"shapes, which are full of essential oils. The mesocarp (from Greek: ""meso-"", ""middle"" + ""-carp"", ""fruit"") is the fleshy middle layer of the pericarp of a fruit; it is found between the epicarp and the endocarp. It is usually the part of the fruit that is eaten. For example, the mesocarp makes up most of the edible part of a peach, and a considerable part of a tomato. ""Mesocarp"" may also refer to any fruit that is fleshy throughout. In a hesperidium, as is found in citrus fruit, the mesocarp is also referred to as ""albedo"" or pith. It is"
"example of this can be observed in ""Hedera helix"", a species of ivy. The term pith is also used to refer to the pale, spongy inner layer of the rind, more properly called mesocarp or albedo, of citrus fruits (such as oranges) and other hesperidia. The word comes from the Old English word ""piþa"", meaning substance, akin to Middle Dutch ""pitt"", meaning the pit of a fruit. The pith of the sola or other similar plants is used to make the pith helmet. The pith of the sago palm, although highly toxic to animals in its raw form, is an"
"Umbrella term An umbrella term is a popular metaphorical phrase that covers a wide range of concepts belonging to a common category. For example, ""cryptology"" is an umbrella term that encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis, among other fields. Similarly, an umbrella organization is a central and coordinating body representing a number of smaller, separate bodies. A blanket term is a closely related word or phrase that is used to describe multiple groups of related things. The degree of relation may vary or have a minimal relationship, but blanket terms often trade specificity for ease of use. In other words, a blanket"
"Helmet A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head from injuries. More specifically, a helmet aids the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or symbolic helmets (e.g. UK policeman's helmet) without protective function are sometimes used. Soldiers wear helmets, often made from lightweight plastic materials. The word ""helmet"" is diminutive from ""helm"", a medieval word for protective combat headgear. The medieval great helm covers the whole head and often is accompanied with camail protecting throat and neck as well. Originally a ""helmet"" was a helm which covered the head only partly and protected it"
"in Vitamin C and was important because of this, and it was widely used as medicinal herb against colds and other infections. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek word for onion = κρόμμυον(phonetically crom-mee-on) and oracle = μαντεία (phonetically man-dee-ah). So the original Greek word was: Kρομμυομαντεία Ηowever, notice that in the original word there is no ""n = ν,Ν"" but two ""m = μ,Μ"" sounds, therefore it is unknown why the word was imported into English as CromNio- instead of CromMio-. Cromniomancy was historically performed across Europe, Africa and northern Asia. The sphere within a sphere of"
"Fruit hat A fruit hat is a festive and colorful hat type popularized by Carmen Miranda and associated with warm locales. This type of hat has been worn by fashionistas, in films, by comic strip characters, and for Halloween. A fashion report in ""Los Angeles Times"" from 1895 called the use of mendiant the ""newest trimming"" for hats, and noted that hats were ""tipped far over the eyes"". The Chicago Tribune reported on fruit ribbons, along with feathers, flowers, and frills, as trim for Easter hats. A report on artificial fruit used on hats was in a 1918 edition of"
"term, by itself, gives little detail about the things that it describes or the relationships between them, but it is easy to say and remember. Blanket terms may originate as slang but eventually become integrated into the general vocabulary. Umbrella term An umbrella term is a popular metaphorical phrase that covers a wide range of concepts belonging to a common category. For example, ""cryptology"" is an umbrella term that encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis, among other fields. Similarly, an umbrella organization is a central and coordinating body representing a number of smaller, separate bodies. A blanket term is a closely related"
"as a real person."" Fruit hat A fruit hat is a festive and colorful hat type popularized by Carmen Miranda and associated with warm locales. This type of hat has been worn by fashionistas, in films, by comic strip characters, and for Halloween. A fashion report in ""Los Angeles Times"" from 1895 called the use of mendiant the ""newest trimming"" for hats, and noted that hats were ""tipped far over the eyes"". The Chicago Tribune reported on fruit ribbons, along with feathers, flowers, and frills, as trim for Easter hats. A report on artificial fruit used on hats was in"
"originated with the Spanish Conquistadors. The agronomists of classical Rome already made many references to the cultivation of citrus fruits within the limits of their empire. King Louis XIV of France housed citrus in orangeries, to protect the tropical fruit to be grown in the 1600s France. The generic name originated from Latin, where it referred to either the plant now known as citron (""C. medica"") or a conifer tree (""Thuja""). It is somehow related to the ancient Greek word for cedar, κέδρος (""kédros""). This may be due to perceived similarities in the smell of citrus leaves and fruit with"
"that of cedar. Collectively, ""Citrus"" fruits and plants are also known by the Romance loanword agrumes (literally ""sour fruits""). The large citrus fruit of today evolved originally from small, edible berries over millions of years. Citrus plants diverged from a common ancestor about 15 million years ago, which was about when it diverged from the closely related severinia, for example the Chinese box orange. About 7 million years ago, citrus plants diverged into two groups, the main citrus genus and the ancestors of the Trifoliate orange (poncirus), which is closely enough related that it can still be hybridized with all"
"Gorget A gorget , from the French """" meaning throat, was originally a band of linen wrapped around a woman's neck and head in the medieval period, or the lower part of a simple chaperon hood. The term subsequently described a steel or leather collar designed to protect the throat, a set of pieces of plate armour, or a single piece of plate armour hanging from the neck and covering the throat and chest. Later, particularly from the 18th century onwards, the gorget became primarily ornamental, serving only as a symbolic accessory on military uniforms, a use which has survived"
"epidermis, whereas prickles may include cortex tissue. Trichomes are often effective defenses against small insect herbivores; thorns, spines, and prickles are usually only effective against larger herbivores like birds and mammals. ""Spinescent"" is a term describing plants that bear any sharp structures that deter herbivory. It also can refer to the state of tending to be or become spiny in some sense or degree, as in: ""...the division of the African acacias on the basis of spinescent stipules versus non-spinescent stipules..."" There are also spines derived from roots, like the ones on the trunk of the ""Root Spine Palms"" (""Cryosophila"""
"of Kraut"". Kraut Kraut is a German word recorded in English from 1918 onwards as a derogatory term for a German, particularly a German soldier during World War I and World War II. Its earlier meaning in English was as a synonym for sauerkraut, a traditional Central and Eastern European food. In German, the term means ""herb"", or designates the leaves and stem of a plant as opposed to the root. The term is more often used in compound nouns for herbs, and also for cabbage and cabbage products: The plural ""Kräuter"" is commonly used (herbs, weeds), but when talking"
"Husk Husk (or hull) in botany is the outer shell or coating of a seed. It often refers to the leafy outer covering of an ear of maize (corn) as it grows on the plant. Literally, a husk or hull includes the protective outer covering of a seed, fruit, or vegetable. It can also refer to the exuvia of bugs or small animals left behind after moulting. In cooking, hull can also refer to other waste parts of fruits and vegetables, notably the cap or sepal of a strawberry. The husk of a legume and some similar fruits is called"
"Pome In botany, a pome (derived from Latin ""pōmum"", meaning ""fruit"") is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subtribe Malinae of the family Rosaceae. The word ""pome"" entered English in the late 14th century, and referred to an apple or an apple-shaped object. It derived from the Old French word ""pome"" ""apple"" (12th century; modern French is ""pomme""), which in turn derived from the Late Latin or Vulgar Latin word ""poma"" ""apple"", originally the plural of Latin ""pomum"" ""fruit"", later ""apple"". A pome is an accessory fruit composed of one or more carpels surrounded by accessory"
"orange, according to Swingle, belongs to a citrus related genera, called Poncirus, while grapefruit equivocally belongs to the genus citrus, hence the botanical name ""X citroncirus"" is a hybrid genus, derived from citrus and poncirus. Citrumelo Citrumelo or Citromelo (""X Citroncirus"" spp.) is also called ""Swingle citrumelo trifoliate hybrid"", because it is a cold hardy citrus hybrid between a 'Duncan' grapefruit and a trifoliate orange (""Poncirus trifoliata"" (L.) Raf.), developed by Walter Tennyson Swingle. Citrumelo is widely employed as a citrus rootstock, being resistant to the severe citrus tristeza virus and to the Phytophthora foot rot as well as to"
"of a flowering plant. This is considerably different from the word's culinary meaning. While peaches, plums, and oranges are ""fruit"" in both senses, many items commonly called ""vegetables"", such as eggplants, bell peppers, and tomatoes, are botanically fruits. The question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable found its way into the United States Supreme Court in 1893. The court ruled unanimously in ""Nix v. Hedden"" that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the Tariff of 1883 on imported produce. The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically"
"systematic botany. He used eight different terms for fruits, one of which was ' or berry, distinguished from other types of fruit such as ' (drupe) and ' (pome). A ' was defined as ""'"", meaning ""unvalved solid pericarp, containing otherwise naked seeds"". The adjective ""'"" here has the sense of ""solid with tissue softer than the outside; stuffed"". A berry or ' was distinguished from a drupe and a pome, both of which also had an unvalved solid pericarp; a drupe also contained a nut (') and a pome a capsule ('), rather than the berry's naked seeds. Linnaeus'"
"Integument In biology, integument is the natural covering of an organism or an organ, such as its skin, husk, shell, or rind. It derives from ""integumentum"", which means ""a covering"" in Latin. In a transferred or figurative sense, it could mean a cloak or a disguise. In English ""integument"" is a fairly modern word, its origin having been traced back to the early seventeenth century. It can mean a material or layer with which anything is enclosed, clothed, or covered in the sense of ""clad"" or ""coated"", as with a skin or husk. In botany the senses are similar to"
"Circlet A circlet is a piece of headgear that is similar to a diadem or a corolla. The word circlet is also used to refer to the base of a crown or a coronet with or without a cap. Diadem and circlet are often used interchangeably, and ""open crowns"" with no arches (as opposed to ""closed crowns""), have also been referred to as circlets. In Greek this is known as ""stephanos"" and in Latin as ""corona aperta"", though ""Stephanos"" is associated more with laurel wreaths and the crown of thorns said to have been placed on the head of Jesus."
"Tunica (biology) In biology, a tunica () (plural tunicae) is a layer, coat, sheath, or similar covering. The word came to English from the New Latin of science and medicine. Its literal sense is about the same as that of the word ""tunic"", with which it is cognate. In biology one of its senses used to be the taxonomic name of a genus of plants, but the nomenclature has been revised and those plants are now included in the genus ""Petrorhagia"". In modern biology in general, ""tunica"" occurs as a technical or anatomical term mainly in botany and zoology. It"
"to the thorns of some species. The name haw, originally an Old English term for hedge, applies to the fruit. ""Crataegus"" species are shrubs or small trees, mostly growing to tall, with small pome fruit and (usually) thorny branches. The most common type of bark is smooth grey in young individuals, developing shallow longitudinal fissures with narrow ridges in older trees. The thorns are small sharp-tipped branches that arise either from other branches or from the trunk, and are typically 1–3 cm long (recorded as up to in one case). The leaves grow spirally arranged on long shoots, and in"
"suggested that ""carambola"", in turn, was derived from a yellow-to-orange, tropical Asian fruit also known in Portuguese as a ""carambola"" (which was a corruption of the original name of the fruit, ""karambal"" in the Marathi language of India), also known as star fruit. But this may simply be folk etymology, as the fruit bears no resemblance to a billiard ball, and there is no direct evidence for such a derivation. In modern French, the word """" means 'successive collision', currently used mainly in reference to or shots in billiards, and to multiple-vehicle car crashes. Cloth has been used to cover"
"fruit"" (and rarely ""old tin of fruit"") to the 1920s in Britain possibly deriving from the phrase ""fruit of the womb"". In the United States, however, both ""fruit"" and ""fruitcake"" are seen as negative with fruitcake likely originating from ""nutty as a fruitcake"" (a crazy person). A costermonger was a street seller of fruit and vegetables. The term, which derived from the words ""costard"" (a type of apple) and ""monger"", i.e. ""seller"", came to be particularly associated with the ""barrow boys"" of London who would sell their produce from a wheelbarrow or wheeled market stall. Costermongers have existed in London"
"such speculations have sometimes proved correct in the light of modern scholarship, but generally they were based on superficial similarities. Like classical etymology, Medieval Christian etymology drew tenuous connections between superficially similar words, but exegetical etymology was radically new in what it then did with the connections. The purpose of etymology was to elucidate the spiritual background to a concept, drawing out aspects of semantics in a similar manner to the symbolic interpretation of the natural world. An example: Hugh of St Victor derived the Latin word ""mors"" ('death') from ""morsus"" ('bite'): ""a morsu primi hominis qui vetitae arboris pomum"
"was known in early English as ""apple of Grenada""—a term which today survives only in heraldic blazons. This is a folk etymology, confusing the Latin ""granatus"" with the name of the Spanish city of Granada, which derives from Arabic. Garnet derives from Old French ""grenat"" by metathesis, from Medieval Latin ""granatum"" as used in a different meaning ""of a dark red color"". This derivation may have originated from ""pomum granatum"", describing the color of pomegranate pulp, or from ""granum"", referring to ""red dye, cochineal"". The French term for pomegranate, ""grenade"", has given its name to the military grenade. A shrub"
"the inner part of the peel and is commonly removed before eating. In citron fruit, where the mesocarp is the most prominent part, it is used to produce succade. Endocarp (from Greek: ""endo-"", ""inside"" + ""-carp"", ""fruit"") is a botanical term for the inside layer of the pericarp (or fruit), which directly surrounds the seeds. It may be membranous as in citrus where it is the only part consumed, or thick and hard as in the stone fruits of the family Rosaceae such as peaches, cherries, plums, and apricots. In nuts, it is the stony layer that surrounds the kernel"
"Focale The focale (plural ""focalia""), also known as a sudarium (""sweat cloth""), was a woolen or linen scarf worn by ancient Roman military personnel. It protected the neck from chafing by the armor. The ""focale"" is depicted widely in military scenes from Roman art, such as the relief sculpture on the Arch of Septimius Severus in the Roman Forum and Trajan's Column. It is shown loosely knotted in the front, but is sometimes visible with the ends tucked inside the cuirass. In Latin literature, ""focale"" is a general word for a scarf or wrapping for the throat. A ""focale"" was"
"century, the crescent on the state flag also appeared with the tips pointing up, and it was not until the 20th century that it was turned on its side to resemble a crescent moon. The mystery of its original meaning is still unresolved, and the crescent as it appears on the modern state flag is normally interpreted as a moon. The term also refers to a patch of colored feathers found on the throat or upper breast of some species of birds. Gorget A gorget , from the French """" meaning throat, was originally a band of linen wrapped around"
"Grapefruit spoon A grapefruit spoon is a utensil usually similar in design to a teaspoon that tapers to a sharp edge or teeth, the intent of the front serration being to separate the flesh of a grapefruit from its rind. Also called an orange spoon, citrus spoon, and fruit spoon, it is used for other citrus fruits, as well as kiwifruit and melons. A variation of the design has a blunt front edge with serrated sides, enabling the user to dig the spoon into the fruit before using the serrated side edges as a knife to separate the flesh from"
"the time. At that time ""lemon"" and ""lime"" were used interchangeably to refer to citrus fruits. Initially, lemon juice (from lemons imported from Europe) was used as the additive to grog on the Royal Navy ships, but was later switched to limes (grown in British colonies), not realizing that limes did not contain sufficient Vitamin C to prevent the disease. In time, the term lost its naval connotation and was used to refer to British people in general, and in the 1880s, British immigrants in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Although the term may have been used earlier in"
"According to the ""Oxford English Dictionary"", the first mention of vegetable marrows dates to 1822, zucchini to 1929, and courgettes to 1931. Before the introduction of ""Cucurbita"" species from the New World, ""marrow"" signified the immature, edible fruits of ""Lagenaria"", a cucurbit gourd of African origin widely grown since Antiquity for eating when immature and for drying as watertight receptacles when grown to maturity. Marrows are commonly cultivated in the British Isles, and the term ""marrow"" for the plant and for the fruit is current there, especially for the striped, thicker-skinned cultivar. However, both in North America (since the 1920s)"
"manifest clavate calices. The basal portion of the pistil of ""Pachypodium baronii exhibits the obconic structural design. As a fungal example the species ""Pocillum cesatii"" is noted to have an obconic ascospore. The derivation of the word ""obconic"" is based upon the Greek with the common prefix ""ob"", meaning ""inverted"", and the Greek word for angle ""gon"" or ""gonia"", followed by the generic suffix ""ic"". Historically botanists have used the designation ""obconic"" to describe elements of a plant such as the fruit, hypanthium, calyx or pistil base since at least as early as the nineteenth century, and in modern times"