"as the ultimate goal. In the 1857–58 Indian Mutiny of native soldiers serving in the armed forces of the East India Company, many British suspected Russian or Persian agents of having a hand in spreading rumours that sparked the conflict; the core of the rumours were that the British had smeared pig and cow fat on the ammo cartridges used by the sepoys. The fat on the cartridges, which would have to be opened by mouth prior to being loaded into a rifle, would have spiritually desecrated the Muslim or Hindu soldiers. Political warfare in British colonial India Political warfare"
"Rao Bahadur Rai Bahadur (also Rao Bahadur in South India), abbreviated R.B., was a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India to individuals for their service to the Empire. The title was accompanied by a medal called a Title Badge. Translated, ""Rao"" means ""prince"", and ""Bahadur"" means ""brave"" or ""most honourable"". The equivalent title for Muslim and Parsi subjects was ""Khan Bahadur"". For Sikhs it was ""Sardar Bahadur"". Those awarded the Rai Sahib title were usually elevated to the next rank, that of Rao Bahadur, which was in turn below the rank of Dewan Bahadur. All these titles"
"caste Hindus recruited primarily from the rural plains of Oudh. Many of these troops took part in the Indian Mutiny, with the aim of reinstating the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II at Delhi, partly as a result of insensitive treatment by their British officers. The meaning of the term ""Indian Army"" has changed over time: The officer commanding the Army of India was the Commander-in-Chief, India who reported to the civilian Governor-General of India. The title was used before the creation of a unified British Indian Army; the first holder was Major General Stringer Lawrence in 1748. By the early"
"camp or army, and ""al-askar"", the Arabic word for a guard or soldier. The Portuguese adapted this term to ""lascarim"", meaning an Asian militiaman or seaman, especially those from the Indian Subcontinent. Lascars served on British ships under 'lascar' agreements which gave shipowners more control than the usual agreement. The sailors could be transferred from one ship to another and retained in service for up to three years at one time. The name ""lascar"" was also used to refer to Indian servants, typically engaged by British military officers. The Lascar War Memorial was erected by shipping and mercantile companies, in"
"as ""King's (or Queen's) Indian Orderly Officers"" in attendance on the monarch in London. While performing some routine orderly functions the main role of these officers was to represent the Indian Army in full dress uniform at ceremonial functions in front of the British public who might otherwise seldom be made aware of its existence. In the British Armed Forces, the term ""batman"" or ""batwoman"" was formerly also applied to a civilian who cleaned officers' messes or married quarters. In the Royal Air Force, free married quarters cleaning services were phased out for all officers except squadron leaders or above"
"were, however, subordinate to the two orders of knighthood then in vogue in India: the lesser Order of the Indian Empire and the higher Order of the Star of India. A holder of a Rai Sahib, Rai Bahadur or Diwan Bahadur title came lower in the order of precedence. Rao Bahadur Rai Bahadur (also Rao Bahadur in South India), abbreviated R.B., was a title of honour bestowed during British rule in India to individuals for their service to the Empire. The title was accompanied by a medal called a Title Badge. Translated, ""Rao"" means ""prince"", and ""Bahadur"" means ""brave"" or"
"India, for instance would receive half batta, 304 rupees (£30) a month. All cavalry and infantry officers stationed in northern India received full batta. In Hindi, the term ""bhatta"" (भत्ता) is now used to refer to allowance made to military personnel or other public servants. Batta During the British Raj, Batta or Bhatta or Bat-ta was a military term, meaning a special allowance made to officers, soldiers, or other public servants in the field. The term is probably derived from the Kanarese ""bhatta"" (rice in the husk). Batta was originally introduced as a payment to military officers of the East"
"Batta During the British Raj, Batta or Bhatta or Bat-ta was a military term, meaning a special allowance made to officers, soldiers, or other public servants in the field. The term is probably derived from the Kanarese ""bhatta"" (rice in the husk). Batta was originally introduced as a payment to military officers of the East India Company, in addition to their ordinary salary, to provide them with money for field-equipment and other expenses when on the march. By November 1842, a distinction was made according to which part of the country they were based. A lieutenant-colonel in barracks in southern"
"Initially it referred to Hindu or Muslim soldiers without regular uniform or discipline. It later generically referred to all native soldiers in the service of the European powers in India. Close to ninety-six percent of the British East India Company's army of 300,000 men were native to India and these sepoys played a crucial role in securing the subcontinent for the company. A ""Sipahi"" or a sepoy was an infantryman in both the Mughal Empire and the Kingdom of Mysore. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (reigned 1658–1707) raised battalions of sepoys variously armed with matchlocks, rockets, and grenades. These troops were"
"Indian Legion The Indian Legion (), officially the Free India Legion () or Infantry Regiment 950 (Indian) () and later the Indian Volunteer Legion of the Waffen-SS (), was a military unit raised during the Second World War in Nazi Germany. Intended to serve as a liberation force for British-ruled India, it was made up of Indian prisoners of war and expatriates in Europe. Because of its origins in the Indian independence movement, it was known also as the ""Tiger Legion"", and the ""Azad Hind Fauj"". Initially raised as part of the German Army, it was officially assigned to the"
"Sowar Sowar (, , , also ""siwar"" meaning ""the one who rides"" or ""rider"", from Persian ) was originally a rank representing a cavalryman from within the empire of the Great Mogul. The unit was preserved until later during the British Raj it was the name in Anglo-Indian usage for a horse-soldier belonging to the cavalry troops of the native armies of British India and the feudal states. It is also used more specifically of a mounted orderly, escort or guard. It was also the rank held by ordinary cavalry troopers, equivalent to sepoy in the infantry — this rank"
"Charles Stuart (East India Company officer) Charles Stuart (c. 1758 – 31 March 1828) was an officer in the East India Company Army and is well known for being one of the few British officers to embrace Hindu culture while stationed there, earning the nickname Hindoo Stuart. He also wrote books and several newspaper articles extolling Hindu culture and tradition and urging its adoption by Europeans settled in India, and deploring the attitudes and activities of the Utilitarians and missionaries who deprecated Indian culture. He is mentioned in William Dalrymple's book ""White Mughals"" (2002). Stuart was said to be the"
"War II, India was a colony of Britain known as British Raj. Britain declared war on behalf of India without consulting with Indian leaders. This resulted in resignation of Congress Ministries. The British recruited some 2.5 million Indian volunteers, who played major roles as soldiers in the Middle East, North Africa and Burma in the British Indian Army. India became the main base for British operations against Japan, and for American efforts to support China. In Bengal, with an elected Muslim local government under British supervision, the cutoff of rice imports from Burma led to severe food shortages, made worse"
"Rajinder Singh Sparrow Major-General Rajinder Singh MVC** (3 October 1911 – May 1994) was an Indian Army officer and a two time member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Indian parliament. He was nicknamed 'Sparrow'. Singh served in the ranks of the British Indian Army from 3 October 1932 to 31 January 1938. He attended the Indian Military Academy, Dehra Dun, and was commissioned onto the Unattached List, Indian Army on 1 February 1938. He spent the next year attached to The King's Regiment (Liverpool), a British Army regiment, stationed on the North West Frontier. He was"
"Commander-in-Chief, India During the period of the British Raj, the Commander-in-Chief, India (often ""Commander-in-Chief ""in"" or ""of"" India"") was the supreme commander of the British Indian Army. The Commander-in-Chief and most of his staff were based at General Headquarters, India, and liaised with the civilian Governor-General of India. Following the Partition of India in 1947 and the creation of the independent dominions of India and Pakistan, the post was abolished. It was briefly replaced by the position of Supreme Commander of India and Pakistan before the role was abolished in November 1948. Subsequently, the role of Commander-in-Chief was merged into"
"the word ""INDIA"". Indian Long Service and Good Conduct Medal The Indian Long Service and Good Conduct Medal was a long service medal awarded to Indian other ranks in the British Indian Army. Established on 27 July 1888, the Indian Long Service and Good Conduct Medal could be awarded to sowars, sepoys, as well as lance-dafadars, naiks, and lance-naiks of the British Indian Army. To be awarded the medal men must have served at least 20 years and had performed in a meritorious manner, with no court-martials, and having been entered in the defaulters book fewer than five times. He"
"British Indian Army The Indian Army (IA), often known since 1947 (but rarely during its existence) as the British Indian Army to distinguish it from the current Indian Army, was the principal military of the British Indian Empire before its decommissioning in 1947. It was responsible for the defence of both British Indian Empire and the princely states, which could also have their own armies. The Indian Army was an important part of the British Empire's forces, both in India and abroad, particularly during the First World War and the Second World War. The term ""Indian Army"" appears to have"
"definition. The British of the East India Company initially described Indian lascars as 'Black Portuguese' or 'Topazes', but later adopted the Portuguese name, calling them 'lascar'. Lascars served on British ships under ""lascar agreements"". These agreements allowed shipowners more control than was the case in ordinary articles of agreement. The sailors could be transferred from one ship to another and retained in service for up to three years at one time. The name ""lascar"" was also used to refer to Indian servants, typically engaged by British military officers. Indian seamen had been employed on European ships since the first European"
"Risaldar Risaldar (often called ressaidar in the British Indian Army), meaning the commander of a ""risala"" (mounted troop) in Persian, is a mid-level rank in cavalry and armoured units of the Indian Army. The Indian Army has a unique set of ranks, which stand between non-commissioned officers and commissioned officers. During the British Raj, they were known as Viceroy's commissioned officers, but since the Indian independence movement, they have been called junior commissioned officers. A risaldar ranks above a naib risaldar (called a jemadar in the British Indian Army) and below a risaldar major. In other arms, such as the"
"word ""INDIA"". Indian Meritorious Service Medal (for Indian Army) The Indian Meritorious Service Medal (for Indian Army) was a long and meritorious service medal awarded to Indian non-commissioned officers in the British Indian Army. Established on 27 July 1888, the Indian Meritorious Service Medal could be awarded to one Daffadar or Havildar of each of the regiments of the Presidency armies. To be awarded the medal men must have served at least 18 years and had performed in a meritorious manner, with no court-martials, and having been entered in the defaulters book fewer than five times. He must also have"
"Brodie Haig General Sir Arthur Brodie Haig, KCB, MC and bar (1886–1957) was a British officer in the Indian Army. A pre-war regular officer he served in India prior to the outbreak of the First World War when he was posted to the Middle East. He was wounded at the Battle of Shaiba, twice mentioned in dispatches and awarded the Military Cross (MC) before he was taken prisoner by the Ottoman Empire at the Siege of Kut. Escaping captivity in August 1918 he received a bar to his MC. He returned to India after the war, holding a succession of"
"Rai Sahib Rao Sahib / Rao Saheb / Roy Sahib, abbreviated R.S., was a title of honour issued during the era of British rule in India to individuals who performed great service in visionary leadership to the nation. The title was accompanied by a medal. Translated, Rao means ""Prince"" ""sahib"" means ""leader"". This was the start level title usually awarded to civilians, which could later be upgraded to Rao Bahadur and then to Dewan Bahadur titles. The title styled ""Rao Sahib"" were awarded to Hindu people of North India, Rao Saheb in Maharashtra and styled ""Rao Sahib"" to Hindu people"
"Jemadar Jemadar or jamadar is a title used for various military and other officials in the Indian subcontinent. The word stems from Urdu (), which derives through Persian ""jam(a)dar"" from Arabic ""jamā‘a(t)"" 'muster' + ""-dār"" 'holder'. A jemadar was originally an armed official of a zamindar (feudal lord) in India who, like a military general, and along with Mridhas, was in charge of fighting and conducting warfare, mostly against the peasants and common people who lived on the lord's land. Later, it became a rank used in the British Indian Army, where it was the lowest rank for a Viceroy's"
"refer to Indian soldiers as ""Bloody Indians"". Since the British Indian Empire was at war and prosecuting Habibullah Khan would have resulted in possible mutiny by Indian soldiers, who respected him highly, no action was taken against him and, in fact, probably for keeping the Indian soldiers loyal, he was commended for doing what he did. Later, in another instance, whilst serving in Mesopotamia, he chastised Indian soldiers for tolerating the substandard food that was being served to them, which was overheard by one Non-Commissioned Officer, a Subedar, who reported his comments to the British command. Seeking to avoid provoking"
"by pursuing military careers in India. Peter Lumsden General Sir Peter Stark Lumsden (9 November 1829 – 9 November 1918) was a British military officer who served in India. Born in Belhelvie, Aberdeenshire, he was the fourth son of Colonel Thomas Lumsden CB. He studied at Addiscombe Military Seminary, before officially joining military service as an ensign in the 60th Bengal Native Infantry in 1847. From 1852 to 1857 he served on the North-West Frontier, where, among other activities, he participated in the suppression of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the capture of Tantya Tope in 1859. Following his"
"the old conditions of work. In that sense, the Indian Staff Corps was seen by the majority of entrants as synonymous with the Regular Officer Corps of the Indian Armies. This is not to be confused with officers holding staff appointments. To reduce confusion, the term ""Indian Staff Corps"" in relation to officers on regimental duty was withdrawn by Lord Kitchener during his unification of the Indian Army. From that time, officers were gazetted to the ""Indian Army"". Indian Staff Corps The Indian Staff Corps was a branch of the Indian Army during the British Raj. Separate Staff Corps were"
"jargon illustrated that almost all soldiers would serve in India or Africa at some time during their enlistments. Hindi, Urdu, Arabic or to a lesser extent Bantu words and phrases sprinkled soldiers' conversation. Most British Army officers and many of the longer-serving soldiers had first-hand experience of active service and combat, though not of the large-scale manoeuvres and operations for which the conscript armies of Europe planned and trained. Indeed, the Chobham Manoeuvres of 1853 involving 7,000 troops were the first such manoeuvres since the Napoleonic Wars. Few armies other than those of the dominions within the British empire had"
"Sam Browne General Sir Samuel James Browne, (3 October 1824 – 14 March 1901) was a British Indian Army cavalry officer in India and Afghanistan, known best as the namesake of the Sam Browne belt. He was a British recipient of the Victoria Cross, the most prestigious award for gallantry in combat that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was born in Barrackpore, India, the son of Dr. John Browne, a surgeon of the Bengal Medical Service and his wife Charlotte (née Swinton). Browne joined the 46th Bengal Native Infantry as a subaltern, participating in action at"
"British Raj The British Raj (; from ""rāj"", literally, ""rule"" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called British India or simply India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The whole was also informally called the Indian Empire. As India,"
"I Corps (British India) The I Indian Corps was an army corps of the British Indian Army in the Great War. It was formed at the outbreak of war under the title Indian Corps from troops sent to the Western Front. The British Indian Army did not have a pre-war corps structure, and it held this title until further corps were created. It was withdrawn from the Western Front in December 1915 and reconstituted as I Indian Corps in Mesopotamia until the end of the war. In 1914 Indian Expeditionary Force A was sent to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force"
"Walter John Christie Walter Henry John Christie CSI, CIE, OBE (17 December 1905 – 25 August 1983) was a British colonial civil servant (Indian Civil Service) who played a key part in the independence of India and provided administrative continuity after independence.He was also referred to as John Christie and ""Red Christie"". The son of Henry George Christie, Walter John Christie was born in Poona, India. He was a King's Scholar at Eton where he won the Newcastle medal. At King's College, Cambridge he won the Winchester Reading Prize and took first in part one of the classical tripos in"
"and soldiers to take local wives and have Eurasian children, owing to a lack of British women in India. By the mid-19th century, there were around 40,000 British soldiers, but fewer than 2,000 British officials present in India. Originally, under Regulation VIII of 1813, they were excluded from the British legal system and in Bengal became subject to the rule of Islamic law outside Calcutta – and yet found themselves without any caste or status amongst those who were to judge them. In 1821, a pamphlet entitled ""Thoughts on how to better the condition of Indo-Britons"" by a ""Practical Reformer,"""
"India Gate The India Gate (originally called the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the ""ceremonial axis"" of New Delhi, India, formerly called Kingsway. India Gate is a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in the period 1914–21 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the Third Anglo-Afghan War. 13,300 servicemen's names, including some soldiers and officers from the United Kingdom, are inscribed on the gate. The India"