"latter of which serves as a center for quarrying. El Buur is also the place of origin of the local pipe-making industry. Imitations are made in plaster of Paris and other preparations. The soft, white, earthy mineral from Långbanshyttan, in Värmland, Sweden, known as aphrodite (), is closely related to meerschaum. It is a synonym for the smectite clay: stevensite. Meerschaum pipe A Meerschaum pipe is a smoking pipe made from the mineral sepiolite. Meerschaum ( or , German for ""sea foam"") is sometimes found floating on the Black Sea and is rather suggestive of sea foam (hence the German"
"Sepiolite Sepiolite, also known as meerschaum ( , ; ; meaning ""foam of the sea"") is a soft white clay mineral, often used to make tobacco pipes (known as meerschaum pipes). A complex magnesium silicate, a typical chemical formula for which is MgSiO(OH)·6HO, it can be present in fibrous, fine-particulate, and solid forms. Originally named ""meerschaum"" by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1788, it was named ""sepiolite"" by Ernst Friedrich Glocker in 1847 for an occurrence in Bettolino, Baldissero Canavese, Torino Province, Piedmont, Italy. The name comes from Greek ""sepion"" (σήπιον), meaning ""cuttlebone"" (the porous internal shell of the cuttlefish), +"
"its chief use is for smoking pipes and cigarette holders. The first recorded use of meerschaum for making pipes was around 1723 and quickly became prized as the perfect material for providing a cool, dry, flavorful smoke. The porous nature of meerschaum draws moisture and tobacco tar into the stone. Meerschaum became a premium substitute for the clay pipes of the day and remains prized to this day, though since the mid-1800s briar pipes have become the most common pipes for smoking. When smoked, meerschaum pipes gradually change color, and old meerschaums will turn incremental shades of yellow, orange, red,"
"Eskişehir Meerschaum Museum Eskişehir Meerschaum Museum () is a handicraft museum in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey, exhibiting various items handmade of sepiolite (Meerschaum). Sepiolite or Meerschaum is a soft white clay mineral, which is mainly used to handicraft tobacco pipes called Meerschaum pipes. The opaque and off-white, grey or cream colored mineral is soft when extracted. However, it hardens on exposure to solar heat or when dried in a warm place. This feature allows it to give a permanent shape after carving it at soft state. Meerschaum deposits are found in Eskişehir region, generally at first rank in the"
"that absorbs elements of the tobacco during the smoking process, and gradually changes color to a golden brown. Old, well-smoked meerschaum pipes are valued by collectors for their distinctive coloring. Meerschaum pipes can either be carved from a block of meerschaum, or made from meerschaum dust collected after carving and mixed with a binder then pressed into a pipe shape. The latter are far less absorbent, color in blotches, and lack the smoking quality of the block carved pipe. Ceramic pipes, made of moulded and then fired clay, were used almost universally by Europeans between the introduction of tobacco in"
"""lithos"" (λίθος), meaning ""stone"", after a perceived resemblance of this mineral to cuttlebone. Because of its low specific gravity and its high porosity, it may float upon water, hence its German name. It is sometimes found floating on the Black Sea and rather suggestive of sea-foam, hence the German origin of the name as well as the French name for the same substance, ""écume de mer"". In addition to its use in pipes, sepiolite is used in oil drilling and for cat litter. In construction, sepiolite can be used in lime mortars as water reservoir.<ref name=""DOI: 10.1180/claymin.2011.046.4.621"">ANDREJKOVIČOVÁ et al., (2011)"
"and European pipe producers turned to others sources for their pipes. In the African Great Lakes region, large deposits of meerschaum were found in Tanganyika. The main deposit comes from the Amboseli basin surrounding the Lake Amboseli. Tanganyika Meerschaum is normally stained in shades of brown, black and yellow, and is considered to be somewhat inferior to Meerschaum from Turkey. The raw material was primarily mined by the Tanganyika Meerschaum Corporation and uncounted pipemakers throughout the world were supplied with Amboseli Meerschaum. Meerschaum has occasionally been used as a substitute for soapstone, fuller's earth, and as a building material; but"
"iconic by William Gillette's stage portrayal of Sherlock Holmes. The calabash is a gourd similar to a squash, grown specifically for use in pipes. The shape is determined as the gourd grows by placing small blocks under the stem, forcing it into a gentle curve. The mature gourd is cut and dried, then fitted with a cork gasket to receive a meerschaum bowl. The finished pipe offers one of the coolest, driest smokes available. In Somalia and Djibouti, meerschaum is used to make the dabqaad, a traditional incense burner. The mineral is mined in the district of El Buur, the"
"Missouri Meerschaum The Missouri Meerschaum Company is a tobacco smoking pipe manufacturer located in Washington, Missouri. It is the world's oldest and largest manufacturer of corncob pipes. The company was founded in 1869 when Dutch-American woodworker Henry Tibbe began producing corncob pipes and selling them in his shop. Tibbes likened the pipes to meerschaum pipes and thus named them ""Missouri Meerschaum."" In 1878 Tibbe patented his method of fireproofing the pipes by applying a plaster-like substance to the outside of the cob. In 1883 Tibbe and his son Anton applied for a U.S. Patent to trademark their Missouri Meerschaum pipe."
"In 1907 H. Tibbe & Son Co. became the Missouri Meerschaum Company. The Missouri Meerschaum Company's factory currently produces 3,500 pipes per day and ships these pipes to every U.S. state and several foreign countries. Missouri Meerschaum The Missouri Meerschaum Company is a tobacco smoking pipe manufacturer located in Washington, Missouri. It is the world's oldest and largest manufacturer of corncob pipes. The company was founded in 1869 when Dutch-American woodworker Henry Tibbe began producing corncob pipes and selling them in his shop. Tibbes likened the pipes to meerschaum pipes and thus named them ""Missouri Meerschaum."" In 1878 Tibbe patented"
"world, in depths up to . The exhibited items of the museum were collected by Eskişehir Governorship during the International Meerschaum Festival, Meerschaum handicraft competitions and exhibits held in Eskişehir since 1998. Around 400 items handmade by 60 artisans were left to Odunpazarı Municipality. The museum was established by Odunpazarı Municipality inside the Kurşunlu Complex at Odunpazarı as the world's only in its kind in 2008. Eskişehir Meerschaum Museum Eskişehir Meerschaum Museum () is a handicraft museum in Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir, Turkey, exhibiting various items handmade of sepiolite (Meerschaum). Sepiolite or Meerschaum is a soft white clay mineral, which"
"it is blasted at the hard water deposits to remove them. Kieserite Kieserite is the magnesium sulfate mineral (MgSO·HO) and is named after Dietrich Georg von Kieser (Jena, Germany 1862). It has a vitreous luster and it is colorless, grayish-white or yellowish. Its hardness is 3.5 and crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system. Gunningite is the zinc member of the kieserite group of minerals. Kieserite commonly occurs in marine evaporites and rarely in volcanic environments as a sublimate. It occurs in association with halite, carnallite, polyhalite, anhydrite, boracite, sulfoborite, leonite, epsomite and celestine. In early 2005, Mars Express, a European"
"German for ""wolf's foam"", how the mineral was known to Saxon miners. The name ""tungsten"" means ""heavy stone"", a description of scheelite, another mineral in which tungsten is found. The German names for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are ""Wasserstoff"" (water substance), ""Sauerstoff"" (acid substance), and ""Stickstoff"" (smothering substance). Russian names for hydrogen, oxygen and carbon are ""vodorod"", ""kislorod"" and ""uglerod"" (generating water, acid and coal respectively). The corresponding Chinese names are ""qīngqì"" (light gas), ""yǎngqì"" (nourishing gas), and ""dànqì"" (diluting gas). A scheme for translating chemical names into Chinese was developed by John Fryer and Xu Shou in 1871. Where"
"it also comes with the need to let the meerschaum cool before cleaning the pipe and occasionally letting the briar rest after a few days of smoking, so it comes with some of the drawbacks of both. The thinness of the lining can affect how long the pipe lasts and some smokers do not clean out the pipe causing the meerschaum to crack. When smoked, meerschaum pipes gradually change color, and old meerschaum pipes will turn incremental shades of yellow, orange, red, and amber from the base on up. When prepared for use as a pipe, the natural nodules are"
"Plumbat is derived from the Latin ""plumbum"", meaning lead, and is a reference to the labeling of the drums used to transport the yellowcake. Mossad agents arranged to set up a fictitious company called Biscayne Trader's Shipping Corporation in Liberia to purchase an ocean freighter; this became the ""Scheersberg A"" (Scheersberg is a town in northern Germany, near the border with Denmark). With the assistance of a friendly official at a German petrochemical company, $3.7 million was paid to Union Minière for 200 tonnes of yellowcake uranium. The yellowcake was left over inventory from uranium mined from Shinkolobwe. This was"
"and four of them are named (yttrium, ytterbium, erbium, terbium) after the city and a fifth *(holmium) after Stockholm; scandium is named after Scandinavia, thulium after the old name Thule, and the immediately-following group 4 element (number 72) hafnium is named for the Latin name of the city of Copenhagen. Samarskite (a mineral which is the source of the name of the element samarium) and other similar minerals in particular also have these elements in association with the nearby metals tantalum, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, vanadium, and titanium, from group 4 and group 5 often in similar oxidation states. Monazite is"
"Gustav Kirchhoff discovered caesium in the mineral water from Dürkheim, Germany. Because of the bright blue lines in the emission spectrum, they derived the name from the Latin word ""caesius"", meaning sky-blue. Caesium was the first element to be discovered with a spectroscope, which had been invented by Bunsen and Kirchhoff only a year previously. To obtain a pure sample of caesium, of mineral water had to be evaporated to yield of concentrated salt solution. The alkaline earth metals were precipitated either as sulfates or oxalates, leaving the alkali metal in the solution. After conversion to the nitrates and extraction"
"Bischofite Bischofite (bischofit) is a hydrous magnesium chloride mineral with formula MgCl·6HO. It belongs to halides and is a sea salt concentrate. Bischofite is ecologically pure natural magnesium poly-mineral with a unique composition. It contains many macro- and micro-elements vital for human health, in much higher concentrations than can be found in sea or ocean salt. The main bischofit compound is magnesium chloride (up to 350 g/L), moreover, it contains about 70 other elements as impurities, including potassium, sodium, bromine, boron, calcium, silicon, molybdenum, silver, zinc, iron and copper. Bischofite is named in honor of German geologist Gustav Bischof (1792–1870)."
"for the clay pipes of the day and remains prized to this day though, since the mid-1800s, briar pipes have become the most common pipes for smoking. The use of briar wood beginning in the early 1820s greatly reduced demand for clay pipes and, to a lesser degree, meerschaum pipes. The qualities of the meerschaum were combined with those of the briar wood pipes by lining a briar pipe with a meerschaum bowl. Some smokers believe that the meerschaum-lined briar pipe gives the porosity and sweet smoking qualities of meerschaum along with the heat-absorbing qualities and durability of briar. However,"
"origin of the local pipe-making industry. Imitations are made in plaster of Paris and other preparations. The soft, white, earthy mineral from Långbanshyttan, in Värmland, Sweden, known as aphrodite (), is closely related to sepiolite. In addition to its use in pipes, sepiolite is used in oil drilling and for cat litter. In construction, sepiolite can be used in lime mortars as water reservoir. Sepiolite is also used for domestic chinchillas to clean themselves in ""sand baths"". Processes for bacterial transformation based on the Yoshida effect can utilize sepiolite as an acicular nanofiber. Sepiolite Sepiolite, also known as meerschaum ("
"Fuchsite Fuchsite, also known as chrome mica, is a chromium (Cr) rich variety of the mineral muscovite, belonging to the mica group of phyllosilicate minerals, with the following formula: K(Al,Cr)(AlSiO)(OH). Trivalent chromium replaces one of the aluminium (Al) atoms in the general muscovite formula producing the apple green hue distinctive of fuchsite. It is often found in minute micaceous aggregates (with individual plates barely visible), as a major component of chromium rich phyllitic or schistose metamorphic rocks of the greenschist facies. Verdite is an impure often multicolored variety of fuchsite used for ornamental carvings. Fuchsite is named after the German"
"Baden-Württemberg. The area within the triangle Würzburg-Wertheim-Gemünden is sometimes referred to as ""Würzburger Spessart"". The lowest strata of the Spessart are made up of gneiss and mica schist, dating back around 1,200 million years. These rock types are most visible in the ""Vorspessart"". On top of this is the Zechstein, dating to the Permian, found in a band stretching from Sailauf to Eidengesäß and as an ""island"" in the area of the stream Bieber near Biebergemünd, where it contained deposits of silver, copper, iron and cobalt. The top layer of most of the ""Hochspessart"" and southern Spessart is made up"
"Celestine (mineral) Celestine or celestite is a mineral consisting of strontium sulfate (SrSO). The mineral is named for its occasional delicate blue color. Celestine and the carbonate mineral strontianite are the principal sources of the element strontium, commonly used in fireworks and in various metal alloys. Celestine derives its name from the Latin word ""caelestis"" meaning celestial, which in turn is derived from the Latin word ""caelum"" meaning sky or heaven. Celestine occurs as crystals, and also in compact massive and fibrous forms. It is mostly found in sedimentary rocks, often associated with the minerals gypsum, anhydrite, and halite. The"
"concentrations. Magnesium carbonate is also used in taxidermy for whitening skulls. It can be mixed with hydrogen peroxide to create a paste, which is then spread on the skull to give it a white finish. As a matte white coating for projection screens. Magnesium carbonate is non-toxic. Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate, MgCO (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals. The most common magnesium carbonate forms are the anhydrous salt called ""magnesite"" (MgCO) and the di, tri, and pentahydrates known as ""barringtonite"" (MgCO·2"
"Magnesium oxide Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of and consists of a lattice of Mg ions and O ions held together by ionic bonding. Magnesium hydroxide forms in the presence of water (MgO + HO → Mg(OH)), but it can be reversed by heating it to separate moisture. Magnesium oxide was historically known as magnesia alba (literally, the white mineral from magnesia – other sources give magnesia alba as MgCO), to differentiate it from ""magnesia"
"not found as a mineral. The most common naturally occurring minerals are the very insoluble barium sulfate, BaSO (barite), and barium carbonate, BaCO(witherite). Barium's name originates from Greek ""barys"" (βαρύς), meaning ""heavy"", describing the high density of some common barium-containing ores. Barium has few industrial applications, but the metal has been historically used to scavenge air in vacuum tubes. Barium compounds impart a green color to flames and have been used in fireworks. Barium sulfate is used for its density, insolubility, and X-ray opacity. It is used as an insoluble heavy additive to oil well drilling mud, and in purer"
"aromas. Cake is considered undesirable in meerschaum pipes because it can easily crack the bowl and/or interfere with the mineral's natural porosity. Meerschaum also softens when heated so it is recommended to allow meerschaum pipes to cool before cleaning as people have been known to push pipe cleaners through the walls of heated pipes. Regardless if a pipe is cleaned after every smoke, over time there is a buildup of cake in the bowl and tars in the internals of a smoking pipe. The cake can be controlled by gentle reaming, but a buildup of tars in the shank and"
"Munich on 5 March 1856. He is largely known for his mineralogical observations and for his work on waterglass (sodium silicate). He used it to develop stereochromy, a kind of fresco painting where the pigments are fixed with waterglass. Historically, the substance was sometimes referred to as ""Fuchs's soluble glass"". Also, he developed a scientific method for the production of cement and made contributions to the understanding of the amorphic state of solids. He coined the mineral names wagnerite (1821) and margarite (1823), and with Adolph Ferdinand Gehlen, was co-describer of the mineral mesolite (1816). A variety of muscovite called"
"it is called máng xiāo. Its name is based on the phrase ""Sal mirabilis"" (Latin for ""wonderful salt"") used by Johann Rudolph Glauber when he inadvertently synthesized mirabilite. Mirabilite Mirabilite, also known as Glauber's salt, is a hydrous sodium sulfate mineral with the chemical formula NaSO·10HO. It is a vitreous, colorless to white monoclinic mineral that forms as an evaporite from sodium sulfate-bearing brines. It is found around saline springs and along saline playa lakes. Associated minerals include gypsum, halite, thenardite, trona, glauberite, and epsomite. Mirabilite is unstable and quickly dehydrates in dry air, the prismatic crystals turning into a"
"from Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany and named for its aluminium content. It is also known as ""alley stone"", ""halite"" and ""websterite"" (named after Orcadian geologist Thomas Webster). Aluminite is used by tile and masonry workers to reduce the setting time of mortars. Drone Video of the Outcrop at Newhaven Aluminite Aluminite is a hydrous aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: AlSO(OH)·7HO. It is an earthy white to gray-white monoclinic mineral which almost never exhibits crystal form. It forms botryoidal to mammillary clay-like masses. It has a very soft Mohs hardness of 1–2 and a specific gravity of 1.66–1.82. It forms in clay"
"for sourcing analcime include Croft Quarry in Leicestershire, UK; the Cyclopean Islands east off Sicily and near Trentino in northern Italy; Victoria in Australia; Kerguelen Island in the Indian Ocean; in the Lake Superior copper district of Michigan, Bergen Hill, New Jersey, Golden, Colorado, and at Searles Lake, California in the United States; and at Cape Blomidon, Nova Scotia and Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec in Canada; and in Iceland,and now in Namibia. Analcime Analcime or analcite (from the Greek ""analkimos"" - ""weak"") is a white, gray, or colorless tectosilicate mineral. Analcime consists of hydrated sodium aluminium silicate in cubic crystalline form."
"radium cures are offered. Morassina Morassina is an inactive mine in Schmiedefeld (Lichtetal), Thuringia, Germany. Today it is a tourist attraction known for its stalactites. The first recorded mention of the mine dates to 1683, as a source of alum, iron and copper vitriols (sulfates), sulfur, and colored clay. The colours of the stalactites are produced by the minerals in the mine. In 1717 the merchant Johann Leonard Morassi bought the mine and named it Morassina. In 1750 the Leipzig trading firm of Frege bought it and became extremely wealthy from it; in 1816 they were able to buy back"
"- arsenal. Mikhail Lomonosov, who studied in Marburg and Freiberg, is regarded as founder of the Russian mining science, mineralogy and geology. In his writings about mining and metallurgy, he uses German words, the names of metals and minerals ""Wismut"" ""Висмут"" (bismuth), ""Wolfram"" ""Вольфрам"" (tungsten), ""Gneis"" ""Гнейс"" (gneiss, ""Kwarz"" (in German spelled Quarz) ""Кварц"" (quartz), ""Potasch"" (in German Pottasche) ""Поташ"" (potash), ""Zink"" ""Цинк"" (zinc), ""Schpaty"" (German Spat) ""шпаты"" (feldspar), and the expression ""schteiger"" (German ""Steiger"") (foreman of miners). Also the terms ""geolog"" (German Geologe) (geologist), ""gletscher"" (glacier) ""metallurgia"" (German ""Metallurgie"") (""metallurgy""), ""nikel"" (in German Nickel), ""schichta"" (German ""Schicht"" (layer), used"