"hunted by the indigenous people of Buru, which are predominantly Christian. The meat of Buru babirusa has low fat (only 1.27% compared to 5–15% for domestic pigs) and is regarded as a delicacy. It is also preferred by the locals to the meat of other wild pigs or deer in terms of texture and flavor. The establishment of two protected areas on Buru, Gunung Kapalat Mada (1,380 km²) and Waeapo (50 km²), partly aim at preserving the habitat of the Buru babirusa. This species also enjoys full protection under Indonesian law since 1931. The babirusa has been documented to produce"
"male babirusa. In females, the canines are far shorter and typically do not protrude. In comparison, the Buru babirusa has relatively long, thick body hair, a well-developed tail-tuft, and relatively short and slender upper canines in males, while the Togian babirusa is larger, has a relatively well-developed tail-tuft, and the upper canines of the male are ""short, slender, rotated forwards, and always converge"". Its habitat is the underbrush of tropical forests and canebrakes, and the shores of rivers and lakes. Its mostly-hairless, mottled-grey-and-brown hide provide it with a degree of camouflage. The North Sulawesi Babirusa is known for its two"
"name is restricted to the Buru babirusa from Buru and the Sula Islands, whereas the best-known species, the north Sulawesi babirusa, is named ""B. celebensis"". The split, which uses the phylogenetic species concept, is based on differences in size, amount of hair on body and tail-tuft, and measurements of the skull and teeth. ""B. babyrussa beruensis"" was described as an extinct, Pleistocene subspecies from southwestern Sulawesi before babirusas were split into multiple species. Babirusa are notable for the long upper canines in the males. The upper canines of male babirusa emerge vertically from the alveolar process, penetrating though the skin"
"Aurochs The aurochs ( or ; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (""Bos primigenius""), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa. It is the ancestor of domestic cattle; it has also been suggested as an ancestor genetically to the modern European bison, which have been crossbred with steppe bison. The species survived in Europe until 1627, when the last recorded aurochs died in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland. During the Neolithic Revolution, which occurred during the early Holocene, at least two aurochs domestication events occurred: one related"
"Bekisar The Bekisar, or Ayam Bekisar, is the first generation hybrid offspring of the green junglefowl (""Gallus varius"") and domesticated red junglefowl from Java (""Gallus gallus bankiva""). The roosters have a glossy blackish green plumage and are highly prized for their loud clear calls and striking colouration, while the hens are usually dull and infertile. Bekisars were traditionally used by the original inhabitants of the Sunda Islands as symbolic or spiritual mascots on outrigger canoes, and consequently spread over a wide area. The original hybrids are rarely fertile (and hens are generally sterile), but backcrosses with domestic chicken are sometimes"
"animals need not be tame in the behavioral sense, such as the Spanish fighting bull. Wild animals can be tame, such as a hand-raised cheetah. A domestic animal's breeding is controlled by humans and its tameness and tolerance of humans is genetically determined. However, an animal merely bred in captivity is not necessarily domesticated. Tigers, gorillas, and polar bears breed readily in captivity but are not domesticated. Asian elephants are wild animals that with taming manifest outward signs of domestication, yet their breeding is not human controlled and thus they are not true domesticates. The domestication of animals began with"
"Other than rats (""Rattus rattus""), all ""wild"" mammal species are feral descendants of domesticated species. During the plantation era, Diego Garcia was home to large herds of Sicilian donkeys (""Equus asinus""), dozens of horses (""Equus caballus""), hundreds of dogs (""Canis familiaris""), and house cats (""Felis catus""). In 1971, the BIOT Commissioner ordered the extermination of feral dogs following the departure of the last plantation workers, and the program continued through 1975, when the last feral dog was observed and shot. Donkeys, which numbered over 400 in 1972, were down to just 20 individuals in 2005. The last horse was observed"
"vertically and not cross with the lower canines. Babirusa also vary by species in other characteristics. The golden babirusa has a long, thick pelage that is white, creamy gold, black or gold overall and black at the rump. The pelage of the Togian babirusa is also long but not as that of the golden babirusa. The Togian babirusa has a tawny, brown or black pelage that is darker on the upper parts than in the lower parts. The North Sulawesi babirusa has very short hair and appears bald. The female babirusa has only one pair of teats. Babirusa are native"
"Domesticated red fox The Russian domesticated red fox is a form of the wild red fox (""Vulpes vulpes"") which has been domesticated to an extent, under laboratory conditions. They are the result of an experiment which was designed to demonstrate the power of selective breeding to transform species, as described by Charles Darwin in ""On the Origin of Species"". The experiment was purposely designed to replicate the process that had produced dogs from wolves, by recording the changes in foxes, when in each generation only the most tame foxes were allowed to breed. In short order, the descendant foxes became"
"suggestive of a deer's antlers. Together with the other members of the genus ""Babyrousa"", the North Sulawesi babirusa has usually been considered a subspecies of a widespread ""Babyrousa babyrussa"", but recent work suggests that there may be several species, differentiable on the basis of geography, body size, amount of body hair, and the shape of the upper canine tooth of the male. Following the split, the ""true"" ""Babyrousa babyrussa"" is restricted to Buru and the Sula Islands. Most experts agree that babirusas are part of the pig family, and are one of the oldest living members of the family, representing"
"""cuniculosa"", i.e. rabbit-ridden. The European rabbit is the only rabbit species that has been domesticated and all 305 global rabbit breeds—from Netherland Dwarf to Flemish Giant—are descendants of the European rabbit. Rabbits are an example of an animal that can be treated as a food, a pet, or a pest by different members of the same culture. In some urban areas, infestations of feral European rabbits (descended from pets) have become a problem. Helsinki, for example, host to one of the northernmost populations of the species, had an estimated 2,500 European rabbits at the end of 2006, doubling to 5,000"
"thousand years ago, while cattle were domesticated about 7.5 thousand years ago. The domestication of bovids has contributed in shifting the dependence of human beings from hunting and gathering to agriculture. The Bovidae include three of the five domesticated mammals whose use has spread outside their original ranges, namely cattle, sheep, and goats; all are from Eurasia, and are now found across the world. The other two species are the horse and pig. Other large bovids that have been domesticated but which remain within the ranges of their wild ancestors are the water buffalo (from the Indian water buffalo), domestic"
"(to the ice age Pleistocene epoch). Adam Brumm, who co-authored the 2014 study dating the paintings, said “The paintings of the wild animals are most fascinating because it is clear they were of particular interest to the artists themselves."" Babirusas are protected in Indonesia and killing them is illegal in most cases. However, hunting remains a significant threat to the babirusa. Additionally, commercial logging operations threaten the babirusa by habitat loss, and also reduce cover, making the babirusa more exposed to hunters. All extant species of babirusa are listed as vulnerable or endangered by the IUCN. Babirusa The babirusas, also"
"a babirusa are capable of easily cracking hard nuts. Male babirusa tend to live solitarily while adult females can be found in groups with young. Groups of female and young babirusa may number up to 84 individuals, most of which contain no adult males. Males rarely travel in pairs or trios. The tusks of the adult males are used in intraspecific fighting. The upper tusks are for defense while the lower tusks are offensive weapons. If a babirusa does not grind its tusks (achievable through regular activity), they can eventually keep growing so as to penetrate the animal's own skull."
"they intentionally released many species into the wild, including the red fox, brown hare, and the European rabbit. Other domestic species have escaped and over time have produced wild populations, including the cat, fallow deer, rusa deer, chital, domestic horse, donkey, pig, domestic goat, water buffalo, and dromedary. Only three species of Australia's non-indigenous placental mammals were not deliberately introduced: the house mouse, black rat and brown rat. Forty-six marine mammals from the order Cetacea are found in Australian coastal waters, but since many of these species have a global distribution, some authors do not consider them Australian species. There"
"are common in Australia. However, in other circumstances where predator pressure is maintained, they may be accommodated into some balance in the local food web. Goat The domestic goat or simply goat (""Capra aegagrus hircus"") is a subspecies of ""C. aegagrus"" domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the goat—antelope subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and have been used for milk, meat,"
"Domestic goose Domestic geese (""Anser anser domesticus"" or ""Anser cygnoides domesticus"") are domesticated grey geese (either greylag geese or swan geese) that are kept by humans as poultry for their meat, eggs, and down feathers since ancient times. In Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, the original domesticated geese are derived from the greylag goose (""Anser anser""). In eastern Asia, the original domesticated geese are derived from the swan goose (""Anser cygnoides""); these are commonly known as Chinese geese. Both have been widely introduced in more recent times, and modern flocks in both areas (and elsewhere, such as Australia and"
"such as jaguar (""Panthera onca""), mantled howler (""Alouatta palliata""), white-fronted capuchin (""Cebus albifrons aequatorialis"") and giant anteater (""Myrmecophaga tridactyla""). The Bilsa center has recorded bats typical of pristine forests including hairy little fruit bat (""Rhinophylla alethina"") and striped hairy-nosed bat (""Mimon crenulatum""), as well as small mammals such as northern naked-tailed armadillo (""Cabassous centralis"") and brown-throated sloth (""Bradypus variegatus""). Other mammals include the endangered brown-headed spider monkey (""Ateles fusciceps fusciceps""), bush dog (""Speothos venaticus""), coati (genus ""Nasua"") and otter. Mammals photographed in the reserve's buffer zone by automatic cameras and published in 2016 included lowland paca (""Cuniculus paca""), northern naked-tailed"
"to Sulawesi, some of the Togian Islands, the Sula Islands and Buru. In Sulawesi, they range from the northern peninsula to the south and south east provinces. Although babirusas are present on both Sulawesi and Sula, they are not found on the large islands between the two, the Banggai Archipelago. It has been hypothesized that the unusual distribution is due to their being transported by humans as gifts bestowed by native royalty. The preferred habitat of babirusa are tropical rainforests along river banks. It appears that they have been confined to the higher grounds in the interior despite occurring in"
"which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic forms"", confirming ""Bos primigenius"" for the aurochs and ""Bos gaurus"" for the gaur. If domesticated cattle and gayal are considered separate species, they are to be named ""Bos taurus"" and ""Bos frontalis""; however, if they are considered part of the same species as their wild relatives, the common species are to be named ""Bos primigenius"" and ""Bos gaurus"". Bos Bos (from Latin ""bōs: cow, ox, bull"") is the genus of wild and domestic cattle. ""Bos"" can be divided into four subgenera: ""Bos"", ""Bibos"", ""Novibos"", and ""Poephagus"", but these divisions"
"humans, but domestication is the permanent genetic modification of a bred lineage that leads to an inherited predisposition toward humans. Human selection included tameness, but domestication is not achieved without a suitable evolutionary response. Domestic animals need not be tame in the behavioral sense, such as the Spanish fighting bull. Wild animals can be tame, such as a hand-raised cheetah. A domestic animal's breeding is controlled by humans and its tameness and tolerance of humans is genetically determined. Thus, an animal bred in captivity is not necessarily domesticated; tigers, gorillas, and polar bears breed readily in captivity but are not"
"Near East and the Indian subcontinent between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago, giving rise to the two major domestic taxa observed today: humpless ""Bos taurus"" (taurine) and humped ""Bos indicus"" (zebu), respectively. This is confirmed by genetic analyses of matrilineal mitochondrial DNA sequences, which reveal a marked differentiation between modern ""B. taurus"" and ""B. indicus"" haplotypes, demonstrating their derivation from two geographically and genetically divergent wild populations. A third domestication event possibly occurred from another form of the aurochs in Africa. The sanga cattle, a zebu-like cattle with no back hump, is commonly believed to originate from crosses between humped"
"gray wolf (""Canis lupus ""), beech marten (""Martes foina""), mountain gazelle (""Gazella gazella""), golden jackal (""Canis aureus""), red fox (""Vulpes vulpes""), European badger (""Meles meles""), Cape hare (""Lepus capensis""), Caucasian squirrel (""Sciurus anomalus""), roe deer (""Capreolus capreolus""), Persian fallow deer (""Dama dama mesopotamica""), wild goat (""Capra aegagrus""), Syrian brown bear (""Ursus arctos syriacus""), Middle East blind mole-rat (""Nannospalax ehrenbergi"") Indian porcupine (""Hystrix indica""), striped hyena (""Hyaena hyaena""), wild cat (""Felis silvestris""), Cape hyrax (""Procavia capensis""). The reserve launched a project to reintroduce the Nubian ibex (""Capra nubiana"") to the area from Jordan, after it was extinct in the mid-twentieth century."
"1,800–2,000 mm in the center, 2,000–2,500 mm in the south and 3,000–4,000 mm in the mountains, at elevation above 500 m. As Buru is located at the boundary between the biogeographic zones of Australia and Asia, its flora and fauna are unique and are the subject of national and international scientific research. Of 25 species of mammals found on the island, at least four are endemic to Buru and closest to it islands. The local species of the wild pig named Buru babirusa (""Babyrousa babyrussa"") is distinguished from the other ""Babyrousa"" species by having relatively long and thick body-hair. It"
"particular interest. Taking into account the context in which these remains were found, the remains could be from wild cattle (""Bos primigenius""), domestic cattle (""B.primigenius"" f. taurus), African buffalo (""Syncerus caffer""), or a giant buffalo species belonging to the genus ""Pelorovis"". Unfortunately the specimens at Bir Kiseiba were not well preserved enough for comparative analysis. However, by referring to the size of the found remains, it is unlikely that the material comes from giant buffalo. The measurements do suggest that these animals were at least as large as wild cattle, but there is not enough information of the sexual dimorphism"
"Bovini The tribe Bovini, or wild cattle are medium to massive bovines that are native to North America, Eurasia, and Africa. These include the enigmatic, antelope-like saola, the African and Asiatic buffalos, and a clade that consists of bison and the wild cattle of the genus ""Bos"". Not only are they the largest members of the subfamily Bovinae, they are the largest species of their family Bovidae. The largest species is either the gaur (""Bos gaurus"") and wild water buffalo (""Bubalus arnee""), both weighing between 700 and 1,200 kilograms. In addition to their massive size, they can be differentiated from"
"Bovini The tribe Bovini, or wild cattle are medium to massive bovines that are native to North America, Eurasia, and Africa. These include the enigmatic, antelope-like saola, the African and Asiatic buffalos, and a clade that consists of bison and the wild cattle of the genus ""Bos"". Not only are they the largest members of the subfamily Bovinae, they are the largest species of their family Bovidae. The largest species is either the gaur (""Bos gaurus"") and wild water buffalo (""Bubalus arnee""), both weighing between 700 and 1,200 kilograms. In addition to their massive size, they can be differentiated from"
"The male is used in East Java, Bali and the surrounding islands in popular vocal competitions; this practice has caused the decline of wild green junglefowl populations. Bekisar The Bekisar, or Ayam Bekisar, is the first generation hybrid offspring of the green junglefowl (""Gallus varius"") and domesticated red junglefowl from Java (""Gallus gallus bankiva""). The roosters have a glossy blackish green plumage and are highly prized for their loud clear calls and striking colouration, while the hens are usually dull and infertile. Bekisars were traditionally used by the original inhabitants of the Sunda Islands as symbolic or spiritual mascots on"
"Goat The domestic goat or simply goat (""Capra aegagrus hircus"") is a subspecies of ""C. aegagrus"" domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the goat—antelope subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and have been used for milk, meat, fur, and skins across much of the world. Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese. Female goats are referred to as ""does"" or"
"raised for meat and eggs: some Galliformes (chicken, turkey, guineafowl) and Anseriformes (waterfowl: duck, goose, swan). Also widely domesticated are cagebirds such as songbirds and parrots; these are kept both for pleasure and for use in research. Domestic pigeon is known as a messenger, research suggests it was domesticated as early as 10,000 years ago. Chickens were domesticated at least 7,000 years ago, with fossils in China from c. 5400 BCE. The chicken's wild ancestor is ""Gallus gallus"", the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia, and another species, probably the grey junglefowl of India. It appears to have been kept initially"
"Dog The domestic dog (""Canis lupus familiaris"" when considered a subspecies of the wolf or ""Canis familiaris"" when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus ""Canis"" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct. The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory"
"2016, several wild boars (""Sus scrofa"") and a female elk/moose (""Alces alces"") entered the reserve through special one-way entrances built into the fences. Several young wild boar/domestic pig hybrids (""Sus scrofa × domesticus"") have also been purchased to be released into the park upon maturing. In 2017, four reindeer (""Rangifer tarandus"") and 73 domestic Pridonskaya goats (a strain of ""Capra aegagrus hircus"") were added. A herd of 20 plains bison (""Bison bison bison"") which was to be delivered in March 2014 by the True Nature Foundation, a European organization for ecological restoration and rewilding, could not be imported due to"
"data on ""B. babyrussa"", it is generally assumed that its habitat and ecology are similar to that of ""B. celebensis"" (north Sulawesi babirusa). Furthermore, as all babirusas were considered conspecific under the scientific name ""B. babyrussa"" until 2001, data collected before that is consistently listed under the name ""B. babyrussa"", though the vast majority actually refers to ""B. celebensis"" (by far the best known species of babirusa). Babirusas tend to occupy tropical rainforests, river banks and various natural ponds rich in water plants. They are omnivorous and feed on various leaves, roots, fruits, invertebrates and small vertebrates. Their jaws and"