"and is more severe and more protracted than in the non-diabetic population. People with diabetes, stroke, lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or heart disease are at a higher risk for frozen shoulder. Injury or surgery to the shoulder or arm may cause blood flow damage or the capsule to tighten from reduced use during recovery. Adhesive capsulitis has been indicated as a possible adverse effect of some forms of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Cases have also been reported after breast and lung surgery. This article contains text from the public domain document ""Frozen Shoulder"", American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Adhesive"
"clotting involvement. Death may result from multiple organ failure. Individuals with CAPS often exhibit a positive test to antilipid antibodies, typically IgG, and may or may not have a history of lupus or another connective tissue disease. Association with another disease such as lupus is called a secondary APS unless it includes the defining criteria for CAPS. Treatments may involve the following steps: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), also known as Asherson's syndrome, is an acute and complex biological process that leads to occlusion of small vessels of various organs. It was first described by Ronald Asherson in"
"Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), also known as Asherson's syndrome, is an acute and complex biological process that leads to occlusion of small vessels of various organs. It was first described by Ronald Asherson in 1992. The syndrome exhibits thrombotic microangiopathy, multiple organ thrombosis, and in some cases tissue necrosis and is considered an extreme or catastrophic variant of the antiphospholipid syndrome. CAPS has a mortality rate of about 50%. With the establishment of a CAPS-Registry more has been learned about this syndrome, but its cause remains unknown. Infection, trauma, medication, and/or surgery can be identified in about"
"Carpenter syndrome Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, and syndactyly. It was first characterized in 1909, and is named for George Alfred Carpenter. Carpenter syndrome presents several features: Intellectual disability is also common with the disorder, although some patients may have average intellectual capacity. Carpenter Syndrome belongs to a group of rare genetic disorders known as acrocephalopolysyndactyly, abbreviated ACPS (RN, 2007). There were originally five types of ACPS, but this number has been decreased because they have been found to be closely related to one another"
"Acrocallosal syndrome Acrocallosal syndrome (also known as ACLS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, polydactyly, multiple dysmorphic features, motor and mental retardation, and other symptoms. The syndrome was first described by Albert Schinzel in 1979. It is associated with ""GLI3"". Acrocallosal syndrome (ACLS, ACS, Schinzel-Type, Hallux-duplication) is a rare, heterogeneous [3] autosomal recessive disorder first discovered by Albert Schinzel (1979) in a 3-year-old boy . To inherit ACLS, one gene copy from each parent must contain a mutation somewhere in the KIF7 gene and be passed on to the child [3]. Characteristics of this syndrome"
"possess the ability to pass the disease onto their offspring if their spouse is also a carrier of the particular gene. Carpenter syndrome Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, and syndactyly. It was first characterized in 1909, and is named for George Alfred Carpenter. Carpenter syndrome presents several features: Intellectual disability is also common with the disorder, although some patients may have average intellectual capacity. Carpenter Syndrome belongs to a group of rare genetic disorders known as acrocephalopolysyndactyly, abbreviated ACPS (RN, 2007). There were originally five"
"Alveolar capillary dysplasia Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare, congenital diffuse lung disease characterized by abnormal blood vessels in the lungs that cause highly elevated pulmonary blood pressure and an inability to effectively oxygenate and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. ACD typically presents in newborn babies within hours of birth as rapid and labored breathing, blue-colored lips or skin, quickly leading to respiratory failure and death. Atypical forms of ACD have been reported with initially milder symptoms and survival of many months before the onset of respiratory failure or lung transplantation. Most cases of ACD are caused by"
"Bayard D. Clarkson in 1960, after whom it was later informally named. Beyond numerous case reports published since then, three comprehensive reviews of clinical and research experience were published in 2017. Additional links: Capillary leak syndrome Capillary leak syndrome is characterized by the escape of blood plasma through capillary walls, from the blood circulatory system to surrounding tissues, muscle compartments, organs or body cavities. It is a phenomenon most commonly witnessed in sepsis, and less frequently in autoimmune diseases, differentiation syndrome, engraftment syndrome, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, viral hemorrhagic fevers, and snakebite and ricin poisoning. Pharmaceuticals, including the"
"self-limited. It is most often seen in children newly exposed to ""H. capsulatum"" or in heavily exposed individuals. Erythematous skin conditions arising from antigen reactions may complicate the disease, as may myalgias, arthralgias, and rarely, arthritic conditions. Emphysema sufferers may contract chronic cavitary pulmonary histoplasmosis as a disease complication; eventually the cavity formed may be occupied by an ""Aspergillus"" fungus ball (aspergilloma), potentially leading to massive hemoptysis. Another uncommon form of histoplasmosis is a slowly progressing condition known as granulomatous mediastinitis, in which the lymph nodes in the mediastinal cavity between the lungs become inflamed and ultimately necrotic; the swollen"
"more notable people living with ABS are: Amniotic band constriction Amniotic band constriction (also known as ""amniotic band syndrome"", ""ADAM complex"", ""Amniotic band sequence"", ""Congenital constriction bands"" and ""Pseudoainhum"") is a congenital disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts (usually a limb or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero. The constriction of appendages by amniotic bands may result in: A strong relationship between ABS and clubfoot (also called ""talipes"") exists. A 31.5% of associated clubfoot deformity and ABS can be correlated with 20% occurring bilaterally. Other abnormalities found with ABS include: clubhands, cleft lip, and/or cleft palate, and"
"but with developmental delays [2]. Acrocallosal syndrome (ACLS, ACS, Schinzel-Type) is a rare, heterogeneous, autosomal recessive disorder [3]. The heterogeneity of this condition refers to the multiple genes that may function to contribute to varying degrees of this syndrome [3] and is often linked to consanguinity [2,5]. Characteristics of this syndrome include agenesis of the corpus, macrocephaly, hypertelorism, polydactyly, mental and motor retardation [2], craniofacial dysmorphism, hallux duplication [3], and sometimes palatal clefting [5]. It has also been reported that there are many similar signs and symptoms between ACLS, Greig cephalopolysyndactyly, and Hydrolethalus Syndrome (HLS), although there is little evidence"
"Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a group of rare, heterogeneous autoinflammatory disease characterized by interleukin 1β-mediated systemic inflammation and clinical symptoms involving skin, joints, central nervous system, and eyes. It encompasses a spectrum of three clinically overlapping autoinflammatory syndromes including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS, formerly termed familial cold-induced urticaria), the Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID, also called chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome or CINCA) that were originally thought to be distinct entities, but in fact share a single genetic mutation and pathogenic pathway, and keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria in which the"
"Asherman's syndrome Asherman's syndrome (AS), which is also referred to as intrauterine adhesions (IUA) or intrauterine synechiae, is an acquired uterine condition that occurs when scar tissue (adhesions) form inside the uterus and/or the cervix. It is characterized by variable scarring inside the uterine cavity, where in many cases the front and back walls of the uterus stick to one another. AS can be the cause of menstrual disturbances, infertility, and placental abnormalities. Although the first case of intrauterine adhesion was published in 1894 by Heinrich Fritsch, it was only after 54 years that a full description of Asherman syndrome"
"Triple-A syndrome Triple-A syndrome or AAA syndrome, also known as achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome or Allgrove syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder. In most cases, there is no family history of it. The syndrome was first identified by Jeremy Allgrove and colleagues in 1978. The syndrome involves achalasia, addisonianism (adrenal insufficiency of primary type), and alacrima (insufficiency of tears). Alacrima is usually the earliest manifestation. It is a progressive disorder that can take years to develop the full blown clinical picture. Individuals affected by AAA have adrenal insufficiency/Addison's disease due to ACTH resistance, alacrima (absence of tear secretion), and achalasia"
"Aspergillosis Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by infection by fungi of the genus ""Aspergillus"". The majority of cases occur in people with underlying illnesses such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but with otherwise healthy immune systems. Most commonly, aspergillosis occurs in the form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), aspergilloma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Some forms are intertwined; for example ABPA and simple aspergilloma can progress to CPA. Other, noninvasive manifestations include fungal sinusitis (both allergic in nature and with established fungal balls), otomycosis (ear infection), keratitis (eye infection), and onychomycosis"
"more severe and generalized form called Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The mortality rate is less than 3% for infected children, but up to 60% in adults. Bullous impetigo can appear around the diaper region, axilla, or neck. The bacteria causes a toxin to be produced that reduces cell-to-cell stickiness (adhesion), causing for the top layer of skin (epidermis), and lower layer of skin (dermis) to separate. Vesicles rapidly enlarge and form the bullae which is a blister more than 5mm across. Bullae is also known as Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Other associated symptoms are itching, swelling of nearby glands,"
"thought not to be different from scarlet fever caused by staphylococcal exotoxin after Keith Powell proposed equating it with the condition currently known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in 1979. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as pemphigus neonatorum or Ritter's disease, or localized bullous impetigo is a dermatological condition caused by ""Staphylococcus aureus"". The disease presents with the widespread formation of fluid-filled blisters that are thin walled and easily ruptured, and the patient can be positive for Nikolsky's sign. Ritter's disease of the newborn is the most severe form of SSSS, with similar signs"
"Acquired generalized lipodystrophy Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (also known as ""Lawrence syndrome,"" and ""Lawrence–Seip syndrome"", abbreviation: AGL) is a rare skin condition that appears during childhood or adolescence, characterized by fat loss affecting large areas of the body, particularly the face, arms, and legs. There are 4 types of lipodystrophy based on its onset and areas affected: acquired or inherited (congenital or familial), and generalized or partial. Both acquired or inherited lipodystrophy present as loss of adipose tissues. The near-total loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue is termed generalized lipodystrophy while the selective loss of adipose tissues is denoted as partial lipodystrophy."
"CANDLE syndrome Chronic Atypical Neutrophilic Dermatosis with Lipodystrophy and Elevated Temperature (CANDLE) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that presents itself via various autoinflammatory responses throughout the body, multiple types of skin lesions, and recurrent long-term fever symptoms. The current known cause for the disorder is a mutation in the PSMB8 gene or mutations in other closely related genes. The syndrome was first named and classified in March 2010 after four patients were reviewed with similar symptoms. There have been approximately 30 cases ever reported in the scientific literature, as of 2015. The symptoms of CANDLE syndrome can manifest themselves"
"Aplasia cutis congenita Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare disorder characterized by congenital absence of skin. Frieden classified ACC in 1986 into 9 groups on the basis of location of the lesions and associated congenital anomalies. The scalp is the most commonly involved area with lesser involvement of trunk and extremities. Frieden classified ACC with fetus papyraceus as type 5. This type presents as truncal ACC with symmetrical absence of skin in stellate or butterfly pattern with or without involvement of proximal limbs. It is the most common congenital cicatricial alopecia, and is a congenital focal absence of epidermis"
"autoinflammatory symptoms affect only the anterior segment of the eye. The syndromes within CAPS overlap clinically, and patients may have features of more than one disorder. In a retrospective cohort of 136 CAPS patients with systemic involvement from 16 countries, the most prevalent clinical features were fever (84% of cases, often with concurrent constitutional symptoms such as fatigue, malaise, mood disorders or failure to thrive), skin rash (either urticarial or maculopapular rash; 97% of cases) especially after cold exposure, and musculoskeletal involvement (myalgia, arthralgia, and/or arthritis, or less commonly joint contracture, patellar overgrowth, bone deformity, bone erosion and/or osteolytic lesion;"
"been linked to mutations in the ribosomal GTPase BMS1 gene. Aplasia cutis congenita Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare disorder characterized by congenital absence of skin. Frieden classified ACC in 1986 into 9 groups on the basis of location of the lesions and associated congenital anomalies. The scalp is the most commonly involved area with lesser involvement of trunk and extremities. Frieden classified ACC with fetus papyraceus as type 5. This type presents as truncal ACC with symmetrical absence of skin in stellate or butterfly pattern with or without involvement of proximal limbs. It is the most common congenital"
"Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an acquired inflammatory uveitis that belongs to the heterogenous group of white dot syndromes in which light-coloured (yellowish-white) lesions begin to form in the macular area of the retina. Early in the course of the disease, the lesions cause acute and marked vision loss (if it interferes with the optic nerve) that ranges from mild to severe but is usually transient in nature. APMPPE is classified as an inflammatory disorder that is usually bilateral and acute in onset but self-limiting. The lesions leave behind some pigmentation,"
"injury that leads to lack of use due to pain. Rheumatic disease progression and recent shoulder surgery can also cause frozen shoulder. Intermittent periods of use may cause inflammation. Adhesions (abnormal bands of tissue) grow between the joint surfaces, restricting motion. There is also a lack of synovial fluid, which normally lubricates the gap between the arm bone and socket to help the shoulder joint move. It is this restricted space between the capsule and ball of the humerus that distinguishes adhesive capsulitis from a less complicated painful, stiff shoulder. People with diabetes, stroke, lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and heart"
"Histoplasmosis Histoplasmosis (also known as ""Cave disease"", ""Darling's disease"", ""Ohio valley disease"", ""reticuloendotheliosis"", ""spelunker's lung"" and ""caver's disease"") is a disease caused by the fungus ""Histoplasma capsulatum"". Symptoms of this infection vary greatly, but the disease affects primarily the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are affected; this is called disseminated histoplasmosis, and it can be fatal if left untreated. Histoplasmosis is common among AIDS patients because of their suppressed immunity. In immunocompetent individuals, past infection results in partial protection against ill effects if reinfected. ""Histoplasma capsulatum"" is found in soil, often associated with decaying bat guano or bird droppings. Disruption of"
"Agenesis of the corpus callosum Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a rare birth defect (congenital disorder) in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum. It occurs when the corpus callosum, the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, fails to develop normally, typically during pregnancy. The fibers that would otherwise form the corpus callosum become longitudinally oriented along the ipsilateral ventricular wall and form structures called Probst bundles. In addition to agenesis of the corpus callosum, other callosal disorders include hypogenesis (partial agenesis, usually referring to the length), dysgenesis"
"Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as pemphigus neonatorum or Ritter's disease, or localized bullous impetigo is a dermatological condition caused by ""Staphylococcus aureus"". The disease presents with the widespread formation of fluid-filled blisters that are thin walled and easily ruptured, and the patient can be positive for Nikolsky's sign. Ritter's disease of the newborn is the most severe form of SSSS, with similar signs and symptoms. SSSS often includes a widespread painful erythroderma, often involving the face, diaper, and other intertriginous areas. Extensive areas of desquamation might be present. Perioral crusting and fissuring are"
"Aicardi–Goutières syndrome Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), which is completely distinct from the similarly named Aicardi syndrome, is a rare, usually early onset childhood, inflammatory disorder most typically affecting the brain and the skin (neurodevelopmental disorder). The majority of affected individuals experience significant intellectual and physical problems, although this is not always the case. The clinical features of AGS can mimic those of ""in utero"" acquired infection, and some characteristics of the condition also overlap with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Following an original description of eight cases in 1984, the condition was first referred to as 'Aicardi–Goutières syndrome' (AGS)"
"(ACC) is a rare congenital disorder that is one of the most common brain malformations observed in human beings, in which the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent. ACC is usually diagnosed within the first two years of life, and may manifest as a severe syndrome in infancy or childhood, as a milder condition in young adults, or as an asymptomatic incidental finding. Initial symptoms of ACC usually include seizures, which may be followed by feeding problems and delays in holding the head erect, sitting, standing, and walking. Other possible symptoms may include impairments in mental and physical development,"
"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (also known as pustular drug eruption and toxic pustuloderma) is a rare skin reaction that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration. AGEP is characterized by sudden skin eruptions that appear on average five days after a medication is started. These eruptions are pustules, i.e. small red white or red elevations of the skin that contain cloudy or purulent material (pus). The skin lesions usually resolve within 1–3 days of stopping the offending medication. However, more severe cases are associated with a more persistent disorder that may be complicated"
"Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type III, is a rare genetic disorder that has been associated with abnormalities in the bones of the legs, congenital heart defects and craniofacial defects. The syndrome belongs to a group of rare genetic disorders known as acrocephalopolysyndactyly or ACPS, for short. The syndrome was first reported in an eight-year-old boy, but very few cases have been reported since then. The syndrome is detected by abnormalities noted at birth involving the head, limbs, heart, ears, and skin. It is characterized by premature closure of the fibrous joints between certain bones of the skull"
"genospecies 2"" were reclassified under the new species name ""Actinomyces oris"". Those formerly known as """"Actinomyces naeslundi"" genospecies WVA 963"" were reclassified as ""Actinomyces johnsonii"". Many species of the genus ""Actinomyces"", including ""A. naeslundii"", cause a chronic disease called actinomycosis, which is characterized by swelling and formation of an abscess which may exude pus. This can be accompanied by tissue fibrosis. Infections of the mouth, face, and neck are the most commonly recognized infections; however, the thoracic region, abdomen, pelvis, and the central nervous system can also be involved. Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium found in"
"ACLS and related disorders [5]. More specifically, mutations observed by Elson et al., (2002), in the GLI3 gene have yielded similar characteristics to ACLS, but further evidence is needed since the corpus callosum is usually present in these cases. Other studies have also indicated that KIF7 interacts with Gli transcription factors, so mutations in the KIF7 gene may be upstream effectors of GLI3 [6]. Further understanding about the functionality of ACLS and its underlying mechanisms opens new doors to pharmacological manipulation and other forms of molecular therapy. Acrocallosal syndrome Acrocallosal syndrome (also known as ACLS) is a rare autosomal recessive"