"John Anthony Copeland Jr. John Anthony Copeland Jr. (1834–1859) was born a free black in Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1843 when he was a child, his family moved north to Oberlin, Ohio, where he later attended Oberlin College. He became involved in abolitionist and antislavery activities, and participated in the successful Oberlin-Wellington Rescue. Copeland joined John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, was captured, convicted of murder and conspiracy to incite slaves to rebellion, and hanged on December 16, 1859. Copeland's parents were John Anthony Copeland, who was born into slavery in 1808, near Raleigh, North Carolina, and Delilah Evans, born"
"be purged away; but with Blood. I had as I now think: vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed; it might be done. Virginia v. John Brown Virginia v. John Brown was a criminal trial held in Charles Town, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia) in October 1859 to prosecute abolitionist John Brown for his involvement in a raid on the United States federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia) on October 16–18, 1859. This event resulted in the death of 14 people and the wounding of nine others. John Brown led 21 armed men, five blacks"
"notice taken on my late pamphlet [on slavery] than on anything I ever wrote before."" In 1859, Ruffin traveled to attend the execution of John Brown at Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), following the abolitionist's abortive slave revolt at Harper's Ferry earlier that year. To gain access to the event, Ruffin joined the Virginia Military Institute cadet corps and, donning a borrowed overcoat and carrying arms, the aging, white-haired secessionist marched into Charles Town with the young cadets who had been ordered up from Lexington. Ruffin purchased several of the pikes captured from Brown and his forces, which had"
"Osborne Perry Anderson Osborne Perry Anderson (1830–1872) was an African-American abolitionist and the only surviving African-American member of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and later a soldier in the Union army of the American Civil War. In 1830 Anderson was born a free African American in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He completed basic schooling and later attended Oberlin College in Ohio, after which he moved to Chatham in Canada West (now Ontario) in 1850 and opened shop as a printer. This skill served him later as an abolitionist. In May 1858 Anderson met John Brown and learned of the revolution"
"Railroad, hid him in York, Pennsylvania, then sent him by rail to Philadelphia. Anderson proceeded from there to Canada. Upon the start of the Civil War Anderson became a noncommissioned officer of the Union Army. He died in Washington D.C. in 1872. He was interred at Columbian Harmony Cemetery. Osborne Perry Anderson Osborne Perry Anderson (1830–1872) was an African-American abolitionist and the only surviving African-American member of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, and later a soldier in the Union army of the American Civil War. In 1830 Anderson was born a free African American in Chester County, Pennsylvania. He"
"Company D, 2nd Virginia Infantry Company D, 2nd Virginia Infantry, locally designated the Berkeley Border Guards, was an antebellum Virginia militia company and then a company of the 2nd Virginia Infantry, a Confederate infantry unit during the American Civil War. This pre-war militia unit was present at the execution of John Brown, a famous abolitionist leader who, in 1859, led a raid on the United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). The unit's original leader was Captain John Quincy Adams Nadenbousch. They were stationed around Martinsburg, in what is now West Virginia. During the Civil War, the"
"over the fate of George Latimer led to the passage of the 1843 Liberty Act, which prohibited the arrest of fugitive slaves in Massachusetts. Abolitionists rose to the defense of Ellen and William Craft in 1850, Shadrach Minkins in 1851, and Anthony Burns in 1854. An attempt to rescue Thomas Sims in 1852 was unsuccessful. In 1836, Boston was home to about 1,875 free African Americans, some of whom were refugees from slave states. The vast majority were committed to abolitionism; among the more outspoken activists were William Cooper Nell, Maria Stewart, and David Walker. Some, such as Lewis Hayden"
"a sword that Frederick the Great had given George Washington. He was captured by an armed military force under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee. He was tried for treason to the Commonwealth of Virginia and hanged on December 2, 1859. On his way to the gallows, Brown handed a jailkeeper a note, chilling in its prophecy, predicting that the ""sin"" of slavery would never be cleansed from the United States without bloodshed. The raid on Harper's Ferry horrified Southerners who saw Brown as a criminal, and they became increasingly distrustful of Northern abolitionists who celebrated Brown as"
"the press by passing a set of laws that became pejoratively known as the ""lois scélérates"" (""villainous laws""). In the years 1894 to 1896 anarchists killed President of France Marie Francois Carnot, Prime Minister of Spain Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, and the Empress of Austria-Hungary, Elisabeth of Bavaria. Prior to the American Civil War, abolitionist John Brown (18001859) advocated and practiced armed opposition to slavery, leading several attacks between 1856 and 1859, the most famous attack was launched in 1859 against the armory at Harpers Ferry. Local forces soon recaptured the fort and Brown was tried and executed for treason."
"co-conspirators lived here, planning an attack on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry in a bid to incite a slave rebellion. During that time he assembled his group of family members and followers, as well as a small arsenal of weapons. The raid, which began October 16, 1859, was an abject failure in achieving Brown's objective. Some of his band were killed, and Brown himself was arrested, tried, convicted, and hanged for the action. However, the raid had the effect of hardening and galvanizing pro and anti-slavery positions in the United States prior to the outbreak of the American Civil"
"1854. An attempt to rescue Thomas Sims in 1852 was unsuccessful. Several white Bostonians, such as William Lloyd Garrison (founder of the ""Liberator"" and a member of the Boston Vigilance Committee), were active in the abolitionist movement. Charles Sumner, the Massachusetts senator who in 1856 was nearly beaten to death on the Senate floor by a Southerner for condemning slavery, was from Boston. The 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment was one of the first official African-American units in the United States during the Civil War. Frederick Douglass and other abolitionists recruited soldiers for the 54th regiment at the African Meeting House."
"he became involved with politics. In Canada, he became friends with John Brown and supported his raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859. In 1860, Bell moved to San Francisco where he continued activism and wrote poetry on the themes of abolition. Bell became one of the most well-known American black poets of the nineteenth century. Bell moved to Toledo, Ohio in 1865, and continued fighting for civil rights. Bell died in 1902. James Madison Bell James Madison Bell (April 3, 1826 – 1902) was an African-American poet, orator, and political activist who was involved in the abolitionist movement against slavery."
"home. Accompanied by John A. Copeland, Leary went to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, to join Brown. Leary died eight days after the attack from wounds suffered in the conflict at Harper's Ferry. Copeland was captured, tried and later executed. After Leary's death, the abolitionists James Redpath (editor for the ""New York Tribune"") and Wendell Phillips helped raise money for Mary and Louise Leary's support and the girl's education. In 1869 the widow Mary Patterson Leary married again, to the Ohio abolitionist Charles Henry Langston. The family moved to Lawrence, Kansas, where they remained for the rest of their lives. In 1872 Charles"
"the most noble man that I ever knew. Aaron Dwight Stevens Aaron Dwight Stevens (March 15, 1831 – March 16, 1860) was an American abolitionist and chief military aide to John Brown during Brown's failed raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. For his role in the raid, Stevens was executed on March 16th, 1860 at the age of 29. Born in Lisbon, New London County, Connecticut, March 15, 1831. He moved with his family to Norwich, Connecticut at an early age when his father became choir director of the First Congregational Church. Stevens ran away from home at the age of"
"had been unable to purchase the freedom of his wife and seven children. Their master raised the price after Newby had saved the $1,500 that had previously been agreed on. Because all of Newby's other efforts had failed he hoped to free them by force. Harriet's poignant letters, found on his body, proved instrumental in advancing the abolitionist cause. Newby was six foot two. On 17 October 1859, the citizens of Harpers Ferry set to put down the raid. Harpers Ferry manufactured guns but the citizens had little ammunition, so during the assault on the raiders they fired anything they"
"The city was never retaken by Confederate forces. After the assault on Harper's Ferry by abolitionist John Brown in 1859, ""St. Augustine Examiner"" owner Matthias Andreu devised the motto ""Equality in the Union and Nothing Else"", feeding a sense of mistrust towards the federal government that the paper promised could lead to war between the states. Once Abraham Lincoln was elected United States president solely by Northern states (not a single vote for Lincoln was recorded in the entire state of Florida), Andreu saw no hope in the south remaining with the north, and promoted secession, lest ""violent abolitionists"" incite"
"arsenal at Harper's Ferry. Brown, who was captured by U.S. authorities and hanged, inspired a groundswell of support throughout the North for the abolition of slavery. Southerners were shocked. For the first time, the picture had been painted in starkly differing terms. Northerners appeared willing—even eager—to overturn the established order throughout the South, with clear and grave injury to those who lived there, it seemed to Southerners. In Fairfax County the talk was of little else. The issue of states' rights became a subject of much discussion. Feelings and differences hardened. Events far to the south framed the debate almost"
"joined John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in West Virginia in 1859 and died from his wounds. In 1869, the widow Mary Patterson Leary married again, into the elite, politically active Langston family. (See The Talented Tenth.) Her second husband was Charles Henry Langston, of African-American, Euro-American and Native American ancestry. He and his younger brother John Mercer Langston worked for the abolitionist cause and helped lead the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society in 1858. Charles Langston later moved with his family to Kansas, where he was active as an educator and activist for voting and rights for African Americans. Charles and"
"Aaron Dwight Stevens Aaron Dwight Stevens (March 15, 1831 – March 16, 1860) was an American abolitionist and chief military aide to John Brown during Brown's failed raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. For his role in the raid, Stevens was executed on March 16th, 1860 at the age of 29. Born in Lisbon, New London County, Connecticut, March 15, 1831. He moved with his family to Norwich, Connecticut at an early age when his father became choir director of the First Congregational Church. Stevens ran away from home at the age of sixteen, in 1847, and enlisted in Cushing's Massachusetts"
"arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). But Rev. Todd had no knowledge of the use to which the weapons he had stored would be put, nor any involvement in what he termed ""the Harper's Ferry insurrection."" Todd was also a leader in the temperance movement and was a board member of Tabor College from its founding in 1866 until his death in 1894. His home in Tabor, Todd House, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is operated as a museum by the Tabor Historical Society and is open for public visits. John Todd (abolitionist) John"
"of six slave catchers chased Chaplin's carriage out of Washington. During the chase, the posse shot into the carriage, wounding the occupants. When they were caught, Chaplin was beaten and held in D.C. for six weeks. Chaplin was bailed by prominent abolitionist Gerrit Smith and others. The money was forfeited, as Chaplin skipped bail and returned to New York. William L. Chaplin William Lawrence Chaplin (October 27, 1796 – April 28, 1871) was a prominent abolitionist in the years before the American Civil War. Known by the title of ""General,"" he was an agent for the New York Anti-Slavery Society."
"American terrorism."" His famous raid in October, 1859, involved a band of 22 men who seized the Federal armory at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia (then part of Virginia), knowing it contained tens of thousands of weapons. Brown believed the South was on the verge of a gigantic slave uprising and that one spark would set it off. Brown's supporters George Luther Stearns, Franklin B. Sanborn, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Theodore Parker, Samuel Gridley Howe, and Gerrit Smith were all abolitionists, members of the Secret Six who provided financial backing for Brown's raid. Brown's raid, says historian David Potter, ""was meant to"
"May) in Syracuse, as well as with Quakers in nearby Skaneateles. Additionally, they were supported by abolitionists in many other religious congregations. Syracuse was known as the ""great central depot on the Underground Railroad"" prior to the Civil War, due to the work of Jermain Wesley Loguen and others in defying federal law, . On October 1, 1851, William Henry, a freed slave known as ""Jerry"", was arrested under the Fugitive Slave Law. The anti-slavery Liberty Party was holding its state convention in the city and when word of the arrest spread, several hundred abolitionists (including Charles Augustus Wheaton) broke"
"sons' efforts to keep Kansas as a free-state under the popular sovereignty laws, leaving his wife and several of his children behind. Brown returned to visit his family at Lake Placid several times. In 1859, Brown attempted to start a liberation movement among enslaved African Americans by seizing the arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). For this, he was tried for treason against the state of Virginia and hanged. The family sold the property (except for the graveyard) in 1863. In 1870 it was purchased by journalist Kate Field, who formed an association to oversee its preservation and"
"the South. The effect of bloody slave rebellions, such as the Vesey revolt of 1822 and John Brown's massacre at Harper's Ferry in 1859, was to reduce moderate abolitionists to silence, particularly in the South. These events inflamed fears and galvanized Southerners into an anti-abolitionist stance that effectively ended reasoned debate on the issue. South Carolinians had earlier tolerated slavery as a necessary evil. In an evolving concept, they came to proclaim slavery a positive good, a civilizing benefit to the enslaved, and a proper response to the ""natural"" differences between whites and blacks. Apologists such as Thomas Harper argued"
"Chicago, Brown met with abolitionists Allan Pinkerton, John Jones, and Henry O. Wagoner who arranged and raised the fare for the passage to Detroit and purchase clothes and supplies for Brown. Jones's wife, Mary, guessed that the supplies included the suit Brown was later hanged in. On March 12, 1859, Brown met with Frederick Douglass and Detroit abolitionists George DeBaptiste, William Lambert, and others at William Webb's house in Detroit to discuss emancipation. DeBaptiste proposed that conspirators blow up some of the South's largest churches. The suggestion was opposed by Brown, who felt humanity precluded such unnecessary bloodshed. Over the"
"abolitionism. The debate became especially intense in 1854 after Joshua Glover, a runaway slave from Missouri, was captured in Racine. Glover was taken into custody under the Federal Fugitive Slave Law, but a mob of abolitionists stormed the prison where Glover was held and helped him escape to Canada. In a trial stemming from the incident, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ultimately declared the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional. The Republican Party, founded on March 20, 1854, by anti-slavery expansion activists in Ripon, Wisconsin, grew to dominate state politics in the aftermath of these events. During the Civil War, around 91,000 troops"
"and leader of the Unionist Liberty Home Guards (formed only a few days later, on April 24) characterized the seizure of the arsenal this way: ""Col. Routt had no more right to capture the Liberty Arsenal, with its government arms and munitions, than John Brown had to seize the one at Harper's Ferry."" Maj. Grant continued as custodian of the depot until it was sold in 1869 (via a July 25, 1868 act of Congress.) On October 6, 2012, an historic marker was placed at the highway intersection near the site once occupied by the arsenal. None of the buildings"
"William L. Chaplin William Lawrence Chaplin (October 27, 1796 – April 28, 1871) was a prominent abolitionist in the years before the American Civil War. Known by the title of ""General,"" he was an agent for the New York Anti-Slavery Society. In 1850 in Washington, DC, Chaplin aided two of the slaves of then congressman Robert Toombs in an attempted escape. The slaves were Lousia and, possibly, Garland H. White. During the pursuit of the escapees, Toombs said that he was more concerned about Lousia than White, as he did not care for White. Both were caught when a posse"
"Assembly and insensitive to their needs. Major crises in the Virginia state government over these differences were averted on more than one occasion during the period before the American Civil War, but the underlying problems were fundamental and never well resolved. John Brown (1800–1859), an abolitionist who considered slavery to be a sin, led an anti-slavery movement in Kansas (see Bleeding Kansas) and hoped to arm slaves and lead a violent revolt against slavery. With 18 armed men on October 16–17, 1859, he took hostages and freed slaves in Harpers Ferry, but no slaves answered his call and instead local"
"George studied law. Lysander Spooner, abolitionist anarchist and good friend of Dr. Hoyt, deeply influenced young George's uncompromising approach to abolition, as did radical orator Wendell Phillips. Following John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid, Hoyt was recruited by Boston abolitionists to volunteer as a counsel to Brown, then on trial in Charlestown, Virginia. He arrived at the trial on October 28, 1859, with orders to spy on the proceedings, pass messages to and from Brown, and, most controversially, to arrange a prison break that would free the prisoner and as many of his associates as possible. Because of the large number"
"at Talladega. The Medical College, a branch of the University of Alabama, was established at Mobile. Moore advocated state aid supplemented by Federal land grants to promote railroad construction, and he particularly favored efforts of the Alabama and Alabama River Railroad to connect the northern and southern areas of the state. Considered a moderate on the slavery issue, Moore defeated the extremist William F. Samford in the gubernatorial election of 1859. Although he became more concerned with the defense of states rights after John Brown's raid on the U.S. Arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in October 1859, Moore continued to"
"those died in the fighting was Heyward Shepherd, a railroad baggagemaster and a free black. Although the true identity of his assailant is uncertain, Shepherd soon became a symbol of the ""faithful servant"" among those who deplored Brown’s action against the traditional southern way of life. This monument, placed here in 1931, reflects those traditional views. The monument was in storage from 1976-1980, and then shrouded in plywood until 1995. Another plaque was installed near the 1931 monument to place the monument in context by the National Park Service. It reads: On October 17, 1859, abolitionist John Brown attacked Harpers"