"species. Araneus marmoreus Araneus marmoreus, commonly called the marbled orb-weaver, is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is sometimes also called the pumpkin spider from the resemblance of the female's inflated abdomen to an orange pumpkin. It has a Holarctic distribution. ""Araneus marmoreus"" is found throughout all of Canada to Alaska, the northern Rockies, from North Dakota to Texas, and then east to the Atlantic, as well as in Europe. It is one of the showiest orbweavers. Two main forms of this species are known. The nominate variety has an orange abdomen with black or brown"
"Asarum europaeum Asarum europaeum, commonly known as asarabacca, European wild ginger, hazelwort, and wild spikenard, is a species of flowering plant in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae, native to large parts of temperate Europe, and also cultivated in gardens. It is a creeping evergreen perennial with glossy green, kidney shaped leaves and solitary dull purple flowers hidden by the leaves. Though its roots have a ginger aroma, it is not closely related to the true culinary ginger ""Zingiber officinale"", which originates in tropical Asian rainforests. It is sometimes harvested for use as a spice or a flavoring. In former days, it"
"named by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753, although it had been described a century earlier by botanists such as Nicholas Culpeper. Today, it grows wild in all the world's warm and moderate regions, where it is found along roadsides and at dung-rich livestock enclosures. In Europe, it is found as a weed on wastelands and in garbage dumps. The seed is thought to be carried by birds and spread in their droppings. Its seeds can lie dormant underground for years and germinate when the soil is disturbed. The Royal Horticultural Society has advised worried gardeners to dig it up"
"and two long ones. The carpels are fused and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp. There are a number of closely related taxa which hybridize with ""L. galeobdolon"" and in some cases are not unequivocally accepted as distinct species but considered subspecies or varieties by many authors. Most well-known among these is variegated yellow archangel (subsp. ""argentatum""), whose leaves often have variegation, showing as silver patches arranged as a wide semicircle. This, and in particular its large-flowered and even stronger-marked cultivar 'variegatum', is the taxon most often met with as a garden escapee. It is native to Europe, and found"
"European hedgehog The European hedgehog (""Erinaceus europaeus""), also known as the West European hedgehog or common hedgehog, is a hedgehog species found in Europe, from Iberia and Italy northwards into Scandinavia. It is a generally common and widely distributed species that can survive across a wide range of habitat types. It is a well-known species, and a favorite in European gardens, both for its endearing appearance and its preference for eating a range of garden pests. While populations are currently stable across much of its range, it is thought to be declining severely in Great Britain. ""Erinaceus europaeus"" has a"
"Carl Linnaeus in ""Species Plantarum"" Vol.1 page39 on 1 May 1753. It was later published by Ker-Gawler in Curtis's Botanical Magazine Vol.18 page681 in 1803. Then by B. Fedtsch in ""Flora of SSSR"" Vol.4 page529 in 1935. It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and then updated on 1 December 2004. It is an accepted name by the RHS, and it gained the RHS's Award of Garden Merit. It is native to temperate areas of Europe, and Asia. It is widespread from Spain to Russia. Within Asia, it is found in"
"through Europe and Western Asia. An introduced species in the USA, Washington State has declared it a ""noxious weed"" and banned its sale. Lamium galeobdolon Lamium galeobdolon, commonly known as yellow archangel, artillery plant, aluminium plant, or yellow weasel-snout is a widespread wildflower in Europe, and has been introduced elsewhere as a garden plant. It displays the zygomorphic flower morphology, opposite leaves, and square stems typical of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The flowers are soft yellow and borne in axial clusters, with a prominent 'hood' (the dorsal lobe of the corolla). It spreads easily and so has been commonly used"
"have pink-purple stalks with dark purple anthers. It is native to much of Europe and Asia, but is cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. Several cultivars are available for garden use, of which 'Mrs Kendall Clark' and 'Plenum violaceum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Meadow cranesbill is its most common name, although other names include 'meadow crane's-bill' and 'meadow geranium'. Geranium pratense Geranium pratense, the meadow crane's-bill or meadow geranium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to Europe and Asia. Forming a clump roughly tall and broad, it is a herbaceous perennial"
"genus. Asphodelus Asphodelus is a genus of mainly perennial plants first described for modern science in 1753. The genus is native to temperate Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent, and now naturalized in other places (New Zealand, Australia, Mexico, southwestern United States, etc.). Asphodels are popular garden plants, which grow in well-drained soils with abundant natural light. Now placed in the family Asphodelaceae, the genus was formerly included in the lily family (Liliaceae). The plants are hardy herbaceous perennials with narrow tufted radical leaves and an elongated stem bearing a handsome spike of white or"
"Angraecum sesquipedale Angraecum sesquipedale , also known as Darwin's orchid, Christmas orchid, Star of Bethlehem orchid, and King of the Angraecums, is an epiphytic orchid in the genus ""Angraecum"" endemic to Madagascar. The orchid was first discovered by the French botanist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars in 1798, but was not described until 1822. It is noteworthy for its long spur and its association with the naturalist Charles Darwin, who surmised that the flower was pollinated by a then undiscovered moth with a proboscis whose length was unprecedented at the time. His prediction had gone unverified until 21 years after his"
"The variegated cultivar 'Argenteovariegata' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Rhamnus alaternus Rhamnus alaternus is a species of flowering plant in the buckthorn family known by the common name of Italian buckthorn or Mediterranean buckthorn. The genus name derives from the Ancient Greek ""rabdos"", or “stick” with reference to the presence in many species of woody spine on the end of each twig. The specific Latin name ""alaternus"", assonant with ""alternus"" or “alternate”, refers to the alternate leaves. ""Rhamnus alaternus"" is an evergreen shrub high. The stems have reddish bark and pubescent young branches, rounded and"
"foliis variegatis, Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust), Magnolia obovata (Japanese bigleaf magnolia), Magnolia yulan (Lily tree), Bignonia catalpa (Herb linn), Pterocarya caucasica (Caucasian wingnut), Prunus laurocerasus (Cherry laurel), Aucuba japonica (Spotted laurel), Buxus sempervirens (European box), Buxus arborescens (Boxwood tree), Ilex aquifolium (European holly), Ilex laurifolia, Berberis aquifolium (Oregon grape), Rhododendron catawbiense, Yucca flamentosa (Adam's needle yucca), Hedera helix (Common ivy). Vērmane Garden Vērmane Garden (, ) is the oldest public garden in the city of Riga, Latvia, and currently comprises an area of approximately . The current name is a Latvian transliteration of the garden's original German name. Vērmane Garden"
"There are two recognised subspecies other than the type, including ""A. europaeum"" ssp. ""caucasicum"", which is confined to the southwestern Alps, and ""A. europaeum"" ssp. ""italicum"", which is found in central and northern Italy as well as in the Skopska Crna Gora mountains of Macedonia and Kosovo. ""A. europaeum"" is quite shade-tolerant and is often employed as groundcover where little else will grow.This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Asarum europaeum Asarum europaeum, commonly known as asarabacca, European wild ginger, hazelwort, and wild spikenard, is a species of flowering plant in the birthwort family Aristolochiaceae,"
"are available for garden use. ""A. punctata"" subsp. ""cupaniana"" has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Anthemis Anthemis is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, closely related to ""Chamaemelum"", and like that genus, known by the common name chamomile; some species are also called dog-fennel or mayweed. ""Anthemis"" are native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia east to Iran. A number of species have also become naturalized in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world. ""Anthemis"" species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including"
"selections are fragrant. Established bulbs leaf in the autumn. ""M. armeniacum"" is widespread in the woods and meadows of the Eastern Mediterranean, from Greece and Turkey to the Caucasus, including Armenia which gives it its name. ""Muscari armeniacum"" is one of the most commonly cultivated species of ""Muscari"", is robust and naturalises easily. It appeared in European gardens in 1871. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit: Cultivars listed by Mathew include 'Blue Spike' and 'Cantab'. Others include 'Argaei Album' and 'Album' (white), 'Côte d'Azur', 'Dark Eyes, 'Early Giant', 'Fantasy Creation', 'Peppermint', 'Saffier', 'Valerie Finnis'"
"Asphodelus Asphodelus is a genus of mainly perennial plants first described for modern science in 1753. The genus is native to temperate Europe, the Mediterranean, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent, and now naturalized in other places (New Zealand, Australia, Mexico, southwestern United States, etc.). Asphodels are popular garden plants, which grow in well-drained soils with abundant natural light. Now placed in the family Asphodelaceae, the genus was formerly included in the lily family (Liliaceae). The plants are hardy herbaceous perennials with narrow tufted radical leaves and an elongated stem bearing a handsome spike of white or yellow"
"gardens, particularly in northern Europe, and is widely naturalised in woodlands in the regions where it is grown. It is, however, native to a large area of Europe, from Spain in the west, eastwards to Ukraine. It is native to Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is considered naturalised in Great Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and parts of North America (Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Ontario, Massachusetts, Alabama, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Indiana, Washington State, New"
"of their native range, e.g. in the UK, Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. A natural hybrid ""C. siehei"" x ""C. luciliae"" also occurs. There has been considerable confusion over the correct names of species grown in gardens, with the most common being called either ""C. luciliae"", ""C. forbesii"" or ""C. siehei"". A 2005 Royal Horticultural Society publication which illustrates all three of these species states that the most common garden species is properly called ""C. siehei"". Three species were awarded the RHS Award of Garden Merit (H4 – hardy outdoors anywhere in the British Isles) in 1993 which was re-confirmed"
"natural hybrid between those species. James Allen (nurseryman) James Allen (1830 – 1906), known as the ""Snowdrop King,"" was a nurseryman and galanthophile of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, United Kingdom, known principally for his hybridizations of snowdrops and anemones. He is credited with the discovery of ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" (1883). Allen spotted ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" amongst a batch of bulbs that had been imported from the Caucasus. Originally classed as a species, this strongly scented snowdrop is now thought to be a hybrid. It is described as being ""intermediate in appearance between ""G. caucasicus"" [ now ""G. elwesii"" var. ""monostictus"" ] and ""G."
"cultivars have been developed for garden use, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: Erica erigena Erica erigena, the Irish heath, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae, native to cliffs and heathland in Ireland, southwestern France, Spain, Portugal and Tangier. It is a compact evergreen shrub growing to , with somewhat brittle foliage and deep pink honey-scented flowers in winter and spring. Its appearance in the far west of Ireland, separated from the main Mediterranean populations, suggests a garden escape. In cultivation, it is often seen as groundcover amongst"
"Taraxacum Taraxacum () is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, which consists of species commonly known as dandelions. They are native to Eurasia and North America, but the two commonplace species worldwide, ""T. officinale"" and ""T. erythrospermum"", were introduced from Europe and now propagate as wildflowers. Both species are edible in their entirety. The common name dandelion ( , from French ""dent-de-lion"", meaning ""lion's tooth"") is given to members of the genus. Like other members of the Asteraceae family, they have very small flowers collected together into a composite flower head. Each single flower in a"
"junonia"" and ""I. reichenbachii"", which flower as early as February and March in the Northern Hemisphere, followed by the dwarf forms of ""I. pumila"", and then by most of the tall bearded varieties, such as the German iris and its variety ""florentina"", sweet iris, Hungarian iris, lemon-yellow iris (""I. flavescens""), ""Iris sambucina"", ""I. amoena"", and their natural and horticultural hybrids such as those described under names like ""I. neglecta"" or ""I. squalens"" and best united under ""I. × lurida"". Bearded iris are classified as dwarf, tall, or aril. In Europe, the most commonly found garden iris is a hybrid iris"
"and broad. Numerous cultivars and varieties have been selected for garden use, of which the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit: Dryopteris affinis Dryopteris affinis (scaly male fern or golden-scaled male fern) is a fern native to western and southern Europe and southwestern Asia. It is most abundant on moist soils in woodlands in areas with high humidity, such as the British Isles and western France. In the Mediterranean region and the Caucasus it is confined to high altitudes. ""Dryopteris affinis"" is virtually evergreen and bears light green fronds long, moderately stiff and hard-textured, the"
"be found in the Republic of Ireland, such as at Birr Castle. One of the largest in Britain is at Cliveden in Buckinghamshire, which covers an area of ; it consists of symmetrical wedge-shaped beds filled with ""Nepeta"" (""catmint""), ""Santolina"" and ""Senecio"", edged with box hedges. Sentinel pyramids of yew stand at the corners. Some early knot gardens have been covered over by lawn or other landscaping but the traces are visible as undulations in the present day landscape. An example of this phenomenon is the early 17th-century garden of Muchalls Castle in Scotland. At Charlecote Park in Warwickshire the"
"Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. In northern Europe, in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In southeastern Europe, within Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Also in southwestern Europe, it is found in France, Portugal and Spain. It grows in the plains and mountains, in pastures, fields, roadsides, waste places ( such as railways, tips and waste ground,) and ruins, but mainly in cultivated places. It prefers calcareous soils in sunny places, at an altitude of above sea level. The flowers are pollinated by various bees"
"Polygonum arenastrum Polygonum arenastrum, commonly known as equal-leaved knotgrass, is a summer annual flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is native to Europe and can be found on other continents as an introduced species and a common noxious weed. Other common names include common knotweed, prostrate knotweed, mat grass, oval-leaf knotweed, stone grass, wiregrass, and door weed, as well as many others, knotweed was first seen in North America in 1809 and is now seen across much of the United States and Canada. Knotweed develops a deep tap root (it can be as deep as ), does well"
"as well as an extremely bitter terpene. Poisonings are more common in young children, who are enticed by the brightly coloured fruits. Ingestion can result in liver and kidney damage and even death. Euonymus europaeus Euonymus europaeus (spindle, European spindle, common spindle) is a species of flowering plant in the family Celastraceae, native to much of Europe, where it inhabits the edges of forest, hedges and gentle slopes, tending to thrive on nutrient-rich, chalky and salt-poor soils. It is a deciduous shrub or small tree. Other names include fusoria, fusanum, ananbeam, shemshad rasmi (Iran), while it may have given its"
"species are widespread weeds. Most species grow in the Mediterranean and bordering regions of Europe and Asia. The number of genera and species in the Southern Hemisphere is rather small, although the family does contain Antarctic pearlwort (""Colobanthus quitensis""), the world's southernmost dicot, which is one of only two flowering plants found in Antarctica. The name comes from ""Caryophyllus"", an obsolete synonym of ""Dianthus"". Despite its size and the somewhat doubtful mutual relationships, this family is rather uniform and easily recognizable. Most are herbaceous annuals or perennials, dying off above ground each year. A few species are shrubs or small"
"James Allen (nurseryman) James Allen (1830 – 1906), known as the ""Snowdrop King,"" was a nurseryman and galanthophile of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, United Kingdom, known principally for his hybridizations of snowdrops and anemones. He is credited with the discovery of ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" (1883). Allen spotted ""Galanthus"" ×""allenii"" amongst a batch of bulbs that had been imported from the Caucasus. Originally classed as a species, this strongly scented snowdrop is now thought to be a hybrid. It is described as being ""intermediate in appearance between ""G. caucasicus"" [ now ""G. elwesii"" var. ""monostictus"" ] and ""G. ikariae"""", and may be a"
"Calendula Calendula (), is a genus of about 15–20 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family Asteraceae that are often known as marigolds. They are native to southwestern Asia, western Europe, Macaronesia, and the Mediterranean. Other plants are also known as marigolds, such as corn marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, and plants of the genus ""Tagetes"". The genus name ""Calendula"" is a modern Latin diminutive of ""calendae"", meaning ""little calendar"", ""little clock"" or possibly ""little weather-glass"". The common name ""marigold"" refers to the Virgin Mary. The most commonly cultivated and used member of the genus is"
"have been bred for horticulture, with low-growing, and large, and long-flowering forms. ""Gardenia jasminoides"" was described by English botanist John Ellis in 1761, after it had been conveyed to England in the 1750s. It gained its association with the name jasmine as the botanist and artist Georg Dionysius Ehret had depicted it and queried whether it was a jasmine as the flowers resembled the latter plant. The name stuck and lived on as common name and scientific epithet. The name ""G. augusta"" of Linnaeus has been ruled invalid. The common names cape jasmine and cape jessamine derive from the earlier"
"Lamium galeobdolon Lamium galeobdolon, commonly known as yellow archangel, artillery plant, aluminium plant, or yellow weasel-snout is a widespread wildflower in Europe, and has been introduced elsewhere as a garden plant. It displays the zygomorphic flower morphology, opposite leaves, and square stems typical of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The flowers are soft yellow and borne in axial clusters, with a prominent 'hood' (the dorsal lobe of the corolla). It spreads easily and so has been commonly used as an ornamental ground cover. It can be invasive in places where it is not native and caution must be taken when planting"
"in gardens, and has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. Ireland. Counties:Down, Antrim and Londonderry. Throughout the British Isles and Europe except for the northern countries. It is found in mountain limestone screes in the Jura and the alps, and on alpine and subalpine limestone cliffs. Polystichum aculeatum Polystichum aculeatum, the hard shield-fern, is an evergreen fern native to Europe. It is most abundant in upland regions of the British Isles and western France, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers, but also occurs more locally across most of Europe except northern"