"offers training courses, and helps other scientific research centers in completion and maintenance of their insect collections. ITRD acts as the National Identification Service for governmental or non-governmental organizations, publishes various articles, reports, books, data banks and checklists of its holdings, and provides these information free of charge to all visitors. Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum The Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) is the largest insect collection in Iran with over 4 million insect specimens, including 20–25,000 local species, hundreds of primary types and paratypes, and a representative collection of exotic insects, especially tropical butterflies. In 1943, Iranian entomologist established a"
"Papilio bianor Papilio bianor, the Chinese peacock black swallowtail emerald or Chinese peacock is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae, the swallowtails. It is native to Asia and Australia. Three of its subspecies are also known as West Himalayan common peacock, East Himalayan common peacock and Indo-Chinese common peacock. The subspecies Papilio bianor polyctor (better known as West Himalayan common peacock) is the state butterfly of the Indian state Uttarakhand. This species is variable in size. Individuals emerged in the spring reach 4 to 8 centimeters wide, while those emerged in the summer can reach 12 centimeters. The"
"Pupa - pale green with yellow and white markings. Head cleft, back strongly arched; ""sides flattened out with a hard sharp ridge running longitudinally round the whole insect."" (Harford, as quoted by Moore.) Papilio polyctor Papilio polyctor, the common peacock, is a beautiful swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent. It is found in the Himalayas and parts of India from the foothills to between March and October. It has distinct dry- and wet-season forms. The butterfly frequents ""Buddleia"" flowers. Its food plant is ""Xanthoxylon alatum"" of the Rutaceae family. Papilio polyctor has three subspecies, consisting of Papilio polyctor significans,"
"Papilio polyctor Papilio polyctor, the common peacock, is a beautiful swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent. It is found in the Himalayas and parts of India from the foothills to between March and October. It has distinct dry- and wet-season forms. The butterfly frequents ""Buddleia"" flowers. Its food plant is ""Xanthoxylon alatum"" of the Rutaceae family. Papilio polyctor has three subspecies, consisting of Papilio polyctor significans, Papilio polyctor stockleyi, and Papilio polyctor xiei. The sexes are very nearly alike, and the difference slight between the dry-season and wet-season broods. Upperside dull black thickly irrorated (sprinkled) with golden-green scales Forewing:"
"are black with pale blue veins, while their hind wings are black with turquoise and red edges. Papilio chikae Papilio chikae, the Luzon peacock swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It has two subspecies, with ""P. c. chikae"" from Luzon and ""P. c. hermeli"" from Mindoro. The latter was originally described as a separate species, but it resembles the nominate subspecies and there are no significant differences in their genitalia, leading recent authorities to treat them as subspecies of a single species. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN"
"hurry while sipping nectar. It is distinguished due to its colour which is shiny fluorescent blue or green depending on the angle of observation. The magnificent colours are due to scales in interior of its wings. Also there are spots in the bottom of its hindwings similar to eyespots. The exterior of wings is brownish black with patterns similar to eyespots. Perhaps the only protection for this species is self-mimicry through the eyespots as regards to its morphology, considering its bright peacock colours and its fast flight. Papilio crino Papilio crino, the common banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail"
"Swallow-tailed moth The swallow-tailed moth (""Ourapteryx sambucaria"") is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species across Europe and the Near East. This is a large (wingspan 50–62 mm), impressive moth, remarkably butterfly-like. All parts of the adult are bright white to pale yellow marked with faint buffish fascia. The species gets its common name from pointed projections on the termen of the hindwing with brownish spots at their base. It flies at night in June and July and is attracted to light, sometimes in large numbers. The brown, twig-like larva feeds on a variety of trees"
"Papilio blumei Papilio blumei, the peacock or green swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found only on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It is sometimes confused with the more widespread ""P. palinurus"", but that species is smaller and has mostly black tails (in ""P. blumei"", the upper surface of the tails is mostly bluish green). The wingspan of ""P. blumei"" is . The colours on the wings of some of these butterflies are metallic and are eye catching especially when viewed from a particular angle. The remarkable feature of this butterfly's wing is that it contains"
"Papilio crino Papilio crino, the common banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail (Papilionidae) butterfly found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. This species resembles ""Papilio palinurus"", but the male generally has, on the upperside of the outer half of the forewing, cottony or hairy scent-streaks similar to those in ""Papilio polyctor"", only the streak in interspace 1 is always missing. Other differences are seen in the upper wing. The forewing has the discal transverse bluish-green band slightly sinuous, narrower, more curved than in ""P. palinurus"" and more distinctly decreasing in width towards"
"and shrubs including elder, hawthorn, honeysuckle and ivy . The species overwinters as a larva. Swallow-tailed moth The swallow-tailed moth (""Ourapteryx sambucaria"") is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species across Europe and the Near East. This is a large (wingspan 50–62 mm), impressive moth, remarkably butterfly-like. All parts of the adult are bright white to pale yellow marked with faint buffish fascia. The species gets its common name from pointed projections on the termen of the hindwing with brownish spots at their base. It flies at night in June and July and is attracted to"
"Protographium marcellus Protographium marcellus, the zebra swallowtail, (formerly listed under genera ""Eurytides"", ""Iphiclides"", ""Graphium"" and ""Papilio"" by some authorities) is a swallowtail butterfly native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada. Its distinctive wing shape and long tails make it easy to identify, and its black-and-white-striped pattern is reminiscent of a zebra. The butterflies are closely associated with pawpaws, and are rarely found far from these trees. The green or black caterpillars feed on the leaves of various pawpaw species, while the adults feed on flower nectar and minerals from damp soil. The zebra swallowtail has a wingspan of"
"Papilio paris tamilana Papilio paris tamilana, the Tamil peacock, is an endemic swallowtail butterfly found in southern India. ""P. p. tamilana"" (Moore), very closely resembles the typical form (see ""P. paris""), but on the upperside the upper discal patch on the hindwing is of a paler more metallic blue and very considerably larger, it extends from interspace 3 well into interspace 7, from the apex of the cell into interspaces 3, 4, and 5, and from the middle of interspace 6 much further towards the termen than in ""P. paris"". Underside similar to that of the typical form, but the"
"Papilio paris Papilio paris, the Paris peacock, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia. Upperwings are black and irrorated (sprinkled) with dark green scales, which on the outer portion of the forewing coalesce and form an incomplete postdiscal narrow band which is straighter than the similar subterminal band on the forewing of ""Papilio polyctor"". On the hindwing, the irroration of dark green scales does not extend to the costal margin and is interrupted posteriorly by a broad postdiscal area, on both sides of which the green scales coalesce to form narrow diffuse bands;"
"Listed alphabetically: Afrotropic ecozone. Papilio constantinus Papilio constantinus, the Constantine's swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wingspan is 70–90 mm in males and 80–95 mm in females.The ground colour is black with pale yellow or white markings including a large yellow spot in the cell. Its flight period is during the warmer months peaking from November to February. The larvae feed on ""Vepris reflexa"", ""Vepris lanceolata"", ""Vepris undulata"", ""Clausena"" species, ""Citrus"" species, ""Teclea trifoliatum"", ""Teclea nobilis"", and ""Teclea gerrardii"". ""Papilio constantinus"" is a member of the ""dardanus"" species group. The members"
"swallowtail is listed on the ""Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World"" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (Red List) and is protected under international and national level legislation. The butterfly is named in honor of the Greek poet Homer. The adult butterfly has been described by researchers as “gigantic and magnificent."" Females are larger than males and can have a wingspan of six inches. Adults can be seen from morning to afternoon soaring among the canopy of the neotropical Jamaican rainforests. Its brown wings feature a large yellow band and blue and red spotting, making the butterfly easy"
"Papilio palinurus Papilio palinurus, the emerald swallowtail, emerald peacock or green-banded peacock, is a butterfly of the genus ""Papilio"" belonging to the family Papilionidae. It is native to Southeast Asia, but is regularly kept in butterfly houses around the world. There are several subspecies (from Burma, Borneo, Indonesia, Nias and the Philippines). The genus name ""Papilio"" comes from the Latin word ""papilio"" meaning butterfly. The species name ""palinurus"" derives from Palinurus, the name of the pilot of Aeneas's boat in Virgil's ""Aeneid"". ""Papilio palinurus"" has a wingspan reaching about . The dorsal sides of the wings are covered by a"
"will last around 45 minutes. ""This article is adapted in part from this page at the USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center"". Papilio polyxenes Papilio polyxenes, the (eastern) black swallowtail, American swallowtail or parsnip swallowtail, is a butterfly found throughout much of North America. It is the state butterfly of Oklahoma and New Jersey. An extremely similar-appearing species, ""Papilio joanae"", occurs in the Ozark Mountains region, but it appears to be closely related to ""Papilio machaon"", rather than ""P. polyxenes"". The species is named after the figure in Greek mythology, Polyxena (pron.: /pəˈlɪksɨnə/; Greek: Πολυξένη), who was the youngest daughter"
"swallowtail tends to fly directly up the western side of Spruce Knob towards the summit against strong westerly winds. The summit contains substantial vegetation within protected nooks where the adult butterflies rest and obtain nectar from various plants. Papilio appalachiensis Papilio appalachiensis, the Appalachian tiger swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the eastern United States, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains. It is a hybrid of another two ""Papilio"" species, ""Papilio canadensis"" and ""Papilio glaucus"", with which it shares many characteristics. The butterflies are normally yellow and contain black patterns in their wings. Their wingspans range from 86"
"Papilio polyxenes Papilio polyxenes, the (eastern) black swallowtail, American swallowtail or parsnip swallowtail, is a butterfly found throughout much of North America. It is the state butterfly of Oklahoma and New Jersey. An extremely similar-appearing species, ""Papilio joanae"", occurs in the Ozark Mountains region, but it appears to be closely related to ""Papilio machaon"", rather than ""P. polyxenes"". The species is named after the figure in Greek mythology, Polyxena (pron.: /pəˈlɪksɨnə/; Greek: Πολυξένη), who was the youngest daughter of King Priam of Troy. Its caterpillar is called the parsley worm because the caterpillar feeds on parsley. The ""Papilio polyxenes"" demonstrates"
"split into three suborders: the Vombatiformes (wombats and the koala, four species in total); the large and diverse Phalangeriformes (the possums and gliders) and Macropodiformes (kangaroos, potoroos, wallabies and the musky rat-kangaroo). Note: this classification is based on Ruedas & Morales 2005. The common brushtail possum was introduced to New Zealand by European settlers in an attempt to establish a fur industry. There are no native predators of the possum in New Zealand, so its numbers in New Zealand have risen to the point where it is considered a serious pest. Numerous attempts to eradicate them have been made because"
"Papilio indra Papilio indra, the Indra swallowtail, short-tailed black swallowtail, or cliff swallowtail, is a western North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae. The Indra swallowtail is a black swallowtail similar in coloration to the black swallowtail and the short-tailed swallowtail. It has very short tails and has dark blue crescents on the topside of the hindwing. This butterfly may be found in rugged, arid, or mountainous countrysides. The Indra swallowtail has one brood per year and is on the wing in spring in southern or lower altitudes but early summer in northern or higher altitudes. Listed alphabetically: ""There is"
"Papilio zenobia Papilio zenobia, the Zenobia swallowtail or Volta swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ""Papilio"" that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The habitat consists of wetter forest in good to reasonable condition. The larvae feed on ""Piper"" species, including ""Piper umbellatum"". It is a member of the ""zenobia"" species group. In the ""zenobia"" group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area"
"Papilio zenobia Papilio zenobia, the Zenobia swallowtail or Volta swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ""Papilio"" that is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the Congo and Uganda. The habitat consists of wetter forest in good to reasonable condition. The larvae feed on ""Piper"" species, including ""Piper umbellatum"". It is a member of the ""zenobia"" species group. In the ""zenobia"" group the basic upperside wing pattern is black with white or yellowish bands and spots. The underside is brown and basally there is a red area"
"can be seen when the butterfly is resting with its wings spread, gave rise to the common name ""swallowtail"". As for its formal name, Linnaeus chose ""Papilio"" for the type genus, as ""papilio"" is Latin for ""butterfly"". For the specific epithets of the genus, Linnaeus applied the names of Greek figures to the swallowtails. The type species: ""Papilio machaon"" honored Machaon, one of the sons of Asclepius, mentioned in the ""Iliad"". Further, the species ""Papilio homerus"" is named after the Greek poet, Homer. The genera of extant swallowtails are usually classified into three subfamilies, Baroniinae, Parnassiinae, and Papilioninae, the latter"
"Papilio chikae Papilio chikae, the Luzon peacock swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It has two subspecies, with ""P. c. chikae"" from Luzon and ""P. c. hermeli"" from Mindoro. The latter was originally described as a separate species, but it resembles the nominate subspecies and there are no significant differences in their genitalia, leading recent authorities to treat them as subspecies of a single species. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN and ESA, and is included on Appendix I of CITES, thereby making international trade illegal. Their forewings"
"Sabella pavonina Sabella pavonina, commonly known as the peacock worm, is a marine polychaete worm belonging to the family Sabellidae. It occurs along the coasts of Western Europe and the Mediterranean. It is found in shallow, tidal waters with a bed of mud, sand or gravel. It is sometimes found on rocks or shipwrecks. It is 10-25 centimetres in length. Its body is elongated and divided into 100-600 small segments. The head has two fans of feathery tentacles arising from fleshy, semi-circular lobes. The body is mostly grey-green while the tentacles are brown, red or purple with darker bands. The"
"Papilio krishna Papilio krishna, the Krishna peacock, is a large swallowtail butterfly found in forests in China, north east India, Myanmar and Vietnam. Resembles ""Papilio paris"" generally, but differs in many points as follows: Upperside: ground colour more of a brownish black, irrorated similarly to parti with, green scales, but the scales smaller and more sparsely spread. Forewing: the postdiscal transverse band well defined, complete, formed of white scaling with only a thin sprinkling of green scales on its inner margin, generally erect or slightly curved, rarely slightly sinuous. Hindwing: upper discal patch metallic greenish blue, smaller than in ""P."
"Papilio buddha Papilio buddha, the Malabar banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail butterfly found in the Western Ghats of India. ""P. buddha"" resembles ""P. palinurus"" but is larger. The upperside of the wings also differ with the irroration of green scales more restricted, the outer half of the forewing except a triangular patch from the apex of wing downwards, and the outer third of the hindwing except a subterminal series of ill-formed lunules, devoid of green scales; discal transverse bands on both forewing and hindwings similar to those in ""P. palinurus"" but very much broader; the discal band of"
"consumes the spermatophylax. Pterochroza ocellata Pterochroza ocellata, the peacock katydid, is an insect in the family Tettigoniidae. The species is a leaf-mimic katydid; when it is in repose its camouflage resembles a diseased or dead leaf. The katydid owes both its common name and its specific epithet (""ocellata"", meaning ""marked with little eyes"") to its startle display, in which it shows false eye spots on its normally hidden hind wings. The adult ""Pterochroza ocellata"" is about 45mm to 65mm in length. In its protective camouflage it resembles a dried leaf. If in spite of its camouflage it is threatened, the"
"an as-yet unnamed subspecies that has been referred to as ""bonnevillensis"" by some and as the ""Utah-West Desert segregate"" by others."" Parsley family. Papilio indra Papilio indra, the Indra swallowtail, short-tailed black swallowtail, or cliff swallowtail, is a western North American butterfly in the family Papilionidae. The Indra swallowtail is a black swallowtail similar in coloration to the black swallowtail and the short-tailed swallowtail. It has very short tails and has dark blue crescents on the topside of the hindwing. This butterfly may be found in rugged, arid, or mountainous countrysides. The Indra swallowtail has one brood per year and"
"records of 1 to 2 years. Papilio anactus Papilio anactus, the dainty swallowtail, dingy swallowtail or small citrus butterfly is a medium-sized butterfly from the family Papilionidae, that is endemic to Australia. For protection against predators, this non-poisonous butterfly mimics the poisonous male ""Cressida cressida"", another swallowtail butterfly that obtains its toxic properties through its host plant, the Dutchman's pipe. ""Papilio anactus"" is endemic to Australia. It was originally only present in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland, but due to the growing of citrus, a larval food plant of this species, in orchards, the species spread to South Australia"
"swallowtail (""Papilio amynthor"") is a species of butterfly that is found on Norfolk Island and the Loyalty Islands. Cetaceans were historically abundant around the island as commercial hunts on the island was operating until 1956. Today, numbers of larger whales have disappeared, but even today many species such humpback whale, minke whale, sei whale, and dolphins can be observed close to shore, and scientific surveys have been conducted regularly. Southern right whales were once regular migrants to Norfolk, but were severely depleted by historical hunts, and further by recent illegal Soviet and Japanese whaling, resulting in none or very few,"
"is of the family Papilionidae and order Lepidoptera. It was first introduced in Hawaii in 1971 from Japan or Guam. ""P. xuthus"" makes significant seasonal migrations over 200 km. There are two subspecies of ""P. xuthus"": ""Papilio xuthus koxingus"" and ""Papilio xuthus neoxuthus"". The Asian swallowtail is a mid-sized, yellow, prominently-tailed butterfly. It has a wingspan of 45 to 55 mm. Its normal color pattern consists of a black pattern on a yellow background. Wing coloration is sexually dimorphic, with females showing broader proximal marginal bands in the hindwing. Blue-iridesecent and orange scales separate the black bands on the hindwing."