"rodents. Conditioned fear may be inherited transgenerationally. In one experiment, mice were conditioned to fear an acetophenone odor and then set up to breed subsequent generations of mice. Those subsequent generations of mice also showed a behavioral sensitivity to acetophenone, which was accompanied by neuroanatomical and epigenetic changes that are believed to have been inherited from the parents' gametes. The learning involved in conditioned fear, as well as the underlying neurobiology, changes dramatically from infancy, across childhood and adolescence, into adulthood and aging. Specifically, infant animals show an inability to develop fear associations, whereas their adult counterparts develop fear memories"
"Zoophobia Zoophobia or animal phobia is a class of specific phobias to particular animals, or an irrational fear or even simply dislike of any non-human animals. Examples of specific zoophobias would be entomophobias, such as that of bees (apiphobia). Fears of spiders (arachnophobia), birds (ornithophobia) and snakes (ophidiophobia) are also common. See the article at -phobia for the list of various phobias. Sigmund Freud mentioned that an animal phobia is one of the most frequent psychoneurotic diseases among children. Zoophobia is not the sensible fear of dangerous or threatening animals, such as wild dogs (example: wolves, dingoes, and coyotes), big"
"cats, bears or venomous snakes. It is a phobia of animals that causes distress or dysfunction in the individual's everyday life. Zoophobia Zoophobia or animal phobia is a class of specific phobias to particular animals, or an irrational fear or even simply dislike of any non-human animals. Examples of specific zoophobias would be entomophobias, such as that of bees (apiphobia). Fears of spiders (arachnophobia), birds (ornithophobia) and snakes (ophidiophobia) are also common. See the article at -phobia for the list of various phobias. Sigmund Freud mentioned that an animal phobia is one of the most frequent psychoneurotic diseases among children."
"Cynophobia Cynophobia (from the ""kýōn"" ""dog"" and ""phóbos"" ""fear"") is the fear of dogs. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype ""animal phobias"". According to Dr. Timothy O. Rentz of the Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders at the University of Texas, animal phobias are among the most common of the specific phobias and 36% of patients who seek treatment report being afraid of dogs or cats. Although snakes and spiders are more common animal phobias, cynophobia is especially debilitating because of the high prevalence of dogs (for example, there are an estimated 25 million stray"
"Fear of falling The fear of falling (FOF), also referred to as basophobia (or basiphobia), is a natural fear and is typical of most humans and mammals, in varying degrees of extremity. It differs from acrophobia (the fear of heights), although the two fears are closely related. The fear of falling encompasses the anxieties accompanying the sensation and the possibly dangerous effects of falling, as opposed to the heights themselves. Those who have little fear of falling may be said to have a head for heights. Basophobia is sometimes associated with astasia-abasia, the fear of walking/standing erect. Studies done by"
"phobia are usually able to maintain the improvement over the long-term. As avoidance contributes to the perpetuation of the phobia, constant, yet safe, real world interaction is recommended during and after therapy in order to reinforce positive exposure to the animal. Cynophobia Cynophobia (from the ""kýōn"" ""dog"" and ""phóbos"" ""fear"") is the fear of dogs. Cynophobia is classified as a specific phobia, under the subtype ""animal phobias"". According to Dr. Timothy O. Rentz of the Laboratory for the Study of Anxiety Disorders at the University of Texas, animal phobias are among the most common of the specific phobias and 36%"
"of both in vivo and in vitro desensitization during treatment. It is also helpful to encourage patients to experience some positive associations with mice: thus, the feared stimulus is paired with the positive rather than being continuously reinforced by the negative. An exaggerated, phobic fear of mice and rats has traditionally been depicted as a stereotypical trait of women, with numerous books, cartoons, television shows, and films portraying women screaming and jumping onto chairs or tables at the sight of a mouse – for example, Mammy Two Shoes in ""Tom and Jerry"". Despite the gender-stereotype portrayal Western murophobia has always"
"Equinophobia Equinophobia or hippophobia is a psychological fear of horses. ""Equinophobia"" is derived from the Greek word φόβος (""phóbos""), meaning ""fear"" and the Latin word ""equus"", meaning ""horse"". The term ""hippophobia"" is also derived from the Greek word ""phóbos"" with the prefix derived from the Greek word for horse, ἵππος (""híppos""). An example of the phobia can be found in Freud's psychoanalytic study of Little Hans. The following symptoms can be exhibited when a person suffering from equinophobia either thinks of a horse or is physically near one: Sufferers of equinophobia may also fear other hoofed animals such as donkeys,"
"Ailurophobia Ailurophobia is a type of specific phobia: the persistent, irrational fear of cats. The name comes from the Greek (), 'cat' and (), 'fear'. Other names include felinophobia, elurophobia, and cat phobia. The phobia manifests itself in different ways. For most people it is less about fear than about loathing, similar to the reaction many people have to snakes or rats. Some people experience it almost all the time, others just in response to direct stimuli. Some possible situations that can trigger the loathing of cats are hearing purring, seeing a cat in real life, imagining the possibility of"
"Mysophobia Mysophobia, also known as verminophobia, germophobia, germaphobia, bacillophobia and bacteriophobia, is a pathological fear of contamination and germs. The term was coined by William A. Hammond in 1879 when describing a case of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibited in repeatedly washing one's hands. Mysophobia has long been related to compulsive hand washing. Names pertaining directly to the abnormal fear of dirt and filth include molysmophobia or molysomophobia, rhypophobia, and rupophobia, whereas the terms bacillophobia and bacteriophobia specifically refer to the fear of bacteria and microbes in general. The term ""mysophobia"" comes from the Greek μύσος (""musos""), ""uncleanness"" and φόβος (""phobos""),"
"Ophidiophobia Ophidiophobia or ophiophobia is a particular type of specific phobia, the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called by a more general term, herpetophobia, fear of reptiles. The word comes from the Greek words ""ophis"" (), snake, and ""phobia"" () meaning fear. About a third of adult humans are ophidiophobic, making this the most common reported phobia. A 2001 study at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggested that mammals may have an innate negative reaction to snakes (and spiders), which was vital for their survival as it allowed such dangerous threats to be identified immediately. A 2009 report"
"""fear"". Mysophobia Mysophobia, also known as verminophobia, germophobia, germaphobia, bacillophobia and bacteriophobia, is a pathological fear of contamination and germs. The term was coined by William A. Hammond in 1879 when describing a case of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibited in repeatedly washing one's hands. Mysophobia has long been related to compulsive hand washing. Names pertaining directly to the abnormal fear of dirt and filth include molysmophobia or molysomophobia, rhypophobia, and rupophobia, whereas the terms bacillophobia and bacteriophobia specifically refer to the fear of bacteria and microbes in general. The term ""mysophobia"" comes from the Greek μύσος (""musos""), ""uncleanness"" and φόβος"
"during the Maslenitsa week or early in the Lent. House mouse The house mouse (""Mus musculus"") is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, and a long naked or almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus ""Mus"". Although a wild animal, the house mouse has benefited significantly from associating with human habitation to the point that truly wild populations are significantly less common than the semi-tame populations near human activity. The house mouse has been domesticated as the pet or fancy mouse, and as the"
"Rat n 1 (""Rattus norvegicus"" allergen 1), the product of the rat ""Mup13"" gene. Mice are fearful of these major urinary proteins (Mups) even when they are made in bacteria, but mutant animals that are unable to detect the Mups show no fear of rats, demonstrating their importance in initiating fearful behaviour. It is not known exactly how Mups from different species initiate disparate behaviours, but mouse Mups and predator Mups have been shown to activate unique patterns of sensory neurons in the nose of recipient mice. This implies the mouse perceives them differently, via distinct neural circuits. The pheromone"
"has a fear of cats. The title character in the comic strip ""Big Nate"" has ailurophobia. The character Robbie Jackson, in the BBC soap opera ""EastEnders"" has the condition. Impractical Joker Sal Vulcano has ailurophobia. Xiumin of musical group Exo developed ailurophobia in his childhood due to being attacked by a cat. He apparently overcame his fear at some point in his mid 20s, as he's had a pet cat since at least December 2016 and stated cats as his favorite animal in the seventh volume of the Exo-L Japan Official Book, which was released February 2018. Ailurophobia Ailurophobia is"
"Pogonophobia Pogonophobia is the fear of beards. The term ""pogonophobia"" is derived from the Greek words ""pogon"" (πώγων) for beard and ""phobos"" (φόβος) for fear. Its antonym would be ""pogonophilia"", that is the love of beards or bearded persons. David Smith's 1851 publication of ""The Covenanter"" of the Reformed Presbyterian Church describes the Jesuits of Baden as suffering ""a veritable pogonophobia at the sight of a democratic chin."" The term is generally meant to be taken in a jocular vein. In the 1920s, psychologist John B. Watson was able to condition this fear in a young boy by means of"
"mules, and ponies. Negative experiences with horses during one's childhood may give rise to this phobia. Equinophobia may also be triggered by a fall from a horse. In many cases, people begin to avoid horses and this gradually develops from fear to a full-blown phobia. The phobia can also be caused by a simple fear of the animal itself. A horse's imposing size and weight and large teeth may scare some people, especially children. Negative media portrayals of horses and stallions may add to one's fears. Many treatment options are available for those suffering from it. Cognitive behavioral therapy is"
"House mouse The house mouse (""Mus musculus"") is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, and a long naked or almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant species of the genus ""Mus"". Although a wild animal, the house mouse has benefited significantly from associating with human habitation to the point that truly wild populations are significantly less common than the semi-tame populations near human activity. The house mouse has been domesticated as the pet or fancy mouse, and as the laboratory mouse, which is one of the most important"
"Entomophobia Entomophobia (also known as insectophobia) is a specific phobia characterized by an excessive or unrealistic fear of one or more classes of insect, and classified as a phobia by the DSM-5. More specific cases included apiphobia (fear of bees), myrmecophobia (fear of ants), and lepidopterophobia (fear of moths and butterflies). One book claims 6% of all US inhabitants have this phobia. Lepidopterophobia can be developed in some ways. One of them by having a scary experience or if the person believes that the insect is dangerous. For example, if the person thinks a butterfly is poisonous, he/she will do"
"a horse. For extreme cases, it may also be necessary to use medication, even though its effects are only short term. Equinophobia Equinophobia or hippophobia is a psychological fear of horses. ""Equinophobia"" is derived from the Greek word φόβος (""phóbos""), meaning ""fear"" and the Latin word ""equus"", meaning ""horse"". The term ""hippophobia"" is also derived from the Greek word ""phóbos"" with the prefix derived from the Greek word for horse, ἵππος (""híppos""). An example of the phobia can be found in Freud's psychoanalytic study of Little Hans. The following symptoms can be exhibited when a person suffering from equinophobia either"
"common approach for treating specific phobias); programs vary. Fear of bees Fear of bees (or of bee stings), technically known as melissophobia (from , ""melissa"", ""honey bee"" + , ""phobos"", ""fear"") and also known as apiphobia (from Latin ""apis"" for ""honey bee"" + """", ""phobos"", ""fear""), is one of the common fears among people and is a kind of specific phobia. Most people have been stung by a bee or had friends or family members stung. A child may fall victim by treading on a bee while playing outside. The sting can be quite painful and in some individuals results"
"from the police force after an incident which causes him to develop both acrophobia and vertigo. Early on in the film he faints while climbing a stepladder. There are numerous references throughout the film to fear of heights and falling, Fear of falling The fear of falling (FOF), also referred to as basophobia (or basiphobia), is a natural fear and is typical of most humans and mammals, in varying degrees of extremity. It differs from acrophobia (the fear of heights), although the two fears are closely related. The fear of falling encompasses the anxieties accompanying the sensation and the possibly"
"Fear of frogs Fear of frogs and toads is both a known specific phobia, known simply as frog phobia or ranidaphobia (from ""ranidae"", the most widespread family of frogs), and a superstition common to the folkways of many cultures. Psychiatric speciality literature uses the simple term ""fear of frogs"" rather than any specialized term. The term batrachophobia has also been recorded in a 1953 psychiatric dictionary. According to some, the sight of a frog may be a bad omen. As well, a common myth says that touching frogs and toads may give one warts. (In many other cultures, frogs are"
"Fear of bees Fear of bees (or of bee stings), technically known as melissophobia (from , ""melissa"", ""honey bee"" + , ""phobos"", ""fear"") and also known as apiphobia (from Latin ""apis"" for ""honey bee"" + """", ""phobos"", ""fear""), is one of the common fears among people and is a kind of specific phobia. Most people have been stung by a bee or had friends or family members stung. A child may fall victim by treading on a bee while playing outside. The sting can be quite painful and in some individuals results in swelling that may last for several days"
"of a 40-year research program demonstrated strong fear conditioning to snakes in humans and fast nonconscious processing of snake images; these are mediated by a fear network in the human brain involving the amygdala. A 2013 study provided neurobiological evidence in primates (macaques) of natural selection for detecting snakes rapidly. In non-medical press and literature, the movie-character Indiana Jones has been used as an example of someone with ophidiophobia, or just fear of snakes. Ophidiophobia Ophidiophobia or ophiophobia is a particular type of specific phobia, the abnormal fear of snakes. It is sometimes called by a more general term, herpetophobia,"
"of the cat ""Mup"" gene, and Rat n 1 (""Rattus norvegicus"" allergen 1), the product of the rat ""Mup13"" gene. Mice are fearful of these Mups even when they are made in bacteria, but mutant animals that are unable to detect the Mups showed no fear of rats, demonstrating their importance in initiating fearful behaviour. It is not known exactly how Mups from different species initiate disparate behaviours, but mouse Mups and predator Mups have been shown to activate unique patterns of sensory neurons in the nose of recipient mice. This implies the mouse perceives them differently, via distinct neural"
"Mageirocophobia Mageirocophobia (""pronunciation"": ˌmædʒaɪrɪk-a-pho-bee-a) is the fear of cooking. It is spectral and can take on several forms, although it is not considered severe enough for treatment unless a person is severely afraid or impacted. Most frequently, it is a common social anxiety disorder caused by negative reactions to common culinary mishaps, post-traumatic stress episodes from cooking or the fear of others' cooking for the phobic person that either prevents them from eating, eating only pre-prepared foods and snacks, or causes them to eat away or take away foods that can result in unhealthy diets associated with hypertension, obesity, and"
"Osmophobia Osmophobia or olfactophobia refers to a fear, aversion, or psychological hypersensitivity to odors. The phobia generally occurs in chronic migraine sufferers who may have ""odor triggered"" migraines. Such migraines are most frequently triggered by foul odors, but the hypersensitivity may extend to all odors. One study found as many as 25% of migraine sufferers had some degree of osmophobia. The condition may also be present in individuals in substance withdrawal, specifically opioid withdrawal syndrome, where it is usually associated with nausea and/or vomiting. The term ""osmophobia"" comes from the Greek ὀσμή - ""osmē"", meaning ""smell, odour"" and φόβος -"
"threatens to eat the mouse, but again the mouse is cunning: he tells the gruffalo that he, the mouse, is the scariest animal in the forest. Laughing, the gruffalo agrees to follow the mouse as he demonstrates how feared he is. The two walk through the forest, encountering in turn the animals that had earlier menaced the mouse. Each is terrified by the sight of the pair and runs off – and each time the gruffalo becomes more impressed with the mouse's apparent toughness. Exploiting this, the mouse threatens to eat the gruffalo, which flees. The story is based on"
"animal metaphor seem to have evolved over the book's making—in the original publication of the first volume, his self-portrait showed a mouse head on a human body, but by the time the second volume arrived, his self-portrait had become that of a man wearing a mouse mask. In ""Maus"", the characters seem to be mice and cats only in their predator/prey relationship. In every respect other than their heads and tails, they act and speak as ordinary humans. Further complicating the animal metaphor, Anja is ironically shown to be afraid of mice, while other characters appear with pet dogs and"
"Mouse A mouse, plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate. The best known mouse species is the common house mouse (""Mus musculus""). It is also a popular pet. In some places, certain kinds of field mice are locally common. They are known to invade homes for food and shelter. Species of mice are mostly found in Rodentia, and are present throughout the order. Typical mice are found in the genus Mus. Mice are typically distinguished from rats by their size. Generally, when someone discovers"
"Appeasing Pheromone, a synthetic analogue of a hormone secreted by nursing canine mothers. Studies have also shown that cats can be afraid of thunderstorms. Whilst it is less common, cats have been known to hide under a table or behind a couch during a thunderstorm. Generally if any animal is anxious during a thunderstorm or any similar, practically harmless event (e.g. fireworks display), it is advised to simply continue behaving normally, instead of attempting to comfort animals. Showing fearlessness is, arguably, the best method to ""cure"" the anxiety. Astraphobia Astraphobia, also known as astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia is an"
"a trypophobic reaction include clustered holes in innocuous contexts, such as fruit and bubbles, and in contexts associated with danger, such as holes made by insects and holes in wounds and diseased tissue such as those caused by mango worms in animals, especially dogs. Upon seeing these shapes, some people said they shuddered, felt their skin crawl, experienced panic attacks, sweated, palpitated, or felt nauseated or itchy. Other reported symptoms include goose bumps, body shakes, feeling uncomfortable, and visual discomfort such as eyestrain, distortions, or illusions. Trypophobia may manifest as a reaction of fear, disgust, or both. Disgust is usually"