"The Rape of Proserpina The Rape of Proserpina () is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. Bernini was only twenty-three years old at its completion. It depicts the Abduction of Proserpina, where Proserpina is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Pluto. As with many of Bernini's early works, it was commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, possibly alongside a portrait of Scipione's uncle Pope Paul V (who had died in 1621). Bernini received at least three payments for the statue, of value of at least 450 Roman"
"Orcus Orcus () was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself. In the later tradition, he was conflated with Dis Pater. Orcus was portrayed in paintings in Etruscan tombs as a hairy, bearded giant. A temple to Orcus may have existed on the Palatine Hill in Rome. It is likely that he was transliterated from the Greek daemon Horkos, the personification of Oaths and a son of Eris. The origins of Orcus may have lain in Etruscan religion."
"Dīs Pater Dīs Pater (pronounced ) was a Roman god of the underworld. Dis was originally associated with fertile agricultural land and mineral wealth, and since those minerals came from underground, he was later equated with the chthonic deities Pluto (Hades) and Orcus. ""Dīs Pater"" was commonly shortened to simply Dīs and this name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or a part of the underworld, such as the City of Dis of Dante's ""The Divine Comedy"", which comprises Lower Hell. It is often thought that Dīs Pater was also a Celtic god. This confusion arises from"
"because Pluto and 90482 Orcus are both plutinos. Orcus Orcus () was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself. In the later tradition, he was conflated with Dis Pater. Orcus was portrayed in paintings in Etruscan tombs as a hairy, bearded giant. A temple to Orcus may have existed on the Palatine Hill in Rome. It is likely that he was transliterated from the Greek daemon Horkos, the personification of Oaths and a son of Eris. The origins"
"was located next to his. Soranus (mythology) Soranus was an Etruscan, Faliscan, Capenate and Sabine god adopted into ancient Roman religion. He was worshipped on Mt. Soracte in Lazio. The area was sacred to underworld gods, such as Dis Pater. The worshippers of Apollo Soranus, after his cult had been subsumed by Apollo, were called ""Hirpi Sorani"" (""wolves of Soranus"", from Sabine ""hirpus"" ""wolf""). They were firewalkers and carried about the entrails of sacrifices during ceremonies. Soranus was identified with Dis, the Roman god of the underworld, or with Apollo, a Greek god adopted by the Romans, and had a"
"Soranus (mythology) Soranus was an Etruscan, Faliscan, Capenate and Sabine god adopted into ancient Roman religion. He was worshipped on Mt. Soracte in Lazio. The area was sacred to underworld gods, such as Dis Pater. The worshippers of Apollo Soranus, after his cult had been subsumed by Apollo, were called ""Hirpi Sorani"" (""wolves of Soranus"", from Sabine ""hirpus"" ""wolf""). They were firewalkers and carried about the entrails of sacrifices during ceremonies. Soranus was identified with Dis, the Roman god of the underworld, or with Apollo, a Greek god adopted by the Romans, and had a female partner, Feronia, whose sanctuary"
"Heini-iki In the Ob-Ugrian mythology, Heini-iki, also referred to as Kul-iki, is the god of the Underworld and of the spirits of sickness. He is opposite in nature to his brother Numi-Torum, the heavenly god. He can appear in the shape of a dog or cat, or sometimes as a fog that hides a person from their guardian spirit. The Khanties of the Surgut area described him as black in color. Animal sacrifices to him were also to be black in color. These sacrifices were to prevent illness among the people. His name was not to be spoken, especially in"
"the dead in ancient Roman belief and called ""man(im)"" by the Etruscans. Mantus In Etruscan myth and religion, Mantus was a god of the underworld in the Po Valley, as described by Servius. A dedication to the god ""manθ"" from the Archaic period was found in a sanctuary at Pontecagnano. His name is thought to be the origin of ""Mantua"" (Italian ""Mantova"", the birthplace of Virgil). Elsewhere in Etruria, the god was called Śuri, probably to be identified with Soranus, a Sabine deity associated with the underworld. The consort of Mantus was Mania. The names of this divine couple indicate"
"the Sabine god Soranus. In southern Germany and the Balkans, Dīs Pater had a Celtic goddess, Aericura, as a consort. Dīs Pater was rarely associated with foreign deities in the shortened form of his name, ""Dis"". Dīs Pater Dīs Pater (pronounced ) was a Roman god of the underworld. Dis was originally associated with fertile agricultural land and mineral wealth, and since those minerals came from underground, he was later equated with the chthonic deities Pluto (Hades) and Orcus. ""Dīs Pater"" was commonly shortened to simply Dīs and this name has since become an alternative name for the underworld or"
"the same entity. Februus In ancient Roman religion, Februus, whose name means ""purifier"", was the god of purification. He was also worshipped under the same name by the Etruscans as the god of purification, and also the underworld. For the Etruscans, Februus was also the god of riches (money/gold) and death, both connected to the underworld in the same natural manner as with the better-known Roman god Pluto. Februus may have become the Roman Febris, goddess of fever (""febris"" in Latin means fever) and malaria. These are possibly connected with the sweating of fevers, which was considered a purgative, washing,"
"Mantus In Etruscan myth and religion, Mantus was a god of the underworld in the Po Valley, as described by Servius. A dedication to the god ""manθ"" from the Archaic period was found in a sanctuary at Pontecagnano. His name is thought to be the origin of ""Mantua"" (Italian ""Mantova"", the birthplace of Virgil). Elsewhere in Etruria, the god was called Śuri, probably to be identified with Soranus, a Sabine deity associated with the underworld. The consort of Mantus was Mania. The names of this divine couple indicate that they were connected to the Manes, chthonic divinities or spirits of"
"held for them as representative of the underworld gods' inhumane and horrifying nature. To Prudentius, the other Roman gods were merely false, easily explained as euhemerized mortals, but an act of devotion to the ""di inferi"" constituted devil worship, because Christians assimilated the ""di inferi"" to their beliefs pertaining to Hell and the figure variously known as the Devil, Satan, or Lucifer. The following list includes deities who were thought to dwell in the underworld, or whose functions mark them as primarily or significantly chthonic or concerned with death. They typically receive nocturnal sacrifices, or dark-colored animals as offerings. Other"
"Neptune (mythology) Neptune ( ) was the god of freshwater and the sea in Roman religion. He is the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-influenced tradition, Neptune was the brother of Jupiter and Pluto; the brothers presided over the realms of Heaven, the earthly world, and the Underworld. Salacia was his wife. Depictions of Neptune in Roman mosaics, especially those of North Africa, are influenced by Hellenistic conventions. Neptune was likely associated with fresh water springs before the sea. Like Poseidon, Neptune was worshipped by the Romans also as a god of horses, under the name ""Neptunus"
"Roman god of the underworld's traditional Latin name, Dis. Venus, in order to bring love to Pluto, sent her son Amor (also known as Cupid) to hit Pluto with one of his arrows. Proserpina was in Sicily, at the Pergusa Lake near Enna, where she was playing with some nymphs and collecting flowers, when Pluto came out from the volcano Etna with four black horses named Orphnaeus, Aethon, Nycteus and Alastor. He abducted her in order to marry her and live with her in the underworld of which he was the ruler. Her mother Ceres, also known as Demeter, the"
"fera vota)"", where fallen gladiators were human sacrifices to Dis and Charon received their souls as his payment, to the delight of the underworld Jove ""(Iovis infernalis)"". Medieval mythographies, written in Latin, continue the conflation of Greek and Roman deities begun by the ancient Roman themselves. Perhaps because the name Pluto was used in both traditions, it appears widely in these Latin sources for the classical ruler of the underworld, who is also seen as the double, ally, or adjunct to the figure in Christian mythology known variously as the Devil, Satan, or Lucifer. The classical underworld deities became casually"
"(especially her eye) bears the influence of Hellenistic art. Unlike the Mona Lisa, however, she is noted for her grimace or sneer. The Tomb of Orcus II (sometimes distinguished as ""the"" Tomb of Orcus) was constructed around 325 BC. Its entrance is guarded by paintings of ""Charun"" (Charon), the keeper of the underworld, and a cyclops (possibly Polyphemus or Geryon). When the tomb was originally discovered, the cyclops was mistaken for the Roman god of the underworld, Orcus (hence the tomb's name). The back wall depicts a funeral procession overseen by ""Aita"" (Hades), the Etruscan god of the underworld, and"
"whose individual identities are obscure. Di inferi The di inferi or dii inferi (Latin, ""the gods below"") were a shadowy collective of ancient Roman deities associated with death and the underworld. The epithet ""inferi"" is also given to the mysterious Manes, a collective of ancestral spirits. The most likely origin of the word ""Manes"" is from ""manus"" or ""manis"" (more often in Latin as its antonym ""immanis""), meaning ""good"" or ""kindly,"" which was a euphemistic way to speak of the ""inferi"" so as to avert their potential to harm or cause fear. Varro (1st century BC) distinguishes among the ""di"
"Mania (deity) In Roman and Etruscan mythology, Mania (or Manea) was a goddess of the dead. She, along with Mantus, ruled the underworld. She was said to be the mother of ghosts, the undead, and other spirits of the night, as well as the Lares and the Manes. Her name links her to the Manes, Mana Genita, and Manius. Both the Greek and Latin ""Mania"" derive from PIE *""men-"", ""to think."" Cognates include Ancient Greek μένος / ""ménos"" (""mind"", ""thought"") and Avestan 𐬎𐬫𐬥𐬌𐬀𐬨 / ""mainyu"" (""spirit"") In Roman and Etruscan mythology, Mania (Manea) is the Goddess of Spirits and Chaos."
"Hades Hades (; ""Hádēs""; Ἅιδης ""Háidēs""), in the ancient Greek religion and myth, is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld, with which his name became synonymous. Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father. He and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the sky, and Poseidon the sea, with the solid earth, long the province of Gaia, available to all three concurrently. Hades was often portrayed with his"
"then a subscript marking (), and finally omitted entirely (). Perhaps from fear of pronouncing his name, around the 5th century BC, the Greeks started referring to Hades as Plouton ( ""Ploútōn""), with a root meaning ""wealthy"", considering that from the abode below (i.e., the soil) come riches (e.g., fertile crops, metals and so on). Plouton became the Roman god who both rules the underworld and distributed riches from below. This deity was a mixture of the Greek god Hades and the Eleusinian icon Ploutos, and from this he also received a priestess, which was not previously practiced in Greece."
"the presence of a sick or dying person. Heini-iki In the Ob-Ugrian mythology, Heini-iki, also referred to as Kul-iki, is the god of the Underworld and of the spirits of sickness. He is opposite in nature to his brother Numi-Torum, the heavenly god. He can appear in the shape of a dog or cat, or sometimes as a fog that hides a person from their guardian spirit. The Khanties of the Surgut area described him as black in color. Animal sacrifices to him were also to be black in color. These sacrifices were to prevent illness among the people. His"
"""On the Nature of the Gods"", Cicero identifies the Roman god Dis Pater with the Greek Pluton, explaining that riches are hidden in and arise from the earth. Dis Pater is sometimes regarded as a chthonic Saturn, ruler of the , whose consort Ops was a goddess of abundance. The obscure goddess Angerona, whose iconography depicted silence and secrecy, and whose festival followed that of Ops, seems to have regulated communications between the realm of the living and the underworld; she may have been a guardian of both arcane knowledge and stored, secret wealth. When a Roman died, the treasury"
"Di inferi The di inferi or dii inferi (Latin, ""the gods below"") were a shadowy collective of ancient Roman deities associated with death and the underworld. The epithet ""inferi"" is also given to the mysterious Manes, a collective of ancestral spirits. The most likely origin of the word ""Manes"" is from ""manus"" or ""manis"" (more often in Latin as its antonym ""immanis""), meaning ""good"" or ""kindly,"" which was a euphemistic way to speak of the ""inferi"" so as to avert their potential to harm or cause fear. Varro (1st century BC) distinguishes among the ""di superi"" (""gods above""), whose sites"
"Februus In ancient Roman religion, Februus, whose name means ""purifier"", was the god of purification. He was also worshipped under the same name by the Etruscans as the god of purification, and also the underworld. For the Etruscans, Februus was also the god of riches (money/gold) and death, both connected to the underworld in the same natural manner as with the better-known Roman god Pluto. Februus may have become the Roman Febris, goddess of fever (""febris"" in Latin means fever) and malaria. These are possibly connected with the sweating of fevers, which was considered a purgative, washing, and purification process."
"Mercury (mythology) Mercury (; Latin: ""Mercurius"" ) is a major god in Roman religion and mythology, being one of the Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon. He is the god of financial gain, commerce, eloquence, messages, communication (including divination), travelers, boundaries, luck, trickery and thieves; he also serves as the guide of souls to the underworld. He was considered the son of Maia, who was a daughter of the Titan Atlas, and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is possibly related to the Latin word ""merx"" (""merchandise""; cf. ""merchant"", ""commerce"", etc.), ""mercari"" (""to trade""), and ""merces"" (""wages""); another possible"
"the underworld. ""Plūtō"" (; genitive ""Plūtōnis"") is the Latinized form of the Greek ""Plouton"". Pluto's Roman equivalent is Dis Pater, whose name is most often taken to mean ""Rich Father"" and is perhaps a direct translation of ""Plouton."" Pluto was also identified with the obscure Roman Orcus, like Hades the name of both a god of the underworld and the underworld as a place. The borrowed Greek name ""Pluto"" is sometimes used for the ruler of the dead in Latin literature, leading some mythology handbooks to assert misleadingly that Pluto was the Roman counterpart of Hades. ""Pluto"" (""Pluton"" in French"
"Pluto (mythology) Pluto (Latin: ""Plūtō""; , """") was the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto represents a more positive concept of the god who presides over the afterlife. ""Ploutōn"" was frequently conflated with ""Ploutos"" (Πλοῦτος, Plutus), a god of wealth, because mineral wealth was found underground, and because as a chthonic god Pluto ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest. The name ""Ploutōn"" came into widespread usage"
"realm of Zeus and the dark underworld realm of Hades. In the Orphic tradition of ancient Greece, Dionysus Zagreus served as its patron god connected to death and immortality, and symbolized the one who guides reincarnation. A mystery cult to Bacchus was brought to Rome from the Greek culture of southern Italy or by way of Greek-influenced Etruria. It was established around 200 BC in the Aventine grove of Stimula by a priestess from Campania, near the temple where Liber Pater (""The Free Father"") had a State-sanctioned, popular cult. Liber was a native Roman god of wine, fertility, and prophecy,"
"Laverna In Roman mythology, Laverna was a goddess of thieves, cheats and the underworld. She was propitiated by libations poured with the left hand. The poet Horace and the playwright Plautus call her a goddess of thieves. In Rome, her sanctuary was near the Porta Lavernalis. Laverna, was an old Italian divinity, originally one of the spirits of the underworld. A cup found in an Etruscan tomb bears the inscription ""Lavernai Pocolom,"" (cf. poculum); and in a fragment of Septimius Serenus Laverna is expressly mentioned in connexion with the ""di inferi"". By an easy transition, she came to be regarded"
"Hades (DC Comics) Hades (also sometimes referred to as Pluto or Hell) is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as an adversary and sometimes-ally of the super hero Wonder Woman. Based upon the Greek mythological figure of the same name, he is the Greek god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. Hades first appeared under his Roman name Pluto in ""Wonder Woman"" #16, volume 1, published in the summer of 1946, written by Wonder Woman creator William Moulton Marston. He is presented here as the villainous King Pluto, kidnapping women from Earth,"
". Jupiter got the sky, Neptune got the sea, and Pluto got the shaft."" In Riordan's explanation, Hades ""was more of a death god,"" but acquired his identity as a god of wealth among the Romans, along with a new name. Scientific terms derived from the name of Pluto include: Pluto (mythology) Pluto (Latin: ""Plūtō""; , """") was the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself. In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Pluto represents a more positive concept of the god"
"for this journey, such as food. The Roman Empire also had a funerary cult, revolving around Dionysus. Dionysus, (along with being lord of wine and parties) had been reborn many times and had rescued his mother Semele from the Underworld (the Roman afterlife, ruled by Hades). Each Roman God had his or her own clique of devotees, and it was thought that Dionysus could protect his initiates from death. He was also one of the Gods associated with plants (grapes in particular) and harvest. He was occasionally depicted in conjunction with other Gods (representatives of rebirth or plants of some"
"use of the word ""custody"" (""φρούρα""), has also been seen as possible evidence of a pre-Hellenistic date for the myth. Zagreus In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Zagreus () was sometimes identified with a god worshipped by the followers of Orphism, the “first Dionysus”, a son of Zeus and Persephone, who was dismembered by the Titans and reborn. However, in the earliest mention of Zagreus, he is paired with Gaia (Earth) and called the “highest” god [of the underworld?] and Aeschylus links Zagreus with Hades, possibly as Hades' son, or Hades himself. Noting ""Hades' identity as Zeus' ""katachthonios"" alter ego"","