"Grand Mufti The Grand Mufti ( ', ""general expounder"" or ', ""the great of expounders"") is the highest official of religious law in a Sunni or Ibadi Muslim country. The Grand Mufti issues legal opinions and edicts, fatwas, and interpretations of Islamic jurisprudence for private clients or to assist judges in deciding cases. The collected opinions of the Grand Mufti serve as a valuable source of information on the practical application of Islamic law as opposed to its abstract formulation. The Grand Mufti's fatāwā (plural of ""fatwā"") are non-binding precedents in areas of civil laws regulating marriage, divorce, and inheritance."
"very determined student. After reciting the Qur'an at his father's shop and receiving criticism for it, he sought to perfect his work and studied vigorously under several well-known scholars. After much hard work, he received four degrees of authorization. In Islamic law, a mufti is one who determines what is right and wrong thing to do in a legal situation or conflict. The general rules for the decision making are that one must first base his answer on what the Prophet did and the Qur'an, then on what the head of their particular school of law did, then on their"
"the college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of ""determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity """", presented to a jurisconsult, called ""mufti"", soliciting from him a response, called ""fatwa"", a legal opinion (the religious law of Islam covers civil as well as religious matters). The ""mufti"" (professor of legal opinions) took this question, studied it, researched it intensively in the sacred scriptures, in order to find a solution to it. This process of scholarly research was called """", literally, the exertion of one's efforts to"
"virtue to perform both duties on a regular basis, and to instruct the congregation in the basics of Islam. The title ""hafiz"" (lit. ""preserver"") is awarded to one who has memorized the entire Qur'an, often by attending a special course for the purpose; the ""imam khatib"" of a mosque is frequently (though not always) a ""hafiz."" There are several specialist offices pertaining to the study and administration of Islamic law or ""shari`ah."" A scholar with a specialty in ""fiqh"" or jurisprudence is known as a ""faqih"". A ""qadi"" is a judge in an Islamic court. A ""mufti"" is a scholar"
"Faqeeh A Faqeeh (plural ""Fuqahā"", ) is an ""Islamic jurist"", an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law. Islamic jurisprudence or fiqh is the human understanding of the Sharia (believed by Muslims to represent divine law as revealed in the Quran and the ""Sunnah"" (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad)) —sharia expanded and developed by interpretation (""ijtihad"") of the Quran and ""Sunnah"" by Islamic jurists (""Ulema"") and implemented by the rulings (""Fatwa"") of jurists on questions presented to them. ""Fiqh"" deals with the observance of rituals, morals and social legislation in Islam. In the modern"
"such lawyers. All ""mujtahid"" exercise at the same time the powers of a ""mufti"" and can give ""fatwa"". Some ""mujtahid"" have claimed to be ""muj̲addid"", or ""renewer of religion."" Such persons are thought to appear in every century. In Shi'ite Islam they are regarded as the spokespersons of the hidden Imam. The term urf, meaning ""to know"", refers to the customs and practices of a given society. Although this was not formally included in Islamic law, the sharia recognizes customs that prevailed at the time of Muhammad but were not abrogated by the Qur'an or the tradition (called ""Divine silence"")."
"the Muslim religious establishment. In Islam, the term muftī is largely restricted to Sunnism, and has both a formal and informal use, the former for state-appointed officials who gave rulings on matters concerning the state or the public, the latter for individuals who respond to their followers or to others. In Shiaism, fatwa is also used. There personal devotion to specific clergy is mandatory for believers. High-ranking members of the ulama class achieve the status of marjaʿ al-taqlīd (pl. marājiʿ), that is, ""the point to which imitation returns"": in other words, they pronounce on religious matters, especially legal ones, and"
"has never been rescinded."" Fatwa A fatwā (; ; plural fatāwā ) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Sharia. The person who issues a fatwā is called, in that respect, a ""mufti"", i.e. an issuer of fatwā, from the verb أَفْتَى ""<nowiki>'</nowiki>aftā"" = ""he gave a formal legal opinion on"". This is not necessarily a formal position since most Muslims argue that anyone trained in Islamic law may give an opinion (fatwā) on its teachings. If"
"a mujtahid may be an expert in one particular area of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and exercise ijtihad therein, but follow a marjaʿ in other areas of fiqh. Several senior Grand Ayatollahs preside over ""hawza""s, religious seminaries. The ""hawza""s of Qom and Najaf are the preeminent seminary centers for the training of Shia clergymen. However, there are other smaller ""hawza""s in other cities around the world, such as Karbala in Iraq, and Isfahan and Mashhad in Iran. There are 86 Maraji living worldwide as of 2017, mainly in Najaf and Qom. The most prominent and popular of these include Ali Khamenai"
"experts (not covered by the provisions of modern civil law), or to give moral authority to a given interpretation of a rule. In nations where Islamic law is not the basis of law (as is the case in various Asian and African countries), different mujtahids can issue contradictory fatāwā. In such cases, Muslims would typically honour the fatwā deriving from the leadership of their religious tradition. For example, Sunni Muslims would favor a Sunni fatwā whereas Shiites would follow a Shi'a one. There exists no international Islamic authority to settle fiqh issues today, in a legislative sense. The closest such"
"any official capacity, but as a private mufti issuing a legal opinion on request. In theory, any competent Islamic jurist could issue a fatwa, although normally it carries less weight than ones from an official mufti. He is best known for the ""responsum fatwa"" commonly named by modern scholar as the Oran fatwa. The name ""Oran fatwa"" itself was given by modern scholars due to the name ""al-Wahrani"" (""of Oran"") that appeared in the text as part of his name. The fatwa instructed the Muslims in Spain about how to secretly practice Islam, and granted comprehensive dispensations for them to"
"whether sharia is compatible with secular forms of government, human rights, freedom of thought, and women's rights. Islam, like Judaism, has no clergy in the sacerdotal sense, such as priests who mediate between God and people. However, there are many terms in Islam to refer to religiously sanctioned positions of Islam. In the broadest sense, the term ""ulema"" () is used to describe the body of Muslim scholars who have completed several years of training and study of Islamic sciences. A jurist who interprets Islamic law is called a mufti () and often issues judicial opinions, called fatwas. A scholar"
"Fatwa A fatwā (; ; plural fatāwā ) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Sharia. The person who issues a fatwā is called, in that respect, a ""mufti"", i.e. an issuer of fatwā, from the verb أَفْتَى ""<nowiki>'</nowiki>aftā"" = ""he gave a formal legal opinion on"". This is not necessarily a formal position since most Muslims argue that anyone trained in Islamic law may give an opinion (fatwā) on its teachings. If a fatwā does not"
"to profess independent opinion on a subject (same as ""fatwa""). According to him, this was the highest level of academic credentials in classical Islamic academic tradition, above ""mudarris"" (doctor meaning teacher), and ""faqih"" (meaning Master)--a hierarchy later adopted in Western academic tradition. The process to become a mufti is not standardized, and varies from country to country and sect to sect. In addition, Muftis, as interpreters of religious law, often issue differing and conflicting fatwas. A Sydney Mufti compared unveiled women to ""uncovered meat,"" though the Islamic body of the area attempted to disavow his statements. He has since gained"
"ability of legal deduction can be achieved in specified areas, and does not require a holistic grasp of the Shariah and its entailing Laws and legal theory. Faqeeh A Faqeeh (plural ""Fuqahā"", ) is an ""Islamic jurist"", an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law. Islamic jurisprudence or fiqh is the human understanding of the Sharia (believed by Muslims to represent divine law as revealed in the Quran and the ""Sunnah"" (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad)) —sharia expanded and developed by interpretation (""ijtihad"") of the Quran and ""Sunnah"" by Islamic jurists (""Ulema"") and implemented"
"faqīh""). Osama Bin Laden supported ""ijtihad"". He criticized the Saudi regime for disallowing the ""free believer"" and imposing harsh restrictions on successful practice of Islam. Thus, Bin Laden believed his striving for the implementation of ""ijtihad"" was his ""duty"" (""takleef""). A ""mujtahid"" (, ""diligent"") is an individual who is qualified to exercise ""ijtihad"" in the evaluation of Islamic law. The female equivalent is a ""mujtahida"". In general ""mujtahids"" must have an extensive knowledge of Arabic, the Qur'an, the Sunnah, and legal theory (Usul al-fiqh). Sunni Islam and Shi'i Islam, due to their divergent beliefs regarding the persistence of divine authority,"
"and he is Murshide Tariqat Silsila Nakshbandiya Mujaddidiya, Chishtiya, Qadriya and Sohr-wardiya. He has written several books on Islamic teachings. Mukarram Ahmad Mufti Mukarram Ahmed is an Indian Muslim religious and literary scholar. Ahmad is the Imam and Khateeb (Prayer leader and main speaker) of Shahi Masjid Fatehpuri Mosque, India's second largest mosque. Mufti Mukarram subscribes to the Barelvi school of Sunni Islam which is adhered to by a vast majority of Indian as well as Pakistani Muslims in the sub-continent. He is a scholar of Arabic, Urdu, Persian, English and Hindi, who represents Muslims (Ahle Sunnat) on issues such"
"Ahmed al Haddad Dr. Ahmed al Haddad () is the Grand Mufti of Dubai, United Arab Emirates . In his capacity, Haddad is a qualified religious cleric, Imam and jurist who is entitled as the country's most senior Islamic scholar. He serves as the head of Dubai's fatwa department and is primarily responsible for the regulation, edictment and issuing out of all decisions concerning Islamic law and order in the emirate. In 2009, Haddad declared that women reserved the authority under Islamic law to hand out and pass fatwas. According to him, ""Women who have sufficient knowledge of Islamic teachings"
"teachings of a thinker (""mujtahid"") or jurist (""faqih""). As of the 19th century the Shia ""ulama"" taught believers to turn to ""a source of ""taqlid"""" (""marja' at-taqlid"") ""for advice and guidance and as a model to be imitated."" Thus Shia who are not experts in Islamic jurisprudence (""fiqh"") are ""legally required to follow the instructions of the expert, i.e., the ""mujtahid"""" in matters of ""sharia"", but are forbidden to do so in ""matters of belief"" (""usulu 'd-din""). Taqlid Taqlid or taqleed (Arabic تَقْليد ""taqlīd"") is an Islamic terminology denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another. The"
"Ali Gomaa Ali Gomaa (, Egyptian Arabic: ) is an Egyptian Islamic scholar, jurist, and public figure. He specializes in Islamic Legal Theory. He follows the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence and the Ash'ari school of tenets of faith. Gomaa is a Sufi. He served as the eighteenth Grand Mufti of Egypt (2003–2013) through Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah succeeding Ahmed el-Tayeb. He is one of the internationally most respected Islamic jurists according to a 2008 ""U.S. News & World Report"" report and ""The National"" and ""a highly promoted champion of moderate Islam,"" gender equality, and an ""object of hatred among Islamists"""
"Fiqh Fiqh (; ) is Islamic jurisprudence. ""Fiqh"" is often described as the human understanding of the ""sharia,"" that is human understanding of the divine Islamic law as revealed in the Quran and the ""Sunnah"" (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad). Fiqh expands and develops Shariah through interpretation (""ijtihad"") of the Quran and ""Sunnah"" by Islamic jurists (""ulama"") and is implemented by the rulings (""fatwa"") of jurists on questions presented to them. Thus, whereas ""sharia"" is considered immutable and infallible by Muslims, ""fiqh"" is considered fallible and changeable. ""Fiqh"" deals with the observance of rituals, morals and"
"Muhammad Shafi Deobandi Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (; , ""Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī""; 25 January 18976 October 1976), often referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was a Pakistani Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought. A Hanafi jurist and mufti, he was also an authority on shari'ah, hadith, ""tafsir"" (Qur'anic exegesis), and ""tasawwuf"" (Sufism). Born in Deoband, British India, he graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, where he later taught hadith and held the post of Chief Mufti. He resigned from the school in 1943 to devote his time to"
"is defined as a Muslim scholar that has met certain requirements including a strong knowledge of the Qur'an, Sunna, and Arabic, as well as a deep understanding of legal theory and the precedent; all of which allows them to be considered fully qualified to practice ""ijtihad"". Around the beginning of the 10th century, most Sunni jurists argued that all major matters of religious law had been settled, allowing for ""taqlid"" (تقليد), ""the established legal precedents and traditions,"" to take priority over ""ijtihād"" (اجتهاد). This move away from the practice of ""ijtihād"" was made by the Hanafī and Malikī law schools,"
"the ""ulama"", who issue generalized but highly influential legal opinions (""fatwas""). The Grand Mufti (currently, Abdul-Aziz Al ash-Sheikh) is the most senior member of the judicial establishment as well as being the highest religious authority in the country; his opinions are highly influential among the Saudi judiciary. The judiciary proper (that is, the body of ""qadis"") is composed of about 700 judges. ""Qadis"" generally have degrees in Sharia law from an Islamic university recognized by the Saudi government with, in many cases, a post-graduate qualification from the Institute of Higher Judiciary in Riyadh. The training received from such Sharia law"
"Pakistan that ran for ten years. Muhammad Shafi Deobandi Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (; , ""Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī""; 25 January 18976 October 1976), often referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was a Pakistani Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought. A Hanafi jurist and mufti, he was also an authority on shari'ah, hadith, ""tafsir"" (Qur'anic exegesis), and ""tasawwuf"" (Sufism). Born in Deoband, British India, he graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, where he later taught hadith and held the post of Chief Mufti. He resigned from the school in"
"alphabetical order: Ali Gomaa Ali Gomaa (, Egyptian Arabic: ) is an Egyptian Islamic scholar, jurist, and public figure. He specializes in Islamic Legal Theory. He follows the Shafi`i school of Islamic jurisprudence and the Ash'ari school of tenets of faith. Gomaa is a Sufi. He served as the eighteenth Grand Mufti of Egypt (2003–2013) through Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah succeeding Ahmed el-Tayeb. He is one of the internationally most respected Islamic jurists according to a 2008 ""U.S. News & World Report"" report and ""The National"" and ""a highly promoted champion of moderate Islam,"" gender equality, and an ""object of hatred"
"judgement will also be called by his Imam. And there is an Imam e Mubeen who encompasses the whole universe as per the teachings of the Holy Book. Noble Imperial Sheik is the title for the Grand Imam of Al Hakika Mizaan Mizaani Sufi Order. The title of ""Grand Mufti"" (Arabic: ) refers to the highest official of religious law in Sunni Muslim community. Muezzin (the word is pronounced this way in Turkish, Urdu, etc.; in Arabic, it is ""muathi"" [mu-a-thin] ) is any person at the mosque who makes the adhan, or athan (call to prayer) for the Friday"
"social legislation in Islam. In the modern era, there are four prominent schools (""madh'hab"") of ""fiqh"" within Sunni practice, plus two (or three) within Shi'a practice. A person trained in ""fiqh"" is known as a ""faqīh"" (plural ""fuqaha""). Figuratively, ""fiqh"" means knowledge about Islamic legal rulings from their sources and deriving religious rulings from their sources necessitates the ""mujtahid"" (an individual who exercises ""ijtihad"") to have a deep understanding in the different discussions of jurisprudence. A ""faqīh"" must look deep down into a matter and not suffice himself with just the apparent meaning, and a person who only knows the"
"of jurisprudence is called a faqih (). Someone who studies the science of hadith is called a muhaddith. A qadi is a judge in an Islamic court. Honorific titles given to scholars include shiekh, mullah and maulvi. Imam () is a leadership position, often used in the context of conducting Islamic worship services. A school of jurisprudence is referred to as a ""madhab"" (). The four major Sunni schools are the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and sometimes Ẓāhirī while the two major Shia schools are Ja'fari and Zaidi. Each differ in their methodology, called Usul al-fiqh. The following of decisions"
"Mohammed Rashid Qabbani Sheikh Mohammed Rashid Qabbani (, born September 15, 1942) is the former Grand Mufti of Lebanon and the most prominent Sunni Muslim cleric in the country. Qabbani succeeded former Grand Mufti Hassan Khaled. The current Grand Mufti of Lebanon is Sheikh Abdul Latif Deryan. Qabbani was born in Beirut. He finished his secondary education in Sharia studies in Azahar Lebanon in 1962. He earned his License (equivalent to Bachelor of Arts) in Sharia and Law in 1966 from the College of Sharia and Law in Cairo, Egypt in 1966. For his post graduate studies, he received his"
"these three sciences. [The need] hadith has [of its science] is apparent. As for Quranic exegesis, then the preferred manner of explaining the speech of Allah is by means of what has been accepted as a statement of His Prophet. The one looking to this is in need of distinguishing the acceptable from the unacceptable. Regarding jurisprudence, then the jurist is in need of citing as an evidence the acceptable to the exception of the later, something only possible utilizing the science of hadith.” The term ""muḥaddith"" (plural ""muḥaddithūn"", or ""aṣḥāb al-ḥadīth"", often translated as ""traditionist"") refers to a specialist"
"Ja'fari jurisprudence Jaʿfari jurisprudence (; also spelled Jafarite), Jaʿfari school or Jaʿfari fiqh, is the school of jurisprudence (""fiqh"") in Twelver Shia Islam, named after the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq. In Iran, Ja'fari jurisprudence is enshrined in the constitution. It differs from the predominant madhhabs of Sunni jurisprudence in its reliance on ""ijtihad"", as well as on matters of inheritance, religious taxes, commerce, personal status, and the allowing of temporary marriage or ""mutʿa"". The Jaʿfari fiqh is one of the eight recognized ""madhhabs"" listed in the Amman Message of 2004 by the Jordanian monarch, and since endorsed by Sadiq al-Mahdi,"
"and funeral services. They also often teach in a type of Islamic school known as a madrasah. Three kinds of knowledge are applied most frequently in interpreting Islamic texts (i.e. the Quran, Hadiths, etc.) for matters of Shariah, i.e., Islamic law. Mullahs have frequently been involved in politics, but only recently have they served in positions of power, since Islamists seized power in Iran in 1979. In Syria, political militant groups supported by the West have taken root. The Taliban enforced Islamism in Afghanistan. The term is most often applied to Shi'ite clerics, as Shi'a Islam is the predominant tradition"