"between 1887 and 1892, with only the silver-backed coins remaining in circulation. The decline of the international price of silver during the 1890s prompted Ecuador to switch to the gold standard on November 3, 1898, with the sucre tied to 732.224 mg of fine gold (equivalent to 2 shillings sterling). Like many other currencies, the Sucre became inconvertible shortly after World War I began in 1914 due to international political tension. Despite extensive measures to support the sucre's value, the exchange rate continued to rapidly decline. The sucre's exchange rate was eventually stabilized during 1926, at which point Ecuador re-established"
"1999). This currency has code XSU in ISO 4217 standard currency list In 2013 Uruguay joined the currency. In 2018, the government of Venezuela proposed using the Petro, instead, for trade within ALBA. SUCRE The SUCRE (, English: Unified System for Regional Compensation) is a regional currency proposed for commercial exchanges between members of the regional trade bloc Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas (ALBA), which was created as an alternative to the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). The SUCRE is intended to replace the US dollar as a medium of exchange in order to decrease US influence and"
"its currency. The national currency, the ekwele, had previously been linked to the Spanish peseta. The discovery of large oil reserves in 1996 and its subsequent exploitation contributed to a dramatic increase in government revenue. , Equatorial Guinea is the third-largest oil producer in Sub-Saharan Africa. Its oil production has risen to , up from 220,000 only two years earlier. Forestry, farming, and fishing are also major components of GDP. Subsistence farming predominates. The deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has diminished any potential for agriculture-led growth. In July 2004, the United States Senate published an investigation"
"Antonio José de Sucre Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (; 1795–1830), known as the ""Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho"" (), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the fourth President of Peru and the second President of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen. The city of Sucre, Bolivia's capital, is named for him, as is a state of Venezuela and a department of Colombia. Both the old and new airports of Ecuador's capital Quito are also named after him. The aristocratic Sucre family traces its roots back to origins in Flanders. It arrived"
"capital of Bolivia, and renaming it in honor of the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre. After the economic decline of Potosí and its silver industry, Sucre lost the Bolivian seat of government when it was moved to La Paz in 1898. Many argue Sucre was the location of the beginning of the Latin American independence movement against Spain. The first ""Grito Libertario"" (Shout for Freedom) in any Western Hemisphere Spanish colony is said to have taken place in Sucre in 1809. From that point of view, Bolivia was the last Spanish imperial territory in South America to gain its"
"Peruvian sol (1863–1985) The sol was the currency of Peru between 1863 and 1985. It had the ISO 4217 currency code PES. It was subdivided into 10 ""dineros"" or 100 ""centavos"". The sol was introduced in 1863 when Peru completed its decimalization, replacing the ""real"" at a rate of 1 sol = 10 reales. The sol also replaced the Bolivian peso, which had circulated in southern Peru, at the rate of 1 sol = 1.25 Bolivian pesos. Between 1858 and 1863, coins had been issued denominated in reales, centavos and escudos. The sol was initially pegged to the French franc"
"and 25 per USD by 1970. The Sucre maintained a fairly stable exchange rate against the U.S. dollar until 1983 when it was devalued to 42 USD and a crawling peg was adopted. Depreciation increased rapidly and the Sucre’s free market rate was over 800 per USD by 1990 and nearly 3000 by 1995. The sucre lost 67% of its foreign exchange value during 1999; its value nosedived an additional 17% over the course of one week, ending at 25,000 sucre per USD on January 7, 2000. On January 9, President Jamil Mahuad announced that the US dollar was to"
"across South America. In 1825, after the decisive victory of the republicans at Ayacucho over the Spanish army in the course of the Spanish American wars of independence, the city's full name was changed to ""La Paz de Ayacucho"" (meaning ""The Peace of Ayacucho""). In 1898, La Paz was made the ""de facto"" seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution"
"South American economic crisis of 2002 The South American economic crisis is the economic disturbances which have developed in 2002 in the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The Argentinian economy was suffering from sustained deficit spending and an extremely high debt overhang, and one of its attempted reforms included fixing its exchange rates to the US dollar. When Brazil, as its largest neighbor and trading partner, devalued its own currency in 1999, the Argentinian peg to the US dollar prevented it from matching any of that devaluation, leaving its tradeable goods to be less competitive with Brazilian"
"their wealth is politically and economically horizontally and vertically integrated. Nicaragua is currently a member of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas, which is also known as ALBA. ALBA has proposed creating a new currency, the Sucre, for use among its members. In essence, this means that the Nicaraguan córdoba will be replaced with the Sucre. Other nations that will follow a similar pattern include: Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Honduras, Cuba, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica and Antigua and Barbuda. Nicaragua is considering construction of a canal linking the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, which President Daniel Ortega has said"
"Brazilian cruzeiro The cruzeiro () was the currency of Brazil from 1942 to 1986 (two distinct currencies) and again between 1990 and 1993. In 1994 it was replaced with the real. The name refers to the constellation of the Southern Cross, known in Brazil as ""Cruzeiro do Sul"", or simply ""Cruzeiro"". Visible only in the Southern Hemisphere, the Southern Cross is the main astronomical reference to identify the south and is a common cultural icon in Brazilian history. The first ""cruzeiro"" circulated between 1942 and 1967 and had the symbol Cr$ or ₢ (in Unicode ). The ₢ sign was"
"soles notes were added, followed by 50,000 soles in 1981. Peruvian sol (1863–1985) The sol was the currency of Peru between 1863 and 1985. It had the ISO 4217 currency code PES. It was subdivided into 10 ""dineros"" or 100 ""centavos"". The sol was introduced in 1863 when Peru completed its decimalization, replacing the ""real"" at a rate of 1 sol = 10 reales. The sol also replaced the Bolivian peso, which had circulated in southern Peru, at the rate of 1 sol = 1.25 Bolivian pesos. Between 1858 and 1863, coins had been issued denominated in reales, centavos and"
"1998–99 Ecuador financial crisis The 1998-1999 Ecuador financial crisis was a period of economic instability that resulted from a combined banking crisis, currency crisis, and sovereign debt crisis. Severe inflation and devaluation of the Ecuadorean Sucre lead to President Jamil Mahuad announcing on January 9, 2000 that the US dollar would be adopted as the national currency. Poor economic conditions and subsequent protests against the government resulted in the 2000 Ecuadorian ""coup d’état"" in which Jamil Mahuad was forced to resign and was replaced by his Vice President, Gustavo Noboa. Throughout the 20th century, Ecuador was one of the poorer"
"Surinamese guilder The guilder (; ISO 4217 code: ""SRG"") was the currency of Suriname until 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. It was divided into 100 cents. Until the 1940s, the plural in Dutch was ""cents"", with ""centen"" appearing on some early paper money, but after the 1940s the Dutch plural became ""cent"". The Surinamese guilder was initially at par with the Dutch guilder. In 1940, following the occupation of the Netherlands, the currency (along with the Netherlands Antillean guilder) was tied to the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1.88585 guilders = 1 dollar. The Surinamese"
"Sucre depreciated rapidly at the end of 1999, resulting in widespread informal use of U.S. dollars in the financial system. As a last resort to prevent hyperinflation, the government formally adopted the U.S. dollar in January 2000. The stability of the new currency was a necessary first step towards economic recovery, but the exchange rate was fixed at 25,000:1, which resulted in great losses of wealth. The severe effects of the financial crisis were especially visible in Ecuador because of the preexisting problems of poverty and national inequality. The general economic uncertainty resulted in loss of jobs and wealth, which"
"ALBA leaders agreed at a summit in Bolivia to create a common regional currency. ""The document is approved,"" said Bolivian President Evo Morales, the summit host. President Hugo Chávez (Venezuela) announced ""The sucre [is] an autonomous and sovereign monetary system that will be agreed upon today so that it can be implemented in 2010."" As of 2015, the virtual currency is being used to compensate trade between Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and especially Ecuador and Venezuela. In addition, Suriname is a ""special guest member"" that intends to become a full member. Established in 2005 and based on earlier agreements between ALBA"
"guilder suffered from high inflation in the beginning of the 1990s. It was replaced by the Surinamese dollar on 1 January 2004 at a rate of 1 dollar = 1000 guilders. To save cost of manufacturing, coins of less than 5 guilders (all denominated in cents) were made legal for their face value in the new currency. Thus, these coins increased their purchasing power by 1000 fold overnight. Until 1942, Dutch coins circulated in Suriname. Starting that year, coins were minted in the United States for use in Netherlands Guiana, some of which also circulated in the Netherlands Antilles. These"
"Salvadoran colón The colón was the currency of El Salvador between 1892 and 2001, until it was replaced by the U.S. Dollar. It was subdivided into 100 centavos and its ISO 4217 code was SVC. The plural is colones in Spanish and was named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristóbal Colón in Spanish. The symbol for the colón is a ""c"" with two slashes. The symbol ""₡"" has Unicode code point U+20A1, and the decimal representation is 8353. In HTML it can be entered as ₡. The colón sign is not to be confused with the cent sign (¢), which"
"Gaucho (currency) The Gaucho was the name of a currency intended to be used by Argentina and Brazil in the context of the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (Spanish: Programa de Integración y Cooperación Económica Argentina-Brasil) to make interregional payments. It was named after the gauchos typical of both Argentina and Southern Brazil. After the signing of the Protocol Number 20, in 1987, no further action was ever taken by any of the countries to effectively put the currency into use. Mercosur, an economic bloc including Brazil and Argentina, establishing broader economic integration, was created in 1991,"
"the other in Burgos. Silver 2000-peseta coins have been minted every year since 1994. Each year a €12 silver coin is released to continue this tradition in the new currency. The first of such was in 2002 celebrating Spain’s presidency of the E.U. Each of the participating countries issues a sister coin dedicated to a particular theme. Each coin also depicts the coat of arms of the other countries. The participants are Argentina, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru & Portugal. In 2003 the 5th series was released the theme was ""Sailing"", this was later followed by the 6th"
"held on July 12, 1998. Mahuad won by a narrow margin. He took office on August 10, 1998. On the same day, Ecuador's new constitution came into effect. Mahuad concluded a well-received peace with Peru on October 26, 1998, but increasing economic, fiscal, and financial difficulties drove his popularity steadily lower. However, the coup de grace for Mahuad's administration was Mahuad's decision to make the local currency, the sucre (named after Antonio José de Sucre), obsolete and replace it with the U.S. dollar (a policy called dollarization). This caused massive unrest as the lower classes struggled to convert their now"
"and the first banknotes on November 13, 1991. Since that time, the sol has retained an inflation rate of 1.5%, the lowest ever in either South America or Latin America as a whole. Since the new currency was put into effect, it has managed to maintain a stable exchange rate between 2.2 and 3.66 per United States dollar. The current coins were introduced in 1991 in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ""céntimos"" and 1 sol. The 2- and 5-sol coins were added in 1994. Although one- and five-""céntimo"" coins are officially in circulation, they are very rarely"
"Sur, Dutch: Bank van het Zuiden, English: Bank of the South) will establish monetary policy and finance development projects. One of the objectives of monetary union is to establish a Single South American currency. Support for the creation of this currency was provided in January 2007 by Peruvian President Alan García, and other South American authorities expressed themselves in favor, as Bolivian President Evo Morales in April of that year, who proposed that the currency Only one denominated ""Pacha"" (""earth"" in Quechua language), however, except for the right of each country to suggest a name for the common currency. The"
"Lower levels of currency cooperation have been practiced in the Americas before. Some nations such as Argentina and Brazil have at times tied their currency to the U.S. dollar. Some of them, such as Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, and the Organisation of the Eastern Caribbean, still do. The U.S. dollar is officially accepted alongside local currencies in El Salvador (since 2001), Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Peru, Honduras, Panama, Bermuda and Barbados, although in practice two of these countries (El Salvador and Panama) are fully dollarized. In 2000, Ecuador officially adopted the U.S. dollar as its sole currency. In a few areas of"
"twentieth century, as a consequence of Sucre's relative remoteness from economic activity after the decline of Potosí and its silver industry and of the Liberal Party in the War of 1899. The 2009 Constitution assigns the role of national capital to Sucre, not referring to La Paz in the text. In addition to being the constitutional capital, the Supreme Court of Bolivia is located in Sucre, making it the judicial capital. Nonetheless, the Palacio Quemado (the Presidential Palace and seat of Bolivian executive power) is located in La Paz, as are the National Congress and Plurinational Electoral Organ. La Paz"
"Sucre Sucre () is the constitutional capital of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the 6th most populated city in Bolivia. Located in the south-central part of the country, Sucre lies at an elevation of 2,810 meters (9,214 feet). This relatively high altitude gives the city a cool temperate climate year-round. On November 30, 1538, Sucre was founded under the name ""Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo"" (City of Silver of New Toledo) by Pedro Anzures, Marqués de Campo Redondo. In 1559, the Spanish King Philip II established the ""Audiencia de Charcas"" in La Plata with"
"The color of the 1-sucre note was changed in 1897, copper-nickel, dated 1884–1886 silver 900 fine dated 1884–1916 Sucre (S/.) = 10 Décimos = 100 Centavos The gold standard was adopted November 3, 1898, the gold coin to be called the ""cóndor ecuatoriano"", 8.136 g, 900 fine, with a value of 10 sucres. This made the sucre equal to 732.22382 mg fine gold or 2 shillings sterling. Gold par was 10 sucres per pound sterling, 2.055 per US$1, and 2.522 francs per sucre. Silver pieces were the peseta (2 décimos), the real or décimo (10 centavos), and the medio (5"
"Bank of the South The Bank of the South (, , ) or BancoSur is a monetary fund and lending organization established on 26 September 2009 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Bolivia and Venezuela with promises of initial capital of US$20 billion. Argentina, Venezuela, and Brazil were to have each pledged $4 billion, and Uruguay, Ecuador, Paraguay and Bolivia were to have contributed smaller amounts. The intention of the bank was to lend money to nations in the Americas for the construction of social programs and infrastructure. Documents establishing the bank as an entity were signed in 2007, and"
"Guayana; the third brother Jose Francisco was a key member of the foreign policy community serving as Ambassador to the United Nations and a number of European countries such as Russia and Austria. During the early half of the 20th century, another member of the family, José Antonio Ramos Sucre, had achieved fame as a great poet. Nowadays, members of the family are mostly involved in private businesses. The family coat of arms and its motto, in French, ""Contentez Vous de Sucre"", is included in the 2,000 Venezuelan bolívar bill between 1994 and 1998. Different places (and a former currency)"
"were introduced in 1995, followed by 5000 and 10,000 guilders in 1997 and 25,000 guilders in 2000. The last series of banknotes was introduced in 2000 in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000 and 25,000 guilders. This colorful issue has native birds on the fronts and native flowers on the backs. Surinamese guilder The guilder (; ISO 4217 code: ""SRG"") was the currency of Suriname until 2004, when it was replaced by the Surinamese dollar. It was divided into 100 cents. Until the 1940s, the plural in Dutch was ""cents"", with ""centen"" appearing on some early"
"Currency of Ecuador The article provides a historical summary of the currency used in Ecuador. The present currency of Ecuador is the United States dollar. Quito was part of Gran Colombia until 1830 as ""Departamento del Sur"". Gran Colombia's monetary regulations retained the old Spanish colonial system, with both milled and hammered coin circulating. Gold and silver were minted at Popayán and Bogotá, copper at Caracas. On July 28, 1823, Bolívar authorized a mint at Quito, but almost a decade would pass before one opened there. Cobs (macuquina) were ordered withdrawn in 1826, but because of the lack of other"
"through Portuguese Malacca, and by the Spanish through the Manila Galleon trade. The pataca was first introduced in Portuguese Macau and Portuguese Timor in the year 1894, but only as a unit of account for the silver Mexican dollar coins that circulated widely in the region at that time. In 1894, Macau and Portuguese Timor constituted one single administrative entity, but in 1896 Portuguese Timor became autonomous from Macau. In those days there was no single currency in circulation in Macau and East Timor, and trade was dominated by the silver dollar coins, not only of Mexico, but also of"
"(Birds and reptiles), the second was of historical ships with their names included, and the last was of native plants and ferns. Heptagonal 200 escudo coins have been issued in 1995 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of FAO and 20 years of independence. Another 200 escudo coin, this time round was issued in 2005 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of independence. Circulation of the 200 escudo coin is not quite as widespread as the other denominations but they are still commonly distributed and accepted alongside the 200 escudo note. In 1914, the Banco Nacional Ultramarino introduced notes in denominations of"