"1945, when the German forces in Italy surrendered. Nearly half a million Italians (including civilians) died in the conflict, and the Italian economy had been all but destroyed; per capita income in 1944 was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century. Italy became a republic after a referendum held on 2 June 1946, a day celebrated since as Republic Day. This was also the first time that Italian women were entitled to vote. Victor Emmanuel III's son, Umberto II, was forced to abdicate and exiled. The Republican Constitution was approved on 1 January 1948. Under the"
"Festa della Repubblica Festa della Repubblica (; in English, ""Republic Day"") is the Italian National Day and Republic Day, which is celebrated on 2 June each year. The day commemorates the institutional referendum held by universal suffrage in 1946, in which the Italian people were called to the polls to decide on the form of government, following the Second World War and the fall of Fascism. With 12,717,923 votes for a republic and 10,719,284 for the monarchy, the male descendants of the House of Savoy were sent into exile. To commemorate it, a grand military parade is held in central"
"of the anniversary of both the Republic and the Unification of Italy have also seen mobile and air columns go past the tribune. The parade ends with a flyby of the Frecce Tricolori aerobactic team in the colors of the Flag of Italy. The parade of 2017 ended with the playing of Il Canto degli Italiani to mark the 150th anniversary since it was composed. Festa della Repubblica Festa della Repubblica (; in English, ""Republic Day"") is the Italian National Day and Republic Day, which is celebrated on 2 June each year. The day commemorates the institutional referendum held by"
"creation of the Italian Republic, which was followed by the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic in 1948. The actual date was chosen in 1946, and in most Italian cities, marches and parades are organised to commemorate the event. On 22 April 1946, the ""Disposizioni in materia di ricorrenze festive"" (""Provisions on festive occasions"") decree created the national holiday. The bill states that ""Per celebrare la totale liberazione del territorio italiano, il 25 aprile 1946 è dichiarato festa nazionale"" (""In celebration of the total liberation of the Italian territory, 25 April 1946 is declared a national holiday""). On 27"
"has been an holiday until 1976. From 1977, during austerity, it became a moveable feast according to the calendar reform of national holidays introduced by law n. 54 of 5 March 1977, and celebrations occurred every first Sunday of November. During 1980s and 1990s, its importance declined but in 2000s, thanks to the impulse given by former president of the republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, who has been a main protagonist of a general valorization of Italian national symbols, the holiday gained more widespread celebrations. On November 4 and the days shortly before, highest charges of the Republic pay homage to"
"Napoleonic Italian Republic, on a field of blue charged with the coat of arms of Italy in gold. On 31 December 1996, legislation was passed (""legge no. 671"") instituting 7 January as national flag day, known as ""Festa del Tricolore"", and was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana three days later. Its purpose was to celebrate the bicentennial of the establishment of the Italian flag on 7 January 1797. The most important of these celebrations is that at the Sala del Tricolore (""Room of the tricolour"") in the commune palace of Reggio Emilia, and a solemn changing of"
"April 1929, the Savoy lions were replaced by Mussolini with fasces from the National Fascist Party shield. After his dismissal and arrest on 25 July 1943 however, the earlier version was briefly restored until the emblem of the new ""Repubblica Italiana"" was adopted, after the institutional referendum on the form of the state, held on 2 June 1946. This is celebrated in Italy as Festa della Repubblica. The arms of the short-lived Nazi state in northern Italy, the ""Repubblica Sociale Italiana"" (Italian Social Republic), or ""Republic of Salò"" as it was commonly known, was that of the governing Republican Fascist"
"Rome, presided over by the President of the Italian Republic in his role as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. The Prime Minister, formally known as the President of the Council of Ministers, and other high officers of state also attend. There are important celebrations in all the Italian embassies and foreign heads of state are invited. Even though the main parade is in Rome, many Italian cities celebrate the day as well. Prior to the foundation of the Republic, the Italian national day was the first Sunday in June, anniversary of the granting of the Statuto Albertino. From 1977"
"Public holidays in Italy The following days are public holidays in Italy: In addition each city or town celebrates a public holiday on the occasion of the festival of the local patron saint: for example, Rome - 29 June (SS. Peter and Paul), Milan - 7 December (S. Ambrose). In South Tyrol, the holiday is instead on Whit Monday (which is also a public holiday in North Tyrol and the rest of German-speaking Europe). Public holidays and local saints' days are not transferred when they fall on a weekend. The number of working days given over to public holidays therefore"
"Republic Day A Republic Day is a holiday to commemorate the day when a country became a republic. In some countries, it is known as National Day or Proclamation Day, or by some other sort of name. India gained its independence on 15 August 1947, after which the process of preparing a constitution was started. The Constitution was passed on 26 November 1949 in the Constituent Assembly. It was adopted on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system. 26 January was selected, because it was this day in 1930 when the Declaration of Indian Independence was passed. India achieved"
"the change of guards, at the Quirinal Palace, with Corazzieri and the fanfare of 4th Carabinieri Cavalry Regiment in high uniform. This rite occurs only in other two occasions, during celebrations of Tricolour Day (January 7) and Republic Day (June 2). The Italian Army Forces usually open the barracks to the public and allow visits to the naval military units. Arms showings and exhibitions about WWI are often held inside barracks. There are often sport demonstrations and exercise carried by soldiers. In squares of the main Italian cities, concerts are held by military bands, as well as other celebrations in"
"the Republic of Ireland; however, they are commonly smuggled in from Northern Ireland where they are legal. Bonfires are frequently built around Halloween. Trick-or-treating is popular amongst children on 31 October and Halloween parties and events are commonplace. In Italy All Saints' Day is a public holiday. On 1 November, ""Tutti i Morti"" or All Souls' Day, families remember loved ones who have died. These are still the main holidays. In some Italian tradition, children would awake on the morning of All Saints or All Souls to find small gifts from their deceased ancestors. In Sardinia, ""Concas de Mortu"" (Head"
"debate was accelerated in the spring of 1946. The political campaign for the referendum was framed by incidents, especially in northern Italy, where monarchists were attacked by both republicans and post-fascists of the Italian Social Republic. Following a second decree (""decreto legge luogotenenziale 16 marzo 1946, n. 98""), during the government of De Gasperi, a referendum was held on 2 June and 3 June 1946 (2 June later was named as a national holiday). The question was as simple as possible: Republic or Monarchy. South Tyrol and the areas of Trieste and Gorizia didn't take part in the referendum. Following"
"summer. Average winter temperatures vary from on the Alps to Italy has been a unitary parliamentary republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum. The President of Italy (""Presidente della Repubblica""), currently Sergio Mattarella since 2015, is Italy's head of state. The President is elected for a single seven years mandate by the Parliament of Italy and some regional voters in joint session. Italy has a written democratic constitution, resulting from the work of a Constituent Assembly formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and"
"soldiers to insubordination. National Unity and Armed Forces Day The National Unity and Armed Forces Day is an Italian national day since 1919 which commemorates the victory in World War I. It's celebrated every 4 November, in the same day when armistice of Villa Giusti became effective in 1918 declaring Austria-Hungary's surrender. Established in 1919, November 4th is the only Italian national holiday which has gone through decades of Italian history: from the liberal period to the fascism and the republican Italy. In 1921, during the National Unity and Armed Forces Day, the Unknown Soldier (""Milite Ignoto"") has been solemnly"
"Ferragosto Ferragosto is a public holiday celebrated on 15 August in Italy, Ticino, and San Marino. It coincides with the major Catholic feast of the Assumption of Mary. By metonymy, it is also the summer vacation period around mid-August, which may be a long weekend (""ponte di ferragosto"") or most of August. The ""Feriae Augusti"" (""Festivals [Holidays] of the Emperor Augustus"") were introduced by the emperor Augustus in 18 BCE. This was an addition to earlier ancient Roman festivals which fell in the same month, such as the ""Vinalia rustica"" or the ""Consualia"", which celebrated the harvest and the end"
"summer holidays from mid June up to the second week of September, except for students taking final exams in Middle and Superior schools, as those exams can go on until mid July. Christmas holidays start on December 23 and end on the first or second working day after January 6;the summer holidays in Italy about 12 weeks, other holidays include one week around Easter as well as one day on December 8 (Feast of the Immaculate Conception), two days for October 31 and November 1 (All Saints), the national holidays of April 25 (Liberation day) and June 2 (Republic Day),"
"notte della Repubblica"". La notte della Repubblica La notte della Repubblica (""The night of the Republic"") was a TV programme presented by Sergio Zavoli, broadcast by the Italian public TV channel Rai 2. The programme ran from 12 December 1989 (20th anniversary of Piazza Fontana bombing) to 11 April 1990; the first episode was broadcast on Tuesday, second on Monday, while other episodes were aired every Wednesday evening. The programme told of Italy during the Years of Lead, with movies, interviews with some protagonists of the period and final discussion. In 1992 the material broadcast on television was transcribed in"
"National Unity and Armed Forces Day The National Unity and Armed Forces Day is an Italian national day since 1919 which commemorates the victory in World War I. It's celebrated every 4 November, in the same day when armistice of Villa Giusti became effective in 1918 declaring Austria-Hungary's surrender. Established in 1919, November 4th is the only Italian national holiday which has gone through decades of Italian history: from the liberal period to the fascism and the republican Italy. In 1921, during the National Unity and Armed Forces Day, the Unknown Soldier (""Milite Ignoto"") has been solemnly buried at the"
"Republic Day on June 2, the Changing of the Guard at the Quirinal Palace is performed in its solemn form by the Corazzieri Regiment and by the mounted band of the Carabinieri 4th Cavalry Regiment, with the guards wearing their ceremonial dress uniforms and riding horses. Every other day the Changing of the Guard takes place at the same hour, 18:00 during the summer and 16:00 for the rest of the year, and involves a military band from every service branch of the Italian Armed Forces and/or the State Police and other services (Vigili del Fuoco, Foresty Corps and Prisons"
"varies year by year. The following days are not public holidays, but are nevertheless established by law: Public holidays in Italy The following days are public holidays in Italy: In addition each city or town celebrates a public holiday on the occasion of the festival of the local patron saint: for example, Rome - 29 June (SS. Peter and Paul), Milan - 7 December (S. Ambrose). In South Tyrol, the holiday is instead on Whit Monday (which is also a public holiday in North Tyrol and the rest of German-speaking Europe). Public holidays and local saints' days are not transferred"
"to replace the May holiday with one on April 24 commemorating the 1916 Rising; in fact the proposal was for an extra holiday. The first May Day celebration in Italy took place in 1890. It started initially as an attempt to celebrate workers' achievements in their struggle for their rights and for better social and economic conditions. It was abolished under the Fascist regime and immediately restored after the Second World War. (During the fascist period, a ""Holiday of the Italian Labour"" () was celebrated on 21 April, the date of , when ancient Rome was allegedly founded.) May Day"
"bags of ashes. The Assumption of Mary coincides with ""Ferragosto"" on 15 August, the summer vacation period which may be a long weekend or most of the month. Each city or town also celebrates a public holiday on the occasion of the festival of the local patron saint, for example: Rome on 29 June (Saints Peter and Paul) and Milan on 7 December (S. Ambrose). There are many festivals and festivities in Italy. Some of them include the Palio di Siena horse race, Holy Week rites, Saracen Joust of Arezzo, Saint Ubaldo Day in Gubbio, Giostra della Quintana in Foligno,"
"Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month is celebrated by proclamation of the President and Congress in the United States to honor the achievements and contributions of Italian immigrants and their descendants living in the United States. It was first celebrated in 1989. The heritage month is in October to coincide with Columbus Day, the American national holiday traditionally celebrated on October 12, now celebrated on the second Monday in October. Heritage Months are usually proclaimed by nations to celebrate centuries of contributions by a group to a country. In tribute to all Italian Americans, the US"
"are included, the height reaches . It has a total area of 17,550 square metres. The monument holds great national significance. It is an architectonic and artistic tribute to the Italian Risorgimento: the complex process of unification undertook by Victor Emmanuel II throughout the second half of the 19th Century. It is regarded as a national symbol of Italy and every year it hosts important national celebrations. The largest annual celebrations are Liberation Day (April 25th), Republic Day (Italian: """"Festa della Repubblica Italiana"""") (June 2nd), and Armed Forces Day (Italian: """"Giornata dell'Unità Nazionale e delle Forze Armate"""") (November 4th). During"
"Italian Social Republic (or Salò Republic), three days after the Germans occupied Rome on 10 September 1943, Ferri bluffed his way back into the research facility at Guidonia, destroyed the vital equipment and filled a fruit crate with documents of his research before escaping underground. He secluded his wife and family near his home in Fiastra, in the Marche region of the Apennine Mountains (they later were moved on to an Adriatic fishing village), and in October 1943, organized with his brother, Giuseppe Ferri, the ""Banda Fiastra"" band of partisans. For the next year he coordinated attacks of the regions"
"To this day the monument hosts major national parades and celebrations such as Liberation Day (April 25th), Republic Day (Italian: """"Festa della Repubblica Italiana"""") (June 2nd), and Armed Forces Day(Italian: """"Giornata dell'Unità Nazionale e delle Forze Armate"""") (November 4th). The monument holds the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier with an eternal flame, built under the statue of goddess Roma after World War I following an idea of General Giulio Douhet. The body of the unknown soldier was chosen on 26 October 1921 from among 11 unknown remains by Maria Bergamas, a woman from Gradisca d'Isonzo whose only child was killed"
"Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic (, ; RSI), popularly and historically known as the Republic of Salò ( ), was a German puppet state with limited recognition that was created during the later part of World War II, existing from the beginning of German occupation of Italy in September 1943 until the surrender of German troops in Italy in May 1945. The Italian Social Republic was the second and last incarnation of the Italian Fascist state and was led by ""Duce"" Benito Mussolini and his reformed anti-monarchist Republican Fascist Party which tried to modernise and revise fascist doctrine"
"Day. In [[Italy]], according to the Roman Catholic tradition, Father's Day is celebrated on Saint Joseph's Day, commonly called Feast of Saint Joseph (""Festa di San Giuseppe""), March 19. It was a public holiday until 1977. In Japan, Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday of June and is not a public holiday. Kazakhstan continues the Soviet Union's tradition of celebrating Defender of the Fatherland Day instead of Father's Day like in Russia and other former soviet countries. It is usually called ""Man's Day"" and it is considered equivalent of Father's Day. It is still celebrated on February 23."
"Feast of Saint Mark The Feast of Saint Mark commemorates Mark the Evangelist and takes place on April 25. The 25th of April is national holiday throughout Italy, though not as Saint Mark's Day, but as anniversary of the liberation of Italy from the Nazi-Fascists in World War II (25 April 1945). In Tresnuraghes, a small village in Sardinia (Italy), a traditional Sardinian feast is held. Local shepherd families in this predominantly pastoral community offer sheep and oversee cooking them in a gesture of thanks to Providence. Other families offer bread as thanksgiving or for favors desired. Hundreds of people,"
"Carabinieri also have their own distinctive coats of arms as do each of the municipalities, provinces and regions of Italy. Emblem of Italy The emblem of the Italian Republic () was formally adopted by the newly formed Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. Although often referred to as a coat of arms (or in Italian), it is technically an emblem as it was not designed to conform to traditional heraldic rules. The emblem comprises a white five-pointed star, with a thin red border, superimposed upon a five-spoked cogwheel, standing between an olive branch to the left side and an oak"
"Republic so became one of the constituent countries of the Cisalpine Republic, established on 29 June 1797. The French troops under General Bareguey entered Bergamo on Christmas Day of 1796, without a fight, according to the Venetian podestà, Count Ottolini, who had agreed to the withdrawal of the Venetian troops. On 12 March 1797 was proclaimed the Republic of Bergamo. Ottolini, threatened with arrest, left for Brescia, while the new municipality was being elected, consisting of 24 persons, who also established a semblance of an army. Two days later the Republic voted to be annexed to the Cispadane Republic, and"
"Emblem of Italy The emblem of the Italian Republic () was formally adopted by the newly formed Italian Republic on 5 May 1948. Although often referred to as a coat of arms (or in Italian), it is technically an emblem as it was not designed to conform to traditional heraldic rules. The emblem comprises a white five-pointed star, with a thin red border, superimposed upon a five-spoked cogwheel, standing between an olive branch to the left side and an oak branch to the right side; the branches are in turn bound together by a red ribbon with the inscription """""