"of jet travel, Southampton was Britain's gateway to the world. The port also played a minor role in the history of Britain's canals. There is evidence of settlement in the area now known as Southampton as far back as the Stone Age, but no evidence of boating or port activity. The Romans settled the site (known as Clausentum, now the Bitterne Manor area of Southampton) around 70 AD. They operated a busy port, serving the large towns of Winchester and Salisbury. The settlement was abandoned when the Romans left Britain in 407 AD. The (Saxons ) founded a new town"
"Lucentum Lucentum (, ""Loúkenton""), called Lucentia by Pomponius Mela, is the name of the Roman predecessor of the city of Alicante, Spain. Particularly, it refers to the archaeological site in which the remains of this ancient settlement lie, at a place known as ""El Tossal de Manises"", in the neighborhood of Albufereta. Diodorus ascribes Lucentum's foundation to the Carthaginian leader Hamilcar Barcas. As a Mediterranean and Iberian commercial center, it had trading contacts with Greece, Phoenicia, and the southern Iberian city of Tartessos, absorbing some of their influences. This unique mixture gave rise to a culture called Contestani by Pliny"
"the original A-text), who may have come from Gloucester, taking part in the Battle of Dyrham in 577, when the city was conquered by the Anglo-Saxons. http://www.glosarch.org.uk/Gloucestercityresearch.html#GLEVUM Glevum Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally ""Glouvia"") was a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a ""colonia"" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, located in the English county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile ""Glevum Way"", a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester. Glevum was established around"
"Cirencester Cirencester (, ; see below for more variations) is a market town in east Gloucestershire, England, west northwest of London. Cirencester lies on the River Churn, a tributary of the River Thames, and is the largest town in the Cotswold District. It is the home of the Royal Agricultural University, the oldest agricultural college in the English-speaking world, founded in 1840. The town's Corinium Museum is well known for its extensive Roman collection. The Roman name for the town was Corinium, which is thought to have been associated with the ancient British tribe of the ""Dobunni"", having the same"
"of Greater London, and who are mentioned by Julius Caesar in his account of his expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC. In a later account of these expeditions by Orosius, they are referred to as ""civitas Trinovantum"", ""the nation of the Trinovantes"", with ""Trinovantum"" in this case being in the genitive plural. However, as ""civitas"" can also mean ""city"" and Latin neuter nouns often end in ""-um"" in the nominative singular, this phrase was misinterpreted by Geoffrey or his sources as ""the city Trinovantum"". In Roman times the city was known by the name Londinium, which appears to"
"Camulodunum Camulodunum (; ), the Ancient Roman name for what is now Colchester in Essex, was an important town in Roman Britain, and the first capital of the province. It is claimed to be the oldest town in Britain. Originally the site of the Brythonic-Celtic oppidum of Camulodunon (meaning ""stronghold of Camulos""), capital of the Trinovantes and later the Catuvellauni tribes, it was first mentioned by name on coinage minted by the chieftain Tasciovanus sometime between 20 and 10 BC. The Roman town began life as a Roman Legionary base constructed in the AD 40s on the site of the"
"what is now Cumbria. Isurium or Isurium of the Brigantes (Latin: ""Isurium Brigantum"") the historical capital of the kingdom became a Roman fort and town in the province of Britannia at the site of present-day Aldborough, North Yorkshire, England, in the United Kingdom. Its remains—the Aldborough Roman Site—are in the care of English Heritage. ""Bremetennacum Veteranorum"" (Ribchester) and ""Mamucium"" (Manchester) as well as ""Coccium"" (Wigan) were all Roman forts stationed in Brigantia. Around 43 AD when the Brigantes were first recorded, Brigantia consisted of mossland, marshes and forests which they inhabited; such ancient forests include the Forest of Lyme and"
"Luguvalium Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. The Romans called the settlement at what is today Carlisle . This was originally thought to mean ""wall[ed town] of Lugus"" but has since been explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as *Luguwalion, meaning ""[city] of Luguwalos"", Luguwalos being a masculine Celtic given name meaning ""strength of Lugus"". The name apparently continued in use among Brythonic speakers in the Hen Ogledd and Wales and it was during that time"
"Corinium Dobunnorum Corinium Dobunnorum was the Romano-British settlement at Cirencester in the present-day English county of Gloucestershire. Its 2nd-century walls enclosed the second-largest area of a city in Roman Britain. It was the tribal capital of the Dobunni and is usually thought to have been the capital of the Diocletian-era province of First Britain (""Britannia I"" ). A Roman fort was established at Corinium in the territory of the friendly tribe of the Dobunni about a year after the Roman conquest of Britain. The main settlement in the area at the time was the hillfort at Bagendon. Three main Roman"
"to the town walls. However, a serious fire spread through the town centre and the forum, basilica and market hall were never rebuilt. The settlement is generally identified as the mentioned among the 28 cities of Britain by the later ""History of the Britons"" traditionally attributed to Nennius. Ratae Corieltauvorum Ratae Corieltauvorum or simply Ratae was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Leicester, located in the English county of Leicestershire. ""Ratae"" is a latinate form of the Brittonic word for ""ramparts"" (cf. Gaelic ""rath""), suggesting the site was an Iron Age oppidum. This"
"in the post-war years, the walls were recognised as an important historical feature of Southampton. Conservation projects have since occurred and the walls are now promoted as a tourist attraction. Several earlier settlements were built near modern Southampton featuring protective town walls. Following the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43 the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and a defensive outpost for the town of Winchester, located on the site of Bitterne Manor, today a suburb of modern Southampton. Clausentum was defended on its eastern, landwards side by a flint stone wall and"
"of the northernmost urban centres of the Roman Empire was probably founded in the late first century or early second century. The Roman civitas was the administrative centre of the Brigantes tribe, the largest and most northerly tribe in Roman Britain. Roman towns such as Exeter, Leicester, Chichester and Canterbury had the same status as ""Isurium"". Tacitus recorded that ""Isuer"" was the seat of Venutius, king of the Brigantes who was usurped from power by his wife, Cartismandua and her lover Volucatus at the beginning of the first century. Cartismandua welcomed the Romans who perceived little threat from the Brigantes"
"Glevum Glevum (or, more formally, Colonia Nervia Glevensium, or occasionally ""Glouvia"") was a Roman fort in Roman Britain that became a ""colonia"" of retired legionaries in AD 97. Today, it is known as Gloucester, located in the English county of Gloucestershire. The name Glevum is taken by many present-day businesses in the area and also by the 26-mile ""Glevum Way"", a long-distance footpath or recreational walk encircling modern Gloucester. Glevum was established around AD 48 at an important crossing of the River Severn and near to the Fosse Way, the early front line after the Roman invasion of Britain and"
"importance. Luentinum Luentinum or Loventium () was a fort and mining settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. It was associated with the Dolaucothi Gold Mines and its remains lie beneath the adjoining village of Pumsaint in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire. It lay between similar forts at Llandovery and Bremia near Llanio, and some distance away from the fort at Llandeilo. The Roman road Sarn Helen linked Luentinum with Llanio and Llandovery. Luentinum appears to have been founded as a square 5½ acre (2.25 hectare) Roman auxiliary fort controlling the adjoining gold mines, around AD 75 when Frontinus was"
"Laurentum Laurentum was an ancient Roman city of Latium situated between Ostia and Lavinium, on the west coast of the Italian Peninsula southwest of Rome. Roman writers regarded it as the original capital of Italy, before Lavinium assumed that role after the death of King Latinus. In historical times, Laurentum was united with Lavinium, and the name Lauro-Lavinium is sometimes used to refer to both. According to Livy, in the 8th century BC at the time when Romulus and Titus Tatius jointly ruled Rome, the ambassadors of the Laurentes came to Rome but were beaten by Tatius' relatives. The Laurentes"
"possibly reaching the Irish Sea and including the lands of the Iceni. Its capital is sometimes placed at Lindum Colonia (Lincoln). Following the Roman conquest of Britain, it was administered as a single province from Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Londinium (London) until the Severan Reforms following the revolt of its governor Clodius Albinus. These divided the territory into Upper and Lower Britain (""Britannia Superior"" and ""Inferior""), whose respective capitals were at Londinium and Eboracum (York). During the first phases of the Diocletian Reforms, Britain was under the control of the Allectus's Britannic Empire as part of the Carausian Revolt. At"
"Moridunum (Carmarthen) Moridunum was a Roman fort and town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Carmarthen, located in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire (formerly in the county of Dyfed). Moridunum ( ""sea fort"") was the civitas capital of the Demetae tribe in Roman Wales and was recorded by Ptolemy and in the Antonine Itinerary. The initial fort is believed to date from about AD 75, possibly replacing the hillfort on Merlin's Hill. The fort lasted until about 120, when the associated civilian vicus took over and the place became a town. A street-grid was laid"
"Asculum Asculum, also known as Ausculum, was the ancient name of two Italian cities. The first is Ascoli Piceno, the ""Ausculum"" in ancient Picenum (modern Marche). It is situated in the valley of the Truentus (mod. Tronto) river on the via Salaria. It was originally a Sabine city (Festus 235.16-17). Following its defeat by the Romans in 268 BC (Eutr. 2,16), Asculum became a ""civitas foederata"". It was the first Italian city to rise up against Rome in 90 BC during the Social War, and it was besieged and captured following the Battle of Asculum (89 BC). Following the war,"
"city has been variously identified with the and which appeared in the 9th-century ""History of the Britons""’s list of the 28 cities of Britain. N.J. Higham proposes that Wroxeter became the eponymous capital of an early sub-Roman kingdom known as the ""Wrocensaete"", which he asserts was the successor territorial unit to Cornovia. The literal meaning of ""Wrocensaete"" is 'those dwelling at ""Wrocen""', which Higham interprets as Wroxeter. It may refer quite specifically to the royal court itself, in the first instance, and only by extension to the territory administered from the court. The Roman city was rediscovered in 1859 when"
"Ratae Corieltauvorum Ratae Corieltauvorum or simply Ratae was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Leicester, located in the English county of Leicestershire. ""Ratae"" is a latinate form of the Brittonic word for ""ramparts"" (cf. Gaelic ""rath""), suggesting the site was an Iron Age oppidum. This generic name was distinguished by (""of the Corieltauvians""), the name of the Celtic tribe whose capital it served as under the Romans. The town was mistakenly known as Ratae Coritanorum in later records. However, an inscription recovered in 1983 showed that it was corrupt and ""Corieltauvorum"" was the"
"Luentinum Luentinum or Loventium () was a fort and mining settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. It was associated with the Dolaucothi Gold Mines and its remains lie beneath the adjoining village of Pumsaint in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire. It lay between similar forts at Llandovery and Bremia near Llanio, and some distance away from the fort at Llandeilo. The Roman road Sarn Helen linked Luentinum with Llanio and Llandovery. Luentinum appears to have been founded as a square 5½ acre (2.25 hectare) Roman auxiliary fort controlling the adjoining gold mines, around AD 75 when Frontinus was governor"
"impressive fountain, presumably fed by a still-functioning aqueduct. The place was under the control of a """". Luguvalium Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. The Romans called the settlement at what is today Carlisle . This was originally thought to mean ""wall[ed town] of Lugus"" but has since been explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as *Luguwalion, meaning ""[city] of Luguwalos"", Luguwalos being a masculine Celtic given name meaning ""strength of Lugus"". The name apparently continued"
"of the ""civitates"" of Roman Britain, whose chief town was Caesaromagus (modern Chelmsford, Essex). The style of their rich burials (see facies of Aylesford) is of continental origin and evidence of their affiliation to the Belgic people. Their name was re-used as ""Trinovantum"", the supposed original name of London, by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his ""Historia Regum Britanniae"", in which he claimed the name derived from ""Troi-novantum"" or ""New Troy"", connecting this with the legend that Britain was founded by Brutus and other refugees from the Trojan War. In Chelmsford 123, a British television situation comedy produced for Channel 4"
"diverge from the Chichester to Silchester Way at Wickham, connected Noviomagus Reginorum, modern Chichester, with Clausentum. Records are unreliable for the next 200 years, but in this time, southern Britain went from being Brythonic to being English and Hampshire emerged as the centre of what was to become the most powerful kingdom in Britain, the Kingdom of Wessex. Evidence of early Anglo-Saxon settlement has been found at Clausentum, dated to the fifth century. By the seventh century, the population of Hampshire was predominantly English-speaking; around this period, the administrative region of ""Hampshire"" seems to appear; the name is attested as"
"bases at Colchester, Lincoln (""Lindum""), Wroxeter (""Viroconium""), Gloucester and Exeter. The Fosse Way, from Exeter to Lincoln, was also built at this time to connect these bases with each other, marking the effective boundary of the early Roman province. During the Flavian period (69–96 AD), the roads to Lincoln, Wroxeter and Gloucester were extended (by 80) to the new (and definitive) legionary bases at York, Chester and Caerleon respectively. By 96 further extensions from York to Corbridge, and from Chester to Carlisle and Caernarfon (""Segontium""), were completed as Roman rule was extended over Wales (""Cambria"") and northern England (""Brigantia""). Stanegate,"
"most northern capital. Isurium Brigantum Isurium or Isurium of the Brigantes () was a Roman fort and town in the province of Britannia at the site of present-day Aldborough in North Yorkshire, England, in the United Kingdom. Its remains—the Aldborough Roman Site—are in the care of English Heritage. The Roman road through the town formed a leg of both Dere Street—connecting Eboracum (York) to the Antonine Wall—and the Roman equivalent of Watling Street, which here connected Eboracum with Luguvalium (Carlisle). The modern village retains part of the Roman street plan and the church stands on the site of the forum."
"as Roman colonies, such as Cologne, Germany, originally called ""Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium"" by the Romans, and the British capital city of London, which the Romans founded as ""Londinium"". The decline and collapse of the Roman Empire saw (and was partly caused by) the large-scale movement of people in Eastern Europe and Asia. This is largely seen as beginning with nomadic horsemen from Asia (specifically the Huns) moving into the richer pasture land to the west, thus forcing the local peoples there to move further west and so on until eventually the Goths were forced to cross into the Roman"
"rebuilt on a larger scale and flourished, growing larger in size than its pre-Boudican levels (to 108 acres/45 ha) despite its loss of status to Londinium, reaching its peak in the Second and 3rd centuries. The town's official name was ""Colonia Claudia Victricensis"" (City of Claudius’ Victory), but it was known colloquially by contemporaries (such as on the monument of Gnaeus Munatius Aurelius Bassus in Rome - ""see below"") as ""Camulodunum"" or simply ""Colonia"". The colonia became a large industrial centre, and was the largest, and for a short time the only, place in the province of Britannia where samian"
"AD, Lincoln is referred to as Lindum Colonia. As the Roman colonia for veteran soldiers at Lincoln is thought to have been established during the reign of the Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96), it has been suggested that the full name of the colonia would have been Colonia Domitiana Lindensium, but, as yet, there have been no Roman inscriptions found that confirm this. The Romans conquered this part of Britain in AD 48 and shortly afterwards built a legionary fortress, possibly south of the River Witham. This was soon replaced, around the year 60, by a second fort for the Ninth"
"Lindum Colonia Lindum Colonia, was the Roman name for the settlement which is now the City of Lincoln in Lincolnshire. It was founded as a Roman Legionary Fortress during the reign of the Emperor Nero (58-68) or possibly later. Evidence from Roman tombstones suggests that Lincoln was first garrisoned by the Ninth Legion, ""Hispana"" which probably moved from Lincoln to found the fortress at York around c. 71 AD Lindum was then garrisoned by the Second Legion ""Aduitrix"", which then went on to Chester in 77-78 AD Probably under the reign of Domitian and most likely after 86 AD, the"
"Londinium (London) and southeastern England. Following the Roman conquest of Britain, it was administered as a single province from Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Londinium (London) until the Severan Reforms following the revolt of its governor Clodius Albinus. These divided the territory into Upper and Lower Britain (""Britannia Superior"" and ""Inferior""), whose respective capitals were at Londinium and Eboracum (York). During the first phases of the Diocletian Reforms, Britain was under the control of the Allectus's Britannic Empire as part of the Carausian Revolt. At some point after the territory was retaken by Constantius Chlorus in 296, the Diocese of the"
"Ordo urbium nobilium Ordo Urbium Nobilium is a Latin poem in dactylic hexameter by Decimus Magnus Ausonius. It was written after a journey Ausonius took through the Roman empire between the years 388 and 390 AD. The poem lists brief descriptions of the major cities of the Roman Empire and ranks them from the most important to the least important. The ranking is as follows: 1. Roma (Rome). 2. Constantinopolis (Constantinople) and Carthago (Carthage). 4. Antiochia (Antioch) and Alexandria. 6. Treveris (Trier). 7. Mediolanum (Milan). 8. Capua. 9. Aquileia. 10. Arelas (Arles). 11-14. Hispalis/Emerita (Seville and Mérida), Corduba (Córdoba), Tarraco"
"Britain after participating in Vercingetorix's rebellion and either joined or established a British branch of his tribe. Based on the development of imagery on coins, by the time of the Roman conquest, some of the tribes of south-eastern Britain likely were ruled by a Belgic nobility and were culturally influenced by them. The later ""civitas"" (administrative division) of Roman Britain had towns including ""Portus Adurni"" (Portchester), and ""Clausentum"" (Southampton). The ""civitas"" capital was at ""Venta Belgarum"" (Winchester), which was built on top of an Iron Age ""oppidum"" (which was itself built on the site of two earlier abandoned hillforts), which"