"(see below), which are produced by very closely related ""Aspergilli"". Quorn, a meat substitute, is made from ""Fusarium venenatum"". Edible mushrooms include commercially raised and wild-harvested fungi. ""Agaricus bisporus"", sold as button mushrooms when small or Portobello mushrooms when larger, is the most widely cultivated species in the West, used in salads, soups, and many other dishes. Many Asian fungi are commercially grown and have increased in popularity in the West. They are often available fresh in grocery stores and markets, including straw mushrooms (""Volvariella volvacea""), oyster mushrooms (""Pleurotus ostreatus""), shiitakes (""Lentinula edodes""), and enokitake (""Flammulina"" spp.). Many other mushroom"
"Chestnut The chestnuts are a group of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ""Castanea"", in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. Chestnuts belong to the family Fagaceae, which also includes oaks and beeches. The four main species groups are commonly known as American, European, Chinese, and Japanese chestnuts. Chestnuts should not be confused with horse chestnuts or buckeyes (genus ""Aesculus""), which are not related to ""Castanea"" and are named for producing nuts of similar appearance, but"
"Isognomon alatus Isognomon alatus, the flat tree oyster, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Isognomonidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from southern Florida to Brazil and Bermuda. The flat tree oyster has two thin, irregularly shaped valves joined by a long straight hinge. The exterior is sculptured by a large number of rough, concentric rings with loose flakes and varies in colour from a pale brownish olive to a purplish black. The nacre on the inside is lustrous and cream coloured shaded with purplish brown. The shell is attached to"
"or even fruity. The texture is soft and fleshy, but crisp on the palate. North American varieties include Kumamoto and Yaquina Bay from Oregon, Duxbury and Wellfleet from Massachusetts, Malpeque from Prince Edward Island, Canada, Blue Point from Long Island, New York, Pemaquid from Maine, and Cape May oysters from New Jersey. Variations in water salinity, alkalinity, and mineral and nutritional content influence their flavor profile. Oysters can contain harmful bacteria. Oysters are filter feeders, so will naturally concentrate anything present in the surrounding water. Oysters from the Gulf Coast of the United States, for example, contain high bacterial loads"
"cedar, cutlass, doudouce, egg, Graham, Bombay, ice-cream, Julie, long, pawpaw, Peter, rose, round, spice, starch, Tommy, teen, turpentine, vert, zabrico), breadfruit, sorrel (roselle), passion fruit), watermelons, sapodilla Manilkara zapota , pommerac (Syzygium malaccense), guavas, pommecythère (Spondias dulcis), caimite (star apple), abiu, five fingers (carambola), cherries, zaboca (avocado), popoy (papaya), chenette (Melicoccus bijugatus), pineapples, oranges, Portugal (tangerines of various genetic breeding), plum (Governor, King and common variety), West Indian (Barbadian) cherry (Acerola), bananas (sikyé, silk, Gros Michel, Lacatan), barbadine (granadilla), balatá, soursop, cashews, Tamarind, Ceres (Flacourtia indica), , Cocorite (Attalea maripa), Gru-Gru-beff (Acrocomia aculeata), Fat-Pork (Chrysobalanus icaco), pears. and coconuts (several"
"years later natural colonies of flat oysters have been found in the wild. Many North American suppliers use the name 'Belon' to species that are found in the wild throughout the United States. ""Ostrea edulis"" is now also being maricultured in the states of California, Maine, and Washington in the United States. The species once dominated European oyster production but disease, pollution, and overfishing sharply reduced the harvest. U.S. oyster growers farm ""O. edulis"" in small quantities on both coasts. They are prized for their unique tannic seawater flavor, sometimes described as dry and metallic, and are more expensive than"
"in English during the 14th century, the word ""oyster"" comes from Old French ""oistre"", in turn from Latin ""ostrea"", the feminine form of ""ostreum"", which is the latinisation of the Greek ὄστρεον (""ostreon""), ""oyster"". Compare ὀστέον (""osteon""), ""bone"". True oysters are members of the family Ostreidae. This family includes the edible oysters, which mainly belong to the genera ""Ostrea"", ""Crassostrea"", ""Ostreola"", ""Magallana"", and ""Saccostrea"". Examples include the Belon oyster, eastern oyster, Olympia oyster, Pacific oyster, and the Sydney rock oyster. Almost all shell-bearing mollusks can secrete pearls, yet most are not very valuable. Pearls can form in both saltwater and"
"is no scientific evidence to prove that flower remedies can control, cure or prevent any type of disease, including cancer"". Chestnut The chestnuts are a group of eight or nine species of deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ""Castanea"", in the beech family Fagaceae. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. Chestnuts belong to the family Fagaceae, which also includes oaks and beeches. The four main species groups are commonly known as American, European, Chinese, and Japanese chestnuts. Chestnuts should not be confused with horse chestnuts"
"stages they settle to the seabed, undergo metamorphosis and attach themselves with byssus threads as miniature adults. Isognomon alatus Isognomon alatus, the flat tree oyster, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Isognomonidae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from southern Florida to Brazil and Bermuda. The flat tree oyster has two thin, irregularly shaped valves joined by a long straight hinge. The exterior is sculptured by a large number of rough, concentric rings with loose flakes and varies in colour from a pale brownish olive to a purplish black. The nacre"
"other American oysters. The flavor is considered excellent for eating raw on the half shell. The abductor muscle of the European flat in combination with the shape of the shell results in a somewhat weaker seal compared with other oyster species. It is common practice to use rubber bands to prevent oysters from spilling their liquor and dehydrating in storage before consumption. Ostrea edulis ""Ostrea edulis"", commonly known as the European flat oyster, is a species of oyster native to Europe. In the British Isles, regional names include Colchester native oyster, mud oyster, or edible oyster. In France, ""Ostrea edulis"""
"Oyster Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but not all, oysters are in the superfamily Ostreoidea. Some kinds of oysters are commonly consumed by humans, cooked or raw, and are regarded as a delicacy. Some kinds of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects. First attested"
"the substrate by a byssus thread and grows to about in length. The flat tree oyster is found in southern Florida, the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, San Andrés and Brazil. It is one of three closely related species that are found, sometimes in dense patches, on the roots of mangroves, especially the red mangrove (""Rhizophora mangle"") and on shallow rocky areas, down to depths of or more. On coral reefs it occurs on rock ledges and exposed rocks in areas of high sedimentation, forming mats of hundreds of"
"or curly leaf (""P. crispum crispum"" group; syn. ""P. crispum"" var. ""crispum""); and, Italian, or flat leaf (""P. crispum neapolitanum"" group; syn. ""P. crispum"" var. ""neapolitanum""). Of these, the ""neapolitanum"" group more closely resembles the natural wild species. Flat-leaved parsley is preferred by some gardeners as it is easier to cultivate, being more tolerant of both rain and sunshine, and is said to have a stronger flavor — although this is disputed — while curly leaf parsley is preferred by others because of its more decorative appearance in garnishing. A third type, sometimes grown in southern Italy, has thick leaf"
"the advantage of having a nut a little more rarely compartmentalized. Comballe Comballe is a French traditional chestnut (""Castanea sativa"") variety. In France, it is the variety with the largest production. This beautiful rustic nut of Ardeche origin has a bright, streaky chestnut colour. Its fine, sweet and fragrant flesh justifies the excellent taste reputation. The Comballe takes its name from the Combeaux, farmhouse of the canton of Saint-Pierreville, in the mountains of the Ardeche and Vivarais. It originated in the beginning of the eighteenth century and spread through the region. Its very bright chestnut color features honey reflections with"
"Telfairia pedata Telfairia pedata, commonly known as oysternut (alternately spelled as 'oyster nut', etc.), queen's nut, Zanzibar oilvine (alternately spelled as 'oil vine', etc.), is a dioecious African liana which can grow up to 30 metres long, having purple-pink fringed flowers, and very large (30–90 cm × 15–25 cm), many-seeded, drooping, ellipsoid berries which can weigh up to 15 kg (though one old source from 1882 claimed up to 60 lbs). It is valuable for having edible fruit, seeds and oil. Propagation is by seed which are black to brown-red, recalcitrant and vary from 1g to 68g, with the smaller"
"and abundantly. This is the common supermarket lemon, also known as 'Four Seasons' (""Quatre Saisons"") because of its ability to produce fruit and flowers together throughout the year. This variety is also available as a plant to domestic customers. There is also a pink-fleshed Eureka lemon, with a green and yellow variegated outer skin. The 'Femminello St. Teresa', or 'Sorrento' is native to Italy. This fruit's zest is high in lemon oils. It is the variety traditionally used in the making of ""limoncello"". The 'Yen Ben' is an Australasian cultivar. Lemons are a rich source of vitamin C, providing 64%"
"the arrival of Columbus. Varieties were in use by native peoples of the United States by the 16th century. Types of ""C. maxima"" include ""triloba"", ""zapallito"", ""zipinka"", Banana, Delicious, Hubbard, Marrow (""C. maxima"" Marrow), Show, and Turban. ""C. moschata"" is native to Latin America, but the precise location of origin is uncertain. It has been present in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Peru for 4,000–6,000 years and has spread to Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. This species is closely related to ""C. argyrosperma"". A variety known as the Seminole Pumpkin has been cultivated in Florida since before the arrival"
"those made from the kukui nut in Hawaii. Buckeye candy, made to resemble the tree's nut, is made by dipping a ball of peanut butter fudge in milk chocolate, leaving a circle of the peanut butter exposed. These are a popular treat in Ohio, especially during the Christmas and college football seasons. Aesculus glabra The tree species Aesculus glabra is commonly known as Ohio buckeye, American buckeye, or fetid buckeye. ""A. glabra"" is one of 13–19 species of Aesculus also called horse chestnuts. It is native primarily to the Midwestern and lower Great Plains regions of the United States, extending"
"distinguished by the larger leaves up to 90 cm long, and round (not oval) nuts. The variety ""cordiformis"", often called the heartnut has heart-shaped nuts; the common name of this variety is the source of the sectional name Cardiocaryon. The butternut (""J. cinerea"") is also native to eastern North America, where it is currently endangered by an introduced disease, butternut canker, caused by the fungus ""Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum"". Its leaves are 40–60 cm long, the fruits are oval, the shell has very tall, very slender ridges, and the kernel is especially high in fat. A study of sequenced nuclear DNA from"
"species, with few hybrids. Carl Peter Thunberg originally classified the kumquats as ""Citrus japonica"" in his 1784 book, ""Flora Japonica"". In 1915, Swingle reclassified them in a separate genus, ""Fortunella"", named in honor of Robert Fortune. Seven species of ""Fortunella"" were generally recognized—""F. japonica"", ""F. margarita"", ""F. crassifolia"", ""F. hindsii"", ""F. obovata"" and ""F. polyandra"", as well as the recently described ""F. bawangica"". Since the kumquat is a cold hardy species, there are many hybrids between common citrus members and the kumquat. Swingle coined a separate hybrid genus for these, which he called ""× Citrofortunella"". Subsequent study of the many"
"Garcinia prainiana Garcinia prainiana, known as the button mangosteen or cherapu is a species of ""Garcinia"". It has a flavor similar to, but distinct from, its cousin, the purple mangosteen, with an interesting taste some have compared to a tangerine, but unlike its cousin, it has a tissue-thin skin rather than a hard rind, making it much easier to eat out-of-hand. Also unlike the purple mangosteen, it can be grown in a container. The fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, by a few backyard growers in South Florida, and at the Whitman Rare Fruit Pavilion of Florida's Fairchild Tropical Botanic"
"predators. The lower valve is flat and is attached to the substrate. When the living animal is lying on the seabed it is usually not visible because of the algae, marine animals and sediment that cover the shell. The flat tree oyster and Lister's tree oyster are often among these epibionts. A diver swimming past may just observe a slight movement on the seabed as the oyster snaps its valves shut. Young animals are much less spiny than adults and resemble members of the genus Chama, the jewelbox clams. The Atlantic thorny oyster occurs in the western Atlantic Ocean, the"
"Oystering Oystering or oyster veneer is a decorative form of veneering, a type of parquetry. This technique is using thin slices of wood branches or roots cut in cross-section, usually from small branches of walnut, olive, kingwood and less commonly laburnum, yew and cocus. The resulting circular or oval pieces of veneer are laid side by side in furniture to produce various decorative patterns. Because the shape formed resembles an oyster shell the technique acquired the name of oyster veneering. This technique is likely to have been developed by English cabinet-makers in the 1660s, immediately after the Restoration of the"
"in the United States to establish varieties of ""C. sativa"" which may be resistant to chestnut blight, as well as to relieve the strain on cereal supplies. The main region in Italy for chestnut production is the Mugello region; in 1996, the European Community granted the fruit Protected Geographic Indication (equivalent to the French Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) status to the Mugello sweet chestnut. It is markedly sweet, peels easily, is not excessively floury or astringent, and has notes of vanilla, hazelnut, and, more subtly, fresh bread. There is no unpleasant aroma, such as yeast, fungus, mold or paper, which sometimes"
"is in serious decline due to commercial development of its beach habitats. The species is grown commercially to make jam. Although it is bitter or sour it can be eaten out of hand. Beach plums are much smaller in size when compared to the longer cultivated Asian varieties found in the supermarket. A number of cultivars have been selected for larger and better flavored fruit, including Resigno, Eastham, Hancock and Squibnocket. Natali Vineyards in Goshen, New Jersey produces a wine from beach plums. Greenhook Ginsmiths in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York makes a gin flavored with beach plums. The species was"
"row out of 3 planted with Precoce Migoule). Under dry climate and with good pollinators, it is moderately productive. Chestnuts mature medium-early. The nuts fall in the burr. Nuts are large of bright red brown color that keep well. It is the hybrid that best resists phytophthora. It is also resistant to canker but is sensitive to cold weather and root asphyxia. It takes quite long for trees to bear fruit, which should be considered when planting an orchard. Marigoule Marigoule is the name of a french hybrid of chestnut (synonym M.15 or CA 15), cross between a European chestnut"
"Pacific oyster The Pacific oyster, Japanese oyster, or Miyagi oyster (""Magallana gigas""), previously and currently also known as ""Crassostrea gigas"", considered by part of the scientific community to be the proper denomination [2][2] [3][3] as an accepted alternative in WoRMS, is an oyster native to the Pacific coast of Asia. It has become an introduced species in North America, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. The genus ""Magallana"" is named for the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and its specific epithet ""gígās"" is from the Greek for ""giant"". It was previously placed in the genus ""Crassostrea;"" from the Latin ""crass"" meaning ""thick"","
"and even kill the vines. Telfairia pedata Telfairia pedata, commonly known as oysternut (alternately spelled as 'oyster nut', etc.), queen's nut, Zanzibar oilvine (alternately spelled as 'oil vine', etc.), is a dioecious African liana which can grow up to 30 metres long, having purple-pink fringed flowers, and very large (30–90 cm × 15–25 cm), many-seeded, drooping, ellipsoid berries which can weigh up to 15 kg (though one old source from 1882 claimed up to 60 lbs). It is valuable for having edible fruit, seeds and oil. Propagation is by seed which are black to brown-red, recalcitrant and vary from 1g"
"Castanea sativa Castanea sativa, or sweet chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times. The tree is commonly called the ""chestnut"", or ""sweet chestnut"" to distinguish it from the horse chestnut ""Aesculus hippocastanum"", to which it is only distantly related. Other common names include ""Spanish chestnut"", ""Portuguese chestnut"" and ""marron"" (French for ""chestnut""). The Latin ""sativa"" means ""cultivated by humans"". Some selected"
"Eastern oyster The eastern oyster (""Crassostrea virginica"")—also called Wellfleet oyster, Atlantic oyster, Virginia oyster, or American oyster—is a species of true oyster native to the eastern seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of North America. It is also farmed in Puget Sound, Washington, where it is known as the Totten Inlet Virginica. Eastern oysters are and have been very popular commercially. Today, less than 1% of the original 17th-century population (when the original colonists arrived) is thought to remain in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, although population estimates from any era are uncertain. The eastern oyster is the state"
"the ""civic oak crown"". Linnaeus described only five species of oak from eastern North America, based on general leaf form. These were white oak, ""Quercus alba""; chestnut oak, ""Q. montana""; red oak, ""Q. rubra""; willow oak ""Q. phellos""; and water oak, ""Q. nigra"". Because he was dealing with confusing leaf forms, the ""Q. montana"" and ""Q. rubra"" specimens actually included mixed foliage of more than one species. Oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (; Latin ""oak tree"") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks. The common name ""oak"""
"the twig from which these spring, small clusters of female or fruit-producing flowers. Two or three flowers together form a four-lobed prickly calybium, which ultimately grows completely together to make the brown hull, or husk, covering the fruits. Chestnut flowers are not self-compatible, so two trees are required for pollination. All ""Castanea"" species readily hybridize with each other. The fruit is contained in a spiny (very sharp) cupule in diameter, also called ""bur"" or ""burr"". The burrs are often paired or clustered on the branch and contain one to seven nuts according to the different species, varieties, and cultivars. Around"
"to kumquats, suggesting that all these species should be included in the genus ""Citrus"". Wu, ""et al."", found that several of the finger lime cultivars were actually hybrids with round lime, and concluded there were just three species among those tested, desert lime (""C. glauca""), round lime (""C. australis"") and the finger lime (""C. australasica""), though their analysis did not include other types previously identified as distinct species. In more limited genomic analysis, the New Guinea wild lime, ""Clymenia"" and ""Oxanthera"" (false orange) all cluster with the Australian limes as members of ""Citrus"". The outback lime is a desert lime"