"was built into the corner of a junction between two Roman streets. The study concluded that Roman building ruins and old street remains were in some cases used as a template for later property divisions. The name of the town and the River Colne are also a legacy of the Romans. ""Colchester"" (first appearing in written form in the 10th Century as ""Colencaester"" and ""Colneceastre"") is a Saxon name derived from the Latin words ""Colonia"" and ""Castra"", with the River Colne also taking its name from ""Colonia"". Camulodunum Camulodunum (; ), the Ancient Roman name for what is now Colchester"
"coming from Reims, Arlon, Kruishoutem, Rindern, Mainz, Bar Hill Fort near the Antonine Wall, Sarmizegetusa and Southwark, London The town Camulodunum (now Colchester) in Essex may have been named after him (and is the conjectured basis for the legendary city Camelot). Camulodunum is a Latinised form of the Brittonic ""Camulodūnon"" from ""Camulos"" plus ""dūnon"" ""(hill)fort, stronghold"", a reference to the town's extensive Iron Age earthwork defences. Attempts from the 20th century and earlier to link the name ""Camulus"" with the nursery rhyme character Old King Cole, and with Irish mythological Cumhall, the hero Fionn's father, have been rejected by contemporary"
"the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The town's official name was ""Colonia Claudia Victricensis"" (City of Claudius’ Victory), but it was known colloquially by contemporaries as ""Camulodunum"" or simply ""Colonia"". The colonia became a large industrial centre, and was the largest, and for a short time the only, place in the province of Britannia where samian ware was produced, along with glasswork and metalwork, and a coin mint. Roman brick making and wine growing also took place in the area. Colonia Victricensis contained many large townhouses, with dozens of mosaics and tessellated pavements found, along with hypocausts and sophisticated waterpipes and"
"rebuilt on a larger scale and flourished, growing larger in size than its pre-Boudican levels (to 108 acres/45 ha) despite its loss of status to Londinium, reaching its peak in the Second and 3rd centuries. The town's official name was ""Colonia Claudia Victricensis"" (City of Claudius’ Victory), but it was known colloquially by contemporaries (such as on the monument of Gnaeus Munatius Aurelius Bassus in Rome - ""see below"") as ""Camulodunum"" or simply ""Colonia"". The colonia became a large industrial centre, and was the largest, and for a short time the only, place in the province of Britannia where samian"
"Brythonic-Celtic fortress following its conquest by the Emperor Claudius. After the early town was destroyed during the Iceni rebellion in 60/1 AD, it was rebuilt, reaching its zenith in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. During this time it was known by its official name Colonia Claudia Victricensis ('), often shortened to Colonia Victricensis""', and as ""Camulodunum"", a Latinised version of its original Brythonic name. The town was home to a large classical Temple, two theatres (including Britain's largest), several Romano-British temples, Britain's only known chariot circus, Britain's first town walls, several large cemeteries and over 50 known mosaics and tessellated"
"Britain led in person by the Emperor Claudius in 43 CE, a Legionary fortress was established at ""Camulodunon"", the Iron Age capital of the Trinovantes and Catuvellauni tribes. This fortress was later converted into a town for retired soldiers in 49 CE, and was renamed ""Camulodunum"", a Latin rendition of the Celtic name of the site. The town was the capital of the new province of Britannia, and had several public building befitting its status. These included a theatre, a ""curia"" (council chamber), forum and a large classical-style Temple. Construction of the Temple began during Claudius' reign, and was dedicated"
"Romanized Britons looked back to a golden age of peace and prosperity under Rome, the name ""Camelot"" of Arthurian legend may have referred to the capital of Britannia (""Camulodunum"", modern Colchester) in Roman times. It is unclear, however, where Chrétien de Troyes would have encountered the name ""Camulodunum"", or why he would render it as ""Camaalot"", though Urban T. Holmes argued in 1929 that Chretien had access to Book 2 of Pliny's ""Natural History"", where it is rendered as ""Camaloduno"". Given Chrétien's known tendency to create new stories and characters, being the first to mention the hero Lancelot's love affair"
"would be impossible and inconceivable to link him to the Colchester area, or to Essex more generally,"" pointing out that the connection between the name Camulodunum and Colchester was unknown until the 18th century. Professor Peter Fields has suggested that another Camulodunum, a former Roman fort, is a likely location of King Arthur's Camelot and that ""Slack, on the outskirts of Huddersfield in West Yorkshire,"" is where Arthur would have held court. This is because of the name, and also regarding its strategic location: it is but a few miles from the extreme South-West of Hen Ogledd (also making close"
"the Catuvellauni, Britain's most powerful tribe at the time of Caesar's invasion of 54 BC. Some time before Claudius's conquest of AD 43, power shifted to the Trinovantes, who held the region northeast of the Thames Estuary from a capital at Camulodunum, nowadays Colchester in Essex. Claudius imposed a major ""colonia"" on Camulodunum, and made it the capital city of the new Roman province of Britannia. The first London Bridge was built by the Romans as part of their road-building programme, to help consolidate their conquest. The first bridge was probably a Roman military pontoon type, giving a rapid overland"
"that the area around Maidenhead's present town centre was a small Roman settlement called Alaunodunum. He stated that it had all but disappeared by the end of the Roman occupation. Although his source is unknown, there is documented and physical evidence of Roman settlement in the town. There are two well known villa sites in the town, one being in the suburb of Cox Green, and the other just west of the town centre on Castle Hill. This villa sat on the route of the Camlet Way which was a Roman road linking Silchester (Calleva Atrebatum) and Colchester (Camulodunum) via"
"Temple of Claudius, Colchester The Temple of Claudius (TEMPLVM CLAVDII) or Temple of the Deified Claudius (TEMPLVM DIVI CLAVDII) was a large ""octastyle"" temple built in Camulodunum, the modern Colchester in Essex. The main building was constructed between 49 and 60 CE, although additions were built throughout the Roman-era. Today it forms the base of the Norman Colchester Castle. It is one of at least eight Roman-era pagan temples in Colchester, and was the largest Temple of its kind in Roman Britain; its current remains potentially represent the earliest existing Roman stonework in the country. After the Roman conquest of"
"the Roman conquest of Britain it was already a centre of power for Cunobelin – known to Shakespeare as Cymbeline – king of the Catuvellauni (c.5 BC – AD 40), who minted coins there. Its Celtic name, Camulodunon, variously represented as CA, CAM, CAMV, CAMVL and CAMVLODVNO on the coins of Cunobelinus, means 'the fortress of [the war god] Camulos'. During the 30s AD Camulodunon controlled a large swathe of Southern and Eastern Britain, with Cunobelin called """"King of the Britons"""" by Roman writers. Camulodunon is sometimes popularly considered one of many possible sites around Britain for the legendary (perhaps"
"have made an impression on the Britons when they were displayed in the large tribal centre of Camulodunum, modern day Colchester. The Roman ""colonia"" of ""Colonia Claudia Victricensis"" was established as the provincial capital of the newly established province of Britannia at Camulodunum, where a large Temple was dedicated in his honour. He left after 16 days, but remained in the provinces for some time. The Senate granted him a triumph for his efforts. Only members of the Imperial family were allowed such honours, but Claudius subsequently lifted this restriction for some of his conquering generals. He was granted the"
"tenable Camelot. Modern archaeologists follow him in rejecting the name, calling it instead Cadbury Castle hill fort. Despite this, Cadbury remains widely associated with Camelot. The name of the Romano-British town of Camulodunum in Essex was derived from the Celtic god Camulus. However, it was located well within territory usually thought to have been conquered early in the 5th century by Saxons, so it is unlikely to have been the location of any ""true"" Camelot. The town was definitely known as Colchester as early as the ""Anglo-Saxon Chronicle"" in 917. Even Colchester Museum argues strongly regarding the historical Arthur: ""It"
"Clausentum Clausentum was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia. The site is believed to be located in Bitterne, which is now a suburb of Southampton. Antonine Itinerary VII documents the Roman settlement of ""Clausentum"" as being west of ""Noviomagus Reginorum"" (Chichester) and from ""Venta Belgarum"" (Winchester). In 1610, William Camden identified Southampton as being the site of ""Clausentum"" and described how at Bitterne he had seen ""old broken walls, and trenches of an antient castle"". Around 1770, John Speed claimed that ""Clausentum"" was in the area that is now known as Bitterne Manor. In 1792, the Richard"
"full. Boudica protested. In consequence, Rome punished her and her daughters by flogging and rape. In response, the Iceni, joined by the Trinovantes, destroyed the Roman colony at Camulodunum (Colchester) and routed the part of the IXth Legion that was sent to relieve it. Suetonius Paulinus rode to London (then called Londinium), the rebels' next target, but concluded it could not be defended. Abandoned, it was destroyed, as was Verulamium (St. Albans). Between seventy and eighty thousand people are said to have been killed in the three cities. But Suetonius regrouped with two of the three legions still available to"
"While the governor Suetonius was pursuing a campaign on the isle of Anglesey, Boudicca, angered by maltreatment at the hands of the Romans, urged her people to rise up. They did, and marched on Camulodonum (now Colchester), where many former Roman soldiers had settled. The Romans in Camulodonum were massacred after a brief fight. Meanwhile, the Legio IX Hispana (Ninth Legion) had been sent south from Lindum (now Lincoln) to put down the revolt. It failed to arrive in time, and, when it encountered the Celts, was annihilated. The battle, however, may have enabled Governor Suetonius to arrive in Londinium"
"and raped her daughters, the Iceni revolted. They were joined by the Trinovantes tribe, and their uprising became the most significant provincial rebellion of the 1st century. Under Boudicca the towns of Camulodunum (Colchester), Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans) were burned and a substantial body of legion infantry destroyed. The governor of the province Gaius Suetonius Paulinus assembled his remaining forces and defeated the Britons and restored order but for a while Nero considered abandoning the province. Julius Classicianus replaced Decianus as procurator. Classicianus advised Nero to replace Paulinus, who continued to punish the population even after the rebellion"
"314 Council of Arles is patently corrupt but generally assumed to have mimicked the Roman administration: the identification of Lindum Colonia as a provincial capital rests on proposed emendations of one or the other of the bishops from the cities ""Londinensi"" and ""colonia Londinensium"". Those emendations are highly speculative: Bishop Ussher proposed ""Colonia"", Selden ""Camaloden"" or ""Camalodon"", and Spelman ""Camalodunum"" (all various names of Colchester); Camden took it as Caerleon, with Bishop Stillingfleet and Thackery proposing that a scribal error created ""Civ. Col. Londin."" from an original ""Civ. Col. Leg. II"" (Caerleon). Describing the metropolitan sees of the early British"
"Moridunum (Carmarthen) Moridunum was a Roman fort and town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Carmarthen, located in the Welsh county of Carmarthenshire (formerly in the county of Dyfed). Moridunum ( ""sea fort"") was the civitas capital of the Demetae tribe in Roman Wales and was recorded by Ptolemy and in the Antonine Itinerary. The initial fort is believed to date from about AD 75, possibly replacing the hillfort on Merlin's Hill. The fort lasted until about 120, when the associated civilian vicus took over and the place became a town. A street-grid was laid"
"Wales), the Iceni allied with their neighbours the Trinovantes, whose former capital, Camulodunum (Colchester), was now a colony for Roman veterans. To add insult to injury, the Romans had erected a huge temple to former emperor Claudius in the city, built at local expense. The rebels descended on Camulodunum and destroyed it, killing all those who could not escape. Boudica and her army headed for Londinium (London). So did Suetonius and a small portion of his army but, arriving ahead of the rebels, he concluded he did not have the numbers to defend Londinium and ordered the city evacuated before"
"Londinium (London) and southeastern England. Following the Roman conquest of Britain, it was administered as a single province from Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Londinium (London) until the Severan Reforms following the revolt of its governor Clodius Albinus. These divided the territory into Upper and Lower Britain (""Britannia Superior"" and ""Inferior""), whose respective capitals were at Londinium and Eboracum (York). During the first phases of the Diocletian Reforms, Britain was under the control of the Allectus's Britannic Empire as part of the Carausian Revolt. At some point after the territory was retaken by Constantius Chlorus in 296, the Diocese of the"
"possibly reaching the Irish Sea and including the lands of the Iceni. Its capital is sometimes placed at Lindum Colonia (Lincoln). Following the Roman conquest of Britain, it was administered as a single province from Camulodunum (Colchester) and then Londinium (London) until the Severan Reforms following the revolt of its governor Clodius Albinus. These divided the territory into Upper and Lower Britain (""Britannia Superior"" and ""Inferior""), whose respective capitals were at Londinium and Eboracum (York). During the first phases of the Diocletian Reforms, Britain was under the control of the Allectus's Britannic Empire as part of the Carausian Revolt. At"
"the few Roman settlements in Britain designated as a ""Colonia"" rather than a ""Municipia"", meaning that in legal terms it was an extension of the city of Rome, not a provincial town. Its inhabitants therefore had Roman citizenship. Of the two provincial administrators the senatorial military governor was always located in areas of conflict, whilst the civilian Procurator’s office had moved from Camulodunum to the new port of Londinium sometime around the Boudican Revolt. However the Colonia did retain the Imperial cult centre and priesthood at the Temple of Claudius. The colonia was at the centre of a large territorium"
"from the River Ver to the River Lea. The Latinised name for the oppidum, and the Roman city which replaced it, was Verulamium. In Saxon times St Albans was founded on an adjacent hill. Verulamium Museum, which mainly showcases Roman items, has a pre-Roman section. Verlamion Verlamion, or Verlamio, was a settlement in Iron Age Britain. It was the centre of Tasciovanus' power and a major center of the Catuvellauni from about 20 BC until shortly after the Roman invasion of AD 43. Its location was on Prae Hill, 2 km to the west of modern St Albans. The etymology"
"""Camulodensium"" (although Lincoln and Gloucester are other possible candidates). The formal collapse of Roman administration in the province occurred in the years 409-411. Activity in the 5th century continued in Camulodunum at a much reduced level, with evidence of at the Butt Road site showing that it briefly carrying on into the early 5th century. Several burials within the towns walls have been dated to the 5th century. These include two burials discovered at East Hill House in 1983, which have been surgically decapitated (in a fashion found in both Pre-Roman and some early pagan-Saxon burial practices), and other burials"
"and Head Gate, whilst the Decumanus Maximus, the main East-West street, ran between Balkerne Gate and East Gate, and have their origins in the Legionary fortresses two main axial streets. They were well paved, had drainage channels and were fronted with houses and shops. Many included footways, a feature that is rare in other Roman British towns. The rest of the colonia was gridded into around forty blocks known as insula, with paved streets and colonnaded paths between. As well as a system of local roads leading to settlements around the colony, Camulodunum was linked to the rest of the"
"One of their leaders, Togodumnus, was killed, but his brother Caratacus survived to continue resistance elsewhere. Plautius halted at the Thames and sent for Claudius, who arrived with reinforcements, including artillery and elephants, for the final march to the Catuvellaunian capital, Camulodunum (Colchester). Vespasian subdued the southwest, Cogidubnus was set up as a friendly king of several territories, and treaties were made with tribes outside direct Roman control. After capturing the south of the island, the Romans turned their attention to what is now Wales. The Silures, Ordovices and Deceangli remained implacably opposed to the invaders and for the first"
"monumental arch that at 8 m wide was about 2 m wider than the one at the Eastern entrance to the town, which had been incorporated into Balkerne Gate. To the west of the temple on the modern Maidenburgh Street was a 3,000 seat capacity Roman theatre, which now has the Norman chapel of St Helena built into the corner of it, currently open to public viewing. Opposite the Temple, on the south side of the Decumanus Maximus, the remains of a possible Basilica have been identified. At least seven Romano-Celtic temples have been identified at Camulodunum, with the largest"
"Pye Road Pye Road is a Roman road running from the capital of the Iceni at Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund near Norwich) to the original Roman provincial capital and legionary base at Camulodunum (Colchester). The road was later extended, connecting it to the new provincial capital north of the bridge over the Thames at Londinium (London), although that part of the route is also known by the name the The road runs from Venta Icenorum (Caistor St Edmund) to Camulodunum (Colchester), partly sharing a route with the A140 road. Between Colchester and London, the path of the former gravel"
"Roman departure from Britain around 410, but it has been identified as the listed among the 28 cities of Britain by the ""History of the Britons"" and the invading Saxons had begun occupying the area by the end of the century. The settlement was served by the River Cam (then still known as the Granta) and two Roman roads: Akeman Street ran from Ermine Street north east through Cambridge to The Fens and the Via Devana ran northwest through the town on its way to Godmanchester. Duroliponte Duroliponte or Durolipons was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia."
"confines of Camulodunon (which was latinised as ""Camulodunum"") following the successful invasion in 43AD, and was home to the Twentieth Legion. After the legion was withdrawn in c. 49 AD, the legionary defences were dismantled and the fortress converted into a town, with many of the barrack blocks converted into housing. Its official name became ""Colonia Victricensis"", and discharged Roman soldiers making up the population. Tacitus wrote that the town was """"a strong"" colonia ""of ex-soldiers established on conquered territory, to provide a protection against rebels and a centre for instructing the provincials in the procedures of the law"""". A"
"Ratae Corieltauvorum Ratae Corieltauvorum or simply Ratae was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Leicester, located in the English county of Leicestershire. ""Ratae"" is a latinate form of the Brittonic word for ""ramparts"" (cf. Gaelic ""rath""), suggesting the site was an Iron Age oppidum. This generic name was distinguished by (""of the Corieltauvians""), the name of the Celtic tribe whose capital it served as under the Romans. The town was mistakenly known as Ratae Coritanorum in later records. However, an inscription recovered in 1983 showed that it was corrupt and ""Corieltauvorum"" was the"