"forms are found in two other Germanic languages. The Old Saxon Christian poem ""Heliand"" (early or mid 9th century) presents (and perhaps personifies) ""mudspelli"" (""mutspelli"") as a destructive force, coming as a thief in the night, and associated with the end of the world. In Old Norse, ""Muspellr"" occurs as a proper name, apparently that of the progenitor or leader of a band of fighters ('Muspellr's sons'), who are led by fiery Surtr against the gods at Ragnarök (a series of events heralding the death of major deities, including Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr and Loki). The oldest known occurrences are"
"the gods. While often translated as ""giants"", most are described as being roughly human sized. Some are portrayed as huge, such as frost giants (""hrímþursar""), fire giants (""eldjötnar""), and mountain giants (""bergrisar""). The giants are the origin of most of various monsters in Norse mythology (e.g. the Fenrisulfr), and in the eventual battle of Ragnarök the giants will storm Asgard and fight them, until the world is destroyed. Even so, the gods themselves were related to the giants by many marriages, and there are giants such as Ægir, Loki, Mímir, and Skaði, who bear little difference in status to them."
"east in Old Norse sources, yet Surtr is described as being from the south, and that this ""surely has to do with his association with fire and heat"". Simek says that ""in Iceland Surtr was obviously thought of as being a mighty giant who ruled the powers of (volcanic) fire of the Underworld"", and Simek theorizes that the notion of Surtr as an enemy of the gods likely did not originate in Iceland. Simek compares Surtr to the jötnar Eldr, Eimnir, Logi, and Brandingi, noting that they all appear to be personifications of fire. Scholar Bertha Phillpotts theorizes that the"
"Fornjót In Norse mythology, Fornjót (Old Norse: ""Fornjótr"") was an ancient giant and king of """"Gotland, Kænland and Finnland"""" meaning Gotland, Kvenland and Finland Proper. His children are Ægir (the ruler of the sea), Logi (fire giant) and Kári (god of wind). The name has often been interpreted as ""forn-jótr"" ""ancient giant"", and Karl Simrock (1869) because of this identified Fornjotr with the primeval giant Ymir. But it is also possible, as was suggested by Peter Erasmus Müller (1818), that it is one of a well-established group of names or titles of gods in ""-njótr"" ""user, owner, possessor"", which would"
"tree based on ""Historia Norwegiæ"", ""Ynglinga saga"", ""Beowulf"" and other Old Norse sources. The names of Swedish kings are shown in bold. Notes: Fornjót In Norse mythology, Fornjót (Old Norse: ""Fornjótr"") was an ancient giant and king of """"Gotland, Kænland and Finnland"""" meaning Gotland, Kvenland and Finland Proper. His children are Ægir (the ruler of the sea), Logi (fire giant) and Kári (god of wind). The name has often been interpreted as ""forn-jótr"" ""ancient giant"", and Karl Simrock (1869) because of this identified Fornjotr with the primeval giant Ymir. But it is also possible, as was suggested by Peter Erasmus"
"Mjölnir In Norse mythology, Mjölnir (; , ) is the hammer of Thor, the Norse god associated with thunder. Mjölnir is depicted in Norse mythology as one of the most fearsome and powerful weapons in existence, capable of leveling mountains. In its account of Norse mythology, the ""Prose Edda"" relates how the hammers characteristically short handle was due to a mistake during its manufacture. Similar hammers (Ukonvasara) were a common symbol of the god of thunder in other North European mythologies. Modern depictions of Mjolnir are most prevalent amongst practitioners of Heathenry (a modern Pagan religious movement) and white supremacist"
"it to ashes to make way for the new world to come. He will destroy Bifrost, the rainbow bridge, beneath his weight and that of his subjects. Surtr (Dungeons & Dragons) In the ""Dungeons & Dragons"" role-playing game, Surtr is the lord of the fire giants. His animal is the hell hound. His symbol is a flaming sword. In Norse mythology, Surtr (modern Icelandic Surtur, sometimes Anglicized Surt) is the leader of the fire giants in the south, the ruler of Muspelheim, the realm of fire. Surtr was first detailed in ""Deities and Demigods"" (1980). Surtr was detailed in the"
"Surtr (Dungeons & Dragons) In the ""Dungeons & Dragons"" role-playing game, Surtr is the lord of the fire giants. His animal is the hell hound. His symbol is a flaming sword. In Norse mythology, Surtr (modern Icelandic Surtur, sometimes Anglicized Surt) is the leader of the fire giants in the south, the ruler of Muspelheim, the realm of fire. Surtr was first detailed in ""Deities and Demigods"" (1980). Surtr was detailed in the 2nd edition ""AD&D"" book ""Legends & Lore"" (1992), including details about his priesthood. His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in ""On"
"the Scandinavian god of war Tyr; however, this theory is not widely supported today. He is mentioned several times in the Finnish national epic, Kalevala. In the second cantos he rises from the sea and burns a stack of hay. Later, a giant oak grows from the ashes. The tree grows so large that it hides the sun and the moon and is cut down. Later, Iku-Turso is summoned by Louhi, the Lady of the North, to stop the theft of the magical artefact Sampo. Väinämöinen, the leader of the plunderers, grabs Iku-Turso from his ears and using magical words"
"Glöð Glöð (""glad"" or ""glowing embers""; sometimes anglicized as Glod or Glut ) is a legendary queen who figures in the Norse ""Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar"". She is a daughter of Grímr of Grímsgarðr in Jötunheimr and his wife Alvör, the sister of King Álf the Old of Álfheimr. She is also the wife of Logi, also referred to as Hálogi, with whom she had two daughters, Eysa or Eisa (""glowing embers"") and Eimyrja (""embers""). In Norse mythology, Logi is a fire giant, god and personification of fire, mentioned in the ""Prose Edda"". By extension, Glöð, as Logi's consort, is sometimes"
"of the dead, spattering the heavens with blood. In contrast the Eddic poem ""Vafþrúðnismál"" states that Fenrir himself will destroy the sun. Snorri also names a wolf named Mánagarmr (""Moon-Hound"", or ""Moon's Dog"") as the most powerful of the giantess's progeny, and goes on to say that he will swallow the moon and gorge on the dead. This is presumably an alternate name for Hati that Snorri took from folklore. It can be anglicized as ""Managarm"", ""Manegarm"", ""Mánagarm"" or ""Managarmr"". Hati Hróðvitnisson In Norse mythology, Hati Hróðvitnisson (first name meaning ""He Who Hates"", or ""Enemy"") is a warg; a wolf"
"Hyrrokkin In Norse mythology, Hyrrokkin (""Fire-Smoked"", possibly referring to a dark, shrivelled appearance) is a giantess. She appears to be depicted on one of the surviving stones from the Hunnestad Monument near Marsvinsholm, Sweden called DR 284. It is told in Snorri Sturluson's ""Gylfaginning"" that at Baldr's funeral his wife Nanna died of grief and was placed alongside him on his pyre, thus joining her husband in Hel. Hringhorni, Baldr's ship, was the largest of all such vessels and was to serve as the god's funeral ship. No one, however, could seem to launch the boat out to sea. The"
"on the fire giant Surtr from Norse mythology and created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character first appears in ""Journey into Mystery"" #97 (Oct 1963). Surtur is a fire demon native to the extradimensional plane of Muspelheim, land of the fire demons and one of the nine worlds in Norse mythology. He first appears in the title ""Journey into Mystery"", where it is claimed he sits at the end of the world waiting for the end of time where he can slay men and gods. The character's first encounter with the Asgardian ruler Odin is told in flashback"
"funeral, Hyrrokkin is mentioned in a list of giants and giantesses killed by him, as told by Þorbjörn dísarskáld in ""Skáldskaparmál"". The poem ""Húsdrápa"", composed by Úlfr Uggason in Iceland in the late 10th century and partially preserved in the ""Prose Edda"", refers to Hyrrokkin at Baldr's funeral: She is also mentioned in a list of troll women by an anonymous skald: Hyrrokkin In Norse mythology, Hyrrokkin (""Fire-Smoked"", possibly referring to a dark, shrivelled appearance) is a giantess. She appears to be depicted on one of the surviving stones from the Hunnestad Monument near Marsvinsholm, Sweden called DR 284. It"
"character Thor, based on the Norse god, a magical hammer similarly based on the original Mjölnir plays a major role. The Marvel adaptation endowed the hammer with additional powers not attested in the original myth - especially, that when holding it Thor can fly through air at great speed. Mjölnir In Norse mythology, Mjölnir (; , ) is the hammer of Thor, the Norse god associated with thunder. Mjölnir is depicted in Norse mythology as one of the most fearsome and powerful weapons in existence, capable of leveling mountains. In its account of Norse mythology, the ""Prose Edda"" relates how"
"Ragnarök In Norse mythology, Ragnarök (; ) is a series of future events, including a great battle, foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including the Gods Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr, and Loki), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterward, the world will resurface anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors. Ragnarök is an important event in Norse mythology and has been the subject of scholarly discourse and theory throughout the"
"High German epic poem ""Muspilli"" about the Christian Last Judgment, where the word ""Muspille"" appears, and the 9th century Old Saxon epic poem ""Heliand"" about the life of Christ, where various other forms of the word appear. In both sources, the word is used to signify the end of the world through fire. Old Norse forms of the term also appear throughout accounts of Ragnarök, where the world is also consumed in flames, and, though various theories exist about the meaning and origins of the term, its etymology has not been solved. Parallels have been pointed out between the Ragnarök"
"Jötunheimr Jötunheimr (or Jǫtunheimr in Old Norse orthography; often anglicized as Jotunheim) is the homeland of the Jötnar, the giants in Norse mythology. From Jötunheimr, the giants menace the humans in Midgard and the gods in Asgard. The river Ifing (Old Norse, ""Ífingr"") separates Asgard, the realm of the gods, from Jötunheimr, the land of giants. Gastropnir, the protection wall to the home of Menglad, and Þrymheimr, home of Þjazi, were both located in Jötunheimr, which was ruled by King Thrym. Glæsisvellir was a location in Jötunheimr, where lived the giant Gudmund, father of Höfund. Utgard was a stronghold surrounding"
"somehow led to the events of the Æsir–Vanir War. Gullveig In Norse mythology, Gullveig is a being who was speared by the Æsir, burnt three times, and yet thrice reborn. Upon her third rebirth, Gullveig's name becomes Heiðr and she is described as a knowledgeable and skillful völva. Gullveig/Heiðr is solely attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material. Scholars have variously proposed that Gullveig/Heiðr is the same figure as the goddess Freyja, that Gullveig's death may have been connected to corruption by way of gold among the Æsir, and/or that Gullveig's treatment by"
"Muspelheim In Norse mythology, Muspelheim (), also called Muspell (), is a realm of fire. The etymology of ""Muspelheim"" is uncertain, but may come from ""Mund-spilli"", ""world-destroyers"", ""wreck of the world"". According to Norse myth there is said to be nine worlds. The Poetic Edda section Voluspo tells of them: ""Nine worlds: the worlds of the gods (Asgarth), of the Wanes (Vanaheim), of the elves (Alfheim), of men (Mithgarth), of the giants (Jotunheim), of fire (Muspellsheim), of the dark elves (Svartalfaheim), of the dead (Niflheim), and presumably of the dwarfs (perhaps Nithavellir, cf. stanza 37 and note, but the ninth"
"with the story and show Hymir: the Ardre VIII image stone, the Hørdum stone, and the Gosforth Cross. A stone slab that may be a portion of a second cross at Gosforth also shows a fishing scene using an ox head for bait. The legend is also depicted on the Altuna Runestone, but its image does not show Hymir, possibly due to the narrow shape of that stone. Hymir In Norse mythology, Hymir is a giant, husband of the giantess Hroðr and according to the Eddic poem ""Hymiskviða"" the father of the god Týr (in other sources, Odin is Tyr's"
"Surtr In Norse mythology, Surtr (; Old Norse ""black"" or ""the swarthy one"") is a jötunn. Surtr is attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ""Prose Edda"", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In both sources, Surtr is foretold as being a major figure during the events of Ragnarök; carrying his bright sword, he will go to battle against the Æsir, he will do battle with the major god Freyr, and afterward the flames that he brings forth will engulf the Earth. In a book from the ""Prose Edda"""
"world is uncertain). The tree: the world-ash Yggdrasil, symbolizing the universe."" Muspelheim is described as a hot and glowing land of fire, home to the fire giants, and guarded by Surtr, with his flaming sword. It is featured in both the creation and destruction stories of Norse myth. According to the Prose Edda, A great time before the earth was made, Niflheim existed. Inside Niflheim was a well called Hvergelmer, from this well flowed numerous streams known as the Elivog. Their names were Svol, Gunnthro, Form, Finbul, Thul, Slid and Hrid, Sylg and Ylg, Vid, Leipt and Gjoll. After a"
"Gullveig In Norse mythology, Gullveig is a being who was speared by the Æsir, burnt three times, and yet thrice reborn. Upon her third rebirth, Gullveig's name becomes Heiðr and she is described as a knowledgeable and skillful völva. Gullveig/Heiðr is solely attested in the ""Poetic Edda"", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material. Scholars have variously proposed that Gullveig/Heiðr is the same figure as the goddess Freyja, that Gullveig's death may have been connected to corruption by way of gold among the Æsir, and/or that Gullveig's treatment by the Æsir may have led to the Æsir–Vanir War."
"Jötunn In Norse mythology, a jötunn (; plural jötnar) is a type of entity contrasted with gods and other figures, such as dwarfs and elves. The entities are themselves ambiguously defined, variously referred to by several other terms, including risi, thurs, and ""troll"". Although the term ""giant"" is sometimes used to gloss the word ""jötunn"" and its apparent synonyms in some translations and academic texts, jötnar are not necessarily notably large and may be described as exceedingly beautiful or as alarmingly grotesque. Some deities, such as Skaði and Gerðr, are themselves described as jötnar, and various well-attested deities, such as"
"an example of a broad revival of interest in the Viking Age and ancient Germanic topics. Ragnarök In Norse mythology, Ragnarök (; ) is a series of future events, including a great battle, foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including the Gods Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr, and Loki), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterward, the world will resurface anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors. Ragnarök is an important"
"Þrúðgelmir In Norse mythology, Þrúðgelmir (; Old Norse ""Strength Yeller"") is a frost giant, the son of the primordial giant Aurgelmir (who Snorri Sturluson in ""Gylfaginning"" identifies with Ymir), and the father of Bergelmir. Þrúðgelmir had one brother and one sister, who were elder than he was. Þrúðgelmir's name is sometimes anglicized as Thrudgelmir. Þrúðgelmir appears in the poem ""Vafþrúðnismál"" from the ""Poetic Edda"". When Odin (speaking under the assumed name Gagnrad) asks who was the eldest of the Æsir or of the giants in bygone days, Vafþrúðnir answers: According to Rudolf Simek, Þrúðgelmir is identical to the six-headed son"
"Bergelmir In Norse mythology, Bergelmir ( ; Old Norse ""Mountain Yeller"" or ""Bear Yeller"") is a frost giant, the son of giant Þrúðgelmir and the grandson of Ymir (who was called Aurgelmir among giants), the first frost giant, according to stanza 29 of the poem ""Vafthrudnismal"" from the ""Poetic Edda"": According to the ""Gylfaginning"" section of the ""Prose Edda"" by Snorri Sturluson, Bergelmir and his wife alone among the giants were the only survivors of the enormous deluge of blood which flowed from Ymir's wounds when he was killed by Odin and his brothers Vili and Vé. They escaped the"
"Jörmungandr In Norse mythology, Jörmungandr (, pronounced , meaning ""huge monster""), also known as the Midgard (World) Serpent (), is a sea serpent, the middle child of the giantess Angrboða and Loki. According to the ""Prose Edda"", Odin took Loki's three children by Angrboða—the wolf Fenrir, Hel, and Jörmungandr—and tossed Jörmungandr into the great ocean that encircles Midgard. The serpent grew so large that he was able to surround the earth and grasp his own tail. As a result, he received the name of the Midgard Serpent or World Serpent. When he releases his tail, Ragnarök will begin. Jörmungandr's arch-enemy"
"the source texts. As evidenced by records of personal names and place names, the most popular god among the Scandinavians during the Viking Age was Thor, who is portrayed as unrelentingly pursuing his foes, his mountain-crushing, thunderous hammer Mjölnir in hand. In the mythology, Thor lays waste to numerous jötnar who are foes to the gods or humanity, and is wed to the beautiful, golden-haired goddess Sif. The god Odin is also frequently mentioned in surviving texts. One-eyed, wolf and raven-flanked, and spear in hand, Odin pursues knowledge throughout the worlds. In an act of self-sacrifice, Odin is described as"
"is the titanic god Prometheus, who stole fire for humans from the gods. Most forms of worship in Graeco-Roman religion involved either cooking or burning completely an animal on a fire made on an altar in front of a temple (""see"" hecatomb). Celtic mythology had Belenus, whose name, ""shining one"", associated him with fire. In Slavic mythology, Svarog, meaning ""bright and clear"", was the spirit of fire. The best known and dramatic among numerous Slavic Pagan fire rituals is the jumping over the bonfire on the Ivan Kupala Day. Fire is an element of theophany in the Hebrew Bible's burning"
"of Norse gods as examples of these functions in his 1981 essay--he finds that the Norse gods Odin and Tyr reflect the different brands of sovereignty. Odin is the author of the cosmos, and possessor of infinite esoteric knowledge--going so far as to sacrifice his eye for the accumulation of more knowledge. While Tyr--seen as the ""just god""--is more concerned with upholding justice, as illustrated by the epic myth of Tyr losing his hand in exchange for the monster Fenrir to cease his terrorization of the gods. What this tells us is that through these myths, concepts of universal wisdom"
"religion. Old Norse religion was polytheistic, entailing a belief in various gods and goddesses. Norse mythology divided these deities into two groups, the Æsir and the Vanir, who engaged in an ancient war until realising that they were equally powerful. Among the most widespread deities were the gods Odin and Thor. This world was inhabited also by various other mythological races, including giants, dwarfs, elves, and land-spirits. Norse cosmology revolved around a world tree known as Yggdrasil, with various realms existing alongside that of humans, named Midgard. These include multiple afterlife realms, several of which are controlled by a particular"