"Canapé (furniture) A canapé is a piece of furniture similar to a couch, and is meant to describe an elegant sofa made out of elaborately carved wood with wooden legs, and upholstered seats, back, and armrests that seats three, that emerged from France in the 18th century. A style created during the Louis XV and Louis XVI periods, similar yet different from designs used by Thomas Chippendale, it later became popular in the United States during the 19th century. Its shape is distinct from other sofas of the period, including the divan and chaise longue, but does include several forms."
"first cabinet-maker to publish a book of his designs, titled ""The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director"". Three editions were published, the first in 1754, followed by a virtual reprint in 1755, and finally a revised and enlarged edition in 1762, by which time Chippendale's illustrated designs began to show signs of Neoclassicism. Chippendale had considerable competition during his active years, most notably Ince and Mayhew. Chippendale was much more than just a cabinet maker, he was an interior designer who advised on other aspects of decor such as soft furnishings and even the colour a room should be painted. At"
"Jonathan Gostelowe Jonathan Gostelowe (1744 or 1745, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 1795, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker, best remembered for his Philadelphia Chippendale-style furniture. He was the eldest of the four children of George Gostelow (1701-1758), a Swedish-American farmer, and his English-born wife Lydia, who lived in the Passyunk section of what is now South Philadelphia. There is no documentation of where the son learned his trade, although, based on stylistic similarities, it is conjectured that he apprenticed under cabinetmaker George Claypoole, Sr. For much of his career, Gostelowe operated a shop on Church Alley between Second and Third"
"the peak of its success the firm could act like a modern interior designer working with other specialists and undertake the supply of fully decorated and furnished rooms or whole houses, once the principal construction was done. Chippendale often took on large-scale commissions from aristocratic clients. Twenty-six of these commissions have been identified. Here furniture by Chippendale can still be seen. The locations include: Chippendale collaborated in furnishing interiors designed by Robert Adam and at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, and Melbourne House, London, for Lord Melbourne, with Sir William Chambers (c. 1772–75). Chippendale's ""Director"" was used by many other cabinet makers."
"type of chair back, popular for a few years in the middle of the 18th century, consisting of a series of interlaced circles. Much of his work has been attributed to Thomas Chippendale, and it is certain that one derived many ideas from the other, but which was the originator and which the copyist is by no means clear. He died in 1754, when, on 8 October, his apprentice was handed over to his widow Elizabeth, who continued his business in his name. Henry Copeland Henry Copeland, aka Henry Copland, (c. 1710 – 1754) was an 18th-century English cabinetmaker and"
"of their employees William France and John Bradburne. William Vile William Vile (c. 1700 – September 1767) was an English cabinetmaker. Vile was one of the best English cabinetmakers of the Early Georgian Period (1745-1780) only overshadowed by Thomas Chippendale of the Late Georgian Period (1750-1830). Vilé was amongst a handful of London based cabinetmakers such as William Bradshaw, John Cobb and John Gumley. Their standard of craftsmanship has been virtually unchallenged until the late 20th Century British Craft Revival with makers such as John Makepeace and his lesser known apprentice Andrew Whateley demonstrating unrivalled craftsmanship. William Vile went into"
"building and operating textile mills. The Connecticut Valley (Wethersfield, East Windsor, and Colchester) was a center of cabinetmaking and furniture construction in the latter half of the 18th century. Beginning in the Queen Anne style, by the end of the period the furniture had evolved into four distinct variations of the Chippendale style; that of Eliphalet Chapin, one of the masters of the craft, who tended to produce pieces which were more compact and chunky in appearance, incorporating some of the Philadelphia rococo style without as much fussiness; that of the Colchester/Norwich area, exemplified by Samuel Loomis, as well as"
"Gostelowe and his former-apprentice, Thomas Jones, are closely associated with the serpentine chest of drawers form, which was relatively rare in America. In 1790 he moved his shop to his wife's property at 66-68 High (now Market) Street, where he worked until his retirement in 1793. Gostelowe died on February 5, 1795, and was buried in Christ Church Burial Ground. In 1798 his widow married Congressman Matthew Locke of North Carolina. Jonathan Gostelowe Jonathan Gostelowe (1744 or 1745, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - 1795, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker, best remembered for his Philadelphia Chippendale-style furniture. He was the eldest"
"Thomas Affleck Thomas Affleck (1740–1795) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker, who specialized in furniture in the Philadelphia Chippendale style. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland to a devout Quaker family. There is no documentation of where he learned his trade, but, based on stylistic similarities to his later work, it is conjectured that he apprenticed under Edinburgh cabinetmaker Alexander Peter. He moved to London in 1760, and immigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1763. That same year, John Penn, a grandson of Pennsylvania's founder William Penn, arrived in Philadelphia and was sworn in as governor of the Colony. One of Affleck's"
"Thomas Affleck Thomas Affleck (1740–1795) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker, who specialized in furniture in the Philadelphia Chippendale style. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland to a devout Quaker family. There is no documentation of where he learned his trade, but, based on stylistic similarities to his later work, it is conjectured that he apprenticed under Edinburgh cabinetmaker Alexander Peter. He moved to London in 1760, and immigrated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1763. That same year, John Penn, a grandson of Pennsylvania's founder William Penn, arrived in Philadelphia and was sworn in as governor of the Colony. One of Affleck's"
"National Gallery. Chippendale furniture is highly valued; a padouk cabinet that came up for auction in 2008 sold for £2,729,250. Chippendale was born the only child of John Chippendale (1690–1768), joiner, and his first wife Mary (née Drake) (1693–1729). He received an elementary education at Prince Henry's Grammar School. The Chippendale family had long been in the wood working trades and so he probably received his basic training from his father, though it is believed that he was also trained by Richard Wood in York, before he moved to London. Wood later ordered eight copies of the ""Director"". On 19"
"as a collection in the Gillow Museum in the Judges' Lodgings, Lancaster. The furniture can also be seen in houses open to the public such as Tatton Park. The Gillow archives are one of the largest and longest collection of records of any cabinet-maker to have survived. The Gillow pattern book was never published, while Thomas Chippendale's published his pattern book in 1754, Hepplewhite (posthumously) in 1788 and Sheraton in 1791; Gillows would supply pieces in any of these styles. The archive includes their sketches and detailed estimates written in a phonetic north country English. Between 1731 and 1850 about"
"direction. At the time Chippendale was under great financial strain and found credit hard to secure which may explain his request for a cash advance. The looking-glass was used for two mirror-lined recesses flanking the chimney-piece in the salon at Kenwood. The elaborate carved and gilt frames were made by William France in 1769–70 at a cost of £149 8s.0d.; he also supplied the pair of sofas which originally stood against the dado in each alcove. Apart from being Cabinet makers and Upholsterers from 1765 the France family were also the Royal undertakers and a list of these Royal family"
"in about the year 1750 with the advent of Chippendale furniture design; while Chippendale chairs adopted the cabriole leg, the leg design became more delicate than those of the Queen Anne Style. American designs arose by the mid-18th century, imitating the English Queen Anne Style and borrowing elements from all three sub-periods of its development in England: Queen Anne period (1702–1714), George I period (1714–1727) and George II period (1727–1760). To demonstrate the central role of the cabriole leg in this period of American furniture, this period ""has frequently been called the cabriole period, and this is no misnomer, since"
"of imported Chinese porcelain were often mounted in ormolu (gilded bronze) rococo settings for display on tables or consoles in salons. Other craftsmen imitated the Japanese art of lacquered furniture, and produced commodes with Japanese motifs. British Rococo tended to be more restrained. Thomas Chippendale's furniture designs kept the curves and feel, but stopped short of the French heights of whimsy. The most successful exponent of British Rococo was probably Thomas Johnson, a gifted carver and furniture designer working in London in the mid-18th century. Elements of the ""Rocaille"" style appeared in the work of some French painters, including a"
"the mantel. McKim commissioned the Boston furniture manufacturer A. H. Davenport and Company to build a somewhat overscaled Federal-style sideboard, china cabinet, and dining table. Reproduction Chippendale-style sidechairs replaced the series of Victorian chairs used in the nineteenth century. The style combined both Jacobean and Chippendale styles. McKim also ordered a new mahogany console table based on Anthony Quervelle's 1829 console table (made for the East Room, but since about 1860 having stood in the Family Dining Room), and a new mirror. To light the room, McKim hired Edward F. Caldwell & Co. of New York to design a new"
"William Vile William Vile (c. 1700 – September 1767) was an English cabinetmaker. Vile was one of the best English cabinetmakers of the Early Georgian Period (1745-1780) only overshadowed by Thomas Chippendale of the Late Georgian Period (1750-1830). Vilé was amongst a handful of London based cabinetmakers such as William Bradshaw, John Cobb and John Gumley. Their standard of craftsmanship has been virtually unchallenged until the late 20th Century British Craft Revival with makers such as John Makepeace and his lesser known apprentice Andrew Whateley demonstrating unrivalled craftsmanship. William Vile went into partnership with John Cobb in 1750 until he"
"above, rather than centered in the row. This is a more constrained and conservative stylistic choice than many other high chests, hinting at an earlier dating within the period. In 1754, Chippendale published his hugely influential book of furniture patterns, ""The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director"". While quite popular on both sides of the Atlantic, the tensions in the years around the Revolutionary War forced Americans to buy locally. Philadelphia was the largest city in the colonies, and growing rapidly larger thanks to a population boom. Thus, its furniture makers were kept busy crafting pieces such as this, adapting the Chippendale"
"a politician. The Army & Navy Stores followed on from a strong British tradition of innovative and practical design in portable furniture that had its roots in the 18th century and grew as the British Empire expanded. Much of the early portable furniture would have been bespoke (made to order). It would not have been uncommon for a soldier to ask his local cabinet maker to take a domestic design and adapt it for travel. As demand grew, a number of well known designers, including Chippendale, Sheraton and Gillows, considered portable furniture and the end of the 18th century saw"
"was to provide upholstery and textiles and the fittings for funerals. In the great London furniture-making partnerships of the 18th century, a cabinet-maker usually paired with an upholder: Vile and Cobb, Ince and Mayhew, Chippendale and Rannie or Haig. In the US, Grand Rapids, Michigan and Hickory, North Carolina are centers for furniture manufacture along with Long Eaton, Nottinghamshire (England) and many of the best upholsterers can still be found there. These artisans continue to create or recreate many antique and modern pieces of furniture. Furniture reupholstery continues to thrive in the UK with several businesses small and large providing"
"This most decorative of all types appears to have been popularized in England by the cavaliers who had been in exile with Charles II, and had become familiar with it in the north-western parts of the European continent. During the reign of William III and Mary II these charming forms degenerated into something much stiffer and more rectangular, with a solid, more or less fiddle-shaped splat and a cabriole leg with pad feet. The more ornamental examples had cane seats and ill-proportioned cane backs. From these forms was gradually developed the Chippendale chair, with its elaborately interlaced back, its graceful"
"British decorative arts. Around the mid-century many porcelain factories opened, including Bow in London, and in the provinces Lowestoft, Worcester, Royal Crown Derby, Liverpool, and Wedgwood, with Spode following in 1767. Most were started as small concerns, with some lasting only a few decades while others still survive today. By the end of the period British porcelain services were being commissioned by foreign royalty and the British manufacturers were especially adept at pursuing the rapidly expanding international middle-class market, developing bone china and transfer-printed wares as well as hand-painted true porcelain. The three leading furniture makers, Thomas Chippendale (1718–1779), Thomas"
"of Chinese design principles falls within mainstream chinoiserie. Chinoiserie media included ""japanned"" ware imitations of lacquer and painted tin (tôle) ware that imitated japanning, early painted wallpapers in sheets, after engravings by Jean-Baptiste Pillement, and ceramic figurines and table ornaments. In the 17th and 18th centuries Europeans began to manufacture furniture that imitated Chinese lacquer furniture. It was frequently decorated with ebony and ivory or Chinese motifs such as pagodas. Thomas Chippendale helped to popularize the production of Chinoiserie furniture with the publication of his design book ""The Gentleman and Cabinet-maker's Director: Being a large Collection of the Most Elegant"
"""The Carpenter's Companion for Chinese Railings, Gates, etc."" (1770); ""The Joiner and Cabinet-maker's Darling, or Sixty Designs for Gothic, Chinese, Mosaic and Ornamental Frets"" (1765); the design of Boodle's Club, St James's Street, London (1775–76); and ""The Chimney Piece Maker's Daily Assistant"" (1776). John Crunden John Crunden (c. 1741 – 1835) was an English architectural and mobiliary designer. Most of his early inspiration was drawn from Chippendale and his school. He produced a very large number of designs which were published in numerous volumes; among the most ambitious were ornamental centres for ceilings in which he introduced cupids with bows"
"Van Cortlandt House Museum in The Bronx became the first labeled Savery piece rediscovered by scholars. This led them to attribute many unmarked Philadelphia pieces to Savery (see Halsey and Dyer, below). Subsequent scholarship has cast doubt on many of these early attributions. William Savery (cabinetmaker) William Savery (cabinetmaker) (1721 or 1722 - 1787, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker noted for his furniture in the Queen Anne and Philadelphia Chippendale styles. He served a 7-year apprenticeship under the Philadelphia cabinetmaker Solomon Fussell, beginning in 1735. In 1742, at about age 21, he opened his own shop on Second"
"is sometimes called a Governor Winthrop desk, in memory of John Winthrop, the 17th century governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. As Winthrop died in 1647, he had no actual connection to this style of desk, which originated in the 18th century and is especially associated with Chippendale. The name ""Winthrop"" was attached to this kind of desk by the Winthrop Furniture Co. of Boston, Massachusetts, who offered their ""Gov. Winthrop"" desk in 1924, during the colonial revival period. Like the Wooton desk, the fall front desk and others with a hinged desktop (and unlike closable desks with an unmovable"
"Revolution. The house was built by James Paine for Sir Rowland Winn 4th Bart on the site of a 12th-century priory dedicated to Saint Oswald. Robert Adam was commissioned to design additional wings, only one of which was completed, and complete the state rooms. Adam added a double staircase to the front of the house, and designed buildings on the estate, including the stable block. Nostell Priory is home to a large collection of Chippendale furniture, all made for the house. Thomas Chippendale was born in Otley in 1718 and had workshops in St Martins Lane, London. The Nostell Priory"
"the weaker efforts of Chippendale. Thus from being extravagantly rococo he progressed to a simple ordered classicism. His published designs are not equal to his original drawings, many of which are preserved in the Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, while the pieces themselves are often bolder and more solid than is suggested by the authors representations of them. He was a clever craftsman and holds a distinct place among the minor furniture designers of the second half of the 18th century. Among his works, some of which were issued in conjunction with Copeland, are: ""A New Drawing Book of"
"Ince and Mayhew Ince and Mayhew were a partnership of furniture designers, upholsterers and cabinetmakers, founded and run by William Ince (1737–1804)and John Mayhew (1736–1811) in London, from 1759 to 1803; Mayhew continued alone in business until 1809. Their premises were listed in London directories in Broad Street, Soho, 1763–83, and in Marshall Street, Carnaby Market, 1783–1809. The partnership's volume of engraved designs, ""The Universal System of Household Furniture"", dedicated to the Duke of Marlborough (published in parts, 1759–63), was issued in imitative rivalry with Thomas Chippendale; Ince, who was a subscriber to the first edition of Chippendale's ""Director"", was"
"for a soap dish and a water-bottle. Sometimes a stand for the water-jug when the basin was in use was provided below, and very commonly there was a drawer, sometimes even two drawers, below the basin. Great numbers of these stands were made to fit into corners, and a corner wash-stand is still a common object in old furniture shops. Thomas Chippendale designed such stands in an elaborate rococo fashion, as well as in simpler form. As the 18th century drew to its close the custom of using the same apartment as reception room by day and sleeping room by"
"William Savery (cabinetmaker) William Savery (cabinetmaker) (1721 or 1722 - 1787, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an 18th-century American cabinetmaker noted for his furniture in the Queen Anne and Philadelphia Chippendale styles. He served a 7-year apprenticeship under the Philadelphia cabinetmaker Solomon Fussell, beginning in 1735. In 1742, at about age 21, he opened his own shop on Second Street, just south of High (now Market) Street in Philadelphia. Benjamin Franklin was an early patron (and a parton of Fussell), and two Savery-attributed pieces descended in Franklin's family. In 1754 Savery was appointed a ward tax assessor, serving under Franklin. In addition"
"Chippendale (1718–1779). Their lives had many parallels. Both were born in England at about the same time. Both apprenticed in the 1730s. Elfe apprenticed under his uncle. Chippendale apprenticed under his father. Elfe married in 1748, as did Chippendale, and both were eventually widowed. Both were eventually remarried and had a second wife. Both had a son named Thomas who took over their furniture business. Both lived during the tempestuous times leading to the American Revolution without being personally affected. Both had large furniture shops with many employees. Both died within four years of one another. Elfe was also a"
"principle. The companions of his youth were the companions of his manhood. He never lost a friend by insincerity nor made one by deception. His domestic virtues were truly exemplary and while they served to endear the remembrances they embitter the loss of him to all his numerous friends and connections. John and Elizabeth Cadwalader built a city house on 2nd between Spruce & Union (now Delancey) Streets in Philadelphia in 1770, and commissioned suites of furniture from cabinetmakers such as Thomas Affleck and Benjamin Randolph. Surviving pieces are among the finest and best-documented Philadelphia Chippendale furniture ever made.""Colonial Grandeur"