"shoulderboards on both sides. In March 1936, the camp ""service"" was formally established as the third branch of the SS, the ""Totenkopfverbände"" or skull units. At about this same time, for similar reasons, the military SS formations (the ""Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler"" and the ""SS-Verfügungstruppe"") adopted a service uniform in what was termed ""earth-grey"" (""erdgrau""). This also was based on the black uniform, but without the red ""Hakenkreuz"" armband, its place on the left sleeve being taken by an eagle-and-swastika patch, and worn with trousers and shoes or calf-high jackboots. In June 1938 this uniform was authorized for full-time ""Allgemeine-SS"""
"Balkenkreuz The Balkenkreuz is a straight-armed cross that was the emblem of the ""Wehrmacht"" (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the ""Heer"" (Army), ""Luftwaffe"" (Air Force), and ""Kriegsmarine"" (Navy). German ""Balken"" means ""beam, bar"", so a literal translation of ""Balkenkreuz"" would be ""beam cross"" or ""bar cross"". Germany's ""Luftstreitkräfte"" (the army air service of the ""Deutsches Heer"") first officially adopted the ""Balkenkreuz"" in mid-April 1918 (about a week before the death of Manfred von Richthofen), and used it from that time until World War I ended in"
"white or black, and with both the narrow and wide-flank forms of the cross. The Iron Cross used by today's German ""Bundeswehr"" unified defense forces inherits the four white, or lighter-colored, ""flanks"" of the older ""Balkenkreuz"" that do not ""cap"" the ends of the cross in either case, but with the ""flanks"" following the flared arms of the earlier German Empire's cross pattée instead . Balkenkreuz The Balkenkreuz is a straight-armed cross that was the emblem of the ""Wehrmacht"" (German Armed Forces) and its branches from 1935 until the end of World War II. It was used by the ""Heer"""
"Nazi Germany had amassed an extensive area of award and decorations both for military service, political service in the Nazi Party, and various other service medals and badges associated with the Nazi Germany expansion and activities. Denazification edicts promptly declared the wear and display of former Nazi decorations as strictly prohibited - an example of this was in regards to the 1939-1945-awarded examples of both the Iron Cross and its Knight's Cross advanced awards, as the now-forbidden ""hakenkreuz"" at the center of both of these was replaced with a three-leafed oakleaf cluster. As Germany split apart into East and West"
"Blutfahne The Blutfahne (), or Blood Flag, is a Nazi German ""Hakenkreuz"" (swastika) flag that was carried during the failed Beer Hall Putsch in Munich, Germany on 9 November 1923, during which it became soaked in the blood of one of the SA men who died. It subsequently became one of the most revered objects of the NSDAP (Nazi Party). It was used in ceremonies in which new flags for party organizations were consecrated by the Blood Flag when touched by it. The flag was that of the 5th SA ""Sturm"", which was carried in the march towards the ""Feldherrnhalle""."
"Among these POWs is Hugo Krauss, a German murdered by fellow German POWs at Camp Hearne in 1943. When originally interred, these graves were isolated from the American graves. There are two POW graves that have been erroneously documented as ""Nazi"" graves because they are marked with the Knight's Cross, a symbol often associated with Nazism. In the context of these POW headstones, the Knight's Cross markings indicate that these two soldiers were awarded the Knight's Cross, one of Germany's highest military awards. These soldiers were probably members of Germany's famed ""Afrika Korps"", and may have been taken prisoner in"
"Nazi Anti-Flag Desecration Law The Nazi Anti-Flag Desecration Law was not a Nazi law, but an amendment to the Second Reich Strafgesetzbuch signed into law as a ""Notverordnung"" in the Weimarer Republik on 19 December 1932 by Reichspräsident Paul von Hindenburg and the cabinet of Reichskanzler Kurt von Schleicher, making it illegal to desecrate the flag by ""insulting or maliciously and with intent belittling"" the Reich, the Länder, their constitution, colors, or flags, or the Wehrmacht. Later legislation, on 12 March 1933, and the """" of 15 September 1935, extended the protection to the ""Hakenkreuzfahne"". §134a StGB On 21 December"
"the Schutzstaffel. Many symbols used by the Nazis have further been appropriated by neo-Nazi groups, including a number of runes. Neo-Nazis however also employ various number symbols such as: Nazi symbolism The 20th-century German Nazi Party made extensive use of graphic symbols, especially the ""swastika"", notably in the form of the swastika flag, which became the state flag of Nazi Germany in 1935, after a very similar flag had represented the Party beginning in 1920. The Nazis' principal symbol was the swastika (in German, the , ""hooked-cross"") which the newly established Nazi Party formally adopted in 1920. The emblem was"
"The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 (), commonly, but incorrectly, known as the Hindenburg Cross was established by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, President of the German Republic, by an order dated 13 July 1934, to commemorate service of the German people during the First World War. This was Germany's first official service medal for soldiers of Imperial Germany who had taken part in the war, and where they had since died it was also awarded to their surviving next-of-kin. Shortly after its issuance, the government of Nazi Germany declared"
"the party were always German nationalist expansionism and antisemitism. These two goals were fused in his mind by his belief that Germany's external enemies – Britain, France and the Soviet Union – were controlled by the Jews and that Germany's future wars of national expansion would necessarily entail a war against the Jews. For Hitler and his principal lieutenants, national and racial issues were always dominant. This was symbolised by the adoption as the party emblem of the swastika or ""Hakenkreuz"". In German nationalist circles, the swastika was considered a symbol of an ""Aryan race"" and it symbolized the replacement"
"Post–World War II legality of Nazi flags The use of flags from the German Third Reich (1933–1945) is currently subject to legal restrictions in a number of countries. Whilst legal in the overwhelming majority of countries, in several European countries the display of flags associated with the Nazi government (see: Nazi flags) is subject to restriction or an outright ban. Many Nazi flags make use of ""Hakenkreuz"", or swastika symbols; however, the swastika is not always used in connection with the National Socialist German Workers' Party movement or of the German Third Reich or the combined German military of 1933–1945."
"Hanseatic Cross The Hanseatic Cross (""Hanseatenkreuz"") was a military decoration of the three Hanseatic city-states of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck, who were members of the German Empire during World War I. Each republic established its own version of the cross, but the design and award criteria were similar for each. The Hanseatic Cross was jointly instituted by agreement of the senates of the three cities, with each senate ratifying the award on different days. The Lübeck version was established first, on August 21, 1915. The Hamburg version followed on September 10 and the Bremen version on September 14. The cross"
"""Schwedenkreuz"" (""Swedish Cross""). In 1594 the fortress city of Raab (present day Győr in Hungary) was recaptured from Ottoman Empire by Baron Adolf von Schwarzenberg. In commemoration, the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II decreed that crucifixes be set up on all the main roads and crossing points of the empire, bearing the inscription: ""Praise and thanks to the Lord God"". Some of those that survive in Austria and Germany are known as ""Raaberkreuze"" (""Raab cross"") or ""Türkenkreuz"" (""Turk's cross""). In Münsterland in north Germany, crosses called ""Hofkreuze"" (""farmyard crosses"") may be found. They belong to farms and usually stand by"
"Nazi symbolism The 20th-century German Nazi Party made extensive use of graphic symbols, especially the ""swastika"", notably in the form of the swastika flag, which became the state flag of Nazi Germany in 1935, after a very similar flag had represented the Party beginning in 1920. The Nazis' principal symbol was the swastika (in German, the , ""hooked-cross"") which the newly established Nazi Party formally adopted in 1920. The emblem was a black swastika (hooks branching clockwise) rotated 45 degrees on a white circle on a red background. This insignia was used on the party's flag, badge, and armband. The"
"""hooked-cross"") in 1920 The emblem was a black swastika (hooks branching clockwise) rotated 45 degrees on a white circle on a red background. This insignia was used on the party's flag, badge, and armband. In his 1925 work , Adolf Hitler writes that: ""I myself, meanwhile, after innumerable attempts, had laid down a final form; a flag with a red background, a white disk, and a black swastika in the middle. After long trials I also found a definite proportion between the size of the flag and the size of the white disk, as well as the shape and thickness"
"German Eastern Marches Society German Eastern Marches Society (, also known in German as ') was a German radical, extremely nationalist xenophobic organization founded in 1894. Mainly among Poles, it was sometimes known acronymically as ""Hakata"" or ""H-K-T"" after its founders von Hansemann, Kennemann and von T""'iedemann. Its main aims were the promotion of Germanization of Poles living in Prussia and destruction of Polish national identity in German eastern provinces. Contrary to many similar nationalist organizations created in that period, the Ostmarkenverein had relatively close ties with the government and local administration, which made it largely successful, even though it"
"antisemitic connotation the swastika (Hakenkreuz) was also understood as ""the symbol of the creating, acting life"" (das Symbol des schaffenden, wirkenden Lebens) and as a ""race emblem of Germanism"" (Rasseabzeichen des Germanentums). The vault has special acoustics and illumination. On the ground floor the ""Obergruppenführersaal"" (literally translated: Upper-Group-Leaders-Hall, referring to the original twelve highest ranking SS-generals, called Obergruppenführer), a hall with twelve columns joined by a groined vault, twelve window- and door-niches and eight longitudinal windows was created. The room was almost finished; the rebuilding work stopped in 1943. Assumedly it was to serve as a representative hall for the"
"(IOC) in 1937, a post von Tschammer craved but was not able to obtain. The German eagle with the swastika on the chest, worn as a badge by the athletes of the 1936 German Olympics team, became the official symbol of the Nazi Sports Body; ""the swastika on the eagle's chest displays ... the ideology of the DRL"" ""(""Das Hakenkreuz aber, welches der Adler in seinen Schwingen trägt, bekennt, aus welcher Gesinnung ... im DRL gearbeitet wird)"". The verbal salutation ""Heil Hitler!"" was introduced by von Tschammer on December 12, 1936 as the official formal salutation by members of German"
"units for use elsewhere, they were put into action where the Germans were hard pressed and suffered accordingly. Aircraft markings were used to distinguish friend from foe. There were several changes in identification markings from 1935 until the end of the war in 1945. From 1933 to 1935, civilian aircraft were painted with a bright red horizontal band with a black ""Hakenkreuz"" (swastika) in a white circle superimposed, shown only on the vertical stabilizer. From 1936, the ""Balkenkreuz"" (national cross with four equal arms), basically inherited from the early spring 1918 period of ""Luftstreitkräfte"" service when it first appeared in"
"Cross of Honour of the German Mother The Cross of Honour of the German Mother (), referred to colloquially as the ""Mutterehrenkreuz"" (Mother's Cross of Honour) or simply ""Mutterkreuz"" (Mother's Cross), was a state decoration conferred by the government of the German Reich to honour a ""Reichsdeutsche"" German mother for exceptional merit to the German nation. Eligibility later extended to include ""Volksdeutsche"" (ethnic German) mothers from, for example, Austria and Sudetenland, that had earlier been incorporated into the German Reich. The decoration was conferred from 1939 until 1945 in three classes: bronze, silver, and gold, to ""Reichsdeutsche"" mothers who exhibited"
"Iron Cross was inserted into Peace's laurel wreath, making her into a Goddess of Victory. In 1821 Schinkel crowned the top of his design of the National Monument for the Liberation Wars with an Iron Cross, becoming name-giving as Kreuzberg (cross mountain) for the hill it stands on and – 100 years later – for the homonymous quarter adjacent to it. The Black Cross was used on the naval and combat flags of the German Empire. The Black Cross was used as the symbol of the German Army until 1915, when it was replaced by a simpler "". The of"
"in the town of Lambach with his parents and attended the monastery school, where he saw the ""Hakenkreuz"" (hooked cross) or swastika used in decorative carving on the stone and woodwork of the building. He later used it as a symbol for the Nazi Party, placing it in a white circle with a red background for use as a flag. Between Easter Sunday and 31. of October guided tours are offered every day at 14:00. The tour includes entrance to the Romanesque frescoes, the Baroque theatre, the library and the Baroque church. The abbey has preserved much of cultural interest."
"after the advent of Adolf Hitler's rule in Germany, it was disbanded by the Nazis. Some of its former members, now living in Poland, remained members of other German societies and organizations, and formed the core of the German Fifth column during the German Invasion of Poland of 1939. German Eastern Marches Society German Eastern Marches Society (, also known in German as ') was a German radical, extremely nationalist xenophobic organization founded in 1894. Mainly among Poles, it was sometimes known acronymically as ""Hakata"" or ""H-K-T"" after its founders von Hansemann, Kennemann and von T""'iedemann. Its main aims were"
"the Donnersberg and the Rhine were shared out among offspring, among whom an open feud later broke out, which claimed some participants’ lives. At the battlefield near ""Ottenheim"", as Gau-Odernheim was then known, at the boundary of the divided land, a so-called stone ""Sühnekreuz"" (“atonement cross”) was put up. In the Middle Ages, though, nobody wanted to have anything to do with an atonement cross; such a place was shunned and was eerie. Thus, the ""Ottenkreuz"" was eventually forgotten. Under the earth, bushes and thorny hedges it lay until those seeking it unearthed it at last. Until 2008, it could"
"order consists of a star badge, containing a swastika (in German, ""Hakenkreuz"", ""hooked cross"", which gives the award its name, the ""German cross""). It had a diameter of 6.5 cm and was worn on the right-hand side of the tunic. If a recipient had been awarded both the silver and gold divisions, the gold division should be worn only. Only the gold version of the award was officially available in cloth form, which was made for easier wear on the combat uniform; General Helmuth Weidling wore this variety during his defense of Berlin in April–May 1945. Far more awards in"
"US District Court for the Northern District of California ruled that Yahoo! would be shielded from the judgement of the French court. While Germany currently strictly prohibits public display of Nazi symbols, such as the ""Hakenkreuz"" swastika and the SS logo, historical and film purposes are legal. Section 335 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code of Hungary regulates the ""use of symbols of totalitarianism"", including the swastika, the insignia of the SS, the arrow cross, the hammer and sickle, and the five-pointed red star. The use of Nazi symbols is legal in Israel. Legislation regarding such"
"Auschwitz Cross The Auschwitz Cross (), instituted on 14 March 1985, was a Polish decoration awarded to honour survivors of Nazi German concentration camps, including Auschwitz (Auschwitz is a German name for the Polish town Oświęcim, where the camps were built by Nazi Germans). It was awarded generally to Poles, but it was possible to award it to foreigners in special cases. It could be awarded posthumously. It ceased to be awarded in 1999. An exception was made in the case of Greta Ferusic, who was awarded it in February 2004. The award is a silver Greek cross with wide"
"acquire its popular nickname, the ""Blue Max"". Initially all German and Austro-Hungarian military aircraft in service used the Cross Pattée insignia, most often known in German as the ""Eisernes Kreuz"", for the well-known Prussian military medal. The ""Balkenkreuz"", a black Greek cross on white, officially replaced the earlier marking from late March 1918 onwards (especially in early April — von Richthofen's own last Dr.I, ""425/17"", was changed over just before his air combat death), although the last order on the subject, fully standardising the new national marking, was dated June 25, 1918. By the end of the war, the German"
"curved arms. In the centre of the cross is the national eagle with an oakleaves wreath. Between the arms were rays, which was suspended from a 30mm ribbon. On 2 April 1939, Adolf Hitler ordered its institution for male and female members of the NSDAP who met certain qualifications. The award was first given out on 30 January 1940. Despite the fact that the entire Nazi movement lasted for little over 25 years (1919-1945), the awards were made well before the stated years of actual service were completed. This was because the period between 1925 and 1933 was known by"
"S. 1145) came into effect, declaring the Nazi flag to be the exclusive national flag of Germany and removing the status of the black-white-red tricolor flag of the German Empire as co-national flag. After the Nazi Party seized power on 30 January 1933, the black-red-gold flag was swiftly scrapped; a ruling on 12 March established two legal national flags: the reintroduced black-white-red imperial tricolour and the flag of the Nazi Party. The """" that declared the ""Hakenkreuzfahne"" as the only national flag was announced at the annual party rally in Nuremberg on 15 September 1935. §90a StGB Nazi Anti-Flag Desecration"
"of Poland (September-October 1939) used a plain white cross, but before the onset of Operation Weserübung (April 1940), the black core cross with white ""flanks"" that the Luftwaffe used had become the basic German AFV national insignia, as used for the rest of the war (to 1945). The ""Luftwaffe"" would use two specifications for the ""Balkenkreuz"": Late in World War II it became increasingly common for the ""Balkenkreuz"" national insignia to be painted on without the black-color ""core cross"", using only the quartet of right-angled ""flanks"" for its form to reduce its visibility - this could be done in either"
"re-establishment was made official, these markings were used by military aircraft, while the 1918 ""Balkenkreuz"" crosses were reintroduced, which expanded in their specification to two standardized proportions by July 1939, with differing widths for the quartet of white ""flanks"" on each insignia. When camouflage was introduced prior to invading Poland, the flags were dispensed with, replacing them with a black and white ""Hakenkreuz"" swastika on both sides. During the Second World War, the crosses would be further simplified, leaving only the borders in a contrasting colour. Much like the French roundel, variations would be used on countries allied with Germany,"
"Nazi domination were the military and the churches. The Reichskonkordat treaty of July 1933, signed between Germany and the Holy See, pledged to respect the autonomy of the Catholic Church, but required clerics to refrain from politics. Hitler welcomed the treaty, though he routinely violated it in the Nazi struggle with the churches. When president Hindenberg died in August 1934, the Nazis claimed jurisdiction over all levels of government and a referendum confirmed Hitler as sole Führer (leader) of Germany. A Nazi program known as ""Gleichschaltung"" sought control of all collective and social activity and interfered with Catholic schooling, youth"