"bark and pleasant scent in spring. Western balsam poplar is also planted as a timber crop. The wood is soft, very light in weight, but strong for its weight, coarse and fibrous, does not polish or plane easily, and is used for pallet boxes and other similar rough uses. Several hybrids between balsam poplars (particularly western balsam poplar) and the cottonwoods have also been developed for lumber production or for use as shade trees. These hybrids are selected for exceptionally fast growth and disease resistance. Poplars are also of potential use for biofuels because of their fast growth. Researchers are"
"Balsam Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap), which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum ""gum of the balsam tree,"" ultimately from Semitic, Aramaic ""busma"", Arabic ""basham"" and Hebrew ""basam"", ""spice"", ""perfume"") owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead. Balsam is a solution of plant-specific resins in plant-specific solvents (essential oils). Such resins can include resin acids, esters, or alcohols. The exudate is a mobile to highly viscous liquid and often contains crystallized resin particles. Over time and as a result of other influences the exudate loses its liquidizing components or gets"
"black cottonwood, ""Populus trichocarpa"", is sometimes considered a subspecies of ""P. balsamifera"" and may lend its common name to this species, although the black poplars and cottonwoods of ""Populus"" sect. ""Aigeiros"" are not closely related. The balm-of-Gilead (""Populus"" × ""jackii""), also known as ""P."" × ""gileadensis"", is the hybrid between ""P. balsamifera"" and the eastern cottonwood (""P. deltoides""), occurring occasionally where the two parental species' ranges overlap. This hybrid is also sometimes planted as a shade tree, and sometimes escapes from cultivation. The name ""Populus"" ""candicans"" has been variously used for either ""P. balsamifera"" or ""P. "" × ""jackii""; it"
"low flammability. A rooting hormone has been collected by soaking its chopped up shoots in water for a day. Populus × jackii Populus"" × ""jackii (balm-of-Gilead) is the hybrid between balsam poplar, ""Populus balsamifera"", and the eastern cottonwood, ""Populus deltoides"", occurring occasionally where the two parental species' ranges overlap. It is sometimes called a cottonwood. This hybrid is also sometimes planted as a shade tree, and occasionally escapes from cultivation. This hybrid is also known by the synonyms ""Populus ""×"" andrewsii"" Sargent, ""P. ""×"" bernardii"" Boivin, ""Populus candicans"" W. Aiton, ""P. ""×"" dutillyi"" Lepage, ""P. ""×"" generosa"" Henry, ""P. ""×"""
"Populus balsamifera Populus balsamifera, commonly called balsam poplar, bam, bamtree, eastern balsam-poplar, hackmatack, tacamahac poplar, tacamahaca, is a tree species in the balsam poplar species group in the poplar genus, ""Populus."" The genus name ""Populus"" is from the Latin for poplar, and the specific epithet ""balsamifera"" from Latin for ""balsam-bearing"". ""Populus balsamifera"" is the northernmost North American hardwood, growing transcontinentally on boreal and montane upland and flood plain sites, and attaining its best development on flood plains. It is a hardy, fast-growing tree which is generally short lived, but some trees as old as 200 years have been found. The"
"Populus trichocarpa Populus trichocarpa, the black cottonwood, western balsam-poplar or California poplar, is a deciduous broadleaf tree species native to western North America. It is used for timber, and is notable as a model organism in plant biology. A high-coverage genome sequence was published in 2006 and was the first tree genome to be sequenced. Assembly of the genome is particularly difficult due to the tetraploidy of the species. However, long-read Pacbio sequencing enabled the assembly of all scaffolds in 2018. It is a large tree, growing to a height of to and a trunk diameter of over , which"
"Populus × jackii Populus"" × ""jackii (balm-of-Gilead) is the hybrid between balsam poplar, ""Populus balsamifera"", and the eastern cottonwood, ""Populus deltoides"", occurring occasionally where the two parental species' ranges overlap. It is sometimes called a cottonwood. This hybrid is also sometimes planted as a shade tree, and occasionally escapes from cultivation. This hybrid is also known by the synonyms ""Populus ""×"" andrewsii"" Sargent, ""P. ""×"" bernardii"" Boivin, ""Populus candicans"" W. Aiton, ""P. ""×"" dutillyi"" Lepage, ""P. ""×"" generosa"" Henry, ""P. ""×"" gileadensis"" Rouleau, and ""P. manitobensis"" Dode. The parental balsam poplar, ""P. balsamifera"", is also known as ""P. tacamahaca"" and"
"Xylosma Xylosma is a genus of flowering plants in the willow family, Salicaceae. It contains around 100 species of evergreen shrubs and trees commonly known as brushhollies, xylosmas, or, more ambiguously, ""logwoods"". The generic name is derived from the Greek words ξύλον (""xylon""), meaning ""wood,"" and ὀσμή (""osmé""), meaning ""smell,"" referring to the fragrant wood of some of the species. The Takhtajan system places it in the family Flacourtiaceae, which is considered defunct by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The leaves are alternate, simple, entire or finely toothed, long. The flowers are small, yellowish, produced on racemes long, usually dioecious, and"
"Baphia nitida Baphia nitida (camwood, also barwood), also known as African sandalwood, is a shrubby, leguminous, hard-wooded tree from central west Africa. This wood is of a very fine colour, and is used in woodturning for making knife handles and similar articles. The tree's bark and heartwood are commonly used to make a brilliant but non-permanent red dye, which is soluble in alkali. Camwood is known as ""osun"" in Yoruba. Pterocarpin is a pterocarpan found in ""B. nitida"". Osun (camwood) extract is also used in some soaps and skin treatments, although there aren't published studies about its efficacy or safety."
"Baphia nitida Baphia nitida (camwood, also barwood), also known as African sandalwood, is a shrubby, leguminous, hard-wooded tree from central west Africa. This wood is of a very fine colour, and is used in woodturning for making knife handles and similar articles. The tree's bark and heartwood are commonly used to make a brilliant but non-permanent red dye, which is soluble in alkali. Camwood is known as ""osun"" in Yoruba. Pterocarpin is a pterocarpan found in ""B. nitida"". Osun (camwood) extract is also used in some soaps and skin treatments, although there aren't published studies about its efficacy or safety."
"Onopordum Onopordum, cottonthistle, is a genus of plants in the thistle tribe within the Asteraceae. They are native to southern Europe, northern Africa, the Canary Islands, the Caucasus, and southwest and central Asia. They grow on disturbed land, roadsides, arable land and pastures. They are biennials (rarely short-lived perennials) with branched, spinose winged stems, growing 0.5–3 m tall. In the first season they form a basal rosette of gray-green felted leaves and rarely a few flower heads. In the second season they grow rapidly to their final height, flowering extensively, and then die off after seed maturation. The leaves are"
"is Greek for ""hairy fruits"". The following scientific names are now considered synonymous with ""Populus trichocarpa"": Populus trichocarpa Populus trichocarpa, the black cottonwood, western balsam-poplar or California poplar, is a deciduous broadleaf tree species native to western North America. It is used for timber, and is notable as a model organism in plant biology. A high-coverage genome sequence was published in 2006 and was the first tree genome to be sequenced. Assembly of the genome is particularly difficult due to the tetraploidy of the species. However, long-read Pacbio sequencing enabled the assembly of all scaffolds in 2018. It is a"
"Sandalwood Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus ""Santalum"". The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for use. Sandalwood is the second-most expensive wood in the world, after African blackwood. Both the wood and the oil produce a distinctive fragrance that has been highly valued for centuries. Consequently, species of these slow-growing trees have suffered overharvesting in the past century. Sandalwoods are medium-sized hemiparasitic trees, and part of the same botanical family as European mistletoe. Notable members"
"Santalum Santalum is a genus of woody flowering plants, the best known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian sandalwood tree, ""S. album"". Members of the genus are trees or shrubs. Most are root parasites which photosynthesize their own food, but tap the roots of other species for water and inorganic nutrients. Several species, most notably ""S. album"", produce highly aromatic wood, used for scents and perfumes and for herbal medicine. About 25 known species range across the Indomalaya, Australasia, and Oceania ecozones, from India through Malesia to the Pacific Islands, as far as Hawaii and the Juan Fernández"
"Coleogyne Coleogyne ramosissima or blackbrush, is a low lying, dark grayish-green, aromatic, spiny, perennial, soft wooded shrub, native to the deserts of the southwestern United States. It is called blackbrush because the gray branches darken when wet by rains. It is in the rose family (Rosaceae), and is the only species in the monotypic genus Coleogyne. It has dense, intricate branches (""ramosissima"" means ""many branched""). Its dense branches form spiny tips. This plant forms vast pure stands across the desert floor and on scrubby slopes, giving the landscape a uniform dark-gray color. Vegetative types in which it dominates or is"
"Brosimum Brosimum is a genus of plants in the family Moraceae, native to tropical regions of the Americas. The breadnut (""B. alicastrum"") was used by the Maya civilization for its edible nut. The dense vividly colored scarlet wood of ""B. paraense"" is used for decorative woodworking. ""B. guianese"", or snakewood, has a mottled snake-skin pattern, and is among the densest woods, with a very high stiffness; it was the wood of choice for making of bows for musical instruments of the violin family until the late 18th century, when it was replaced by the more easily worked brazilwood (""Caesalpinia echinata"")."
"Commiphora gileadensis Commiphora gileadensis, the Arabian balsam tree, is a shrub species in the genus ""Commiphora"" growing in Saudi Arabia, Yemen, southern Oman, Sudan and in southeast Egypt where it may have been introduced. Other common names for the plant include balm of Gilead and Mecca myrrh, but this is due to historical confusion between several plants and the historically important expensive perfumes and drugs obtained from them. True balm of Gilead was very rare, and appears to have been produced from the unrelated tree ""Pistacia lentiscus"". This species also used to include Commiphora foliacea however it was identified and"
"Ochroma Ochroma is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae, containing the sole species Ochroma pyramidale, commonly known as the balsa tree. It is a large, fast-growing tree that can grow up to tall. Balsa wood is a very lightweight material with many uses. Balsa trees are native to southern Brazil and northern Bolivia, up to southern Mexico. A member of the mallow family, ""Ochroma pyramidale"" is native to southern Mexico to southern Brazil, but can now be found in many other countries (Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Thailand, Solomon Islands). It is a pioneer plant, which establishes"
"Lemon balm Lemon balm (""Melissa officinalis""), balm, common balm, or balm mint, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the mint family Lamiaceae and native to south-central Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, Iran, and Central Asia, but now naturalized in the Americas and elsewhere. It grows to a maximum height of . The leaves have a mild lemon scent similar to mint. During summer, small white flowers full of nectar appear. It is not to be confused with bee balm (genus ""Monarda""), although the white flowers attract bees, hence the genus ""Melissa"" (Greek for ""honey bee""). The leaves are used as a"
"plants of this genus, each exhibiting some peculiarity. There is little reason to doubt that the plants of the Jericho balsam gardens were stocked with ""Amyris gileadensis"" L., or ""Amyris opobalsamum"", which was found by Bruce in Abyssinia, the fragrant resin of which is known in commerce as the ""balsam of Mecca"". According to De Sacy, the true balm of Gilead (or Jericho) has long been lost, and there is only ""balm of Mecca"". Newer designations of the balsam plant are ""Commiphora gileadensis"" (L.) Christ., ""Balsamodendron meccansis"" Gled. and ""Commiphora opobalsamum"". Balsam oil was too volatile and flammable to be"
"Haematoxylum campechianum Haematoxylum campechianum (blackwood, bloodwood tree, bluewood, campeachy tree, campeachy wood, campeche logwood, campeche wood, Jamaica wood, logwood or logwood tree) is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to southern Mexico and northern Central America. The tree was of great economic importance from the 17th century to the 19th century, when it was commonly logged and exported to Europe for use in dyeing fabrics. The modern nation of Belize developed from 17th and 18th-century logging camps established by the English. The tree's scientific name means ""bloodwood"" (""haima"" being Greek for blood and"
"Populus Populus is a genus of 25–35 species of deciduous flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. English names variously applied to different species include poplar , aspen, and cottonwood. In the September 2006 issue of ""Science Magazine"", the Joint Genome Institute announced that the western balsam poplar (""P. trichocarpa"") was the first tree whose full DNA code had been determined by DNA sequencing. The genus has a large genetic diversity, and can grow from tall, with trunks up to in diameter. The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark"
"Balm of Gilead Balm of Gilead was a rare perfume used medicinally, that was mentioned in the Bible, and named for the region of Gilead, where it was produced. The expression stems from William Tyndale's language in the King James Bible of 1611, and has come to signify a universal cure in figurative speech. The tree or shrub producing the balm is commonly identified as ""Commiphora gileadensis"". Some botanical scholars have concluded that the actual source was a terebinth tree in the genus ""Pistacia"". In the Bible, balsam is designated by various names: (""bosem""), (""besem""), (""ẓori""), (""nataf""), and in rabbinic"
"Black cottonwood (""Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa"") California box elder (""Acer negundo var. californicum"") Columbine (""Aquilegia formosa"") Monkeyflowers ""have become model systems for the study of evolutionary processes in nature"", because of their diversity in life history and morphology, varied reproduction (self-pollination to outcrossing) and ease to work with in experimental settings. They have currently sequenced the full genome for ""Erythranthe douglasii"" with 100bp paired-end at 40X coverage. Because of its affinity for serpentine soils, studying ""D. douglasii"" presents an opportunity to better understand adaptive traits in extreme environmental conditions. Researchers have found that distinct populations of ""D. douglasii"" appear to"
"not the true C. opobalsamum. Balsam of Tolu and Balsam of Peru (""Myroxylon balsamum"") are sometimes called opobalsamum and are sometimes substituted for it, however they are not the true C. opobalsamum. The balsams have a sweet, aromatic, resinous scent with an odour resembling vanilla or benzoin. Both Balsam of Tolu and Balsam of Peru come from the same tree, Myroxylon, but each differs in production. The word Myroxylon is literally ""fragrant wood"" in Greek, or Quina/Balsamo. The balsams substitute for opobalsamum which some believe to be Stacte. Mastic (""Pistacia lentiscus"") is a bush which exudes an aromatic resin. Rosenmuller"
"Gabriele Kothe-Heinrich (1993), the genus is classified into 2 sections with 21 accepted species: Halothamnus Halothamnus is a genus of the subfamily Salsoloideae in the family Amaranthaceae (s.l., now including Chenopodiaceae). The scientific name means saltbush, from the Greek ἅλς (""hals"") ""salt"" and θαμνος (""thamnos"") ""bush"". This refers either to salty habitats or to the accumulation of salt in the plants. The genus is distributed from Southwest and Central Asia to the Arabian peninsula and East Africa. Most species of ""Halothamnus"" are small shrubs or sub-shrubs, two species are annuals. The alternate leaves are sitting without basal narrowing at the"
"Gossypium Gossypium is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Gossypieae of the mallow family, Malvaceae from which cotton is harvested. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New Worlds. There are about 50 ""Gossypium"" species, making it the largest genus in the tribe Gossypieae and new species continue to be discovered. The name of the genus is derived from the Arabic word ""goz"", which refers to a soft substance. Cotton is the primary natural fibre used by modern humans. Where cotton is cultivated it is a major oilseed crop and a main protein"
"Populus sect. Tacamahaca The balsam poplars (Populus"" sect. ""Tacamahaca) are a group of about 10 species of poplars, indigenous to North America and eastern Asia, distinguished by the balsam scent of their buds, the whitish undersides of their leaves, and the leaf petiole being round (not flattened) in cross-section. They are large deciduous trees, 30–60 m tall, with leaves with a rounded base, pointed apex, and a whitish waxy coating on the underside of the leaf; this latter distinguishes them from most other poplars. The name is derived from the pleasant balsam smell of the opening buds and leaves in"
"fixative, enhancing the longevity of other, more volatile, materials in the composite. Sandalwood is also a key ingredient in the ""floriental"" (floral-ambery) fragrance family – when combined with white florals such as jasmine, ylang ylang, gardenia, plumeria, orange blossom, tuberose, etc. Sandalwood oil in India is widely used in the cosmetic industry. The main source of true sandalwood, ""S. album"", is a protected species, and demand for it cannot be met. Many species of plants are traded as ""sandalwood"". The genus ""Santalum"" has more than 19 species. Traders often accept oil from closely related species, as well as from unrelated"
"Ocimum Ocimum is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa. It is the genus of basil and the name is from the Ancient Greek word for basil, ὤκιμον (ṓkimon). Its best known species are the cooking herb Cooking basil, ""O. basilicum"" and the medicinal herb Tulsi (holy basil), ""O. tenuiflorum"". Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of ""Ocimum basilicum"" and there are many hybrids between species. Thai basil (""O. basilicum var."
"chemically converted into a solid material (i.e. by autoxidation). Some authors require balsams to contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Plant resins are sometimes classified according to other plant constituents in the mixture, for example as: Usually, animal secretions (musk, shellac, beeswax) are excluded from this definition. Some balsams, such as Balsam of Peru, may be associated with allergies. In particular, Euphorbia latex (""wolf's milk"") is strongly irritant and is cytotoxic. Balsam Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap), which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum ""gum of the balsam tree,"" ultimately"
"of cheatgrass and tumblemustard if cattle or other stock overgraze, consuming the herb and grass energy reserves again and again until the plants individually die, while crushing their only shade. There are about 13 species and two nothospecies: Balsamorhiza Balsamorhiza is a genus of plants in the sunflower family known commonly as balsamroots. These are perennials with fleshy taproots and caudices bearing erect stems and large, basal leaves. Atop the tall stems are showy yellow sunflower-like blooms. Balsamroots are native to western North America (United States and Canada). Native Americans used the sticky sap of this plant as a topical"
"Codium arabicum Codium arabicum, commonly known as green sea cushion, is a species of seaweed in the ""Codiaceae"" family. The seaweed has a dorsiventral and applanate thallus that typically grows to a width of . The dark green thallus forms an amorphous and somewhat convoluted mass that has a spongy texture which. The mass is made up of a central medulla and cortex. The medulla is composed of cylindrical filaments that are branched into tips forming clavate utricles which form the cortex. It is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Along the east coast of Africa, most Asian coastlines,"