"Ariana (name) Ariana is a feminine Persian name, popular in many languages. Arianna and Ariane are the two most common variations. The name ""Ariana"" has the several possible following origins. Ariana, the Latinized form of (Greek: ἡ 'Αρειανή/Arianē), was also a general geographical term used by some Greek and Roman authors of antiquity for an extensive territory in Central Asia, east of Persia and west of India, broadly covering modern Pakistan and Afghanistan. The name of Iran (Persia) originates from the Sanskrit word Aryānā (Ariana) meaning ""The Land of the Aryans"". The name ""Arianna"" is also the Latinized form of"
"(especially Indra) and followed Vedic culture (e.g. performance of sacrifice, Yajna). The Sanskrit term comes from proto-Indo-Iranian *arya- or *aryo-, the name used by the Indo-Iranians to designate themselves. The Zend ""airya"" 'venerable' and Old Persian ""ariya"" are also derivates of ""*aryo-"", and are also self-designations. In Iranian languages, the original self-identifier lives on in ethnic names like ""Alans"" and ""Iron"". Similarly, the name of Iran is the Persian word for land/place of the Aryans. The Proto-Indo-Iranian term is hypothesized to have proto-Indo-European origins, while according to Szemerényi it is probably a Near-Eastern loanword from the Ugaritic ""ary"", kinsmen. It"
"Airyanem Vaejah ""'Airyanem Vaejah""; Avestan: ""𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬀 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬵‎"" ""airiiana vaējah"", approximately “expanse of the Aryans”, i.e. Iranians) is the homeland of the early Iranians and a reference in the Zoroastrian ""Avesta"" (""Vendidad"", Farg. 1) to one of Ahura Mazda's ""sixteen perfect lands."" The Avestan term ""airyanəm vaējah"" is formed from the plural genitive case of ""airya"" and the word ""vaējah"" (whose oft-used nominative case is ""vaējō""). The meaning of ""vaējah"" is uncertain. It may be related to Vedic Sanskrit ""vej/vij"", suggesting the region of a fast-flowing river. It has also been interpreted by some as ""seed"". Avestan ""airya"" is etymologically related"
"The name ""Irān"", meaning ""land of the Aryans"", is the New Persian continuation of the old genitive plural ""aryānām"" (proto-Iranian, meaning ""of the Aryans""), first attested in the Avesta as ""airyānąm"" (the text of which is composed in Avestan, an old Iranian language spoken in northeastern Greater Iran, or in what are now Turkmenistan and Tajikistan). The proto-Iranian term ""aryānām"" is present in the term ""Airyana Vaēǰah"", the homeland of Zoroaster and Zoroastrianism, near the provinces of Sogdiana, Margiana, Bactria, etc., listed in the first chapter of the Vidēvdād. The Avestan evidence is confirmed by Greek sources: Arianē is spoken"
"of democratic reforms. The Armenian National Congress and Heritage have been influential in organizing and leading protests. Between 1 and 5 April 2016, there were renewed clashes between Armenian and Azerbaijani armed forces. (see 2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes). In March 2018, Sargsyan was re-elected Prime Minister, despite opposition protests. After military forces joined the protests on 23 April, Sargsyan resigned his position. Former Prime Minister Karen Karapetyan succeeded Sargsyan as acting Prime Minister. History of Armenia Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat. The original Armenian name for the country was Hayk, later Hayastan (), translated as"
"of peninsular Anatolia, was the previous language isolate speaking Kingdom of Urartu. The borders of Armenia have changed so often that one can only give a rough description of it, such as: to the east up to the confluence of the rivers Kur and Araxes, to the south River Araxes, south of the Kashiari range of mountains up to Nisibis (Mtsbin), to the west the River Euphrates and to the north the Pontus range of mountains, the southern plains of Georgia and the Kur river. Armenians call themselves Hay (pl. Hayk’) and their country Hayastan. The Armenians have called themselves"
"History of Armenia Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat. The original Armenian name for the country was Hayk, later Hayastan (), translated as the land of Haik, and consisting of the name of the ancient Mesopotamian god Haya (ha-ià) and the Persian suffix '-stan' (""land""). The historical enemy of Hayk (the legendary ruler of Armenia), ""Hayastan"", was Bel, or in other words Baal (Akkadian cognate Bēlu). The name Armenia was given to the country by the surrounding states, and it is traditionally derived from Armenak or Aram (the great-grandson of Haik's great-grandson, and another leader"
"scientist Robert Brown, Azawad is an Arabic corruption of the Berber word ""Azawagh"", referring to a dry river basin that covers western Niger, northeastern Mali, and southern Algeria. The name translates to ""land of transhumance"". On 6 April 2012, in a statement posted to its website, the MNLA declared the independence of Azawad from Mali. In this Azawad Declaration of Independence, the name ""Independent State of Azawad"" was used (, , """"). On 26 May, the MNLA and its former co-belligerent Ansar Dine announced a pact in which they would merge to form an Islamist state; according to the media"
"between the Hay ex-royal Houses. Also, Khorenats’i makes Aram the leader of the Hay forces, but he is the only person who mentions Niwkar Madyes and his end, and for the past 1,500 years the prehistory he wrote is the only one which is on most levels a true history of the Armenians, albeit with obvious errors and without a reliable chronology. The ancient Urartian dynasty was succeeded by the Orontid Dynasty, heralding the formation of Armenia. Prehistory of the Armenians The history of Armenia dates back to the 6th century BC Orontid Dynasty The country's name ""Armenia"" is a"
"ruled over the region of Atropatene (present Iranian Azerbaijan). The name ""Atropates"" itself is the Greek transliteration of an Old Iranian, probably Median, compounded name with the meaning ""Protected by the (Holy) Fire"" or ""The Land of the (Holy) Fire"". The Greek name is mentioned by Diodorus Siculus and Strabo. Over the span of millennia the name evolved to ""Āturpātākān"" then to ""Ādharbādhagān"", ""Ādharbāyagān"", ""Āzarbāydjān"" and present-day ""Azerbaijan"". The word is translatable as ""The Treasury"" and ""The Treasurer"" of fire or ""The Land of the Fire"" in Modern Persian. Some critics have argued that the phrase is a reference either"
"BC). The Greek term ""Arianē"" (Latin: """"), a term found in Iranian Avestan ""Airiiana-"" (especially in Airyanem Vaejah, the name of the Iranian peoples' mother country). The modern name ""Iran"" represents a different form of the ancient name ""Ariana"" which derived from Airyanem Vaejah and implies that Iran is “the” Ariana itself – a word found in Old Persian – a view supported by the traditions of the country preserved in the Muslim writers of the ninth and tenth centuries. The Greeks also referred to Haroyum/Haraiva (Herat) as 'Aria', which is one of the many provinces found in Ariana. The"
"Arame’. A minority of scholars had in past times attempted to link the Akkadian terms Armânum or Armanî with Armenia. The first to mention this country's name were the Akkadians as ""Armani"". However, most scholars reject the link with the much later appearing Armenia, placing Aramanum/Armani in the Levant, particularly linking it to the city of Aleppo Additionally, it is known that the earliest affirmed peoples of the region, the Hurrians-Urartians and Hattians spoke language isolates such as Hurrian and Hattic, which were unrelated to Armenian, which is an Indo-European language. The country representing Armenia, the highlands to the east"
"Aryan ""Aryan"" () is a term that was used as a self-designation by Indo-Iranian people. The word was used by the Indic people of the Vedic period in India as an ethnic label for themselves and to refer to the noble class as well as the geographic region known as ""Āryāvarta"", where Indo-Aryan culture is based. The closely related Iranian people also used the term as an ethnic label for themselves in the Avesta scriptures, and the word forms the etymological source of the country name ""Iran"". It was believed in the 19th century that Aryan was also a self-designation"
"form ""Airya"" as a designation for the ""Aryans,"" but Prichard had mistaken ""Aria"" (deriving from OPer. Haravia) as a designation of the ""Aryans"" and associated the ""Aria"" with the place-name ""Ariana"" (Av. Airyana), the homeland of the Aryans. The form ""Aria"" as a designation of the ""Aryans"" was, however, only preserved in the language of the Indo-Aryans. The term ""Aryan"" came to be used as the term for the newly discovered Indo-European languages, and, by extension, the original speakers of those languages. In the 19th century, ""language"" was considered a property of ""ethnicity"", and thus the speakers of the Indo-Iranian"
"evolved, the meaning of ""ar-"" as a self-identifier is preserved in Iranian usage, hence the word ""Iran"". The ""airya"" meant ""Iranian"", and Iranian ""anairya"" meant and means ""non-Iranian"". ""Arya"" may also be found as an ethnonym in Iranian languages, e.g., Alan and Persian ""Iran"" and Ossetian ""Ir/Iron"" The name is itself equivalent to Aryan, where Iran means ""land of the Aryans,"" and has been in use since Sassanid times. The Avesta clearly uses airya/airyan as an ethnic name (Vd. 1; Yt. 13.143-44, etc.), where it appears in expressions such as airyāfi; daiŋˊhāvō ""Iranian lands, peoples"", airyō.šayanəm ""land inhabited by Iranians"","
"no direct reference to Airynem Vaejah. Anthony may, however, provide evidence linking it to four successive Indo-European cultures. Shrikant G. Talageri, in his book """", proposes that Airyam Vaejah was located in Kashmir. Airyanem Vaejah ""'Airyanem Vaejah""; Avestan: ""𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬥𐬀 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬵‎"" ""airiiana vaējah"", approximately “expanse of the Aryans”, i.e. Iranians) is the homeland of the early Iranians and a reference in the Zoroastrian ""Avesta"" (""Vendidad"", Farg. 1) to one of Ahura Mazda's ""sixteen perfect lands."" The Avestan term ""airyanəm vaējah"" is formed from the plural genitive case of ""airya"" and the word ""vaējah"" (whose oft-used nominative case is ""vaējō""). The meaning"
"Aryan descent"": ""ap"" or ""af"" is the same in 'afrashtan' (Persian: افراشتن) to raise; ""air"" is the root meaning Aryan as seen in Iraj, and Eran/Iran (land of Aryan); and ""-ig"" is the suffix of relation in Iranian languages and cognate to '-ic' in English or '-ique' in French. The ancient Iranian kingdom of Khwarazm had been ruled until 995 by the old established line of Afrighids of Kath. Khwarazm, or the classical Chorasmia, was the well irrigated and rich agricultural region of lower Oxus. Surrounded by all sides by steppe land and desert, it was geographically isolated from other"
"Name of Armenia The name ""Armenia"" enters English via Latin, from Ancient Greek . The Armenian endonym for the Armenian people and country is ""hayer"" and ""hayk’"", respectively. The exact etymology of the name is unknown, and there are various speculative attempts to connect it to older toponyms or ethnonyms. The earliest attestations of the exonym ""Armenia"" date around the 6th century BC. In his trilingual Behistun Inscription, Darius I the Great of Persia refers to ""Urashtu"" (in Babylonian) as ""Armina"" (in Old Persian) and ""Harminuya"" (in Elamite). In Greek, ""Armenians"" is attested from about the same time, perhaps the"
"common method. Comets, eclipses, and droughts were considered omens of things to come. The name 'Qin' (pronounced as 'Chin') is believed to be the etymological ancestor of the modern-day European name of the country, China. The word probably made its way into the Indo-Aryan languages first as 'Cina' or 'Sina' and then into Greek and Latin as 'Sinai' or 'Thinai'. It was then transliterated into English and French as 'China' and 'Chine'. This etymology is dismissed by some scholars, who suggest that 'Sina' in Sanskrit evolved much earlier before the Qin dynasty. 'Jin' (pronounced as 'Zhin'), a state controlled by"
"Iran (word) The modern Persian name of Iran () derives immediately from 3rd-century Sassanian Middle Persian (Pahlavi spelling: ""ʼyrʼn""), where it initially meant ""of the Iranians"", but soon also acquired a geographical connotation in the sense of ""(lands inhabited by) Iranians"". In both geographic and demonymic senses, ""ērān"" is distinguished from its antonymic ""anērān"", meaning ""non-Iran(ian)"". In the geographic sense, ""ērān"" was also distinguished from ""ērānšahr"", the Sassanians' own name for their empire, and which also included territories that were not primarily inhabited by ethnic Iranians. The word ""ērān"" is first attested in the inscriptions that accompany the investiture relief"
"Name of Georgia (country) Georgia is the Western exonym for the nation in the Caucasus natively known as Sakartvelo (; , ). The Russian exonym is Gruziya (). The native name is derived from the core central Georgian region of Kartli i.e. Iberia of the Classical and Byzantine sources around which the early medieval cultural and political unity of the Georgians was formed. Both the Western and the Russian exonyms are likely derived from the Persian designation of the Georgians, ""gurğān"", evolving from Middle Persian ""wurğān"" and Old Persian ""varkân"" (𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴) meaning ""land of the wolves"". This is also reflected"
"by Hebrew, as in Ortah. Ice People introduce themselves by describing their genealogy into the remote past ending by saying they are related to a god. Magic that works well in Derlavai will not work well in the Land of the Ice People; the Algarvians learned this to their disadvantage when they tried murdering Kaunians there. The Ice People are the only people known to worship gods, instead of spirits. Roughly, the equivalent of the Rhineland or Austria. Once the southern part of Algarve, it was politically separated at the conclusion of the Six-Year war and given independence under Duke"
"are Georgian inscriptions everywhere dating back to the sixth century,"" he said ""There are no traces of another culture there. After that, I don’t think you need any further proof."" Caucasian Albania Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for an ancient country in the eastern Caucasus, on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located) and southern Dagestan. Its endonym is unknown. The name Albania is derived from the Ancient Greek name and Latin . The prefix ""Caucasian"" is used purely to avoid confusion with modern Albania, which has no geographical or historical connections"
"Caucasian Albania Caucasian Albania is a modern exonym for an ancient country in the eastern Caucasus, on the territory of present-day republic of Azerbaijan (where both of its capitals were located) and southern Dagestan. Its endonym is unknown. The name Albania is derived from the Ancient Greek name and Latin . The prefix ""Caucasian"" is used purely to avoid confusion with modern Albania, which has no geographical or historical connections to Caucasian Albania. Little is known of the region's prehistory, including the origins of Caucasian Albania as a geographical and/or ethnolinguistic concept. In the 1st century BC and the 1st"
"like ""Alans"", ""Iron"". Similarly, The word ""Iran"" is the Persian word for land/place of the Aryan. The word Arianus was used to designate Ariana, the area comprising North-western India, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. In 1601, Philemon Holland used 'Arianes' in his translation of the Latin Arianus to designate the inhabitants of Ariana. This was the first use of the form ""Arian"" verbatim in the English language. In 1844 James Cowles Prichard first designated both the Indians and the Iranians ""Arians"" under the false assumption that the Iranians as well as the Indians self-designated themselves ""Aria"". The Iranians did use the"
"for instance, we read of two islands, named Tyrus or Tylos, and Arad, Bahrain, which boasted that they were the mother country of the Phoenicians, and exhibited relics of Phoenician temples."" The people of Tyre in particular have long maintained Persian Gulf origins, and the similarity in the words ""Tylos"" and ""Tyre"" has been commented upon. However, there is little evidence of occupation at all in Bahrain during the time when such migration had supposedly taken place. With the waning of Seleucid Greek power, Tylos was incorporated into Characene or Mesenian, the state founded in what today is Kuwait by"
"fire'; itself a compound of ""ātūr"" () 'fire' (later garbled into ""ādur"" and then into ""āðar"" (آذر) in (early) New Persian, and is pronounced ""āzar"" today) + ""-pat"" () suffix for -guardian, -lord, -master (""-pat"" in early Middle Persian, ""-bad"" (بَد) in New Persian). Present-day name ""Azerbaijan"" is the Arabicized form of ""Azarbaigān"". The latter is derived from ""Ādurbādagān"", itself ultimately from ""Āturpātakān"" meaning 'the land associated with (satrap) Aturpat' (""-an"", here garbled into ""-kān"" , is a suffix for association or forming adverbs and plurals; e.g.: Gilan 'land associated with Gil people'). The modern ethnonym ""Azerbaijani"" or ""Azeri"" refers"
"name of the mythical land of the Aryans"". In Ardashir's period, the title ""Iran"" was chosen for the region under the Sasanian rule. The idea of ""Iran"" was accepted for both the Zoroastrian and non-Zoroastrian societies in the whole kingdom and the Iranians' collective memory continued and lived on in the various stages and different layers of the Iranian society until the modern period today. What is clear is that the concept of ""Iran"" previously had a religious application and then ended up creating its political face and the concept of a geographical collection of lands. ""Ardashir"" in the New"
"Arran (Caucasus) Arran (Middle Persian form), also known as Aran, Ardhan (in Parthian), Al-Ran (in Arabic), Aghvank and Alvank (in Armenian), (-Ran-i ) or Caucasian Albania (in Latin), was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify the territory which lies within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain, and in the pre-Islamic times, corresponded roughly to the territory of modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The term is the"
"tradition. Some scholars have speculated that Ovid may have read the Pentateuch due to his use of the word ""ararat"" in the ""Metamorphoses"" flood narrative, which describes humanity's suffering the consequences of angering the Roman god Jupiter. The name ""Ayrarat"" that was later used to describe lands located in the central region of the Kingdom of Armenia seems to have been of local usage as no known classical works use this word to refer to Armenia. The Ararat Province of modern Armenia is named after Mount Ararat, which itself receives its name from the biblical Mountains of Ararat (or ""Mountains"
"Arachosia. This connection was at first drawn due to the similarity of Croatian (Croatia - Croatian: Hrvatska, Croats - Croatian: Hrvati / Čakavian dialect: Harvati / Kajkavian dialect: Horvati) and Arachosian name, but other researches indicate that there are also linguistic, cultural, agrobiological and genetic ties. Since Croatia became an independent state in 1991, the Iranian theory gained more popularity, and many scientific papers and books have been published. Arachosia Arachosia is the Hellenized name of an ancient satrapy in the eastern part of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Greco-Bactrian, and Indo-Scythian empires. Arachosia was centred on the Arghandab valley in"
"agreed to cede the area to Turkey in a territorial exchange. The Iran-Turkey boundary skirts east of Lesser Ararat, the lower peak of the Ararat massif. Ararat (sometimes ""Ararad"") is the Greek version of the Hebrew spelling (אֲרָרָט; ""'RRṬ"") of the name Urartu, a kingdom that existed in the Armenian plateau in the 9th–6th centuries BC. German orientalist and Bible critic Wilhelm Gesenius speculated that the word ""Ararat"" came from the Sanskrit word ""Arjanwartah"", meaning ""holy ground."" Some Armenian historians, such as , link the origin of the word ""Ararat"" to the root of the endonym of the indigenous peoples"
"partially southern Dagestan. However, unlike the names of the other two European countries, this name was an exonym given to them by the Romans, as no one knew what these inhabitants called themselves. Compare also the land in Caucasus called Iberia, and the Iberian peninsula in Europe. The Udi people and their language, the Udi language, are descendants of the ancient people of Caucasian Albania. Alba, a Gaelic name for Scotland, may be related to the Greek name of Britain Albion, Latinized as ""Albania"" during the High Medieval period, and later passed into Middle English as Albany. Some recent scholarship"