"monthon). These provinces include Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, Nakhon Pathom and Samut Sakhon. The name of each province's capital city (, mueang) is the same as that of the province. For example, the capital of Chiang Mai Province (""Changwat Chiang Mai"") is ""Mueang Chiang Mai"" or ""Chiang Mai"". Thai provinces are administrated by regions. The regions that Thailand uses to divide the provinces is the four-region division system. It divides the country into the four regions: Northern Thailand, Northeastern Thailand, Central Thailand and Southern Thailand. Each region has its own different historical background, culture, language and people. In contrast"
"II in 1989. The first missionaries to Thailand were Portuguese Dominicans who arrived in ""Siam"" in 1554, as it was then known. Siam was a Buddhist kingdom which welcomed Christians for their knowledge. By the 19th century most Catholic missionaries from Europe were from the Paris Foreign Missions Society (""Société des Missions Étrangères de Paris"" – MEP), living in enclaves and exempt from national jurisdiction and taxation. During the 1930s there was a growing sense of anxiety and crisis as Japan invaded China and threatened south-east Asia. The country’s name was changed to Thailand in 1939. The government adopted a"
"the internal situation were banned. On 23 June 1939, Phibun changed the country's name from Siam to Prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย), or Thailand, said to mean ""land of the free"". This was directed against the ethnic diversity in the country (Malay, Chinese, Lao, Shan, etc.) and is based on the idea of a ""Thai race"", a Pan-Thai nationalism whose policy is the integration of the Shan, the Lao and other Tai peoples, such as Vietnam, Burma and South China, into a ""Great Kingdom of Thailand"" () Modernisation was also an important theme in Phibun's new Thai nationalism. From 1939 to"
"is that Mon-speaking peoples migrating south called themselves 'syem' as do the autochthonous Mon-Khmer-speaking inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula. The signature of King Mongkut (r. 1851–1868) reads ""SPPM"" (Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha) ""Mongkut King of the Siamese"", giving the name ""Siam"" official status until 24 June 1939 when it was changed to Thailand. Thailand was renamed to Siam from 1946 to 1948, after which it again reverted to Thailand. According to George Cœdès, the word ""Thai"" () means ""free man"" in the Thai language, ""differentiating the Thai from the natives encompassed in Thai society as serfs"". A famous Thai scholar"
"newspapers were instructed to print only good news emanating from Axis sources, while sarcastic comments about the internal situation were banned. On 23 June 1939, Phibun changed the country's name from Siam to Prathet Thai (Thai: ประเทศไทย), or Thailand, said to mean ""land of the free"". This was a nationalist gesture: it implied the unity of all the Tai-speaking peoples, including the Lao and the Shan, but excluding the Chinese. The regime's slogan became ""Thailand for the Thai."" Modernisation was also an important theme in Phibun's new Thai nationalism. From 1939 to 1942 he issued a set of twelve Cultural"
"of office and Phibunsongkhram assumed the premiership a second time. The cultural policy of Khuang and Pridi was canceled The hallmarks of the cultural restoration, as promulgated in January 1946, were: On 7 September 1946 the Thai government announced that the name of the country would revert to Siam, since the country did not only belong to the Thai race. The name reverted to Thailand in 1949. After the ""coup d'état"" in 1947, in which Khuang was restored to power, the Supreme Council of State of Siam (, which was dissolved during the Siamese revolution of 1932, was restored. Thai"
"Siam became Thailand. Thailand appeared in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, where they lost to Great Britain by a score of 0–9 (the largest defeat in team history) and failed to advance to the quarterfinals. In 1965, Thailand won the first place in the Southeast Asian Games for the first time. The team made another appearance at the Summer Olympics in 1968, losing to Bulgaria 0–7, Guatemala 1–4, and Czechoslovakia 0–8 en route to a first-round exit. This was Thailand's latest appearance in the Olympics. 1992 featured one of Thailand's signature victories. Playing in Bangkok against South Korea, who"
"who at the time were harshly repressed. In 1939, Phibun changed the country's name from ""Siam"" to ""Thailand"". In 1941, in the midst of World War II, he decreed 1 January as the official start of the new year instead of the traditional 13 April. Ardently pro-Japanese at the beginning, Phibun and his administration soon distanced themselves from Japan following the aftermath of the French-Thai War. This conflict lasted from October 1940 to May 1941. Following the peace talks, the Japanese gained the right to occupy French Indo-China. Threatened with war, Phibun stated that the Japanese would be the transgressors."
"in Bangkok. Phibunsongkhram renamed Siam to Thailand, a name change which was part of a larger political movement to unify all Tai peoples under the central Thai of Bangkok. The French viewed these developments with alarm, but the Vichy Government was diverted by events in Europe and World War II. Despite a non-aggression treaty signed in June 1940, Thailand took advantage of the French position and initiated the Franco-Thai War. The war concluded unfavorably for Lao interests with the ""Treaty of Tokyo"", and the loss of trans-Mekong territories of Xainyaburi and part of Champasak. The result was Lao distrust of"
"History of Thailand The history of Thailand concerns the history of the Thai people, who originally lived in southwestern China, and migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries. The word ""Siam"" ( ) may have originated from Pali (""suvaṇṇabhūmi"", ""land of gold"") or Sanskrit श्याम (""śyāma"", “dark”) or Mon ရာမည (""rhmañña"", ""stranger""), probably the same root as Shan and Ahom. was the name for the northern kingdom centred on Sukhothai and Sawankhalok, but to the Thai themselves, the name of the country has always been ""Mueang Thai"". The country's designation as Siam by Westerners likely came"
"Thai Airways Company Thai Airways Company or Thai Airways (TAC; ) was the domestic flag carrier of Thailand. Its main base was the domestic terminal at Don Mueang International Airport, then known as Bangkok International Airport. Its head office was located in Pom Prap Sattru Phai, Bangkok. In 1988 Thai Airways merged to become Thai Airways International (). Siamese Airways Company Limited was the domestic flag carrier of Thailand on March 1, 1947, according to a cabinet resolution. The first squadron had Douglas DC-3, Beechcraft C-45, L-5 Sentinel, Rearwin, Fairchild. The first flight was Bangkok-Phitsanulok-Lampang-Chiang Mai and began a Chiang"
"Communist Party of Thailand The Communist Party of Thailand (; abbreviated CPT) was a communist party in Thailand active from 1942 until the 1990s. Initially known as the Communist Party of Siam, the party was founded officially on 1 December 1942, although communist activism in the country began as early as 1927. In the 1960s the CPT grew in membership and support and by the early 1970s was the second largest communist movement in mainland South-East Asia (after Vietnam). The party launched a guerrilla war against the Thai government in 1965. Even though the CPT suffered internal divisions, at its"
"South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, ), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It received international recognition in 1949 as the ""State of Vietnam"" (a self-governing entity in the French Empire), which was a constitutional monarchy (1949–1955). This became the ""Republic of Vietnam"" in 1955. Its capital was Saigon. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines,"
"century. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, Siam faced pressure from France and the United Kingdom, including forced concessions of territory, but nevertheless it remained the only Southeast Asian country to avoid direct Western rule. Following a bloodless revolution in 1932, Siam became a constitutional monarchy and changed its official name to ""Thailand"". While it joined the Allies in World War I, Thailand was an Axis satellite in World War II. In the late 1950s, a military coup revived the monarchy's historically influential role in politics. Thailand became a major ally of the United States and played a key anti-communist"
"Thailand and the International Monetary Fund Thailand joined the IMF on May 3, 1949 and has been the recipient of numerous IMF programs, most notably in its role as the source of contagion in the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Thailand currently has a quota of 3,211.9 million SDR's, which gives it the second most voting power in its constituency after Turkey. The IMF opened a technical assistance office in Thailand in 2012 to provide technical assistance and training to the Lao PDR and the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. During the span between 1973 and 1985, Thailand experienced a"
"in Bangkok, Thailand. Original name was Thai Rung Engineering Co. Ltd., and changed its name to Thai Rung Union Car Co. Ltd. in 1973. TRU was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1994. TRU business is ranging from product design and development, automotive parts manufacturing, industrial equipment manufacturing, car assembly lines and financial business. Some discontinued TR vans powered by Land Rover engine in combination with Thai-developed body design and platform. Modern TR cars are built on small or medium trucks base into SUV or seven-seat multi-purpose vehicles using TR-owned technology, design, development and assembly skills. The current"
"1975, Taiwan, as the Republic of China, had an embassy in Bangkok, but this was closed after Thailand established full diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to its replacement in September of that year by the Office of the Representative of China Airlines in Thailand. It was renamed the Far East Trade Office in 1980. The office was upgraded in 1991, and renamed the Taipei Economic and Trade Center, before being renamed again as the Taipei Economic and Trade Office in 1992. It adopted its present name in 1999. Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Thailand The"
"established his new capital on the river's eastern bank, the city inherited Ayutthaya's ceremonial name, of which there were many variants, including ""Krung Thep Thawarawadi Si Ayutthaya"" () and ""Krung Thep Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya"" (). Edmund Roberts, visiting the city as envoy of the United States in 1833, noted that the city, since becoming capital, was known as ""Sia-Yut'hia"", and this is the name used in international treaties of the period. Today, the city is known in Thai as ""Krung Thep Maha Nakhon"" (กรุงเทพมหานคร) or simply as ""Krung Thep"" (กรุงเทพฯ). Its full ceremonial name, which came into use during"
"Thai National Anthem The Thai National Anthem () is the title of Thailand's national anthem which was adopted on 10 December 1939. The melody was composed by Phra Chenduriyang (Peter Veit) and the words are by Luang Saranupraphan. ""Phleng Chat"" (), literally meaning ""national anthem"", is a general term for a national anthem. The anthem is also used to refer to this specific song. Before 1932, Sansoen Phra Barami (the Royal Anthem) was used as the national anthem of Siam. The anthem was composed a few days after the revolution of 1932 in the tune vaguely similar to the national"
"help of its ally, Japan, which occupied Thailand at the time, Thailand recaptured the areas it had ceded to France in 1907. The area in Cambodia had since been subdivided, and was rejoined to Thailand on 23 July 1941 as three provinces: Phra Tabong Province (with new boundaries, corresponding to Cambodian Battambang Province) and Phibunsongkhram Province (corresponding to Cambodian Siem Reap Province. Thailand was forced to cede the territory again in 1946, after the end of World War II, as a condition for Thailand's admission into the United Nations. When it was rejoined to Thailand on 23 July 1941, Phra"
"the area of present-day Thailand were engulfed into the Theravada Buddhism of the Mon and the Hindu-Khmer culture and statecraft. Therefore, the Thai culture is a mixture of Tai traditions with Indic, Mon, and Khmer influences. Early Thai chiefdoms included the Sukhothai Kingdom and Suphan Buri Province. The Lavo Kingdom, which was the center of Khmer culture in Chao Phraya valley, was also the rallying point for the Thais. The Thai were called ""Siam"" by the Angkorians and they appeared on the bas relief at Angkor Wat as a part of the army of Lavo Kingdom. Sometimes the Thai chiefdoms"
"ruled by Siam. The degree of independence enjoyed by Cambodia fluctuated according to the relative fortunes of Siam, Cambodia. and the French colonists. In 1907, Siam ceded northern Cambodia to France. In the 1930s, this loss became the basis of the nationalist government’s claim that the area was a ""lost territory"" which rightfully belonged to Thailand. In 1941, following a war with Vichy France, Thailand briefly regained the territories ceded to France in 1907. This claim was not abandoned until the 1950s. Thailand's rapid economic progress during the 1980s and 1990s made its economy one of the strongest in Southeast"
"and ethnic Thais came to constitute the dominant group amongst the party ranks. There was also a strong presence of other ethnic minorities amongst the party ranks. Notably, whilst many Hmongs in neighbouring Laos tended to side with anti-communist forces, the CPT was able to build a strong base amongst Hmong people in Thailand. Communist Party of Thailand The Communist Party of Thailand (; abbreviated CPT) was a communist party in Thailand active from 1942 until the 1990s. Initially known as the Communist Party of Siam, the party was founded officially on 1 December 1942, although communist activism in the"
"in 1939 the title was abolished under the government of General Plaek Phibunsongkhram who sought to unify Thailand and suppress regional differences. The modern descendants of the rulers of Chiang Mai bear the surname Na Chiangmai () as granted by King Vajiravudh under his 1912 Surname Act. 1. ""Phraya"" Vachiraprakarn, 1774 - 1776 1. ""King"" Kawila, 1782-1813 <br> 2. ""Prince"" Thammalangka, 1813-1822<br> 3. ""Prince"" Khamfan, 1823-1825 <br> 4. ""Prince"" Phutthawong ""or"" Buddhavansa, 1826-1846<br> 5. ""King"" Mahotaraprathet, 1847-1854 <br> 6. ""King"" Kawirolot Suriyawong, 1856-1870<br> 7. ""King"" Inthawichayanon, 1873-1896 8. ""Prince"" Inthawarorot Suriyawong, 1901-1909 (Siam annexed Lanna)<br> 9. ""Prince"" Kaew Nawarat, 1911-1939"
"Miss Thailand Miss Thailand (; ), is a beauty pageant held in Thailand for Thai women, first held on December 10, 1934 in Phra Nakhon district of Bangkok, under the name of Miss Siam (; ). The winner of Miss Thailand used to represent the country at Miss Universe, while 1st runner-up presented at Miss Asia Pacific International. However, Miss Thailand Organization lost these licenses to Miss Thailand Universe in 2000. The last Miss Thailand to represent her country at Miss Universe is Apisamai Srirangsan, Miss Thailand 1999. The beauty pageant was broadcast on BBTV (channel 7) until 2000, then"
"Thailand"" due to progress in the field of medicine at that time. Starting in the middle of the 16th century, the kingdom came under repeated attacks by the Taungoo Dynasty of Burma. The Burmese–Siamese War (1547–49) began with a Burmese invasion and a failed siege of Ayutthaya. A second siege (1563–64) led by King Bayinnaung forced King Maha Chakkraphat to surrender in 1564. The royal family was taken to Bago, Burma, with the king's second son Mahinthrathirat installed as a vassal king. In 1568, Mahinthrathirat revolted when his father managed to return from Bago as a Buddhist monk. The ensuing"
"Department of Civil Aviation (Thailand) The Department of Civil Aviation (DCA; ) was a government department of Thailand from 2009 to 2015. Founded in 1933 as a bureau under the Ministry of Commerce's Department of Transport, it was elevated to department status under the new Ministry of Transport in 1963, and was originally called the Department of Commercial Aviation. It was renamed the Department of Air Transport in 2002, before becoming the Department of Civil Aviation in 2009. The department's responsibilities included prescribing, regulating, and auditing Thai civil aviation, as well as the management of Thailand's government-owned civil airports (not"
"to Thailand in 1955. Due to its proximity to Thailand, Vietnam's conflicts were closely monitored by Bangkok. Thai involvement did not become official until the total involvement of the United States in support of South Vietnam in 1963. The Thai government then allowed the United States Air Force in Thailand to use its air and naval bases. At the height of the war, almost 50,000 American military personnel were stationed in Thailand, mainly airmen. In October 1967 a regiment-size Thai unit, the Queen's Cobras, were sent to Camp Bearcat at Bien Hoa, to fight alongside the Americans, Australians, New Zealanders"
"Thai Khem Khaeng Thai Khem Khaeng (English: ""Strong Thailand"", Thai: ไทยเข้มแข็ง, alternately romanized as Thai Khem Khang) was a Thai economic stimulus investment program imposed by the government of Abhisit Vejjajiva in the years 2009 and 2010, led by Finance Minister Korn Chatikavanij. The program consist of two major stimulus packages injected in the Thai economy involving vast investments in industry, science, technology, agriculture, logistics and infrastructure, environment, education, labour and tourism and the positive impact remains in the economy up to the present. Thailand became a great exporter almost 200 years ago, mainly to the Southeast Asia and US."
"Thai Khem Khaeng Thai Khem Khaeng (English: ""Strong Thailand"", Thai: ไทยเข้มแข็ง, alternately romanized as Thai Khem Khang) was a Thai economic stimulus investment program imposed by the government of Abhisit Vejjajiva in the years 2009 and 2010, led by Finance Minister Korn Chatikavanij. The program consist of two major stimulus packages injected in the Thai economy involving vast investments in industry, science, technology, agriculture, logistics and infrastructure, environment, education, labour and tourism and the positive impact remains in the economy up to the present. Thailand became a great exporter almost 200 years ago, mainly to the Southeast Asia and US."
"Mai-Mae Sariang-Mae Hong Son two days later. The first international flight, a Bangkok-Songkhla-Penang service, was in December 1947. The Government of Thailand issued a resolution on November 1, 1951, merging Siamese Airways with Pacific Overseas Airline (Siam) Limited (POAS), forming Thai Airways Company Limited (TAC) ( (บดท)). It was also known as Thai Airways. Thai Airways established the international flag carrier in 1960, Thai Airways International Company Limited (THAI; ), as a joint venture between Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) with the Scandinavian carrier initially providing a 30% share capital of two million Baht. Thai Airways bought the turboprop Avro 748"
"South Thailand insurgency The South Thailand insurgency (; ) is an ongoing conflict centered in southern Thailand. It originated in 1948 as an ethnic and religious separatist insurgency in the historical Malay Patani Region, made up of the three southernmost provinces of Thailand and parts of a fourth, but has become more complex and increasingly violent since 2001. The former Sultanate of Pattani, which included the southern Thai provinces of Pattani (Patani), Yala (Jala), Narathiwat (Menara)—also known as the three Southern Border Provinces (SBP)—as well as neighbouring parts of Songkhla Province (Singgora), and the northeastern part of Malaysia (Kelantan), was"
"Plaek Phibunsongkhram Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram ( ; alternatively transcribed as ""Pibulsongkram"" or ""Pibulsonggram""; 14 July 1897 – 11 June 1964), locally known as Chomphon Por (;), contemporarily known as Phibun (""Pibul"") in the West, was the third and longest serving Prime Minister of Thailand and dictatorial leader of Thailand from 1938 to 1944 and 1948 to 1957. He was born Plaek Khittasangkha ( ) in Nonthaburi Province to Keed Khittasangkha and his wife. Keed was of Chinese-Thai heritage; his grandfather was said to be a Cantonese-speaking Chinese immigrant. However, the family was completely assimilated and Plaek did not show"