"Firkin (unit) A firkin is a unit of volume or mass used in several situations. Its etymology is likely to be from the Middle English ""ferdekyn"", probably from the Middle Dutch diminutive of vierde ‘fourth’ (a firkin originally contained a quarter of a barrel). A firkin is an American unit of dry measure. 1 firkin = 9 US gallons = 34 litres. A firkin was a British unit for the sale of butter and cheese. 1 firkin = 56 pounds = 25 kilograms A firkin is also a British unit for the sale of beer. It is one quarter of"
"For CAMRA internal accounting, all are calculated in kilderkins. A kilderkin is a 144 pint container but there is not 144 pints of cask conditioned consumable beer in a kilderkin (see Firkins below for explaination). The ale or beer firkin (from Middle Dutch meaning ""fourth"") is a quarter of an ale or beer barrel or half a kilderkin. This unit is much smaller than the wine firkin. Casks in this size (themselves called firkins) are the most common container for cask ale. A pin is equal to half a firkin (). Plastic versions of these casks are known as ""polypins"""
"was equal to two kilderkins or of a beer or ale hogshead. This is somewhat larger than the wine barrel. The kilderkin (from the Dutch for ""small cask"") is equal to half a barrel or two firkins. The kilderkin is still currently used. It is the unit of choice of CAMRA, the Campaign for Real Ale, for calculating beer quantities for beer festivals in the UK. Ales are usually delivered in firkins, cider and other drinks are usually in boxes, bottles or other containers measured in gallons or litres, and all (except wine) are sold in pints or parts thereof."
"consisting of 84 gal in two main tanks and a 12.5 imp gal fuel tank in each leading edge wing tank; other 30, 45, 50 or 90 gal drop tanks could be carried. The fighter's maximum range was just a little over on internal fuel, since the new Griffon engine consumed much more fuel per hour than the original Merlin engine of earlier variants. By late 1944, Spitfire XIVs were fitted with an extra 33 gal in a rear fuselage fuel tank, extending the fighter's range to about on internal fuel and a 90 gal drop tank. Mk XIVs with"
"(exactly ). Dry gallon The dry gallon, also known as the corn gallon or grain gallon, is a historic British dry measure of volume that was used to measure grain and other dry commodities and whose earliest recorded official definition, in 1303, was the volume of 8 pounds of wheat. It is not used in the US customary system – though it implicitly exists since the US dry measures of bushel, peck, quart, and pint are still used – and is not included in the handbook that many states recognize as the authority on measurement law. The fluid gallon is"
"those pre-filled, corked and ready for sale. The flagon was followed by the half-gallon (2.27 l) jar and was preceded by the square rigger and the bluey. These were commonly used during the period of six-o'clock closing of bars. A flagon can hold different volumes of beer or wine and is thought to have originated from an amendment to the licensing laws, which took effect in 1881. The amendment allowed winemakers to sell wine from their vineyards for off-licence consumption, so long as the quantity was 2 gallons (9 liters) or more (hence the ""2 g"" flagon). Before this change"
"Dry gallon The dry gallon, also known as the corn gallon or grain gallon, is a historic British dry measure of volume that was used to measure grain and other dry commodities and whose earliest recorded official definition, in 1303, was the volume of 8 pounds of wheat. It is not used in the US customary system – though it implicitly exists since the US dry measures of bushel, peck, quart, and pint are still used – and is not included in the handbook that many states recognize as the authority on measurement law. The fluid gallon is another volume"
"adopted a system based on the 231-cubic-inch wine gallon for all fluid purposes. This became the US fluid gallon. Both the imperial and US fluid gallon are divided into 4 quarts, 8 pints or 32 gills. However, whereas the US gill is divided into 4 US fluid ounces, the imperial gill is divided into 5 imperial fluid ounces. So whilst the imperial gallon, quart, pint and gill are about 20% larger than their US fluid measure counterparts, the fluid ounce is about 4% smaller. Note that one avoirdupois ounce of water has an approximate volume of one imperial fluid ounce"
"to be served using external gas cylinders. Cask ales undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, called casks. Casks are available in several sizes, and it is common to refer to ""a firkin"" or ""a kil"" (kilderkin) instead of a cask. The modern US beer barrel is , half a gallon less than the traditional wine barrel. (26 U.S.C. §5051) Barrels are also used as a unit of measurement for dry goods (dry groceries), such as flour or produce. Traditionally, a barrel is of flour (wheat or rye), with other substances such as pork subject to more local"
"winemakers could only sell wine from hotels. A half-gallon flagon was a common volume used for beer. In modern Ireland a flagon usually refers to a two-litre bottle of cider, or in some cases a 350ml bottle of spirits. Flagon A flagon () is a large leather, metal, glass or ceramic vessel, used for drink, whether this be water, ale, or another liquid. A flagon is typically of about in volume, and it has either a handle (when strictly it is a jug), or (more usually) one or two rings at the neck. Sometimes the neck has a large flange"
"furnaces was 482,000 gross tons of steel, and even today, fifty years later, the yearly tonnage has not changed. It is interesting to know that to produce the 482,000 gross tons of steel each year, 960,000 tons of ore, 195,000 tons of limestone, 420,000 tons of coke, and 1,600,000 tons of air are required. The ore used in the furnaces came from the Minnesota Ore Mines, and was shipped to Farrell by lake boats and railroads. The coke came from the Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation of Clairton, Pennsylvania, and the limestone from Hillsville, Pennsylvania. The product of the blast furnace, pig"
"pints. These pints are divided into two cups (though the imperial cup is rarely used now), which in turn are divided into two gills (gills are also rarely used). Thus a gallon is equal to four quarts, eight pints, sixteen cups or thirty-two gills. The imperial gill is further divided into five fluid ounces, whereas the US gill is divided into four fluid ounces. Thus an imperial fluid ounce is of an imperial pint or of an imperial gallon, while a US fluid ounce is of a US pint or of a US gallon. The imperial gallon, quart, pint, cup"
"kerosene, and 42 gal for petroleum. The general standard for liquids is 31.5 gal or half a hogshead. The common 55 gallon size of drum for storing and transporting various products and wastes is sometimes confused with a barrel, though it is not a standard measure. In the U.S., single servings of beverages are usually measured in fluid ounces. Milk is usually sold in half pints (8 fluid ounces), pints, quarts, half gallons, and gallons. Water volume for sinks, bathtubs, ponds, swimming pools, etc., is usually stated in gallons or cubic feet. Quantities of gases are usually given in cubic"
"gallon for liquids (the corn gallon of 268.8 cubic inches for solids). In Britain, the wine gallon was replaced by the imperial gallon. The tierce later became the petrol barrel. The tun was originally 256 gallons, which explains from where the quarter, 8 bushels or 64 (wine) gallons, comes. Although it is common to refer to draught beer containers of any size as barrels, in the UK this is strictly correct only if the container holds 36 imperial gallons. The terms ""keg"" and ""cask"" refer to containers of any size, the distinction being that kegs are used for beers intended"
"with a six bladed contra rotating unit. The ""fishtail"" design of ejector exhaust stub gave way to ones of circular section. The increased cooling requirements of the Griffon engine meant that all radiators were much bigger and the underwing housings were deeper than previous versions. The cowling fasteners were new, flush fitting ""Amal"" type and there were more of them. The oil tank (which had been moved from the lower cowling location of the Merlin engine variants to forward of the fuselage fuel tanks) was increased in capacity from 6 to 10 gal. To help balance the new engine, the"
"fortnight. Like the more common furlongs per fortnight, firkins per fortnight have been used with the meaning ""any obscure unit"". FFF system The furlong–firkin–fortnight (FFF) system is a humorous system of units based on unusual or impractical measurements. The length unit of the system is the furlong, the mass unit is the mass of a firkin of water, and the time unit is the fortnight. Like the SI or meter–kilogram–second systems, there are derived units for velocity, volume, mass and weight, etc. While the FFF system is not used in practice, it has been used as an example in discussions"
"Note that measurements in this section are in imperial units. Traditional British measures distinguish between weight and volume. American cooks using British recipes, and vice versa, need to be careful with pints and fluid ounces. A US pint is 473 mL, while a UK pint is 568 mL, about 20% larger. A US fluid ounce is of a US pint (29.6 mL); a UK fluid ounce is UK pint (28.4 mL). This makes an Imperial pint equivalent to 19.2 US fluid ounces. On a larger scale, perhaps for institutional cookery, an Imperial gallon is eight Imperial pints (160 imp fl"
"gallon; there are four quarts in a gallon, two pints in a quart, and 20 imperial fluid ounces in an imperial pint. The US gallon is legally defined as 231 cubic inches, which is exactly . A US liquid gallon of water weighs about at , making it about 16.6% lighter than the imperial gallon. There are four quarts in a gallon, two pints in a quart and 16 US fluid ounces in a US pint, which makes the US fluid ounce equal to of a US gallon. In order to overcome the effects of expansion and contraction with temperature"
"measure of approximately the same size, though the dry gallon is a bit bigger. 1 dry gallon ≈ 1.163 647 fluid gallons Its implicit value in the US system was originally one eighth of the Winchester bushel, which was a cylindrical measure of 18.5 inches in diameter and 8 inches in depth. That made the dry gallon a non-terminating number of cubic inches, an irrational number whose value with the first six digits after the decimal point was 268.802521 ( cubic inches ≈ ). The bushel was later defined to be exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, making the dry gallon exactly"
"Gallon The gallon () is a unit of measurement for volume and fluid capacity in both the US customary units and the British imperial systems of measurement. Three significantly different sizes are in current use: the imperial gallon defined as litres (4 imperial quarts or 8 imperial pints), which is used in the United Kingdom, Canada, and some Caribbean nations; the US gallon defined as 231 cubic inches (4 US liquid quarts or 8 US liquid pints) or about , which is used in the US and some Latin American and Caribbean countries; and the least-used US dry gallon defined"
"Firlot The firlot was a dry measure used in Scotland. For centuries it was the primary measure for all grains sold in the country. In the Scottish system a firlot was equal to 4 pecks, and the boll was equal to 4 firlots. The first attempt of the Scottish Parliament to define the firlot was in 1426. They set it as 1,200 Scottish cubic inches or 19.98 litres, but effectively the exact volume continued to be defined by local custom and varied across the country. Over the years the common definition seems to have increased. By an Act of Parliament"
"of any direction by Congress, the United States Treasury chose the second smallest gallon, the ""Queen Anne gallon"" of 231 cubic inches (3.785 litres) to be the official gallon in the United States for fiscal purposes. Sixteen US fluid ounces make a US pint (8 pints equals 1 gallon in both customary and imperial systems). During the reform of Weights and measures legislation in the United Kingdom in 1824, old gallons were replaced by the new imperial gallon which was defined to be the volume to 10 pounds of water at 62 °F (17 °C) and determined experimentally to be"
"prior to the first flight. Both the flaps and air brakes were primarily operated hydraulically, an independent system for emergency actuation was also present. Up to 6,170 imperial gallons of fuel could be housed in a total of 22 fuel tanks, 14 of these being contained within the wings and a further 8 within the fuselage; these tanks were pressurized to prevent collapse during fast dives and other manoeuvres. The wing was fixed to the fuselage at a mid-wing position, located between the bomb bay and fuselage fuel tanks. The fuselage of the Sperrin consists of separate nose, centre, and"
"have a slight lip or flange around the tip of the neck. The common volume for a Florence flask is 1 litre. Florence flask A Florence Flask/Boiling Flask is a type of flask used as an item of laboratory glassware. It is used as a container to hold liquids. A Florence flask has a round body, a long neck, and often a flat bottom. It is designed for uniform heating, boiling, distillation and ease of swirling; it is produced in a number of different glass thicknesses to stand different types of use. They are often made of borosilicate glass for"
"the tank. The vessel must be resistant to the corrosive nature of the fluid it contains. Typically, these vessels have a secondary containment structure, in case the vessel bursts. One of the major contributors to the fiberglass tank market is Design Tanks LLC a manufacturing company out of Sioux Falls, SD. The size of FRP Vessels is rarely limited by manufacturing technology, but rather by economics. Tanks smaller than 7,500 liters (2,000 gallons) are easily manufactured out of cheaper materials, such as HDPE or PVC. Tanks larger than four meters are generally limited by shipping constraints, and the economics suggest"
"oz, 4.546 litres) whereas the US gallon is eight US pints (128 US fl oz, 3.785 litres). The metric system was officially adopted in the UK, for most purposes, in the 20th century and both imperial and metric are taught in schools and used in books. It is now mandatory for the sale of food to also show metric. However, it is not uncommon to purchase goods which are measured and labeled in metric, but the actual measure is rounded to the equivalent imperial measure (i.e., milk labeled as 568 mL / 1 pint). In September 2007, the EU with"
"46th edition standard catalogue of British coins, 2011. Florin (English coin) The double florin or double leopard was an attempt in 1344 by English king Edward III to produce a gold coinage suitable for use in Europe as well as in England (see also florin or leopard and Half florin or helm). It was 108 grains (6.99829 grams) of nominal pure ('fine') gold and had a value of six shillings (i.e. 72d). <ref> Spink, Coins of England and the United Kingdom. 46th edition standard catalogue of British coins, 2011. The continental florin, based on a French coin and ultimately on"
"Flagon A flagon () is a large leather, metal, glass or ceramic vessel, used for drink, whether this be water, ale, or another liquid. A flagon is typically of about in volume, and it has either a handle (when strictly it is a jug), or (more usually) one or two rings at the neck. Sometimes the neck has a large flange at the top rather than rings. The neck itself may or may not be formed into one, two or three spouts. The name comes from the same origin as the word ""flask"". As a Roman Catholic term or use,"
"ounces (of 437.5 grains). The unit of volume, the gallon, has different values in the United States and in the United Kingdom – the US fluid gallon being about 0.83 imperial gallons and the US dry gallon being about 0.97 imperial gallons. Both systems of measure were widely used in mechanical engineering, though not in electrical engineering. Some units of measure such as the horsepower or the British thermal unit (BTU) have special names but by and large unit names are generated from their constituent components – for example, pounds per square inch. In contrast, the metric system has a"
"Tub (unit) Tub was a unit of capacity or of weight used in Britain and elsewhere. British laws for the sale of goods defined a tub of butter as a receptacle of a size which could contain 84 pounds of butter. 1 tub of butter or cheese = 84 pounds 1 tub = 1.5 Firkin (1 Firkin = 56 lbs) 1 tub = The ""Oxford English Dictionary"" has quotations illustrating other values of a ""tub"" as a unit: In Newfoundland, Canada, a tub of coal was defined as 100 pounds, while a tub of herrings was 16 Imperial gallons and"
"Carboy A carboy (or carbuoy), demijohn, or jimmyjohn is a rigid container with a typical capacity of . Carboys are primarily used for transporting liquids, often water or chemicals. They are also used for in-home fermentation of beverages, often beer or wine. The word ""carboy"" is from the Persian ""qarābah"" (قرابه), from Arabic ""qarrāba"", ""big jug"". ""Demijohn"" originally referred to any glass vessel with a large body and small neck, enclosed in wickerwork. The word presumably comes from the French ""dame-jeanne"", literally ""Lady Jane"", as a popular appellation; this word is first attested in France in the 17th century. An"
"a tub of salt was 18 Imperial gallons. Tub (unit) Tub was a unit of capacity or of weight used in Britain and elsewhere. British laws for the sale of goods defined a tub of butter as a receptacle of a size which could contain 84 pounds of butter. 1 tub of butter or cheese = 84 pounds 1 tub = 1.5 Firkin (1 Firkin = 56 lbs) 1 tub = The ""Oxford English Dictionary"" has quotations illustrating other values of a ""tub"" as a unit: In Newfoundland, Canada, a tub of coal was defined as 100 pounds, while a"
"alternative etymology derives it from the name of a Persian town, Damghan, but there is no evidence for this. Carboys come in various volumes ranging from . The term carboy itself usually refers to a carboy, unless otherwise noted. A carboy is usually called a jug. A carboy is usually called a demijohn (in the Philippines, ""dama juana""). In Britain, ""demijohn"" refers to a 4.5 litre (imperial gallon) glass brewing vessel. Containers of this type in the United States have no specific volume and are called ""jimmyjohns"". In brewing, a carboy or demijohn is a glass or plastic vessel used"