"on every continent except Antarctica. They are the only terrestrial placental mammals to have colonized Australia and New Guinea without human intervention. Humans have also allowed the animals to spread to many remote oceanic islands (e.g., the Polynesian rat). Rodents have adapted to almost every terrestrial habitat, from cold tundra (where they can live under snow) to hot deserts. Some species such as tree squirrels and New World porcupines are arboreal, while some, such as gophers, tuco-tucos, and mole rats, live almost completely underground, where they build complex burrow systems. Others dwell on the surface of the ground, but may"
"range of biodiversity and ecosystems. The tiger, one-horned rhino, golden langur, clouded leopard, hispid hare and the sloth bear live in the lush tropical lowland and hardwood forests in the south. In the temperate zone, grey langur, tiger, common leopard, goral and serow are found in mixed conifer, broadleaf and pine forests. Fruit bearing trees and bamboo provide habitat for the Himalayan black bear, red panda, squirrel, sambar, wild pig and barking deer. The alpine habitats of the great Himalayan range in the north are home to the snow leopard, blue sheep, marmot, Tibetan wolf, antelope and Himalayan musk deer."
"around the hills, but left mostly gravel and boulder-sized debris on the hills, along with much water in the depressions left behind by ice and stone during the preceding glacial era. The vegetation is typically of part of the dry mixedwood boreal forest natural subregion, a transitional zone on the south edge of the boreal forest, but is surrounded by aspen parkland. This island of boreal forest in the south means that both boreal animal species (moose, black bear, Canada lynx) and grassland animal species (sharp-tailed grouse, mule deer) live in the region. Nearby landscapes include Beaverhill Lake just to"
"mixture of habitat types and plant species. Wildlife species typically found in these habitats include black bear, coyote, raccoon, mountain kingsnake, Gilbert's skink, white-headed woodpecker, bobcat, river otter, gray fox, red fox, brown creeper, two species of skunk, cougar, spotted owl, and a wide variety of bat species. Going higher in elevation, the coniferous forests become purer stands of red fir, western white pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine, and the occasional foxtail pine. Fewer wildlife species tend to be found in these habitats, because of their higher elevation and lower complexity. Species likely to be found include golden-mantled ground squirrel,"
"here, the ecosystems become more diverse. Some areas are covered in temperate grassland, while others are covered in temperate forest, dominated by deciduous trees. The southern extent of the Holarctic typically reaches into the desert, which is dominated by plants and animals adapted to the dry conditions (Schultz 2007). A variety of animal species are distributed across continents, throughout much of the Holarctic realm. Some of these included the brown bear, grey wolf, red fox, wolverine, moose, caribou, golden eagle and the common raven. The brown bear (""Ursus arctos"") is found in mountainous and semi-open areas distributed throughout the Holarctic."
"with a floor blanketed in ferns, mountain laurel and rhododendron thickets. But on the broad ridge top where the climate is the most severe, the lush vegetation gives way to stunted, scattered trees, open heath land, and tundra plants left over from the ice ages. Many of the plants and animals here are typically found in the North, such as snowshoe hare, saw-whet owls, boreal red-backed voles, and fisher. It is also a prime raptor and warbler-watching site during autumn migration and a popular berry-picking spot in midsummer. The area around Bear Rocks supports subalpine heathlands dominated by shrubs such"
"are the bats, carnivores (""including the pinnipeds""), artiodactyls, cetaceans, insectivores, and rodents (""including the lagomorphs""). There are fewer varieties of species as elevation increases which corresponds to the Taiga and Boreal Shield and Cypress Hills Uplands econzones. Mammals which endure the harsh environment in the far north Taiga shield, Boreal Shield and Boreal Plain ecozones are American black bear (""Ursus americanus""), barren-ground caribou (""Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus""), western moose (""Alces alces anderson""), hoary bat (""Lasiurus cinereus""), wolverine (""Gulo gulo""), American marten (""Martes americana""), timber wolf (""Canis lupus occidentalis""), red fox (""Vulpes vulpes""), mink (""Neovison vison""), snowshoe hare (""Lepus americanus""), and red-backed"
"glauca"") are the two most common trees, with lodgepole pine (""Pinus contorta"" subsp. ""latifolia"") being found in very dry or burnt sites. South-facing, low elevation slopes are often characterised by grassland communities. Dwarf birch, willow and subalpine fir (""Abies lasiocarpa"") are found the subalpine zone below the tree line, while the alpine zone above supports a sparse vegetative cover consisting of mountain avens, dwarf shrubs, forbs, grasses and lichen. Mammals of this ecoregion include caribou (""Rangifer tarandus""), moose (""Alces alces""), mountain goat (""Oreamnus americanus""), Dall sheep (""Ovis dalli""), grizzly bear (""Ursos arctos horriblus""), black bear (""Ursus americanus""), gray wolf (""Canis"
"forests ecoregion It is an environmentally sensitive area and is home to several rare and threatened plants and animals, including: trout lilies, wood anemones, ginseng, spotted salamander, pileated woodpecker, bobcat, wood turtle, barred owl, bobolink, Cooper's hawk, grasshopper sparrow, Savannah sparrow, upland sandpiper, and the scarlet tanager. The Sourlands serve as a stopover area for migratory birds that travel between South and Central America and the Arctic as well as forest birds migrating between Washington, D.C., and Boston. The area also supports a large population of deep-woods birds such as scarlet tanagers and barred owls. Being the largest contiguous forest"
"herbivorous animals include algae and bacteria. Insect herbivores target the shade-tolerant tree species. They cause a substantial amount of damage to the leaves of plants. There is more herbivory in tropical forests than in temperate forests. Many organisms are directly affected by the formation of light gaps. In a tropical forest, butterflies, which are great biodiversity indicators, exemplify this notion. Out of twenty various species, each has ecological and behavioral requirements that can be found in both opened and closed canopy gaps. Males will claim certain gaps as their territory to protect the patch from other males, in hopes to"
"robur L.) and field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). Inside the woodland are numerous ecological niches (dead wood in different stages of decomposition, shady and humid microenvironments alternated with little meadows) which are essential for the life of many biodiversity taxa (insects, small mammals, mushrooms, plants) linked to wild forests; indeed these species aren’t able to survive in more conventional urban green areas. Until now, field surveys reported at least 150 plant species, most of them typical of woodland or ecotones environment. Regarding bird life, researchers highlight the presence of European robin (Erithacus rubecula), a species which normally doesn’t nest in"
"falls within the Dinaric alpine mixed forests terrestrial ecoregion of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest. Forests occupy 68% of the landscape's total area, with dense coniferous and deciduous forest. The vertebrate fauna of the landscape consists of 209 species and is represented by 44 species of mammals, 130 species of birds, 23 species of reptile and as well as 12 species of amphibia. The brown bear, grey wolf and lynx inhabit the forested regions. The red fox, roe deer, wild boar, red squirrel, european otter, hazel dormouse, and mediterranean horseshoe bat are the primary predatory mammals. A total"
"was the most abundant mammal found. The prairie deer mice occur in the sparsely vegetated and dry areas. The white-footed mouse is primarily in the woods but lives in a variety of habitats. Savanna is primarily a thinly wooded habitat that tends to favor the white-footed mouse over the prairie deer mouse. The prairie deer mouse prefer areas where the canopy is thinner and when the undergrowth is thin. Additionally, this habitat included: masked shrews, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, eastern chipmunks, southern flying squirrel, and the common raccoon. Seen in the oak savanna were the white-tailed deer; eastern mole, woodchuck, and"
"peristalsis, as in earthworms, or other methods. In loose solids such as sand some animals, such as the golden mole, marsupial mole, and the pink fairy armadillo, are able to move more rapidly, 'swimming' through the loose substrate. Burrowing animals include moles, ground squirrels, naked mole-rats, tilefish, and mole crickets. Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. Some animals may only scale trees occasionally, while others are exclusively arboreal. These habitats pose numerous mechanical challenges to animals moving through them, leading to a variety of anatomical, behavioural and ecological consequences as well as variations throughout different species. Furthermore,"
"use of this area is transitory as the area habitat is transitory. Upland terrestrial shrubland are disturbed areas between grassy old field or savanna and wooded habitats. Species found The meadow voles and shrews reflect the former fields rather than the current shrubs. In the woody vegetation there is a range of animals from small to large including meadow voles, short-tailed shrews, white-footed mice, raccoons, masked shrew. prairie deer mouse, prairie vole, and meadow jumping mouse. Signs of white-tailed deer, eastern cottontail, eastern chipmunk, eastern fox squirrel, domestic dog, and red fox were found. The lakeshore includes three types of"
"foothills and river valleys between the mountain ranges provide a mosaic of cropland and deciduous parklands. The rare woodland caribou have the most restricted range living at higher altitudes in the subalpine meadows and alpine tundra areas of some of the mountain ranges. Elk and mule deer both migrate between the alpine meadows and lower coniferous forests and tend to be most common in this region. Elk also inhabit river valley bottomlands, which they share with White-tailed deer. The White-tailed deer have recently expanded their range within the foothills and river valley bottoms of the Canadian Rockies owing to conversion"
"stands. Animal and vegetation associations from each type combine to create considerable diversity of habitat which is typical of either spruce or aspen stands. The mixture of the transition soils provides an attractive environment with either pure spruce or pure aspen woodlands. An example of a bird which prefers a mixed wood habitat is the yellow-rumped warbler. The mixedwood forest wetlands consist mainly of bogs, fens and marshes. Black spruce, tamarack, willow and bog and sphagnum mosses are the major vegetation types found in these lowlands. Dwarf birch and sedges cover large, wet areas with jack pine occurring on the"
"The environment consists of diverse landscapes and vegetation ecosystems including boreal forests and muskeg, with deciduous and coniferous forests mixed with wetlands and fens. This provides habitat for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) which are Endangered Species in Alberta and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos). These along beaver (Castor canadensis) and northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), are considered to be the focal wildlife species in the Park. Other species include including, muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), marten (Martes americana), fisher (Martes pennanti), moose (Alces alces), gray wolf (Canis lupus), lynx (Lynx canadensis), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), and numerous other small"
"In the Piney Woods in the Ark-La-Tex-region, Mammals such as the North American cougar, gray fox, feral hogs (razorback), and snakes such as the western cottonmouth, the western worm snake, the Louisiana pine snake, as well as other animals are common. Louisiana’s largest forest, the Kisatchie National Forest in the forested hills of Central Louisiana, has 155 species of breeding birds, 48 mammal species, 56 reptile species and 30 amphibian species. It is some 600,000 acres in area, more than half of which is vital flatwoods vegetation, which supports many rare plant and animal species. These include for instance the"
"forests. Bristlecone pine (""Pinus aristata"") is the dominant plant at the tree line/krummholz zone. Aside from coniferous forests, the ecoregion contains meadows, foothill grasslands, riparian woodlands and alpine tundra. Mammals include elk (""Cervus canadensis""), mule deer (""Odocoileus hemonius""), black bear (""Ursus americanus""), wolverine (""Gulo gulo""), North American cougar (""Puma concolor""), Canada lynx (""Lynx canadensis""), and American marten (""Martes americana""). Grizzly bears (""Ursus arctos horriblis"") may exist in this region but there has not been a confirmed sighting of a grizzly in Colorado since ""1979"". While this ecoregion is listed as ""relatively stable/intact"", it is threatened by logging, mining, oil and"
"subalpine fir and in the lower boundary the grand fir and Douglas fir dominate. There is a variety of understory vegetation in this ecoregion that includes pinegrass, elk sedge, sedges, low shrubs, vine maple, white alder, and huckleberry. This diverse landscape offers habitat to many species including grazers such as deer, elk, black bear, herbivores, and a variety of birds. A variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds and arthropods are found in the North Cascades. A small number of grizzly bears (""Ursus arctos horribilis"") inhabit the far northern Cascades, near the Canada–United States border. A breeding pack of wolves was"
"rests and overwinters. In the ponds amongst the grasslands there are amphibians like the common toad, smooth newt, water frog, common frog and moor frog as well as grass snakes. The hedgerows are used by many animals including the red-backed shrike, great spotted woodpecker and tawny owl. In the near-natural riparian woods, ash and alder trees abound. In spring yellow wood anemone, bulbous corydalis and lesser celandine blossom in the woods. Opposite-leaved golden saxifrage and primrose grow on the wetter tracts of the nature reserve. There are also marsh marigold meadows which are also graced by flowers such as the"
"or beak of razor (Rhanfastus sulfuratus and Pteroglosus torcuatus), lora yellow nape (Amazon ochrocephala), perico green of the coast (Aratinga finschi), king zopilote or condor centroamericano (Sarcoramphus pope), Eumops glaucinus. Between the reptiles are the yellow beard (Botrox atrox), tamagás (Botrox nasuta), Porthidium nasutum, boa (Constrictor imperatur), cascabel (Crotalus durissus), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), alligator coffee (Caiman cocodrylus fuscus), lizard ( Cocodrylus acutus), serpent of choral, Acanthopleura granulata, Basiliscus vittatus. Other reptiles are the iguanas that mimetizan with the tones varied of the forest; the freshwater turtles like the caguama (Caretta caretta) and between the amphibians are abundant the toads"
"probabilities of occurrence within the geographic range or with other associated species. These animals are found in a wide variety of habitats, including alpine meadows and shrubby areas, often near streams. They may live in dense forests of conifers or in more arid, sagebrush type of habitats. They are common in areas of disturbed habitat, including areas of recent fire, deforestation, or mining. In Alaska, they do well in areas where clear-cuts have been taken. In the Yukon, they are found among spruce forests and where buffaloberry grow. In the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, they reside among marshes of hardstem"
"boreal mugwort and alpine lichens and mosses. Bog birch less than in height form at lower elevations of this biophysical zone. Common plants on the sparsely vegetated slopes of the Level Mountain Range are sedges, prickly and alpine brook saxifrages, dwarf willows, moss campion, Arctic bluegrass and alpine lichens and mosses. Several animal species inhabit Level Mountain, notably brown bears, wolves, long-tailed jaegers, caribou, mountain goats, ptarmigans, moose, long-tailed ducks and Stone sheep. Wolves occupy valleys and use the alpine areas for hunting and denning. Brown bears are common in the alpine and are potential predators of newborn caribou calves."
"source of revenue for the local people, with the ornamental leaves harvested carefully to avoid killing the plant. Types of vegetation cover include: The forest forms a vital biological corridor between North and Central America and has very diverse zoology, lying at the conjunction between the Nearctic and Neotropic ecozones and spanning a range of montane and lowland habitats. It is home to species that include the ocelot, tapir, and puma. Highly threatened species include jaguar, spider monkey, white-lipped peccary, horned guan, quetzal and harpy eagle. There are estimated to be more than 600 bird species, including great curassow, crested"
"species of ""Ursus"" such as the Etruscan bear, and smaller deer (""Capreolus,"" ""Cervus,"" ""Dama, Haploidoceros"") with several mammoth steppe species, such as lynx, tarpan, wolves, dholes, moose, Giant deer, woodland bison, leopards, and aurochs. Woolly rhinoceros and mammoth occasionally resided in these temperate biomes, mixing with predominately temperate fauna to escape harsh glacials. In warmer wetlands, European water buffalo and hippopotamus were present. Although these habitats were restricted to micro refugia and to Southern Europe and its fringes, being in Iberia, Italy, the Balkans, Ukraine's Black Sea basin, the Caucasus, and Western Asia, during inter-glacials these biomes had a far"
"which traits are often sorted among amphibians, reptiles, mammals, avafauna, arthropods and lower life forms. For many amphibians, an annual breeding cycle applies, typically regulated by ambient temperature, precipitation, availability of surface water and food supply. This breeding season is accentuated in temperate regions, where prolonged aestivation or hibernation renders many amphibian species inactive for prolonged periods. Breeding habitats are typically ponds and streams. Annual breeding cycles sometimes apply to mammals, with regulating environmental effects including seasonal temperature variation and food availability. Migration patterns of a mammal may sometimes govern breeding times. Mammal breeding in the wild sometimes involves the"
"ibex are not represented side by side. Conversely, one can note a bison-horses-lions system and an aurochs-horses-deer-bears system, these animals being frequently associated. Such a distribution may show the relationship between the species pictured and their environmental conditions. Aurochs and bison fight one against the other, and horses and deer are very social with other animals. Bison and lions live in open plains areas; aurochs, deer and bears are associated with forests and marshes; ibex habitat is rocky areas, and horses are highly adaptive for all these areas. The Lascaux paintings' disposition may be explained by a belief in the"
"North American birds and mammals. The area includes outdoor enclosures in three zones: the ""Aspen Woodlands"", the ""Northern Forest"", and the ""Rocky Mountains"". Animals in the enclosures include dall sheep, swift foxes, river otters, caribou, bighorn sheep, mountain goats, grizzly bears, muskoxen, sandhill cranes, black bears, cougars, wood bison, and grey wolves. This aviary includes a barred owl, whooping crane, golden eagle, great grey owl, bald eagle, snowy owl, and rough-legged hawk. The outdoor gardens are among the zoo's most popular attractions and include the ""Dorothy Harvie Gardens"". The zoo's sheltered location supports many marginally hardy plant species. The conservatory"
"ecology is that wildlife is varied. Predators such as coyotes and the occasional mountain lion, swift fox, and kit fox are attracted by the area's mammals for feed. Pocket gophers, badgers, sage grouse, sage sparrows, and the sage thrasher are associated with the sagebrush habitat. The Red Desert is home to a range of burrowing animals. The white-tailed prairie dog, Great Basin spadefoot toad, tiger salamander, pygmy rabbits, and sagebrush lizards all go underground for protection from the desert's extreme weather and predators. Similarly, the burrowing owl nests and roosts underground, typically in burrows dug by prairie dogs. Migratory summer"
"south-east. The upper montane forest is dominated by ""Podocarpus"" trees. Above this is the timberline forest, characterized by ""Hagenia"" (rosewood). Directly above the treeline are heathland (on the wetter aspect) and subalpine chaparral (on the drier aspects). Higher up the mountain the vegetation becomes more specially adapted to the cold in the Afro-alpine zone, and the largely unvegetated area that has until recently been glaciated is known as the nival zone. There are plant species typical of each zone, with those at higher altitudes often exhibiting striking specializations. Approximately three-quarters of Afro-alpine vegetation is endemic. Vertebrate animals move between different"
"includes bacteria, fungi, lichens, mosses and other plants, and in the animal kingdom, invertebrates such as termites, ants, beetles, and snails, amphibians such as salamanders, reptiles such as the slow-worm, as well as birds and small mammals. One third of all woodland birds live in the cavities of dead tree trunks. Woodpeckers, tits, chickadees, and owls all live in dead trees, and grouse shelter behind woody debris. Some plants use coarse woody debris as habitat. Mosses and lichens may cover logs, while ferns and trees may regenerate on the top of logs. Large fragments of CWD that provide such habitat"