"and rather less of that of their counterparts in the US. After difficulties and failures on both sides, including a side story about a catastrophic failure of one of the first Russian ballistic missiles, the Soviets succeed in putting Yuri Gagarin into space first, with the Americans putting Alan Shepard up shortly afterwards. Both sides now plan to put a man on the Moon - the Americans pull ahead in the space race with Project Gemini, but then suffer a disaster with the Apollo 1 fire. Meanwhile, despite a few notable successes such as the first space walk by Alexei"
"Yuri Gagarin Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He became the first human to journey into outer space when his Vostok spacecraft completed one orbit of the Earth on 12 April 1961. Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, his nation's highest honour. Vostok 1 was his only spaceflight, but he served as the backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission, which ended in a fatal crash. Gagarin later served as the deputy training director of the Cosmonaut"
"Monument to Yuri Gagarin Monument to Yuri Gagarin is a 42.5-meter high pedestal and statue of Yuri Gagarin, the first person to travel in space. It is located at Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow. The pedestal is designed to be reminiscent of a rocket exhaust. The statue is made of titanium, a metal often used in spacecraft, and weighs 12 tons. The monument to Yuri Gagarin was built for the 1980 Olympic Games. It stands in Gagarin Square on Leninsky Avenue. The creators of the monument are the sculptor Pavel Bondarenko, architects Yakov Belopolsky, F.M. Gazhevsky, and designer A.F. Sudakov. The"
"Alexey Leonov Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (; born 30 May 1934) is a retired Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first human to conduct extravehicular activity (EVA), exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for a 12-minute spacewalk. Leonov was born in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union. He was one of the 20 Soviet Air Force pilots selected to be part of the first cosmonaut group in 1960. Leonov was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (the only cosmonaut that was not was Konstantin Feoktistov)."
"Pavel Yablochkov, Aleksandr Butlerov, Andrei Sakharov, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Sergey Korolyov and Mstislav Keldysh (creators of the Soviet space program), Aleksandr Lyapunov, Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Andrei Tupolev, Yuri Denisyuk (the first practicable method of holography), Mikhail Lomonosov, Vladimir Vernadsky, Pyotr Kapitsa, Igor Sikorsky, Ludvig Faddeev, Konstantin Novoselov, Fyodor Shcherbatskoy, and Nikolai Trubetzkoy. The first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, was a Russian, and the first artificial satellite to be put into outer space, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union and was developed mainly by Russian aerospace engineer Sergey Korolyov. Russian Literature representatives like Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Ivan Turgenev, Anton"
"04:55 UTC on 23 November. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 38 minutes. Mikhail Tyurin Mikhail Vladislavovich Tyurin () (born March 2, 1960) is a former Russian cosmonaut who flew several missions to the International Space Station and completed four spacewalks during his career. He is called a hero of the Russian Federation for his work as a cosmonaut. Michael Tyurin lives in Korolev, a small city outside Moscow. He was born March 2, 1960, in Kolomna, Russia (then part of the Soviet Union) (about 60 miles from Moscow) where his parents still reside. He is married to Tatiana Anatoleyvna"
"Gherman Titov Gherman Stepanovich Titov (; 11 September 1935 – 20 September 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1. He was the fourth person in space, counting suborbital voyages of US astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom. Titov's flight finally proved that humans could live and work in space. He was the first person to orbit the Earth multiple times (a total of 17), to spend more than a day in space, to sleep in orbit and to suffer"
"countries of the former Eastern Bloc use variations of the Russian word ""kosmonavt"", such as the Polish ""kosmonauta"". Coinage of the term ""kosmonavt"" has been credited to Soviet aeronautics pioneer Mikhail Tikhonravov (1900–1974). The first cosmonaut was Soviet Air Force pilot Yuri Gagarin, also the first person in space. Valentina Tereshkova, a Russian factory worker, was the first woman in space, as well as the first civilian among the Soviet cosmonaut or NASA astronaut corps to make a spaceflight. On March 14, 1995, Norman Thagard became the first American to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle, and"
"Gagarin: First in Space Gagarin: First in Space aka. First man In Space ( ""or"" поехали!) is a 2013 Russian docudrama biopic about the first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, and the mission of Vostok 1. It was released by Central Partnership theatrically in Russia on June 6, 2013, and in the United Kingdom on DVD on June 23, 2014 by Entertainment One. The film's running time of 108 minutes approximates the time it took Gagarin to go around the Earth before returning. It stars Yaroslav Zhalnin as Soviet fighter pilot and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The film received mixed reviews,"
"Valeri Polyakov Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (, born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov on April 27, 1942) is a former Russian cosmonaut. He is the holder of the record for the longest single stay in space in human history, staying aboard the Mir space station for more than 14 months (437 days 18 hours) during one trip. His combined space experience is more than 22 months. Selected as a cosmonaut in 1972, Polyakov made his first flight into space aboard Soyuz TM-6 in 1988. He returned to Earth 240 days later aboard TM-7. Polyakov completed his second flight into space in 1994–1995, spending"
"Sergey Volkov (cosmonaut) Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov (; born April 1, 1973, in Chuhuiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a retired Russian cosmonaut and engineer. He was a member of three missions to the International Space Station, spending more than a year in total in space. During his missions he did four spacewalks lasting more than 23 hours in total. Volkov retired from the Cosmonaut group in February 2017. Volkov is the first second-generation cosmonaut (and space walker), the son of cosmonaut Aleksandr Volkov. He was born on April 1, 1973 in Chuguyev, Kharkov Region, Ukraine. Volkov and his wife Natalia"
"half hours later, which concluded the 11-month mission of Kelly and Korniyenko. Sergey Volkov (cosmonaut) Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov (; born April 1, 1973, in Chuhuiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a retired Russian cosmonaut and engineer. He was a member of three missions to the International Space Station, spending more than a year in total in space. During his missions he did four spacewalks lasting more than 23 hours in total. Volkov retired from the Cosmonaut group in February 2017. Volkov is the first second-generation cosmonaut (and space walker), the son of cosmonaut Aleksandr Volkov. He was born on April"
"through the power of human science and industry. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (; 19 September 1935) was a Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory. Along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie, the German-Romanian Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern rocketry and astronautics. His works later inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko and contributed to the success of the Soviet space program. Tsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts of"
"and first flight into space. Brand, meanwhile, had trained with the Apollo spacecraft during his time as a backup Apollo 15 command module pilot, and had served two stints as a backup Skylab commander. The closest he had come to flying prior to ASTP was as commander for the Skylab Rescue mission mustered to potentially retrieve the crew of Skylab 3 due to a fuel leak on that mission's Apollo CSM. The Soyuz flew with two men: Alexey Leonov and Valeri Kubasov. Leonov became the first man to walk in space on Voskhod 2 in 1965. Kubasov, who flew on"
"Pavel Belyayev Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev (; 26 June 1925 – 10 January 1970), was a Soviet fighter pilot with extensive experience in piloting different types of aircraft. He was the first commander of the cosmonaut corps and the cosmonaut who commanded the historic Voskhod 2 mission which saw the first man walk in space in 1965. Pavel Belyayev was one of 6 children and was known as ""Pasha"" to his family and friends. He was born on 26 June 1925, in Chelishchevo, now Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. In 1932 his family moved to the nearby village of Minkovo. His"
"the training and flight of Yuri Gagarin. It was part of a week to celebrate the 50 anniversary of Gagarin's flight. Gherman Titov Gherman Stepanovich Titov (; 11 September 1935 – 20 September 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut who, on 6 August 1961, became the second human to orbit the Earth, aboard Vostok 2, preceded by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1. He was the fourth person in space, counting suborbital voyages of US astronauts Alan Shepard and Gus Grissom. Titov's flight finally proved that humans could live and work in space. He was the first person to orbit the Earth"
"weeks after the spacewalk. The spacewalk ended when the two re-entered the ""Pirs"" airlock and closed its hatch at 11:27 p.m. EST. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours and 43 minutes. Valeri Tokarev Valeri Ivanovich Tokarev (; born October 29, 1952) is a Russian Air Force Colonel and test cosmonaut at the Yuri A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. Tokarev traveled to space twice, and has performed two career spacewalks, before retiring in June 2008. Tokarev was born October 29, 1952, in Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan Oblast, Soviet Union. He is married to Irina Tokareva (née Nikolayevna), with whom they have two children:"
"spacewalk marked the fourth EVA conducted during the Expedition 38 and lasted six hours and eight minutes. On 17 August 2017, Ryazansky performed his fourth spacewalk with cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin. The cosmonauts tested a new version of the Orlan space suit, deploying five nano-satellites and installing external experiments. Spacewalk lasted of 7 hours, 34 minutes. Sergey Ryazansky Sergey Nikolayevich Ryazansky (; born November 13, 1974) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was selected as commander of the IMBP-6 cosmonaut group in 2003, but later transferred to the TsPK Cosmonaut Group. Ryazansky made his first spaceflight aboard the Soyuz TMA-10M/Expedition 37/Expedition 38"
"Georgy Dobrovolsky Georgiy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (; June 1, 1928June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who served on the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft. They became the world's first space station crew aboard Salyut 1, but died in space due to asphyxiation due to an accidentally opened valve. They were the first and, as of 2018, the only humans to have died in space. Dobrovolsky, Viktor Patsayev and Vladislav Volkov flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and were the world's second crew to die during a space flight (after Vladimir Komarov in Soyuz 1). After a normal re-entry,"
"Georgy Grechko Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (; 25 May 1931 – 8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights including Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14. Grechko graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Mechanics with a doctorate in mathematics. He was a member of Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He went on to work at Sergei Korolev's design bureau and from there was selected for cosmonaut training for the Soviet moon programme. When that program was cancelled, he went on to work on the Salyut space stations. Grechko made the first spacewalk in an"
"ranks as most likely to be first in space. Irina Solovyova Irina Bayanovna Solovyova () (born September 6, 1937) was one of the five women chosen in the female group, now a retired Soviet cosmonaut. She never flew into space, but was chosen as the backup to Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space via Vostok 6 in June, 1963. Solovyova was also chosen to fly on Voskhod 5, in which she would have become the first woman to walk in space (that honor went to Svetlana Savitskaya in 1984), but the Voskhod program was canceled after Voskhod 2 in"
"five cosmonauts selected to raise the Russian flag at the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. Sergei Krikalev Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (, also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov; born August 27, 1958) is a Russian cosmonaut and mechanical engineer. As a prominent rocket scientist, he is a veteran of six space flights and ranks third to Gennady Padalka and Yuri Malenchenko for the amount of time in space: a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 38 minutes. He retired from spaceflight in 2007 and is currently working as vice president of Space Corporation Energia. Krikalev was born in Leningrad (now"
"Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (; 19 September 1935) was a Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of the astronautic theory. Along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie, the German-Romanian Hermann Oberth and the American Robert H. Goddard, he is considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern rocketry and astronautics. His works later inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers such as Sergei Korolev and Valentin Glushko and contributed to the success of the Soviet space program. Tsiolkovsky spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts of Kaluga, about southwest of Moscow. A recluse by"
"Georgy Beregovoy Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (, ; April 15, 1921 – June 30, 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968. At the time of his flight, Beregovoy was 47 years of age: he was the earliest-born human to go to orbit, being born three months and three days earlier than the second earliest-born man in orbit – John Glenn, but later than X-15 pilot Joe Walker who made 2 (or 3, according to USAF definition) suborbital space flights. Beregovoy was born on April 15, 1921, in Fedorivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic"
"secret mission. Yuri Shargin Yuri Georgiyevich Shargin () is a retired cosmonaut of the Russian Space Forces. He was born March 20, 1960, in Engels, Saratov Oblast, Russian SFSR. He is divorced and has two children. Shargin graduated from the Military Engineering Academy for Aeronautics and Astronautics located in Leningrad. He is a lieutenant colonel in the Russian Space Forces. He was selected as a cosmonaut on February 9, 1996. He was selected in 2004, to be the flight engineer on the Soyuz TMA-5 mission to the International Space Station. Shargin was the first Russian military cosmonaut on board and"
"Vostok 1 Vostok 1 (, ""East"" or ""Orient"" 1) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first manned spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on April 12, 1961, with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard, making him the first human to cross into outer space. The orbital spaceflight consisted of a single orbit around Earth which skimmed the upper atmosphere at at its lowest point. The flight took 108 minutes from launch to landing. Gagarin parachuted to the ground separately from his capsule after ejecting at altitude. The Space Race between"
"Surayev went outside the ISS into space with fellow Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotov to begin his first spacewalk. The spacewalk started at 10:05 GMT when Surayev and Kotov donned in new Russian Orlan-MK computerised spacesuits floated out of the ""Pirs"" Docking compartment airlock. The spacewalking duo connected cables between the ""Poisk"" and ""Zvezda"" modules, installed docking targets and Kurs aerials and attached additional handrails to exit hatches. They also retrieved a Russian biological experiment from the outside hull of the ISS and tossed out two big wads of space trash that contained unneeded insulation covers. The spacewalk lasted 5 hours"
"Arkady Ostashev Arkady Ilyich Ostashev (); September 30, 1925, village Maly Vasilyev, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast, USSR – July 12, 1998, Moscow, Russian Federation was an engineer, Soviet, Russian scientist, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Born on September 30, 1925 in the village of Maly Vasilyev. Mother – Ostasheva (nee Гирусова) Serafima Vasilievna, 1888 birth. Father – Ostashev Ilya"
"pass the eternal path. Burning steppes, and melt concrete... October he will not forget the polygon. </poem> About A. I. Ostasheve written in books: Arkady Ostashev Arkady Ilyich Ostashev (); September 30, 1925, village Maly Vasilyev, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast, USSR – July 12, 1998, Moscow, Russian Federation was an engineer, Soviet, Russian scientist, participant in the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite and the first cosmonaut, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, laureate of the Lenin and state prizes of the, senior test pilot of missiles and space-rocket complexes of OKB-1, the disciple and companion of Sergei Pavlovich Korolev."
"Cosmonautics Day Cosmonautics Day (, ""Den Kosmonavtiki"") is an anniversary celebrated in Russia and some other former USSR countries on 12 April. In Poland an ""International Day of Aviation and Cosmonautics"" () is celebrated on the same day. In 2011, 12 April was declared as the International Day of Human Space Flight in dedication of the first manned space flight made on 12 April 1961 by the 27-year-old Russian Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Gagarin circled the Earth for 1 hour and 48 minutes aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft. The commemorative day was established in the Soviet Union one year later,"
"Boris Yegorov Boris Borisovich Yegorov (, Boris Borisovich Egorov; November 26, 1937, Moscow – September 12, 1994, Moscow) was a Soviet physician-cosmonaut who became the first physician to make a space flight. Yegorov came from a medical background, with his father a prominent heart surgeon, and his mother an ophthalmologist. He also selected medicine as a career and graduated from the ""First Moscow Medical Institute"" in 1961. During the course of his studies, he came into contact with Yuri Gagarin's training and became interested in space medicine. Yegorov earned his doctorate in medicine, with his specialisation being in disorders of"
"of the cosmonauts in the following order: Gagarin, Titov, Nelyubov, Nikolayev, Bykovskiy, Popovich. At this stage Gagarin was the clear favorite to be the first man in space, not only based on the exams, but also among an informal peer evaluation. The first manned spaceflight, Vostok 1 in April 1961, was preceded by several preparatory flights. In mid-1960, the Soviets learned that the Americans could launch a sub-orbital manned spaceflight as early as January 1961. Korolev saw this as an important deadline, and was determined to launch a manned orbital mission before the Americans launched their manned suborbital mission. By"
"Valentin Lebedev Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (; born April 14, 1942 in Moscow) was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space. His stay aboard the Space Station Salyut 7 with Anatoly Berezovoy in 1982, which lasted 211 days, was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. Since 1989 Lebedev has dedicated himself to scientific work. In 1991 he started the Scientific Geoinformation Center of the Russian Academy of Science. He continues as that Center's Director through the present day. Valentin Lebedev is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation."