"original production), Jessica Mauboy, Shari Sebbens and Miranda Tapsell. Although Donovan received strong reviews in the 2010 production, and auditioned for the movie version, she was ultimately not chosen to star. The Sapphires (play) The Sapphires is an Australian play written by Tony Briggs and directed by Wesley Enoch. It is set in 1968 (a year after the referendum expanding the rights of Aborigines) and it tells the story of The Sapphires, a singing group of four Yorta Yorta women who tour Vietnam during the war. It was inspired by the true story of Briggs's mother, Laurel Robinson, and aunt,"
"upon the illuminant. Transition-metal impurities in the sapphire, such as chromium and vanadium, are responsible for the color change. Certain synthetic color-change sapphires have a similar color change to the natural gemstone alexandrite and they are sometimes marketed as ""alexandrium"" or ""synthetic alexandrite"". However, the latter term is a misnomer: synthetic color-change sapphires are, technically, not synthetic alexandrites but rather alexandrite ""simulants"". This is because genuine alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl: not sapphire, but an entirely different mineral. Rubies are corundum which contain chromium impurities that absorb yellow-green light and result in deeper ruby red color with increasing content."
"Sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural ""fancy"" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; ""parti sapphires"" show two or more colors. The only color that sapphire cannot be is red – as red colored corundum is called ruby, another corundum variety. Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in"
"A sapphire jubilee occurs after 65 years. Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, they occur in other colors, including gray and black, and they can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha. Significant sapphire deposits are found in Eastern Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, China (Shandong), Madagascar, East Africa, and in North America in a few locations, mostly in Montana. Sapphire and rubies are often found in the same geological setting. Every sapphire mine produces"
"Sapphirine Sapphirine is a rare mineral, a silicate of magnesium and aluminium with the chemical formula (Mg,Al)(Al,Si)O (with iron as a major impurity). Named for its sapphire-like colour, sapphirine is primarily of interest to researchers and collectors: well-formed crystals are treasured and occasionally cut into gemstones. Sapphirine has also been synthesized for experimental purposes via a hydrothermal process. Typical colours range from light to dark sapphire blue, bluish to brownish green, green, and bluish or greenish gray to black; less common colours include yellow, pale red, and pink to purplish pink. Sapphirine is relatively hard (7.5 on Mohs scale), usually"
"only in ruby. Sapphire and ruby are both varieties of the same mineral; corundum. Some minerals may replace other existing minerals while preserving the original's habit: this process is called pseudomorphous replacement. A classic example is tiger's eye quartz, crocidolite asbestos replaced by silica. While quartz typically forms ""prismatic"" (elongate, prism-like) crystals, in tiger's eye the original ""fibrous"" habit of crocidolite is preserved. The names of crystal habits are derived from: Predominant crystal faces (prism – prismatic, pyramid – pyramidal and pinacoid – platy). Crystal forms (cubic, octahedral, dodecahedral). Aggregation of crystals or aggregates (fibrous, botryoidal, radiating, massive). Crystal appearance"
"have values approaching that of an average ruby. Rubies, as with other gemstones, are graded using criteria known as the four Cs, namely color, cut, clarity and carat weight. Rubies are also evaluated on the basis of their geographic origin. Color: In the evaluation of colored gemstones, color is the most important factor. Color divides into three components: ""hue"", ""saturation"" and ""tone"". Hue refers to color as we normally use the term. Transparent gemstones occur in the ""pure spectral hues"" of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. In nature, there are rarely pure hues, so when speaking of the hue"
"then placed under the imitation stone. Trade terms such as balas ruby for red spinel and rubellite for red tourmaline can mislead unsuspecting buyers. Such terms are therefore discouraged from use by many gemological associations such as the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC). Ruby A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ""ruby"" comes from ""ruber"", Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due"
"Ukraine) of sapphire monocrystals for hip joint endoprostheses. Sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural ""fancy"" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; ""parti sapphires"" show two or more colors. The only color that sapphire cannot be is red – as red colored corundum is called ruby, another corundum variety. Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are"
"wasn't until 1783 that spinels were differentiated from rubies. The two gemstones can be distinguished on the basis of their chemical properties: a red spinel is a compound of magnesia, iron, oxygen, and chromium, while a ruby is a type of aluminium oxide. The rarity of this spinel, however, is that it is the biggest uncut spinel in the world, given that it has only been polished slightly, and has never received a proper cut, gemologically speaking. The Black Prince's Ruby enters the ""stage of history"" in middle of the 14th century as the possession of Abū Sa'īd, the Arab"
"a distinction between rubies and pink sapphires is relatively new, having arisen sometime in the 20th century. Often, the distinction between ruby and pink sapphire is not clear and can be debated. As a result of the difficulty and subjectiveness of such distinctions, trade organizations such as the International Colored Gemstone Association (ICGA) have adopted the broader definition for ruby which encompasses its lighter shades, including pink. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world's main source for rubies. That region has produced some exceptional rubies, however in recent years few good rubies have been found."
"Ruby A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, together with amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ""ruby"" comes from ""ruber"", Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium. The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable shade of red called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over"
"Dome Rock Mountains of La Paz County, Arizona, Stockdale, Riley County, Kansas; Cortlandt, New York; and Clay County, North Carolina. Sapphirine Sapphirine is a rare mineral, a silicate of magnesium and aluminium with the chemical formula (Mg,Al)(Al,Si)O (with iron as a major impurity). Named for its sapphire-like colour, sapphirine is primarily of interest to researchers and collectors: well-formed crystals are treasured and occasionally cut into gemstones. Sapphirine has also been synthesized for experimental purposes via a hydrothermal process. Typical colours range from light to dark sapphire blue, bluish to brownish green, green, and bluish or greenish gray to black; less"
"of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. Ruby is defined to be red. All other hues of the gem species corundum are called sapphire. Ruby may exhibit a range of secondary hues, including orange, purple, violet, and pink. Improving the quality of gemstones by treating them is common practice. Some treatments are used in almost all cases and are therefore considered acceptable. During the late 1990s, a large supply of low-cost materials caused a sudden surge in supply of heat-treated rubies, leading to a downward pressure on ruby prices. Improvements used include color alteration,"
"Sunrise Ruby The Sunrise Ruby is the world's most expensive ruby, most expensive coloured gemstone, and most expensive gemstone other than a diamond. Originally mined in Myanmar, Its current name is named after a poem of the same name, written by the 13th-century Sufi poet Rumi. It is a Burmese ""pigeon blood"" ruby mounted by Cartier and set between heptagonal diamonds weighing and . It is considered among the rarest of all gemstones. The Swiss Gemmological Institute has described it as ""a unique treasure of nature"" and praised its ""well-proportioned cut, highly attractive colour and fine purity"". The Gubelin Gem"
"have the same primary chemical composition (both are corundum) but exhibit different colors because of impurities. Even the same named gemstone can occur in many different colors: sapphires show different shades of blue and pink and ""fancy sapphires"" exhibit a whole range of other colors from yellow to orange-pink, the latter called ""padparadscha sapphire"". This difference in color is based on the atomic structure of the stone. Although the different stones formally have the same chemical composition and structure, they are not exactly the same. Every now and then an atom is replaced by a completely different atom, sometimes as"
"red, blue, green, yellow, brown, black, or (uncommon) violet. There is a unique natural white spinel, now lost, that surfaced briefly in what is now Sri Lanka. Some spinels are among the most famous gemstones; among them are the Black Prince's Ruby and the ""Timur ruby"" in the British Crown Jewels, and the ""Côte de Bretagne"", formerly from the French Crown jewels. The Samarian Spinel is the largest known spinel in the world, weighing . The transparent red spinels were called spinel-rubies or balas rubies. In the past, before the arrival of modern science, spinels and rubies were equally known"
"Sapphire (color) Sapphire is a saturated shade of blue, referring to the gem of the same name. Sapphire gems are most commonly found in a range of blue shades although they can be many different colors. Other names for variations of the color ""sapphire"" are blue sapphire or sapphire blue, shown below. Displayed at right is the color sapphire. The first recorded use of ""sapphire"" as a color name in English was in 1430. At right is displayed the color sapphire blue. Medium sapphire is the color called ""sapphire"" in Crayola Gem Tones, a specialty set of Crayola crayons introduced"
"blue sapphires in existence. Sapphires in colors other than blue are called ""fancy"" or ""parti colored"" sapphires. Fancy sapphires are often found in yellow, orange, green, brown, purple and violet hues. Particolored sapphires are those stones which exhibit two or more colors within a single stone. Australia is the largest source of particolored sapphires; they are not commonly used in mainstream jewelry and remain relatively unknown. Particolored sapphires cannot be created synthetically and only occur naturally. Colorless sapphires have historically been used as diamond substitutes in jewelry. Pink sapphires occur in shades from light to dark pink, and deepen in"
"Ruspoli Sapphire The Ruspoli Sapphire, also known as the Wooden Spoon Seller's Sapphire, is a 136.9 carat (27.38 g) blue sapphire that has historically been confused with Grand Sapphire of Louis XIV (which has also been called the Ruspoli Sapphire or Wooden Spoon Seller's Sapphire). Recent research has shown that not only are these two separate gems, but also that the story of once being owned by the Ruspoli family and having been acquired from a wooden spoon seller in Bengal are both apocryphal tales with no basis. The origins of this confusion stem from a book published in 1858"
"Standard color lists were first formulated in 1930 and reached their present form in 1955. Ruby (color) Ruby is a color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone and is a shade of red or pink. The first recorded use of ""ruby"" as a color name in English was in 1572. Displayed at right is the Pantone color rubine red. At right is displayed the color ruber. The source of this color is: ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Ruber (color sample #254). Medium ruby is the color called ""ruby"" in"
"the corners of a Megaminx. The original Impossiball had the same colors as the Rubik's Cube: red, orange, yellow, green, blue and white. Meffert currently produces two versions, one with six colors and one with twelve. The six-color version (pictured) uses pink, two shades of orange, yellow, green and blue. All the pieces are still distinguishable, however, because the two pieces with the same three colors are mirror images of each other. The twelve-color version has red, pink, orange, yellow, two shades of green, three shades of blue, purple, brown and white. In spite of its daunting appearance and greater"
"Ruby (color) Ruby is a color that is a representation of the color of the cut and polished ruby gemstone and is a shade of red or pink. The first recorded use of ""ruby"" as a color name in English was in 1572. Displayed at right is the Pantone color rubine red. At right is displayed the color ruber. The source of this color is: ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names (1955)--Color Sample of Ruber (color sample #254). Medium ruby is the color called ""ruby"" in Crayola Gem Tones, a specialty set of crayons introduced by the Crayola company in 1994."
"8) that take a good polish; however, due to their much lower RI when compared to diamond (1.762–1.770 for sapphire, 1.727 for spinel), they are ""lifeless"" when cut. (Synthetic sapphire is also anisotropic, making it even easier to spot.) Their low RIs also mean a much lower dispersion (0.018 and 0.020), so even when cut into brilliants they lack the ""fire"" of diamond. Nevertheless, synthetic spinel and sapphire were popular diamond simulants from the 1920s until the late 1940s, when newer and better simulants began to appear. Both have also been combined with other materials to create composites. Commercial names"
"ones, which are called rubies. The term ""Yogo sapphire"" refers only to sapphires from the Yogo Gulch. The cornflower blue color of the Yogo results from trace amounts of iron and titanium. Yogo sapphires are unique in that they are free of cavities and inclusions, have high uniform clarity, lack color zoning, and do not need heat treating because their cornflower blue coloring is uniform and deep. Unlike Asian sapphires, they maintain their brilliance in artificial light. Yogos present an advantage to gemcutters: since they are found as primary constituent minerals within an igneous bedrock rather than in sedimentary alluvial"
"transparent to translucent, with a vitreous lustre. Crystallising in the monoclinic system, sapphirine is typically anhedral or granular in habit, but may also be tabular or in aggregates: Twinning is uncommon. Fracture is subconchodial to uneven, and there is one direction of perfect cleavage. The specific gravity of sapphirine is 3.54–3.51, and its streak is white. Sapphirine's refractive index (as measured by monochromatic sodium light, 589.3 nm) ranges from 1.701 to 1.718 with a birefringence of 0.006–0.007, biaxial negative. Refractive index values may correspond to colour: brownish green specimens will possess the highest values, purplish-pink specimens the lowest, and blue"
"Golden sheen sapphire Golden Sheen Sapphire, is a gemstone variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminium oxide (). It typically shows a metallic golden colour with common variations being brass, copper and bronze, however metallic blue, green and yellow colouration is also possible. A very rare variation is a metallic red colour. Unlike normal sapphire, golden sheen sapphire occurs principally as a result of iron and titanium inclusions, making the gem mostly opaque. In this respect, golden sheen sapphire is more like opal than other typically clear or transparent gemstone. Identified inclusions in golden sheen sapphire are ilmenite, rutile, hematite"
"the vividness or brightness of the hue, and tone is the lightness to darkness of the hue. Blue sapphire exists in various mixtures of its primary (blue) and secondary hues, various tonal levels (shades) and at various levels of saturation (vividness). Blue sapphires are evaluated based upon the purity of their primary hue. Purple, violet, and green are the most common secondary hues found in blue sapphires. Violet and purple can contribute to the overall beauty of the color, while green is considered to be distinctly negative. Blue sapphires with up to 15% violet or purple are generally said to"
"Purple sapphires contain trace amounts of vanadium and come in a variety of shades. Corundum that contains ~0.01% of titanium is colorless. If trace amounts of iron are present, a very pale yellow to green color may be seen. However, if both titanium and iron impurities are present together, and in the correct valence states, the result is a deep-blue color. Unlike localized (""intra-atomic"") absorption of light which causes color for chromium and vanadium impurities, blue color in sapphires comes from intervalence charge transfer, which is the transfer of an electron from one transition-metal ion to another via the conduction"
"other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and is usually more pink than garnet, although some rhodolite garnets have a similar pinkish hue to most rubies. The world's most valuable ruby is the Sunrise Ruby. Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of"
"rubies forming a cross. Around the sapphire are 14 brilliant diamonds. The general design is intended to represent the red Cross of St George on the blue background of St Andrew's Cross. Rubies symbolise all the kingly virtues and have featured on coronation rings since the early Middle Ages. A small copy was made for Victoria, who wrote in a letter: ""The Archbishop had (most awkwardly) put the ring on the wrong finger, and the consequence was that I had the greatest difficulty to take it off again, which I at last did with great pain"". In fact, the ring"
"Corundum Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide () typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is also a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. Corundum has two primary gem varieties, ruby and sapphire. Rubies are red due to the presence of chromium, and sapphires exhibit a range of colors depending on what transition metal is present. A rare type of sapphire, padparadscha sapphire, is pink-orange. The name ""corundum"" is derived from the Tamil word ""Kurundam"", which"
"non-destructive optical testing until there is only one possible identity. Any single test is indicative, only. For example, the specific gravity of ruby is 4.00, glass is 3.15–4.20, and cubic zirconia is 5.6–5.9. So one can easily tell the difference between cubic zirconia and the other two; however, there is overlap between ruby and glass. And, as with all naturally occurring materials, no two gems are identical. The geological environment they are created in influences the overall process so that although the basics can be identified, the presence of chemical ""impurities"" and substitutions along with structural imperfections create ""individuals"". One"