"were, holding that the citizens of Washington State had no notice under the Sixth Amendment that the place where a film was shown was an element of the offense. Wally Lamb mentioned the bottle dance scene from ""Carmen, Baby"" in his 2016 book ""I'll Take You There"". Carmen, Baby Carmen, Baby is a 1967 American-German-Yugoslav romantic drama film directed by Radley Metzger, based on the novella ""Carmen"" by Prosper Mérimée (which also inspired Bizet popular opera, ""Carmen""). A liberated woman tempts a local police officer into a romantic entanglement with unpleasant consequences. The film ""Carmen, Baby"", according to one reviewer,"
"and opera and comedy"", and a national musical printing house was established. In the Baroque-era, noted composers included Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin. The ""Conservatoire de Musique de Paris"" was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (""La Symphonie fantastique""), Charles Gounod (""Faust""), Camille Saint-Saëns (""Samson et Delilah""), Léo Delibes (""Lakmé"") and Jules Massenet (""Thaïs""), among others. Georges Bizet's ""Carmen"" premiered 3 March 1875. ""Carmen"" has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon. Among"
"previous operas, the chorus simply lined up on stage and sang, but in ""Carmen,"" they were asked to walk around the stage, act, and even smoke cigarettes. It defied all conventions of comic opera, with its musical style, the profession of its heroine and its tragic ending. At its premiere on March 3, 1875, it scandalized both the critics and the audience; one critic reported it ""was neither scenic nor dramatic."" It was defended by Camille Saint-Saëns, who called it a masterpiece, but when Bizet died three months after the premiere, it was considered a failure. With time it became"
"Furthermore, the musicians complained that it could not be played, and the singers complained that it could be not be sung. The reviews were mixed, and the audience cold. When Bizet died in 1875, he considered it a failure. Nonetheless, ""Carmen"" soon became one of the best-known and beloved operas in the repertoire worldwide. The most famous French composer of the late ""Belle Époque"" in Paris was Claude Debussy (1862-1918). He was born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, and entered the Conservatory in 1872. He became part of the Parisian literary circle of the symbolist poet Mallarme. At first an admirer"
"and in ""Les bergers"" in 1865; she toured the USA before returning to the Paris Opéra-Comique. Paola was prominent in operetta and created roles for Charles Lecocq, appearing a great deal in the USA. Galli-Marié and Irma sang together in ""Madeleine"" at the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens in 1869. Célestine Galli-Marié Célestine Galli-Marié (15 March 1837 – 22 September 1905) was a French mezzo-soprano who is most famous for creating the title role in the opera ""Carmen"". She was born Marie-Célestine Laurence Marié de l'Isle in Paris. She was taught singing by her father, Mécène Marié de l'Isle, who also"
"Célestine Galli-Marié Célestine Galli-Marié (15 March 1837 – 22 September 1905) was a French mezzo-soprano who is most famous for creating the title role in the opera ""Carmen"". She was born Marie-Célestine Laurence Marié de l'Isle in Paris. She was taught singing by her father, Mécène Marié de l'Isle, who also had a successful opera career. Her début came in 1859 in Strasbourg, and she sang in Italian in Lisbon. At the age of fifteen she had married a sculptor named Galli (who died in 1861) and thus took her stage name, Galli-Marié. Émile Perrin, the director of the Opéra-Comique,"
"Camille du Locle Camille du Locle (16 July 18329 October 1903) was a French theatre manager and a librettist. He was born in Orange, France. From 1862 he served as assistant to his father-in-law, Émile Perrin at the Paris Opéra, moving in 1870 to the Opéra-Comique (he was co-director (with Adolphe de Leuven) in the Opéra-Comique). He is best remembered for mounting the original production of Bizet's ""Carmen"" in 1875. His friendship with Ernest Reyer led to him providing libretti for ""Sigurd"" and ""Salammbô"". Du Locle was responsible for completing the libretto of ""Don Carlos"" after the death of Joseph"
"Prosper Mérimée Prosper Mérimée (; 28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was an important French writer in the school of Romanticism, and one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted archaeologist and historian, and an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella ""Carmen"", which became the basis of Bizet's opera ""Carmen"". He learned Russian and translated the work of several important Russian writers, including Pushkin and Gogol, into French. From 1830 until 1860 he was the inspector of French historical"
"twice, singing the role of La Abuela in 1978, conducted by Luis Antonio García Navarro, and the lead role of Salud in 1992, with Jesús López Cobos conducting the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. Alicia Nafé Alicia Nafé (born 4 August 1947) is an Argentinian operatic mezzo-soprano, who has performed leading parts at international opera houses and festivals. She is known for singing the title role in Bizet's ""Carmen"". Born in Buenos Aires, Nafé first studied voice in her hometown, then continued her studies in Europe, with Luigi Ricci in Rome, and with Teresa Berganza. She won the Concours Francisco Viñas competition"
"Louise Caselotti Louise Caselotti (August 23, 1910July 13, 1999) was an American opera singer. Caselotti was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, the daughter of voice teacher Guido Caselotti, with whom she studied after the family moved to Los Angeles, California. Caselotti debuted with the San Carlo Opera Company in Los Angeles in 1927 in that city's Philharmonic Auditorium. She was particularly noted for having sung the title role in ""Carmen"" more than four hundred times, and she also appeared notably as the gypsy Azucena in ""Il Trovatore."" She performed in Italian motion pictures in the early 1930s. In the United States"
"Virginia Ferni Germano Virginia Ferni Germano (16 December 1849 — 4 February 1934) was an Italian soprano opera singer. Virginia Ferni was born in Turin. Her mother was an actress, Francesca Ferni; her father was a cellist, Antonio Ferni; her siblings Angelo and Teresa were both musicians too. Virginia Ferni studied both violin and voice as a girl. Virginia Ferni debuted on the opera stage in 1876, in Charles Gounod's ""Faust"", at Madrid's Teatro Reale. She was the first to play Bizet's ""Carmen"" in Italian, at Milan's La Scala in 1885. She created the title role of Alfredo Catalani's """""
"Georges Bizet Georges Bizet (; 25 October 18383 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, ""Carmen"", which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire. During a brilliant student career at the Conservatoire de Paris, Bizet won many prizes, including the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. He was recognised as an outstanding pianist, though he chose not to"
"Alicia Nafé Alicia Nafé (born 4 August 1947) is an Argentinian operatic mezzo-soprano, who has performed leading parts at international opera houses and festivals. She is known for singing the title role in Bizet's ""Carmen"". Born in Buenos Aires, Nafé first studied voice in her hometown, then continued her studies in Europe, with Luigi Ricci in Rome, and with Teresa Berganza. She won the Concours Francisco Viñas competition in Barcelona. She made her debut singing the alto part in Verdi's Requiem, and made her stage debut at the Teatro Real Madrid in 1971. In 1974, she performed the title role"
"Zelda Seguin Wallace Zelda Harrison Seguin Wallace (1848 – February 19, 1914) was an American opera singer and suffragist. Zelda Harrison was born in New York City. She studied voice with Ann Childe Seguin, who sang at the coronation of Queen Victoria. Zelda Harrison, a contralto, first appeared on stage in 1865, at age 17, in Saratoga Springs, New York. As Zelda Seguin she found success singing popular French and Italian operas in English translations, including with Emma Abbott in her Abbott English Opera Company. She was well known for being the first to sing the title role of ""Carmen"""
"""Samson et Dalila"" (1877), the ""Carnival of the Animals"" (1877), and his Symphony No. 3 (1886). On 25 February 1871, he co-founded the Société Nationale de Musique with Romain Bussine to promote French contemporary and chamber music. His students included Maurice Ravel and Gabriel Fauré, two of the foremost French composers of the late 19th- and early 20th centuries. Georges Bizet (1838-1875), born in Paris, was admitted to the Paris Conservatory when he was only ten years old. He finished his most famous work, ""Carmen"", written for the Opéra-Comique, in 1874. Even before its première, ""Carmen"" was criticized as immoral."
"1931, Desdemona in Verdi's ""Otello"" and Micaela in Bizet's ""Carmen"", both in complete recordings of the operas with Carlo Sabajno conducting the La Scala Orchestra and Chorus. When the ""Otello"" was reissued in 1957, the reviewer in ""The New Records"" wrote, ""Maria Carbone surprised this writer, he had forgotten what a fine singer she was on these discs. Her work in the Love Duet is exquisite, and in the Finale she is superb."" Maria Carbone Maria Carbone (15 June 1908 – 28 December 2002) was an Italian operatic soprano. She created the lead female roles in two of Gian Francesco"
"a five-act opera by Léo Delibes. However, it was left unfinished due to his own death in Paris at age 54. Ernest Guiraud Ernest Guiraud (; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera ""Carmen"" and for Offenbach's opera ""Les contes d'Hoffmann"" (""The Tales of Hoffmann""). Guiraud began his schooling in Louisiana under the tutelage of his father, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Guiraud, who had won the Prix de Rome in 1827. At age 15, he set a"
"Henri Meilhac Henri Meilhac (23 February 1830 – 6 July 1897) was a French dramatist and opera librettist. Meilhac was born in the 1st arrondissement of Paris in 1830. As a young man, he began writing fanciful articles for Parisian newspapers and comédies en vaudevilles, in a vivacious boulevardier spirit which brought him to the forefront. About 1860, he met Ludovic Halévy, and their collaboration for the stage lasted twenty years. Their most famous collaboration is the libretto for Georges Bizet's ""Carmen"". However, Meilhac's work is most closely tied to the music of Jacques Offenbach, for whom he wrote over"
"orchestras. In 1883, the Spanish violinist and composer Pablo de Sarasate (1844–1908) wrote a ""Carmen Fantasy"" for violin, described as ""ingenious and technically difficult"". Ferruccio Busoni's 1920 piece, Piano Sonatina No. 6 (Fantasia da camera super Carmen), is based on themes from ""Carmen"". In 1967, the Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin adapted parts of the ""Carmen"" music into a ballet, the ""Carmen Suite"", written specifically for his wife Maya Plisetskaya, then the Bolshoi Ballet's principal ballerina. The character ""Carmen"" has been a regular subject of film treatment since the earliest days of cinema. The films were made in various languages and"
"and lawlessness, and the tragic death of the main character on stage, broke new ground in French opera and were highly controversial. After the premiere, most reviews were critical, and the French public was generally indifferent. ""Carmen"" initially gained its reputation through a series of productions outside France, and was not revived in Paris until 1883. Thereafter, it rapidly acquired popularity at home and abroad. Later commentators have asserted that ""Carmen"" forms the bridge between the tradition of ""opéra comique"" and the realism or ""verismo"" that characterised late 19th-century Italian opera. The music of ""Carmen"" has since been widely acclaimed"
"display in the National Museum of Medieval History. Prosper Mérimée Prosper Mérimée (; 28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was an important French writer in the school of Romanticism, and one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted archaeologist and historian, and an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella ""Carmen"", which became the basis of Bizet's opera ""Carmen"". He learned Russian and translated the work of several important Russian writers, including Pushkin and Gogol, into French. From 1830 until"
"Jonas Kaufmann Jonas Kaufmann (born 10 July 1969) is a German operatic tenor. He is best known for his performances in ""spinto"" roles such as Don José in ""Carmen"", Cavaradossi in ""Tosca"", Maurizio in ""Adriana Lecouvreur"", and the title role in ""Don Carlos"". He has also sung leading tenor roles in the operas of Richard Wagner in Germany and abroad, most notably at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He is also an accomplished Lieder singer. In 2014 ""The New York Times"" described Kaufmann as ""a box-office draw, and... the most important, versatile tenor of his generation."" Kaufmann was born"
"Cynthia Clarey Cynthia Clarey (born April 25, 1949) is an American operatic singer and educator. In opera, she has sung both soprano and mezzo-soprano roles and is often associated with the role of ""Carmen"". Clarey was born in Smithfield, Virginia. At the age of ten she moved with her family to Rocky Mount, North Carolina. As a child, Clarey sang in choirs for her school and the family's church. After graduating from high school in 1966, Clarey went to Howard University in Washington, D.C. to study music. She earned her bachelor of music degree in 1970. Clarey then enrolled at"
"liked writing operas on literary themes. Gounod's ""Faust"" (1859), based on the drama by Goethe, became an enormous worldwide success. Gounod followed it with ""Mireille"" (1864), based on the Provençal epic by Frédéric Mistral, and the Shakespeare-inspired ""Roméo et Juliette"" (1867). Bizet offered the Théâtre Lyrique ""Les pêcheurs de perles"" (1863) and ""La jolie fille de Perth"", but his biggest triumph was written for the Opéra-Comique. ""Carmen"" (1875) is now perhaps the most famous of all French operas. Early critics and audiences, however, were shocked by its unconventional blend of romantic passion and realism. Another figure unhappy with the Parisian"
"the cabaret style, saying, ""Opera is more technically difficult for a singer, but cabaret is up close and personal. There’s nowhere to hide! ... It really feels like home"". Clarey joined the Roosevelt University faculty in 2008, teaching voice and performance at the Chicago College of Performing Arts there. She has also been a guest professor at Indiana University Bloomington. Cynthia Clarey Cynthia Clarey (born April 25, 1949) is an American operatic singer and educator. In opera, she has sung both soprano and mezzo-soprano roles and is often associated with the role of ""Carmen"". Clarey was born in Smithfield, Virginia."
"the world of opera. She continues those performances and has appeared in schools and community centers across the United States. Suzanna Guzmán Suzanna Guzmán (born in East Los Angeles, California) is an American mezzo-soprano and television host. Currently she is the host of KCET's weekly series ""Open Call"". As a singer she has performed with international and American opera companies as a principal artist: ""La traviata"" at the Metropolitan Opera, ""La favorite"" in Montpellier, France, and ""Goya"" at the Spoleto Festival in Italy. She is known for her portrayal of the title role in ""Carmen"" for Houston Grand Opera's multimedia"
"at the Opéra-Comique: it was another nine years before ""Carmen"" defied the convention there, ending with the death of the main character.) The strong original cast featured, in the title role, Célestine Galli-Marié, a celebrated singer who later created the part of Carmen in Bizet's opera. Thomas was similarly fortunate in his cast for his next success, ""Hamlet"" (1868), which starred Jean-Baptiste Faure as Hamlet and Christine Nilsson as Ophelia. The opera was distantly based on Shakespeare by way of a French adaptation by Alexandre Dumas, père, and Paul Meurice, further adapted as a libretto by Carré and Barbier. Although"
"failure of the opening run. In April 1883 Carvalho finally revived ""Carmen"" at the Opéra-Comique, with Adèle Isaac featuring in an under-rehearsed production that removed some of the controversial aspects of the original. Carvalho was roundly condemned by the critics for offering a travesty of what had come to be regarded as a masterpiece of French opera; nevertheless, this version was acclaimed by the public and played to full houses. In October Carvalho yielded to pressure and revised the production; he brought back Galli-Marié, and restored the score and libretto to their 1875 forms. On 9 January 1884, ""Carmen"" was"
"heard her performing Balfe's ""The Bohemian Girl"" at Rouen and brought her to Paris. She sang at the Opéra-Comique until 1885, premiering in Pergolesi's ""La serva padrona"". Her most famous roles were in Thomas's ""Mignon"" (1866) and Bizet's ""Carmen"" (1875). It was said that at the 33rd performance of ""Carmen"" on 2 June 1875, Galli-Marié had a premonition of Bizet's death while singing the cards scene in Act III, and fainted when she left the stage; the composer in fact died that night and the next performance was cancelled due to her indisposition. Undertaking much touring, she performed Carmen in"
"were designed as examples of pieces that show the use of ostinati, bordun, and appropriate texts for children. Teachers using the volumes are encouraged to simplify the pieces, to write original texts for the pieces and to modify the instrumentation to adapt to the teacher's classroom situation. Orff's ideas were developed, together with Gunild Keetman, into a very innovative approach to music education for children, known as the ""Orff Schulwerk"". The music is elemental and combines movement, singing, playing, and improvisation. Carl Orff Carl Heinrich Maria Orff (; – ) was a German composer, best known for his cantata ""Carmina"
"She had been married with the theatre director Paul Wiecke since 1916 and had two children. Irma Tervani Irma Tervani, stage name of Irma Achté, (1887–1936) was a Finnish contralto opera singer who performed at the Finnish Opera in Helsinki and at the Dresden Royal Opera. She is remembered for her interpretation of ""Carmen"" and for her Wagnerian roles. Born on 4 June 1887 in Helsinki, Irma Achté was the daughter of the opera singer Emmy Achté née Strömer and the conductor Lorenz Nicolai Achté. Her younger sister, Aino Ackté, was a celebrated international operatic soprano. First taught by her"
"the city's public, and won praise from both Wagner and Brahms. The latter reportedly saw the opera 20 times, and said that he would have ""gone to the ends of the earth to embrace Bizet"". The Viennese triumph began the opera's rapid ascent towards worldwide fame. In February 1876 it began a run in Brussels at La Monnaie; it returned there the following year, with Galli-Marié in the title role, and thereafter became a permanent fixture in the Brussels repertory. On 17 June 1878 ""Carmen"" was produced in London, at Her Majesty's Theatre, where Minnie Hauk began her long association"
"have identified clear foreshadowings of the composer's genius which would culminate, 10 years later, in ""Carmen"". Since 1950 the work has been recorded on numerous occasions, in both the revised and original versions. Bizet's first opera, the one-act ', was written in 1856 when the 18-year-old composer was a student at the Conservatoire de Paris. It was Bizet's winning entry in a competition organised by the celebrated composer Jacques Offenbach, and gained him a cash award, a gold medal, and a performance of the prize work at the . In 1857 Bizet was awarded the prestigious Prix de Rome, and"