"slung horizontally below the fuselage or wing of an aircraft. The SC 250 could be fitted with a variety of fuzes depending on the target: SC250 bomb The SC 250 (""Sprengbombe Cylindrisch 250"") was an air-dropped general purpose high-explosive bomb built by Germany during World War II and used extensively during that period. It could be carried by almost all German bomber aircraft, and was used to notable effect by the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" (""Sturzkampfflugzeug"" or dive-bomber). The bomb's weight was about 250 kg, from which its designation was derived. It was used in the Eastern Front and many"
"the technique of dive bombing for which the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" was specifically designed. The Junkers Ju 88 was fitted with external dive brakes and a control system, similar to those of the Ju 87 and could carry out a dive bombing role, although it was primarily used as a level bomber. The light bomb loads carried by the Ju 87 had been used to great effect during the Battle of France. However, the Ju 87 was slow and possessed an inadequate degree of defensive weaponry, with only a single, 7.92mm calibre MG 15 machine gun at the rear"
"altitudes, and the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" for dive bombing tactics. The He 111 was used in greater numbers than the others during the conflict, and was better known, partly due to its distinctive wing shape. Each level bomber also had a few reconnaissance versions accompanying them that were used during the battle. Although it had been successful in previous Luftwaffe engagements, the ""Stuka"" suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Britain, particularly on 18 August, due to its slow speed and vulnerability to fighter interception after dive bombing a target. As the losses went up along with their limited"
"setbacks with crashes of prototypes in 1937 and 1938. Further refinements enabled certification in 1939 and spurred South African Airways to make an initial order for two aircraft fitted with US-built Pratt & Whitney engines. Just as the aircraft was being readied for its first commercial flights, World War II began. With the outbreak of hostilities, all models were requisitioned by the Luftwaffe for military air-transport roles, and later, long-range maritime patrol. Military aircraft production was begun by the company in the 1930s and eventually monopolized all its resources. Perhaps the most notable design was the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"""
"from light bombers. As World War II progressed, specialised attack designs became increasingly focused on strafing, armed with automatic cannons, heavy machine guns and newly-developed rockets; the A-20 and B-25 Mitchell (type-classed as a medium bomber) each had variants with 8 or more forward-firing machine guns for ground strafing missions. Later variants of the Ju 87 ""Stuka"" dive bomber were adapted to the role of ground attack against tanks armed with 37 mm cannon, and the Curtiss SB2C Helldiver (a U.S. Navy dive bomber adopted later in World War II when that design role was beginning to disappear) also was"
"payload and range, ""Stuka"" units were largely removed from operations over England and diverted to concentrate on shipping instead until they were eventually re-deployed to the Eastern Front in 1941. For some raids, they were called back, such as on 13 September to attack Tangmere airfield. The remaining three bomber types differed in their capabilities; the Dornier Do 17 was the slowest and had the smallest bomb load; the Ju 88 was the fastest once its mainly external bomb load was dropped; and the He111 had the largest (internal) bomb load. All three bomber types suffered heavy losses from the"
"due to its limited speed, due in part to the limited horsepower of its power plant and to the greater drag of its fixed main landing gear (a shortcoming shared by the Stuka). The main American dive bomber, the Douglas SBD Dauntless, had similar performance to the D3A Val. From December 1942, the Dauntless was replaced with the faster, but more complex and trouble-prone Curtiss SB2C Helldiver. Both American airplanes were ubiquitous, with 6,000 Dauntlesses and over 7,000 Helldivers built. Both the SBD and D3A were used at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. The Japanese sent 54 D3A Vals"
"Force Junkers Ju 52/3m was used in the 1968 action thriller ""Where Eagles Dare"". Two Ju 52s appeared in one of the early scenes in the 2008 Second World War film ""Valkyrie"" directed by Bryan Singer and starring Tom Cruise. One aircraft was painted in a Luftwaffe scheme, the other in an all-silver finish. The 1941 Nazi propaganda film ""Stukas"", produced by Karl Ritter, described the wartime exploits of a squadron of Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" dive bombers and their pilots during the Invasion of France during World War II. The Transformers Combaticon named Vortex disguises itself as an SH-2G"
"Blohm & Voss P 194 The Blohm & Voss P 194 was a German design for a mixed-power ""Stuka"" or ground-attack aircraft and tactical bomber, during World War II. Along with the P 192, P 193, and P 196, the P 194 was one of four designs Blohm & Voss submitted in response to a requirement issued by the RLM in February 1944 for a ""stuka"" or ground-attack aircraft and tactical bomber to replace the venerable Junkers Ju 87. In the event, the RLM decided not to go ahead with a new aircraft but instead to adapt the existing Messerschmitt"
"Stout ST The Stout ST was a twin-engine torpedo bomber built for the US Navy. It pioneered the American use of metal construction and the cantilever ""thick wing"" design concepts of German aeronautical engineer Hugo Junkers, themselves pioneered in the second half of 1915. The US Navy Bureau of Aeronautics had a requirement to review several types of torpedo-carrying aircraft. Prototypes of the Curtiss CT, Stout ST, Fokker FT and Blackburn Swift F were evaluated at the Annacostia Naval Yard. William Bushnell Stout approached the Navy with his all-metal torpedo bomber design. He estimated the aircraft would cost $50,000 each"
"ship was attacked by German Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" dive bombers belonging to II./""Sturzkampfgeschwader 1"" (Dive Bomber Wing 1—or StG 1). The shock effect from several near misses broke her keel and then she was hit in the engine room. ""Brazen"" sank at position at 20:40. Only one member of her crew was killed during the attack and her gunners claimed to have shot down three Ju 87s. German records confirm only two losses—both fell to defending British fighter aircraft. HMS Brazen (H80) HMS ""Brazen"" was a built for the Royal Navy around 1930. Initially assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet,"
"in early March 1941 and the evacuation of Greece in April 1941. She sank a number of fishing boats transporting German troops to Crete on 21 May and helped evacuate the Allied garrison of Heraklion on 29 May carrying 450 troops on board. Later that day she was attacked by German Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" dive bombers and hit by one bomb just in front of her forward funnel. She turned towards the nearby coast of Crete, but was sunk by further airstrikes off Cape Sideros. Four officers and 72 crewmen were killed, but the 89 survivors, along with the"
"Captain H.P. Weir. On 4 July 1940 whilst the majority of her crew were at breakfast, unidentified aircraft were reported to the south. These were originally thought to be Allied aircraft returning to base but they turned out to be 26 Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" dive bombers. These aircraft had the objective of disabling the ""Foylebank"" which was seen as a threat to their plans to destroy Britain's coastal shipping. In an eight-minute attack, two aircraft were shot down by the ""Foylebank"" but an estimated 22 bombs hit the ship and the ship listed to port, shrouded in smoke. She"
"Junkers Ju 187 The Junkers Ju 187 was a projected dive bomber designed to replace the ageing Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"". It was cancelled in 1943. By the time of the Battle of Britain the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" had proved very vulnerable to enemy fighters and needed replacement, so after rejection of the Ju 87F proposal a new dive bomber was designed under the designation Ju 187. The projected aircraft kept some of the features of the earlier Ju 87, such as the inverted gull wing and two man crew. It would have added retractable landing gear, as well"
"where he was taking courses for fighter pilots, and was sent to attend courses to qualify to fly the dive bombing plane Junkers Ju 87, or ""Stuka"". Cenni was also promoted to captain and given command of the 239th ""Squadriglia"" of autonomous dive-bombers on 24 November 1940. Based at Lecce Galatina Airport, he participated in dive bombing attacks in Greece and Yugoslavia. Cenni may have sank the Greek transport ""SS Ioanna"" of 1,192 GRT on 21 April 1941 in Patras harbour. In the months between May and October 1941 the ""Stukas"", called ""Picchiatelli"" by the Italians, were redeployed to North"
"United Kingdom. A similar fate befell unescorted RAF Fairey Battles over France. The Stuka had 7.92mm machine guns or 20mm cannons mounted in the wings. Some were modified to destroy tanks with heavy calibre, 37mm ""Bordkanone"" BK 3,7 autocannons mounted in gun pods below the wings. They were very successful in this role in the early days of Operation Barbarossa before the Red Army Air Force countered with modern fighters, such as the Yakovlev Yak-1 and later Yakovlev Yak-3 The most successful dive bomber pilot was Hans-Ulrich Rudel who made 2,530 sorties. He sank the Soviet battleship Marat at Kronstadt"
"(BuNo). Douglas SBD Dauntless The Douglas SBD Dauntless is a World War II American naval scout plane and dive bomber that was manufactured by Douglas Aircraft from 1940 through 1944. The SBD (""Scout Bomber Douglas"") was the United States Navy's main carrier-based scout/dive bomber from mid-1940 through mid-1944. The SBD was also flown by the United States Marine Corps, both from land air bases and aircraft carriers. The SBD is best remembered as the bomber that delivered the fatal blows to the Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway in June 1942. The type earned its nickname ""Slow But Deadly"""
"It was produced until 1944 for lack of a better replacement. By then ground-attack versions of the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 had largely replaced the Stuka, but Stukas remained in service until the end of the war. An estimated 6,500 Ju 87s of all versions were built between 1936 and August 1944. ""Oberst"" Hans-Ulrich Rudel was the most successful Stuka ace and the most highly decorated German serviceman of the Second World War. The Ju 87's principal designer, Hermann Pohlmann, held the opinion that any dive-bomber design needed to be simple and robust. This led to many technical innovations, such as"
"ground-attack aircraft; the Breda Ba.88 was a failure, and the Caproni Ca.310 was so ineffective that it was replaced by the Fiat CR.32 fighter bomber. Another failure was the Savoia-Marchetti SM.85 dive bomber, phased out and replaced by the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" even before the evaluation of its successor the Savoia-Marchetti SM.86 was complete. In 1939, a new contest for a dive bomber was called, requiring a single-engine aircraft with a maximum speed of 500 km/h (310 mph), or 450 km/h (280 mph) if twin-engined, capable of carrying 500 kg (1,100 lb) bombs, with an endurance of 1,200 km"
"Douglas SBD Dauntless The Douglas SBD Dauntless is a World War II American naval scout plane and dive bomber that was manufactured by Douglas Aircraft from 1940 through 1944. The SBD (""Scout Bomber Douglas"") was the United States Navy's main carrier-based scout/dive bomber from mid-1940 through mid-1944. The SBD was also flown by the United States Marine Corps, both from land air bases and aircraft carriers. The SBD is best remembered as the bomber that delivered the fatal blows to the Japanese carriers at the Battle of Midway in June 1942. The type earned its nickname ""Slow But Deadly"" (from"
"Stukas (film) Stukas is a 1941 Nazi propaganda film, directed by Karl Ritter and starring Carl Raddatz, which follows three squadrons of Luftwaffe dive-bomber (Stuka) flyers. The plot largely alternates between combat and lulls in combat, with the exception of two narratives. In one, three of the flyers who have been shot down behind enemy lines make their way back to the German position, finally succeeding after one of them manages to talk a French unit into capitulating. In the other, a shell-shocked flyer whose doctor has prescribed ""a profound experience"" recovers the will to fight when he hears ""Siegfried's"
"a two-seat monoplane dive-bomber used by Germany's ""Luftwaffe"" (Air Force) during WWII. Langhurst patterned his replica on the Ju 87B-2, as this version was in production at the outbreak of WWII and constituted the largest number of all Stukas built during the war. With no original plans available, Langhurst spent the next three years gathering and studying research materials on the aircraft and making the necessary aerodynamic calculations in order to draft plans for a 7/10th scaled-down version. Only two original and intact Ju 87 Stukas existed in the world. One, a Ju 87D model, was on display at the"
"beneath. Up to two bombs could be carried in bays within the tail booms. Forward-firing armament comprised two MK 412 cannon and two MG-151 guns. Blohm & Voss P 196 The Blohm & Voss P 196 was the last of Blohm & Voss's World war II design projects for a ""stuka"" dive bomber and close support aircraft to replace the ageing Junkers Ju 87. Twin BMW 003 engines were slung in pods under the fuselage centre section. To make room for the main undercarriage twin tail booms were attached to the straight, tapered wings, with the undercarriage retracting into the"
"for strafing runs. Thus the Ju 88, dubbed as the ""Big Stuka"", was equally at home when it came to level or dive bombing or low-level attacks. The versions of the Ju 88 used during the battle were the small-wingtipped A-1 and the A-5; the latter incorporated several improvements, including the A-4's increased 20.08 meter wingspan and uprated armament. The Ju 88 C-1 heavy fighter version, with a sheet metal nose replacing the bombers' ""beetle's-eye"" faceted glazing, was also used in small numbers. In reality, the Ju 88, although operating in smaller numbers than the Do 17 and He 111,"
"dive bomber, one of the Luftwaffe's most effective aerial weapons in the early-war period and continually used for bombing attacks as an integral part of the Blitzkrieg strategy. The Stuka was used both for precision tactical bombing and the strafing of enemy positions, acting as a sort of ""airborne artillery"" that was able to keep up with the fast-moving tanks and attack defended points long before traditional artillery could be brought into range. Later in the war it was fitted with two large-calibre, ""Bordkanone 3,7"" 37mm underwing autocannon and employed in a ""tank busting"" role against Soviet armour. It gained"
"Blohm & Voss P 192 The Blohm & Voss P 192 was a design study for a dive bomber/ground attack aircraft intended to replace the Junkers Ju 87. Its radical design featured a three-surface wing configuration, with the single propeller installed mid-fuselage between the fore and main wings. Through the Spring of 1944 the Blohm & Voss design team under Richard Vogt studied a series of design configurations for a ""Stuka"" dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft, with a view to replacing the ageing Junkers Ju 87 and relieving the demand on the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, which was being pressed into"
"by 5 tons and reducing speed by . He also insisted, against the advice of Ernst Heinkel, that the Heinkel He 177 bomber, ordered in November 1937, be able to dive bomb. Lack of a sufficiently powerful, reliable powerplant fatally compromised its utility, it never performed in the dive bomber role, and the requirement was eventually dropped. Some 23 Breda Ba 65s were flown by Italian pilots also in support of Nationalist Forces. First flown in 1935, it was a single-seat dive bomber carrying the same bomb load as the Stuka with a speed advantage in level flight. As the"
"Blohm & Voss P 196 The Blohm & Voss P 196 was the last of Blohm & Voss's World war II design projects for a ""stuka"" dive bomber and close support aircraft to replace the ageing Junkers Ju 87. Twin BMW 003 engines were slung in pods under the fuselage centre section. To make room for the main undercarriage twin tail booms were attached to the straight, tapered wings, with the undercarriage retracting into the front of the booms. The tailplane was raised midway up the twin tail fins, in order to clear the jet exhaust, with twin tailwheels retracting"
"on 16 September. She was sunk at her moorings on 23 September 1941 by two near-simultaneous hits by bombs near the forward superstructure. They caused the explosion of the forward magazine which heaved the turret up, blew the superstructure and forward funnel over to starboard and demolished the forward part of the hull from frames 20 to 57. 326 men were killed and the ship gradually settled to the bottom in of water. Her sinking is commonly credited to the Stuka pilot Oberleutnant Hans-Ulrich Rudel of III./StG 2, but Rudel dropped only one of the two bombs. The rear part"
"Blohm & Voss P 193 The Blohm & Voss P 193 was a design study for a dive bomber/ground attack aircraft intended to replace the Junkers Ju 87. Its single-engine pusher design featured a variable-incidence wing, which could rotate for takeoff without risking ground impact by the pusher propellor at the rear. Through the Spring of 1944 the Blohm & Voss design team under Richard Vogt studied a series of design configurations for a ""Stuka"" dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft, with a view to replacing the ageing Junkers Ju 87 and relieving the demand on the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, which"
"of the U.S. Navy's Curtiss Helldiver, resulting in the Henschel Hs 123, which was later replaced by the famous Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"". Experience in the Spanish Civil War lead to the creation of five ground-attack groups in 1938, four of which would be equipped with ""Stukas"". The Luftwaffe matched its material acquisitions with advances in the air-ground coordination. General Wolfram von Richthofen organized a limited number of air liaison detachments that were attached to ground units of the main effort. These detachments existed to pass requests from the ground to the air, and receive reconnaissance reports, but they were"
"had been produced. The majority were produced at the Vultee plant in Nashville, Tennessee. Indecision about which aircraft type should replace it in production at the Vultee plant led to several ""make-work"" contracts for Vengeance aircraft to prevent dispersion of the skilled workforce. This resulted in overproduction of what was considered an obsolete aircraft. Operational experience with other dive bomber aircraft of the period, such as the Blackburn Skua, Junkers Ju 87 Stuka, Aichi D3A ""Val"", Douglas Dauntless, Breda Ba.65 and Curtiss SB2C Helldiver, indicated that the Vengeance would be vulnerable to enemy fighters. To be effective, all these aircraft"
"small bombs allowing a higher density during bombing. This created a greater chance of causing a direct impact on the thinner top armor of the tank while also having the ability to damage track and wheels through proximity detonation. The first aircraft capable of engaging tanks was the Junkers Ju 87 ""Stuka"" using dive bombing to place the bomb close to the target. Some French and German fighters fitted with 20 mm cannon were also able to engage thinner top armor surfaces of the tanks early in the war. The Stuka was also given cannons for anti-armor role though it"