"is a short overview of the commonly used diacritical marks for Balto-Slavic (BSl.) accents and/or prosodic features, all based on the example letter ""a"". In each case, there is a crude characterization of the pronunciation in terms of High, Mid, and Low-tone sequences. In Croatian dialects, especially Čakavian and Posavian, the ""neoacute"" (""new acute"", a new rising tone) is usually marked with tilde, as ""ã"". Short neoacute (""short new rising"") is marked as ""à"". Neoacutes represent a post–Proto-Slavic development. Here is a reverse key to help decode the various diacritical marks: There are multiple competing systems used for different languages"
"Diacritic A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (""diakritikós"", ""distinguishing""), from (""diakrī́nō"", ""to distinguish""). ""Diacritic"" is primarily an adjective, though sometimes used as a noun, whereas ""diacritical"" is only ever an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute ( ´ ) and grave ( ` ), are often called ""accents"". Diacritical marks may appear above or below a letter, or in some other position such as within the letter or between two letters. The main use"
"Combining Diacritical Marks, Combining Diacritical Marks Extended, Combining Diacritical Marks for Symbols, Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms, Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B, Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs, Miscellaneous Technical, Modifier Tone Letters and Spacing Modifier Letters Unicode blocks. Arrow (symbol) An arrow is a graphical symbol such as ← or →, used to point or indicate direction, being in its simplest form a line segment with a triangle affixed to one end, and in more complex forms a representation of an actual arrow (e.g. ➵ U+27B5). The direction indicated by an arrow is the one along the length of the line towards the end"
"with the Roman alphabet are transliterated, or romanized, using diacritics. Examples: Diacritic A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (""diakritikós"", ""distinguishing""), from (""diakrī́nō"", ""to distinguish""). ""Diacritic"" is primarily an adjective, though sometimes used as a noun, whereas ""diacritical"" is only ever an adjective. Some diacritical marks, such as the acute ( ´ ) and grave ( ` ), are often called ""accents"". Diacritical marks may appear above or below a letter, or in some other position such"
"Cardinal mark A cardinal mark is a sea mark (a buoy or other floating or fixed structure) used in maritime pilotage to indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water. Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safety as a cardinal (compass) direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. This makes them meaningful regardless of the direction or position of the approaching vessel, in contrast to the (perhaps better-known) lateral mark system. The characteristics and meanings of cardinal marks are as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities. A cardinal mark indicates one"
"Direction, position, or indication sign A direction sign, more fully defined as a direction, position, or indication sign by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is any road sign used primarily to give information about the location of either the driver or possible destinations, and are considered a subset of the informative signs group. Direction signs are far more varied internationally than other classes of sign, as the Vienna Convention does not specify sizes, colours, symbols or positions of such signs. Direction signs are the oldest type of road sign; Plutarch writes about milestones being placed in the"
"in ""YES"" or ""CAN."" The diacritics are: Hinge, Rotational, Rattle, Flutter, and Edge. Movement marks indicate the movement of the word itself. Some movement marks are systematic, such as move outward, others are less so, such as ""WALK-DRUNKENLY."" Locatives indicate when a word is bounded to the body (rather than produced in the signing space). They are subcategorised into two fields: frontal and profile. Extramanual features include facial configurations and body movements. si5s/ASLwrite extramanual marks are subcategorised into four: eyebrow marks, questioning marks, mouth morphemes and body movements. The eyebrow marks are: raise, knit, wan, slanted and squint; questioning marks:"
"( ), which, respectively, mark abbreviations or acronyms, and Greek diacritical marks, which showed that letters of the alphabet were being used as numerals. In the Hanyu Pinyin official romanization system for Chinese, diacritics are used to mark the tones of the syllables in which the marked vowels occur. In orthography and collation, a letter modified by a diacritic may be treated either as a new, distinct letter or as a letter–diacritic combination. This varies from language to language, and may vary from case to case within a language. English is the only major modern European language requiring no diacritics"
"as the French ""là"" (""there"") versus ""la"" (""the"") that are both pronounced . In Gaelic type, a dot over a consonant indicates lenition of the consonant in question. In other alphabetic systems, diacritical marks may perform other functions. Vowel pointing systems, namely the Arabic harakat ( etc.) and the Hebrew niqqud ( etc.) systems, indicate vowels that are not conveyed by the basic alphabet. The Indic virama ( ् etc.) and the Arabic sukūn ( ) mark the absence of vowels. Cantillation marks indicate prosody. Other uses include the Early Cyrillic titlo stroke ( ◌҃ ) and the Hebrew gershayim"
"of the cone is its largest part. Cardinal mark A cardinal mark is a sea mark (a buoy or other floating or fixed structure) used in maritime pilotage to indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water. Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safety as a cardinal (compass) direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. This makes them meaningful regardless of the direction or position of the approaching vessel, in contrast to the (perhaps better-known) lateral mark system. The characteristics and meanings of cardinal marks are as defined by the International Association of"
"2008. Exclamation marks are used to emphasize a precautionary statement. On warning signs, an exclamation mark is often used to draw attention to a warning of danger, hazards, and the unexpected. These signs are common in hazardous environments or on potentially dangerous equipment. A common type of this warning is a yellow triangle with a black exclamation mark, but a white triangle with a red border is common on European road warning signs. The mark is encoded as and codice_2 in HTML5. Related forms are encoded: Some scripts have their own exclamation mark: In mathematics, the symbol represents the factorial"
"Macron (diacritic) A macron () is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar placed above a letter, usually a vowel. Its name derives , since it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics. It now more often marks a long vowel. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the macron is used to indicate a mid-tone; the sign for a long vowel is instead a modified triangular colon . The opposite is the breve , which marks a short or light syllable or a short vowel. In Greco-Roman metrics and in the description of the metrics"
"that introduced diacritic marks to enable foreigners to learn pronunciation and in some cases, grammatical features. However, as pronunciation of letters changed over time, the diacritic marks were reduced to representing the stressed syllable. In Modern Greek typesetting, this system has been simplified to only have a single accent to indicate which syllable is stressed. Orthography An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language. It includes norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Most significant languages in the modern era are written down, and for most such languages a standard orthography has been developed,"
"distal points of a body part or a limb. That is, ""the direction signs indicate the direction towards which the limbs must incline"". The direction symbols are organized as three levels: high, middle, and low (or deep): Labanotation is a record of the facts, the framework of the movement, so that it can be reproduced. The symbols are placed on a vertical staff, the horizontal dimension of the staff represents the symmetry of the body, and the vertical dimension represents time passing by. The location of a symbol on the staff defines the body part it represents. The centre line"
"Determinative A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading, but none of which were pronounced. In cuneiform texts of Sumerian, Akkadian and Hittite languages, many nouns are preceded or"
"""query diverticulitis""). Question mark The question mark [ ? ] (also known as ""interrogation point"", ""query"", or ""eroteme"" in journalism) is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions. The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at . Lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York. Truss describes the ""punctus interrogativus"" of the late 8th century as, ""a lightning flash, striking from right"
"Letters and diacritics are written along a central axis. Portions of letters to the right of the axis generally slant up, and portions to the left of the axis generally slant down. The only signs that do not follow these rules are the horizontal signs for ""S"" ""Š "" and part of ""Ö"". Words are delineated by a space, as well as different letter forms. Though most letters only come in one shape, there are some letters that look different depending on where in the word they occur, whether they are initial, medial, or final. There is an alphabetic order"
"indicate the position of a hazard and the direction of safe water as a cardinal direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. This makes them meaningful regardless of the direction or position of the approaching vessel, in contrast to the lateral mark system. A cardinal day beacon indicates one of the four compass directions by: Day beacon A day beacon is an unlighted nautical sea mark. A signboard attached to a day beacon is called a day mark and is used to identify it. Typically, day beacons mark channels whose key points are marked by lighted buoys."
"Symbol A symbol is a mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. Symbols allow people to go beyond what is known or seen by creating linkages between otherwise very different concepts and experiences. All communication (and data processing) is achieved through the use of symbols. Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, ideas or visual images and are used to convey other ideas and beliefs. For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for ""STOP"". On a map, a blue line might represent a river. Numerals are symbols"
"Mappiq The mappiq (, also ""mapiq"", ""mapik"", ""mappik"", lit. ""causing to go out"") is a diacritic used in the Hebrew alphabet. It is part of the Masoretes' system of niqqud (vowel points), and was added to Hebrew orthography at the same time. It takes the form of a dot in the middle of a letter (usually , ""he""). An identical point with a different phonetic function (marking different consonants) is called a dagesh. The ""mappiq"" is used to mark the letter (""he"") (and rarely ""aleph""), indicating that it is to be pronounced as a consonant, although in a position where"
"Line marker In cave (and occasionally wreck) diving, line markers are used for orientation as a visual and tactile reference on a permanent guideline. Directional markers (commonly a notched acute isosceles triangle in basic outline), are also known as line arrows or Dorff arrows, and point the way to an exit. Line arrows may mark the location of a ""jump"" location in a cave when two are placed adjacent to each other. Two adjacent arrows facing away from each other, mark a point in the cave where the diver is equidistant from two exits. Arrow direction can be identified by"
"that women use exclamation marks more than men do, and one study suggests that, in addition to other uses, exclamation marks may also function as markers of friendly interaction, for example, by making ""Hi!"" or ""Good luck!"" seem friendlier than simply ""Hi."" or ""Good luck."" (with periods). In English writing and often subtitles, a (!) symbol (an exclamation mark within parentheses) implies that a character has made an obviously sarcastic comment e.g.: """"Ooh, a sarcasm detector. That's a"" really useful"" invention(!)"""" It also is used to indicate surprise at one's own experience or statement. In French, next to marking exclamations"
"Reference mark The reference mark or reference symbol (※) is a punctuation mark used in Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) writing. It is used to call attention to an important sentence or thought, like a prologue or footnote. In contrast to the European asterisk, it is not used for connecting a specific place in the text directly to the footnote, but rather for notes directly before or after the passage. Its Japanese name, (; , , ), refers to the similarity of the character to the for ""rice"" (). Its Korean name, ' (), literally means ""reference mark"". It is"
"necessary for showing spirantization or for historical reasons. Some non-alphabetic scripts also employ symbols that function essentially as diacritics. Different languages use different rules to put diacritic characters in alphabetical order. French treats letters with diacritical marks the same as the underlying letter for purposes of ordering and dictionaries. The Scandinavian languages, by contrast, treat the characters with diacritics ""ä"", ""ö"" and ""å"" as new and separate letters of the alphabet, and sort them after ""z"". Usually ""ä"" is sorted as equal to ""æ"" (ash) and ""ö"" is sorted as equal to ""ø"" (o-slash). Also, ""aa"", when used as an"
"it is safe to travel. For waters where the direction of the related fairway is not obvious, such as where there are fairways leading in several directions or where there is navigable water outside designated fairways, cardinal marks are often used instead of lateral ones. These give the direction of safe water as a cardinal direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. There are also other markers that give information other than the edges of safe waters. Most are white with orange markings and black lettering. They are used to give direction and information, warn of hazards"
"or pavement markings. They help the driver navigate; they assign the right-of-way at intersections; they indicate laws such as speed limits and parking regulations; they advise of potential hazards; they indicate passing and no passing zones; and otherwise deliver information and to assure traffic is orderly and safe. Two hundred years ago these devices were signs, nearly all informal. In the late 19th century signals began to appear in the biggest cities at a few highly congested intersections. They were manually operated, and consisted of semaphores, flags or paddles, or in some cases colored electric lights, all modeled on railroad"
"Dot (diacritic) When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the ""Interpunct"" ( · ), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' ( ◌̇ ) and 'combining dot below' ( ◌̣ ) which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese. Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark: The overdot is also used in the Devanagari script, where it is called anusvara. In mathematics and physics, when using Newton's notation the dot denotes the time"
"For example, along the Japanese shorelines, the tsunami warning signs are linked with a network of warning sirens, typically at the top of the cliff of surroundings hills. Direction, position, or indication sign A direction sign, more fully defined as a direction, position, or indication sign by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, is any road sign used primarily to give information about the location of either the driver or possible destinations, and are considered a subset of the informative signs group. Direction signs are far more varied internationally than other classes of sign, as the Vienna Convention"
"Signage Signage is the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message to a specific group, usually for the purpose of marketing or a kind of advocacy. A signage also means signs ""collectively"" or being considered as a group. The term ""signage"" is documented to have been popularized in 1975 to 1980. Signs are any kind of visual graphics created to display information to a particular audience. This is typically manifested in the form of wayfinding information in places such as streets or on the inside and outside buildings. Signs vary in form and size based on"
"mark occurs then the short 'a' is assumed. Diacritic marks indicate the other vowels, the pure nasal (anusvara), and the aspirated vowel (visarga). A special mark (virama), can be used to indicate that the letter stands alone with no vowel which sometimes happens at the end of Sanskrit words. See links below for examples. The writing of mantras and copying of Sutras using the Siddhaṃ script is still practiced in Shingon Buddhism in Japan but has died out in other places. It was Kūkai who introduced the Siddham script to Japan when he returned from China in 806, where he"
"Sea mark A sea mark, also seamark and navigation mark, is a form of aid to navigation and pilotage that identifies the approximate position of a maritime channel, hazard, or administrative area to allow boats, ships, and seaplanes to navigate safely. There are three types of sea mark: beacons (fixed to the seabed or on shore), buoys (consisting of a floating object that is usually anchored to a specific location on the bottom of the sea or to a submerged object) and a type of cairn built on a submerged rock/object, especially in calmer waters. Sea marks are used to"
"also informally called as ' (; ), as the symbol is often used to indicate the presence of pool halls, with two crossed strokes indicating two cue sticks and four dots indicating four billiard balls. In Unicode, the symbol is available at code point U+203B """". Reference mark The reference mark or reference symbol (※) is a punctuation mark used in Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) writing. It is used to call attention to an important sentence or thought, like a prologue or footnote. In contrast to the European asterisk, it is not used for connecting a specific place in"
"always reliable guides; nevertheless, radicals are still important for indexing of characters such as in a dictionary. Commands on the Apollo Guidance Computer were entered numerically, as two-digit numbers: Verb, and Noun. Verb described the type of action to be performed and Noun specified which data was affected by the action specified by the Verb command. Verb and Noun function as a determinative symbol. Determinative A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language,"