"increase the fertility of this common plant. The same thing was found to occur in the primrose, as well as in flax (Linum perenne), lungworts (Pulmonaria), and a host of other plants, including the American partridge-berry (Mitchella repens). These are called dimorphic heterostyled plants. Still more extraordinary is the case of the common loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), which has both stamens and styles of three distinct lengths, each flower having two sets of stamens and one style, all of different lengths, and arranged in three different ways: These flowers can be fertilised in eighteen distinct ways, necessitating a vast number of"
"Auriculariaceae The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the ""heterobasidiomycetes"" or ""jelly fungi"", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several ""Auricularia"" species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China. The family was established in 1897 by German mycologist Gustav Lindau to accommodate species of fungi having ""gymnocarpous"" basidiocarps (with the hymenium exposed) and ""auricularioid"" basidia (more or"
"Primula auricula Primula auricula, often known as auricula, mountain cowslip or bear's ear (from the shape of its leaves), is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, that grows on basic rocks in the mountain ranges of central Europe, including the western Alps, Jura mountains, the Vosges, the Black Forest and the Tatra Mountains. It is an evergreen perennial growing to tall by wide. The leaves are obovate and stalkless, with a cartilaginous edge, all growing in a basal rosette, and sometimes covered in a mealy white bloom. The yellow flowers grow in clusters on long stalks. The"
"specific epithet ""auricula"" means ""ear-shaped"", and refers to the shape of the leaves. A recent study split the species into two, ""Primula lutea"" and ""P. auricula"", with the former being found further south and east (Apennines, Carpathians, Balkans, and the southern and eastern Alps). Prior to this study, ""P. lutea"" had been considered synonymous with ""P. auricula"". Other synonyms of ""P. auricula"" include ""P. balbisii"" and ""P. ciliata"". This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The term ""auricula"" is also used collectively for plants which have been developed from a hybrid between ""P. auricula"" and"
"auricula-judae"" and ""A. cornea"", are cultivated on a commercial scale, particularly in China and southeast Asia. They are widely exported, in a dried or powdered state, as ""black fungus"", ""cloud ears"", or ""wood ears"". Auriculariaceae The Auriculariaceae are a family of fungi in the order Auriculariales. Species within the family were formerly referred to the ""heterobasidiomycetes"" or ""jelly fungi"", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 100 species are known worldwide. All are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several ""Auricularia"" species are cultivated for food on"
"Auriculariales The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the ""heterobasidiomycetes"" or ""jelly fungi"", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are known worldwide, placed in six or more families, though the status of these families is currently uncertain. All species in the Auriculariales are believed to be saprotrophic, most growing on dead wood. Fruit bodies of several ""Auricularia"" species are cultivated for food on a commercial scale, especially in China. The order was established in 1889 by German mycologist"
"Auricularia auricula-judae Auricularia auricula-judae, known as the Jew's ear, wood ear, jelly ear or by a number of other common names, is a species of edible Auriculariales fungus found worldwide. The fruiting body is distinguished by its noticeably ear-like shape and brown colouration; it grows upon wood, especially elder. Its specific epithet is derived from the belief that Judas Iscariot hanged himself from an elder tree; the common name ""Judas's ear"" was largely eclipsed by the corruption ""Jew's ear"", while today ""jelly ear"" and other names are sometimes used. The fungus can be found throughout the year in temperate regions"
"specific epithet ""auriculata"" means ""with ears"", referring to the shape of the leaves. Plumbago auriculata is a medicinal herb plant. The name has a root from the Latin word plumbum, meaning lead, because it has some pharmaceutical effects for lead poisoning (Asha Saji, V. T. Antony,2015) . Also it is used as a phytoremediator for lead and cadmium. Many secondary metabolites have been discovered and isolated from Plumbago auriculata such as Plumbagin, palmitic acids. In temperate regions it may be grown outside in frost free areas, otherwise under glass. The species and the white-flowered form ""P. auriculata"" f. ""alba"" have"
"Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ""Apium"" and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 genera including such well-known and economically important plants such as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, hemlock, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip, sea holly, and silphium (a plant whose identity is unclear and which may be extinct). The Apiaceae family includes a significant number of phototoxic species"
"effects. Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ""Apium"" and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 genera including such well-known and economically important plants such as ajwain, angelica, anise, asafoetida, caraway, carrot, celery, chervil, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, hemlock, lovage, cow parsley, parsley, parsnip, sea holly, and silphium (a plant whose identity is unclear and which may be extinct). The Apiaceae family includes a significant number of phototoxic"
"Auricularia Auricularia is a genus of jelly fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. Preliminary phylogenetic studies suggest the Exidiaceae is closely related to Auriculariaceae – the two share many morphological traits. Fruitbody either resupinate or pileate and then either ear-to shell-shaped or forming narrow, imbricate brackets, flabby elastic or tough gelatinous; hymenial surface smooth, wrinkled or veined, often purplish. Basidia cylindrical, with 1–3 transeverse septa. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to allantoid, hyaline, smooth. Most ""Auricularia"" species are edible and are grown commercially. ""Auricularia"" species are widely distributed in Kerala's Western Ghats, and recently, ""Auricularia auricula-judae"", ""A. polytricha"", and ""A. mesenterica"" have been"
"few (""Guepinia"" and ""Tremellodendropsis"" species) are normally found on the ground. As a group, their distribution is cosmopolitan. According to a 2008 estimate, the Auriculariales contain 32 genera and around 200 species. Several species within the order are edible and two, ""Auricularia auricula-judae"" and ""A. cornea"", are cultivated on a commercial scale, particularly in China and southeast Asia. Auriculariales The Auriculariales are an order of fungi in the class Agaricomycetes. Species within the order were formerly referred to the ""heterobasidiomycetes"" or ""jelly fungi"", since many have gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that produce spores on septate basidia. Around 200 species are"
"Aesculus The genus Aesculus ( or ), with varieties called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia. Also, several hybrids occur. ""Aesculus"" exhibits a classical arcto-Tertiary distribution. Linnaeus named the genus ""Aesculus"" after the Roman name for an edible acorn. Common names for these trees include ""buckeye"" and ""horse chestnut"", though they are not in the same order as chestnut trees. Some are also"
"Acacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle, northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, and tan wattle, akashmoni in Bengali, is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to 30m tall. ""Acacia auriculiformis"" has about 47 000 seeds/kg. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen tree that grows between to 15–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 12 m long and 50 cm in diameter. The trunk is crooked and the bark vertically fissured. Roots are shallow and spreading. It has dense foliage"
"Fungorum lists 28 species of ""Auricularia"": Auricularia Auricularia is a genus of jelly fungi in the family Auriculariaceae. Preliminary phylogenetic studies suggest the Exidiaceae is closely related to Auriculariaceae – the two share many morphological traits. Fruitbody either resupinate or pileate and then either ear-to shell-shaped or forming narrow, imbricate brackets, flabby elastic or tough gelatinous; hymenial surface smooth, wrinkled or veined, often purplish. Basidia cylindrical, with 1–3 transeverse septa. Spores narrowly ellipsoid to allantoid, hyaline, smooth. Most ""Auricularia"" species are edible and are grown commercially. ""Auricularia"" species are widely distributed in Kerala's Western Ghats, and recently, ""Auricularia auricula-judae"", ""A."
"purpurea"" var. ""auriculata"". However, more recent sources have maintained it as a separate species. The specific epithet ""auriculata"" refers to the two ear-shaped (auriculate) outgrowths at the junctions of the leaf blades and sheaths. The Zingiberaceae family is mainly tropical in distribution. The unusual mountainous distribution of ""Roscoea"" may have evolved relatively recently and be a response to the uplift taking place in the region in the last 50 million years or so due to the collision of the Indian and Asian tectonic plates. Species of ""Roscoea"" divide into two clear groups, a Himalayan clade and a ""Chinese"" clade (which"
"Emily Dickinson's poem beginning ""The Mushroom is the Elf of Plants"", which depicts a mushroom as the ""ultimate betrayer"". Dickinson had both a religious and naturalistic background, and so it is more than likely that she knew of the common name of ""A. auricula-judae"", and of the folklore surrounding Judas's suicide. Auricularia auricula-judae Auricularia auricula-judae, known as the Jew's ear, wood ear, jelly ear or by a number of other common names, is a species of edible Auriculariales fungus found worldwide. The fruiting body is distinguished by its noticeably ear-like shape and brown colouration; it grows upon wood, especially elder."
"""P. hirsuta"". Thousands of cultivars are available in a wide range of colours, and several societies are devoted to their cultivation and display. ""Primula auricula"" is depicted on the obverse side of Austrian € 0.05 euro coins. Primula auricula Primula auricula, often known as auricula, mountain cowslip or bear's ear (from the shape of its leaves), is a species of flowering plant in the family Primulaceae, that grows on basic rocks in the mountain ranges of central Europe, including the western Alps, Jura mountains, the Vosges, the Black Forest and the Tatra Mountains. It is an evergreen perennial growing to"
"familiar plants are eudicots, including many common food plants, trees, and ornamentals. Some common and familiar eudicots include members of the sunflower family such as the common dandelion, the forget-me-not, cabbage and other members of its family, apple, buttercup, maple, and macadamia. Most leafy trees of midlatitudes also belong to eudicots, with notable exceptions being magnolias and tulip trees which belong to magnoliids, and ""Ginkgo biloba"", which is not an angiosperm. The name ""eudicots"" (plural) is used in the APG system, of 1998, and APG II system, of 2003, for classification of angiosperms. It is applied to a clade, a"
"common in cultivation because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit. Several species are economically important for timber production. The edible large seeds of ""A. araucana"", ""A. angustifolia"" and ""A. bidwillii"" — also known as ""Araucaria nuts"", and often called, although improperly, ""pine nuts"" — are eaten as food (particularly among the Mapuche people and Native Australians). In South America ""Araucaria"" nuts or seeds are called ""piñas"", ""pinhas"", ""piñones"" or ""pinhões"", like pine nuts in Europe. Pharmacological reports on genus Araucaria are anti- ulcer, antiviral, neuro-protective, anti-depressant and anti-coagulant. Araucaria Araucaria (; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka. ɾja]) is a genus of"
"Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus ""Amaryllis"" and is commonly known as the amaryllis family. The leaves are usually linear, and the flowers are usually bisexual and symmetrical, arranged in umbels on the stem. The petals and sepals are undifferentiated as tepals, which may be fused at the base into a floral tube. Some also display a corona. Allyl sulfide compounds produce the characteristic odour of the onion subfamily (Allioideae). The family, which was originally created in"
"Ranunculales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots. It is the most basal clade in this group; in other words, it is sister to the remaining eudicots. Widely known members include poppies, barberries, and buttercups. Historically the term Ranales was used to include the Ranunculaceae and related families, as described by Bentham and Hooker. This became replaced with Ranunculales by Melchior in"
"with various eyes which may grow vegetative growth or roots. Many names have been proposed for species and varieties in the genus, but the vast majority of the names have either been transferred to other genera or regarded as synonyms of other names. The following are accepted: Caladium Caladium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. They are often known by the common name elephant ear (which they share with the closely related genera ""Alocasia"", ""Colocasia"", and ""Xanthosoma""), heart of Jesus, and angel wings. There are over 1000 named cultivars of ""Caladium bicolor"" from the original South"
"necessarily closely related and that ""Auricularia"" had more in common with ""Exidia"" and its allies (with ""tremelloid"" basidia), than with other auricularioid fungi. Bandoni therefore limited the Auriculariaceae to the genus ""Auricularia"". Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed that the Auriculariaceae belong within the order Auriculariales, but has also indicated that the family is not distinguishable from the Exidiaceae. The precise circumscription of families within the order has not yet been examined, but a clade containing ""Auricularia"" and ""Exidia"" species (plus their allies) equates to the Auriculariaceae. The majority of species within the Auriculariaceae produce"
"the main stem is damaged and the length of the bole will be reduced. Acacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as auri, earleaf acacia, earpod wattle, northern black wattle, Papuan wattle, and tan wattle, akashmoni in Bengali, is a fast-growing, crooked, gnarly tree in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. It grows up to 30m tall. ""Acacia auriculiformis"" has about 47 000 seeds/kg. Acacia auriculiformis is an evergreen tree that grows between to 15–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 12 m long and 50 cm in diameter. The trunk is crooked"
"Aquilegia Aquilegia (common names: granny's bonnet, columbine) is a genus of about 60–70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers. The genus name ""Aquilegia"" is derived from the Latin word for eagle (""aquila""), because of the shape of the flower petals, which are said to resemble an eagle's claw. The common name ""columbine"" comes from the Latin for ""dove"", due to the resemblance of the inverted flower to five doves clustered together. The leaves of this plant are compound and the"
"Forficula auricularia Forficula auricularia, the common earwig or European earwig, is an omnivorous insect in the family Forficulidae. The European earwig survives in a variety of environments and is a common household insect in North America. The name ""earwig"" comes from the appearance of the hindwings, which are unique and distinctive among insects, and resemble a human ear when unfolded; the species name of the common earwig, ""auricularia"", is a specific reference to this feature. However, they are considered a pest because of the damage they do to crops, their frightening appearance, their ability to fly (which they rarely use),"
"(""Aesculus"", ""Billia"", ""Handeliodendron"") were included within a more broadly circumscribed Sapindaceae by the APG. Recent research has confirmed the inclusion of these genera in Sapindaceae. Plants of this family have a variety of habits, from trees to herbaceous plants or lianas. Their leaves usually spirally alternate, sometimes (in ""Acer, Aesculus"", and a few other genera) opposite. They are most often pinnately compound, sometimes palmately compound as in ""Aesculus"", or just palmate as in ""Acer"". The petiole has a swollen base and lacks stipules. Some genera and species have laurel forest foliage due to convergent evolution. Flowers are small and unisexual,"
"Pulmonaria officinalis Pulmonaria officinalis, common names lungwort, common lungwort, Mary's tears or Our Lady's milk drops, is a herbaceous rhizomatous evergreen perennial plant of the genus ""Pulmonaria"", belonging to the family Boraginaceae The genus name comes from the Latin ""Pulmoa"" meaning ""lung"" and was first used by Leonhart Fuchs (1501 – 1566), a German physician and one of the three founding fathers of botany. The species has been named ""officinalis"" by Carl Linnaeus for the medical properties of these plants, used since the Middle Ages to treat coughs and diseases of the chest, because of the doctrine of signatures whereby"
"himself sitting in a log cabin made of buckeye logs and drinking hard cider, causing Ohio to become known as ""the Buckeye State"". Aesculus The genus Aesculus ( or ), with varieties called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. They are trees and shrubs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, with six species native to North America and seven to 13 species native to Eurasia. Also, several hybrids occur. ""Aesculus"" exhibits a classical arcto-Tertiary distribution. Linnaeus named the genus ""Aesculus"" after the Roman name for an edible acorn. Common"
"resin ducts. As a whole, the family contains plants that have leaves of alternate, palmately or pinnately compound or simple, with stipules. The inflorescences are generally umbellate, and often arranges in compound umbels, caouttules, panicles or races. They possess flowers of smaller size than the dioecious which are bisexual or unisexual. This family also includes a multitude of popular house plants, including English ivy, as well as the herb ginseng. Araliaceae is known as the ginseng family, which is where the traits of the Ming Aralia spice and medical herb originate. Plants of this family can be found throughout the"
"in the order Ranunculales, but more recent classifications place it as the sole family in the order Sabiales, or (as in the APG II system and APG III system), as unplaced to order and left among the basal lineages of the eudicots. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, however, suggests the addition of Sabiaceae to the eudicot order Proteales would be sensible. This was done in the APG IV system. The family consists of three genera, together about 160 species of woody plants. The genus ""Sabia"" often are lianas, while those in the genera ""Meliosma"" and ""Ophiocaryon"" are trees and shrubs; the"
"Oscularia Oscularia is a genus of succulent flowering plants in the family Aizoaceae, native to semi-arid and rocky habitats in the Western Cape of South Africa. It was previously included within the related genus ""Lampranthus"", but was split off as a separate genus, due to differences in its fruit and flower. The most superficially recognisable feature of the genus is the strange shape of the leaves, which are grey-green and waxy. They are triangular in cross-section (3 angled) and can be sickle, club or mouth shaped. The name """"Oscularia"""" actually means """"group of tiny mouths"""" in Latin, and refers to"