"the St Anna Normal-hauptschule. In 1814, he entered his father's school as teacher of the youngest pupils. For over two years young Schubert endured severe drudgery; there were, however, compensatory interests even then. He continued to take private lessons in composition from Salieri, who gave Schubert more actual technical training than any of his other teachers, before they parted ways in 1817. In 1814, Schubert met a young soprano named Therese Grob, daughter of a local silk manufacturer, and wrote several of his liturgical works (including a ""Salve Regina"" and a ""Tantum Ergo"") for her; she was also a soloist"
"the Italian premieres of more recent works such as Liszt's ""Dante Symphony"" and ""Christus"" oratorio. He died in Rome, aged 73. Notable students include pianist and composer Lucia Contini Anselmi. Giovanni Sgambati Giovanni Sgambati (May 28, 1841 – December 14, 1914) was an Italian pianist and composer. Born in Rome, to an Italian father and an English mother, Sgambati, who lost his father early, received his early education at Trevi, in Umbria, where he wrote some church music and obtained experience as a singer and conductor. In 1860 he settled in Rome, and took up the work of winning acceptance"
"cello method. His pupils were many, and included Robert Hausmann. Brahms: ""Twenty-One Hungarian Dances"" (1881) Locateli:"" Sonata in D major"" Haydn: ""Sonata in C major"" Carlo Alfredo Piatti Carlo Alfredo Piatti (January 8, 1822July 18, 1901) was an Italian cellist, teacher and composer. Piatti was born at via Borgo Canale, in Bergamo and died in Mozzo, 4 miles from Bergamo. The son of a violinist, Antonio Piatti, he originally began his studies on the violin before switching to the cello. As a cellist, he studied under his great-uncle, Gaetano Zanetti, a great cellist. After two years of studying, he joined"
"Giovanni Battista Sammartini Giovanni Battista Sammartini (c. 1700 – 15 January 1775) was an Italian composer, oboist, organist, choirmaster and teacher. He counted Gluck among his students, and was highly regarded by younger composers including Johann Christian Bach. It has also been noted that many stylizations in Joseph Haydn's compositions are similar to those of Sammartini, although Haydn denied any such influence. Sammartini is especially associated with the formation of the concert symphony through both the shift from a brief opera-overture style and the introduction of a new seriousness and use of thematic development that prefigure Haydn and Mozart. Some"
"from them himself, and throwing open his stores for others to study from. Based on this collection, he undertook works on commission for which his pupils no less than himself were made available. As many as 137 painters and pictorial students passed through his school, established in 1431 and which became famous all over Italy. Squarcione's favorite pupil was Mantegna. Squarcione taught Mantegna the Latin language and instructed him to study fragments of Roman sculpture. Pupils or followers of Squarcione include Francesco Verla, Pietro Calzetta, and Andrea Bellunello. Francesco Squarcione Francesco Squarcione (""c."" 1395 – after 1468) was an Italian"
"music students. Marco Bordogni Giulio Marco Bordogni (23 January 1789 – 31 July 1856), usually called Marco Bordogni, was an Italian operatic tenor and singing teacher of great popularity and success, whose mature career was based in Paris. Bordogni was born in Gazzaniga, near Bergamo, Italy. He was a product of the Bergamo tenor school which originated with Giacomo David and Gaetano Crivelli, and in which can be counted, in addition to David's two best pupils (namely his son Giovanni and Andrea Nozzari, both notable in Rossini's operas), and besides Bordogni himself, also Domenico Donzelli and Giovanni Battista Rubini ."
"middle period is regarded as his most significant and pioneering, during which his compositions in the ""galant"" style of music foreshadow the Classical era to come. Giovanni Battista Sammartini Giovanni Battista Sammartini (c. 1700 – 15 January 1775) was an Italian composer, oboist, organist, choirmaster and teacher. He counted Gluck among his students, and was highly regarded by younger composers including Johann Christian Bach. It has also been noted that many stylizations in Joseph Haydn's compositions are similar to those of Sammartini, although Haydn denied any such influence. Sammartini is especially associated with the formation of the concert symphony through"
"was also a musical critic and historian, and he collaborated with RAI as creator and host of several radio programs dedicated to contemporary classical music. He also composed, sometimes under the pseudonym Lesiman, theme music for films, TV-programs and documentaries. He died of heart attack. He taught on the faculty of the Bologna Conservatory where one of his pupils was Chiara Benati. Paolo Renosto Paolo Renosto (10 October 1935 – 10 February 1988) was an Italian composer, conductor and pianist. Born in Florence, Renosto formed at the conservatory of his hometown, where he studied piano and composition. He later became"
"the lower tenor notes. However, he became highly regarded as a voice teacher. Amongst his pupils were the castrato singers Girolamo Crescentini and Francesco Roncaglia and the tenor Matteo Babbini. His compositions include five operas, five oratorios, and over 400 pieces of sacred music. Lorenzo Gibelli Lorenzo Maria Petronio Gibelli (24 November 1718 – 5 November 1812) was an Italian composer, singer, and singing teacher. Also known as ""Gibellone"", he was born in Bologna and studied music there under Giovanni Battista Martini. He was elected to the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna in 1741 and made a ""Principe"" (Prince) of the"
"Locatelli (1693–1746) and August Duranowski (Auguste Frédéric Durand) (1770–1834). During Paganini's study in Parma, he came across the 24 Caprices of Locatelli (entitled ""L'arte di nuova modulazione – Capricci enigmatici"" or ""The art of the new style – the enigmatic caprices""). Published in the 1730s, they were shunned by the musical authorities for their technical innovations, and were forgotten by the musical community at large. Around the same time, Durand, a former student of Giovanni Battista Viotti (1755–1824), became a celebrated violinist. He was renowned for his use of harmonics and the left hand pizzicato in his performance. Paganini was"
"Trecento The Trecento (; Italian for 300, short for ""mille trecento,"" 1300) refers to the 14th century in Italian cultural history. Commonly the Trecento is considered to be the beginning of the Renaissance in art history. Painters of the Trecento included Giotto di Bondone, as well as painters of the Sienese School, which became the most important in Italy during the century, including Duccio di Buoninsegna, Simone Martini, Lippo Memmi, Ambrogio Lorenzetti and his brother Pietro. Important sculptors included two pupils of Giovanni Pisano: Arnolfo di Cambio and Tino di Camaino, and Bonino da Campione. The Trecento was also famous"
"became apparent with Beethoven's 3rd Symphony, given the name ""Eroica"", which is Italian for ""heroic"", by the composer. As with Stravinsky's ""The Rite of Spring"", it may not have been the first in all of its innovations, but its aggressive use of every part of the Classical style set it apart from its contemporary works: in length, ambition, and harmonic resources as well. The First Viennese School is a name mostly used to refer to three composers of the Classical period in late-18th-century Vienna: Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Franz Schubert is occasionally added to the list. In German-speaking countries, the"
"seventeen children of the owner. Among his pupils is Bartolomeo Bimbi. He should not be confused with the Quattrocento-Renaissance, father-son pair of Florentine painters Filippo and Filippino Lippi. Lorenzo Lippi Lorenzo Lippi (3 May 1606 – 15 April 1665) was an Italian painter and poet. Born in Florence, he studied painting under Matteo Rosselli. Both Baldassare Franceschini and Francesco Furini were also apprenticed with Rosselli, the influence of whose style, and more especially of that of Santi di Tito, is to be traced in Lippi's works, which are marked by taste, delicacy and a strong turn for portrait-like naturalism. His"
"was studied and emulated all over Europe. The sonata, concerto, sinfonia, oratorio and other musical forms all originated in Italy. Italian terminology defining the tempo and mood of a musical passage was universally adopted in Western music. The music of Italian composers, such as Corelli, Scarlatti, and Vivaldi, was studied or transcribed by many other composers of the day, most notably Bach. In addition, many composers, such as Handel, Gluck and Mozart studied or worked in Italy, and subsequently became famous for their instrumental music and operas. The Fortepiano, the fore-runner of the modern Piano, was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori"
"he wrote mainly sacred music. Fedele Fenaroli Fedele Fenaroli (Lanciano, 25 April 1730 - Naples, 1 January 1818) was an Italian composer and teacher. Fenaroli entered the Conservatorio di Santa Maria di Loreto, one of the Music conservatories of Naples, becoming a pupil of Francesco Durante. In 1762 he was appointed Maestro di Cappella. Among his students were many celebrated Italian composers, such as Domenico Cimarosa, Nicola Antonio Zingarelli, and Saverio Mercadante. Giuseppe Verdi was a second-generation student, as his teacher, Vincenzo Lavigna, was a student of Fenaroli. Fenaroli wrote several treatises on music, which were widely used during the"
"and composition. Gasparo Ghiretti Gasparo Ghiretti was an Italian composer and violinist who served as chamber musician to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma in the last part of the 1700s. In his position he served as master teacher to a number of talented musicians, including composer and Duke's chapel-master Ferdinando Paer, Ferdinando Orlandi (1774 - 1848), Angelo Maria Benincori (1779 - 1821) and most famously to a young Nicolo Paganini. In this last relationship, Paganini studied under Ghiretti for several months and possibly as long as two years. With Paganini and others he often focused on harmony and counterpoint, as well"
"Many of these books heavily borrow material from one another, as shown by evidence that he used identical engraving plates for multiple sections of many of his works. The books contain lists of his students, often arranged according to their social status. His prototypical student would have been novices – as evidenced by the book's largely simplistic music. These encompass music in lower positions of the instrument that avoided complex textures, rhythms, and techniques. Some of his more famous contemporaries – such as Giovanni Paolo Foscarini (fl. 1600–1647) and Francesco Corbetta (c. 1615 – 1681), paved the way for the"
"1695 and served as ""maestro di cappella"" for the Cappella Giulia. Paolo Lorenzani Paolo Francesco Lorenzani (5 January 1640 – 28 October 1713) was an Italian composer of the Baroque Era. While living in France, he helped promote appreciation for the Italian style of music. Lorenzani was born in Rome and was trained by Orazio Benevoli, ""maestro di cappella"" for the Cappella Giulia in The Vatican. He served in Rome as ""maestro di cappella"" at the Church of the Gesù and ""Collegio Romano"", the first Jesuit university, which later expanded to become Pontifical Gregorian University. He later served at the"
"influenced by the French works. Among those specifically influenced and dedicated to Lovato's style of writing and expression was Albertino Mussato, one of his disciples. Mussato, in the later years of his life, in spite of his deep interactions with Lovato gave credit to Buonincontro da Mantova as his teacher, but the latter, like other intellectuals from Padua, such as Zambbono di Andrea and Ugo Mezzabati were deeply influenced by Lovato, thereby indicating that Mussato derived much from Lovato's stylistic schemes. Lovato Lovati's influence upon the succeeding generation of poets of the humanist tradition can also be seen in his"
"and more emotional, and caused a decided step forward in the art of violin playing. He was the teacher of Jean-Marie Leclair, Felice Giardini, Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, and Chabran, as well as Gaetano Pugnani, and he forms a connecting link between the classical schools of Italy and France. He died in Turin. Giovanni Battista Somis Giovanni Battista Somis (December 25, 1686 – August 14, 1763) was an Italian violinist and composer of the Baroque music era. He studied under Arcangelo Corelli between 1703 and 1706 or 1707. He was later appointed solo violinist to the king at Turin and leader of"
"Pasquale Cafaro Pasquale Cafaro (or Caffaro, 8 February 1715 or 1716 – 25 October 1787) was an Italian composer who was particularly known for his operas and the significant amount of sacred music he produced, including oratorios, motets, and masses. He was also called ""Cafariello"". Born in San Pietro, Galatina, Cafaro entered the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini in Naples in December 1735 where he was a pupil of Lorenzo Fago and Leonardo Leo. He remained in Naples for the rest of his life and taught at the conservatorio from 1759 until 1785. His most famous pupil was Giacomo Tritto."
"serenata, and two oratorios (""Oratorio di Maria dolorata"" ca. 1723 and ""Oratorio per la Santissima Vergine del Rosario"" ca. 1730). His sonata in D major for flute and basso continuo is still played today. He composed two sonatas for the recorder in addition to a recorder concerto in a minor. Leonardo Vinci Leonardo Vinci (1690 – 27 May 1730) was an Italian composer, best known for his operas. He was born at Strongoli and educated at Naples under Gaetano Greco in the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo. He first became known for his ""opere buffe"" in Neapolitan dialect in"
"became a noted singing teacher in Milan, her most famous students include: Renata Scotto, Fiorenza Cossotto, Anna Moffo, Elena Souliotis, Biancamaria Casoni, Venezuelan tenor Rubén Dominguez, Venezuelan coloratura soprano Cecilia Nuñez Albanese, Ana María Iriarte, Francisco Ortiz, tenors Bernabé Martí, Alfredo Kraus, his older brother baritone Francisco Kraus and bass Ivo Vinco. She died in Milan. Mercedes Llopart Mercedes Llopart (1895 - 2 September 1970) was a Spanish soprano who later became a notable singing teacher in Italy. Mercedes Llopart studied in her native Barcelona and made her operatic debut there in 1915. She then went to Italy where she"
"them are composed in the ""concertato"" style with strings, basso continuo, and occasionally oboes and trumpets. His more progressive works foreshadow the gallant style, considered a transition between the established Baroque and emerging Classical styles. Lotti is thought to have influenced Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and Jan Dismas Zelenka, all of whom had copies of Lotti's mass, the ""Missa Sapientiae."" According to one nineteenth-century biographer, Lotti was a notable teacher, with Domenico Alberti, Benedetto Marcello, Giovanni Battista Pescetti, Baldassare Galuppi, Giuseppe Saratelli and Jan Dismas Zelenka among his pupils. He was married to the noted soprano Santa Stella."
"to be performed at state occasions and in the houses of the nobility. Although he never strayed far from Milan, he came into contact with many notable composers including J.C. Bach, Mozart, Boccherini, and Gluck, the latter of whom became his student from the years 1737 to 1741. Sammartini's death in 1775 was unexpected. Although he was highly regarded in his time, his music was quickly forgotten, and was not rediscovered until 1913 by researchers Fausto Torrefranca, Georges de Saint-Foix and Gaetano Cesari. However, most of his surviving works have been recovered from editions published outside his hometown of Milan."
"often assumed to connote the great Vienna-based masters of the Classical style working in the late 18th and early 19th century, particularly Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. Though Mozart and Schubert did not study with Haydn, Mozart and Haydn were admirers of each other's work and evidence suggests that the two composers fed off the other's compositional craftsmanship. Beethoven, however, did for a time receive lessons from the older master, though he was not a pupil in the sense that Berg and Webern were pupils of Schoenberg. The term ""Third Viennese School"" is occasionally"
"his three children: the celebrated Gaia of Dante Alighieri's ""Divina Commedia"", Rizzardo, and Guecellone. That there were didactic Occitan poets in Italy is known: Uc Faidit composed his ""Donat"" there and Terramagnino da Pisa his ""Doctrina"". On the other hand, Ferrarino's florilegium may have been written without a specific purpose or with a general purpose in mind. Or it may have been intended for a private student, one Tuisio or Tuixio, later a master (fl. 1302). Some of these works may be ""Italian"" masked in Provençal orthography in order to teach the latter to a young pupil. Ferrarino, who is"
"Nicola Porpora Nicola (Antonio) Porpora (or Niccolò Porpora) (17 August 16863 March 1768) was an Italian composer and teacher of singing of the Baroque era, whose most famous singing student was the castrato Farinelli. Other students included composers Matteo Capranica and Joseph Haydn. Porpora was born in Naples. He graduated from the music conservatory Poveri di Gesù Cristo of his native city, where the civic opera scene was dominated by Alessandro Scarlatti. Porpora's first opera, ""Agrippina,"" was successfully performed at the Neapolitan court in 1708. His second, ""Berenice"", was performed at Rome. In a long career, he followed these up"
"Pietro Locatelli Pietro Antonio Locatelli (3 September 1695 in Bergamo – 30 March 1764 in Amsterdam) was an Italian Baroque composer and violinist. Little is known about Locatelli's childhood. In his early youth he was the third violinist and held the title of ""virtuoso"" in the ""cappella musicale"" (musical establishment) of the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo. His first violin teachers were probably Ludovico Ferronati and Carlo Antonio Marino, both of whom were members of the ""cappella"". The ""maestro di cappella"", Francesco Ballarotti, may have taught him composition. In autumn 1711 Locatelli went to Rome to seek greater"
"it with conductor Jan Willem de Vriend in Sint Petruskerk, Oirschot, published by Stichting Stabat Mater. Giovan Gualberto Brunetti Giovan Gualberto Brunetti (Pistoia, 24 April 1706 – Pisa, 20 May 1787) was an Italian composer. Giovan Gualberto Brunetti studied violin with Atto Gherardeschi in Pistoia, and beginning in 1723 was the student of Giovan Carlo Maria Clari in Pisa. In 1728, Brunetti left in order to study violin at the Pietà dei Turchini Conservatory in Naples, where he was instead forced to study voice performance as a tenor. In 1733, he composed a comic opera, but his operatic career did"
"Giovanni Sgambati Giovanni Sgambati (May 28, 1841 – December 14, 1914) was an Italian pianist and composer. Born in Rome, to an Italian father and an English mother, Sgambati, who lost his father early, received his early education at Trevi, in Umbria, where he wrote some church music and obtained experience as a singer and conductor. In 1860 he settled in Rome, and took up the work of winning acceptance for the best German music, then little known in Italy. The influence and support of Franz Liszt, who was in Rome from 1861, was naturally of the greatest advantage to"
"Gasparo Ghiretti Gasparo Ghiretti was an Italian composer and violinist who served as chamber musician to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma in the last part of the 1700s. In his position he served as master teacher to a number of talented musicians, including composer and Duke's chapel-master Ferdinando Paer, Ferdinando Orlandi (1774 - 1848), Angelo Maria Benincori (1779 - 1821) and most famously to a young Nicolo Paganini. In this last relationship, Paganini studied under Ghiretti for several months and possibly as long as two years. With Paganini and others he often focused on harmony and counterpoint, as well as theory"
"e concertator""e at La Scala, a position he held until 1868. He died nine years later in Milan at the age of 64. Alberto Mazzucato Alberto Mazzucato (28 July 1813 – 31 December 1877) was an Italian composer, music teacher, and writer. Mazzucato was born in Udine. Trained at the Padua Conservatory, he composed eight operas between 1834 and 1843, of which his most successful was ""Esmeralda"" (1838). He also contributed music to the pastiche ""La vergine di Kermo"" (1870) which also contained music by Carlo Pedrotti, Antonio Cagnoni, Federico Ricci, Amilcare Ponchielli, and Giovanni Pacini. Along with Luigi Felice"