"the advantage. Black ultimately reached an endgame two pawns up, but White managed to hold a draw in 83 moves. Tal himself lost a famous game as White from a symmetrical position in Tal–Beliavsky, USSR Championship 1974. In chess tournaments and matches, the frequency with which each player receives white and black is an important consideration. In matches, the players' colors in the first game are determined by drawing lots, and alternated thereafter. In round robin tournaments with an odd number of players, each player receives an equal number of whites and blacks; with an even number of players, each"
"increasing as the standard of play improves. White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as ""White"" and the player who moves second is referred to as ""Black"". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, ""the white pieces"" and ""the black pieces"". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as ""white squares"" or ""light squares"" on the one hand,"
"White and Black in chess In chess, the player who moves first is referred to as ""White"" and the player who moves second is referred to as ""Black"". Similarly, the pieces that each conducts are called, respectively, ""the white pieces"" and ""the black pieces"". The pieces are often not literally white and black, but some other colors (usually a light color and a dark color, respectively). The 64 squares of the chessboard, which is colored in a checkered pattern, are likewise referred to as ""white squares"" or ""light squares"" on the one hand, and ""black squares"" or ""dark squares"" on"
"and faces forward, toward the opposing side. This shows who controls the piece during play. Each side places his pieces in the positions shown below, pointing toward the opponent. That is, the first rank is or Two players alternate in making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by"
"pieces are not differentiated by color; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece, thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the ""promotion zone"", or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Two players, Black and White (or 先手 ""sente"" and 後手 ""gote""),"
"an enemy king wins the game. At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has a white (or light) colored square at his lower, right-hand side. The pieces are arranged the same way for each game: the queen goes to the left of the player's king, next are the bishops, then knights, then rooks in the corners. The second row () is filled with pawns. Players choose colors by any agreed method. White moves first, followed by Green, then Black, then White again, in a counterclockwise direction. Play continues to alternate in this"
"rules were most recently revised in 2017. Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ' and denoted with numbers ""1"" to ""8"") and eight columns (called ' and denoted with letters ""a"" to ""h""). The colors of the 64 squares alternate and are referred to as ""light"" and ""dark"" squares. The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right-hand end of the rank nearest to each player. By convention, the game pieces are divided into white and black sets, and the players are referred to as ""White"" and ""Black"" respectively. Each player begins the"
"traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece, thus capturing that piece; and optionally of promoting the moving piece, if the move enters the ""promotion zone"" (that is, it starts outside the promotion zone and ends inside it), or if it is a capture and any part of it is in the promotion zone. Each of these options is detailed"
"game with 16 pieces of the specified color, which consist of one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. The pieces are set out as shown in the diagram and photo, with each queen on a square of its own color, the white queen on a light square and the black queen on a dark. The player with the white pieces always moves first. After the first move, players alternately move one piece per turn (except for castling, when two pieces are moved). Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square or one occupied by"
"Monochromatic chess Monochromatic chess is a chess variant with unknown origin. The initial board position and all rules are the same as in regular chess, except that pieces that begin on a black square must always stay on a black square and pieces that begin on a white square must always stay on a white square. This would mean that knights can never move, but ""The Classified Encyclopedia of Chess Variants"" says that knights make a double jump. It has been suggested that a knight be replaced with a (3,1)-leaper. If knights are allowed to move (or are captured, clearing"
"closest to each player's right is white . The player controlling the white pieces is named ""White""; the player controlling the black pieces is named ""Black"". White moves first, then players alternate moves. Making a move is required; it is not legal to skip a move, even when having to move is detrimental. Play continues until a king is checkmated, a player resigns, or a draw is declared, as explained below. In addition, if the game is being played under a time control players who exceed their time limit lose the game. The official chess rules do not include a"
"or captured on the next move. Unlike standard shogi, pieces may not be dropped back into play after capture. Two players alternate making a move, with Black moving first. (The pieces are not differentiated by color, but rather by facing of the pieces, with the ""sharp"" end pointed at the opponent; the traditional chess terms ""Black"" and ""White"" are only used to indicate who plays first, and to differentiate the sides during discussions of the game.) A ""move"" consists of moving a piece either to an empty square on the board or to a square occupied by an opposing piece,"
"is under attack, or a stalemate (a draw) if the king is not. Each chess piece has its own way of moving. In the diagrams, the dots mark the squares where the piece can move if there are no intervening piece(s) of either color. Once in every game, each king is allowed to make a special move, known as ""castling"". Castling consists of moving the king two squares along the first rank toward a rook (which is on the player's first rank) and then placing the rook on the last square that the king has just crossed. Castling is permissible"
"to that, it had gradually become conventional, over a number of years, to have White move first in published analysis, and by about 1862 to have White move first in all published games. But it was evident that players could in many cases choose Black when they had the first move, even if the published game-score indicated that White had moved first. Three years after the example cited by McCrary, the ""Revised International Chess Code"" issued at the London 1883 tournament (one of the strongest in history) provided that the player who won by lot the right to move first"
"White places all his counters first, followed by Black; or one per turn if the players prefer.) After all counters have been placed, White moves any one of his counters as a regular chess piece of his choosing, then immediately replaces that counter with the corresponding chess piece. Black does similarly on his turn. These ""moves of identification"" obey the following rules: After each player has identified one chess piece, on subsequent turns players may choose to identify an additional piece from those still in-hand, or move one of their chess pieces already on the board. Chess pieces move, capture,"
"first. (The traditional terms 'black' and 'white' are used to differentiate the sides during discussion of the game, though the pieces are all the same color.) A move consists of moving a piece on the board and potentially ""promoting"" the piece. Each of these options is detailed below. Most pieces in the game move in a unique manner. The kings, drunken elephants, blind tigers, ferocious leopards, reclining dragons, Chinese cocks, old monkeys, evil wolves, generals, angry boars, cat swords, coiled serpents, dark spirits, Devas, go betweens and pawns only move one square at a time. If an opponent's piece occupies"
"left to right. The pieces are placed so that from left to right the following numbers appear face up: 5 1 2 6 1 6 2 1 5, with the ""key piece"" (equivalent to the king in chess, which has a ""1"" on each face) appearing in the middle and the 3s facing towards the controlling player. To ensure true fairness, each die should be of the same chirality. Players take turns moving one piece the number of squares shown on the outermost face (at the start of that move) by ""rolling"" it along the direction of travel such that"
"each turn, with the number rolled indicating the number of moves to be played. The maximum number of moves that can be played is usually four, so a roll of a four, five, or six allows the player to make four moves. A third form of the game uses two dice of contrasting colors, with one determining the piece that can move, and the other the number of moves that the piece makes. Anne Sunnucks writes that there is evidence from the literature of the period that dice were used to play chess in Europe between the 11th and 14th"
"Black and 俥 for Red in sets marked with Traditional Chinese characters and 车 for both Black and Red in sets marked with Simplified Chinese characters. Some traditional sets use 車 for both colours. In the context of Chinese Chess, all of these characters are pronounced as (instead of the common pronunciation ""chē""). The chariot moves and captures any distance orthogonally, but may not jump over intervening pieces. The chariots begin the game on the points at the corners of the board. The chariot is often considered to be the strongest piece in the game due to its freedom of"
"chess. Instead of moving, a player can take one of their own pieces from the board and put it into the pocket, provided that the pocket is empty. If the piece is placed into the pocket from the last rank, it gets promoted to a piece of higher class. Otherwise the player has an option to mutate the piece into a different piece of the same class. The choice of mutating (or not) must be made at the time the piece is removed. White cannot use the pocket on the first move. The king cannot be placed into the pocket."
"game continues in this manner until all the reds are potted and only the six colours are left on the table. At this point the colours must be potted in the order from least to most valuable ball – that is, yellow first (two points), then green (three points), brown (four points), blue (five points), pink (six points) and finally black (seven points), the balls not being returned to play. When the final ball is potted, the player with more points wins. If the scores are equal when all the balls have been potted, the black is placed back on"
"ranked player, conceals a soldier from each side in their hands. The opponent selects a hand to determine their colour. After that, Han places their pieces first, followed by Cho placing theirs. (The reason both sides are not placed simultaneously is because the positions of horse and elephant can be transposed, giving some strategical advantage to the player who places last.) After the pieces are set up, Cho moves first. The game is won by checkmating the opposing general. This is called ""Woetong"" (외통). In Western chess, stalemate is achieved when no legal moves are possible. However, the stalemate is"
"xiangqi article. The 32 pieces are shuffled and randomly allocated face-down to squares on the board. The pieces, as in Western chess, are placed inside the squares, rather than on the intersections as in Chinese chess. The first player turns up a piece to begin the game. The color of that first uncovered piece is the color he or she will play in the game. The second player then makes a move, and the two alternate until the game is finished. The game ends when a player cannot move, and that player is the loser. Most often, the game is"
"Qh4+ 130.Kg7 Qg3+ 131.Kf8 Qd6+ 132.Qe7 Qh6+ 133.Qgg7 Qf4+ 134.Qgf7 Qb8+ and the position on the right is reached. Then the cross-check 135.Qee8+ (or Qfe8+) forks the king and queen, forces an exchange, and wins the game. Cross-checks are relatively infrequent in actual play, but are popular in chess problems since they make for a relatively unobvious solution. In the problem shown to the right, White is to move and mate in two moves against any defence. It is by G.F. Anderson and was first published in ""Il Secolo"" in 1919. The key 1.Kd6, threatening 2.Qb7#, gives the black king"
"chess variant shown on the diagram. The first player wins easily in this game (1. axb3+ Qxb3 2. cxb3+ Kxb3 (or 2...Kb4 3. bxc3 checkmate) 3. bxa3+ Kc4 4. Qa2 checkmate), so Silverman proposed a variant: Black can select a pawn, and White must make a first move with this pawn. However, in this case Black wins even more easily (select pawn b2, 1.bxa3 (or 1.bxc3) b2+ 2. Qxb2 Qxb2 checkmate). To make the variant more playable, Silverman finally proposed to insert a row between pawns and use the board 4×5. In this variant pawns can do double-move if target"
"procedure for determining who plays White. Instead, this decision is left open to tournament-specific rules (e.g. a Swiss system tournament or Round-robin tournament) or, in the case of non-competitive play, mutual agreement, in which case some kind of random choice is often employed. A common method is for one player to conceal a piece (usually a pawn) of each color in either hand; the other player chooses a hand to open, and receives the color of the piece that is revealed. Each type of chess piece has its own method of movement. A piece moves to a vacant square except"
"or add (extra time being added prior or after the move) to their time controls. Before the start of the game, either the arbiter decides, or whomever is playing Black, where the chess clock is placed. The rules of chess have evolved much over the centuries from the early chess-like games played in India in the 6th century. For much of that time the rules have varied from area to area. The modern rules first took form in Italy during the 13th century, giving more mobility to pieces that previously had more restricted movement (such as the queen and bishop)."
"game is drawn . If the white king moves to the fifth , Black takes the opposition. (See Opposition (chess)#Example for more details of this game.) In a position with a blocked pair of pawns (opposing pawns on the same , the key squares for a player's king extend for three files on either side of the opponent's pawn. In this position, the first king to reach one of his key squares will win the opponent's pawn and protect his own. Even though the white king is farther away from the pawns, White wins if he moves first: The white"
"21...Bd7/Be6/Nf6 [then] 22.Qg8/Re8/Qh8#.) Rule modifications have sprouted a number of variations of Alice Chess. The black army starts out on the opposite board (board B). ""Null"" or ""zero"" moves are permitted. (A move consisting of piece transfer only – from the current square a piece sits on, to the corresponding square, if vacant, on the opposite board.) A king cannot escape check with a zero move, and castling is denied if either king or rook have made a zero move. By John Ishkan (1973). Alice Chess rules, except that a move is permitted even though the square normally transferred to"
"are restricted to straight forward or diagonally forward directions. (Sideways or backwards is not permitted.) Pawns do not promote. The game is won by checkmating or stalemating the opponent. Also known as Half-Queen's Chess, the game introduces two additional pawns and two new pieces per side, the ""ugly-named Biok and Roshop"". The Biok makes non-capturing moves like a bishop, and captures like a rook. The Roshop makes non-capturing moves like a rook, and captures like a bishop. As a result, the Roshop ""has the great advantage of being able to change from one colour system of squares to the other"
"had the choice of color. In 1889 Wilhelm Steinitz, the first World Champion, wrote that ""In all international and public Chess matches and tournaments ... it is the rule for the first player to have the white men"". Emanuel Lasker, the second World Champion, stated in ""Lasker's Manual of Chess"" (first published in 1927) that ""White makes the first move"". There has been a debate among chess players since at least 1846 about whether playing first gives White a significant advantage. Statistical analysis shows that White scores between 52 and 56 percent at most levels of play, with White's margin"
"by then), play proceeds with each player moving one of their pieces per turn. A piece may move to any vacant point on the board, not just an adjacent one. According to ""A History of Chess"", there is an alternative version in which pieces may not move to any vacant point, but only to any ""adjacent"" linked empty position, i.e. from a corner to the middle of an adjacent edge, from the middle of an edge to the center or an adjacent corner, or from the center to the middle of an edge. H. J. R. Murray calls the first"
"first rank is |L|N|S|G|K|G|S|N|L|. The players alternate making a move, with Black moving first. (The traditional terms 'Black' and 'White' are used to differentiate the sides during discussion of the game, but are not literally descriptive.) A move consists of moving a single piece on the board and potentially ""promoting"" that piece, displacing (""capturing"") an opposing piece or ""dropping"" a captured piece onto an empty square of the board. Each of these options is detailed below. An opposing piece is captured by ""displacement"": That is, if a piece moves to a square occupied by an opposing piece, the opposing piece"