"In 2009, the Prado selected ""The Third of May 1808"" as one of the museum's fourteen most important paintings, to be displayed in Google Earth at a resolution of 14,000 megapixels. The most likely sources for ""The Third of May"" were popular imagery, prints, and broadsides. Depictions of firing squads were common in Spanish political imagery during the Napoleonic War, and Goya's appropriations suggest that he envisaged paintings of heroic scale that would appeal to the general public. Miguel Gamborino's 1813 devotional print ""The Assassination of Five Monks from Valencia"" is thought to have served as a source for Goya's"
"Massacre in Korea Massacre in Korea is an expressionistic painting completed on January 18, 1951, by Pablo Picasso; it criticizes United States intervention in the Korean War. It may depict an event such as the No Gun Ri Massacre in July 1950 when an undetermined number of South Korean refugees were killed by U.S. forces, or the same year, the Sinchon Massacre, an alleged mass killing carried out in the county of Sinchon, South Hwanghae Province, North Korea. ""Massacre in Korea"" depicts civilians being killed by anti-communist forces. The art critic Kirsten Hoving Keen says that it is ""inspired by"
"the politics of his time. At by , the work is smaller than his ""Guernica"". However, it bears a conceptual resemblance to that painting as well as an expressive vehemence. The painting is exhibited in the Musée Picasso in Paris. Massacre in Korea Massacre in Korea is an expressionistic painting completed on January 18, 1951, by Pablo Picasso; it criticizes United States intervention in the Korean War. It may depict an event such as the No Gun Ri Massacre in July 1950 when an undetermined number of South Korean refugees were killed by U.S. forces, or the same year, the"
"Trotskyist and anti-Stalinist André Breton was more blunt; refusing to shake hands with Picasso, he told him: ""I don't approve of your joining the Communist Party nor with the stand you have taken concerning the purges of the intellectuals after the Liberation"". Picasso was against the intervention of the United Nations and the United States in the Korean War and he depicted it in ""Massacre in Korea"". The art critic Kirsten Hoving Keen says that it is ""inspired by reports of American atrocities"" and considers it one of Picasso's communist works. In 1962, he received the Lenin Peace Prize. Biographer"
"of courageous conquests, showing the achievements in victory of a nation, ruler or commander. Instead of commemorating victories, war also brings about the brutality of conflict and violence. For example, Francisco de Goya's painting of ""The Third of May, 1808 in Madrid: The Executions on the Principe Pio Hill"", 1814 and Ma's ""The Sea of Blood"", 1961 are works that artists use their work to express their personal concerns and moral outrage. In these paintings, war is no longer about heroism and glory, but about murder and torture. Japan invaded China from 1937 to 1945 which is historically known as"
"not. The war began on the night of 2 May 1808, and was immortalized by Francisco Goya's painting ""The Second of May 1808"", also known as ""The Charge of the Mamelukes"". From the outbreak of the Spanish revolt against the Bonapartist regime in 1808, Napoleon's forces faced both Spanish armies and partisans, joined later by British and Portuguese armies under Arthur Wellesley. The Spanish organized an interim Spanish government, the Supreme Central Junta and called for a Cortes to convene with representatives from all the Spanish provinces throughout the worldwide empire, in order to establish a government with a firm"
"by Spanish post-romanticist writer Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer and by Francisco Goya's painting ""The Third of May 1808"". Toledo, 1808. The city has been occupied by French Napoleonic troops. A firing squad executes a small group of Spanish rebels who cry out ""Long live chains!"" or ""Death to the ""gabachos""!"" -a Spanish pejorative term for ""Frenchmen""-. The troops are encamped in a Catholic church which they desecrate by drinking, singing, and eating the communion wafers. The captain caresses a statue of Doña Elvira de Castañeda and is knocked unconscious by the statue of her husband, Don Pedro López de Ayala. In"
"of May 1808"" has inspired a number of other major paintings, including a series by Édouard Manet, and Pablo Picasso's ""Massacre in Korea"" and ""Guernica"". Napoleon I of France declared himself First Consul of the French Republic on November 10, 1799, and crowned himself Emperor in 1804. Because Spain controlled access to the Mediterranean, the country was politically and strategically important to French interests. The reigning Spanish sovereign, Charles IV, was internationally regarded as ineffectual. Even in his own court he was seen as a ""half-wit king who renounces cares of state for the satisfaction of hunting"", and a cuckold"
"and wounded on the frozen battlefield. In contrast, Goya's large paintings ""The Second of May 1808"" and ""The Third of May 1808"", perhaps consciously conceived as a riposte to Gros, and his related series of 82 etchings, ""The Disasters of War"" (Spanish: ""Los Desastres de la Guerra""), emphasized the brutality of the French forces during the Peninsular War in Spain. British depictions of the Napoleonic Wars continued the late 18th century patterns, often on a larger scale, with the death of Admiral Horatio Nelson quickly producing large works by Arthur William Devis (""The Death of Nelson, 21 October 1805"") and"
"completed his ""La maja desnuda"", a remarkably daring nude for the time and clearly indebted to Diego Velázquez. In 1801 he painted ""Charles IV of Spain and His Family"", also influenced by Velázquez. In 1807 Napoleon led the French army into the Peninsular War against Spain. Goya remained in Madrid during the war which seems to have affected him deeply. Although he did not vocalise his thoughts in public, they can be inferred from his ""Disasters of War"" series of prints (although published 35 years after his death) and his 1814 paintings ""The Second of May 1808"" and ""The Third"
"The Charnel House The Charnel House (Le Charnier) is a c.1944–1948 painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881–1973), purportedly dealing with the Nazi genocide of the Holocaust. The black and white 'grisaille' composition centres on a massed pile of corpses, and was based primarily upon film and photographs of a slaughtered family during the Spanish Civil War. It is considered to be Picasso's second major anti-war painting, the first being the monumental ""Guernica"" (1937), but it is not thought to be as significant as that work because the artist left it unfinished. Picasso spent at least six months working on"
"a favorite subject of film, both for its dramatic appeal and its potential as propaganda. The North Korean government film industry has produced many scores of films about the war. These have portrayed war crimes by American or South Korean soldiers while glorifying members of the North Korean military as well as North Korean ideals. Some of the most prominent of these films include: Singer-songwriter David Rovics sings about the Korean War in his song ""Korea"" on the album ""Song for Mahmud"". ""Massacre in Korea"" (1951), by Pablo Picasso, depicts war violence against civilians. The Colombian theatrical work ""El monte"
"Francisco Franco to overthrow the Basque government and the Spanish Republican government. Pablo Picasso painted his mural-sized ""Guernica"" to commemorate the horrors of the bombing. During the Great Depression of the 1930s and through the years of World War II, American art was characterized by Social Realism and American Scene Painting, in the work of Grant Wood, Edward Hopper, Ben Shahn, Thomas Hart Benton, and several others. ""Nighthawks"" (1942) is a painting by Edward Hopper that portrays people sitting in a downtown diner late at night. It is not only Hopper's most famous painting, but one of the most recognizable"
"in the conflict. Duncan is considered the most prominent combat photographer of the Korean War. Out of the Vietnam War, Duncan eventually compiled two additional books, ""I Protest! (1968)"" and ""War Without Heroes (1970)"". Here, Duncan abandoned impartiality and challenged the US government's handling of the war. Aside from his combat photographs, Duncan is also known for his photographs of Pablo Picasso, to whom he had been introduced by fellow photographer Robert Capa. He published seven books of photographs of Picasso in all. Duncan became a close friend of Picasso and was the only person allowed to photograph many of"
"became the site of occasional anti-war vigils. These were usually peaceful and uneventful, but on 28 February 1974, Tony Shafrazi—ostensibly protesting Second Lieutenant William Calley's petition for habeas corpus following his indictment and sentencing for the murder of 109 Vietnamese civilians during the My Lai massacre—defaced the painting with red spray paint, painting the words ""KILL LIES ALL""; the paint was removed with relative ease from the varnished surface. As early as 1968, Franco had expressed an interest in having ""Guernica"" come to Spain. However, Picasso refused to allow this until the Spanish people again enjoyed a republic. He later"
"named after the painting. The Three Dancers The Three Dancers (French: ""Les Trois Danseuses"") is a painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, painted in June 1925. It is an oil on canvas and measures 84.8 in x 56 in (215.3 cm x 142.2 cm). The painting shows three dancers, the one on the right being barely visible. A macabre dance takes place, with the dancer on the left having her head bent at a near-impossible angle. The dancer on the right is usually interpreted as being Ramon Pichot, a friend of Picasso who died during the painting of ""Three Dancers""."
"military tribunal, chaired by General Emmanuel Grouchy, that morning to summarily try and sentence anyone found in possession of a potential weapon. Many Spaniards lost their lives, and artist Francisco Goya, who witnessed the aftermath of the executions, painted his famous painting ""The Third of May 1808"" to commemorate this event. The fighting and executions claimed at least 154 French and 409 Spanish lives and inspired resistance to the French across the country, signalling the start of the Spanish War of Independence. After Daoíz's death his wife entered a convent in Seville. Daoíz is commemorated as a leader of the"
"the Basque Government and the Spanish Republican government. Pablo Picasso painted his mural sized ""Guernica"" to commemorate the horrors of the bombing. ""Guernica"" is an immense black-and-white, 3.5 metre (11 ft) tall and 7.8 metre (23 ft) wide mural painted in oil. The mural presents a scene of death, violence, brutality, suffering, and helplessness without portraying their immediate causes. The choice to paint in black and white invokes the immediacy of a newspaper photograph. The painting was first exhibited in Paris in 1937, then Scandinavia and London, and in 1939 at Picasso's request the painting was sent to the United"
"military air force. The number of victims is still disputed; the Basque government reported 1,654 people killed at the time, while local historians identified 126 victims (later revised by the authors of the study to 153). A British source used by the Air War College claims 400 civilians died. Soviet archives claim 800 deaths on 1 May 1937, but this number may not include victims who later died of their injuries in hospitals or whose bodies were discovered buried in the rubble. The bombing is the subject of a famous anti-war painting by Pablo Picasso, commissioned by the Spanish Republic."
"Guernica (Picasso) Guernica () is a large oil painting on canvas by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso completed in June 1937, at his home on Rue des Grands Augustins, in Paris. The painting, now in the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, was done with a palette of gray, black, and white, and is regarded by many art critics as one of the most moving and powerful anti-war paintings in history. Standing at tall and wide, the painting shows the suffering of people and animals wrenched by violence and chaos. Prominent in the composition are a gored horse, a bull, and flames."
"Goya's ""Tres de Mayo"" (""The Third of May 1808"") of a few years earlier, which was apparently not even on display in the Prado Museum until some years later. In contrast, Delacroix's ""Liberty Leading the People"" of 1830 showed fighting in a positive light, but not the ""military"" as it shows armed civilian revolutionaries of the July Revolution, advancing against the unseen uniformed forces of the government. Turkish atrocities were to remain a recurrent theme in 19th-century painting, especially in former Ottoman territories escaped from the declining empire (often pre-rape scenes treated rather salaciously), and general anti-military sentiments, previously mostly"
"of intimidation. Because a majority of the town's men were away, engaged in fighting on behalf of the Republicans, the town at the time of the bombing was populated mostly by women and children. These demographics are reflected in the painting because, as Rudolf Arnheim writes, for Picasso: ""The women and children make ""Guernica"" the image of innocent, defenseless humanity victimized. Also, women and children have often been presented by Picasso as the very perfection of mankind. An assault on women and children is, in Picasso's view, directed at the core of mankind."" Clearly, the Nationalists sought to demoralize the"
"Canadian pavilion depicted aspects of Canadian culture. The Spanish pavilion attracted attention as the exposition took place during the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish pavilion was built by the Spanish architect Josep Lluis Sert. The pavilion, set up by the Republican government, included Pablo Picasso's famous painting ""Guernica"", a depiction of the horrors of war, Alexander Calder's sculpture ""Mercury Fountain"" and Joan Miró's painting ""Catalan peasant in revolt"". Two of the other notable pavilions were those of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The organization of the world exhibition had placed the German and the Soviet pavilions directly across from"
"The Three Dancers The Three Dancers (French: ""Les Trois Danseuses"") is a painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, painted in June 1925. It is an oil on canvas and measures 84.8 in x 56 in (215.3 cm x 142.2 cm). The painting shows three dancers, the one on the right being barely visible. A macabre dance takes place, with the dancer on the left having her head bent at a near-impossible angle. The dancer on the right is usually interpreted as being Ramon Pichot, a friend of Picasso who died during the painting of ""Three Dancers"". (Some critics believe it"
"torturers. In the Ministry of Love, Winston's torturer (O'Brien) states: ""You are imagining that there is something called human nature which will be outraged by what we do and will turn against us. But we create human nature. Men are infinitely malleable"". A tapestry copy of Picasso's ""Guernica"" depicting a massacre of innocent women and children during the Spanish civil war is displayed on the wall of the United Nations building in New York City, at the entrance to the Security Council room, demonstrably as a spur to the conscience of representatives from the nation states. Albert Tucker painted ""Man's"
"of skulls that Picasso used recurrently after 1945 to express the trauma of World War II and his experience in the Paris of the German Occupation. Renau reacts to the trauma of war with angular shapes and expressionistic brushstrokes that remain close to the language of Picasso's ""Guernica"" and Joan Miró's ""The Reaper,"" two large-format paintings conceived for the Spanish Pavilion in the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne (Paris International Exposition) in the 1937 World's Fair in Paris. Renau played a crucial role in the gestation of the Spanish Pavilion; he was responsible for Picasso's"
"purporting to bring democracy to Iraq. The Disasters of War The Disasters of War (Spanish: Los desastres de la guerra) is a series of 82 prints created between 1810 and 1820 by the Spanish painter and printmaker Francisco Goya (1746–1828). Although Goya did not make known his intention when creating the plates, art historians view them as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, the subsequent Peninsular War of 1808–14 and the setbacks to the liberal cause following the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. During the conflicts between Napoleon's French Empire and"
"Pablo Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (; ; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist ""Les Demoiselles d'Avignon"" (1907), and ""Guernica"" (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica"
"paint to invoke the truth-telling authority of documentary photography. Yet his Cubist use of fragmented imagery makes his a poetic commentary, rather than strident propaganda. ""The protest is found in what has happened to the bodies, the hands, the soles of the feet, the horse's tongue, the mother's breasts, the eyes in the head—the imaginative equivalent of what happened to them in the flesh. We are made to feel their pain with our own eyes."" The display of Picasso's work at (Republican) Spain's Pavilion during the 1937 World's Fair reflected the impact on public consciousness. The painting, later adopted as"
"New York where he participated in the creation of new decoration and costumes for a choreography of Balanchine; which he unveiled in Chicago and Philadelphia. Then he returned to Paris and Vevey for the summer. At summer's end, he departed for Moscow, where he had an exhibition at the ""Musée Occidental"" (Western Museum), then at the museum of Kiev. In 1935, he painted the ""Dynamiteros"" in Spain; with inspiration from the revolution and the ""War of Spain"". In Paris, he participated in the activities of the Association of the revolutionary authors and artists. Then, he followed, with Malraux and Aragon,"
"""Dog Barking at the Moon"" has been considered to have symbols based on his emerging surrealist ideas although others have interpreted the young dog barking at a ladder as symbolizing Miró's ambition. Later works show his reaction to the Spanish Civil War which included his ""Barcelona Series"". At that time the artist accepted a commission from the Government of the Republic, and painted the stamp ""Aidez l'Espagne"" and ""The Reaper"" (Catalan peasant in revolt) for the Spanish Pavilion of the Republic of the Paris International Exhibition of 1937, works displayed next to ""Guernica"" by Pablo Picasso . The Second World"
"""The Charnel House"" which has iconographic links to the graphic work of Picasso's Spanish compatriot Francisco de Goya (1746–1828). Picasso's friend and biographer Pierre Daix records that the title of the painting was not one assigned to it originally by Picasso himself – the artist referred to ""The Charnel House"" as simply 'my painting' or 'the massacre'; nevertheless, in later years after the Second World War Picasso refused to retitle the painting once its identity as ""The Charnel House"" gained popularity, and it was first exhibited as such following Picasso's joining of the Communist Party in 1946. The Charnel House"
"Objectivity"") emerged as Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz and others politicized their paintings. The work of these artists grew out of expressionism, and was a response to the political tensions of the Weimar Republic, and was often sharply satirical. During the 1930s radical leftist politics characterized many of the artists connected to Surrealism, including Pablo Picasso. On 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the Basque town of Gernika was the scene of the ""Bombing of Gernika"" by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany's Luftwaffe. The Germans were attacking to support the efforts of Francisco Franco to overthrow"