"hundred wood and lead types. There are four fully operational type-setting machines: a Typograph, two Intertypes and a Linotype, all over a hundred years old. The Museum contains a large collection of priting types, displacing a fraction of its large collections of type cases for different font sizes from small lead and types including large carved pear-wood type, as well as composing tools and composing sticks. The Printing Room houses a collection from the Eickhoff factory in Copenhagen which was active from the 1890s until the mid-20th century. Esbjerg Printing Museum The Esbjerg Printing Museum () is located in the"
"Stocking frame A stocking frame was a mechanical knitting machine used in the textiles industry. It was invented by William Lee of Calverton near Nottingham in 1589. Its use, known traditionally as framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry, and played an important part in the early history of the Industrial Revolution. It was adapted to knit cotton and to do ribbing, and by 1800 had been adapted as a lace making machine. Lee's machine consisted of a stout wooden frame. It did straight knitting, not tubular knitting. It had a separate needle"
"more flexible result. Some understanding of what each ingredient is doing helps when adjusting the basic recipe: Composition is widely accepted to have been developed by Thomas Jackson in London around the late 18th century. His son, George Jackson, continued the business. His company, George Jackson, still trades today and supplies composition ornament made to the original methods and recipe. Composition ornament Composition ornament (""Compo"") is a mouldable resin worked either by hand or more usually pressed into moulds to produce decorative work. It's now most commonly seen as part of gilded picture frames, but was in use for many"
"Frame and panel Frame and panel construction, also called rail and stile, is a woodworking technique often used in the making of doors, wainscoting, and other decorative features for cabinets, furniture, and homes. The basic idea is to capture a 'floating' panel within a sturdy frame, as opposed to techniques used in making a slab solid wood cabinet door or drawer front, the door is constructed of several solid wood pieces running in a vertical or horizontal direction with exposed endgrains. Usually, the panel is not glued to the frame but is left to 'float' within it so that seasonal"
"obtain music accessories that are needed throughout a rehearsal or show (e.g., pencils, rosin for string players, picks for guitar players, reeds for reed players, valve oil for brass players, a tuning key for percussionists, etc.) Musicians may also have expensive non-folding stands in their homes or music studios made of wood or metal. These stands are not designs that are meant to be relocated. Due to their weight and/or their delicate finishes, they are intended to be used in a single location, such as a private home. Some heavy stands are made of carved wood and feature bas relief"
"width of a standard column, when newspapers were still composed by hand. The compositor takes the pieces of type from the ""boxes"" (compartments) of the type case and places them in the composing stick, working from left to right and placing the letters upside-down with the ""nick"" to the top. Early composing sticks were made of wood, but later iron, brass, steel, aluminium, pewter and other metals were used. Wooden composing sticks continued to be made in large sizes into the nineteenth century, for setting wood letter and other large sizes of type for display. In the industrial age, composing"
"built furniture out of frame-and-panel construction, a refined version of the techniques that were also used to frame up doors and for the panelling of rooms, while a ""cabinet-maker"" built furniture with flush surfaces suitable for veneers or marquetry, assembled using dovetails. The two trades were quite distinct, and for the fitting out of Royal Navy ships the services of a joiner would have been much more appropriate. Pepys' diary records that he used Sympson's services on several occasions to work on improvements for his office and his home in Seething Lane, London. For example, on 14 August 1668 he"
"someone who makes barrels: wooden staved vessels of a conical form, of greater length than breadth. A scenic carpenter builds and dismantles temporary scenery and sets in film-making, television, and the theater. A framer is a carpenter who builds the skeletal structure or wooden framework of buildings, most often in the platform framing method. Historically, balloon framing was used until the 1950s when fire safety concerns made platform framing inherently better. A carpenter who specializes in building with timbers rather than studs is known as a timber framer and does traditional timber framing with wooden joints, including mortise-and-tenon joinery, post"
"of custom-fit bicycle frames, and among amateur framebuilders, since it is one of the simplest methods of constructing a bicycle frame by hand in a small workshop. Despite the fact that lugged steel frames are no longer mass-produced, frames are still available. There is a trade of used bicycles in North America, especially in large cities and college towns. Because of their durable construction, many lugged steel frames from the 1980s, 1970s, and earlier remain in usable condition. Japanese- and French-made frames from the bike boom are particularly common in North America. These range widely in quality: low-end frames are"
"not be confused with one constructed from stretcher bars. Strainer bars are fixed to one another with wood glue, nails or staples, often in conjunction. Strainer bar frames are often reinforced with other fixed elements such as corner and cross braces. These frames are not built to accommodate the insertion of tightening keys into their corners to further tighten the canvas stretched upon them as a stretcher bar frame would. Strainer bar A strainer bar is used to construct a wooden stretcher frame used by artists to mount their canvases. They are traditionally a wooden framework support on which an"
"curating old laces and few courses where available to keep the technique alive, until a revival in the 1960s. Lace machine Lace machines took over the commercial manufacture of lace during the nineteenth century. The stocking frame was a mechanical weft-knitting knitting machine used in the textiles industry. It was invented by William Lee of Calverton near Nottingham in 1589. Framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. It was adapted to knit cotton, do ribbing and by 1800, with the introduction of dividers (divider bar) as"
"Staking (manufacturing) Staking is the process of connecting two components by creating an interference fit between the two pieces. One workpiece has a hole in it while the other has a boss that fits within the hole. The boss is very slightly undersized so that it forms a slip fit. A staking punch is then used to expand the boss radially and to compress the boss axially so as to form an interference fit between the workpieces. This forms a permanent joint. Thermoplastic staking, also known as heat staking, is the same process except that it uses heat to deform"
"Lace machine Lace machines took over the commercial manufacture of lace during the nineteenth century. The stocking frame was a mechanical weft-knitting knitting machine used in the textiles industry. It was invented by William Lee of Calverton near Nottingham in 1589. Framework knitting, was the first major stage in the mechanisation of the textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. It was adapted to knit cotton, do ribbing and by 1800, with the introduction of dividers (divider bar) as a lace making machine. Bobbinet machines were invented in 1808 by John Heathcoat. He studied the hand movements of"
"Composition ornament Composition ornament (""Compo"") is a mouldable resin worked either by hand or more usually pressed into moulds to produce decorative work. It's now most commonly seen as part of gilded picture frames, but was in use for many smaller decorative mouldings from the later part of the Baroque period. A basic compo recipe, which can have many variations. Take 250 grammes cabinetmakers' pearl glue and soak in adequate cold water for several hours. Drain the excess water, then heat in a double boiler or electric gluepot to 70°C until liquid. Add 20 ml of glycerine and 10 grammes"
"are made of wood or plastic. Hoops may be attached to a table-top or floor stand when both hands must be free for sewing, as in making tambour lace. Standing floor frames and lap frames allow the crafter to keep both hands free for working, which increases the speed and precision of work performed. Very thin plastic hoops are also used in machine embroidery. A scroll frame or embroidery frame keeps the entire piece of fabric taut, rather than just the piece being worked. It is made of four pieces of wood: two rollers for the top and base, and"
"works adequately. Many craft stores offer beginners' kits, work boards, beads and materials ranging in price for the casual hobbyist or ambitious craftsperson. Macramé Macramé is a form of textile produced using knotting (rather than weaving or knitting) techniques. The primary knots of macramé are the square or reef knot) and forms of ""hitching"": various combinations of half hitches. It was long crafted by sailors, especially in elaborate or ornamental knotting forms, to cover anything from knife handles to bottles to parts of ships. Cavandoli macramé is one variety that is used to form geometric and free-form patterns like weaving."
"Winding stick In woodworking and carpentry, a pair of winding sticks is a tool that aids in viewing twist or ""wind"" in pieces of lumber (timber) by amplifying the defect. Winding sticks can be as simple as any two straight sticks or they can be elegant, decorated, dimensionally stable wood like mahogany. A pair of framing squares may also be suitable. Traditionally they are to long tall and tapered in their height from to . The longer the winding sticks, the more they will amplify the wind. It is common for a woodworker to make a matching pair for the"
"the best appearance. Coping is also commonly used in cabinet making for mouldings and frame components. The rails in frame and panel construction are commonly cope cut to fit the profile of the stiles. The technique is also common in the construction of doors and windows. Scribe joinery is also commonly used in the building of log homes. The shape of the log underneath is scribed into the bottom of a log to be placed on top. This provides a tight seal between the two adjacent logs. It is also commonly used in the building of boats since there is"
"Protection of Stocking Frames, etc. Act 1788 The Protection of Stocking Frames, etc. Act 1788 (28 Geo. 3 c. 55) was an Act of Parliament passed by the British Government in 1788 and aimed at increasing the penalties for the deliberate disruption of the activity of mechanical knitting machines (stocking frames). Section one of the Act made failure to return frames that had been hired from their owner punishable with a fine, whilst section two made unlawfully disposing of hired frames punishable with imprisonment, and section three made the purchaser equally culpable if he or she knew the frames were"
"hand powered jennies provided the weaker yarn used for the horizontal filler ""weft"" threads. The jennies required skill but were inexpensive and could be used in a home. The spinning frames required significant capital but little skill. Spinning frame The spinning frame is an Industrial Revolution invention for spinning thread or yarn from fibres such as wool or cotton in a mechanised way. It was easy to work and by the end of the 18th century it was worth more than one million modern-day pounds. It was developed in 18th-century Britain by Richard Arkwright and John Kay.. In 1760 England,"
"Matchstick model Matchstick models are scale models made from matches as a hobby. Regular matches are not used, however, but a special modeling type which do not have the combustible heads, and can be bought from art and craft shops. Though before the serial production of these, actual matches were used with heads trimmed off, or kept on to add coloured detail. Originally, matchstick models were a pastime of prisoners (especially naval prisoners of war) during the 18th century. At the time, better funded modelers preferred to use more replicated parts for their models, like professionals today, and the poor"
"public bowling. Frames per stop Frames per stop is a term used in the bowling industry by technicians, manufacturers, and others involved in this recreation industry. The term refers to how many frames, on average, a group of pinsetters is able to operate without a stop, which is a malfunction or other condition which requires human assistance to fix the machine. The goal for a center is to maximize this value. A higher frames per stop leads to less work required for the pin chasers and mechanics as well as more satisfied customers who are not waiting for repairs. A"
"Drawing-in frame A Drawing-in frame was a piece of equipment used in the cotton industry. It was the drawers-in job to thread each of ends on a new beam through the correct healds, and then though the reed. On a Lancashire loom weaving grey cloth this was a simple but time consuming task, but for a complex pattern on a Jacquard tapestry loom, great care was needed. To do this, the new beam was mounted on the back of a drawing-in frame, the healds were held next in a vertical position, and in front the reed would be clamped. This"
"US particularly, where sheet metal shaping has become a hobby as well as a business. Tube-framed machines are reasonably-priced and are available either as kit-built machines or can be built easily from plans. The stiffest tubular frames have a fully triangulated external bracing truss. They are most effective on thinner or softer materials, such as 20 ga steel or .063"" aluminum. Cast frame machines, like the one pictured, are still available. A properly equipped machine has an assortment of anvil wheels. Anvil wheels, like dollies used with hammers in panel beating (which are also known as anvils) should be used"
"the ceiling and floor joists of the story above. In the building trades, the technique is variously referred to as ""stick and frame"", ""stick and platform"", or ""stick and box"", as the sticks (studs) give the structure its vertical support, and the box-shaped floor sections with joists contained within length-long post and lintels (more commonly called ""headers""), support the weight of whatever is above, including the next wall up and the roof above the top story. The platform also provides the lateral support against wind and holds the stick walls true and square. Any lower platform supports the weight of"
"Adjustments to the surface of the board are then made (e.g., with a hand plane). This process is repeated all across the piece until the piece is satisfactorily ""true"". Longitudinally the piece is checked with a straightedge. Winding stick In woodworking and carpentry, a pair of winding sticks is a tool that aids in viewing twist or ""wind"" in pieces of lumber (timber) by amplifying the defect. Winding sticks can be as simple as any two straight sticks or they can be elegant, decorated, dimensionally stable wood like mahogany. A pair of framing squares may also be suitable. Traditionally they"
"Frame (nautical) In ships, frames are ribs that are transverse bolted or welded to the keel. Frames support the hull and give the ship its shape and strength. In wooden shipbuilding, each frame is composed of several sections, so that the grain of the wood can follow the curve of the frame. Starting from the keel, these are the floor (which crosses the keel and joins the frame to the keel), the first futtock, the second futtock, the top timber, and the rail stanchion. In steel shipbuilding, the entire frame can be formed in one piece by rivetting or welding"
"has evolved from wooden boards forming ""cribs"" to modern mechanical, spring-loaded post-and-socket systems, exemplified by the ""pogo sticks"" used on US Navy Combat Logistics Force (CLF) ships which provide underway replenishment of stores, spares, repair parts, ammunition, ordnance, and liquids in cans and drums. Dunnage segregates cargo in the hold and prevents shifting of the cargo in response to ship motions. During the shipbuilding process, dunnage is commonly used to describe items such as welding machines, hoses, ladders, and scaffolding which are not part of the ship and will not remain aboard after it is completed. Outfitters and mule packers"
"Strainer bar A strainer bar is used to construct a wooden stretcher frame used by artists to mount their canvases. They are traditionally a wooden framework support on which an artist fastens a piece of canvas. They are also used for small-scale embroidery to provide steady tension, affixing the edges of the fabric with push-pins or a staple gun before beginning to sew, and then removing it from the frame when the work is complete. Strainer bar frames are usually in the shape of a rectangle, although shaped canvases are also possible. A stretcher frame constructed from strainer bars should"
"sticks. The weight of the stick, size and latent surface area of the head, materials used for the shaft, core, and wrap, and method used to wrap the head all contribute to the timbre the stick produces. In the early 20th century and before, sticks were often made with whalebone shafts, wooden cores, and sponge wraps. Composers of that era often specified sponge-headed sticks. Modern timpanists execute such passages with felt sticks. The two most common grips in playing the timpani are the German and French grips. In the German grip, the palm of the hand is approximately parallel with"
"add significant weight so some support is important. Using a frame means the embroiderer has both hands free for working. In Tambour or Luneville work the frame is often supported between two tables, above a table or on trestle supports and used when seated on a chair. In Aari or Zari work the frame is often closer to the ground, and used while seated on the ground. Lesage is acclaimed in the fashion world for the beaded embroideries worked for many well known fashion designers. Bead embroidery Bead embroidery is a type of beadwork that uses a needle and thread"
"frames are often made of moulded and gilded plaster over a plain wood base. Picture frames come in a variety of profiles, but generally the lengths of moulding feature a ""lip"" and rabbet, the function of which is to allow a space to hold in the materials in the frame. The lip extends usually about past the edge of the rabbet. The picture frame may contain a pane of picture framing glass or an acrylic glass substitute such as acrylite or plexiglas to protect the picture. In some instances where the art in the frame is dispensable or durable, no"
"Framing (construction) Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure support and shape. Framing materials are usually wood, engineered wood, or structural steel. The alternative to framed construction is generally called ""mass wall"" construction, where horizontal layers of stacked materials such as log building, masonry, rammed earth, adobe, etc. are used without framing. Building framing is divided into two broad categories, heavy-frame construction (heavy framing) if the vertical supports are few and heavy such as in timber framing, pole building framing, or steel framing; or light-frame construction (light-framing) if the supports are more numerous and"