"animals despite their real-world bases being more closely related to vermin type creatures. Creatures deemed inconsequential by DMs or designers are not given any creature type at all, instead being treated as ""set dressing"" unless a specific game effect targets such non-creatures. Examples include actual-sized spiders, sparrows, fleas, worms, shellfish, and mice. ""Swarm"" type creatures are occasionally written to represent such otherwise nonthreatening creatures if they were to group together by some force of magic within the game world. Under the rules of D&D, animal type creatures do not have an Intelligence score higher than 2. When a designer makes"
"was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved frozen cell nucleus of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells. The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs. One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the woolly mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal. In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon"
"Snuppy Snuppy (Korean: 스너피 a portmanteau of ""SNU"" and ""puppy""; April 24, 2005–May 2015) was an Afghan hound, credited with being the world's first cloned dog. The puppy was created using a cell from an ear from an adult Afghan hound and involved 123 surrogate mothers, of which only three produced pups (Snuppy being the sole survivor). The Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology at Seoul National University, which cloned Snuppy, was led by Woo Suk Hwang. Snuppy has since been used in the first known successful breeding between cloned canines, after his sperm was used to artificially inseminate two cloned"
"had cloned a dog that had been dead for such a long time. In 2016, Hwang's company was regularly cloning pigs which were genetically predisposed to certain diseases so that they could be used for testing pharmaceuticals and cloning cattle which were highly valued for their meat. In total Sooam Biotech was reported to be producing roughly 500 cloned embryos a day from various species. They were also reported to be attempting to clone the Ethiopian wolf, one of the world's rarest canids, of which there are only 500 in the wild, another endangered canid, the Dhole, of which there"
"females, which resulted in the birth of 10 puppies in 2008. After Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1996, scientists had managed to clone numerous other animals, including cats, cows, gaur, horses, mice, mules, pigs, rabbits and rats but had been unable to successfully clone a dog due to the problematic task of maturing a canine ovum in an artificial environment. After several failed attempts by other scientists, Woo Suk Hwang, a lead researcher at Seoul National University, was able to successfully create a clone using tissue from the ear of a 3-year-old Afghan hound. 123 surrogate mothers were used"
"species using the same method for producing Dolly was reported in January 2018. Two identical clones of a macaque monkey, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, were created by researchers in China and were born in late 2017. Dolly (sheep) Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh. The funding"
"Cumulina Cumulina (October 3, 1997-May 5, 2000), a mouse, was the first animal cloned from adult cells that survived to adulthood. She was cloned using the Honolulu technique developed by the Ryuzo Yanagimachi research group, 'Team Yana', at the former campus of the John A. Burns School of Medicine located at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. She was a brown ""Mus musculus"" or common house mouse. Cumulina was named after the cumulus cells surrounding the developing oocyte in the ovarian follicle in mice. Nuclei from these cells were put into egg cell devoid of their original nuclei in the"
"a licence from ViaGen's subsidiary Start Licensing (which owns the original Dolly patent) and created cloned dogs for owners whose dogs had died, charging $100,000 a time Sooam Biotech was reported to have cloned 700 dogs by 2015 and to be producing 500 cloned embryos of various species a day in 2016. Snuppy died in May 2015 at the age of 10. Snuppy Snuppy (Korean: 스너피 a portmanteau of ""SNU"" and ""puppy""; April 24, 2005–May 2015) was an Afghan hound, credited with being the world's first cloned dog. The puppy was created using a cell from an ear from an"
"an American scientist. Unfortunately, Dr. Seto learned too late of the side effects on Maki's psyche and cellular tissue, turning her into the patient zero of a new contagious virus, easily transmitted via kissing, which renders females able to regenerate indefinitely, however with some rather horrific side effects. Crow's Blood Crow's Blood (stylized as CROW'S BLOOD) is a Japanese horror streaming television drama miniseries with an original story concept written by Yasushi Akimoto and executive produced by Darren Lynn Bousman. It stars Mayu Watanabe (at the time a member of AKB48), Sakura Miyawaki (at the time a member of HKT48),"
"Kaguya (mouse) Kaguya was a mouse that had two parents of the same sex (circa April, 2004). She was named after a Japanese folk tale, in which the moon-born princess Kaguya (Kaguya-hime) is found as a baby inside a bamboo stalk. A process called haploidisation is used to remove one of the two sets of chromosomes from some cells leaving them with only one, just like normal gametes. The researchers led by Tomohiro Kono at the Tokyo University of Agriculture used cells from two different female mice and combined them to make a single unique animal. Normally this would not"
"Tetra (monkey) Tetra (born October 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called ""embryo splitting"". She is the first ""cloned"" primate by artificial twinning, and was created by a team led by Professor Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center. Nonetheless, in January 2018, scientists in China reported in the journal ""Cell"" the creation of two crab-eating macaque monkey clones, named ""Zhong Zhong"" and ""Hua Hua"", using the complex DNA transfer method that produced ""Dolly"" the sheep, for the first time. Tetra was created using embryo splitting, a process where the cells in"
"Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua Zhong Zhong (, born 27 November 2017) and Hua Hua (, born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996. They are the first cloned primates produced by this technique. Unlike previous attempts to clone monkeys, the donated nuclei came from fetal cells, not embryonic cells. The primates were both born at the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai. Since scientists produced"
"embryos. The attempt to clone a banteng bull was more successful, as were the attempts to clone mouflon (a form of wild sheep), both resulting in viable offspring. The reprogramming process that cells need to go through during cloning is not perfect and embryos produced by nuclear transfer often show abnormal development. Making cloned mammals was highly inefficient – in 1996 Dolly was the only lamb that survived to adulthood from 277 attempts. By 2014 Chinese scientists were reported to have 70–80% success rates cloning pigs and in 2016, a Korean company, Sooam Biotech, was producing 500 cloned embryos a"
"Ruppy Ruppy (short for Ruby Puppy) is the world's first transgenic dog. A cloned beagle, Ruppy and four other beagles produce a fluorescent protein that glows red upon excitation with ultraviolet light. Ruppy was created in 2009 by a group of scientists in South Korea, led by Byeong-Chun Lee. The dog was cloned using viral transfection of fibroblasts cells with an expresses the red fluorescent gene. The nucleus of the transfected fibroblast was then inserted into the enucleated oocyte of another dog, leading to generation of dog oocytes expressing the red fluorescent protein. These cloned embryos were then implanted into"
"not cloned, embryos. The allegation involves the lines Hwang claims to have created at Seoul-based MizMedi Hospital. In November 22, 2016 Hwang received a certificate of patent on NT-1 technology by the Korean Intellectual Property Office. In the late 1990s, the method that scientists used in cloning was somatic cell nuclear transfer, which is the same procedure that was used to create Dolly the sheep. This laboratory technique begins when an egg is taken from a donor and the nucleus is removed from the egg, creating an enucleated egg. A cell, which contains DNA, is then taken from the animal"
"world's rarest and most endangered species. In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo. These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species. Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last ""bucardo"" (Pyrenean ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000. Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda"
"died two weeks after birth. This process of cloning Snuppy took nearly three years of intensive effort. Snuppy was named as Time Magazine's """"Most Amazing Invention"""" of the year in 2005. Particular recognition was given to the cloning technique used in the process, which Time stated was ""embodied by a history-making puppy"". Despite numerous labs performing mammalian cloning, they cited that Hwang's team and Snuppy were ""extraordinary"". The experiment was criticised by Robert Klitzman, director of Columbia University's Masters in Bioethics program, who cited that the process raised the question of if humans are ""just a mass of cells and"
"development in mammals,"" Kono said. Kaguya the mouse later gave birth to conventionally fathered offspring. Kaguya (mouse) Kaguya was a mouse that had two parents of the same sex (circa April, 2004). She was named after a Japanese folk tale, in which the moon-born princess Kaguya (Kaguya-hime) is found as a baby inside a bamboo stalk. A process called haploidisation is used to remove one of the two sets of chromosomes from some cells leaving them with only one, just like normal gametes. The researchers led by Tomohiro Kono at the Tokyo University of Agriculture used cells from two different"
"Blood: The Last Vampire (2009 film) Blood: The Last Vampire, released in Japan as , is a 2009 English-language horror-action film; it is the remake of the 2000 anime film """". Directed by Chris Nahon and co-produced by French company Pathé and Hong Kong company Edko with the blessing of Production I.G, the English-language film was released in Japan and other Asian markets on 29 May 2009. It was released in the United Kingdom on 26 June 2009 and saw a limited release to theatres in the United States starting on 10 July 2009. The film focuses on a half-human,"
"first to clone an endangered species (a Gaur), and in 2003, he cloned an endangered wild ox (a Banteng) from the frozen skin cells of an animal that had died at the San Diego Zoo nearly a quarter-of-a-century earlier. Lanza and his colleagues were the first to demonstrate that nuclear transplantation could be used to reverse the aging process and to generate immune-compatible tissues, including the first organ grown in the laboratory from cloned cells. Lanza showed that it is feasible to generate functional oxygen-carrying red blood cells from human embryonic stem cells under conditions suitable for clinical scale-up. The"
"from a tissue or DNA sample; the replication may be instantaneous, or take place through slow growth of human embryos in artificial wombs. In the long-running British television series ""Doctor Who"", the Fourth Doctor and his companion Leela were cloned in a matter of seconds from DNA samples (""The Invisible Enemy"", 1977) and then—in an apparent homage to the 1966 film ""Fantastic Voyage""—shrunk to microscopic size in order to enter the Doctor's body to combat an alien virus. The clones in this story are short-lived, and can only survive a matter of minutes before they expire. Films such as ""The"
"using molecular paleontology techniques. This was first accomplished via cloning in 2003 with the Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat that became extinct in 2000. Nuclei from the Pyrenean ibex's cells were injected into goat eggs emptied of their own DNA, and implanted into surrogate goat mothers. The offspring lived only seven minutes after birth, due to defects in its lungs. Other cloned animals have been observed to have similar lung defects. There are many species that have gone extinct as a direct result of human activity. Some examples include the dodo, the great auk, the Tasmanian tiger, the"
"Polly and Molly Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there was no genetic modification carried out on the adult donor nucleus. Polly and Molly, like Dolly the Sheep, were cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. The creation of Polly and Molly built on the somatic nuclear transfer experiments that led to"
"shows significant improvement using cryoconservation. The best current cloning techniques have an average success rate of 9.4 percent, when working with familiar species such as mice, while cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful. In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo. These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species. Anticipating this possibility,"
"year, the team produced another rhesus macaque, named Andi, who was the first genetically modified monkey. The egg that was used had been modified to include the jellyfish gene to make cells glow under a special microscope. Tetra (monkey) Tetra (born October 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called ""embryo splitting"". She is the first ""cloned"" primate by artificial twinning, and was created by a team led by Professor Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center. Nonetheless, in January 2018, scientists in China reported in the journal ""Cell"" the creation of two"
"Blood Alone Blood Alone is a vampire manga with crime fiction undertones, written by , author of ""Boogiepop Dual"". It was originally published as a ""dōjinshi"". The manga ended abruptly in Spring 2014, however the story was concluded in a dōjinshi. Kuroe Kurose is a former vampire hunter, turned private detective and author. He lives in a modern-day city with Misaki Minato, an adolescent girl who has recently been turned into a vampire. Kuroe's investigations often lead him to battle vampires and other undead creatures, sometimes with the support of Higure, a leading figure in the vampire world. Misaki meanwhile"
"one of millions raised in an artificial ""wombtank,"" destined to serve from birth. She is one of thousands created for manual and emotional labor; Sonmi herself works as a server in a restaurant. She later discovers that the sole source of food for clones, called 'Soap', is manufactured from the clones themselves. Cloning Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning). Beyond"
"by transplanting and culturing a pathogen into the brain of a subject, but becoming the subject would result in death. Jack studied viruses as an assistant of Norma, but when he found out that he inherited a suitability as a DOTES vaccine subject, he applied for it. At that time he lost his memory and was called by the name of the dog ""Jack"" who succumbed to DOTES, by his lover, Alice Crane. Neko Kawaigari! , alternatively known as ""Dote Up A Cat"", is a Japanese adult visual novel video game developed by 13cm, released in Japan on February 24,"
"and University of New South Wales announced in March 2013 that the very recently extinct gastric-brooding frog would be the subject of a cloning attempt to resurrect the species. Many such ""De-extinction"" projects are described in the Long Now Foundation's Revive and Restore Project. After an eight-year project involving the use of a pioneering cloning technique, Japanese researchers created 25 generations of healthy cloned mice with normal lifespans, demonstrating that clones are not intrinsically shorter-lived than naturally born animals. Other sources have noted that the offspring of clones tend to be healthier than the original clones and indistinguishable from animals"
"company Shiseido, giving Shiseido an exclusive license to use its RCH-01 technology in Japan, China, South Korea, Taiwan and the ASEAN countries. Shiseido is currently trialing RepliCel’s RCH-01 in Japan for market approval by the end of 2018 RepliCel is planning RCH-01 phase II trials estimated to take place in 2018-2019 In 2016, scientists in Japan announced they had successfully grown human skin in a lab. The skin was created using induced pluripotent stem cells, and when implanted in a mouse, the skin grew hairs successfully. Hair cloning Hair multiplication or hair cloning is a proposed technique to counter hair"
"the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep in 1996 using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, 23 mammalian species have been successfully cloned, including cattle, cats, dogs, horses and rats. Using this technique for primates had never been successful and no pregnancy had lasted more than 80 days. The main difficulty was likely the proper programming of the transferred nuclei to support the growth of the embryo. Tetra (born October 1999), a female rhesus macaque, was created by a team led by Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center using a different technique, called ""embryo splitting"". She"
"other human/animal hybrids, fleshing out the continuity of the main series, though Hip will feature as well. In 2001, the character's similarities with an Australian comic book character called Hairbutt (a bumbling anthropomorphic hippopotamus private detective) led Hairbutt co-creator Bodine Amerikah and Darren Close of OzComics to accuse Hip Flask creator Richard Starkings of plagiarism. Starkings replied that he created Hip Flash without any knowledge of Hairbutt, and that their similarities were a bizarre coincidence. Some two hundred years from now, the MAPPO Corporation, headed by the misanthropic and megalomaniacal Japanese scientist, Dr. Kazushi Nikken, breeds human/animal hybrids in a"
"and cloning has received increasing attention, with the first successful cloning of a dog, Snuppy (in 2005), and the cloning of two females of an endangered species of wolves by the Seoul National University in 2007. The rapid growth of the industry has resulted in significant voids in regulation of ethics, as was highlighted by the scientific misconduct case involving Hwang Woo-Suk. South Korea shares its traditional culture with North Korea, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by"