"works was a textbook on skin diseases titled """"Lehrbuch der hautkrankheiten"""", and three papers on lupus pernio. In 1904 he provided the first description of bone cysts in sarcoidosis. Karl Kreibich (dermatologist) Karl Kreibich (20 May 1869 – 30 December 1932) was an Austrian dermatologist born in Prague. In 1894 he obtained his doctorate from the German Medical Faculty at Prague, and performed his postgraduate studies in Vienna. At Vienna he spent six years as an assistant to dermatologist Moritz Kaposi (1837-1902). In 1903 he succeeded Adolf Jarisch (1850–1902) as head of the dermatology clinic at the University of Graz,"
"examination, and becomes a board certified dermatopathologist. Dermatologists are able to recognize most skin diseases based on their appearances, anatomic distributions, and behavior. Sometimes, however, those criteria do not lead to a conclusive diagnosis, and a skin biopsy is taken to be examined under the microscope using usual histological tests. In some cases, additional specialized testing needs to be performed on biopsies, including immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and molecular-pathologic analysis. One of the greatest challenges of dermatopathology is its scope. More than 1500 different disorders of the skin exist, including cutaneous eruptions (""rashes"") and neoplasms. Therefore, dermatopathologists must"
"Dermatology Dermatology (from ancient Greek δέρμα, ""derma"" which means skin and λογία, ""logia"") is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin, nails, hair and its diseases. It is a specialty with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a doctor that treats diseases, in the widest sense, and some cosmetic problems of the skin, scalp, hair, and nails. Attested in English in 1819, the word ""dermatology"" derives from the Greek δέρματος (""dermatos""), genitive of δέρμα (""derma""), ""skin"" (itself from δέρω ""dero"", ""to flay"") and -λογία ""-logia"". Readily visible alterations of the skin surface have been recognized since the"
"eight hours to three days. The source of the pressure on the skin can happen from tight fitted clothing, belts, clothing with tough straps, walking, leaning against an object, standing, sitting on a hard surface, etc. The areas of the body most commonly affected are the hands, feet, trunk, abdomen, buttocks, legs and face. Although this appears to be very similar to dermatographism, the cardinal difference is that the swelled skin areas do not become visible quickly and tend to last much longer. This form of the skin disease is, however, rare. Cholinergic urticaria (CU) is one of the physical"
"information, he/she might consider the diagnosis of a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. It is not infrequent for two, three or more biopsies to be performed by different doctors for the same skin condition, before the correct diagnosis is made on the final biopsy. The method, depth, and quality of clinical data will all affect the yield of a skin biopsy. For this reason, doctors specializing in skin diseases are invaluable in the diagnosis of skin cancers and difficult skin diseases. Specific stains (PAS, DIF, etc.), and certain type of sectioning (vertical and horizontal) are often requested by"
"to dermatologists in distinguishing benign from malignant (cancerous) lesions, especially in the diagnosis of melanoma. A dermatoscope is composed of a transilluminating light source and a magnifying optic (usually a 10-fold magnification). There are three main modes of dermoscopy: Polarized light allows for visualization of deeper skin structures, while non-polarized light provide information about the superficial skin. Most modern dermatoscopes allow the user to toggle between the two modes, which provide complementary information. With doctors who are experts in the specific field of dermoscopy, the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma is significantly better than for those dermatologists who do not have"
"histological images. Great emphasis is placed on dermatological condition in pediatric patients. DermAtlas DermAtlas is an open access web site devoted to dermatology that is hosted by Johns Hopkins University's Dr. Bernard A. Cohen and Dr. Christoph U. Lehmann. Its goal is to build a large high quality dermatologic atlas, a database of images of skin conditions, and it encourages its users to submit their dermatology images and links for inclusion. It is edited in a collaborative fashion by physicians around the globe and includes an online Dermatology Quiz, that allows any one to test their dermatology knowledge. The database"
"efficacy, skin self-examination is frequently recommended for preventing melanoma (by identifying atypical moles that can be removed) or for early detection of existing tumors. Examination by a dermatologist has been shown to be beneficial for early melanoma detection. Some dermatologists recommend that an individual with either histologic diagnosis of dysplastic nevus, or clinically apparent atypical moles should be examined by an experienced dermatologist with dermatoscopy once a year (or more frequently). The abbreviation ABCDE has been useful for helping health care providers and laypersons remember the key characteristics of a melanoma (see ""ABCDE"" mnemonic below). Changes (in shape, size, color,"
"including both benign masses, and malignant cancers- such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and most dangerously, malignant melanoma). Non-cancerous conditions include vitiligo, impetigo, purpura, pruritus, spider veins, warts, moles, oral or genital herpes, chancre sores of syphilis, exposure to poison ivy and similar plants or other venom sources, rashes, cysts, abscesses, corns, and dermabrasions or cases dealing with wrinkles, peeling skin, or autoimmune attacks on the skin. Therefore, dermatopathologists must maintain a broad base of knowledge in clinical dermatology, and be familiar with several other specialty areas in Medicine. Certification in dermatopathology in the United States and several"
"skin defect. When picking one may feel a sense of relief or satisfaction. The region most commonly picked is the face, but other frequent locations include the arms, legs, back, gums, neck, shoulders, scalp, abdomen, chest, and extremities such as the fingernails, cuticles, and toenails. Most patients with excoriation disorder report having a primary area of the body that they focus their picking on, but they will often move to other areas of the body to allow their primary picking area to heal. Individuals with excoriation disorder vary in their picking behaviour; some do it briefly multiple times a day"
"and is able to apply for a consultant hospital post as a consultant dermatologist. Dermatologists have been leaders in the field of cosmetic surgery. Some dermatologists complete fellowships in surgical dermatology. Many are trained in their residency on the use of botulinum toxin, fillers, and laser surgery. Some dermatologists perform cosmetic procedures including liposuction, blepharoplasty, and face lifts. Most dermatologists limit their cosmetic practice to minimally invasive procedures. Despite an absence of formal guidelines from the American Board of Dermatology, many cosmetic fellowships are offered in both surgery and laser medicine. A dermatolopathologist is a pathologist or dermatologist who specializes"
"DermAtlas DermAtlas is an open access web site devoted to dermatology that is hosted by Johns Hopkins University's Dr. Bernard A. Cohen and Dr. Christoph U. Lehmann. Its goal is to build a large high quality dermatologic atlas, a database of images of skin conditions, and it encourages its users to submit their dermatology images and links for inclusion. It is edited in a collaborative fashion by physicians around the globe and includes an online Dermatology Quiz, that allows any one to test their dermatology knowledge. The database currently includes over 10,500 images and consists of both clinical images and"
"is at the interface of cosmetics, and dermatology, a traditional medical discipline; there is some overlap with each of these topics. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines cosmetics as products intended to cleanse or beautify (for instance, shampoos and lipstick). A separate category exists for medications, which are intended to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease, or to affect the structure or function of the body (for instance, sunscreens and acne creams), although some products, such as moisturizing sunscreens and anti-dandruff shampoos, are regulated within both categories. Skin care differs from dermatology, as traditionally practiced, by its"
"in the pathology of the skin. This field is shared by dermatologists and pathologists. Usually a dermatologist or pathologist will complete one year of dermatopathology fellowship. This usually includes six months of general pathology, and six months of dermatopathology. Alumni of both specialties can qualify as dermatopathologists. At the completion of a standard residency in dermatology, many dermatologists are also competent at dermatopathology. Some dermatopathologists qualify to sit for their examinations by completing a residency in dermatology and one in pathology. This field specializes in the treatment of immune-mediated skin diseases such as lupus, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and other"
"Whereas vanity involves a quest to aggrandize the appearance, BDD is experienced as a quest to merely normalize the appearance. Although delusional in about one of three cases, the appearance concern is usually nondelusional, an overvalued idea. The bodily area of focus can be nearly any, yet is commonly face, hair, stomach, thighs, or hips. Some half dozen areas can be a roughly simultaneous focus. Many seek dermatological treatment or cosmetic surgery, which typically do not resolve the distress. On the other hand, attempts at self-treatment, as by skin picking, can create lesions where none previously existed. BDD shares features"
"skin disease, immunologic diseases of the skin and pathology of the skin. Dermatologists play an important role in the maintenance of the general public health in educating people about sun avoidance, sun protection and the signs of skin cancer. The American Board of Dermatology and Syphilology was incorporated in 1932 in order to set standards in the field of dermatology and to assure the adequate training and experience of those physicians wishing to call themselves dermatologists. Evaluation of the skin was instrumental in the diagnosis of syphilis before serologic studies became available. In 1955, the name was changed to the"
"diameter, with a dimpled center. Molluscum lesions are most commonly found on the face, arms, legs, torso, and armpits in children. Adults typically have molluscum lesions in the genital region and this is considered to be a sexually transmitted infection; because of this, if genital lesions are found on a child, sexual abuse should be suspected. These lesions are generally not painful, but they may itch or become irritated. Picking or scratching the bumps may lead to a spread of the viral infection responsible for molluscum contagiosum, an additional bacterial infection, and scarring. In about 10% of the cases, eczema"
"and eczema; even in patients after ductal carcinoma in situ surgery. Eczema tends to affect the areola first, and then the nipple, whereas Paget's spreads from the nipple. During a physical examination, the doctor examines the unusual areas of the breast, especially the appearance of the skin on and around the nipples and feeling for any lumps or areas of thickening. The most common test used to diagnose Paget's disease is the biopsy, removal of a tissue sample from the affected area which is then examined under the microscope by a pathologist, who distinguishes Paget cells from other cell types"
"""hypoallergenic"" and ""doctor tested"" are not regulated, and no research has been done showing that products labeled ""hypoallergenic"" are less problematic than any others. A number of monoclonal antibodies are being studied as treatments including dupilumab. Dermatitis Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin. These diseases are characterized by itchiness, red skin and a rash. In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to the entire body. Dermatitis is a"
"lesion is clearly separated from normal skin in most cases, and sometimes scattered areas of white scale can be present, giving a ""strawberries and cream"" appearance. Involvement may be extensive including the perianal region, genitocrural, and inguinal folds. Clinical examination should determine the presence of periurethral and perianal lesions. In these cases an involvement of the skin by a noncutaneous internal neoplasm may occur. Due to the rarity of EMPD and lack of clinical knowledge, the disease is not very commonly diagnosed. Patients are often misdiagnosed with eczema or dermatitis and a delay of 2 years is expected from the"
"differ in microscopic appearance. Functionally, the subcutaneous fat insulates the body, absorbs trauma, and serves as a reserve energy source. Diseases of the skin include skin infections and skin neoplasms (including skin cancer). In 1572, Geronimo Mercuriali of Forlì, Italy, completed ""De morbis cutaneis"" (translated ""On the diseases of the skin""). It is considered the first scientific work dedicated to dermatology. The physical examination of the skin and its appendages, as well as the mucous membranes, forms the cornerstone of an accurate diagnosis of cutaneous conditions. Most of these conditions present with cutaneous surface changes termed ""lesions,"" which have more"
"dermatoscope must be used to detect ""ugly ducklings"", as many melanomas in these individuals resemble non-melanomas or are considered to be ""wolves in sheep clothing"". These fair skinned individuals often have lightly pigmented or amelanotic melanomas which will not present easy-to-observe color changes and variation in colors. The borders of these amelanotic melanomas are often indistinct, making visual identification without a dermatoscope very difficult. People with a personal or family history of skin cancer or of dysplastic nevus syndrome (multiple atypical moles) should see a dermatologist at least once a year to be sure they are not developing melanoma. First,"
"dermis of the skin of the face. The lesions are typically between 2–6mm and are slow-growing. On the face, the lesions can be found on the eyelid, nose and in the oral mucosa, however, the lesions can also occur on the shoulder, arm, hand, foot and the glans of the penis. PEN is diagnosed by clinical recognition of the lesion and on subsequent histologic examination. Typically, the lesions are suspected to be schwannomas or neurofibromas clinically with PEN being an incidental finding on histology. PEN is typically diagnosed in patients between the ages of 40 and 60 years and occurs"
"yellow). The diagnosis of many conditions often also requires a skin biopsy which yields histologic information that can be correlated with the clinical presentation and any laboratory data. The introduction of cutaneous ultrasound has allowed the detection of cutaneous tumors, inflammatory processes, nail disorders and hair diseases. The skin weighs an average of , covers an area of , and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the ""palmoplantar"" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin."
"adjacent to the lips, also called the vermillion border, is spared and looks normal. There may be some mild background redness and occasional scale. These areas of skin are felt to be drier and therefore there is a tendency to moisturise them more frequently. Hence, they do not tolerate drying agents well and the rash can be worsened by them. Perioral dermatitis is also known by other names including rosacea-like dermatoses, periorofacial dermatitis and periorificial dermatitis. Unlike rosacea which involves mainly the nose and cheeks, there is no telangiectasia in perioral dermatitis. Rosacea also has a tendency to be present"
"Atopic dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a type of inflammation of the skin (dermatitis). It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which often thicken over time. While the condition may occur at any age, it typically starts in childhood with changing severity over the years. In children under one year of age much of the body may be affected. As children get older, the back of the knees and front of the elbows are the most common areas affected. In adults the hands and feet"
"practices for the treatment of cosmetic skin conditions (such as psoriasis, acne, eczema and vitiligo) and in indoor tanning salons for cosmetic tanning. At least 88 percent of dermatologists recommend the usage of tanning equipment or salon tanning for clients to inexpensively self-treat skin conditions as a convenient alternative for clients in rural locations, as well as naturally occurring exposures including ultraviolet light from the sun. Typical treatment regimens involve short exposure to UVB rays 3 to 5 times a week at a hospital or clinic, and repeated sessions may be required before results are noticeable. Almost all of the"
"and thermoreceptors that provide the sense of heat. In addition, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, lymphatic vessels and blood vessels are present in the dermis. Those blood vessels provide nourishment and waste removal for both dermal and epidermal cells. The dermis is composed of three major types of cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes. Apart from these cells, the dermis is also composed of matrix components such as collagen (which provides strength), elastin (which provides elasticity), and extrafibrillar matrix, an extracellular gel-like substance primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans (most notably hyaluronan), proteoglycans, and glycoproteins. The papillary dermis is the"
"has launched the Human Microbiome Project to characterize the human microbiota which includes that on the skin and the role of this microbiome in health and disease. Microorganisms like ""Staphylococcus epidermidis"" colonize the skin surface. The density of skin flora depends on region of the skin. The disinfected skin surface gets recolonized from bacteria residing in the deeper areas of the hair follicle, gut and urogenital openings. Diseases of the skin include skin infections and skin neoplasms (including skin cancer). Dermatology is the branch of medicine that deals with conditions of the skin. The skin supports its own ecosystems of"
"the upper chest, neck, elbow creases, under the breasts and under the scrotum. Other areas include skin folds, areas of the body that may rub against clothing, such as the back, chest, and stomach, etc. A related and sometimes simultaneous condition is folliculitis, where hair follicles become plugged with foreign matter, resulting in inflammation. The symptoms relating to miliaria should not be confused with shingles as they can be very similar. Shingles will restrict itself to one side of the body but also has a rash-like appearance. It is also accompanied by a prickling sensation and pain throughout the region."
"lives. 49 different ways were identified, and these were used as the basis of the questions of the DLQI. The DLQI was first presented at the British Association of Dermatologists annual meeting in July 1993 and described in an article published in 1994 in ""Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"". This article has become one of the most frequently cited articles in clinical dermatology. The DLQI is the most frequently used method for evaluating quality of life for patients with different skin conditions. There are 10 questions, covering the following topics: symptoms, embarrassment, shopping and home care, clothes, social and leisure, sport,"
"the need so arises. There are two important layers to the human skin: (1) the Epidermis and (2) the Dermis. For transdermal delivery, drugs must pass through the two sublayers of the epidermis to reach the microcirculation of the dermis. The Stratum corneum is the top layer of the skin and varies in thickness from approximately ten to several hundred micrometres, depending on the region of the body. It is composed of layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes surrounded by a lipid matrix, which together act as a brick-and-mortar system that is difficult to penetrate. The stratum corneum provides the most"
"skin other than the face. The cause of CGPD is unknown. The approach to diagnosing CGPD is controversial. Certain dermatologists suggest that ruling out infectious and allergic causes of similar skin eruptions and a skin biopsy demonstrating features consistent with CGPD is adequate for diagnosis. In contrast, other dermatologists advocate for performing a complete history and physical examination and obtaining laboratories and appropriate imaging to rule out cutaneous sarcoidosis. On microscopy, non-tuberculous granulomas with surrounding lymphocytes clustered around hair follicles may be seen; additionally, infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells may also be seen. Several conditions exhibit skin"