"nearby Piazza Argentina. The Piazzale Loreto was the scene of the public execution of 15 Italian partisans on 10 August 1944, hand picked by Theo Saevecke, head of the Gestapo in Milan, as a reprisal for a partisan attack on a German military convoy. The executed were left on display for a number of days. Piazzale Loreto was the scene of one of the best-known events in the modern history of Italy, namely the public display of Benito Mussolini's corpse on 29 April 1945. The day before, Mussolini, his mistress Clara Petacci and some other high-ranking Fascists had been captured"
"Claretta Petacci, claimed in her diary that in 1937 the then princess and wife of the heir to the throne tried and failed to seduce the dictator at a beach resort near Rome. However, Mussolini's son, Romano, claims that the princess and dictator entered into a sexual relationship. In 1943, the Crown Princess involved herself in vain attempts to arrange a separate peace treaty between Italy and the United States; her interlocutor from the Vatican was Monsignor Giovanni Battista Montini, a senior diplomat who later became Pope Paul VI. Her attempts were not sponsored by the king and Umberto was"
"and identified by the Political Commissar of the partisans' 52nd ""Garibaldi"" Brigade, Urbano Lazzaro. During this time, Clara's brother posed as a Spanish consul. After several unsuccessful attempts to take them to Como they were brought to Mezzegra. They spent their last night in the house of the De Maria family. The next day, Mussolini and Petacci were both summarily shot, along with most of the members of their 15-man train, primarily ministers and officials of the Italian Social Republic. The shootings took place in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra and were conducted by a partisan leader who"
"Clara Gonzaga Clara Gonzaga, Countess of Montpensier, Dauphine of Auvergne, Duchess of Sessa (1 July 1464 – 2 June 1503) was an Italian noblewoman of the House of Gonzaga. She was the daughter of Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and the wife of Gilbert, Count of Montpensier. One of her six children was Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, who led the Imperial Army sent by Emperor Charles V against Pope Clement VII in what became the Sack of Rome, and where he was subsequently killed. Clara is one of the characters in the Heptameron, which was written by Marguerite"
"charge that it would be in his best interest to provide them with a fine seaside villa and supplies of champagne for the weeks that it would take the Allies to arrive. At the end of April 1945, Hastings was in the Piazzale Loreto at Milan and saw the bodies of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci, who along with other executed fascists, were hanging upside down. He noted that Petacci's skirt had been pinned to her stockings to prevent her underwear from being revealed. Hastings considered this to be a perfect example of the often paradoxical delicacy of the Italian"
"house alongside the Blumauergasse (street) in the city's second district. The marriage seems not to have been particularly happy: Pollaczek turned out to be unfaithful as a husband and during Clara's second pregnancy he took his mistress along for a summer vacation. The business found itself in financial difficulties during 1907 and after it failed, Otto Pollaczek took his own life on 17 April 1908. Clara was no longer able to live in the home they had shared, and was left with a no income and very few assets. Her financial position deteriorated further after the First World War because"
"Clara Katharina Pollaczek Clara Pollaczek (born Clara Loeb; 15 January 1875 – 22 July 1951) was a Viennese writer of light novels, stories and verse. She also wrote several stage works. Some of her works appeared under the pseudonyms ""Bob"" or ""Bob Béol"". She is, in addition, known to scholars of literature on account of her relationship with Arthur Schnitzler whose life partner she became between 1923 and his death in 1931. Clara Loeb was born into a culturally aware family of intellectual secular Jews in Vienna, where she grew up along with her two brothers, Alfred and Otto, and"
"but he refused, since he would have found himself against his allies in the Grand Council. After that, before reaching his wife in Villa Torlonia, he telephoned his mistress, Claretta Petacci, living in her luxury villa called ""La Camilluccia"", on the slopes of Monte Mario. During his conversation, which was bugged, he told her in desperation: ""We arrived to the epilogue, the greatest watershed in history""; ""The star darkened""; ""It's all over now"". Afterwards, Scorza accompanied the Duce to Villa Torlonia: in the car, the dictator exclaimed: ""Also Ciano, Albini, Bastianini! Scorza, do you think that good luck has abandoned"
"September 1817, Mary and Percy had another child, Clara. The group traveled to Italy in early 1818. They first surrendered Allegra to Byron in April, much to Claire's distress. In August, Percy Shelley took Claire to see Allegra, at her request. Percy arrived in Venice, telling Byron he had the entire family. Mary was thus summoned to Venice to substantiate Percy's story. However, baby Clara Shelley was sick and traveling made her even more ill. She died shortly after arriving in Venice. In the winter of 1818, Percy registered a child in Naples to himself and Mary: Elena Adelaide. However,"
"Clara Calamai Clara Calamai (7 September 1909 – 21 September 1998) was an Italian actress. She was one of the most famous and popular Italian actresses in the 1930s and 1940s, sharing the limelight with actresses such as Alida Valli, Valentina Cortese, and rivals, Doris Duranti, Luisa Ferida and Isa Miranda. She was a charming and versatile actress who starred in both dramas and comedies of the telefoni bianchi style. Calamai's first acting role was in the 1938 war film ""Pietro Micca"", directed by Aldo Vergano. In ""The Jester's Supper"" (1942) an adaptation of a Sem Benelli's work, directed by"
"and retired from the stage. Her relationship with the king continued on an on-and-off basis to at least 1778, and she and her spouse was given a fortune by the king and lived a comfortable life in a palace in Warsaw, participating in high society. Caterina Gattai Tomatis Cecilia Caterina Maria Gattai Tomatis née Filippazzi (Milan, 1747 - 1792, Warsaw), was an Italian ballerina. She was known as the mistress of Stanisław August Poniatowski from 1765. She is mentioned in the memoirs of Casanova. Caterina Gattai Tomatis debuted in Venice in 1760. She was engaged as a Prima ballerina at"
"Clara Maffei Elena Clara Antonia Carrara Spinelli (b. 13 March 1814, Bergamo – d. 13 July 1886, Milan, of meningitis) was an Italian woman of letters and backer of the Risorgimento, usually known by her married name of countess Clara Maffei or Chiarina Maffei. At 17 years old she married Andrea Maffei, but they separated by mutual consent on 15 June 1846. She had a long and lasting relationship with Carlo Tenca. She is well known for the salon she hosted in via dei Tre Monasteri in Milan, known as the """". Starting in 1834 and organised by Tommaso Grossi"
"the murder as instigators; Dionisio Gambaruto and Maurizio Bernasconi as executors. The trial, held in Padua, did not end for a series of procedural impediments. Giuseppina Tuissi Giuseppina Tuissi, better known as Gianna (also ""La Staffetta Gianna"") was an Italian communist and partisan during World War II, part of the ""52nd Brigata Garibaldi ""Luigi Clerici"""". From September 1944 she was the collaborator of the partisan Luigi Canali (known as the captain ""Neri"") and, with him, had an important role in the arrest and the execution of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci. Giuseppina was born in 1923 in Abbiategrasso, in the"
"and Massimo d'Azeglio, it attracted several well-known literati, artists, scholars, composers and pro-Risorgimento figures to meet to discuss art and literature. These included Alessandro Manzoni, Francesco Hayez (who painted a portrait of Clara which he then gave to her husband), Giuseppe Verdi and Giovanni Prati. Clara Maffei Elena Clara Antonia Carrara Spinelli (b. 13 March 1814, Bergamo – d. 13 July 1886, Milan, of meningitis) was an Italian woman of letters and backer of the Risorgimento, usually known by her married name of countess Clara Maffei or Chiarina Maffei. At 17 years old she married Andrea Maffei, but they separated"
"were impressed into the ""Regia Aeronautica,"" and used in transport units. One S.83 was used near the end of the war to flee Italy. Spain had forbidden aircraft both military and civilian of the Axis powers from landing there so S.83 was painted with Croatian insignia and purportedly owned by a Croatian citizen. Carrying 5,000 litres of fuel (50% more than standard) and 14 men and women including the parents of Claretta Petacci, Benito Mussolini’s mistress), the aircraft took off at 4:30 on 23 April 1945 from Milan. It landed at Barcelona just three hours later. It was not until"
"Giulia Occhini Giulia Occhini (born in Varano Borghi, 23 July 1922 - died in Novi Ligure, 6 January 1993), known as ""La Dama Bianca"" (“The White Lady”), was the lover of champion cyclist Fausto Coppi in a scandalous extramarital affair of the 1950s. Given Coppi’s high profile, this affair led to the shift in attitudes among the Christian Democrats in Italy towards the moral and legal aspects of adultery. At the time in Italy, divorce was not permitted and adultery was still a crime. Occhini herself was tried for abandoning her marriage. Her story became emblematic of the conformist and"
"Giulia Occhini Giulia Occhini (born in Varano Borghi, 23 July 1922 - died in Novi Ligure, 6 January 1993), known as ""La Dama Bianca"" (“The White Lady”), was the lover of champion cyclist Fausto Coppi in a scandalous extramarital affair of the 1950s. Given Coppi’s high profile, this affair led to the shift in attitudes among the Christian Democrats in Italy towards the moral and legal aspects of adultery. At the time in Italy, divorce was not permitted and adultery was still a crime. Occhini herself was tried for abandoning her marriage. Her story became emblematic of the conformist and"
"His negotiations were an act of betrayal against the Germans. When confronted about this by Achille Marazza, Mussolini said, ""They [the Nazis] have always treated us as slaves. I will now resume my freedom of action."" With the city already held by resistance fighters, Mussolini used his connections one last time to secure passage with an escaping German convoy on its way to the Brenner Pass with his mistress Claretta Petacci. On the morning of 27 April 1945, Umberto Lazzaro (""nom de guerre"" 'Partisan Bill'), a partisan with the 52nd Garibaldi Brigade, was checking a column of lorries carrying retreating"
"of the 1848–1849 revolts and the Roman Republic, Mazzini fled to Switzerland. Pezzi remained in Milan where she clandestinely published Mazzini's writings and hosted the rendezvous of his co-revolutionaries, several of whom were later imprisoned or executed. When cautioned by friends that she was running a severe risk, she replied, ""If I hear the police coming up the stairs, I will throw myself and my child from the window."" Clara Maffei and her lover Carlo Tenca continued to support an independent Italy but wanted it to be a monarchy under the House of Savoy. Pezzi, along with Saffi, Cattaneo, and"
"Caterina Gattai Tomatis Cecilia Caterina Maria Gattai Tomatis née Filippazzi (Milan, 1747 - 1792, Warsaw), was an Italian ballerina. She was known as the mistress of Stanisław August Poniatowski from 1765. She is mentioned in the memoirs of Casanova. Caterina Gattai Tomatis debuted in Venice in 1760. She was engaged as a Prima ballerina at the Royal Opera of Warsaw in 1765-66, during which she had an affair with the king which attracted considerable attention. In 1766, she married the Italian adventurer Carlo Alessandro Tomatis (1739-1797), who called himself count de Vallery et de la Loux, Baron de la Bridoire,"
"Giulino Giulino (better known as Giulino di Mezzegra) is an Italian ""frazione"" of the ""Comune"" of Mezzegra, in the province of Como. Since 21 January 2014 both Giulino and Mezzegra are included in the comune of Tremezzina. The village was an autonomous municipality until 1928, when it merged into Mezzegra becoming its ""frazione"" (civil parish). The village has passed into history because it is the place where Benito Mussolini and his lover Claretta Petacci were killed on April 28, 1945, in front of a manor house named ""Villa Belmonte"". The execution was carried out by local resistance fighters ""(partigiani)"", who"
"Andrea Camassei, Giacinto Brandi, Francesco Allegrini, and Pier Francesco Mola. Carlo Rainaldi, the son of Girolamo, completed the building around 1650. The new palazzo became the home of Innocent's widowed and unpopular sister-in-law Olimpia Maidalchini, who was his confidante and advisor and, more scurrilously, reputed to be his mistress. She was the mother of Camillo Pamphilj, the one time cardinal, who through his marriage came into the possession of the Palazzo Aldobrandini, now known as the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj. Confusingly, until the unification of the Doria and Pamphilj surnames both palazzi were known as Palazzo Pamphilj, or in the case"
"outside the city walls. With the passing of the Salviati family, the estate to have changed hands many times in the last two hundred years and were owned by the Borghese princes, the English Vansittart, the tenor Mario Da Candia, and Gustavo Hagermann in the 19th century. It is said that in this palace, Veronica Cybo, the wife of the Duke Salviati, consumed with jealousy, stabbed to death the Duke's mistress, a Caterina Canacci. Veronica arranged to lure the woman to the palace with the help of Bartolommeo, Caterina's stepson. She then proceeded to decapitate the unfortunate woman and then"
"during this period Leonardo had taken a commission from Francesco del Giocondo to paint his wife, ""'."" Here ""Mona"" was not intended as a name, but as an abbreviation of ', the Italian literary form of ""Lady"". Agostino Vespucci Agostino Vespucci was an Italian chancellery official, clerk, and assistant to Niccolò Machiavelli, among others. He is most well known for helping to confirm the subject of Leonardo da Vinci's ""Mona Lisa"" as Lisa del Giocondo, but is also the author of a number of surviving letters and manuscripts. The identity of the young woman in Leonardo's ""Mona Lisa"" had been"
"known as the Slutcracker. After winning the battle, the Slutcracker transforms himself into a type of Prince who takes Clara to a realm of sexual fantasy where repressed desires can be lived out. There she encounters people and things such as dancers who disrobe each other, a bondage dominatrix, pole dancers, a candy cane penis which shoots bubbles, topless fan dancers, synchronized swimmers who engage in a type of orgy and a fairy who performs a striptease. The following is a list of roles for the performance: Clara- Nutcracker counterpart: Clara Protagonist. A twentysomething female trapped in suburban doldrums, but"
"in documents as Simonetta da Collevecchio. The French author Jean Nestor, writing in the 1560s, reported that the claim of a Moorish slave origin was a false rumor first spread by Alessandro's exiled enemies in Naples. When Emperor Charles V sacked Rome in 1527, a faction of Florentines took advantage of the turmoil in Italy to reinstall the Florentine Republic. Both Alessandro and Ippolito de' Medici fled, along with most of the Medici and their main supporters, including Cardinal Silvio Passerini, (the regent for young Alessandro and Ippolito, and de facto ruler of Florence for Pope Clement VII). Eight-year-old Catherine"
"the pseudonym ""Gianna"". On 6 January 1945 she was arrested with Luigi Canali in Lezzeno by the members of the XI Black Brigade ""Cesare Rodini"" and tortured for 23 days. After this period she was transferred to the SS headquarter in Monza by the initiative of a Gestapo officer, the captain Vernig, moved to pity for her conditions and impressed for her bravery. On March 12 she was released. Refusing an escape route to Switzerland, ""Gianna"" continued participating to the partisan struggle in northern Lombardy. She and ""Neri"" were present during the arrest of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci, on"
"his housekeeper and mistress for some five years. Cecilia had already borne Titian two fine sons, Pomponio and Orazio, when in 1525 she fell seriously ill. Titian, wishing to legitimize the children, married her. Cecilia recovered, the marriage was a happy one, and they had another daughter who died in infancy. In August 1530 Cecilia died. Titian remarried, but little information is known about his second wife; she was possibly the mother of his daughter Lavinia. Titian had a fourth child, Emilia, the result of an affair, possibly with a housekeeper. His favorite child was Orazio, who became his assistant."
"he had ample commissions for cameos. Pistrucci's early clients included two of Rome's major art dealers, Ignazio Vescovali and Angelo Bonelli, and Napoleon's three sisters, Elisa, Pauline and Caroline. Pistrucci gained prominence by winning a competition to make a cameo of Elisa (the Grand Duchess of Tuscany), working nearly nonstop for eight days to complete it. The Grand Duchess was so impressed by his work that she gave him studio space at her palace. Pistrucci felt secure enough with this patronage that in 1802, he married Barbara Folchi, daughter of a well-to-do merchant; they had nine children together. He continued"
"Giuseppina Tuissi Giuseppina Tuissi, better known as Gianna (also ""La Staffetta Gianna"") was an Italian communist and partisan during World War II, part of the ""52nd Brigata Garibaldi ""Luigi Clerici"""". From September 1944 she was the collaborator of the partisan Luigi Canali (known as the captain ""Neri"") and, with him, had an important role in the arrest and the execution of Benito Mussolini and Clara Petacci. Giuseppina was born in 1923 in Abbiategrasso, in the Province of Milan, but lived and worked as laborer in Baggio, a suburb of Milan. In 1943 she started her activity of partisan courier, using"
"Mussolini had two daughters, Edda (1910–1995) and Anna Maria (1929–1968), and three sons Vittorio (1916–1997), Bruno (1918–1941), and Romano (1927–2006). During the reign of Mussolini's Fascist regime, Rachele Mussolini was portrayed as the model Fascist housewife and mother. She remained loyal to Mussolini until the end. But, on 28 April 1945, she was not with Mussolini when he and his mistress, Claretta Petacci, were captured and executed by Italian partisans. Rachele Mussolini did try to flee from Italy after World War II but, in April 1945, she was arrested in Como, close to Switzerland by Italian partisans. She was turned"
"parades, he is often accompanied by his wife Cecca (Milanese diminutive of ""Francesca""). The character was first popularized (and possibly created) by Milanese writer Carlo Maria Maggi, who also gave him the surname ""Pecenna"", a Milanese word which means ""hairdresser"" (from ""comb"") but also conveys an implicit critique to the vanity and shallowness of aristocracy and clergy. The character was further developed by Milanese poet Carlo Porta, who used it in several works, including his debut ""El lavapiatt del Meneghin ch'è mort"" (""The dead Meneghino's dish-washer"", 1792). Porta also developed the anti-clerical traits of the character in works such as"
"""statsfru"" (Lady of the Bedchamber) to queen Desirée, a position she kept until the queen's death in 1861. She was a favorite of the queen who referred to her as ""Ma cherie Claire"" and trusted her advice. She was also well liked by the other members of the royal house: crown prince Oscar and crown princess Josephine referred to her as ""aunt Clara"" and ""the santa claus of the royal palace"" and regarded her a family member. The correspondence between her and the members of the royal family are preserved. After the death of her spouse in 1855, she was"