"Animal fancy Animal fancy is a hobby involving the appreciation, promotion, or breeding of pet or domestic animals. Fancy may include ownership, showing, animal sports and other competitions, and breeding. Hobbyists may simply collect specimens of the animal in appropriate enclosures (vivaria), such as an aquarium, terrarium, or aviary. Some fanciers keep hobby farms, or menageries (private zoos). There are many animal fancy clubs and associations in the world catering to everything from pigeons to Irish Wolfhounds. Fanciers and fancierdom may collectively be referred to as ""the fancy"" for that kind of animal, e.g. the cat fancy. Animal-fancy hobbies include"
"Moth (""Melanchra persicariae"") and Mouse Moth (""Amphipyra tragopoginis""). The Engrailed (""Ectropis crepuscularia""), a geometer moth, also uses columbine as a larval foodplant. The larvae of the Papaipema leucostigma feed on columbine. Plants in the genus ""Aquilegia"" are a major food source for ""Bombus hortorum"", a species of bumblebee. Specifically, they have been found to forage on species of ""Aquilegia vulgaris"" in Belgium and ""Aquilegia chrysantha"" in North America and Belgium. The bees do not show any preference in color of the flowers. Columbine is a hardy perennial, which propagates by seed. It will grow to a height of 15 to"
"""Collembola"" is from the ancient Greek ""glue"" and ""peg""; this name was given due to the existence of the collophore, which was previously thought to stick to surfaces in order to stabilize the creature. Members of Collembola are normally less than long, have six or fewer abdominal segments and possess a tubular appendage (the collophore or ventral tube) with eversible sticky vesicles, projecting ventrally from the first abdominal segment. The Poduromorpha and Entomobryomorpha have an elongated body, while the Symphypleona and Neelipleona have a globular body. Collembola lack a tracheal respiration system, which forces them to respire through a porous"
"Black-and-white colobus Black-and-white colobuses (or colobi) are Old World monkeys of the genus Colobus, native to Africa. They are closely related to the brown colobus monkeys of genus ""Piliocolobus"". The word ""colobus"" comes from Greek κολοβός ""kolobós"" (""docked""), and is so named because in this genus, the thumb is a stump. Colobuses are herbivorous, eating leaves, fruit, flowers, and twigs. Their habitats include primary and secondary forests, riverine forests, and wooded grasslands; they are found more in higher-density logged forests than in other primary forests. Their ruminant-like digestive systems have enabled these leaf-eaters to occupy niches that are inaccessible to"
"Colloblast Colloblasts are a cell type found in ctenophores. They are widespread in the tentacles of these animals and are used to capture prey. Colloblasts consist of a coiled spiral filament that is embedded in the epidermis and an axial filament with a granular dome. The apical surface of these cells consist of eosinophilic granules that are thought to be the source of adhesion. On contact, these granules rupture, and release an adhesive substance onto the prey. The spiral filament absorbs the impact of the rupture, preventing the ensnared prey from escaping. Colloblasts are found in all ctenophores except those"
"of the columella is called the columellar wall. The columellar callus is a smooth, calcareous thickening, secreted by the mantle, extending over the columellar area. The columellar lip, the visible part of the columella, is the lower part of the inner lip and is situated near the axis of coiling. A columellar tooth is a raised projection on the inner lip of a columella in the direction of the aperture. The soft parts of the body of the gastropod are held in place in the shell by the columellar muscles. These muscles are attached strongly to the columella itself not"
"capuchin, guira cuckoo, and false coral snake. This species is omnivorous, eating invertebrates and plant material. It favors ants, and on plants it prefers the fruits and flowers. It commonly eats the fruit of ""Chomelia obtusa"", higuerón, and smilaxes. It especially favors the fruit of little coca during the summer. The male of the species is territorial. The male performs signalling behaviors such as head-bobbing and tail-whipping and exhibits aggressive behaviors such as chasing and fighting with other males. Larger, faster males tend to dominate higher-quality territories, such as those with many hiding places and abundant sunlight. Females prefer higher-quality"
"flowers contain five sepals, five petals and five pistils. The fruit is a follicle which holds many seeds and is formed at the end of the pistils. Underneath the flower are spurs which contain nectar, mainly consumed by long-beaked birds such as hummingbirds. Columbines are closely related to plants in the genera ""Actaea"" (baneberries) and ""Aconitum"" (wolfsbanes/monkshoods), which like ""Aquilegia"" produce cardiogenic toxins. They are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) caterpillars. These are mainly of noctuid moths – noted for feeding on many poisonous plants without harm – such as Cabbage Moth (""Mamestra brassicae""), Dot"
"prefer the highest branches. Ungulates like bovine and deer will eat food dropped by foraging langurs. Langurs are preyed upon by leopards, dholes and tigers. Wolves, jackals and pythons may also prey on langurs. Gray langurs are primarily herbivores. However, unlike some other colobines they do not depend on leaves and leaf buds of herbs, but will also eat coniferous needles and cones, fruits and fruit buds, evergreen petioles, shoots and roots, seeds, grass, bamboo, fern rhizomes, mosses, and lichens. Leaves of trees and shrubs rank at the top of preferred food, followed by herbs and grasses. Non-plant material consumed"
"has become scarce in recent years, it is often confused with the ""regular"" kuhli (or ""coolie"") loach, ""Pangio kuhlii"". The giant kuhli loach is an omnivore, but apparently needs a lot of protein, since it especially loves to eat live bloodworms and other live worms. It is also fond of shrimp pellets and algae wafers. However, it will eat flake food or anything else it finds that has drifted to the bottom of the tank. This colorful and peaceful bottom-dweller does not attack other fish, but it is best not to house it with ""Corydoras"" catfish. The giant kuhlis tend"
"central axis, then the columella more or less coincides spatially with the central axis of the shell. In the case of shells that have an umbilicus, the columella is a hollow structure. The columella of some groups of gastropod shells can have a number of plications or folds (the columellar fold, plaits or plicae), which are usually visible when looking to the inner lip into the aperture of the shell. These folds can be wide or narrow, prominent or subtle. These features of the columella are often useful in identifying the family, genus, or species of the gastropod. The surface"
"Columbicola extinctus Columbicola extinctus, also known as the passenger pigeon chewing louse, is an extant species of phtilopterid louse that was once believed to have been extinct with its only known host, the passenger pigeon, prior to its rediscovery living on band-tailed pigeons. Like other members of the genus ""Columbicola"", is a long, slender louse that shows marked sexual dimorphism in the antennae, as the male's are much longer than those of the female in the third segment. It is between long overall. The male's head is between long and broadens to form a slight shoulder at the anterior plate."
"sought by butterflies and hummingbirds. The caterpillars of Columbine Duskywing (""Erynnis lucilius"") feed on the leaves. The plant is easily propagated from seed and blooms the second year. It is relatively long lived in the garden. It grows well in shade, and in sun with proper moisture. The plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The cultivar 'Little Lanterns' is half the height of the species. Native American tribes used various parts of red columbine in herbal remedies for ailments such as headache, sore throat, fever, rash caused by poison ivy, stomatitis, kidney and urinary problems,"
"oblique columella is solute above, the edge rugose-denticulate, terminating below in a prominent tooth. The outer lip is rugose and dentate within. The whorls are pretty convex, especially above. The body whorl is rounded, deflected anteriorly and flattened. The penultimate whorl has six series of granules, which are the same width as their densely striate interstices. The body whorl however has eight, two new ones having been intercalated on the lower part, the eighth prominent, forming the periphery. The base of the shell is rather convex, and has nine close granulose lirae. The granules on the border of the umbilicus"
"a favorite prey item for the gravely endangered Philippine eagle: some studies suggest colugos account for 90% of the eagle's diet. The Mixodectidae and Plagiomenidae appear to be fossil Dermoptera. Although other Paleogene mammals have been interpreted as related to dermopterans, the evidence for this association is uncertain and many of the fossils are no longer interpreted as being gliding mammals. At present, the fossil record of definitive dermopterans is limited to two species of the Eocene and Oligocene cynocephalid genus ""Dermotherium"". Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that colugos emerged as a basal Primatomorpha clade which is a basal"
"that attract the plant's pollinators, the sphinx moths. Hummingbirds are also attracted to it in gardens. The flowers are edible, with a sweet taste—though the seeds can be fatal if eaten, and most parts of the plant contain cyanogenic glycosides. Within its range, the crimson columbine can be found in most kinds of habitat (chaparral, oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or coniferous forest). It is not found on desert floors, nor at altitudes above 3300 metres, and it is absent from the Central Valley of California. It prefers moist locations such as stream banks. Some Plateau Indian tribes used the ""Aquilegia formosa"""
"red colobus prefers coastal thickets and scrub. Red colobuses are highly sensitive to hunting and habitat destruction, and have been referred to as probably the most threatened taxonomic group of primates in Africa. If following the taxonomic treatment advocated in ""Mammal Species of the World"", all species except the Central African red colobus are assessed by the IUCN as endangered or critically endangered. Groups often establish a dominance hierarchy determined by aggressive behavior. Food, grooming, and sexual partners are distributed amongst higher-ranking individuals initially, followed by lower-ranking individuals. They live in large troops which can number up to 80 individuals,"
"there generally seems to be no preference for one specific type of crucifer, like kale over cabbage or broccoli over brussels sprouts. The only apparent preference is for red cabbage – nearby double the number of caterpillars were present on the red cabbage compared to the green. This suggests that the number of caterpillars on a host plant has less to do with the species of host and to do with the host’s height and foliage. Cabbage loopers detect plant odors to locate food resources and suitable host plants for laying eggs, thereby increasing their chances for survival and reproduction."
"the rear part of the roof of the mouth. The epipterygoids (bones at the rim of the roof of the mouth) are large and tall, and would have been the lower attachment point for the ""m. pseudotemporalis superficialis"". The only preserved portion of the mandible (lower jaw) was a large and pointed coronoid process near the rear part of the skull. It would have been the lower attachment point for the ""m. adductor mandibulae profundus"". In order to determine which reptile group ""Colobops"" truly belonged to, its describers (Pritchard ""et al"".) included it within a phylogenetic analysis. Their analysis was"
"to each other by their inner sides, during the natural course of its formation. This results in a more or less solid central axial pillar, known as the columella. The more intimate the contact between the concave side of the whorls is, the more solid the columella becomes. On the other hand, if this connection is less intense, a hollow space inside the whorls may result, with an opening to the outside at the shell's base. This opening is known as the umbilicus. Another way of characterizing the umbilicus in gastropods is as the hole around which the inner surface"
"and then switching to male on the second and subsequent days. Flowers emerge and are designed to be pollinated above the waterline. Principal pollinators are flies and other small flying insects. Cabomba Cabomba is an aquatic plant genus, one of two belonging to the family Cabombaceae. It has divided submerged leaves in the shape of a fan (hence the vernacular name fanwort) and is much favoured by aquarists as an ornamental and oxygenating plant for fish tanks. Use in the aquarium trade has led to some species being introduced to other parts of the world, such as Australia, where they"
"Columella (gastropod) The columella (meaning ""little column"") or (in older texts) pillar is a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell, a gastropod shell. The columella is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, sliced in half vertically, or viewed as an X-ray image. The columella runs from the apex of the shell to the midpoint of the undersurface of the shell, or the tip of the siphonal canal in those shells which have a siphonal canal. If a snail shell is visualized as a cone of shelly material which is wrapped around a"
"Columella (gastropod) The columella (meaning ""little column"") or (in older texts) pillar is a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell, a gastropod shell. The columella is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, sliced in half vertically, or viewed as an X-ray image. The columella runs from the apex of the shell to the midpoint of the undersurface of the shell, or the tip of the siphonal canal in those shells which have a siphonal canal. If a snail shell is visualized as a cone of shelly material which is wrapped around a"
"Cabomba Cabomba is an aquatic plant genus, one of two belonging to the family Cabombaceae. It has divided submerged leaves in the shape of a fan (hence the vernacular name fanwort) and is much favoured by aquarists as an ornamental and oxygenating plant for fish tanks. Use in the aquarium trade has led to some species being introduced to other parts of the world, such as Australia, where they have become weeds. ""Cabomba"" is frequently planted in aquaria, as an attractive-leaved water plant that is fast-growing (up to one inch per day). Green cabomba (""C. caroliniana"") is the most common,"
"range of different conceptacles, classified according to the nature of the spores that they contain; some species may possess as many as four distinct types. For example, ""Lithophyllum incrustans"" bears asexual, male, female and cystocarpic (strictly, a type of female) conceptacles, discussed below. These develop where weakly calcified cells break down to produce a cavity. In ""L. incrustans"", Their columella is central and obvious (see above); it is accentuated by the spores (which may be bispores, tetraspores, etc.), which squeeze against the columella and conceptacle walls. Asexual conceptacles may be uniporate or multiporate. These lack a columella. ""L. incrustans"" has"
"the mesoglea; and a spiral thread that coils round the stalk and is attached to the head and to the root of the stalk. The function of the spiral thread is uncertain, but it may absorb stress when prey tries to escape, and thus prevent the collobast from being torn apart. In addition to colloblasts, members of the genus ""Haeckelia"", which feed mainly on jellyfish, incorporate their victims' stinging cnidocytes into their own tentacles — some cnidaria-eating nudibranchs similarly incorporate cnidocytes into their bodies for defense. The tentilla of ""Euplokamis"" differ significantly from those of other cydippids: they contain striated"
"McIntosh"", which itself is a columnar mutation of the Canadian McIntosh apple. The apple itself is very good for fresh eating, having a sharper style flavor like the Cox's Orange Pippin, it harvests at late season, and keeps fresh about one or two months. It is a very attractive tree, but needs good gardening skills and is susceptible to many apple diseases. Flamenco (apple) Flamenco, also known as Ballerina Obelisk, is a cultivar of domesticated apple that bears apples good for eating fresh, and is grown for its unusual ornamental properties. The tree grows in a straight up columnar style,"
"creating a visual and olfactory sensation. The body is bulbous, but the top flares out to form a lip which helps head retention. A vessel similar to a champagne flute is the preferred serving vessel for Belgian lambics and fruit beers. The narrow shape helps maintain carbonation, while providing a strong aromatic front. Flute glasses display the lively carbonation, sparkling colour, and soft lacing of this distinct style. Chalices and goblets are large, stemmed, bowl-shaped glasses mainly associated with Trappist and Abbey ales. The distinction between goblet and chalice is typically in the glass thickness. Goblets tend to be more"
"Coleoidea Subclass Coleoidea, or Dibranchiata, is the grouping of cephalopods containing all the various taxa popularly thought of as ""soft-bodied"" or ""shell-less,"" i.e., octopus, squid and cuttlefish. Unlike its extant sister group Nautiloidea, whose members have a rigid outer shell for protection, the coleoids have at most an internal cuttlebone, gladius, or shell that is used for buoyancy or support. Some species have lost their cuttlebone altogether, while in some it has been replaced by a chitinous support structure. The major divisions of Coleoidea are based upon the number of arms or tentacles and their structure. The extinct and most"
"head with vesicles (chambers) that contain adhesive; a stalk that anchors the cell in the lower layer of the epidermis or in the mesoglea; and a spiral thread that coils round the stalk and is attached to the head and to the root of the stalk. The function of the spiral thread is uncertain, but it may absorb stress when prey tries to escape, and thus prevent the collobast from being torn apart. In addition to colloblasts, members of the genus ""Haeckelia"", which feed mainly on jellyfish, incorporate their victims' stinging nematocytes into their own tentacles – some cnidaria-eating nudibranchs"
"inaccessible to preening, such as the interior of feather shafts. ""Columbicola extinctus"" is an exopterygote and is born as a miniature version of the adult that is known as nymph. The nymphs molt three times before reaching the final adult form, usually within a month of hatching. Columbicola extinctus Columbicola extinctus, also known as the passenger pigeon chewing louse, is an extant species of phtilopterid louse that was once believed to have been extinct with its only known host, the passenger pigeon, prior to its rediscovery living on band-tailed pigeons. Like other members of the genus ""Columbicola"", is a long,"
"its junction with the body, and then well rounded in its whole sweep to the point of the columellar lip, near which it is externally crenulated by the ends of the basal threads. The columella is short, straight, slightly tubercled on its inner side, hardly toothed in front, and still less angulated at its junction with the outer lip. The columellar lip is very thin, slightly excavated longitudinally, and reverted on the minute umbilicus, which it almost wholly conceals. Behind it is a very narrow furrow. The thin operculum has a concave-convex shape with no visible external spirals. The callus"
"in some species of ""Microstigmus"" (""M. xylicola"" nests have been found with pupa present). The spinulose lobe of the mandible is not like most and is a possible modification for ingestion of collembolans. Other aspects of ""Microstigmus"" biology are shared with other genera in the family Crabronidae such as antennal papillae, lack of galeae, and tridentate mandibles which indicate close relation to ""Spilomena"" and distant from ""Ammoplanus"". While these characteristics presently differentiate the genera, they may change in future as more specimens are being collected for study. A typical worker female exhibits repetition of select behaviors, mainly with a purpose"