"vehicles from the 2010s, such as main battle tanks, are generally too well armored (with thick composite and/or reactive armor) to be penetrated by an RPG, unless less armored sections of vehicle are exploited. Various warheads are also capable of causing secondary damage to vulnerable systems (especially sights, tracks, rear and roof of turrets) and other unarmored targets. The term ""rocket-propelled grenade"" stems from the Russian language РПГ or ручной противотанковый гранатомёт (transliterated as """"ruchnoy protivotankovy granatomyot""""), meaning ""hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher"", the name given to early Russian designs. The static nature of trench warfare in World War I encouraged"
"RPG-6 The RPG-6 (Russian >""Ruchnaya Protivotankovaya Granata"", ""Handheld Anti-Tank Grenade"") was a Soviet-era anti-tank hand-grenade used during the late World War II and early Cold War period. (RPG was the Russian designation, not the more usual abbreviation of ""rocket-propelled grenade""). It operated on the ""Monroe effect"" principle, in which a metal-lined cone-shaped explosive charge would generate a focused jet of hot metal that could penetrate armor-plate. It underwent testing in September 1943, and was accepted into service in October of the same year. It was a conical casing enclosing a shaped charge and containing 562 grams of TNT, fitted with"
"RPG-7 The RPG-7 () is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher. Originally the RPG-7 (Ручной Противотанковый Гранатомёт – ""Ruchnoy Protivotankoviy Granatomyot"" – Hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher) and its predecessor, the RPG-2, were designed by the Soviet Union; it is now manufactured by the Russian company Bazalt. The weapon has the GRAU index (Russian armed forces index) 6G3. The ruggedness, simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness of the RPG-7 has made it the most widely used anti-armor weapon in the world. Currently around 40 countries use the weapon, and it is manufactured in several variants by nine countries. It"
"RGO hand grenade The RGO hand grenade (""Ruchnaya Granata Oboronitel'naya"", (""Hand Grenade Defensive"") is a defensive Soviet fragmentation hand grenade. It consists of a double layered steel pre-fragmented body. It is very similar to the single-layered offensive aluminium-bodied RGN hand grenade. It uses the UDZS dual action fuze, which has both impact and time delay functions. The impact fuze arms after a pyrotechnic delay of 1 to 1.8 seconds. If the impact fuze has not triggered the grenade after 3.2 to 4.2 seconds a second pyrotechnic delay triggers the grenade. The fragments produced by the grenade generate a lethal radius"
"weapon's diameter. In the RPG-6 this was achieved by adding a hollow pointed nose section with the impact fuse in it, so that when the weapon detonated the warhead was at the optimum distance from the armour. The weapon was a success and went into mass production, being used alongside the RPG-43 in many countries long after the war. RPG-6 The RPG-6 (Russian >""Ruchnaya Protivotankovaya Granata"", ""Handheld Anti-Tank Grenade"") was a Soviet-era anti-tank hand-grenade used during the late World War II and early Cold War period. (RPG was the Russian designation, not the more usual abbreviation of ""rocket-propelled grenade""). It"
"Rokot Rokot ( meaning ""Rumble"" or ""Boom""), also transliterated Rockot, is a Russian space launch vehicle that can launch a payload of 1,950 kilograms into a 200 kilometre Earth orbit with 63° inclination. It is a derivative of the UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), supplied and operated by Eurockot Launch Services. The first launches started in the 1990s from Baikonur Cosmodrome out of a silo. Later commercial launches commenced from Plesetsk Cosmodrome using a launch ramp specially rebuilt from one for the Kosmos-3M rocket. The cost of the launcher itself was about 15 million in 1999; The Eurockot"
"expected to generate a revenue of 8 billion rubles ($120 million), if the decision to resume the project is made within 2018. Rokot Rokot ( meaning ""Rumble"" or ""Boom""), also transliterated Rockot, is a Russian space launch vehicle that can launch a payload of 1,950 kilograms into a 200 kilometre Earth orbit with 63° inclination. It is a derivative of the UR-100N (SS-19 Stiletto) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), supplied and operated by Eurockot Launch Services. The first launches started in the 1990s from Baikonur Cosmodrome out of a silo. Later commercial launches commenced from Plesetsk Cosmodrome using a launch ramp"
"""Drobovik Rossiyskiy"", lit. Shotgun Russian), because the gun was meant to shoot 800 kg stone grapeshot rather than true, solid cannonballs. The cannon ought to be classified as only a mortar by its barrel length in modern classification, with the barrel length at only 6 calibers. However, in the 17th to the 18th century, it was rather called a ""Bombard cannon"", since mortars at that time had barrel lengths of no more than 2.5 calibers, or 3.5 calibers at maximum for long-range mortars. The spherical cast-iron projectiles located in front of the Tsar Cannon—each of which weighs approximately one ton—were"
"two sets of iron sights corresponding to the two different rounds fired by the weapon. The HE sight is graduated out to 700 meters while the weapon's effective range for the HEAT round is around 200 meters. SPG-82 The SPG-82 (transliterated Russian: ""Stankovyi Protivotankovyi Granatomet"" - heavy antitank grenade launcher) was a Soviet wheeled antitank rocket launcher that entered service after the end of World War II. It was replaced in Soviet service by the B-10 recoilless rifle from 1954 but remained in service with some armies, notably in the Middle East until the 1970s. The SPG-82 was also carried"
"Granat The International Astrophysical Observatory ""GRANAT"" (usually known as Granat; ), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria. It was launched on 1 December 1989 aboard a Proton rocket and placed in a highly eccentric four-day orbit, of which three were devoted to observations. It operated for almost nine years. In September 1994, after nearly five years of directed observations, the gas supply for its attitude control was exhausted and the observatory was placed in a non-directed survey mode. Transmissions finally ceased on 27 November 1998. With seven different instruments on board,"
"Korolyov RP-318 The RP-318 or RP-318-1 was Russia's first rocket-powered aircraft or Rocket Glider (Rocketny Planer or Raketoplan) which ""RP"" stands for in Russian language. Beginning in early 1936 it was firstly known as RP-218-1 or ""Objekt 218"" before it was changed to RP-318-1 in 1938 due to inner reforms of . Built in 1936 by Sergei Korolev as an adaptation of his SK-9 glider, it was originally designed as a flying laboratory to test rocket engines and designed by Valentin Glushko was the one selected to be used. In 1938, when both Korolev and Glushko were arrested in suspicion"
"ICBM performing its second successful test-lauch at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. RS-28 Sarmat The RS-28 Sarmat (, named after the Sarmatians - NATO reporting name SS-X-30) is a Russian liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped, superheavy thermonuclear armed intercontinental ballistic missile, in development by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau since 2009. It is intended to replace the old R-36M missile (SS-18 ""Satan""). The Sarmat ICBM is one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018. Its large payload of about 10 tonnes would allow for up to 10 heavy MIRV warheads or 15 lighter ones (350 kilotons"
"F1 grenade (Russia) The Soviet F1 hand grenade (Russian: Фугасный > ""Fugasnyy 1"", ""Explosive, Type #1""), is an anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade. It is based on the French F1 grenade and contains a 60-gram explosive charge (TNT). The total weight of the grenade with the fuze is about 600 grams. Due to its shape and its yellow-green color, it is nicknamed the (fem. ""lemon""). It is also nicknamed ""Efka"" () for the letter F. It is similar to the American Mk2 grenade ""Pineapple grenade"", which was also ultimately modeled on the French F1. The UZRGM (""Universal'nyi Zapal, Ruchnaya Granata, Modernizirovannyi"""
"RGD-5 The RGD-5 (""Ruchnaya Granata Distantsionnaya"", English ""Hand Grenade Remote""), is a post-World War II Soviet anti-personnel fragmentation grenade, designed in the early 1950s. RGD-5 was accepted to service in 1954. It is still in service with many of Russia's former client states and has been supplied to Iraq as well as other Arab nations. The grenade is egg-shaped with no external ribbing, except for a lateral ridge where the two halves of the grenade join. It weighs . Its in length and in diameter. The surface has a few small dimples on it with a green or olive drab,"
"RKG-3 anti-tank grenade RKG-3 is a series of Russian anti-tank hand grenades. It superseded the RPG-43, RPG-40 and RPG-6 series of grenades. It entered service in 1950, but was still used by Iraqi insurgents in the mid-2000s, against vehicles of the US forces. RKG stands for ""Ruchnaya Kumulyativnaya Granata"" (""Handheld Shaped Charge Grenade""). The grenade has an odd strap-like lever (or ""spoon"") that covers the base of the handle and runs up each side of the handle. When the pin is pulled, the ""spoon"" falls away, and the grenade is thrown a four-panelled drogue parachute is deployed by a spring."
"9M133 Kornet The 9M133 Kornet (; ""Cornet"", NATO reporting name AT-14 Spriggan, export designation Kornet-E) is a modern Russian man-portable anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) intended for use against main battle tanks. It was first introduced into service with the Russian Army in 1998. The Kornet is among the most capable Russian ATGMs. It is not intended to fully replace previous systems, due to its high cost. The Kornet comes in variants with thermobaric warheads for use against soft targets. It was further developed into the 9M133 Kornet-EM, which has increased range, fire-and-forget capability, and an improved warhead. The Kornet has"
"a folding forward grip. The sights are RPO-based, with a fixed front and folding ladder-type diopter rear, giving an effective range of 90 m and maximum range of 450 m. The MRO-series includes different versions, again based on RPO versions: MRO-A thermobaric; MRO-D white phosphorus smoke; and MRO-Z incendiary. It was adopted by the Russian Army around 2002 and issued to chemical troops to supplement the larger RPO-A. MGK ""Bur"" (Rus. Малогабаритный Гранатомётный Комплекс ""Бур"" / ""Malogabaritnyy Granatomotnyy Kompleks ""Bur"""" — Compact Grenade-launching System ""Auger"") is a 62 mm version of the RPO-M consisting of two major components: the disposable"
"PFM-1 PFM-1 (Russian: ""ПФМ-1"", short for ""противопехотная фугасная мина"" - anti-infantry high-explosive mine; NATO name: Green parrot, also known as butterfly mine) is a land mine of Soviet production, very similar to the BLU-43 US Army landmine. Both devices are very similar in shape and principles, although they use different explosives. The mine is, in essence, a plastic container containing explosive liquid. The mine is stored with a pin restraining a detonating plunger. Once the arming pin is removed, the plunger is slowly forced forward by a spring until it contacts the detonator, at which point it is armed. This"
"RG-42 The Soviet RG-42 (Ручная Граната образца 42 года > ""Ruchnaya Granata obraztsa 42 goda"", ""Hand Grenade pattern of [19]42 year"") was a fragmentation grenade designed by S.G. Korshunov. It was originally introduced during World War II from 1942 onwards as an emergency measure to replace the complex RGD-33 grenade. It continued in use with the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies in the post-war period until replaced in 1954 by the RGD-5 grenade. Stockpiles were held for emergency or reserve issue, military aid, or foreign sales. They were eventually destroyed in the 1980s due to the TNT filling degrading"
"RS-28 Sarmat The RS-28 Sarmat (, named after the Sarmatians - NATO reporting name SS-X-30) is a Russian liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped, superheavy thermonuclear armed intercontinental ballistic missile, in development by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau since 2009. It is intended to replace the old R-36M missile (SS-18 ""Satan""). The Sarmat ICBM is one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by President Vladimir Putin on 1 March 2018. Its large payload of about 10 tonnes would allow for up to 10 heavy MIRV warheads or 15 lighter ones (350 kilotons yield each) or up to 24 Avangard hypersonic glide vehicles,"
"ATGMs through the gun barrel. It has a new turret with auto-loader, but imitates western designs with an armoured ammunition compartment to improve crew survivability. The Russian ""Chyorny Oryol"" (""Black Eagle"") is based on a lengthened T-80 hull. An early mock-up, shown for the first time at the second VTTV-Omsk-97 International Exhibition of Armaments in 1997, appears to have dramatically heavier armour, and a completely new modern turret separating crew and ammunition. The prototype has a 125 mm tank gun, but is said to be able to mount a new 152 mm gun. Russia is also rumoured to be developing"
"grenade with the fuse was 420 grams. RG-42 The Soviet RG-42 (Ручная Граната образца 42 года > ""Ruchnaya Granata obraztsa 42 goda"", ""Hand Grenade pattern of [19]42 year"") was a fragmentation grenade designed by S.G. Korshunov. It was originally introduced during World War II from 1942 onwards as an emergency measure to replace the complex RGD-33 grenade. It continued in use with the USSR and its Warsaw Pact allies in the post-war period until replaced in 1954 by the RGD-5 grenade. Stockpiles were held for emergency or reserve issue, military aid, or foreign sales. They were eventually destroyed in the"
"or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of countermeasures designed to defeat anti-missile systems; it was heralded by the Russian military as a response to the U.S. Prompt Global Strike. Sarmat has a short boost phase, which shortens the interval when it can be tracked by satellites with infrared sensors, like Space-Based Infrared System and makes it harder to intercept. It is speculated that RS-28 could fly a trajectory over the South Pole, completely immune to any current U.S. missile defense system. It is suspected to have a Fractional Orbital Bombardment (FOBS) capability. In February 2014, a Russian military"
"RS-28 Sarmat (Russian: РС-28 Сармат; NATO reporting name: SATAN 2), is a Russian liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped, super-heavy thermonuclear armed intercontinental ballistic missile in development by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau from 2009, intended to replace the previous R-36 missile. Its large payload would allow for up to 10 heavy warheads or 15 lighter ones or up to 24 hypersonic glide vehicles Yu-74, or a combination of warheads and massive amounts of countermeasures designed to defeat anti-missile systems; it was heralded by the Russian military as a response to the U.S. Prompt Global Strike. The following flight phases can be distinguished: ICBMs"
"very similar. Current Former P-500 Bazalt The P-500 ""Bazalt (; ) is a turbojet-powered, supersonic cruise missile used by the Soviet and Russian navies. Its GRAU designation is 4K80 and its NATO reporting name is SS-N-12 ""Sandbox, modern version is P-1000 Vulkan AShM SLCM. Developed by OKB-52 MAP (later NPO Mashinostroyeniye), it entered service to replace the SS-N-3 Shaddock. The P-500 Bazalt was first deployed in 1975 on the Soviet aircraft carrier ""Kiev"", and was later added to both the Echo II class submarine and the Juliett class submarine. A version of the P-500 Bazalt with improved guidance and engines"
"RPG-28 The RPG-28 Klyukva (""Cranberry"") is a Russian handheld anti-tank rocket launcher. The RPG-28 was unveiled in 2007 at IDEX Abu Dhabi by the State Research and Production Enterprise, Bazalt as a modern anti-tank rocket launcher designed to defeat modern and future tanks with advanced reactive and composite armour as well as fortified infantry. It was offered for export in 2008. Officially adopted by the Russian Government in December 2011. The RPG-28 shares a close resemblance with the RPG-27 in that it is a portable, disposable anti-tank rocket launcher with a single shot capacity. The RPG-28 has a larger diameter"
"RT-23 Molodets The RT-23 (NATO reporting name SS-24 Scalpel) РТ-23 УТТХ «Мо́лодец» (""brave man"" or ""fine fellow"") was a Soviet ICBM developed and produced before 1991 by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in Dnipro, Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). It is cold-launched, and comes in silo– and railway-car–based variants. It is a three-stage missile that uses solid fuel and thrust vectoring for the first stage, with 10 MIRV warheads, each with a 550–kt yield. All missiles are decommissioned and will be replaced by BZhRK Barguzin. The missile was the culmination of a major Soviet effort to develop a medium"
"in the Dragunov and other sniper rifles, as well as some modern general-purpose machine guns like the PKM and Pecheneg machine gun. Originally, the round was designated as ""Трехлинейный патрон образца 1891 года"" – (Three-line cartridge model of 1891). It then became widely known under the designation ""7,62мм винтовочный патрон"" (7.62mm rifle cartridge). The round has erroneously come to be known as the ""7.62mm Russian"" (and is still often referred to as such colloquially), but, according to standards, the ""R"" in designation (7.62×54mmR) stands for Rimmed, in line with standard C.I.P. designations. The name is sometimes confused with the ""7.62"
"RGN hand grenade The RGN hand grenade (""Ruchnaya Granata Nastupatel'naya"", ""Hand Grenade Offensive"") is an offensive Soviet fragmentation hand grenade. It consists of a single layered aluminium pre-fragmented body. It is very similar to the defensive RGO hand grenade. The grenade shell consists of two internally serrated aluminium hemispheres. The UDZS fuze has both impact and time delay functions, the impact fuze arms after a pyrotechnic delay of 1 to 1.8 seconds. If the grenade strikes an object after this time a spherical lead shot filled impact weight will trigger detonation. If the grenade has not struck anything after 3.5"
"(i.e., can be carried by one soldier) weapon to defeat enemy armor when no wheeled anti-tank guns were available, since anti tank rifles were no longer effective. Initial attempts to put such weapons in the hands of the infantry resulted in weapons like the Soviet RPG-40 ""blast effect"" hand grenade (where ""RPG"" stood for ""ruchnaya protivotankovaya granata"", meaning hand-held anti-tank grenade). The later RPG-43 and RPG-6 used shaped charges, the chemical energy of their explosive being used more efficiently to enable the defeat of thicker armor; however, being hand thrown weapons, they still had to be deployed at suicidally close"
"out-performed the intermediate RPG-4 design during testing. The current model produced by the Russian Federation is the RPG-7V2, capable of firing standard and dual high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, high explosive/fragmentation, and thermobaric warheads (see below), with a UP-7V sighting device fitted (used in tandem with the standard 2.7× PGO-7 optical sight) to allow the use of extended range ammunition. The RPG-7D3 is the equivalent paratrooper model. Both the RPG-7V2 and RPG-7D3 were adopted by the Russian Ground Forces in 2001. The launcher is reloadable and based around a steel tube, 40 millimetres in diameter, 95.3 centimetres long, and weighing"
"mounted in his roof hatch for use as an anti-aircraft weapon. The DShK ammunition loadout was 450 rounds. The Russian designation ""SU"", meaning Samokhodnaya Ustanovka or self-propelled gun, is a rather diffuse term that was equally applied to vehicles which in combat fulfilled the roles of dedicated tank destroyers, infantry-supporting assault guns, and even indirect-fire artillery, i.e. self-propelled howitzers. The SU-101/SU-102 as a replacement for the SU-100, which was mainly used as tank destroyer, was potentially intended to fulfill the latter's role. The 100 mm D-10S of the SU-101 was a dedicated tank gun with capable kinetic energy armour-piercing rounds."
"most urgent problem, however, was in finding funds to support the continued operation of the spacecraft amid the spending crunch in post-Soviet Russia. The French space agency, having already contributed significantly to the project (both scientifically and financially), took upon itself to fund the continuing operations directly. Granat The International Astrophysical Observatory ""GRANAT"" (usually known as Granat; ), was a Soviet (later Russian) space observatory developed in collaboration with France, Denmark and Bulgaria. It was launched on 1 December 1989 aboard a Proton rocket and placed in a highly eccentric four-day orbit, of which three were devoted to observations. It"