"Privileges heard evidence in support of the opposing claims in 1870 and 1871, but came to no decision, and the three Earldoms remained dormant. On 29 April 2011, Queen Elizabeth II conferred the title of Earl of Strathearn on Prince William of Wales. As a result, on marriage his wife Catherine became Countess of Strathearn. He generally uses this title in Scotland. Earl of Airth Earl of Airth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created on 21 January 1633 by Charles I, for William Graham, 7th Earl of Menteith. It became extinct on the death of his grandson"
"said to have a ""life estate"" in her husband's dignity. Thus a duke's wife is titled a ""duchess"", a marquess's wife a ""marchioness"", an earl's wife a ""countess"", a viscount's wife a ""viscountess"" and a baron's wife a ""baroness"". Despite being referred to as a ""peeress"", she is not a peer in her own right: this is a 'style' and not a substantive title. However, this is considered a legal title, unlike the social titles of a peer's children. The wives of eldest sons of peers hold their titles on the same basis as their husbands, i.e. by courtesy. Thus"
"her children. The spouse of a woman with an honorific title does not hold any courtesy title in right of their spouse. Neither does the husband of a man with ""any"" title (including the husband of a peer). The younger sons of earls, along with all sons and daughters of viscounts, barons and lords of parliament are accorded the courtesy style of ""The Honourable"" before their name. This is usually abbreviated to ""The Hon."" The title persists after the death of the holder's father, but it may not be inherited by the holder's children. It is used only in third"
"Nations. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales. Prince Charles's first wife, Diana, used that title but his second wife, Camilla, uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall (or of Rothesay when in Scotland) because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana. The Prince of Wales is the heir apparent of the monarch of the United Kingdom. No formal public role or responsibility has been legislated by Parliament or otherwise delegated to him by law or custom, either as heir apparent or as Prince of Wales. The current Prince"
"have to maintain."" ""This is a list of Princesses of Wales."" Princess of Wales Princess of Wales () is a British courtesy title held by the wife of the Prince of Wales, who is, since the 14th century, the heir apparent of the English or British monarch. The first acknowledged title holder was Eleanor de Montfort, wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. It has subsequently been used by wives of post-conquest princes of Wales. The title is currently held by Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (the former Camilla Parker Bowles), second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, since their marriage on 9"
"husband. After the Union of the Crowns in 1603, the holders of the title were also given titles including Scottish place names: St Andrews and Avondale. The title was first created for Lionel, a younger son of Edward III who in 1352 had married Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster, the sole heiress in a female line of Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester. The ""Clarence"" was the Clare estates, and as owner of them by right of his wife Lionel was given that title. The Dukedom is currently vacant. While there were some speculations that it is"
"the queen, women of royal and noble status simply carried the title of ""Lady"". As a title of nobility, the uses of ""lady"" in Britain are parallel to those of ""lord"". It is thus a less formal alternative to the full title giving the specific rank, of marchioness, countess, viscountess or baroness, whether as the title of the husband's rank by right or courtesy, or as the lady's title in her own right. A peeress's title is used with the definite article: Lord Morris's wife is ""the Lady Morris"". A widow's title derived from her husband becomes the dowager, e.g."
"the feminine form of her husband's title, which takes the form of ""Lady"", followed by her husband's given name and surname, as in the example of Lady Randolph Churchill. The holder is addressed as ""Lord Randolph"" and his wife as ""Lady Randolph"". The honorific prefix of ""Lady"" is used for the daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls. The courtesy title is added before the person's given name, as in the example Lady Diana Spencer. Because it is merely a courtesy with no legal implications, the honorific persists after the death of the holder's father but it is not inherited by"
"the Heir Apparent of a Laird (Lord) and is placed at the end of his or her name (example - Mr John Smith of Edinburgh, Younger). The wife of a Younger may herself place the title at the end of her name. The holder is addressed as the younger (example - The Younger of Edinburgh). The courtesy prefix of ""Maid"" is granted to the eldest daughter of a Laird (Lord). If the eldest daughter is also the heir presumptive she may either hold the title ""Younger"" or the title ""Maid"". The title is customary and not automatically given. The title"
"the lady, e.g. ""Lady Jane Smith"", and this is preserved if the lady marries a commoner, e.g. ""Mr John and Lady Jane Smith"". ""Lady"" is also the customary title of the wife of a baronet or knight, but in this case without Christian name: ""Lady"" with the surname of the husband only, ""Sir John and Lady Smith"". When a woman divorces a knight and he marries again, the new wife will be ""Lady Smith"" while the ex-wife becomes ""Jane, Lady Smith"". Female members of the Order of the Garter and Order of the Thistle also receive the prefix of ""Lady"";"
"Earl An earl () is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon in origin, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant ""chieftain"", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke (""hertig""/""hertug""/""hertog""). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to a duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). However, earlier in Scandinavia, ""jarl"" could also mean a sovereign prince. For example, the rulers"
"person reference, not in speaking to the person. The daughter of a duke, marquess, or earl who marries an untitled man becomes ""Lady [""Given name""] [""Husband's surname""]"". The daughter of a viscount or baron who marries a commoner is styled ""The Honourable [""Given name""] [""Husband's surname""]"" (the given name is dropped and ""Mrs"" is substituted if the husband's right to the style derives from office or appointment rather than from ancestral peerage). Any woman who marries a peer uses the feminine version of his peerage title, even if her own precedence is higher than his, as in the case of"
"her marriage to The Lord Seymour of Sudeley (and, indeed, she disputed precedence with the wife of her brother-in-law the Duke of Somerset on this basis). This usage died out later in the twentieth century, and women who remarry now ordinarily take a new married name and do not retain their former title. If a peer or knight enters into a civil partnership, his or her partner is not entitled to a courtesy title. Laird is a courtesy title which applies to the owner of certain long-established Scottish estates; the title being attached to the estate. Traditionally, a laird is"
"results from being the wife or child of a peer, and to which social styles are attached. The wives of peers, however, are peeresses and legally enjoy their titles in exactly the same manner as peeresses in their own right. Children of peers can outrank certain actual peers. For instance, the daughter of a duke outranks a countess. However, if the daughter of a duke marries an earl, she drops to the rank of countess, because her courtesy title is subsumed in his substantive title. But, if that same daughter marries a commoner, she retains her rank. If that daughter"
"is a title that goes to an eldest daughter if there is no male child. It has moved from earl to countess for centuries. Hence, after Lady Katherine’s death, her son Johnnie (John Peter Grant) took on the title 13th Earl of Dysart while his son James became Lord Huntingtower. The Huntingtower title, which also shifts between male and female offspring, is more of a nominal one chosen by one of Lady Grant’s ancestors, none of whom, it seems, ever lived at Huntingtower, on the western edge of Perth. During the Second World War, the Countess married an outstanding soldier,"
"of right. It is merely a matter of courtesy, and allowed by the usages of society."""" The divorce court, in the above case, granted the earl an injunction preventing his former wife from using his title; however this was overturned by the Court of Appeal, whose decision was confirmed by the House of Lords, on the grounds that ordinary courts of law lacked any jurisdiction in matters of honour. The same practice was followed by widows who remarried. A prominent example was Catherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII, who continued to be known as Queen Catherine even after"
"to allow the spouse of a woman who holds an honour, if he or she enters civil partnership or marriage, to assume the title ""The Honourable"". This bill stalled, and was not passed by the end of the Parliament. A peeress retains her legal right to the peerage style following divorce and even upon her remarriage to a non-peer. A convention has developed whereby her Christian name is added in front of her title to distinguish her from any subsequent wife of her former husband. Hence, ""Her Grace The Duchess of London"" becomes ""Mary, Duchess of London"". In written forms,"
"of arms above the shield. Dukes in the United Kingdom Duke, in the United Kingdom, is the highest-ranking hereditary title in all four peerages of the British Isles. A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron). The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess ""suo jure""; her husband, however, does not receive any title. In the order of precedence in the United Kingdom, non-royal dukes without state offices or"
"Princess of Wales Princess of Wales () is a British courtesy title held by the wife of the Prince of Wales, who is, since the 14th century, the heir apparent of the English or British monarch. The first acknowledged title holder was Eleanor de Montfort, wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. It has subsequently been used by wives of post-conquest princes of Wales. The title is currently held by Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (the former Camilla Parker Bowles), second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, since their marriage on 9 April 2005. She does not, however, use the title, because of"
"marquess, earl, viscount and baron; the female equivalents are duchess, marchioness, countess, viscountess and baroness respectively. Women typically do not hold hereditary titles in their own right, one significant change to this however was in 1532 when Henry VIII created the Marquess of Pembroke title for his soon to be wife, Anne Boleyn. Anne held this title in her own right and was therefore ennobled with the same rank as a male Viscount. In the Scottish peerage, the lowest rank is ""lordship of Parliament"", the male holder thereof being known as a lord of Parliament. A Scottish ""barony"" is a"
"Count Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility. The word ""count"" came into English from the French ""comte"", itself from Latin ""comes""—in its accusative ""comitem""—meaning “companion”, and later “companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor”. The adjective form of the word is """". The British and Irish equivalent is an earl (whose wife is a ""countess"", for lack of an English term). Equivalents of the rank of count exist or have existed"
"documents, or where the wife is a Dame in her own right (such as Dame Norma Major, who gained her title six years before her husband Sir John Major was knighted). The husbands of Dames have no honorific pre-nominal, so Dame Norma's husband remained John Major until he received his own knighthood. Since the reign of Edward VII a clerk in holy orders in the Church of England has not normally received the accolade on being appointed to a degree of knighthood. He receives the insignia of his honour and may place the appropriate letters after his name or title"
"a princess in her own right, gains the courtesy title in her husband's princely title. For example, the wife of Prince Michael of Kent is known by the courtesy title of Princess Michael of Kent. Although generally accepted at the time by the media, and since her death, Diana, Princess of Wales never had the formal title of Princess Diana. Prior to 1714, the title of prince and the style of HRH was not customary in usage. Sons and daughters of the sovereign were not automatically or traditionally called a prince or princess. An exception was the Prince of Wales,"
"a duke's daughter marrying a baron, because a peerage is a substantive title, the usage of which is preferred to any courtesy style - unless she marries into the Royal Family. If a woman marries the younger son of a duke or marquess, she becomes ""Lady [""Husband's given name""] [""Husband's surname""]."" If she marries the younger son of an earl, viscount or baron, she becomes ""The Hon. Mrs [""Husband's given name""] [""Husband's surname""]."" In case of a divorce, she may keep the same style as during marriage or she may choose to assume the style ""Mrs [""Given name""] [""Husband's surname""]."""
"Dukes in the United Kingdom Duke, in the United Kingdom, is the highest-ranking hereditary title in all four peerages of the British Isles. A duke thus outranks all other holders of titles of nobility (marquess, earl, viscount and baron). The wife of a duke is known as a duchess, which is also the title of a woman who holds a dukedom in her own right, referred to as a duchess ""suo jure""; her husband, however, does not receive any title. In the order of precedence in the United Kingdom, non-royal dukes without state offices or positions generally take precedence before"
"Earl of Wilton Earl of Wilton, of Wilton House in the County of Wiltshire, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1801 for Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Grey de Wilton (1749 – 1814) along with the subsidiary title of Viscount Grey de Wilton, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Both titles were created with remainder to the second and all younger sons successively of his daughter Lady Eleanor, wife of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster. The 1st Earl of Wilton was a member of the Egerton family and the eldest"
"Act of the Prerogative dealing with the princely title in general terms). On 31 December 2012, Elizabeth II issued letters patent enabling all children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales to enjoy the princely title and style of ""Royal Highness"", as opposed to only the eldest son. When a princess marries, she still takes on her husband's title. If the title is higher than (or equal to) the one she possesses, she will normally be styled using the female equivalent. If her husband has a lower title or style, her style as a princess remains in use,"
"not use a courtesy title. However, Scottish practice allows the style ""Master/Mistress of X"" to an heir presumptive as well as to an heir apparent; for example, the brother of the present Marquess of Tweeddale has the title ""Master of Tweeddale"". Wives are entitled to use the feminine form of their husbands' courtesy titles. Thus, the wife of an Earl of Arundel would be styled ""Countess of Arundel"" (again, without the article). Holders of courtesy titles do not, at the Court of St James's, have their title preceded by the definite article ""The"" (which is always written with the capital"
"the daughter of a peer (when her father was created a viscount), and thus obtained the courtesy prefix ""Honourable"". When she married a baron, she obtained her husband's precedence, which happened to be higher than that of a viscount's daughter. When her father was raised to an earldom, however, her precedence remained the same, because the higher ""courtesy"" rank of an earl's daughter cannot be claimed by the wife of a man who ranks as a peer ""in his own right"". When her father died and she succeeded him as countess by special remainder, Patricia Mountbatten became a peeress in"
"Earl of Home Earl of Home ( ) is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1605 for Alexander Home of that Ilk, 6th Lord Home. The Earl of Home holds, among others, the subsidiary titles of Lord Home (created 1473), and Lord Dunglass (1605), in the Peerage of Scotland; and Baron Douglas, of Douglas in the County of Lanark (1875) in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Various Earls of Home have also claimed the title of Lord Hume of Berwick. The Earl is also ""Chief of the Name and Arms of Home"" and ""heir"
"wives or widows of peers above the rank of earl), in turn followed by the group of Woman of the Bedchamber (usually a daughter of a peer) and finally the group of Maid of honour, whose service entitled them to the style of ""The Honourable"" for life. The system has formally remained roughly the same since the Tudor period. However, in practice, many offices have since then been left vacant. For example, in recent times, Maids of Honour have only been appointed for coronations. The queen of France is confirmed to have had a separate household in the late 12th-century,"
"available online, is at Volume 6, page 400. Whenever a man holds the title, he is styled the Premier Baron of England. However, whenever a woman holds the title, the holder of the next-highest barony held by a man is known as the Premier Baron. For instance, when Georgiana Maxwell, the most recent female to hold the title, was Baroness, the Lord Mowbray, Segrave, and Stourton was considered the Premier Baron. The Barony may pass to heirs-general rather than just heirs-male, unlike most British titles. The barony may pass to daughters only if there are no sons. Under inheritance law,"
"descendant of the title's first bearer may take the title, but not the others). Normally one refers to or addresses a Ridder as ""De hoogwelgeboren heer (The high well-born Lord), [Forename] ridder [Surname]"". Notice that the title is placed and written in lower case between the first name(s) and the family name. The wife of a ridder is referred to or addressed as ""De hoogwelgeboren vrouwe (The high well-born Lady), Mevrouw [Forename] [Surname husband]-[Maiden name]"". As explained above no female Ridders exist. Children of hereditary Ridders who don't have a noble title are styled with the honorific Jonkheer or Jonkvrouw"