"not completely protect the horse against the arrows but it could deflect and lessen their damage. An early depiction of a knight's horse wearing a caparison may be seen on the small Carlton-in-Lindrick knight figurine from the late 12th century. Modern re-enactment tests have shown that a loose caparison protects the horse reasonably well against arrows, especially if combined with a gambeson-like undercloth underneath. Medieval caparisons were frequently embroidered with the coat of arms of the horse's rider. In the Indian state of Kerala, elephants are decorated during temple festivals. They wear a distinctive golden head covering called a ""nettipattam,"""
"Antimacassar An antimacassar is a small cloth placed over the backs or arms of chairs, or the head or cushions of a sofa, to prevent soiling of the permanent fabric underneath. The name also refers to the cloth flap 'collar' on a sailor's shirt or top, used to keep macassar oil off the uniform. Macassar oil was an unguent for the hair commonly used by men in the early 19th century. The poet Byron called it ""thine incomparable oil, Macassar"". The fashion for oiled hair became so widespread in the Victorian and the Edwardian period that housewives began to cover"
"Baldachin A baldachin, or baldaquin (from ), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is sufficiently architectural in form. A cloth of honour is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy. It can also be used for similar canopies in interior design, for example above beds, and for processional canopies used"
"forms. Ciborium (architecture) In ecclesiastical architecture, a ciborium (""ciborion"": κιβώριον in Greek) is a canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that stands over and covers the altar in a basilica or other church. It may also be known by the more general term of baldachin, though ciborium is often considered more correct for examples in churches. Early ciboria had curtains hanging from rods between the columns, so that the altar could be concealed from the congregation at points in the liturgy. Smaller examples may cover other objects in a church. In a very large church, a"
"Ciborium (architecture) In ecclesiastical architecture, a ciborium (""ciborion"": κιβώριον in Greek) is a canopy or covering supported by columns, freestanding in the sanctuary, that stands over and covers the altar in a basilica or other church. It may also be known by the more general term of baldachin, though ciborium is often considered more correct for examples in churches. Early ciboria had curtains hanging from rods between the columns, so that the altar could be concealed from the congregation at points in the liturgy. Smaller examples may cover other objects in a church. In a very large church, a ciborium"
"Anglo-French ""cussin, quissin"", from Vulgar Latin *""coxinus"", and from Latin ""coxa"", hip. The first known use of the word cushion was in the 14th century. Cushion A cushion is a soft furry bag of some ornamental material, stuffed with wool, hair, feathers, polyester staple fiber, non-woven material, or even paper torn into fragments. It may be used for sitting or kneeling upon, or to soften the hardness or angularity of a chair or couch. Decorative cushions often have a patterned cover material, and are used as decoration for furniture. A cushion is also referred to as a bolster, hassock, ""headrest"""
"Cape A cape is a sleeveless outer garment, which drapes the wearer's back, arms and chest, and fastens at the neck. Capes were common in medieval Europe, especially when combined with a hood in the chaperon, and have had periodic returns to fashion, for example, in nineteenth-century Europe. Roman Catholic clergy wear a type of cape known as a ferraiolo, which is worn for formal events outside a ritualistic context. The cope is a liturgical vestment in the form of a cape. Capes are often highly decorated with elaborate embroidery. Capes remain in regular use as rain wear in various"
"make the Baldachin. The surname is found mainly in the islands of Malta and Sicily, particularly in Agrigento and Naro. Baldachin A baldachin, or baldaquin (from ), is a canopy of state typically placed over an altar or throne. It had its beginnings as a cloth canopy, but in other cases it is a sturdy, permanent architectural feature, particularly over high altars in cathedrals, where such a structure is more correctly called a ciborium when it is sufficiently architectural in form. A cloth of honour is a simpler cloth hanging vertically behind the throne, usually continuing to form a canopy."
"Capuchon A capuchon is a cone-shaped ceremonial hat worn during the Mardi Gras celebration in the Cajun areas of southwestern Louisiana, known as the ""Courir de Mardi Gras"". The rural celebration is based on early begging rituals, similar to those still celebrated by mummers, wassailers and celebrants of Halloween. As Mardi Gras is the celebration of the final day before Lent, celebrants drink and eat heavily, but dress in costume, ostensibly to protect their identities. Many of the traditional costumes are derivatives of the costumes worn in early rural France during the same celebration. The costumes directly mock the nobility,"
"almost general usage of the ""nazareno"" or penitential robe for some of the participants in the processions. This garment consists of a tunic, a hood with conical tip (""capirote"") used to conceal the face of the wearer, and sometimes a cloak. The exact colors and forms of these robes depend on the particular procession. The robes were widely used in the medieval period for penitents, who could demonstrate their penance while still masking their identity. These ""nazarenos"" carry processional candles or rough-hewn wooden crosses, may walk the city streets barefoot, and, in some places may carry shackles and chains on"
"serves as a mask for holding attached stationary draperies or for hiding window hardware or even masking architectural flaws. The cornice is typically constructed of a chipboard-style wood or lightweight material over which some kind of padding is placed, then covered with a fabric of choice and finished with decorate trim or cording to cover any seams. Only fits across the top of the window frame. Can be a terrific focal point; usually mounted on the outside of the window frame. A stationary panel, decorative in nature, used in tandem with a swag (festoon), also known as a tail. Much"
"Orarion The Orarion (Greek: ; Slavonic: орарь, ""orar"") is the distinguishing vestment of the deacon and subdeacon in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches. It is a narrow stole, usually four to five inches (127 mm) wide and of various lengths, made of brocade, often decorated with crosses (three, five or seven) embroidered or appliquéd along its length. It is usually trimmed with decorative banding around the edges and fringe at the two ends. The deacon wears the orarion over his left shoulder with the front portion draped over his left forearm. He will take"
"Capotain A capotain, capatain or copotain is a tall-crowned, narrow-brimmed, slightly conical ""sugarloaf"" hat, usually black, worn by men and women from the 1590s into the mid-seventeenth century in England and northwestern Europe. Earlier capotains had rounded crowns; later, the crown was flat at the top. The capotain is especially associated with Puritan costume in England in the years leading up to the English Civil War and during the years of the Commonwealth. It is also commonly called a Flat Topped Hat and a Pilgrim hat, the latter for its association with the Pilgrims that settled Plymouth Colony in the"
"""Catskin"", an overdress of rushes ""Cap O' Rushes"", or a gown of all kinds of fur, in ""Allerleirauh"". The gooseherd, despite his unusual place in the opening of the tales, acts the function of the donor figure commonly found in fairy tales. Tattercoats ""Tattercoats"" is an English fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his ""More English Fairy Tales"". It is Aarne–Thompson type 510B, the persecuted heroine. Others of this type include ""Cap O' Rushes"", ""Catskin"", ""Little Cat Skin"", ""Allerleirauh"", ""The King who Wished to Marry His Daughter"", ""The She-Bear"", ""Donkeyskin"", ""Mossycoat"", ""The Princess That Wore A Rabbit-Skin Dress"", and"
"Pall (funeral) A pall (also called mortcloth) is a cloth that covers a casket or coffin at funerals. The word comes from the Latin ""pallium"" (cloak), through Old English. It is also a stiffened square card covered with white linen, usually embroidered with a cross or some other appropriate symbol. The purpose of the pall is to keep dust and insects from falling into the Eucharistic elements in a chalice. The derivation is the same: the cloth is named after the presumed cloth that covered Jesus. The use of a rich cloth pall to cover the casket or coffin during"
"the wearer's back and shoulders. Other written sources mention other large-scale compositions. One particularly fine example is ""The Adoration of the Magi"" chasuble from c. 1325 in red velvet embroidered in gold thread and pearls at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. It depicts a nativity scene with emphasis on decorative motifs, flowers, animals, birds, beasts, and angels. The Butler-Bowden Cope at the Victoria and Albert Museum is another surviving example; the same collection has a late cope made for a set of vestments given by Henry VII to Westminster Abbey. Opus Anglicanum Opus Anglicanum or English work"
"was referred to as ""the chaplet studded with sunbeams” by Lucian, about 180 AD. Chaplet (headgear) A chaplet is a headdress in the form of a wreath made of leaves, flowers or twigs woven into a ring. It is typically worn in festive occasions and on holy days. In ancient times it also served as a crown representing victory or authority. In ancient times chaplets made from branches and twigs of trees were worn by victors in sacred contests; these were known as ""pancarpiae"". Later, flowers were used to ""heighten the effect"" with their color and smell. Glyccra challenged Pausias"
"Gambeson A gambeson (also aketon, padded jack or arming doublet) is a padded defensive jacket, worn as armour separately, or combined with mail or plate armour. It also doubled as a winter coat for wearers. Gambesons were produced with a sewing technique called quilting. Usually constructed of linen or wool, the stuffing varied, and could be for example scrap cloth or horse hair. During the 14th century, illustrations usually show buttons or laces up the front. An arming doublet (also called aketon) worn under armour, particularly plate armour of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe, contains arming points for attaching plates. Fifteenth"
"embroidered ""dosser"" (French, """"dos""""). Under his feet is a cushion, such as protected the feet of the King of France when he presided at a ""lit de justice"". The King of France was also covered by a mobile canopy during his Coronation, held up on poles by several Peers of France. The Virgin Mary in particular, is very often shown sitting under a cloth of honour in medieval and Renaissance paintings where she is shown enthroned with saints. The cloth was often simply a luxurious textile, often imported and with rich patterns, as in brocades, but might have heraldic elements."
"Scarf A scarf, plural ""scarves"", is a piece of fabric worn around the neck for warmth, sun protection, cleanliness, fashion, or religious reasons. They can be made in a variety of different materials such as wool, cashmere, linen or cotton. It is a common type of neckwear. Scarves have been worn since ancient times. The Statue of Ashurnasirpal II from the 9th century BC features the emperor wearing a shawl. In Ancient Rome, the garment was used to keep clean rather than warm. It was called a focale or ""sudarium"" (sudarium from the Latin for ""sweat cloth""), and was used"
"by which the areas of sky, water and floor or ground that would be left largely blank in paintings are filled in with discreet patterns derived from textiles, known as ""diaper backgrounds"" and also ""brocade-grounds""; this convention has continued to modern times. In heraldry, diapering is a technique in which those who emblazon, draw, paint, or otherwise depict achievements of arms decorate large areas of flat colour by drawing crosshatches or arabesques. There is no standard, and each artist is allowed individual idiosyncrasies. With very rare exceptions, diapering is not a part of the blazon, but is mere decoration, or"
"Umbraculum The umbraculum (, ""big umbrella"", or also ""basilica"" or conopaeum) is a historic piece of the papal regalia and insignia, once used on a daily basis to provide shade for the pope (Galbreath, 27). Also known as the pavilion, in modern usage the umbraculum is a symbol of the Catholic Church and the authority of the pope over it. It is found in the contemporary Church at all the basilicas throughout the world, placed prominently at the right of their main altars. Whenever the pope visits a basilica, its umbraculum is opened. Translated from the Latin language into the"
"Focale The focale (plural ""focalia""), also known as a sudarium (""sweat cloth""), was a woolen or linen scarf worn by ancient Roman military personnel. It protected the neck from chafing by the armor. The ""focale"" is depicted widely in military scenes from Roman art, such as the relief sculpture on the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum and Trajan's Column. It is shown loosely knotted in the front, but is sometimes visible with the ends tucked inside the cuirass. In Latin literature, ""focale"" is a general word for a scarf or wrapping for the throat. A ""focale"" was"
"""sudarium"" has been used for several ornamental textile objects: The term Sudra (סודרא) for a headdress in Judaism is a loan from the Latin term. Sudarium A sudarium (Latin) was a ""sweat cloth"", used for wiping the face clean. Small cloths of various sorts, for which ""sudarium"" is a general term, played a role in Ancient Roman formal manners and court ceremonial, and many such uses transferred to Christian liturgical usage and art. ""Sudarium"" specifically refers to two relics of the Passion of Jesus, the Sudarium of Oviedo and the Veil of Veronica. Another ""sudarium"" is found in Altmünster, Germany,"
"Maiden's garland A maiden's garland, also known as a virgin's crown, crants or crantsey, is a crown-shaped garland used as a funeral memento for, usually female, virgins. They are generally made of paper flowers, rosettes and ribbons fixed to a wooden frame. Many are also adorned with white paper gloves, and may be inscribed with verses of poetry and the name of the deceased. The garlands are carried before, or on, the coffin during the funeral procession and afterwards displayed in the church. W.R. Bullen, writing in ""The Tablet"" in 1926, reports that the ""practice of carrying garlands at a"
"front or rear of the horse and back to the saddle again. These appear to have been metal plates riveted to leather or in some cases ""cuir bouilli"" armour (which is boiled or treated leather sealed with beeswax or the like). They sometimes had openings designed to allow the rider to use spurs. The peytral was designed to protect the chest of the horse, while the croupiere protected the rear. It sometimes stretched as far back as the saddle. Barding was often used in conjunction with cloth covers known as caparisons. These coverings sometimes covered the entire horse from nose"
"Cap of maintenance A cap of maintenance, known in heraldic language as a ""chapeau gules turned up ermine"" (French: ""red hat""), is a ceremonial cap of crimson velvet lined with ermine, which is worn or carried by certain persons as a sign of nobility or special honour. It is worn with the high part to the fore, the tapering tail behind. It may substitute for the torse in the heraldic achievement of a person of special honour granted the privilege by the monarch. It thus appears in such cases on top of the helm and below the crest. It does"
"Gabion A gabion (from Italian ""gabbione"" meaning ""big cage""; from Italian ""gabbia"" and Latin ""cavea"" meaning ""cage"") is a cage, cylinder, or box filled with rocks, concrete, or sometimes sand and soil for use in civil engineering, road building, military applications and landscaping. For erosion control, caged riprap is used. For dams or in foundation construction, cylindrical metal structures are used. In a military context, earth- or sand-filled gabions are used to protect sappers, infantry, and artillerymen from enemy fire. Leonardo da Vinci designed a type of gabion called a ""Corbeille Leonard"" (""Leonard[o] basket"") for the foundations of the San"
"Supportasse A supportasse or underpropper is a stiffened support for a ruff or collar. Essential items of courtly fashion in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, supportasses are sometimes called piccadills (picadils, pickadills), whisks, or rebatos, terms used at different times for both the supporters and the various lace or linen collar styles to which they were attached. Decorative supportasses were often made of wire fashioned in loops and scallops, covered over with colored silk, gold, or silver thread. Supporters stiffened with cardboard or pasteboard and covered in silk or linen were also popular. They were held in place"
"Garrison (architecture) A garrison is an architectural style of house, typically two stories with the second story overhanging in the front. The traditional ornamentation is four carved drops (pineapple, strawberry or acorn shape) below the overhang. Garrisons usually have an exterior chimney at the end. Older versions have casement windows with small panes of glass, while later versions have double-hung windows. The second-story windows often are smaller than those on the first floor. Dormers often break through the cornice line. Historically the term ""garrison"" means 1) a group of soldiers; 2) a defensive structure; 3) the location of a group"
"Shabrack Shabrack or Shabraque () is a saddlecloth, formerly used by European light cavalry. The shabraque was an accoutrement of the hussar cavalry, based on the Hungarian horsemen in Austrian service who were widely imitated in European armies in the 18th and 19th centuries. The shabraque was a large cloth which in its original form, covered the Hungarian-style saddle, and was itself surmounted by a sheep or goat's skin. The corners of the shabraque were rounded at the front and elongated into long points at the rear. It could be elaborately decorated with a contrasting border and a royal cypher"
"partly submerged by other rich ornament. European strapwork is a frequent background and framework for grotesque ornament — arabesque or candelabra figures filled with fantastical creatures, garlands and other elements—which were a frequent decorative motif in 16th-century Northern Mannerism, and revived in the 19th century and which may appear on walls—painted, in frescos, carved in wood, or moulded in plaster or stucco — or in graphic work. The Europeanized arabesque patterns called moresque are also very often combined with strapwork, especially in tooled and gilded bookbindings. Scrollwork is a variant that tended to replace strapwork, almost completely so by the"
"Wreath (attire) A wreath worn for purpose of attire (in English, a ""chaplet""; , ), , is a headdress made of leaves, grasses, flowers or branches. It is typically worn in festive occasions and on holy days and has a long history and association with ancient pageants and ceremonies. Outside of occasional use, the wreath can also be used as a crown, or a mark of honour. The wreath most often has an annular geometric construction. The wreath is associated with Greek attire and celebrations since ancient times, continuing a tradition to the modern day Olympic ceremonies. Ancient coinage minted"