"and energy markets, banking in Iran, commerce and tourism, and the latest news from Tehran Stock Exchange. ""Donya-e-Eqtesad"" also publishes special reports on transportation and agriculture and covers the latest developments in oil exploration and exploitation operations as well as other related economic subjects. Donya-e-Eqtesad Donya-e-Eqtesad ( meaning ""World of Economics"" in Persian) is a daily newspaper. ""Donya-e-Eqtesad"" was founded in October 2002, and it has been published and circulated in Iran since then. This economic daily is among the most circulated newspapers in Iran. Donya-e-Eqtesad is considered to be an advocate of free markets, and does not have any"
"decay scheme of Co above, the angular momenta and the parities of the various states are shown (A plus sign means even parity, a minus sign means odd parity). Consider the 1.33 MeV transition to the ground state. Clearly, this must carry away an angular momentum of 2, without change of parity. It is therefore an E2 transition. The case of the 1.17 MeV transition is a bit more complex: going from ""J"" = 4 to ""J"" = 2, all values of angular momentum from 2 to 6 could be emitted. But in practice, the smallest values are most likely,"
"MPGES-2 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) or Prostaglandin E synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans encoded by the ""PTGES2"" gene located on chromosome 9. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been shown to activate the transcription regulated by a gamma-interferon-activated transcription element (GATE). Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type-2 (mPTGES2) has been crystallized with an anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (IMN). The N-terminal of mPTGES2 is attached to the lipid membrane and"
"Cyclin E Cyclin E is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin E binds to G phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G to S phase of the cell cycle that determines initiation of DNA duplication. The Cyclin E/CDK2 complex phosphorylates p27 (an inhibitor of Cyclin D), tagging it for degradation, thus promoting expression of Cyclin A, allowing progression to S phase. Like all cyclin family members, cyclin E forms a complex with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2). Cyclin E/CDK2 regulates multiple cellular processes by phosphorylating numerous downstream proteins. Cyclin E/CDK2 plays a critical role in the G1 phase"
"MAP2K2 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ""MAP2K2"" gene. It is more commonly known as MEK2, but has many alternative names including CFC4, MKK2, MAPKK2 and PRKMK2. The protein encoded by this gene is a dual specificity protein kinase that belongs to the MAP kinase kinase family. This kinase is known to play a critical role in mitogen growth factor signal transduction. It phosphorylates and thus activates MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. The activation of this kinase itself is dependent on the Ser/Thr phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinase kinases. The inhibition"
"the functional ""MC1R"" gene (""E""/""E"" or ""E/E"") and must have one of the following genotypes at the Agouti locus: ""A/A"" or ""A/a"". One protein with an important role in eumelanin production is Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). The gene which encodes a functional MC1R protein occupies the ""Extension"" locus, or chromosomal position, and is symbolized by the capital ""E"". A mutation, or change, in the equine MC1R gene, that resulted in a non-functioning MC1R protein, was identified in 1996. This form of the gene is symbolized by the lowercase ""e"" or sometimes ""E"". Since each horse has two copies of the"
"MARK2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ""MARK2"" gene. EMK (ELKL Motif Kinase) is a small family of ser/thr protein kinases involved in the control of cell polarity, microtubule stability and cancer. Several cDNA clones have been isolated that encoded two isoforms of the human ser/thr protein kinase EMK1. These isoforms were characterized by the presence of a 162-bp alternative exon that gave rise to two forms, one containing the exon and the other one lacking it. Both forms were found to be coexpressed in a number of selected cell lines and tissue"
"EC50 Half maximal effective concentration (EC) refers to the concentration of a drug, antibody or toxicant which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time. It is commonly used as a measure of a drug's potency. EC is expressed in molar units (M), where 1 M is equivalent to 1 mol/L. The EC of a ""graded"" dose response curve therefore represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of its maximal effect is observed. The EC of a ""quantal"" dose response curve represents the concentration of a compound where 50% of the population exhibit"
"MEF2C Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C also known as MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""MEF2C"" gene. MEF2C is a transcription factor in the Mef2 family. The gene is located at 5q14.3 on the minus (Crick) strand and is 200,723 bases in length. The encoded protein has 473 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 51.221 kiloDaltons. Three isoforms have been identified. Several post translational modifications have been identified including phosphorylation on serine-59 and serine-396, sumoylation on lysine-391, acetylation on lysine-4 and proteolytic cleavage. MEF2C has been shown"
"EFCBP2 N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""NECAB2"" gene. Model organisms have been used in the study of NECAB2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ""Necab2"" was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice but no significant abnormalities were observed."
"EFCBP2 N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""NECAB2"" gene. Model organisms have been used in the study of NECAB2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ""Necab2"" was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice but no significant abnormalities were observed."
"also a useful prognostic marker for lung cancer. There is significant association between cyclin E over-expression and the prognosis of lung cancer. It is believed increased expression of cyclin E correlated with poorer prognosis. Cyclin E Cyclin E is a member of the cyclin family. Cyclin E binds to G phase Cdk2, which is required for the transition from G to S phase of the cell cycle that determines initiation of DNA duplication. The Cyclin E/CDK2 complex phosphorylates p27 (an inhibitor of Cyclin D), tagging it for degradation, thus promoting expression of Cyclin A, allowing progression to S phase. Like"
"Matrix metallopeptidase 12 Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) also known as macrophage metalloelastase (MME) or macrophage elastase (ME) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ""MMP12"" gene. Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins. The prodomain is cleaved by extracellular proteinases when the enzyme is activated. The active enzyme is constituted by two domains, the catalytic domain resposnsible for its enzymatic"
"EMR2 EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 2 also known as CD312 (cluster of differentiation 312) is a protein encoded by the ""ADGRE2"" gene. EMR2 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family. Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain. EMR2 is expressed by monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells and all types of granulocytes. In the case of EMR2 the N-terminal domains consist of alternatively spliced epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domains. EMR2 is closely related to CD97 with 97%"
"E2F E2F is a group of genes that codifies a family of transcription factors (TF) in higher eukaryotes. Three of them are activators: E2F1, 2 and E2F3a. Six others act as suppressors: E2F3b, E2F4-8. All of them are involved in the cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. E2Fs as TFs bind to the TTTCCCGC (or slight variations of this sequence) consensus binding site in the target promoter sequence. Schematic diagram of the amino acid sequences of E2F family members (N-terminus to the left, C-terminus to the right) highlighting the relative locations of functional domains within each"
"EFHC2 EF-hand domain (C-terminal) containing 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFHC2 gene. ""EFHC2"" is located on the negative strand (sense strand) of the X chromosome at p11.3. ""EFHC2"" is also one of a few, select number of genes with in vitro evidence suggesting that it escapes X inactivation. ""EFHC2"" spans 195,796 base pairs and is neighbored by ""NDP"", the gene encoding for Norrie disease protein. Preliminary evidence based on genome wide association studies have linked a SNP in the intron between exons 13 and 14 of ""EFHC2"" with harm avoidance. The mRNA transcript encoding"
"Mdm2 Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) also known as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""MDM2"" gene. Mdm2 is an important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. Mdm2 protein functions both as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that recognizes the N-terminal trans-activation domain (TAD) of the p53 tumor suppressor and as an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activation. The murine double minute (""mdm2"") oncogene, which codes for the Mdm2 protein, was originally cloned, along with two other genes (mdm1 and mdm3) from the transformed mouse cell line 3T3-DM. Mdm2 overexpression, in cooperation"
"It has been shown that the synthesis of prostaglandin E 2 in the endothelial cells of the brain is important for inflammation-induced fever. Additionally, investigators have observed elevations in cell doubling rates for several cancer cell types in the presence of prostaglandin E 2 –producing cell lines. MPGES-2 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) or Prostaglandin E synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans encoded by the ""PTGES2"" gene located on chromosome 9. The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. This protein also has been"
"Mu2e Mu2e, or the Muon-to-Electron Conversion Experiment, is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab in the US. The goal of the experiment is to identify physics beyond the Standard Model, namely, the conversion of muons to electrons without the emission of neutrinos, which occurs in a number of theoretical models. Project co-spokesperson Jim Miller likens this process to neutrino oscillation, but for charged leptons. Observing this process will help to narrow the range of plausible theories. The experiment will be 10,000 times more sensitive than previous muon to electron conversion experiments, and probe energy scales up to 10,000 TeV. Physicists"
"Hemoglobin E Hemoglobin E or haemoglobin E (HbE) is an abnormal hemoglobin with a single point mutation in the β chain. At position 26 there is a change in the amino acid, from glutamic acid to lysine (E26K). Hemoglobin E is very common among people of Southeast Asian, Northeast Indian, Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi descent. The βE mutation affects β-gene expression creating an alternate splicing site in the mRNA at codons 25-27 of the β-globin gene. Through this mechanism, there is a mild deficiency in normal β mRNA and production of small amounts of anomalous β mRNA. The reduced synthesis"
"UBE2V2 Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""UBE2V2"" gene. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant proteins constitute a distinct subfamily within the E2 protein family. UBE2V2 has sequence similarity to other ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes but lack the conserved cysteine residue that is critical for the catalytic activity of E2s. The protein encoded by this gene also shares homology with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 and yeast MMS2 gene product. UBE2V2 has also been implicated as an intracellular sensor of reactive electrophilic species, which are present in high levels during periods of pathogenic and/or environmental"
"""E"" (""E"" stands for enzyme). Sequences ""I"" have a limited chain length and carry the information necessary to build catalytic chains ""E"". The sequence ""I"" provides the matrix to reproduce itself and a matrix to build the protein ""E"". The protein ""E"" gives the catalytic support to build the next sequence in the cycle, ""I"". The self-replicating sequences ""I"" form a cycle consisting of positive and negative strands that periodically reproduce themselves. Therefore, many cycles of the +/− nucleotide collectives are linked together by the second-order cycle of enzymatic properties of ""E"", forming a catalytic hypercycle. Without the secondary loop"
"samples. The human EMK1 was shown to be encoded by a single mRNA ubiquitously expressed. MARK2 has been shown to interact with AKT1. MARK2 Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ""MARK2"" gene. EMK (ELKL Motif Kinase) is a small family of ser/thr protein kinases involved in the control of cell polarity, microtubule stability and cancer. Several cDNA clones have been isolated that encoded two isoforms of the human ser/thr protein kinase EMK1. These isoforms were characterized by the presence of a 162-bp alternative exon that gave rise to two forms, one containing the"
"E-selectin E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a selectin cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. Like other selectins, it plays an important part in inflammation. In humans, E-selectin is encoded by the ""SELE"" gene. E selectin has a cassette structure: an N-terminal, C-type lectin domain, an EGF (epidermal-growth-factor)-like domain, 6 Sushi domain (SCR repeat) units, a transmembrane domain (TM) and an intracellular cytoplasmic tail (cyto). The three-dimensional structure of the ligand-binding region of human E-selectin has been determined"
"EMC7, EMC10) subunts are predicted to contain at least one transmembrane domain (TMD), whereas EMC2, EMC8 and EMC9 do not contain any predicted transmembrane domains are herefore likely to interact with the rest of the EMC on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). EMC proteins are thought to be present in the mature complex in a 1:1 stoichiometry. The majority of EMC proteins (EMC1/3/4/MMGT1/6/7/10) contain at least one predicted TMD. EMC1, EMC5 and EMC10 contain an N-terminal signal sequence. EMC1, also known as KIAA0090, contains a single TMD (aa 959-979) and Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-like repeats (aa 21-252), which"
"a proton by a base or nucleophile leading to Elimination of a leaving group justifying the E designation. Because this mechanism proceeds through the interaction of two species (substrate and base/nucleophile), E2 reactions are recognized as bi-molecular. Thus, the involvement of 2 species in the initial phase of the reaction enhances the mechanistic designation to E2. Addition reactions occur when nucleophiles react with carbonyls. When a nucleophile adds to a simple aldehyde or ketone, the result is a 1,2-addition. When a nucleophile adds to a conjugated carbonyl system, the result is a 1,4-addition. The designations 1,2 and 1,4 are derived"
"controversial. EFHC2 EF-hand domain (C-terminal) containing 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFHC2 gene. ""EFHC2"" is located on the negative strand (sense strand) of the X chromosome at p11.3. ""EFHC2"" is also one of a few, select number of genes with in vitro evidence suggesting that it escapes X inactivation. ""EFHC2"" spans 195,796 base pairs and is neighbored by ""NDP"", the gene encoding for Norrie disease protein. Preliminary evidence based on genome wide association studies have linked a SNP in the intron between exons 13 and 14 of ""EFHC2"" with harm avoidance. The mRNA transcript"
"hyperphosphorylated Rb dissociates from the E2F/DP1/Rb complex (which was bound to the E2F responsive genes, effectively ""blocking"" them from transcription), activating E2F. Activation of E2F results in transcription of various genes like cyclin E, cyclin A, DNA polymerase, thymidine kinase, etc. Cyclin E thus produced binds to CDK2, forming the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, which pushes the cell from G to S phase (G/S, which initiates the G/M transition). Cyclin B-cdk1 complex activation causes breakdown of nuclear envelope and initiation of prophase, and subsequently, its deactivation causes the cell to exit mitosis. A quantitative study of E2F transcriptional dynamics at the"
"in ""A"" (notice one character came from the first cycle in ""AD"" and the other character came from the second cycle), then the letter following ""E"" (i.e. ""D"") will interchange with the letter preceding ""R"" (i.e. ""X"") . That can be continued to get all the characters for both permutations. This characteristic notation is equivalent to the expressions given for the 1930 permutations ""A"" and ""D"" given above by sorting the cycles so that the earliest letter is first. The guessed message key of ""EEE"" producing indicator ""RYZOLZ"" would also determine the pairing of the 10-long cycles in permutation ""BE""."
"the βE mutation. Hemoglobin E Hemoglobin E or haemoglobin E (HbE) is an abnormal hemoglobin with a single point mutation in the β chain. At position 26 there is a change in the amino acid, from glutamic acid to lysine (E26K). Hemoglobin E is very common among people of Southeast Asian, Northeast Indian, Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi descent. The βE mutation affects β-gene expression creating an alternate splicing site in the mRNA at codons 25-27 of the β-globin gene. Through this mechanism, there is a mild deficiency in normal β mRNA and production of small amounts of anomalous β mRNA."
"Cyclin D2 G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ""CCND2"" gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to"
"Carboxypeptidase E Carboxypeptidase E (CPE), also known as carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and enkephalin convertase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ""CPE"" gene. This enzyme catalyzes the release of C-terminal arginine or lysine residues from polypeptides. CPE is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The production of neuropeptides and peptide hormones typically requires two sets of enzymes that cleave the peptide precursors, which are small proteins. First, proprotein convertases cut the precursor at specific sites to generate intermediates containing C-terminal basic residues (lysine and/or arginine). These intermediates are then cleaved by CPE to"
"is over all quark flavors with mass less than the beam energy. ""e"" is the electric charge of the quark, and the factor of 3 accounts for the three colors of the quarks. QCD corrections to this formula have been calculated. R (cross section ratio) R is the ratio of the hadronic cross section to the muon cross section in electron–positron collisions: where the superscript (0) indicates that the cross section has been corrected for initial state radiation. ""R"" is an important input in the calculation of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment. Experimental values have been measured for center-of-mass energies"