"along with her sisters, in riding, dancing, and singing, and took part in French court plays. Although tutored in reading and writing, she was not known for her academic skills; the princess was heavily influenced by the Carmelites at French court. By 1622, Henrietta Maria was living in Paris with a household of some 200 staff, and marriage plans were being discussed. Henrietta Maria first met her future husband in Paris, in 1623, while he was travelling to Spain with the Duke of Buckingham to discuss a possible marriage with the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain – Charles first saw"
"honour, and the name was carried over into the current U.S. state of Maryland. Henrietta Maria was the youngest daughter of King Henry IV of France (Henry III of Navarre) and his second wife, Marie de' Medici, and named after her parents. She was born at the Palais du Louvre on 25 November 1609, but some historians give her a birth-date of 26 November. In England, where the Julian calendar was still in use, her date of birth is often recorded as 16 November. Henrietta Maria was brought up as a Catholic. As daughter of the Bourbon king of France,"
"her marriage to the King of England was childless. By an unknown mistress, Henry IV had one illegitimate child: Henry IV of England Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke (), was King of England from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III (himself a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France), to the Kingdom of France. Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. His father, John of Gaunt (1340-1399) (created 1st Duke of Lancaster in right of his wife), was the fourth son (third to survive"
"Henry IV of England Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke (), was King of England from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III (himself a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France), to the Kingdom of France. Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. His father, John of Gaunt (1340-1399) (created 1st Duke of Lancaster in right of his wife), was the fourth son (third to survive to adulthood) of King Edward III and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of"
"Henrietta Maria of France Henrietta Maria of France (; 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. She was mother of his two immediate successors, Charles II and James II/VII. Contemporaneously, by a decree of her husband, she was known in England as Queen Mary, but did not like this name and signed her letters ""Henriette R"". Her Roman Catholicism made her unpopular in England, and also prohibited her from being crowned in a Church of England service; therefore she never had a coronation. She began"
"compliance with the Prayer Book, and to suspend ministers who refused. Besides George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Charles's closest political advisor was William Laud, the Bishop of St David's, whom Charles translated to the better position of Bishop of Bath and Wells in 1626. Under Laud's influence, Charles shifted the royal ecclesiastical policy markedly. In 1625, shortly before the opening of the new parliament, Charles was married by proxy to Henrietta Maria of France, the Catholic daughter of Henry IV of France. In diplomatic terms this implied alliance with France in preparation for war against Spain, but Puritan MPs"
"(1554; at baptism)<br> Reformed (1554-1572; raised Calvinist)<br> Roman Catholic (1572-1576; forced conversion to Roman Catholicism)<br> Reformed (1576-1593; returned to Calvinism)<br> Roman Catholic (1593-1610; converted to Roman Catholicism for coronation) On 18 August 1572, Henry married his second cousin Margaret of Valois; their childless marriage was annulled in 1599. His subsequent marriage to Marie de' Medici on 17 December 1600 produced six children: The arms of Henry IV changed throughout his lifetime: Henry IV of France Henry IV (, read as ; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great,"
"daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. All her life, Henrietta would enjoy a close relationship with her mother, Queen Henrietta Maria. Her connections with the court of France as niece of King Louis XIII and cousin of Louis XIV would prove to be very useful later in life. Shortly before the birth of Henrietta, her mother had been forced to leave Oxford for Exeter, where she had arrived on 1 May 1644. Many thought she would not survive the birth due to her state of health at the time. After a particularly difficult birth, the princess"
"coming out of her mouth like tusks... She did, however, have pretty eyes, nose, and a good complexion..."" Henrietta Maria married Charles at Notre Dame in Paris by proxy on 1 May 1625, shortly after his accession to the throne, Charles being represented by a French courtier. Charles and Henrietta Maria then spent their first night together at the royal palace of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, Kent, on 13 June 1625. When Charles was crowned in Westminster on 2 February 1626, Henrietta Maria's Catholic religion made it impossible for her to be crowned in an Anglican service; Henrietta Maria had proposed"
"his lands taken. However, within the same year, Henry returned with an army, supplied by the King of France and overthrew King Richard II. Unfortunately, the two would never wed. On September 30, 1399 Henry, Duke of Lancaster rose to the throne and was crowned King Henry IV of England (reigning from 1399 to 1413). While the two never wed, Henry IV remained a pivotal figure in Lucia Visconti's life. It was Henry IV whom arranged for Edmund of Holland's marriage to Lucia. Henry was also the one whom gave Lucia away at the wedding ceremony. In 1402 Gian Galeazzo"
"chains linked at the fess point with an amulet Or (Navarre)"""". For her supporters she used the crowned lion of England on the dexter side, and on the sinister used one of the angels which had for some time accompanied the royal arms of France. Henrietta Maria of France Henrietta Maria of France (; 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. She was mother of his two immediate successors, Charles II and James II/VII. Contemporaneously, by a decree of her husband, she was known in"
"allegorical terms, and was finished by the end of 1624, to coincide with the celebrations surrounding the wedding of her daughter, Henrietta Maria to Charles I of England on 11 May 1625. The cycle of paintings dedicated to the life of Henry IV was never completed, although some preliminary sketches survive. (See #Henry IV Cycle below). The fact that the Henry IV series was not realized can be attributed in part to Marie de' Medici being permanently banned from France by her son in 1631. She escaped to Brussels, and later died in exile in 1642 in the same house"
"the French kings over possession of the frontier district of the Norman Vexin, which Louis VII had acquired from Henry's grandfather, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, in around 1144. By the terms of the settlement, Margaret would bring the castles of the Norman Vexin to her new husband. However, the marriage was pushed through by Henry II when Young Henry and Margaret were small children so that he could seize the castles. A bitter border war followed between the kings. They were formally married on 27 August 1172 at Winchester Cathedral, when Henry, aged seventeen, was crowned King of England"
"next to his wife Anne. That same year, King Henry IV appointed his knight Hugh de Waterton to Berkhamsted Castle to supervise his children John and Philippa. King Henry IV moved his government temporarily to St Albans early in his reign for fear of public opinion in London. He gave the castle and honour of Hertford to Edmund, Earl of Stafford, and his wife Anne. Edmund was killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403. King Henry IV married Catherine of France on 2 June 1420, and gave Hertford Castle to her. In 1413, King Henry V kept Easter at"
"find a bride for the young king of France. Queen Henrietta Maria hinted at the idea of a union between Henrietta and Louis, but Queen Anne rejected the idea, preferring instead her niece by blood, Maria Theresa of Spain. Louis and Maria Theresa married in June 1660, after which Queen Anne turned her attentions to her unmarried son Philippe. While residing at the Château de Colombes, Henrietta Maria's personal residence outside Paris, mother and daughter heard of the restoration of the monarchy in England under Henrietta's brother Charles II of England, and they returned to Paris. This change of fortunes"
"his hold on power insecure, Henry had no desire for war. He quickly reached an understanding with the French and renounced all claims to their territory except the port of Calais, realizing also that he could not stop them from incorporating the Duchy of Brittany. In return, the French agreed to recognize him as king and stop sheltering pretenders. Shortly afterwards, they became preoccupied with adventures in Italy. Henry also reached an understanding with Scotland, agreeing to marry his daughter Margaret to that country's king James IV. Upon becoming king, Henry inherited a government severely weakened and degraded by the"
"have himself crowned Henry IV of England. Richard died in captivity early the next year, probably murdered, bringing an end to the main Plantagenet line. None of Henry's heirs were free from challenge on the grounds of not being the true heir of Richard II and that the Lancastrian dynasty had gained the throne by an act of usurpation. Henry married his Plantagenet cousin Mary de Bohun, who was paternally descended from Edward I and maternally from Edmund Crouchback. They had seven children: Henry went to convoluted legal means to justify his succession. Many Lancastrians asserted that his mother had"
"Henry IV of France Henry IV (, read as ; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII. Baptised as a Catholic but raised in the Protestant faith by his mother Jeanne d'Albret, Queen"
"Buckingham had already assumed ""de facto"" control of the kingdom. With the failure of the Spanish match, Charles and Buckingham turned their attention to France. On 1 May 1625 Charles was married by proxy to the fifteen-year-old French princess Henrietta Maria in front of the doors of the Notre Dame de Paris. Charles had seen Henrietta Maria in Paris while en route to Spain. The married couple met in person on 13 June 1625 in Canterbury. Charles delayed the opening of his first Parliament until after the marriage was consummated, to forestall any opposition. Many members of the Commons were"
"Ireland and France after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 were, with the dates of their claim: Upon Henry's death, the succession passed to a different house, and none of the Jacobite heirs since has claimed the thrones of England and Scotland or incorporated the arms of England and Scotland in their coats-of-arms. Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia was a descendant of Charles I through his youngest daughter Henrietta Anne. Her daughter Anne Marie of Orléans married Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, and Charles Emmanuel IV was great-grandson of Queen Anne Marie in the male line. The heir presumptive of Franz,"
"In 1661, Henrietta Marie returned to France and arranged for her youngest daughter, Henrietta to marry her first cousin Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, the only brother of Louis XIV. This significantly helped English relations with the French. After her daughter's wedding, Henrietta Maria returned to England in 1662 accompanied by her son Charles II and her nephew Prince Rupert. She had intended to remain in England for the rest of her life, but by 1665 was suffering badly from bronchitis, which she blamed on the damp British weather. Henrietta Maria travelled back to France the same year, taking residence"
"Monroe looked like fools as well as knaves."" The last known report of Henry was that he was employed in 1820 by King George IV to spy on the king's wife, Caroline of Brunswick, while she was living in Rome. George was eager to divorce Caroline because of her suspected adultery of which proof was needed to obtain a legal divorce. Details of Henry's later life are few, but he is believed to have died in Paris in 1853. Henry married Elizabeth Sophia Duché (born on September 18, 1774 in Philadelphia) on May 23, 1799 at Christ Church in Philadelphia."
"lady-in-waiting, to the royal princesses. When the youngest of the princesses, Henrietta Maria of France, married Charles I of England, she accompanied her to England with her spouse as the principal lady-in-waiting. In England she was known as Madame St. George and became the subject of discord between the queen and king. The king accused her of setting up the queen against him whenever he made her displeased and blamed her and the rest of the French entourage for their initial difficulties in their relationship. In 1626, the French entourage of queen Henrietta Maria was dismissed by the king and"
"wife and daughter of the deposed King Charles I of England. The two had escaped England in the midst of the English Civil War and were sheltered by Henrietta Maria's nephew, King Louis XIV. Henrietta Anne was later married to Louis' younger brother, Philippe de France, duc d'Orléans in the palace chapel on 31 March 1661. The following year the new ""duchesse d'Orléans"" gave birth to a daughter, Marie Louise d'Orléans, inside the palace. After their marriage, the palace became the main residence of the House of Orléans. The Duchess created the ornamental gardens of the palace, which were said"
"Somerset House, Greenwich, Oatlands, Nonsuch, Richmond and Holdenby as part of her jointure lands by 1630. She added Wimbledon House in 1639, which was bought for her as a present by Charles. She also acquired a menagerie of dogs, monkeys and caged birds. Henrietta Maria's marriage to Charles did not begin well and his ejection of her French staff did not improve it. Initially their relationship was frigid and argumentative, and Henrietta Maria took an immediate dislike to the Duke of Buckingham, the King's favourite. Instead of Charles, one of Henrietta Maria's closest companions in the early days of her"
"month after Charles's marriage to Henrietta Maria, a daughter of King Henry IV of France. Thomas Crewe was again elected as Speaker of the House of Commons, having served in that office previously, but this led Sir John Eliot to refer to the position as ""frequently filled by nullities, men selected for mere Court convenience"". Charles had asked the parliament to vote him the duties of tonnage and poundage for life, as had been customary at the beginning of each monarch's reign since 1414, but the House of Commons broke with tradition and voted to grant the king these important"
"potential threat for other German princes and even Barbarossa. To expand his rule, Henry continued to claim titles of lesser families, who left no legitimate heir. This policy caused unrest among many Saxon nobles and other German princes, first and foremeost his father's old enemy, Albrecht the Bear. During Barbarossa's fourth Italian campaign in 1166, a league of German Nobles declared war on Henry. The war continued until 1170, despite several attempts of the Emperor to mediate. Ultimately, Henry's position remained unchallenged, due to Barbarossa's favourable rule. In 1168, Henry married Matilda Plantagenêt, the daughter of Henry II of England"
"Henri IV. Louis and Marie Élisabeth were married on 18 July 1678 at the Château de Saint-Cloud, residence of Philippe de France, ""Monsieur"" (brother of Louis XIV) and his wife Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, ""Madame"". His wife brought a considerable dowry. She was the sole heiress of her father, François René du Bec-Crespin, marquis de Vardes, comte de Moret, and Catherine Nicolaï, marquise de Goussainville. Louis and Jacqueline had 11 children, of which two sons and a daughter would go on to have progeny. Louis died in Paris on 17 August 1727, aged 74. He was buried at the"
"government in England as a means of mobilising Scottish support for the re-invasion of England and the defeat of Parliament. In December 1647, she was horrified when Charles rejected the ""Four Bills"" offered to him by Parliament as a peace settlement. Charles had secretly signed ""The Engagement"" with the Scots, however, promising a Presbyterian government in England with the exception of Charles' own household. The result was the Second Civil War, which despite Henrietta Maria's efforts to send it some limited military aid, ended in 1648 with the defeat of the Scots and Charles' capture by Parliamentary forces. In France,"
"and Henry VI's son Edward, Prince of Wales. The descendants of Henry IV's son Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, include Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, queen consort of George VI and mother of Elizabeth II, and the Queen's current daughters-in-law Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Sophie, Countess of Wessex. Mary de Bohun died in 1394, and on 7 February 1403 Henry married Joanna of Navarre, the daughter of Charles d'Évreux, King of Navarre, at Winchester. She was the widow of John IV, Duke of Brittany (known in traditional English sources as John V), with whom she had had four daughters and four sons; however,"
"in the charter was ""Terra Mariae, ""anglicize"", Maryland"". The English name was preferred over the Latin due in part to the undesired association of ""Mariae"" with the Spanish Jesuit Juan de Mariana. Numerous recipes ascribed to Henrietta Maria are reproduced in Kenelm Digby's famous cookbook ""The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened"". The Royal Coat of Arms of England, Scotland and Ireland impaled with her father's arms as King of France and Navarre. The arms of Henry IV were: """"Azure, three fleurs de lys Or (France); impaling Gules, a cross a saltire and an orle of"
"left Henrietta Maria almost destitute and in shock, a situation not helped by the French civil war of the Fronde, which left Henrietta Maria's nephew King Louis XIV short of money himself. Henrietta Maria also was no longer the Queen but the Queen Mother to the young King Charles II. During the ensuing, and final, Third English Civil War the whole of the Royalist circle now based itself from St-Germain, with the Queen Mother's followers being joined by the old Royalist circle who had been with Charles II at the Hague, including Ormonde and Inchiquin and Clarendon, whom she particularly"
"formation of a union between the kingdoms of France and England, in the person of King Henry. His sudden and unexpected death in France two years later condemned England to the long and difficult minority of his infant son and successor, who reigned as Henry VI in England and Henry II in France. Henry was born in the tower above the gatehouse of Monmouth Castle in Wales, and for that reason was sometimes called Henry of Monmouth. He was the son of Henry of Bolingbroke (later Henry IV of England) and Mary de Bohun, and thus also the paternal grandson"