"the English term ""British Isles"". Another translation is ""Oileáin Bhreataineacha"", which was used in the 1937 translation from English to Irish of a 1931 geography book. Earlier dictionaries give ""Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa"" as the translation, literally meaning ""West European Isles"". Today the most common term ""Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór"" is used, meaning literally as ""Ireland and Great Britain"", as provided by terminological dictionaries. ""Blighty"" is a slang word for Britain derived from the Hindustani word ""bilāyatī"" (""foreign""). Depending on the user, it is meant either affectionately or archly. It was often used by British soldiers abroad in the First"
"and linguistic assimilation with the Assamese Hindus and Muslims. The term lent the name to the infamous Bongal Kheda movement of the 1950s and 1960s which resulted in an ethnic cleansing of Bengali Hindus from the Brahmaputra valley in Assam. During the colonial days, the term referred to anyone who was perceived as a foreigner (a non-Assamese Indian citizen from the 'mainland'). Later on however, it meant exclusively the Bengali Hindus. The term may have been derived from 'Bangala', the name of the Mughal province of Bengal. Initially the term might have stood for the people of Bengal, but later"
"a name derived from the Turkic word ""ordu"" (army) or ""orda"". When the Turco-Persian Mughals who invaded the Indian subcontinent made camps, the colloquial Persian spoken by the soldiers, known as the ""language of the camp"", or """"Zaban-i-Ordu"""", became gradually more and more Indianised, as they themselves settled and married into the local communities, until the dialect they spoke was readily intelligible to the native Hindu population. The last few decades of the nineteenth century witnessed the eruption of the Hindi–Urdu controversy in the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh, then known as ""the North-Western Provinces and Oudh""). The controversy comprised"
"official language of British Raj, was commonly written in Arabic or Persian characters, and was spoken by approximately 100,000,000 people. When the British colonised the Indian subcontinent from the late 18th through to the late 19th century, they used the words 'Hindustani', 'Hindi' and 'Urdu' interchangeably. They developed it as the language of administration of British India, further preparing it to be the official language of modern India and Pakistan. However, with independence, use of the word 'Hindustani' declined, being largely replaced by 'Hindi' and 'Urdu', or 'Hindi-Urdu' when either of those was too specific. More recently, the word 'Hindustani'"
"it is said to have stood for any foreigner. Because of its geographic location, the approach to the Ahom kingdom from mainland India was through Bengal. During the Ahom rule the word was used in a derogatory manner for foreigners and invaders. Ahom general Lachit Borphukan is said to have referred to the Mughals as Bongals. Over years of political seclusion, 'Bongal' became a term of suspicion, reproach and contempt. When the British annexed Ahom kingdom to its Indian territories, many Bengali Hindus arrived in Assam by taking up administrative jobs in the government. The Britishers and the Bengali Hindus"
"– was used to refer to the Western countries. Since the 1960s, East Asia has become the most common term for the region in international mass media outlets. Prior to the colonial era, ""Far East"" referred to anything further east than the Middle East. In the 16th century, King John III of Portugal called India a ""rich and interesting country in the Far East (""Extremo Oriente"")."" The term was popularized during the period of the British Empire as a blanket term for lands to the east of British India. In pre-World War I European geopolitics, the ""Near East"" referred to"
"Rajabhau Parashram Godse and current MP Shri Hemant Tukaram Godse. Actor Arjun Rampal hails from Deolali. Deolali was a British Army camp 100 miles north-east of Mumbai (then called Bombay). It was the original location of the Army Staff College (now the Defence Services Staff College of India and the Command and Staff College of Pakistan). It is also the source of the British slang noun doolally tap, loosely meaning ""camp fever"", and referring to the apparent madness of men waiting for ships back to Britain after finishing their tour of duty. By the 1940s this had been widely shortened"
"as early as the Crimean War had left a geographical gap. The East Indies, or ""Far East"", derived ultimately from Ptolemy's ""India Beyond the Ganges."" The Ottoman Empire ended at the eastern border of Iraq. ""India This Side of the Ganges"" and Iran had been omitted. The archaeologists counted Iran as ""the Near East"" because Old Persian cuneiform had been found there. This usage did not sit well with the diplomats; India was left in an equivocal state. They needed a regional term. The use of the term ""Middle East"" as a region of international affairs apparently began in British"
"use such terms. The Romans had used them in near Gaul / far Gaul, near Spain / far Spain and others. Before them the Greeks had the habit, which appears in Linear B, the oldest known script of Europe, referring to the near province and the far province of the kingdom of Pylos. Usually these terms were given with reference to a geographic feature, such as a mountain range or a river. Ptolemy's ""Geography"" divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is ""Scythia this side of the Himalayas"" and ""Scythia beyond the Himalayas"". To the south is ""India"
"contains the lines: ""When I get back to Blighty, I'll give thanks to The Almighty / Whether Maggie's little war is lost or won"". UKTV operated a digital television channel called ""Blighty"" that opened in February 2009 and closed on 5 July 2013. The subscription channel, which concentrated on British-made programming, was replaced by a Freeview channel called ""Drama"". Blighty ""Blighty"" is a British English slang term for Britain or often specifically England. Though it was used throughout the 1800s in India to mean an English or British visitor, it was first used during the Boer War in the specific"
"up the border between today's Pakistan and Afghanistan, a remote, backward area inhibited by Muslim Pashtun hill tribes that were in a state of more or less permanent low-level warfare with the tribes on the British side of the frontier, constantly revolting against the authority of the Raj under the banner of ""jihad"", while raiders from Afghanistan were crossing over to wage ""jihad"" against the British infidels. The British Crown Colony of India comprised all of what have since become India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The British never fully controlled the North-West Frontier, and from 2 March – 20 April 1895"
"has become the standard word in Hindi and Urdu for ""yard"". The word guz (also spelled guzz, at the time) entered the Oxford English Dictionary in the late 19th century, having been originally submitted by the noted lexicographer William Chester Minor, originally as being equal to 28 and 4/5 inches in India (so that ""5 guzz = 4 yards""). The word also is reputed to have given the Royal Navy base at HMNB Devonport, in Plymouth, the affectionate nickname of ""Guzz"", as sailors referring to the Dockyard, used to regularly abbreviate the word to simply ""The Yard"", leading to the"
"abruptly decommissioned and camped outside the city demanding severance pay. Within a year, the Punjab was formally annexed to the British Empire and military sappers had begun leveling Lahore's city wall. For the British, Punjab was a frontier province, because Lahore had boundaries with Afghanistan. Therefore, the Punjabis, unlike the Bengalis and the Sindhis, were not allowed to use their mother tongue as an official language. The British first introduced Urdu as an official language in Punjab, including Lahore, allegedly due to a fear of Punjabi nationalism. During the rule of British colonial government, the Punjabi Muslims started reclaiming and"
"region north of Narmada River excluding Bihar and Bengal. During the independence movement, the Indians referred to their land by all three names: 'India', 'Hindustan' and 'Bharat'. Mohammad Iqbal's poem <poem> ""Sare jahāṃ se acchā Hindustāṃ hamārā"" </poem> was a popular patriotic song among independence activists. The 1940 Lahore Resolution of the All-India Muslim League demanded sovereignty for the Muslim-majority areas in the northwest and northeast of India, which came to be called 'Pakistan' in popular parlance and the remaining India came to be called 'Hindustan'. The British officials too picked up the two terms and started using them officially."
"white people – hence its potential as a racial slur. In Nepal, the British are often referred to as Kuires/Khaires, which means 'people of white or pale colour'. It is also used in general for any European person with white skin. Ingraj is used in Maharashtra (Marathi) and West Bengal (Bengali) in India to refer to British people. Malayalis of Kerala use the term Sayyip to refer to a male westerner. The feminine equivalent is Madaamma. In Assam (which became part of British India in 1828), the British are called Boga Bongal (literally meaning 'white foreigners' or 'white intruders'). Bongal"
"and the Sudan. The term ""Near and Middle East"", held the stage for a few years before World War I. It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one. In 1916 Captain T. C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria just before the war. The book does not contain a single instance of ""Near East"". Instead, the entire region is considered ""the Middle East"". The formerly Near Eastern sections of his trip are now ""Turkish"" and not Ottoman."
"mean the Republic of India. The same is the case with Arabic, where is the name for the Republic of India. ""Hindustan"", as the term Hindu itself, entered the English language in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the term as used in English referred to the Subcontinent. ""Hindustan"" was in use simultaneously with ""India"" during the British Raj. Today, ""Hindustan"" is no longer in use as the official name for India. (Sanskrit: , 'abode of Aryans') is a name for North India, where the culture of the Indo-Aryans was based, in classical Sanskrit literature. Manu Smriti (2.22) gives"
"title created by British administrators during the 19th and 20th-century Colonial era and used in India, Africa and Asian colonies. They used it as a substitute for the word ""king"" to maintain that only the British monarch held that title. Since the title ""chief"" was already used in terms of district and town administrators, the addition of """" was made so as to distinguish between the ruling monarch and the local aristocracy. Khan, alternately spelled lowercase as khan and sometimes spelled as ""Han"", ""Xan"", ""Ke-Han"", Turkic: ""khān"", , Chinese: 可汗 or 汗, ""kehan"" or ""han"") is an originally Central Asian"
"limit going up to the Great Sea and the eastern limit at Kamarupa, the present day Assam. For the next ten centuries, both ""Hind"" and ""Hindustan"" were used within the subcontinent with exactly this meaning, along with their adjectives ""Hindawi"" and ""Hindustani"". With the Turko-Persian conquests starting in the 11th century, a narrower meaning of ""Hindustan"" also took shape. The conqueres were liable to call the lands under their control as """"Hindustan"""" ignoring the rest of the subcontinent. In the early 11th century a satellite state of the Ghaznavids in the Punjab with its capital at Lahore was called ""Hindustan""."
"it is especially popular. In the Indian subcontinent, the word ""huqqa"" is used (Devanagari: हुक़्क़ा, Eastern Nagari: হুক্কা, Nastaleeq: حقّہ); this word is the origin of the English word ""hookah"". The widespread use of the Indian word ""hookah"" in the English language is a result of the colonization in British India (1858–1947), when large numbers of expatriate Britons first sampled the water pipe. William Hickey, shortly after arriving in Kolkata, India, in 1775, wrote in his ""Memoirs"": ""Argilah"" or ""Argileh"" (, sometimes pronounced ""Argilee"") is the name most commonly used in Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kuwait and Iraq,"
"shortened to nob, giving the area its eventual name. The English use of ""nabob"" was for a person who become rapidly wealthy in a foreign country, typically India, and returned home with considerable power and influence. In England, the name was applied to men who made fortunes working for the East India Company and, on their return home, used the wealth to purchase seats in Parliament. A common fear was that these individuals – the nabobs, their agents, and those who took their bribes – would use their wealth and influence to corrupt Parliament. The collapse of the Company's finances"
"the Hindustani ""khak"", meaning the color of dust; a term that became current in mid-19th-century India. In the late 1840s native regiments raised for frontier service in the newly conquered Punjab were supplied with 'drab' coloured uniforms to make them ""invisible in a land of dust."" Learning from this practice, British troops took to dyeing their white drill uniforms to obtain more serviceable campaign clothing; a practice that became widespread during the crisis of the Indian Mutiny. Initially, improvised dyes produced clothing that range in shade from lavender grey to earth brown, although all were referred to as 'khaki.' In"
"varieties of folk performing arts, as opposed to the classical, pan-Indian ""margi"". Thus, ' () refers to one's own country or homeland, while """" () refers to another's country or a foreign land. While the original Sanskrit word meant 'country', with time its usage shifted more towards referring to people, cultures, and products of a specific region; for example, desi food, desi calendars, and desi dress. Desi contrasts with the Hindustani language word ""vilāyati"" (Anglicised as ""Blighty""), which originally referred only to Britain (during the British rule ""vilāyat"", an Arabic-origin word meaning 'state', signified Britain) but may also refer more"
"Landour Landour, a small cantonment town contiguous with Mussoorie, is about from the city of Dehradun in the northern state of Uttarakhand in India. The twin towns of Mussoorie and Landour, together, are a well-known British Raj-era hill station in northern India. Mussoorie-Landour was widely known as the ""Queen of the Hills"". The name Landour is drawn from Llanddowror, a village in Carmarthenshire in southwest Wales. During the Raj, it was common to give nostalgic English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish names to one's home (or even to British-founded towns), reflecting one's ethnicity. Names drawn from literary works were also common,"
"Farther India Farther India, or Ultraindia, is an old term, now rarely used, for Southeast Asia, seen in colonial days from Europe as the part of the Far East beyond the Indian subcontinent, but south of China. It refers to Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (aka Burma), Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand (former Siam), and Vietnam) and the Malay states (Brunei, East Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore), but usually not including East Timor or the Philippines, these neighbouring predominantly Malay states usually belong to the wider East Indies (which includes all of the above as well as the Indian subcontinent). Farther India is also"
"was notably adapted in the Arabic language as the definitive form () for India, e.g. in the 11th century ""Tarikh Al-Hind"" ('History of India'). It occurs intermittently in usage within India, such as in the phrase () or in (), the Standard Hindi name for the Indian Ocean, but otherwise is deemed archaic. Both the names were current in Persian and Arabic from the 11th century Islamic conquests: the rulers in the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal periods called their Indian dominion, centered around Delhi, ""Hindustan"" (; ). In contemporary Persian and Urdu language, the term Hindustan has recently come to"
"Hindustan Hindustan () is the Persian name for India, broadly the Indian subcontinent, which later became an endonym. After the Partition of India, it continues to be used as a historic name for the Republic of India. A secondary meaning of Hindustan is as a geographic term for the Indo-Gangetic Plain in northern India. Hindustan is derived from the Persian word ""Hindū"" cognate with the Sanskrit ""Sindhu"". The Proto-Iranian sound change ""*s"" > ""h"" occurred between 850–600 BCE, according to Asko Parpola. Hence, the Rigvedic ""sapta sindhava"" (the land of seven rivers) became ""hapta hindu"" in the Avesta. It was"
"are mostly indistinguishable, and even though the official standards are nearly identical in grammar, they differ in literary conventions and in academic and technical vocabulary, with Urdu adopting stronger Persian and Arabic influences, and Hindi relying more heavily on Sanskrit. Before the Partition of the British Indian Empire, the terms ""Hindustani, Urdu,"" and ""Hindi"" were synonymous; all covered what would be mostly called Urdu and Hindi today. The term ""Hindustani"" is still used for the colloquial language and the ""lingua franca"" of North India and Pakistan, for example for the language of Bollywood films, as well as for several quite"
"by most imperial powers in Indian subcontinent. The British and French backed various Indian states in conflicts between each other, both as a means of undermining each other's influence and consolidating their authority. The Durrand line divided Afghanistan and Northwest Pakistan, the homeland of the Pashtuns. Further, it is argued that the British used the strategy to destroy the harmony between various religions and use it for their benefits; a ""Times Literary Supplement"" review suggests that although this was broadly the case a more nuanced approach might be closer to the facts. Divide and rule Divide and rule (from Latin"
"and most were eventually repatriated by the New Zealand administration. By the 1820s, many Indians (they were referred to as Klings, or Keling, which was used as a derogatory word, much as the word Coolie) were voluntarily enlisting to go abroad for work, in the hopes of a better life. European merchants and businessmen quickly took advantage of this and began recruiting them for work as a cheap source of labour. The British began shipping Indians to colonies around the world, including British Mauritius, British Fiji, British Natal, British East Africa, British Tanganyika, British Somaliland, British Bechuanaland, British Seychelles, British"
"learned Urdu and Persian, and obtained an appointment as interpreter at Surat in 1822. Transferred to Kutch in 1826 as assistant to the political agent, he took an interest in the history and geography of north-western India and the adjacent countries, which had not yet been thoroughly explored by the British, then he went to Afghanistan. Afghanistan, one of the most remote and impoverished kingdoms in the world, found itself sandwiched between the rival British and Russian empires. British control in India made the Russians suspect an intention to move northwards through Afghanistan; conversely, the British feared that India was"
"as a derogatory term to refer to people of Indian descent, especially in Malaysia. The word ""Keling"" derives from the ancient Indian kingdom of Kalinga. While this was apparently sometimes localized as ""Kalingga"" (as in the Indonesian Kalingga Kingdom), the terminal schwa sound was dropped in common usage to form Keling. Though ostensibly denoting the Kalinga kingdom, the term Keling in ancient Southeast Asia came to be a more general term for India and its people. The Khmer word Kleng (ក្លិង្គ) and the Thai word ""Khaek"" (แขก) derived from the same root. Prior to the introduction of the English word"
"northern India, though Persian still retained much of its pre-eminence for a short period. The term ""Hindustani"" ( ""of ""Hindustan"""") was the name given to that variant of Khariboli. For socio-political reasons, though essentially the variant of Khariboli with Persian vocabulary, the emerging prestige dialect became also known as ""Zabān-e Urdū-e Mualla"" ""language of the court"" or ""Zabān-e Urdū"" , ज़बान-ए उर्दू, ""language of the camp"" in Persian, derived from Turkic ""Ordū"" ""camp"", cognate with English ""horde"", due to its origin as the common speech of the Mughal army). The more highly Persianised version later established as a language of"