"Cheshire Plain around the town. ""Nant"" comes from the Welsh for brook or stream. ""Wich"" and ""wych"" are names used to denote brine springs or wells. In 1194 there is a reference to the town as being called ""Nametwihc"", which would indicate it was once the site of a pre-Roman Celtic nemeton or sacred grove. In the Domesday Book, Nantwich is recorded as having eight salt houses. It had a castle and was the capital of a barony of the earls of Chester, and of one of the seven hundreds of medieval Cheshire. Nantwich is one of the few places"
"is likely derived from Sal meaning ""salt"" and weorp which means ""to throw up"" i.e. ""the river which throws up salt"" which overflows from the salt brines. The town is situated on massive deposits of salt, and salt has been extracted there since ancient times. The natural Droitwich brine contains of salt – ten times stronger than sea water and rivalled only by the Dead Sea. During the Roman era the settlement was known as ""Salinae"" and was located at the crossroads of several Roman roads. Railway construction in 1847 revealed Roman mosaic pavements, and later excavations unearthed a Roman"
"Nantwich Nantwich ( ) is a market town and civil parish in Cheshire, England. It is known for having amongst the highest concentrations of listed buildings in England, with particularly good examples of Tudor and Georgian architecture. In 2011, it had a population of 17,424. The origins of the settlement date to Roman times, when salt from Nantwich was used by the Roman garrisons at Chester (Deva Victrix) and Stoke-on-Trent as a preservative and a condiment. Salt has been used in the production of Cheshire cheese and in the tanning industry, both products of the dairy industry based in the"
"19th century mines under Northwich were left with sometimes only 5% of the salt to form the pillars which has since been found to be inadequate. To provide additional support in the 1920s brine was used to flood the mines. However ground movement has been detected and has effectively ceased development in Northwich town centre. The current stabilisation plan involves removing millions of litres of brine from the four mines and replacing it with a mixture of pulverised fuel ash (PFA), cement and salt. The PFA arrives by rail; the cement and salt by road. The grout is mixed at"
"-wich town A ""-""wich"" town"" is a settlement in Anglo-Saxon England characterised by extensive artisanal activity and tradean ""emporium"". The name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon suffix , signifying ""a dwelling or fortified place"". Such settlements were usually coastal and many have left material traces found during excavation. Eilert Ekwall wrote: As well as ""-wich"", ""-"" was the origin of the endings and , as, for example, in Papplewick, Nottinghamshire. Four former ""-""wīc"" towns"" are known in England as the consequence of excavation. Two of theseJorvik (Jorwic) in present-day York and Lundenwic near Londonare waterfront sites, while the other two,"
"trade item, and was considered a form of currency by certain peoples. Many salt roads, such as the via Salaria in Italy, had been established by the Bronze age. All through history, availability of salt has been pivotal to civilization. In Britain, the suffix ""-wich"" in a placename means it was once a source of salt, as in Sandwich and Norwich. The Natron Valley was a key region that supported the Egyptian Empire to its north, because it supplied it with a kind of salt that came to be called by its name, natron. Today, salt is almost universally accessible,"
"New Cheshire Salt Works). In the 19th century it became uneconomical to mine salt, and so solvent extraction using water as a solvent was used. Hot water was pumped through the mines that dissolved the salt and the resultant brine was pumped out and the salt extracted from the brine. This technique was known as ""wild brine pumping"" or ""natural brine pumping"" but weakened mines and led to land subsidence as mines collapsed. The collapse of a number of mines led to salt mining to move to Winsford. There are two chief museums of the industry in the Northwich area,"
"Northwich than just the salt trade. Documentary evidence also exists for a mill from 1332 onwards and there is evidence for more than one mill from 1343. Allied to the extraction of salt was a bulk chemical industry, which became concentrated at the three ICI sites at Winnington, Wallerscote and Lostock. The first industrially practical method for producing polythene was accidentally discovered at the Winnington Laboratory in 1933. Bakers Frank Roberts & Sons have been associated with the town since 1887 and continues to be based near the town at Rudheath on the A556. Two of Frank Roberts & Sons's"
"the River Parrett. One derivation of -wich is thought to be from Latin 'vicus', and there are archaeological indications that there was a settlement at Combwich in the Romano-British period, based around a ferry across the Parrett at this point. The exact meaning of the second element here is, though, uncertain at present, as Old English -wic can have a variety of meanings attributed to it It served as a port for the export of local produce and the import of timber from the 15th century. It also served the local brick and coal yard until the creek silted up"
"57% of the UK market ""From thence runneth Wever down by Nantwich, not far from Middlewich, and so to Northwich. These are very famous Salt-Witches, five or six miles distant, where brine or salt water is drawn out of pits, which they pour not upon wood while it burneth as the ancient Gauls and Germans were wont to do, but boil it over a fire to make salt thereof. Neither doubt I that these were known unto the Romans, and that from hence was usually paid the Custom of Salt, called Salarium. ""For, there went a notable highway from Middlewich"
"was the biggest of the few remaining family-owned salt producers. From the mid-1980s until its closure, it was the only salt works in the UK still to use the natural brine pumping method. After a rock salt bed was discovered north of Northwich in 1670, Northwich swiftly overtook Nantwich and Middlewich to become the largest salt producer in Cheshire. Mining began in the village of Marston in 1781, a few years after the opening of the North Staffordshire (later Trent and Mersey) Canal, which was used to transport the salt. In the 1850s salt works were established in Marston, and"
"and garrisoned by Sir William Brereton for the Parliamentarians. The salt beds beneath Northwich were re-discovered in the 1670s by employees of the local Smith-Barry family. The Smith-Barrys were looking for coal, but instead discovered rock salt, in the grounds of the family home, Marbury Hall, to the north of Northwich. During the 19th century it became uneconomical to mine for the salt. Instead hot water was pumped through the mines, which dissolved the salt. The resultant brine was pumped out and the salt extracted from the brine. This technique weakened the mines and led to land subsidence as they"
"to Congress mentioned a mountain of salt, 180 miles long and 45 wide, supposed to lie near the Missouri River, which would have been of inconceivable value, as a reason for their expedition. During India's independence movement, Mohandas Gandhi organized the Salt Satyagraha protest to demonstrate against the British salt tax. ""Wich"" and ""wych"" are names associated (but not exclusively) with brine springs or wells in England. Originally derived from the Latin ""vicus"", meaning ""place"", by the 11th century use of the 'wich' suffix in placenames was associated with places with a specialised function including that of salt production. Several"
"raided. The site of this cafe was reduced to rubble within months of the last raid, and is now the site of modern flats. History of Worthing Worthing is a large seaside town in Sussex, England in the United Kingdom. The history of the area begins in Prehistoric times and the present importance of the town dates from the 19th century. Within of Worthing's town centre lie four of Britain's 14 confirmed Neolithic flint mines. The oldest of these mines, at Church Hill in Findon, may be one of the earliest known mines in Britain. Thought to date from the"
"History of salt in Middlewich Middlewich, a town in northwest England, lies on the confluence of three rivers – the Dane, the Croco and the Wheelock. Most importantly for the history of salt making, it also lies on the site of a prehistoric brine spring. Following the Roman invasion, Middlewich was named ""Salinae"" on account of the salt deposits around it, as it was one of their major sites of salt production. During this time the Romans built a fort at Harbutts Field (SJ70216696), to the north of the town. including a well and part of a preserved Roman road."
"and part of a preserved Roman road. Salt manufacture has remained one of the principal employers in Middlewich for most of the past 2,000 years. Salt making is mentioned in the Domesday Book, and by the 13th century there were approximately 100 ""wich houses"" packed around the town's two brine pits. By 1908 there were nine industrial scale salt manufacturers in the town, with a number of open pan salt works close to the Trent and Mersey Canal. The origins of the settlement at Nantwich date to Roman times when salt from Nantwich was used by the Roman garrisons at"
"History of Worthing Worthing is a large seaside town in Sussex, England in the United Kingdom. The history of the area begins in Prehistoric times and the present importance of the town dates from the 19th century. Within of Worthing's town centre lie four of Britain's 14 confirmed Neolithic flint mines. The oldest of these mines, at Church Hill in Findon, may be one of the earliest known mines in Britain. Thought to date from the 5th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC, these mines represent some of the oldest mines in Europe, if not the world and predate the"
"celt whilst digging in the town. John Wright Oakes (1820–1887) born at Sproston House, was a landscape painter who exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy. James Hargreaves (1834–1915) was a chemist and inventor, who, along with Thomas Bird, developed a process for the electrolysis of brine using asbestos diaphragms. In 1899, he became director of the newly opened General Electrolytic Alkali Company at Middlewich. Middlewich Middlewich is a town in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. It is east of the city of Chester, east of Winsford, southeast of Northwich and northwest of"
"sell under the name Saxa, and also through third parties e.g. supermarket own brands. Salt produced by British Salt in Middlewich has 57% of the UK market for salt used in cooking. The UK's largest rock salt (halite) mine is at Winsford. It is one of only three places where rock salt is commercially mined in the UK, the others being at Boulby Mine, North Yorkshire and Kilroot near Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland. Rock salt extraction began at Winsford in the 17th century. Initially it was used only as salt licks for animals, and to strengthen weak brine. In 1844 Winsford"
"exhibition are operated by the Canal & River Trust. It is one of only two working boat lifts in the United Kingdom; the other is the Falkirk Wheel in Scotland. Salt has been extracted from rock salt beds underneath the Cheshire Plain since Roman times. By the end of the 17th century a major salt mining industry had developed around the Cheshire ""salt towns"" of Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich and Winsford. Completion of the River Weaver Navigation in 1734 provided a navigable route for transporting salt from Winsford, through Northwich, to Frodsham, where the Weaver joins the River Mersey. In 1759"
"of Worthing, England in December 1841. It was purchased through his South Australian agent, Peter Peachey, who opened a mine there on his behalf in 1843. He first worked the deposit in May 1844. The lode was found to contain 70% lead and 30 ounces of silver per ton. The ore was sold in London for £13 13 shillings per ton. The mine's principle contractor was Thomas Williams, and a team of Cornish miners was employed. The 'wheal' part of the name comes from Cornish, and means 'place of work'. In its first year, the mine employed twelve to eighteen"
"their sources near the village: the River Gwenfro rises on the south side of the village and the Nant-y-Ffrith flows through a wooded valley to the north. The village is built on Cefn-y-fedw sandstone, a type of Millstone Grit from the Carboniferous period. It contains veins of lead ore and various other minerals. Bwlchgwyn has been inhabited since at least the Bronze Age when a hill fort was built there (now destroyed by quarrying). A small Roman fort is also thought to have stood on the highest point of the village, but this too has been lost to quarrying. It"
"Rock Salt Mine was opened, and is claimed by its operator, Salt Union Ltd., to be ""Britain's oldest working mine"". Salt in Cheshire Cheshire is a county in North West England. Rock salt was laid down in this region some 220 million years ago, during the Triassic period. Seawater moved inland from an open sea, creating a chain of shallow salt marshes across what is today the Cheshire basin. As the marshes evaporated, deep deposits of rock salt were formed. A settlement, ""Condate"", was built during Roman times at the current location of Northwich. It is believed that the Romans"
"Silver Spoon sugar is produced. The town is the cultural and retail centre for West Suffolk and tourism is a major part of the economy. The name ""Bury"" is etymologically connected with ""borough"", which has cognates in other Germanic languages such as the German ""burg"" meaning ""fortress, castle""; Old Norse ""borg"" meaning ""wall, castle""; and Gothic ""baurgs"" meaning ""city"". They all derive from Proto-Germanic ""*burgs"" meaning ""fortress"". This in turn derives from the Proto-Indo-European root ""*bhrgh"" meaning ""fortified elevation"", with cognates including Welsh ""bera"" (""stack"") and Sanskrit ""bhrant-"" (""high, elevated building""). The second section of the name refers to Edmund"
"Corieltauvi tribe. The Roman's interest in the Northwich area is thought to be due to the strategic river crossing and the location of the salt brines. Salt was very important in Roman society. The Roman word ""salarium"", linked employment, salt and soldiers, but the exact link is unclear. It is also theorised that this is the basis for the modern word ""salary"". Another theory is that the word soldier itself comes from the Latin ""sal dare"" (to give salt). See ""History of salt"" for further details. There is archaeological evidence of a Roman auxiliary fort within the area of Northwich"
"of North West England 220 million years ago, during the Triassic geological period. Seawater moved inland from an open sea, creating a chain of shallow salt marshes across what is today the Cheshire Basin. As the marshes evaporated, deep deposits of rock salt were formed. Extraction began at Winsford in the 17th century. At first it was used only as salt licks for animals, and to strengthen weak brine. In 1844 Winsford Rock Salt Mine was opened, and is claimed by its operator, Salt Union Ltd., to be ""Britain's oldest working mine"". Salt Union Ltd. is part of the US-owned"
"has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain's greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe. Lying within the borough, the Iron Age hill fort of Cissbury Ring is one of Britain's largest. Worthing means ""(place of) Worth/Worō's people"", from the Old English personal name Worth/Worō (the name means ""valiant one, one who is noble""), and -ingas ""people of"" (reduced to -ing in the modern name). For many centuries Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside"
"to the iron content of the surrounding land. Little Urswick, the smaller of the two settlements, stands further south on the lower slopes of a limestone outcrop known as Bolton Heads. A number of explanations have been suggested for Urswick's name. The '-wick' element is perhaps from the Old English ""wic"" meaning 'farm' or 'trading centre', an element commonly found in settlements on or near Roman roads (see below). It has been suggested that the first element may mean 'bison lake' from Old English ""ur"" + ""sǣ"" . However, an alternative explanation has been proposed which incorporates the first definite"
"to valuable minerals which have been mined (e.g. in the Bonsall area), particularly for lead. A very rare lead halide mineral called Matlockite was first discovered at nearby Bage Mine in the early 1800s, and is named after the town. The route of the River Derwent downstream (south) of Matlock is especially interesting to geologists in that it appears to have cut its way through a limestone gorge below High Tor (120m above river level), rather than follow the ""simpler"" way to the east. It is thought that landslips and/or glaciation may have had an influence over how the present"
"Pitsmoor Pitsmoor is a former village, now a suburb of Sheffield. The name derives from ""Or-pits"" as, anciently, the main local industry was the mining of ore. The village falls within the Burngreave ward of the City. In 1906, thirteen Roman coins were found in the suburb. In the late Middle Ages, the Duke of Norfolk was the lord of the manor and owned the large woods surrounding it, now almost all covered by housing. A coal mine was developed, with its entrance on what later became Grimesthorpe Road. Its outflow ran by the side of the lane as far"
"named the uranium-bearing mineral davidite after geologist and Antarctic explorer, Sir Edgeworth David. The mine was initially called ""Smith's Carnotite Mine"" (a similar uranium-bearing mineral) and in September 1906 Mawson proposed the name ""Radium Hill"". Smith worked the mine for the next two years before allowing the lease to lapse. Adjoining leases stretched for along the lode, with one being half-owned by Mawson. The Radium Hill Company took over the lease in 1908 and more shafts were sunk. Ore concentrate was transferred to refineries in New South Wales and Victoria. Radium had reached a price of ₤13,000 per gram in"
"east and southeast by a series of faults of which the most significant is the Red Rock Fault. Numerous faults trend north-south through the basin, some of which help to define the series of hills which are known collectively as the Mid Cheshire Ridge. The basin was flooded on several occasions in the Permian and early Triassic periods resulting in the laying down of massive halite (salt) beds. These beds have been mined both by cavern working and hot water brine extraction for over 200 years, mainly in the area around Northwich. The collapse of some of these worked-out halite"
"Thwaite (placename element) Thwaite is a common element of placenames in North West England, and Yorkshire. It is also found elsewhere in England, including two places called Thwaite in Norfolk and one in Suffolk. It is most often found as a suffix. It is a common element of field names, as well as settlement names. The name is usually from Old Norse ""thveit"" (also written ""þveit""), but sometimes from Old Danish ""thwēt"", both meaning ""clearing"" or ""meadow"". Nevertheless, in England the name does not necessarily indicate a place of Scandinavian or Norman foundation, because it is often found in combination"