"book on the Black Donnellys in the 1950s, and the story of the family has been retold and fictionalized ever since. Lumberjack heroes are one genre of Canadian folklore that spread throughout the Great Lakes region. The lumberjack tall tales, some of which later became popular as Paul Bunyan tales, often had French-Canadian origins, but were hugely popular among the itinerant lumberjacks of Ontario and the northern United States as well. Ottawa Valley storytellers transformed a real historical figure, the Quebec lumberjack Joseph Montferrand, into ""Joe Muffreau"" or ""Big Joe Mufferaw"". Other lumberjack heroes include Julius Neville, Louis Cyr, and"
"than humanly possible. He is accompanied by a blue ox named Babe. Bunyan was first created by the oral tradition of North American loggers. He was later popularized by freelance writer William B. Laughed in a 1916 promotional pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company. Bunyan is known as a symbol of the American lumberjack. Some historians believe Bunyan was based on the French-Canadian logger Fabian ""Joe"" Fournier. Bunyan was originally portrayed as a hardworking American logger of large but normal proportions. As his popularity grew, so did his stature, until he was eventually portrayed as standing at treetop height."
"camp, the winter of the blue snow, and stove skating. All four anecdotes are mirrored in J. E. Rockwell's ""Some Lumberjack Myths"" six years later, and James MacGillivray wrote on the subject of stove skating in ""Round River"" four years before that. MacGillivray's account, somewhat extended, reappeared in ""The American Lumberman"" in 1910. ""The American Lumberman"" followed up with a few sporadic editorials, such as ""Paul Bunyan's Oxen,"" ""In Paul Bunyan's Cook Shanty,"" and ""Chronicle of Life and Works of Mr. Paul Bunyan."" Rockwell's earlier story was one of the few to allude to Paul Bunyan's large stature, ""eight feet"
"Mufferaw), the French-Canadian known for his physical prowess and desire to protect the French-speaking logger, have been celebrated as folk heroes throughout North America, and have contributed to the mythos of the Lumberjack. The lives of loggers have been featured on the following American television series: Lumberjack Lumberjacks are North American workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees for ultimate processing into forest products. The term usually refers to a bygone era (before 1945 in the United States) when hand tools were used in harvesting trees. Because of its historical ties, the term"
"occasionally repeated in other accounts. Stewart and Watt acknowledge that they have not yet succeeded in definitively finding out whether Bunyan was based on an actual person or was wholly mythical. They have noted, however, that some of the older lumberjacks whom they interviewed claimed to have known him or members of his crew, and the supposed location of his grave was actually pointed out in northern Minnesota. Bunyan's extreme gigantism was a later invention, and early stories either do not mention it or, as in the Stewart and Watt paper, refer to him as being about seven feet tall."
"Jigger Johnson Albert Lewis Johnson (18711935), better known as Jigger Johnson, also Wildcat Johnson, Jigger Jones, or simply The Jigger, was a legendary logging foreman, trapper, and fire warden for the U.S. Forest Service who was known throughout the American East for his many off-the-job exploits, such as catching bobcats alive barehanded, and drunken brawls. Logging historians, such as Stewart Holbrook, Robert Pike, and others, have called him ""the last lumberjack"" of the old-fashioned type who ""cut a swath of timber from Maine to Oregon"" and ""yelled like crazy devils every spring when they pounded the bars in Bangor, Saginaw,"
"in his honor. Jigger Johnson Albert Lewis Johnson (18711935), better known as Jigger Johnson, also Wildcat Johnson, Jigger Jones, or simply The Jigger, was a legendary logging foreman, trapper, and fire warden for the U.S. Forest Service who was known throughout the American East for his many off-the-job exploits, such as catching bobcats alive barehanded, and drunken brawls. Logging historians, such as Stewart Holbrook, Robert Pike, and others, have called him ""the last lumberjack"" of the old-fashioned type who ""cut a swath of timber from Maine to Oregon"" and ""yelled like crazy devils every spring when they pounded the bars"
"Tom Hickathrift Tom Hickathrift (or sometimes Jack Hickathrift) is a legendary figure of East Anglian English folklore — a character similar to Jack the Giant Killer. He famously battled a giant, and is sometimes said to be a giant himself, though normally he is just represented as possessing giant-like strength. Various stories of his exploits have grown up. In one version he is fabled to have been a simple labourer at the time of the Norman Conquest and to have killed a giant in the marsh at Tilney, Norfolk armed only with an axle-tree stuck into a cartwheel. When his"
"by commercial interests. Laughead, in 1916, devised the original advertising pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company utilizing the Paul Bunyan folk character. Laughead reworked original folklore while adding some tales of his own. This has led to significant confusion as to Paul Bunyan's legitimacy as a genuine folkloric character. Laughead took many liberties with the original oral source material. While still a lumberjack of gigantic stature and size with extreme power and strength, Paul Bunyan's height was magnified so as to tower over trees and Laughead attributed to him the creation of several American landscapes, landmarks and natural wonders."
"Lumberjack Lumberjacks are North American workers in the logging industry who perform the initial harvesting and transport of trees for ultimate processing into forest products. The term usually refers to a bygone era (before 1945 in the United States) when hand tools were used in harvesting trees. Because of its historical ties, the term lumberjack has become ingrained in popular culture through folklore, mass media and spectator sports. The actual work was difficult, dangerous, intermittent, low-paying, and primitive in living conditions. However, the men built a traditional culture that celebrated strength, masculinity, confrontation with danger, and resistance to modernization. The"
"both known for fighting giants, ate prodigiously and used a hammer-like weapon (there is even a suggestion that the ""miller"" and Thor's hammer Mjolnir come from the same source). He is mentioned in Laurence Sterne's ""Tristram Shandy"" and ""Lavengro"" by George Borrow, although Borrow places his exploits as far north as Lincolnshire. The elaborate moulded plasterwork (pargeting) decorating the Old Sun Inn in Saffron Walden, Essex features his battle against the Wisbech Giant. A character named Hiccafrith, based on Tom, appears in Marcus Pitcaithly's Hereward trilogy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8VrPQmXOSqA&t=1s Tom Hickathrift Tom Hickathrift (or sometimes Jack Hickathrift) is a legendary figure of"
"finding their way into print. In contrast to the lengthy narratives abundant in published material, Paul Bunyan ""stories"" when told in the lumbercamp bunkhouses were presented in short fragments. Some of these stories include motifs from older folktales, such as absurdly severe weather and fearsome critters. Parallels in early printings support the view that at least a handful of Bunyan stories hold a common origin in folklore. The earliest recorded reference to Paul Bunyan is an uncredited 1904 editorial in the ""Duluth News Tribune"" which recounts: Each of these elements recurs in later accounts, including logging the Dakotas, a giant"
"the continent to the Upper Midwest, and finally the Pacific Northwest. Stewart Holbrook documented the emergence and westward migration of the classic American lumberjack in his first book, ""Holy Old Mackinaw: A Natural History of the American Lumberjack"". He often wrote colourfully about lumberjacks in his subsequent books, romanticizing them as hard-drinking, hard-working men. Logging camps were slowly phased out between World War II and the early 1960s as crews could by then be transported to remote logging sites in motor vehicles. The division of labour in lumber camps led to several specialized jobs on logging crews, such as whistle"
"for his extraordinary intuition, tolerance to cold weather, ability to consume massive amounts of any proof alcohol, and his enormous strength. It is through the recounting of the Jigger's numerous off-the-job exploits by these historians that the Jigger has become somewhat of an American folk hero. In the 1940 Warner Brothers film ""King of the Lumberjacks"", there is a character played by Joe Sawyer named ""Jigger"", who is loosely based on Jigger Johnson. In 1969, the United States Forest Service opened the Jigger Johnson Campground in the White Mountain National Forest, near where the Jigger once trapped, which they named"
"Cordwood Pete Cordwood Pete is a fictional character who was the younger brother of legendary lumberjack Paul Bunyan. While Paul Bunyan is said to have been a giant of a man, his younger brother Peter Bunyan was a mere in height. Pete's growth was apparently stunted by the fact that he could never get enough flapjacks at the breakfast table because Paul ate everything in sight. According to legend, Paul Bunyan left his home in Bangor, Maine, to make his way in the world, and ended up in the north woods of Minnesota where he excelled as a lumberjack. Pete,"
"Joe Magarac Joe Magarac is a pseudo-legendary American folk hero. He is presented to readers as having been the protagonist of tales of oral folklore told by steelworkers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which later spread throughout the industrial areas of the Midwestern United States. Magarac first appeared in print in a 1931 Scribner's Magazine article by Owen Francis, who said he heard the story from Croatian immigrant steelworkers in Pittsburgh area steel mills. However, field research in the early 1950s failed to uncover any traces of an oral tradition about the character, meaning that Joe Magarac, like Big Steve and Febold"
"nearly 8 ft (2.4 m) tall and covered in reddish-brown body hair. In 1994 Freeman captured a purported Bigfoot on videotape near the Blue Mountains region of northeastern Oregon. The recording is considered authentic by some Bigfoot investigators, but is of resolution too low to be considered conclusive by most. It was also spoofed many times in Kokanee beer advertisements. Freeman died at his Airway Heights, Washington home at the age of 59 from complications of diabetes. Paul Freeman (cryptozoologist) Paul Freeman (August 10, 1943 – April 2, 2003) was an American Bigfoot hunter who claimed to have discovered Bigfoot"
"to be about forty feet long. Other reported sightings claim that the creature was similar to a very large catfish or mudpuppy. The Nebraska State Historical Society reports that contemporary accounts believed Johnson actually saw an unusually large beaver. The original legend of the Walgren Lake Monster claimed to be corroborated by Native American accounts of a similar beast inhabiting the lake. The initial story of a lake monster which devoured livestock sparked curiosity throughout Nebraska and abroad, even reaching the London Times. According to some articles published at the time, unsuccessful efforts were made to capture the monster. In"
"term lumberjack is of Canadian derivation. The first attested use of the word comes from an 1831 letter to the Cobourg Star and General Advertiser in the following passage: ""my misfortunes have been brought upon me chiefly by an incorrigible, though perhaps useful, race of mortals called LUMBERJACKS, whom, however, I would name the Cossack's of Upper Canada, who, having been reared among the oaks and pines of the wild forest, have never been subjected to the salutary restraint of laws."" The term ""lumberjack"" is primarily historical; logger is used by workers in the 21st century. When ""lumberjack"" is used,"
"Fearsome critters In early lumberjack folklore, fearsome critters are fantastical beasts that were said to inhabit the frontier wilderness of North America. Fearsome critters were an integral part of oral tradition in North America lumber camps during the turn of the 20th century, principally as a means to pass time (such as in tall tales) or as a jest for hazing newcomers. In a typical fearsome critter gag, a person would casually remark about a strange noise or sight they encountered in the wild; subsequently, another accomplice would join in. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper would begin to investigate, as Henry H."
"tall measure... Perhaps you cannot hope to match Tony's doings, but you can match his dream."" The musical play ""Tony Beaver"" was first performed at the Idyllwild School of Music and the Arts, Idyllwild, CA, in 1955. Tony Beaver Tony Beaver is a character in several tall tales, often in tandem with stories of Paul Bunyan. Beaver was a West Virginian woodsman located up Eel River, often described as a cousin of Paul Bunyan, and champion griddle skater of the southern United States. The stories appeared in print in the early 20th century and were later compiled by Mary E."
"Blunderbore Blunderbore (also recorded as Blunderboar, Thunderbore, Blunderbus, or Blunderbuss) is a giant of Cornish and English folklore. A number of folk and fairy tales include a giant named Blunderbore, most notably ""Jack the Giant Killer"". The stories usually associate him with the area of Penwith. Cornish folklore remembers Blunderbore as living in Ludgvan Lese (a manor in Ludgvan), where he terrorized travelers heading north to St Ives. In ""Jack the Giant Killer"" he is the second or third giant (along with his brother Rebecks) killed by the hero Jack. Under the influence of that story, the name ""Blunderbore"" is"
"in the Great Plains region, Feboldson eventually became a strongman rather than a lumberjack, and his prodigious strength was demonstrated through other means in the stories. Caroll and another man, Don Holmes, wrote numerous Febold Feboldson stories between 1928 and 1933, which featured Feboldson taking on Native Americans, politicians, disease outbreaks, droughts, tornadoes, and even excessive heat and cold. In 1932, Paul Robert Beath published the first widely-circulated story about Febold Feboldson, ""Paul Bunyan and Febold"" in the University of Nebraska - Lincoln's literary magazine, ""Prairie Schooner"" (vol. VI, p. 59-61). Beath's account claims to be based on interviews with"
"Walgren Lake Monster The Walgren Lake Monster (also known as the Alkali Lake Monster and Giganticus Brutervious) is a cryptid of varying description reported in Walgren Lake near Hay Springs, Nebraska. Different accounts offer wide-ranging descriptions of the creature. One of the earliest and most famous accounts by a local man named J.A. Johnson described an animal that was dull grey or brown and similar to an alligator, but much larger and heavier with a horn between its eyes and nostrils. Johnson and two others claimed to see the monster from twenty yards away and the men estimated the creature"
"in logging camps and forest industries. At the same time, several authors have come forward to propose that the legend of Paul Bunyan was based on a real person. D. Laurence Rogers and others have suggested a possible connection between Paul Bunyan tales and the exploits of French-Canadian lumberjack Fabian Fournier (1845 – 1875). From 1865 to 1875, Fournier worked for the H. M. Loud Company in the Grayling, Michigan area. James Stevens in his 1925 book ""Paul Bunyan"" makes another unverified claim that Paul Bunyan was a soldier in the Papineau Rebellion named Paul Bon Jean, and this is"
"Dewey Lake Monster The Dewey Lake Monster is the name given to a legendary creature said to be approximately tall and weighing about , which first gained wide notoriety in June 1964 after several reported sightings near Dewey Lake in Dowagiac, Michigan. It is also referred to as the ""Michigan Bigfoot"" and ""Sister Lakes Sasquatch"". According to legend, the creature was rumored to dwell primarily along a stretch of swamp-land extending from Dowagiac/Sister Lakes toward Decatur, Michigan (along Dewey Lake Street). In 1964, the tale gained national attention and caused a flood of curious thrill-seekers and monster-hunters to besiege the"
"big business ... It can no longer be considered simply as a natural phenomenon that can be studied with the techniques of a naturalist; the entrepreneurs have moved in and folklore has become fakelore."" Bigfoot in popular culture Bigfoot or Sasquatch, is an alleged ape-like creature purportedly inhabiting forests, mainly in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. More than fifty years have passed since the first supposed sightings of Bigfoot were reported in California. The character of Bigfoot has been used frequently in popular culture including film, TV, advertising, and literature. Bigfoot has also been the subject of several"
"by Arvid ""Clem"" Clementson who was the mayor of Fosston when he died at the age of 81. Cordwood Pete Cordwood Pete is a fictional character who was the younger brother of legendary lumberjack Paul Bunyan. While Paul Bunyan is said to have been a giant of a man, his younger brother Peter Bunyan was a mere in height. Pete's growth was apparently stunted by the fact that he could never get enough flapjacks at the breakfast table because Paul ate everything in sight. According to legend, Paul Bunyan left his home in Bangor, Maine, to make his way in"
"a sort of bigfoot from Slavic mythology, who is more man than ape and more woodland spirit than mortal creature. In 1926, a policeman reported seeing a “hairy wild man” over two meters tall (6.6 ft) in Golosov Ravine. The policeman pulled out his pistol, but the strange creature instantly dissolved in the fog. Local schoolchildren joined the search for the unusual guest, but they were unable to detect his traces. However, one of the official Moscow newspapers published the article “Young Pioneers (Soviet Boy Scouts) are capturing a leshy”, by the journalist A.Ryazantsev. The ""sacred stones of Kolomenskoe"" are"
"The Legend of Bigfoot The Legend of Bigfoot is a 1976 American pseudo-documentary film directed by Harry Winer. Animal tracker Ivan Marx opens by mentioning the film is the culmination of 10 years of research. He says that the Eskimos called the creature ""bushman,"" the Colville Indians ""Sasquatch,"" and the Hoopas ""Om-mah,"" but is most commonly known as Bigfoot. Marx's brother-in-law takes him to the land of petrified wood, showing him rock carvings of creatures with big hands and feet. The carvings tell the story of the creature stealing children, causing a village to be abandoned. Marx finds large tracks"
"Nevertheless, these traditions portray the local humans as terrified of the giants. The Delaware and Mohican people believed, by contrast, in ancient giant ""naked"" bears who hunted the indigenous people of the eastern United States. The last of these monstrous creatures was said to have been killed hundreds of years ago on a cliff at the Hudson River. According to Cotton Mather, there was universal consensus among the Native Americans living within a hundred miles of the Claverack discovery that the remains were verification of their tales of ancient giants. According to the Albany Indians the giant was called Maughkompos."
"lumber camps and often lived a migratory life, following timber harvesting jobs as they opened. Being a lumberjack was seasonal work. Lumberjacks were exclusively men. They usually lived in bunkhouses or tents. Common equipment included the axe and cross-cut saw. Lumberjacks could be found wherever there were vast forests to be harvested and a demand for wood, most likely in Scandinavia, Canada, and parts of the United States. In the U.S., many lumberjacks were of Scandinavian ancestry, continuing the family tradition. American lumberjacks were first centred in north-eastern states such as Maine. They then followed the general westward migration on"
"also highlighted in ""Saints Row IV"" as a weapon which the player uses to fight a giant energy drink mascot. Joe Magarac Joe Magarac is a pseudo-legendary American folk hero. He is presented to readers as having been the protagonist of tales of oral folklore told by steelworkers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which later spread throughout the industrial areas of the Midwestern United States. Magarac first appeared in print in a 1931 Scribner's Magazine article by Owen Francis, who said he heard the story from Croatian immigrant steelworkers in Pittsburgh area steel mills. However, field research in the early 1950s failed"