"broken down as follows into further parts, resulting in a total of 34 separate printed volumes : Samuel Taylor Coleridge Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He wrote the poems ""The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"" and ""Kubla Khan"", as well as the major prose work ""Biographia Literaria"". His critical work, especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to"
"manuscripts of his poems for a collection titled ""Sibylline Leaves"". The poem remained buried in obscurity until a 10 April 1816 meeting between Coleridge and Lord Byron, who persuaded Coleridge to publish ""Christabel"" and ""Kubla Khan"" as fragments. Leigh Hunt, the poet and essayist, witnessed the event and wrote, ""He recited his 'Kubla Khan' one morning to Lord Byron, in his Lordship's house in Piccadilly, when I happened to be in another room. I remember the other's coming away from him, highly struck with his poem, and saying how wonderfully he talked. This was the impression of everyone who heard"
"of that time. Person from Porlock The person from Porlock was an unwelcome visitor to Samuel Taylor Coleridge during his composition of the poem ""Kubla Khan"" in 1797. Coleridge claimed to have perceived the entire course of the poem in a dream (possibly an opium-induced haze), but was interrupted by this visitor from Porlock while in the process of writing it. ""Kubla Khan,"" only 54 lines long, was never completed. Thus ""person from Porlock"", ""man from Porlock"", or just ""Porlock"" are literary allusions to unwanted intruders who disrupt inspired creativity. In 1797 Coleridge was living at Nether Stowey, a village"
"200–300 line plan as the interruption caused him to forget the lines. He left it unpublished and kept it for private readings for his friends until 1816 when, at the prompting of Lord Byron, it was published. Some of Coleridge's contemporaries denounced the poem and questioned his story of its origin. It was not until years later that critics began to openly admire the poem. Most modern critics now view ""Kubla Khan"" as one of Coleridge's three great poems, along with ""The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"" and ""Christabel"". The poem is considered one of the most famous examples of"
"Coleridge and opium Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 1772–25 July 1834) was an English poet, critic, and philosopher who consumed opium to address his health issues. His use of opium in his home country of England, as well as Sicily and Malta, is extensively documented. Coleridge's opium use led to serious consequences. Coupled with his health conditions, Coleridge's opium addiction was harmful towards life and adversely impacted his career. Coleridge was widely known to have been a regular user of opium as a relaxant, analgesic, antidepressant, and treatment for numerous health concerns. ""Kubla Khan"" was apparently written under the drug's"
"Person from Porlock The person from Porlock was an unwelcome visitor to Samuel Taylor Coleridge during his composition of the poem ""Kubla Khan"" in 1797. Coleridge claimed to have perceived the entire course of the poem in a dream (possibly an opium-induced haze), but was interrupted by this visitor from Porlock while in the process of writing it. ""Kubla Khan,"" only 54 lines long, was never completed. Thus ""person from Porlock"", ""man from Porlock"", or just ""Porlock"" are literary allusions to unwanted intruders who disrupt inspired creativity. In 1797 Coleridge was living at Nether Stowey, a village in the foothills"
"""to finish Christabel"" before the end of the year, though he would not meet his goal. The poem was first published in the collection of three poems: ""Christabel; Kubla Khan: A Vision; The Pains of Sleep"", by the John Murray Press on 25 May 1816. Thematically the poem is one of Coleridge's most cohesive constructs, with the narrative plot more explicit than previous works such as the fragmented Kubla Khan which tend to transcend traditional composure. Indeed, in many respects the consistency of the poem – most apparent from the structural formality and rhymic rigidity (four accentual beats to every"
"Journal, October 1798. It is possible that the poem was recited to his friends during this time and was kept for private use instead of publication. However, the exact date of the poem is uncertain because Coleridge normally dated his poems but did not date ""Kubla Khan"". Coleridge did write to John Thelwall, 14 October 1797, to describe his feelings related to those expressed in the poem: I should much wish, like the Indian Vishna, to float about along an infinite ocean cradled in the flower of the Lotos, & wake once in a million years for a few minutes"
"of Coleridge's life. In 1795, Coleridge met poet William Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy. (Wordsworth, having visited him and being enchanted by the surroundings, rented Alfoxton Park, a little over three miles [5 km] away.) Besides the ""Rime of The Ancient Mariner"", Coleridge composed the symbolic poem ""Kubla Khan"", written—Coleridge himself claimed—as a result of an opium dream, in ""a kind of a reverie""; and the first part of the narrative poem ""Christabel"". The writing of ""Kubla Khan"", written about the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan and his legendary palace at Xanadu, was said to have been interrupted by the arrival"
"other 'Fears in Solitude' than that written by Coleridge and there are other 'Frosts at Midnight'; but there are no other 'Ancient Mariners' or 'Kubla Khans,' nor are there likely to be. In evaluating Coleridge's poetry, it can readily be seen and accepted that for the poems of high imagination his reputation is eternally made."" In the same year as Radley, George Watson argued that ""The case of 'Kubla Khan' is perhaps the strangest of all – a poem that stands high even in English poetry as a work of ordered perfection is offered by the poet himself, nearly twenty"
"and brought up there. In 1817 the poet, aesthetic philosopher and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge came to live in the Highgate home of Dr James Gillman in order to rehabilitate from his desperate opium addiction. After Dr Gillman built a special wing for the poet, Coleridge lived there for the rest of his life, becoming known as the sage of Highgate. While here some of his most famous poems, though written years earlier, were first published including ""Kubla Khan"". His literary autobiography, ""Biographia Literaria"", appeared in 1817. His home became a place of pilgrimage for figures such as Carlyle and"
"to have written finely under the influence of laudanum, recommends 'Kubla-Khan' to his readers, not as a poem, but as 'a psychological curiosity' ... Every lover of books, scholar or not, who knows what it is to have his quarto open against a loaf at his tea ... ought to be in possession of Mr. Coleridge's poems, if it is only for 'Christabel', 'Kubla Khan', and the 'Ancient Mariner'."" When talking about the poem on its own, Hunt claimed it ""is a voice and a vision, an everlasting tune in our mouths, a dream fit for Cambuscan and all his"
"of inspiring and interesting the nation in pursuing the project of exploration. ""Purchas his Pilgrimes"" became one of the sources of inspiration for the poem ""Kubla Khan"" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. As a note to Coleridge's poem explains, ""In the summer of the year 1797, the Author, then in ill health, had retired to a lonely farm-house between Porlock and Linton, on the Exmoor confines of Somerset and Devonshire. In consequence of a slight indisposition, an anodyne had been prescribed, from the effects of which he fell asleep in his chair at the moment that he was reading the following"
"many people including Walter Scott. However, the immediate response to the 1816 collection was to ignore ""Christabel"" and ""Kubla Khan"" or simply to attack ""Kubla Khan"". The work went through multiple editions, but the poem, as with his others published in 1816 and 1817, had poor sales as a result of hostile critics who went so far to attack Coleridge's integrity. Many of the attacks started as a new generation of critical magazines, including ""Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine"", ""Edinburgh Review"", and ""Quarterly Review"", were established at the beginning of the 19th century. The critics were more provocative than those of the"
"only a few poems of the first rank – perhaps no more than a dozen, all told – and he seems to have taken a very casual attitude toward them ... he kept 'Kubla Khan' in manuscript for nearly twenty years before offering it to the public 'rather as a psychological curiosity, than on the grounds of any supposed ""poetic"" merits'"". Harold Bloom, in 2010, argued that Coleridge wrote two kinds of poems and that ""The daemonic group, necessarily more famous, is the triad of ""The Ancient Mariner"", ""Christabel"", and 'Kubla Khan.'"" He goes on to explain the ""daemonic"": ""Opium"
"and nature, and the poet is able to tap into nature in a way Kubla Khan cannot to harness its power. Towards the end of 1797, Coleridge was fascinated with the idea of a river and it was used in multiple poems including ""Kubla Khan"" and ""The Brook"". In his ""Biographia Literaria"" (1817), he explained, ""I sought for a subject, that should give equal room and freedom for description, incident, and impassioned reflections on men, nature, and society, yet supply in itself a natural connection to the parts and unity to the whole. Such a subject I conceived myself to"
"poem: ""Almost daily social intercourse with this remarkable brother and sister seemed to provide the catalyst to greatness, for it is during this period that Coleridge conceived his greatest poems, 'Christabel,' 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,' and 'Kubla Khan,' poems so distinctive and so different from his others that many generations of readers know Coleridge solely through them."" She latter added that ""Of all the poems Coleridge wrote, three are beyond compare. These three, 'The Ancient Mariner,' 'Christabel,' and 'Kubla Khan,' produced an aura which defies definition, but which might be properly be called one of 'natural magic.'"" What"
"However, English authors were still given far more attention than American, and William Wordsworth was the most reviewed of all. Essays were written about the new Romantic movement. In general, the ""Eclectic"" preferred Wordsworth to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, particularly after the publication of ""Kubla Khan"", calling on him ""to break off his desultory and luxurious habits, and to brace his mind to intellectual exertion"". Percy Bysshe Shelley was criticized for his profanity and atheism, however John Keats was judged to have ""promise"". After Wordsworth, it was Byron's poetry which was reviewed most often. The ""Eclectic"" criticized it, but heralded works"
"fine propriety of Poe,' we can hardly believe that the exquisite art which is among the most valued on our possessions could encounter so much garrulous abuse without the criminal intervention of personal malignancy."" In a review of H. D. Traill's analysis of Coleridge in the ""English Men of Letters"", an anonymous reviewer wrote in 1885 ""Westminster Review"": ""Of 'Kubla Khan,' Mr. Traill writes: 'As to the wild dream-poem 'Kubla Khan,' it is hardly more than a psychological curiosity, and only that perhaps in respect of the completeness of its metrical form.' Lovers of poetry think otherwise, and listen to"
"years after its composition, as a fragment. Anyone can accept that a writer's head should be full of projects he will never fulfil, and most writers are cautious enough not to set them down; Coleridge, rashly, did set them down, so that his very fertility has survived as evidence of infertility."" He later argued that the poem ""is probably the most original poem about poetry in English, and the first hint outside his notebooks and letters that a major critic lies hidden in the twenty-five-year-old Coleridge."" In conclusion about the poem, Watson stated, ""The triumph of 'Kubla Khan,' perhaps, lies"
"English Opium-Eater"" (1822), one of the first and most famous literary accounts of opium addiction written from the point of view of an addict, details the pleasures and dangers of the drug. In the book, it is not Ottoman, nor Chinese, addicts about whom he writes, but English opium users: ""I question whether any Turk, of all that ever entered the paradise of opium-eaters, can have had half the pleasure I had."" De Quincey writes about the great English Romantic poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), whose ""Kubla Khan"" is also widely considered to be a poem of the opium experience."
"be a sleep of opium, and Kubla Khan may be read as an early poetic description of this drug experience. The fact that the poem is generally regarded as one of Coleridge's best is one of the reasons for the continuing interest and debate about the role that opium may have played in his creative output, and in Romanticism in general. Coleridge, in his lucid moments, understood the problems with which he struggled better than most. In an 1814 letter to his friend John Morgan, Coleridge wrote about his difficulties. In some respects, Coleridge's life bears a resemblance to that"
"the Quantocks in Coleridge's poetry, and the mystical settings of both ""Osorio"" and ""Kubla Khan"" are based on his idealised version of the region. ""Kubla Khan"" was composed in the same year as ""This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison"", and both poems contained images that were used in 14 October 1797 letter to Thelwall. However, the styles are very different as one is heavily structured and rhymed while the other tries to mimic conversational speech. What they do have in common is that they use scenery based on the same location, including repeated uses of dells, rocks, ferns, and a waterfall"
"mysteriously given to the poet and dispelled irrecoverably."" Also in 1990, Thomas McFarland stated, ""Judging by the number and variety of critical effort to interpret their meaning, there may be no more palpably symbolic poems in all of English literature than ""Kubla Khan"" and ""The Ancient Mariner""."" In 1996, Rosemary Ashton claimed that the poem was ""one of the most famous poems in the language"" and claimed the Preface as ""the most famous, but probably not the most accurate, preface in literary history."" Richard Holmes, in 1998, declared the importance of the poem's Preface while describing the reception of the"
"of sublimity or majesty! The thoughts expressed in Coleridge's letter date ""Kubla Khan"" to October 1797, but two alternatives have been postulated by Coleridge's biographers: May 1798 and October 1799. These were both times he was in the area, and, by 1799, Coleridge was able to read Robert Southey's ""Thalaba the Destroyer"", a work which also drew on Purchas's work. It is possible that he merely edited the poem during those time periods, and there is little evidence to suggest that Coleridge lied about the opium-induced experience at Ash Farm. The work was set aside until 1815 when Coleridge compiled"
"Porlock is believed to have disturbed Samuel Taylor Coleridge during his composition of the oriental poem ""Kubla Khan"". Coleridge was living at Coleridge Cottage, Nether Stowey (between Bridgwater and Minehead). It is likely that this encounter took place while he was staying at Ash Farm in Culbone. It is also possible that Coleridge composed the poem at the Culbone Parsonage near to Ash Farm, now a collection of holiday cottages. Culbone Culbone (also called Kitnor) is a hamlet consisting of little more than the parish church and a few houses, in the parish of Oare in the Exmoor National Park,"
"""The way in which poetry is written is not, so far as our knowledge of these obscure matters as yet extends, any clue to its value ... The faith in mystical inspiration is responsible for the exaggerated repute of ""Kubla Khan"". The imagery of that fragment, certainly, whatever its origins in Coleridge's reading, sank to the depths of Coleridge's feeling, was saturated, transformed there ... and brought up into daylight again."" He goes on to explain, ""But it is not ""used"": the poem has not been written. A single verse is not poetry unless it is a one-verse poem; and"
"of the poem. The poem's self-proclaimed fragmentary nature combined with Coleridge's warning about the poem in the preface turns ""Kubla Khan"" into an ""anti-poem"", a work that lacks structure, order, and leaves the reader confused instead of enlightened. However, the poem has little relation to the other fragmentary poems Coleridge wrote. The Preface of ""Kubla Khan"" began by explaining that it was printed ""at the request of a poet of great and deserved celebrity, and as far as the author's own opinions are concerned, rather as a psychological curiosity, than on the ground of any supposed ""poetic"" merits"". The preface"
"Coleridge is also especially remembered for ""Kubla Khan"", ""Frost at Midnight"", ""Dejection: an Ode"", ""Christabel"", as well as the major prose work ""Biographia Literaria"". His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture. Coleridge and Wordsworth, along with Carlyle, were a major influence, through Emerson, on American transcendentalism. Among Wordsworth's most important poems, are ""Michael"", ""Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey"", ""Resolution and Independence"", """" and the long, autobiographical, epic ""The Prelude"". ""The Prelude"" was begun in 1799 but published posthumously in 1850. Wordsworth's poetry is noteworthy for"
"Beer described the complex nature of the poem: ""'Kubla Khan' the poem is not a meaningless reverie, but a poem so packed with meaning as to render detailed elucidation extremely difficult."" In responding to House, Beer claimed, ""That there is an image of energy in the fountain may be accepted: but I cannot agree that it is creative energy of the highest type."" Critics of the 1960s focused on the reputation of the poem and how it compared to Coleridge's other poems. In 1966, Virginia Radley considered Wordsworth and his sister as an important influence to Coleridge writing a great"
"in 1971, argued: ""To discuss 'Kubla Khan' as one might any other great poem would be an exercise in futility. For a century and a half its status has been unique, a masterpiece ""sui generis"", embodying interpretive problems wholly its own...It would not be excessive to say that no small part of the extraordinary fame of 'Kubla Khan' inheres in its alleged marvellous conception. Its Preface is world-famous and has been used in many studies of the creative process as a signal instance in which a poem has come to us directly from the unconscious."" In 1981, Kathleen Wheeler contrasts"
"of the Quantocks but due to ill health had ""retired to a lonely farm house between Porlock and Lynton, on the Exmoor confines of Somerset and Devonshire"". It is unclear whether the interruption took place at Culbone Parsonage or at Ash Farm. He described the incident in his first publication of the poem, writing about himself in the third person: It has been suggested by Elisabeth Schneider (in ""Coleridge, Opium and ""Kubla Khan"","" University of Chicago Press, 1953), among others, that this prologue, as well as the Person from Porlock, was fictional and intended as a credible explanation of the"
"the mind in sleep; for, whatever were the exciting cause, the fact remains the same"". T. Hall Caine, in 1883 survey of the original critical response to ""Christabel"" and ""Kubla Khan"", praised the poem and declared: ""It must surely be allowed that the adverse criticism on 'Christabel' and 'Kubla Khan' which is here quoted is outside all tolerant treatment, whether of raillery or of banter. It is difficult to attribute such false verdict to pure and absolute ignorance. Even when we make all due allowance for the prejudices of critics whose only possible enthusiasm went out to 'the pointed and"