"libraries. Each LWP or thread itself uses traditional blocking synchronous I/O. The requisite separate per-thread stack may preclude large-scale implementations using very large numbers of threads. The separation of textual (code) and time (event) flows provides fertile ground for errors. This approach is also used in the Erlang programming language runtime system. The Erlang virtual machine uses asynchronous I/O using a small pool of only a few threads or sometimes just one process, to handle I/O from up to millions of Erlang processes. I/O handling in each process is written mostly using blocking synchronous I/O. This way high performance of"
"was originally a proprietary language within Ericsson, developed by Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding and Mike Williams in 1986, but was released as open source in 1998. Erlang/OTP is supported and maintained by the OTP product unit at Ericsson. The name ""Erlang"", attributed to Bjarne Däcker, has been presumed by those working on the telephony switches (for whom the language was designed) to be a reference to Danish mathematician and engineer Agner Krarup Erlang as well as a syllabic abbreviation of ""Ericsson Language"". Erlang was designed with the aim of improving the development of telephony applications. The initial version of Erlang"
"changed user settings soon after they are changed, so that the persistent state matches that of the running machine. No matter how an application terminates (be it a clean close or the sudden failure of a laptop battery), the state will persist. Erlang is a computer language originally built by Ericsson for fault-tolerant telephone switches. Programs are structured as modules that can be replaced (hot swapped) without having to restart the entire program. If a module crashes or needs to be updated it can be restarted or replaced without affecting any other part of the program. Within the Open Telecom"
"with the ""silhouette"" construct of DRAKON language. For Erlang, DRAKON Editor generates boilerplate code from a visual representation of a ""supervision tree"". Thanks to the nature of the free drawing principle, DRAKON Editor can produce other types of diagrams including class diagrams and sequence diagrams. DRAKON language is used in the German Aerospace Center for implementation of some critical functions dictated by the safety regulations of the flight tests, where automation is important because of maximum distance to the ground station and the process needs quick automatic execution. The DRAKON Editor software was using to graphically program flowcharts which were"
"from lab product to real applications following the collapse of the next-generation AXE exchange named ""AXE-N"" in 1995. As a result, Erlang was chosen for the next ATM exchange ""AXD"". In 1998 Ericsson announced the AXD301 switch, containing over a million lines of Erlang and reported to achieve a high availability of nine ""9""s. Shortly thereafter, Ericsson Radio Systems banned the in-house use of Erlang for new products, citing a preference for non-proprietary languages. The ban caused Armstrong and others to leave Ericsson. The implementation was open-sourced at the end of the year. Ericsson eventually lifted the ban; it re-hired"
"language. It contains: Originally named Open System, it was started by Ericsson in late 1995 as a prototype system that aimed to select from a range of appropriate programming technologies and system components, including computers, languages, databases and management systems, to support a remote access system being developed at Ericsson. In the same year, following the collapse of another gigantic C++-based project, Open System was ordered to provide support when it restarted from scratch using Erlang. The result was the highly successful AXD301 system, a new ATM switch, announced in 1998. Open System system was later named Open Telecom Platform"
"The practice of having a specific entry-point into a new version allows the programmer to transform state to what is required in the newer version. In our example we keep the state as an integer. In practice, systems are built up using design principles from the Open Telecom Platform which leads to more code upgradable designs. Successful hot code loading is a tricky subject; Code needs to be written with care to make use of Erlang's facilities. In 1998, Ericsson released Erlang as open source to ensure its independence from a single vendor and to increase awareness of the language."
"ColdFusion pages to interact with data sources, manipulate data, and display output. CFML tag syntax is similar to HTML element syntax. The Erlang Open Telecom Platform was originally designed for use inside Ericsson as a domain-specific language. The language itself offers a platform of libraries to create finite state machines, generic servers and event managers that quickly allow an engineer to deploy applications, or support libraries, that have been shown in industry benchmarks to outperform other languages intended for a mixed set of domains, such as C and C++. The language is now officially open source and can be downloaded"
"monitors (although message-passing models can and have been implemented on top of the underlying shared-memory model). Of the languages that use a message-passing concurrency model, Erlang is probably the most widely used in industry at present. Many concurrent programming languages have been developed more as research languages (e.g. Pict) rather than as languages for production use. However, languages such as Erlang, Limbo, and occam have seen industrial use at various times in the last 20 years. Languages in which concurrency plays an important role include: Many other languages provide support for concurrency in the form of libraries, at levels roughly"
"OSCON in July 2008: An Erlang function that uses recursion to count to ten: A factorial algorithm implemented in Erlang: A Fibonacci algorithm implemented in Erlang (Note: This is only for demonstrating the Erlang syntax. This algorithm is rather slow.): Quicksort in Erlang, using list comprehension: The above example recursively invokes the function codice_1 until nothing remains to be sorted. The expression codice_2 is a list comprehension, meaning ""Construct a list of elements codice_3 such that codice_3 is a member of codice_5, and codice_3 is less than codice_7."" codice_8 is the list concatenation operator. A comparison function can be used"
"mathematics, and also studied astronomy, physics and chemistry. He graduated in 1901 with an MA and over the next 7 years taught at several schools. He maintained his interest in mathematics, and received an award for a paper that he submitted to the University of Copenhagen. He was a member of the Danish Mathematicians' Association (TBMI) and through this met amateur mathematician Johan Jensen, the Chief Engineer of the Copenhagen Telephone Company (KTAS in Danish), an offshoot of the International Bell Telephone Company. Erlang worked for the CTC (KTAS) from 1908 for almost 20 years, until his death in Copenhagen"
"Armstrong in 2004. In 2006, native symmetric multiprocessing support was added to the runtime system and VM. The Erlang view of the world, as Joe Armstrong, co-inventor of Erlang, summarized in his PhD thesis: Joe Armstrong remarked in an interview with Rackspace in 2013: “If Java is 'write once, run anywhere', then Erlang is 'write once, run forever'.” In 2014, Ericsson reported Erlang was being used in its support nodes, and in GPRS, 3G and LTE mobile networks worldwide and also by Nortel and T-Mobile. As Tim Bray, director of Web Technologies at Sun Microsystems, expressed in his keynote at"
"while at Ericsson. BEAM (Erlang virtual machine) BEAM is the virtual machine at the core of the Erlang Open Telecom Platform (OTP). BEAM is part of the Erlang Run-Time System (ERTS), which compiles Erlang and Elixir source code into bytecode, which is then executed on the BEAM. BEAM bytecode files have the codice_1 file extension. Originally BEAM was short for ""Bogdan's Erlang Abstract Machine"", named after Bogumil ""Bogdan"" Hausman, who wrote the original version, but the name may also be referred to as ""Björn's Erlang Abstract Machine"", after Björn Gustavsson, who wrote and maintains the current version. Both developers worked"
"with the relation between language and thought; however, languages have been constructed to explore other aspects of language as well. In science fiction, much work has been done on the assumption popularly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. Engineered language Engineered languages (often abbreviated to engelangs, or, less commonly, engilangs) are constructed languages devised to test or prove some hypotheses about how languages work or might work. There are at least three subcategories, philosophical languages (or ideal languages), logical languages (sometimes abbreviated as ""loglangs""), and experimental languages. Raymond Brown describes engineered languages as ""languages that are designed to specified ""objective"" criteria,"
"PLEX (programming language) PLEX (Programming Language for EXchanges) is a special-purpose, concurrent, real-time programming language. The PLEX language is closely tied to the architecture of Ericsson's AXE telephone exchanges which it was designed to control. PLEX was developed by Göran Hemdahl at Ericsson in the 1970s, and it has been continuously evolving since then. PLEX was described in 2008 as ""a cross between Fortran and a macro assembler."" The language has two variants: ""Plex-C"" used for the AXE Central Processor (CP) and ""Plex-M"" used for Extension Module Regional Processors (EMRP). A system is divided into separately compiled and loaded units"
"develop and Erlang's equations cannot be used. Erlang (unit) The erlang (symbol E) is a dimensionless unit that is used in telephony as a measure of offered load or carried load on service-providing elements such as telephone circuits or telephone switching equipment. A single cord circuit has the capacity to be used for 60 minutes in one hour. Full utilization of that capacity, 60 minutes of traffic, constitutes 1 erlang. Carried traffic in erlangs is the average number of concurrent calls measured over a given period (often one hour), while offered traffic is the traffic that would be carried if"
"Engineered language Engineered languages (often abbreviated to engelangs, or, less commonly, engilangs) are constructed languages devised to test or prove some hypotheses about how languages work or might work. There are at least three subcategories, philosophical languages (or ideal languages), logical languages (sometimes abbreviated as ""loglangs""), and experimental languages. Raymond Brown describes engineered languages as ""languages that are designed to specified ""objective"" criteria, and modeled to meet those criteria"". Some engineered languages have been considered candidate global auxiliary languages, and some languages intended as international auxiliary languages have certain ""engineered"" aspects (in which they are more regular and systematic than"
"is carried in practice will depend on what happens to unanswered calls when all servers are busy. The CCITT named the international unit of telephone traffic the erlang in 1946 in honor of Agner Krarup Erlang. In Erlang's analysis of efficient telephone line usage he derived the formulae for two important cases, Erlang-B and Erlang-C, which became foundational results in teletraffic engineering and queueing theory. His results, which are still used today, relate quality of service to the number of available servers. Both formulae take offered load as one of their main inputs (in erlangs), which is often expressed as"
"of Cω (a.k.a. Comega) in 2004. Scala Joins is a library to use Join-Pattern with Scala in the context of extensible pattern matching in order to integrate joins into an existing actor-based concurrency framework. Erlang is a language which natively supports the concurrent, real time and distributed paradigm. Concurrency between processes was complex, that's why the project build a new language, JErlang (""J"" stands for ""Join"") using based on the Join-calculus. ""Join-patterns can be used to easily encode related concurrency idioms like actors and active objects."" class SymmetricBarrier { public readonly Synchronous.Channel Arrive; public SymmetricBarrier(int n) { var j ="
"languages. Some typical jokelangs are: An experimental language is a constructed language designed for the purpose of exploring some theory of linguistics. Most such languages are concerned with the relation between language and thought; however, languages have been constructed to explore other aspects of language as well. In science fiction, much work has been done on the assumption popularly known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis. Artlangs of this type overlap with engineered languages. See list of constructed languages for a list. Artistic language An artistic language, or artlang, is a constructed language designed for aesthetic pleasure. Language can be artistic to"
"Agner Krarup Erlang Agner Krarup Erlang (1 January 1878 – 3 February 1929) was a Danish mathematician, statistician and engineer, who invented the fields of traffic engineering and queueing theory. By the time of his relatively early death at the age of 51, Erlang had created the field of telephone networks analysis. His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of modern telecommunication network studies. Erlang was"
"permits easy representation of transactions as a natural feature of Erlang by allowing developers to utilize a single language throughout an application. Erlang is a functional language. Mnesia builds on this to obtain ACID transaction support. The functional block which is run as a transaction is a commonplace Erlang construct called a ""Functional Object"" (or ""Fun"") and is called by the single Mnesia statement codice_1. This can lead to clearer source code than the paired codice_2 / codice_3 syntax of SQL, and so avoids its problem of unclosed transactions within a procedure. Again as a result of the functional nature"
"Eurolengo Eurolengo is a constructed language invented by Leslie Jones in 1972. He intended that it would become a common European language, ""intended as a practical tool for business and tourism."" The vocabulary consists of words borrowed from English and Spanish and made to conform to a consistent phonetic and orthographic system. Critics find a Spanglish flavor to the language, and that ""reading is only straightforward if the requisite languages (in this case English and Spanish) are already familiar."" Auxiliary languages in general, and regional ones such as Eurolengo in particular, have faced little support from the international community. As"
"language. The name Zlango is a combination of lingo, slang, and language, with the letter Z as homage to Esperanto creator L. L. Zamenhof. On February 2007, Zlango Ltd. announced that it raised $12 million from the VCs Benchmark and Accel. Zlango Ltd. was based in Tel Aviv and had around 40 employees at its peak. The company ceased to operate in 2014. Zlango's products were released in many countries, as well as over the Web, in many forms. Zlango's mobile application was released in the following territories: Apart from Zlango's website, Zlango also had an ICQ plug-in in several"
"Erlang (unit) The erlang (symbol E) is a dimensionless unit that is used in telephony as a measure of offered load or carried load on service-providing elements such as telephone circuits or telephone switching equipment. A single cord circuit has the capacity to be used for 60 minutes in one hour. Full utilization of that capacity, 60 minutes of traffic, constitutes 1 erlang. Carried traffic in erlangs is the average number of concurrent calls measured over a given period (often one hour), while offered traffic is the traffic that would be carried if all call-attempts succeeded. How much offered traffic"
"Lango (app) Lango, originally known as Zlango, was an icon-based ""language"" (actually a logographic writing system) built for web and mobile messaging. Zlango Ltd., the Israeli company which created and owned Zlango, released a Java and Brew application for mobile phones that used the Zlango icon language to create a new form of SMS, called ZMS, using Zlango's icons instead of words. Zlango was created in 2004 by Yoav Lorch, an author and playwright, as an attempt to shorten text messages. When he found that abbreviated texts only removed 20% of letters, he decided to enter the field of pictographic"
"correlate highly with other well-known oral proficiency interview tests such as ACTFL OPIs or ILR OPIs. The usefulness of Versant products has been challenged by a third party. Versant The Versant suite of tests are computerized tests of spoken language available from Pearson PLC. Versant tests were the first fully automated tests of spoken language to use advanced speech processing technology (including speech recognition) to assess the spoken language skills of non-native speakers. The Versant language suite includes tests of English, Spanish, Dutch, French, Arabic, and Mandarin. Versant technology has also been applied to the assessment of Aviation English, children’s"
"application stack. This is akin to LAMP, but based on Erlang. Implementation in Erlang confers an efficiency benefit because of the use of a single virtual machine throughout an application. LYME makes use of this, since the Yaws web server is also implemented in Erlang. Address space is shared (although safely so, under Erlang) between code and data, including Mnesia's table data. Mnesia and Erlang were developed by the Ericsson Computer Science Laboratory. They have been released as open source software. Mnesia is released under a derivative of the Mozilla Public License. Since OTP 18.0 they are published according to"
"represent mappings, two of the most common in the standard library are keylists and dictionaries. Keylists are lists of tuples, where the first element of each tuple is a key, and the second is a value. Functions for operating on keylists are provided in the codice_12 module. Accessing an element of the keylist can be done with the codice_13 function: Dictionaries are implemented in the codice_14 of the standard library. A new dictionary is created using the codice_15 function and new key/value pairs are stored using the codice_16 function: Such a serial initialization would be more idiomatically represented in Erlang"
"conjunction with the expected duration of incoming calls to produce information about the traffic load measured in erlangs. This can be used to determine the probability of packet loss or delay, according to various assumptions made about whether blocked calls are aborted (Erlang B formula) or queued until served (Erlang C formula). The Erlang-B and C formulae are still in everyday use for traffic modeling for applications such as the design of call centers. It has also been used in business economics for describing interpurchase times. The Erlang distribution is the distribution of the sum of ""k"" independent and identically"
"praising EEL. Epsilon (text editor) Epsilon is a programmer's text editor modelled after Emacs. It resembles Emacs not only in its default keybindings and layout, but also in the fact that it has a Turing-complete extension language in which much of its functionality is implemented. Unlike Emacs, Epsilon's extension language, EEL (Epsilon Extension Language) is a dialect of C rather than a dialect of Lisp. Epsilon runs on DOS, Microsoft Windows, Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and OS/2. Epsilon is a commercial product sold by Lugaru Software. It was first released in 1984, long before Emacs was available on personal"
"Jones' Eurolengo, which mixes elements of English and Spanish. Loglan (1955) and its descendants constitute a pragmatic return to the aims of the ""a priori"" languages, tempered by the requirement of usability of an auxiliary language. Thus far, these modern ""a priori"" languages have garnered only small groups of speakers. Robot Interaction Language (2010) is a spoken language that is optimized for communication between machines and humans. The major goals of ROILA are that it should be easily learnable by the human user, and optimized for efficient recognition by computer speech recognition algorithms. Language can be artistic to the extent"
"designer of the programming languages Euler, Algol W, Pascal, Modula, Modula-2, Oberon, Oberon-2, and Oberon-07, and Component Pascal. He was also a major part of the design and implementation team for the Lilith and Oberon operating systems, and for the Lola digital hardware design and simulation system. He received the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Turing Award for the development of these languages in 1984 and in 1994 he was inducted as a Fellow of the ACM. His book, written jointly with Kathleen Jensen, ""The Pascal User Manual and Report"", served as the basis of many language implementation efforts in"