"""official"" ""Government Letter"" size, , was used in government, while paper was standard in most other offices. In the U.S., paper density is usually measured in ""pounds per ream"" (of 500 sheets). Typical Letter paper has a basis weight of paper of – the weight of 500 sheets (a ream) of paper at and at 50% humidity. One ream of 20-pound Letter-sized paper weighs , and a single Letter-sized sheet of 20-pound paper weighs , which is equivalent to 75.19 g/m. Some metric information is typically included on American ream packaging. For example, 20-pound paper is also labeled as 75"
"fruits etc. Printed Glossy Paper around 80-90 GSM is used to pack Gifts/Boxes and Toys Packing. Its HS Code is 48239013. Packing and wrapping paper Packing and Wrapping Paper broadly refers to any sort of papers which are used for the purpose of packaging, or simply speaking to Pack or Wrap any article like shoes, garments, toys, handicrafts, fruits, gifts, flowers, etc. These papers can be of varied quality, sizes and textures. These can be Plain/Printed, Glazed(MG)/Rough(MF), Coloured/White. The thickness of the paper can be 14 /17/ 20/ 30/ 35/ 60/ 80/ 100 GSM, depending upon the intended nature/type of"
"image, as well as other printability and runnability issues Thickness of the paper in relation with GSM.Not only is consistent thickness required in web offset lithography, where varying bulk within a single roll can cause the roll to unwind with uneven tension, which is responsible for various printing defects as well as web breaks. Higher bulk of same GSM will reduce the show through defects. A degree of peaks and valleys on the surface of the paper.High roughness of the paper results in more consumption and many other printability defects too. A measure of the extent to which a paper"
"Grammage Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper and the fabric industries, are the areal density of a paper or fabric product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used: In the metric system, the mass per unit area of all types of paper and paperboard is expressed in terms of grams per square meter (g/m). This quantity is commonly called ""grammage"" in both English and French (ISO 536), though printers in most English-speaking countries still refer to the ""weight"" of paper. Typical office paper has 80 g/m, therefore a"
"Packing and wrapping paper Packing and Wrapping Paper broadly refers to any sort of papers which are used for the purpose of packaging, or simply speaking to Pack or Wrap any article like shoes, garments, toys, handicrafts, fruits, gifts, flowers, etc. These papers can be of varied quality, sizes and textures. These can be Plain/Printed, Glazed(MG)/Rough(MF), Coloured/White. The thickness of the paper can be 14 /17/ 20/ 30/ 35/ 60/ 80/ 100 GSM, depending upon the intended nature/type of use. However, generally plain white, 17-18 GSM Matt Finished Paper and 20-22 GSM Glossy Paper is used to pack garments, shoes,"
"measured or guessed based on a comparable paper's specification. Caliper is usually measured in micrometres (µm), or in the US also in mils (1 mil = 0.001 in = 25.4 µm). Commonly, 20-lb bond ranges between roughly in thickness. Grammage Grammage and basis weight, in the pulp and paper and the fabric industries, are the areal density of a paper or fabric product, that is, its mass per unit of area. Two ways of expressing grammage are commonly used: In the metric system, the mass per unit area of all types of paper and paperboard is expressed in terms of"
"as hard disk drives, optical disc drives and tape drives. The current unit of measure is typically gigabits per square inch. The area density is often used to describe the thickness of paper; e.g., 80 g/m is very common. Fabric ""weight"" is often specified as mass per unit area, grams per square meter (gsm) or ounces per square yard. It is also sometimes specified in ounces per yard in a standard width for the particular cloth. One gram per square meter equals 0.0295 ounces per square yard; one ounce per square yard equals 33.9 grams per square meter. It is"
"""coated: two sides"") to produce a glossy look and smooth texture, especially in use for the printing of business cards and book covers. Most countries use the term grammage to describe the weight of the paper in grams per square metre. The term ""card stock"" is used to describe paper with weights from 50 lb to 110 lb (about 135 to 300 g/m). Alternatively, grammage can be expressed in terms of the weight per number of sheets, pound weight – the weight of 500 sheets of paper. In the U.S., card stock thickness is usually measured in ""points"" or ""mils"""
"image quality, because of better ink coverage. Smoothness is measured using air leak methods – the greater the rate of air leakage, at a specific air pressure, from under a cylindrical knife placed on the surface, the rougher the surface. Caliper/Thickness: In the United States caliper is usually expressed in thousandths of an inch (0.001”) or points, where a sheet of paperboard with a thickness of 0.024” would be 24 points. In Europe it is often sold in g/m, however the thickness of the board is measured in micron (μm). Paperboard also tends to be referred to with thickness rather"
"cushioning fragile items, stuffing in shoes/bags etc. to keep shape intact or, for inserting in garments etc. while packing/folding to keep them wrinkle free and safe. It is generally used printed with the manufacturers brand name or, logo to enhance the look and aesthetic appeal of the product. It is a type of thin, translucent paper generally in the range of grammages between 17 and 40 GSM, that can be rough or, shining, hard or soft, depending upon the nature of use. In North America, people are consuming around three times as much tissue as in Europe. Out of the"
"sheets (or two reams) will weigh , half of the four reams of cut paper resulting from the 20# basis ream of paper. Paper thickness, or caliper, is a common measurement specified and required for certain printing applications. Since a paper's density is typically not directly known or specified, the thickness of any sheet of paper cannot be calculated by any method. Instead, it is measured and specified separately as its caliper. However, paper thickness for most typical business papers might be similar across comparable brands. If thickness is not specified for a paper in question, it must be either"
"typical A4 sheet ( m) weighs 5 g. The unofficial unit symbol ""gsm"" instead of the standard ""g/m"" is also widely encountered in English speaking countries. Typically grammage is measured in paper mill on-line by a quality control system and verified by laboratory measurement. In countries that use US paper sizes, a less direct measure known as ""basis weight"" is used in addition to or instead of grammage. The basis weight of paper is the density of paper expressed in terms of the mass of a ream of given dimensions and a sheet count. In the US system, the weight"
"manufactures Printing and Writing Papers in substances ranging from 50 GSM to 90 GSM. Newsprint is normally manufactured in 49 Gsm reels and directly sold by the company to the various newspaper establishments such as The Hindu, Malayala Manorama, Ananda Bazaar Patrika and so on. Printing & Writing paper (PWP) is manufactured in reel and sheet forms with the Gsm (Grams per square meter – basis weight of the paper) varying from 50 to 80. Various sizes of reels and sheets are also cut to suit the customer requirements. Some of the major end-use segments of PWP are printing applications,"
"Paperboard Paperboard is a thick paper-based material. While there is no rigid differentiation between paper and paperboard, paperboard is generally thicker (usually over 0.30 mm, 0.012 in, or 12 points) than paper and has certain superior attributes such as foldability and rigidity. According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a grammage above 250 g/m, but there are exceptions. Paperboard can be single- or multi-ply. Paperboard can be easily cut and formed, is lightweight, and because it is strong, is used in packaging. Another end-use is high quality graphic printing, such as book and magazine covers or postcards. Paperboard"
"GSM GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in December 1991. , it has become the global standard for mobile communications – with over 90% market share, operating in over 193 countries and territories. 2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to"
"Area density The areal density (also known as area density, surface density, superficial density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is: kilogram per square metre (kg·m). In the paper and fabric industries, it is called grammage and is expressed in grams per square meter (gsm); for paper in particular, it may be expressed as pounds per ream of standard sizes (""basis ream""). It can be calculated as: or where, A special type of area density is called column (mass) density (also columnar mass density), denoted ""ρ"" or"
"people are now using GSM. Five main standards of GSM exist: GSM 400, GSM 850, GSM 900, GSM-1800 (DCS) and GSM1900 (PCS). GSM 850 and GSM 1900 is used in North America, parts of Latin America and parts of Africa. In Europe, Asia and Australia GSM 900/1800 standard is used. GSM consists of two components: the mobile radio telephone and Subscriber Identity Module. GSM is a cellular network, which is a radio network made up of a number of cells. For each cell, the transmitter (known as a base station) is transmitting and receiving signals. The base station is controlled"
"typically between 0.07 mm and 0.18 mm thick, with ordinary printer paper or copy paper approximately a tenth of a millimetre thick. Millimetre The millimetre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length. Therefore, there are one thousand millimetres in a metre. There are ten millimetres in a centimetre. One millimetre is equal to micrometres or nanometres. A millimetre is equal to exactly (approximately"
"used in furniture design. Watercolor paper has a long history of production and use. The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in micrometers (µm) in the rest of the world. Paper may be between thick. Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying ""basic sizes"", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb,"
"outer covering on paperboard tubes, particularly those used in model rocketry, for water protection. Glassine Glassine is a smooth and glossy paper that is air, water and grease resistant. It is usually available in densities between 50–90 g/m. It is translucent unless dyes are added to color it or make it opaque. It is manufactured by supercalendering: after pressing and drying, the paper web is passed through a stack of alternating steel and fiber-covered rolls called a supercalender at the end of the paper machine such that the paper fibres flatten facing in the same direction. Glassine is most commonly"
"of instruments are available on the market: 60° single angle instruments, a combination of 20° and 60° and one type that combines 20°, 60° and 85°. Two additional angles are used for other materials. An angle of 45° is specified for the measurement of ceramics, films, textiles and anodised aluminium, whilst 75° is specified for paper and printed materials. The measurement scale, gloss units (GU), of a glossmeter is a scaling based on a highly polished reference black glass standard with a defined refractive index having a specular reflectance of 100GU at the specified angle. This standard is used to"
"Glassine Glassine is a smooth and glossy paper that is air, water and grease resistant. It is usually available in densities between 50–90 g/m. It is translucent unless dyes are added to color it or make it opaque. It is manufactured by supercalendering: after pressing and drying, the paper web is passed through a stack of alternating steel and fiber-covered rolls called a supercalender at the end of the paper machine such that the paper fibres flatten facing in the same direction. Glassine is most commonly used as a base for further silicone coating for manufacture of release liner. Glassine"
"quantity of type columnar mass density. Area density The areal density (also known as area density, surface density, superficial density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area. The SI derived unit is: kilogram per square metre (kg·m). In the paper and fabric industries, it is called grammage and is expressed in grams per square meter (gsm); for paper in particular, it may be expressed as pounds per ream of standard sizes (""basis ream""). It can be calculated as: or where, A special type of area density is called column (mass) density (also"
"Paper and ink testing List of paper and Ink tests for Print production A variety of tests are used to determine ink and paper and paperboard quality, and to measure their interactions. They are necessary to balance print quality, cost, and wear on the press. Some of the important paper and ink tests are listed here: A wide variety of paper tests are available, depending on the specific needs and on the governing contract or specification:. Major paper properties are widely classified into four categories. The mass per area of the paper is measured as gsm (grams per square meter)."
"Special fine paper Special fine paper is a classification of paper used for copying and digital printing. Copy paper is used for copying and laser printers. The basis weight is 70-90 g/m² (approximately 18-24 lb) and ISO brightness 80-96%. It is made of 90–100% virgin chemical pulp or 100% deinked pulp with total pigment content of 10-15%. The most important quality is smooth run in a copying machine / printer and good dimensional stability. It must not show curling or cockling, nor may it retain dust. Digital printing paper is also called ""electronic printing paper"". The basis weight is 40-400"
"the market place. E.g. in North America the top 5 producers have a market share of 85%. Paperboard Paperboard is a thick paper-based material. While there is no rigid differentiation between paper and paperboard, paperboard is generally thicker (usually over 0.30 mm, 0.012 in, or 12 points) than paper and has certain superior attributes such as foldability and rigidity. According to ISO standards, paperboard is a paper with a grammage above 250 g/m, but there are exceptions. Paperboard can be single- or multi-ply. Paperboard can be easily cut and formed, is lightweight, and because it is strong, is used in"
"be Volume 15 (120×10/80), whereas a low bulk 80 g/m² may have a caliper of 88 micrometres, giving a volume 11. This volume basis then allows the calculation of a book's PPI (printed pages per inch), which is an important factor for the design of book jackets and the binding of the finished book. Different paper qualities can be used as book paper depending on the type of book. Machine-finished coated papers, woodfree uncoated papers, coated fine papers, and special fine papers are common paper grades. Book paper A book paper (or publishing paper) is a paper that is designed"
"be designed to reduce a page from A4 to A5 or to enlarge a page from A4 to A3. Similarly, two sheets of A4 can be scaled down to fit one A4 sheet without excess empty paper. This system also simplifies calculating the weight of paper. Under ISO 536, paper's grammage is defined as a sheet's weight in grams (g) per area in square metres (abbreviated g/m or gsm). Since an A0 sheet has an area of 1 m, its weight in grams is the same as its grammage. One can derive the grammage of other sizes by arithmetic division"
"resistance and wet strength to the paper, or to protect against ultraviolet radiation. ""Machine-finished coated paper"" (MFC) has a basis weight of 48–80 g/m. They have good surface properties, high print gloss and adequate sheet stiffness. MFC papers are made of 60–85% groundwood or TMP and 15–40% chemical pulp with a total pigment content of 20–30%. The paper can be soft nip calendered or supercalendered. These are often used in paperbacks. ""Coated fine paper"" or ""woodfree coated paper"" (WFC) are primarily produced for offset printing: Other types of paper coatings include polyethylene or polyolefin extrusion coating, silicone, and wax coating"
"The number refers to the weight in ounces of a given amount of fabric, either a yard of a given width, or a square yard. The most common unit of measure for the copper thickness on a printed circuit board (PCB) is ounces (oz). It is the resulting thickness when 1 oz of copper is pressed flat and spread evenly over a one-square-foot area. This roughly equals 34.7 µm. Ounce The ounce (abbreviated oz; apothecary symbol: ℥) is a unit of mass, weight, or volume used in most British derived customary systems of measurement. The common avoirdupois ounce (approximately )"
"to (140*8)/7=160, that is 160 GSM 7-bit characters (but note that the ESC code counts for one of them, if characters in the high part of the table are used). Longer messages may be sent, but will require a continuation prefix and a sequence number on subsequent SMS messages (these prefix bytes and sequence number are counted within the maximum length of the 140-octet payload of the envelope format). When there are 1 to 6 spare bits in the last octet of a message, these bits are set to zero (these bits do not count as a character but only"
"as ""Coarse"", ""Medium"" and ""Fine"", but it is unclear to what standards these names refer. The following table, compiled from the references at the bottom, compares the CAMI and ""P"" designations with the average grit size in micrometres (µm). Sandpaper Sandpaper and glasspaper are names used for a type of coated abrasive that consists of sheets of paper or cloth with abrasive material glued to one face. Despite the use of the names neither sand nor glass are now used in the manufacture of these products as they have been replaced by other abrasives such as aluminium oxide or silicon"
"Gram The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin """", from Greek , ""grámma"") is a metric system unit of mass. Originally defined as ""the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre [1 cm], and at the temperature of melting ice"" (later at 4 °C, the temperature of maximum density of water). However, in a reversal of reference and defined units, a gram is now defined as one thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10 kg, which itself is ""now defined"" by the"