"of the ""Kalevala form,"" and ""Nordic folk music"" or ""pelimanni music"" (North Germanic ""spelman"", ""player of music""). The former is considered the older one. Its most important form is called ""runonlaulanta"" (""poem singing"", or chanting) which is traditionally performed in a trochaic tetrametre using only the first five notes on a scale. Making use of alliteration, this type of singing was used to tell stories about heroes like Väinämöinen, Lemminkäinen, and Kullervo. The songs were memorised, not written down, and performed by a soloist, or by a soloist and a chorus in antiphony (see: ""Kalevala""). The Vantaa Chamber Choir is"
"struggle of the Finnish people), Sibelius published a stand-alone version of the hymn as the last of twelve numbers in his ""Masonic Ritual Music"", Op. 113, with a text by opera singer Wäinö Sola. The version usually heard today has lyrics written by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi and was first performed in 1941. Sibelius himself arranged the hymn for choral performances. The ""de facto"" national anthem of Finland is ""Maamme (Our Land)"", but it has never been officially recognised. There have been numerous suggestions that the ""Finlandia Hymn"" should become the national anthem. However, ""Maamme"" is already so widely recognised and"
"""Finlandia"", first performed as part of the Press Celebration Music two weeks later. Sibelius conducted the first performance, the premiere. He used the choral theme again for children's choir a cappella, ""The Landscape Breathes"" (""Nejden andas""). After the first performance, Sibelius made a note about the composition, ""should be revised"", which he later did. The breaking of the ice is an annual event in some northern countries, releasing winter and ending immobility. The text for """" is a poem by Zachris Topelius, a Swedish-language Finnish poet. The poem lists many rivers besides the one in the title, summarizing Finland. He"
"under alternative names at various musical concerts. Titles under which the piece masqueraded were numerous—famous examples include ""Happy Feelings at the awakening of Finnish Spring,"" and ""A Scandinavian Choral March."" Most of the piece is taken up with rousing and turbulent music, evoking the national struggle of the Finnish people. Towards the end, a calm comes over the orchestra, and the serenely melodic ""Finlandia Hymn"" is heard. Often incorrectly cited as a traditional folk melody, the Hymn section is of Sibelius's own creation. Although he initially composed it for orchestra, in 1900 Sibelius arranged the work for solo piano. Sibelius"
"blatantly patriotic ""Song of the Athenians"" for boys' and men's choirs. The song immediately brought Sibelius the status of a national hero. Another patriotic work followed on 4 November in the form of eight tableaux depicting episodes from Finnish history known as the ""Press Celebration Music"". It had been written in support of the staff of the ""Päivälehti"" newspaper, which had been suspended for a period after editorially criticizing Russian rule. The last tableau, ""Finland Awakens"", was particularly popular; after minor revisions, it became the well-known ""Finlandia"". In February 1900, Sibelius and his wife were deeply saddened by the death"
"growing tremor in his hands, Sibelius composed the ""Hymn of the Earth"" to a text by the poet Eino Leino for the Suomen Laulu Choir and orchestrated his ""Valse lyrique"", helped along by drinking wine. On his birthday in December 1920, Sibelius received a donation of 63,000 marks, a substantial sum the tenor had raised from Finnish businesses. Although he used some of the money to reduce his debts, he also spent a week celebrating to excess in Helsinki. Sibelius enjoyed a highly successful trip to England in early 1921—conducting several concerts around the country, including the Fourth and Fifth"
"most basic principles—the symphony's traditional claims of weight, musical abstraction, gravitas and formal dialogue with seminal works of the past; and the tone poem's structural innovation and spontaneity, identifiable poetic content and inventive sonority. However, the stylistic distinction between symphony, ""fantasy"" and tone poem in Sibelius's late works becomes blurred since ideas first sketched for one piece ended up in another. One of Sibelius's greatest works, Finlandia, focuses on Finnish independence. He wrote it in 1901 and added choral lyrics - the Finlandia Hymn by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi - to the central part after Finland became independent. The symphonic poem"
"Finlandia hymn The ""Finlandia"" hymn () refers to a serene hymn-like section of the patriotic symphonic poem ""Finlandia"", written in 1899 and 1900 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. It was later re-worked by the composer into a stand-alone piece. With words written in 1941 by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi, the ""Finlandia"" hymn is one of the most important national songs of Finland (though ""Maamme"" is the de facto national anthem). Other words commonly sung to the same melody include at least six Christian hymns including ""Be still, my soul""; ""I sought the Lord""; ""We rest on Thee""; ""A Christian Home"";"
"a melodrama, cantata and choir suite. It begins and ends with recitation for the narrator, accented by brass chords. The center of the work is a dramatic chorus, often in unison and accompanied by a symphony orchestra. It as been considered as a test piece for ""Finlandia"" in terms of accessibility and some effects of orchestration. Islossningen i Uleå älv Sibelius composed "" in a political context. Most of what is now Finland had been part of Sweden until Russia won the territory in the Finnish War and ruled it as a Grand Duchy. It was first autonomous in terms"
"sports and rowing competitions became favorite attractions, and all the festivals began with speeches. When independence came, the schools were redesigned to instill Finnish nationalism. Jokela and Linkola (2013) examined the photographs in Finnish geography textbooks and tourist guides in the 1920s and conclude they were an integral part of the everyday teaching of nationalism. Finnish writers, intellectuals and academics saw themselves as part of the authoritative system or ""state idea"" that represented the entire national territory. In the days of Russian rule, music and opera became vehicles for the expression of nationalism. Jean Sibelius (1865–1957) especially used traditional Finnish"
"study poetry singers in Karelia and continued his rise as the first prominent Finnish musician. In 1899 he composed Finlandia, which played its important role in Finland gaining independence. He remains one of Finland's most popular national figures and is a symbol of the nation. Alongside Sibelius, the national romanticism sprouted a number of composers who all contributed in the formation of a distinct Finnish style of music. Heino Kaski was a composer of small chamber music pieces, Erkki Melartin's vast output includes six symphonies, Yrjö Kilpinen composed a vast number of solo songs, as well as Leevi Madetoja, Toivo"
"songs and sacred kantele as a gift to his noble people. Epilogue The poem ends with a sung farewell by the singers. Kalevala (synopses) The Kalevala is considered the national epic of Finland. It was compiled and edited by Elias Lönnrot while he was a district health officer in eastern Finland, at that time under the governance of Russia. The poem consists of 50 ""runos"" or cantos and 22,795 lines of poetry. The poem tells the story of a people, from the very beginning of the world to the introduction of Christianity. The Kalevala has been translated into about 48"
"the humanist call:<br> To give and not to count the cost’ each day;<br> Bless those who rule to serve with resoluteness,<br> To make this clime a land of righteousness.<br> Land of the Rising Sun (anthem) ""Land of the Rising Sun"" was the proclaimed national anthem of the secessionist African state of Biafra, in south-eastern Nigeria. The tune was adopted from Sibelius' ""Finlandia"", and written by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Land of the rising sun, we love and cherish,<br> Beloved homeland of our brave heroes;<br> We must defend our lives or we shall perish,<br> We shall protect our lives from all our foes;<br>"
"national epic of Finland and its heroic songs, with a view to solving the problem whether an epic could be composed by the interweaving of such national songs. He comes to a negative conclusion, and applies this reasoning to the Homeric problem. He treats this question again in a treatise on the so-called Peisistratean edition of Homer (""La Commissione omerica di Pisistrato"", 1881). His ""Researches concerning the Book of Sindibad"" were translated in the ""Proceedings of the Folk-Lore Society"". His ""Vergil in the Middle Ages"" (translated into English by E. F. M. Benecke, 1895) traces the strange vicissitudes by which"
"Kalevala (synopses) The Kalevala is considered the national epic of Finland. It was compiled and edited by Elias Lönnrot while he was a district health officer in eastern Finland, at that time under the governance of Russia. The poem consists of 50 ""runos"" or cantos and 22,795 lines of poetry. The poem tells the story of a people, from the very beginning of the world to the introduction of Christianity. The Kalevala has been translated into about 48 languages and has been an important cultural inspiration for the Finnish people for many years. For more information on the Kalevala see"
"and composer Georg Kajanus, who was famous for a while in Great Britain with his band Sailor which enjoyed chart success in the mid-1970s. Kajanus composed over 200 works, of which ""Aino"" and the ""Finnish Rhapsodies"" are enduringly popular. He also orchestrated the Finnish national anthem, ""Maamme"" (""Our Country"") and Christian Fredric Kress's ""Porilaisten marssi"" (""March of the People of Pori""), the honor march of the ""Suomen puolustusvoimat"" (Finnish Defense Forces) and thus, effectively, the Finnish presidential march. Kajanus had a decisive impact upon the development of the career of Jean Sibelius. He was considered an authority on the interpretation"
"balladic stories. A female protagonist appeals to her compatriots, in particular a hero, to fight for freedom as a higher goal than fortune, fame and pleasure. Sibelius was inspired by several works by Rydberg, including solo songs and ""Skogsrået"" (The Wood Nymph). He liked Rydberg's free verse, expressing both erotic and political ideas. The heroic element possibly appealed to his own battles ""with everybody and everything"". Sibelius chose dramatic scenes from the poem, such as Snöfrid's ""If you choose me, then you choose the tempest."" The instrumental prelude depicts a storm at night, with whining strings, howling brass, thundering percussion,"
"language version but these ceased by the 1930s. Some Finns have proposed that the Finnish national anthem be changed to ""Finlandia"" by Jean Sibelius, with lyrics by V.A. Koskenniemi (Finnish) and Joel Rundt (Swedish). There are also those who simply prefer ""Finlandia"" as a musical piece, although critics claim that it is difficult to sing. It is said that Pacius composed the tune in four days. It was popular throughout the 19th century, but established as national anthem only after Pacius' death. The melody of ""Maamme"" has similarities with the German drinking song ""Papst und Sultan"". Many believe that Fredrik"
"symphonic tone poem by Jean Sibelius. The Finnish metal band Sentenced used the frozen land of Pohjola as inspiration for the albums ""Journey to Pohjola"" and ""North from Here"" released in 1992 and 1993. ""Pohjola"" is also the name of a song on an album Unsung Heroes by a Finnish folk metal band Ensiferum. The lyrics are based on a poem by 19th century freiherr and politician Yrjö Koskinen. The Finnish folk metal band Moonsorrow has a song entitled ""Taistelu Pohjolasta"" (""The Battle for Pohjola""). Two different versions of it appear on their 1999 demo ""Tämä ikuinen talvi"" (""This Eternal"
"In the webcomic ""Axis Powers Hetalia"", the character of Finland was given the human name Tino Väinämöinen. Väinämöinen Väinämöinen () is a demigod, hero and the central character in Finnish folklore and the main character in the national epic ""Kalevala"". His name comes from the Finnish word ""väinä,"" meaning ""stream pool."" Väinämöinen was described as an old and wise man, and he possessed a potent, magical voice. The first extant mention of Väinämöinen in literature is in a list of Tavastian gods by Mikael Agricola in 1551. He and other writers described Väinämöinen as the god of chants, songs and"
"Finland has been tumultuous. During much of recorded history the language of the government was different from that of the majority of the population. This had a strong influence on 'Finnish literature' with many of the greatest works revolving around achieving or maintaining a strong Finnish identity. The most famous collection of folk poetry is by far the Kalevala. Referred to as the Finnish ""national epic"" it is mainly credited to Elias Lönnrot although he worked more as an editor and compiler. It was first published in 1835 and quickly became a symbol of Finnish nationalism. The first novel published"
"Ahti In Finnish mythology, Ahti is a heroic character of Finnish Folk poetry. Sometimes given in folk poetry the epithet of Saarelainen (""the Islander""). Ahto is also a finnish sea god. The connection between the heroic and godly ""Ahti"" and ""Ahto"", if any, is unclear. In the Kalevala the compiler Lonnrot conflated several mythological persons into the main characters in a attempt to create a consistent narrative in the compilation of multiple songs; - the heroic figures ""Kaukomiele"" and ""Ahti"" are both condensed into ""Lemminkainen"" in the work; Ahti's story is of a man so eager to fight he abandons"
"dedicated it to Tsar Alexander II, thus protecting it from censorship. Sibelius, like the poet, interpreted the frozen river as a symbol of the Russian oppression, and the breaking of the ice as an image of freedom. Sibelius confirmed the underlying meaning of the music when he programmed its premiere to be followed by ""Song of the Athenians"", a song for freedom first performed half a year earlier and held high by Finnish nationalists. The composition is subtitled ""improvisation for narrator, men's chorus and orchestra"". The subtitle is Sibelius' own description of the work, it has otherwise been described as"
"Sibelius loved nature, and the Finnish landscape often served as material for his music. He once said of his Sixth Symphony, ""[It] always reminds me of the scent of the first snow."" The forests surrounding Ainola are often said to have inspired his composition of Tapiola. On the subject of Sibelius's ties to nature, his biographer, Tawaststjerna, wrote: Even by Nordic standards, Sibelius responded with exceptional intensity to the moods of nature and the changes in the seasons: he scanned the skies with his binoculars for the geese flying over the lake ice, listened to the screech of the cranes,"
"from Central Europe but quite a few seem to have been written in Nordic countries. In 1625 the collection was re-published with 13 further songs. Later versions of this collection were compiled by Finns Henricus Fattbuur and Mathias Tolia. A Finnish translation of ""Piae Cantiones"" (1616) was done by Hemminki of Masku, who earlier (1605) had published a remarkable Finnish hymnal. The songs of ""Piae Cantiones"" were popular in Finnish schools until the 19th century but fell gradually into disuse. However, a newly awakened interest in this old music has made them quite popular and they belong to the standard"
"""A Summer's Day in Kangasala"". Later Gabriel Linsén composed a melody for the poem. From 1995 the melody has been the provincial hymn of the Pirkanmaa region, and isone of the most widely known Finnish melodies. Since Topelius's times the Finnish national landscape has often been experienced just like in his depiction: with wild, dark forests and lakes with silver-glistening surfaces reflecting a blue, fluffy-clouded sky. The landscapes of Kangasala impressed other Finnish authors than Topelius. Even before Topelius the natural environment of the region was admired by poets like Frans Mikael Franzén, Johan Jakob Nervander, Emil von Qvanten and"
"- on earth, sea, sky, and the underworld - to allow the hero or heroine to overcome the challenges faced. After the ordeal, the protagonists - through an increase or improvement of his or her qualities, becomes the ideal man or woman. E. Arsenio Manuel defines heroic narratives in verse as ""folk epics"" or ""ethnographics"" and describes common characteristics to them: Within folk epic poems, common themes can be observed. Epics are generally sung during folk festal and recreational gatherings such as weddings, baptisms, wakes, prestige rites, peace agreements, and the like. They are sung primarily as entertainment, to enjoy"
"Väinämöinen Väinämöinen () is a demigod, hero and the central character in Finnish folklore and the main character in the national epic ""Kalevala"". His name comes from the Finnish word ""väinä,"" meaning ""stream pool."" Väinämöinen was described as an old and wise man, and he possessed a potent, magical voice. The first extant mention of Väinämöinen in literature is in a list of Tavastian gods by Mikael Agricola in 1551. He and other writers described Väinämöinen as the god of chants, songs and poetry; in many stories Väinämöinen was the central figure at the birth of the world. The Finnish"
"later reworked the ""Finlandia Hymn"" into a stand-alone piece. This hymn, with words written in 1941 by Veikko Antero Koskenniemi, is one of the most important national songs of Finland. Today, during modern performances of the full-length ""Finlandia"", a chorus is sometimes involved, singing the lyrics with the hymn section. With different words, it is also sung as a Christian hymn (""Be Still, My Soul"", ""Hail, Festal Day"", in Italian evangelical churches: Veglia al mattino), and was the national anthem of the short-lived African state of Biafra (""Land of the Rising Sun""). In Wales the tune is used for Lewis"
"älskade Nord! Och när du går bort under himmelens bryn, välsigna min fädernejord! I blommande vårar på gyllene strand, var finnes ett land som mitt fädernesland? För dig vill jag sjunga om kärlek och vår, så länge din Sylvias hjärta slår.</poem> An English version on luminarium.org Sylvian Joululaulu Sylvian Joululaulu (Swedish: ""Sylvias hälsning från Sicilien""), ""Sylvia's Christmas Song"", is a poem by Zachris Topelius from 1853, which was composed to a christmas carol by Karl Collan. The poem has been translated to Finnish by both Elina Vaara and Martti Korpilahti, and the latter one from 1918 is one of the"
"segregation of musical tastes"" and that the ""purpose was to write music that was to be heard"" . During the Romantic period, music often took on a much more nationalistic purpose. For example, Jean Sibelius' ""Finlandia"" has been interpreted to represent the rising nation of Finland, which would someday gain independence from Russian control . Frédéric Chopin was one of the first composers to incorporate nationalistic elements into his compositions. Joseph Machlis states, ""Poland's struggle for freedom from tsarist rule aroused the national poet in Poland. … Examples of musical nationalism abound in the output of the romantic era. The"
"is played in radio or television every time a Finnish athlete wins a gold medal in Olympic games. It is also played on Christmas Eve during the Declaration of Christmas Peace ceremony, which has caused minor controversy due to the violent lyrics of the march, even though the lyrics are not sung on the occasion. As Finland and Estonia share not just language but also military tradition, it is also the Estonian Defence Forces' official honorary march, played for the Commander in Chief of the Estonian Defense Forces, its commander in chief under constitutional provisions. Translation by Paavo Cajander, 1889."
"designed by Hiltunen, is located at the grounds of the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City. In 1939, the Leo and Regina Wainstein Foundation organised a competition for sculptors to design a work that depicted a scene from Finland's national epic, ""The Kalevala"", which would be erected in the park. The winner was (1889–1980) and his entry ""Ilmatar and the Scaup"", a bronze work that was unveiled in 1946. Sibelius Monument (Helsinki) The Sibelius Monument (; ) by Eila Hiltunen is dedicated to the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius (1865–1957). The monument is located at the Sibelius Park"