"Evils - and hosts regular debates, lectures and events, including the Orwell Lecture. Judging panels are appointed each year. According to Crick, the ideologically driven leader practises a form of anti-politics in which the goal is the mobilisation of the populace towards a common end—even on pain of death. Mao Zedong of China said, ""Power grows from the barrel of a gun,"" and Joseph Stalin of Russia said, ""The Pope? How many battalions does he control?"" Such views, in Crick's estimation, are anti-political, because the speaker seeks to overcome any ethics of his constituency with the threat of violence. The"
"arsenal came from the American playwright Robert Emmet Sherwood, who was quoted in the May 12, 1940 ""New York Times"" as saying ""this country is already, in effect, an arsenal for the democratic Allies."" Although the French economist Jean Monnet had used the phrase later in 1940, he was urged by Felix Frankfurter not to use it again so Roosevelt could make use of it in his speeches. Franklin Roosevelt has since been credited with the phrase. The phrase was suggested by top Roosevelt advisor Harry Hopkins. Yet another account has it that Roosevelt borrowed the phrase from Detroit auto"
"his government service: ""I did this all for the unions."" In testimony under oath before Congress, Bloom denied making the statement at all, even in jest. In October 2009, political commentators focused on comments made by Bloom in 2008, namely: ""We know that the free market is nonsense. ...We kind of agree with Mao that political power comes largely from the barrel of a gun."" While conservatives Glenn Beck, Rush Limbaugh, and others juxtaposed Bloom's comments with details of Mao's violent dictatorship, liberal groups such as MediaMatters cited instances where conservatives had quoted Mao and where Republican campaign operative Stephen"
"Chance for Peace speech The Chance for Peace speech, also known as the Cross of Iron speech, was an address given by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower on April 16, 1953, shortly after the death of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. Speaking only three months into his presidency, Eisenhower likened arms spending to stealing from the people, and evoked William Jennings Bryan in describing ""humanity hanging from a cross of iron."" Although Eisenhower, a former military man, spoke against increased military spending, the Cold War deepened during his administration and political pressures for increased military spending mounted. By the time he"
"Peace through strength ""Peace through strength"" is a phrase which suggests that military power can help preserve peace. It is quite old and has famously been used by many leaders from Roman Emperor Hadrian in the first century AD to former U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. The concept has long been associated with realpolitik. The idea has critics: ""'Peace through strength' easily enough becomes 'peace through war,'"" according to Andrew Bacevich. The phrase and concept date to ancient times. Roman Emperor Hadrian (AD 76–138) is said to have sought ""peace through strength or, failing that, peace through threat""."
"power sites designated by the President."" This was presented by the news media as ""guns and butter."" Perhaps the best known use of the phrase (in translation) was in Nazi Germany. In a speech on January 17, 1936, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels stated: ""We can do without butter, but, despite all our love of peace, not without arms. One cannot shoot with butter, but with guns."" Referencing the same concept, sometime in the summer of the same year another Nazi official, Hermann Göring, announced in a speech: ""Guns will make us powerful; butter will only make us fat."" US"
"peacetime military budgets that became established during his administration have continued for half a century. Chance for Peace speech The Chance for Peace speech, also known as the Cross of Iron speech, was an address given by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower on April 16, 1953, shortly after the death of Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. Speaking only three months into his presidency, Eisenhower likened arms spending to stealing from the people, and evoked William Jennings Bryan in describing ""humanity hanging from a cross of iron."" Although Eisenhower, a former military man, spoke against increased military spending, the Cold War deepened"
"is credited with originating the phrase that eventually evolved to ""arsenal of democracy"", a frequent catchphrase in Roosevelt's wartime speeches. Sherwood was quoted on May 12, 1940, by ""The New York Times"", ""This country is already, in effect, an arsenal for the democratic Allies."" After serving as Director of the Office of War Information from 1943 until the conclusion of the war, he returned to dramatic writing with the movie ""The Best Years of Our Lives"", directed by William Wyler. The 1946 film, which explores changes in the lives of three servicemen after they return home from war, earned Sherwood"
"ideologies, including other socialist and Marxist ones, Maoism contains an integral military doctrine and explicitly connects its political ideology with military strategy. In Maoist thought, ""political power comes from the barrel of the gun"" (one of Mao's quotes), and the peasantry can be mobilized to undertake a ""people's war"" of armed struggle involving guerrilla warfare. Since the death of Mao and the reforms of Deng, most of the parties explicitly defining themselves as ""Maoist"" have disappeared, but various communist groups around the world, particularly armed ones like the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), the CPI (Maoist) and CPI (ML)"
"time as well as many other personal items. The quip was reproduced in the 25 December 1869 edition of the ""Spirit of the Times"" newspaper and in the 1881 ""Treasury of wisdom, wit and humor, odd comparisons and proverbs"". William F. Butler, an African American leader, used the concept in a speech he delivered in November 1867 in Lexington, Kentucky, saying: ""First we had the cartridge box, now we want the ballot box, and soon we will get the jury box"". Butler was referring to the fact that African Americans had fought in the U.S. military in the American Civil"
"Upward Spiral Upward Spiral is a term used by Paul Kennedy in his book ""The Rise and Fall of Great Powers"" to describe the continually rising cost of military equipment relative to civilian manufactured goods. According to Kennedy there is an upward spiral at work in ""all areas"" of military production which is ""becoming increasingly divergent from the commercial"". The desire for state-of-the-art weaponry is meant to be pushing up the cost. Writing in the late 1980s he said it was reasonable to assume that the next few decades would witness ""the spiralling cost of the arms race, which is"
"The phrase has become so well known, it is referenced in literature. Carter used this phrase from the classic essay ""The Moral Equivalent of War"" derived from the speech given by American psychologist and philosopher William James, delivered at Stanford University in 1906, and subsequent book, published in 1910, in which ""James considered one of the classic problems of politics: how to sustain political unity and civic virtue in the absence of war or a credible threat..."" and ""...sounds a rallying cry for service in the interests of the individual and the nation."" Ideas mirrored in much of Carter's philosophy."
"empowerment as a vague concept replete with what Wolf Wolfensberger has called 'high craze value' i.e. a fashionable term that means different things to different people, and ultimately means everything and nothing. Certainly few community psychologists would agree with Mao that 'power grows out of the barrel of a gun.' In the 1990s, the support and empowerment paradigm (Racino, 1992) was proposed as an organizing concept to replace or complement the prior rehabilitation paradigm, and to acknowledge the diverse groups and community-based work of the emerging community disciplines. A core value of community psychology is seeking social justice through research"
"comes from the English author Wilkie Collins, writing at the time of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870: ""I begin to believe in only one civilizing influence—the discovery one of these days of a destructive agent so terrible that War shall mean annihilation and men's fears will force them to keep the peace."" Richard Jordan Gatling patented his namesake rotary gun in 1862 with the partial intention of illustrating the futility of war. After his 1867 invention of dynamite, Alfred Nobel stated that ""The day when two army corps can annihilate each other in one second, all civilized nations, it is"
"as affirmative action and Head Start. Others work to reduce tax funding of remedial programs for minorities. They have based their advocacy on aptitude test data that, according to them, shows that racial ability differences are biological in origin and cannot be leveled even by intensive educational efforts. In electoral politics, many more ethnic minorities have won important offices in Western nations than in earlier times, although the highest offices tend to remain in the hands of Whites. In his famous ""Letter from Birmingham Jail"", Martin Luther King Jr. observed: King's hope, expressed in his I Have a Dream speech,"
"resurrected the concept of ""The Wall"" for his 2010-2012 tour, The Wall Live, the song was again central to the show's political message. Throughout the song, the projections on the fully built wall slowly gave a 1953 quote from U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower: Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired, signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and not clothed. In the film, the song is sung by a large choir, without Waters' lead vocal. It is also expanded, with an extended vamp"
"""a volcanic private temper but a soothing public manner"". The most famous passage from the speech was widely commented on by the public for its biting nature and critique of ""politics of fear"": I am speaking from Cape Elizabeth, Maine to discuss with you the election campaign which is coming to a close. In the heat of our campaigns, we have all become accustomed to a little anger and exaggeration. That is our system. It has worked for almost two hundred years – longer than any other political system in the world. But in these elections of 1970, something has"
"to being strong, as a nation. He warned against labor disputes, saying, ""The nation expects our defense industries to continue operation without interruption by strikes or lockouts. It expects and insists that management and workers will reconcile their differences by voluntary or legal means."" Roosevelt stressed that it was not the American government but the American people who had the power to turn the tide of the war. It was here that he used the phrase ""arsenal of democracy"": ""We must be the great arsenal of democracy. For us this is an emergency as serious as war itself. We must"
"3) What are the positions and preferences of the targets of attempts at influence? 4) Which forms of power behavior are most likely to succeed? 5) What is the probability of success? Since the period of ""Pax Britannica"" (1815–1914) the United Kingdom has employed a combination of influence and coercion in international relations. The term smart power emerged in the past decade, but the concept of smart power has much earlier roots in the history of the United States and is a popular notion in international relations today. 1901: President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims: ""Speak softly and carry a big stick."""
"power. The term empowerment originates from American community psychology and is associated with the social scientist Julian Rappaport (1981). However, the roots of empowerment theory extend further into history and are linked to Marxist sociological theory. These sociological ideas have continued to be developed and refined through Neo-Marxist Theory (also known as Critical Theory). In social work, empowerment forms a practical approach of resource-oriented intervention. In the field of citizenship education and democratic education, empowerment is seen as a tool to increase the responsibility of the citizen. Empowerment is a key concept in the discourse on promoting civic engagement. Empowerment"
"Meritocracy Meritocracy (""merit"", from Latin ""mereō"", and ""-cracy"", from Ancient Greek κράτος """" ""strength, power"") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender, or wealth. Advancement in such a system is based on performance, as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement. Although the concept of meritocracy has existed for centuries, the term itself was first created in 1958 by the sociologist Michael Young. The Oxford English Dictionary shows the first use in"
"and religiously convicted in hopes of winning the presidential election later that year (which he did). The idea, though not the wording, has been attributed to the ""History of the Peloponnesian War"" by the ancient Greek historian Thucydides, who stated that ""right, as the world goes, is only in question between equals in power, while the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must."" Montague coined the term ""Kratocracy"", from the Greek κρατερός ""krateros"", meaning ""strong"", for government by those who are strong enough to seize power through force or cunning. In a letter to Albert"
"Government, as a member of the British Supply Council, to negotiate the purchase of war supplies. Soon after his arrival in Washington, D.C., he became an advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Convinced that America could serve as ""the great arsenal of democracy"", he persuaded the President to launch a massive arms production program, both as an economic stimulus and to supply the Allies with military resources. In 1941, Roosevelt, with Churchill's agreement, launched the Victory Program, which represented the involvement of the United States in the war effort. After the war, John Maynard Keynes, a British economist, claimed that"
"personal weapons and protective gear of a citizen-soldier, kept in the household, and is the origin of the term. The term's modern meaning originates with the medieval practice of having a chest, literally, filled with money to open in time of war. In politics, a war chest is funding obtained from donors well in advance of a campaign, usually accumulated by an incumbent for either re-election or to contest a more advanced office, or provided by a wealthy candidate to their own campaign. The possession of such excess funds may discourage otherwise viable candidates from a primary or general election"
"East, our greatest weapons are political: the demonstrated desire for freedom of the peoples of the countries that oppose us."" ""See also: Eurabia"" Jonah Goldberg, Ledeen's colleague at ""National Review"", coined the term ""Ledeen Doctrine"" in a 2002 column. This tongue-in-cheek ""doctrine"" is usually summarized as """"Every ten years or so, the United States needs to pick up some small crappy little country and throw it against the wall, just to show the world we mean business,"""" which Goldberg remembered Ledeen saying in an early 1990s speech. Ledeen has also advocated that U.S. leaders take a stronger rhetorical stance in"
"may be turgid, affected, metaphorical, but not affecting."" Politicians are often termed eloquent. Marcus Antonius, c. 83–30 BCE, Roman politician and soldier gave one of the most memorable speeches in history, dramatized by William Shakespeare in the play Julius Caesar; Shakespeare used Antonius's famous opening line ""Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears"". Many famous political leaders, from Pericles to Winston Churchill, and dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, rose to prominence in large part due to their eloquence. In the Iranian Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini came to power in part through the eloquence of his speeches, smuggled into"
"for forcing the Soviet Union to lose the arms race and end the Cold War. ""Peace Through Strength"" is the official motto of the ""Nimitz""-class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS ""Ronald Reagan"" (CVN-76). ""Peace Through Strength"" appeared in the Republican Party platforms of 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2008, 2012, 2016. On assuming office in January 2017, President Trump cited the idea of ""Peace Through Strength"" as central to his overall ""America First"" foreign policy. For Andrew Bacevich, ""belief in the efficacy of military power almost inevitably breeds the temptation to put that power to work. 'Peace through strength' easily"
"back to the days of colonial America and earlier in Great Britain. Various gun rights advocates and organizations, such as former governor Mike Huckabee, former Congressman Ron Paul, and Gun Owners of America, say that an armed citizenry is the population's last line of defense against tyranny by their own government. This belief was also familiar at the time the Constitution was written. A right of revolution was omitted from the Constitution, and instead the Constitution was designed to ensure a government deriving its power from the consent of the governed. Gun rights advocates such as Stephen Halbrook and Wayne"
"titled 'Peace through strength' so that it was ""drenched in ... ASCF references"". Following a counterclaim by the CSP alleging that the trademark application had been fraudulent, in August 2013 the ACSF announced that it had settled the lawsuit with the CSP and would cancel its trademark claim. Peace through strength ""Peace through strength"" is a phrase which suggests that military power can help preserve peace. It is quite old and has famously been used by many leaders from Roman Emperor Hadrian in the first century AD to former U.S. President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s. The concept has long"
"caught them, they wrapped the children in their scrolls and lit them on fire. The Islamic prophet Muhammad is quoted, in a saying narrated by 'Abdullah ibn Amr: """"There will be a tribulation that will wipe out the Arabs in which those killed on both sides are in the Hellfire. In that time the spoken word will be stronger than the sword"""".<ref> The pen is mightier than the sword ""The pen is mightier than the sword"" is a metonymic adage, coined by English author Edward Bulwer-Lytton in 1839, indicating that communication (particularly written language), or in some interpretations, administrative power"
"voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s. Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, ""the beginning of a changed America."" Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, ""Every Man a King"" inspired by Bryan's speech. Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term ""trickle-down economics"" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to ""leak through"" on those below. Historian R."
"the 1980 presidential election campaign, Ronald Reagan promised that his administration would undertake an acceleration of the build-up of US nuclear forces. Upon taking office, his administration followed through on that promise. Upper-level defense officials spoke of attaining the capability to prevail in a nuclear war and advocated an increase in civil defense capabilities to protect much of the public in case of such a war. The acceleration of the strategic arms race, the hardening of US-Soviet conflict and the rhetoric of nuclear war fighting produced a substantial public reaction. Huge demonstrations in Europe and the US opposed the increase"
"of the total value of munitions produced from June 1940 through September 1944. These large firms produced many different items; the aircraft companies assembled parts made by thousands of firms. Arsenal of Democracy During the Second World War (1939–1945), ""Arsenal of Democracy"" was the slogan used by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in a radio broadcast delivered on 29 December 1940. Roosevelt promised to help the United Kingdom fight Nazi Germany by giving them military supplies while the United States stayed out of the actual fighting. The president announced that intent a year before the Attack on Pearl Harbor (7"