"The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century The Next 100 Years is a 2009 book by George Friedman. In the book, Friedman attempts to predict the major geopolitical events and trends of the 21st century. Friedman also speculates in the book on changes in technology and culture that may take place during this period. Friedman predicts that the United States will remain the dominant global superpower throughout the 21st century, and that the history of the 21st century will consist mainly of attempts by other world powers to challenge American dominance. Although mainly about the geopolitics and"
"Century A century (from the Latin ""centum"", meaning ""one hundred""; abbreviated c.) is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. A centenary is a hundredth anniversary, or a celebration of this, typically the remembrance of an event which took place a hundred years earlier. Although a century can mean any arbitrary period of 100 years, there are two viewpoints on the nature of standard centuries. One is based on strict construction, while the other is based on popular perspective (general usage). According to the strict construction of the Gregorian calendar, the 1st"
"Icelandic and Finnish. The Swedish ""nittonhundratalet"" (or ""1900-talet""), Danish ""nittenhundredetallet"" (or ""1900-tallet""), Norwegian ""nittenhundretallet"" (or "" 1900-tallet"") and Finnish ""tuhatyhdeksänsataaluku"" (or ""1900-luku"") refer unambiguously to the years 1900–1999. While the century has been commonly used in the West, other cultures and calendars have utilized differently sized groups of years in a similar manner. The Hindu calendar, in particular, summarizes its years into groups of 60, while the Aztec calendar considers groups of 52. Century A century (from the Latin ""centum"", meaning ""one hundred""; abbreviated c.) is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other"
"century AD began with 1 AD and ended with 100 AD, with the same pattern continuing onward. In this model, the ""n""-th century started/will start on the year ""(100 × n) − 99"" and ends in ""100 × n"". Because of this, a century will only include one year, the centennial year, that starts with the century's number (e.g. 1900 was the last year of the 19th century). In general usage, centuries are aligned with decades by grouping years based on their shared digits. In this model, the 'n' -th century started/will start on the year ""(100 x n) -"
"1st century The 1st century was the century that lasted from AD 1 to AD 100 according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the"
"Decade A decade is a period of 10 years. The word is derived (via French and Latin) from the ), which means ""a group of ten"". Other words for spans of years also come from Latin: biennium (2 years), triennium (3 years), quadrennium (4 years), lustrum (5 years), century (100 years), millennium (1000 years). Although any period of ten years is a decade, a convenient and frequently referenced interval is based on the tens digit of a calendar year, as in using ""1960s"" to represent the decade from 1960 to 1969. Often, for brevity, only the tens part is mentioned"
"century BC. 1st century BC The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero; however, astronomical year numbering does use a zero, as well as a minus sign, so """"2 BC"""" is equal to """"year –1"""". This is the 100th century in the Holocene calendar; it spans the years 9,901 to 10,000. 1st century AD (Anno Domini) follows. In the course of the century all the remaining independent lands surrounding the Mediterranean"
"1st century BC The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero; however, astronomical year numbering does use a zero, as well as a minus sign, so """"2 BC"""" is equal to """"year –1"""". This is the 100th century in the Holocene calendar; it spans the years 9,901 to 10,000. 1st century AD (Anno Domini) follows. In the course of the century all the remaining independent lands surrounding the Mediterranean were steadily"
"span across century years divisible by 400, e.g. 1600, 2000, and 2400. In the now-obsolete Julian calendar, the fourteen types of year (seven common, seven leap) repeat in a 28-year cycle (1461 weeks). A leap year has two adjoining dominical letters (one for January and February and the other for March to December in the Church of England as 29 February has no letter). Each of the seven two-letter sequences occurs once within a cycle, and every common letter thrice. As the Julian calendar repeats after 28 years that means it will also repeat after 700 years, i.e. 25 cycles."
"celebrations over different transitional periods. Further of his essays on this topic are collected in ""Questioning the Millennium: A Rationalist's Guide to a Precisely Arbitrary Countdown"". Millennium A millennium (plural millennia or millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears. It derives from the Latin ', thousand, and ', year. It is often, but not always, related to a particular dating system. Sometimes, it is used specifically for periods of a thousand years that begin at the starting point (initial reference point) of the calendar in consideration (typically the year ""1""), or in later years that are"
"Century leap year In the Gregorian calendar, a year ending in ""00"" that is divisible by 400 is a century leap year, with the intercalation of February 29 yielding 366 days instead of 365. Century years (divisible by 100) that are ""not"" divisible by 400 are not leap years but common years of 365 days. For example, the years 1600, 2000, and 2400 are century leap years since those numbers are divisible by 400, while 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2200, and 2300 are common years despite being divisible by 4. Leap years divisible by 400 always start on a Saturday;"
"Centuria Centuria (Latin plural ""centuriae"") is a Latin term (from the stem ""centum"" meaning one hundred) denoting military units consisting of (originally) 100 men. The size of the century changed over time and from the first century B.C.E. throughout most of the empire the standard size of a century was 80 men. A ""centuria"" is also a Roman unit of land area corresponding to 100 ""heredia"". In the political context the ""centuria"" was the constituent voting unit in the assembly of the centuries (Latin ""comitia centuriata""), an old form of popular assembly in the Roman Republic, the members of which"
"The galactic year provides a conveniently usable unit for depicting cosmic and geological time periods together. By contrast, a ""billion-year"" scale does not allow for useful discrimination between geologic events, and a ""million-year"" scale requires some rather large numbers. The following list assumes that 1 galactic year is 225 million years. Galactic year The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Estimates of the length of one orbit range from 225 to 250 million terrestrial years. The Solar System"
"Millennium A millennium (plural millennia or millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears. It derives from the Latin ', thousand, and ', year. It is often, but not always, related to a particular dating system. Sometimes, it is used specifically for periods of a thousand years that begin at the starting point (initial reference point) of the calendar in consideration (typically the year ""1""), or in later years that are whole number multiples of a thousand years after it. The term can also refer to an interval of time beginning on any date. Frequently in the"
"in October/November 1936. Centuria Centuria (Latin plural ""centuriae"") is a Latin term (from the stem ""centum"" meaning one hundred) denoting military units consisting of (originally) 100 men. The size of the century changed over time and from the first century B.C.E. throughout most of the empire the standard size of a century was 80 men. A ""centuria"" is also a Roman unit of land area corresponding to 100 ""heredia"". In the political context the ""centuria"" was the constituent voting unit in the assembly of the centuries (Latin ""comitia centuriata""), an old form of popular assembly in the Roman Republic, the"
"January 1, 2001), argued that because the Gregorian calendar has no year zero, the millennia should be counted from 1 AD. Thus the first period of one thousand complete years runs from the beginning of 1 AD to the end of 1000 AD, and the beginning of the second millennium took place at the beginning of 1001. Arthur C. Clarke gave this analogy (from a statement received by Reuters): ""If the scale on your grocer's weighing machine began at 1 instead of 0, would you be happy when he claimed he'd sold you 10 kg of tea?"" This statement illustrates"
"Century (novel) Century is a ""New York Times"" best-selling novel, written by Fred Mustard Stewart and published in 1981. The story follows four generations of an Italian-American family with settings in both America and Italy. Most of the events that take place in the novel, take place in actual American and Italian history. Readers are witnesses to the rise of Benito Mussolini, the Prohibition period, Black Tuesday, World War I, World War II, the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Holocaust, and the gradual formation of the motion picture industry in Hollywood. The novel spent six weeks on The New York"
"condita'. The new millennium that Rome entered was called the ""saeculum nouum"", a term that got a metaphysical connotation in Christianity, referring to the worldly age (hence 'secular'). A saeculum is not normally used for a fixed amount of time, in common usage it stands for about 90 years. It can be divided into four ""seasons"" of approximately 22 years each; these seasons represent youth, rising adulthood, midlife, and old age. The word has evolved within Romance languages (as well as and ) to mean ""century"": Saeculum A saeculum is a length of time roughly equal to the potential lifetime"
"year, there are about 365/10 = 36.5 days in a tenth of a year. Hence the year 2000.5 represents the day 2 July 2000. More exactly, a Julian year is exactly 365.25 days long, so a tenth of the year is 36.525 days (36 days, 12 hours, 36 minutes). These values, based on the Julian year, are most likely to be those used in astronomy and related sciences. A Gregorian year, which takes into account the 100/400 leap year rules of the Gregorian calendar, is 365.2425 days (the average length of a year over a 400-year cycle), resulting in 0.1"
"100"" and ends in ""(100 x n) - 1"". For example, the 20th century is generally regarded as from 1900 to 1999, inclusive. This is sometimes known as the odometer effect. The astronomical year numbering and ISO 8601 systems both contain a year zero, so the first century begins with the year zero, rather than the year one. Informally, years may be referred to in groups based on the hundreds part of the year. In this system, the years 1900–1999 are referred to as the ""nineteen hundreds"" (""1900s""). Aside from English usage, this system is used in Swedish, Danish, Norwegian,"
"frequently discussed and debated so far in this century include: The United Nations lists global issues on its agenda and lists a set of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to attempt to address some of these issues. 21st century The 21st (twenty-first) century is the current century of the ""Anno Domini"" era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 2100. It is the first century of the 3rd millennium. It is distinct from the century known as the 2000s which began on January 1, 2000 and will"
"""The Century"" (earlier series) The Century: America's Time The Century: America's Time is a 15-part series of documentaries produced by the American Broadcasting Company about the 20th century and the rise of the United States as a superpower. The documentary originally aired on The History Channel in 1999. Another earlier series, simply called ""The Century"" also produced by ABC, appeared on the ABC network in 1999, and also later appeared on the History Channel. It consists of six two-hour shows with each chronicling two different events based around a common theme. The narrator of both series was Peter Jennings, anchor"
"environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the ""short"" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements, the ""long"" 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later. 18th century The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31,"
"(""setenta"") years, however, Izquierdo suggests that such a value is typo of 60 (""sesenta"") years, which is a value that better matches the entire calendar's description. Besides de centuries, the chronicles describe further periods of time: the ""Astronomical Revolution"" as called by Duquesne, corresponds to 5 ""Priest's Years"" or 185 sinodical months, comprising so a quarter of a ""Priest's Century"". Simón describes also an additional time period named the ""Bxogonoa"" which corresponds to 5 ""Priest's Centuries"". Again, both Duquesne and Humboldt describe another time span, the ""Dream of Bochica"" which accounted for 100 ""Priest's Centuries"", which correspond to 2000 ""The"
"unified process. The term has gained increasing acceptance in postcolonial studies since the early 2000s. Racial century Racial century is a term that has been used by historians to refer to the century between 1850 and 1950, especially in the context of postcolonial studies. The term employs race and racism as the primary category of analysis of global, national, and local affairs. The term was originally proposed by Dirk Moses, who describes the ""racial century"" as ""a single modernization process of accelerating violence related to nation-building that commenced in the European colonial periphery and culminated in the Holocaust."" Moses argues"
"between America's late entry into World War I in 1917 and the inauguration of its 45th President in 2017. Other scholars, such as George Friedman, stipulate that the 21st century will be the U.S. century: ""The twenty-first century will be the American century."" American Century The American Century is a characterization of the period since the middle of the 20th century as being largely dominated by the United States in political, economic, and cultural terms. It is comparable to the description of the period 1815–1914 as Britain's Imperial Century. The United States' influence grew throughout the 20th century, but became"
"Racial century Racial century is a term that has been used by historians to refer to the century between 1850 and 1950, especially in the context of postcolonial studies. The term employs race and racism as the primary category of analysis of global, national, and local affairs. The term was originally proposed by Dirk Moses, who describes the ""racial century"" as ""a single modernization process of accelerating violence related to nation-building that commenced in the European colonial periphery and culminated in the Holocaust."" Moses argues that colonial genocides and mass exterminations of the 20th century should be seen as a"
"about 25,700 years. The Galactic year is the time it takes Earth's solar system to revolve once around the galactic center. It comprises roughly 230 million Earth years. A seasonal year is the time between successive recurrences of a seasonal event such as the flooding of a river, the migration of a species of bird, the flowering of a species of plant, the first frost, or the first scheduled game of a certain sport. All of these events can have wide variations of more than a month from year to year. In the International System of Quantities the symbol for"
"research and practice of science led to advancement in the fields of communication, engineering, travel, medicine, and war. 20th century The 20th (twentieth) century was a century that began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000. It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium. It is distinct from the century known as the 1900s which began on January 1, 1900 and ended on December 31, 1999. The 20th century was dominated by a chain of events that heralded significant changes in world history as to redefine the era: flu pandemic, World War I and"
"20th century The 20th (twentieth) century was a century that began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000. It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium. It is distinct from the century known as the 1900s which began on January 1, 1900 and ended on December 31, 1999. The 20th century was dominated by a chain of events that heralded significant changes in world history as to redefine the era: flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear power and space exploration, nationalism and decolonization, the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts;"
"The 28-year sub-cycle does only span across century years divisible by 400, e.g. 1600, 2000, and 2400. In the now-obsolete Julian calendar, the fourteen types of year (seven common, seven leap) repeat in a 28-year cycle (1461 weeks). A leap year has two adjoining dominical letters (one for January and February and the other for March to December, as 29 February has no letter). This sequence occurs exactly once within a cycle, and every common letter thrice. As the Julian calendar repeats after 28 years that means it will also repeat after 700 years, i.e. 25 cycles. The year's position"
"events that took place between c. 1964 and 1972, and to memories of the counterculture, flower power, protests of 1968 and other things happening at the time. Often, such a nominal decade will come to be known by a title, such as the ""Swinging Sixties"" (1960s), the ""Warring Forties"" (1940s) and the ""Roaring Twenties"" (1920s). This practice is occasionally also used for decades of earlier centuries, for example references to the 1890s as the ""Gay Nineties"" or ""Naughty Nineties"". Decade A decade is a period of 10 years. The word is derived (via French and Latin) from the ), which"
"century"". The main issues arise from the ""content"" of the various year ranges. Similar issues affect the ""contents"" of centuries. Decades are not subject to ambiguity, as they are named according to their leading numbers: for example, the decade called ""the 1990s"" by its naming does not include 2000. For those following ordinal year names: For those who are influenced by the leading digit: There are two viewpoints about how millennia should be thought of in practice. One viewpoint relies on the formal operation of the calendar, while the other appeals to popular culture. Stephen Jay Gould argued that the"