"just one biogeographic province in the Palearctic Realm, which he termed British Islands. Historically, much of this lowland and submontane region was covered with high-canopy forests dominated by European beech (""Fagus sylvatica""), but also including other species of tree, including oak, ash, rowan and yew. In summer, the forests are generally cool and dark, because the beech produces a dense canopy, and thus restricts the growth of other species of tree and wild flowers. In the spring, however, thick carpets of bluebells can be found, flourishing before the beech leafs out and shades the forest floor. The National Vegetation Classification"
"Croton sylvaticus Croton sylvaticus is a tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is commonly known as the forest fever-berry. These trees are distributed in forests from the east coast of South Africa to Tropical Africa. It grows 7–13 m in height, occasionally up to 30 m, in moist forests, thickets and forest edges at altitudes of 350–1800 m. Greenish cream flowers, up to 3 mm long (all male or female or mixed flowers), in racemes, 10–30 cm long. Fruit, light green when young, turning to orange or red, trilobed, oval in shape, hairy. Used as a general timber, for poles,"
"Northeastern United States, or ""Fagus sylvatica"", ""Quercus robur"" and ""Q. petraea"" in Europe) are often ecologically dominant in northern temperate forests. Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships: Fagaceae Fagaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes beeches and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. The Fagaceae are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Leaf characteristics of Fagaceae can"
"Common fig Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig). It is the source of the fruit also called the fig and as such is an important crop in those areas where it is grown commercially. Native to the Middle East and western Asia, it has been sought out and cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the world, both for its fruit and as an ornamental plant. The species has become naturalized in scattered locations in Asia and North America. The term"
"Myosotis sylvatica Myosotis sylvatica, the wood forget-me-not or woodland forget-me-not, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe. It is a short-lived herbaceous perennial or biennial growing to tall by wide, with hairy leaves and a profusion of flowers with petals longer than their tube, pink in bud then opening disc-shaped, intensely sky-blue with yellow centres in Spring. Stace describes this plant as having the following characteristics: Widely cultivated throughout the temperate world, it is particularly associated with spring bedding schemes involving other spring-flowering subjects, notably daffodils, tulips, wallflowers and primulas. Typically seeds are sown"
"the ""civic oak crown"". Linnaeus described only five species of oak from eastern North America, based on general leaf form. These were white oak, ""Quercus alba""; chestnut oak, ""Q. montana""; red oak, ""Q. rubra""; willow oak ""Q. phellos""; and water oak, ""Q. nigra"". Because he was dealing with confusing leaf forms, the ""Q. montana"" and ""Q. rubra"" specimens actually included mixed foliage of more than one species. Oak An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (; Latin ""oak tree"") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks. The common name ""oak"""
"Ficus Ficus ( or ) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. The common fig (""F. carica"") is a temperate species native to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region (from Afghanistan to Portugal), which has been widely cultivated from ancient times for its fruit, also referred to as figs. The fruit of most other species are also edible though they are usually of only local"
"depends on the location: in forest areas, ""F. sylvatica"" grows to over , with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically ) and more massive. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, 5–10 cm long and 3–7 cm broad, with 6–7 veins on each side of the leaf (7–10 veins in ""Fagus orientalis""). When crenate, there is one point at each vein tip, never any points between the veins. The buds are long and slender, long and thick, but thicker (to ) where the buds"
"Salvia officinalis Salvia officinalis (sage, also called garden sage, common sage, or culinary sage) is a perennial, evergreen subshrub, with woody stems, grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae and native to the Mediterranean region, though it has naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal and culinary use, and in modern times as an ornamental garden plant. The common name ""sage"" is also used for a number of related and unrelated species. ""Salvia officinalis"" has numerous common names. Some of the best-known are sage,"
"Pseudotsuga Pseudotsuga is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae (subfamily Laricoideae). Common names include Douglas fir, Douglas-fir, Douglas tree, and Oregon pine. ""Pseudotsuga menziesii"" is widespread in western North America and is an important source of timber. The number of species has long been debated, but two in western North America and two to four in eastern Asia are commonly acknowledged. Nineteenth-century botanists had problems in classifying Douglas-firs, due to the species' similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified in ""Pinus"", ""Picea"", ""Abies"", ""Tsuga"", and even ""Sequoia""."
"Land, according to the Torah (Deut. 8). Jesus cursed a fig tree for bearing no fruit (). The fig tree was sacred in ancient Cyprus where it was a symbol of fertility. Video Ficus Ficus ( or ) is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. The common fig (""F. carica"") is a temperate species native to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region (from Afghanistan to"
"Afrocarpus falcatus Afrocarpus falcatus (syn. ""Podocarpus falcatus"") is a species of tree in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the montane forests of southern Africa, where it is distributed in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. Common names include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, weeping yew, , ""kalander"", , and . It is widespread, in some areas abundant, and not considered threatened, but it is a protected tree in South Africa. It is grown as an ornamental tree, especially in South Africa, and occasionally abroad. This is an evergreen conifer often growing up to about"
"posts and as a fuel. Sap from leaves is used for healing cuts, bark is used in the treatment of malaria, a decoction from the bark of the roots is taken orally as a remedy for tuberculosis, an infusion of the leaves acts as a purgative. Croton sylvaticus Croton sylvaticus is a tree in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is commonly known as the forest fever-berry. These trees are distributed in forests from the east coast of South Africa to Tropical Africa. It grows 7–13 m in height, occasionally up to 30 m, in moist forests, thickets and forest edges at"
"Persoonia silvatica Persoonia silvatica, commonly known as the forest geebung, is a plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a shrub or tree with more or less lance-shaped leaves and small groups of yellow flowers with white centres. It grows mainly in forest near the border between New South Wales and Victoria. ""Persoonia silvatica"" is a shrub or small tree which grows to a height of with its young branches having a sparse covering of hair. The leaves are arranged alternately and are long and wide. They are narrow elliptic to lance-shaped, or narrow"
"Nyssa sylvatica Nyssa sylvatica, commonly known as Tupelo, Black gum, sour gum, is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to eastern North America from the coastal Northeast USA and southern Ontario south to central Florida and eastern Texas, as well as Mexico. ""Nyssa sylvatica""'s genus name ""(Nyssa)"" refers to a Greek water nymph; the species epithet ""sylvatica"" refers to its woodland habitat. The species' common name tupelo is of Native American origin, coming from the Creek words ""ito"" ‘tree’ and ""opilwa"" ‘swamp’; it was in use by the mid-18th century While these trees are often known as simply ""tupelo"", the fuller"
"ceased, but in other regions the situation is not known. In general, it is not considered a current threat. Afrocarpus falcatus Afrocarpus falcatus (syn. ""Podocarpus falcatus"") is a species of tree in the family Podocarpaceae. It is native to the montane forests of southern Africa, where it is distributed in Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland. Common names include common yellowwood, bastard yellowwood, outeniqua yellowwood, African fern pine, weeping yew, , ""kalander"", , and . It is widespread, in some areas abundant, and not considered threatened, but it is a protected tree in South Africa. It is grown as an"
"Firmiana simplex Firmiana simplex, commonly known as the Chinese parasol tree, Chinese parasoltree, or wutong (), is an ornamental plant of tree size that has recently been assigned to the family Malvaceae and was formerly the family Sterculiaceae in the order Malvales, and is native to Asia. It grows up to tall. It has alternate, deciduous leaves up to 30 cm (12 inches) across and small fragrant, greenish-white flowers borne in large inflorescences. A flowering tree varies in fragrance with weather and time of the day, having a lemony odor with citronella and chocolate tones. A tall, stately specimen grows"
"Quercus robur Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. It is native to most of Europe west of the Caucasus. The tree is widely cultivated in temperate regions and has escaped into the wild in scattered parts of China and North America. ""Quercus robur"" (Latin ""quercus"", ""oak"" + ""robur"" ""strength, hard timber"") is the type species of the genus (the species by which the oak genus ""Quercus"" is defined), and a member of the white oak section (""Quercus"" section ""Quercus"")."
"Nicotiana glauca Nicotiana glauca is a species of wild tobacco known by the common name tree tobacco. Its leaves are attached to the stalk by petioles (many other ""Nicotiana"" species have sessile leaves), and its leaves and stems are neither pubescent nor sticky like ""Nicotiana tabacum"". It resembles ""Cestrum parqui"" but differs in the form of leaves and fusion of the outer floral parts. It grows to heights of more than two meters. Tree tobacco is native to South America but it is now widespread as an introduced species on other continents. It is a common roadside weed in the"
"Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin in the same family), especially while young, when trifoliate leaves comprising round"
"Shetland and the Outer Hebrides. In Ireland it is mostly found in Northern Ireland, although there are a few spots in the Republic of Ireland. Myosotis sylvatica Myosotis sylvatica, the wood forget-me-not or woodland forget-me-not, is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to Europe. It is a short-lived herbaceous perennial or biennial growing to tall by wide, with hairy leaves and a profusion of flowers with petals longer than their tube, pink in bud then opening disc-shaped, intensely sky-blue with yellow centres in Spring. Stace describes this plant as having the following characteristics: Widely cultivated throughout"
"with the following: Refer to for the most current information and details. Alfalfa Alfalfa (), also called lucerne and called Medicago sativa in binomial nomenclature, is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. It is cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world. It is used for grazing, hay, and silage, as well as a green manure and cover crop. The name alfalfa is used in North America. The name lucerne is the more commonly used name in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The plant superficially resembles clover (a cousin"
"Quercus fusiformis Quercus fusiformis (also often referred to as ""Q. virginiana"" var. ""fusiformis""), commonly known as escarpment live oak, plateau live oak, or plateau oak, is an evergreen or nearly evergreen tree. Its native range includes the Quartz Mountains and Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma, through Texas, to the Mexican states of Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León. ""Quercus fusiformis"" is an evergreen tree in the white oak section of the genus ""Quercus"". It is distinguished from ""Quercus virginiana"" (southern live oak) most easily by the acorns, which are slightly larger and with a more pointed apex. It is also a"
"Cyathea dregei Cyathea dregei (common tree fern) is a widespread species of tree fern in southern Africa. Within South Africa, it co-occurs with the indigenous forest tree fern (""C. capensis"") and the invasive ""C. cooperi"" from Australia. Further north, outside of South Africa, it coexists with an additional two tree fern species, ""C. manniana"" and ""C. thomsonii"". This species is locally known as the common South African tree fern or grassland tree fern (in contrast to its relative, the forest tree fern). It is commonly known as the gewone boomvaring in Afrikaans. The specific epithet ""dregei"" commemorates Johann Franz Drège"
"(""F. macrophylla""), Chinese banyan (""F. microcarpa""), sacred fig (""F. religiosa"") and sycamore fig (""F. sycomorus""). On the other hand, the common fig (""Ficus carica"") is a gynodioecious plant, as well as lofty fig or clown fig (""F. aspera""), Roxburgh fig (""F. auriculata""), mistletoe fig (""F. deltoidea""), ""F. pseudopalma"", creeping fig (""F. pumila"") and related species. The hermaphrodite common figs are called ""inedible figs"" or ""caprifigs""; in traditional culture in the Mediterranean region they were considered food for goats (""Capra aegagrus""). In the female fig trees, the male flower parts fail to develop; they produce the ""'edible figs"". Fig wasps grow"
"maple–basswood, yellow poplar–white oak–northern red oak, beech–sugar maple, and river birch–sycamore. Commonly associated trees include basswood (""Tilia"" spp.), black cherry (""Prunus serotina""), beech (""Fagus grandifolia""), black walnut (""Juglans nigra""), elm (""Ulmus"" spp.), hemlock (""Tsuga canadensis""), hickory (""Carya"" spp.), oak (""Quercus"" spp.), red maple (""Acer rubrum""), sugar maple (""Acer saccharum""), yellow poplar (""Liriodendron tulipifera""), white ash (""Fraxinus americana""), and yellow birch (""Betula alleghaniensis""). In the northeast part of its range, it is often found with sweet birch (""Betula lenta"") and in the northern part of its range it is occasionally found with white pine (""Pinus strobus""). Forest stands seldom contain more"
"Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii is an evergreen conifer species in the pine family, Pinaceae. It is native to western North America and is known as Douglas fir, Douglas-fir, Oregon pine, and Columbian pine. There are two varieties: coast Douglas-fir (""P. menziesii"" var. ""menziesii""), and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (""Pseudotsuga menziesii"" var. ""glauca""). The common name honors David Douglas, a Scottish botanist and collector who first reported the extraordinary nature and potential of the species. The common name is misleading since it is not a true fir, i.e., not a member of the genus ""Abies"". For this reason the name is often"
"and named it ""Celastrus buxifolius"". Since then it has been named ""ellipticus, heterophyllus, spathephyllus, empleurifolius, rhombifolius, parvifolius and buxifolioides"" - it would seem that the epithet ""heterophylla"" is appropriate. It makes a very effective, fast-growing security hedge. The wood is hard and durable, suitable for carving, though large pieces are not often available. Gymnosporia heterophylla Gymnosporia heterophylla, the common spike-thorn, is a small, hardy, deciduous African tree up to 5m tall, occurring in rocky places with a wide distribution from Ethiopia, the Sudan and the Congo, south to the Cape Province and west to Angola and Namibia, as well as"
"of plane trees in the genus ""Platanus"", the prefix ""pseudo-"" (from Ancient Greek) meaning ""false"". However, the two genera are in different families that are only distantly related. ""Acer"" and ""Platanus"" differ in the position in which leaves are attached to the stem (alternate in ""Platanus"", paired or opposite in ""Acer"") and in their fruit, which are spherical clusters in ""Platanus"" and paired samaras (winged fruit) in ""Acer"". The common name ""sycamore"" originally applied to the fig species ""Ficus sycomorus"", the sycamore or sycomore referred to in the Bible, that is native to southwest Asia. Other common names for the"
"pear (""Pyrus pashia""), sumac (""Rhus"" spp.), Himalayan maple (""Acer oblongum""), box myrtle (""Myrica esculenta""), magnolia (""Michelia"" spp.), and birch (""Betula"" spp.). Some other common trees and large shrub species of subtropical forests are ""Semecarpus anacardium, Crateva unilocularis, Trewia nudiflora, Premna interrupta,"" vietnam elm (""Ulmus lancifolia""), ""Ulmus chumlia, Glochidion velutinum,"" beautyberry (""Callicarpa arborea""), Indian mahogany (""Toona ciliata""), fig tree (""Ficus"" spp.), ""Mahosama similicifolia, Trevesia palmata,"" brushholly (""Xylosma longifolium""), false nettle (""Boehmeria rugulosa""), ""Schefflera venulosa, Casearia graveilens, Actinodaphne reticulata, Sapium insigne,"" Nepalese alder (""Alnus nepalensis""), marlberry (""Ardisia thyrsiflora""), holly (""Ilex"" spp), ""Macaranga pustulata, Trichilia cannoroides,"" hackberry (""Celtis tetranda""), ""Wenlendia puberula, Saurauia nepalensis,"""
"Podo, ""Podocarpus milanjianus"" (Kik. ), which can grow to . The African olive ""Olea europaea"" (previously ""O. africana"", Kik. ) is common in drier forest and at lower elevations. ""Schefflera"" is similar to strangler figs, in that it starts as an epiphyte and eventually kills the host tree. Common shrubs are elderberry (""Sambucus africanus""), and raspberry (""Rubus"" spp., Kik. ). Herbs are common in the forest, including clover (""Trifolium""), Shamrock pea (""Parochetus communis""), sunflecks (""Guizotia reptans""), balsams (""Impatiens spp.""), mints (""Leonotis spp."" and ""Plectranthus spp."") and stinging nettles (""Urtica massaica"", Kik. , ). Many species of animals live in the"
"Domestication of Ficus carica Ficus carica, known as the common fig, is one of the earliest plants to have ever undergone domestication. ""Ficus"" ""carica"" played many important roles in history and has become a symbol in many different cultures and religions. They continue to play a significant part in the societies and economies of today, as they have proven to serve a multitude of uses. The exact origin of the common fig is still under debate. Some believe it to be indigenous to Western Asia and suggest that human activities then spread it throughout the Mediterranean. Despite uncertainty about its"
"Strangler fig Strangler fig is the common name for a number of tropical and subtropical plant species, including some banyans and unrelated vines, including among many other species: These all share a common ""strangling"" growth habit that is found in many tropical forest species, particularly of the genus ""Ficus"". This growth habit is an adaptation for growing in dark forests where the competition for light is intense. These plants are hemiepiphytes, spending the first part of their life without rooting into the ground. Their seeds, often bird-dispersed, germinate in crevices atop other trees. These seedlings grow their roots downward and"