"will not be reassigned for at least 50 years, and the replacement of RFC 3066 by RFC 4646 for country codes used in language tags in 2006. The previous ISO 3166-1 code for Yugoslavia, YU, was removed by ISO on 2003-07-23, but the yu ccTLD remained in operation. Finally, after a two-year transition to Serbian rs and Montenegrin me, the .yu domain was phased out in March 2010. Australia was originally assigned the oz country code, which was later changed to au with the .oz domains moved to .oz.au. An internationalized country code top-level domain (IDN ccTLD) is a top-level"
"and for use newsgroup facilities. An earlier restricted IP-based network, linking academic institutions within Australia, known as ACSNet, used the .oz domain. This domain was subsumed under .au to become .oz.au. A permanent connection between AARNet and ARPANet was established in May 1989 by a satellite connection. In 1992 there were two competing commercial ISPs expanding to excess of 100 by June 1995 [Internet Australasia Magazine], attributing some fifth of all AARNet traffic. The Vice Chancellors' Committee sold all commercial customers with Telstra leading the commercial push of the Internet into Australia. Broadband internet access is available in Australia using"
"would acquire Neustar Inc. for $2.9 billion. AusRegistry AusRegistry is a Melbourne, Australia based company that specialises in domain name registry services. AusRegistry was the registry operator and wholesale provider for all commercial .au (Australian) domain names including .com.au and .net.au and the non-commercial domain names .edu.au and .gov.au - for over 16 years, from 2002 until July 1, 2018. It doesn't provide any services to the general public. In 2002, after an open tender, AusRegistry was awarded a four-year contract to operate the domain name registry for auDA. In 2005, after another open tender, AusRegistry was once again selected"
"AusRegistry AusRegistry is a Melbourne, Australia based company that specialises in domain name registry services. AusRegistry was the registry operator and wholesale provider for all commercial .au (Australian) domain names including .com.au and .net.au and the non-commercial domain names .edu.au and .gov.au - for over 16 years, from 2002 until July 1, 2018. It doesn't provide any services to the general public. In 2002, after an open tender, AusRegistry was awarded a four-year contract to operate the domain name registry for auDA. In 2005, after another open tender, AusRegistry was once again selected to be the registry operator for a"
"domain names bankaus.com.au and bankaustralia.com.au. In a single-member judgement on behalf of the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, the claim was denied. As the domain names in question were registered in 2011 and 2008 respectively, there was no evidence that their owner had registered them to 'prevent the owner of a name, trademark or service mark from reflecting the mark in a corresponding domain name' (cybersquatting) or 'primarily for the purpose of disrupting the business or activities of another person'. Bank Australia Bank Australia, formerly the Members and Education Credit Union (mecu), is an Australian mutual bank based in Kew,"
"after, and by the mid-1990s almost the entire country had a range of choices of dial-up ISPs. Today, Internet access is available through a range of technologies, i.e. hybrid fibre coaxial cable, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and satellite Internet. The Australian Government, in partnership with the industrial sector, began rolling out a nationwide FTTP broadband network in July 2009. The .au domain (ccTLD) was delegated to Robert Elz of the Australian Computing Science Network (ACSNet) in March 1986. From then, universities connected one at a time to allow for the sending and receiving of email"
"of five key .au registries – .com.au, .net.au, .org.au, .asn.au and .id.au was put to tender. The winning bidder(s) were to operate the registry for four years. One bid, encompassing all five registries, from AusRegistry won. After 16 years of running the .AU registry, AusRegistry lost a competitive tender process to Afilias, who will take over the running of the .AU registry on 1 July 2018. The new regime of competition and name policy began on 1 July 2002, with AusRegistry as the new domain name registry operator with 282,632 domain names under management. The new domain environment saw an"
"domain name registration in Australia, where a large backlog of Australian businesses were waiting for processing of their applications for com.au domain names by the part-time domain name administrator, Robert Elz, senior system administrator in the University of Melbourne’s Computer Science Department, who declined to communicate with the media. Robert Elz had been assigned the role of administrator of the .au top-level domain by Jon Postel since 1989, an arrangement that worked quite satisfactorily through the early 1990s when the Internet was largely of interest only to tertiary educational and research institutions. The AFR article caused Melbourne University to be"
"Australia, and sales offices in London, UK. Afilias Afilias, Inc. is a US Corporation that is the registry operator of the .info, .mobi and .pro top-level domain, service provider for registry operators of .org, .ngo, .lgbt, .asia, .aero, and a provider of domain name registry services for countries around the world, including .MN (Mongolia), .AG (Antigua and Barbuda), .BM (Bermuda), .BZ (Belize), .GI (Gibraltar), .IN (India), .ME (Montenegro), .SC (the Seychelles), and .VC (St. Vincent and the Grenadines). .AU (Australia). Afilias also provided ancillary support to other domains, including .SG (Singapore), .LA (Laos) and .HN (Honduras). Afilias was formed in"
"contains a list of DNS servers for the second-level domains in the .au domain space and contains the IP addresses of DNS servers for .au and second-level domains, where those DNS servers themselves are within .au. auDA also oversees and deploys new technologies and initiatives in the .au name space, which includes Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) auDA's own Information Security Standard (ISS). The ISS security standard was developed by a security group formed by auDA after a compromise on a registrars data systems. The ISS standard is based on ISO 27001. The Total Internet Group comprising ddns.com.au, cheaperdomains.com.au"
"world can register .com domains, many countries have a second-level domain with a similar purpose under their own country code top-level domain (ccTLD). Taiwan (com.tw) Australia (com.au) Sri Lanka (com.lk) Greece (com.gr) Mexico (com.mx) South Korea (co.kr) India (co.in) Pakistan (com.pk) Indonesia (co.id) Japan (co.jp) Vietnam (.com.vn) or (.vn) and the United Kingdom (co.uk) are all examples of this. Many non-commercial sites and networks use com names to benefit from the perceived recognizability of a com domain. However, the registration statistics show varying popularity over the years. As of December 2011, VeriSign reported that approximately 100 million com domains were"
"two-letter second-level domain is formally reserved for each U.S. state, federal territory, and the District of Columbia. There are several second-level domains which are no longer available. Second-level domains under .au which are no longer available include: "".conf.au"" originally intended for conferences; "".gw.au"" for the Australian Academic and Research networks; ""info.au"" for general information, "".otc.au"" and "".telememo.au"" for the X.400 mail systems. Prior to 12 Oct 2010 there were second level domain based on province: .ab.ca — Alberta, .bc.ca — British Columbia, .mb.ca — Manitoba, .nb.ca — New Brunswick, .nf.ca — Newfoundland, .nl.ca — Newfoundland and Labrador, .ns.ca — Nova"
"categories in most cases. auDA has delegated responsibility of the .edu.au domain to Australian Information and Communications Technology in Education Committee (AICTEC), which formed a specialist sub-committee, "".edu.au Domain Administration Committee"" (eDAC). Schools use a domain name that reflect their locale, and these state-based third-level domains are managed independently by the states. For example, a school in Western Australia would register ""schoolname.wa.edu.au"". Similarly, replacing the bold part of these domains, Victoria would use .vic, Queensland would use .qld, South Australia would use .sa, Tasmania would use .tas, Northern Territory would use .nt and the Australian Capital Territory would use .act."
".at .at is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Austria. It is administered by NIC.AT. The .at top-level domain has a number of second-level domains (.co.at, .or.at, .gv.at and .ac.at). However, it is also possible to register directly at the top level. Given the number of English words that end with -at, this presents the possibility for many domain hacks. Many Austrian domain names were registered for English words that end with ""at"". Domain hacks treating ""at"" as a word in its own right (such as ""arrive.at"") are widespread. As of today, there are very few such domain"
".cc .cc is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian territory of and about 600 inhabitants. It is administered by a US company, VeriSign, through a subsidiary company eNIC, which promotes it for international registration as ""the next .com""; .cc was originally assigned in October 1997 to eNIC Corporation of Seattle, Washington, by the IANA. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — a country the UN does not recognise (they consider it to belong to the republic of Cyprus) — also uses the .cc domain, along with .nc.tr. With the help of SamsDirect Internet,"
"Australia.gov.au Australia.gov.au is an Australian public sector website, created by the Government of Australia to provide a single entry point to government in Australia. It is owned and managed by the Department of Finance, and links to information and services from around 900 Australian Government websites, as well as selected State and Territory government resources. The site indexes over four million pages from Australian Federal, State and Territory governments, using both metadata and full text indexes. As of November 2014 the website received two million visitors each month, and was linked to by over 12,000 web pages. www.fed.gov.au was first"
"Telecom Niue's Internet Services located at Alofi through their island-wide distributed wireline. The .nu TLD is assigned to Niue. Niue, through an outside company, registers Internet domain names, so most .nu web addresses are not actually located in Niue. They are commonly used by Danish, Dutch and Swedish websites, because in those languages 'nu' means “now”. Niue was the first country in the world to plan on offering free nationwide WiFi internet access, using the funds provided by the domain registrations. 95% of Niueans now have internet access at home, work or through the schools, making it the country with"
"second four-year period commencing on 1 July 2006. Controversially, in February 2009 auDA announced that it had extended its .au Registry Licence Agreement with Ausregistry until 2014 without a tender bid. A 2012 report found that 99% of registered domains were within the .com.au, .net.au and .org.au spaces. AusRegistry's TLD registry is compliant with the latest Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) standards and was one of the first to offer rapid DNS updating in ccTLD zone files. AusRegistry International is a subsidiary of AusRegistry that provides domain name registry services outside of Australia and other registry services. AusRegistry previously operated the"
"first three auDA accredited registrars to achieve ISS compliance. The naming rules for .au require registrations under second-level categories that describe a type of entity. "".com.au"", for example, is designed for commercial entities. This follows a similar allocation policy to that formerly used in other countries such as the United Kingdom and New Zealand. Registrations are currently permitted below a second-level domain, such as ""yourname.com.au"". In April 2016, auDA announced it would introduce registrations directly at the second level, such as ""yourname.au"". Direct registrations were due to be implemented in 2017 although due to an ongoing debate on how cybersquatting"
"the .com.au 2LD operation exclusively to Melbourne IT, the commercial arm of the University of Melbourne, for a term of five years. Unlike Elz who had not charged for domain services, Melbourne IT ran domain registration on a for-profit basis, charging between $125–150 per year for registrations. Melbourne IT intended to remove the registration of pre-existing .com.au names whose owners had not paid registration fees by March 1997. This prompted ISP iiNet to file a class-action lawsuit on behalf of .com.au domain holders. iiNet withdrew this action when Melbourne IT assured them it would not remove existing domains until at"
"AusRegistry International AusRegistry International is a wholly owned subsidiary of AusRegistry Pty Ltd, the current Registry Operator for the .au ccTLD that provides domain name registry services outside of Australia and other registry services. In 2005 AusRegistry International developed the ENUM Trial Registry for Australia in conjunction with the Australian Communications and Media Authority. In 2006 AusRegistry International was engaged by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, UAE to provide consultancy services to assist in the review of the framework, governance and administration of the .ae domain. In 2007 AusRegistry International became the official vendor of Registry Software for the .ae domain"
"International communities. Free DNS services were provided to various smaller nation-states on the sub-continent and throughout the Pacific Rim, in many cases being the primary authoritative server for these countries until they could provide their own infrastructure. Some of these countries include, but are not limited to, Fiji, Kiribati, Nepal and Micronesia.In May, 1994, Connect.com.au became the first Internet Service Provider with a formal arrangement to use the university AARNet network as its internet backbone. Within Australia Connect became the registry for the .net.au namespace to reduce some of the burden of these domain registrations from Robert Elz. This coincided"
"would be mitigated with the release of the direct second-level registrations has led to a delay. Registering a domain in the .au namespace requires registrants to have either an exact match or a “close and substantial connection” to their desired domain name. This “policy rich” approach to the name space, begun by Robert Elz and continued by auDA, has meant the .au domain space has avoided the cybersquatting and other illicit uses of domains prevalent in other more permissive domains. Registration of a .au domain is completed through a reseller, known as a registrar, with the registry acting as the"
"decision to introduce direct registrations in .au – for example ""yourname.au"" – after the submission of the final report of the 2015 Names Policy Panel. This follows on from the introduction of direct registration in the .uk and .nz domain spaces. Direct registration is due to be implemented in 2017. auDA is responsible for handling complaints and reducing fraud in domain name registration. This responsibility includes complaints regarding .au domain names, referred to as domain complaints and complaints concerning .au registrars and resellers, known as industry complaints. This responsibility does not extend to complaints about the content or use of"
"and the new registry launched on 3 August 2008. AusRegistry International AusRegistry International is a wholly owned subsidiary of AusRegistry Pty Ltd, the current Registry Operator for the .au ccTLD that provides domain name registry services outside of Australia and other registry services. In 2005 AusRegistry International developed the ENUM Trial Registry for Australia in conjunction with the Australian Communications and Media Authority. In 2006 AusRegistry International was engaged by the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, UAE to provide consultancy services to assist in the review of the framework, governance and administration of the .ae domain. In 2007 AusRegistry International became the"
"News.com.au news.com.au is an Australian news and entertainment website owned by News Corp Australia. It has a unique audience of 9.5 million readers each month and specialises in breaking national and international news as well as entertainment, sport, lifestyle, travel, technology and finance. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, news.com.au was the 19th and 27th most visited website in Australia respectively, as of July 2015. SimilarWeb rates the site as the third most visited news website in Australia, attracting more than 18 million visitors per month. Nielsen Online Ratings rated news.com.au as Australia's most popular news website"
"is AUD1,000, whilst all others with the exception of edu.ki, which costs AUD50, are AUD150. edu.ki and gov.ki and reserved for their respective entities in Kiribati, such as The University of the South Pacific, Kiribati Centre. The registrant of ""de.ki"" offers free redirected subdomains beneath this address to the German-speaking market, and this accounts for a large number of the current uses of .ki on the Web. .ki .ki is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Kiribati. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s the domain was managed on behalf of the Republic of Kiribati by an"
"(FTTP) and improved fixed wireless and satellite access through the National Broadband Network in July 2009. Subsequently, the roll out was down graded to a ""Multi-Technology Mix"" on the promise of it being less expensive with earlier completion. Australia was recognised as part of the Internet when the .au domain (ccTLD) was delegated to Robert Elz of the Australian Computing Science Network (ACSNet) in March 1986. From then on various universities connected intermittently (mostly via dialup UUCP protocol links) to allow for the sending and receiving of email links and for use by emerging newsgroup facilities. Prior to IP-based connection"
"& ib.com.au are the first registrars to be accredited in 2013 a world first for the domain name industry . Informed by the original domain eligibility criteria developed by Robert Elz, auDA has maintained a policy of requiring registrants to have either an exact match or a ""close and substantial connection"" to their desired domain name. This ""policy rich"" approach to the name space, begun by Elz and continued by auDA, has meant the .au domain space has avoided the cybersquatting and other illicit uses of domains prevalent in other more permissive domains. In 2016, the auDA board announced its"
"Nine.com.au Nine.com.au (formerly Ninemsn) is one of Australia’s leading news and current events websites, owned by ASX-listed company, Nine Entertainment Co. It was originally established as a 50:50 joint venture between Microsoft and PBL Media (now Nine Entertainment Co.) in 1997 as ""Ninemsn"". Microsoft sold its stake in the venture to Nine Entertainment in 2013 and the company was rebranded as Nine Digital in 2016. The website was rebranded to its current name Nine.com.au on 28 June 2016. Today Nine.com.au is a network of sites include 9News, Nine’s Wide Word of Sports, and 9Honey. The venture was established in 1997,"
"of Cogent, as well as IDR Management Services, based in London. Arq Group currently operates four main global offices. For historical reasons (outlined below) Melbourne IT had a de facto monopoly on com.au domain name registrations for several years, providing more than half of its revenues until April 1999 when ICANN awarded it one of the first five registrar licences to compete with Network Solutions Inc in registering domain names under .com, .net and .org. From December 1999, when Melbourne IT listed on the ASX, the registration of international domain names has dominated its revenues. Internationally, as an ICANN-accredited registrar,"
"as of January 2015. News.com.au news.com.au is an Australian news and entertainment website owned by News Corp Australia. It has a unique audience of 9.5 million readers each month and specialises in breaking national and international news as well as entertainment, sport, lifestyle, travel, technology and finance. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, news.com.au was the 19th and 27th most visited website in Australia respectively, as of July 2015. SimilarWeb rates the site as the third most visited news website in Australia, attracting more than 18 million visitors per month. Nielsen Online Ratings rated news.com.au as Australia's"
"was initially slow to take off there have recently been signs of increasing maturity in the .au aftermarket culminating in the record $125,500 sale of investmentproperty.com.au. The auDA ISS is a world-first industry initiative aimed at improving the security of .au registrar businesses, protecting .au registrants and enhancing the overall stability and integrity of the .au domain space. auDA introduced the ISS in October 2013 as a mandatory requirement, and all accredited registrars must be certified as ISS compliant within 24 months. Discount Domain Name services (DDNS), Cheaper Domains and Information Brokers, part of the Total Internet Group, are the"