"Passage, south of Cape Horn – the body of water between the southern tip of South America at Cape Horn, Chile and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. It connects the southwestern part of the Atlantic Ocean (Scotia Sea) with the southeastern part of the Pacific Ocean and extends into the Southern Ocean. The passage is named after the 16th-century English privateer, Francis Drake, who was the first to discover it in 1578. Most sailing ship captains preferred the Drake Passage, which is open water for hundreds of miles, despite being often marked by very rough conditions and high winds."
"century earlier, after a gale had pushed them south from the entrance of the Strait of Magellan, the crew of the Spanish navigator Francisco de Hoces thought they saw a land's end and possibly inferred this passage in 1525. For this reason, some Spanish and Latin American historians and sources call it Mar de Hoces after Francisco de Hoces. The first recorded voyage through the passage was that of ""Eendracht"", captained by the Dutch navigator Willem Schouten in 1616, naming Cape Horn in the process. The wide passage between Cape Horn and Livingston Island is the shortest crossing from Antarctica"
"(2005) commemorates his landing on Cape Horn on 19 April 1830. Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot wrote a song entitled ""Ghosts of Cape Horn"" In 1980 Keith F. Critchlow directed and produced the documentary film ""Ghosts of Cape Horn"", with the participation and archaeological consulting of famous underwater archaeologist Peter Throckmorton. Cape Horn Cape Horn (, ) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America (which are the Diego Ramírez Islands), Cape Horn marks the northern boundary of the"
"Chilean Antarctic Territory The Chilean Antarctic Territory or Chilean Antarctica (Spanish: ""Territorio Chileno Antártico"", ""Antártica Chilena"") is the territory in Antarctica claimed by Chile. The Chilean Antarctic Territory ranges from 53° West to 90° West and from the South Pole to the 60° South parallel, partially overlapping the Argentine and British Antarctic claims. It is administered by the Cabo de Hornos municipality in the South American mainland. The territory claimed by Chile covers the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, called """"O'Higgins Land"""" ""(""Tierra de O'Higgins"" in Spanish)"" in Chile, and adjacent islands, the Alexander Island, Charcot Island, and part of"
"which was built in 1913 and replaced several times since then due to the harsh weather. Cape Froward Cape Froward () () is the southernmost point of mainland South America. It is located in the Magallanes Region of Chile, along the north shore of Magellan Strait, being the southern tip of the Brunswick Peninsula. In January 1587, the English corsair Thomas Cavendish named the place after the region's rough climate (strong rains and winds). A large metallic cross (""Cruz de los Mares"", Cross of the Seas) was built on the cape's hill in honor of Pope John Paul II's visit"
"without which there is no main island to be seen to the southwards but that the Atlantic Ocean and the South Sea meet."" This open sea south of Cape Horn became known as the Drake Passage even though Drake himself did not traverse it. On 14 June 1615, Willem Schouten, with two ships ""Eendracht"" and ""Hoorn"", set sail from Texel in the Netherlands in search of a western route to the Pacific. ""Hoorn"" was lost in a fire, but ""Eendracht"" continued southward. On 29 January 1616, Schouten reached what he discerned to be the southernmost cape of the South American"
"Cape Timblón Cape Timblón is the conspicuous rocky cape forming the north extremity of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is a northwest entrance point for Morton Strait. The area was visited by 19th century sealers. The feature is named after Captain Carlos Timblón, Master of the Argentine sealing ship ""San Juán Nepomuceno"" that visited the South Shetlands in 1819-20. The cape is located at which is 7 km west-northwest of President Head, 10.3 km northeast of Byewater Point, 7.16 km south by west of Benson Point, Rugged Island and 8.39 km southwest of Devils Point, Livingston"
"Island (British mapping in 1968, Bulgarian in 2009). Cape Timblón Cape Timblón is the conspicuous rocky cape forming the north extremity of Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is a northwest entrance point for Morton Strait. The area was visited by 19th century sealers. The feature is named after Captain Carlos Timblón, Master of the Argentine sealing ship ""San Juán Nepomuceno"" that visited the South Shetlands in 1819-20. The cape is located at which is 7 km west-northwest of President Head, 10.3 km northeast of Byewater Point, 7.16 km south by west of Benson Point, Rugged Island"
"Cape Froward Cape Froward () () is the southernmost point of mainland South America. It is located in the Magallanes Region of Chile, along the north shore of Magellan Strait, being the southern tip of the Brunswick Peninsula. In January 1587, the English corsair Thomas Cavendish named the place after the region's rough climate (strong rains and winds). A large metallic cross (""Cruz de los Mares"", Cross of the Seas) was built on the cape's hill in honor of Pope John Paul II's visit to Chile in 1987. It is the latest cross located on the site, the first of"
"in operation since February 18, 1948. It is located on Puerto Covadonga and it is the official communal capital. Chilean Antarctic Territory The Chilean Antarctic Territory or Chilean Antarctica (Spanish: ""Territorio Chileno Antártico"", ""Antártica Chilena"") is the territory in Antarctica claimed by Chile. The Chilean Antarctic Territory ranges from 53° West to 90° West and from the South Pole to the 60° South parallel, partially overlapping the Argentine and British Antarctic claims. It is administered by the Cabo de Hornos municipality in the South American mainland. The territory claimed by Chile covers the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, called """"O'Higgins"
"Hua Hum Pass Hua Hum Pass ( ) is an international mountain pass in the Andes between Chile and Argentina. The pass takes its name from the Hua Hum River that flows from Argentina into Chile at the site of the border crossing. Even though the pass does not go through the continental divide, it crosses the highest peaks of the cordillera. The Hua Hum Pass is one of the lowest passes of the southern Andes at 659 meters above sea level, which means that unlike other nearby Chile-Argentina passes it never closes due to snow fall and is open"
"mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009). Guayaquil Bay Guayaquil Bay is the 2.59 km wide bay indenting for 1.25 km the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and entered between Agüedo Point and Orión Point. The bay is used by ships servicing the Ecuadorian Antarctic base Pedro Vicente Maldonado situated 560 m south-southwest of Orión Point. The area was visited by 19th century sealers operating from nearby Clothier Harbour. The feature is named after the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador from where the Second Ecuadorian Antarctic Expedition"
"is separated by Orión Passage (British mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1998, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009). Agüedo Point Agüedo Point is the point forming the north extremity of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and the west side of the entrance to Guayaquil Bay. An adjacent ice-free area of , the western part of which features a minor point situated 1 km west of Agüedo Point and forming the east side of the entrance to Skaptopara Cove. The point is located at which is 3.2 km west of Spark Point, 2.72 km northeast of Mount Plymouth,"
"of Dutch privateers in the seas to the south of Chile. Historians conjecture that they penetrated to a latitude of (64° S) in the Southern Ocean, south of Drake Passage. If correct, this would be the farthest south that anyone had travelled, at that time. Subsequently, several merchant vessels reported being blown south of 60° S rounding Cape Horn in severe weather. Gabriel de Castilla Gabriel de Castilla (1577 – c. 1620) was a Spanish explorer and navigator. A native of Palencia, it has been argued that he was an early explorer of Antarctica. In March 1603, Castilla was at"
"the southernmost tip of South America, lies only about away across the Drake Passage. The Antarctic Peninsula is currently dotted with numerous research stations and nations have made multiple claims of sovereignty. The peninsula is part of disputed and overlapping claims by Argentina, Chile and the United Kingdom. None of these claims have international recognition and, under the Antarctic Treaty System, the respective countries do not attempt to enforce their claims. The British claim is recognised though by Australia, France, New Zealand and Norway. Argentina has the most bases and personnel stationed on the peninsula. The first sighting of the"
"natural point in Central America at the Isthmus of Rivas at in Nicaragua. In Panama, the Canal cuts through it at 85 ft (26 m). The Divide continues into South America, where it follows the peaks of the Andes Mountains, traversing western Colombia, central Ecuador, western and southwestern Peru, and eastern Chile (essentially conforming to the Chile-Bolivia and Chile-Argentina boundaries), southward to the southern end of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. In North America, another, mainly non-mountainous divide, the Laurentian Divide (or Northern Divide), further separates the Hudson Bay-Arctic Ocean drainage region from the Atlantic watershed region. Secondary divides separate"
"Le Maire Strait The Le Maire Strait (""Estrecho de le Maire"") (also the Straits Lemaire) is a sea passage between Isla de los Estados and the eastern extremity of the Argentine portion of Tierra del Fuego. Jacob Le Maire and Willem Schouten discovered the strait in 1616, while attempting to find a navigation link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and shortly before their discovery of Cape Horn. The strait was named in honor of Le Maire. The Le Maire Strait has been Argentine controlled, but has been a historical access route for Chilean vessels, under international maritime law. The"
"Treaty Consultative Meeting. Maxwell Bay (Antarctica) Maxwell Bay, also called Fildes Bay (in Chile) and Guardia Nacional Bay (in Argentina) is a bay long, lying between King George Island and Nelson Island, in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica. The main entrance to the bay is at the south-east side and is wide open; Fildes Strait on the north-west side is encumbered by rocks and is only navigable by boats. The name ""Maxwells Straits"" was given to this bay and to Fildes Strait by British sealing captain James Weddell in 1822–24, for Lieutenant Francis Maxwell who had served with Weddell"
"Hornos Island Hornos Island () is a Chilean island at the southern tip of South America. The island is mostly known for being the location of Cape Horn. It is generally considered South America's southernmost island, but the Diego Ramírez Islands are farther south. The island is one of the Hermite Islands, part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. The Chilean Navy maintains a station on the island, consisting of a residence, utility building, chapel, and lighthouse. A short distance from the main station is a memorial, including a large sculpture featuring the silhouette of an albatross, in honour of"
"and the less-studied pygmy right whales. Beagle Channel Beagle Channel () is a strait in Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina. The channel separates the larger main island of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego from various smaller islands including the islands of Picton, Lennox and Nueva; Navarino; Hoste; Londonderry; and Stewart. The channel's eastern area forms part of the border between Chile and Argentina and the western area is entirely within Chile. The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open-ocean Drake Passage to the"
"Waterboat Point Waterboat Point () is the low westernmost termination of the peninsula between Paradise Harbor and Andvord Bay on the west coast of Graham Land. This feature has ""island"" characteristics, but it is only separated from the mainland at high water and is more usefully described as a ""point"". Chile's González Videla Antarctic Base is located at Waterboat Point. The coast in this vicinity was first roughly surveyed by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition in 1898. The point was surveyed and given its name by Thomas W. Bagshawe and Maxime C. Lester who lived here, in a hut improvised from"
"in 1968, Spanish in 1991, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009. M'Kean Point M'Kean Point on the southeast coast of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is formed by an offshoot of Kalofer Peak. The point separates the termini of Srebarna Glacier to the southwest and Magura Glacier to the north-northeast. The point is named after Captain J. M'Kean, Master of the British Indian sealing vessel ""Princess Charlotte"" that visited the area in 1821-22. The point is located at which is 17.32 km east-northeast of Botev Point, 2.6 km northeast of Aytos Point, 3.3 km southeast of Great"
"Point, Robert Island. British mapping in 1968, Chilean in 1971, Argentine in 1980, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009. Santa Cruz Point Santa Cruz Point, also ""Spencer Bluff"", is a rocky point forming the east extremity of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and the southwest side of the entrance to English Strait. Surmounted by Bogdan Ridge on the west. The name appears on a 1949 Argentine chart, probably for the Argentine vessel ""Santa Cruz"" that visited the South Shetlands in 1948. The point is located at which is 4.9 km north by east of Fort Point, 6.35"
"Cabo de Hornos, is part of the Antártica Chilena Province of the Magallanes y Antártica Chilena Region, Chile. False Cape Horn False Cape Horn or Falso Cabo de Hornos is a headland at the south end of Hoste Island, 35 statute miles (56 km) northwest of Cape Horn, located at . False Cape Horn is the southernmost point of the large islands of the Tierra del Fuego group, located close to the mainland of South America. At least 100 ships were lost in the Cape Horn area between 1850 and 1900. There were three sailing routes through or around the"
"Argentina Cove Argentina Cove is a 1.28 km wide embayment indenting for 330 m the southeast coast of Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is part of South Bay, entered between Polish Bluff and Henry Bluff. The area was frequented by early 19th century sealers operating from nearby Johnsons Dock. The feature was mapped and named by the Spanish Antarctic Expedition in 1991. The cove's midpoint is located at which is 3.3 km south-southwest of Hespérides Point and 5.84 km north-northeast of Miers Bluff (British mapping in and 1968, detailed Spanish mapping in 1991, and"
"continent; he named this point ""Kaap Hoorn"" (Cape Horn) after his hometown and his lost ship. Schouten's navigational readings are inaccurate—he placed Cape Horn at 57°48' south, when its actual position is 55°58'. His claim to have reached 58° south is unverified, although he sailed on westward to become the first European navigator to reach the Pacific via the Drake Passage. The next recorded navigation of the Drake Passage was achieved in February 1619, by the brothers Bartolome and Gonzalo Garcia de Nodal. The Garcia de Nodal expedition discovered a small group of islands about south-west of Cape Horn, at"
"a ""Transaction"" Excepting articles 1 to 6, which define a comprehensive body of legislation regarding dispute resolution, the other provisions shall not affect in any way, nor may they be interpreted in any way, that can affect, directly or indirectly, the sovereignty, rights, juridical positions of the Parties, or the boundaries in Antarctica or in its adjacent maritime areas, including the seabed and subsoil. The international maritime border is the line ABCDEF. Westward are Chilean waters, eastward are Argentine waters. Both countries mutually recognized its baselines. (The Chilean Baseline can be seen here). From the Cape Horn Meridian (67°16',0 West)"
"its narrowest point (Carlos III Island, west of Cape Froward). The northwestern portion of the strait is connected with other sheltered waterways via the Smyth Channel. This area is similar to the Inside Passage of Alaska. South of Cape Froward, the principal shipping route follows the Magdalena Channel. The eastern opening is a wide bay on the border of Chile and Argentina between Punta Dúngeness on the mainland and Cabo del Espíritu Santo (Cape of the Holy Spirit) on Tierra del Fuego, the border as defined in the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina. Immediately"
"Beagle Channel Beagle Channel () is a strait in Tierra del Fuego Archipelago on the extreme southern tip of South America between Chile and Argentina. The channel separates the larger main island of Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego from various smaller islands including the islands of Picton, Lennox and Nueva; Navarino; Hoste; Londonderry; and Stewart. The channel's eastern area forms part of the border between Chile and Argentina and the western area is entirely within Chile. The Beagle Channel, the Straits of Magellan to the north, and the open-ocean Drake Passage to the south are the three navigable passages"
"The first stretches from the Chile Triple Junction in the Chile Trench at 46°S to the western Straits of Magellan at 52°S. Since 15 Ma, the oceanic crust of the Antarctic plate is being slowly subducted () under South America along this trench which is currently extending northward. In the central part, between the Straits of Magellan and the South Sandwich Trench, the two large continental plates are separated by the Scotia Plate and a number of smaller plates east of it. During the past 40 Ma (or since the opening of the Drake Passage) the South Sandwich Trench has"
"Chelech (Ind.) and Carolina Goic (PDC) as part of the 19th senatorial constituency (Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region). Cabo de Hornos, Chile Cabo de Hornos, Chile is a Chilean commune located in the south of Tierra del Fuego archipelago, in Antártica Province, Magallanes Region. The municipality of Cabo de Hornos, located in the town of Puerto Williams, also administers the Antártica commune. It is named for Cabo de Hornos, or ""Cape Horn"", the southern tip of South America.. According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Cabo de Hornos spans an area of and has 2,262 inhabitants"
"1951, British in 1968, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009). Sotos Point Sotos Point is a glaciated point projecting 180 m into the southeast part of Discovery Bay, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and forming the east side of the entrance to ""Montecinos Cove"" (). Sotos Point was named by the 1949-50 Chilean Antarctic Expedition after several members of the expedition with the surname Soto, while Montecinos Cove was named by the 1947 Chilean Antarctic Expedition after a member of the expedition. The point is located at which is 3.3 km south by west of Ash Point"
"4.45 km south of Hespérides Point (Detailed Spanish mapping in 1991, and Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009). Hurd Ice Cap Hurd Ice Cap is the ice cap covering the central area of southern Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It extends 4.5 km in northeast-southwest direction and 3.7 km in northwest-southeast direction, and drains both into South Bay to the northwest and into False Bay to the southeast. Its summit point has been nicknamed named ""Dorotea"" by personnel of the nearby Spanish base Juan Carlos Primero and rises to 332 m. The feature receives its"