"da Fonseca, the founder of the oldest table wine company in Portugal dating back to 1834. Port wine (also known simply as Port) is a fortified wine from the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal. It is typically a sweet red wine, but also comes in dry, semi-dry and white varieties. Sherry is a fortified wine made from white grapes that are grown near the town of Jerez, Spain. The word ""sherry"" itself is an anglicisation of Jerez. In earlier times, sherry was known as ""sack"" (from the Spanish ""saca"", meaning ""a removal from the solera""). In the"
"the sacred lake"" Ninki, ""handles the dough and with a big shovel, mixing in a pit, the bappir with [date] honey, ... waters the malt set on the ground, ... soaks the malt in a jar, ... spreads the cooked mash on large reed mats, coolness overcomes, ... holds with both hands the great sweet wort, brewing it with honey"". Wine is a frequent topic in English literature, from the spiced French and Italian ""ypocras"", ""claree"", and ""vernage"" in Chaucer's ""The Merchant's Tale"" onwards. William Shakespeare's Falstaff drank Spanish ""sherris sack"", in contrast to Sir Toby Belch's preference for ""canary""."
"of the death of Socrates after drinking hemlock. By comparison, in ""The Merry Wives of Windsor"", Falstaff is presented by Shakespeare as the buffoonish suitor of two married women. Though primarily a comic figure, Falstaff still embodies a kind of depth common to Shakespeare's major characters. A fat, vain, boastful, and cowardly knight, he spends most of his time drinking at the Boar's Head Inn with petty criminals, living on stolen or borrowed money. Falstaff leads the apparently wayward Prince Hal into trouble, and is ultimately repudiated after Hal becomes king. Falstaff has since appeared in other media, notably in"
"Sherry that was at the docks waiting to be loaded for ships to South America. The wine that Drake brought back to England only increased the English esteem and thirst for Sherry. William Shakespeare characterized the English's love for ""sack"" with his character of Sir John Falstaff who most famously noted in Henry IV, Part 2 that """"If I had a thousand sons, the first humane principle I would teach them should be, to forswear thin potations and to addict themselves to sack."""" However the Sherry in Falstaff's day was not as strong as it is today because it had"
"as ""Rumneys"" and ""Sacks"". This period in time coincides with the planting of vines in the Canaries, after the Spanish all but exterminated the indigenous Guanches in the 1490s. Málaga, formerly in the Kingdom of Granada, also took to using the name sack for its wines, which were previously sold as “Garnacha”. This wine was similar to another wine known as 'malmsey', made from Malvasia grapes. William Shakespeare's character Sir John Falstaff, introduced in 1597, was fond of sack, and sometimes refers specifically to Sherris sack. William Shakespeare's minor character Sly, a drunkard and an object of a jest, declares"
"Boar's Head Inn, Eastcheap The Boar's Head Inn was a tavern in Eastcheap in the City of London which is supposed to be the meeting place of Sir John Falstaff, Prince Hal and other characters in Shakespeare's ""Henry IV"" plays. The Boar's Head Tavern is featured in historical plays by Shakespeare, particularly ""Henry IV, Part 1"", as a favourite resort of the fictional character Falstaff and his friends in the early 15th century. The landlady is Mistress Quickly. It was the subject of essays by Oliver Goldsmith and Washington Irving. Though there is no evidence of a Boar's Head inn"
"lemon.</poem> Smoking Bishop Smoking Bishop is a type of mulled wine, punch or wassail. It was especially popular in Victorian England at Christmas time and it appears in Dickens' story ""A Christmas Carol"". Smoking Bishop was made from port, red wine, lemons or Seville oranges, sugar and spices such as cloves. The citrus fruit was roasted to caramelise it and the ingredients then warmed together. There is a persistent myth that the name comes from the shape of the traditional bowl, shaped like a bishop's mitre, and that in this form, it was served in medieval guildhalls and universities. Other"
"wine and suggests that British merchants were producing ""sparkling Champagne"" even before the French Champenois were deliberately making it. Concurrently, advances in glass manufacture in Britain, by George Ravenscroft and others, allowed more robust wine bottle to be made which could contain the effervescence without exploding. The popularity of sparkling Champagne steadily grew. In 1663, the British poet Samuel Butler penned the first written English reference to ""brisk"" (i.e. frothy) Champagne in his poem ""Hudibras"". The 1698 George Farquhar play ""Love and a Bottle"" featured one of the characters marveling at the steady stream of bubbles in a glass of"
"some of these elements appear in many of his works, such as ""Twelfth Night"" or ""A Midsummer Night's Dream"", and had a deep impact on Shakespeare's writing. Later playwrights also borrowed Plautus's stock characters. One of the most important echoes of Plautus is the stock character of the parasite. Certainly the best example of this is Falstaff, Shakespeare's portly and cowardly knight. As J. W. Draper notes, the gluttonous Falstaff shares many characteristics with a parasite such as Artotrogus from ""Miles Gloriosus."" Both characters seem fixated on food and where their next meal is coming from. But they also rely"
"Boar's Head Inn The Boar's Head Inn refers to a number of former and current taverns in London, most famously a tavern in Eastcheap that is supposedly the meeting place of Sir John Falstaff, Prince Hal and other characters in Shakespeare's ""Henry IV"" plays. An earlier tavern in Southwark used the same name, and an inn of the name in Whitechapel was used as a theatre. A number of other taverns and inns have since used the name, typically with reference to Shakespeare. The Boar's Head Tavern on Eastcheap is featured in historical plays by Shakespeare, particularly ""Henry IV, Part"
"Smoking Bishop Smoking Bishop is a type of mulled wine, punch or wassail. It was especially popular in Victorian England at Christmas time and it appears in Dickens' story ""A Christmas Carol"". Smoking Bishop was made from port, red wine, lemons or Seville oranges, sugar and spices such as cloves. The citrus fruit was roasted to caramelise it and the ingredients then warmed together. There is a persistent myth that the name comes from the shape of the traditional bowl, shaped like a bishop's mitre, and that in this form, it was served in medieval guildhalls and universities. Other variations"
"(i.e. Lord Bardolph). Peter ""took kindly to the name"" to such an extent that he eventually believed that he was a member of the aristocratic family. Bardolph's supposed coat of arms is ""a bottle gules, on an oak table proper, with a corkscrew trenchant, supported by thirst rampant"". In A. M. F Randolph's fantasy ""The Trial of Sir John Falstaff"" (1893), Falstaff is brought to trial, with Justice Shallow presiding. Bardolph is called as a witness, but refuses to say anything. The light from the window strikes his nose, creating such an intense reflection that the whole court is temporarily"
"principal fictional character is Sir John Falstaff, though he was originally given the name of the historical Sir John Oldcastle. His followers Bardolph, Nym and Pistol also recur, along with Mistress Quickly, the hostess of the Boar's Head Inn, where they meet. Hal's friend Ned Poins appears in both ""Henry IV"" plays. Minor characters such as petty-criminal Peto and bartender Francis also recur. Henriad Henriad is a common title used by scholars for Shakespeare's second historical tetralogy, comprising ""Richard II""; ""Henry IV, Part 1""; ""Henry IV, Part 2""; and ""Henry V"". The plays depict the destabilising effects of the violation"
"drinking. The Queen, who is masked, tries in vain to recall to the mind of the poet a sense of better things. He mocks at her preaching, and goes on drinking. Presently he rolls under the table, and presents a shocking spectacle of intoxication. Elizabeth orders Sir John Falstaff, governor of Richmond Palace, to transport Shakespeare to the park surrounding that palace. ""The park of Richmond Palace"" It is night; the waters of the lake, the moonlight shining through the branches of the trees, the general effect of a deep forest, all combine to confuse the senses of Shakespeare upon"
"alive. His heretical opinions and early friendship with Henry V created a traditional scandal which long continued. In the old play ""The Famous Victories of Henry V"", written before 1588, Oldcastle figures as the Prince's boon companion. When Shakespeare adapted that play in ""Henry IV, Part 1"", Oldcastle still appeared, but when the play was printed in 1598, the name was changed to Falstaff (modelled after John Fastolf), in deference to one of Oldcastle's descendants, Lord Cobham. Though the fat knight still remains ""my old lad of the Castle"", the stage character has nothing to do with the Lollard leader."
"derived drink vermouth), which the OED (""s.v."") marks as ""of obscure origin"". Nicholas Culpeper insisted that wormwood was the key to understanding his 1651 book ""The English Physitian"". Richard Mabey describes Culpeper's entry on this bitter-tasting plant as ""stream-of-consciousness"" and ""unlike anything else in the herbal"", and states that it reads ""like the ramblings of a drunk"". Culpeper biographer Benjamin Woolley suggests the piece may be an allegory about bitterness, as Culpeper had spent his life fighting the Establishment, and had been imprisoned and seriously wounded in battle as a result. William Shakespeare referred to wormwood in his famous play"
"verified—was a favorite and damaging way to discredit political rivals employed by some of Rome's greatest orators like Cicero and Julius Caesar. Prominent Roman alcoholics include Mark Antony, Cicero's own son Marcus (Cicero Minor) and the emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero whose soldiers gave him the unflattering nickname Biberius Caldius Mero (lit. boozer of pure wine, Sueton Tib. 42,1). Cato the Younger was also known as a heavy drinker, frequently found stumbling home disoriented and the worse for wear in the early hours of morning by fellow citizens. During the Imperial period, staple food of the lower class Romans (plebeians) was"
"of Flask Walk have included the actor Peter Barkworth, the poet Al Alvarez, and the musician Sid Vicious. The Flask, Hampstead The Flask is a Grade II listed public house at 14 Flask Walk, Hampstead, London, on the site from where the trade in Hampstead mineral water was run, and which is mentioned in the eighteenth century novel ""Clarissa"". It has been owned by Young's Brewery since 1904. It was originally known as the Lower Flask, to distinguish it from the Upper Flask, a tavern near the top of Hampstead hill which was patronised by Whig grandees and writers but"
"Caister Castle Caister Castle is a 15th-century moated castle situated in the parish of West Caister, some north of the town of Great Yarmouth in the English county of Norfolk (). The castle had a 100 ft (33 m) high tower and was built between 1432 and 1446 by Sir John Fastolf, who (along with Sir John Oldcastle) was an inspiration for William Shakespeare's ""Falstaff."" The castle suffered severe damage in 1469 when it was besieged and captured by the Duke of Norfolk. The castle, other than the tower, fell into ruin after 1600 when a new house was built"
"The Merry Wives of Windsor The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597. The Windsor of the play's title is a reference to the town of Windsor, also the location of Windsor Castle, in Berkshire, England. Though nominally set in the reign of Henry IV, the play makes no pretense to exist outside contemporary Elizabethan era English middle class life. It features the character Sir John Falstaff, the fat knight who had previously been featured in ""Henry IV, Part 1"" and ""Part 2""."
"musk or ambergris. In England, in 1723, there was a recipe for red hippocras containing milk and brandy. The drink was well liked during medieval and Elizabethan times. Moreover, doctors prescribed it to aid digestion. It was served at most banquets all over Europe. The drink was highly prized during the high and late Middle Ages. In France, it has been noted as the favorite drink of notorious baron Gilles de Rais, who reportedly drank several bottles every day and had his victims drink it prior to assault. Later, King Louis XIV of France was also known to enjoy it."
"Vick, conducted by Bernard Haitink. and at the Metropolitan Opera in a revival of the Zeffirelli production, conducted by James Levine in 2006. Although ""Falstaff"" has become a regular repertoire work there nonetheless remains a view expressed by John von Rhein in the ""Chicago Tribune"" in 1985: """"Falstaff"" probably always will fall into the category of 'connoisseur's opera' rather than taking its place as a popular favorite on the order of ""La traviata"" or ""Aida."""" ""A room at the Garter Inn"" Falstaff and his servants, Bardolfo and Pistola, are drinking at the inn. Dr Caius bursts in and accuses Falstaff"
"themes help to give the play something closer to a modern-day view than is often found in Shakespeare's plays. The play is centred on the class prejudices of middle-class England. The lower class is represented by characters such as Bardolph, Nym, and Pistol (Falstaff's followers), and the upper class is represented by Sir John Falstaff and Master Fenton. Shakespeare uses both Latin and misused English to represent the attitudes and differences of the people of this era. For example, much humor is derived from the exaggerated accents of Dr. Caius and Sir Hugh Evans. For example, Caius speaks in an"
"such as sugar, syrup and honey. Other common ingredients included lemon, apple, pomegranate, tamarind, jujube, sumac, musk, mint and ice. Middle-Eastern drinks later became popular in medieval Europe, where the word ""syrup"" was derived from Arabic. In Tudor England, 'water imperial' was widely drunk; it was a sweetened drink with lemon flavor and containing cream of tartar. 'Manays Cryste' was a sweetened cordial flavored with rosewater, violets or cinnamon. Another early type of soft drink was lemonade, made of water and lemon juice sweetened with honey, but without carbonated water. The ""Compagnie des Limonadiers"" of Paris was granted a monopoly"
"so some of the alcohol already condenses before it reaches the cooler. It then runs back into the stills and is distilled again. Talisker now has an annual output of three and a half million litres of spirit. Talisker was the favourite whisky of writers Robert Louis Stevenson and HV Morton. In his poem ""The Scotsman's Return From Abroad"", Stevenson mentioned ""The king o' drinks, as I conceive it, Talisker, Islay, or Glenlivet."" The spirit is most frequently matured in American oak casks. The malt is peated to a phenol level of approximately 18–22 parts per million (ppm), which is"
"Flavored fortified wine Flavored fortified wines are inexpensive fortified wines that typically have an alcohol content between 13% and 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). They are usually made of grape and citrus wine, sugar, and artificial flavor. An early reference to the problem of cheap and poorly made wines is in the ""Report on Cheap Wines"" in the 5 November 1864 issue of ""The Medical Times and Gazette"". The author, in prescribing inexpensive wines for a number of ills, cautions against the ""fortified"" wines of the day, describing of one sample that he had tried: It is reported, however, that"
"Caudle A caudle (or caudel) is a British thickened and sweetened alcoholic hot drink, somewhat like eggnog. It was popular in the Middle Ages for its supposed medicinal properties. The OED cites the use of the word to 1297. The earliest surviving recipe, from 1300–1325, is simply a list of ingredients: wine, wheat starch, raisins, and sugar to ""abate the strength of the wine"". In a description of an initiation ceremony at Merton College, Oxford in 1647, caudle is described as a ""syrupy gruel with spices and wine or ale added"". Another recipe from the late 14th century has more"
"Mistress Quickly Mistress Nell Quickly is a fictional character who appears in several plays by William Shakespeare. She is an inn-keeper, who runs the Boar's Head Tavern, at which Sir John Falstaff and his disreputable cronies congregate. The character appears in four plays: ""Henry IV, Part 1"", ""Henry IV, Part 2"", ""Henry V"" and ""The Merry Wives of Windsor"". In all the plays Quickly is characterised as a woman with strong links to the criminal underworld, but who is nevertheless preoccupied with her own respectable reputation. Her speech is filled with malapropisms, double entendres and ""bawdy innuendo"". Her name may"
"Ancient Pistol Ancient Pistol is a swaggering soldier who appears in three plays by William Shakespeare. Though full of grandiose boasts about his prowess, he is essentially a coward. The character is introduced in ""Henry IV, Part 2"" and reappears in ""The Merry Wives of Windsor"" and ""Henry V"". The character's first name is never given. He is referred to as Falstaff's ""ancient"", meaning ""ensign"", or standard bearer. Pistol is introduced as a ""swaggerer"" who suddenly turns up at the Boar's Head Tavern, contrary to the wishes of the hostess, Mistress Quickly. Falstaff tells her that Pistol is his ""ancient"""
"Fortified wine Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, is added. Many different styles of fortified wine have been developed, including Port, Sherry, Madeira, Marsala, Commandaria wine, and the aromatised wine Vermouth. One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since ethanol is a natural antiseptic. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product. Although grape brandy is most commonly added to produce fortified wines, the additional alcohol may also be neutral spirit that has been made from grapes,"
"Bardolph (Shakespeare character) Bardolph is a fictional character who appears in four plays by William Shakespeare. He is a thief who forms part of the entourage of Sir John Falstaff. His grossly inflamed nose and constantly flushed, carbuncle-covered face is a repeated subject for Falstaff's and Prince Hal's comic insults and word-play. Though his role in each play is minor, he often adds comic relief, and helps illustrate the personality change in Henry from Prince to King. In early published versions of ""Henry IV, Part 1"", the character is called Rossill or sir Iohn Russel. Shakespeare renamed the character to"
"60 BC honoring Julius Caesar for his conquests in Spain. There were three notable varieties: Dry (Latin ""austerum""), Sweet (""dulce""), and Light (""tenue""). The physician and gourmet Galen, writing c. AD 180, doubted that all the Falernian wine on sale in the Roman Empire could possibly be genuine. Evidently it was still all too popular at that date. It was one of the first wines to be exported to Britain while it was a Roman settlement, but for whatever reason, Falernian must have gradually lost favour under the later Roman empire, though it was still one of the seven named"
"and he is throughly original."" He has been often compared to the Shakespearean character of Falstaff. This comparison, made by Dyboski and others, is often based on his propensity for drinking and partying, sharp tongue and cunning, cowardice, and telling exaggerated tales of his youthful adventures. Unlike Falstaff, he grows to become a more mature character, and this transformation can be observed in the first book, beginning with the moment where he decides to risk his life to protect the proverbial damsel in distress, Helena, in the midst of the ongoing Chmielnicki uprising. This transformation is likely the most crucial"