"called rods when the bacteriologic context is clear. Sea Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its color in the Gram staining. MacConkey agar can be used to distinguish among Gram negative bacilli such as ""E. coli"" and salmonella. Bacillus (shape) A bacillus (plural bacilli) or bacilliform bacterium is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon. Bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. However, the name ""Bacillus"", capitalized and italicized, refers to a specific genus of"
"bacillus (plural bacilli) is a rod-shaped bacterium. Although ""Bacillus"", capitalized and italicized, specifically refers to the genus, the word bacillus (plural ""bacilli"") may also be used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its colors in the Gram staining. Bacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. Spiral bacteria form the third major bacterial cell morphology. Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios"
"from Latin ""baculus"", stick). Some bacteria, called ""vibrio"", are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be spiral-shaped, called ""spirilla"", or tightly coiled, called ""spirochaetes"". A small number of other unusual shapes have been described, such as star-shaped bacteria. This wide variety of shapes is determined by the bacterial cell wall and cytoskeleton, and is important because it can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, attach to surfaces, swim through liquids and escape predators. Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: ""Neisseria"" form diploids (pairs), ""Streptococcus"" form chains, and ""Staphylococcus"""
"Bacterial cellular morphologies Bacteria are classified by direct examination with the light microscope according to their morphology and arrangement. The basic forms are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders (bacillus). But there may be others such as helically twisted cylinders (spirochetes), cylinders curved in one plane (Selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (such as the square Archaea Haloquadratum). They also conform diplos, tetrads, staphylos, streptos, palizadas etc. A coccus (plural ""cocci"", from the Latin ""coccinus"" (scarlet) and derived from the Greek ""kokkos"" (berry)) is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. Describing a bacterium as a coccus, or"
"Pileus (mycology) The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist of lamellae, tubes, or teeth, on the underside of the pileus. A pileus is characteristic of agarics, boletes, some polypores, tooth fungi, and some ascomycetes. Pilei can be formed in various shapes, and the shapes can change over the course of the developmental cycle of a fungus. The most familiar pileus shape is hemispherical or ""convex."" Convex pilei often continue to expand as they mature until"
"not elongated like a typical hypha. The basidium may be stalked or sessile. The basidium typically has the shape of a club, where it is widest at the base of the hemispherical dome at its apex, and its base is about half the width of the greatest apical diameter. Versions where the basidium is shorter and narrower at the base are called ""obovoid"", and occur in genera such as ""Paullicorticium"", ""Oliveonia"", and ""Tulasnella"". Basidia with a broad base are often described as ""barrel-shaped"". In most basidiomycota, the basidiospores are ballistospores—they are forcibly discharged. The propulsive force is derived from a"
"Bacillaceae The Bacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but ""Bacillus"" species are known to cause disease in humans. Some Bacillaceae, such as the genera ""Filobacillus, Lentibacillus,"" and ""Halobacillus"", stain Gram-negative or Gram-variable, but are known to have a Gram-positive cell wall. Genera within this family are sometimes colloquially identified as bacilli. However, this term is a misnomer because it does not distinguish between class Bacilli, order Bacillales, family"
"fusiform (fuse-shaped), and measure 7–12 by 3–5 µm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) measure 20–28 by 6–8 µm and are hyaline (translucent), four-spored, and narrowly club-shaped, with many internal oil droplets. Cystidia are fusiform, sometimes with a rounded tip, and have dimensions of 30–50 by 9–12 µm. Some are more or less hyaline, while others are encrusted with a golden pigment. The cap cuticle is a trichodermium, an arrangement in which the outermost hyphae emerge roughly parallel, like hairs, perpendicular to the cap surface. These hyphae are 10–17 µm wide and have elliptical to cylindrical cells at their ends that are"
"Bacillaceae, and genus ""Bacillus"". Bacillaceae The Bacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores. Motile members of this family are characterized by peritrichous flagella. Some Bacillaceae are aerobic, while others are facultative or strict anaerobes. Most are not pathogenic, but ""Bacillus"" species are known to cause disease in humans. Some Bacillaceae, such as the genera ""Filobacillus, Lentibacillus,"" and ""Halobacillus"", stain Gram-negative or Gram-variable, but are known to have a Gram-positive cell wall. Genera within this family are sometimes colloquially identified as bacilli. However, this term is a misnomer because it does not distinguish between class"
"Vermiform Vermiform describes something shaped like a worm. The expression is often employed in biology and anatomy to describe more or less tubular or cylindrical, usually soft body parts or animals. The word root is Latin, ""vermes""-worms and ""formes""-shaped. A well known example is the vermiform appendix, a small, blind section of the gut in humans and a number of other mammals. A number of soft-bodied animal phyla are typically described as vermiform. The more well known one are undoubtedly the annelids (earthworm and relatives) and the roundworms (a very common, mainly parasitic group), but a number of less well"
"based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility. Bacterial cellular morphologies Bacteria are classified by direct examination with the light microscope according to their morphology and arrangement. The basic forms are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders (bacillus). But there may be others such as helically twisted cylinders (spirochetes), cylinders curved in one plane (Selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (such as the square Archaea Haloquadratum). They also conform diplos, tetrads, staphylos, streptos, palizadas etc. A coccus (plural ""cocci"", from the Latin ""coccinus"" (scarlet) and derived from the Greek ""kokkos"" (berry)) is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose"
"Bacillus Bacillus (Latin ""stick"") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Firmicutes, with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of certain bacteria; and the plural ""Bacilli"" is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. ""Bacillus"" species can be either obligate aerobes: oxygen dependent; or facultative anaerobes: having the ability to be anaerobic in the absence of oxygen. Cultured ""Bacillus"" species test positive for the enzyme catalase if oxygen has been used or is present. ""Bacillus"" can reduce themselves to oval endospores and can"
"Eruciform Eruciform (literally: ""caterpillar-shaped"") is the entomological term describing a certain class of shapes of insect larvae. The word ""eruciform"" literally means ""caterpillar-shaped"" (from Latin ""eruca"", a caterpillar — confusingly, in Latin ""Eruca"" also was used as the name for a rape-like plant, but that has no clear connection to the current context). One should not take the ""caterpillar-shaped"" description too seriously; there are many shapes of caterpillars besides the typical silkworm larva, and insect larvae of many shapes, not obviously caterpillar-like, are described as eruciform. Some, for example, are in fact shaped like certain other, straight, eruciform larvae, except"
"Coliform bacteria Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negative non-spore forming and motile or non-motile bacteria which can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35–37°C. They are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water. Coliforms can be found in the aquatic environment, in soil and on vegetation; they are universally present in large numbers in the feces of warm-blooded animals. While coliforms themselves are not normally causes of serious illness, they are easy to culture, and their presence is used to indicate that other pathogenic organisms of fecal origin may"
"cell organism. Research on ""B. subtilis"" has been at the forefront of bacterial molecular biology and cytology, and the organism is a model for differentiation, gene/protein regulation, and cell cycle events in bacteria. Bacillus Bacillus (Latin ""stick"") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum Firmicutes, with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of certain bacteria; and the plural ""Bacilli"" is the name of the class of bacteria to which this genus belongs. ""Bacillus"" species can be either obligate aerobes: oxygen dependent; or facultative anaerobes: having the ability to"
"Baculitidae Baculitidae is a family of extinct ammonoid cephalopods that lived mostly during the Late Cretaceous, and often included in the suborder Ancyloceratina. Baculitid genera are characterized by a small to minute initial coil of about two whorls followed by a long straight or slightly curved shaft. Genera are distinguished on the basis of size, general shape, particulars of the suture, and ornamentation. They can reach lengths of or more. Baculitids are found worldwide in deposits from the upper Albian to the Maastrichtian ages. Related families are the Anisoceratidae, Diplomoceratidae, Hamitidae, Nostoceratidae, and Turrilitidae; all of which along with the"
"since they are not derived from bacteria that normally have cell walls. Bacterial morphology is determined by the cell wall. Since the L-form has no cell wall, its morphology is different from that of the strain of bacteria from which it is derived. Typical L-form cells are spheres or spheroids. For example, L-forms of the rod-shaped bacterium ""Bacillus subtilis"" appear round when viewed by phase contrast microscopy or by transmission electron microscopy. Although L-forms can develop from Gram-positive as well as from Gram-negative bacteria, in a Gram stain test, the L-forms always colour Gram-negative, due to the lack of a"
"consistently found together, they are more likely an example of sexual dimorphism within the same species. The majority of ammonite species feature planispiral, flat-coiled shells, but other species feature nearly straight (as in baculites) shells. Still other species' shells are coiled helically, similar in appearance to some gastropods (e.g., ""Turrilites"" and ""Bostrychoceras""). Some species' shells are even initially uncoiled, then partially coiled, and finally straight at maturity (as in ""Australiceras""). These partially uncoiled and totally uncoiled forms began to diversify mainly during the early part of the Cretaceous and are known as heteromorphs. Perhaps the most extreme and bizarre-looking example"
"missing on ""A. laevigatum"", its fruit body lies flat on the bark. The basidia are 15–25 × 3.5–5.5 µm and have a slim, club-like shape. Each basidium features four sterigmata, each of which bear one spore. The spores' shape is slimly ellipsoidal or cylindrical. Their surface is smooth and their walls are thin. Although they are colourless and hyaline, the spores are amyloid, meaning they will turn bluish or purple when stained with Melzer's reagent. This characteristic differs from other very similar species, and this gave the genus its name. The range of the Amylostereaceae originally comprised only Holarctic regions,"
"gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on dead wood. In some these are conspicuous and may be ear-shaped, button-shaped, lobed, or effused. Their hymenophores (spore-bearing surfaces) may be smooth, warted, veined, toothed (as in the genus ""Pseudohydnum""), or poroid (as in the genera ""Elmerina"" and ""Protomerulius""). Some species, however, produce dry, leathery, or web-like fruit bodies resembling those of the corticioid fungi. A few species in the genus ""Tremellodendropsis"" produce clavarioid (club or coral-like) fruit bodies. All species within the Auriculariales are thought to be saprotrophs, most of them wood-rotters. They are typically found on dead attached or fallen wood, though a"
"cell is derived from a previously existing cell of practically the same size and shape. However it has recently been shown that certain bacteria are capable of dramatically changing shape, for example ""Helicobacter pylori"" exists as both a helix-shaped form (classified as a curved rod) and a coccoid form. There are also other cases of bacteria exhibiting pleomorphism. In one study that was focused on agents involved in a non-infectious disease, Pleomorphic bacteria were found to exist in the blood of healthy human subjects. One factor that affects the pleomorphism of some Bacteria is their nutrition. For example, the bacterium"
"are white in mass. Fruit bodies are composed of hyphae lacking clamp connections in a gelatinous matrix. In one species the hyphal system is dimitic. The spore-bearing surface is initially covered in a layer of weakly branched hyphidia below which the basidia are formed. The basidia are tremelloid (ellipsoid and vertically septate), giving rise to long, sinuous sterigmata or epibasidia on which the basidiospores are produced. These spores are typically ellipsoid to oblong, but allantoid (sausage-shaped) in one species and vermiform (worm-shaped) in another. ""Sebacina"" species were assumed to be saprotrophic until DNA analysis of mycorrhizal roots showed that they"
"Bactritida The Bactritida are a small order of more or less straight-shelled (orthoconic) cephalopods that first appeared during the Emsian stage of the Devonian period (407 million years ago) with questionable origins in Pragian stage before 409 million years ago, and persisted until Carnian pluvial event in the upper middle Carnian stage of the Triassic period (231 million years ago). They are considered ancestors of the ammonoids, as well as of the coleoids (octopus, squid, cuttlefish, and the extinct belemnites). Bactritids are distinguished from the more primitive nautiloids by the small size and globular shape of the protoconch, the so-called"
"has various morphological forms. Four commonly described forms are the vacuolar (otherwise known as central body), granular, amoeboid, and cyst forms. The appearance of the organism is largely dependent upon environmental conditions as it is extremely sensitive to oxygen. Whether all of these forms exist in the host intestine is unclear. The vacuolar form is the typical cell form of ""Blastocystis"" seen in culture and is often used for the identification of the organism. These vacuolar forms vary greatly in size, with diameters ranging between 2 µm and 200 µm. The vacuolar form is otherwise known as central body form"
"one or two oil droplets. The imperfect (conidial) form of the fungus produces smooth, hyaline spores that are 3–3.5 by 1–2 µm. The asci – sexual spore-bearing cells – have a cylindrical shape, with dimensions of 115–125 by 8–10 µm. The paraphyses (sterile filamentous cells interspersed among the asci) are cylindrical with slightly swollen tips, and few branches. ""Ascocoryne cylichnium"", another small and gelatinous violet-colored species, has apothecia that are more often cup-shaped, and has larger spores—20–24 by 5.5–6 µm. Because of its resemblance to the jelly fungi, ""A. sarcoides"" has been mistaken for the basidiomycete species ""Auricularia auricula"" and"
"distinguished: bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic. The main differences among these three types are: The bacterial flagellum is made up of the protein flagellin. Its shape is a 20-nanometer-thick hollow tube. It is helical and has a sharp bend just outside the outer membrane; this ""hook"" allows the axis of the helix to point directly away from the cell. A shaft runs between the hook and the basal body, passing through protein rings in the cell's membrane that act as bearings. Gram-positive organisms have two of these basal body rings, one in the peptidoglycan layer and one in the plasma membrane."
"are disc-shaped, whitish in color, and attached to the endoperidium by a strand called a funicular cord. Made of mycelia, The funicular cord tends to wither away and disappear as the fruiting body ages. Spores from ""Crucibulum"" species typically have an elliptical or roughly spherical shape, and are thick-walled, transclucent (hyaline) or light yellow-brown in color, with dimensions of 5–15 by 5–8 µm. the spores of ""C. cyathiforme"" are notably slightly or strongly curved. Because the basic fruiting body structure in all genera of the Nidulariaceae family is essentially similar, ""Crucibulum"" may be readily confused with species of ""Nidula"" or"
"Bacilli, and is a rod-shaped organism that can be free-living or pathogenic. However, in the presence of mycorrhiza some species can be beneficial and are considered to be MHBs. Since they are common, they can form a relationship with ectomycorrhiza and arbuscular mycorrhiza, similar to the previous genera. ""Bacillius"" aids the establishment and growth of mycorrhiza, and helps with the fixation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere. MHB are known to have several functions when interacting with the roots and growth of fungi. In several studies it has been reported that MHB can help fungi by increasing growth and aid with"
"to the formation of the micelle. This type of micelle is known as a normal-phase micelle (oil-in-water micelle). Inverse micelles have the head groups at the centre with the tails extending out (water-in-oil micelle). Micelles are approximately spherical in shape. Other phases, including shapes such as ellipsoids, cylinders, and bilayers, are also possible. The shape and size of a micelle are a function of the molecular geometry of its surfactant molecules and solution conditions such as surfactant concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The process of forming micelles is known as micellisation and forms part of the phase behaviour of"
"Bacillaria Bacillaria is a diatom genus in the Bacillariaceae family. This genus is photosynthetic, and reproduces sexually and asexually. Cells are elongated and motile, sliding along each other, in stacked colonies. Cells are rectangular in girdle view (when in colonies), and lanceolate in valve view. Raphe system is slightly keeled and runs from pole to pole. Two large plate-like chloroplasts are present, one near each end of the cell. The nucleus is located centrally. Cells are yellow-brown in colour. Fibulae are strong, and the valve surface is covered in transverse parallel structures called striae. Length (apical axis): 70 - 200"
"end) or somewhat utriform (shaped like a leather bottle or flask), thin-walled, and hyaline. Cheilocystidia (cystidia on the gill edge) are 32–55 by 10–18.5 µm, crowded, and club-shaped. Some are utriform, roughly cylindrical or egg-shaped, thin walled, and hyaline. The gill tissue is convergent, meaning that the hyphae appear to converge toward the center of the tissue. The cap cuticle comprises club-shaped or sphaeropedunculate cells that measure 25.6–60 by 13.6–31.2 µm. These cells typically have a long pedicel (stalk) with a thin or slightly thickened wall, and are hyaline. The species lacks oleiferous hyphae (filled with oil-like contents) and clamp"
"Rostriform. In the form of a rostrum. Rudimentary. Not fully formed; imperfect. Rugose. Rough or wrinkled, as parts of some shells. Sacculated. Somewhat like a sac, or composed of sac-like parts. Scalar. Resembling a ladder. Secreted. Produced or deposited from the blood or glands, as the shell material in mollusks. Semicircular. Half round or circular, as the aperture in some snails. Semidentate. Half toothed, as the parietal wall in some land snails. Semielliptic. Half elliptical. Semiglobose. Half, or not quite globose. Semilunate. Half lunate. Semioval. Half, or not quite oval. Serrated. Notched, like the teeth on a saw. Serriform. In"
"they become flat. Many well-known species have a convex pileus, including the button mushroom, various ""Amanita"" species and boletes. Some, such as the parasol mushroom, have distinct bosses or umbos and are described as ""umbonate"". An umbo is a knobby protrusion at the center of the cap. Some fungi, such as chanterelles have a funnel- or trumpet-shaped appearance. In these cases the pileus is termed ""infundibuliform"". Pileus (mycology) The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium. The hymenium (hymenophore) may consist"