"Guru Arjan Guru Arjan ( ""Guru Arjan"" ) 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. He was born in Goindval, in the Punjab, the youngest son of Bhai Jetha, who later became Guru Ram Das, and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das. He was the first Guru in Sikhism to be born into a Sikh"
"Sikh scriptures The principal Sikh scripture is the ""Adi Granth"" (First Scripture), more commonly called the ""Guru Granth Sahib"". The Sikhs do not regard this as their ""holy book"" but as their perpetual and current ""guru"", guide or master. It was called ""Adi Granth"" until Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and final guru in human form, conferred on it the title of the guru in 1708, after which it was called ""Sri Guru Granth Sahib"", or ""Guru Granth Sahib"" for short. The ""Granth"" has 1430 pages and is divided into 39 chapters. All copies are exactly alike. The Sikhs are"
"many Sikhs. The Ādi Granth was compiled primarily by Bhai Gurdas under the supervision of Guru Arjan between the years 1603 and 1604. It is written in the Gurmukhī script, which is a descendant of the Laṇḍā script used in the Punjab at that time. The Gurmukhī script was standardised by Guru Angad, the second guru of the Sikhs, for use in the Sikh scriptures and is thought to have been influenced by the Śāradā and Devanāgarī scripts. An authoritative scripture was created to protect the integrity of hymns and teachings of the Sikh gurus, and thirteen Hindu and two"
"together Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, received a report that the Adi Granth contained passages vilifying Islam. Therefore, while travelling north, he stopped en route and asked to inspect it. Baba Buddha and Bhai Gurdas brought him a copy of the Adi Granth as it existed then. After choosing three random passages to be read, Akbar decided that this report had been false. In 1604, Adi Granth was completed and installed at the Harmandir Sahib, with Baba Buddha as the first ""granthi"", or reader. Since communities of Sikh disciples were scattered all over northern India, copies of the holy scripture needed"
"They have been referred to as the ""Key to the Sri Guru Granth Sahib"" by Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh guru. He was the first scribe of Guru Granth Sahib and a scholar of great repute. From his work, it is clear that he had mastery of various Indian languages and had studied many ancient Indian religious scriptures. Panjab Digital Library in collaboration with the Nanakshahi Trust took up digitization of Sikh scriptures in 2003. Thousands of manuscripts have been digitized and are available online at Panjab Digital Library. Sikh scriptures The principal Sikh scripture is the ""Adi Granth"""
"in Hindi language. A shoemaker of the Chamar caste, all of his devotional songs were preserved included in the Sikh holy book, the Adi Granth, by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan Dev.[2] There is also a larger body of hymns passed on independently that is claimed and attributed by some to Ravidas ji. Ravidas was subversive in that his devotionalism implied a levelling of the social divisions of caste and gender, yet ecumenical in that it tended to promote crossing of sectarian divides in the name of a higher spiritual unity.[3] He taught that one is distinguished not by"
"and the people are so lowered by ethics and sinful. Again he prays to uplift people as you (Shrinathji) saved sinful Ajamil. It was composed in Adel.We can read this stotram in front of lord krishna as per vallabh said. Shodash Granth Shodash Granth () (literally ""sixteen books"") is a collection of 16 books (or doctrines) written by Shri Vallabha Acharyaji. They are the main doctrine of Pushtimarg, a Vaishnav sect of Hinduism. The granths serve as a lighthouse for devotees. They speak about increasing love for Shri Krishna through Seva (service) and Smarana (remembering). These doctrines are Shri Mahaprabhuji’s"
"and that the Sikh tradition welcomed all. This belief is however unsubstantiated According to Sikh traditional sources such as Sri Gur Suraj Parkash Granth it was laid by Guru Arjan himself. After the inauguration, the pool was filled with water. On August 16, 1604, Guru Arjan completed expanding and compiling the first version of the Sikh scripture and placed a copy of the Adi Granth in the temple. He appointed Baba Buddha as the first Granthi. Guru Arjan called the site ""Ath Sath Tirath"" which means ""shrine of 68 pilgrimages"". The temple complex marks the place of this announcement with"
"known as the Ādi Granth (literally ""the first book"") and included the writings of the first five gurus and other enlightened 13 Hindu and 2 Muslim Sufi saints. In 1606, he was tortured and killed by the Mughal emperor Jahangir, for refusing to convert to Islam. His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism. After the martyrdom of Guru Arjan, his son Guru Hargobind at age eleven became the sixth guru of the Sikhs and Sikhism dramatically evolved to become a political movement in addition to being religious. Guru Hargobind carried two swords, calling one spiritual"
"the Adi Granth by collecting hymns of past Gurus from many places, then rejecting those that he considered as fakes or to be diverging from the teachings of the Gurus. His approved collection included hymns from the first four Gurus of Sikhism, those he composed, as well as 17 Hindu bards and 2 Muslim bards. The compilation was completed on August 30, 1604, according to the Sikh tradition and installed in the Harmandir Sahib temple on September 1, 1604. Guru Arjan was a prolific poet and composed 2,218 hymns, or more than a third and the largest collection of hymns"
"to give him the collection of the religious writings of the first three gurus. In addition, he sent disciples to go across the country to find and bring back any previously unknown religious writings of theirs. He also invited members of other religions and contemporary religious writers to submit writings for possible inclusion. Guru Arjan pitched a tent by the side of Ramsar tank in Amritsar and started the task of compiling the holy Granth. He selected hymns for inclusion in the Adi Granth and Bhai Gurdas acted as his scribe. While the holy hymns and verses were being put"
"by Guru Gobind Singh in 1678. It consists of the original Ādi Granth with the addition of Guru Tegh Bahadur's hymns. The predominant bulk of Guru Granth Sahib is compositions by seven Sikh Gurus – Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan, Guru Teg Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh. It also contains the traditions and teachings of thirteen Hindu Bhakti movement ""sants"" (saints) such as Ramananda, Namdev among others, and two Muslim saints namely Kabir and the Sufi Sheikh Farid. The text comprises 6,000 ""śabads"" (line compositions), which are poetically rendered and set to rhythmic"
"based on divine justice without oppression of any kind. While the Granth acknowledges and respects the scriptures of Hinduism and Islam, it does not imply a moral reconciliation with either of these religions. It is installed in a Sikh ""gurdwara"" (temple); all Sikhs bow or prostrate before it on entering such a temple. The Granth is revered as eternal ""gurbānī"" and the spiritual authority in Sikhism. During the guruship of Guru Nanak Dev, collections of his holy hymns were compiled and sent to distant Sikh communities for use in morning and evening prayers. His successor Guru Angad Dev began collecting"
"Muslim bhagats of the Bhakti movement sant tradition in medieval India. The thirteen Hindu bhagats whose teachings were entered into the text included Ramananda, Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jaidev, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Sur, Trilochan, while the two Muslim bhagats were Kabir and Sufi saint Farid. The Guru Granth Sahib is the holy scripture of the Sikhs, and regarded as the living Guru. The Guru Granth started as a volume of Guru Nanak's poetic compositions. Prior to his death, he passed on his volume to Guru Angad (Guru 1539–1551). The final version of the Gurū Granth Sāhib was compiled"
"gurus. Numerous holy men, aside from the Sikh gurus, are collectively referred to as ""Bhagats"" or ""devotees."" In 1708 Guru Gobind Singh conferred the title of ""Guru of the Sikhs"" upon the Adi Granth. The event was recorded in a ""Bhatt Vahi"" (a bard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh, who was a bard at the Rajput rulers' court associated with gurus. A variety of other documents also attest to this proclamation by the tenth guru. Thus, despite some aberrations, Sikhs since then have accepted Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture, as their eternal-living guru, as the embodiment of the"
"Dasam Granth The Dasam Patishah Ji Da Granth (Gurmukhi: ਦਸਮ ਪਾਤਿਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ), commonly known as Dasam Granth (Gurmukhi: ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ), is a religious text containing many of the texts traditionally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh. It is written primarily in Braj Bhasha, with Awadhi, Hindustani, Punjabi and Persian compositions written almost entirely in the Gurmukhi script except for the ""Fatehnama"", ""Zafar Nama"" and ""Hikayat"", which are in the Persian alphabet. The ""Dasam Granth"" is a separate religious text from the Guru Granth Sahib. Some compositions of the ""Dasam Granth"" such as Jaap Sahib, Tav-Prasad Savaiye and Benti Chaupai are"
"Shodash Granth Shodash Granth () (literally ""sixteen books"") is a collection of 16 books (or doctrines) written by Shri Vallabha Acharyaji. They are the main doctrine of Pushtimarg, a Vaishnav sect of Hinduism. The granths serve as a lighthouse for devotees. They speak about increasing love for Shri Krishna through Seva (service) and Smarana (remembering). These doctrines are Shri Mahaprabhuji’s way of encouraging and inspiring devotees on this path of grace. The central message of the Shodasha Granthas is, total surrender to the Lord Shri Krishna. A Goswami can initiate an eager soul to this path of Shri Krishna’s loving"
"Granthi A Granthi (, ) is a person, female or male, of the Sikh religion who is a ceremonial reader of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, which is the Holy Book in Sikhism, often read to worshipers at Sikh temples called a Gurudwara. The name Granthi comes from the Sanskrit granthika, which means a relater or narrator. Any Sikh individual appointed the title of being a Granthi is considered a principal religious official of Sikhism. Although they are considered religious officials in Sikhism, they are not considered to be the equivalent of a priest, as the belief is that there"
"added the religious compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur to Adi Granth to create a definitive compilation. Religious verses of Guru Gobind Singh were not included in Guru Granth Sahib, but he added 1 sloak in mahala 9 Ang 1429. His banis are found in the Sri Dasam Granth, they are part in the daily prayers of Sikhs During this period, Bhai Mani Singh also collected Guru Gobind Singh's religious writings, as well as his court poems, and included them in a secondary religious volume, today known as the ""Dasam Granth Sahib"". Sikhs consider the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal"
"interpolation of the text, and compiled a purer version of the Adi Granth. In the 17th century the text was called the ""Pothi"", and three manuscripts claimed to be authentic. There was a Kartarpur version (dated 1604); a slightly longer Khara Mangat version (dated 1642); and a third (quite different) Lahore version (date unknown). Guru Gobind Singh is credited in the Sikh tradition with finalizing the ""Kartarpur Pothi"" into the Guru Granth Sahib in Bathinda and releasing it in 1706. The final version did not accept the extraneous hymns in other versions, and included the compositions of his father Guru"
"instructions, chant Har, Har singing which, all misdeeds, sins and pains shall go away."" Guru Ram Das nominated Guru Arjan, his youngest son, as the next Guru of the Sikhs. In 1581, Guru Arjan — the youngest son of the fourth guru — became the Fifth Guru of the Sikhs. In addition to being responsible for building the Golden Temple, he prepared the Sikh Sacred text and his personal addition of some 2,000 plus hymns in the Gurū Granth Sāhib. In 1604 he installed the Ādi Granth for the first time as the Holy Book of the Sikhs. In 1606,"
"family. Guru Arjan led Sikhism for a quarter of a century. He completed the construction of Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, after the fourth Sikh Guru founded the town and built a pool. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of previous Gurus and of other saints into Adi Granth, the first edition of the Sikh scripture, and installed it in the Harimandir Sahib. Guru Arjan reorganized the Masands system initiated by Guru Ram Das, by suggesting that the Sikhs donate, if possible, one-tenth of their income, goods or service to the Sikh organization (""dasvand""). The ""Masand"" not only collected these funds but"
"masses and showing them the true way of life. Bhai Gurdas completed the Adi Granth in 1604. It took him nearly 19 years to scribe. He not only wrote the Adi Granth, as dictated by Guru Arjan, but also supervised four other scribes (Bhai Haria, Bhai Sant Das, Bhai Sukha and Bhai Manasa Ram) in the writing of various Sikh scriptures. His other works in Punjabi are collectively called Vaaran Bhai Gurdas. The Akal Takht was revealed by Guru Hargobind on 15 June 1606. The foundation stone of the building of the Akal Takht was laid down by Guru Hargobind"
"first four Gurus, but the Khalsa considers them corrupted texts. According to some scholars such as Ahluwalia, Prithi Chand's copious literary compositions as a devotional poet and pen name of ""Nanak"", ""Jan Nanak"" or ""Nanak Das"", were a reason that pressured Guru Arjan to compile and release an official version of the Adi Granth. Guru Arjan hoped to prevent a competing version of scripture confusing his Sikh followers. The Miharvan tradition launched by Prithi Chand continued to compose poems dedicated to God, which they believed was in the Guru Nanak tradition. The Islamic historians of the Mughal era recorded the"
"Roy, Debendranath Tagore and Prasanna Coomar Tagore. This Adi Brahma religion ""Adi Dharma"" was originally propounded by these Brahmins of Bengal who were excommunicated from Hindu faith for opposing social and priestly evils of the time (18th and 19th centuries). Previously the original ancestors (5 ""legendary"" Brahmin scholars of Kannauj ""Kanyakubja"" school deputed to the King of Bengal) of all these Bengali Brahmins had been excommunicated from Kannauj (Uttar Pradesh) in the 10th/11th century AD after their return from Bengal. ""Mobility"" i.e. leaving the home and being exposed to external influence meant loss of caste for Brahmins (a social device"
"own. The granth (holy book) has so many words from different languages like Arabic, Gujraati and other language spoken at that time in different regions up to Afghanistan and across the Himalayan valleys. He left this earth in 1778, and over his remains a mausoleum was erected. The holy book contains vast knowledge of different forms of Bhakti and Sadhna. Acharaya explained different ways to reach the ultimate goal of human soul which is also discussed in Vedanta. Till the present age of Kali there appeared so many holy books preaching different ways to meet Gods like Lord Shiva, Lord"
"was useless and disadvantageous for final salvation. They were seen as sophists who specialized in refutation without propagating any positive doctrine of their own. Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa (fl. c. 800), author of the skeptical work entitled ""Tattvopaplavasiṃha"" (""The Lion that Devours All Categories""/""The Upsetting of All Principles""), has been seen as an important Ajñana philosopher. Sikhism is an Indian religion developed by Guru Nanak (1469–1539) in the Punjab region during the Mughal Era. Their main sacred text is the ""Guru Granth Sahib."" The fundamental beliefs include constant spiritual meditation of God's name, being guided by the Guru instead of yielding to"
"Adi Shankara Adi Shankara (pronounced ) or Shankara, was an early 8th century Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta. He is credited with unifying and establishing the main currents of thought in Hinduism. His works in Sanskrit discuss the unity of the ātman and Nirguna Brahman ""brahman without attributes"". He wrote copious commentaries on the Vedic canon (""Brahma Sutras"", Principal Upanishads and ""Bhagavad Gita"") in support of his thesis. His works elaborate on ideas found in the Upanishads. Shankara's publications criticised the ritually-oriented Mīmāṃsā school of Hinduism. He also explained the key difference between Hinduism"
"in the ""Guru Granth Sahib"". According to Christopher Shackle and Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, Guru Arjan's compositions combined spiritual message in an ""encyclopedic linguistic sophistication"" with ""Braj Bhasha forms and learned Sanskrit vocabulary"". After Guru Arjan completed and installed the Adi Granth in the Harimandir Sahib, Emperor Akbar was informed of the development with the allegation that it contained teachings hostile to Islam. He ordered a copy be brought to him. Guru Arjan sent him a copy on a ""thali"" (plate), with the following message that was later added to the expanded text: The ""Akbarnama"" by Abu'l-Fazl Allami mentions that Guru"
"Adi Dharam Adi Dharma or ādi dharam ( आदि धरम, আদি ধারাম, આદિ ધરમ, ଆଦି ଧର୍ମ, ఆది ధారణ, ஆடி தரம், ആദി താരം, ಆದಿ ಧರಮ್) (literal meaning the ancient or the root ""(Ādi)"" religion (""Dharam"") ) refers to the tribal religion or the traditional religion or the indigenous religion or the Adivasi (Hindi for original settlers) religion of the indigenous peoples of India. It is an umbrella term used to denote the religion of indigenous peoples of India. The term 'Adi Dharam' was made popular by the tribal scholar and philosopher Ram Dayal Munda when he sought to unite the ancestral"
"two gourds. Surprised and insulted, the Jagirdar broke the gourds in anger, only to find that they were full of pearls. Bhakti-saint Meera refers to this story in her poem, ""sun lijo binati mori, main sharan gahi prabhu teri"". In 1974, a Punjabi movie called ""Bhagat Dhanna Jatt"", starring Dara Singh, was released. Bhagat Dhanna Dhanna Bhagat (born 1415) was a mystic poet and a Vaishnav devotee whose three hymns are present in Adi Granth. He was born in the village of dhuwa near tehsil Dooni, in the Tonk district of Rajasthan, India in hindu Jat family. Max Arthur Macauliffe"
"the prevalent Hindu and Muslim teachings. The Mughal emperor Akbar was relatively tolerant of non-Islamic religions and focused on religious tolerance. His relationship with Sikh Gurus was cordial. The relationship between the Sikhs and Akbar's successor Jehangir was not friendly. Later Mughal rulers reinstated sha'ria traditions of jizya, a poll tax on non muslims, and encouraged conversions. There is no historical evidence to suggest systematic forced conversations, though many softer coercive strategies were implemented . The Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth guru, refused to remove references to Muslim and Hindu teachings in the Adi Granth and was summoned and executed."
"Tegh Bahadur. Guru Gobind Singh also declared this text to be the eternal Guru for Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh composed other texts, particularly the Dasam Granth which many Sikhs consider to be a scripture next in importance after the Guru Granth Sahib. The Dasam Granth includes compositions such as the Jaap Sahib, Amrit Savaiye and Benti Chaupai which are part of the daily prayers/lessons (Nitnem) of Sikhs. The Dasam Granth is largely versions of Indian theology from the Puranas and secular stories. The Sarbloh Granth has also been attributed to the Guru. The period following the execution of Guru Tegh"