"Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Russia's Luna-Glob 1 is expected to be launched in 2018. In 2007 the head of the Russian Space Agency announced plans to send cosmonauts to the Moon by 2025 and establish a permanent robotically operated base there in 2027–2032. In 2015, Roscosmos stated that Russia plans to place a cosmonaut on the Moon by 2030, leaving Mars to NASA. The purpose is to work jointly with NASA and avoid another Space Race. The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP) was a program of robotic spacecraft missions which NASA will use to prepare for future Moon landings. Three"
"subject of refutation in an article published on Seeker nearly half a year later. The 2015 movie ""Moonwalkers"" is a fictional account of a CIA agent's claim of Kubrick's involvement. In December 2015, a video surfaced which allegedly shows Kubrick being interviewed shortly before his 1999 death; the video purportedly shows the director confessing to T. Patrick Murray that the Apollo Moon landings had been faked. Research quickly found, however, that the video was a hoax. In 2002, NASA granted US$15,000 to James Oberg for a commission to write a point-by-point rebuttal of the hoax claims. However, NASA canceled the"
"the United States called for a Department of Justice investigation. Marjorie Cohn, law professor at the Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego, California, called for the revocation of ExxonMobil's articles of incorporation. In 2015, the New York Attorney General launched an investigation whether ExxonMobil's statements to investors were consistent with the company's decades of extensive scientific research. In October 2018, based on this investigation, ExxonMobil was sued by the State of New York, which claimed the company defrauded shareholders by downplaying the risks of climate change for its businesses. Following published reports, based on internal Exxon documents, suggesting"
"Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings is evidence, or analysis of evidence, about Moon landings that does not come from either NASA or the U.S. government (the first party), or the Apollo Moon landing hoax theorists (the second party). This evidence serves as independent confirmation of NASA's account of the Moon landings. In this section are only those observations that are completely independent of NASA—no NASA facilities were used, and there was no NASA funding. Each of the countries mentioned in this section (Soviet Union, Japan, China, and India) has its own space program,"
"1992, the museum phoned NASA to verify its provenance and was told over the phone, without seeing the piece, that it was ""possible"" it was a Moon rock. ""USA Today"" says the discovery of a bogus ""moon rock"" at the Rijksmuseum should serve as a wake-up call for all the countries of the world and all the states of the United States that received the Apollo 11 and 17 lunar plaque displays from the Nixon administration to locate the displays and fully secure them. According to Moon rock researcher Robert Pearlman, both the Netherlands Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 lunar"
"White House Fact Sheet about the 2015 White House Astronomy night. Sofy Alvarez-Bareiro, a high school student from Brooklyn, New York, assisted the President in gazing at the moon through a telescope. She explained to the President that craters on the moon were caused by impacts from space materials. The Russellville, Alabama-based group Russellville City Schools Engineering Rocket Team attended the event and were personally recognized by President Obama. Team members Chelsea Suddith, Katie Burns, Niles Butts, Andrew Heath, Cristian Ruiz, Cady Studdard and Evan Swinney were requested by the President to stand at the event and speak to the"
"of the Moon landing really is. The NASA-independent ""Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur"", McDonald, Apache Point, and Haleakalā observatories regularly use the Apollo LRRR. Lick Observatory attempted to detect from Apollo 11's retroreflector while Armstrong and Aldrin were still on the Moon but did not succeed until August 1, 1969. The Apollo 14 astronauts deployed a retroreflector on February 5, 1971, and McDonald Observatory detected it the same day. The Apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on July 31, 1971, and was detected by McDonald Observatory within a few days. The image on the left shows what is considered some of"
"include (in alphabetical order): Those who believe the Moon landings were faked give several theories about the motives of NASA and the United States government. The three main theories are below. Motivation for the United States to engage the Soviet Union in a Space Race can be traced to the then on-going Cold War. Landing on the Moon was viewed as a national and technological accomplishment that would generate world-wide acclaim. But going to the Moon would be risky and expensive, as exemplified by President John F. Kennedy famously stating in a 1962 speech that the United States chose to"
"Assistant Administrator for Legislative Affairs, Robert F. Allnut, concluded in a 1970 letter, ""after fifteen years of manned space voyages including space stations and landing on the Moon, spacemen have brought back not a shred of evidence -- verbal, photographic, or otherwise -- for the existence of extraterrestrial spacecraft, or 'UFOs'."" In 2009, footage from NASA was posted on YouTube by ufologists which ""renew[ed] UFO conspiracy theories that the government is hiding knowledge about its interactions with intelligent life"" by relying on a ""lack of context"" to promote a ""collection of indistinct imagery and allegations"". A number of the incidents"
"made note of this in the ""Conspiracy Theories"" episode of his television show """" in 2005. With the number of people involved, and noting the Watergate scandal, Jillette noted that ""someone"" would have outed the hoax by now. Moon-landing conspiracists focus heavily on NASA photos. They point to oddities in photos and films taken on the Moon. Photography experts (including those unrelated to NASA) have replied that the oddities are consistent with what should be expected from a real Moon landing, and are not consistent with tweaked or studio imagery. Some main arguments and counter-arguments are listed below. 1. In"
"Research Organization (APRO) (active 1952–1988), MUFON (active 1969–), and CUFOS (active 1973–). In November 2011, the White House released an official response to two petitions asking the U.S. government to acknowledge formally that aliens have visited this planet and to disclose any intentional withholding of government interactions with extraterrestrial beings. According to the response, ""The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race."" Also, according to the response, there is ""no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden"
"Moon landing conspiracy theories Moon landing conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly with the aid of other organizations. The most notable claim is that the six manned landings (1969–72) were faked and that 12 Apollo astronauts did not actually walk on the Moon. Various groups and individuals have made claims since the mid-1970s that NASA and others knowingly misled the public into believing the landings happened, by manufacturing, tampering with, or destroying evidence including photos, telemetry tapes, radio and TV transmissions, Moon rock"
"Thierry Speth. However, the website with Speth's admission, Need2know.eu, no longer exists nor does Speth's personal website. Also, more videos associated with other accounts have appeared on YouTube about Apollo 20, suggesting that more than one person is keeping the hoax alive. Like many hoaxes, this story is a mixture of facts and fiction. The starting point for it are photos that NASA astronauts took in 1971 while in lunar orbit during the Apollo 15 mission, the fourth American mission that landed men on the moon. The photos show what look like a cigar-shaped object resting in a lunar crater."
"much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans"", he said. Jared Diamond had earlier expressed similar concerns. In November 2011, the White House released an official response to two petitions asking the U.S. government to acknowledge formally that aliens have visited Earth and to disclose any intentional withholding of government interactions with extraterrestrial beings. According to the response, ""The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race."" Also, according to the response, there"
"years) away. Breakthrough Listen was announced to the public on July 20, 2015 (the anniversary of the Apollo 11 Moon landing) by Milner at London's Royal Society. The event was flanked by scientists such as Frank Drake, who is known for the Drake equation that estimates the number of detectable alien civilizations, and Geoff Marcy, an astronomer who has helped find hundreds of exoplanets. The announcement included an open letter co-signed by multiple scientists, including physicist Stephen Hawking, expressing support for an intensified search for alien life. During the public launch, Hawking said: The project is the most comprehensive search"
"to almost all of his bones; no traces of lead were found from any bullet. Coroner Smiley's original report was, therefore, confirmed. In March 2015, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) received a request to reopen the investigation into the accident. The request was made by L. J. Coon, a retired pilot from New England who felt that the conclusion of the 1959 investigation was inaccurate. Coon suspected a possible failure of the right ruddervator, or a problem with the fuel system, as well as a possible improper weight distribution. Coon also argued that Peterson may have tried to land"
"for the bombings of Pan Am Flight 103 and UTA Flight 772. Prior to the abandonment of Megrahi's second appeal against conviction and while new evidence could be still tested in court, there had been few calls for an independent inquiry into the Lockerbie bombing. Demands for such an inquiry emerged later, and became more insistent. On 2 September 2009, former MEP Michael McGowan demanded that the UK government call for an urgent, independent inquiry led by the UN to find out the truth about Pan Am flight 103. ""We owe it to the families of the victims of Lockerbie"
"enough resolution to record Apollo hardware. Nevertheless, as with SELENE, Chandrayaan-1 independently recorded evidence of lighter, disturbed soil around the Apollo 15 site. China's second lunar probe, Chang'e 2, which was launched in 2010 is capable of capturing lunar surface images with a resolution of up to 1.3 metres. It claims to have spotted traces of the Apollo landings, though the relevant imagery has not been publicly identified. Aside from NASA, a number of entities and individuals observed, through various means, the Apollo missions as they took place. On later missions, NASA released information to the public explaining where third"
"missions is similar to the number of deaths incurred by the Russians. During the period 1961 to 1972, at least eight Russian serving and former cosmonauts died: Additionally, the overall chief of their manned-spaceflight program, Sergei Korolev, died while undergoing surgery in January 1966. In June 1977, NASA issued a fact sheet responding to recent claims that the Apollo Moon landings had been hoaxed. The fact sheet is particularly blunt and regards the idea of faking the Moon landings to be preposterous and outlandish. NASA refers to the rocks and particles collected from the Moon as being evidence of the"
"December 2005, just before the 40th anniversary of the Kecksburg incident, NASA released a statement reporting that experts had examined metallic fragments from the area and determined they were from a Russian satellite that re-entered the atmosphere and broke up, but records of their findings were lost in the 1990s. Leslie Kean, described as ""an investigative reporter backed by the Sci-Fi Channel"", reportedly ""sued NASA under the Freedom of Information Act"" for the lost NASA records. On October 26, 2007, NASA agreed to search for those records after being ordered by a court. During the hearing, Steve McConnell, NASA's public"
"a subpoena to the Clinton Foundation in the fall of 2015. According to the report, the subpoena focused on ""documents about the charity's projects that may have required approval from federal government during Hillary Clinton's term as secretary of state""; it ""also asked for records related to Huma Abedin, longtime Clinton aide who for six months in 2012 was employed simultaneously by the State Department, the foundation, Clinton's personal office, and a private consulting firm with ties to the Clintons"". On October 28, 2016, the FBI announced that while investigating allegedly illicit text messages from Anthony Weiner to a 15-year-old"
"were a hoax; however, empirical evidence is readily available to show that manned Moon landings did occur. Anyone on Earth with an appropriate laser and telescope system can bounce laser beams off three retroreflector arrays left on the Moon by Apollo 11, 14 and 15, verifying deployment of the Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment at historically documented Apollo Moon landing sites and so proving equipment constructed on Earth was successfully transported to the surface of the Moon. In addition, in August 2009 NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter began to send back high resolution photos of the Apollo landing sites. These photos show"
"builds its own space probes which are launched on their own launch vehicles, and has its own deep space communication network. In 2008, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) SELENE lunar probe obtained several photographs showing evidence of Moon landings. On the left are two photos taken on the lunar surface by the Apollo 15 astronauts August 2, 1971 during EVA 3 at station 9A near Hadley Rille. On the right is a 2008 reconstruction from images taken by the SELENE terrain camera and 3D projected to the same vantage point as the surface photos. The terrain is a close"
"Moonwalkers (film) Moonwalkers is a 2015 French comedy film directed by Antoine Bardou-Jacquet in his directorial debut, and written by Dean Craig. The film stars Ron Perlman, Rupert Grint, and Robert Sheehan. The film is based on Moon landing conspiracy theories. The film had its world premiere at SXSW on March 14, 2015. The film was released on January 15, 2016, in a limited release and through video on demand by Alchemy. In the days leading up to the moon landing, CIA agent Tom Kidman is tasked with hiring Stanley Kubrick to film a fake moonwalk, in the event the"
"minus 6 million years. The test was done by a group of researchers headed by Alexander Nemchin at Curtin University of Technology in Bentley, Australia. The detection on Earth of reflections from laser ranging retro-reflectors (LRRRs, or mirrors used as targets for Earth-based tracking lasers) on Lunar Laser Ranging experiments left on the Moon is evidence of landings. Quoting from James Hansen's biography of Neil Armstrong, """": For those few misguided souls who still cling to the belief that the Moon landings never happened, examination of the results of five decades of LRRR experiments should evidence how delusional their rejection"
"documentary, which like the earlier British series had utilized clandestine footage and recordings of pro-Israel activists. Al Jazeera's decision not to screen the documentary drew criticism from Clayton Swisher, who defending the network's investigation unit's use of undercover journalism and accusing the network of capitulation to outside pressure. Swisher also took a sabbatical from Al Jazeera to express his disagreement with the network's handling of the situation. In March 2018, a bipartisan group of US lawmakers including Democratic Congressman Josh Gottheimer, Republican Congressman Lee Zeldin, and Ted Cruz penned a letter urging United States Attorney General Jeff Sessions to investigate"
"was published in full by BuzzFeed on January 10, 2017.<ref name=""Bensinger_1/10/2017""></ref> Several mainstream media outlets criticized BuzzFeed's decision to release it without verifying its allegations.<ref name=""Bump_1/11/2017""></ref><ref name= ""Zurawik_1/11/2017""></ref> In October 2015, private investigative firm Fusion GPS was contracted by conservative political website ""The Washington Free Beacon"" to provide political opposition research against Trump. In April 2016, attorney Marc Elias separately hired Fusion GPS to investigate Trump on behalf of Hillary Clinton's campaign and the DNC. The ""Free Beacon"" stopped its backing when Trump became the presumptive Republican Party presidential nominee. In June 2016, Fusion GPS subcontracted Steele's firm to compile"
"film as evidence for his views, apparently believing the out of context footage of Nixon staff was really about a moon landing hoax, as discussed on Jay Windley's ""clavius.org"" site defending the reality of the moon landings. Extracts ranging from a few minutes to the whole film stripped of the credits and key sequences have been posted on YouTube by conspiracy theorists as ""proof"" that, either the images on the moon are fake, or the moon landing itself never happened. Karel himself received e-mails congratulating him for ""exposing the moon landing hoax"", which amused him. William Karel indicated that he"
"after the White House received FOIA requests from several news organizations seeking information about Clinton's military service.) On December 10, 1992, United States Attorney General William Barr asked for the appointment of an independent counsel to study the allegations that Mullins violated the law in directing this search, and then misled officials from the United States Department of Justice about conducting the search. Barr appointed Joseph diGenova as independent counsel; diGenova in turn appointed Michael Zeldin as deputy independent counsel, and Zeldin would take over as independent counsel in 1995. When diGenova issued his final report in 1995, after an"
"surveyed doubted that the Moon landings happened and that 5% of those surveyed had no opinion, which roughly matches the findings of a similar 1995 ""Time/CNN"" poll. Officials of the Fox network said that such skepticism rose to about 20% after the February 2001 airing of their network's television special, ""Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?"", seen by about 15 million viewers. This Fox special is seen as having promoted the hoax claims. A 2000 poll conducted by the (""ФОМ"") in Russia found that 28% of those surveyed did not believe that American astronauts landed on the Moon,"
"science experiment (ALSEP) and the lander. Photos of the Apollo 12 landing site were released by NASA on September 3, 2009. The ""Intrepid"" lander descent stage, experiment package (ALSEP), Surveyor 3 spacecraft, and astronaut footpaths are all visible. While the LRO images have been enjoyed by the scientific community as a whole, they have not done anything to convince conspiracists that the landings happened. On September 1, 2009, India's lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 took photos of the Apollo 15 landing site and tracks of the lunar rovers. The Indian Space Research Organisation launched their unmanned lunar probe on September 8, 2008"
"have cited the presence of this material as a reason for developing a Moon base. Some conspiracy theorists, notably Milton William Cooper, have alleged that some Apollo astronauts had seen UFOs on the far side of the Moon but were told to keep quiet about them. Some have allegedly reported seeing an alien base (code named ""Luna"") and even encountered aliens who told them to stay off the Moon. Some photographs circulated on the Internet purport to show a large ""castle"" on the Moon. NASA states that these claims are hoaxes. Former United States Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara stated"
"the Moon in April 1967, were brought back to Earth by Apollo 12 in November 1969. These samples were shown to have been exposed to lunar conditions. As new research facilities such as orbiters and telescopes are built, the question arises whether they can see Apollo artifacts on the Moon. Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings is evidence, or analysis of evidence, about Moon landings that does not come from either NASA or the U.S. government (the first party), or the Apollo Moon landing hoax theorists (the second party). This evidence serves as independent"