"emperor (Nero) wished to blame the Christians. This ""dies imperii"" (regnal day anniversary) was an important one, exactly ten years after Nero ascended to the throne, and it was 'as usual' accompanied by much bloodshed. Traditionally, Roman authorities sentenced him to death by crucifixion. In accordance with the apocryphal Acts of Peter, he was crucified head down. Tradition also locates his burial place where the Basilica of Saint Peter was later built, directly beneath the Basilica's high altar. According to the 1911 ""Catholic Encyclopedia"", Peter labored in Rome during the last portion of his life, and there his life was"
"died by crucifixion (with arms outstretched) at the time of the Great Fire of Rome in the year 64. The writings of the 1st century Church Father Ignatius of Antioch refer to Peter and Paul giving admonitions to the Romans, indicating Peter's presence in Rome. Margherita Guarducci, who led the research leading to the rediscovery of Peter's reputed tomb in its last stages (1963–1968), concludes Peter died on 13 October AD 64 during the festivities on the occasion of the ""dies imperii"" of Emperor Nero. This took place three months after the disastrous fire that destroyed Rome for which the"
"Peter (curopalates) Petrus (, ""Petros"", also known as Peter in English (c. 545 in Arabissus, Cappadocia – 27 November 602 in Constantinople or Chalcedon) was a brother of the Byzantine Emperor Maurice (r. 582 - 602). Petrus was a son of Paul, head of the Byzantine Senate and a sibling to Maurice, Byzantine Emperor, Gordia, the wife of Philippicus, and Theoctista. Raised to the rank of ""curopalates"", he was an important general in the Byzantine army. Together with Priscus and Comentiolus, he was one of the three commanders-in-chief during Maurice's Balkan campaigns. Though less able than Priscus, he succeeded the"
"Justin II Justin II (; ; c. 520 – 5 October 578) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 565 to 574. He was the husband of Sophia, nephew of Justinian I and the Empress Theodora, and was therefore a member of the Justinian Dynasty. His reign was marked by war with the Sassanid Empire, and the loss of the greater part of Italy. He presented the Cross of Justin II to Saint Peter's, Rome. He was a son of Vigilantia and Dulcidio (or Dulcissimus), respectively the sister and brother-in-law of Justinian. His siblings included Marcellus and Praejecta. Justinian I died on"
"known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from Galilee, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the Christian Church. The name Peter is ""Petrus"" in Latin and ""Petros"" in Greek, deriving from """"petra"""" which means ""stone"" or ""rock"" in Greek, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic ""Kepa"", the name given to Simon by Jesus. (, and see ) Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, traveled to Rome and met his martyrdom there along with Paul on 13 October, 64 AD during the reign of the"
"Roman Emperor Nero. His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome. According to Origen, Peter was crucified head downwards, by his own request because he considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus. The crucifixion took place near an ancient Egyptian obelisk in the Circus of Nero. The obelisk now stands in St. Peter's Square and is revered as a ""witness"" to Peter's death. It is one of several ancient Obelisks of Rome. According to tradition, Peter's remains were buried just outside the Circus, on the Mons Vaticanus across"
"Holy Roman Emperor on 29 June. Just over a year later, the Emperor died on 24 August 1313 at Buonconvento in Tuscany. The clashes began anew and the Torriani repeatedly engaged Milanese troops, attacked the city, urged the Ghibellines to arise against the Visconti. The sons of Matteo had to travel between the mountains and valleys to restore peace and subdue the rebellious cities. In 1313, they defeated the supporters of the Della Torre at the battles of Gaggiano and Rho. The Guelph league took the opportunity to appoint Robert of Anjou, King of Naples and Count of Provence and"
"party and Paul's Hellenizing party, seen in e.g. the Incident at Antioch, which later Christian accounts have downplayed. Another revisionist view was developed by supporters of the Christ myth theory, which holds that the figure of Peter is largely a development from some mythological doorkeeper figures. According to Arthur Drews and G. A. Wells, if there was a historical Peter, then all that is known about him is the brief mentions in Galatians. Saint Peter Saint Peter (Syriac/Aramaic: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, ""Shemayon Keppa""; ; ; ; ; r. AD 30; died between AD 64 and 68), also known as Simon Peter,"
"the death is said to take place during the Christian persecutions by Nero. Tacitus (56–117) describes the persecution of Christians in his Annals, though he does not specifically mention Peter. ""They were torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or were doomed to the flames and burnt."" Furthermore, Tertullian says these events took place in the imperial gardens near the Circus of Nero. No other area would have been available for public persecutions after the Great Fire of Rome destroyed the Circus Maximus and most of the rest of the city in the year 64 AD. This"
"Saint Peter Saint Peter (Syriac/Aramaic: ܫܸܡܥܘܿܢ ܟܹ݁ܐܦ݂ܵܐ, ""Shemayon Keppa""; ; ; ; ; r. AD 30; died between AD 64 and 68), also known as Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon (, ), according to the New Testament, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Great Church. Pope Gregory I called him repeatedly the ""Prince of the Apostles"". According to Catholic teaching, Jesus promised Peter in the ""Rock of My Church"" dialogue in Matthew a special position in the Church. He is traditionally counted as the first Bishop of Romeor popeand also by Eastern"
"the ""Emperor Claudius"" in 270 AD and as a result was beheaded. Since then, February 14 marks Valentine's Day, a day set aside by the Christian church in memory of the Roman priest and physician. Claudius Gothicus Claudius Gothicus (; May 10, 214 – January 270), also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to ""pestilence"", possibly the Plague of Cyprian that had ravaged the provinces of the Empire. Claudius' origin is uncertain."
"them in several battles. When in 602, his brother ordered his troops to spend the winter on the northern bank of the Danube, Petrus made no attempt to disobey this order, as opposed to Priscus in 593. Mutiny was the result. Although Petrus attempted to calm down his troops, they marched to Constantinople and overthrew Maurice. Petrus was subsequently murdered. Although Theophylact Simocatta portrayed Petrus as unable, relying on Priscus as only surviving witness, Petrus' expertise was sophisticated enough to put him forward as a candidate for the authorship of the Strategikon of Maurice. Peter (curopalates) Petrus (, ""Petros"", also"
"in Rome c. 60 (Acts). His Captivity Epistles, as well as Mark, Luke, Acts, and 1 Peter were written here, according to many scholars. Paul and Peter were said to have been martyred there. Nero persecuted Roman Christians after Rome burned in 64, and the congregation may have suffered further persecution under Domitian (81–96). Clement was the first of early Rome's most notable bishops. The ""Liber Pontificalis"", which documents the reigns of popes, states that Clement had known Saint Peter. Clement is known for his epistle to the church in Corinth (c. 96), in which he asserts the apostolic authority"
"Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (; ) (6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry the Exuberant, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor (""Romanorum Imperator"") from 1014 until his death in 1024 and the last member of the Ottonian dynasty of Emperors as he had no children. The Duke of Bavaria from 995, Henry became King of Germany (""Rex Romanorum"") following the sudden death of his second cousin, Emperor Otto III in 1002, was crowned King of Italy (""Rex Italiae"") in 1004, and was crowned by the Pope as Emperor in 1014. The"
"Saint Christopher Saint Christopher (, ""Ágios Christóforos"") is venerated by several Christian denominations as a martyr killed in the reign of the 3rd-century Roman Emperor Decius (reigned 249–251) or alternatively under the Roman Emperor Maximinus II Dacian (reigned 308–313). There appears to be confusion due to the similarity in names ""Decius"" and ""Dacian"". However his veneration only appears late in Christian tradition, and did not become widespread in the Western Church until the Late Middle Ages, although churches and monasteries were named after him by the 7th century. It is disputed whether Christopher existed, and if so whether the name"
"Pope Telesphorus Pope Telesphorus (died c. 137) was the Bishop of Rome from c. 126 to his death c. 137, during the reigns of Roman Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. He was of Greek ancestry and born in Terranova da Sibari, Calabria, Italy. Telesphorus is traditionally considered as being the eighth Roman bishop in succession after Saint Peter. The ""Liber Pontificalis"" mentions that he had been an anchorite (or hermit) monk prior to assuming office. According to the testimony of Irenæus (""Against Heresies"" III.3.3), he suffered a ""glorious"" martyrdom. Although most early popes are called martyrs by sources such as"
"Talmud describes Titus as having had sex with a whore on a Torah scroll inside the Temple during its destruction. The war in Judaea and the life of Titus, particularly his relationship with Berenice, have inspired writers and artists through the centuries. The bas-relief in the Arch of Titus has been influential in the depiction of the destruction of Jerusalem, with the Menorah frequently being used to symbolise the looting of the Second Temple. Titus Titus (; ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus"
"details about Paul's life. 1 Clement, a letter written by the Roman bishop Clement of Rome around the year 90, reports this about Paul: Commenting on this passage, Raymond Brown writes that while it ""does not explicitly say"" that Paul was martyred in Rome, ""such a martyrdom is the most reasonable interpretation"". Eusebius of Caesarea, who wrote in the 4th century, states that Paul was beheaded in the reign of the Roman Emperor Nero. This event has been dated either to the year 64, when Rome was devastated by a fire, or a few years later, to 67. According to"
"Gorgonius Saint Gorgonius of Nicomedia was a Christian martyr, part of the group Gorgonius, Peter Cubicularius and Dorotheus, who died in 304 AD at Nicomedia during the persecution of Emperor Diocletian. According to Lactantius and Eusebius, Gorgonius held a high position in the household of the emperor. When the persecution began he was consequently among the first to be charged, and with his companions, Peter, Dorotheus and several others, brutally tortured to death. According to one version of the legend, Diocletian, wishing to expose Christians in his household, ordered everyone to pay honor to the Roman gods; if they refused,"
"Pope Sixtus II Pope Sixtus II (died 6 August 258) was the Pope or Bishop of Rome from 31 August 257 until his death on 6 August 258. He was martyred along with seven deacons, including Lawrence of Rome during the persecution of the Catholic Church by Emperor Valerian. According to the ""Liber Pontificalis"", he was born in Greece and was a philosopher; however, this is uncertain, and is disputed by modern western historians arguing that the authors of ""Liber Pontificalis"" confused him with that of the contemporary author Xystus, who was a Greek student of Pythagoreanism. He restored the"
"his throne. He was consecrated emperor at the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls in Rome by Pope Honorius III on 9 April, 1217. He then borrowed some ships from the Venetians, promising in return to conquer Durazzo for them, but he failed in this enterprise, and sought to make his way to Constantinople by land. On the journey he was seized by the despot of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, and, after an imprisonment of two years, died, probably by foul means. Peter thus never governed his empire, which, however, was ruled for a time by his wife, Yolanda,"
"Peter (stratopedarches) Peter (, died 977) was a Byzantine eunuch general. Originally a servant of the powerful Cappadocian Phokas family, he was raised to high military office (""stratopedarches"" of the East) under Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, leading the capture of Antioch and the subjugation of Aleppo in 969. Under John I Tzimiskes, he fought as a senior commander against the Rus' in 970–971, while after Tzimiskes' death he led the loyalist forces against the revolt of the general Bardas Skleros in Asia Minor, falling in battle in autumn 977. According to several Byzantine sources, Peter was originally a servant or"
"Peter the Patrician Peter the Patrician (, , ""Petros ho Patrikios""; –565) was a senior East Roman or Byzantine official, diplomat, and historian. A well-educated and successful lawyer, he was repeatedly sent as envoy to Ostrogothic Italy in the prelude to the Gothic War of 535–554. Despite his diplomatic skill, he was not able to avert war, and was imprisoned by the Goths in Ravenna for a few years. Upon his release, he was appointed to the post of ""magister officiorum"", head of the imperial secretariat, which he held for an unparalleled 26 years. In this capacity, he was one"
"people died as a result, there were no deaths in Spoleto. Pontianus is one of the 140 saints whose statues adorn St. Peter's Square on top of Bernini's colonnades. Pontianus of Spoleto Pontianus (, ) (alternatively anglicized as Pontian) was a second century Christian martyr. He was martyred during the reign of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius. He is honored as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church, the Old Catholic Church, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In Spoleto, Italy, he is invoked for protection against earthquakes. According to a ""Passio"" preserved in the Cathedral of Spoleto, Pontianus was a"
"was the leading Patriarchate of the ancient four by virtue of its founding by Saints Peter and Paul and their martyrdom there, not to mention being the political center of the Roman empire at the time. Some organizations (e.g. the Assyrian Church of the East), though aloof from the political wranglings of imperial Christianity, nevertheless also practiced episcopal polity. Shortly after the Roman Emperor Constantine I legalized Christianity in 321, he also constructed an elaborate second capital of the Roman Empire located at Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople, in 324. The single Roman Empire was divided between these two autonomous"
"Claudius Gothicus Claudius Gothicus (; May 10, 214 – January 270), also known as Claudius II, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to ""pestilence"", possibly the Plague of Cyprian that had ravaged the provinces of the Empire. Claudius' origin is uncertain. Born on May 10, 214, he was either from Sirmium in Pannonia Inferior or from Naissus in Moesia Superior. According to the fourth-century ""Epitome de Caesaribus"", he would be the son of one of Emperor"
"been baptized by Saint Mark, and he was enthroned Patriarch in the month of Babab (October), in the year 96 AD, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Trajan. He was arrested and martyred in the persecution led by the Roman Emperor Trajan. It was said that the reason for the arrest was that one of the Roman governors had said to him, “Why do you not have our gods partake with your God and continue to worship him?"" So he answered, “Because we do not prostrate before any other.” His martyrdom took place on the 21st of Paoni (28"
"Peter I of Cyprus Peter I of Cyprus or Pierre I de Lusignan (9 October 1328 – 17 January 1369) was King of Cyprus and titular King of Jerusalem from his father's abdication on 24 November 1358 until his own death in 1369. He was the second son of Hugh IV of Cyprus, the first by his second wife Alice of Ibelin. He was also invested as titular Count of Tripoli when young, in 1346. He was the greatest King of Cyprus on a military basis, where he had great success. He was unable to complete many plans, due to"
"battle is not normally considered a form of martyrdom by the Orthodox Church. According to Catholicism and Orthodoxy, martyrs are those who ""voluntarily"" accept death for their faith, typically in a situation where they have the option to give up Christianity and live, but choose death instead. Constantine XI Palaiologos Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos, Latinized as Palaeologus (, ""Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos""; 8 February 1405 – 29 May 1453) was the last reigning Roman and Byzantine Emperor, ruling as a member of the Palaiologos dynasty from 1449 to his death in battle at the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Previously"
"Protus and Hyacinth Saints Protus and Hyacinth were Christian martyrs during the persecution of Emperor Valerian (257–259 AD). Protus' name is sometimes spelled Protatius, Proteus, Prothus, Prote, and Proto. His name was corrupted in England as Saint Pratt. Hyacinth is sometimes called by his Latin name Hyacinthus (in ; ; and ). The day of their annual commemoration is mentioned in the """"Depositio Martyrum"""" on September 11, in the chronographia for the year 354. The chronographia also mentions their graves, in the Coemeterium of Basilla on the Via Salaria, later the Catacomb of St. Hermes. The """"Itineraries"""" and other early"
"saint being located in Diospolis. George was executed by decapitation before Nicomedia's city wall, on 23 April 303. A witness of his suffering convinced Empress Alexandra of Rome to become a Christian as well, so she joined George in martyrdom. His body was returned to Lydda for burial, where Christians soon came to honour him as a martyr. The Latin ""Acta Sancti Georgii"" (6th century) follows the general course of the Greek legend, but Diocletian here becomes ""Dacian, Emperor of the Persians"". George lives and dies in Melitene in Cappadocia. His martyrdom is greatly extended, to more than twenty separate"
"celebrated in the Catholic Church on 4 or 7 August. Justin the Confessor Justin the Confessor (died 269 in Rome) was a Christian martyr in the Roman Empire. He is honoured as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Justin the Confessor lived in the city of Rome at the time of the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. It is believed that Justin was martyred, either under Emperor Claudius II or under Emperor Valerian, the latter being more likely. Justin was ordained as a priest by Pope Sixtus II. As a presbyter he led the Christian community of"
"Peter (usurper) Peter () was a Roman usurper of the early sixth century, recorded in two minor sources: the ""Consularia Caesaraugustana"" and the ""Victoris Tunnunnensis Chronicon"". He was a ""tyrant"" (meaning usurper) against the Visigothic rulers of Spain. When the Visigoths captured the city of Dertosa in 506, he was arrested and executed, with his head being sent as a trophy to Saragossa. Nothing else is known about him, but he seems to be the second Roman governor (after Burdunellus) to try to claim imperial authority in the Ebro valley of Spain after the fall of the Western Roman Empire."