete set of"
"ones are usually stated in millimeters. The dimension given is the outside width of the fan, not the distance between mounting holes. Common sizes include 40 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm, 92 mm, 120 mm and 140 mm, although 8 mm, 17 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 38 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 70 mm, 250 mm and 360 mm sizes are also available. Heights are typically 10 mm, 25 mm or 38 mm, but this is usually not an important dimension as it does not affect mounting holes or apertures in the case. Typically, square"
"Centimetre A centimetre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; symbol cm) or centimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, ""centi"" being the SI prefix for a factor of . The centimetre was the base unit of length in the now deprecated centimetre–gram–second (CGS) system of units. Though for many physical quantities, SI prefixes for factors of 10—like ""milli-"" and ""kilo-""—are often preferred by technicians, the centimetre remains a practical unit of length for many everyday measurements. A centimetre is approximately the width"
"the Nominal Pipe Size. Pipe sizes are specified by a number of national and international standards, including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M and B36.19M in the US, BS 1600 and BS EN 10255 in the United Kingdom and Europe. There are two common methods for designating pipe outside diameter (OD). The North American method is called NPS (""Nominal Pipe Size"") and is based on inches (also frequently referred to as NB (""Nominal Bore"")). The European version is called DN (""Diametre Nominal"" / ""Nominal Diameter"") and is based on millimetres. Designating the outside diameter allows pipes of the same size to be"
"diameter is indicated as Dp in the figure shown above. There are several methods that are used to measure the pitch diameter. The most common method used in production is by way of a go/no go gauge. Unified Thread Standard The Unified Thread Standard (UTS) defines a standard thread form and series—along with allowances, tolerances, and designations—for screw threads commonly used in the United States and Canada. It is the main standard for bolts, nuts, and a wide variety of other threaded fasteners used in these countries. It has the same 60° profile as the ISO metric screw thread, but"
"the example part numbers given may have different connector barrel (sleeve) lengths, and are not necessarily exact equivalents. There are many more design variants than can be listed in this table, so only a small sampling of part numbers is given. Connector size is often listed in the format OD (outer diameter) x ID (inner diameter) x L (length of barrel) and expressed in millimeters. Designations may vary between manufacturers. Coaxial plugs that have a male center pin will have another measurement, Center Pin Diameter (CPD). These plugs are often used for higher power applications such as portable computers. There"
"cohesive plug of growing medium. The plug cavities vary in volume by various combinations of top diameter and depth, from 39 to 3260 mL, but those most commonly used, at least in British Columbia, are in the range 39 mL to 133 mL (Van Eerden and Gates 1990). The BC-CFS Styroblock plug, developed in 1969/70, has become the dominant stock type for interior spruce in British Columbia (Van Eerden and Gates 1990, Coates et al. 1994). Plug sizes are indicated by a 3-figure designation, the 1st figure of which gives the top diameter and the other 2 figures the depth"
"C battery The C' battery (or R14 battery) is a standard size of dry cell battery typically used in medium-drain applications such as toys, flashlights, and musical instruments. As of 2007, C batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline primary battery sales in the United States. In Switzerland as of 2008, C batteries totalled 5.4% of primary battery sales and 3.4% of secondary battery sales. A 'C' battery measures length and diameter. The voltage and capacity of a 'C'-size battery depends on the battery chemistry and discharge conditions. The nominal voltage is 1.5V. Alkaline 'C' batteries can hold up to 8,000"
"in diameter, to 10 to 14 inches (25 to 35 cm) with a bore about 0.5 inch (14 mm) in diameter. A piston with an airtight circular seal is fitted into the cylinder. String packing, rubber gaskets, or grease are used to create an air-tight but slippery seal. At the end of the piston is a small cavity, where tinder can be attached without it being crushed during subsequent operations. The piston can be completely withdrawn from the cylinder for installation or removal of the tinder. The piston (or cylinder) has a handle on the end to allow a firm"
"formats. C-mount lenses are built for the 8 mm and 16 mm film formats and the 1/3"", 1/2"", 2/3"", 1"", and 4/3"" video formats, which corresponds to a range of image circles approximately from 5 to 22 mm in diameter. Depending on the format, the design of the lens and its performance will differ considerably. For example, for the 4/3 format, a 12 mm lens is a wide-angle lens and will have a retrofocus design. For the 2/3-inch format, a 12 mm lens is ""normal"" and can have a simple and fast double Gauss layout. For the 1/3-inch format, a"
"diameter matches the diameter across the grooves. Meanwhile, the .308 Winchester is measured across the grooves and uses a .308-in diameter (7.82-mm) bullet; the military-specification version is known as 7.62×51mm NATO, so called because the bore diameter measured between the lands is 7.62 mm, and the cartridge has a case 51 mm long. The following table lists some of the commonly used calibers where both metric and US customary are used as equivalents. Due to variations in naming conventions, and the whims of the cartridge manufacturers, bullet diameters can vary widely from the diameter implied by the name. For example,"
"to prevent wetting of the cylinder walls, and in fire sprinklers to provide adequate coverage of the protected property. formula_5 The drop size is the size of the spray drops that make up the nozzle’s spray pattern. The spray drops within a given spray are not all the same size. There are several ways to describe the drop sizes within a spray: • Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) or D32 • Volume Median Diameter (VMD) DV0.5 and Mass Median Diameter (MMD) Drop sizes are stated in micrometers (µm). One micrometer equals 1/25,400 inch. The size and/or volume distribution of drops in"
"(Compulsory Product Certification System) has been introduced, and compliant Chinese plugs have been awarded the CCC Mark by this system. The plug is three wire, earthed, rated at 10 A, 250 V and used for Class 1 applications; a slightly larger 16 A version also exists. The nominal pin dimensions of the 10 A version are: 1.5 mm thick by 6.4 mm wide, the line & neutral are 18 mm long, and the earth is 21 mm long. It is similar to the Australian plug. Many 3 pin sockets in China include a physical lockout preventing access to the active"
"a diameter of and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from ; they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio, or delivering device drivers. At the time of the technology's introduction in 1982, a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard drive, which would typically hold 10 MB. By 2010, hard drives commonly offered as much storage space as a thousand CDs, while their prices had plummeted to commodity level. In 2004, worldwide"
"keys in the chuck. The smaller indentations that do not open to the end are grasped by the chuck to prevent the drill bit falling out. The hammer of the drill hits the flat end of the shank. The shank must be lubricated with grease to allow it to slide in the chuck. There are three standard sizes of SDS: SDS-plus (or SDSplus or SDS+), SDS-Top and SDS-max. SDS-plus is the most common by count of tools manufactured, with masonry drills from 4 mm diameter to 30 mm (and from 5/32"" to 1-1/4"") diameter ordinarily available. The shortest SDS-plus masonry"
"Knuckle thread Knuckle threads are an unusual highly rounded thread form. The large space between the rounded crests and roots provides space for debris to be shifted to not interfere with the thread, making this form resistant to debris and thread damage. Knuckle threads with a flat 30 degree flank thread angle are standardized in 405 for inch pitches and diameters ranging from 8mm to 200mm. A more recent standard DIN 20400 uses metric thread pitch and lists diameters from 10mm to 300mm. As DIN is a German organization, many instances of the DIN thread charts write numbers with a"
"cross-sectional area equivalent of standard square bar sizes that were formerly used. The diameter of the equivalent large format round shape is rounded to the nearest ⅛ inch to provide the bar size. For example, #9 bar has a cross section of 1.00 square inches, and therefore a diameter of 1.128 inches. #10, #11, #14, and #18 sizes correspond to 1 inch, 1, 1, and 2 inch square bars, respectively. #14 rebar is particularly affected by this approximation; by diameter it would be #13.5. Sizes smaller than #3 are no longer recognized as standard sizes. These are most commonly manufactured"
"and aluminium found in CDs. The digital data on a CD begins at the center of the disc and proceeds toward the edge, which allows adaptation to the different size formats available. Standard CDs are available in two sizes. By far, the most common is in diameter, with a 74- or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MiB (737,280,000-byte) data capacity. The official Philips history says this capacity was specified by Sony executive Norio Ohga so as to be able to contain the entirety of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony on one disc. This is a myth according to Kees"
"are manufactured with domed (convex) and dished (concave) bottoms. The dished profile allows them to stand upright on a horizontal surface, and is the standard shape for industrial cylinders. The cylinders used for emergency gas supply on diving bells are often this shape, and commonly have a water capacity of about 50 litres (""J""). Domed bottoms give a larger volume for the same cylinder mass, and are the standard for scuba cylinders up to 18 litres water capacity, though some concave bottomed cylinders have been marketed for scuba. Steel alloys used for dive cylinder manufacture are authorised by the manufacturing"
"socket circuits, radial or ring circuit) 4/1.5 mm² and 6/2.5 mm² have stranded conductors and a solid CPC (fixed high power equipment or sub-mains) 10/4 mm² and 16/6 mm² have stranded conductors and CPC (fixed high power equipment or sub-mains) In older properties (pre 1970) cable with imperial sizes are found, sometimes without CPC. Mainland UK wiring regulations do not at present (BS7671:AMD3) acknowledge Twin and Earth or Flat TPS with a full sized and insulated (G/Y) earth conductor as a valid cable type, which may be awkward for contractors who work cross-border with the Republic of Ireland. Also available"