"4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and landetimide (via Salethamide). Salicylic acid was one of the original starting materials for making acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in 1897. Bismuth subsalicylate, a salt of bismuth and salicylic acid, is the active ingredient in stomach relief aids such as Pepto-Bismol, is the main ingredient of Kaopectate and ""displays anti-inflammatory action (due to salicylic acid) and also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic"". Other derivatives include methyl salicylate used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers. Salicylic acid has the formula CH(OH)COOH, where"
"1853—a modification of salicylic acid or salicin, a folk remedy found in the bark of the willow plant. By 1899 Bayer's trademark Aspirin was registered worldwide for Bayer's brand of acetylsalicylic acid, but it lost its trademark status in the United States, France and the United Kingdom after the confiscation of Bayer's US assets and trademarks during World War I by the United States, and because of the subsequent widespread usage of the word. The term ""aspirin"" continued to be used in the US, UK and France for all brands of the drug, but it is still a registered trademark"
"""acetylsalicylic acid"" (2-acetoxybenzoic acid) is better known as ""aspirin"" in the United States—a generic term. In Canada, however, ""Aspirin"", with an uppercase A, is still a trademark of the German company Bayer, while aspirin, with a lowercase ""a"", is not. Bayer lost the trademark in the United States, the UK and France after World War I, as part of the Treaty of Versailles. So many copycat products entered the marketplace during the war that it was deemed generic just three years later. Bayer also lost the trademark in the same jurisdictions for ""Heroin"" which it trademarked a year before it"
"to salicylic acid, the active component of willow extract. In 1853, chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt treated sodium salicylate with acetyl chloride to produce acetylsalicylic acid for the first time; in the second half of the nineteenth century, other academic chemists established the compound's chemical structure and devised more efficient methods of synthesis. In 1897, scientists at the drug and dye firm Bayer began investigating acetylsalicylic acid as a less-irritating replacement for standard common salicylate medicines, and identified a new way to synthesize it. By 1899, Bayer had dubbed this drug Aspirin and was selling it around the world. The word"
"acid are known as salicylates. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Salicylic acid as a medication is used most commonly to help remove the outer layer of the skin. As such, it is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne, ringworm, dandruff, and ichthyosis. As with other hydroxy acids, salicylic acid is a key ingredient in many skincare products for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, acanthosis nigricans, ichthyosis and warts. Salicylic acid is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including"
"acid has been in medical use since at least the time of Hippocrates. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. In the United Kingdom 10 ml of a 17% liquid formulation costs the NHS about 1.71 pounds. It is also available mixed with coal tar, zinc oxide, or benzoic acid. Salicylic acid as a medication is used to help remove the outer layer of the skin. As such it is used to treat warts, calluses, psoriasis, dandruff, acne, ringworm, and ichthyosis. Because of its effect"
"the time. The fact that it is tasteless renders it easy to administer. Acetaminosalol Acetaminosalol is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHNO. It is an esterfication product of salicylic acid and paracetamol. It was marketed by Bayer under the brand name Salophen as an analgesic in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In a warm alkaline solution acetaminosalol is broken up into salicylic acid and paracetamol. It is decomposed in the intestines, even when given as an injection. It was used as a substitute for salicylic acid in acute rheumatism, and as an intestinal antiseptic. It was"
"Acetaminosalol Acetaminosalol is an organic compound with the chemical formula CHNO. It is an esterfication product of salicylic acid and paracetamol. It was marketed by Bayer under the brand name Salophen as an analgesic in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In a warm alkaline solution acetaminosalol is broken up into salicylic acid and paracetamol. It is decomposed in the intestines, even when given as an injection. It was used as a substitute for salicylic acid in acute rheumatism, and as an intestinal antiseptic. It was similarly effective and much safer than salol, another intestinal antiseptic commonly used at"
"Peto convinced the U.S. FDA and much of the medical community that the aspirin studies, in aggregate, showed aspirin's effectiveness with relative certainty. By the end of the 1980s, aspirin was widely used as a preventive drug for heart attacks and had regained its former position as the top-selling analgesic in the U.S. History of aspirin The history of aspirin (IUPAC name acetylsalicylic acid ) begins with its synthesis and manufacture in 1899. Before that, salicylic acid had been used medicinally since antiquity. Medicines made from willow and other salicylate-rich plants appear in clay tablets from ancient Sumer as well"
"Vitamin C Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements. Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold. There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the length of colds. It is unclear if supplementation affects the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or dementia. It may be taken by mouth or by injection. Vitamin C is generally well tolerated. Large doses may"
"President of the Royal Society. The letter survives to this day. On publication, the letter was attributed to ""Edmund"" Stone, a clerical error that has caused continuing confusion. A less corrosive compound of salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, produced by reacting sodium salicylate with acetyl chloride, was developed from 1897 by Felix Hoffmann and Arthur Eichengrün. It was marketed by Bayer under the name Aspirin which was registered as a trade name on 23 January 1899. In 1732, after giving a university sermon, Stone engaged in a pamphlet controversy with Thomas Chubb. Over 30 years later he published ""Remarks Upon The"
"Aspirin Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation. Specific inflammatory conditions in which aspirin is used include Kawasaki disease, pericarditis, and rheumatic fever. Aspirin given shortly after a heart attack decreases the risk of death. Aspirin is also used long-term to help prevent further heart attacks, ischaemic strokes, and blood clots in people at high risk. It may also decrease the risk of certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. For pain or fever, effects typically begin within 30 minutes. Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and works similar"
"to thousands of people with cancer. In February 2011, the Swiss Post issued a postage stamp bearing a depiction of a model of a molecule of vitamin C to mark the International Year of Chemistry. Vitamin C Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and -ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. The disease scurvy is prevented and treated with vitamin C-containing foods or dietary supplements. Evidence does not support use in the general population for the prevention of the common cold. There is, however, some evidence that regular use may shorten the"
"Similarly it is used in the production of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), which is prepared by the acetylation of salicylic acid. It is also used as a wood preservative via autoclave impregnation to make a longer-lasting timber. In starch industry, acetic anhydride is a common acetylation compound, used for the production of modified starches (E1414, E1420, E1422) Because of its use for the synthesis of heroin by the diacetylation of morphine, acetic anhydride is listed as a U.S. DEA List II precursor, and restricted in many other countries. Acetic anhydride is an irritant and combustible liquid. Because of its reactivity toward"
"children. he was also able to produce other brands like Alabukun Mentholine and an annual journal called Alabukun Almanac which was widely distributed in Abeokuta and environs between 1920-1950. While producing it, most of its ingredients were gotten from Liverpool in United Kingdom. Alabukun Powder contains acetylsalicylic acid and caffeine as its active ingredients. A packet contains 760 mg of acetylsalicylic acid and 60 mg of caffeine making a total of 820 mg. It is used for host of other things which include migraine, toothache, sore throat, prevention of blood clots, neuralgias, myocardial infarction, transluminal angioplasty and ischaemic attacks. The"
"Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. Acetic acid has 349 kcal per 100 g. Vinegar is typically no less than 4% acetic acid by mass. Legal limits on acetic acid content vary by jurisdiction. Vinegar is used directly as a condiment, and in the pickling of vegetables and other foods. Table vinegar tends to be more diluted (4% to 8% acetic acid), while commercial food pickling employs solutions that are more concentrated. The proportion of acetic acid used worldwide as vinegar is not as large as commercial uses, but is"
"tuberculosis. Like many commercially significant compounds, PAS has many names including ""para""-aminosalicylic acid, ""p""-aminosalicylic acid, 4-ASA, and simply P. 4-Aminosalicylic acid 4-Aminosalicylic acid, also known as ""para""-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is an antibiotic primarily used to treat tuberculosis. Specifically it is used to treat active drug resistant tuberculosis together with other antituberculosis medications. It has also been used as a second line agent to sulfasalazine in people with inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It is typically taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Other side effects may include liver inflammation and"
"Acetic acid (medical use) Acetic acid, which at low concentrations is known as vinegar, is used as a medication to treat a number of conditions. As an eardrop it is used to treat infections of the ear canal. It may be used with an ear wick. As a liquid it is used to flush the bladder in those who have a urinary catheter in an attempt to prevent infection or blockage. As a gel it may be used to adjust the pH of the vagina. It may also be applied to the cervix to help detect cervical cancer during screening."
"the counter in many countries. Acetylcysteine is available as a health supplement in the United States, typically in capsule form. While many antioxidants have been researched to treat a large number of diseases by reducing the negative effect of oxidative stress, acetylcysteine is one of the few that has yielded promising results, and is currently already approved for the treatment of paracetamol overdose. Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine, also known as ""N""-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It can be taken"
"keratolytic, comedolytic and bacteriostatic agent, causing the cells of the epidermis to shed more readily, opening clogged pores and neutralizing bacteria within, preventing pores from clogging up again and allowing room for new cell growth. Historically salicylic acid is known for its ability to ease aches and pains and reduce fevers. These medicinal properties, particularly fever relief, were discovered in ancient times. It has been also used as an anti-inflammatory drug. Medical uses of salicylic acid Salicylic acid is used as a medicine to help remove the outer layer of the skin. As such it is used to treat warts,"
"more effective than salicin and, in addition to its fever-reducing properties, is anti-inflammatory and analgesic. In 1869, Hermann Kolbe synthesised salicylate, although it was too acidic for the gastric mucosa. The reaction used to synthesise aromatic acid from a phenol in the presence of CO2 is known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. By 1897 the German chemist Felix Hoffmann and the Bayer company prompted a new age of pharmacology by converting salicylic acid into acetylsalicylic acid—named aspirin by Heinrich Dreser. Other NSAIDs were developed from the 1950s forward. In 2001, NSAIDs accounted for 70,000,000 prescriptions and 30 billion over-the-counter doses sold"
"was previously marketed. Estriol succinate was introduced for medical use in 1966. ""Estriol succinate"" is the generic name of the drug and its and . Other synonyms include ""oestriol succinate"", ""estriol disuccinate"", and ""estriol hemisuccinate"". When provided as the sodium salt, estriol succinate is known as ""estriol sodium succinate"" () or as ""oestriol sodium succinate"". Estriol succinate has been marketed under brand names including Blissel, Evalon, Gelistrol, Hemostyptanon, Orgastyptin, Ovestin, Sinapause, Styptanon, Synapsa, Synapasa, Synapausa, and Synapause, among others. Estriol sodium succinate has been marketed specifically under the brand names Pausan and Styptanon. Estriol succinate is or has been marketed"
"as salicylic acid in willow bark or arecoline in areca nuts), because the word ""ingredient"" in many minds connotes a sense of human agency (that is, something that a person combines with other substances), whereas the natural products present in plants were not added by any human agency but rather occurred naturally (""a plant doesn't have ingredients""). In contrast with the active ingredients, the inactive ingredients are usually called excipients in pharmaceutical contexts. The main excipient that serves as a medium for conveying the active ingredient is usually called the vehicle. Petrolatum and mineral oil are common vehicles. The dosage"
"and for personal care (""e.g."", bath salts, bath bombs, and cleaning of grease). Citric acid sold in a dry powdered form is commonly sold in markets and groceries as ""sour salt"", due to its physical resemblance to table salt. It has use in culinary applications, as an alternative to vinegar or lemon juice, where a pure acid is needed. Citric acid can be used in food coloring to balance the pH level of a normally basic dye. Citric acid is an excellent chelating agent, binding metals by making them soluble. It is used to remove and discourage the buildup of"
"out a way to synthesize salicylic acid. Throughout the late 1800s use of salicylates grew considerably, and physicians increasingly knew what to expect from these medicines: reduction of pain, fever, and inflammation. However, the unpleasant side effects, particularly gastric irritation, limited their usefulness, as did their intense bitterness. By the 1880s, the German chemical industry, jump-started by the lucrative development of dyes from coal tar, was branching out to investigate the potential of new tar-derived medicines. The turning point was the advent of Kalle & Company's Antifebrine, the branded version of the well-known dye derivative acetanilide—the fever-reducing properties of which"
"Association. Axona is a medical food marketed to assist with dietary management of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Axona is formulated for oral administration and is sold by prescription. The largest ingredient in Axona is caprylic triglyceride, also known as fractionated coconut oil, a medium-chain triglyceride. caprylic triglyceride is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the FDA. A medical food in the US is an official FDA product classification, and was originally defined by Congress as part of the Orphan Drug Amendments of 1988 as ""a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered through a feeding tube under"
"as cranberry and bilberry. Other sources include seafood, such as prawns, and dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt. Sodium benzoate is a preservative, with the E number E211. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), condiments and frogurt toppings. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics. Under these conditions it is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic. Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor"
"as an antacid. Aluminium hydroxide is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH), being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess stomach acid. Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon, and Pepsamar. In 2016 Gaviscon was one of the biggest selling branded over-the-counter medications sold in Great Britain, with sales of £62 million. It reacts with excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminum ions"
"Salicin Salicin is an alcoholic β-glucoside. Salicin is produced in (and named after) willow (""Salix"") bark and acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in the human body. Salicin is also commonly found in the bark of ""Populus"" species, and the leaves of willows and poplars. It is also found in castoreum, which was used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. The activity of castoreum has been credited to the accumulation of salicin from willow trees in the beaver's diet, which is transformed to salicylic acid and has an action very similar to that of aspirin. Salicin was the historical origin of"
"the age of 19. It is used in medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic. Sodium salicylate also acts as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and induces apoptosis in cancer cells and also necrosis. It is also a potential replacement for aspirin for people sensitive to it. It may also be used as a phosphor for the detection of vacuum ultraviolet radiation and electrons. Sodium salicylate Sodium salicylate is a sodium salt of salicylic acid. It can be prepared from sodium phenolate and carbon dioxide under higher temperature and pressure. Historically, it has been synthesized by hydrolysis of methyl salicylate (extracted from"
"25 USD. Acetic acid is more commonly used for external ear infections in the developing world than the developed. Acetic acid may be applied to the cervix to help detect cervical cancer during screening in many areas in the developing world. Acetic acid is applied to the cervix and if an area of white appears after about a minute the test is positive. Acetic acid (medical use) Acetic acid, which at low concentrations is known as vinegar, is used as a medication to treat a number of conditions. As an eardrop it is used to treat infections of the ear"
"phase at high temperatures (although sodium alum is more commonly used for that purpose. Alum was used by bakers in England during the 1800s to make bread whiter. This was theorized by some, including John Snow, to cause rickets. The Sale of Food and Drugs Act 1875 prevented this and other adulterations. Potassium alum, under the name ""alum powder"", is found in the spice section of many grocery stores in the US. Its chief culinary use is in pickling recipes, to preserve and add crispness to fruit and vegetable as a preservative to maintain fruit and vegetable crispness. Potassium alum"
"embonate salt is known as ""amitriptyline embonate"", which is its , or as ""amitriptyline pamoate"" unofficially. As of September 2018, amitriptyline was marketed under many brand names worldwide alone and as a combination drug with each of chlordiazepoxide, perphenazine, and medazepam. Brands include Adepril, ADT, Ambival, Amicon, Amilavil, Amilin, Amiline, Amineurin, Amiplin, Amirol, Amit, Amitin, Amitone, Amitrac, Amitrip, Amitriptilina, Amitriptilino, Amitriptilins, Amitriptine, Amitriptylin, Amitriptyline, Amitriptylinhydrochlorid, Amitriptylini, Amitriptylinum, Amitryp, Amotrip, Amyline, Amypres, Amytril, Amyzol, Anapsique, Arpidox, Deprelio, Elatrol, Elatrolet, Elavil, Endep, Fiorda, Laroxyl, Latilin, Levate, Maxitrip, Maxivalet, Mitryp, Modup, Normaln, Odep, Pinsaun, Polytanol, Protanol, Qualitriptine, Redomex, Saroten, Sarotex, Stelminal, Syneudon, Teperin,"