"agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a territorial exchange. The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat, the lower peak of the Ararat massif. Ararat (sometimes ""Ararad"") is the Greek version of the Hebrew spelling (אֲרָרָט; ""'RRṬ"") of the name Urartu, a kingdom that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC. German orientalist and Bible critic Wilhelm Gesenius speculated that the word ""Ararat"" came from the Sanskrit word ""Arjanwartah"", meaning ""holy ground."" Some Armenian historians, such as , link the origin of the word ""Ararat"" to the root of the endonym of the indigenous peoples"
"Mountains of Ararat In the Book of Genesis, the mountains of Ararat (Biblical Hebrew , Tiberian """", Septuagint: ) is the term used to designate the region in which Noah's Ark comes to rest after the Great Flood. It corresponds to ancient Assyrian Urartu, an exonym for the Kingdom of Van. Citing historians Berossus, Hieronymus the Egyptian, Mnaseas, and Nicolaus of Damascus, Josephus writes in his ""Antiquities of the Jews"" that ""[t]he ark rested on the top of a certain mountain in Armenia, . . . over Minyas, called Baris."" Likewise, in the Latin Vulgate, Jerome translates Genesis 8:4 to"
"rest."" Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, also mentioned Mount Ararat as the resting place of Noah's Ark in his speech at the Etchmiadzin Cathedral during his visit to Armenia in 2010. Those critical of this view point out that Ararat was the name of the country, not the mountain, at the time when Genesis was written. Arnold wrote in his 2008 Genesis commentary, ""The location 'on the mountains' of Ararat indicates not a specific mountain by that name, but rather the mountainous region of the land of Ararat."" Ararat has traditionally been the main"
"H. F. B. Lynch (1893)—climbed the mountain. The first winter climb was by Turkish alpinist Bozkurt Ergör, the former president of the Turkish Mountaineering Federation, who climbed the peak on 21 February 1970. According to the fourth verse of the eighth chapter of the Book of Genesis (Genesis 8:4), following a flood, Noah's Ark landed on the ""mountains of Ararat"" (Biblical , ""hare ararat""). Most historians and Bible scholars agree that ""Ararat"" is the Hebrew name of Urartu, the geographic predecessor of Armenia and referred to the wider region at the time and not the mountain today known as Ararat."
"""largely because it would have been the first peak to emerge from the receding flood waters."" Ararat is where the European tradition and most of Western Christianity place the landing of Noah's Ark. According to Spencer and Lienard the tradition ""seems to be well entrenched in the Christian world."" A 1722 biblical dictionary by Austin Calmet and the 1871 Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary both point to Mount Ararat as the place where tradition says the ark rested. American missionary H. G. O. Dwight wrote in 1856 that it is ""the general opinion of the learned in Europe."" James Bryce, while admitting"
"Indeed, the phrase is translated as ""mountains of Armenia"" (""montes Armeniae"") in the Vulgate, the fourth century Latin translation of the Bible. Nevertheless, Mount Ararat is considered the traditional site of the resting place of Noah's Ark. It is therefore called a biblical mountain. Mount Ararat has been associated with the Genesis flood story since the 11–12th centuries. The local Armenian population began to identify it as the ark's landing place during those centuries. F. C. Conybeare wrote that the mountain was ""a center and focus of pagan myths and cults [...] and it was only in the eleventh century,"
"that the biblical passage implies that the ark rested upon a ""mountain in the district which the Hebrews knew as Ararat, or Armenia"", wrote in an 1878 article for the Royal Geographical Society that the biblical writer must have had Mt. Ararat in mind because it is so ""very much higher, more conspicuous, and more majestic than any other summit in Armenia."" During his visit to Armenia in 2001 Pope John Paul II declared in his homily in Yerevan's St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral: ""We are close to Mount Ararat, where tradition says that the Ark of Noah came to"
"of Ararat. Sir Walter Raleigh devotes several chapters of his ""Historie of the World"" (1614) to an argument that in ancient times the mountains of Ararat were understood to include not only those of Armenia, but also all of the taller mountain ranges extending into Asia. He maintains that since Armenia is not actually located east of Shinar, the ark must have landed somewhere in the Orient. Mountains of Ararat In the Book of Genesis, the mountains of Ararat (Biblical Hebrew , Tiberian """", Septuagint: ) is the term used to designate the region in which Noah's Ark comes to"
"as the village itself. According to legend, St. Jacob tried many times to climb Mount Ararat to find Noah's Ark which was buried under thick layers of ice at Parrot Glacier upon the top of the mountain. He would climb the mountain, fall asleep and wake up downhill from where he was. After repeated failed attempts, one day God said him in a dream ""Do not try to find the Ark anymore. I will give you a piece of a wood of what the Ark was hewn"". When he woke up, to his amazement he found the wood lying nearby."
"after these had vanished from the popular mind, that the Armenian theologians ventured to locate on its eternal snows the resting-place of Noah's ark."" The 13th century Franciscan missionary William of Rubruck is usually considered the earliest reference for the tradition of Mount Ararat as the landing place of the ark in European literature. The 14th century English traveler John Mandeville is another early author who mentioned Mount Ararat, ""where Noah's ship rested, and it is still there."" Most Christians identify Mount Ararat with the biblical ""mountains of Ararat,"" despite the fact that six other landing places have been proposed,"
"and Noah's Ark agrees with that given in Genesis, with a few variations. One of these concerns the final resting place of the Ark: according to Genesis, the Ark grounded on the ""mountains of Ararat"". According to ""Surah"" 11:44 of the Qur'an, the final resting place of the vessel was called ""Judi"", without the word ""mountain"". However, the use of Arabic definite letter ""Al"" in front of word Judi in the Quran signifies that it is pointing to a definite place (or mountain, in this case). Had it been referring to a general height, it would have been just ""Judi"","
"Mount Judi Mount Judi ( ', ', , """", ), also spelled Guti and Kutu, according to very Early Christian and Islamic tradition (based on the Qur'an, Hud:44), is Noah's apobaterion or ""Place of Descent"", the location where the Ark came to rest after the Great Flood. The Quranic tradition is similar to the Judeo-Christian legend. The identification of Mount Judi as the landing site of the ark persisted in Syriac and Armenian tradition throughout Late Antiquity but was abandoned for the tradition equating the biblical location with the highest mountain of the region, Mount Ararat. Jewish Babylonian, Syriac, and"
"Bahrain and the original one in the Zagros mountains. In 1988, Fasold published his own book, ""The Ark of Noah"". In ""The Ark of Noah"", Fasold took many fundamentalists and creationists to task for insisting that the ark was rectangular in shape, made of wood, and must have landed on Mount Ararat (when the Bible states ""the mountains of Ararat""). He also critically examined and dismissed many previous ark sightings at Ararat. The exposure of his find in the media led to further expeditions to the site in the late 1980s and early 1990s. During this time, Wyatt supposedly discovered"
"modest Jewish population. According to Jewish scripture, Noah's Ark landed on the top of Mount Ararat, a mountain in the Taurus range in Eastern Anatolia, near the present-day borders of Turkey, Armenia, and Iran. Flavius Josephus, Jewish historian of the first century, notes Jewish origins for many of the cities in Asia Minor, though much of his sourcing for these passages is traditional. New Testament mention of Jewish populations in Anatolia is widespread: Iconium (now: Konya) is said to have a synagogue in Acts 14:1, and Ephesus is mentioned as having a synagogue in Acts 19:1 and in Paul's Epistle"
"highest mountains, and all flesh with the merest breath of life died, except for Noah and those with him on the Ark. When the waters had swelled 150 days, God remembered Noah and the beasts, and God caused a wind to blow and the waters to recede steadily from the earth, and the Ark came to rest on the mountains of Ararat. At the end of 40 days, Noah opened the window and sent out a raven, and it went to and fro. Then he sent out a dove to see if the waters had decreased from the ground, but"
"Soviet Union. After a visit to Armenia in 1999, Westerman decided to climb Mount Ararat. His thoughts about this Biblical mountain, where – according to Christian, Muslim and Jewish beliefs – Noah's Ark landed, the memories and re-evaluation of his religious childhood, and his impressions of Armenia and Turkey are the main subjects of the book ""Ararat: In search of the mythical mountain"" (translated into English by Sam Garrett in 2008). Currently, he is a full-time writer based in Amsterdam. Frank Westerman Frank Martin Westerman (born 13 November 1964) is a Dutch writer and a former journalist. He studied tropical"
"is separated from Anatolia (the Asian portion of Turkey) by the Bosphorus (), the Sea of Marmara (), and the Dardanelles (); which collectively form the strategic Turkish Straits that link the Aegean Sea with the Black Sea. Mount Ararat, Turkey's tallest mountain with an elevation of , is the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark and is located in the far eastern portion of the country. Land boundaries: ""border countries:"" Greece , Bulgaria , Georgia , Armenia , Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) , Iran , Iraq , Syria . Coastline: ""Maritime claims:"" ""exclusive economic zone:"" in the Black Sea only: to"
"focus of the searches for Noah's Ark. Augustin Calmet wrote in his 1722 biblical dictionary, ""It is affirmed, but without proof, that there are still remains of Noah's ark on the top of this mountain; but M. de Tournefort, who visited this spot, has assured us there was nothing like it; that the top of mount Ararat is inaccessible, both by reason of its great height, and of the snow which perpetually covers it."" Archaeological expeditions, sometimes supported by evangelical and millenarian churches, have been conducted since the 19th century in search of the ark. According to a 1974 book"
"this legend ""makes Armenia the cradle of all civilisation since Noah's Ark landed on the 'Armenian' mountain of Ararat. […] it connects Armenians to the biblical narrative of human development. […] it makes Mount Ararat the national symbol of all Armenians, and the territory around it the Armenian homeland from time immemorial."" Mount Ararat has been depicted on the coat of arms of Armenia consistently since 1918. The First Republic's coat of arms was designed by architect Alexander Tamanian and painter Hakob Kojoyan. This coat of arms was readopted by the legislature of the Republic of Armenia on April 19,"
"story ""Noah's Ark"", British author Israel Zangwill retells the story of Ararat. Ararat, City of Refuge Ararat, established as a city of refuge for the Jewish nation, was founded in 1825 by New York politician and playwright Mordecai Manuel Noah, who purchased most of Grand Island, a island near Buffalo, New York. It is no longer a ""Jewish city."" Noah led a ceremonious procession to the site and laid a markstone with the sayings in Hebrew and English: The idea did not attract many followers and Mordecai Noah started to advocate the creation of a Jewish state in the Land"
"animals that are today exclusively found in the southern Sahara's climate. Mount Tahat Mount Tahat () is the highest mountain peak in Algeria. It sits at an elevation of . Tahat is also the highest peak in the Hoggar Mountains. Its nearest city is Tamanrasset which is located 56 km to the south. Mount Tahat is of volcanic origin. It is located in an arid, rocky high plateau area of the central Sahara Desert. The Tuareg inhabit this region. To the north lie the Tassili n'Ajjer mountains, which contain cave paintings dating from a period between 8000 and 2000 BC."
"built by Noah that could be seen in his day, and the traveller Ibn Battuta passed by the mountain in the 14th century. In the 1980s, adventurer and self-styled archaeologist Ron Wyatt and his colleague David Fasold claimed to have discovered Noah's Ark at Durupınar, some twenty miles from Mt. Ararat near a mountain locals called ""Cudi Dağı"". Fasold later vacillated on the claim. The description of medieval geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi matches exactly a 2089 m peak north of Silopi, that is now called ""Jabal Judi"" or ""Judi Dagh"" by Muslims and ""Gardu"" by Christians and Jews. Mount Judi Mount"
"Examples of this would be the Hindu belief that Mount Kailas is the final resting place for the souls of the dead, as well as the large cemetery placed on Mount Koya-san. Sacred mountains can also provide an important piece of a culture's identity. For example, Messerli and Ives write, “The Armenian people regard Mount Ararat, a volcano in eastern Turkey believed to be the site of Noah's Ark in the Bible, to be a symbol of their natural and cultural identity”. As a result of the mountain's role as a part of a cultural identity, even people who do"
"Mount Everest Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmatha () and in Tibetan as Chomolungma (), is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The international border between Nepal (Province No. 1) and China (Tibet Autonomous Region) runs across its summit point. The current official elevation of , recognized by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975. In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and"
"of Mount Ararat brought objections from Turkey because the mountain is part of its territory. The Kremlin retorted that, although the Turkish symbol was the crescent, surely it did not mean that they laid claim to the moon. The Soviet Union broke apart in 1991 and Armenia thus became an independent republic. In 1992, a slightly modified version of the coat of arms of the first republic was adopted and has remained in place ever since. The shield itself consists of many components. In the center is a depiction of the Mount Ararat with Noah's Ark sitting atop it. According"
"sea level at Mount Aragats, and no point is below above sea level. Average elevation of the country area is 10th highest in the world. Mount Ararat, which was historically part of Armenia, is the highest mountain in the region. Now located in Turkey, but clearly visible from Armenia, it is regarded by the Armenians as a symbol of their land. Because of this, the mountain is present on the Armenian national emblem today. The climate in Armenia is markedly highland continental. Summers are hot, dry and sunny, lasting from June to mid-September. The temperature fluctuates between . However, the"
"Mount Arafat Mount Arafat or Mount Arafah ( transliterated ""Jabal ‘Arafāt"") is a granite hill east of Mecca in the plain of Arafat. Arafat is a plain about southeast of Mecca. Mount Arafat reaches about in height and is also known as the Mount of Mercy (""Jabal ar-Rahmah""). According to Islamic tradition, the hill is the place where the Islamic prophet Muhammed stood and delivered the Farewell Sermon to the Muslims who had accompanied him for the Hajj towards the end of his life. Muslims also say that it is also the place where Adam and Eve reunited on earth"
"""mountains of Ararat"" are to be found in the region then known as Armenia, roughly corresponding to Eastern Anatolia. Syrian tradition of the early centuries BC had a tradition of the ark landing at Mount Judi, where according to Josephus the remains of the ark were still shown in the 1st century BC. The location of the ""Place of Descent"" (αποβατηριον, i.e., ""Nakhchivan"") described by Josephus was some 100 km to the southeast of the peak now known as Mount Ararat, in what is today Iraqi Kurdistan. According to Jewish Rabbinic tradition, the Ark was looted in antiquity, the remains"
"Qurnat as Sawda' Qurnat as Sawdā’ () in Jabal al-Makmel is the highest point in Lebanon and the Levant, at 3,093 meters above sea level. ""Qornet Shodo"" is Syriac name for the Martyrs Top of Syriac and Maronite Christians who were slaughtered by invaders. The name also has meaning in Arabic which is ""The Black peak"" possibly due to it's high altitude. In Jacobus de Voragine's Legenda aurea, the summit of Mount Lebanon (Qurnat as Sawda') is the site on which Noah, after having survived the flood, replanted a sacred tree. Voragine states that the tree's seeds were given to"
"Mount Tahat Mount Tahat () is the highest mountain peak in Algeria. It sits at an elevation of . Tahat is also the highest peak in the Hoggar Mountains. Its nearest city is Tamanrasset which is located 56 km to the south. Mount Tahat is of volcanic origin. It is located in an arid, rocky high plateau area of the central Sahara Desert. The Tuareg inhabit this region. To the north lie the Tassili n'Ajjer mountains, which contain cave paintings dating from a period between 8000 and 2000 BC. The rock art is pastoral, showing cattle breeding and hunting of"
"Ararat in Turkey together with six other Everest summitters from Turkey, Colombia, the United States and Mexico as part of a Peace Climb project to raise funds and promote international friendship. In that same year, he climbed Shishapangma in Tibet becoming the first South East Asian to climb an 8,000-metre peak without supplemental oxygen. In 2002, he skied to the North Pole with Arctic guide Paul Landry and a dog named Apu, after failing the previous year due to frostbite on a finger. Khoo becomes the first South East Asian and the fourth person in the world to complete ""The"
"read: """"requievitque arca . . . super montes Armeniae"""" (""and the ark rested . . . on the mountains of Armenia""); though in the ""Nova Vulgata"" as promulgated after the Second Vatican Council, the toponym is amended to """"montes Ararat"""" (""mountains of Ararat""). By contrast, early Syrian and Eastern tradition placed the ark on Mount Judi in what is today Şırnak Province, Southeastern Anatolia Region, an association that had faded by the Middle Ages and is now mostly confined to Quranic tradition. The Book of Jubilees specifies that the ark came to rest on the peak of Lubar, a mountain"
"Durupınar site The Durupınar site is a large aggregate structure on Mount Tendürek in eastern Turkey. The site is 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of the Iranian border, 16 km (10 mi) southeast of Doğubeyazıt, in the Ağrı Province, and 29 km (18 miles) south of the Greater Mount Ararat summit, at an elevation of 1,966 to 2,004 m (6,449 to 6,575 ft) above sea level. The size and shape of the structure has led to its promotion by some believers as the original Noah's Ark, but geologists and even some creationists argue that it is merely a natural formation."