"taken. The official set of rules and rules interpretations are reviewed and published annually by each country's polo association. Most of the smaller associations follow the rules of the Hurlingham Polo Association, the national governing body of the sport of polo in the United Kingdom, and the United States Polo Association. Outdoor or field polo consists of four to eight 7-minute chukkas, between or during which players change mounts. At the end of each 7 minute chukka, play continues for an additional 30 seconds or until a stoppage in play, whichever comes first. There is a four-minute interval between chukkas"
"two horses per game, though most players use one horse throughout. The game is played in four periods of 15 minutes each, called, as in regular polo, ""chukkas."" There are mandatory four-minute rest periods at the end of each chukka and a nine-minute break at half time. Each team is allowed four two-minute time outs during the game. Teams switch ends at each chukka. The field is divided widthwise into four sections or zones, and one center zone of . Each team has one player assigned to each zone with the goal of hitting the ball toward the opponents' goal."
"polo allows for one timeout during each period of play per team, including shootouts. The duration of the timeout is one minute. NCAA and NFHS: NCAA and NFHS allows for three timeouts during regulation. If the game goes into overtime, each team is allowed one timeout for the duration of overtime. The penalty for calling a timeout during play without possession of the ball is the loss of the longest timeout with a penalty foul going against the team. Water Polo referees utilize red and yellow cards when handling bench conduct. A verbal warning may be issued depending on the"
"Beach polo Beach polo is a team sport and close variant of arena polo. A game of beach polo consists of two three-player teams as opposed to the usual four-player teams in field polo. A game consists of four seven-minute periods of play, called chukkers. The game is played in an enclosed sand arena with sideboards of approximately four feet in height, designed to keep the ball in play. Depending on playing areas available, some of the playing arenas have enclosed ends while others allow for 20 yards of run out room for the horses, past the end line, and"
"downfield to riders who had broken away from the pack at a full gallop. In the late 1950s, champion polo player and Director of the Long Island Polo Association, Walter Scanlon, introduced the ""short form"", or ""European"" style, four period match, to the game of polo. The rules of polo are written for the safety of both players and horses. Games are monitored by umpires. A whistle is blown when an infraction occurs, and penalties are awarded. Strategic plays in polo are based on the ""line of the ball"", an imaginary line that extends through the ball in the line"
"polo tournament in September 2012 while New Zealand planned staged a tournament in December 2013, and Croatia created their first beach polo event in 2016. Beach polo Beach polo is a team sport and close variant of arena polo. A game of beach polo consists of two three-player teams as opposed to the usual four-player teams in field polo. A game consists of four seven-minute periods of play, called chukkers. The game is played in an enclosed sand arena with sideboards of approximately four feet in height, designed to keep the ball in play. Depending on playing areas available, some"
"often supported by sponsorship The game is played by two opposing teams with the objective of scoring goals by hitting a small hard ball with a long-handled wooden mallet, and through the opposing team's goal. Each team has four mounted riders, and the game usually lasts one to two hours, divided into periods called chukkas (or ""chukkers""). Arena polo has similar rules, and is played with three players per team. The playing area is smaller, enclosed, and usually of compacted sand or fine aggregate, often indoors. Arena polo has more maneuvering due to space limitations, and uses an air inflated"
"minutes interval. During intervals the locals enthrall the audiences with traditional and cultural performances. The game decided in favour of the team scoring more goals. The final is held on 9 July. The field measures about 200 meters by 56 meters (normal polo field is about 270m by 150m), with 60 cm high stone walls running the length of the field on both sides instead of boards. As six players make up one side, the field can get fairly crowded. This has the advantage of slightly slowing down the pace, which, all things considered, is probably somewhat safety-enhancing. Players rarely"
"Arena polo Arena polo is a fast-paced version of polo played outdoors on an enclosed all-weather surface, or in an indoor arena. Hurlingham Polo Association (HPA, Great Britain) and US Polo Association (USPA, USA ) have established their own rules for arena polo, and these rules are often used in other countries as well. Unlike outdoor polo, which is played on a 10-acre field, arena polo is played on 300 feet by 150 feet field, enclosed by walls of four or more feet in height. The normal game consists of four chukkas, or periods, of seven and one-half minutes each."
"and a ten-minute halftime. Play is continuous and is only stopped for rule infractions, broken tack (equipment) or injury to horse or player. The object is to score goals by hitting the ball between the goal posts, no matter how high in the air. If the ball goes wide of the goal, the defending team is allowed a free 'knock-in' from the place where the ball crossed the goal line, thus getting ball back into play. Arena polo has rules similar to the field version, and is less strenuous for the player. It is played in a enclosed arena, much"
"four to six chukkas per match, each chukka lasting seven and a half minutes, with the horse being on the move throughout. It is typical for a single player to have numerous horses available for each match, using a separate horse for each chukka, sometimes two. Thus there are significant costs of ownership and time required for exercise and conditioning of a polo string. Polo ponies have their manes hogged and their tails plaited up before a match, so that the polo mallet will not get tangled in them. Formerly, their tails would be docked and banged. Today, polo ponies"
"A regulation match consists of four 8 minute quarters, known in polo as ""chukkers."" The ball can be struck with the mallet or any part of a player’s body or Segway but may only be directed using the mallet. A goal can not be scored off of any part of a player’s body or Segway unless it occurs accidentally. Although not a major sport, Segway polo is gaining popularity and teams have begun forming in the United States, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Barbados, Lebanon, the United Kingdom, Holland and Spain among others. The International Segway Polo Association (ISPA) has been established"
"respectively), two drivers (also called ""flats"", located on or near the 5-meter, roughly at the goal posts, respectively), and one ""point"" (usually just behind the 5 meter, roughly in the center of the goal, respectively), positioned farthest from the goal. The wings, drivers and point are often called the perimeter players; while the hole-set directs play. There is a typical numbering system for these positions in U.S. NCAA men's division one polo. Beginning with the offensive wing to the opposing goalie's right side is called one. The flat in a counter clockwise from one is called two. Moving along in"
"Water polo Water polo is a competitive team sport played in the water between two teams. The game consists of four quarters in which the two teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with the most goals at the end of the game wins the match. Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper. Except for the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles. Water polo is typically played in an all-deep pool meaning that players cannot touch the bottom. A game of water polo"
"Polo Polo is a horseback mounted team sport. It is one of the world's oldest known team sports. The current game in its modern form originated in Manipur, a northeastern state in India, and was propagated by officers of the British military in the mid 19th century. It is now popular around the world, with well over 100 member countries in the Federation of International Polo. It is played professionally in 16 countries. It was an Olympic sport from 1900 to 1936. It is known as the sport of kings. It has become a spectator sport for equestrians and society,"
"overtime in international water polo, and games proceed to a shootout if a victor is required. At the collegiate level there are two straight 3-minute periods, and if still tied multiple 3-minute golden goal overtime periods thereafter. Lower levels of play have different overtime rules depending on the organization. The game clock is stopped when the ball is not in play (between a foul being committed and the free throw being taken, and between a goal being scored and the restart). As a result, the average quarter lasts around 12 minutes real time. A team may not have possession of"
"the court at one time, but there is a bench of players that can be substituted throughout the game. Squad format games tend to be longer in duration, typically 30-60 minutes. There is usually a team captain in charge of substitutions, who may or may not be a player. Rather than use traditional wooden polo mallets, Hardcourt Bike Polo players started making handmade mallets in the spirit of the DIY ethic. Since then, a number of companies have appeared, which are producing more distinct equipment, specifically for bike polo. Typical mallets are constructed using heads made from UHMW, and aluminium"
"of polo though it can also be seen as the precursor of modern outdoor polo. Polo Polo is a horseback mounted team sport. It is one of the world's oldest known team sports. The current game in its modern form originated in Manipur, a northeastern state in India, and was propagated by officers of the British military in the mid 19th century. It is now popular around the world, with well over 100 member countries in the Federation of International Polo. It is played professionally in 16 countries. It was an Olympic sport from 1900 to 1936. It is known"
"Canoe polo Canoe polo, also known as Kayak polo, is one of the competitive disciplines of kayaking, known simply as ""polo"" by its aficionados. Polo combines boating and ball handling skills with a contact team game, where tactics and positional play are as important as the speed and fitness of the individual athletes. The game requires excellent teamwork and promotes both general canoeing skills and a range of other techniques unique to the sport. Each team has five players on the pitch (and up to three substitutes), who compete to score in their opponents goal which is suspended two metres"
"into three ""periods"". A fourth period of overtime may be played in the event of a tie at the end of the third period. Cricket and baseball games are divided into ""innings"". In baseball, each inning consists of each team batting until three players on the team are out. Additional innings may be played if the game is tied after the ninth or subsequent innings. Curling contests consist of a number of ""ends"", where each player on each team throws all of their stones. Playing period Playing period is a division of time in a sports or games, in which"
"death periods if the tie persists after the 2 periods of play. Tournaments can modify their rules to incorporate regulation, sudden death immediately following 4 periods of the game, or a shoot-out. The game of water polo requires numerous officials. The four main categories are: referee, secretary, timekeeper and goal judge. These can again be qualified into two broader categories: game officials and table officials. The game officials in water polo consist of the referee(s), exclusion secretary, game/shot clock operator(s), and goal judges. Game officials are broadly responsible for ensuring the game runs smoothly and that correct and fair decisions"
"goal line with the wide end of the mallet is called a ""shuffle"". When your team scores a goal, you wait back in your end for the other team (player or ball, whichever comes first) to cross half before engaging in play again. The North American Hardcourt Bike Polo Association has created an official ruleset, which has helped standardize rules across the globe. The game was invented in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1891 by retired champion cyclist Richard J. Mecredy, editor of ""The Irish Cyclist"" magazine. In October of that year the first cycle polo match was played at the"
"water polo team wears green caps. For NFHS, CWPA, and NCAA rules (United States) the home team is dark and the away team is white. The water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and the numbers on them (1-13) make them identifiable from afar, especially by the referee(s). Both goalies wear red caps. The first choice goalkeeper is usually marked ""1"" with the reserve being marked ""13"" (under FINA rules) or ""1A"" (under NCAA and NFHS rules). The game is divided into four periods; the length depends on the level of play. There is no"
"Tennis polo Tennis polo (or toccer) is a field sport where two teams of ten players (nine field players and one goalkeeper) use a tennis ball to score goals by throwing the ball into a goal defended by a keeper who holds a racquet. Tennis polo shares elements of sports such as field handball, the Gaelic sport of hurling, football, and lacrosse. The game may also be played where all field players have racquets including the goalkeeper. The sport is interchangeably referred to as ""tennis polo"" or ""toccer"". There are players in 18 countries including Canada, Mexico, United States, Italy,"
"Polo handicap A polo handicap is a system created by Henry Lloyd Herbert, the first president of the United States Polo Association, at the founding of the USPA in 1890 so teams could be more evenly matched when using players with varying abilities. The players are rated on a scale from minus-2 to 10. Minus-2 indicates a novice player, while a player rated at 10 goals has the highest handicap possible. It is so difficult to attain a 10-goal handicap that there are fewer than two dozen in the world, and about two-thirds of all players handicapped are rated at"
"and to signal improper restart at the beginning of quarters. The goal judge is situated (normally sat) perfectly in line with the goal line - one at either end and usually on opposite sides. They remain seated throughout the game. The table officials in water polo are the timekeeper(s) and the secretary/secretaries. They are overall responsible for the timings of the game and keeping correct information regarding the events of the game, as well as informing of the players of very specific information (notably to do with personal fouls). The timekeeper (or timekeepers) have varying responsibilities depending on the equipment"
"500 kilos. Each player must have more than one horse, to allow for tired mounts to be replaced by fresh ones between or even during chukkas. A player's ""string"" of polo ponies may number 2 or 3 in Low Goal matches (with ponies being rested for at least a chukka before reuse), 4 or more for Medium Goal matches (at least one per chukka), and even more for the highest levels of competition. Each team consists of four mounted players, which can be mixed teams of both men and women. Each position assigned to a player has certain responsibilities: Polo"
"International Polo Cup The International Polo Cup, also called the Newport Cup and the Westchester Cup, is a trophy in polo that was created in 1876 and was played for by teams from the United States and United Kingdom. The match has varied in length over the years from a single game to the best of three games. In 1886 the two nations decided to make the polo match a continuing competition. A total of 12 matches were conducted between 1886 and 1939 between the two countries. The tournament was suspended during World War II and, due to changing times"
"in a ""turnover"" which means the offending player has to hand the ball over to the other team. Water polo is an intensely aggressive sport, so fouls are very common and result in a free throw during which the player cannot shoot at the goal unless beyond the ""5 meter"" line. If a foul is called outside the 5 meter line, the player may either shoot, pass or continue swimming with the ball. A goal is scored if the ball completely passes between the goal posts and is underneath the crossbar. If a shot bounces off a goal post back"
"head coach by handing a green time-out card to the match official, and can only be called when the team is in possession of the ball. In volleyball, the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) stipulates two 30-second time-outs allowed per team, per set. In FIVB World and Official Competitions, there are two additional 60-second technical time-outs in each set when the leading team reaches the 8th and 16th points, however there is no technical time-out in a tie-breaking set (5th set) (though there is a change of ends at 8 points). In water polo, each team is entitled two sixty-second"
"the year. The sport waned in popularity during the late 1920s, mostly due to the high cost of replacing vehicles, but did have a brief resurgence in the Midwestern United States after World War II. A recent variant of auto polo played with motorcycles, called ""moto polo"", was developed in Rwanda in 2008 by Sam and James Dargan. The game is played in 15-minute quarters with five players per team using mallets to hit a ball made of banana leaves. The sport has few definite rules beyond ""motorcyclists cannot use their feet to kick the ball and players cannot stick"
"Cycle polo Cycle polo is a team sport, similar to traditional polo, except that bicycles are used instead of horses. There are two versions of the sport: grass and Hardcourt Bike Polo. The hardcourt game saw a sharp spike in interest in the first decade of the 21st century and new teams are sprouting up across the world - in China, Canada, Ireland, Switzerland, France, India, Germany, Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Hungary, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, England, Scotland, Argentina, Italy, Spain, USA, Poland, Croatia, Slovenia, Lithuania, Nepal, Brazil and Cuba. Traditional cycle polo is played in a rectangular grass"
"of periods. Thus it will either occur 2, 4 or 6 times in a match, depending on whether the match is in halves, quarters or in quarters and extends to extra time. Players can move the ball by throwing it to a teammate or swimming with the ball in front of them. Players are not permitted to push the ball underwater in order to keep it from an opponent, or push or hold an opposing player unless that player is holding the ball. If a player does push the ball underwater when it is in their possession, that will result"