"that these examples of legislation are clearly designed to deal with individual complaints but the OFT will only deal with systemic complaints and will ignore individual complainants redirecting them back to Consumer Direct. The Office of Fair Trading also acts as the UK's official consumer and competition watchdog, with a remit to make markets work well for consumers, and at a local, municipal level by Trading Standards departments. General consumer advice can be obtained from Consumer Direct or via a local branch of the Citizen's Advice Bureau. The Enterprise Act 2002 allows consumer bodies that have been approved by the"
"Consumer Financial Protection Bureau The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), also known as the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (BCFP), is an agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. CFPB's jurisdiction includes banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States. The CFPB's creation was authorized by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the subsequent Great Recession. The CFPB's status as"
"of banks from the CFPB's regulations. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), also known as the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (BCFP), is an agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. CFPB's jurisdiction includes banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States. The CFPB's creation was authorized by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the subsequent"
"services available elsewhere. In the United States, Credit counseling agencies are loosely regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation’s consumer protection agency, which can sue companies that have deceived consumers about the cost, nature, or benefits of their services. Different states may regulate DMPs individually and Attorneys General are empowered to protect state citizens from fraud. Two professional associations represent Credit counselors: the National Foundation for Credit Counseling and the Association of Independent Consumer Credit Counseling Agencies. In the United Kingdom, the Financial Conduct Authority is responsible for the regulation of consumer credit and has established a Debt"
"the UK are permitted to invite debtors to attempt to repay debts but have no statutory authority in law to enforce debts. Similarly, court appointed bailiffs have no statutory authority to act in Scotland. Debt collection in Scotland can only be carried out by a sheriff officer or a messenger-at-arms. Within the United States, debt collection and debt collectors are subject to both state and federal regulation. Within the federal government, the Federal Trade Commission is the primary federal regulator of collection agencies. The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, housed within the U.S. Federal Reserve, also has regulatory power over"
"the 113th United States Congress. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an independent federal agency that holds primary responsibility for regulating consumer protection with regard to financial products and services in the United States. It is supposed to protect the public from ""risky or fraudulent financial products"" and it has the power to issue regulations in order to accomplish this goal. The CFPB was created in 2011 after its conception was included as part of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which passed as a response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 that played a significant"
"Consumer protection in the United Kingdom Consumer protection in the United Kingdom is effected through a multiplicity of Acts of Parliament, statutory instruments, government agencies and departments and citizens' lobby groups and aims to ensure the market economy produces fairness and quality in goods and services people buy. The main areas of regulating consumer affairs include, Because the United Kingdom, through its membership of the European Union is part of the internal market, it works with other European countries and EU institutions to produce and enforce consumer protection laws transnationally. Consumer Protection issues are dealt with when complaints are made"
"States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for consumer protection in the financial sector. Its jurisdiction includes banks, credit unions, securities firms, payday lenders, mortgage-servicing operations, foreclosure relief services, debt collectors and other financial companies operating in the United States. The CFPB's creation was authorized by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, whose passage in 2010 was a legislative response to the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the subsequent Great Recession. ""This summary is based largely on the"
"Consumer Protection Act 1987 The Consumer Protection Act 1987 (c 43) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made important changes to the consumer law of the United Kingdom. Part 1 implemented European Community (EC) Directive 85/374/EEC, the product liability directive, by introducing a regime of strict liability for damage arising from defective products. Part 2 created government powers to regulate the safety of consumer products through Statutory Instruments. Part 3 defined a criminal offence of giving a misleading price indication. The Act was notable in that it was the first occasion that the UK government"
"Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 The Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (SI 2008/1277) is a statutory instrument in the United Kingdom made under the European Communities Act 1972. It came into force on 26 May 2008. It is effectively the successor to the Trade Descriptions Act 1968, which it largely repeals. It is designed to implement the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, as part of a common set of European minimum standards for consumer protection. The Regulations introduce new rules about consumer protection and the responsibility of businesses to trade fairly. It places a general duty on"
"trademarks or similar copy to that used in a competitor's own advertising by another, particularly when making a comparison"". Under CPR legislation, there are different standards authorities for each country: In Australia, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission also known as the ACCC, are responsible for ensuring all businesses and consumers act in accordance with the Australian Competition & Consumer Act 2010, as well as"","" fair trade and consumer protection laws (ACCC, 2016). Each state and territory have its own consumer protection agency or consumer affairs agency (ACCC 2016). The ACCC is designed to assist both consumers, businesses, industries and infrastructure"
"(s.20(4)). A price indication is misleading if it conveys, or if consumers might reasonably be expected to infer, that (s.21): ---- Consumer Protection Act 1987 The Consumer Protection Act 1987 (c 43) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made important changes to the consumer law of the United Kingdom. Part 1 implemented European Community (EC) Directive 85/374/EEC, the product liability directive, by introducing a regime of strict liability for damage arising from defective products. Part 2 created government powers to regulate the safety of consumer products through Statutory Instruments. Part 3 defined a criminal offence"
"New York State Consumer Protection Board The New York State Consumer Protection Board (CPB) is a former government agency of the State of New York that was responsible for protecting, educating and representing consumers. On March 31, 2011, Part A of Chapter 62 of the Laws of 2011 merged the CPB into the New York State Department of State (NYSDOS) creating a new Division of Consumer Protection. The three main divisions of the Consumer Protection Board were: The CPB was established in 1970 under legislation signed by then-Governor Nelson Rockefeller. Betty Furness, a former Hollywood actress who had served as"
"Reform and Consumer Protection Act, during the 111th United States Congress in response to the Late-2000s recession and financial crisis. The agency was originally proposed in 2007 by Harvard Law School professor Elizabeth Warren. The proposed CFPB was actively supported by Americans for Financial Reform, a newly created umbrella organization of some 250 consumer, labor, civil rights and other activist organizations. On September 17, 2010, President Obama announced the appointment of Sen. Warren as Assistant to the President and Special Advisor to the Secretary of the Treasury on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau to set up the new agency. Due"
"Groceries Code Adjudicator The Groceries Code Adjudicator (or ""Supermarket Ombudsman"") is an independent statutory office responsible for enforcing the Groceries Supply Code of Practice and to regulate the relationship between supermarkets and their direct suppliers within the United Kingdom. The post was created by the Groceries Code Adjudicator Act 2013 and is an independent office within the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The Groceries Supply Code of Practice applies to ten retailers with an annual turnover of £1bn+, namely Tesco Co-op, Sainsbury’s, Marks and Spencer, Asda, Lidl, Morrisons, Aldi, Waitrose and Iceland. The UK Competition Commission ( the Competition"
"Consumer Financial Education Body The Consumer Financial Education Body (CFEB) is the former name for The Money Advice Service, an independent body that promotes personal financial literacy in the United Kingdom. CFEB was established by the Financial Services Authority as required by the ""Financial Services and Markets Act 2000"" (as amended by the ""Financial Services Act 2010""), and came into existence on April 26, 2010. The body has a mandate from Parliament, with all-party support, to develop consumer financial education in the UK and is responsible for enhancing the public’s understanding and knowledge of financial matters and their ability to"
"British Pharmacopoeia The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) is the national pharmacopoeia of the United Kingdom. It is an annually published collection of quality standards for UK medicinal substances. It is used by individuals and organisations involved in pharmaceutical research, development, manufacture and testing. Pharmacopoeial standards are publicly available and legally enforceable standards of quality for medicinal products and their constituents. The ""British Pharmacopoeia"" is an important statutory component in the control of medicines which complements and assists the licensing and inspection processes of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) of the United Kingdom. Together with the ""British National Formulary"""
"nine conditions: Article II Article III Article IV The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau is an independent regulatory agency within the United State Federal Reserve. The CFPB promotes fair practice by regulating consumer interactions with financial institutions. Its has complete authority over institutions that do not hold consumer deposits. For institutions that hold consumer deposits with $10 million or less in assets, the CFPB only has rule making authority, as authority over enforcement remains with other financial regulators. As part of its enforcement powers, the CFPB can initiate investigations, issue subpoenas, hold hearings, and hand out fines of over a million"
"The European Consumer Organisation The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC, from the French name ""Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs"", ""European Bureau of Consumers' Unions"") is an umbrella consumers' group, founded in 1962. Based in Brussels, Belgium, it brings together 43 European consumer organisations from 32 countries (EU, EEA and applicant countries). BEUC represents its members and defends the interests of consumers in the decision process of the Institutions of the European Union, acting as the ""consumer voice in Europe"". BEUC does not deal with consumers’ complaints as it is the role of its national member organisations. The organisation is funded"
"York State Consumer Protection Board into the New York State Department of State creating a new Division of Consumer Protection. Consumers can find useful information, alerts and tools by visiting www.dos.ny.gov. New York State Consumer Protection Board The New York State Consumer Protection Board (CPB) is a former government agency of the State of New York that was responsible for protecting, educating and representing consumers. On March 31, 2011, Part A of Chapter 62 of the Laws of 2011 merged the CPB into the New York State Department of State (NYSDOS) creating a new Division of Consumer Protection. The three"
"it prohibits those with a material connection from misleading readers into thinking they are a regular consumer. The United Kingdom has the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations, which prohibits ""Falsely representing oneself as a consumer."" They allow for up to two years in prison and unlimited fines for breaches. Additionally, the advertising industry in the UK has adopted many voluntary policies, such as the Code of Non-Broadcast Advertising, Sale, Promotion and Direct Marketing. A trade association, the Advertising Standards Authority, investigates complaints of breaches. The policy requires that marketing professionals not mislead their audience, including by omitting a disclosure"
"is the Unfair Competition Law (UCL). The UCL “borrows heavily from section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act” but has developed its own body of case law. Advertising in the UK is managed under the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (CPR), effectively the successor to the Trade Descriptions Act 1968. It is designed to implement the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, part of a common set of European minimum standards for consumer protection and legally bind advertisers in England, Scotland, Wales and parts of Ireland. These regulations focus on ""business to consumer"" interactions. These are modelled by a"
"British Purchasing Commission The British Purchasing Commission was a United Kingdom organisation of the Second World War. Also known at some time as the ""Anglo-French Purchasing Board"", it was based in New York City, where it arranged the production and purchase of armaments from North American manufacturers. After the 1940 French Surrender it became the 'British Purchasing Commission'. The Commission was also responsible for taking over orders that had originally been placed by France, Belgium, and later by Norway, after the capitulation of those countries. The Board was able to arrange purchases in spite of the Neutrality Acts via ""Cash"
"Office of Fair Trading The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) was a non-ministerial government department of the United Kingdom, established by the Fair Trading Act 1973, which enforced both consumer protection and competition law, acting as the United Kingdom's economic regulator. The OFT's goal was to make markets work well for consumers, ensuring vigorous competition between fair dealing businesses and prohibiting unfair practices such as rogue trading, scams, and cartels. Its role was modified and its powers changed with the Enterprise Act 2002. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced reforms to the consumer protection and competition regimes."
"British Retail Consortium The British Retail Consortium (or BRC) is a trade association in the United Kingdom. . The British Retail Consortium was formed in January 1992 when the British Retailers' Association and the Retail Consortium merged. In 1998 it produced the first edition of the BRC Food Technical Standard and Protocol for food suppliers. This has been widely adopted not just throughout the UK but around the world. It campaigns for the retail industry and is the authoritative voice of retail, recognized for its powerful campaigning and influence within government and as a provider of in-depth retail information. The"
"The Retail Ombudsman (United Kingdom) The Retail Ombudsman (TRO) was an Ombudsman for the retail industry in the United Kingdom from January 2015 to July 2017. Its role was to resolve disputes between retailers and retail customers. In July 2015 The EU Alternative Dispute Resolution Directive was planned to come into force. It was delayed until 1 October 2015 in line with the Consumer Rights Act 2015. Under the new system companies are obliged to point customers to private complaints-handling companies but would not be bound by their decisions unless they agreed to subscribe to the ADR scheme. This directive"
"in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE countries) carrying out several initiatives. The European Consumer Organisation The European Consumer Organisation (BEUC, from the French name ""Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs"", ""European Bureau of Consumers' Unions"") is an umbrella consumers' group, founded in 1962. Based in Brussels, Belgium, it brings together 43 European consumer organisations from 32 countries (EU, EEA and applicant countries). BEUC represents its members and defends the interests of consumers in the decision process of the Institutions of the European Union, acting as the ""consumer voice in Europe"". BEUC does not deal with consumers’ complaints as it"
"serve as CFPB director full-time. She was succeeded by Brian Johnson, who was appointed to serve in an acting capacity. Leandra English Leandra English is an American government official who served as the Deputy Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) from 2017 until her resignation in 2018. She was the plaintiff in the lawsuit ""English v. Trump"", in which she sought to have herself acknowledged as Acting Director of the CFPB. English has served in many capacities as a member of the U.S. federal government. Before joining the CFPB, she worked in both the U.S. Office of Management"
"debtor a discount on their debt. In the United States, credit counseling agencies are loosely regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the nation's consumer protection agency, which can sue companies that have deceived consumers about the cost, nature, or benefits of their services. Different states may regulate DMPs individually and attorneys general are empowered to protect state citizens from fraud. In the United Kingdom, the Financial Conduct Authority is responsible for the regulation of consumer credit and has established a Debt Management Plan Protocol. It can impose fines for improper conduct. Elsewhere in the European Union, regulation and non-regulation"
"than those of most other European countries. In the United Kingdom, the HM Revenue and Customs issues distilling licenses, but people may produce beer and wine for personal consumption without a license. The production of distilled beverages is regulated and taxed. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (formerly a single organization called the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms) enforce federal laws and regulations related to alcohol. All packaging of alcoholic products must contain a health warning from the Surgeon General. In most of the American states, individuals may"
"Consumer Protection Commission by the Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation upon taking up their current positions. National Consumer Agency The National Consumer Agency (NCA; ) was a statutory body enforcing consumer protection in Ireland from 2007 to 2014, when it amalgamated with the Competition Authority to form the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission. The NCA was preceded by the office of Director of Consumer Affairs established by the Consumer Information Act 1978, which was a civil service office under the Minister for Industry, Commerce and Energy. The NCA's origins can be traced to the setting up of the Consumer"
"Treasury Select Committee commenced taking evidence on the press briefing. The ""Consumer Protection Agency"" (CPA) promised in 2009 by the Conservative Party became ""Consumer Protection and Markets Authority"" (CPMA), which was changed to Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) after the Treasury Select Committee pointed out that this name could mislead consumers. Financial Conduct Authority The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is a financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom, but operates independently of the UK Government, and is financed by charging fees to members of the financial services industry. The FCA regulates financial firms providing services to consumers and maintains the integrity"
"Trading Standards In the United Kingdom, Trading Standards are the local authority departments, formerly known as ""Weights and Measures"", that enforce consumer protection legislation. Sometimes, the Trading Standards enforcement functions of a local authority are performed by part of a larger department which enforces a wide range of other legislation: environmental health, health and safety, licensing and so on. These departments investigate commercial organisations that trade outside the law or in unethical ways. They attempt to remedy breaches by advice or by formal enforcement action. Many Trading Standards services also offer Primary Authority Partnerships whereby a business can form a"