"1956 with the Traffic Signs Regulations, 1956. Some signs were added later. In the Republic of Ireland, the ""Give Way"" sign, a downward pointing triangle, reads ""Yield"" (on signs erected prior to 1997: ""Yield Right of Way"" ) or, in Gaeltacht areas, ""Géill Slí"". A blank inverted triangle was provided for in legislation applicable between 1956 and 1961. The international octagonal ""Stop"" sign is also used. Speed limit signs have the speed with the letters ""km/h"" underneath. 120 km/h is used for motorways and high quality dual carriageways e.g. N2, 100 km/h is used for national primary and national secondary"
"and usually continuous. In Northern Ireland, roads use A (major) and B (minor) route prefixes, whereas Ireland's route prefixes are N (major, standing for ""national"") and R (minor, standing for ""regional""). Road signs in Ireland are mostly black/yellow and diamond shaped (similar to those in North America and Australasia) whereas those in the UK are mainly black/white/red triangles or circles (the same as the rest of the European Union). Signs also have subtle differences in colouring and fonts. Since the adoption by Ireland of metric speed limits, warning signs have been placed on either side of the border to alert"
"red slashed circumference). Directional signage is similar to current United Kingdom standards. The same colours are used for directional signs in Ireland as in the UK, and the UK Transport and Motorway fonts are used. Unlike Wales and Scotland, where Welsh and Gaelic place-names use the upright Transport face, Irish place-names are rendered in an italic face. In January 2005 Ireland adopted metric speed limits. Around 35,000 existing signs were replaced and a further 23,000 new signs erected bearing the speed limit in kilometres per hour. To avoid confusion with the old signs, each speed limit sign now has ""km/h"""
"to that used in Great Britain. Warning signs have black symbols on a white background with a red border, enclosed in a triangle-shaped sign. However, from 1956, the Republic of Ireland has used diamond-shaped warning signs, with black symbols or writing on a yellow (reddish-orange for temporary signs) background, similar to the signs used in the US and Australia. Roads in the Republic are signed with M (for motorways), N (for national roads), R (for regional roads) and L (for Local roads). The appearance of L road-numbers on signposts only began in 2006, along with European route numbers on some"
"is to apply. The road marking accompanying the sign consists of a large inverted triangle painted just before the place to give way, which is marked by broken white lines across the road. In Wales, the signs bear a bilingual legend: the Welsh appears above . In the United Kingdom, a stop or give-way sign may be preceded by an inverted, blank, triangular sign with an advisory placard such as . In the Federal Highway Administration's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, a yield sign may be warranted The sign went through several changes from its original design to the"
"other text on UK road signs appears in Transport. The Motorway font is also used in Ireland. Its use is slightly different from that in the UK - in the Republic, motorway route numbers are always in Motorway font, whether the sign is on a motorway or not. In addition, on signs erected before 2009, route numbers for all-purpose roads on motorway signs were in Transport font. On signs erected since 2009, all route numbers on motorways are now in motorway font, bringing Ireland closer to the UK practice (however, as Motorway font has not previously featured the letters ""R"""
"directional signage) the United Kingdom ""Traffic Signs Manual"", itself based on the ""Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions"" (""the TSRGD""). Those road signs which are prescribed in law are prescribed under the ""Road Traffic (Signs) Regulations 1997-2004"", the 1997 regulations being the main set which repealed various traffic signs regulations dating back to 1964. Directional signage in the Republic of Ireland is fairly similar to the United Kingdom design. Place names are listed in Irish in mixed case, followed underneath by the English language equivalent place name in all capital letters. The Transport Heavy and Motorway typefaces are used, although"
"Ireland are only in English and give distances in miles. On larger roads, the approximate location of the border can be determined by signs reminding the driver of the change in units. In Northern Ireland, place-name and street/road-name signs are usually (but not always) English-only and street/road-name signs are more standardised and extensively used. There are other immediate indicators when crossing the border: differences in the design of road signage and a change in road markings. The hard shoulder on non-motorway roads in Ireland is marked with a yellow, usually broken, line. The same marking in Northern Ireland is white"
"Ireland nowadays, were similar to signs used in the United Kingdom at that time. The signs were cast-iron plates, with raised type painted black on white. A square pictogram illustrated the hazard, and the type of hazard was written in both Irish, with traditional typeface, and English. A hollow red triangle normally surmounted the pole to which the sign was attached. Road signs in Ireland Road signs in the Republic of Ireland do not differ greatly from those used elsewhere in Europe – with the notable exception that hazard or warning signs follow the ""New World"" model that is employed,"
"Manual. In November 2013 designs for a new style of directional sign were released following lobbying by Conradh na Gaeilge to make the signs display Irish in equal proportion to English. The new design departs from the British Transport typeface instead using the test Turas typeface. The design demonstrates that Irish placenames would be shown in Yellow on a blue motorway sign. Regulatory signs are mostly circular and mostly black on a white background, with a red border. If the sign contains a prohibition, a red line will diagonally bisect the sign. This type of road sign was introduced in"
"the letter ""R"" followed by a route number, e.g. R611) and local roads (shown by the letter ""L"" followed by a route number, e.g. L4202). There are two types of national roads: national primary routes and national secondary routes. Distance signposts in Northern Ireland show distances in miles, while all signposts placed in the Republic since the 1990s use kilometres. The Republic's road signs are bilingual, using both official languages, Irish and English. However, signs in Gaeltacht (Irish speaking areas) are only in Irish, which can cause considerable confusion for non-Irish speakers. The Irish names are written in lower case"
"the Republic of Ireland. They were of similar design to their UK counterparts and included the logo of ""Bord Fáilte"" (which took over responsibility for erecting signage in the Republic of Ireland from the Automobile Association), or a harp after signage was handed over to local councils. These fingerposts were bilingual, with the Irish language name printed above the English. A number of these signs continue to exist on Irish regional and local roads. However, as distances on them are in miles and not kilometres (as used on modern Republic of Ireland signage), they are due to be removed. Since"
"signs has continued to evolve with the introduction of patching under the ""Guildford Rules"" in 1994 and the introduction of cantilever directional signs in 2005, as well as the expansion in gantry signage since then. The Republic of Ireland's 'Yield' sign formerly read 'Yield Right of Way', and many of this older variant can still be seen around the State. Before adoption of the 1956 traffic signs regulations, warning signs accorded to a standard laid out in the 1926 ""Road Signs and Traffic Signals Regulations"" (see References, below). These signs, unlikely to exist ""in situ"" anywhere in the Republic of"
"prominently displayed, some with the Irish word ""TACSAÍ"" instead of the usual ""TAXI"", also a sticker or stickers that determine their boundaries by county, these stickers carry a letter or letters that reflect the number plate county code (e.g. D=Dublin, MH=Meath etc.) (for full list see vehicle registration plates of Ireland). And as of January 2013, a green and blue ""TAXI"" sticker is required on the front doors. In September 2006 a nationwide taxi fare system was introduced so that charges no longer depend on the county or city council area. The term ""hackney"" is used in Ireland to refer"
"to be missing. Often junctions are signed with only a fingerpost. One feature of road signage in the Republic of Ireland, particularly along Dublin's quays, is that some national primary road signage directs drivers generically to destinations such as ""The West"" and ""The South"" and ""The North"". This system, inherited from the UK system, was banned under the 1996 ""TSM"", which mandates the use of the terminal destination and next primary destination of the route instead, but signage was patched with specific destinations only in the early 2000s (decade). While this has been replaced with specific placenames in some cases,"
"italic script. Signs in Northern Ireland are in English only. Warning signs in the Republic have a yellow background and are diamond-shaped, those in Northern Ireland are triangle-shaped and have a white background with a red border. Speed limits in Northern Ireland are specified in miles per hour. Those in the Republic use kilometres per hour (km/h), a change introduced on 20 January 2005. This involved the provision of 58,000 new metric speed limit signs, replacing and supplementing 35,000 imperial signs. There have been routes and trackways in Ireland connecting settlements and facilitating trade since ancient times. Ireland was never"
"Road signs in Ireland Road signs in the Republic of Ireland do not differ greatly from those used elsewhere in Europe – with the notable exception that hazard or warning signs follow the ""New World"" model that is employed, notably, in the Americas, Australasia, and Japan: that is to say that they feature a black symbol on the background of a yellow diamond. The symbols used on these warning signs do, nevertheless, resemble much more closely those used (on red-bordered white or yellow triangles) in the rest of Europe than many of those seen in the United States. Regulatory signage"
"requires that the signs be written in both Irish and English. In 1956, road signs in the Republic were changed from the UK standard with the adoption of US-style ""diamond"" signs for many road hazard warnings (junctions, bends, railway crossings, traffic lights). Some domestic signs were also invented, such as the keep-left sign (a black curved arrow pointing to the upper-left, although some are similar to the European ""white arrow on blue disk"" signs), while some other signs are not widely adopted outside Ireland, such as the no-entry sign (a black arrow pointing ahead in a white circle with a"
"white background. In the UK, vehicles are driven on the left and on multi-lane carriageways drivers are generally expected to keep to the left lane except when overtaking or turning right. In Great Britain, the Highway Code applies to drivers. In Northern Ireland, the Highway Code for Northern Ireland applies. UK speed limits are shown in mph. With a few exceptions, they are in multiples of 10, ranging from to . Unless a lower speed limit is posted on a road, the national speed limit applies, which varies between class of vehicles and the type of road. In a built-up"
"use the Motorway font, and text uses an Irish variant of the Transport Medium typeface (officially described as italic, but more correctly oblique). In Ireland all motorways form part of a national route. The M50 was the only motorway that initially did not form part of an existing national primary route, though it was designated as the national primary route N50 in 1994. In most cases, motorways have been built as a by-pass of a road previously forming the national road (e.g. M7 by-passing roads previously forming the N7). The by-passed roads are then generally reclassified as regional roads. Under"
"major roads. Roads in Northern Ireland are signed with M (for motorways), A (for A-class roads) and B (for B-class roads). There are also C-class roads in Northern Ireland but these road-numbers are not currently shown on signposts. The introduction of metric speed limits has led to the erection of signs warning motorists of the change to either the metric or imperial systems at the border. Differing road-numbering systems also mean that some signs in Northern Ireland display route-numbers used in the Republic and vice versa. In 1922, the Irish Free State took over a network of public roads which"
"width) have been fitted to existing routes. Between 2000 and 2010, three major types of dual carriageway were built on national road schemes in Ireland: In Germany the term ""Autobahnähnliche Straße"" (highway-like motorway) refers to roads that are similar to German autobahn in grade-separation and signage. Most of them are designated as ""Kraftfahrstraßen"" (expressways), which means that the roads allow higher speed traffic than is common on other roads. This in turn requires them to have dual carriageways in most cases. An exception is the 2+1 road system in some rural areas; these roads are also referred to as expressways."
"allocated blocks of numbers so that no number is used more than once save in the case of Local Primary Roads.(not all road numbers are currently in use): In the Republic of Ireland, a motorway forms part of a national primary route, but is indicated by the prefix M instead of N. Motorways are the highest standard roads and certain drivers and vehicles are prohibited from using them. The motorway network has been expanded extensively since the 1990s, through construction of new motorways and redesignation of existing motorway-standard dual-carriageway sections of National Primary routes. The first motorway section in the"
"align their road signs with those prescribed in the TSRGD, small variations may be seen. The Overseas territories have much more autonomy regarding their use of signs and these can vary quite significantly from those used in Great Britain. Traffic signs in Northern Ireland are prescribed by ""The Traffic Signs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997"" and are administered by the Northern Ireland Assembly. Northern Ireland signs are broadly the same as those in Great Britain, although changes made in Great Britain are often not made in Northern Ireland at the same time. One example is the ""series of bends ahead"" sign,"
"this sign still bear dual imperial/metric measurements, and the imperial-only version remains in situ in a few locations. Road works hazard signs are reddish orange. The former 'fingerpost' style of Irish directional signage can still be seen in many rural areas of the Republic of Ireland. These signs differ from their modern-day equivalent as they have black raised text on a white background. Destinations are in all caps (the placename in Irish was on top and in a smaller font than the one in English). Sometimes, the former route number (""T"" for trunk road, ""L"" for link road) can be"
"Republic of Ireland; some signs on recently-completed expressways use Transport Heavy however. Road signs created in the 2010s often irregularly use Arial Narrow or Helvetica, with or without a modified 'L'. Signs showing street names are usually done in Helvetica as well, but the newest design returns to Transport Medium. Hong Kong's traffic signs use Chinese and English, usually in an order of English above Traditional Chinese characters, the two official languages of Hong Kong. Signs warning of hazardous conditions or dangerous situations (e.g. ""Intersection"" or ""Steep incline ahead"" bear a black-on-white symbol inside a red-bordered triangle (point uppermost). With"
"also Ireland (diverging from the standards of the rest of Europe) use warning signs are black on a yellow background and usually diamond-shaped, while temporary signs (which are typically construction signs) are black on an orange background. Some other countries also use these standards for some signage. The warning signs usually contain a symbol. In Europe they are based on the UNECE Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. In the United States they are based on the MUTCD standard and often contain text only. Some of the first roadside signs—ancient milestones—merely gave distance measures. Hazard warnings were rare though"
"be a spur) of the M2. There are two other motorways, the short M3, the M5 and a motorway section of the A8 road, known as the A8(M). In the Republic of Ireland, motorway and ""national road"" numbering is quite different from the UK convention. Since the passage of the ""Roads Act 1993"", all motorways are part of, or form, ""national primary roads"". These routes are numbered in series, (usually, radiating anti-clockwise from Dublin, starting with the N1/M1) using numbers from 1 to 33 (and, separately from the series, 50). Motorways use the number of the route of which they"
"and the 4th shows the release of a flock of birds representing souls. The installation was funded by the percentage for arts scheme where 1% of the budget is allocated to roadside art. N52 road (Ireland) The N52 road is a national secondary road in Ireland. It links the M7 motorway from just south of Nenagh, County Tipperary to the M1 motorway north of Dundalk in County Louth. The route forms a connection between the north east of Ireland and the mid west traversing the midlands. It interchanges with the M6 at Kilbeggan and at Tyrrellspass, the N4 at Mullingar,"
"the network, while the N33 is a feeder route to a major motorway (the M1). Finally, the N40 and the M50 are bypass roads of Ireland's two largest cities, Cork and Dublin. National secondary roads (see next section) are numbered under the same scheme with higher numbers (from N51 on). On road signage, destinations served but not on the route in question are listed in brackets, with the connecting route also listed (see thumbnail). Directional road signs on national primary roads are usually in white text on a green background, with the road number in yellow. Signs for roads of"
"Local roads in Ireland A local road () in the Ireland is a public road not classified as a national primary road, national secondary road, or regional road but nevertheless forming a link in the national network of roads. Local roads are numbered with four- or five-digit route numbers, prefixed by ""L"" (for example, L3005 or L97476). Until 1977, roads in Ireland were designated with one of two prefixes: ""T"" for trunk roads and ""L"" for link roads. Older signs showing the former trunk and link road designations may still be seen in some locations. The L- prefix for ""link"
"Britain. Whereas the roads in Great Britain are numbered according to a zonal system, there is no available explanation for the allocation of road numbers in Northern Ireland, though their numbering is separate from the system in England, Scotland and Wales. The following European routes include sections in Ireland: Roads in Ireland The island of Ireland, comprising Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, has an extensive network of tens of thousands of kilometres of public roads, usually surfaced. These roads have been developed and modernised over centuries, from trackways suitable only for walkers and horses, to surfaced roads including"
"'side road' (""tógraite"") which could be tolled, and the 'cow road' (""bóthar""). ""Bóthar"" is the most common term for 'road' in modern Irish: its diminutive form, ""bóithrín"", (or boreen in English) is used as a term for very narrow, rural roads. The development of roads in Ireland seemed to have stagnated until the eighteenth- and early nineteenth-centuries. However, in the 18th century, a network of turnpike roads (charging tolls) was built: ""a turnpike was a primitive form of turnstile – a gate across the road, opened on payment of a toll. The average length of a turnpike road was 30"