"Pope Benedict XVI would resign as pope of the Catholic Church on February 28, at 8 pm Rome time (7pm GMT). The 85-year-old Pontiff said his strength was 'no longer adequate to continue in office due to his advanced age'. He also said: 'I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me', and that he was making the decision in 'full freedom' but was 'fully aware of the gravity of this gesture'. Joseph Ratzinger as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Joseph Ratzinger was named by Pope John Paul II"
"Georg Ratzinger (politician) Georg Ratzinger (April 3, 1844 in Rickering at Deggendorf – December 3, 1899 in Munich) was a German Catholic priest, political economist, social reformer, author and politician. He saw the gospel and Catholic social teaching as a means of empowering the poor. Ratzinger was a pupil at the gymnasium at Passau during the years 1855-63, studied theology at Munich, 1863–67, and was ordained priest in 1867. In 1868 he received the degree of Doctor of Theology at Munich. During the following years he devoted himself partly to pastoral, partly to journalistic work. In 1869 he was chaplain"
"his retirement, Benedict XVI has made occasional public appearances alongside Pope Francis. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was born on 16 April, Holy Saturday, 1927, at Schulstraße 11, at 8:30 in the morning in his parents' home in Marktl, Bavaria, Germany. He was baptised the same day. He is the third and youngest child of Joseph Ratzinger, Sr., a police officer, and Maria Ratzinger (née Peintner); his grand-uncle was the German priest-politician Georg Ratzinger. His mother's family was originally from South Tyrol (now in Italy). Pope Benedict's elder brother, Georg Ratzinger, is a Catholic priest and is the former director of the"
"Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published philosophical works including ""The Philosophy of Freedom"". At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy; other influences include Goethean science and Rosicrucianism. In the first, more philosophically oriented phase of this movement, Steiner attempted to find a synthesis between science and spirituality. His philosophical work"
"in 1993 and was made the college's vice-dean in 1998 and dean in 2002. Just a year after its foundation in 1990 Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger joined the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in Salzburg/Austria in 1991. Ratzinger defended and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine, including teaching on topics such as birth control, homosexuality and inter-religious dialogue. The theologian Leonardo Boff, for example, was suspended, while others such as Matthew Fox were censured. Other issues also prompted condemnations or revocations of rights to teach: for instance, some posthumous writings of Jesuit priest Anthony de Mello were the subject of a notification. Ratzinger"
"Rainer Werner Fassbinder Rainer Werner Fassbinder (; 31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982), sometimes credited as R. W. Fassbinder, was a West German filmmaker, actor, playwright, theatre director, composer, cinematographer, editor, and essayist. He is widely regarded as a prominent figure and catalyst of the New German Cinema movement. Success was not immediate for Fassbinder. His first feature length film, a gangster movie called ""Love Is Colder Than Death"" (1969), was met with mixed reviews at the Berlin Film Festival. His next piece, ""Katzelmacher"" (1969), was a minor critical success, garnering five prizes after its debut at Mannheim. In"
"the Earth"", Ratzinger says the following ""... Thank goodness, there was a very understanding mathematics teacher. He himself was a Nazi but an honest man, who said to me, 'Just go once and get the document so that we have it' ... When he saw that I simply didn't want to, he said, 'I understand, I'll take care of it', and so I was able to stay free of it."" After Joseph Ratzinger was elected pontiff in 2005, following the death of Pope John Paul II, a neighbor from Traunstein, Elizabeth Lohner, then 84 years old,was quoted in the 17"
"Regensburger Domspatzen choir. His sister, Maria Ratzinger, who never married, managed Cardinal Ratzinger's household until her death in 1991. At the age of five, Ratzinger was in a group of children who welcomed the visiting Cardinal Archbishop of Munich, Michael von Faulhaber, with flowers. Struck by the cardinal's distinctive garb, he announced later that day that he wanted to be a cardinal. He attended the elementary school in Aschau am Inn, which was renamed in his honour in 2009. Ratzinger's family, especially his father, bitterly resented the Nazis, and his father's opposition to Nazism resulted in demotions and harassment of"
"reports a revelation made by Cardinal Ratzinger at a conference in the Vatican on 28 November 1996: ""Ratzinger had a cousin with Down's Syndrome who in 1941 was 14 years old. This cousin was just a few months younger than Ratzinger and was taken away by the Nazi authorities for ""therapy"". Not long afterwards, the family received word that he was dead, presumably one of the 'undesirables' eliminated during that time."" His elder brother, Georg (born 1924) also became a priest. Their sister, Maria, managed Joseph's household until her death in 1991, fulfilling a promise she made to their parents"
"Albert Schweitzer Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 18754 September 1965) was an Alsatian theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. His contributions to the interpretation of Pauline Christianity concern the role of Paul's mysticism of ""being in Christ"" as primary and the doctrine of Justification by Faith as secondary. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of ""Reverence for Life"", becoming the eighth Frenchman to be awarded that prize. His"
"Alois Hitler Alois J. Hitler Sr. (born Alois Johann Schicklgruber; 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant and the father of German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler. Alois Hitler was born illegitimately, and his paternity was never established. This led to claims that his wife Klara (Adolf’s mother) may have been his cousin. It also meant that Adolf could not prove pure Aryan blood. When Alois was promoted in the Customs service, he applied to be legitimised in the name of his stepfather Hiedler, which was entered in the register as"
"welfare of the poor is an essential element of the Gospel. In the mid-1980s, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who later became Pope Benedict XVI, led the effort by the Holy See to stop liberation theology, which he viewed as a form of Marxism. In August 1984, shortly before the release of the official view of the Holy See, he strongly criticized several arguments of liberation theology in a private document to theologians leaked to the press. Ratzinger believed that liberation theologians contend that Christians must engage in a class struggle (in the Marxist sense) in the present to break down the"
"rest of Germany. Noteworthy differences (especially in rural areas, less significant in the major cities) can be found with respect to religion, traditions, and language. Bavarian culture (""Altbayern"") has a long and predominant tradition of Catholic faith. Pope emeritus Benedict XVI (Joseph Alois Ratzinger) was born in Marktl am Inn in Upper Bavaria and was Cardinal-Archbishop of Munich and Freising. Otherwise, the culturally Franconian and Swabian regions of the modern State of Bavaria are historically more diverse in religiosity, with both Catholic and Protestant traditions. In 1925, 70.0% of the Bavarian population was Catholic, 28.8% was Protestant, 0.7% was Jewish,"
"an elderly female relative of Alois Hitler's first wife, Anna, who has also given up any rights to the rented burial plot. The plot was covered in white gravel and a tree which has since been removed. It is not known whether the remains of Adolf Hitler's parents are still interred there. On screen, Alois has been portrayed by: Notes Bibliography Alois Hitler Alois J. Hitler Sr. (born Alois Johann Schicklgruber; 7 June 1837 – 3 January 1903) was an Austrian civil servant and the father of German dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler. Alois Hitler was"
"of Schweitzer's life include: Albert Schweitzer Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 18754 September 1965) was an Alsatian theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. His contributions to the interpretation of Pauline Christianity concern the role of Paul's mysticism of ""being in Christ"" as primary and the doctrine of Justification by Faith as secondary. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of ""Reverence for Life"", becoming the eighth Frenchman to be"
"Pope Benedict XVI Pope Benedict XVI (; ; ; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger; ; 16 April 1927) served as Pope of the Catholic Church and as sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2005 until his resignation in 2013. Benedict's election as pope occurred in the 2005 papal conclave that followed the death of Pope John Paul II. The Vatican announced his withdrawal by bestowing him the title Pope Emeritus shortly after his resignation. Ordained as a priest in 1951 in his native Bavaria, Ratzinger had established himself as a highly regarded university theologian by the late 1950s and was"
"it was known as ""The Word from Rome"". In addition to this column and occasional other pieces for ""NCR"", Allen's work as a journalist has appeared in the ""New York Times"", ""CNN"", ""NPR"", ""The Tablet"", ""Jesus"", ""Second Opinion"", ""The Nation"", the ""Miami Herald"", ""Die Furche"", and the ""Irish Examiner"". Allen has written several books. He is the author of two biographies of Pope Benedict XVI. The first was written before then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger became pope, the other after his election to the papacy. In 2000, Allen published ""Cardinal Ratzinger: The Vatican's Enforcer of the Faith"", the first biography of Ratzinger"
"Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (16 February 1801– 24 October 1871) was a German zoologist, botanist, entomologist, and forester. Ratzeburg was born in Berlin, the son of a professor at the veterinary school of the University of Berlin. He studied medicine and natural sciences in Berlin and was primarily interested in botany. He became a private lecturer at the University of Berlin in 1828, when he was in contact with Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt. Two years later, he became professor of natural history there at the invitation of Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Pfeil (1783-1859). He founded the"
"conclave that elected Joseph Ratzinger to succeed John Paul II. He died on 23 December 2007 in Porto Alegre, Brazil after a long hospitalization. He defended Leonardo Boff when that theologian was brought to heel by Joseph Ratzinger in the 1980s, and continued his strong social activism, being jailed briefly in 1993 as a result of participating in a protest against government policy. With the crackdown on dissent in the John Paul II papacy, especially after Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) became prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in 1981, Lorscheider found himself opposing brother"
"create outstanding conditions for young scientists at universities, and to strengthen some selected universities more than others in order to raise their international visibility. This self-conception is also of historical interest: from 1900 to 1929 members of the ""Studentenverbindungen"" in Tübingen already understood themselves as the German national elite (""Führer der Nation""). Every May until 2008, duelling fraternities of the ""Tübinger Waffenring"" organized a big torchlight procession and sang traditional German and Germanic songs in the old town (""Maieinsingen""), accompanied by huge anti-nationalistic counter-demonstrations of left-wing student groups. In 1969, the progressive political and theological climate alienated Joseph Ratzinger (who"
"of Italian German Romano Guardini who taught in Munich 1946 to 1951 when Ratzinger was studying in Freising and later at the University of Munich. The intellectual affinity between these two thinkers, who would later become decisive figures for the twentieth-century Church, was preoccupied with rediscovering the essential in Christianity. Guardini with his 1938 tome ""The Essence of Christianity,"" while Ratzinger penned ""Introduction to Christianity,"" three decades later in 1968. Guardini inspired many in the Catholic social-democratic tradition, particularly the Communion and Liberation movement in the ""New Evangelization"" encouraged under the papacy of Polish Pope John Paul II. At the"
"a patriarchal fiber with a social touch, although as a politician he was definitely right wing. Josef Gunzinger is one of the leading figures of the twentieth century flourishing watch industry, whose exemplary-worth values went far beyond Welschenrohr, where he had been for so long the ""king of the village"". Joseph Gunzinger Josef Gunzinger was born in Welschenrohr, Solothurn, Switzerland on March 23, 1892, and died on May 1, 1970 in Heiligenschwendi. He was made in 1962 ""citizen of honor"" of the town of his birth. Son of Melchior Gunzinger, watchmaker, and Elizabeth Allemann. Married 1920 to Rosalia Allemann, household"
"Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and Pan-German revolutionary. He was leader of the Nazi Party (""Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei""; NSDAP), and rose to power in Germany as Chancellor in 1933 and Führer (""Leader"") in 1934. During his dictatorship from 1933 to 1945, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland in September 1939. He closely supervised military operations during the war and by December 1941 had full control of all strategic decisions, especially on the Eastern Front. He was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust. Hitler"
"to take care of her brothers. She never married. Their great uncle Georg Ratzinger was a priest and member of the Reichstag, as the German Parliament was then called. According to his cousin Erika Kopper, Ratzinger had no desire from childhood to be anything other than a priest. At the age of 15, she says, he announced that he was going to be a bishop, whereupon she playfully remarked: ""And why not Pope?"". An even earlier incident occurred in 1932, when Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich, visited the small town in which the Ratzinger family lived, arriving in"
"Otto Ernst Remer Otto-Ernst Remer (18 August 1912 – 4 October 1997) was a German Wehrmacht officer who played a decisive role in stopping the 20 July plot in 1944 against Adolf Hitler. During World War II, he was wounded nine times in combat. After the war, he cofounded the ""Sozialistische Reichspartei"" (SRP) and advanced Holocaust denial. He is considered the ""Godfather"" of the postwar Nazi underground. Born in 1912, Remer attended a military academy and was commissioned as an officer in 1932, at the age of 20. He took part in the invasion of Poland in 1939, the Balkans"
". In 1930 Kayser wrote a biography of his father-in-law, Albert Einstein, under the pseudonym ""Anton Reiser"". Rudolf Kayser was married to Ilse (1897–1934), the stepdaughter of Albert Einstein. In 1935 he emigrated to New York and became professor of German and European literature at Brandeis University. In 1936, he married Eva Urgiss, daughter of German screenwriter and film critic Julius Urgiß. His estate is kept in the Israel National Library. Rudolf Kayser Rudolf Kayser (* 28 November 1889 in Parchim; † 5 February 1964 in New York City) was a German literary historian. Rudolf Kayser studied literature and received"
"Introduction to Christianity Introduction to Christianity () is a 1968 book written by Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI). Considered one of his most important and widely read books, it presents a ""narrative Christology"" that demonstrates the place for faith is in the Church. The book offers a ""remarkable elucidation of the Apostle's Creed"" and gives an ""excellent, modern interpretation of the foundations of Christianity"". Originally published in German in 1968 under the title, ""Einführung in das Christentum"", Ratzinger restates the Apostles' Creed and the meaning of this foundational text in language that has a greater contemporary resonance than the"
"A report in 2017 faulted Ratzinger ""in particular for 'looking away' or for failing to intervene"" and also stated that, ""with a high degree of plausibility"", between the years 1945 and 1992, 547 boys were victims of physical or sexual abuse, or both. Ratzinger retired from his position as director of the choir in 1994 and has been a canon in Regensburg since 25 January 2009. In 2005, during a visit to his brother in Rome, symptoms of heart failure and arrhythmia led to a brief admission at the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic. On 29 June 2011 Ratzinger celebrated sixty"
"Marktl Marktl, or often unofficially called Marktl am Inn (""Little market on the river Inn""), is a village and historic market municipality in the state of Bavaria, Germany, near the Austrian border, in the Altötting district of Upper Bavaria. The most notable neighbouring town is Altötting. Marktl has approximately 2,700 inhabitants. Marktl is the birthplace of Pope Benedict XVI (previously Cardinal Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger), who succeeded Pope John Paul II as the 265th head of the Roman Catholic Church. In 2013 he abdicated and was succeeded by Pope Francis. Marktl's coat of arms features a ship's hook and caper measure"
"George Ritzer George Ritzer (born October 14, 1940) is an American sociologist, professor, and author who studies globalization, metatheory, patterns of consumption, and modern and postmodern social theory. His most notable contribution to date is his concept of McDonaldization, which draws upon Max Weber's idea of rationalization through the lens of the fast food industry. In addition to creating his own theories, Ritzer has also written many general sociology books, including ""Introduction to Sociology"" (2012) as well as ""Essentials to Sociology"" (2014), and modern and postmodern social theory textbooks. Currently, Ritzer is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Maryland,"
"Alois, succeeded as prior after his predecessor's death in 2005. The Taizé Community was founded by Brother Roger (Roger Schütz) in 1940. He pondered what it really meant to live a life according to the Scriptures and began a quest for a different expression of the Christian life. A year after this decision, Schütz reflected: Because his native Switzerland was neutral and thus less affected by the war, Schütz felt as if France would be ideal for his vision, seeing it as a ""land of poverty, a land of wartime suffering, but a land of inner freedom."" He eventually settled"
"""Neue Classification der Reptilien"", based partly on the work of his friends Friedrich Wilhelm Hemprich and Heinrich Boie. In 1843 he published ""Systema Reptilium"", covering geckos, chameleons and iguanas. Fitzinger is commemorated in the scientific names of five reptiles: ""Algyroides fitzingeri"", ""Leptotyphlops fitzingeri"", ""Liolaemus fitzingerii"", ""Micrurus tener fitzingeri"", and ""oxyrhopus fitzingeri"". Works Leopold Fitzinger Leopold Joseph Franz Johann Fitzinger (13 April 1802 – 20 September 1884) was an Austrian zoologist. Fitzinger was born in Vienna and studied botany at the University of Vienna under Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. He worked at the Vienna Naturhistorisches Museum between 1817, when he joined"
"papal teachings of Benedict XVI, the Ratzinger theology is often cited. While there are likely to be many similarities between the teachings of Benedict and Ratzinger, the theology of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger has been somewhat unusual because of his ""watchdog"" office, which required him to address a larger variety of issues. Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger was much on his own, since he had only a small staff at the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Young Ratzinger was something of a ""rebel"", who early on discarded the Thomism of his professors and much of the dominant traditional school theology. He"