"To Kill a Mockingbird (film) To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for"
"Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book ""In Cold Blood"" (1966). Capote"
"who was inspired by Capote's memories of Lee as a child, was played by Aubrey Dollar. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting"
"outside immediately and pick up the pages,"" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name ""Harper Lee"", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as ""Nellie"". Published July 11, 1960, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted ""Best Novel of the Century"" in a poll by the ""Library Journal"". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the"
"Alabama House of Representatives. Lee also worked as the editor and proprietor of the ""Monroe Journal"" from 1929 to 1947. He died in Monroeville, Alabama. Amasa Coleman Lee Amasa Coleman Lee (July 19, 1880 – April 15, 1962) was an American politician and lawyer. Lee was the father of Harper Lee, author of the novel ""To Kill A Mockingbird."" It is often said that Atticus Finch, one of the characters in the novel, is based, at least in part, on Amasa Coleman Lee. Lee was born in Georgiana, Alabama. He lived on a farm in or near Chipley, Florida, and"
"Quarterly, December, 1993. “Discord in Concord: Louisa May Alcott and Nathaniel Hawthorne,” in Hawthorne and the Women of His Day. University of Mass. Press,1999 Claudia Durst Johnson Claudia Durst Johnson is a literary scholar best known for her work on the novel ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", introducing the idea of the novel's gothicism and gothic satire. In the process of her research she befriended the author, Harper Lee. When the city of Chicago organized a One City One Book program in 2001 based on ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", Lee was unavailable to speak, so Johnson was invited to Chicago to"
"Amasa Coleman Lee Amasa Coleman Lee (July 19, 1880 – April 15, 1962) was an American politician and lawyer. Lee was the father of Harper Lee, author of the novel ""To Kill A Mockingbird."" It is often said that Atticus Finch, one of the characters in the novel, is based, at least in part, on Amasa Coleman Lee. Lee was born in Georgiana, Alabama. He lived on a farm in or near Chipley, Florida, and he worked variously as a teacher and as a bookkeeper at the Flat Creek Mill in Finchburg, Alabama, where he met and, on June 22,"
"Claudia Durst Johnson Claudia Durst Johnson is a literary scholar best known for her work on the novel ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", introducing the idea of the novel's gothicism and gothic satire. In the process of her research she befriended the author, Harper Lee. When the city of Chicago organized a One City One Book program in 2001 based on ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", Lee was unavailable to speak, so Johnson was invited to Chicago to present the book to the city. Johnson, a native of North Carolina, earned a PhD in Literature at the University of Illinois in 1973."
"Tay Hohoff Therese von Hohoff Torrey (""Tay Hohoff"") (July 3, 1898 — January 5, 1974) was an American literary editor with the publishing firm J. B. Lippincott & Co.. Strong-willed and forceful, she worked closely with author Harper Lee over the course of nearly three years to give final shape to her classic novel ""To Kill A Mockingbird"". After the commercial and literary success of the novel, she shielded Harper Lee from the intense pressure to write another one. She retired from a senior editorial position at the firm in 1973 and died the following year. Tay Hohoff's parents, Ernest"
"Tom Franklin (author) Thomas Gerald Franklin (born July 7, 1963) is an American writer originally from Dickinson, Alabama, United States, ""a town of around 500 people in south central Alabama, near Monroeville, home of ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" author Harper Lee"". In a recent interview, Franklin reveals the role imagination played during his younger years as he grew up ""playing with G. I. Joes and imagining their lives. Building sci-fi forts from cardboard boxes and bricks, drawing control panels on the walls, etc. I liked creating the forts more than I did playing in them. There was something wonderful about"
"To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Since the publication of"" To Kill a Mockingbird"" in 1960, there have been many references and allusions to it in popular culture. The book has been internationally popular for more than a half century, selling more 30 million copies in 40 languages. It currently (2013) sells 750,000 copies a year and is widely read in schools in America and abroad. Harper Lee and her publisher did not expect ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to be such a huge success. Since it was first published in 1960, it has sold close to one million copies"
"""To Kill a Mockingbird"", and underwent significant changes in story and characters during the revision process. Harper Lee was writing ""Go Set a Watchman"" in January 1957, and sold the manuscript to the publisher J. B. Lippincott in October 1957. She then continued to work on the manuscript for the next two years, submitting revised manuscripts to her literary agents. At some point in that two-year period, Lee renamed her book ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". Some of these records have been copied and posted online. The manuscript for the novel was originally thought to be lost. According to ""The New"
"and humanist John Lovejoy Elliot. He notes that the book, ""A Ministry to Man"", was published in 1959, a year before ""Mockingbird."" Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel ""Go Set a Watchman"", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy ""Jem"" Finch and Jean Louise ""Scout"" Finch. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa"
"To Mock a Mockingbird To Mock a Mockingbird and Other Logic Puzzles: Including an Amazing Adventure in Combinatory Logic (1985, ) is a book by the mathematician and logician Raymond Smullyan. It contains many nontrivial recreational puzzles of the sort for which Smullyan is well known. It is also a gentle and humorous introduction to combinatory logic and the associated metamathematics, built on an elaborate ornithological metaphor. Combinatory logic, functionally equivalent to the lambda calculus, is a branch of symbolic logic having the expressive power of set theory, and with deep connections to questions of computability and provability. Smullyan's exposition"
"well as their impact on readers and viewers. To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Since the publication of"" To Kill a Mockingbird"" in 1960, there have been many references and allusions to it in popular culture. The book has been internationally popular for more than a half century, selling more 30 million copies in 40 languages. It currently (2013) sells 750,000 copies a year and is widely read in schools in America and abroad. Harper Lee and her publisher did not expect ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to be such a huge success. Since it was first published in 1960,"
"but Lee renamed it ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to reflect that the story went beyond a character portrait. The book was published on July 11, 1960. The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies. In 1964, Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said, I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I"
"Mockingbird (Tevis novel) Mockingbird is a science fiction novel by Walter Tevis, first published in 1980. It was nominated for a Nebula Award for Best Novel. A central character is the dean of New York University, Spofforth, an android who has lived for centuries yet yearns to die. The novel opens with his failed attempt at suicide. Spofforth brings a teacher, Paul Bentley, to New York. Bentley has taught himself to read after a Rosetta Stone–like discovery of a film with words matching those in a children's primer. Spofforth disliked Bentley and his reading knowledge. Bentley says he could teach"
"they did not ask that the book be banned. The group appreciated that the novel addressed injustices of the past, but believed the alternative books that they proposed ""address multicultural and socially sensitive issues in a meaningful, respectful manner"", whereas Steinbeck's novel does not. ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" (1960), by Harper Lee, rose to fame quickly after winning the Pulitzer Prize and has since been considered an American classic. The novel confronts issues of rape and racial inequality, but is highly regarded for its universal themes that can appeal to many readers. The novel has been censored since its 1960"
"historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality of inequality. This feeling causes them to question the beliefs with which they have been raised, which for many children is what the novel does. McWhorter writes of Lee, ""for a white person from the South to write a book like this in the late 1950s is really unusual—by its very existence an act of protest."" Author James McBride calls"
"Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel ""Go Set a Watchman"", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy ""Jem"" Finch and Jean Louise ""Scout"" Finch. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial. ""Book Magazine""s list of ""The"
"Mockingbird (Erskine novel) Mockingbird is a young adult novel by American author Kathryn Erskine about a girl with Asperger syndrome coping with the loss of her brother. It won the 2010 U.S. National Book Award for Young People's Literature. In 2012 it was awarded the Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award. Based on a school shooting. The main character is a 11-year-old girl named Caitlin Smith who has Asperger syndrome (and doesn't believe it) and is preoccupied with drawing and dictionaries. She has just experienced the loss of her older brother Devon who has been killed along with a teacher and"
"The Mockery Bird The Mockery Bird is a humorous novel by Gerald Durrell, published in 1981 by William Collins, Sons and Co Ltd. The book, like the other works of the author, contains a strong environmental message. The story takes place on a (fictitious) tropical island called Zenkali. The island seems to be populated by the most eccentric people who came there from all around the world, along with the two indigenous tribes, the Fangoua and the Ginka. The Ginkas used to worship a dolphin god, while the Fangouas worshipped a strange avian, the Mockery Bird, which was hunted to"
"awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" to honor her. Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, ""One reason ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a"
"Horton Foote Albert Horton Foote Jr. (March 14, 1916March 4, 2009) was an American playwright and screenwriter, perhaps best known for his screenplays for the 1962 film ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" and the 1983 film ""Tender Mercies"", and his notable live television dramas during the Golden Age of Television. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1995 for his play ""The Young Man From Atlanta"" and two Academy Awards, one for an original screenplay, ""Tender Mercies"", and one for adapted screenplay, ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". In 1995, Foote was the inaugural recipient of the Austin Film Festival's Distinguished Screenwriter"
"50th anniversary of publication in 2010. In honor of the 50th anniversary, famous authors and celebrities as well as people close to the book's author, Harper Lee, shared their experiences with ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" in the book ""Scout, Atticus, & Boo: A Celebration of Fifty Years of To Kill a Mockingbird"". The book features interviews with Mary Badham, Tom Brokaw, Oprah Winfrey, Anna Quindlen, Richard Russo, as well as Harper Lee's sister, Alice Finch Lee. The 2010 documentary film ""Hey, Boo: Harper Lee & To Kill a Mockingbird"" focuses on the background of the book and the film as"
"Atticus Finch, the father of the novel's narrator, Scout. In January 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Lee to the National Council on the Arts. In 1966, Lee wrote a letter to the editor in response to the attempts of a Richmond, Virginia, area school board to ban ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" as ""immoral literature"": James J. Kilpatrick, the editor of ""The Richmond News Leader"", started the Beadle Bumble fund to pay fines for victims of what he termed ""despots on the bench"". He built the fund using contributions from readers and later used it to defend books as well"
"Loiters in Mississippi. Meanwhile, A Mississippi Mother Burns Bacon"" (1960). The same year Harper Lee published ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", in which a white attorney is committed to defending a black man named Tom Robinson, accused of raping a white woman. Lee, whose novel had a profound effect on civil rights, never commented on why she wrote about Robinson. Literature professor Patrick Chura noted several similarities between Till's case and that of Robinson. Writer James Baldwin loosely based his 1964 drama ""Blues for Mister Charlie"" on the Till case. He later divulged that Till's murder had been bothering him for"
"first saw Harper Lee's manuscript in 1957, she considered it to be ""more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel"" though ""the spark of the true writer flashed in every line"". Over the course of the next two years, she guided Harper Lee until the book finally achieved its finished shape and was retitled ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". Once during the long editorial process, Lee lost confidence in herself and threw her manuscript out her window and into the snow. When she called her editor in tears, Hohoff ""told her to march outside immediately and pick up the"
"McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled ""Scout, Atticus, and Boo"". One of the most significant impacts ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. As scholar Alice Petry explains, ""Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person."" Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the"
"gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."" After remaining at number one throughout the entire five-month-long voting period in 2018, the American public, via PBS's ""The Great American Read"", chose ""To Kill A Mockingbird"" as America's Favorite Book. An earlier draft of ""To Kill a Mockingbird"", titled ""Go Set a Watchman"", was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" but is not a continuation of"
"was the basis for the character Dill in ""To Kill a Mockingbird"". The plot and characters of ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel deals with the irrationality of adult attitudes towards race and class in the Deep South of the 1930s, as depicted through the eyes of two children. The novel was inspired by racist attitudes in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Another novel, ""Go Set a Watchman"", was written in"
"which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's. Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage, causing the audience to laugh uproariously. She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life. Scholars have characterized ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" as both a Southern Gothic and a ""Bildungsroman"". The grotesque and near-supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson, contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel. Lee"
"any other film he has ever done. In 1995 ""To Kill a Mockingbird"" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". It is also Robert Duvall's big-screen debut, as the misunderstood recluse Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Foote's play, ""The Midnight Caller"". The American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. Additionally, the AFI"