"mixture contains copper sulphate, CuSO, and sodium carbonate, NaCO. First used around 1885, Burgundy mixture has since been replaced by synthetic organic compounds, or by compounds that contain copper in a non-reactive, chelated form. This helps to prevent the accumulation of high levels of copper in sediments surrounding the plants. Burgundy mixture is made by combining dissolved copper sulphate and dissolved sodium carbonate. Dissolved copper sulphate ratios generally range from 1:1 to 1:18. Sodium carbonate is generally added in higher quantities and at a dissolved ratio of 1:1.5. Over time, the sodium carbonate will crystallize out of solution, and the"
"verdigris was the most vibrant green pigment available and was frequently used in painting. Verdigris was sometimes used to illustrate cyan colors in early color wheels. Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed more of green than blue. Specifically, it is a dark shade of spring green, the color between green and cyan on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian takes its name from the Latin ""viridis"", meaning ""green"". The first recorded use of ""viridian"" as a color name in English was"
"the Latin word for green, so using the word ""viridian"" sounds more elegant than simply referring to the Old English word ""green"". Viridian Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed more of green than blue. Specifically, it is a dark shade of spring green, so it is the color between green and teal on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian takes its name from the Latin ""viridis"", meaning ""green"". The first recorded use of ""viridian"" as a color name in English was"
"Vermilion Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is both a brilliant red or scarlet pigment, originally made from the powdered mineral cinnabar, and the name of the resulting color. It was widely used in the art and decoration of Ancient Rome, in the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, in the paintings of the Renaissance, as sindoor in India, and in the art and lacquerware of China. The word vermilion came from the Old French word ""vermeillon"", which was derived from ""vermeil"", from the Latin ""vermiculus"", the diminutive of the Latin word ""vermis"", or worm. It has the same origin as the"
"Sinopia Sinopia (also known as sinoper, named after the now Turkish city Sinop) is a dark reddish-brown natural earth pigment, whose reddish colour comes from hematite, a dehydrated form of iron oxide. It was widely used in Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages for painting, and during the Renaissance it was often used on the rough initial layer of plaster for the underdrawing for a fresco. The word came to be used both for the pigment and for the preparatory drawing itself, which may be revealed when a fresco is stripped from its wall for transfer. During the Middle Ages"
"displayed the X11 color named turquoise. ""Turquoise"" is the name of a greenish blue color, based on the gem of the same name. The word ""turquoise"" comes from the French for Turkish, as the gem was originally imported from Turkey. The first recorded use of ""turquoise"" as a color name in English was in 1573. Perhaps owing to sharing its name with a mineral, turquoise is currently a more common term in English than other cyan-like colors. Verdigris is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of acetic acid to copper plates or the natural patina"
"Pigments are preparations of metallic, earthy or animal origin mixed into paint to give it color. For oil paint they are usually ground in oil; for distemper they are sold as a finely ground powder. The ordinary pigments are white lead, zinc white, umbers, siennas, ochres, chromes, Venetian red, Indian red, lampblack, bone black, vegetable black, ultramarine, Prussian blue, vermilion, red lead, oxide of iron, lakes and Vandyke brown. The term enamel paint was first given to a compound of zinc white, petrol and resin, which possessed on drying a hard glossy surface. The name is now applied to any"
"lent its name to prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) derived from it. In German, hydrogen cyanide is called ""Blausäure"" (""blue acid""). French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac gave cyanide its name, from the Greek word κυανός (""kyanos"", ""blue""), because of the color of Prussian blue. Prussian blue pigment is significant since it was the first stable and relatively lightfast blue pigment to be widely used following the loss of knowledge regarding the synthesis of Egyptian blue. European painters had previously used a number of pigments such as indigo dye, smalt, and Tyrian purple, which tend to fade, and the extremely expensive ultramarine"
"Viridian Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is composed more of green than blue. Specifically, it is a dark shade of spring green, so it is the color between green and teal on the color wheel, or, in paint, a tertiary blue–green color. Viridian takes its name from the Latin ""viridis"", meaning ""green"". The first recorded use of ""viridian"" as a color name in English was in the 1860s (exact year uncertain). Paolo Veronese green is the color that is called ""Verde Verones"" in the ""Guía de coloraciones"""
"English word vermin. The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, the ""Kermes vermilio"", which was widely used in Europe. The words for the color in Portuguese (""vermelho""), Galician (""vermello"") and Catalan (""vermell"") have the same origin. The first recorded use of ""vermilion"" as a color name in English was in 1289. The term cinnabar was used interchangeably with vermilion until the 17th century, when vermilion became the more common name. By the late 18th century 'cinnabar' applied to the unground natural mineral only. Vermilion is a dense, opaque pigment"
"Egyptian blue Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSiO or CaOCuO(SiO) (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, is a pigment used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. It was known to the Romans by the name ""caeruleum"" – see also the English word cerulean. After the Roman era, Egyptian blue fell from use and the manner of its creation was forgotten. The ancient Egyptian word wꜣḏ signifies blue, blue-green, and green. The first recorded use of ""Egyptian blue"" as a color name in English was in 1809. Egyptian blue"
"with a clear, brilliant hue. The pigment was originally made by grinding a powder of cinnabar (mercury sulfide). Like most mercury compounds, it is toxic. Vermilion is not one specific hue; mercuric sulfides make a range of warm hues, from bright orange-red to a duller reddish-purple that resembles fresh duck liver. Differences in hue are caused by the size of the ground particles of pigment. Larger crystals produce duller and less-orange hue. Cinnabar pigment was a side-product of the mining of mercury, and mining cinnabar was difficult, expensive and dangerous, because of the toxicity of mercury. The Greek philosopher Theophrastus"
"– and is rarely found in Greek art. The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus, the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards. The Romans made a fine green earth pigment that was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Lyon, Vaison-la-Romaine, and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By the second century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green. In the Middle"
"in Cyprus and other sites. Ochre Ochre (British English) ( ; from , from , , pale) or ocher (American English) is a natural clay earth pigment which is a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. It is also the name of the colours produced by this pigment, especially a light brownish-yellow. A variant of ochre containing a large amount of hematite, or dehydrated iron oxide, has a reddish tint known as ""red ochre"" (or, in some dialects, ruddle). The word ochre also describes"
"Pink Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name. It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic. A combination of pink and white is associated with chastity and innocence, whereas a combination of pink and black links to eroticism and seduction. The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus ""Dianthus,"" and derives from the"
"Venetian red Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (FeO) of the hematite type. Modern versions are frequently made with synthetic red iron oxide. Historically, Venetian red was a red earth color often used in Italian Renaissance paintings. It was also called sinopia, because the best-quality pigment came from the port of Sinop in northern Turkey. It was the major ingredient in the pigment called ', described by the 15th-century Italian painter and writer in his handbook on painting, '. Cennini recommended mixing Venetian"
"in honor of his achievement. The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves"
"Arylide yellow Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa yellow and monoazo yellow, are a family of organic compounds used as pigments. They are primarily used as industrial colorants including plastics, building paints and inks. They are also used in artistic oil paints, acrylics and watercolors. These pigments are usually semi-transparent yellows and yellow-greens. Related organic pigments are the diarylide pigments. Overall, these pigments have partially displaced the toxic cadmium yellow in the marketplace. Painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock are known to have employed arylide yellow in their artworks. The compound is obtained by azo coupling of aniline"
"formed when copper, brass or bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time. The name ""verdigris"" comes from the Middle English ""vertegrez"", from the Old French ""verte grez"", an alteration of ""vert-de-Grèce"" (""green of Greece""). Used as a pigment in paintings and other art objects (as green color) since ancient Greece, it was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. The vivid green color of copper(II) acetate made this form of verdigris a much used pigment. Until the 19th century,"
"art and history the section ""In prehistory and the ancient world: Tyrian purple"" "" ""Tyrian purple"" is the contemporary English name of the color that in Latin is denominated """"purpura"""". Other contemporary English names for ""purpura"" are ""imperial purple"" and ""royal purple"". The English name ""purple"" itself originally denominated the specific color ""purpura"". ""Purpura"" is the color of a dye extracted from a mollusk found on the shores of the city of Tyre in ancient Phoenicia (contemporarily in Lebanon), which color in classical antiquity was a symbol of royalty and political authority because only the very wealthy could afford it,"
"""phoenīx"" represents Greek φοῖνιξ ""phoinīx"". In ancient Greece and Rome, the bird, phoenix, was sometimes associated with the similar-sounding Phoenicia, a civilization famous for its production of purple dye from conch shells. A late antique etymology offered by the 6th- and 7th-century CE archbishop Isidore of Seville accordingly derives the name of the phoenix from its allegedly purple-red hue. Because the costly purple dye from Phoenicia was associated with the upper classes in antiquity and, later, with royalty, in the medieval period the phoenix was considered ""the royal bird"". In spite of these folk etymologies, with the deciphering of the"
"This compound's Latin name ""minium"" originates from the Minius, a river in northwest Iberia where it was first mined. Lead(II,IV) oxide was used as a red pigment in ancient Rome, where it was prepared by calcination of white lead. In the ancient and medieval periods it was used as a pigment in the production of illuminated manuscripts, and gave its name to the ""minium"" or miniature, a style of picture painted with the colour. As a finely divided powder, it was also sprinkled on dielectric surfaces to study Lichtenberg figures. In traditional Chinese medicine, red lead is used to treat"
"Verdaccio Verdaccio is an Italian name for the mixture of black, white, and yellow pigments resulting in a grayish or yellowish (depending on the proportion) soft greenish brown. Verdaccio became an integral part of fresco painting, in which this color is used for defining tonal values, forming a complete monochromatic underpainting. Often architectural details in frescoes are left in verdaccio without any additional color layers; a notable example is the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, where verdaccio underpainting can be clearly seen, left as it is on all architectural details of the composition. In oil painting, a similar technique is"
"Turquoise (color) Turquoise () is a blue/green color, based on the gem of the same name. The word ""turquoise"" comes from the French for ""Turkish"", as the gem was originally imported from Turkey. The first recorded use of ""turquoise"" as a color name in English was in 1573. The X11 color named turquoise is displayed on the right. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula CuAl(PO)(OH)·4HO. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years"
"French spelling of this word is ""vert-de-gris"" (""green of grey""). It was used as a pigment in paintings and other art objects (as green color), mostly imported from Greece (Grèce). It was originally made by hanging copper plates over hot vinegar in a sealed pot until a green crust formed on the copper. Another method of obtaining verdigris pigment, used in the Middle Ages, was to attach copper strips to a wooden block with acetic acid, then bury the sealed block in dung. A few weeks later the pot was dug up and the verdigris scraped off. In eighteenth-century Montpellier,"
"For several decades, the medals awarded with the Nobel Prize have been made of gold-plated green gold. The name ""electrum"" is the Latinized form of the Greek word ἤλεκτρον (""èlektron""), mentioned in the ""Odyssey"" referring to a metallic substance consisting of gold alloyed with silver. The same word was also used for the substance amber, likely because of the pale yellow colour of certain varieties. It is from amber's electrostatic properties that the modern English words ""electron"" and ""electricity"" are derived. Electrum was often referred to as ""white gold"" in ancient times, but could be more accurately described as ""pale"
"for example, hydrogen (""water-producing""), oxygen (""acid-producing""), nitrogen (""soda-producing""), bromine (""stink""), and argon (""no reaction"") were based on Greek roots, while the names of iodine and chlorine were derived from the Greek words for their characteristic colors. Indium, rubidium, and thallium were similarly named for the colors of particular lines in their emission spectra. Iridium, which forms compounds of many different colors, takes its name from ""iris"", the Latin for ""rainbow"". The noble gases have all been named for their origin or properties. Helium comes from the Greek ""helios"", meaning ""sun"" because it was first detected as a line in the"
"is a synthetic blue pigment made up of a mixture of silica, lime, copper, and an alkali. Its color is due to a calcium-copper tetrasilicate CaCuSiO of the same composition as the naturally occurring mineral cuprorivaite. It was made in Egypt during the third millennium BC, and is the first synthetic pigment produced there, continuing in use until the end of the Greco-Roman period (332 BC–395 AD). The term for it in the Egyptian language is ""ḫsbḏ-ỉrjt"", which means artificial lapis lazuli (""ḫsbḏ""). It was used in antiquity as a blue pigment to color a variety of different media such"
"This colour is the colour on the colour wheel () halfway between azure and cyan. The traditional name for this colour is Capri. The first use of ""Capri"" as a colour name in English was in 1920. The colour ""Capri"" in general is named for the azure-cyan colour of the Mediterranean sea around the island of Capri off Italy, the site of several villas belonging to the Roman Emperor Tiberius, including his Imperial residence in his later years, the ""Villa Jovis"". Specifically, the colour Capri is named after the colour of the Blue Grotto on the island of Capri. as"
"to ""сuprum"" (Latin), from which the words derived, ""coper"" (Old English) and ""copper"", first used around 1530. The commonly encountered compounds are copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to such minerals as azurite, malachite, and turquoise, and have been used widely and historically as pigments. Copper used in buildings, usually for roofing, oxidizes to form a green verdigris (or patina). Copper is sometimes used in decorative art, both in its elemental metal form and in compounds as pigments. Copper compounds are used as bacteriostatic agents, fungicides, and wood preservatives. Copper is essential to all living organisms as"
"Verdigris Verdigris is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of acetic acid to copper plates or the natural patina formed when copper, brass or bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time. It is usually a basic copper carbonate, but near the sea will be a basic copper chloride. If acetic acid is present at the time of weathering, it may consist of copper(II) acetate. The name ""verdigris"" comes from the Middle English ""vertegrez"", from the Old French ""verte grez"", an alteration of ""vert-de-Grèce"" (""green of Greece""). The modern"
"Polychrome Polychrome is the ""'practice of decorating architectural elements, sculpture, etc., in a variety of colors."" The term is used to refer to certain styles of architecture, pottery or sculpture in multiple colors. Some very early polychrome pottery has been excavated on Minoan Crete such as at the Bronze Age site of Phaistos. In ancient Greece sculptures were painted in strong colors. The paint was frequently limited to parts depicting clothing, hair, and so on, with the skin left in the natural color of the stone. But it could cover sculptures in their totality. The painting of Greek sculpture should"
"Minium (pigment) Minium, also known as red lead, is a bright orange red pigment that was widely used in the Middle Ages for the decoration of manuscripts and for painting. It was made by roasting white lead pigment in the air; the white lead would gradually turn yellow, then into an orange lead tetroxide. The color varied depending upon how long the mineral was roasted. During the Roman Empire, the term minium could refer either to the pigment made from ground cinnabar or to the less expensive red lead. The name came from the river Minius in Iberia (now forming"