"Independent State of Croatia kuna The kuna was the currency of the Independent State of Croatia in the period between 1941 and 1945 during World War II. The word ""kuna"" means ""marten"" in Croatian and the same word is used for the current Croatian kuna currency. This kuna was subdivided into 100 ""banica"". It was preceded and replaced by the Yugoslav dinar. The Croatian kuna was introduced in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) on 26 July 1941. The kuna replaced the Yugoslav dinar at par and was fixed to the German Reichsmark (ℛℳ) with dual exchange rates, one fixed"
"7.4:1 (HRK to EUR) rate. The country joined the European Union on 1 July 2013 and it plans to join the European Monetary System. The kuna is expected to be replaced by the euro, even though the initial time estimate of two to three years after joining the European Union proved too short. In 1994, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 lipa (Croatian word for linden or tilia tree), 1, 2, 5 and 25 kuna. The coins are issued in two versions: one with the name of the plant or animal in Croatian"
"the reverse side of all denominations. For the 100th anniversary of the Czechoslovak koruna, a new banknote will be created, featuring the face of Czech politician Alois Rašín. The currency was on a record exchange rate run in 2008. Most traded currencies (since 31 December 2008): Czech koruna The koruna (sign: Kč; code: CZK) is the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993, and in English it is sometimes referred to as Czech crown. The koruna is one of European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future. The official"
"Italy 13.1%, Slovenia 10.7%, Austria 9.2%, Hungary 7.8%, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $14.97 billion (31 December 2015 est.) Debt - external: $50.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) Currency: kuna (HRK) Exchange rates: kuna per US$1 – 6.8583 (2015), 5.7482 (2014), 5.7089 (2013), 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006), 5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003), 7.8687 (2002), 8.34 (2001), 8.2766 (2000), 7.112 (1999), 6.362 (1998), 6.157 (1997), 5.434 (1996), 5.230 (1995) Economy of Croatia The economy of Croatia is a service-based economy with the tertiary sector accounting for 70% of total gross domestic product (GDP). After the collapse of socialism, Croatia"
"Czech koruna The koruna (sign: Kč; code: CZK) is the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993, and in English it is sometimes referred to as Czech crown. The koruna is one of European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future. The official name in Czech is ""koruna česká"" (plural ""koruny české"", though the zero-grade genitive plural form ""korun českých"" is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the"
"and lower Pannonia (today Hungary and Slavonia), taxes were collected in the then highly valued marten skins. Hence the Croatian word ""marturina"" (""tax""), which derived from the Medieval Latin word for ""marten"" ""martus"", which came from Proto-Germanic ""*marþuz"" through Old Dutch and Old French (modern Croatian for ""marten"": ""kuna""). The kuna was a currency unit in several Slavic states, most notably Kievan Rus and its successors until the early 15th century. It was equal to (later ) gryvna of silver. It has no relation to the various Slavic currencies named ""koruna"" (translated as ""kruna"" in Croatian) which means ""crown"". In"
"Polish złoty, the Czech koruna, and the Hungarian forint), the two countries which joined on 1 January 2007 (the Bulgarian lev, and the Romanian leu) as well Croatia, which joined the EU on 1 July 2013 (the Croatian kuna), are required to join in accordance with the terms of the applicable treaties of accession. Sweden has voted in a referendum to stay out of the mechanism, despite being expected to join by the ECB, since Sweden has no opt-out like Denmark or the UK. EU members are required to join the ERM by the Maastricht convergence criteria. Bulgaria sent a"
"governor of the Croatian National Bank, stated that he would like the kuna to be replaced by the euro as soon as possible after accession. This must be at least two years after Croatia joins the ERM2 (in addition to it meeting other criteria). The Croatian National Bank had anticipated euro adoption within two or three years of EU entry. However, the EU's response to the ongoing financial crises in eurozone states may delay Croatia's adoption of the euro. The country's own contracting economy also poses a major challenge to it meeting the convergence criteria. While keen on euro adoption,"
"to an increase in popularity of snow sports such as skiing. With over 14 million tourists annually, tourism generates revenue in excess of €8 billion. Croatia is ranked among the top 20 most popular tourist destinations in the world, and was voted world's top tourism destination in 2005 by Lonely Planet. Trade plays a major role in Croatian economic output. In 2007 Croatia's exports were valued at USD 12.84 billion (24.7 billion including service exports). According to Healy Consultants, trade in Croatia is bolstered by its low trade-weighted average tariff of just 1.2%. Croatia's currency is the kuna, which was"
"members of the Eurozone include Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland use their currencies (Croatian kuna, Czech koruna, Hungarian forint, Polish złoty), but are obliged to adopt the Euro. Switzerland uses its own currency, Swiss franc. Countries in descending order of Human Development Index (2014 data): The index of globalization in Central European countries (2015 data): Legatum Prosperity Index demonstrates an average and high level of prosperity in Central Europe (2016 data): Most countries in Central Europe score tend to score above the average in the Corruption Perceptions Index (2015 data): According to"
"of the Icelandic Federation of Labour on 10 January 2012, said: , Icelandic authorities have no plans to adopt a foreign currency. Icelandic króna The króna (; plural krónur) (sign: kr; code: ISK) is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the smallest country to have its own currency and monetary policy. Like the Nordic currencies (such as the Danish krone, Swedish krona and Norwegian krone) that participated in the historical Scandinavian Monetary Union, the name ""króna"" (meaning ""crown"") comes from the Latin word ""corona"" (""crown""). The name ""Icelandic crown"" is sometimes used, for example in the financial markets. The word"
"II on 28 June 2004; the Cypriot pound, the Latvian lats and the Maltese lira on 2 May 2005; the Slovak koruna on 28 November 2005. These states have all since joined the eurozone, and hence left ERM II: Slovenia (1 January 2007), Cyprus (1 January 2008), Malta (1 January 2008), Slovakia (1 January 2009), Estonia (1 January 2011), Latvia (1 January 2014), and Lithuania (1 January 2015). As of 2016, only the Danish krone participates in ERM II. The currencies of Sweden (the Swedish krona), the three largest countries which joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 (the"
"Icelandic króna The króna (; plural krónur) (sign: kr; code: ISK) is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the smallest country to have its own currency and monetary policy. Like the Nordic currencies (such as the Danish krone, Swedish krona and Norwegian krone) that participated in the historical Scandinavian Monetary Union, the name ""króna"" (meaning ""crown"") comes from the Latin word ""corona"" (""crown""). The name ""Icelandic crown"" is sometimes used, for example in the financial markets. The word ""eyrir"" derives from Latin ""aureus"" (""golden""), there being historically 100 gold pieces to a crown. The Danish krone was introduced to Iceland"
"and banknotes circulated. In 1929, the name of the country changed to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and this was reflected on the currency. In 1931, an exchange rate of 56.4 dinara to the U.S. dollar was set, which changed to 44 dinara in 1933. In 1937, a tourist exchange rate of 250 dinara to the British pound was established. In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and split up, with the dinar remaining currency in Nedić's Serbia as Serbian dinar). The kuna was introduced in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (Independent State of Croatia) at par with the dinar, whilst the Bulgarian"
"at 20 kuna = 1 ℛℳ, the other a state-stimulated rate of The kuna was withdrawn from circulation from 30 June to 9 July 1945 and replaced by the 1944 issue of the Yugoslav dinar at a rate of 40 kuna = 1 dinar. Zinc coins were issued in denominations of 1 and 2 kune in 1941, but only the 2 kune pieces are available today in appreciable numbers. Kuna banknotes were introduced by the government in 1941, in denominations of 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 kuna. These were followed in 1942 by notes for 50 banicas and 1"
"the kuna as its currency. As a result of the macro-stabilization programs, the negative growth of GDP during the early 1990s stopped and turned into a positive trend. Post-war reconstruction activity provided another impetus to growth. Consumer spending and private sector investments, both of which were postponed during the war, contributed to the growth in 1995-1997. Croatia began its independence with a relatively low external debt because the debt of Yugoslavia was not shared among its former republics at the beginning. In March 1995 Croatia agreed with the Paris Club of creditor governments and took 28,5% of Yugoslavia's previously non-allocated"
"official currency. The euro is only used in the government-controlled areas of the Republic, the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (under UK jurisdiction, outside the EU) and in the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus. The de facto Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus continues to use the new Turkish lira as its primary currency and the euro as its secondary currency. Malta replaced the Maltese lira with the euro on 1 January 2008. The aims were officially confirmed on 26 February 2007. On 16 May 2007, the Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs of the EU, Joaquín Almunia,"
"current currency of the Republic of Croatia the kuna. The coins were first minted in Pakrac, and from 1260 in Zagreb. The legends are: Initials on the Árpád Dynasty coins are: Banovac Banovac, banski denar or banica is the name of a coin struck and used in Croatia between 1235 and 1384. The name is derived from two words, ""ban"" and ""denarius"". The word ""ban"" is a title of nobility used in Croatia, and roughly translates as ""viceroy"", whereas ""denarius"" is Latin for coins minted by the Roman Empire. Banovac included the image of a marten () - due to"
"Revolution. Slovenia became the first formerly communist nation to adopt the EU currency, the euro, in 2007, followed by Malta and Cyprus in 2008, and Slovakia in 2009. In 2011, Estonia became the first republic from the former Soviet Union to adopt the euro, followed by Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania in 2015. Recently, Croatia became the 28th member of the European Union, which had entered on the 1st day of July 2013. In 2008, the Global Financial Crisis, triggered by the housing bubble in the United States, caused a significant decline in the GDP of the majority of the"
"was the korona, which replaced its Austro-Hungarian counterpart at par. Hungary was the last country to fulfil the replacement obligation of the treaties and the stamps used for overstamping were very easy to copy, so a large portion of the common currency circulated in Hungary. This was a factor contributing to the process which finally led to a serious inflation. Finally, in 1927, the korona was replaced by the pengő at a rate of 12,500 korona = 1 pengő. Körmöcbánya (today: Kremnica, Slovakia), the site of the only mint of Hungary (since the Gyulafehérvár mint in Transylvania (today: Alba Iulia,"
"was the national currency and consisted of 100 haléřů. In 1986 the currency continued to be convertible only under restricted conditions and at official rates. Violation of exchange regulations constituted a serious offense. The koruna could be used only within the country and was not used in foreign trade. In 1987 the official, or commercial, exchange rate was Kcs5.4 per US$l; the tourist, or noncommercial, rate was Kcs10.5 per US$l. The koruna was legally defined in terms of 123 milligrams of gold, which provided a historical basis for the commercial rate. The main function of the banking system was to"
"do so. The Slovak koruna was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2009; there is currently no set or estimated date for the Czech koruna to be replaced. Annual increase in the consumer price index Czechoslovak koruna The Czechoslovak koruna (in Czech and Slovak: ""Koruna československá"", at times ""Koruna česko-slovenská""; ""koruna"" means ""crown"") was the currency of Czechoslovakia from April 10, 1919, to March 14, 1939, and from November 1, 1945, to February 7, 1993. For a brief time in 1939 and again in 1993, it was also the currency in separate Czech and Slovak republics. On February 8,"
"Ukrainian hryvnia The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya (, , approximately , abbr.: грн (""hrn"" in the Latin alphabet)); sign: ₴, code: UAH), has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996. The hryvnia is subdivided into 100 ""kopiyky"". It is named after a measure of weight used in medieval Kievan Rus'. The currency of Kievan Rus' in the eleventh century was called ""grivna"". The word is thought to derive from the Slavic ""griva""; c.f. Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian ""грива / griva"", meaning ""mane"". It might have indicated something valuable worn around the neck, usually made of silver or"
"Market as a member of the European Union, and is therefore a part of the economy of the European Union, but uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro. It has a per capita GDP rate that is 89% of the EU average and is a member of the OECD. Monetary policy is conducted by the Czech National Bank, whose independence is guaranteed by the Constitution. , the Czech GDP per capita at purchasing power parity is $35,223 (similar to Israel, Italy or Slovenia), $20,152 at nominal value and the GDP growth was 4.5% in 2017, giving"
"1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Finnish markka. Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia joined on 1 January 2014 and Lithuania joined on 1 January 2015. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to"
"have signed no monetary agreement with the ECB; rather the country depends only on euros already in circulation. Kosovo also still uses the Serbian dinar, which replaced the Yugoslav dinar, in areas mainly populated by the Serbian minority. During the 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis, instability in the króna led to discussion in Iceland about adopting the euro. However, Jürgen Stark, a Member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, has stated that ""Iceland would not be able to adopt the EU currency without first becoming a member of the EU"". Iceland subsequently applied for EU membership. As of"
"was not introduced until 1 January 2002, when it replaced the national banknotes and coins of the countries in eurozone 12, such as the Italian lira and the German mark. Slovenia joined the Eurozone in 2007, Cyprus and Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia joined on 1 January 2014. and Lithuania joined on 1 January 2015. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, going from 1 January 2002 until 28 February 2002. The official date on which the national currencies ceased"
"Republic of Yugoslavia (1998), Myanmar (2000), Zimbabwe (2002), Uzbekistan (2006) and Belarus (2006). The currency of Switzerland is the Swiss franc. Switzerland (with Liechtenstein) is in the unusual position of being surrounded by countries that use the euro. As a result, the euro is ""de facto"" accepted in many places, especially near borders and in tourist regions. Swiss Federal Railways accept euros, both at ticket counters and in automatic ticket machines. Also many public phones, vending machines or ticket machines accept euro coins. Many shops and smaller businesses that accept euros take notes only, and give change in Swiss francs,"
"with copper plated steel. The obverse of the coins feature the coat of arms of Slovakia, with motifs from Slovak history on the reverses. Coins were exchangeable for euros at the National Bank of Slovakia until January 2, 2014. At midnight on 31 December 1992, the Czechoslovak Republic bifurcated into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. In 1993, the newly independent Slovakia introduced its own koruna, replacing the Czechoslovak koruna at par. Provisional banknotes were issued in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 korún by affixing stamps bearing the coat of arms of Slovakia and the denomination"
"considering making the euro a third official currency of the country to go along with the US dollar and the Balboa. In various countries the euro is accepted by some merchants albeit not being official currency there. Additionally sometimes it is used for pricing purposes even if the actual payments are made in the official currency (e.g., for real estate). The Swedish town of Höganäs has, since 1 January 2009, generally allowed shop payments in euros alongside the Swedish krona. Widespread usage, though unofficial, is also present in towns such as Haparanda, on the border with Finland. The euro is"
"and testimonies about the battle and its symbolism, calling it variously ""the phenomenon"", ""the pride"", ""the hell"" and ""the Croatian knight"". Writers appealed to the ""Vukovar principle"", the ""spirituality of Vukovar"" and ""Vukovar ethics"", the qualities said to have been exhibited by the defenders and townspeople. Croatian war veterans were presented with medals bearing the name of Vukovar. In 1994, when Croatia replaced the Croatian dinar with its new currency, the kuna, it used the destroyed Eltz Castle in Vukovar and the Vučedol Dove – an artefact from an ancient Neolithic culture centred on eastern Slavonia, which was discovered near"
"Norway, and the EU countries. However, many of Iceland's political parties remain opposed to EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources. Iceland also has bilateral free trade agreements with several countries outside the EEA. The most extensive of these is the Hoyvík Agreement between Iceland and the Faroe Islands, this agreement goes even further than the EEA agreement by establishing free trade in agricultural products between the nations. Iceland has a free trade agreement with Mexico on November 27, 2000. The currency of Iceland is the ""króna"" (plural: ""krónur""), issued exclusively by the"
"is our statutory duty and we will of course continue to live up to it,"" concluded Deputy Governor Cecilia Skingsley. Swedish krona The krona (; plural: ""kronor""; sign: kr; code: SEK) is the official currency of Sweden. Both the ISO code ""SEK"" and currency sign ""kr"" are in common use; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, especially in the past, it sometimes preceded the value. In English, the currency is sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown, as ""krona"" literally means crown in Swedish. The Swedish krona was the ninth-most traded currency in"