"mean of 3 days."" The virus responsible for the initial outbreak, first thought to be Marburg virus, was later identified as a new type of virus related to marburgviruses. Virus strain samples isolated from both outbreaks were named ""Ebola virus"" after the Ebola River, near the first-identified viral outbreak site in Zaire. Reports conflict about who initially coined the name: either Karl Johnson of the American CDC team or Belgian researchers. Subsequently, a number of other cases were reported, almost all centered on the Yambuku mission hospital or close contacts of another case. In all, 318 cases and 280 deaths"
"time, a third team introduced the name ""Ebola virus"", derived from the Ebola River where the 1976 outbreak occurred. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) identifies Ebola virus as species ""Zaire ebolavirus"", which is included into the genus ""Ebolavirus"", family ""Filoviridae"", order ""Mononegavirales"". The name ""Ebola virus"" is derived from the Ebola River—a river that was at first thought to be in close proximity to the area in Democratic Republic of Congo, previously called Zaire, where the 1976 Zaire Ebola virus outbreak occurred—and the taxonomic suffix ""virus"". In 2000, the virus name was changed to Zaire Ebola virus,"
"Overseas Research Service, at the East African Virus Research Institute in Entebbe, Uganda. Woodall and two colleagues first isolated a virus they called the Congo virus, which was later identified as identical to a virus isolated by Soviet scientists in Crimea. The Soviets did not publish their findings until after the group in Africa. The disease was officially named the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus at the insistence of the Soviets, despite violation of the principle of priority of publication, an event that Woodall noted was maybe the only instance of viral nomenclature overruled by politics and the Cold War. At"
"named for the Ebola River, which runs as a tributary of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the Zaire strain was first identified in 1976 in Yambuku. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has established treatment centers in Bikoro, Ikoko and Wangata. WHO sent an expert team to Bikoro on 8 May, and on 13 May, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus visited the town. , WHO had sent 138 technical personnel to the three affected areas; the Red Cross has sent more than 150 people, and UNICEF personnel are also active. Other international agencies sending teams include the"
"it after the river so that the town would not be associated with the disease's stigma. Thus, the river is eponymous to the terms Ebola virus, ""Ebolavirus"", and Ebola virus disease (usually referred to as simply ""Ebola""). Ebola River The Ebola River, also commonly known by its indigenous name Legbala, is the headstream of the Mongala River, a tributary of the Congo River, in northern Democratic Republic of the Congo It is roughly 250 km in length. The name Ebola is a French corruption of Legbala, its name in the Ngbandi language which means ""white water"". During the Belgian administration"
"virus had first been isolated by physician Ghislaine Courtois, head of the Provincial Medical Laboratory, Stanleyville, in the Belgian Congo. Strain V3010, isolated by Courtois, was sent to the Rockefeller Foundation Virus Laboratory (RFVL) in New York City and found to be identical to another strain from Uganda, but to no other named virus at that time. In June 1967, Soviet virologist Mikhail Chumakov registered an isolate from a fatal case that occurred in Samarkand in the Catalogue of Arthropod-borne Viruses. In 1969, the Russian strain, which Chumakov had sent to the RFVL, was published to be identical to the"
"by these two Central African diseases, Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease, Preston described a 1989 incident in which a relative of Ebola virus, named Reston virus, was discovered at a primate quarantine facility in Reston, Virginia, less than 15 miles (24 km) away from Washington, D.C. The virus found at the facility was a mutated form of the original Ebola virus and was initially mistaken for Simian hemorrhagic fever. The original Reston facility involved in the incident, located at 1946 Isaac Newton Square, was subsequently demolished on 30 May 1995, and a new building was constructed in its"
"(an 88% fatality rate) occurred in Zaire. Although the two outbreaks were at first believed connected, scientists later realized that they were caused by two distinct ebolaviruses, SUDV and EBOV. The Zaire outbreak was contained with the help of the World Health Organization and transport from the Congolese air force, by quarantining villagers, sterilizing medical equipment, and providing protective clothing. The second major outbreak occurred in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) in 1995, affecting 315 and killing 254. In 2000, Uganda had an outbreak infecting 425 and killing 224; in this case, the Sudan virus was found"
"well as treating symptoms. The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks: one in Nzara (a town in South Sudan) and the other in Yambuku (Democratic Republic of the Congo), a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak to date was the epidemic in West Africa, which occurred from December 2013 to January 2016 with cases and deaths. It was declared no"
"to Germany. France, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom received two patients (and five who were exposed). In August 2014, the WHO reported an outbreak of Ebola virus in the Boende District, part of the northern Équateur province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where 13 people were reported to have died of Ebola-like symptoms. Genetic sequencing revealed that this outbreak was caused by the Zaire Ebola species, which is indigenous to the DRC; there have been seven previous Ebola outbreaks in the country since 1976. The virology results and epidemiological findings indicated no connection"
"the investigation is ongoing. Results from virus sequencing of samples from the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo have shown that the virus is the Zaire species in a lineage most closely related to a virus from the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Kikwit. The Zaire species of the virus is indigenous to the area. When the outbreak was first reported there were fears that an ongoing epidemic in West Africa may have spread to the DRC, however results from virus characterization, together with findings from the epidemiological investigation, showed that the outbreak in DRC is a distinct and"
"83% of simulated scenarios predict no further cases in the next 30 days."" According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ""Ebola ... is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Ebola can cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees)."" Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in the DRC. More than 11,300 people died in the 2013 to 2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. According to the WHO's ""Global Health Observatory"", the DRC's population in 2015 was 77,267,000. On 1 July 2017,"
"had been confirmed in the Wangata district of Mbandaka city, the capital of Équateur province, about 100 miles north of Bikoro. Mbandaka is a busy, densely populated port on the Congo River with a population of 1.2 million, so there would be a high risk of contagion. The following day, the WHO raised the health risk in DRC to ""very high"" due to the presence of the virus in an urban area. The DRC government was particularly concerned about the virus spreading by boat transport along the Congo between Mbandaka and the capital, Kinshasa. The WHO also considered that there"
"first introduced as a new ""strain"" of Ebola virus in 1995. In 2000, it received the designation Côte d'Ivoire Ebola virus, and in 2002 the name was changed to Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus. (both times misspelling ""Côte""). Other names circulating in the literature were the correct Côte d'Ivoire Ebola virus and Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus, and the jargon terms Ivory Coast Ebola virus and Ivory Coast ebolavirus. Previous abbreviations for the virus were EBOV-CI (for Ebola virus Côte d'Ivoire or Ebola virus Côte d'Ivoire), EBOV-IC (for Ebola virus Ivory Coast), ICEBOV (for Ivory Coast Ebola virus or Ivory Coast ebolavirus) and most"
"Yambuku Yambuku is a small village in Mongala Province in northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, best known as the center of the 1976 Ebola outbreak. It is northeast of the capital city of Kinshasa. The village has no running water or electricity. There is a hospital, but it has no radio, phone, or ambulances, and communication is done by motorbike messenger. The 1976 outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Zaire began in late August. It was the second outbreak of Ebola, occurring shortly after the earlier 1976 outbreak in Sudan, and was the first known outbreak of Ebola. In"
"for the first time, the 2018 Équateur province Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with 3,481 people vaccinated. From the beginning of the outbreak, there existed considerable difficulty in getting reliable estimates—both of the number of people affected and of its geographical extent. The three most affected countries—Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone—are among the poorest in the world, with extremely low levels of literacy, few hospitals or doctors, low-quality physical infrastructure, and weakly functioning government institutions. One study yielded results of the spatio-temporal evolution of the viral outbreak. With the use of heat maps, it was"
"Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), the location of the 1976 outbreak, and the taxonomic suffix ""-virus"" (denoting a viral genus). This genus was introduced in 1998 as the ""Ebola-like viruses"". In 2002, the name was changed to ""Ebolavirus"" and in 2010, the genus was emended. Ebolaviruses are closely related to marburgviruses. Researchers have now found evidence of Ebola infection in three species of fruit bat. The bats show no symptoms of the disease, indicating that they may be the main natural reservoirs of the Ebolavirus. It is possible that there are other reservoirs and vectors. Understanding where"
"the disease. On 11 March 2015, a UK military worker tested positive for Ebola and was flown home for treatment at Royal Free Hospital in London. On 17 March, it was reported that another UK worker had been sent back to the United Kingdom from Sierra Leone due to fear of having contracted the virus. Corporal Anna Cross, the UK military worker tested positive for Ebola, was the first person in the world to be treated with the experimental Ebola drug MIL 77 and was released from hospital after making a full recovery. Cross contracted the disease in Sierra Leone"
"and died on 6 July. Although the WHO medical staff involved in the Sudan outbreak knew that they were dealing with a heretofore unknown disease, the actual ""positive identification"" process and the naming of the virus did not occur until some months later in Zaire. On 26 August 1976, a second outbreak of EVD began in Yambuku, a small rural village in Mongala District in northern Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo). This outbreak was caused by EBOV, formerly designated ""Zaire ebolavirus"", a different member of the genus ""Ebolavirus"" than in the first Sudan outbreak. The"
"work for the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases as the Program Director of Hazardous Viruses. He has also served as an adjunct professor of Medicine and biology at the University of New Mexico, where his energy is focused on hantaviral disease and ecology. Johnson is coined with naming the Ebola virus. In an attempt to avoid stigmatization of communities, he sought alternate names that would give geographical relations, but not directly after specific communities. He named the Ebola virus after a nearby river of the Yambuku community in Northern Zaire, in which the virus was originally"
"the genus ""Ebolavirus"". Of the four disease-causing viruses, Ebola virus (formerly and often still called the Zaire virus) is the most dangerous and is the species responsible for the epidemic in West Africa. Since the discovery of the viruses in 1976, when outbreaks occurred in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (then called Zaire), Ebola virus disease had been confined to areas in Central Africa, where it is endemic. With the current outbreak, it was initially thought that a new species endemic to Guinea might be the cause, rather than being imported from Central to West Africa. However, further"
"is attempting to obtain and review Rwanda's public health rationale and relevant scientific information for implementing these measures. The sub-type ""Zaire ebolavirus"" has been confirmed in the current outbreak, from the family Filoviridae. It is a single stranded RNA virus, with a 60-90 percent mortality rate (the highest among the strains). An unusually high mortality has been reported in the local pig population. An investigation into potential causes is being considered. Multiple documented outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in the DRC, with the first being the 1976 outbreak. The virus took its name from the Ebola River near"
"Xinhua report, it is the only officially authorized and approved Ebola vaccine for clinical use to date. Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea An epidemic of Ebola virus disease in Guinea represents the first ever outbreak of Ebola in a West African country. Previous outbreaks have been confined to several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The epidemic, which began with the death of a two-year-old boy in 2013, is now part of a larger Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa which has spread through Guinea and the neighboring countries of Liberia and Sierra Leone, with minor outbreaks occurring in Senegal, Nigeria, and"
"Ebola virus Ebola virus (; EBOV, formerly designated Zaire ebolavirus) is one of five known viruses within the genus ""Ebolavirus"". Four of the five known ebolaviruses, including EBOV, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as Ebola virus disease (EVD). Ebola virus has caused the majority of human deaths from EVD, and is the cause of the 2013–2015 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, which resulted in at least suspected cases and confirmed deaths. Ebola virus and its genus were both originally named for Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo), the country"
"where it was first described, and was at first suspected to be a new ""strain"" of the closely related Marburg virus. The virus was renamed ""Ebola virus"" in 2010 to avoid confusion. Ebola virus is the single member of the species ""Zaire ebolavirus"", which is the type species for the genus ""Ebolavirus"", family ""Filoviridae"", order ""Mononegavirales"". The natural reservoir of Ebola virus is believed to be bats, particularly fruit bats, and it is primarily transmitted between humans and from animals to humans through body fluids. The EBOV genome is a single-stranded RNA approximately 19,000 nucleotides long. It encodes seven structural"
"events in local time because of the International Dateline. Uganda The Zika virus is first isolated in 1947 in a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest near Entebbe, Uganda, and first recovered from a Aedes africanus mosquito in 1948. Serological evidence indicates additional human exposure and/or presence in some mosquito species between 1951 and 1981 in parts of Africa (Uganda and Tanzania having the first detection of antibody in humans, in 1952, followed by isolation of the virus from a young girl in Nigeria in 1954 during an outbreak of jaundice, and experimental infection in a human volunteer in 1956."
"a remote area of Guinea, but was not recognized until March 2014. For several months the epidemic was spreading. This is something that public health experts in the affected locations, such as Medecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), claimed was due to a deeply flawed and delayed response by health and government officials. In an interview later in 2015, once Ebola had largely been brought under control, Dr Nabarro said that when he started working on Ebola in 2014, he ‘was aware that we were in the middle of a disease outbreak of enormous proportions. The number of people getting"
"At the time it was discovered, it was thought that Ebola virus is not endemic to Sierra Leone or to the West Africa region and this epidemic represents the first time the virus has been discovered there. However, some samples taken for Lassa fever testing turned out to be Ebola virus disease when re-tested for Ebola in 2014, showing that Ebola had been in Sierra Leone as early as 2006. In 2014 it was discovered that samples of suspected Lassa fever showed evidence of the Zaire strain of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone as early as 2006. Prior to the"
"for Disease Control (CDC) subsequently the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, led to field work in Africa and Korea, where he established the first completely suited Level-4 laboratory of “special pathogens” for the safe study of viruses capable of infection by the respiratory route. While at the CDC, Johnson’s team isolated and named Ebola virus in Zaire and was instrumental in the discovery of Hantaan virus in Korea, as well as serving as Chief of the Special Pathogens Branch, Virology Division. He has heavily contributed to the tropical virology field. In 1981, he left the CDC to"
"treated Ebola patients in West Africa, himself tested positive for the virus. This case, however, had no relation to those originating from Thomas Eric Duncan—he recovered and was released from hospital on 11 November. A number of people who had become infected with Ebola were medically evacuated for treatment in isolation wards in Europe or the US. They were mostly health workers with one of the NGOs in West Africa. With the exception of a single isolated case in Spain, no secondary infections occurred as a result of the medical evacuations. The US accepted four evacuees and three were flown"
"studies have shown that the outbreak was likely caused by an Ebola virus lineage that spread from Central Africa via an animal host within the last decade, with the first viral transfer to humans in Guinea. In a study done by Tulane University, the Broad Institute and Harvard University, in partnership with the Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, researchers provided information about the origin and transmission of the Ebola virus that set the West African outbreak apart from previous ones, including 341 genetic changes in the virion. Five members of the research team became ill and died from"
"around the towns of Isiro and Viadana. In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Genome-sequencing has shown that this outbreak was not related to the 2014–15 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak, but was the same EBOV species, the Zaire species. It began in August 2014 and was declared over in November of that year with a total of 66 cases and 49 deaths. This is the 7th outbreak in the DRC, three of which occurred during the period when the country was known as Zaire. In March 2014, the World"
"measures, adapted to the local context—adapted to the cultural practices in a specific area,"" said Vincent Martin, FAO's representative in Senegal. Denial in some affected countries also made containment efforts difficult. Language barriers and the appearance of medical teams in protective suits sometimes increased fears of the virus. In Liberia, a mob attacked an Ebola isolation centre, stealing equipment and ""freeing"" patients while shouting ""There's no Ebola."" Red Cross staff were forced to suspend operations in southeast Guinea after they were threatened by a group of men armed with knives. In September, in the town of Womey in Guinea, suspicious"