"Turnip The turnip or white turnip (""Brassica rapa"" subsp. ""rapa"") is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ""turnip"" is a compound of ""tur-"" as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ""neep"", derived from Latin ""napus"", the word for the plant. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. In the north of England, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and eastern Canada (Newfoundland), turnip (or ""neep"") often refers to rutabaga, a larger, yellow root vegetable in the same genus (Brassica) also known as swede"
"few historic markers for a vegetable, on Main Road in Westport, Massachusetts. In England, around 1700, Turnip Townshend promoted the use of turnips in a four-year crop-rotation system that enabled year-round livestock production. In most of England, the smaller white vegetables are called turnips, while the larger yellow ones are referred to as swedes. In the United States, turnips are the same, but swedes are usually called rutabagas. In Scotland, Ireland, parts of northern England, and parts of Canada, the usage varies and is sometimes confusingly reversed, with the yellow vegetables being called turnips or neeps, and the white ones"
"still the heart shield in the arms of Keutschach am See. Turnip The turnip or white turnip (""Brassica rapa"" subsp. ""rapa"") is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ""turnip"" is a compound of ""tur-"" as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ""neep"", derived from Latin ""napus"", the word for the plant. Small, tender varieties are grown for human consumption, while larger varieties are grown as feed for livestock. In the north of England, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and eastern Canada (Newfoundland), turnip (or ""neep"") often refers to rutabaga, a larger, yellow"
"Turnip (terminology) Turnip can refer to three vegetables, which are described under the articles Turnip, Rutabaga, and Jicama. The confusion results from the following regional differences of usage. ""Brassica napus"" and ""B. napobrassica"" are called ""swedes"" (a shortening of ""Swedish turnip"") in England, especially in the South, and in most dialects of the Commonwealth. ""Rutabaga"", from the Swedish ""rotabagga,"" for ""root bag"" is mostly used in North America, in the United States and Canada. The rutabaga or swede differs from the turnip (""Brassica rapa"") in that it is typically larger and yellow-orange rather than white. However, in some dialects of"
"turnip, turnip cabbage or cabbage turnip, although there the stem, not the root, is the enlarged part. Turnip (terminology) Turnip can refer to three vegetables, which are described under the articles Turnip, Rutabaga, and Jicama. The confusion results from the following regional differences of usage. ""Brassica napus"" and ""B. napobrassica"" are called ""swedes"" (a shortening of ""Swedish turnip"") in England, especially in the South, and in most dialects of the Commonwealth. ""Rutabaga"", from the Swedish ""rotabagga,"" for ""root bag"" is mostly used in North America, in the United States and Canada. The rutabaga or swede differs from the turnip (""Brassica"
"mashed potatoes (and, in some recipes, similarly mashed vegetables or fruits) makes stamppot (English: ""mash pot""), a dish often served alongside smoked sausage. In Scotland, separately boiled and mashed, rutabagas (""neeps"") and potatoes are served as ""neeps and tatties"" (""tatties"" being the Scots word for potatoes), in a traditional Burns supper, the main course of haggis (the Scottish national dish). Neeps mashed with carrots or potatoes is called clapshot. In Orkney neeps mashed with potatoes (tatties) is called clapshot. Roughly equal quantities of neeps and tatties are boiled together in salted water and mashed with lots of butter. Seasoning can"
"Cornwall. In Canada they are considered winter vegetables, as along with similar vegetables they are able to be kept in a cold area or cellar for several months. They are primarily used as a side dish. They are also used as filler in foods such as mincemeat and Christmas cake. In the US, rutabagas are mostly eaten as part of stews or casseroles, served mashed with carrots, or baked in a pasty. They are frequently found in the New England boiled dinner. In Australia, swedes are used as a flavor enhancer in casseroles, stews and soups. Rutabaga and other cyanoglucoside-containing"
"say it arrived in England by way of Germany, while other accounts support Swedish origins. According to John Sinclair the root vegetable arrived in England from Germany around 1750. Rutabaga arrives in Scotland by way of Sweden around 1781. An article on the topic in ""The Gardeners' Chronicle"" suggests that the rutabaga was then introduced more widely to England in 1790. Introduction to North America came in the early 19th century with reports of rutabaga crops in Illinois as early as 1817. Rutabaga was once considered a food of last resort in both Germany and France due to its association"
"the potato in the 18th century. The cross between turnip and cabbage, rutabaga, was possibly first produced in Scandinavia. In Turkey, particularly in the area near Adana, turnips are used to flavor ""şalgam"", a juice made from purple carrots and spices served ice cold. In Middle Eastern countries such as Lebanon, turnips are pickled. In Japan, pickled turnips are sometimes stir-fried with salt or soy sauce. Turnip greens are included in the ritual of the Festival of Seven Herbs, called ""suzuna"". In the United States, stewed turnips are eaten as a root vegetable in the autumn and winter. The greens"
"that aid in defense against plant pathogens have also been isolated from rutabaga, including three novel phytoalexins that were reported in 2004. Rutabaga contains significant amounts of vitamin C: 100 g contains 25 mg, which is 30% of the daily recommended dose. The roots and tops of ""swedes"" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for livestock. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a hopper), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field. People living in the British Isles have long carved turnips and"
"choy (from the Cantonese name, ), and celery cabbage. In the United Kingdom this vegetable is known as Chinese leaf, in New Zealand as wong bok or won bok, and in the Philippines as wombok or pechay baguio. The name wombok is also used in Australia. Another name used in English is petsai or pe-tsai. In Russia it's called pekinskaya kapusta (), literally ""Peking cabbage"". The first notation of Napa cabbage cultivation date from the 15th Century in the Yangtze River region in China. Then it spread to Korea and Japan. Beginning in the 19th Century with the Chinese diaspora,"
"swedes. Neeps are mashed and eaten with haggis, traditionally on Burns Night. Turnip lanterns are an old tradition; since inaugural Halloween festivals in Ireland and Scotland, turnips (rutabaga) have been carved out and used as candle lanterns. At Samhain, candle lanterns carved from turnips — ""samhnag"" — were part of the traditional Celtic festival. Large turnips were hollowed out, carved with faces, and placed in windows, used to ward off harmful spirits. At Halloween in Scotland in 1895, masqueraders in disguise carried lanterns made out of scooped-out turnips. In Nordic countries, turnips provided the staple crop before their replacement by"
"Napa cabbage Napa or nappa cabbage (""Brassica rapa"" subsp. ""pekinensis"" or ""Brassica rapa"" Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine. Since the 20th century, it has also become a widespread crop in Europe, the Americas and Australia. In much of the world, this is the vegetable referred to as ""Chinese cabbage"". In Australia it is referred to as ""wombok"". The word ""napa"" in the name napa cabbage comes from colloquial and regional Japanese, where ""nappa"" () refers to the leaves of any vegetable, especially"
"Rapeseed Rapeseed (""Brassica napus""), also known as rape, oilseed rape, (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil in the world. The term ""rape"" derives from the Latin word for turnip, ""rapum"". Rapeseed is known by many common names in the English language. Some names have only been applied to certain subspecies (subsp.), forms (f.), or varieties (var.) of ""B. napus"". ""B. napus"" = ""B. napus"" subsp. ""napus"" = ""B."
"young stems can be cooked and eaten and are sometimes cultivated as a vegetable in Java. Acetosa sagittata Acetosa sagittata, commonly known as turkey rhubarb or rambling dock or potato vine, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to southern Africa, which has become a weed in Australia and New Zealand. Initially described as ""Rumex sagittatus"" by Swedish botanist Carl Peter Thunberg, it was later placed in the genus ""Acetosa"" by Australian botanists Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs. Its specific name is derived from the Latin ""sagitta"" ""arrow"", hence ""arrow-shaped"". The plant is known by various common names including turkey rhubarb,"
"as weeds, especially in North America, South America, and Australia. A dislike for cabbage or broccoli can result from the fact that these plants contain a compound similar to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is either bitter or tasteless to people depending on their taste buds. Almost all parts of some species or other have been developed for food, including the root (rutabaga, turnip), stems (kohlrabi), leaves (cabbage, collard greens, kale), flowers (cauliflower, broccoli), buds (Brussels sprouts, cabbage), and seeds (many, including mustard seed, and oil-producing rapeseed). Some forms with white or purple foliage or flowerheads are also sometimes grown for ornament."
"Ulva intestinalis Ulva intestinalis, formerly referred to as ""Enteromorpha intestinalis"" (Linnaeus) Nees, is a green alga in the family Ulvaceae, of the genus ""Ulva"" (sea lettuce), also known by the common names gutweed and grass kelp. Until they were reclassified by genetic work completed in the early 2000s, the tubular members of the genus ""Ulva"" were in the genus ""Enteromorpha"". Generally world-wide. It can be found in Bering Sea near Alaska, Aleutian islands, Puget Sound, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Philippines,and Russia. Besides this, places it can be found in Israel, and in such European countries as Azores, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Norway,"
"of the root, with little or no visible crown or neck (as found in rutabagas). Turnip leaves are sometimes eaten as ""turnip greens"" (""turnip tops"" in the UK), and they resemble mustard greens (to which they are closely related) in flavor. Turnip greens are a common side dish in southeastern U.S. cooking, primarily during late fall and winter. Smaller leaves are preferred, but the bitter taste of larger leaves can be reduced by pouring off the water from the initial boiling and replacing it with fresh water. Varieties of turnip grown specifically for their leaves resemble mustard greens and have"
"Swedish ' (kohlrabi). The Finnish term is '. The Romanian term is '. Rutabaga is known by many different regional names in German, of which ' and ' are the most widespread and most commonly used in lists of ingredients; the former is typically used in Austria to mean kohlrabi. The first known printed reference to the rutabaga comes from the Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin in 1620, where he notes that it was growing wild in Sweden. It is often considered to have originated in Scandinavia or Russia. There are contradictory accounts of how rutabaga arrived in England. Some sources"
"(Manx equivalent of Halloween), lit with a candle or electric torch, and carried from house to house by some children, with the accompanying Hop tu Naa song; hoping for money or treats of food. The smell of burning turnip is an evocative part of the event. A local farmers' market in the town of Ithaca in the US state of New York organizes what it calls the ""International Rutabaga Curling Championship"" annually on the last day of the market season. The villages of Askov, Minnesota, and Cumberland, Wisconsin, both hold an annual ""rutabaga festival"" in August. Rutabaga The rutabaga (from"
"Acetosa sagittata Acetosa sagittata, commonly known as turkey rhubarb or rambling dock or potato vine, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to southern Africa, which has become a weed in Australia and New Zealand. Initially described as ""Rumex sagittatus"" by Swedish botanist Carl Peter Thunberg, it was later placed in the genus ""Acetosa"" by Australian botanists Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs. Its specific name is derived from the Latin ""sagitta"" ""arrow"", hence ""arrow-shaped"". The plant is known by various common names including turkey rhubarb, arrowhead vine, potato vine, rambling dock or climbing sorrel. ""Acetosa sagittata"" is a soft-stemmed herbaceous scrambling"
"in Spain. Haggis has been Scotland's national dish since the time of Robert Burns. In northeast Brazil, there is a similar dish to haggis called """"buchada"""", made with goats' stomach. Except for heart, tongue (beef), liver (chicken, beef, or pork), and intestines used as natural sausage casings, organ meats consumed in the U.S. tend to be regional or ethnic specialities; for example, tripe as ""menudo"" or ""mondongo"" among Latinos and Hispanos, chitterlings in the Southern United States, scrapple on the Eastern Seaboard, fried-brain sandwiches in the Midwest, and beef testicles called Rocky Mountain oysters or ""prairie oysters"" in the west."
"(Swedish, literally: root mash) or ""kålrabistappe"" (Norwegian). Onion is occasionally added. In Norway, ""kålrabistappe"" is an obligatory accompaniment to many festive dishes, including ""smalahove"", ""pinnekjøtt"", ""raspeball"" and salted herring. In Sweden, ""rotmos"" is often eaten together with cured and boiled ham hock, accompanied by mustard. This classic Swedish dish is called ""fläsklägg med rotmos"". In Wales, a similar mash produced using just potato and rutabaga is known as ""ponsh maip"" in the North-East of the country, as ""mwtrin"" on the Llyn peninsula and as ""stwnsh rwden"" in other parts. In The Netherlands, rutabaga is traditionally served boiled and mashed. Adding"
"potatoes are called ""Stapelchips"" rather than ""Kartoffelchips"" for legal reasons. In Colombia, lemon, chicken, chorizo, and sirloin steak with mushroom sauce flavored potato chips are sold. In Japan, flavors include norishio (nori and salt), ""consommé"", wasabi, soy sauce and butter, garlic, plum, barbecue, pizza, mayonnaise, and black pepper. Chili, scallop with butter, teriyaki, takoyaki, and yakitori chip flavors are also available. Major manufacturers are Calbee, Koikeya and Yamayoshi. The market in the United Kingdom is dominated by Walkers, which held 56% of the British crisp market in 2013. Walkers is known for its wide variety of potato crisps. The three"
"sepals yellowish-green. It grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community. In Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet. The plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner. Cassiope tetragona Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found"
"""Prodromus"". ""Brassica napobrassica"" was first validly published by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work ""Species Plantarum"" as a variety of ""B. oleracea"": ""B. oleracea"" var. ""napobrassica"". It has since been moved to other taxa as a variety, subspecies, or elevated to species rank. In 1768, a Scottish botanist elevated Linnaeus' variety to species rank as ""Brassica napobrassica"" in ""The Gardeners Dictionary"", which is the currently accepted name. Rutabaga has a chromosome number of 2""n"" = 38. It originated from a cross between turnip (""Brassica rapa"") and ""Brassica oleracea"". The resulting cross then doubled its chromosomes, becoming an allopolyploid. This relationship"
"Dutch cuisine, nutmeg is added to vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and string beans. Nutmeg is a traditional ingredient in mulled cider, mulled wine, and eggnog. In Scotland, mace and nutmeg are usually both ingredients in haggis. In Italian cuisine, nutmeg is used as part of the stuffing for many regional meat-filled dumplings like tortellini, as well as for the traditional meatloaf. Nutmeg is a common spice for pumpkin pie and in recipes for other winter squashes, such as baked acorn squash. In the Caribbean, nutmeg is often used in drinks, such as the Bushwacker, Painkiller, and Barbados rum"
"often a lattice-style upper crust is used. This pie is a traditional dessert in the northeastern United States but is little known outside that region in the US. It is part of New England cuisine. Rhubarb pies and desserts are popular in Canada as well, as the rhubarb plant can survive in cold weather climates. To prepare rhubarb, trim off the ends and rinse well. Peel the rhubarb if desired. Cook the prepared rhubarb in a non-aluminum pan. Rhubarb pie Rhubarb pie is a pie with a rhubarb filling. Popular in the UK, where rhubarb has been cultivated since the"
"Nopal Nopal (from the Nahuatl word ""nohpalli"" for the pads of the plant) is a common name in Spanish for ""Opuntia"" cacti (commonly referred to in English as ""prickly pear""), as well as for its pads. There are approximately one hundred and fourteen known species endemic to Mexico, where the plant is a common ingredient in numerous Mexican cuisine dishes. The nopal pads can be eaten raw or cooked, used in marmalades, soups, stews and salads, as well as being used for traditional medicine or as fodder for animals. Farmed nopales are most often of the species ""Opuntia ficus-indica"" or"
"the conquering Normans and from the Latin ""rheubarbarum"". Rhubarb is grown primarily for its fleshy leafstalks, technically known as petioles. The use of rhubarb stalks as food is a relatively recent innovation. This usage was first recorded in 17th-century England after affordable sugar became available to common people, and reached a peak between the 20th century's two world wars. Commonly, it is stewed with sugar or used in pies and desserts, but it can also be put into savoury dishes or pickled. Rhubarb can be dehydrated and infused with fruit juice. In most cases, it is infused with strawberry juice"
"Nuphar advena Nuphar advena (spatterdock or cow lily or yellow pond-lily) is a species of ""Nuphar"" native throughout the eastern United States and at least some parts of Canada, such as Nova Scotia. It is similar to the Eurasian species ""N. lutea"", and is treated as a subspecies of it by some botanists, though differing significantly in genetics. It is locally naturalized in Britain. Spatterdock was long used in traditional medicine, with the root applied to the skin and/or both the root and seeds eaten for a variety of conditions. The seeds are edible, and can be ground into flour."
"Eruca sativa Arugula or rocket (""Eruca sativa""; syns. ""E. vesicaria"" subsp. ""sativa"" (Miller) Thell., ""Brassica eruca"" L.) is an edible annual plant in the family Brassicaceae used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh peppery flavor. Other common names include garden rocket, (British, Australian, South African, Irish and New Zealand English), and eruca. Some additional names are ""rocket salad"", ""rucola"", ""rucoli"", ""rugula"", ""colewort"", and ""roquette"". ""Eruca sativa"", which is widely popular as a salad vegetable, is a species of ""Eruca"" native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal in the west to Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey in the east."
"in Europe, Asia and North America, also with edible fruit. These include ""Ribes spicatum"" (northern Europe and northern Asia), ""Ribes alpinum"" (northern Europe), ""R. schlechtendalii"" (northeast Europe), ""R. multiflorum"" (southeast Europe), ""R. petraeum"" (southwest Europe) and ""R. triste"" (North America; Newfoundland to Alaska and southward in mountains). While ""Ribes rubrum"" and ""R. nigrum"" are native to northern and eastern Europe, large berried cultivars of the redcurrant were first produced in Belgium and northern France in the 17th century. In modern times, numerous cultivars have been selected; some of these have escaped gardens and can be found in the wild across"