"result in positive feedback effectively amplifying the oscillation within the body of water supporting the ice beneath the vehicle. These are three-dimensional oscillations of forces which occur within a disturbed liquid and are usually observed as surface waves. There have been cases of destruction of ice by flexural gravity waves (FGW) produced by moving cars, trains on railway crossings, aircraft during takeoff and landing, etc. However, at present the most appropriate vehicles for implementation of the method are amphibious hovercraft, also known as air cushion vehicles (ACV). The primary means to break the ice cover is the icebreaker fleet. However,"
"Hovercraft A hovercraft, also known as an air-cushion vehicle or ACV, is an amphibious craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice, and other surfaces. Hovercraft use blowers to produce a large volume of air below the hull (air cushion) that is slightly above atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference between the higher pressure air below the hull and lower pressure ambient air above it produces lift, which causes the hull to float above the running surface. For stability reasons, the air is typically blown through slots or holes around the outside of a disk- or oval-shaped platform, giving most"
"Automated Transfer Vehicle The Automated Transfer Vehicle, originally Ariane Transfer Vehicle or ATV, was an expendable cargo spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) 1995–2007, used for space cargo transport in 2008–2014. The ATV design was launched to orbit five times, exclusively by the Ariane 5 heavy-lift launch vehicle. It functioned much like the Russian Progress cargo spacecraft for carrying upmass to a single destination—the International Space Station (ISS)—but with three times the capacity. The five ATVs were ""Jules Verne"", ""Johannes Kepler"", ""Edoardo Amaldi"", ""Albert Einstein"", and ""Georges Lemaître"". Following several delays to the programme, the first of these"
"the Recovery and Maintenance Vehicle. Amphibious Combat Vehicle The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is a program initiated by Marine Corps Systems Command to procure an amphibious assault vehicle for the United States Marine Corps to replace the aging Assault Amphibious Vehicle. The program replaces the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle program canceled in 2011. Originally a plan to develop a high-water-speed vehicle, the program has expanded into a multi-phased approach to procure and develop several types of amphibious-capable vehicles to address near and long-term requirements. The ACV should have countermeasures able to contend with a full range of direct fire, indirect fire,"
"Amphibious Combat Vehicle The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is a program initiated by Marine Corps Systems Command to procure an amphibious assault vehicle for the United States Marine Corps to replace the aging Assault Amphibious Vehicle. The program replaces the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle program canceled in 2011. Originally a plan to develop a high-water-speed vehicle, the program has expanded into a multi-phased approach to procure and develop several types of amphibious-capable vehicles to address near and long-term requirements. The ACV should have countermeasures able to contend with a full range of direct fire, indirect fire, and land mine threats. Visible"
"Assault Amphibious Vehicle The Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV)—official designation AAV-P7/A1 (formerly known as Landing Vehicle, Tracked, Personnel-7 abbr. LVTP-7)—is a fully tracked amphibious landing vehicle manufactured by U.S. Combat Systems (previously by United Defense, a former division of FMC Corporation). The AAV-P7/A1 is the current amphibious troop transport of the United States Marine Corps. It is used by U.S. Marine Corps Assault Amphibian Battalions to land the surface assault elements of the landing force and their equipment in a single lift from assault shipping during amphibious operations to inland objectives and to conduct mechanized operations and related combat support in"
"Assault Amphibious Vehicle The Assault Amphibious Vehicle (AAV)—official designation AAV-P7/A1 (formerly known as Landing Vehicle, Tracked, Personnel-7 abbr. LVTP-7)—is a fully tracked amphibious landing vehicle manufactured by U.S. Combat Systems (previously by United Defense, a former division of FMC Corporation). The AAV-P7/A1 is the current amphibious troop transport of the United States Marine Corps. It is used by U.S. Marine Corps Assault Amphibian Battalions to land the surface assault elements of the landing force and their equipment in a single lift from assault shipping during amphibious operations to inland objectives and to conduct mechanized operations and related combat support in"
"Compressed-air vehicle A compressed-air vehicle (CAV) is a transport mechanism fueled by tanks of pressurized atmospheric gas and propelled by the release and expansion of the gas within a Pneumatic motor. CAV's have found application in torpedoes, locomotives used in digging tunnels, and early prototype submarines. Potential environmental advantages have generated public interest in CAV's as passenger cars, but they have not been competitive due to the low energy density of compressed air and inefficiency of the compression / expansion process. Compressed-air propulsion may also be incorporated in hybrid systems, such as with battery electric propulsion. This kind of system"
"AEC Armoured Command Vehicle AEC Armoured Command Vehicle was a series of command vehicles built by the British Associated Equipment Company during the Second World War . During the Second World War, the United Kingdom was the only country to develop and widely employ purpose-built armoured command vehicles. Those were essentially armoured buses based on truck chassis. The most common ACV of the British Army was the AEC 4x4 ACV. The vehicle, based on AEC Matador chassis, entered production in 1941. A total of about 415 units were built. The vehicle was used for the first time in the North"
"Ground Mobility Vehicle (proposed vehicle) The Ground Mobility Vehicle (GMV) formerly known as the Ultra Light Combat Vehicle (ULCV), is a U.S. Army proposed airdroppable light off-road vehicle to improve the mobility of light infantry brigades. In March 2015, the Army changed the name of the ULCV to the Ground Mobility Vehicle. GMV is intended to be carried internally in a CH-47 Chinook or externally by a UH-60 Black Hawk. In order to be survivable but transportable, the GMV would be lightly armored and use speed, maneuverability, and off-road mobility to avoid major threats. The GMV is part of a"
"submerged rails through the shallow coastal waters of the English Channel between 1896 and 1901. An air-cushion vehicle (ACV) or hovercraft can travel over land or water supported by a cushion of air ejected downwards against the surface below it. In principle, a hovercraft can travel over any sufficiently smooth surface: solid, liquid, mixed, or anything in between. Large hovercraft, riding on an air-cushion contained by skirts several meters tall, can deal with obstacles 1 to 2 meters in height. The smallest personal hovercraft are nimble enough to follow some rolling of the terrain. One of the benefits of this"
"be placed on a set of motorized rollers (conveyor) and then pushed off by reversing them. AGVs are employed in nearly every industry, including pulp, paper, metals, newspaper, and general manufacturing. Transporting materials such as food, linen or medicine in hospitals is also done. An AGV can also be called a laser guided vehicle (LGV). In Germany the technology is also called ""Fahrerlose Transport system"" (FTS) and in Sweden ""förarlösa truckar"". Lower cost versions of AGVs are often called Automated Guided Carts (AGCs) and are usually guided by magnetic tape. AGCs are available in a variety of models and can"
"Combat Assault Vehicle CAV or Combat Assault Vehicle is a miniatures wargame by Reaper Miniatures. ""Combat Assault Vehicle"" is named after the war machines that walk the battlefields of the galaxy. The date is 2274 and the fragile peace the galaxy has known for the last 11 years has been shattered. The second Galaxy War has started and every galactic government is looking out for number one, damn the rest of the galaxy. Fueled by a decade of clandestine wars, secret agendas and unprecedented military preparation, the racial, religious and nationalistic governments across the galaxy have begun grabbing resources, nationalizing"
"All-terrain vehicle An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a quad, quad bike, three-wheeler, four-wheeler or quadricycle as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not street-legal within most states and provinces of Australia, the United States or Canada. By the current ANSI definition, ATVs are intended"
"roughly half of desired amphibious vehicle fleet size requirements. The last phase of ACV procurement would be purchasing a high-water-speed vehicle, but only if technologies make it achievable without sacrificing armor and weapons. The ACV 1.1 is to carry 10–13 Marines, have a swim capability similar to the AAV, and have equal or greater mobility to the M1 Abrams tank. Although tracks are traditionally considered better for all-terrain mobility, the Marines believe wheeled vehicle technology has advanced enough to enhance survivability and mobility in a 35-ton-class platform; the Marine Personnel Carrier technology demonstrator used ""in-line"" drive technology that enabled all"
"reached 17 tons. One hundred and fifty one units were built. Both vehicles were built in two configurations, called LP (Low Power) and HP (High Power), with different radio equipment. AEC Armoured Command Vehicle AEC Armoured Command Vehicle was a series of command vehicles built by the British Associated Equipment Company during the Second World War . During the Second World War, the United Kingdom was the only country to develop and widely employ purpose-built armoured command vehicles. Those were essentially armoured buses based on truck chassis. The most common ACV of the British Army was the AEC 4x4 ACV."
"Patrol Air Cushion Vehicle The Patrol Air Cushion Vehicle (PACV), also known as the Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV) in Army service, was a United States Navy and Army hovercraft used as a riverine patrol boat during the Vietnam War. Six hovercraft were built, three for the Army and three for the Navy. Two of the Army hovercraft were destroyed by the Viet Cong. The PACV was based on the Bell Aerosystems Bell SK-5 hovercraft; a licensed version of the British Saunders-Roe (later, British Hovercraft Corporation) SR.N5 hovercraft. The SK-5 was adapted for American military use in 1965. Three were purchased"
"mph), by Terry Wilmeth (USA), at the Madras, Airport in Madras, Oregon, USA, on 15 June 2008. All-terrain vehicle An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a quad, quad bike, three-wheeler, four-wheeler or quadricycle as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not street-legal within most states"
"subsequent mechanized operations ashore. It is also operated by other forces. Marines call them ""amtracks"", a shortening of their original designation, ""amphibious tractor"". In June 2018, the Marine Corps announced they had selected the BAE Systems/Iveco wheeled SuperAV for the Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) program to replace the AAV. The LVTP-7 was first introduced in 1972 as a replacement for the LVTP-5. In 1982, FMC was contracted to conduct the LVTP-7 Service Life Extension Program, which converted the LVT-7 vehicles to the improved AAV-7A1 vehicle by adding an improved engine, transmission, and weapons system and improving the overall maintainability of"
"Jules Verne ATV The ""Jules Verne"" ATV, or Automated Transfer Vehicle 001 (ATV-001), was an unmanned cargo resupply spacecraft launched by the European Space Agency (ESA). The ATV was named after the 19th-century French science-fiction author Jules Verne. It was launched on 9 March 2008 on a mission to supply the International Space Station (ISS) with propellant, water, air, and dry cargo. ""Jules Verne"" was the first of five ATVs to be launched. Because it was the first ATV to be launched, ""Jules Verne"" underwent three weeks of orbital testing before beginning its final rendezvous with the ISS. The spacecraft"
"can afford quickly to replace the AAV, which are around 40 years old. Phase 2 would include future science and technology developments like higher speeds. The Phase 1 ACV seems to be an improved AAV that will drive straight through water like its predecessors, while attempts to create a sea-skimming vehicle led to the ill-fated EFV. While a high-speed amphibious vehicle is believed to be feasible and affordable, there would be too many trade-offs in performance capabilities. The main purpose of the ACV is to move Marines from ship-to-shore, but after that they primarily fight on land, asserting the need"
"Armored Troop Carrier (LCM) Armored Troop Carriers (ATC), often called ""Tangos"" from the phonetic alphabet for ""T"", were LCM-6 landing crafts modified for riverine patrol missions. They were used by the Mobile Riverine Force of the United States Army and Navy in the Vietnam War. The troops of the 9th Infantry Division and used them more than other groups in the earlier parts of the war, but as they proved themselves they were deployed elsewhere. They were also used by South Vietnamese and Cambodian troops. Many were equipped with helicopter decks. They could be told from the LCM-6 by their"
"distinct from both 8-, 6-, and 4-wheeled APCs (such as the VAB), being closer in appearance to civilian armoured money transporters. Armoured personnel carrier An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured, military vehicles designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. They are sometimes referred to colloquially as 'battle taxis' or 'battle buses'. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world. According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, an APC is ""an armoured combat vehicle which is designed and equipped"
"Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) The Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) —or CVR(T)—is a family of armoured fighting vehicles (AFV)s in service with the British Army and others throughout the world. They are small, highly mobile, air-transportable armoured vehicles designed to replace the Alvis Saladin armoured car. Designed by Alvis in the 1960s, the CVR(T) family includes Scorpion and Scimitar light reconnaissance tanks, Spartan armoured personnel carriers (APC)s, Sultan command and control vehicle, Samaritan armoured ambulance, Striker anti–tank guided missile vehicle and Samson armoured recovery vehicle. All members of the CVR(T) family were designed to share common automotive components and suspension; aluminium"
"Airway pressure release ventilation Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation that utilizes an inverse ratio ventilation strategy. APRV is an applied continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that at a set timed interval releases the applied pressure. Depending on the ventilator manufacturer, it may be referred to as BiVent. This is just as appropriate to use, since the only difference is that the term APRV is copyrighted. Airway pressure release ventilation was described initially by Stock and Downs in 1987 as a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with an intermittent release phase. APRV begins"
"used to generate requirements for ACV 1.2, an enhanced capability version of the original vehicle with potentially greater speed or carrying capacity, and available in probable mission variants. The ACVs will mainly be deployed using naval connectors to get from ship to shore, as will JLTVs, which the Marines will begin buying 5,500 of in 2015 as part of their wheeled vehicle modernization strategy. ACV Phase 2 is a planning construct to develop a high-speed, independently deploying vehicle, but there are several other options including creating two vehicles, another wheeled or tracked vehicle, and another high-speed naval connector. If ACV"
"Redesignated AKV (air transport auxiliary), they were manned by a civilian crew and used to ferry whole aircraft and spare parts from the U.S. to Army, Air Force and Marine bases in South Vietnam. However, CVEs were useful in this role only for a limited period. Once all major aircraft were equipped with refueling probes, it became much easier to fly the aircraft directly to its base instead of shipping it overseas. The last chapter in the history of escort carriers consisted of two conversions: As an experiment, was converted from an aircraft carrier into a pure helicopter carrier (CVHA-1)"
"Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle An AAMV is an Aerodynamically Alleviated Marine Vehicle, a high speed marine vehicle configuration that uses aerodynamically generated forces (lift) to ‘alleviate’ its weight. The advantage is that the hydrodynamic lift requested to sustain the weight of the vehicle is diminished, leading to a diminished hydrodynamic drag. The vehicle is in constant contact with the water, therefore the aerodynamic surfaces operate in ground effect. The name derives from the '‘Aerodynamic Alleviation Concept’', presented by L.J. Doctors to illustrate the positive effect of using a wing-like superstructure on a catamaran configuration. In 1976, Shipps, among other air-supported"
"Propelling Control Vehicle A Propelling Control Vehicle (PCV) is a type of British railway carriage for carrying mail. They were converted from Class 307 driving trailers and have a cab at one end which allows slow-speed movement control. PCVs are unpowered but the controls allow mail trains to be reversed at low speed, using the power of the locomotive at the other end of the train. Similar BR Class 91 Driving Van Trailer (DVT) used on the ECML differ by being fully equipped for high-speed train control. Forty-two PCVs were converted by Hunslet-Barclay in Kilmarnock from 1994 to 1996. The"
"in this otherwise difficult terrain, especially during the monsoon season. The PACV could clear rice paddy dikes and other solid obstacles up to high and negotiate slopes of up to . The Navy withdrew the PACVs for overhaul in January 1967 and redeployed them to Vietnam in early 1968. Also in 1967, the Army began to deploy its version of the PACV, the ACV, to Vietnam. There were only three Navy PACVs, and three Army ACVs during the whole Vietnam War. Two of the three ACVs were Assault Air Cushion Vehicles (AACV), weapons-heavy vessels configured for attack missions, while the"
"Moving walkway A moving walkway or moving sidewalk (American English), also known as an autowalk or as in British English as a skywalk, horizontal escalator, travolator, travelator, or travellator, is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium distance. Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on them. They are often installed in pairs, one for each direction. The first moving walkway debuted at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It had two different divisions: one where passengers were seated, and"
"other was a Transport Air Cushion Vehicle (TACV) configured for logistics missions. Both AACVs were lost to Viet Cong attacks. The three Army ACVs were operated by the 39th Cavalry Platoon and were based out of Ben Luc, although they often deployed from fire support bases. The Green Berets stationed in Moc Hoa became proponents of the PACVs, using them in many of their early operations. Search and destroy raids conducted out of Moc Hoa in November 1966 caught the Viet Cong by surprise and resulted in many Viet Cong deaths. PACVs conducted many successful missions on the Mekong Delta,"
"mostly armoured personnel carriers (APCs). ARVs are usually built on the basis of a vehicle in the same class as they are supposed to recover; a tank-based ARV is used to recover tanks, while an APC-based one recovers APCs, but does not have the power to tow a much heavier tank. An armoured vehicle-launched bridge (AVLB) is a combat support vehicle, sometimes regarded as a subtype of combat engineering vehicle, designed to assist militaries in rapidly deploying tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles across rivers. The AVLB is usually a tracked vehicle converted from a tank chassis to carry a"