"had been identified and the number continues to rise. Famous literary works range from ""Brideshead Revisited"" by Evelyn Waugh, to the trilogy ""His Dark Materials"" by Philip Pullman, which features an alternate-reality version of the university. Other notable examples include: Notable non-fiction works on Oxford include ""Oxford"" by Jan Morris. University of Oxford The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II"
"University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city of Edinburgh, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university. The University of Edinburgh is ranked 18th in the world by the 2019 QS World University Rankings. It is ranked as the 6th best university in Europe by the U.S. News' Best Global Universities Ranking, and 7th best in Europe by the Times"
"University of Glasgow The University of Glasgow (; ; abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. It was founded in 1451. Along with the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and St. Andrews, the University was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. It is currently a member of Universitas 21, the Russell Group and The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities. In common with universities of the pre-modern era, Glasgow originally educated students primarily from wealthy backgrounds, however, it became a pioneer in British higher education in"
"as GUUi. University of Glasgow The University of Glasgow (; ; abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. It was founded in 1451. Along with the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and St. Andrews, the University was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. It is currently a member of Universitas 21, the Russell Group and The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities. In common with universities of the pre-modern era, Glasgow originally educated students primarily from wealthy backgrounds, however, it became a pioneer in British higher"
"popular. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of the most famous and prestigious higher education institutions of the world, averaging nine applications to every available place, and attracting 40% of its academic staff and 17% of undergraduates from overseas. It is currently ranked as the world's number one university, according to The Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Oxford is renowned for its tutorial-based method of teaching, with students attending an average of one one-hour tutorial a week. As well as being a major draw for tourists (9.1 million in 2008, similar"
"Ancient university The ancient universities are seven extant British and Irish medieval universities and early modern universities founded before the year 1600. Four of these are located in Scotland, two in England, and one in Ireland. The ancient universities in Britain and Ireland are amongst the oldest extant universities in the world. The surviving ancient universities in England, Scotland and Ireland are, in order of formation: These universities often find themselves governed in a quite different fashion to more recent additions. The ancient universities of Scotland also share several distinctive features and are governed by arrangements laid down by the"
"Third-oldest university in England debate The title of third-oldest university in England is claimed by three institutions: Durham University as the third oldest officially recognised university (1832) and the third to confer degrees (1837); the University of London as the third university to be granted a Royal Charter (1836); and University College London as it was founded as ""London University"" (1826) and was the third oldest university institution to start teaching (1828). A fourth institution, King's College London, officially claims to be the fourth oldest university in England but is claimed by some students to be the third oldest as"
"Bonnet, a hat which legend says was originally made from cloth taken from the breeches of John Knox or George Buchanan. The hat was last restored in 2000, when a note from 1849 was discovered in the fabric. In 2006, a University emblem taken into space by Piers Sellers was incorporated into the Geneva Bonnet. University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city of Edinburgh, with many"
"University of King's College The University of King's College, established in 1789, is in Halifax, Nova Scotia. It is the oldest chartered university in Canada, and the first English-speaking university in the Commonwealth outside the United Kingdom. The university is renowned for its Foundation Year Program, a comprehensive and interdisciplinary examination of Western culture through Great Books, designed for first-year undergraduates. It has also garnered acclaim through its upper-year interdisciplinary programs - particularly its Contemporary Studies program, Early Modern Studies program, and its History of Science and Technology program. In addition, the university boasts a journalism school which attracts students"
"preparatory arts of grammar, rhetoric, and logic–and the ""quadrivium"": arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. (See degrees of Oxford University for the history of how the ""trivium"" and ""quadrivium"" developed in relation to degrees, especially in anglophone universities). Several of the world's oldest universities are located in Spain or were founded by Spanish scholars across the world at the time of the Spanish Empire. The University of Salamanca, founded by King Alfonso IX of Leon in 1218 is the world's 8th oldest university. The oldest existing universities both in Asia (University of Santo Tomas) and the Americas (University of Santo Domingo)"
"best in the world by the ""Financial Times"". Academic degrees in England are usually split into classes: first class (1st), upper second class (2:1), lower second class (2:2), third (3rd), and unclassified. The King's School, Canterbury and King's School, Rochester are the oldest schools in the English-speaking world. Many of England's most well-known schools, such as Winchester College, Eton, St Paul's School, Harrow School and Rugby School are fee-paying institutions. Many ancient standing stone monuments were erected during the prehistoric period; amongst the best known are Stonehenge, Devil's Arrows, Rudston Monolith and Castlerigg. With the introduction of Ancient Roman architecture"
"University of Aberdeen The University of Aberdeen (abbreviated as Aberd. in post-nominals) is a public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland. It is an ancient university founded in 1495 when William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen and Chancellor of Scotland, petitioned Pope Alexander VI on behalf of James IV, King of Scots to establish King's College, making it Scotland's third-oldest university and the fifth-oldest in the English-speaking world. Today, Aberdeen is consistently ranked among the top 200 universities in the world and is ranked within the top 30 universities in the United Kingdom. Aberdeen was also named the 2019 Scottish University of"
"18% of those over 16. England has the two oldest universities in English-speaking world, Universities of Oxford and Cambridge (jointly known as ""Oxbridge"") with history of over eight centuries. Since the establishment of Bedford College (London), Girton College (Cambridge) and Somerville College (Oxford) in the 19th century, women also can obtain a university degree. Scotland Education in Scotland is the responsibility of the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning, with day-to-day administration and funding of state schools the responsibility of Local Authorities. Two non-departmental public bodies have key roles in Scottish education. The Scottish Qualifications Authority is responsible for"
"Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau of ""Oxford"" and ""Cambridge"", the two oldest, most prestigious, and highly-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism. The Sutton Trust maintains that Oxford University and Cambridge University recruit disproportionately from 8 schools which accounted for 1,310 Oxbridge places during three years, contrasted with 1,220 from 2,900 other schools. Although both universities were founded more than eight centuries ago, the term ""Oxbridge"""
"be the oldest in the world. Founded by Fatima al Fihri in 859, the University of Al Quaraouiyine in Fez is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO and Guinness World Records and is sometimes referred to as the oldest university. There are many scientific Arabic loanwords in Western European languages, including English, mostly via Old French. This includes traditional star names such as Aldebaran, scientific terms like ""alchemy"" (whence also ""chemistry""), ""algebra"", ""algorithm"", ""alcohol"", ""alkali"", ""cipher"", ""zenith"", etc. Under Ottoman rule, cultural life and science in the Arab"
"Oldest public university in the United States The title of oldest public university in the United States is claimed by three universities: the University of Georgia, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and College of William and Mary. Each has a distinct basis for the claim: North Carolina being the first to hold classes and graduate students, Georgia being the first created by state charter, and William & Mary having the oldest founding date of any currently public university, though it was private for over 250 years and completely closed for a period after the Civil War. Located"
"St Mary's University, Twickenham St Mary's University, Twickenham, is a public university located in Strawberry Hill, Twickenham, in South West London. Founded in 1850, it is generally acknowledged to be the oldest Roman Catholic university in the United Kingdom. Formerly called ""St Mary’s University College"", it was granted full university title by the Privy Council on 23 January 2014. The university is built on land previously attached to Strawberry Hill House, which was originally a small cottage in two or of land by the River Thames. Horace Walpole, a son of the politician Robert Walpole, rented the cottage in 1747"
"University College, Oxford University College (in full The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as ""Univ""), is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university, having been founded in 1249 by William of Durham. As of 2016, the college had an estimated financial endowment of £114.9m. The college is associated with a number of influential people. Notable alumni include Clement Attlee, Bill Clinton, Neil Gorsuch, Stephen Hawking, C. S. Lewis, V. S. Naipaul and"
"Pontifical) had state support but money was always a problem. The entering fees were small but rose the longer one stayed. This favored the rich upper class"". Entitlement and access to education continued to be an issue throughout the history of higher education in Latin America. From a global perspective on the inception of the university, the oldest existing, and continually operating educational institution in the world is the University of Karueein, founded in 859 AD in Morocco, the University of Bologna, Italy, was founded in 1088, and England's University of Oxford was founded in 1167. Initially, the Church and"
"""Loxbridge"" (referring to London, Oxford, and Cambridge) is also sometimes used, and was also adopted as the name of the Ancient History conference now known as ""AMPAH"". Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau of ""Oxford"" and ""Cambridge"", the two oldest, most prestigious, and highly-ranked universities in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively, in contrast to other British universities, and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status or elitism. The Sutton Trust maintains that Oxford University and Cambridge University recruit disproportionately from 8 schools which accounted"
"third and fourth oldest university institutions, rather than the third and fourth oldest universities. The critical questions for King's College London are whether it gained ""de facto"" university status from its foundation and has managed to keep this status since, despite the objections above, and whether, if it has, UCL attained ""de facto"" university status before King's College (see discussion above). If both of these are answered in King's College's favour, then it is the third oldest university in England. Durham University's claim is based on it being the third institution to gain official recognitions as a university, through the"
"Charles University Charles University, known also as Charles University in Prague (; ; ) or historically as the University of Prague (), is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe in continuous operation and ranks in the upper 1.5 percent of the world’s best universities. Today, the university consists of 17 faculties located in Prague, Hradec Králové and Pilsen. Its academic publishing house is Karolinum Press. The university also operates several museums and two botanical gardens. Its seal"
"Oxford Oxford ( ) is a city in south central England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With an estimated 2016 population of 170,350, it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is from London, from Bristol, from Southampton, from Birmingham and from Reading. The city is known worldwide as the home of the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Buildings in Oxford demonstrate notable examples of every English architectural period since the late Saxon period. Oxford is known as the ""city"
"Oxford–Cambridge rivalry Rivalry between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is a phenomenon going back many centuries. During most of that time, they were the only two universities in England and Wales, making the rivalry more intense than it is now. The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, sometimes collectively known as ""Oxbridge"", are the two oldest universities in the United Kingdom. Both were founded more than 800 years ago, and between them they have produced a large number of Britain's most prominent scientists, writers and politicians, as well as noted figures in many other fields. Yet for"
"of 11.5% is higher than the national average of 7%. The University of Aberdeen began as King's College, Aberdeen, which was founded in 1495 by William Elphinstone (1431–1514), Bishop of Aberdeen and Chancellor of Scotland. Marischal College, a separate institution, was founded in ""New"" Aberdeen by George Keith, fifth Earl Marischal of Scotland in 1593. These institutions were merged by order of Parliament in 1860 to form the University of Aberdeen. The university is the fifth oldest in the English-speaking world and offers degrees in a full range of disciplines. Its main campus is in Old Aberdeen in the north"
"University College London UCL (legally University College London) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment, and the largest by postgraduate enrolment. Established in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham, UCL was the first university institution to be established in London, and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion. UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in"
"University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, UNIBO), founded in 1088, is the oldest university in continuous operation, as well as one of the leading academic institutions in Italy and Europe. It is one of the most prestigious Italian universities, commonly ranking in the first places of national rankings. It was the first place of study to use the term ""universitas"" for the corporations of students and masters, which came to define the institution (especially its famous law school) located in Bologna, Italy. The University's crest carries the motto ""Alma mater studiorum"" and the date ""A.D. 1088"", and it"
"University of London (Worldwide) The University of London is a central academic body that manages external study programmes within the University of London collegiate university system. It formerly had the subtitles External Programmes, External System or International Programmes, and the current internal name for the department is the University of London Worldwide. It is the world's oldest distance and flexible learning body, established in year 1858, chartered by Queen Victoria. Several colleges and institutes of the University of London offer degrees through the programme, including Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, Heythrop College, UCL Institute of Education, King's College London, London School of Economics,"
"third oldest English-speaking university and the oldest university in Scotland was founded between 1410 and 1413. A charter for the university was issued by Bishop Henry Wardlaw between 1411 and 1412 and this was followed by Avignon Pope Benedict XIII granting university status to award degrees to students in 1413. The school initially started out as a society for learned men in the fields of canon law, the arts and divinity. The chapel and college of St John the Evangelist became the first building to have ties with the university in 1415. The two original colleges to be associated with"
"universities. During the High Middle Ages, Chartres Cathedral operated the famous and influential Chartres Cathedral School. The medieval universities of Western Christendom were well-integrated across all of Western Europe, encouraged freedom of enquiry and produced a great variety of fine scholars and natural philosophers, including Robert Grosseteste of the University of Oxford, an early expositor of a systematic method of scientific experimentation; and Saint Albert the Great, a pioneer of biological field research The Italian University of Bologna is considered the oldest continually operating university. Philosophy in the High Middle Ages focused on religious topics. Christian Platonism, which modified Plato's"
"Anglo-American University Anglo-American University (AAU) is a private university in Prague, Czech Republic, providing courses in English. Founded in 1990, it is the oldest private university in the country. Anglo-American University was founded in 1990 as the Anglo-American College by Jansen Raichl and Vlasta Raichlová, shortly after the collapse of communism. Their aim was to create a higher education institution that would combine Central European university traditions with US and British academic principles. The college's name in English was later changed to ""university"" instead of college. In 2010, AAU was the first university outside the United States to be invited"
"fourth oldest university institution"". The debate also spilled over into Scotland in 2007, when The Guardian mistakenly called Durham the ""third oldest university in the UK"" (rather than in England). In 2016, ""Durham Magazine"" published an article on the debate, concluding that ""Despite all the above arguments, most people consider Durham to be England’s third oldest university"". ""The Telegraph"" noted the debate in 2018, saying ""Durham University claims to be the third oldest university in England (a title also claimed by University College London)"". Judging a university's ""foundation"" as occurring at the earliest point to which teaching can be traced,"
"power to award degrees in its own right in 2005. From 2005, the Institute has branded itself as UCL (rather than University College London) and has used the strapline ""London's Global University"". UCL's foundation date of 1826 makes it the third oldest university institution in England, and it was certainly founded with the intention of it being England's third university, but whether or not UCL is actually the third oldest university in England is questionable: UCL makes this claim on its website, but so do the Universities of London (1836) and Durham (1832). Other higher education institutions in England have"