"film magazines. Kael argued that a film should be considered a collaborative effort. In ""Raising Kane"" (1971), an essay she wrote on Orson Welles' ""Citizen Kane"", she points out how the film made extensive use of the distinctive talents of co-writer Herman J. Mankiewicz and cinematographer Gregg Toland. Kael had a taste for antihero films that violated taboos involving sex and violence; this reportedly alienated some of her readers. However, she panned ""Midnight Cowboy"" (1969), the X-rated antihero film that won an Oscar for Best Picture. She also had a strong dislike for films that she felt were manipulative or"
"of the Dolls"", ""A Clockwork Orange"", ""Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song"", ""Fritz the Cat"", ""Last Tango in Paris"" and ""The Evil Dead"". (Films that achieved critical and commercial success were later re-rated R after minor cuts, including ""Midnight Cowboy"" and ""A Clockwork Orange."") The threat of an X rating also encouraged filmmakers to re-edit their films to achieve an R rating; one notable example of this was the 1987 satirical action film ""RoboCop"", which had to be edited eleven times before it could attain an R rating. Because the X rating was not trademarked, anybody could apply it to their films,"
"Adapted Screenplay. ""Midnight Cowboy"" is the only X-rated film ever to win Best Picture (though such a classification no longer exists), and was the first gay-related Best Picture winner. It has since been placed 36th on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest American films of all time, and 43rd on its 2007 updated version. In 1994, ""Midnight Cowboy"" was deemed ""culturally, historically or aesthetically significant"" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. Joe Buck, a young Texan working as a dishwasher, quits his job and heads to New"
"Best Picture: ""The Exorcist"" (1973), ""Jaws"" (1975), ""The Sixth Sense"" (1999), ""Black Swan"" (2010), and ""Get Out"" (2017). No documentary has yet been nominated for Best Picture, although ""Chang"" was nominated in the ""Unique and Artistic Production"" category at the 1927/28 awards. In 2017, at the 89th Academy Awards, presenters Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty read ""La La Land"" as the winner of the award. However, they had mistakenly been given the envelope for the ""Best Actress in a Leading Role"" award, which Emma Stone had won for her role in ""La La Land"" moments prior. When the mistake was"
"given the rights of a human being, in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence ""by any means necessary""."" ""Malcolm X"" was released in North America on November 18, 1992. The film was critically acclaimed, and has since garnered a score of 89% on movie review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 56 reviews. Denzel Washington's portrayal of Malcolm X was widely praised and he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Washington lost to Al Pacino (""Scent of a Woman""), a decision which Lee criticized, saying ""I'm not the only"
"and over"". The X certificate was replaced in November 1982 by the 18 certificate. Sometimes the rating of a film has changed significantly over time. For example, the French film ""Jules and Jim"" received an X rating in 1962 that was changed to a PG rating in 1991. In some early cases, films politically motivated received an X rating. ""The Battleship Potemkin"" was rejected for ""inflammatory subtitles and Bolshevik propaganda"" in 1926, rated X in 1954, and finally rated PG in 1987. In the United States, the X rating was applied to a film that contained content judged unsuitable for"
"in 1963 and completed it after Malcolm X's death. ""Malcolm X"" was distributed by Warner Bros. and released on November 18, 1992. Denzel Washington won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. In 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being ""culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant"". ""Malcolm X"" follows the life of African-American activist Malcolm X. Rising from a troubled childhood, in which his father, a preacher, is murdered by the Black Legion and"
"Rated X (film) Rated X is a 2000 American television film starring brothers Charlie Sheen and Emilio Estevez, with the latter also directing. Based on the nonfiction book ""X-Rated"" by David McCumber, the film chronicles the story of the Mitchell brothers, Jim and Artie, who were pioneers in the pornography and strip club businesses in San Francisco in the 1970s and 1980s. The film focuses on the making of their most profitable film, ""Behind the Green Door"". It also portrays Artie's descent into drug addiction and increasingly erratic behavior, culminating in his murder at Jim's hands. The film was shot"
"children, such as extreme violence, strongly implied sex, and graphic language. When the MPAA film rating system began in America on November 1, 1968, the X rating was given to a film by the MPAA if submitted to it or, due to its non-trademarked status, it could be self-applied to a film by a distributor that knew beforehand that its film contained content unsuitable for minors. From the late 1960s to about the mid-1980s, many mainstream films were released with an X rating such as ""Midnight Cowboy"", ""Medium Cool"", ""Last Summer"", ""Last of the Mobile Hot Shots"", ""Beyond the Valley"
"accompaniment at 18, instead of 17, and categorized the admission of minors to X-rated films as a misdemeanor. The statute remained in force until 2013 when it was ruled to be in violation of the First Amendment. The law was amended in 2013 as to only prohibit persons under the age of 18 if the film was considered ""harmful to minors"". In the rating system's early years, ""X""-rated films such as ""Midnight Cowboy"" (1969) and ""A Clockwork Orange"" (1971) were understood to be unsuitable for children, but non-pornographic and intended for the general public. However, pornographic films often self-applied the"
"Vixen! Vixen! is a 1968 American drama film and satiric softcore sexploitation film directed by American motion picture director Russ Meyer. It was the first film to be given an X rating for its sex scenes, and was a breakthrough success for Meyer. The film was developed from a script by Meyer and Anthony James Ryan, and starred Erica Gavin. The film concerns the adventures of the oversexed Vixen (Gavin), as she sexually manipulates everyone she meets. The story's taboo-violations mount quickly, including themes of incest and racism. In the heart of the Canadian wilderness, sultry and sexually assertive Vixen"
"R and X. The M rating would soon be replaced by GP, which was later changed to PG. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography industry, with which it became most associated. Films such as ""Midnight Cowboy"" and ""A Clockwork Orange"" were assumed to be pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17 rating was introduced as a trademarked ""adults only"" replacement for the non-trademarked X-rating. The PG-13 rating was added in 1984 to provide a greater range of distinction for audiences. During the late"
"merciless satire on the whole genre."" Vixen! Vixen! is a 1968 American drama film and satiric softcore sexploitation film directed by American motion picture director Russ Meyer. It was the first film to be given an X rating for its sex scenes, and was a breakthrough success for Meyer. The film was developed from a script by Meyer and Anthony James Ryan, and starred Erica Gavin. The film concerns the adventures of the oversexed Vixen (Gavin), as she sexually manipulates everyone she meets. The story's taboo-violations mount quickly, including themes of incest and racism. In the heart of the Canadian"
"which could be applied after a film was completed. On November 1, 1968, the voluntary MPAA film rating system took effect, with three organizations serving as its monitoring and guiding groups: the MPAA, the National Association of Theater Owners (NATO), and the International Film Importers & Distributors of America (IFIDA). Only films that premiered in the U.S. after that date were affected by this. Walter Reade was the only one of 75 top U.S. exhibitors who refused to use the ratings. Warner Bros.-Seven Arts' ""The Girl on a Motorcycle"" was the first film to receive the X rating and was"
"presented in Hollywood on February 14, 1985. Until 1991, the awards were presented on Valentine's Day each year. The award program also includes a Hall of Fame ceremony and inductions. X-Rated Critics Organization The X-Rated Critics Organization (XRCO) is a group of writers and editors from the American adult entertainment industry who each year present awards in recognition of achievement within the industry. After the controversy and criticism of the Best Erotic Scene win for the movie ""Virginia"" in 1984 at the Adult Film Association of America awards, the XRCO and its ""Heart-On Awards"" were founded. The organization was founded"
"premiered the film in New York City's Sam H. Harris Theater, a legitimate stage venue that was rented for the occasion. However, these were not official ""nominations."" According to AMPAS, ""there were no announcements of nominations, no certificates of nomination or honorable mention, and only the winners (*) were revealed during the awards banquet on April 3, 1930. Though not official nominations, the additional names in each category, according to in-house records, were under consideration by the various boards of judges."" Madame X (1929 film) Madame X is a 1929 American Pre-Code drama film directed by Lionel Barrymore, and starring"
"Fear X Fear X is a 2003 psychological thriller film directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. The first film to be produced from one of Hubert Selby Jr.'s original screenplays, its eventual box-office failure would force Refn's film company ""Jang Go Star"" into bankruptcy. Refn's financial recovery was documented in the 2006 documentary ""The Gambler"". A security guard's wife is killed in a seemingly random incident. Prompted by mysterious visions, he journeys to discover the true circumstances surrounding her murder. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film earned a 57% rating. On Metacritic, the film earned a score of 61 out of 100,"
"and Best Film Editing, ""Cabaret"" holds the record for most Oscars earned by a film ""not"" honored for Best Picture. It is listed as number 367 on Empire’s 500 greatest films of all time. ""Cabaret"" opened to glowing reviews and strong box office, eventually taking in more than $20 million. In addition to its eight Oscars, it won Best Picture citations from the National Board of Review and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, and took Best Supporting Actor honors for Grey from the National Board of Review, the Hollywood Foreign Press, and the National Society of Film Critics. In 1931"
"sacrifices true emotion for mawkishness."" ""Cavalcade"" won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Frank Lloyd won the Academy Award for Best Director, and the Academy Award for Best Art Direction went to William S. Darling. Diana Wynyard was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress but lost to Katharine Hepburn for ""Morning Glory"". ""Cavalcade"" was the first film produced by Fox Film Corporation to win the Best Picture Oscar, and the only one before it merged with 20th Century Pictures in 1935 to form 20th Century Fox. The Academy Film Archive preserved ""Cavalcade"" in 2002. In addition to several"
"received a then-record seven nominations, and was the first film to win more than two awards. Jackie Cooper was the first child star to receive a nomination, and he was the youngest nominee for nearly 50 years. He is the second-youngest Oscar nominee ever and the only Best Actor nominee under age 18. Best Actor winner Lionel Barrymore became the first person to have received nominations in multiple categories, with a Best Director nod for ""Madame X"" at the 2nd Academy Awards. In addition, ""Cimarron"" and ""A Free Soul"" became the first movies to receive multiple acting nominations. Winners are"
"apiece. ""La La Land""s Best Picture loss to ""Moonlight"" meant it set a record for most nominations and wins without winning Best Picture since ""Cabaret"" in 1972. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2017. ""Moonlight"" became the first film with an all-black cast and the first LGBT-themed film to win Best Picture. In an event unprecedented in the history of the Oscars, ""La La Land"" was incorrectly announced as the Best Picture, and, a few minutes later, the error was corrected and ""Moonlight"" was declared the winner. """", at 467 minutes, became the longest film"
"XXX (film series) XXX (stylized as xXx and pronounced as Triple X) is an American action film series created by Rich Wilkes. It stars Vin Diesel and Ice Cube and consists of three films: ""xXx"" (2002), """" (2005) and """" (2017), and a short film: ""The Final Chapter: The Death of Xander Cage"". The series has grossed $656 million worldwide. The film was released on August 9, 2002, which stars Vin Diesel as Xander Cage, a thrill seeking extreme sports enthusiast, stuntman and rebellious athlete-turned-reluctant spy for the National Security Agency who is sent on a dangerous mission to infiltrate"
"Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Most Nominations: ""Cimarron"" (RKO Pictures) - 7 Major Awards Most Awards: ""Cimarron"" - 3 (Best Picture; Best Adaptation and Best Art Direction) ""Cimarron"" was the first Western to win Best Picture, and would remain the only one to do so for 59 years (until ""Dances with Wolves"" won in 1991). It received a then-record seven nominations, and was the first film to win more than two awards. The 5th Academy Awards were conducted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on November 18, 1932, at a ceremony held at The Ambassador"
"an X rating, or certificate, in both the UK and US, on its release just before Christmas 1971, though many critics saw much of the violence depicted in the film as satirical, and less violent than ""Straw Dogs"", which had been released a month earlier. Kubrick personally pulled the film from release in the United Kingdom after receiving death threats following a series of copycat crimes based on the film; it was thus completely unavailable legally in the UK until after Kubrick's death, and not re-released until 2000. John Trevelyan, the censor of the film, personally considered ""A Clockwork Orange"""
"Tony wins. At the age of thirty-two years and thirty-eight days, Damien Chazelle became the youngest person to win Best Director; Norman Taurog was only two hundred and twenty-two days older than Chazelle when he won Best Director for the 1931 comedy ""Skippy"". Kevin O'Connell finally ended the longest losing streak in Oscar history after 20 unsuccessful nominations for sound mixing, winning for ""Hacksaw Ridge"". ""Moonlight""s Dede Gardner became the first woman to win twice for producing, following her previous Best Picture win for ""12 Years a Slave"". Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double"
"the Cat"" was the first animated film to receive an X rating from the MPAA, and the highest grossing independent animated film of all time. While the film is widely noted in its innovation for featuring content that had not been portrayed in American animation before, such as explicit sexuality and violence, the film also offered commercial potential for alternative and independent animated films in the United States, as the film offered a mature, satirical portrayal of the 1960s, including portrayal of drug use, political tension and race relations. Bakshi has been credited for playing an important role in establishing"
"XXX (2002 film) xXx (pronounced as Triple X) is a 2002 American action film directed by Rob Cohen, produced by Neal H. Moritz and written by Rich Wilkes. The first installment in the ""xXx"" film series, the film stars Vin Diesel as Xander Cage, a thrill-seeking extreme sports enthusiast, stuntman and rebellious athlete-turned reluctant spy for the National Security Agency. Cage is sent on a dangerous mission to infiltrate a group of potential Russian terrorists in Central Europe. The film also stars Asia Argento, Marton Csokas and Samuel L. Jackson. Cohen had previously directed ""The Fast and the Furious"" (2001),"
"establish Fox Film Corporation as a major studio. It was one of the first of three films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture (then called ""Outstanding Picture"") at the 1st Academy Awards held on May 16, 1929. Janet Gaynor won the first Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the film (she also won for her performances in 1927's """" and 1928's ""Street Angel""). Director Frank Borzage also won the first Academy Award for Best Director while screenwriter Benjamin Glazer won the first Academy Award for Best Writing (Adapted Screenplay). In 1995, ""7th Heaven"""
"for the exploitative use of children"" rather than to prevent the material from poisoning the minds of its viewers. The three dissenting justices in that case argued, ""While the sexual exploitation of children is undoubtedly a serious problem, Ohio may employ other weapons to combat it."" This is most notably shown with the ""X"" rating under which some films are categorized. The most notable films given an ""X"" rating were ""Deep Throat"" (1972) and ""The Devil in Miss Jones"" (1973). These films show explicit, non-simulated, penetrative sex that was presented as part of a reasonable plot with respectable production values."
"to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute long ""War and Peace,"" which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969. Following the five-part documentary's win, new Academy rules barred any ""multi-part or limited series"" from being eligible for documentary categories. With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, him and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Emmy, and"
"the X classification, allowing the film to be re-released in mainstream theatres. In Australia, the film was initially passed for viewing at the highest possible R18 rating in a 6–5 vote by the country's Classification Board in October 2001. However the Attorney-General invoked his powers under the 1995 Classification Act to have the board's decision reviewed. The Classification Review Board (a separate entity to the Classification Board) ruled in May 2002 that the film contains ""explicit, offensive and graphic depictions of sexual violence, assault and violence with an impact that is very, very high"" and ""dangerous to the community,"" resulting"
"a leading role Oscar. ""An American in Paris"" became the second color film to win Best Picture, after 1939's ""Gone with the Wind"". Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. These films had multiple nominations: The following films received multiple awards. 24th Academy Awards The 24th Academy Awards honored the best in film in 1951, as recognized by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Best Picture was awarded to ""An American in Paris"", which, like ""A Place in the Sun"", received six Academy Awards. ""A Streetcar Named Desire"" won four Oscars, including three of the acting"
"heavily favored ""High Noon"" lost to Cecil B. DeMille's ""The Greatest Show on Earth"", eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture. The American film magazine ""Premiere"" listed the film among the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine ""Empire"" rated it #3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners. It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture. Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year, only ""High Noon"", and ""Singin' in the Rain"" would show up 46"