"Auguste Piccard. The FNRS-1 was a balloon that set a world altitude record. The NFSR also funded the FNRS-2, which was the first ever bathyscaphe built. National Fund for Scientific Research The National Fund for Scientific Research (NFSR) (Dutch: NFWO, French: FNRS) was once a government institution in Belgium for supporting scientific research until it was split into two separate organizations: and The task of the FWO and F.R.S.–FNRS is to stimulate the development of new knowledge in all scientific disciplines. The means to achieve this, is to finance excellent scientists and research projects after an inter-University competition and with"
"Auguste Piccard Auguste Antoine Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962) was a Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer, known for his record-breaking helium-filled balloon flights, with which he studied the Earth's upper atmosphere. Auguste was also known for his invention of the first bathyscaphe, ""FNRS-2"", with which he made a number of unmanned dives in 1948 to explore the ocean's depths. Piccard was also the first person to witness views of earth from 10 miles up. Piccard and a fellow observer witnessed this view of Earth during a balloon flight in 1931. Bertrand Piccard, his grandson, claims Auguste Piccard"
"was named ""FNRS-2"" and made a number of unmanned dives in 1948 before being given to the French Navy in 1950. There, it was redesigned, and in 1954, it took a man safely down . He died on 24 March 1962 of a heart attack at his home in Lausanne, Switzerland, he was 78 years old. Auguste Piccard Auguste Antoine Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962) was a Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer, known for his record-breaking helium-filled balloon flights, with which he studied the Earth's upper atmosphere. Auguste was also known for his invention of the first"
"search for rare surviving examples of his instruments has become worldwide. On September 24, a Trouvé/Cadet-Picard gold skull stick pin automaton sold at Bonhams of London for $8,000. 1864 Electro-spherical Geissler tube motor 1865 The Lilliputian sealed battery 1865 Electro-medical apparatus 1865 Electro-mobile jewelry 1865 Electric gyroscope 1866 Electric rifle 1867 Electro-medical kit 1869 Liquid-fuelled pantoscope 1870 Device imitating the flight of birds 1872 Portable Military Telegraph 1873 Improved dichromate battery 1874 Explorer-extractor of bullets 1875 Electric almanac or calendar 1875 Portable Dynamo-electric machine 1875 Oxygen spacesuit for balloonists 1877 Simulation of muscle contraction 1877 Electric paperweight 1878 Exploratory polyscopes"
"his discovery of mercurial phosphorescence upon his observance of the faint glowing of a barometer. This discovery led to Newton's studies of light's visible spectrum. Picard also developed what became the standard method for measuring the right ascension of a celestial object. In this method, the observer records the time at which the object crosses the observer's meridian. Picard made his observations using the precision pendulum clock that Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens had recently developed. Jean Picard Jean-Félix Picard (21 July 1620 – 12 July 1682) was a French astronomer and priest born in La Flèche, where he studied at"
"was dubbed ""FNRS-2"", named after the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, and built in Belgium from 1946 to 1948 by Auguste Piccard. (""FNRS-1"" had been the balloon used for Piccard's ascent into the stratosphere in 1938). Propulsion was provided by battery-driven electric motors. The float held 37,850 litres of aviation gasoline. There was no access tunnel; the sphere had to be loaded and unloaded while on deck. The first journeys were detailed in the Jacques Cousteau book ""The Silent World"". As described in the book, ""the vessel had serenely endured the pressure of the depths, but had been destroyed"
"display at the National Geographic Museum. Although the technology of the Bathysphere was eventually rendered obsolete by more advanced diving vessels, Beebe and Barton's Bathysphere represented the first time that researchers attempted to observe deep-sea animals in their native environment, setting a precedent which many others would follow. Beebe's Bathysphere's dives also served as an inspiration for Jacques Piccard, the son of the balloonist Auguste Piccard, to perform his own record-setting descent in 1960 to a depth of seven miles using a self-powered submersible called a bathyscaphe. The Bathysphere itself served as a model for later submersibles such as the"
"Jean Piccard Jean Felix Piccard (January 28, 1884 in Basel, Switzerland – January 28, 1963 in Minneapolis, Minnesota), also known as Jean Piccard, was a Swiss-born American chemist, engineer, professor and high-altitude balloonist. He invented clustered high-altitude balloons, and with his wife Jeannette, the plastic balloon. Piccard's inventions and co-inventions are used in balloon flight, aircraft and spacecraft. Piccard and Jeannette Ridlon met at the University of Chicago where he taught and she received her master's degree. They married and had three sons, John, Paul and Donald, and also had foster children. Piccard was the co-pilot for his wife Jeannette"
"inspired by a colleague whom Hergé had worked with years earlier at ""Le Vingtième Siècle"". Visually, Calculus was based on a real scientist, the Swiss inventor Auguste Piccard, who had been the first man to explore the stratosphere in a hot air balloon in 1931. Hergé had observed Piccard walking about Brussels on a number of occasions, however the character of Calculus would be notably much shorter than Piccard. Hergé named this character Tryphon Tournesol; while the surname meant ""sunflower"", the forename was adopted from a carpenter named Tryphon Beckaert whom Hergé had encountered in Boitsfort. Tryphon Tournesol was later"
"and the low viscosity of the cold air reduced air resistance. The researchers confirmed about 24 hours as the rotation period of the plane of oscillation. Foucault pendulum The Foucault pendulum ( ; ) or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault and conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the earth's rotation. Today, Foucault pendulums are popular displays in science museums and universities. The first public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum took place in February"
"and its tools making possible advances in cartography. Picard was the first to attach a telescope with crosswires (developed by William Gascoigne) to a quadrant, and one of the first to use a micrometer screw on his instruments. The quadrant he used to determine the size of the Earth had a radius of 38 inches and was graduated to quarter-minutes. The sextant he used to find the meridian had a radius of six feet, and was equipped with a micrometer to enable minute adjustments. These equipment improvements made the margin of error only ten seconds, as opposed to Tycho Brahe's"
"payload of instruments. Jean Piccard helped Winzen design the Skyhook polyethylene balloons that replaced ""Project Helios"" in 1947. Skyhook balloons were used unmanned for atmospheric research by the Navy and for manned flights by the US Air Force. Later Jean Piccard developed electronics for emptying ballast bags. Piccard died on January 28, 1963 (his 79th birthday) in Minneapolis. In 1991, Piccard was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. Gene Roddenberry named the """" character Jean-Luc Picard after either Jean or his twin Auguste, and it is implied that"
"the Astronomical Society of France. He then embarked on developing inventions and in 1887, he designed and made a rangefinder, then in 1888 a small captive helicopter powered by an electric motor attached to a battery on the ground. In 1889 he began experimenting with heavier than air aviation: small airplanes propelled by rockets or kites used as a means of traction, on water or on ice. On August 17, 1889, he made his first flight in an untethered balloon and, with his friend Georges Besançon, in 1889 built the ""Sirius"" in which they made a trip from Paris to"
"1965, to a depth of approximately 150 metres. The ride cost CHF 40 and was the hit of the national exhibition. From 1969 to 1984, it achieved scientific and industrial observation dives in the Gulf of Mexico. The ship is currently on display at the Swiss Museum of Transport in Lucerne. It was fully restored for the first time between 2005 and 2014, the restoration taking 28,000 hours. Auguste Piccard (PX-8) The Auguste Piccard mesoscaphe, also known simply as the Mésoscaphe, was a manned underwater submarine designed in 1964 by Jacques Piccard, son of Auguste Piccard. It was the world's"
"called it the ""Machine"". Bohnenberger's machine was based on a rotating massive sphere. In 1832, American Walter R. Johnson developed a similar device that was based on a rotating disc. The French mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, working at the École Polytechnique in Paris, recommended the machine for use as a teaching aid, and thus it came to the attention of Léon Foucault. In 1852, Foucault used it in an experiment involving the rotation of the Earth. It was Foucault who gave the device its modern name, in an experiment to see (Greek ""skopeein"", to see) the Earth's rotation (Greek ""gyros"", circle"
"cart or coach, making them easier to move over the ground. Even Johnson recognized the potential for exploration, stating, ""How easily shall we trace the Nile through all its passages; pass over to distant regions and examine the face of nature, from one extremity of the Earth to the other."" Blanchard's companion Dr. John Jeffries considered ballooning to be a major part of an exploration of the secrets of flight, the nature of the upper atmosphere, and the formation of weather, and took instruments such as a mercury barometer, a thermometer, a hydrometer and an electrometer to take different measurements"
"many scientists and engineers used their growing knowledge of electrical theory in an attempt to devise a machine which would pinpoint metal. The use of such a device to find ore-bearing rocks would give a huge advantage to any miner who employed it. Early machines were crude, used a lot of battery power, and worked only to a very limited degree. In 1874, Parisian inventor Gustave Trouvé developed a hand-held device for locating and extracting metal objects such as bullets from human patients. Inspired by Trouvé, Alexander Graham Bell developed a similar device to attempt to locate a bullet lodged"
"the submersible . In the 1950s, Auguste Piccard invented the bathyscaphe and used the bathyscaphe to investigate the ocean's depths. The United States nuclear submarine made the first journey under the ice to the North Pole in 1958. In 1962 the FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform), a spar buoy, was first deployed. From the 1970s, there has been much emphasis on the application of large scale computers to oceanography to allow numerical predictions of ocean conditions and as a part of overall environmental change prediction. An oceanographic buoy array was established in the Pacific to allow prediction of El Niño events."
"vegetable forms, and to propose a new classification of metals that were not based on affinity to oxygen but in the laws governing ""the formation of absorbency in precipitates."" He studied the reflection of light and invented a ""trifocal light mirror."" He invented an apparatus for producing a vacuum without the need for a ""pneumo-barometer"" machine. This was very successful in Paris and was recommended in scientific journals. His other inventions were a clock marking World Time, a device that allowed lifting any weight that was patented in the United States and an invention called Double Ludion which was patented"
"is possible), to facilitate future research, as well as catalogue in preparation, now available online. He also was able to show that various instruments long thought to have been of medieval European inspiration, such as the universal horary quadrant with movable solar-calendrical scale (12th-century Spain) and the universal horary device for timekeeping by the sun known as the ""navicula de Venetiis"" (14th-century England) were actually devised in 9th-century Baghdad, as was the universal horary device for timekeeping by the stars. A 14th-century French astrolabe from Picardy featuring all numbers in ingenious monastic ciphers, merited a book (""The Ciphers of the"
"Piccard had actually claimed he would study the light from Mars through a spectroscope to try to find evidence of oxygen and water at a high altitude to ensure his measurements were as precise as possible. In 1935 and 1936, to reduce weight and thus enabling a balloon to reach higher altitudes, plastic balloon construction began independently by Max Cosyns in Belgium, Erich Regener in Germany, and Thomas H. Johnson and Jean Piccard, then at the Franklin Institute Bartol Research Foundation in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania. Johnson suggested cellophane to Jean Piccard. Piccard with his wife co-invented the plastic balloon and he"
"Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt (Latin), Pierre Pelerin de Maricourt (French), or Peter Peregrinus of Maricourt (fl. 1269), was a 13th-century French scholar who conducted experiments on magnetism and wrote the first extant treatise describing the properties of magnets. His work is particularly noted for containing the earliest detailed discussion of freely pivoting compass needles, a fundamental component of the dry compass soon to appear in medieval navigation. He also wrote a treatise on the construction and use of a universal astrolabe. Peregrinus’ text on the magnet is entitled in many of the manuscripts of it ""Epistola"
"Foucault pendulum The Foucault pendulum ( ; ) or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault and conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. The pendulum was introduced in 1851 and was the first experiment to give simple, direct evidence of the earth's rotation. Today, Foucault pendulums are popular displays in science museums and universities. The first public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum took place in February 1851 in the Meridian of the Paris Observatory. A few weeks later, Foucault made his most famous pendulum when he suspended a 28-kg brass-coated lead bob"
"and order of its internal wheels different letters, and hence different messages, could be produced. In effect, it could be mechanically ""programmed"" to read instructions. Along with two other complex machines, the doll is at the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and still operates. The tide-predicting machine invented by Sir William Thomson in 1872 was of great utility to navigation in shallow waters. It used a system of pulleys and wires to automatically calculate predicted tide levels for a set period at a particular location. The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by"
"Jean Picard Jean-Félix Picard (21 July 1620 – 12 July 1682) was a French astronomer and priest born in La Flèche, where he studied at the Jesuit Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand. He died in Paris, France. He is principally notable for his accurate measure the size of the Earth, based on a careful survey of one degree of latitude along the Paris Meridian. Picard was the first person to measure the size of the Earth to a reasonable degree of accuracy in a survey conducted in 1669–70, for which he is honored with a pyramid at Juvisy-sur-Orge. Guided by Maurolycus's methodology"
"Auguste Piccard (PX-8) The Auguste Piccard mesoscaphe, also known simply as the Mésoscaphe, was a manned underwater submarine designed in 1964 by Jacques Piccard, son of Auguste Piccard. It was the world's first passenger submarine, built for Expo64, the 1964 Swiss national exhibition in Lausanne. It was built at the Giovanola fabrication plant in Monthey and the first immersion took place in Le Bouveret on 27 February 1964. It has a total of 45 Plexiglas portholes, with 20 on each side for the 40 passengers. The ""Auguste Piccard"" achieved 1,100 dives in Lake Geneva with 33,000 visitors in 1964 and"
"the character is a descendant of one of the brothers. Jean Piccard Jean Felix Piccard (January 28, 1884 in Basel, Switzerland – January 28, 1963 in Minneapolis, Minnesota), also known as Jean Piccard, was a Swiss-born American chemist, engineer, professor and high-altitude balloonist. He invented clustered high-altitude balloons, and with his wife Jeannette, the plastic balloon. Piccard's inventions and co-inventions are used in balloon flight, aircraft and spacecraft. Piccard and Jeannette Ridlon met at the University of Chicago where he taught and she received her master's degree. They married and had three sons, John, Paul and Donald, and also had"
"wristwatch. While the project proved the concept it has missed the window of opportunity to competition. Although there are a number of mementos in his office for the work he has done, he considers his patents his best awards. His contribution to the development of HP-35, the first handheld scientific calculator, was publicly honored as part of the IEEE Milestone in Electrical Engineering and Computing celebration held at Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto in April 2009. Photos of the event. HP-01 HP-45 HP-80 RFID-based Security products, Sielox Systems, Inc GPS and navigation Measurement instruments France Rode France Rode (November 20, 1934"
"Ben Franklin (PX-15) The Ben Franklin mesoscaphe, also known as the Grumman/Piccard PX-15, was a manned underwater submersible built in 1968. It was the brainchild of explorer and inventor Jacques Piccard. The research vessel was designed to house a six-man crew for up to 30 days of oceanographic study in the depths of the Gulf Stream. NASA became involved, seeing this as an opportunity to study the effects of long-term, continuous close confinement, a useful simulation of long space flights. The ""Ben Franklin"" was built between 1966 and 1968 at the Giovanola fabrication plant in Monthey, Switzerland by Piccard and"
"Jacques Piccard Jacques Piccard (28 July 19221 November 2008) was a Swiss oceanographer and engineer, known for having developed underwater submarines for studying ocean currents. In the Challenger Deep, he and Lt. Don Walsh of the United States Navy were the first people to explore the deepest part of the world's ocean, and the deepest location on the surface of Earth's crust, the Mariana Trench, located in the western North Pacific Ocean. Jacques Piccard was born in Brussels, Belgium, to Auguste Piccard, who was himself an adventurer and engineer. Jacques' father Auguste twice beat the record for reaching the highest"
"physical, chemical and biological oceanography, as well as to launch small submarines such as the manned submersible ""Nautile"" and the ROV ""Victor 6000"". Notably, ""Pourquoi Pas?"" has been used for the 2007 deployment and connection operations for the ANTARES neutrino telescope. In 2008, ""Pourquoi Pas?"" was used for the initial testing and operations of the PERISCOP, a pressurized deep sea fish recovery device. In June 2009 she assisted in the recovery of Air France Flight 447. ""This article was translated from the from the French Wikipedia, on 4/29/06."" French ship Pourquoi Pas? (2005) Pourquoi Pas? () is a research vessel"
"8 May 1858. Unusually, he had thoroughly worked out the theory of this invention before making any experimental instrument, having explained the idea in 1850. Others had worked on using jets, particularly Eugène Bourdon who patented a very similar device in 1857. In 1863, he was appointed a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. In response to his declining eyesight, Giffard committed suicide in 1882, leaving his estate to the nation for humanitarian and scientific purposes. Henri Giffard Baptiste Jules Henri Jacques Giffard (8 February 182514 April 1882) was a French engineer. In 1852 he invented the steam injector and the"
"PERISCOP The PERISCOP is a pressurized recovery device designed for retrieving deep-sea marine life at depths exceeding 2,000 metres. The device was designed by Bruce Shillito and Gerard Hamel at the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie. The name is an acronym for the French phrase ""Projet d’Enceinte de Remontée Isobare Servant la Capture d’Organismes Profonds"" (""Enclosure project for isobaric ascent serving to capture deep organisms""). The PERISCOP is a unique pressurized recovery devices that contains three chambers – one for capture, one for recovery under exterior pressure, and one for transfer to the laboratory while maintaining pressure. Previous recovery devices"