"Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby Seven Periods with Mr Gormsby is a satirical New Zealand television series, created and written by Danny Mulheron (who also directs and co-produces), Dave Armstrong and Tom Scott. It stars David McPhail as the titular Mr Gormsby, whose politically incorrect attitudes and ""old school"" teaching style clash and contrast with the environment at the fictional Tepapawai High School. The show pokes fun at the New Zealand education system but also at modern New Zealand social attitudes more generally. The series ran for two seasons; the first was broadcast in 2005 on TV ONE in New"
"and tropical areas have climates better described in terms of other seasons, e.g. dry or wet, monsoonal or cyclonic. Cultures may have local names for seasons which have little equivalence to the terms originating in Europe. Meteorologists generally define four seasons in many climatic areas: spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter. These are demarcated by the values of their average temperatures on a monthly basis, with each season lasting three months. The three warmest months are by definition summer, the three coldest months are winter and the intervening gaps are spring and autumn. Spring, when defined in this manner, can"
"regions have two seasons: the ""rainy"", ""wet"", or ""monsoon season"" and the ""dry season"". Some have a third ""cool"", ""mild"", or ""harmattan season"". Seasons often held special significance for agrarian societies, whose lives revolved around planting and harvest times, and the change of seasons was often attended by ritual. In some parts of the world, some other ""seasons"" capture the timing of important ecological events such as ""hurricane season"", ""tornado season"", and ""wildfire season"". The most historically important of these are the three seasons—""flood"", ""growth"", and ""low water""—which were previously defined by the former annual flooding of the Nile in"
"tropics, where seasonal dates also vary, it is more common to speak of the rainy (or wet, or monsoon) season versus the dry season. For example, in Nicaragua the dry season (November to April) is called 'summer' and the rainy season (May to October) is called 'winter', even though it is located in the northern hemisphere. In some tropical areas a three-way division into hot, rainy, and cool season is used. There is no noticeable change in the amount of sunlight at different times of the year. However, many regions (such as the northern Indian ocean) are subject to monsoon"
"regimes as an alternative way to explain expected changes. Humid continental climate A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix ""D"" and a third letter of ""a"" or ""b"") is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters. Precipitation is usually distributed throughout the year. The definition of this climate regarding temperature is as follows: the mean temperature of the coldest month must be below (or ) and there must be at least four months"
"Year A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. The current year is 2019. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked."
"October–March while winter is the 6 month period that is cooler. Group A: Tropical (megathermal) climates This type of climate has every month of the year with an average temperature of or higher, with significant precipitation. Group B: Dry (arid and semiarid) climates This type of climate is defined by little precipitation. Multiply the average annual temperature in Celsius by 20, then add If the annual precipitation is less than 50% of this threshold, the classification is BW (arid: desert climate); if it is in the range of 50%–100% of the threshold, the classification is BS (semi-arid: steppe climate). A"
"climates. Both reflect the supercontinent cycle. It is now a short greenhouse phase of an icehouse world. Periods of icehouse climate: much of Neoproterozoic, late Paleozoic, late Cenozoic. Periods of greenhouse climate: Early Paleozoic, Mesozoic–early Cenozoic. The principal mechanism for evolution is natural selection among diverse populations. As genetic drift occurs more frequently in small populations, diversity is an observed consequence of isolation. Less isolation, and thus less diversification, occurs when the continents are all together, producing both one continent and one ocean with one coast. In Latest Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic times, when the tremendous proliferation of diverse metazoa"
"Some days have special names to mark the change in seasons. The 24 ""sekki"" () are days that divide the solar year into twenty four equal sections. is a collective term for the seasonal days other than the 24 ""sekki"". days are made from dividing the 24 ""sekki"" of a year further by three. These were named based upon the climate of Northern China, so many of the names do not fit in with the climate of Japanese archipelago. But some of these names, such as ""Shunbun"", ""Risshū"" and ""Tōji"", are still used quite frequently in everyday life in Japan."
"the 'high water season') is called ""invierno"" or ""inverno"", though it could occur in the Northern Hemisphere summer; likewise, the 'dry season' (and 'low water season') is called ""verano"" or ""verão"", and can occur in the Northern Hemisphere winter). This type of climate results from the monsoon winds which change direction according to the seasons. In this type of tropical climate, there is a short but distinct dry season. This climate has a driest month (which nearly always occurs at or soon after the ""winter"" solstice for that side of the equator) with rainfall less than 60 mm, but more"
"season (which occurs in summer and autumn) and the dry season (which occurs in winter and spring). From January to May, due to the rains, the weather is warm and wet (likely to occur when there is fog in the morning), while from June to August the climate gets dry with relatively cool nights; in September to December the weather becomes hotter and humid, with the gradual return of rainy conditions from October. This Period during the year is referred to as ""Bro"" by locals as the hottest months end with -bro in Portuguese: ', ', ', and '. A"
"when the eccentricity of the orbit is large. When the obliquity is large, seasonal changes are more extreme. Interglacials are a useful tool for geological mapping and also for anthropologists, as they can be used as a dating method for hominid fossils. Brief periods of milder climate that occurred during the last glacial are called interstadials. Most (not all) interstadials are shorter than interglacials. Interstadial climate may have been relatively warm but this is not necessarily so. Because the colder periods (stadials) have often been very dry, wetter (so not necessarily warmer) periods have been registered in the sedimentary record"
"Season A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight. On Earth, seasons result from Earth's orbit around the Sun and Earth's axial tilt relative to the ecliptic plane. In temperate and polar regions, the seasons are marked by changes in the intensity of sunlight that reaches the Earth's surface, variations of which may cause animals to undergo hibernation or to migrate, and plants to be dormant. During May, June, and July, the Northern Hemisphere is exposed to more direct sunlight because the hemisphere faces the Sun. The same is true"
"climatic types of each of the three physiographic regions differ. The Caribbean lowlands have a tropical wet climate with consistently high temperatures and humidity, and rainfall fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The Pacific lowlands have a tropical wet and dry climate with high temperatures but a distinct dry season from November through April. The interior highlands also have a distinct dry season, but, as is characteristic of a tropical highland climate, temperatures in this region decrease as elevation increases. Unlike in more northerly latitudes, temperatures in the tropics vary primarily with elevation instead of with the season. Land below"
"Autumn Autumn, also known as fall in US English and sometimes in Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons. Autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Southern Hemisphere), when the duration of daylight becomes noticeably shorter and the temperature cools down considerably. One of its main features is the shedding of leaves from deciduous trees. Some cultures regard the autumnal equinox as ""mid-autumn"", while others with a longer temperature lag treat it as the start of autumn. Meteorologists (and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere) use a definition"
"reflecting an interest in the topic. Singularity (climate) A singularity is a weather phenomenon likely to occur with reasonable regularity around a specific approximate calendar date, outside of more general seasonal weather patterns (e.g., that May Day is usually warmer than New Year's Day in northern locales). The existence of singularities is disputed, some considering them due to seeing patterns in noise and statistical artifacts from small samples. In North America, the most significant purported singularities are January thaw (warmer weather around January 25) and Indian summer (warmer weather in mid-autumn). More fanciful ones include the British tradition that rain"
"Singularity (climate) A singularity is a weather phenomenon likely to occur with reasonable regularity around a specific approximate calendar date, outside of more general seasonal weather patterns (e.g., that May Day is usually warmer than New Year's Day in northern locales). The existence of singularities is disputed, some considering them due to seeing patterns in noise and statistical artifacts from small samples. In North America, the most significant purported singularities are January thaw (warmer weather around January 25) and Indian summer (warmer weather in mid-autumn). More fanciful ones include the British tradition that rain on St. Swithun's Day (15 July)"
"are called ""glacial periods"", the warmer periods ""interglacials"", such as the Eemian Stage. Glacials are characterized by cooler and drier climates over most of the earth and large land and sea ice masses extending outward from the poles. Mountain glaciers in otherwise unglaciated areas extend to lower elevations due to a lower snow line. Sea levels drop due to the removal of large volumes of water above sea level in the icecaps. There is evidence that ocean circulation patterns are disrupted by glaciations. Since the earth has significant continental glaciation in the Arctic and Antarctic, we are currently in a"
"autumns are shorter seasons than summers and winters, and feature varied weather with alternating periods of dry, sunny weather and rain. Many days in these seasons are sunny with pleasant rather than warm or cold temperatures. Nights are generally cool, but frosts are rare. Snow can fall in early spring or late fall but usually melt quickly after contact with the ground. At these changeable times of the year, temperature contrasts (up to in extreme cases) can occur within a short time frames due to rapidly changing air masses that sweep across the continent, often accompanied by high winds. Due"
"Americas, Africa, Oceania, and Australia have traditionally defined the seasons ecologically by observing the activity of the plants, animals and weather around them. Each separate tribal group traditionally observes different seasons determined according to local criteria that can vary from the hibernation of polar bears on the arctic tundras to the growing seasons of plants in the tropical rainforests. In Australia, some tribes have up to eight seasons in a year, as do the Sami people in Scandinavia. Many indigenous people who no longer live directly off the land in traditional often nomadic styles, now observe modern methods of seasonal"
"corresponded to today's fall-winter. Three seasons (Assyria) and four seasons (Anatolia) were counted in northerly countries, but in Zagros and Mesopotamia the bipartition of the year seemed natural. As late as 1800 BC, the prognoses for the welfare of the city of Mari, on the middle Euphrates, were taken for six months at a time. The Proto-Kurdish names for bipartition of the year still remain in the Kurdish language, passed down from the ancient Kurds who lived in Zagros. Summer (Tawistan) (seven months), or the land of lightness or the land of the sunshine, and Winter (Zimistan) (five months), or"
"seasons: ""tag-init"" or ""tag-araw"", the hot dry season or summer from March to May; ""tag-ulan"", the rainy season from June to November; and ""tag-lamig"", the cool dry season from December to February. The southwest monsoon (from May to October) is known as the Habagat, and the dry winds of the northeast monsoon (from November to April), the Amihan. Temperatures usually range from to although it can get cooler or hotter depending on the season. The coolest month is January; the warmest is May. The average yearly temperature is around . In considering temperature, location in terms of latitude and longitude"
"After this, comes a monsoon season, also called ""the hurricane season"", which is characterized by high levels of humidity, thunderstorms, short torrential rainfalls, sometimes with hail. This goes from July to October. And finally the cold dry season, referred to as winter. This runs from November to February, with freezing temperatures during the night and a cool climate during the day. Rains during this period are usually mild and fall in the form of showers. Thick fogs often form at this time. The temperature is lower, depending on altitude, varying between 2 or 4 degrees °C from lower to higher"
"Climate pattern A climate pattern is any recurring characteristic of the climate. Climate patterns can last tens of thousands of years, like the glacial and interglacial periods within ice ages, or repeat each year, like monsoons. A climate pattern may come in the form of a regular cycle, like the diurnal cycle or the seasonal cycle; a quasi periodic event, like El Niño; or a highly irregular event, such as a volcanic winter. The regular cycles are generally well understood and may be removed by normalization. For example, graphs which show trends of temperature change will usually have the effects"
"period names called ""biostratigraphic divisions"" in the table, which were defined for Denmark by Iverson based on layers in the peat bogs. They represent climatic and biological zones in the peat. Others have used these names in different senses, such as the 1974 chronozones of J. Mangerud. The sequences in Germany and Sweden are not exactly the same as those in Denmark, inviting scientists there to use the names still differently or make other definitions. Moreover, the names are apt to be used interchangeably for glacials, interglacials, stadial, interstadials, or oscillations, leading some scientists to deplore the lack of system."
"a cycle that lasts approximately 41,000 years. Therefore, with the small tilt variation over time, the Earth has always been thought to have had a seasonal climate, at least in the high latitudes due to the solar affect of changing Earth obliquity. Earth's eccentricity can also play a large role in Earth climate change. The role is perhaps not as large of an impact as Earth's Obliquity, but still large nonetheless. Eccentricity is defined as the difference in shape between an ellipse and a perfect circle. It is also known by a simpler definition as simply being a measurement of"
"rain and wind cycles. Floral and animal activity variation near the equator depends more on wet/dry cycles than seasonal temperature variations, with different species flowering (or emerging from cocoons) at specific times before, during, or after the monsoon season. Thus, the tropics are characterized by numerous ""mini-seasons"" within the larger seasonal blocks of time. In the tropical parts of Australia in the northern parts of Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, wet and dry seasons are observed in addition to or in place of temperate season names. Indigenous people in polar, temperate and tropical climates of northern Eurasia, the"
"of the respective seasons. Because of seasonal lag due to thermal absorption and release by the oceans, regions with a continental climate, which predominate in the Northern Hemisphere, often consider these four dates to be the ""start"" of the seasons as in the diagram, with the cross-quarter days considered seasonal midpoints. The length of these seasons is not uniform because of Earth's elliptical orbit and its different speeds along that orbit. Calendar-based reckoning defines the seasons in absolute rather than relative terms. Accordingly, if floral activity is regularly observed during the coolest quarter of the year in a particular area,"
"further modified, within the Trewartha climate classification system in the middle 1960s (revised in 1980). The Trewartha system sought to create a more refined middle latitude climate zone, which was one of the criticisms of the Köppen system (the C climate group was too broad). The Köppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: ""A"" (tropical), ""B"" (dry), ""C"" (temperate), ""D"" (continental), and ""E"" (polar). The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat. Summers are defined as the 6 month period that is warmer either from April–September and/or"
"Humid continental climate A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix ""D"" and a third letter of ""a"" or ""b"") is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters. Precipitation is usually distributed throughout the year. The definition of this climate regarding temperature is as follows: the mean temperature of the coldest month must be below (or ) and there must be at least four months whose mean temperatures are at or above . In"
"is split across years, just like summer in the Southern Hemisphere. Each calendar year includes parts of two winters. This causes ambiguity in associating a winter with a particular year, e.g. ""Winter 2018"". Solutions for this problem include naming both years, e.g. ""Winter 18/19"", or settling on the year the season starts in or on the year most of its days belong to, which is the later year for most definitions. Ecological reckoning of winter differs from calendar-based by avoiding the use of fixed dates. It is one of six seasons recognized by most ecologists who customarily use the term"
"enjoys a cool inland version of a humid continental climate (""Dfb"") with rather balanced temperatures year round and rare deep negative extremes. Lying in a rainshadow causes relatively low precipitations, vastly in form of rain (539 mm/annum). There are four distinctive seasons with cold and wet winter starting in late November and ending abruptly in the first half of March, changing into much sunnier and warmer spring which ends during May. Local summer, sunny, warm and wet, then continues up to its end in the first half of September. Autumn, rapidly cooling and much drier lasts into the end of"
"period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical time period is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. The climate change referred to may be due to natural causes, e.g., changes in the sun's output, or due human activities, e.g., changing the composition of the atmosphere. Any human-induced changes in climate will occur against the “background” of natural climatic variations (see attribution of recent climate change for more information). The atmosphere is an international public good and GHG emissions are an international externality (Goldemberg ""et al."", 1996:,21, 28, 43). Each individual's or"