"transferred to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Even after the fall of the Ottoman rule, the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided. In the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia, Croatian politicians strived for the unification of the Kingdom of Dalmatia with Croatia. Another ambition of Croatian politicians was to incorporate the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Croatia. The Habsburg Governor Béni Kállay resorted to co-opt religious institutions. Soon, the Austrian Emperor gained support to name Orthodox metropolitans and Catholic bishops and to choose Muslim hierarchy. The first Catholic archbishop was Josip Stadler. Both apostolic vicarates, Bosnian and Herzegovinian,"
"Tornjak The Tornjak (pronunciation is ""tornyak""; official original name), also known as Bosnian and Herzegovinian – Croatian Shepherd dog (official English name), is a mountain sheep dog native to Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. It is considered that 11th and 14th-century documents mention the breed. It became almost extinct, but the salvation started in the early 1970s with pure blood breeding since 1978. FCI accepted it on a provisional basis in 2007, and on definitive basis with official valid standard on 7 November 2017, placed in """", with ""Nr. 355"" in ""Section 2.2"" dedicated to the Mountain Types. Tornjaks belong"
"sighthounds and other breeds. Old Croatian Sighthound The Old Croatian Sighthound, regionally known as the hrti, is a breed of dog from Croatia. Originally developed as a sighthound, the greyhound-like breed was almost exterminated during Croatia's time as part of Yugoslavia; however, its continued existence was confirmed in December 2008. This recent (Bauer & Lemo, December 2008) report containing a record of a preserved nucleus of a regional Old World sighthound, the ""hrt"", or Old Croatian sighthound, is a notable cynological and veterinary contribution to sighthound history. It is one more confirmation of the mechanism behind the extinction of sighthound"
"and backs of legs (feathering). Coat colour is a reddish wheaten, marked with white. There is no actual proof of great antiquity for this breed, although there is much fanciful conjecture. The type is very old, and the modern breed resembles images seen in frescoes as early as 1497. Writers cited as having mentioned the type include Bishop of Đakovo Petar Bakić in 1719 and the veterinarian Franjo Bertić, also of Đakovo, in 1859. Hounds from the Sava Valley (Posavina, south-east of Zagreb) were sold as ""boskini"" in Croatia in the 1800s. The ancestry of the dogs was documented starting"
"Old Croatian Sighthound The Old Croatian Sighthound, regionally known as the hrti, is a breed of dog from Croatia. Originally developed as a sighthound, the greyhound-like breed was almost exterminated during Croatia's time as part of Yugoslavia; however, its continued existence was confirmed in December 2008. This recent (Bauer & Lemo, December 2008) report containing a record of a preserved nucleus of a regional Old World sighthound, the ""hrt"", or Old Croatian sighthound, is a notable cynological and veterinary contribution to sighthound history. It is one more confirmation of the mechanism behind the extinction of sighthound varieties, where the loss"
"was promptly removed after NATO military attack ensued against FR Yugoslavia. Montenegrin Mountain Hound The Montenegrin Mountain Hound is a rare dog breed from the mountain regions across the Balkans. Black and tan, with a smooth coat, the Montenegrin Mountain Hound was called ""Black Hound"" in the past. The breed is of the same origin as the other Balkan hounds. He stands high and weighs . The breed is used to hunt fox, hare, and small game, occasionally hunting larger animals such as deer or even wild boar. The breed was formerly known as the Yugoslavian Mountain Hound; the FCI"
"Bosnian dogs and not to the Šarplaninac anyway. The livestock guardian breeds of Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Greece, Romania and other Balkan countries are a result of the strict breeding separations enforced by the native peoples of the area, but they all have the same ancestral roots as the original Alaunt and Epirian Mastiff, sharing their origin with the ancient dogs of Armenia and other Caucasian territories, as well as with the great wolfhounds of Central Asia, although the Šarplaninec of Macedonia had been bred in isolation longer than most of its relatives. The breed was officially recognized in 1939 and"
"in the Balkan region by the Phoenicians in ancient times. The FCI changed its official designation of this breed to the Serbian Hound in 1996. The Serbian Hound is a very kind breed of dog, forming bonds with its family and owners. It is a lively breed and loves to walk and play with loved ones. The Serbian Hound is a very good worker with a tenacious nature that will not let it give up until it finds its quarry. The Serbian Hound is one of a group of scent hounds that spread throughout the Balkans. The first record of"
"Montenegrin Mountain Hound The Montenegrin Mountain Hound is a rare dog breed from the mountain regions across the Balkans. Black and tan, with a smooth coat, the Montenegrin Mountain Hound was called ""Black Hound"" in the past. The breed is of the same origin as the other Balkan hounds. He stands high and weighs . The breed is used to hunt fox, hare, and small game, occasionally hunting larger animals such as deer or even wild boar. The breed was formerly known as the Yugoslavian Mountain Hound; the FCI changed the name on July 15, 1997. The first standard dates"
"Writers cited as having mentioned the type include Bishop of Đakovo Petar Bakić in 1719 and the veterinarian Franjo Bertić, also of Đakovo, in 1859. The old type is seen in the Posavaz Hound and the Istrian Coarse-haired Hound, as well. The smooth- and coarse-haired hounds were used for hunting in Istria (see the article on Motovun for photographs of the sort of mountainous terrain they were bred to hunt) while the Posavaz Hound is from the Sava Valley. The Istrian hounds are thought to be the oldest of the hound breeds in the Balkan region. A stud book was"
"1737, 1742 and 1752. In all of these documents the description of the Croatian Sheepdog matches entirely its appearance today and in all of them the dog is named ""Canis pastoralis croaticus"" or Croatian Sheepdog. A systematic selection breeding program was started by Romić in 1935 with dogs in the territory of Đakovo. After 34 years of work, the breed was finally recognized by FCI in 1969. Croatian Sheepdog The Croatian Sheepdog is a dog breed from Croatia. The Croatian sheepdog is a weatherproof, adaptable breed. They are of low to medium height and the base color is always black,"
"Barak hound The Barak or Bosnian Broken-haired Hound (), is a hunting dog breed developed in Bosnia. The breed is a scenthound, originally used to hunt large game. Other names include Bosnian Hound and Illyrian Hound. Alternative descriptive names include Bosnian Rough-haired Hound, Bosnian Rough-coated Hound and Bosnian Coarse-haired Hound. These names refer to the texture of the shaggy coat, usually called ""broken-haired"" or ""hard"" in English dog fancier jargon. The former name given to the breed was Illyrian Hound, referring to a pre-Slavic people of the area. Today's breed is descended from indigenous dog types, crossed with an Italian"
"The goal of the project is to preserve and improve the Dalmatian breed by breeding parent dogs with the following traits: All puppies in the Heritage Project are descendants of Dr. Robert Schaible's parent line. Today, ""Dr. Schaible’s line produces the only Dalmatians in the world today that are free of a metabolic defect that can lead to urinary tract problems."" The FCI recognized Croatia as its country of origin, citing several historical sources. The first illustrations of the dog have been found in Croatia: an altar painting in Veli Lošinj dating to 1600–1630, and a fresco in Zaostrog. The"
"in the archives of the diocese of Đakovo by the ""father of the breed""—veterinarian Stjepan Romić—is from 1374. In this document, Petar, Bishop of Đakovo, says ""the dog is about 18 inches high, with medium long black curly coat, the hair on the head is short, ears are pricked or semi-pricked and it is very good for keeping flocks of all farm animals."" He also mentions that the Croats brought the dog with them while migrating from their original native land to Croatia in the 7th century. Romić also found in archive of Đakovo's diocese important information from Years 1719,"
"to the rare livestock protection breeds and share many characteristics with other Mountain dogs. The Tornjak is one of the very old breeds from ancient times, and it was mentioned in handwritten papers for the first time in the 9th century, in the documents of the Catholic Church. The breed was later mentioned in the 11th and 14th century. Descriptions of the Tornjak were found in the writings of Peter Horvat, bishop of Đakovo, Croatia, which date back to the year 1374, those descriptions were also found in the writings of Peter Lukić, Canon of the Đakovo diocese, which were"
"Posavac Hound The Posavac Hound (FCI No. 154) (Croatian: ""posavski gonič"") is a breed of dog, originating as a hunting dog of the scenthound type. Croatia is the home country for the breed. The name translates into English as the ""Scenthound From The Sava Valley"", but is usually translated as the Posavac Hound. The Posavac Hound is a solidly built dog with a somewhat long body, close-fitting drop ears, a long tail, and a gentle expression. The breed has an ideal height around 50 cm (20 ins) at the withers. The short, flat coat is slightly longer on the belly"
"written in 1752. The term 'Tornjak' evolved from the Bosnian/Croatian word ""tor"", which means an enclosed area where the sheep live in. To this day, these dogs are called ""Toraši"" (Torashi) in the surroundings of the city of Sinj and on the Kamešnica mountain, whereas the shepherds of the Dinara-mountains call them ""Dinarci"". Descriptions of Tornjaks from these documents are the very same as they are today, except for the name of the breed, which was ""Bosanski Ovčar"", meaning Bosnian Shepherd Dog. It was also called the ""Hrvatski pas planinac"", meaning Croatian mountain dog. The dogs in these documents were"
"the Gulf of Trieste to the Dinaric Alps. Mostly bred in Slovenia and Istria in Croatia. The ancestral type of the modern day breed travelled with shepherds through this area, and most likely came with ancient nomadic pastoralists. In 1689, the ethnographer Johann Weikhard von Valvasor mentioned the shepherd's dogs of the area in his work ""The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola"" without description of dogs. In the 20th century, when the landrace shepherd dogs began to be documented as a modern breed, it was first referred to as the Illyrian Shepherd (1939). Karst Shephard and Šarplaninac were considered"
"standard describes the ideal temperament as docile and an enthusiastic hunter. Posavac Hound The Posavac Hound (FCI No. 154) (Croatian: ""posavski gonič"") is a breed of dog, originating as a hunting dog of the scenthound type. Croatia is the home country for the breed. The name translates into English as the ""Scenthound From The Sava Valley"", but is usually translated as the Posavac Hound. The Posavac Hound is a solidly built dog with a somewhat long body, close-fitting drop ears, a long tail, and a gentle expression. The breed has an ideal height around 50 cm (20 ins) at the"
"described entirely equal (in respect to their function and their appearance) as they are today: a protective guarding dog which keeps and watches all that their owners ask them, but is highly intelligent and selectively bred to be without excessive aggression. They are also pleasant toward strangers that they meet outside of their domain. It is considered that the dogs of the Tornjak's type have existed in the area around and in Dinarides (Dinaric Alps), especially in the region around Vlašić (close to the city of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina) as a central area of the region since the Roman"
"the Šar Mountains region which is how it got its name. However, the Šara is only a single mountain in the Balkans, while the dogs classified as Šarplaninci can be found in many other regions of Macedonia and Serbia, such as the mountains of Korab, Stogovo, Bistra, Jablanica, Pelister and elsewhere, lending credence to the claims that even the popular and currently official name is rather misleading and not completely respectful. Many believe that this had been the famous palace dog of Alexander the Great, while the Skilos tou Alexandrou was one of his war dogs, but chances are that"
"home and the field where its tenacity in the hunt is greatly admired. Friendliness: Reserved with strangers Children: Good if raised from puppyhood Trainability: Can be difficult to train Independence: Moderate Dominance: Can be dominant if allowed to be Decorum: May chase other pets Combativeness: Can be good if sufficiently socialised Noise: Average Serbian Tricolour Hound The Serbian Tricolour Hound (/""srpski trobojni gonič"" or тробојац/""trobojac"") is a breed of dog of the hound type. Formerly called the Yugoslavian Tricolour Hound, the name was changed for clarity after the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991. The breed was first exhibited at"
"Bucovina Shepherd Dog The Bucovina Shepherd (Câine Ciobănesc de Bucovina) is one of the largest and most powerful rustic livestock guardian dogs and has strong watch dog qualities. It was developed over many centuries by shepherds in the Carpathian Mountains. There are three types of Romanian shepherd dogs: the Mioritic (old name Barac), the Carpatin (old name Zăvod) and the Bucovina Shepherd. In the FCI, this particular breed is known as the Southeastern European Shepherd. It is a natural breed with its origin in the Carpathian Mountains (Romania and Serbia) and the South of Danube (some regions of Bulgaria). Special"
"docile and calm, and lively and enthusiastic when hunting. Istrian Shorthaired Hound The Istrian Short-haired Hound (FCI No. 151, original name is ""Istarski Kratkodlaki Gonič"") is a breed of dog from Istria in Croatia, descended from a very old type of scenthound. This hound is the slightly smaller counterpart to the longer-coated Istrian Coarse-haired Hound from the same region. The Istrian Short-haired Hound has a short, smooth, glossy, hard coat, primarily white with sparse patches of orange. The breed has a typical well-muscled hound body, with long legs and a long tail. The head is fairly broad and flat (not"
"back to 1924. The breed bears strong resemblance to the Austrian Black and Tan Hound. The breed was first officially recognized on May 8, 1969 in Warsaw. American Rare Breed Association considers the breed endangered. Perhaps the most memorable popular depiction of the Montenegrin Mountain Hound (then called Yugoslavian Mountain Hound) had been as the hand puppet ""Triumph, the Insult Comic Dog"", regularly appearing on the NBC television show ""Late Night with Conan O'Brien"". Although the puppet displays physical characteristics of the breed, and was identified as such during many appearances, the caption identifying Triumph as a Yugoslavian Mountain Hound"
"to be the place of the breed's establishment. The existence of the Bolognese has been recorded since the year 1200. Bolognese dogs may be seen in tapestry work produced by Flemish craftsmen dating as far back as the 17th century. The Venetian painter Titian painted the Duke Frederico Gonzaga with his Bolognese. The breed is also seen in paintings by Goya, Gosse and Watteau. Other notable owners of the breed include Catherine the Great of Russia (1729-1796), Madame De Pompadour (1721-1764) and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. The breed was brought into England in 1990 by Liz Stannard and is"
"the Balkan Hound comes from the 11th century where a man called Frank Laska described the breed in detail, along with other scenthounds of that time. The Serbian Hound has been a permanent fixture in the Balkans throughout history with the first standard written for the breed in 1924; however, it was not until 1940 that the Fédération Cynologique Internationale accepted the standard which had been accepted elsewhere. The Serbian Hound was spread most widely through Serbia and, at a FCI meeting in 1996, it was decided to officially change the name to the Serbian Hound. Today, the Serbian Hound"
"Serbian Tricolour Hound The Serbian Tricolour Hound (/""srpski trobojni gonič"" or тробојац/""trobojac"") is a breed of dog of the hound type. Formerly called the Yugoslavian Tricolour Hound, the name was changed for clarity after the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991. The breed was first exhibited at shows in 1950. At one time it was considered a variation of the Serbian Hound, but was recognised by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale as a separate breed in 1961. The Serbian Tricolour Hound is a medium-large scenthound that was bred as a running hound (free running to seek game on its own, not"
"Bulgarian Scenthound The Bulgarian Scenthound (, ""balgarsko gonche"") is a breed of hunting dog originating in Bulgaria. It is the most popular hunting breed in Bulgaria but is rare outside its borders. It is recognized by the Bulgarian Republican Federation of Cynology, a member of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. It is unknown how the Bulgarian Scenthound came into the region of Bulgaria nor where its origins lay. Some sources indicate that Illyrians, Thracians, Celts and Greeks living in the Balkan peninsula used similar scenthounds for hunting. Some scholars suggest that all scenthounds found in the peninsula originate in Asia. The"
"Karakachan dog The Karakachan is a breed of dog that originated in Bulgaria as a mountain livestock guardian dog. Other names are Ovcharsko kuche and Thracian Mollos. The dog is named after the Karakachans, Balkan nomadic shepherds. Due to their conservative stock-breeding traditions, they have preserved some of the oldest breeds of domestic animals in Europe: the Karakachan sheep, Karakachan horse and the Karakachan dog. In the past, this mountain dog was widely used in Bulgaria as a border army watchdog. Nowadays it is used primarily as a livestock guardian dog and property guard dog. The most numerous populations of"
"against a bringer of bad weather imagined as a black bird. The zduhaći are recorded in Montenegro, eastern Herzegovina, part of Bosnia, and the Sandžak region of south-western Serbia. The dragon men are recorded in eastern Serbia, Banat, western Bulgaria, and Macedonia. In Montenegro, eastern Herzegovina, part of Bosnia, and the Sandžak region of south-western Serbia, a man who was thought to be able to protect his estate, village, or region from bad weather was called a zduhać or a ""stuha"". These names have a number of variants, which can be with or without ""h"", with ""v"" instead of ""h"","
"Dalmatian dog The Dalmatian is a breed of medium-sized dog, noted for its unique black or liver spotted coat and mainly used as a carriage dog in its early days. Its roots trace back to Croatia and its historical region of Dalmatia. Today, it is a popular family pet and many dog enthusiasts enter Dalmatians into kennel club competitions. The Dalmatian is a medium sized, well-defined, muscular dog with excellent endurance and stamina. When fully grown, according to the American Kennel Club breed standard, it stands from tall, with males usually slightly larger than females. Both the AKC and The"
"it was a specific mild-mannered type of the Šarplaninac known as Zlatan that served as the great conqueror's pet, seeing how all but one variety of the breed have traditionally been very dominant and ferocious workers. Prior to the Turkish conquest of the area, all of the shepherd dogs of the Balkans were known under the name of ""Illyrian Mountain Dog"", distinguishable as regional Molosser types, rather than actual breeds. However, these great dogs existed in the Balkans long before the Illyrian connection, so even that name is technically incorrect and would be more accurate if applied strictly to the"