"in Ireland until the transfer of power and the castle to the Irish Free State in 1922. During the Second World War the Tower of London was used to hold and execute suspected spies, and was used to briefly detain Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler's deputy, in 1941. Edinburgh Castle was used as a prisoner of war facility, while Windsor Castle was stripped of more delicate royal treasures and used to guard the British royal family from the dangers of the Blitz. Some coastal castles were used to support naval operations: Dover Castle's medieval fortifications used as basis for defences across"
"as Maindiff Court Military Hospital and POW Reception Centre. Half of the site was used for recuperating wounded soldiers. Rudolf Hess, Hitler's deputy, was held at Maindiff Court from 26 June 1942. Hess had his own room but he was guarded at all times. He was allowed a fair degree of freedom, often being driven about the local countryside, such as the local landmark, the Skirrid mountain. The British government never tried to hide the fact that Hess was being detained in Abergavenny. Indeed, when he first arrived, the staff of the hospital lined up in a formal reception to"
"near Waterfoot. Hess had flown solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom. He was detained by the Home Guard in the battalion headquarters in the Giffnock Scout hall, where he was questioned by Major Donald, the Assistant Group Officer of the Glasgow Royal Observer Corps before being transferred to Maryhill Barracks in Glasgow the following day. The wreckage of Hess's aircraft was salvaged by 63 Maintenance Unit (MU) between 11 and 16 May 1941. Part of the aeroplane is now in London's Imperial War Museum. Proposals were put forward in 2008 to expand the"
"On 10 May 1941, Hess parachuted into Scotland; the reason for his doing so was ostensibly to meet with the Duke and plot a secret peace treaty that would lead to the supremacy of Germany within Europe and the reinforcement of the British Empire without. Hess crash landed at Floors Farm near Eaglesham at 10:34 pm and gave his name as ""Alfred Horn"", a friend of the Duke of Hamilton; Hess however, was taken to hospital for injuries sustained during his descent. Hamilton was informed of the prisoner and visited him, whereupon he revealed his true identity. Hamilton immediately contacted"
"was also home to the Scots Greys and famously held Adolf Hitler's second-in-command Rudolf Hess during World War II after his supposed ""Peace"" flight to the UK in 1941, at a time when it was used as a prisoner of war camp. In 1942, the Free French leader, General Charles de Gaulle, visited French troops there. The Barracks were decommissioned and largely demolished in the early 1960s, to be replaced by the Wyndford housing estate, although the guardroom and boundary walls remain. A Territorial Army unit, the 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland, continues to be based"
"civil unrest. It was the last major programme of fortification at the castle. Most of the surviving installations for the use of artillery and firearms date from this period. During the First World War, eleven men were tried in private and shot by firing squad at the Tower for espionage. During the Second World War, the Tower was once again used to hold prisoners of war. One such person was Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler's deputy, albeit just for four days in 1941. He was the last state prisoner to be held at the castle. The last person to be executed"
"Mytchett has mainly been built since the 1930s. Pace of building has been relatively gradual; many houses have been substantially altered and extended. On 20 May 1941 Rudolf Hess was transported from the Tower of London to Camp Z which was at Mytchett Place. This had been specially set up for his arrival with heavy security and bugging devices. Hess spent 13 months at Camp Z, which was the scene for one of his suicide attempts; he had thrown himself off a balcony on 15 June 1941. The June 1942 move from Mytchett Place was to become notable following the"
"Spandau Prison Spandau Prison was located in the borough of Spandau in western Berlin. It was constructed in 1876 and demolished in 1987 after the death of its last prisoner, Rudolf Hess, to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine. The site was later rebuilt as a shopping centre for the British forces stationed in Germany. Spandau Prison was built in 1876 on Wilhelmstraße. It initially served as a military detention center. From 1919 it was also used for civilian inmates. It held up to 600 inmates at that time. In the aftermath of the Reichstag fire of 1933, opponents"
"was blocked off for him. He continued to be under heavy guard while in hospital. Ward security was provided by soldiers including Royal Military Police Close Protection personnel. External security was provided by one of the British infantry battalions then stationed in Berlin. On some unusual occasions, the Soviets relaxed their strict regulations; during these times Hess was allowed to spend extra time in the prison garden, and one of the warders from the superpowers took Hess outside the prison for a stroll and sometimes dinner. The British band Spandau Ballet got their name after a friend of the band,"
"ashes scattered at sea by family members. The gravestone, which bore the epitaph """"Ich hab's gewagt"""" (""I have dared""), was destroyed. Spandau Prison was demolished in 1987 to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Rudolf Hess Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician, and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, he served in this position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with"
"included political figures, monarchs, heads of state and diplomats along with painters, singers and musicians. The important visitors personally greeted on the steps of the Berghof by Hitler included David Lloyd George (3 March 1936), the Aga Khan (20 October 1937), Duke and Duchess of Windsor (22 October 1937), Kurt von Schuschnigg (12 February 1938), Neville Chamberlain (15 September 1938) and Benito Mussolini (19 January 1941). On 11 May 1941 Karlheinz Pintsch visited the Berghof to deliver a letter from Rudolf Hess informing him of his illegal flight to Scotland. At the end of July 1940 Hitler summoned his military"
"Rudolf Hess Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987) was a German politician, and a leading member of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, he served in this position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually convicted of crimes against peace, serving a life sentence until his suicide. Hess enlisted as an infantryman at the outbreak of World War I. He was wounded several"
"Hayes Conference Centre The Hayes Conference Centre is a group of buildings in Swanwick, UK which are used for conferences and other functions. The building which now houses the centre's reception was built in the 1850s as a private residence and named Swanwick Hayes. Since the early 1910 however it has taken up its current usage, apart from the Second World War years when it was a POW camp for German and Italian prisoners. It was the second camp to fail to hold the famous German escapee Franz von Werra. The escape tunnel can still be seen at the conference"
"at the Tower was German spy Josef Jakobs who was shot on 15 August 1941. The executions for espionage during the wars took place in a prefabricated miniature rifle range which stood in the outer ward and was demolished in 1969. The Second World War also saw the last use of the Tower as a fortification. In the event of a German invasion, the Tower, together with the Royal Mint and nearby warehouses, was to have formed one of three ""keeps"" or complexes of defended buildings which formed the last-ditch defences of the capital. The Tower of London has become"
"New Scotland Yard (building) New Scotland Yard, formerly known as the Curtis Green Building, and before that Whitehall Police Station, is a building in Westminster, London. It is located on the Victoria Embankment and is situated within the Whitehall Conservation Area. It neighbours the Norman Shaw and Ministry of Defence buildings, together with Richmond and Portcullis House. Since November 2016, it has been the headquarters of Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), the fourth such premises since the force’s foundation in 1829. The New Scotland Yard building was designed by the English architect William Curtis Green in 1935 who was commissioned to"
"turned out be Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess. Hess apparently claimed that he had flown to Britain with a message for the Duke of Hamilton in an attempt to persuade the British government to restore peace but in poor light mistook his intended destination of Dungavel House near Strathaven as Eaglesham House. Hess was tried as a war criminal at Nuremberg where an International Military Tribunal found him guilty on two counts of 'concerted plan or conspiracy' and 'crimes against peace'. He spent the rest of his life imprisoned in Spandau Prison, Berlin. Eaglesham Heritage Trail opened on 3 September 2011,"
"Karlheinz Pintsch Karlheinz Pintsch (1909–?) was the long serving senior adjutant to Rudolf Hess who was the Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany. It fell to him to report Hess's illegal May 1941 flight to Scotland to Hitler and his recollections and notes have been the subject of debate by historians. Pintsch entered the Nazi Party in 1925 and in 1934 he became the adjutant to Hess, attaining the rank of Sturmbannführer (major). He accompanied him on visits to Augsburg-Haunstetten airfield where he was learning to fly the aircraft that he flew to Scotland on 10 May 1941."
"recollection that when Hitler had read Hess's letter he remarked calmly: ""At this particular moment in the war that could be a most hazardous escapade"". Karlheinz Pintsch Karlheinz Pintsch (1909–?) was the long serving senior adjutant to Rudolf Hess who was the Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany. It fell to him to report Hess's illegal May 1941 flight to Scotland to Hitler and his recollections and notes have been the subject of debate by historians. Pintsch entered the Nazi Party in 1925 and in 1934 he became the adjutant to Hess, attaining the rank of Sturmbannführer (major)."
"on 28 April 1941. A fortnight later Hess flew to Scotland. Historian Roger Moorhouse, author of ""Berlin at War"", disputed the claims, stating that ""MI6 would have little to gain from luring Hess to Britain. Although nominally important, he was actually a peripheral figure by 1941.(Harris disagrees, making the point that Hess was essentially Party chairman, responsible for party organisation and integration of the captured territories into the Reich.) The most likely theory is that he came over of his own volition."" Borenius was admitted to St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton, in 1946 and transferred to Laverstock House, near Salisbury, where"
"Rudolf Hess. Five weeks after the death of Hess on 17 August 1987 at 1610 hours, the demolition of Spandau Prison began and was completed on 4 November 1987. In May 1988 the construction of the new facility started and was finished on 18 September 1990. The name ""Britannia Centre"" was chosen by competition from over 40 entries. The shopping center was also nicknamed ""Hessco's"" after the well known British supermarket chain, Tesco, and the prison's final occupant. After the Berlin Infantry Brigade was dissolved in mid-1994 the Britannia Centre Spandau lost its name and became the only unnamed shopping"
"Winston Churchill and informed him of the Deputy Führer's arrival. Hess was imprisoned by the British authorities until the end of the war and the subsequent Nuremberg trials. Hamilton came under pressure from the press to explain his role in the affair, with suspicions being raised that he might have been in prior contact with Hess. Questions were asked in the House of Commons. On 22 May, Sir Archibald Sinclair, the Secretary of State for Air, gave this statement to the House: When deputy Führer Hess came down with his aeroplane in Scotland on 10 May, he gave a false"
"528 people were killed and 4,000 homes totally destroyed. Perhaps Scotland's most unusual wartime episode occurred in 1941 when Rudolf Hess flew to Renfrewshire, possibly intending to broker a peace deal through the Duke of Hamilton. Before his departure from Germany, Hess had given his adjutant, Karlheinz Pintsch, a letter addressed to Hitler that detailed his intentions to open peace negotiations with the British. Pintsch delivered the letter to Hitler at the Berghof around noon on 11 May. Albert Speer later said Hitler described Hess's departure as one of the worst personal blows of his life, as he considered it"
"the Cold War period. One of the battalion's duties included guarding the last remaining prisoner at Spandau Prison, Adolf Hitler's former deputy Rudolf Hess. From West Berlin the battalion carried out annual training deployments to West Germany and southern France. From Berlin, 1 DERR returned yet again to Northern Ireland in mid-1973. In 1975, following its eighteen-month posting to Abercorn Barracks in Ballykinler, Northern Ireland, 1 DERR moved to Shoeburyness, Essex. In August that year the battalion deployed to Cyprus on an Emergency Tour, returning in February 1976. Subsequently, it assumed a new role as the Infantry Demonstration Battalion, based"
"leather industry. George travelled extensively in Europe by car and witnessed the rise of Hitler. He communicated with Winston Churchill about the inevitability of war. During trips out of Germany he smuggled Jews and their possessions in the boot of his Triumph Gloria car, including the businessman Freddie Meyer. In 1938, George resigned his job and entered the RAF as an intelligence officer based in Transport Command at RAF St Mawgan. When Rudolf Hess parachuted into Scotland, Churchill sent for George Salaman. He impersonated a captured Luftwaffe Officer and was placed in the same cell as Rudolf Hess in the"
"activities, which included television, films, reading and gardening. A lift was installed so he could more readily access the garden, and he was provided with a medical orderly from 1982 onward. Numerous appeals for Hess's release were launched by his lawyer, Dr Alfred Seidl, beginning as early as 1947. These were denied, mainly because the Soviets repeatedly vetoed the proposal. Spandau was located in West Berlin, and its existence gave the Soviets a foothold in that sector of the city. Additionally, Soviet officials believed Hess must have known in 1941 that an attack on their country was imminent. In 1967,"
"determine who controlled the prison. The prison was demolished in 1987, largely to prevent it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine, after the death of its final remaining prisoner, Rudolf Hess, who had been the prison's sole occupant after the release of Speer and von Schirach in 1966. To further ensure its erasure, the site was made into a parking facility and a NAAFI shopping center, named ""The Britannia Centre Spandau"" and nicknamed ""Hessco's"" after the well known British supermarket chain, Tesco. All materials from the demolished prison were ground to powder and dispersed in the North Sea or buried at"
"remains a private residence. Dungavel House on the outskirts of Strathaven was the location where German Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess originally intended to land on the evening of 10 May 1941 in a misguided attempt to seek peace talks with the Duke of Hamilton. However bad weather and poor navigation resulted in Hess having to land at Floors Farm in Eaglesham. In 2002, Strathaven was granted the title of Scotland's First Fairtrade Town (jointly with Aberfeldy) under the leadership of Paulo Quadros - chair of the first Fairtrade group in Scotland. Despite competition from the nearby large towns of East"
"present location at 14/15 – and initially 16 – Belgrave Square in 1955. Owned by the Duke of Westminster, along with the rest of Belgravia, the building was and still is part of the Grosvenor Estate and had recently been commandeered by the Ministry of Defence during World War II. The former Nazi commander Rudolf Hess is believed to have been interrogated in the building after he flew to Britain late in the war. SCI organises over 50 conferences and events per year which are focused around stimulating and informative scientific and special interest subjects. These are primarily organised through"
"of Germany. Both were in West Berlin, Germany, and existed during the Cold War from 1948 to 1989. These were the Berlin Air Safety Center and Spandau Prison (which was demolished in 1987 when Rudolf Hess, the sole remaining prisoner, died). These two organizations were uniquely four-powered in that American, British, French, and Soviet authorities cooperated in their management. This was a far cry from the intensely adversarial relations the allies had with the Warsaw Pact leader in almost every other aspect of world affairs during this time. Both organizations remained low-profile and secretive during their existences to avoid highlighting"
"Oxgate Admiralty Citadel Oxgate Admiralty Citadel is the name given to a military bunker constructed between 1937 and 1940, for the Admiralty, on the corner of Edgware Road and Oxgate Lane, in north London. The citadel was designed to be an away-from-Whitehall base for admiralty operations, useful in the event of a need to evacuate the centre of London. The location was a mile from the Paddock, an alternate Cabinet War Room bunker for Winston Churchill's World War II government. The citadel comprises a three-storey building above ground (typical of government building vernacular), with an upper basement and a specially"
"involved in Hess' attempts to negotiate peace with the French and British, acting as an intermediary. It has been speculated that he may have encouraged Hess's 1941 flight to Scotland, after which Haushofer's fortune changed. Under suspicion to have helped Hess he was put in prison for some weeks and then kept under ""Gestapo"" surveillance. High-ranking members of the Nazi Party looked disapprovingly upon his half-Jewish mother. He came to agree that the only way to prevent complete military and political disaster was to remove Hitler. After the failed 1944 bomb plot Haushofer went into hiding, but was arrested at"
"Ministry of Defence Main Building (United Kingdom) The Ministry of Defence Main Building or MOD Main Building also known as MOD Whitehall or originally as the Whitehall Gardens Building, is a grade I listed government office building located on Whitehall in London. The building was designed by E. Vincent Harris in 1915 and constructed between 1939 and 1959 on the site of the Palace of Whitehall. It was initially occupied by the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade before in 1964 becoming the current home of the Ministry of Defence. By the 1990s the building was no longer considered"
"Nazi Party Chancellery The Party Chancellery (""Parteikanzlei""), was the name of the head office for the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), designated as such on 12 May 1941. The office existed previously as the Staff of the Deputy Führer (""Stab des Stellvertreters des Führers"") but was renamed after Rudolf Hess flew to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate a peace agreement without Hitler's authorization. Hess was denounced by Hitler, his former office was dissolved, and the new Party Chancellery was formed in its place under Martin Bormann. Starting in 1933, the party office had its seat in Munich under the leadership"