"2% in the previous year. In 2009 FirstGroup entered the market with Greyhound UK, competing with National Express and Megabus. The Birmingham Coach Station opened after a major rebuild. Reconstruction of the Milton Keynes Coachway started (opening Spring 2010). In September 2010 FirstGroup announced it would be expanding the Greyhound UK service significantly. In October 2010, Philip Hammond, the transport minister, announced that the M4 bus lane would be scrapped, saying: ""Nothing is more symbolic of Labour's war on the motorist"". The Confederation of Passenger Transport said that the decision, which was supported by all the main motoring organisations, had"
"UK, In September 2010, Nottingham was named ""England's least car-dependent city"" by the Campaign for Better Transport with London and Manchester in second and fourth place respectively. In November 2010, Nottingham City Council won Transport Authority of the Year by the UK Bus Awards, for services for providing safer and sustainable public transport. Nottingham's waterways, now primarily used for leisure, have been extensively used for transport in the past. Nottingham is served by Nottinghamshire Police and has a Crown Court and Magistrates' Court. Laurie Macdonald of ""Inside One"" magazine observes that the city's former high crime rate earned it the"
"63% used private transport, either as a driver or passenger, 13% cycled or travelled on foot, whilst 8% worked from home. Car ownership is lower than the average for England and Wales with 35.2% of households not owning a car, compared with 26.8% nationally. Single car ownership is in line with national averages (Wolverhampton 42.9%, England and Wales 43.8%), while the proportion of households owning more than one car is lower than the national average. Within the city there is an LGBT community with an LGBT club in the city centre. According to the 2001 Census, Wolverhampton is one of"
"in the United Kingdom with 243 cars for every 1000 people but remains one of the most congested cities in Europe due to the dense nature of the Greater Manchester conurbation. Research in 2008 suggested that Manchester is the fourth most congested city in Europe. Another study in 2014 ranked Manchester as the most congested city in the United Kingdom outside London. In May 2017, Transport for Greater Manchester said that it was considering bringing in a revenue neutral £7.50 daily charge for drivers of polluting vehicles as part of plans for ""clean air zones"". However Andy Burnham, Mayor of"
"Australia also has the third highest per capita rate of fuel consumption in the world. Melbourne is the most car-dependent city in Australia, according to a data survey in the 2010s. Having over 110,000 more cars driving to and from the city each day than Sydney. Perth, Adelaide and Brisbane are rated as being close behind. All these capital cities are rated among the highest in this category in the world (car dependency). The distance travelled by car (or similar vehicle) in Australia is among the highest in the world, being exceeded by USA and Canada. There are 3 different"
"about 40 million vehicles in 2010, or 540 vehicles for every 1,000 population, equivalent to 1.3 cars per household. They expected growth in traffic to be uneven, with more congestion in South East England, and to incorporate a population that would reach 74 million. Buchanan declared: It is impossible to spend any time on the study of the future of traffic in towns without at once being appalled by the magnitude of the emergency that is coming upon us. We are nourishing at immense cost a monster of great potential destructiveness, and yet we love him dearly. To refuse to"
"and Perth. There can be up to 350,000 cars using Sydney's roads simultaneously during peak hour, leading to significant traffic congestion. 84.9% of Sydney households own a motor vehicle and 46.5% own two or more. Car dependency is high in Sydney–of people that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk. In contrast, only 25.2% of working residents in the City of Sydney use a car, whilst 15.8% take a train, 13.3% use a bus, and 25.3% walk. With a rate of 26.3%, Sydney has the highest utilisation of public"
"Centre is a well-known retail outlet. Headingley Carnegie Stadium is also home to Leeds Rhinos rugby team. Leeds has been identified as one of the most car-dependent cities in the UK. In one 2012 study of 31 European cities, Leeds-Bradford was rated as the seventh-most grid-locked. Drivers spend an average of 80 hours in congestion. Measurements taken on some main roads in Leeds have revealed pollution levels over twice the legal limits. The main reason for these problems is the fact that unlike other cities in the UK similar in size to Leeds, such as Manchester and Sheffield, Leeds does"
"and even open a car using their iPhone or iPod touch. Streetcar had over 1,200 locations across 10 UK cities including; London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Bristol, Cambridge, Oxford, Brighton, Southampton, Guildford, and Maidstone. Following the 2010 merger with Zipcar, the fleet merged under the Zipcar brand and the in-vehicle technology was combined to provide membership of both companies access to more than 1,000 vehicles around England, as well as international access to vehicles in Zipcar's existing markets across the United States, and Canada. The merger plan resulted in a request from the Office of Fair Trading for an enquiry by the"
"had declined significantly over the previous ten years; of 21 areas studied all except Leeds had seen falls. Traffic into London during the morning peak period had fallen 28% between 1994 and 2003 when the London congestion charge was introduced and a further 12% by 2004. Inbound car trip into Birmingham during the morning peak period had fallen by 29% between 1995 and 2003. Between June and September 2010 Professor Phil Goodwin published a series of articles in the UK professional transport press suggesting that data showed not merely a plateau in vehicle miles driven but rather a decline in"
"a relatively car-dependent city, by European standards, with an extensive road network including the ten lane M2 motorway. A recent survey of how people travel in Northern Ireland showed that people in Belfast made 77% of all journeys by car, 11% by public transport and 6% on foot. It also showed that Belfast has 0.70 cars per household compared to figures of 1.18 in the East and 1.14 in the West of Northern Ireland. Most public transport in Northern Ireland is operated by the subsidiaries of Translink. Bus services in the city proper and the nearer suburbs are operated by"
"Streetcar (carsharing) Streetcar was the largest carsharing/car club company in the United Kingdom, established in 2004, which merged with the American company Zipcar in 2010, following a period of investment by Smedvig Capital.<ref name=""Streetcar/Zipcar Merger Press Release"">Zipcar Acquires Streetcar, expanding world's largest car sharing service , in 21 April 2010</ref> Streetcar vehicles were parked in a dense network of dedicated spaces primarily in London, but also across a total of 10 UK cities including Brighton, Bristol, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Oxford, Guildford, Maidstone and Southampton. Members could book vehicles from 30 minutes up to six months, online or by phone. A"
"usage dropped from 59.7% to 52.3%, while walking was up by 1.4% to 18.3%. For bus usage, the figure had risen by 3% to 15.5% and cycling use increased from 1.6% to 7.4%. Train usage also rose from 3.8% to 4.7% over the same period. The M4 motorway connects Cardiff to towns and other cities in Britain. To the east: Newport, Bristol, Bath, Swindon, Reading and terminating at London. To the west: Bridgend, Swansea, Llanelli and terminating near Carmarthen. It is part of the unsigned European route E30. Cardiff can be accessed directly from junctions 29 – 34 inclusive: The"
"size of its current vehicle fleet. The city of Hamburg in its so-called ""Green Network Plan"", is considering ways of phasing out automobile traffic in the city center over the next two decades by increasing public transportation and adding special routes for cyclists and people on foot. One report suggested driving in the United Kingdom has been declining since 1990. The number of 17- to 20-year-olds with driving licences declined from 48% during the early-1990s to 35% in 2011, according to one report. Traffic by cars and taxis has declined since 2007. One report suggested renewed growth in rail travel,"
"in particular has a very high level of car dependency, especially by world city standards. It also has a low level of mass-transit services, with a historically low-density layout and significant urban sprawl, thus increasing the likelihood of car dependency. Strategies have been implemented to reduce private vehicle pollution by encouraging mass and public transit, initiating the development of high density housing and introducing a fleet of 10 new Nissan LEAF electric cars, the largest order of the pollution-free vehicle in Australia. Electric cars do not produce carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide, gases which contribute to climate change. Cycling trips"
"of open space per 1000 inhabitants. Abercrombie acknowledges that London is far too dense to provide an appropriate level of open space for each resident, so it is proposed that improved transport will allow every inhabitant access to recreational areas outside of their immediate neighbourhood. Dwellings, industry and recreational spaces are all linked by transport within London. Ensuring adequate levels of efficient transport were key to the Greater London Plan. Although transportation had rapidly changed throughout the 20th Century, the roadways had not. The number of cars in Britain had risen from 143,877 in 1910 to 3,084,896 in 1940. This"
"Transport in Cardiff Transport in Cardiff, capital and most populous city in Wales involves road, rail, bus, water and air. Several factors have influenced the development of its transport network. It is a major city of the United Kingdom and a centre of employment, government, retail, business, culture, media, sport and higher education. Welsh Government statistics for 2008/09 showed that Cardiff had the lowest percentage of the population who travelled to work by car, van or minibus, suggesting the highest public transport usage to work out of all 22 local authorities in Wales. Between 2008 and 2009, car and taxi"
"broader audience with greater access to the benefits of a car and provide""last-mile"" connectivity between public transportation and an individual's destination. Car sharing also reduces private vehicle ownership. Whether smart growth does or can reduce problems of automobile dependency associated with urban sprawl has been fiercely contested for several decades. The influential study in 1989 by Peter Newman and Jeff Kenworthy compared 32 cities across North America, Australia, Europe and Asia. The study has been criticised for its methodology, but the main finding, that denser cities, particularly in Asia, have lower car use than sprawling cities, particularly in North America,"
"neglected the citizens opinion. According to International Association of Public Transport UITP parking places are the among the most effective ways to promote private car use in the city. Therefore, many European cities have cancelled the expensive underground car parking after the 1990s. The EU recommended actions cover develop guidance for concrete measures for the internalisation of external costs for car traffic also in urban areas. In Finland the shops routinely offer free parking for private cars. The Finnish railway network consists of a total of of railways built with . of track is electrified. In 2010, passengers made 13.4"
"Plymouth and 10% in Dunedin 10%, with Hamilton planning 100% in 2019. Throughout the country, the Total Mobility Scheme subsidises taxis for people with impairments. Many students in urban areas also depend on public transportation to get to and from school. The American Public Transportation Association found that trips to school, including elementary, secondary and higher education, account for over 10% of all trips, the second largest source after trips to work which account for 59% of trips. A joint report by Harvard University’s Civil Rights Project and the Center for Community Change found evidence that lack of access to"
"and other motorways exist. Where a major city (such as London) is given as a destination it is usually to give a general idea of the location, as most (London) motorways end outside the actual city (for example, the M40 actually ends in Buckinghamshire). Buses play a major role in the public transport of England, as well as seeing extensive private use. While rail transport has increased over the past twenty years due to road congestion, the same does not apply to buses, which have generally been used less, apart from in London where their use has increased significantly. Bus"
"Washington D.C., Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver and Barbados. Middle Eastern and Asian destinations include Abu Dhabi, Beijing, Doha, Dubai, Hong Kong, Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore and Singapore. There are also firm plans for non-stop services to Bangkok. Many European and domestic destinations are served. Manchester to London is one of the highest density airline routes within the UK and is one of the busiest domestic sectors in Europe, but is now experiencing serious competition from the improved railway link. It is served by a dedicated railway station and a dedicated Metrolink line. The city of Manchester is the least car dependent city"
"hearts and minds to the possibility of change."" In town, without my car! In town, without my car! (ITWMC) is an EU campaign and day every autumn (Northern Hemisphere) since 1998 for an increased use of other vehicles than the car. It has since spread beyond the EU, and in 2007 over 2,000 towns and cities in 35 countries participated. In 2008 it was already 2,102 municipalities in 39 countries The main idea behind this campaign is to encourage the use of alternative forms of transport and travel and to raise awareness within the community of what is at stake"
"March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 31.4% of all residents aged 16-74; train, 5.9%; bus, minibus or coach, 5.9%; on foot, 3.7%; work mainly at or from home, 2.4%; passenger in a car or van, 2.0%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 1.7%. The Conservatives held 52 council seats, down 2 and Labour held 11 council seats, up 2. The Lib Dems saw their percentage of the vote increase by 2% in 2010 but still failed to win any councillors in 2006 and 2010. Buildings with Grade"
"in Europe is Groningen, Netherlands which had a city centre population of 16,500 in 2008. Several studies have been done on European car free developments. The most comprehensive was conducted in 2000 by Jan Scheurer. Other more recent studies have been made of specific carfree areas such as Vienna's Florisdorf carfree development. The main benefits found for car free developments (summarised in Melia ""et al."" 2010) found in the various studies are: The main problems related to parking management. Where parking is not controlled in the surrounding area, this often results in complaints from neighbours about overspill parking. Car-free movement"
"Campaign for Better Transport (United Kingdom) The Campaign for Better Transport (formerly Transport 2000) is a UK advocacy group that promotes better bus and rail services and for supportive policies and for less expenditure on road building. It draws together the views of a wide range of organisations including conservation and environmental groups, community groups and trade unions and operates as the ""Campaign for Better Transport Ltd"", of which Michael Palin is the president, and as the ""Campaign for Better Transport Charitable Trust"" (a registered charity) of which Jenny Agutter, Steve Norris and Tracy Marchioness of Worcester are patrons. Stephen"
"In town, without my car! In town, without my car! (ITWMC) is an EU campaign and day every autumn (Northern Hemisphere) since 1998 for an increased use of other vehicles than the car. It has since spread beyond the EU, and in 2007 over 2,000 towns and cities in 35 countries participated. In 2008 it was already 2,102 municipalities in 39 countries The main idea behind this campaign is to encourage the use of alternative forms of transport and travel and to raise awareness within the community of what is at stake with regards to long term mobility in towns"
"as well as views expressed in the journal edited by Melia entitled ""World Transport Policy and Practice"" point to various interrelated causes. Factors include: One analyst explained about changing attitudes of young people: Another elaborated about the ""saturation of demand"" hypothesis: The proposition that car usage has peaked has been disputed regarding vehicle usage in the United Kingdom. In December 2010, Stephen Glaister, the Director of the RAC Foundation, suggested that total traffic has grown more or less as a straight line since the 1950s and such growth will recommence when economic conditions improve; in 2011, the UK Department for"
"9th most deprived local authority in England when factors such as crime, health and education are included, behind Liverpool and Manchester as the third most deprived Core City. Growth has also placed significant strain on the city's transport infrastructure, with many major roads and the central New Street railway station operating considerably over capacity during peak periods. Birmingham was also one of the founding cities for the Eurocities group and is also sitting as chair. Birmingham is considered to be a 'Beta-' global city, rated as the third most globally influential city in the UK after London and Manchester. Birmingham"
"transport infrastructure and act as an alternative to conventional car ownership. On 28 August 2009, City Car Club acquired rivals WhizzGo creating the UK's largest network of hourly rental cars. In 2010 City Car Club added vans to its fleet. Car sharing and car clubs have been a popular choice of motorists in Central Europe since the late 1990s, most prominently in Switzerland where the organisation Mobility has more than 112,000 customers. Influenced by this and other organisations, City Car Club was established in 2000 in London and Edinburgh and now operates in thirteen towns and cities around the UK"
"Automobile dependency Automobile dependency is the concept that some city layouts cause automobiles to be favored over alternate forms of transportation such as bicycles, public transit, and walking. In many modern cities automobiles are convenient and sometimes necessary to move easily. When it comes to automobile use, there is a spiralling effect where traffic congestion produces the 'demand' for more and bigger roads and removal of 'impediments' to traffic flow, such as pedestrians, signalised crossings, traffic lights, cyclists, and various forms of street-based public transit such as streetcars (trams). These measures make automobile use more pleasurable and advantageous at the"
"its junctions with the M7 and Hume Highway. Construction began in April 2017. Transport in Sydney in the 2010s The 2010s have seen many developments relating to transport in the Australian city of Sydney, New South Wales. The decade has seen a substantial investment in infrastructure, including a new airport, motorway projects, light rail lines and Australia's first metro system. Planning and branding of public transport services has become substantially more centralised. In Australia, urban transport is primarily the responsibility of the state and territory governments. A New South Wales state election was held in March 2011 which saw the"
"vehicle, costing an estimated additional $1500 per year commuting compared to Western European counterparts. Car ownership is on the decline but still 91% nationally. Car ownership is universal, except in the largest cities where extensive mass transit and railroad systems have been built, with lowest car ownership rates in New York City (44%), Washington, D.C. (62%), Boston (63%), Philadelphia (67%), San Francisco (69%), and Baltimore (69%). With the development of the extensive Eisenhower ""Interstate Highway System"" in the 1950s, both long-distance trips and daily the commute were mostly by private automobile. This network was designed to exacting federal standards in"