"are known to have been present at the Council of Arles (314). Others attended the Council of Serdica in 347 and that of Ariminum in 360. A number of references to the church in Roman Britain are also found in the writings of 4th century Christian fathers. Britain was the home of Pelagius, who opposed Augustine of Hippo's doctrine of original sin. The first recorded Christian martyr in Britain, St Alban, is thought to have lived in the early 4th century, and his prominence in English hagiography is reflected in the number of parish churches of which he is patron."
"Saint Alban Saint Alban (; ) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an early date from Roman Britain (""Amphibalus"" was the name given much later to the priest he was said to have been protecting). He is traditionally believed to have been beheaded in the Roman city of Verulamium (modern St Albans) sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, and his cult has been celebrated there since ancient times. According to the most"
"Thomas Hitton Thomas Hitton (died 1530) is generally considered to be the first English Protestant martyr of the Reformation, although the followers of Wycliffe - the Lollards - had been burned at the stake as early as 1519. Hitton was a priest who had joined William Tyndale and the English exiles in the Low Countries. He returned to England on a brief visit in 1529 to contact the supporters of Tyndale and to arrange for the distribution of smuggled books such as the first English Psalter translated by George Joye. He was seized near Gravesend on his way to the"
"the first British Christian martyr and by far the most prominent, is believed to have died in the early 4th century (some date him in the middle 3rd century), followed by Saints Julius and Aaron of Isca Augusta. Christianity was legalised in the Roman Empire by Constantine I in 313. Theodosius I made Christianity the state religion of the empire in 391, and by the 5th century it was well established. One belief labelled a heresy by the church authorities — Pelagianism — was originated by a British monk teaching in Rome: Pelagius lived 354 to 420/440. A letter found"
"the case. He criticized George Joye for canonizing Hitton: Hitton believed in the supremacy of the Scriptures. He also argued that, whilst baptism was necessary and marriage was good, neither had to be done by a priest or in a church, and that baptism ""would be much better if it were spoken in English"". Thomas Hitton Thomas Hitton (died 1530) is generally considered to be the first English Protestant martyr of the Reformation, although the followers of Wycliffe - the Lollards - had been burned at the stake as early as 1519. Hitton was a priest who had joined William"
"Thomas Garnet Saint Thomas Garnet (c.1575 – 23 June 1608) was a Jesuit priest who was executed in London. He is the protomartyr (i.e., the first martyr associated with a place) of Saint Omer and therefore of Stonyhurst College. He was executed at Tyburn and is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. Thomas Garnet was born into a prominent family in Southwark. His uncle, Henry Garnet, was the superior of the Jesuits in England. Richard Garnet, Thomas's father, was at Balliol College, Oxford, at the time when great severity began to be used against Catholics. His example"
"Julius and Aaron Saint Aaron and Saint Julius (or Julian) were two Romano-British Christian saints who were martyred around the third century. Along with Saint Alban, they are the only named Christian martyrs from Roman Britain. Most historians place the martyrdom in Caerleon, although other suggestions have placed it in Chester or Leicester. Their feast day was traditionally celebrated on 1 July, but it is now observed together with Alban on 20 June by the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches. The earliest surviving account of Aaron and Julius comes from Gildas, a monk writing in Western Britain during the sixth"
"Hell for his share in Mayne's death. In fact the brother, filled with guilt for his share in the execution, has not only converted to the Roman Catholic faith but is risking his life by sheltering other priests. Cuthbert Mayne Cuthbert Mayne (c. 1543–29 November 1577) was an English Roman Catholic priest executed under the laws of Elizabeth I. He was the first of the seminary priests, trained on the Continent, to be martyred. Mayne was beatified in 1886 and canonised as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales in 1970. Mayne was born at Youlston, near Barnstaple"
"England, there is a painting depicting the martyrdom of the three priors. After his death, his body was chopped to pieces and hung in different parts of London. He was beatified on 9 December 1886 and canonized on 25 October 1970. John Houghton (martyr) Saint John Houghton, O.Cart., (c. 1486 – 4 May 1535) was a Carthusian hermit and Catholic priest and the first English Catholic martyr to die as a result of the Act of Supremacy by King Henry VIII of England. He was also the first member of his Order to die as a martyr. Born around 1487,"
"Saint Stephen Stephen ( ""Stéphanos"", meaning ""wreath, crown"" and by extension ""reward, honor"", often given as a title rather than as a name, ), (c. AD 5 – c. AD 34) traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity, was according to the Acts of the Apostles a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who aroused the enmity of members of various synagogues by his teachings. Accused of blasphemy, at his trial, he made a long speech denouncing the Jewish authorities who were sitting in judgment on him and was then stoned to death. His martyrdom was"
"John Houghton (martyr) Saint John Houghton, O.Cart., (c. 1486 – 4 May 1535) was a Carthusian hermit and Catholic priest and the first English Catholic martyr to die as a result of the Act of Supremacy by King Henry VIII of England. He was also the first member of his Order to die as a martyr. Born around 1487, he was (according to one of his fellow Carthusians) educated at Cambridge, but cannot be identified among surviving records. Similarly, no certain records can be found of his ordination. He joined the London Charterhouse in 1516, progressed to be sacristan in"
"at the same time as that of Saint Alban the first British martyr, who was killed in the Roman city of Verulamium (beside modern-day St Albans). He writes: This city of the legions is identified with Caerleon, rather than Chester, because there were two medieval chapels there dedicated to each of these martyrs. They were probably executed in 304, during the religious persecutions of Diocletian's reign. However, these chapels may have been founded as a result of Bede's writings and cannot be dated archaeologically any earlier than the church of St John's in Chester which is also situated next to"
"is commemorated in Glastonbury Abbey. Many of the early Church fathers wrote of the presence of Christianity in Roman Britain, with Tertullian stating ""those parts of Britain into which the Roman arms had never penetrated were become subject to Christ"". Saint Alban, who was executed in AD 209, is the first Christian martyr in the British Isles. The historian Heinrich Zimmer writes that ""Just as Britain was a part of the Roman Empire, so the British Church formed (during the fourth century) a branch of the Catholic Church of the West; and during the whole of that century, from the"
"The first three were beatified on 22 November 1987 by Pope John Paul II. Abbot was declared a martyr and pronounced Venerable by Pope Leo XIII in 1886. He was beatified in 1929 by Pope Pius XI as part of a group of 137 citizens of England and Wales who met that same fate. Henry Abbot (martyr) Henry Abbot (died 4 July 1597) was an English layman, himself a convert from the Church of England, who was executed at York for the alleged attempt to convert someone to the Catholic Church, which had been declared an act of treason under"
"might depend on its wealthier members for their ceremonial material. Some mosaic floors are likely to depict Christian imagery. Most Romano-British Christians were probably illiterate and most of their knowledge of Christianity would have come through ceremony. There are three known Christian martyrs from Roman Britain: Aaron, Julius, and Alban. There has been considerable debate among historians as to when these individuals lived and died. The name Aaron is Hebrew and might suggest an individual of Jewish heritage. Aaron and Julius were probably martyred in a single event during the third century. This likely occurred before c.290, when the legions"
"takes its name from the first British saint, Alban. The most elaborate version of his story, Bede's ""Ecclesiastical History of the English People"", relates that he lived in Verulamium, sometime during the 3rd or 4th century, when Christians were suffering persecution. Alban met a Christian priest fleeing from his persecutors and sheltered him in his house, where he became so impressed with the priest's piety that he converted to Christianity. When the authorities searched Alban's house, he put on the priest's cloak and presented himself in place of his guest. Consequently, he was sentenced to endure the punishments that were"
"Alban's Abbey, which contained the relics of England's first Christian martyr; Ripon, with the shrine of its founder St. Wilfrid; Durham, which was built to house the body of Saints Cuthbert of Lindisfarne and Aidan; Ely, with the shrine of St. Etheldreda; Westminster Abbey, with the magnificent shrine of its founder St. Edward the Confessor; and Chichester, which held the honoured remains of St. Richard. All these saints brought pilgrims to their churches, but among them the most renowned was Thomas Becket, the late Archbishop of Canterbury, who was assassinated by henchmen of King Henry II in 1170. As a"
"front. 1st Window Left St Alban, the first British Christian martyr, Centre St George, engaged in slaying the dragon, Right St Edmund King, King of the East Angles holding an arrow symbolic of his being shot for refusing to deny his Christian faith. 2nd Window Left St Cuthbert, holding a head in his hands, Centre St Benedict, holding a book probably containing his Monastic Rule followed by Benedictine monks. Right St Germanus. 3rd Window Left St Ethelbert, King who received Augustine and was converted by him, Centre St Augustine, consecrated as Archbishop of the English and established his see at"
"Thomas Hitton (England's first Protestant martyr), Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbury, James Bainham, Thomas Benet, Thomas Harding, John Frith and Andrew Hewet were burned to death. In 1531, William Tracy was posthumously convicted of heresy for denying purgatory and affirming justification by faith, and his corpse was disinterred and burned. While Protestants were only a small portion of the population, the growing rift between the King and papacy gave Protestants a new sense of confidence. Heretical ideas were openly discussed, and militant iconoclasm was seen in Essex and Suffolk between 1531 and 1532. Because they tended to oppose royal"
"at the Church's liturgy"". Saint Stephen Stephen ( ""Stéphanos"", meaning ""wreath, crown"" and by extension ""reward, honor"", often given as a title rather than as a name, ), (c. AD 5 – c. AD 34) traditionally venerated as the protomartyr or first martyr of Christianity, was according to the Acts of the Apostles a deacon in the early church at Jerusalem who aroused the enmity of members of various synagogues by his teachings. Accused of blasphemy, at his trial, he made a long speech denouncing the Jewish authorities who were sitting in judgment on him and was then stoned to"
"John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr) John Rogers (c. 1505 – 4 February 1555) was an English clergyman, Bible translator and commentator. He guided the development of the Matthew Bible in vernacular English during the reign of Henry VIII and was the first English Protestant martyr under Mary I of England who was determined to restore Roman Catholicism. Rogers was born in Deritend, an area of Birmingham then within the parish of Aston. His father was also called John Rogers and was a lorimer – a maker of bits and spurs – whose family came from Aston; his mother was"
"Christian martyrs A Christian martyr is a person who is killed because of their testimony of Jesus. In early church years, this often occurred through stoning, crucifixion, burning at the stake or other forms of torture and capital punishment. The word ""martyr"" comes from the Greek word μάρτυς, ""mártys,"" which means ""witness"" or ""testimony."" At first, the term applied to Apostles. Once Christians started to undergo persecution, the term came to be applied to those who suffered hardships for their faith. Finally, it was restricted to those who had been killed for their faith. The early Christian period before Constantine"
"Stephen Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen (Greek ""Stéphanos""), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr (or ""protomartyr"") of the Christian Church. The name ""Stephen"" (and its common variant ""Steven"") is derived from Greek (""Stéphanos""), a first name from the Greek word (""stéphanos""), meaning ""wreath, crown"" and by extension ""reward, honor"", from the verb (""stéphein""), ""to encircle, to wreathe"". In Ancient Greece, crowning wreaths (such as laurel wreaths)"
"John Adams (Catholic martyr) The Blessed John Adams (ca. 1543 – 8 October 1586) was an English Catholic priest and martyr. He was born at Winterborne St Martin in Dorset at an unknown date (ca. 1543?) and became a Protestant minister. He later entered the Catholic Church and travelled to the English College then at Rheims, arriving on 7 December 1579. He was ordained a priest at Soissons on 17 December 1580. He set out for the mission in England on 29 March 1581, but returned to Rheims and again set our for England 18 June 1583. He is known"
"Justin Martyr Justin Martyr (Latin: Iustinus Martyr) was an early Christian apologist, and is regarded as the foremost interpreter of the theory of the Logos in the 2nd century. He was martyred, alongside some of his students, and is considered a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue did survive. The ""First Apology"", his most well known text, passionately defends the morality of the Christian life, and provides various ethical and philosophical arguments to convince the Roman"
"in the Roman Empire, it developed that a martyr was one who was killed for maintaining a religious belief, ""knowing"" that this will almost certainly result in imminent death (though without intentionally seeking death). This definition of ""martyr"" is not specifically restricted to the Christian faith. Though Christianity recognizes certain Old Testament Jewish figures, like Abel and the Maccabees, as holy, and the New Testament mentions the imprisonment and beheading of John the Baptist, Jesus's possible cousin and his prophet and forerunner, the first Christian witness, after the establishment of the Christian faith (at Pentecost), to be killed for his"
"last to suffer in this way in England. Assessments include: Bartholomew Legate Bartholomew Legate (c. 157518 March 1612) was an English anti-Trinitarian martyr. Legate was born in Essex and became a dealer in cloth. In the 1590s, Bartholomew and his two brothers, Walter and Thomas, began preaching around the London area. Their unorthodox message rejected the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England and their rituals. The brothers’ views probably influenced the emergence of the Seekers. Together with his brother Thomas, he was put in prison for heresy in 1611. Thomas died in Newgate Prison, London, but Bartholomew's imprisonment was"
"Saint Peter (the first Pope) and Saint Alban (the first Christian martyr in Britain), respectively. The place, and therefore the church built there, was considered to have been sanctified (made holy) by what happened there. In modern times, the Catholic Church has continued this practice by placing in the altar of each church, when it is consecrated for use, a box (the ""sepulcrum"") containing relics of a saint. The relics box is removed when the church is taken out of use as a church. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the antimension on the altar serves a similar function. It is"
"Serapion of Algiers Saint Serapion of Algiers (1179 – 14 November 1240) was an English Roman Catholic Mercedarian priest and martyr. Thomas O'Loughlin says Serapion was Scottish by birth. Serapion is acknowledged as a proto-martyr. He was the first of his Order to merit the palm of martyrdom by being crucified and cut to pieces. It has been said that he once served in the armies of Richard the Lion-Heart and Leopold VI during the time of the Crusades. He accompanied his father during the Crusades in his childhood and was present at a battle at Acre in 1191. He"
"is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian and Origen in the first years of the 3rd century, although the first Christian communities probably were established at least some decades earlier. Initially, Christianity was but one of a number of religions: in addition to the native and syncretic local forms of paganism, Roman legionaries and immigrants introduced other cults such as Mithraism. At various times, the Christians risked persecution, although the earliest known Christian martyrs in Britain—Saint Alban and ""Amphibalus""—probably lived in the early 4th century. Julius and Aaron, citizens of Caerleon, were said to have"
"the Eucharist. Greek texts: English translations: Justin Martyr Justin Martyr (Latin: Iustinus Martyr) was an early Christian apologist, and is regarded as the foremost interpreter of the theory of the Logos in the 2nd century. He was martyred, alongside some of his students, and is considered a saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue did survive. The ""First Apology"", his most well known text, passionately defends the morality of the Christian life, and provides various ethical and"
"this church that the second Anglican female priest, and first female priest in Arizona, was ordained. In 1928, St. Alban's Chapel, an Episcopalian church, was established on the campus of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. After undergoing several name changes, St. Albans is the name of a community West of Charleston, West Virginia, the capitol of the state. Saint Alban Saint Alban (; ) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr. Along with fellow Saints Julius and Aaron, Alban is one of three named martyrs recorded at an"
"of 25 October. His feast day is celebrated on 1 December, the day of his martyrdom. Alexander Briant Saint Alexander Briant (17 August 1556 – 1 December 1581) was an English Jesuit and martyr, executed at Tyburn. He was born in Somerset, and entered Hart Hall, Oxford (now Hertford College), at an early age. While there, he became a pupil of Father Robert Parsons and he completed his studies with him at Balliol College, which, along with his association with Richard Holtby, led to his conversion. After leaving university, he entered the English College at Reims then went to the"