"of damp peat and thousands at a time were simply tipped onto fresh dung pads at the chosen release sites. Most beetles were observed to instantly bury themselves into the dung. From then on, farmers helped to monitor beetle distribution and activity and carried identification cards in their vehicles so that they could monitor beetle activity. The original review paper by Bornemissza states that by 1975, 23 species of dung beetle, including 3 genetic variants, had been released. By 1984, this number was 43 species, although it was found that 20 of these failed to establish. As well as the"
"not very efficiently, owing to its large size. The flying season is usually in September, when most of the males usually appear to wait for copulation. Its length is 50–95 mm. As a larva, its diet is rotten wood. Its adult diet consists of nectar, plant sap and fruit. It was first described by the British entomologist Gilbert John Arrow in 1908. Eupatorus gracilicornis Eupatorus gracilicornis, the five-horned rhinoceros beetle (Thai : ด้วงกว่างซางเหนือ) is a beetle that has four large horns on the prothorax and one extra-long cephalic horn. Rhinoceros beetles, the Dynastinae, are a subfamily of the scarab beetle"
"of output lever to input lever would be increased. Predation is the dominant cause of mortality in most small mammals, so the benefits provided by a mechanism to reduce predation could offset the substantial evolutionary cost of horns in a fossorial mammal. Horned gopher Horned gophers are extinct rodents from the genus Ceratogaulus, a member of the extinct fossorial rodent family Mylagaulidae. ""Ceratogaulus"" is the only known rodent genus with horns, and is the smallest known horned mammal. ""Ceratogaulus"" lived from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene epochs. The horned gopher had two horns; these were large (in comparison"
"Horned gopher Horned gophers are extinct rodents from the genus Ceratogaulus, a member of the extinct fossorial rodent family Mylagaulidae. ""Ceratogaulus"" is the only known rodent genus with horns, and is the smallest known horned mammal. ""Ceratogaulus"" lived from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene epochs. The horned gopher had two horns; these were large (in comparison to body size), paired, and originated from the nose. Horned gophers are the smallest known mammals and the only known rodents ever to have had horns. They are also one of only two known horned fossorial mammals, the other being ""Peltephilus"", an"
"than 20% sutural length. The elytral striae are relatively narrow. The pronotum is densely punctured towards side and front angles. Its typical colour is a uniform glossy black, although it can also rarely occurs in a dark red form where it may superficially resemble ""Aphodius rufipes"". Males are differentiated from females by a small but prominent horn on the head. Larvae are typical C-shaped scarabaeid larvae, and undergo three larval instars before pupation. Like other species within the genus ""Aphodius"", this dung beetle is classified as an 'dwelling' or 'endocoprid' species, where in place of rolling dung balls—beetles feed and"
"horns of a British primitive normally form a ""scimitar"" or ""dorcas"" twist. The horns emerge high and parallel with the line of the forehead. The horns are thick at the base, and are often wide apart. A doe's horns range from scimitar to twisted, but are normally smaller and thinner. Individual of the breed are sometimes naturally polled (hornless), but it is not a very common characteristic. Common colour patterns in British primitives include white, tan, wild patterning, badger-face, grey, light-belly, black, red cheek, mahogany, and face mask. Reverse stripes, belts, and spotting (pied) are also present in these goats."
"the legs are black with a red tinge. At in size, it is one of the largest of the ""Aphodius"" genus. It has ten ridges on each of its wing-covers (called elytra). It has a shovel-shaped head which it used to move the earth when it burrows. This species feeds and breeds in various types of dung, and in the British Isles it is usually seen between the months of April and October. The beetle is particularly sensitive to light. During the daytime hours or under artificial light, it instinctively burrows into the nearest moist soil or preferably fresh dung."
"Dynastes tityus Dynastes tityus, the ""eastern Hercules beetle"", is a species of rhinoceros beetle that lives in the Eastern United States. The adult's elytra are green, gray or tan, with black markings, and the whole animal, including the male's horns, may reach in length. The grubs feed on decaying wood from various trees. Adults of both sexes are wide, and males are long, including a long horn (the ""pronotal horn"") which projects forwards from the thorax of the male; a second horn (the ""clypeal horn"") projects upwards from the head. ""Dynastes tityus"" is therefore ""among the longest and heaviest beetles"
"Eupatorus gracilicornis Eupatorus gracilicornis, the five-horned rhinoceros beetle (Thai : ด้วงกว่างซางเหนือ) is a beetle that has four large horns on the prothorax and one extra-long cephalic horn. Rhinoceros beetles, the Dynastinae, are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae). The five-horned rhinoceros beetle has been found in China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Its coloring is shiny jet-black, while the elytra or fore wings are colored yellow or gold. The body is covered by a thick exoskeleton and a pair of thick wing covers lay atop another set of membranous wings underneath, allowing the beetle to fly, although"
"Horn (anatomy) A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals consisting of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone. Horns are distinct from antlers, which are not permanent. In mammals, true horns are found mainly among the ruminant artiodactyls, in the families Antilocapridae (pronghorn) and Bovidae (cattle, goats, antelope etc.). One pair of horns is usual; however, two or more pairs occur in a few wild species and domesticated breeds of sheep. Polycerate (multi-horned) sheep breeds include the Hebridean, Icelandic, Jacob, Manx Loaghtan, and the Navajo-Churro. Horns usually have"
"have horns, and in many species, females, too, possess horns. The size and shape of the horns vary greatly, but the basic structure is a pair of simple bony protrusions without branches, often having a spiral, twisted, or fluted form, each covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. Although horns occur in a single pair on almost all bovid species, there are exceptions such as the four-horned antelope and the Jacob sheep. The unique horn structure is the only unambiguous morphological feature of bovids that distinguishes them from other pecorans. A high correlation exists between horn morphology and fighting behaviour"
"(generally present on males) immediately after the oval or pointed ears, a distinct neck and limbs, and a tail varying in length and bushiness among the species. The bovids show great variation in size and pelage colouration. Excepting some domesticated forms, all male bovids have horns, and in many species females too possess horns. The size and shape of the horns vary greatly, but the basic structure is always a pair of simple bony protrusions without branches, often having a spiral, twisted or fluted form, each covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. Most bovids bear 30 to 32 teeth.A"
"vertebrae compared with over 20 for other sheep; in most types the tail vertebrae are also shorter than those of long-tailed sheep. Their faces and legs are free of wool. The horns vary between breeds and often within them: they may be horned in both sexes, horned only in the male or polled in both sexes. Some types (such as Manx Loaghtan and Hebridean) can have more than one pair of horns. They may be solid-coloured (commonly white, black or ""moorit"" – reddish-brown) or patterned, and white markings may also occur over other colouration. Some (such as Shetland and Icelandic)"
"distinguishes them from other pecorans. Male horn development has been linked to sexual selection, while the presence of horns in females is likely due to natural selection. The horns of females are usually smaller than those of males, and are sometimes of a different shape. The horns of female bovids are thought to have evolved for defense against predators or to express territoriality, as nonterritorial females, which are able to use crypsis for predator defense, often do not have horns. Rhinoceros horns, unlike those of other horned mammals, only consist of keratin. The horns rest on the nasal ridge of"
"(""Dynastes tityus""). The Dynastinae are among the largest of beetles, reaching more than in length, but are completely harmless to humans because they cannot bite or sting. Some species have been anecdotally claimed to lift up to 850 times their own weight. Their common names refer to the characteristic horns borne only by the males of most species in the group. Each has a horn on the head and another horn pointing forward from the center of the thorax. The horns are used in fighting other males during mating season, and for digging. The size of the horn is a"
"Onthophagus taurus The taurus scarab (""Onthophagus taurus"") is a species of dung beetle in the genus ""Onthophagus"". ""Onthophagus taurus"" can reach a length of . These small beetles are oval shaped, the color is usually black or reddish brown. Sometimes the pronotum has a weak metallic sheen. Males have on the heads a pair of long protrusions or horns (hence the species name) that they use to fight with each other to gain mating rights with females. There are five different locations where the horns can develop: at the back, middle or front of the head, and on the front"
"Hornbill The hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly colored and sometimes has a casque on the upper mandible. Both the common English and the scientific name of the family refer to the shape of the bill, ""buceros"" being ""cow horn"" in Greek. Hornbills have a two-lobed kidney. They are the only birds in which the first and second neck vertebrae (the atlas and axis respectively) are fused together; this probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the"
"behind the ears. A black stripe marks the outer surface of each leg. Females have four teats far back on the abdomen. The hair feels coarse, more like that of a deer than the glossy hair typical of antelopes. The fetlocks are marked with white patches. One pair of horns is located between the ears, and the other on the forehead. The posterior horns are always longer than the anterior horns, which might be mere fur-covered studs. While the posterior horns each measures , the anterior ones measure . Horns emerge at 10 to 14 months. According to Groves, anterior"
"where the deer appeared. Satet, goddess of the hunt, was shown with the horns of a deer, and sometimes a deer's face. An Anglo-Saxon royal scepter found at the Sutton Hoo burial site in England features a depiction of an upright, antlered stag. In the Old English language poem ""Beowulf"", much of the first portion of the story focuses on events surrounding a great mead hall called Heorot, meaning ""Hall of the Hart"". In the ""Poetic Edda"" poem ""Grímnismál"" the four stags of Yggdrasil are described as feeding on the world tree, Yggdrasil, and the poem further relates that the"
"hornet. Reproduction occurs sexually in ""Hierodula membranacea"", with very limited parthenogenesis abilities. A female can be identified from male by her six abdominal segments, whereas males have eight. She also has a much larger abdomen. After mating, the female may attempt to eat the male to increase fertility, which will entail a struggle. The adult female will lay several egg cases (called oothecae) over her lifespan. From each of these oothecae, up to 150 nymphs hatch after six to eight weeks. This mantis can jump around twice its body length, and although adults are capable of flight, some females occasionally"
"subspecies of ""D. hercules"", seven other species are recognised in the genus ""Dynastes"". Several subspecies of ""D. hercules"" have been named, though still some uncertainty exists as to the validity of the named taxa. Adult body sizes vary between in length and in width, though male Hercules beetles may reach up to in length (including the horn), making them the longest species of beetle in the world. The size of this horn is naturally very variable; more so than any variation of the size of legs, wings, or overall body size in the species. This variability results from developmental mechanisms"
"hind in size and proportions. Female juveniles are a bright rufous, and old females are as grey as young males. Females have two pairs of inguinal nipples. Only males possess horns, whose maximum recorded length is . Horns appear as cream-coloured nubs at around six months and start growing in a spiral pattern, reaching full growth by two years. The horns have only one or two spirals, though a few males have been reported to have two-and-a-half turns. The final form might vary in different males – the horns could form well-defined spirals, or could diverge in a structure similar"
"HORNE MADE BY ROBART MINDVM ANNO DOMINI 1598"". There is also other engraved decoration on all, including heraldic medallions, geometric designs and flowers, covering most of the surfaces, in a style characteristic of later scrimshaw. Their shape is very similar to modern examples, and the longest is 11 inches long; five are turned back at the narrow end in a kind of hook. Several have holes pierced in them, presumably for a cord or leather thong used for pulling them out of the shoe or hanging them up. One owner (""Hamlet Radesdale"", 1593) is described as a citizen of London"
"only part of the side of the cranium (especially in ruminants). Four families of even-toed ungulates have cranial appendages. These Pecora, (with the exception of the musk deer), have one of four types of cranial appendages: true horns, antlers, ossicones, or pronghorns. ""True horns"" have a bone core that is covered in a permanent sheath of keratin, and are found only in the bovids. ""Antlers"" are bony structures that are shed and replaced each year; they are found in deer (members of the family Cervidae). They grow from a permanent outgrowth of the frontal bone called the pedicle and can"
"horns, too. The size and shape of the horns vary greatly, but the basic structure is always one or more pairs of simple bony protrusions without branches, often having a spiral, twisted or fluted form, each covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. Most bovids bear 30 to 32 teeth. Most bovids are diurnal. Social activity and feeding usually peak during dawn and dusk. Bovids typically rest before dawn, during midday, and after dark. They have various methods of social organisation and social behaviour, which are classified into solitary and gregarious behaviour. Bovids use different forms of vocal, olfactory, and"
"this species has been given erroneously as ""Heterodontus californicus"". Like other bullhead sharks, the horn shark has a short, wide head with a blunt snout and prominent supraorbital ridges over the eyes. The horn shark's supraorbital ridges are low and terminate abruptly; the space between them on top of the head is deeply concave. Each eye lacks a nictating membrane and is followed by a tiny spiracle. The nostrils are split into inflow and outflow openings by a long flap that reaches the mouth. The inflow openings are encircled by a groove, while another groove connects the outflow openings to"
"with the skull, but differ in their lengths. Horns resemble the parallel wooden posts locally used to support a spinning wheel (thus the familiar name ""spindlehorn""). These are generally dark-brown or black and about 35–50 cm long; twice the length of their head. Studies in 1993 and 1995 gave the maximum distance between the horn tips of wild specimens as , but the female observed by Robichaud showed a divergence of between the tips. Robichaud noted that the horns were apart at the base. While studies prior to Robichaud's claim the horns are uniformly circular in cross-section, Robichaud observed his"
"species belong to the genus ""Liatongus"": Liatongus Liatongus is a genus of dung beetles in the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the scarab beetle family. At least part of the upper surfaces are without hairs; the head and pronotal disc are generally sculptured; and the genae are rounded, with little or no indentation between the clypeus and the genae. Length ranges from 7.4 to 10.9 mm. Colours vary: they may be uniform brown or dull purple, or have red, white or yellow patterns on the elytra. Found in three regions: Afrotropical, Oriental to eastern Palearctic, and western Nearctic. There are 38-46 species;"
"or often ""the"" Horned God and one or more goddesses. Deities such as Pan and Dionysus have had attributes of their worship imported into the Neopagan concept as have the Celtic Cernunnos and Gwynn ap Nudd, one of the mythological leaders of the Wild Hunt Horned deity Deities depicted with horns or antlers are found in many different religions across the world. Hathor is commonly depicted as a cow goddess with head horns in which is set a sun disk with Uraeus. Twin feathers are also sometimes shown in later periods as well as a necklace. Hathor may be the"
"bred in captivity for long, thus, behavior and breeding preferences are well known such as a defensive behavior of displaying a hissing noise by rubbing the anterior edges of its serrated forewings to the femur of the hindlegs [1]. The about 28[6] species of Empusidae mantids are all relatively large and bizarre looking. The prothorax is always surrounded by a crest and the femur of the middle- and hindlegs often have flap-like appendages. The pronotum is characteristically elongated and the abdomen is often lobed [4]. Members of the Mantoidea superfamily possess a cyclopean ear, an organ situated on the metathorax"
"7 in Great Britain), and 60 in Australia. Most earwigs are flattened (which allows them to fit inside tight crevices, such as under bark) with an elongated body generally long. The largest certainly extant species is the Australian giant earwig (""Titanolabis colossea"") which is approximately long, while the possibly extinct Saint Helena earwig (""Labidura herculeana"") reached . Earwigs are characterized by the cerci, or the pair of forceps-like pincers on their abdomen; male earwigs generally have more curved pincers than females. These pincers are used to capture prey, defend themselves and fold their wings under the short tegmina. The antennae"
"from a dung pile once they have rolled their ball to prevent it from being stolen. Dung beetles can roll up to 10 times their weight. Male ""Onthophagus taurus"" beetles can pull 1,141 times their own body weight: the equivalent of an average person pulling six double-decker buses full of people. A species of dung beetle (the African ""Scarabaeus zambesianus"") navigates by polarization patterns in moonlight, the first animal known to do so. Dung beetles can also navigate when only the Milky Way or clusters of bright stars are visible, making them the only insects known to orient themselves by"
"Canada east to Hudson Bay and Alaska. Bombus jonellus The heath humble-bee or small heath bumblebee, Bombus jonellus, is a species of bumblebee, widely distributed in Europe and northern Asia, as well as northern North America. A fairly small bumblebee, it has body lengths around (queen) and (worker and male). The queen has an average wingspan of . The face and proboscis are short. Females (queens and workers) have a predominantly black abdomen with a yellow collar, the first and sometimes second terga yellow, and a white tail. The face is black, occasionally with a patch of yellow fur on"