"prominent below, and slightly sunken above. Conflorescence is simple on a stem 5–18 cm long, with pink tepals 6–8.5 mm long, and filaments 4–7 mm long which are joined to thetepals for 0.5–6 mm and anthers 1–2 mm long. The ovaries 0.4–1 mm long and the style 5–10 mm long, and give rise to fruit which is 14–22 mm long and 13–22 mm wide. The seeds are globose to broadly ovoid and about 16 mm long and 12 mm wide and have a smooth shell about 1 mm thick. Macadamia ternifolia Macadamia ternifolia (common names: small-fruited Queensland nut, Gympie nut)"
"three. It has long, pendant white to creamy pink to purple flowers, followed by woody, rounded fruits which are 2 to 3 cm in diameter and contain edible seeds. As one common name implies, the shell of this species is often dimpled or ""rough shelled"" as compared to the integrifolia, which has a smooth shell, and always white flowers. It has been introduced to Mexico and has done well in the states of Michoacán and Jalisco and has become an important export crop for the Mexican market. Hawaii is the largest exporter of this crop worldwide. Both species of Macadamia"
"tribe Grevillea, which includes hakea and banksia, the genus Macadamia is divided into tropical and subtropical species. The three main varieties of subtropical macadamia - Macadamia tetraphylla, Macadamia integrifolia, and Macadamia ternifolia - are indigenous to the coastal rainforests of south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Of these only the first two bear edible nuts. There is some dispute as to which explorer, Allan Cunningham or Ludwig Leichhardt, was the first to encounter macadamia trees in the wild; however none disagree that it was rediscovered in 1857 in the form of a single tree without fruit by Dr Ferdinand"
"Macrozamia Macrozamia is a genus of around forty species of cycads, family Zamiaceae, all of which are endemic to Australia. Many parts of the plant have been utilised for food and material, most of which is toxic if untreated. A genus of cycads with partially submerged bole or tree, small to medium height, bearing a crown of palm-like fronds. The dioecious plants bear large cones, becoming even larger when ripening on the female, containing reproductive parts of great size. The greatest diversity of species occurs in eastern Australia, in southeast Queensland and New South Wales, with one species in the"
"On the downside, the macadamias do not drop from the tree when ripe, and the leaves are a bit prickly when one reaches into the interior of the tree during harvest. Its shell is easier to open than that of most commercial varieties. A pure ""M. tetraphylla"" variety from Australia, this strain is cultivated for its productive crop yield, flavor, and suitability for pollinating 'Beaumont'. A South African ""M. integrifolia"" / ""M. tetraphylla"" hybrid cultivar, it has a sweet seed, which means it has to be cooked carefully so that the sugars do not caramelise. The sweet seed is usually"
"von Mueller, Royal Botanist at Melbourne, and Walter Hill, Superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens, in forest growing along the Pine River. After Mueller returned south, Hill continued to collect samples from the wild, and it was only by accident that he discovered that one species in his collection produced edible, flavoursome nuts. In 1858 Mueller named the new genus in honour of John Macadam, MD, then Secretary of the Philosophic Institute of Victoria to which he presented its discovery; and in the same year Hill planted the first cultivated macadamia at his Botanical Gardens. Hill actively promoted the species"
"content than integrifolia, leading to problems of burning when baked in cookies and other desserts, thus most commercial macadamias are of the integrifolia species to assure conformity of roasting and baking results. Many tetraphylla or hybrids of tetraphylla and integrifolia are grown in home orchards. The higher sugar content of tetraphylla is preferred by some, especially for eating raw. ""Macadamia tetraphylla"" was the first Australian native food plant to be grown by non-indigenous Australians as a commercial crop. The first commercial plantation of macadamia trees were planted in the early 1880s by Charles Staff at Rous Mill, 12 km southeast"
"cultivation of macadamia started in Australia in the 1880s, it became an established large-scale crop in Hawaii. The development of a range of native food crops began in the late 1970s with the assessment of species for commercial potential. In the mid-1980s restaurants and wholesalers started to market various native food plant products. These included wattles for their edible seeds; Davidson's Plum, desert lime, finger lime, quandong, riberry, Kakadu plum, muntries, bush tomato, Illawarra plum for fruit; warrigal greens as a leaf vegetable; and, lemon aspen, lemon myrtle, mountain pepper as spices. A few Australian native plants are used by"
"it became clear that their foresight could not have prevented the deaths and this was then widely recognised when it became known that as Secretary of the Exploration Committee of the Burke and Wills expedition, Dr. Macadam had insisted on adequate provisions for their safety. The macadamia (genus ""Macadamia"") nut was discovered by the European settlers, and subsequently the tree was named after him by his friend and colleague, Dr Ferdinand Mueller (1825-1896), Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. The tree gave his name to macadamia nuts. The genus ""Macadamia"" was first described scientifically in 1857 by Dr. Mueller"
"to date, report ""L. whelanii"" as the earliest offshoot within the genus. All species grow naturally into trees, with whorled, simple adult leaves with smooth margins (unserrated, spineless) and bearing their flowers in branched compound inflorescences generally at the ends of the foliage or sometimes from older branches under the foliage. The fruits of ""L. claudiensis"", ""L. grandis"", ""L. hildebrandii"", and ""L. whelanii"" have thin inner shells (testae) of about unlike the well-known macadamia nuts' thicker woody inner shells. ""L. claudiensis"" and ""L. grandis"" have significantly larger fruits and seeds; they have fruit diameters of and , respectively, and seeds"
"and 1-2% α-linolenic acid. Some varieties contain roughly equal omega-6 and omega-3. Although macadamia is cultivated in many different parts of the world, the oil's fatty acid profile is not greatly influenced by environmental factors. The oil displays chemical properties typical of a vegetable triglyceride oil. It is also very stable due to its low polyunsaturated fat content. Macadamia oil can be used for frying due to its high heat capacity along with other properties useful as an edible oil: This is a comparison chart of some of the more common vegetable oils: Palmitoleic acid at such a high concentration"
"1989) and djeeri (Hopper, 2014) continued to be noted by New South Wales, QLD and W.A. authors in specific and generic usages.. Macrozamia Macrozamia is a genus of around forty species of cycads, family Zamiaceae, all of which are endemic to Australia. Many parts of the plant have been utilised for food and material, most of which is toxic if untreated. A genus of cycads with partially submerged bole or tree, small to medium height, bearing a crown of palm-like fronds. The dioecious plants bear large cones, becoming even larger when ripening on the female, containing reproductive parts of great"
"Macrozamia riedlei Macrozamia riedlei, commonly known as a zamia or zamia palm, is a species of cycad in the plant family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to southwest Australia and often occurs in jarrah forests. It may only attain a height of half a metre or form an above trunk up to two metres with long arching fronds of a similar length. The giant cones amidst the crown of palm-like fronds contain edible seeds surrounded by red sarcotesta, which are consumed by birds and animals and was a favoured part of the human diet when prepared correctly. ""M. riedlei"" benefits from"
"led by the Australian Macadamia Society, which was formed out of Queensland in 1974, under the auspices of its Technical Advisory Committee (established in 1980), and the monies it levied from members. A survey of Australian growers revealed that the H2 Hinde was still considered a major variety in 1983. And when varietal performance trials were being conducted a decade later, the H2 Hinde was deemed an industry standard. Currently the two States equally share Australia's world-dominating macadamia export market, but large plantings in Queensland will ensure it becomes the major future producer. When the commercial orchard trees of the"
"Comocladia Comocladia is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to the Americas, where it is distributed in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Species are known commonly as maidenplums. These are shrubs and trees, mostly unbranched. The leaves are divided into opposite pairs of leaflets that usually have toothed or spiny edges. The inflorescences are panicles of flowers growing from the leaf axils. The plants are polygamodioecious, producing male, female, and bisexual flowers. The sepals are red and the corollas are red or purple. The fruit is a drupe covered in the remnants"
"from toxic amounts of cyanogenic glycosides. The macadamia tree is usually propagated by grafting, and does not begin to produce commercial quantities of seeds until it is 7–10 years old, but once established, may continue bearing for over 100 years. Macadamias prefer fertile, well-drained soils, a rainfall of , and temperatures not falling below (although once established, they can withstand light frosts), with an optimum temperature of . The roots are shallow and trees can be blown down in storms; they are also susceptible to ""Phytophthora"" root disease. A ""Macadamia integrifolia"" / ""M. tetraphylla"" hybrid commercial variety is widely planted"
"Mascagnia Mascagnia is a genus in the Malpighiaceae, a family of about 75 genera of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. ""Mascagnia"" comprises ca. 45 species that occur from northern Mexico to northern Argentina and southeastern Brazil and in the Caribbean in diverse habitats. ""Mascagnia"" in the traditional sense of was a highly polyphyletic assemblage, a ""form-genus"" based on the lateral-winged samaras. Since the mid-1980s, morphological and molecular studies led to the removal of discordant elements, which were assigned to the genera ""Adelphia"", ""Aenigmatanthera"", ""Alicia"", ""Amorimia"", ""Calcicola"", ""Callaeum"", ""Carolus"", ""Christianella"", ""Malpighiodes"", ""Niedenzuella"", and ""Psychopterys"". In addition, phylogenetic analyses showed that"
"Ethyl macadamiate Ethyl macadamiate is the ester of ethyl alcohol and the fatty acids derived from ""Macadamia terifolia"" seed oil (q.v.). Ethyl macadamiate is commonly used in cosmetic formulations. Ethyl macadamiate is the ethyl ester of the free fatty acids produced by the complete saponification of macadamia oil. The primary constituents of ethyl macadamiate are ethyl oleate and ethyl palmitoleate. Ethyl macadamiate is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature, with a typical fatty ester odor. Ethyl macadamiate's melting (congealing) point is and its specific gravity is 0.88. Ethyl macadamiate spreads very aggressively, and has a light, nongreasy dry skinfeel"
"Lasjia Lasjia is a genus of five known species of trees, constituting part of the plant family Proteaceae. Three species grow naturally in north–eastern Queensland, Australia and two species in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Descriptively they are the tropical or northern macadamia trees group. ""Lasjia"" species characteristically branched compound inflorescences differentiate them from the ""Macadamia"" species, of Australia, which have characteristically unbranched compound inflorescences and only grow naturally about further to the south, in southern and central eastern Queensland and in north–eastern New South Wales. The Bama aboriginal Australian peoples in the late 1800s Bellenden Ker Range rainforests (north east Queensland) taught"
"name for growing to the largest size of the macadamia group, of up to about , with trunks up to diameter, with some having buttresses. ""L. grandis"" has an official Queensland state conservation status of ""vulnerable"" species in the Queensland government Nature Conservation Act 1992. ""L. whelanii"" grows naturally only in the rainforests of the Wet Tropics region of north eastern Queensland, from about altitude. ""L. hilderbrandii"" and ""L. erecta"" grow naturally only in Sulawesi (Indonesia) and its smaller adjacent islands, and there's even less published knowledge of them. Up to the date of 1995, all populations of ""L. hilderbrandii"""
"extract these oils. A study confirms that the ""Cladanthus mixtus"" species has different oil compositions depending on the area in which the plant is grown. In some areas the concentrations of the oils would be higher than that of the same species in different areas. In some cases the same species was found to produce oils that would not be used in mixtures of skin ointments and other products. Cladanthus mixtus Cladanthus mixtus, commonly known as the Moroccan chamomile, is a Mediterranean species of flowering plant in the aster family. The plant is often considered a weed but is also"
"animals, use the clay licks as a source of cobalamin, otherwise known as vitamin B. Macaw Macaws are long-tailed, often colorful New World parrots. Of the many different Psittacidae (true parrots) genera, six are classified as macaws: ""Ara"", ""Anodorhynchus"", ""Cyanopsitta"", ""Primolius"", ""Orthopsittaca"", and ""Diopsittaca"". Previously, the members of the genus ""Primolius"" were placed in ""Propyrrhura"", but the former is correct in accordance with ICZN rules. Macaws are native to Central America and North America (only Mexico), South America, and formerly the Caribbean. Most species are associated with forests, especially rainforests, but others prefer woodland or savannah-like habitats. Proportionately larger beaks,"
"of trees that were growing on the property were assigned cultivar names and registered in 1960 as scion wood with the Department of Agriculture and Stock, as follows: H1 Colliston, H2 Hinde and H3 Stevenson. H1 and H3 were of the Macadamia tetraphylla rough-shelled variety, H1 being thin-shelled and H3 hard. H2 Hinde was of the Macadamia integrifolia variety, the shells of which are smooth and of medium thickness. One of its chief distinguishing features is a small indentation in the shell casing. The H2 Hinde tree is the sole surviving of the three macadamia trees on Colliston that were"
"Chamaedorea Chamaedorea (, in reference to easily reached fruits, or the plants' low-growing nature) is a genus of 107 species of palms, native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas. They are small palms, growing to tall with slender, cane-like stems, growing in the understory in rainforests, and often spreading by means of underground runners, forming clonal colonies. The leaves are pinnate (rarely entire), with one to numerous leaflets. The flowers are produced in inflorescences; they are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit is an orange or red drupe 0.5–2 cm diameter. Perhaps the"
"removed from their native habitats, often to other parts of the world. For example, material was taken from the Mount Bauple area to Hawaii in the 1880s, and specimen trees were being grown at the University of California by the late 1870s and in France by 1890. Along with private individuals and enthusiasts, the New South Wales and Queensland governments distributed macadamia seed widely. Note. Ian McConachie was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 2006 for his contributions to the macadamia industry as a grower and exporter. He has also had a long involvement with the Australian"
"of Lismore, New South Wales, consisting of ""M. tetraphylla"". Seedlings from the original plantation were used as rootstock for grafted modern varieties well into the 20th century. This original plantation was finally cleared and replaced with grafted modern varieties in the 1990s. Ironically, even as the macadamia has spread worldwide in commercial agriculture, it is now listed as a vulnerable species in its native Australia due to habitat loss and degradation. The loss and impoverishment of its habitat has resulted from clearance of lowland rainforest for agriculture and urban development; invasive weeds; and poorly-designed fire management systems. Like many other"
"of the flower calyx. It is fleshy with a yellow, red, or black skin. The plants produce an exudate that turns black on contact with air. It is known for causing contact dermatitis. Of the 26 species in the genus, 17 have been noted to cause dermatitis. Species include: Comocladia Comocladia is a genus of flowering plants in the cashew family, Anacardiaceae. It is native to the Americas, where it is distributed in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. Species are known commonly as maidenplums. These are shrubs and trees, mostly unbranched. The leaves are divided into opposite pairs of"
"be incomplete or contain synonyms. Machaonia Machaonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous to the neotropics. None has a unique common name. Some species have been called ""alfilerillo"", a Spanish name for the common and well-known genus ""Erodium"". The type species for ""Machaonia"" is ""Machaonia acuminata"". ""Machaonia"" was named by Humboldt and Bonpland in 1806 in their book, ""Plantae Aequinoctiales"". This genus name is for Machaon, the son of Asclepias in Greek Mythology. Phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences have shown that ""Machaonia"" is paraphyletic over ""Neoblakea"" and ""Allenanthus""."
"spring and summer by a red fleshy oval fruit, long, wide. The black seed is within the fruit, which does not fall away. ""Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia"" is found in (and on the margins of) subtropical rain forest from Tamborine Mountain in the southeastern corner of Queensland to the Nambucca Valley in on the New South Wales mid-north coast. It is a component of the understory. The seed is edible, though not as valued as that of its relative the macadamia. It is not commercially cultivated but is sometimes grown as an ornamental tree. It can be difficult to establish in the"
"Calamoideae The Calamoideae are a subfamily of the palm family Arecaceae containing 21 genera and about 620 species. They are found almost exclusively in the Old World tropics, but with three genera (""Mauritia"", ""Mauritiella"", ""Lepidocaryum"") and a single species of ""Raphia"" (""R. taedigera"") in the New World tropics. Calamoideae includes the rattan palms, whose stems are harvested for the production of cane furniture and many other products. All species have fruits covered in distinctive overlapping scales. The Calamoideae are divided into three tribes: Some classifications combine all 5 genera of subtribe Calamineae into an expanded genus ""Calamus"". This increases the"
"is selected for specific traits, in the case of macadamias these include: strong tree growth, low incidence of pests and diseases, low incidence of stick-tights and premature germination of nuts, reduced years to bearing, high kernel quality and desirable market requirements. Note. The term ""scion wood"" refers to the part of a tree that is grafted onto the roots or stem of another, known as the rootstock. This grafted branch or bud transmits the flowering or fruiting characteristics of the variety from which it is taken. With macadamia trees grafting is the only method, reliable and speedy enough by commercial"
"a lakeshore town in Laguna is named. Before the intrusion of non-native species, it was frequently used as a property-line manager, because its silvery underleaf made the tree easy to distinguish from a distance. Outside of Southeast Asia, macadamia seeds are sometimes substituted for candlenuts when they are not available, as they have a similarly high oil content and texture when pounded. The flavor, however, is quite different, as the candlenut is much more bitter. At least one cultivar in Costa Rica has no bitterness, and an improvement program could likely produce an important food crop if nontoxic varieties can"
"shady environment. It can also be grown from seed. Cyphostemma mappia Cyphostemma mappia (Mapou tree or bois mapou) is a species of caudiciform succulent plant endemic to Mauritius. It is sometimes known as the ""Mauritian baobab"", though it is member of the grape family (Vitaceae) and unrelated to the true Baobabs of Africa. This species is endangered, but is beginning to be propagated in its native Mauritius, as an ornamental landscaping plant. It is a soft-stemmed caudiciform tree, with succulent green leaves on fragile, chunky, elastic, distinctively zig-zag branches. It can eventually reach a height of nearly 10 meters, and"