"century, highly reputed Muslim Abdul-Qadir Gilani, who is the founder of Qadri silsila, which has the most followers in Muslim Sufism, elaborated Sufism, tasawwuf and faqr. In the 13th century, Ibn Arabi was the first vibrant Muslim scholar who not only started this discussion publicly but also wrote hundreds of books about Sufism, tasawwuf and faqr. In English, ""faqir"" or ""fakir"" originally meant a mendicant dervish. In mystical usage, the word ""fakir"" refers to man's spiritual need for God, who alone is self-sufficient. Although of Muslim origin, the term has come to be applied in India to Hindus as well,"
"Mohammedan Mohammedan (also spelled ""Muhammadan"", ""Mahommedan"", ""Mahomedan"" or ""Mahometan"") is a term for a follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is used as both a noun and an adjective, meaning belonging or relating to, either Muhammad or the religion, doctrines, institutions and practices that he established. The word was formerly common in usage, but the terms Muslim and Islamic are more common today. Though sometimes used stylistically by some Muslims, a vast majority consider the term a misnomer. The Oxford English Dictionary cites 1663 as the first recorded usage of the English term; the older spelling ""Mahometan"" dates back"
"Mu'mina Muʾmin () is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, that literally means ""believer"", and denotes a person who has complete submission to the Will of Allah and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e. a ""faithful Muslim"". The term(Mu'mina) مومينه is used to identify a female that has a higher degree of faith in Islam. The Quran states: This verse addresses the believers, exhorting them to believe, implying multiple stages of belief. In Islamic theology, there exists a significant difference between a Muslim and a Mu'min. A Muslim is a person who has come under"
"""submission"" or ""surrender"". ""Muslim"", the word for an adherent of Islam, is the active participle of the same verb form, and means ""submitter"" or ""one who surrenders"". The word sometimes has distinct connotations in its various occurrences in the Quran. In some verses, there is stress on the quality of Islam as an internal spiritual state: ""Whomsoever God desires to guide, He opens his heart to Islam."" Other verses connect Islam and religion (""dīn"") together: ""Today, I have perfected your religion (""dīn"") for you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your religion."" Still others"
"Mumin Mumin or Momin ( ""mū‘min""; feminine مؤمنة ""mū‘mina"") is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning ""believer"". It denotes a person who has complete submission to the Will of Allah and has faith firmly established in his heart, i.e. a ""faithful Muslim"". Also, it is used as a name and one of the names of God in Islam. The Quran states: (An-Nisa ) O you who believe! Believe in Allah, and His Messenger (Muhammad), and the Book (the Quran) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He sent down to those"
"Marabout A marabout () is a Muslim religious leader and teacher in West Africa, and (historically) in the Maghreb. The marabout is often a scholar of the Qur'an, or religious teacher. Others may be wandering holy men who survive on alms, Sufi Murshids (""Guides""), or leaders of religious communities. A similar term, marbot, is used in Indonesia for an administrator of the mosque/mosque premises. The term Marabout appears during the Muslim conquest of North Africa. It is derived from the Arabic word """"Mourabit"""" or """"mrabet"""" (""one who is garrisoned""): religious students and military volunteers who manned the Ribats at the"
"Monk A monk (, from , ""monachos"", ""single, solitary"" via Latin ""monachus"") is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decides to dedicate his life to serving all other living beings, or to be an ascetic who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live his or her life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many religions and in philosophy. In the Greek language the term can apply to women, but in modern English it"
"Mullah Mullah (; , , / ""Mollâ"", , ) is derived from the Arabic word ""mawlā"", meaning ""vicar"", ""master"" and ""guardian"". However, used ambiguously in the Quran, some publishers have described its usage as a religious title as inappropriate. The term is sometimes applied to a Muslim man or woman, educated in Islamic theology and sacred law. In large parts of the Muslim world, particularly Iran, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Eastern Arabia, Turkey and the Balkans, Central Asia, the Horn of Africa and South Asia, it is the name commonly given to local Islamic clerics or mosque leaders. The title has"
"before (him), and whosoever disbelieves in Allah, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has strayed far away. This verse addresses the believers, exhorting them to believe, implying multiple stages of belief. The term Mu'min is the preferred term used in the Qur'an to describe monotheistic believers. The following verse makes a distinction between a Muslim and a believer: (Al-Hujurat ) ""The Arabs of the desert say, ""We believe."" (tu/minoo) Say thou: Ye believe not; but rather say, ""We profess Islam;"" (aslamna) for the faith (al-imanu) hath not yet found its way into your"
"Mulhid Mulhid ( ', plural ' and """") is an Islamic religious term meaning apostate, heretic, or atheist. In pre-Islamic times the term was used in the literal sense of the root ""l-ḥ-d"": ""incline, deviate"". Its religious meaning is based on the Quranic verses 7:180, 22:25, and 41:40. Under the Umayyad caliphate it denoted desertion of the ummah and rebellion against legitimate caliphs. Early in the Abbasid era rationalistic theologians began using it in the sense of ""heretic"", and it eventually came to refer to rejection of religion as such, to materialistic scepticism and atheism. In Ottoman usage the term"
"Catholic Church, followers of Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Dominic became known as mendicants, as they would beg for food while they preached to the villages. While mendicants are the original type of monks in Buddhism and have a long history in Indian Hinduism and the countries which adapted Indian religious traditions, they didn't become widespread in Christianity until the High Middle Ages. ""The Way of a Pilgrim"" depicts the life of an Eastern Christian mendicant. Mendicant A mendicant (from , ""begging"") is one who practices mendicancy (begging) and relies chiefly or exclusively on charitable donations to survive. In"
"was originally used to describe the holder of the diploma issued by the Great Mosque of Tunis It also has the meanings of a volunteer, or an unsalaried trainee. In the past (tens of years ago), this word was used for the man who used to teach children the Qur'an, when there were no schools in the region. Matowa Muṭawwaʿ (مطوّع) (plural muṭawwaʿūn (مطوّعون)) is a word that is used to describe a religious Muslim man. This word is used in Gulf countries in the Middle East (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Kingdom of Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, &"
"Matowa Muṭawwaʿ (مطوّع) (plural muṭawwaʿūn (مطوّعون)) is a word that is used to describe a religious Muslim man. This word is used in Gulf countries in the Middle East (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Kingdom of Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, & Sultanate of Oman), but it may also be used in Yemen, since Yemen and Gulf countries have a lot of cultural similarities. The term was also in use in Tunisia to refer to a holder of a diploma from a religious institution (see below). The term has also been coopted by self-styled ""religious police"" (see Muṭawwaʿūn). The term"
"be used to refer to those who physically, mentally or economically serve in the way of God. Da‘wah (""invitation"") means the proselytizing or preaching of Islam. Da‘wah literally means ""issuing a summon"" or ""making an invitation,"" being an active participle of a verb meaning variously ""to summon"" or ""to invite."" A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a dā‘ī (داعي plural du‘āh, gen: du‘āt دعاة). A dā‘ī is thus a person who invites people to understand Islam through dialogue, not unlike the Islamic equivalent of a missionary inviting people"
"Wali Walī (, plural ) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include ""custodian"", ""protector"", ""helper"", and ""friend"". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by the more literal ""friend of God"". In the traditional Islamic understanding of saints, the saint is portrayed as someone ""marked by [special] divine favor ... [and] holiness"", and who is specifically ""chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles"". The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular"
"Wali Walī (, plural ) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include ""custodian"", ""protector"", ""helper"", and ""friend"". In the vernacular, it is most commonly used by Muslims to indicate an Islamic saint, otherwise referred to by the more literal ""friend of God"". In the traditional Islamic understanding of saints, the saint is portrayed as someone ""marked by [special] divine favor ... [and] holiness"", and who is specifically ""chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles"". The doctrine of saints was articulated by Islamic scholars very early on in Muslim history, and particular"
"Muslim A Muslim () is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran, their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad (""sunnah"") as recorded in traditional accounts (""hadith""). ""Muslim"" is an Arabic word meaning ""submitter"" (to God). The beliefs of Muslims include: that God ( """") is eternal, transcendent and absolutely one (""tawhid""); that God is incomparable, self-sustaining and neither begets nor was begotten; that Islam is the complete and universal"
"over multiple locations. Members of religious communities may be known as monks or nuns, particularly in those communities which require their members to live permanently in one location; they may be known as friars or sisters, a term used particularly (though not exclusively) by religious orders whose members are more active in the wider community, often living in smaller groups. Amongst the friars and sisters the term mendicant is sometimes applied to orders whose members are geographically mobile, frequently moving between different small community houses. Brother and Sister are common forms of address across all the communities. The titles Father"
"Fakir A fakir, or faqir (; (noun of faqr)), derived from ""faqr"" (, ""poverty"") is a Sufi Muslim ascetic who has taken vows of poverty and worship, renouncing all relations and possessions. Fakirs are prevalent in the Middle East and South Asia. A fakir is thought to be self-sufficient and only possesses the spiritual need for God. Faqirs are characterized by their attachment to ""dhikr"" (a practice of repeating the names of God, often performed after prayers). Sufism gained adherents among a number of Muslims as a reaction against the worldliness of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE). Though, Sufis"
"Malaun Malaun () is term for a Bengali Hindu, most commonly used in Bangladesh. The word is derived from the Arabic ""ملعون"", meaning 'accursed' or 'deprived of God's Mercy', and in modern times, it is used as an ethnic slur by the Muslims in Bengal for Hindus. Political leaders from religious parties frequently abuse the Hindus as Malauns during the election rallies. The Arabic word ""ملعون"" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root ""لعنة"" (la'nat) meaning 'curse'. In Islamic parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like"
"and is therefore to be regarded as an apostate and an infidel. The jurists differ as to the theoretical formulation of the point of exclusion, but in fact usually adopt the practical criterion of open rebellion."" In modern times, the term ""zindiq"" is occasionally used to denote members of religions, sects or cults that originated in a Muslim society but are considered heretical or independent faiths by mainstream Muslims. In this sense, a ""zindiq"" is perceived to be incorrigibly disloyal to the tenets of Islam. Zindīq Zindīq is a medieval Islamic term applied by Muslims to individuals who are considered"
"was commonly used in reference to Shia and certain Sufi doctrines that were considered to be subversive. Mulhid Mulhid ( ', plural ' and """") is an Islamic religious term meaning apostate, heretic, or atheist. In pre-Islamic times the term was used in the literal sense of the root ""l-ḥ-d"": ""incline, deviate"". Its religious meaning is based on the Quranic verses 7:180, 22:25, and 41:40. Under the Umayyad caliphate it denoted desertion of the ummah and rebellion against legitimate caliphs. Early in the Abbasid era rationalistic theologians began using it in the sense of ""heretic"", and it eventually came to"
"hearts. But if ye obey God and His Apostle, He will not allow you to lose any of your actions, for God is Forgiving, Merciful. In South Asia, the Muslim converts from Lohana tribe adopted the name ""Mumin"" pronounced as Memon (or Momin) as their community name . The Memon people, a collection of ethnic groups from the north western part of the South Asia are located in Sindh province in Pakistan and neighboring Gujarat state in India. Mumin Mumin or Momin ( ""mū‘min""; feminine مؤمنة ""mū‘mina"") is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning ""believer"". It"
"Zindīq Zindīq is a medieval Islamic term applied by Muslims to individuals who are considered to hold views or follow practices that are contrary to central Islamic dogmas. The Arabic ""zindīq"" is a loan word from pre-Islamic Middle Persian 𐭦𐭭𐭣𐭩𐭪 ""zandik"", a Zoroastrian term of uncertain etymology and meaning (for a discussion of the term in a pre-Islamic context, see ""zandik""). Under the 8th-century Abbasids, Arabic ""zindīq"" and the adjectival ""zandaqa"" could ""denote many different things, though it seems primarily (or at least initially) to have signified a follower of Manichaeism."" However, many of those persecuted for ""zandaqa"" under the"
"Dawah ""Da‘wah"" literally means ""issuing a summons"" or ""making an invitation"". Grammatically, the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root ""d-ʕ-w"" meaning variously ""to summon"" or ""to invite"" . A Muslim who practices ""da‘wah"", either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a ' (, plural '/"""" ). A ""dā‘ī"", as a person who invites people to understand Islam through dialogue, may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith, prayer and manner of Islamic life. The term ""da'wah"" has other senses in the Qur'an. In ""sura"" (chapter) 30:25,"
"Islam based on the hadith and examples from the life of the prophet. It has adapted institutions such as the Boy Scouts to Islamic ends as the Gerakan Pramuka Indonesia. Mohammedan Mohammedan (also spelled ""Muhammadan"", ""Mahommedan"", ""Mahomedan"" or ""Mahometan"") is a term for a follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is used as both a noun and an adjective, meaning belonging or relating to, either Muhammad or the religion, doctrines, institutions and practices that he established. The word was formerly common in usage, but the terms Muslim and Islamic are more common today. Though sometimes used stylistically by some"
"Mujaddid A mujaddid (), is an Islamic term for one who brings ""renewal"" ( ""tajdid"") to the religion. According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. The concept is based not on the Quran but on a ""hadith"" (a saying of Islamic prophet Muhammad), recorded by Abu Dawood, Abu Hurairah narrated that Muhammad said: ""Mujaddids"" tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are"
"Muslim to accuse or describe another devout Muslim of being an unbeliever, based on the hadith where Muhammad is reported to have said: ""If a man says to his brother, 'You are an infidel,' then one of them is right."" Regarding Muslim converts to Christianity, Duane Alexander Miller (2016) identified two different categories: Miller introduced the term 'Muslim-background believers' (MBBs) to encompass both groups, adding that the latter group are generally regarded as apostates from Islam, but orthodox Muslims' opinions on the former group is more mixed (either that 'Muslim followers of Jesus' are 'heterodox Muslims', 'heretical Muslims' or 'crypto-Christian"
"Ziyarat In Islam, ziyara(h) ( ""ziyārah"", ""visit"") or ziyarat (, ""ziyārat"", ""pilgrimage"") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī‘ī Imāms), his companions and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufi auliya, and Islamic scholars. Sites of pilgrimage include mosques, graves, battlefields, mountains, and caves. ""Ziyārat"" can also refer to a form of supplication made by the Shia, in which they send salutations and greetings to Muhammad and his family. ""Ziyarat"" comes from ""to visit"". In Islam it refers to pious visitation, pilgrimage to a holy place,"
"Amir al-Mu'minin Amir al-Mu'minin () is an Arabic title that is usually translated ""Commander of the Faithful"" or ""Leader of the Faithful"". Shias hold that the title is exclusive to Ali; though Sunnis maintain the caliph at any point in time is the bearer of the title. The use of the title does not necessarily signify a claim to caliphate as it is usually taken to be, but described a certain form of activist leadership which may have been attached to a caliph but also could signify a level of authority beneath that. The Ottoman sultans, in particular, made scant"
"also been used in some Sephardic Jewish communities to refer to the community's leadership, especially religious leadership. The term ""mullah"" is primarily understood in the Muslim world as a term of respect for an educated religious man. Ideally, a trained mullah will have studied Islamic traditions (hadith), and Islamic law (fiqh). Such figures often have memorized the Qur'an. Uneducated villagers may frequently classify a literate Muslim with a less than complete Islamic training as their ""mullah"" or religious cleric. Mullahs with varying levels of training lead prayers in mosques, deliver religious sermons, and perform religious ceremonies such as birth rites"
"Termagant Termagant or Tervagant was the name given to a god which Christians believed Muslims worshipped. The word is also used in modern English to mean a violent, overbearing, turbulent, brawling, quarrelsome woman; a virago, shrew, vixen. In the past, the word could be applied to any person or thing personified, not just a woman. European literature from the Middle Ages often referred to Muslims as pagans, with sobriquets such as ""the paynim foe"". These depictions represent Muslims worshipping Muhammad as a god along with various deities in the form of idols (cult images), ranging from Apollyon to Lucifer, but"
"regress) or ""ridda"" in Islamic literature; an apostate is called ""murtadd"", which means 'one who turns back' from Islam. According to some, someone born to a Muslim parent or one who has previously converted to Islam becomes a ""murtadd"" if he or she verbally denies any principle of belief prescribed by Qur'an or a Hadith, deviates from approved Islamic tenets (""ilhad""), or if he or she commits a blasphemy such as treating a copy of the Qurʾan with disrespect. A person born to a Muslim parent who later rejects Islam is called a ""murtad fitri"", and a person who converted"