"band the year before to pursue solo projects. Jet Lag (Premiata Forneria Marconi album) Jet Lag is the fifth album of the Italian progressive rock band Premiata Forneria Marconi, released in 1977 by Asylum Records in the US and Manticore Records in Europe. This album incorporates the use of fretless bass in the sound and has a jazzier feel in comparison to the band's previous efforts. Four of the five tracks with vocals are sung in English. ""Cerco la Lingua"" (""I Look for the Language"") is the only one sung in Italian. The album is also the first one not"
"NTSB cites this as contributing to many accidents and has conducted several research studies in order to find methods of combating fatigue in pilots. Disruption to rhythms usually has a negative effect. Many travelers have experienced the condition known as jet lag, with its associated symptoms of fatigue, disorientation, and insomnia. A number of other disorders, for example bipolar disorder and some sleep disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), are associated with irregular or pathological functioning of circadian rhythms. Disruption to rhythms in the longer term is believed to have significant adverse health consequences on peripheral organs outside"
"It is the timing of their sleeping and waking that is persistently delayed. The jet lag type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder is characterized by disruptions arising from a mismatch between a person's circadian cycle and the cycle required by a different time zone. The more time zones that are traveled, the greater the disruption. Eastbound travel, in which sleep-wake hours are advanced, typically causes more problems than westbound travel, in which sleep-wake hours are delayed. People who travel often and cross many time zones when they travel are most susceptible to this type. The shift work type of circadian"
"shift, those changes can have a variety of negative effects. One example of this phenomenon is jetlag, in which traveling to another time zone causes desynchronization in sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and emotions. Such zeitgeber disruptions can also lead to decreased cognitive performance, negative mood, and in some cases, episodes of mental illness. Researchers have shown that the 24-hour circadian clock also influences cognitive performance in a wide variety of paradigms, including serial search, verbal reasoning, working memory tasks, suppressing wrong answers, and manual dexterity. Performance on these tasks varies over the course of a day, with each type of task"
"and are not from choice. He discusses how everyone is born with an internal clock, and living a lifestyle in dissonance with this inherent biological clock puts individuals at greater risk for health problems. Roenneberg introduces the term “social jet lag,"" saying it is more dangerous than normal jet lag because social jet lag forces individuals to persistently go against their biological clock in a consistent light/dark cycle. In this book, he defines social jet lag as “the difference between midsleep on free days and midsleep on work days."" Free days are defined as days without an alarm clock, where"
"individual simply adhering to strict sleep and wake times. Severe cases may require incremental changes in sleep time, where a person sleeps 15 to 30 minutes earlier each day until an appropriate pattern is reached. Other methods of altering delayed sleep patterns include prescribing a night of sleep deprivation or the use of chronotherapy, a method in which sleep is delayed for three hours each night until the sleep pattern is rotated around the clock. Often, treatment is ignored for persons with the jet lag type because people eventually return to their regular time zone and normal sleep-wake cycle and"
"dyschronism"", popularized the term ""zeitgeber"" (""time giver"") in the 1980s while appearing on morning TV news shows, and helped millions of travellers overcome Jet Lag with the Jet Lag Diet, and the recently updated (2009) international best-seller The Cure for Jet Lag book by Lynne W. Scanlon and Charles F. Ehret, Ph.D, both available online. Ehret once created the world's largest spectrograph, a rainbow long, that was large enough to bathe many petri dishes of tetrahymena in each 100 pm of the color spectrum. During World War II, Ehret served with the Army's 87th Infantry Division. He was decorated with"
"one naturally wakes up, and work days where one wakes up with an alarm clock. Midsleep is defined as the midpoint of an individual’s sleeping period. One of the significant health risks of social jet lag is obesity, and Roenneberg claims that for every hour of social jet lag, the probability of being overweight increases by approximately 33%. In fact, social jet lag is so prevalent that Roenneberg claims that 87% of the population of Central Europe suffers from social jet lag to some degree. Roenneberg also claims that adolescents, biologically, have an internal clock that causes their midsleep to"
"Debt-lag Debt-Lag is a condition which results from overuse of one’s credit card or other forms of credit while travelling. The debt itself can refer to the amount spent in the lead up to travelling, during the trip and any unexpected costs which come about from that trip, such as cross currency conversion fees and foreign ATM access charges. The condition of debt-lag may last months or even years after a person’s trip is complete, as long as the debt accrued within the travel period is still outstanding. It is recommended that sufferers of debt-lag seek treatment as soon as"
"common and best understood of these variables are core body temperature and melatonin. The term was first coined by in 1978 after it was used in an experiment to determine the effects of jet lag independent of an individual's behavioral cycle - though the methods involved in a constant routine date back to at least 1947. The protocol arose from the well established concept in circadian research that the observation of organisms under constant conditions allows for the illumination of endogenous rhythms, as first described by French scientist Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan in 1729. In contrast to previous methods, however,"
"no longer exhibit symptoms. For people who travel often, it is preferable to adjust to the new time zone by sleeping at times appropriate to that zone if they intend to be there for one week or longer. Diets that target jet lag are also effective for some people, and light therapy, which involves exposure to a lighted device to simulate daytime, may be helpful to some people too. People with the shift work type of the disorder benefit most from a non-changing work schedule. If rotating or changing shifts are unavoidable, rotations that occur in a clockwise direction, where"
"Cambridge University. The device is designed to reduce the effect of jet lag on customers that often take long flights across time zones. The interactivity is evident because of how it solves this problem. By observing what time zones a person has crossed and matching those to the basic known sleep cycles of the individual, the machine is able to predict when a person's body is expecting light, and when it is expecting darkness. It then stimulates the individual with the appropriate light source variations for the time, as well as an instructional card to inform them of what times"
"particularly high among users of illegal drugs. Sildenafil is sometimes used to counteract the effects of other substances, often illicit. Some users mix it with methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), other stimulants, or opiates in an attempt to compensate for the common side effect of erectile dysfunction, a combination known as ""sextasy"", ""rockin' and rollin'"" or ""trail mix"". Mixing with amyl nitrite is particularly dangerous and potentially fatal. The 2007 Ig Nobel Prize in Aviation went to Patricia V. Agostino, Santiago A. Plano, and Diego A. Golombek of Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina, for their discovery that sildenafil helps treat jet lag"
"Washington Post"" described an incident as a ""brouhaha"" in which a passenger, on board a jetliner, reclined the seat to the point where it bothered a second passenger, resulting in a fistfight, intervention by flight attendants, and the plane returning to the airport escorted by fighter jets. In another instance, politics surrounding the choice of bus lanes in Los Angeles erupted in ineffective squabbling that ultimately did not help efforts to improve public transit in the metropolis. Brouhaha A brouhaha, from French ""brouhaha"", is a state of social agitation when a minor incident gets out of control, sometimes referred to"
"social jet lag, or shift work, may relate to genetic predispositions of circadian rhythms. Roenneberg released a book in March 2012 titled ""Internal Time: Chronotypes, Social Jet Lag, and Why You're So Tired"" where he explains the concepts behind circadian rhythm to the masses. One of the major points in his book is, ""Early birds and night owls are born, not made."" Roenneberg wanted to rid people of labels such as ""lazy"" that frequently get placed upon those who wake up late. With this book, he wanted to deliver his point that these sleep patterns are due to people's genetics"
"accelerating the social changes already brought about by the jet age. Where English is a second language the term has seen continued usage - in the early 1980s, the Argentinian rock band Soda Stereo recorded a successful song ""¿Por qué no puedo ser del Jet Set?"" (""Why can't I belong to the jet set?""), and in 2000 the French comedy ""Jet Set"" made fun of this ""art de vivre"". The TV series Mad Men featured an episode titled ""Jet Set"". Notes Bibliograophy Jet set In journalism, jet set was a term for an international social group of wealthy people who"
"transport. Actual travel time on public transport becomes a lesser consideration when predictable and when travel itself is reasonably comfortable (seats, toilets, services), and can thus be scheduled and used pleasurably, productively or for (overnight) rest. Chauffeured movement is enjoyed by many people when it is relaxing, safe but not too monotonous. Waiting, interchanging, stops and holdups, for example due to traffic or for security, are discomforting. Jet lag is a human constraint discouraging frequent rapid long-distance East-West commuting, favoring modern telecommunications and VR technologies. An airline provides scheduled service with aircraft between airports. Air travel has high speeds, but"
"in the jet. Even though screech is a side effect of the jet's flight, it can be suppressed by an appropriate design for a nozzle. Aircraft noise is also sometimes called ""jet noise"" when emanating from jet aircraft, regardless of the mechanism of noise production. Works cited Jet noise In aeroacoustics, jet noise is the field that focuses on the noise generation caused by high-velocity jets and the turbulent eddies generated by shearing flow. Such noise is known as broadband noise and extends well beyond the range of human hearing (100 kHz and higher). Jet noise is also responsible for"
"The Lawrence Welk Show in the late 1950s. Notes JATO JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off), is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets. The term ""JATO"" is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for ""rocket-assisted take-off"" (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for ""rocket-assisted take-off gear""). Early experiments using rockets to boost gliders into the air were conducted in Germany in the 1920s (Lippisch Ente), and later both the Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe introduced such systems in World War II. The British"
"concept later developed in Mobutu's Zaire is that of ""authenticité"" or Authenticity. In colloquial French, the term décalage is used to describe jetlag, lag or a general discrepancy between two things. However, Senghor uses the term to describe the unevenness in the African Diaspora. The complete phrase he uses is ""Il s'agit, en réalité, d'un simple décalage—dans le temps et dans l'espace"", meaning that between Black Africans and African Americans there exists an inconsistency, both temporally and spatially. The time element points to the advancing or delaying of a schedule or agenda, while the space aspects designates the displacing and"
"The disturbance in sleep must not be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance, whether used for medication or abuse, or to a general medical condition. The delayed sleep phase type of the disorder requires a persistent pattern of delayed sleeping and awakening and an inability to change the pattern. The jet lag type requires sleepiness and wakefulness at inappropriate times relative to the local time zone; there must be repeated travel more than one time zone away. The shift work type requires excessive sleepiness during the desired wake period and an inability to sleep during the desired"
"Jetpooling Jetpooling (also known as jet-sharing) is an arrangement among a group of jet travelers by which each individual shares the cost of private jet travel by paying on a per seat, pro rata basis. Those included in such arrangements are referred to as 'jetpoolers'. Jetpooling is a fairly new concept (12/2008) that originated as an alternative for air travelers to still enjoy the benefits of travelling on a private jet without paying all of the expenses involved. It was also developed to help offset carbon emissions by allowing people who would otherwise book separate jets, to fly together. Jetpoolers"
"compared to the activities they did while on their holiday/vacation. It is easier to overcome/adjust to a normal routine the shorter the trip was. Post vacation blues may result in tiredness, loss of appetite, strong feelings of nostalgia, and in some cases, depression. Jet lag may intensify the post vacation blues. In general, post vacation blues will wear off over time. It usually takes a few days, but in extreme cases it can last for several weeks for the mood to fully wear off. Faster ways of treating post vacation blues is for the person to share their experiences with"
"and laboratory studies as evidence for the current systems failure. While the current system helps prevent extended sleep deprivation, it does not take into account circadian rhythm disruptions, time of day, or accumulated sleep debt. One study found that the findings show ""a need to raise the level of knowledge within the industry regarding the causes and consequences of fatigue and of processes for its management"". Pilot fatigue The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines fatigue as ""A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, circadian phase, or workload."" The phenomenon"
"JATO JATO (acronym for jet-assisted take-off), is a type of assisted take-off for helping overloaded aircraft into the air by providing additional thrust in the form of small rockets. The term ""JATO"" is used interchangeably with the (more specific) term RATO, for ""rocket-assisted take-off"" (or, in RAF parlance, RATOG, for ""rocket-assisted take-off gear""). Early experiments using rockets to boost gliders into the air were conducted in Germany in the 1920s (Lippisch Ente), and later both the Royal Air Force and the Luftwaffe introduced such systems in World War II. The British system used fairly large solid fuel rockets to shoot"
"event of a low oil pressure or high oil temperature warning in the cockpit. However, passengers in a jet powered aircraft may become quite alarmed by other engine events such as a compressor surge — a malfunction that is typified by loud bangs and even flames from the engine's inlet and tailpipe. A compressor surge is a disruption of the airflow through a gas turbine jet engine that can be caused by engine deterioration, a crosswind over the engine's inlet, ice accumulation around the engine inlet, ingestion of foreign material, or an internal component failure such as a broken blade."
"Group studied the effects of sleep loss and jet lag, and conducts training to counter these effects. A major fatigue countermeasures recommendation consists of a 40-minute nap (""NASA nap"") which empirically showed to improve flight crew performance and alertness with a 22% statistical risk of entering SWS. For several years, scientists have been investigating the benefits of napping, both the power nap and much longer sleep durations as long as 1–2 hours. Performance across a wide range of cognitive processes has been tested. Studies demonstrate that naps are as good as a night of sleep for some types of memory"
"rhythms of individuals with non-24 can resemble those of experimental subjects living in a time-isolated environment, even though they are living in normal society. The circadian clock modulates many physiological rhythms. The most easily observed of these is the propensity for sleep and wake; thus, people with non-24 experience symptoms of insomnia and daytime sleepiness (similar to ""jet lag"") when their endogenous circadian rhythms drift out of synchrony with the social/solar 24-hour day and they attempt to conform to a conventional schedule. Eventually, their circadian rhythms will drift back into normal alignment, and symptoms temporarily resolve, but then their clocks"
"Retching Retching (also known as dry heaving) is the reverse movement (retroperistalsis) of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting. It can be caused by bad smell or choking, or by withdrawal from some medications after vomiting stops. Retching can also occur as a result of an emotional response or from stress, which produces the same physical reaction. The function is thought to be mixing gastric contents with intestinal refluxate in order to buffer the former and give it momentum in preparation of vomiting. Treatments include medication and correction of the fluid and electrolyte balance. The retching phase is characterized by"
"actual phase of sleep is normal. Once they fall asleep, they stay asleep for a normal period of time, albeit a period of time that starts and stops at an abnormally late time. Individuals with the jet lag type of circadian rhythm sleep disorder demonstrate sleepiness during the desired wake portion of the day due to the change in time zone. They have difficulty sleeping during the desired sleep portion of the day. They also have difficulty altering their sleep-wake schedule to one appropriate to the new time zone. Individuals with the shift work type of the disorder feel sleepy"
"Jet set In journalism, jet set was a term for an international social group of wealthy people who travelled the world to participate in social activities unavailable to ordinary people. The term, which replaced ""café society"", came from the lifestyle of travelling from one stylish or exotic place to another via jet plane. The term ""jet set"" is attributed to Igor Cassini, a reporter for the ""New York Journal-American"" who wrote under the pen name ""Cholly Knickerbocker"". Although jet passenger service in the 1950s was initially marketed primarily to the rich, its introduction eventually resulted in a substantial democratization of"
"Jet airliner A jet airliner (or jetliner, in its portmanteau form) is an airliner powered by jet engines (passenger jet aircraft). Airliners usually have two or four jet engines; three-engined designs were popular in the 1970s but are less common today. Airliners are commonly classified as either the generally long-haul wide-body aircraft or narrow-body aircraft. Most airliners today are powered by jet engines, because they are capable of safely operating at high speeds and generate sufficient thrust to power large-capacity aircraft. The first jetliners, introduced in the 1950s, used the simpler turbojet engine; these were quickly supplanted by designs using"
"Wake turbulence Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes various components, the most important of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers simply to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent, but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, on the other hand, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as this would be chaotic. Instead, it"