"Diastema A diastema (plural diastemata) is a space or gap between two teeth. Many species of mammals have diastemata as a normal feature, most commonly between the incisors and molars. Diastemata are common for children and can exist in adult teeth as well. Diastemata are primarily caused by imbalance in the relationship between the jaw and the size of teeth. If the labial frenulum (lip tissue) pulls, it can also push the teeth apart and cause a diastema between the center of the two front teeth. In humans, the term is most commonly applied to an open space between the"
"Diastasis recti Diastasis recti (also known as abdominal separation) is commonly defined as a gap of roughly 2.7 cm or greater between the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle. This condition has no associated morbidity or mortality. The distance between the right and left rectus abdominis muscles is created by the stretching of the linea alba, a connective collagen sheath created by the aponeurosis insertions of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique. Diastasis of this muscle occurs principally in two populations: newborns and pregnant women. It is also known to occur in men. A diastasis recti may"
"to infection, abscesses in the mouth, and tooth loss. It should be corrected as early as possible, and it is very difficult to stop. If the disease is caught early it can be prevented. Diastema is defined as a space between two adjoining teeth. Food can be trapped between teeth leading to severe periodontal disease and poor dental health overall. It is very difficult to correct. The unopposed overgrowth of the opposing teeth must be reduced. Equine malocclusion An equine malocclusion is a misalignment between the upper and lower jaws of a horse or other equine. It results in a"
"Intergluteal cleft The intergluteal cleft, also known medically by various synonyms and colloquially as the butt crack or ass crack, is the groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the gluteus maximus muscles. The intergluteal cleft is located superior to the anus. Ingrown hair can obstruct hair follicles in the intergluteal cleft, exciting a foreign body reaction, leading to formation of a pilonidal cyst. Secondary tracks may open onto the skin, allowing the cyst to drain a foul smelling"
"Thoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term ""diaphragm"" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm or pelvic diaphragm, but ""the diaphragm"" generally refers to the thoracic diaphragm. In"
"Interstitium The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in this space is called ""interstitial fluid"", comprises water and solutes, and drains into the lymph system. The interstitial compartment is composed of connective and supporting tissues within the body – called the extracellular matrix – that are situated outside the blood and lymphatic vessels and the parenchyma of organs. The non-fluid parts of the interstitium are predominantly collagen types I, III, and V, elastin,"
"Anastomosis An anastomosis (plural anastomoses) is a connection or opening between two things (especially cavities or passages) that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams. Such a connection may be normal (such as the foramen ovale in a fetus's heart) or abnormal (such as the patent foramen ovale in an adult's heart); it may be acquired (such as an arteriovenous fistula) or innate (such as the arteriovenous shunt of a metarteriole); and it may be natural (such as the aforementioned examples) or artificial (such as a surgical anastomosis). The reestablishment of an anastomosis"
"sacs can be clearly seen. They extend quite far caudally into the abdomen. Thoracic diaphragm The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity, containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. The term ""diaphragm"" in anatomy can refer to other flat structures such as the urogenital diaphragm"
"the linea alba and suturing together. This creates a tighter abdominal wall. In adult females, a laparoscopic ""Venetian blind"" technique can be used for plication of the recti. Diastasis recti Diastasis recti (also known as abdominal separation) is commonly defined as a gap of roughly 2.7 cm or greater between the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle. This condition has no associated morbidity or mortality. The distance between the right and left rectus abdominis muscles is created by the stretching of the linea alba, a connective collagen sheath created by the aponeurosis insertions of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique,"
"interstitial fluid and lymph system are sites where disease mechanisms may arise or develop. In 2018, the interstitium in bile duct tissue was identified and studied using confocal laser endomicroscopy and fluorescein injection. A microscopic subcompartment of the interstitial space, having a depth of and filled with lymph, was reported as draining into lymph nodes, and was structurally supported by a network of collagen. Interstitium The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell wall or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in"
"Fistula A fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but they may be surgically created for therapeutic reasons. In botany, the term is most common in its adjectival forms, where it is used in binomial names to refer to species that are distinguished by hollow or tubular structures. Monarda fistulosa, for example, has tubular flowers; Eutrochium fistulosum has a tubular stem;"
"Diastematomyelia Diastematomyelia (occasionally diastomyelia) is a congenital disorder in which a part of the spinal cord is split, usually at the level of the upper lumbar vertebra. Diastematomyelia is a rare congenital anomaly that results in the ""splitting"" of the spinal cord in a longitudinal (sagittal) direction. Females are affected much more commonly than males. This condition occurs in the presence of an osseous (bone), cartilaginous or fibrous septum in the central portion of the spinal canal which then produces a complete or incomplete sagittal division of the spinal cord into two hemicords. When the split does not reunite distally"
"Edema Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain. Clinically, edema manifests as swelling. The amount of interstitial fluid is determined by the balance of fluid homeostasis and the increased secretion of fluid into the interstitium. The word is from Greek ""oídēma"" meaning ""swelling"". The condition is also known (mostly archaic) as dropsy. Cutaneous edema is referred to as ""pitting"" when, after pressure is applied to a small area, the indentation persists after the release of the"
"that had become blocked is called a reanastomosis. Anastomoses that are abnormal, whether congenital or acquired, are often called fistulas. The term is used in medicine, biology, mycology, geology, geography and architecture. Anastomosis: medical or Modern Latin, from Greek ἀναστόμωσις, anastomosis, ""outlet, opening"", Gr ana- ""up, on, upon"", stoma ""mouth"", ""to furnish with a mouth"". Thus the ""-stom-"" syllable is cognate with that of ""stoma"" in botany or ""stoma"" in medicine. An anastomosis is the connection of two normally divergent structures. It refers to connections between blood vessels or between other tubular structures such as loops of intestine. In circulatory"
"Bregma The bregma is the anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture. The bregma is located at the intersection of the coronal suture and the sagittal suture on the superior middle portion of the calvaria. It is the point where the frontal bone and parietal bones meet. The bregma is known as the anterior fontanelle during infancy. The anterior fontanelle is membranous and closes in the first 18-36months of life (according to Thieme atlas of anatomy). In the congenital disorder cleidocranial dysostosis, the anterior fontanelle never closes to form the"
"1999. The study found: The study concluded: ""The continent ileostomy offers an alternative with a high degree of patient satisfaction, to those patients who face the loss of an IPAA."" Ileostomy Ileostomy is a stoma (surgical opening) constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ""ileum"") out onto the surface of the skin, or the surgical procedure which creates this opening. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an artificial external pouching system which is adhered to the skin. Ileostomies are usually sited above the groin on the right hand side of the"
"Peristome Peristome (from the Greek ""peri"", meaning 'around' or 'about', and ""stoma"", 'mouth') is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes. In mosses, the peristome is a specialized structure in the sporangium that allows for gradual spore discharge, instead of releasing them all at once. Most mosses produce a capsule with a lid (the operculum) which falls off when the spores inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed. The opening thus revealed is called the ""stoma"" (meaning ""mouth"") and is surrounded by one or two"
"Ileostomy Ileostomy is a stoma (surgical opening) constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (the ""ileum"") out onto the surface of the skin, or the surgical procedure which creates this opening. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an artificial external pouching system which is adhered to the skin. Ileostomies are usually sited above the groin on the right hand side of the abdomen. Ileostomies are necessary where injury or a surgical response to disease has rendered the large intestine incapable of safely processing intestinal waste, typically because the colon and rectum have"
"developing world, there is a 10 fold increase in cardiac events in the black and urban populations. Obstetric fistula or vaginal fistula is a medical condition in which a fistula (hole) develops between either the rectum and vagina (see rectovaginal fistula) or between the bladder and vagina (see vesicovaginal fistula) after severe or failed childbirth, when adequate medical care is not available. It is considered a disease of poverty because of its tendency to occur women in poor countries who do not have health resources comparable to developed nations. Dental decay or dental caries is the gradual destruction of tooth"
"Palpebral fissure The palpebral fissure is the elliptic space between the medial and lateral canthi of the two open lids. In simple terms, it refers to the opening between the eye lids. In adults, this measures about 10mm vertically and 30mm horizontally. It can be reduced (short, ""narrow"") in horizontal size by fetal alcohol syndrome and in Williams syndrome. The chromosomal conditions trisomy 9 and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) can cause the palpebral fissures to be upslanted, while Marfan syndrome can cause a downslant. An increase in vertical height can be seen in genetic disorders like cri-du-chat. The fissure may"
"upper incisors (front teeth). It happens when there is an unequal relationship between the size of the teeth and the jaw. Diastema is sometimes caused or exacerbated by the action of a labial frenulum (the tissue connecting the lip to the gum) causing high mucosal attachment and less attached keratinized tissue which is more prone to recession or by tongue thrusting, which can push the teeth apart. 1. Determining the cause of the diastema then treat the cause. 2. Diastema treatment options can differ from one patient to another, but generally it is treated by orthodontics, or composite fillings or"
"discharge, which is known as a pilonidal sinus. Medical synonyms for the intergluteal cleft include ""gluteal cleft"", ""natal cleft"", ""anal cleft"", ""clunial cleft"", ""crena analis"", ""crena ani"", ""crena interglutealis"", and ""rima ani"". Intergluteal cleft The intergluteal cleft, also known medically by various synonyms and colloquially as the butt crack or ass crack, is the groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum, so named because it forms the visible border between the external rounded protrusions of the gluteus maximus muscles. The intergluteal cleft is located superior to the anus. Ingrown hair can obstruct hair"
"the stomach, and the upper portion of the duodenum. ""This Wikipedia entry incorporates text from the freely licensed Connexions edition of Anatomy & Physiology text-book by OpenStax College"" Body cavity A body cavity is any fluid-filled space in a multicellular organism other than those of ""vessels"" (such as blood vessels and lymph vessels). The human body cavity normally refers to the ventral body cavity, because it is by far the largest. A coelom is a cavity lined by mesothelium, an epithelium derived from mesoderm. Organs formed inside a coelom can freely move, grow, and develop independently of the body wall"
"Epigastrium In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane. The epigastrium is one of the nine regions of the abdomen, along with the right and left hypochondria, right and left lateral regions (lumbar areas or flanks), right and left inguinal regions (or fossae), and the umbilical and pubic regions. During breathing the diaphragm contracts and flattens, displacing the viscera and producing an outward movement of the upper abdominal wall (epigastric region). It is a convergence of the diaphragm and the abdominals, so"
"Endosteum The endosteum (plural endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition, resulting in less cortical thickness. The outer surface of a bone is lined by a thin layer of connective tissue that is very similar in morphology and function to endosteum. It is called the periosteum, or the periosteal surface. During bone growth, the width of the bone increases as osteoblasts lay new bone tissue at the periosteum. To prevent"
"Atrial septostomy Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria. This procedure is primarily used to palliate dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries), a life-threatening cyanotic congenital heart defect seen in infants. It is performed prior to an arterial switch operation. Atrial septostomy has also seen limited use as a surgical treatment for pulmonary hypertension. One common technique was developed in 1966 by American cardiologist William Rashkind at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. The first atrial"
"the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most maternal and/or newborn deaths occur during the postpartum period. Diastasis recti is a gap between the two sides of the rectus abdominis muscle that can occur in the antenatal and postnatal periods. This condition has no associated morbidity or mortality. Treatment is physiotherapy. Primary postpartum haemorrhage is blood loss following childbirth of more than 500ml (minor) or 1000ml (major) Secondary postpartum haemorrhage is abnormal or excessive bleeding after 24 hours and before 12 weeks postnatally. Urinary incontinence and fecal incontinence have been linked"
"Nephrostomy A nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis). An urostomy is a related procedure performed more distally along the urinary system to provide urinary diversion. A nephrostomy is performed whenever a blockage keeps urine from passing from the kidneys, through the ureter and into the urinary bladder. Without another way for urine to drain, pressure would rise within the urinary system and the kidneys would be damaged. The most common cause of blockage necessitating a nephrostomy is"
"Sternum The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury. Shaped roughly like a necktie, it is one of the largest and longest flat bones of the body. Its three regions are the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process. The word ""sternum"" originates from the Greek στέρνον, meaning ""chest"". The sternum is a long, flat bone, forming the middle portion of the front of"
"Periosteum The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity of all long bones. The periosteum consists of dense irregular connective tissue. It is divided into an outer ""fibrous layer"" and inner ""cambium layer"" (or ""osteogenic layer""). The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the cambium layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts are responsible for increasing the width of a long bone and the overall size of the other bone types. After a bone fracture the progenitor"
"portal vein and the inferior vena cava across the omental foramen (of Winslow). This spares the portal venous system from high pressure which can cause esophageal varices, caput medusae, and hemorrhoids. The Latin word fistula (plural ""fistulas"" or ""fistulae"" ) literally means tube or pipe. Fistula A fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery, but they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but they may be surgically created for"
"Abdomen The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic"
"Colostomy A colostomy is an opening (stoma) in the large intestine (colon), or the surgical procedure that creates one. The opening is formed by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place. This opening, often in conjunction with an attached stoma appliance, provides an alternative channel for feces to leave the body. Thus if the natural anus is not available for that job (for example, in cases where it has been removed in the fight against colorectal cancer or ulcerative colitis), an artificial anus takes over. It may"