"activities. Celery contains phenolic acid, which is an antioxidant. Apiin and apigenin can be extracted from celery and parsley. Lunularin is a dihydrostilbenoid found in common celery. The main chemicals responsible for the aroma and taste of celery are butylphthalide and sedanolide. Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf note that celery leaves and inflorescences were part of the garlands found in the tomb of pharaoh Tutankhamun (died 1323 BC), and celery mericarps dated to the seventh century BC were recovered in the Heraion of Samos. However, they note ""since ""A. graveolens"" grows wild in these areas, it is hard to decide"
"the Latin ""selinon"", borrowed from Greek. Celery Celery (""Apium graveolens"") is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, leaves, or hypocotyl are eaten and used in cooking. Celery seed is also used as a spice and its extracts have been used in herbal medicine. Celery leaves are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets long and broad. The flowers are creamy-white, in diameter, and are produced in dense compound umbels. The seeds are broad ovoid"
"Celery Celery (""Apium graveolens"") is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, leaves, or hypocotyl are eaten and used in cooking. Celery seed is also used as a spice and its extracts have been used in herbal medicine. Celery leaves are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets long and broad. The flowers are creamy-white, in diameter, and are produced in dense compound umbels. The seeds are broad ovoid to globose, long and wide. Modern"
"Onion The onion (""Allium cepa"" L., from Latin ""cepa"" ""onion""), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ""Allium"". Its close relatives include the garlic, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (""Allium fistulosum""), the tree onion (""A."" ×""proliferum""), and the Canada onion (""Allium canadense""). The name ""wild onion"" is applied to a number of ""Allium"" species, but ""A. cepa"" is exclusively known from cultivation. Its"
"familiar plants are eudicots, including many common food plants, trees, and ornamentals. Some common and familiar eudicots include members of the sunflower family such as the common dandelion, the forget-me-not, cabbage and other members of its family, apple, buttercup, maple, and macadamia. Most leafy trees of midlatitudes also belong to eudicots, with notable exceptions being magnolias and tulip trees which belong to magnoliids, and ""Ginkgo biloba"", which is not an angiosperm. The name ""eudicots"" (plural) is used in the APG system, of 1998, and APG II system, of 2003, for classification of angiosperms. It is applied to a clade, a"
"Salvia Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, with nearly 1000 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals. Within the Lamiaceae, ""Salvia"" is part of the tribe Mentheae within the subfamily Nepetoideae. It is one of several genera commonly referred to as sage, it includes the widely produced herb used in cooking, ""Salvia officinalis"" (common sage, or just ""sage""). The genus is distributed throughout the Old World and the Americas, with three distinct regions of diversity: Central and South America (approx. 500 species); Central Asia and Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90 species). The name"
"Apiales The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation and in particular, the Torriceliaceae may be divided. Under this definition, well-known members include carrots, celery, parsley, and ""Hedera helix"" (English ivy). The order Apiales is placed within the asterid group of eudicots as circumscribed by the APG III system. Within the asterids, Apiales belongs to an unranked group called the campanulids, and within the campanulids, it belongs to a clade known in phylogenetic nomenclature as Apiidae. In"
"Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the ""true sedges"" genus ""Carex"" with over 2,000 species. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in almost all environments, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands. Features distinguishing members of the"
"Ciclospermum leptophyllum Ciclospermum leptophyllum (also, ""Cyclospermum l."") is a species of plant in the celery family known by the common names marsh parsley, slender celery and fir-leaved celery. This is a plant found worldwide at warm temperate to tropical latitudes and is considered a noxious weed in many areas. It is a taprooted branching herb reaching just over half a meter in height at maximum. It has threadlike green leaves a few centimeters long and small umbels of spherical flowers. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that a common name included ""Wild Parsley"" and that ""It"
"and ""B. juncea"". ‘Brassica’ is Pliny's name for several cabbage-like plants. Brassica Brassica () is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called ""cole crops""derived from the Latin ""caulis"", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant. The genus ""Brassica"" is known for its important agricultural and horticultural crops and includes a number of weeds, both of wild taxa and escapees from cultivation. ""Brassica"" species and varieties commonly used for food include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, choy sum,"
"Celtis Celtis is a genus of about 60–70 species of deciduous trees, commonly known as hackberries or nettle trees, widespread in warm temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, in southern Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and southern and central North America, south to central Africa, and northern and central South America. The genus is present in the fossil record at least since the Miocene of Europe, and Paleocene of North America and eastern Asia. Previously included either in the elm family (Ulmaceae) or a separate family, Celtidaceae, the APG III system places ""Celtis"" in an expanded hemp family (Cannabaceae). The"
"a standardized suffix for plant family names in modern taxonomy. The genus name comes from the Classical Latin word ""cucurbita"", ""gourd"". Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae (), also called cucurbits and the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, the most important of which are: The plants in this family are grown around the tropics and in temperate areas, where those with edible fruits were among the earliest cultivated plants in both the Old and New Worlds. The Cucurbitaceae family ranks among the highest of plant families for number and percentage of species used"
"Coriander Coriander (; ""Coriandrum sativum""), also known as cilantro () or Chinese parsley, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. All parts of the plant are edible, but the fresh leaves and the dried seeds are the parts most traditionally used in cooking. Most people perceive the taste of coriander leaves as a tart, lemon/lime taste, but a smaller group, of about 4–14% of people tested, think the leaves taste like bath soap, as linked to a gene which detects aldehyde chemicals also present in soap. Coriander is native to regions spanning from southern Europe and northern Africa to"
"Legume A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), the seed of such a plant (also called pulse). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include alfalfa, clover, peas, chickpeas, lentils, lupin bean, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts and tamarind. A legume fruit is a simple dry fruit that develops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a ""pod"", although the term ""pod"" is also applied to a"
"the family is the ""potato family""), the tomato (""S. lycopersicum""), and the eggplant or aubergine (""S. melongena""). Another important genus, ""Capsicum"", produces both chili peppers and bell peppers. The genus ""Physalis"" produces the so-called groundcherries, as well as the tomatillo (""Physalis philadelphica""), the Cape gooseberry and the Chinese lantern. The genus ""Lycium"" contains the boxthorns and the wolfberry ""Lycium barbarum"". ""Nicotiana"" contains, among other species, tobacco. Some other important members of Solanaceae include a number of ornamental plants such as ""Petunia"", ""Browallia"", and ""Lycianthes"", and sources of psychoactive alkaloids, ""Datura"", ""Mandragora"" (mandrake), and ""Atropa belladonna"" (deadly nightshade). Certain species are"
"Brassica Brassica () is a genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Crops from this genus are sometimes called ""cole crops""derived from the Latin ""caulis"", denoting the stem or stalk of a plant. The genus ""Brassica"" is known for its important agricultural and horticultural crops and includes a number of weeds, both of wild taxa and escapees from cultivation. ""Brassica"" species and varieties commonly used for food include broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, choy sum, rutabaga, turnip and some seeds used in the production of canola"
"Melilotus Melilotus, known as melilot, sweet clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans), is a genus in the family Fabaceae (the same family that also includes the ""Trifolium"" clovers). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide. This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such, possibly acts as a means for the plant to"
"a prepared savoury dish, but can also be eaten raw or used to make pickles or chutneys. They are pungent when chopped and contain certain chemical substances which irritate the eyes. The onion plant (""Allium cepa""), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ""Allium."" It was first officially described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 work ""Species Plantarum"". A number of synonyms have appeared in its taxonomic history: ""A. cepa"" is known exclusively from cultivation, but related wild species occur in Central Asia. The most closely related species include"
"Calendula Calendula (), is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds. They are native to southwestern Asia, western Europe, Macaronesia, and the Mediterranean. Other plants are also known as marigolds, such as corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus ""Tagetes"". The genus name ""Calendula"" is a modern Latin diminutive of ""calendae"", meaning ""little calendar"", ""little clock"" or possibly ""little weather-glass"". The common name ""marigold"" refers to the Virgin Mary. The most commonly cultivated and used member of the genus is"
"Cicely Myrrhis odorata, with common names cicely (), sweet cicely, myrrh, garden myrrh, and sweet chervil, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the celery family Apiaceae. It is one of two accepted species in the genus Myrrhis. The genus name ""Myrrhis"" derives from the Greek word myrrhis [μυρρίς], an aromatic oil from Asia. The Latin species name ""odorata"" means ""scented"". ""Myrrhis odorata"" is a tall herbaceous perennial plant growing to 2 m [6 ft 6 in] tall, depending on circumstances. The leaves are fern-like, 2-4-pinnate, finely divided, feathery, up to 50 cm long, with whitish patches near the rachis."
"name. The genus ""Melilotus"" currently has nineteen recognized species: Melilotus Melilotus, known as melilot, sweet clover, and kumoniga (from the Cumans), is a genus in the family Fabaceae (the same family that also includes the ""Trifolium"" clovers). Members are known as common grassland plants and as weeds of cultivated ground. Originally from Europe and Asia, it is now found worldwide. This legume is commonly named for its sweet smell, which is due to the presence of coumarin in its tissues. Coumarin, though responsible for the sweet smell of hay and newly mowed grass, has a bitter taste, and, as such,"
"species) and ""Calligonum"" (80 species). The family is present worldwide, but is most diverse in the North Temperate Zone. Several species are cultivated as ornamentals. A few species of ""Triplaris"" provide lumber. The fruit of the sea grape (""Coccoloba uvifera"") is eaten, and in Florida, jelly is made from it and sold commercially. The seeds of two species of ""Fagopyrum"", known as buckwheat (""sarrasin"" in French), provide grain (its dark flour is known as ""blé noir"" (black wheat) in France). The petioles of rhubarb (""Rheum rhabarbarum"" and hybrids) are a food item. The leaves of the common sorrel (""Rumex acetosa"")"
"lookout by the wayside). It could open locked doors, according to European folklore. Chicory Common chicory, ""Cichorium intybus"", is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. ""sativum""), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. It"
"United States. This prohibition came into force after farmers complained about alleged market manipulation by Sam Siegel and Vincent Kosuga at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange two years earlier. The subsequent investigation provided economists with a unique case study into the effects of futures trading on agricultural prices. The act remains in effect . Onion The onion (""Allium cepa"" L., from Latin ""cepa"" ""onion""), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ""Allium"". Its close relatives include the garlic, leek, chive, and Chinese onion. This genus also"
"Chicory Common chicory, ""Cichorium intybus"", is a somewhat woody, perennial herbaceous plant of the dandelion family Asteraceae, usually with bright blue flowers, rarely white or pink. Many varieties are cultivated for salad leaves, chicons (blanched buds), or roots (var. ""sativum""), which are baked, ground, and used as a coffee substitute and food additive. In the 21st century, inulin, an extract from chicory root, has been used in food manufacturing as a sweetener and source of dietary fiber. Chicory is grown as a forage crop for livestock. It lives as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and is"
"bearing a single spikelet to over 100. Despite the variety, examination of the fruits and subterranean structures is required to distinguish species. Scleria Scleria is a genus of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. They are known commonly as nutrushes. They are distributed throughout the tropical world, and some have ranges extending into temperate areas. There are about 200 species. The genus name ""Scleria"" is Greek, meaning ""hardness"", in reference to the tough seeds. Plants of this genus are diverse in appearance. These are mostly perennial, but sometimes annual. Some have rhizomes. They produce solitary stems or clumps of"
"Flax Flax (""Linum usitatissimum""), also known as common flax or linseed, is a member of the genus ""Linum"" in the family Linaceae. It is a food and fiber crop cultivated in cooler regions of the world. The textiles made from flax are known in the Western countries as linen, and traditionally used for bed sheets, underclothes, and table linen. The oil is known as linseed oil. In addition to referring to the plant itself, the word ""flax"" may refer to the unspun fibers of the flax plant. The plant species is known only as a cultivated plant, and appears to"
"Celeriac Celeriac (""Apium graveolens"" var. ""rapaceum""), also called turnip-rooted celery, celery root, or knob celery, is a variety of celery cultivated for its edible stem or hypocotyl, and shoots. Despite its name, it is not a close relative of the turnip. Celeriac is like a root vegetable except it has a bulbous hypocotyl with many small roots attached. In the Mediterranean Basin and in Northern Europe, celeriac is widely cultivated. It is also cultivated in North Africa, Siberia, Southwest Asia, and North America. In North America, the 'Diamant' cultivar predominates. The root is cultivated in Puerto Rico, sold locally at"
"Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including ""Cannabis"" (hemp, marijuana), ""Humulus"" (hops) and ""Celtis"" (hackberries). ""Celtis"" is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species. Other than a shared evolutionary origin, members of the family have few common characteristics; some are trees (e.g. ""Celtis""), others are herbaceous plants (e.g. ""Cannabis""). Members of this family can be trees (e.g. ""Celtis""), erect herbs (e.g. ""Cannabis""), or twining herbs (e.g. ""Humulus""). Leaves are often more or less palmately lobed or palmately compound and always bear"
"Clover Clover or trefoil are common names for plants of the genus Trifolium (Latin, ""tres"" ""three"" + ""folium"" ""leaf""), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume or pea family Fabaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with highest diversity in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, but many species also occur in South America and Africa, including at high altitudes on mountains in the tropics. They are small annual, biennial, or short-lived perennial herbaceous plants. Clover can be evergreen. The leaves are trifoliate (rarely quatrefoiled; see four-leaf clover), cinquefoil, or septfoil), with stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk, and"
"such as carrot, parsley, dill, and fennel in the family Apiaceae; ivy, ""Aralia"" and ""Fatsia"" in the family Araliaceae; onion (""Allium"") in the family Alliaceae. An umbel is a type of indeterminate inflorescence. A compressed cyme, which is a determinate inflorescence, is called umbelliform if it resembles an umbel. Umbel An umbel is an inflorescence that consists of a number of short flower stalks (called pedicels) which spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botany in the 1590s, from Latin ""umbella"" ""parasol, sunshade"". The arrangement can vary from being flat topped to almost"
"Apium Apium (including celery and the marshworts) is a genus of about 20 species of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, with a subcosmopolitan distribution in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and Australia. They are medium to tall biennials or perennials growing up to 1 m high in the wet soil of marshes and salt marshes, and have pinnate to bipinnate leaves and small white flowers in compound umbels. Some species are edible, notably ""Apium graveolens"", which includes the commercially important vegetables celery, celeriac and Chinese celery. ""Apium bermejoi"" from the island of Menorca is one of the rarest plants"
"Cichorium Cichorium is a genus of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. The genus includes two cultivated species commonly known as chicory or endive, plus several wild species. Common chicory (""Cichorium intybus"") is a bushy perennial herb with blue or lavender (or, rarely, white or pink) flowers. It grows as a wild plant on roadsides in its native Europe, and in North America, where it has become naturalized. It is grown for its leaves, when it is known as leaf chicory, endive, radicchio, Belgian endive, French endive, or witloof. Other varieties are grown for their roots, which"