"was viewed as violating basic human rights, not only of the suffragettes but of other prisoners. The Act's nickname of ""Cat and Mouse Act"", referring to the way the government seemed to play with prisoners as a cat may with a captured mouse, underlined how the cruelty of repeated releases and re-imprisonments turned the suffragettes from targets of scorn to objects of sympathy. The Asquith government's implementation of the Act caused the militant WSPU and the suffragettes to perceive Asquith as the enemy — an enemy to be vanquished in what the organisation saw as an all-out war. A related"
"Discharge for Ill Health) Act of 1913, better known as the Cat and Mouse Act, whereby debilitated prisoners would be released, allowed to recover, and then re-arrested.) Rubber tubes were inserted through the mouth (only occasionally through the nose) and into the stomach, and food poured down; the suffragettes were held down by force while the instruments were inserted into their bodies, an experience which has been likened to rape. In a smuggled letter, Sylvia Pankhurst described how the warders held her down and forced her mouth open with a steel gag. Her gums bled, and she vomited most of"
"ladders to enable politicians to climb down from untenable positions. Sharp was an active member of the Women Writers' Suffrage League. In August 1913, in response to the government tactic of keeping prisoners that would hunger strike until they were too weak to be active by means of the Cat and Mouse Act (Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913), permitting their re-arrest as soon as they were active, Sharp was chosen to represent the WWSL in a delegation to meet with the Home Secretary, Reginald McKenna and discuss the Cat and Mouse Act. McKenna was unwilling to talk"
"problems caused by force feeding. In 1913 the Prisoner's Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act (nicknamed the ""Cat and Mouse Act"") changed policy. Hunger strikes were tolerated but prisoners were released when they became sick. When they had recovered, the suffragettes were taken back to prison to finish their sentences. Like their British counterparts, American suffragettes also used this method of political protest. A few years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, a group of American suffragettes led by Alice Paul engaged in a hunger strike and endured forced feedings while incarcerated at"
"damage to the circulatory system, digestive system and nervous system and long-term damage to the physical and mental health of the suffragettes. Some suffragettes who were force-fed developed pleurisy or pneumonia as a result of a misplaced tube. In April 1913, Reginald McKenna of the Home Office passed the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913, or the Cat and Mouse Act as it was commonly known. The act made the hunger strikes legal, in that a suffragette would be temporarily released from prison when their health began to diminish, only to be readmitted when she regained her health"
"worthless...she was tied into a chair and her head dragged backward across the back of the chair by her hair. The tube was forced through the nose twice . . . after the second introduction when the food was poured in, it caused violent choking."" To avoid more such political embarrassment, the Government rushed through its 'Cat and Mouse Act' in April 1913, which stated that hunger-striking suffragette 'mice' could be released on temporary licence to recover their health, when the security forces could re-arrest them. In June 1913 Lenton was arrested in Doncaster and charged as 'May Dennis' with"
"Mental Deficiency Act 1913 The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 was an act of the United Kingdom which made provisions for the institutional treatment of people deemed to be ""feeble-minded"" and ""moral defectives"". ""It proposed an institutional separation so that mental defectives should be taken out of Poor Law institutions and prisons into newly established colonies."" The Idiots Act 1886 made the legal distinction between ""idiots"" and ""imbeciles"". It contained educational provisions for the needs of people deemed to be in these categories. In 1904 the Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble-Minded was set up with the"
"Cicely Hamilton. In opposition to the continuing and repeated imprisonment of many of their members, the WSPU introduced the prison hunger strike to Britain, and the authorities' policy of force feeding won the suffragettes great sympathy from the public. The government later passed the Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill Health) Act 1913 (more commonly known as the ""Cat and Mouse Act""), which allowed the release of suffragettes who were close to death due to malnourishment. Officers, however, could re-imprison them again once they were healthy. This was an attempt to avoid force-feeding. In response, the WSPU organised an all-women security"
"effect until it was repealed by the Mental Health Act 1959. Mental Deficiency Act 1913 The Mental Deficiency Act 1913 was an act of the United Kingdom which made provisions for the institutional treatment of people deemed to be ""feeble-minded"" and ""moral defectives"". ""It proposed an institutional separation so that mental defectives should be taken out of Poor Law institutions and prisons into newly established colonies."" The Idiots Act 1886 made the legal distinction between ""idiots"" and ""imbeciles"". It contained educational provisions for the needs of people deemed to be in these categories. In 1904 the Royal Commission on the"
"and children's classes. The Garruds popularised jujutsu by performing numerous exhibitions throughout London and by writing articles for magazines. Beginning in 1908, Edith also taught classes open only to members of the Suffrage movement. From 1911, these classes were based at the Palladium Academy, a dance school in Argyll Street. In January 1911, Edith Garrud choreographed the fight scenes for a polemic play entitled ""What Every Woman Ought to Know"". In August that year, one of her articles on women's self-defence was published in ""Health and Strength"" magazine. In 1913, the Asquith government instituted the so-called Cat and Mouse Act"
"not local residents nor state property, but belonged to the people at large; and if they were to be saved to the people the national authority must intervene. Therefore, Congress passed (4 March 1913) the Weeks–McLean Act, the gist of which was: “All wild geese, wild swans, brant, wild ducks, plover, woodcock, rail, wild pigeons, and all other migratory game and insectivorous birds which in their northern and southern migrations pass through or do not remain permanently the entire year within the borders of any State or Territory, shall hereafter be deemed to be within the custody and protection of"
"Act, was enacted in 1855 in California, to target those of Mexican descent, among others, by legalizing the arrest of those perceived as violating its anti-vagrancy statute. Soon after the Mormons settled at Salt Lake City they were visited by a band of Utes who insisted on trading two young slaves to them. When the Mormons were reluctant, they killed one child and began torturing the other. The Utes generally slaved among the Paiutes of the Great Basin. The Mormons, on consideration, determined that purchasing slaves was a religious duty (Indians being degraded Israelites whose skin had turned black due"
"to the Cat and Mouse Act, the WSPU instituted a secret society of women known as the ""Bodyguard"" whose role was to physically protect Emmeline Pankhurst and other prominent suffragettes from arrest and assault. Known members included Katherine Willoughby Marshall, Leonora Cohen and Gertrude Harding; Edith Margaret Garrud was their jujitsu trainer. The origin of the ""Bodyguard"" can be traced to a WSPU meeting at which Garrud spoke. As suffragettes speaking in public increasingly found themselves the target of violence and attempted assaults, learning jujitsu was a way for women to defend themselves against angry hecklers. Inciting incidents included Black"
"throwing cayenne pepper at a police constable, as well as wrecking police cells, and carrying out several arson attacks. In October 1912 after being ejected from a meeting in Synod Hall, Edinburgh Moorhead returned to attack the male lecturer with a dog whip for ejecting her. She was arrested under her own name and was fined £1, this fine was paid so Moorhead never went to prison for this act. She held no formal position in the WSPU, but achieved great personal notoriety. Moorhead was imprisoned several times and released under the ""Cat and Mouse Act"" of 1913. She became"
"peace and attempting to break the police lines, which she denied. She was sentenced and spent five days in Holloway Prison. After her imprisonment, the CSU was disbanded and a more militant organization, the Forward Cymric Suffrage Union (FCSU), was formed in October 1912. She and her husband spoke out against force-feeding suffrage prisoners and the Mansel Moullin's home became a meeting center for discussing strategy. In 1913 Mansel Moullin became the honorary secretary of the group Sylvia Pankhurst formed to gain the repeal of the ""Cat and Mouse Act"". This act replaced force-feeding by releasing prisoners when they became"
"indicate the proportion of society falling into each group and their perceived genetic worth. Galton suggested that negative eugenics (i.e. an attempt to prevent them from bearing offspring) should be applied only to those in the lowest social group (the ""Undesirables""), while positive eugenics applied to the higher classes. However, he appreciated the worth of the higher working classes to society and industry. The 1913 Mental Deficiency Act proposed the mass segregation of the ""feeble minded"" from the rest of society. Sterilisation programmes were never legalised, although some were carried out in private upon the mentally ill by clinicians who"
"their own defence and refused to plead. Moorhead interrupted the Judge saying ""We do not want to hear any more. We refused to listen to you. Please sentence us."" When both women were sentenced to eight-months imprisonment, the women rose from all sections of the court and protested, crying out ""Pitt Street, Pitt Street"" whilst others starting throwing apples at the Judge and counsel. Both women went on hunger strike immediately. When they became physically weak they were released from prison under the Cat and Mouse Act, which was introduced in April 1913, and allowed for the re-arrest of prisoners"
"on 14 July 1914. The story of four suffragette prisoners at Perth prison - Maude Edwards, Arabella Scott, Frances Gordon and Frances Parker and the doctor who force-fed them, Dr. Hugh Ferguson-Watson - was made into a play by Ajay Close. The play is called ""Cat and Mouse"". Maude Edwards Maude Edwards was a Scottish feminist and suffragette. She was imprisoned in Perth Prison in 1914 for slashing John Lavery’s portrait of King George V hanging in the Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh. She was force-fed in prison despite having a heart condition. Maude Edwards was tried before a jury"
"as measures for production control and income support, but they were now financed by direct Congressional appropriations and justified as soil conservation measures. The Act shifted the parity goal from price equality of agricultural commodities and the articles that farmers buy to income equality of farm and non-farm population."" Thus, the parity goal was to re-create the ratio between the purchasing power of the net income per person on farms from agriculture and that of the income of persons not on farms that prevailed during 1909–1914. To stabilize prices, the government paid farmers and ordered more than six million pigs"
"women across state borders for the purpose of ""prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose"". Its primary stated intent was to address prostitution, immorality, and human trafficking particularly where it was trafficking for the purposes of prostitution, but the ambiguity of ""immorality"" effectively criminalized interracial marriage and banned single women from crossing state borders for morally wrong acts. In 1914, of the women arrested for crossing state borders under this act, 70 percent were charged with voluntary prostitution. Once the idea of a sex slave shifted from a white woman to an enslaved woman from countries in poverty,"
"and Mouse Act', introduced by the government to counter the suffragette hunger strikes. In accordance with the Act, once Pankhurst was returned to full health she was due to be rearrested and re-incarcerated. Glasgow police decided to use the occasion of the public address to effect the arrest. However, the WSPU activists anticipated their action and increased security coverage for their leader, including enforcing strict secrecy surrounding her movements and erecting a concealed barbed wire barrier across the front of the stage. A short time into Pankhurst's speech, around 160 police officers stormed the hall and began to move toward"
"of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1907 before re-aligning to the newly created Women's Freedom League (WFL). In 1912 as a result of refusing to pay taxes as a protest, her furniture was seized and publicly sold at the Mercat Cross on the Royal Mile. She turned the gathering into a suffrage meeting. During the Scottish Suffrage Campaign of 1913-14 (which involved attacks on specific buildings) she was medical advisor to those on hunger strike in prison. Under the Cat and Mouse Act 1913 this often meant prisoners were released into her personal care to recover. Ethel"
"children, since they would only replicate these deficiencies, and that such individuals from other countries should be kept out of the polity. The principal targets of the American sterilization programs were the intellectually disabled and the mentally ill, but also targeted under many state laws were the deaf, the blind, people with epilepsy, and the physically deformed. While the claim was that the focus was mainly the mentally ill and disabled, the definition of this during that time was much different than today's. At this time, there were many women that were sent to institutions under the guise of being"
"the terrible pay and working conditions that they suffered and the hope that a vote would enable women to challenge the status quo in a democratic manner. Alice Hawkins from Leicester explained how her fellow male workers could choose a man to represent them while the women were left unrepresented. Kenney, who was involved in other militant acts and underwent force-feeding many times, was always determined to confront the authorities and highlight the injustice of the Cat and Mouse Act. On one occasion in January 1914 when she had just been released from prison and was very weak, it was"
"Holloway Prison. During the next five years, Ansell took part in all of the major WSPU spectacles, but she had given an undertaking to one of her animal committees not to take part in militant activity. She worked for the ""Dogs Exemption Bill"" and the ""Plumage Bill"", but when they were rejected by the House of Commons in 1913 she returned to WSPU actions. On 31 July, she smashed a window at the Home Office and was sentenced to a month's imprisonment. She went on hunger strike and was released under the """"Cat and Mouse Act"""". She was rearrested on"
"dimensions of the suffrage movement. While there was a majority of support for suffrage in parliament, the ruling Liberal Party refused to allow a vote on the issue; the result of which was an escalation in the suffragette campaign. The WSPU, in contrast to its allies, embarked on a campaign of violence to publicize the issue, even to the detriment of its own aims. The Cat and Mouse Act was passed by Parliament in an attempt to prevent suffragettes from becoming martyrs in prison. It provided for the release of those whose hunger strikes and forced feeding had brought them"
"H. Taft]] and [[Woodrow Wilson]] passed as ""progressive reforms"" centralizing laws like [[The Federal Reserve Act]] of 1913 that gave control of the monetary system to the wealthiest bankers; the formation of monopoly ""public utilities"" that made competition with those monopolies illegal; federal inspection of meat packers biased against small companies; extending [[Interstate Commerce Commission]] to regulating telephone companies and keeping rates high to benefit [[AT&T]]; and using the [[Sherman Anti-trust Act]] against companies which might combine to threaten larger or monopoly companies. When government licensing, franchises, and other legal restrictions create monopoly and protect companies from open competition, deregulation"
"this was aimed at Jews and Roma (Gypsies). The Nazis encouraged the Germans not to race mix and that only racially pure Aryans should be allowed to breed. As soon as the Nazis came to power in 1933 they introduced ""racial hygienist"" policies such as the July 1933 ""Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring"" which made sterilisation compulsory to the people who were said to have a range of conditions that were said to be hereditary. This later developed the Nazi regimes euthanasia program in 1939 known as the Action T4 program, the main purpose of this program"
"Communications Act. By 1913, AT&T had favored status from U.S. government, allowing it to operate in a noncompetitive economic environment in exchange for subjection to price and quality service regulation. The government asserted that a monopolistic telephone industry would best serve the goal of creating a ""universal"" network with compatible technology country-wide for telephone consumers. Regulators emphasized limits on profits, enforcing ""reasonable"" prices for service, setting levels of depreciation and investment for new technology and equipment, dependability and ""universality"" of service. ""Universal"" was originally used by AT&T to mean, ""interconnection to other networks, not service to all customers"". After years"
"Virus-Serum-Toxin Act The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act or VSTA (P.L. 430 of 1913, as amended; 21 U.S.C. 151-158) was United States Federal legislation designed to protect farmers and livestock raisers by regulating the quality of vaccines and point-of-care diagnostics for animals. Initially, the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act was created due to significant losses from unregulated manufacture and distribution of anti-hog cholera serum. The Act's intended purpose is to ensure the safe and efficient supply of animal vaccines and other biological products. The United States Secretary of Agriculture is responsible for licensing and regulating the manufacture, importation, and exportation of affected agents. The act and"
"they were released and then re-arrested at a later time. On the 19 May 1913 Arabella was arrested for trying to set alight to Kelso Racecourse with Agnes and Elizabeth Thomson, and Edith Hudson. They were all imprisoned at Calton jail and went on hunger strike together. Scott was released under the Cat and Mouse Act on 24 May, her licence ran out and she failed to return to Calton jail. Scott was caught on 12 June and rearrested, when she returned to Calton jail she went on hunger strike again. On the 16 June she was assessed as too"
"a political prisoner. She was temporarily released under the Cat and Mouse Act and then rearrested. The idea was to prevent suffragettes from having to be force-fed. She served a few more days in jail before she was again temporarily released. Her re arrest was prevented by a general amnesty declared by the government at the start of the war. The WSPU had agreed to a truce and in return all prisoners were released. During the war Edith Rigby and Higginson made jam. Higginson's husband died in 1938 and Higginson spent the end of her life in Bognor Regis living"
"were treated badly. Selina made a significant impact on the women's suffrage movement in Great Britain, and also on the treatment of suffragettes who decided to hunger strike, prompting the Prisoners Temporary Discharge for Ill Health Act 1913 (also known as the ""Cat and Mouse Act"") Selina may have suffered from dyspepsia after her imprisonment. She had an abrasion of the mucous membrane on the front of the inferior turbinated bone of the right nostril, the nostril through which she had last been fed. Selina Martin Selina Martin (21 November 1882 – 1972) was a member of the suffragette movement"