"Forced into Glory Forced into Glory: Abraham Lincoln's White Dream (2000) is a book by Lerone Bennett, Jr., an African American scholar and historian, and executive editor of ""Ebony Magazine"" for decades. It criticizes President Abraham Lincoln and claims that his reputation as the ""Great Emancipator"" during the American Civil War is undeserved. In his introduction, Bennett wrote: The ""basic idea of the book is simple: Everything you think you know about Lincoln and race is wrong. Every schoolchild, for example, knows the story of 'the great emancipator' who freed Negroes with a stroke of the pen out of the"
"Emancipation Memorial The Emancipation Memorial, also known as the Freedman's Memorial or the Emancipation Group, and sometimes referred to as the ""Lincoln Memorial"" before the more prominent so-named memorial was built, is a monument in Lincoln Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Designed and sculpted by Thomas Ball and erected in 1876, the monument depicts Abraham Lincoln in his role of the ""Great Emancipator"" freeing a male African American slave modeled on Archer Alexander. The ex-slave is depicted on one knee, with one fist clenched, shirtless and shackled at the president's feet. The statue originally faced west"
"Legacy of George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded America's war for independence (1775–1783), and was the first President of the United States, from 1789 to 1797. In terms of personality, a leading biographer Douglas Southall Freeman concluded, ""the great big thing stamped across that man is character."" By character, says David Hackett Fischer ""Freeman meant integrity, self-discipline, courage, absolute honesty, resolve, and decision, but also forbearance, decency, and respect for others."" Because of his central role in the founding of the United States, Washington is often called the ""Father of his Country."" His devotion"
"Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he had been elected the second Vice President of the United States, serving under John Adams from 1797 to 1801. Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation; he produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level. Jefferson"
"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president 1861–65, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names, Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and nationalism. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, states that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with ""a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life."" During the Great Depression, he says, Lincoln served ""as a means for seeing the world's disappointments, for making its sufferings not so much explicable as meaningful."" Franklin D. Roosevelt,"
"Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (, ; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. As a"
"Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. It changed the federal legal status of more than 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the designated areas of the South from slave to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the former slave became free. Ultimately, the rebel surrender liberated and resulted in the proclamation's application to all of the designated former slaves. It did not cover slaves"
"that anyone ever proposed such a campaign to Roosevelt. Roosevelt is widely considered to be one of the most important figures in the history of the United States, as well as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century. Historians and political scientists consistently rank Roosevelt, George Washington, and Abraham Lincoln as the three greatest presidents. Reflecting on Roosevelt's presidency, ""which brought the United States through the Great Depression and World War II to a prosperous future"", said FDR biographer Jean Edward Smith in 2007, ""He lifted himself from a wheelchair to lift the nation from its knees."""
"and Benjamin Franklin appeared on the nation's first postage stamps in 1847. Since that time, Washington has appeared on many postage issues, more than any other person. Print sources <br>Primary sources <br>Online sources George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the"
"President of the United States, serving two terms. He briefly engaged in additional military service during a threatened war with France in 1798, and died in December 1799. He is widely recognized as the ""Father of his country"". In 2012, a poll conducted by the British National Army Museum recognized Washington as ""Britain's Greatest Military Enemy."" He beat out Ataturk, Irish independence hero Michael Collins, Erwin Rommel, and Napoleon. George Washington in the American Revolution George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After serving as President of the"
"and recalled how moral leadership could have an effect on the American public through an executive order. Despite its failure ""to spur a second Emancipation Proclamation from the White House, it was an important and emphatic attempt to combat the structured forgetting of emancipation latent within Civil War memory."" Second Emancipation Proclamation The Second Emancipation Proclamation is the term applied to an envisioned executive order that Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders of the Civil Rights Movement enjoined President John F. Kennedy to issue. As the Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln to free"
"George Washington George Washington (February 22, 1732 – , 1799) was one of the Founding Fathers and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). He commanded Patriot forces in the new nation's American Revolutionary War and led them to victory over the British. Washington also presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which established the new federal government. For his leadership he has been called the ""Father of His Country"". Washington was born to a successful family of planters and slaveholders in colonial Virginia. He had educational opportunities and at age seventeen launched a successful career as a land"
"to as the ""Big Three"". The Italian delegation returned after 11 days. The Big Four (World War I) The Big Four or The Four Nations refer to the four top Allied powers of the World War I and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. The Big Four is also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France. Woodrow Wilson (28 December 1856 – 3 February 1924) was elected President"
"the 1860 election of slavery critic Abraham Lincoln to the presidency. The Southern states seceded from the Union in the months following Lincoln's election, forming the Confederate States of America, and beginning the American Civil War. Acting under presidential war powers, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion. However, it did not affect the status of slaves in the border states that had remained loyal to the Union. That December, Lincoln again used his war powers and issued a ""Proclamation for Amnesty and"
"Second Emancipation Proclamation The Second Emancipation Proclamation is the term applied to an envisioned executive order that Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders of the Civil Rights Movement enjoined President John F. Kennedy to issue. As the Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln to free all slaves being held in states at war with the Union, the envisioned ""Second Emancipation Proclamation"" was to use the powers of the executive office to strike a severe blow to segregation. Professor David W. Blight and Allison Scharfstein writing in ""The New York Times"" point out that ""During"
"the Study of the Americas released the first ever British academic survey to rate U.S. presidents. This poll of British specialists in U.S. history and politics placed Reagan as the eighth greatest U.S. president. Reagan's ability to connect with Americans earned him the laudatory moniker ""The Great Communicator."" Of it, Reagan said, ""I won the nickname the great communicator. But I never thought it was my style that made a difference—it was the content. I wasn't a great communicator, but I communicated great things."" His age and soft-spoken speech gave him a warm grandfatherly image. Reagan also earned the nickname"
"John Hancock John Hancock (October 8, 1793) was an American merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He is remembered for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence, so much so that the term ""John Hancock"" has become a synonym in the United States for one's signature. Before the American Revolution, Hancock was one of the wealthiest men in the Thirteen Colonies, having inherited a profitable mercantile business from his uncle. He"
"First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln is an 1864 oil-on-canvas painting by Francis Bicknell Carpenter. In the painting, Carpenter depicts Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, and his Cabinet members reading over the Emancipation Proclamation, which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states rebelling against the Union in the American Civil War. Lincoln presented the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet on July 22, 1862, and issued the Proclamation on September 22, 1862, which took effect on January 1, 1863. Carpenter spent six months"
"The Big Four (World War I) The Big Four or The Four Nations refer to the four top Allied powers of the World War I and their leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919. The Big Four is also known as the Council of Four. It was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France. Woodrow Wilson (28 December 1856 – 3 February 1924) was elected President of the United States on the basis of domestic issues in 1912,"
"in his pursuit of greatness. In nominating Alfred E. Smith for the presidency at the 1924 Democratic National Convention, Franklin D. Roosevelt notably referred to Smith as ""the happy warrior,"" apparently at the behest of Joseph M. Proskauer, Smith's close friend, campaign advisor, and speech writer. Hubert Humphrey was also frequently referred to as ""the Happy Warrior."" Barack Obama, after winning a second term as President, referred to Vice-President Joe Biden as ""America's Happy Warrior"" in his acceptance speech. The words ""happy warrior"", an apparent reference to Wordsworth's poem, were famously found written in the personal notes which then Labour"
"America, and former Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower. His father would go on to be a brigadier general in the U.S. Army Reserve, U.S. Ambassador to Belgium (1969–1971), and a renowned military historian. His grandfather would become president of Columbia University (1948–1953), and later the 34th President of the United States (1953–1961). After assuming the presidency in 1953, President Eisenhower named the presidential mountain retreat, formerly Camp Shangri-La, Camp David, after his grandson. Eisenhower graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1966. He received his B.A. degree in history"
"According to Ritz, about thirty-four delegates signed the Declaration on July 4, and the others signed on or after August 2. Historians who reject a July 4 signing maintain that most delegates signed on August 2, and that those eventual signers who were not present added their names later. Two future U.S. presidents were among the signatories: Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. The most famous signature on the engrossed copy is that of John Hancock, who presumably signed first as President of Congress. Hancock's large, flamboyant signature became iconic, and the term ""John Hancock"" emerged in the United States as"
"Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David ""Ike"" Eisenhower ( ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front. Born David Dwight Eisenhower in Denison,"
"called the ""Father of His Country"" as early as 1778. In 1885, Congress proclaimed Washington's birthday to be a federal holiday. Twentieth-century biographer Douglas Southall Freeman concluded, ""The great big thing stamped across that man is character."" Modern historian David Hackett Fischer has expanded upon Freeman's assessment, defining Washington's character as ""integrity, self-discipline, courage, absolute honesty, resolve, and decision, but also forbearance, decency, and respect for others"". Washington became an international symbol for liberation and nationalism, as the leader of the first successful revolution against a colonial empire. The Federalists made him the symbol of their party, but the Jeffersonians"
"people who wanted emancipation. In """", Chef asks the military commander if he has ""ever heard of the Emancipation Proclamation?"" To which the military commander replies: ""I dont listen to hip-hop."" The Emancipation Proclamation is celebrated around the world including on stamps of nations such as the Republic of Togo. The United States commemorative was issued on August 16, 1963, the opening day of the Century of Negro Progress Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Designed by Georg Olden, an initial printing of 120 million stamps was authorized. Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation, or Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive"
"each other. A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association ranked Roosevelt as the fourth greatest president in history, after George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt is a hero to modern liberals for his proposals in 1907–12 that presaged the modern welfare state of the New Deal Era, and put the environment on the national agenda. Conservatives admire his ""big stick"" diplomacy and commitment to military values. Dalton says, ""Today he is heralded as the architect of the modern presidency, as a world leader who boldly reshaped the office to meet the needs of the new"
"John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with his wife and advisor Abigail, and recorded important historical information on the era. A political activist prior to the American Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising"
"activists use World Freedom Day as an occasion in which to acclaim President Ronald Reagan, whom they regard as being responsible for the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. On November 9, 2005, President Bush proclaimed November 9 as ""World Freedom day"". On November 8, 2016, President Barack Obama proclaimed ""World Freedom Day"" as November 9, 2016. On November 8, 2017, President Donald Trump proclaimed November 9, 2017, as ""World Freedom Day"". World Freedom Day (United States) World Freedom Day is a United States federal observance declared by then-President George W. Bush to commemorate"
"Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial in Washington, D.C., dedicated to Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826), one of the most important of the American Founding Fathers as the main drafter and writer of the Declaration of Independence, member of the Continental Congress, governor of the newly independent Commonwealth of Virginia, American minister to King Louis XVI, and the Kingdom of France, first U.S. Secretary of State under the first President George Washington, the second Vice President of the United States under second President John Adams, and also the third President (1801–1809), as well as being the founder of the"
"by stating, ""All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."" The Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. In a single stroke it changed the legal status, as recognized by the U.S. government, of 3 million slaves in designated areas of the Confederacy from ""slave"" to ""free."" It had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of"
"""the MTV president."" Since 2000, he has frequently been referred to as ""The Big Dog"" or ""Big Dog."" His prominent role in campaigning for President Obama during the 2012 presidential election and his widely publicised speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention, where he officially nominated Obama and criticised Republican nominee Mitt Romney and Republican policies in detail, earned him the nickname ""Explainer-in-Chief"". Other nicknames include ""Slick Willie"", ""The Comeback Kid"", ""Bubba"", and ""The First Black President"". Clinton, a Baptist, has been open about his faith. Clinton drew strong support from the African American community and made improving race relations"
"the Presidential Veto. As early as 1778 he was lauded as the ""Father of His Country"" and is often considered to be the most important of Founding Fathers of the United States. He has gained fame around the world as a quintessential example of a benevolent national founder. As Gordon Wood concludes, the greatest act in his life was his resignation as commander of the armies—an act that stunned aristocratic Europe. According to painter Benjamin West (as recorded in the diaries of his colleague Joseph Farington): Washington was long considered not just a military and revolutionary hero, but a man"
"on both race and sex. Four of the eleven Confederate States directly cited slavery or white supremacy as a reason for their secession. After 1 year, 8 months and 20 days of war, on January 1, 1863, US President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in rebelling states. As such, the war aim for the Union was shifted from preserving the Union through Federal power, to also ending slavery. The war was the bloodiest in American History; and with contemporary estimates totaling over 620,000 dead; the war is believed to have killed more than every other American war,"