"of the Daily Value, DV) of protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins and several dietary minerals, especially calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese, all of which exceed 100% DV (table). Fennel seeds are 52% carbohydrates, 15% fat, 40% dietary fiber, 16% protein and 9% water (table). The bulb, foliage, and seeds of the fennel plant are used in many of the culinary traditions of the world. The small flowers of wild fennel (known as fennel ""pollen"" ) are the most potent form of fennel, but also the most expensive. Dried fennel seed is an aromatic, anise-flavored spice, brown or green in color"
"as 'biscuit root'. Most ""Lomatium"" spp. have finely divided, hairlike leaves; their roots have a delicate rice-like odor, unlike the musty odor of hemlock. ""Lomatium"" species tend to prefer dry rocky soils devoid of organic material. The aromatic character of fennel seeds derives from volatile oils imparting mixed aromas, including trans-anethole and estragole (resembling liquorice), fenchone (mint and camphor), Limonene, 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom). Other phytochemicals found in fennel seeds include polyphenols, such as rosmarinic acid and luteolin, among others in minor content. Fennel Fennel (""Foeniculum vulgare"") is a flowering plant species in the carrot family. It is a hardy, perennial herb"
"Australia and the United States. In western North America, fennel can be found from the coastal and inland wildland-urban interface east into hill and mountain areas, excluding desert habitats. Florence fennel is one of the three main herbs used in the preparation of absinthe, an alcoholic mixture which originated as a medicinal elixir in Switzerland and became, by the late 19th century, a popular alcoholic drink in France and other countries. Fennel seed is also used in the production of akvavit. A 100-gram portion of fennel seeds provides of food energy, and it is a rich source (more than 19%"
"In Spain, the stems of the fennel plant are used in the preparation of pickled eggplants, "". An herbal tea or tisane can be made from fennel. On account of its aromatic properties, fennel fruit forms one of the ingredients of the well-known compound liquorice powder. In the Indian subcontinent, fennel seeds are also eaten raw, sometimes with a sweetener. In Israel, fennel salad is made of chopped fennel bulbs flavored with salt, black pepper, lemon juice, parsley, olive oil and sometimes sumac. As grouped by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, production data for fennel are combined with"
"Fernet Fernet () is an Italian type of amaro, a bitter, aromatic spirit. Fernet is made from a number of herbs and spices which vary according to the brand, but usually include myrrh, rhubarb, chamomile, cardamom, aloe, and especially saffron, with a base of grape distilled spirits. Fernet is usually served as a digestif after a meal but may also be served with coffee and espresso or mixed into coffee and espresso drinks. It typically contains 45% alcohol by volume. It may be served at room temperature or with ice. Fernet is very popular in Argentina, where it was introduced"
"a herb (dried or fresh leaves), spice (seeds), and vegetable (fresh leaves, sprouts, and microgreens). Sotolon is the chemical responsible for fenugreek's distinctive sharp smell. Cuboid-shaped, yellow- to amber-coloured fenugreek seeds are frequently encountered in the cuisines of the Indian subcontinent, used both whole and powdered in the preparation of pickles, vegetable dishes, dal, and spice mixes such as ""panch phoron"" and ""sambar"" powder. They are often roasted to reduce bitterness and enhance flavour. Fresh fenugreek leaves are an ingredient in some curries, such as with potatoes in cuisines of the Indian subcontinent to make ""aloo methi"" (""potato fenugreek"") curry."
"flavoring in some natural toothpastes. The seeds are used in cookery and sweet desserts. Many cultures in India, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Middle East use fennel seed in cooking. It is one of the most important spices in Kashmiri Pandit and Gujarati cooking. It is an essential ingredient of the Assamese/Bengali/Oriya spice mixture ""panch phoron"" and in Chinese five-spice powders. In many parts of India, roasted fennel seeds are consumed as ""mukhwas"", an after-meal digestive and breath freshener, or candied as comfit. Fennel leaves are used in some parts of India as leafy green vegetables either by themselves or mixed"
"with other vegetables, cooked to be served and consumed as part of a meal. In Syria and Lebanon, the young leaves are used to make a special kind of egg omelette (along with onions and flour) called "". Many egg, fish, and other dishes employ fresh or dried fennel leaves. Florence fennel is a key ingredient in some Italian and German salads, often tossed with chicory and avocado, or it can be braised and served as a warm side dish. It may be blanched or marinated, or cooked in risotto. Fennel seeds are the primary flavor component in Italian sausage."
"Finocchiona Finocchiona () is a salami variety, typical of Tuscany, Florence area. It is characterized for the use of fennel. Finocchiona originated in the Renaissance, and possibly even before, in the Late Middle Ages. The use of fennel was an alternative to pepper (a key ingredient of the standard salami), which was very expensive at the time while fennel grew wild and abundant in the Tuscan countryside. Also, fennel is rich in menthol, and because of its anesthetic qualities finocchiona was regularly offered by the winemakers of the Chianti area to their customers before tasting their lower quality wines, to"
"Anethole Anethole (also known as anise camphor) is an organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring substance. It is a derivative of phenylpropene, a type of aromatic compound that occurs widely in nature, in essential oils. It contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel (both in the botanical family Apiaceae), anise myrtle (Myrtaceae), liquorice (Fabaceae), camphor, magnolia blossoms, and star anise (Illiciaceae). Closely related to anethole is its isomer estragole, abundant in tarragon (Asteraceae) and basil (Lamiaceae), that has a flavor reminiscent of anise. It is a colorless, fragrant, mildly volatile liquid."
"hangover cure. Fernet Fernet () is an Italian type of amaro, a bitter, aromatic spirit. Fernet is made from a number of herbs and spices which vary according to the brand, but usually include myrrh, rhubarb, chamomile, cardamom, aloe, and especially saffron, with a base of grape distilled spirits. Fernet is usually served as a digestif after a meal but may also be served with coffee and espresso or mixed into coffee and espresso drinks. It typically contains 45% alcohol by volume. It may be served at room temperature or with ice. Fernet is very popular in Argentina, where it"
"of Life"" repeatedly refers to the plant and mentions its purported ability to strengthen eyesight: Fennel, ""Foeniculum vulgare"", is a perennial herb. It is erect, glaucous green, and grows to heights of up to , with hollow stems. The leaves grow up to long; they are finely dissected, with the ultimate segments filiform (threadlike), about wide. (Its leaves are similar to those of dill, but thinner.) The flowers are produced in terminal compound umbels wide, each umbel section having 20–50 tiny yellow flowers on short pedicels. The fruit is a dry seed from long, half as wide or less, and"
"Furaneol Furaneol, or strawberry furanone, is an organic compound used in the flavor and perfume industry. It is formally a derivative of furan. It is a white or colorless solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Although malodorous at high concentrations, it exhibits a sweet strawberry aroma when dilute. It is found in strawberries and a variety of other fruits and it is partly responsible for the smell of fresh pineapple. It is also important for odour of buckwheat, and tomato. Furaneol has two enantiomers, (""R"")-(+)-furaneol and (""S"")-(−)-furaneol. The (""R"")-form is mainly responsible for the smell. It is"
"pungent taste, with a flavor similar to anise and oregano. They smell almost exactly like thyme because they also contain thymol, but they are more aromatic and less subtle in taste, as well as being somewhat bitter and pungent. Even a small number of fruits tends to dominate the flavor of a dish. The plant is mainly cultivated in Iran and India. Rajasthan produced about 55% of India's total output in 2006. The fruits are rarely eaten raw; they are commonly dry-roasted or fried in ghee (clarified butter). This allows the spice to develop a more subtle and complex aroma."
"its distinctive odour is sotolon, which also gives fenugreek seed and lovage their characteristic smells. It is present as well in molasses, aged sake and white wine, flor sherry, and roasted tobacco, as well as in maple syrup. Lactarius helvus Lactarius helvus, commonly known as fenugreek milkcap, is a member of the large milkcap genus ""Lactarius"" in the order Russulales. Fruiting bodies can be found in ""Sphagnum"" moss in coniferous and deciduous woodland in Europe, and possibly North America, although considerable debate continues about the North American variety, formerly referred to as ""Lactarius aquifluus"". Mushrooms are pale brown-grey or beige"
"fennel, melissa and anise in a neutral spirit of agricultural origin (usually, wine) in a copper alembic where the mixture was then distilled, to produce a transparent liquor. Part of the distillate was then steeped with additional herbs, such as hyssop and petite wormwood, to produce a green-colored fraction that was then filtered and reunited with the main part. The coloration process was done primarily to impart additional flavor and aroma to the absinthe, but the ensuing light olive tint also had the added benefit of enhancing its visual appeal. The colored distillate was then reduced in strength, with the"
"Fenugreek Fenugreek (; ""Trigonella foenum-graecum"") is an annual plant in the family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its seeds and its leaves are common ingredients in dishes from South and Central Asia. Fenugreek is believed to have been brought into cultivation in the Near East. While Zohary and Hopf are uncertain which wild strain of the genus ""Trigonella"" gave rise to domesticated fenugreek, charred fenugreek seeds have been recovered from Tell Halal, Iraq (carbon dated to 4000 BC), and Bronze Age levels of Lachish and desiccated"
"1-Phenylethanol 1-Phenylethanol is the chiral positional isomer of phenethyl alcohol. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent. 1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together with its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (""Camellia sinensis"") flowers. It is also reportedly present in cranberries, grapes, chives, Scottish spearmint oil, cheeses, cognac, rum, white wine, cocoa, black tea, filbert, cloudberries, beans, mushrooms, and endives. 1-Phenylethanol can be produced as a racemic mixture by the reduction of acetophenone by reducing agents like sodium borohydride or lithium aluminium hydride. Alternatively, benzaldehyde can be reacted with methylmagnesium chloride or similar organometallic compounds to"
"Farnell (cocktail) A Farnell is a cocktail made with Jack Daniel's whiskey or often with whiskey from the High West Distillery mixed with lemonade. The drink is usually served in an old-fashioned glass or a Collins glass with ice, and it is considered a lighter, less sweet alternative to a lynchburg lemonade. The drink was first served at the Jeremy Ranch Golf Club clubhouse in Park City, Utah, and its popularity is spreading east. The Farnell is designed to primarily be a summer drink, though the warm flavors of the whiskey mixed with the thirst-quenching properties of the lemonade and"
"Phenethyl alcohol Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group (CHCHCH) group attached to OH. It is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water (2 ml/100 ml HO), but miscible with most organic solvents. It occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils. It has a pleasant floral odor. Phenethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes. Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride. The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product."
"(""Ferula communis"") is a large, coarse plant, with a pungent aroma, which grows wild in the Mediterranean region and is only occasionally grown in gardens elsewhere. Other species of the genus ""Ferula"" are also commonly called giant fennel, but they are not culinary herbs. In North America, fennel may be found growing in the same habitat and alongside natives osha (""Ligusticum porteri"") and ""Lomatium"" species, useful medicinal relatives in the parsley family. Most ""Lomatium"" species have yellow flowers like fennel, but some are white flowered and resemble poison hemlock. ""Lomatium"" is an important historical food plant of Native Americans known"
"Sotolon Sotolon (also known as sotolone) is a lactone and an extremely powerful aroma compound, with the typical smell of fenugreek or curry at high concentrations and maple syrup, caramel, or burnt sugar at lower concentrations. Sotolon is the major aroma and flavor component of fenugreek seed and lovage, and is one of several aromatic and flavor components of artificial maple syrup. It is also present in molasses, aged rum, aged sake and white wine, flor sherry, roast tobacco, and dried fruiting bodies of the mushroom ""Lactarius helvus"". Sotolon can pass through the body relatively unchanged, and consumption of foods"
"has long been used as a painkiller. However, the generic name, ""Filipendula"", comes from ""filum"", meaning ""thread"" and ""pendulus"", meaning ""hanging"". This is said to describe the root tubers that hang characteristically on the genus, on fibrous roots. Meadowsweet is common throughout the British Isles in damp areas and is dominant in fens and wet woods. ""Juncus subnodulosus""-""Cirsium palustre"" fen-meadow and Purple moor grass and rush pastures BAP habitat plant associations of Western Europe consistently include this plant. The whole herb possesses a pleasant taste and flavour, the green parts having a similar aromatic character to the flowers, leading to"
"The main side product is diphenylethane, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene. Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords phenethyl alcohol. Phenethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide: Phenethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from -phenylalanine using immobilized yeast ""Saccharomyces cerevisiae"". Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca. It is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus ""Candida albicans It is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is"
"and Gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetales). In ferns, compounds such as kaempferol and its glucoside can be isolated from the methanolic extract of fronds of ""Phegopteris connectilis"" or kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, a known bitter-tasting flavonoid glycoside, can be isolated from the rhizomes of ""Selliguea feei"". Hypogallic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin and pikuroside can be isolated from the freshwater fern ""Salvinia molesta"". In conifers (Pinophyta), phenolics are stored in polyphenolic parenchyma cells, a tissue abundant in the phloem of all conifers. The aquatic plant ""Myriophyllum spicatum"" produces ellagic, gallic and pyrogallic acids and (+)-catechin. Alkylresorcinols can be found in cereals. 2,4-Bis(4-hydroxybenzyl) phenol"
"that better quality research would be required in order to draw conclusions. As of 2016, there was no high-quality evidence for whether fenugreek is safe and effective to relieve dysmenorrhea. Fenugreek Fenugreek (; ""Trigonella foenum-graecum"") is an annual plant in the family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets. It is cultivated worldwide as a semiarid crop. Its seeds and its leaves are common ingredients in dishes from South and Central Asia. Fenugreek is believed to have been brought into cultivation in the Near East. While Zohary and Hopf are uncertain which wild strain of the"
"such different scents because the herb has a number of different essential oils in different proportions for various cultivars. The essential oil from European basil contains high concentrations of linalool and methyl chavicol (estragole), in a ratio of about 3:1. Other constituents include: 1,8-cineole, eugenol, and myrcene, among others. The clove scent of sweet basil is derived from eugenol. The aroma profile of basil includes 1,8-cineole and methyl eugenol. Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars of the species ""Ocimum basilicum"", but other species are also grown and there are many hybrids between species. Traditionally a green plant, some varieties,"
"mask their taste. Its name derives from , the Italian name for fennel. Finocchiona's ingredients are chopped pork meat (generally cheek, shoulder, or belly), fennel seeds, red wine, salt, and pepper. It is fermented and then dried for not less than five months. Also, a variant, sbriciolona, is prepared with a coarser grind, and undergoes a shorter drying (not more than a month). This product has to be cut into larger slices than the typical finocchiona and is consumed using a fork and a knife because it tends to crumble. Finocchiona Finocchiona () is a salami variety, typical of Tuscany,"
"Eugenol Eugenol is a phenylpropene and an guaiacol. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoids class of chemical compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, basil and bay leaf. It is present in concentrations of 80–90% in clove bud oil and at 82–88% in clove leaf oil. Eugenol has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like odor. The name is derived from ""Eugenia caryophyllata"", a former scientific name for cloves. Eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and essential oils. It is also used as a local antiseptic and"
"and relatively high carbonation (approaching four volumes), considered important to balance the beer's relatively malty sweetness. Another balancing flavor note unique to Hefeweizen beer is its phenolic character; its signature phenol is 4-vinyl guaiacol, a metabolite of ferulic acid, the result of fermentation by top-fermenting yeast appropriate for the style. ""Hefeweizen""'s phenolic character has been described as ""clove"" and ""medicinal"" (""Band-aid"") but also smoky. Other more typical but less assertive flavour notes produced by Weißbier yeast include ""banana"" (amyl acetate), ""bubble gum"", and sometimes ""vanilla"" (vanillin). Weißbier is available in a number of other forms, including Dunkelweizen (dark wheat) and"
"Feni (liquor) Feni (sometimes spelled fenno or fenim) is a spirit produced in Goa, India and other southern Indian states. The two most popular types of feni are cashew feni and toddy palm feni, depending on the original ingredient; however, many other varieties are sold. The small-batch distillation of feni has a fundamental effect on its final character, which still retains some of the delicate aromatics, congeners and flavour elements of the juice from which it was produced. The word ""feni"" is derived from the Sanskrit word ""phena"" (""froth""); this is thought to be because of the bubbles that form"
"calcium, selenium, iron, magnesium and manganese. The essential oil from coriander leaves and seeds contains mixed polyphenols and terpenes, including linalool as the major constituent accounting for the aroma and flavor of coriander. Different people may perceive the taste of coriander leaves differently. Those who enjoy it say it has a refreshing, lemony or lime-like flavor, while those who dislike it have a strong aversion to its taste and smell, characterizing it as soapy or rotten. Studies also show variations in preference among different ethnic groups: 21% of East Asians, 17% of Caucasians, and 14% of people of African descent"
"garnishes led to its adoption by the Après-ski set. Lemonade is a popular mixer in many alcoholic beverages, particularly straight spirits. Lemonade is not as sweet as most sodas, which makes it less likely to interfere with the flavor of the spirit. The tartness of the lemon balances the rich flavors of the whiskey. Farnell (cocktail) A Farnell is a cocktail made with Jack Daniel's whiskey or often with whiskey from the High West Distillery mixed with lemonade. The drink is usually served in an old-fashioned glass or a Collins glass with ice, and it is considered a lighter, less"