"numeric values are assigned according to the native alphabetic order of the Glagolitic alphabet. Glyphs for the ones, tens, and hundreds values are combined to form more precise numbers, for example, ⰗⰑⰂ is 500 + 80 + 3 or 583. As with Cyrillic numerals, the numbers 11 through 19 are typically written with the ones digit before the glyph for 10; for example ⰅⰊ is 6 + 10, making 16. Whereas Cyrillic numerals use modifying signs for numbers greater than 999, some documents attest to the use of Glagolitic letters for 1000 through 6000, although the validity of 3000 and"
"of Romance languages in comparison to Latin estimated that among the languages analyzed French has the greatest distance from Latin. Lexical similarity is 89% with Italian, 80% with Sardinian, 78% with Rhaeto-Romance, and 75% with Romanian, Spanish and Portuguese. The French counting system is partially vigesimal: twenty (') is used as a base number in the names of numbers from 80 to 99. The French word for ""80"" is ', literally ""four twenties"", and the word for ""75"" is """", literally ""sixty-fifteen"". This reform arose after the French Revolution to unify the different counting systems (mostly vigesimal near the coast,"
"feature of Roman numerals is called subtractive notation. The numbers from 1 to 10 (including subtractive notation for 4 and 9) are expressed in Roman numerals as follows: The system being basically decimal, ""tens and hundreds follow the same underlying pattern"". This is the key to understanding Roman numerals: Thus 10 to 100 (counting in tens, with taking the place of , taking the place of and taking the place of ): Note that 40 () and 90 () follow the same subtractive pattern as 4 and 9, avoiding the confusing and . Similarly, 100 to 1000 (counting in hundreds):"
"multiple-letter numbers (such as VIII) on a single horizontal line in Asian vertical text. The Unicode standard, however, includes special Roman numeral code points for compatibility only, stating that ""[f]or most purposes, it is preferable to compose the Roman numerals from sequences of the appropriate Latin letters"". Additionally, characters exist for archaic forms of 1000, 5000, 10,000, large reversed C (Ɔ), late 6 (ↅ, similar to Greek Stigma: Ϛ), early 50 (ↆ, similar to down arrow ↓⫝⊥), 50,000, and 100,000. Note that the small reversed c, ↄ is not intended to be used in Roman numerals, but as lower case"
"(-eset, from the Old Macedonian -десет/ -deset). The numerals 50, 70, 80 and 90 are formed by adding the old suffix -десет (-deset). Notice that when we form the number 60, we do not pronounce or write the last two letters of the basic number, шест (šest) > шеесет (šeeset). The same rule goes for the number 50, in other words, we do not pronounce or write the last letter of the basic number. These two rules are used for better and easier pronunciation. The numbers between the decimal numbers are formed on the following way: decimal number + и"
"die) are known as a quincunx, from the name of the Roman fraction/coin. The Latin words ' and ' are the source of the English words ""sextant"" and ""quadrant"". Other Roman fractional notations included the following: A number of systems were developed for the expression of larger numbers that cannot be conveniently expressed using the normal seven letter symbols of conventional Roman numerals. One of these was the ""apostrophus"", in which 500 (usually written as """") was written as |, while 1,000, was written as | instead of """". This is a system of encasing numbers to denote thousands (imagine"
"Claudian letter Ↄ, If using blackletter or script typefaces, Roman numerals are set in Roman type. Such typefaces may contain Roman numerals matching the style of the typeface in the Unicode range U+2160–217F; if they don't exist, a matching Antiqua typeface is used for Roman numerals. Unicode has characters for Roman fractions in the ""Ancient Symbols"" block: sextans, uncia, semuncia, sextula, dimidia sextula, siliqua, and as. The vertical rods are usually for even powers of ten (1, 100, 10000...) and the horizontal for odd powers (10, 1000...). For example, 126 is represented by Counting rod numerals are included in their"
"differences. ""Soixante-dix"" (literally, ""sixty-ten"") is used for ""seventy"". The words ""quatre-vingt"" (literally, ""four-twenty"", or 80) and ""quatre-vingt-dix"" (literally, ""four-twenty ten"" 90) are based on 20 (""vingt"") instead of 10. Swiss French and Belgian French do not use these forms, preferring more standard Latinate forms: ""septante"" for 70, ""octante"" for 80 and ""nonante"" for 90; In Swiss, they even replaced 80 with ""huitante"" (See the article ), which can date back to 12th century In ancient Mesopotamia, the base for constructing numbers was 60, with 10 used as an intermediate base for numbers below 60. Many West African languages base their"
"and A are, respectively, the 8th and 1st letters of the alphabet. 81 (number) 81 (eighty-one) is the natural number following 80 and preceding 82. 81 is: The inverse of 81 is 0. recurring, missing only the digit ""8"" from the complete set of digits. This is an example of the general rule that, in base ""b"", omitting only the digit ""b""−2. Eighty-one is also: The Arabic characters for the numerals 8 and 1 are visible in the left palm of the human hand. In China, 81 always reminds people People's Liberation Army as it was founded on August 1."
"100 (number) 100 or one hundred (Roman numeral: Ⅽ) is the natural number following 99 and preceding 101. In medieval contexts, it may be described as the short hundred or five score in order to differentiate the English and Germanic use of ""hundred"" to describe the long hundred of six score or 120. 100 is the square of 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 10). The standard SI prefix for a hundred is ""hecto-"". 100 is the basis of percentages (""per cent"" meaning ""per hundred"" in Latin), with 100% being a full amount. 100 is the sum of"
"Another says, ""Amerimnus thought upon his lady Harmonia for good. The number of her honorable name is 45."" Suetonius, writing in 121 AD, reports a political slogan that someone wrote on a wall in Rome: <poem> ""Nero, Orestes, Alcmeon their mothers slew. A calculation new. Nero his mother slew"" </poem> which appears to be another example. In Greek, Νερων, Nero, has the numerical value 50+5+100+800+50=1005, the same value as (idian metera apekteine)—""He killed his own mother"", (10+4+10+1+50) + (40+8+300+5+100+1) + (1+80+5+20+300+5+10+50+5). A famous example is 666 in the Biblical Book of Revelation (13:18): ""Let him that hath understanding count the"
"simply to make it clear that it ""is"" a number, e.g. . Roman numerals The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced in most contexts by"
"a zero to the end (e.g. 855 × 10 = 8550). The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two Vs [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed), and X for ten from both hands. Incidentally, the Chinese word numeral for ten, is also a cross: . The digit '1' followed by '0' is how the value of ""p"" is written in base ""p"". (E.g. 16 in hexadecimal is 10.) The SI prefix for 10 is ""deca-"". The meaning ""10"" is"
"81 (number) 81 (eighty-one) is the natural number following 80 and preceding 82. 81 is: The inverse of 81 is 0. recurring, missing only the digit ""8"" from the complete set of digits. This is an example of the general rule that, in base ""b"", omitting only the digit ""b""−2. Eighty-one is also: The Arabic characters for the numerals 8 and 1 are visible in the left palm of the human hand. In China, 81 always reminds people People's Liberation Army as it was founded on August 1. 81 is used to refer to the motor-club Hell's Angels, since H"
"as part of the ""Number Forms"" range from U+2160 to U+2183. For example, Roman 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) could alternatively be written as ⅯⅭⅯⅬⅩⅩⅩⅧ. This range includes both upper- and lowercase numerals, as well as pre-combined glyphs for numbers up to 12 (Ⅻ for XII), mainly intended for clock faces. The pre-combined glyphs should only be used to represent the individual numbers where the use of individual glyphs is not wanted, and not to replace compounded numbers. For example, one can combine Ⅹ with Ⅰ to mean Roman numeral eleven (ⅩⅠ), so U+216A (Ⅺ) is canonically equivalent to ⅩⅠ. Such characters are"
"large numbers. Similarly, | for 5,000 was reduced to ↁ; | for 10,000 to ↂ; | for 50,000 to ↇ; and | for 100,000 to ↈ. Another system is the ""vinculum"", in which conventional Roman numerals are multiplied by 1,000 by adding an ""bar"" or ""overline"". Although mathematical historian David Eugene Smith disputes that this was part of ancient Roman usage, the notation was certainly in use in the Middle Ages, and is sometimes suggested as a workable method for modern use, although it is not standardised as such. Any hundreds, tens or units in the number are written in"
"numerals. For example: As each power of ten (or ""place"") has its own notation there is no need for place keeping zeros, so ""missing places"" are ignored, as in Latin (and English) speech, thus: Roman numerals for large numbers are nowadays seen mainly in the form of year numbers (other uses are detailed later in this article), as in these examples: The ""standard"" forms described above reflect typical modern usage rather than an unchanging and universally accepted convention. Usage in ancient Rome varied greatly and remained inconsistent in medieval times. There is still no official ""binding"" standard, which makes the"
"described as a ""sideways figure eight"" is unrelated to the ""8"" glyph in origin; it is first used (in the mathematical meaning ""infinity"") in the 17th century, and it may be derived from the Roman numeral for ""one thousand"" CIƆ, or alternatively from the final Greek letter, ω. The numeral eight in Greek numerals, developed in Classical Greece by the 5th century BC, was written as Η, the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet. The Chinese numeral eight is written in two strokes, ; the glyph is also the 12th Kangxi radical. 8 8 (eight) is the natural number following"
"acrophonic numerals because all of the symbols used derive from the first letters of the words that the symbols represent: 'one', 'five', 'ten', 'hundred', 'thousand' and 'ten thousand'. See Greek numerals and acrophony. Roman numerals are a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in classical antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce the system we use today. It is based on certain letters which are given values as numerals. Roman numerals are commonly used today in numbered lists (in outline format), clockfaces, pages preceding the main body of a book,"
"do you speak ... úbi latrína est? – where is the toilet? ámo te / te ámo – I love you In ancient times, numbers in Latin were written only with letters. Today, the numbers can be written with the Arabic numbers as well as with Roman numerals. The numbers 1, 2 and 3 and every whole hundred from 200 to 900 are declined as nouns and adjectives, with some differences. The numbers from 4 to 100 often do not change their endings. ""Commentarii de Bello Gallico"", also called ""De Bello Gallico"" (""The Gallic War""), written by Gaius Julius Caesar,"
"The numeral system is called the Roman numeral system; and the collection of the elements, Roman numerals. The numbers 1, 2, 3 ... are Latin/Roman script numbers for the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. The letter was the western form of the Greek gamma, but it was used for the sounds and alike, possibly under the influence of Etruscan, which might have lacked any voiced plosives. Later, probably during the 3rd century BC, the letter – unneeded to write Latin properly – was replaced with the new letter , a modified with a small vertical stroke, which took its place in the"
"Roman numerals The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced in most contexts by the more convenient Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the"
"conflation of the decimal and a duodecimal systems of its constituent peoples), which was the origin of the numbering of modern degrees, minutes, and seconds. Supyire is said to have a base-80 system; it counts in twenties (with 5 and 10 as sub-bases) up to 80, then by eighties up to 400, and then by 400s (great scores). 799 [i.e. 400 + (4 x 80) + (3 x 20) + {10 + (5 + 4)}]’ English has derived numerals for multiples of its base (""fifty, sixty,"" etc), and some languages have simplex numerals for these, or even for numbers between"
"the letters of the alphabet in their conventional order from one to nine, 10 to 90 and 100 to 900; in this arrangement obsolete letters were retained in their original places so as to give the requisite number of 27 symbols. The Roman system of numerals — M, D, C, L, X, V, I (for 1,000, 500, 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1) is generally supposed to have arisen from the adaptation of those symbols in the Greek alphabet which the Romans did not want; an alternative theory is that it is simplified from a series of ideographs representing the"
"in October/November 1936. Centuria Centuria (Latin plural ""centuriae"") is a Latin term (from the stem ""centum"" meaning one hundred) denoting military units consisting of (originally) 100 men. The size of the century changed over time and from the first century B.C.E. throughout most of the empire the standard size of a century was 80 men. A ""centuria"" is also a Roman unit of land area corresponding to 100 ""heredia"". In the political context the ""centuria"" was the constituent voting unit in the assembly of the centuries (Latin ""comitia centuriata""), an old form of popular assembly in the Roman Republic, the"
"Sigma Sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word (when the word is not all caps), the final form (ς) is used, e.g. (Odysseus); note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end. The shape and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from Phoenician shin 𐤔 . The name of sigma, according to one hypothesis, may continue that of Phoenician Samekh."
". The latter symbol further evolved into , then , and eventually changed to under the influence of the Latin word ""mille"" ""thousand"". Alfred Hooper has an alternative hypothesis for the origin of the Roman numeral system, for small numbers. Hooper contends that the digits are related to hand gestures for counting. For example, the numbers , , , correspond to the number of fingers held up for another to see. , then represents that hand upright with fingers together and thumb apart. Numbers 6–10, are represented with two hands as follows (left hand, right hand) 6=(,), 7=(,), 8=(,), 9=(,),"
"different in this respect. In the French spoken in these places, 70 and 90 are ' and '. In Switzerland, depending on the local dialect, 80 can be ' (Geneva, Neuchâtel, Jura) or ' (Vaud, Valais, Fribourg). ""Octante"" had been used in Switzerland in the past, but is now considered archaic, while in the Aosta Valley 80 is """". In Belgium and in its former African colonies, however, ""quatre-vingts"" is universally used. French, like most European languages, uses a space to separate thousands. The comma is used in French numbers as a decimal point, i.e. ""2,5"" instead of ""2.5"". Notes"
"the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style. Sigma Sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς; ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. When used at the end of a word (when the word is not all caps), the final form (ς) is used, e.g. (Odysseus); note the two sigmas in the center of the name, and the word-final sigma at the end. The shape and alphabetic position of sigma is derived from Phoenician shin 𐤔 . The name"
"demonstrating all the basic standard syntactic elements of methods: The following examples illustrate the most common objects which can be written as literal values in Smalltalk-80 methods. Numbers. The following list illustrates some of the possibilities. The last two entries are a binary and a hexadecimal number, respectively. The number before the 'r' is the radix or base. The base does not have to be a power of two; for example 36rSMALLTALK is a valid number equal to 80738163270632 decimal. Characters are written by preceding them with a dollar sign: Strings are sequences of characters enclosed in single quotes: To"
"sigma form ς never occurs inside a word and is never used as a numeral either. Uppercase forms of stigma as a numeral (Ϛ) are rare in practice; when they occur, they can often be confused with uppercase forms of another numeral symbol, koppa (Ϟϟ), which stands for 90. Stigma is encoded in Unicode as ""Greek letter stigma"" U+03DA (Ϛ) and ""Greek small letter stigma"" U+03DB (ϛ). Stigma (letter) Stigma (ϛ) is a ligature of the Greek letters sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ), which was used in writing Greek between the Middle Ages and the 19th century. It is also"
"to for the smaller intervals. The sign "" | 17"" thus marks kilometre 17.9. A notable exception to the use of Roman numerals in Europe is in Greece, where Greek numerals (based on the Greek alphabet) are generally used in contexts where Roman numerals would be used elsewhere. The number zero does not have its own Roman numeral, but the word ""nulla"" (the Latin word meaning ""none"") was used by medieval scholars in lieu of 0. Dionysius Exiguus was known to use ""nulla"" alongside Roman numerals in 525. About 725, Bede or one of his colleagues used the letter N,"
"Pi (letter) Pi (; uppercase Π, lowercase π and ϖ; ) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the sound . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 80. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Pe (). Letters that arose from pi include Cyrillic Pe (П, п), Coptic pi (Ⲡ, ⲡ), and Gothic pairthra (𐍀). The upper-case letter Π is used as a symbol for: The lower-case letter π is used as a symbol for: An early form of pi was , appearing almost like a gamma with a hook. Variant pi or"