"in Germany was the location where the first ever non-modern human fossil was discovered and recognised in 1856; the new species of human was named Neanderthal man. The Neanderthal 1 fossils are now known to be 40,000 years old. At a similar age, evidence of modern humans has been found in caves in the Swabian Jura near Ulm. The finds include 42,000-year-old bird bone and mammoth ivory flutes which are the oldest musical instruments ever found, the 40,000-year-old Ice Age Löwenmensch figurine which is the oldest uncontested figurative art ever discovered, and the 35,000-year-old Venus of Hohle Fels which is"
"Neandertals. These discoveries may or may not be attributable to the Neandertals but exhibit similar characteristics. Neandertal (valley) The Neandertal (; ) (sometimes called ""the Neander Valley"" in English) is a small valley of the river Düssel in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about east of Düsseldorf, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia. The valley lies within the limits of the towns of Erkrath and Mettmann. In August, 1856, the area became famous for the discovery of Neanderthal 1, the first specimen of ""Homo neanderthalensis"" to be found. The Neandertal was originally a limestone canyon widely known for"
"Düssel The Düssel is a small right tributary of the river Rhine in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Its source is east of Wülfrath. It flows westward through the Neander Valley where the fossils of the first Neanderthal man were found in August 1856. At Düsseldorf it forms a river delta by splitting into four streams (Nördliche Düssel, Südliche Düssel, Kittelbach, Brückerbach), which all join the Rhine after a few kilometres. The Nördliche Düssel flows through the Hofgarten and passes under the Golden Bridge. Düsseldorf takes its name from the Düssel: ""Düsseldorf"" means ""the village of Düssel"". The name Düssel itself"
"Neandertal (valley) The Neandertal (; ) (sometimes called ""the Neander Valley"" in English) is a small valley of the river Düssel in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about east of Düsseldorf, the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia. The valley lies within the limits of the towns of Erkrath and Mettmann. In August, 1856, the area became famous for the discovery of Neanderthal 1, the first specimen of ""Homo neanderthalensis"" to be found. The Neandertal was originally a limestone canyon widely known for its rugged scenery, waterfalls and caves. However, industrial quarrying during the 19th and 20th centuries removed"
"Denisovan The Denisovans or Denisova hominins ) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus ""Homo"". Pending its status as either species or subspecies, it currently carries the temporary names ""Homo sapiens"" [subspecies] ""denisova"", and ""Homo"" sp. ""Altai"". In , scientists announced the discovery of an undated finger bone fragment of a juvenile female found in the Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, a cave that has also been inhabited by Neanderthals and modern humans. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the finger bone showed it to be genetically distinct from Neanderthals and modern humans."
"Africans. This suggests that interbreeding between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans took place after the recent ""out of Africa"" migration, likely between 60,000 and 40,000 years ago. Neanderthals are named after one of the first sites where their fossils were discovered in the mid-19th century in the Neander Valley, just east of Düsseldorf, at the time in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia (now in Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany). The valley itself was named for Joachim Neander, ""Neander"" being the graecicized form of the surname ""Neumann"" (""new man""). The German spelling of ""Thal"" ""Valley"" was current in the 19th century"
"Neanderthal 1 Feldhofer 1, Neanderthal 1 is the scientific name of the 40,000-year-old type specimen fossil of the species ""Homo neanderthalensis"", found in August 1856 in a German cave, the Kleine Feldhofer Grotte in the Neandertal valley, east of Düsseldorf. In 1864 the fossil's description was first published in a scientific magazine and officially named. However, the find was not the first Neanderthal fossil discovery. Rather, the true nature and significance had not been recognized on any of the earlier fossils, and therefore no separate species' name was assigned. The discovery was made by limestone quarry miners. Neanderthal 1 consists"
"probably dates back to the Germanic *""thusila"" and means ""roar"" (Old High German ""doson"", German ""tosen""). Düssel The Düssel is a small right tributary of the river Rhine in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. Its source is east of Wülfrath. It flows westward through the Neander Valley where the fossils of the first Neanderthal man were found in August 1856. At Düsseldorf it forms a river delta by splitting into four streams (Nördliche Düssel, Südliche Düssel, Kittelbach, Brückerbach), which all join the Rhine after a few kilometres. The Nördliche Düssel flows through the Hofgarten and passes under the Golden Bridge. Düsseldorf"
"Valley in the German Rhineland, in 1856. Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were stockier, with shorter legs and bigger bodies. In conformance with Bergmann's rule, this likely was an adaptation to preserve heat in cold climates. Male and female Neanderthals had cranial capacities averaging and , respectively, within the range of the values for anatomically modern humans. Average males stood around and females tall. Since 2010, there has been growing evidence for admixture between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans. This admixture is reflected in the genomes of modern European and Asian populations, but not in the genomes of most sub-Saharan"
"in the surrounding area contain the names of animals within them, such as Ochsenthal (""oxen""), Morlesau (""sow""), Schweinfurt (""pig""), Hammelburg (""sheep""), Wolfsmünster (""wolf""), Fuchsstadt (""fox""), Hundsfeld (""dog""), Katzenbach (""cat""), Rossmühle (""horse""), Wittershausen (""ram""), Hassenbach (""hare""), Motten (""moths""), Schnackenwert (""mosquitoes"") and Geiersnest (""vultures""), may very well have had something to do with the origin of this somewhat fanciful version of the famous biblical story. Sodenberg Sodenberg is a 481m high basalt cone (German: ""basaltkegel""), the remnant of an extinct volcanic crater, located in the Franconian Saale (German: ""Fränkische Saale""), in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia (German: ""Unterfranken""). From its heights"
"Kleine Feldhofer Grotte Kleine Feldhofer Grotte was a karstic limestone cave and a paleoanthropologic site in the Neandertal Valley in western Germany. In August 1856, the Neanderthal type specimen was unearthed from the cave. Miners uncovered a skull cap and a number of skeletal bones to be labeled Neanderthal. The bones belong to at least three distinct individuals. The cave was situated in a limestone gorge with the interior dimensions of in width by in length by in height, and a opening above the valley floor in the south wall which was high. The cave got its name from the"
"This legend gives the cavern its name. The preceding statement may refer to the Erdmannshöhle where the legend is, however, not about dwarfs (which is ""Zwerge"" in German), but rather ""Erdmännlein"" which can be translated as ""manikin of the earth"" and which seem to have a different origin. It is, however, possible that the ""dwarvers"" have their origin in the ""Erdmännlein"". Hasel, Germany Hasel is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The placename was first mentioned in a document dated 7 June 820 in which the monastery of St. Gallen lent its property in ""Hasalaho"""
"preyed on insects and other small arthropods. ""Ascendonanus"" was named and described in 2018 from remains of five individuals that were discovered in the Chemnitz petrified forest, an Early Permian tropical fossil forest preserved under the city of Chemnitz, Germany. A Pompeii-like pyroclastic volcanic eruption 291 million years ago buried the forest and created the Zeisigwald Tuff Horizon in the uppermost Leukersdorf Formation (late Sakmarian/early Artinskian transition stage), preserving some of the animals that lived there in exceptional detail in a bottom layer of volcanic ash. The type species name ""Ascendonanus nestleri"" honors Knut Nestler, a long-time local supporter (deceased)"
"local historian, found out that first signs of settlement prove the existence of Waldorf in 646. Thus Waldorf celebrated its 1350th anniversary in 1996. Waldorf, Rhineland-Palatinate Waldorf is a municipality belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde Bad Breisig in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In 2005 Waldorf had 926 inhabitants. Waldorf is located in the eastern foothills of the Eifel in the Vinxt Valley between Sinzig and Niederzissen, below the Bausenberg, an extinct volcano. Waldorf is marked by the Geology of the Bausenberg. The lava flow flew along the today's southern border of the village. At the western border of"
"Karsdorf remains The Kardorf remains are the bodies of more than 30 Neolithic humans who were buried in the vicinity of Karsdorf, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. Two males, known as KAR6 (or I0795) and KAR16a (I0797), have been of great interest to scholars as the subject of successful Y-DNA analysis. Both have been found to belong to subclades of Y-DNA Haplogroup T1, which is rare in modern populations. These ancient specimens' mtDNA haplogroups have been found to be H1* (H1au1b) and H46b. Their autosomal ancestral components also consist of around 70% ""Western European Hunter-Gatherer"" (WHG) and 30% ""Basal Eurasian"". Both men lived"
"Düsseldorf-Düsseltal Düsseltal is a borough of Düsseldorf with a rather well-off population and developed around an old convent. It is also known as Düsseldorf-Zoo (after Düsseltal's S-Bahn station), because, until 1943, there was a zoological garden in Düsseltal. The word Düsseltal is German for the valley of the river Düssel. Düsseltal's neighboring boroughs are, clockwise from the north: Rath, Grafenberg, Flingern, and Derendorf. It is also bordered by the Cologne–Duisburg railway and the Grafenberg forest. Düsseltal occupies an area of 2.98 km and has a population of 23,219. There was a low population density in the region between Düsseldorf(proper) and"
"Brillenhöhle The Brillenhöhle (, literally ""spectacles cave"") is a cave ruin, located west of Ulm on the Swabian Alb in south-western Germany, where archaeological excavations have documented human habitation since as early as 30,000 years ago. Excavated by Gustav Riek from 1955 to 1963, the cave's Upper Paleolithic layers contain a sequence of Aurignacian, Gravettian and Magdalenian artifacts. In 1956 the first human fossils were discovered within a fireplace in the center of the cave, a discovery which made important contributions to the foundational understanding of the Magdalenian culture of central Europe. Brillenhöhle is located in the Ach Valley, lying"
"Dreuschendorf Dreuschendorf is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany. It is in Upper Franconia, in the Bamberg district. Dreuschendorf is a constituent community of Buttenheim. In 2007, the village had a population of 327. Dreuschendorf has an elevation of about 273 meters. The Deichselbach stream flows through the village, and west of the village, the Schußbach stream flows into the Deichselbach. Dreuschendorf lies in the nature park ""Naturpark Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst."" Dreuschendorf lies on the Staatsstraße 2260. Dreuschendorf was first mentioned in the year 1116; it was at that time named ""Druskendorf"" (or ""village of the companions"")."
"Düsseldorf, a hilly character. Thus Unterbach climbs from here, beginning on Lake Unterbach at the foot of the Korresberg, rising behind the closed land development in the city of Erkrath, to a height of 100 meters. This location, the local recreation area of Unterbacher lake/Eller forest and the partial Unterbach forest lying on Erkrath's area makes it into a borough with a high standard of living. Unterbach has about 7,254 inhabitants with a small population density of 795 inhabitants for each km². The Lake Unterbach (Unterbacher See), in the local linguistic usage excavator hole, is a former excavator lake in"
"Lichtenstein Cave The Lichtenstein Cave is a 1972 discovered archaeological cave site near Dorste, Lower Saxony, Germany with a length of . The skeletal remains of 21 female humans and 19 males, dated to the Bronze Age, about 3,000 years ago were discovered. In addition, around 100 bronze objects (ear rings, bracelets, and finger rings) and ceramic parts from the Urnfield Culture were found. Both mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA tests were conducted on the skeletons and published by the University of Göttingen. Mitochondrial haplogroups found included 17 from H, 5 from T2, 9 from U5b and 5 from J*."
"Neanderthal Neanderthals (, also ;) (""Homo neanderthalensis"" or ""Homo sapiens neanderthalensis"") are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus ""Homo"", who lived in Eurasia until 40,000 years ago. Currently earliest fossils of Neanderthals in Europe are dated between 430,000 to 450,000 years ago, and thereafter Neanderthals expanded into Southwest and Central Asia. They are known from numerous fossils, as well as stone tool assemblages. Almost all assemblages younger than 160,000 years are of the so-called Mousterian techno-complex, which is characterised by tools made out of stone flakes. The type specimen is Neanderthal 1, found in Neander"
"Geisel valley The Geisel valley () is a valley in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, situated west of Merseburg, Saalekreis district. It is named after the River Geisel which rises in Mücheln and is a tributary of the Saale, just under long. Its main settlements are Braunsbedra and Mücheln, which in future will merge into the 'collective municipality' of ""Geiseltal"". The Geisel valley was quarried for coal from 1698 until the mines were closed in 1994; The mining of brown coal is first attested for 1698 near the Zöbigker grove, but is most likely to be older. Initially only twelve smaller pits emerged"
"European-specific subclade but also found in South India. Haplogroup U2 has been found in the remains of a 30,000-year-old hunter-gatherer from the Kostyonki, Voronezh Oblast in Central-South European Russia., in 4800 to 4000-year-old human remains from a Beaker culture site of the Late Neolithic in Kromsdorf Germany, and in 2,000-year-old human remains from Bøgebjerggård in Southern Denmark. However, haplogroup U2 is rare in present-day Scandinavians. The remains of a 2,000-year-old West Eurasian male of haplogroup U2e1 was found in the Xiongnu Cemetery of Northeast Mongolia. Haplogroup U3 falls into two subclades:: U3a and U3b. Coalescence age for U3a is estimated"
"back to Mettmann, and after the last reorganization of 1975/76 the district got back the old name. The cities Langenfeld and Monheim were included into the district then, while Kettwig became part of the city Essen. The district Mettmann is located just south of the Ruhr area, next to the big cities of Düsseldorf. Most famous is the valley of the small river ""Düssel"", the ""Neanderthal"", where the fossils of the human species Neanderthals were first found. Mettmann (district) Mettmann is a Kreis (district) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring are the Ennepe-Ruhr and the district-free cities Wuppertal,"
"are special protected environmental area ('geschützter Landschaftsbestandteil'). Small animals are looking for protection during wintertime while they are making their hibernation or winter rest. The caves are located in the neighbourhood of the ""Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme Rhön"". They are under the special supervision of the local natural Conservation Office. The place is shrouded in legend. People used to believe that actual goblins lived in the small caves and helped a miller close to the caves. But after the miller mistreated the goblins, they returned to their caves while the miller spent the rest of his life in poverty."
"of which likewise lie within the Bad Kreuznach district. Also belonging to Odernheim am Glan are the outlying homesteads of Am Kapellenberg, Birkenhof, Charlottenhof, Elsenpfuhl, Heddarterhof, Niedermühle, Sonnenberghof, Disibodenberg and Disibodenbergerhof. Some 290,000,000 years ago, in Rotliegend times during the early Permian, a freshwater lake stretched out near what is now Odernheim am Glan, living in which were predatory ancient amphibians, now known to palaeontologists as ""Sclerocephalus haeuseri"", that reached up to two metres in length. Known worldwide are the little Branchiosauridae (gilled lizards) ""Apateon pedestris"" and ""Micromelerpeton credneri"" from Odernheim. Also yielded by the investigations have been fossils of"
"completed in 2009. Kleine Feldhofer Grotte Kleine Feldhofer Grotte was a karstic limestone cave and a paleoanthropologic site in the Neandertal Valley in western Germany. In August 1856, the Neanderthal type specimen was unearthed from the cave. Miners uncovered a skull cap and a number of skeletal bones to be labeled Neanderthal. The bones belong to at least three distinct individuals. The cave was situated in a limestone gorge with the interior dimensions of in width by in length by in height, and a opening above the valley floor in the south wall which was high. The cave got its"
"Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and azure a crozier from base issuant, the crook ending in a rose argent. The nearest Autobahn interchange is ""Biebelnheim"" on the A 63, some 10 km away. In 1972, one of Europe’s richest mammalian fossil fields was discovered through pedological investigation at Dorn-Dürkheim, with many species from the Miocene. In an oxbow of the ancient Rhine bone and tooth fragments were recovered from more than 70 mammalian species, among others sabre-toothed cats, hyenas, tapirs, muntjacs, dwarf deer, forest antelopes, forerunners of today’s horses, and proboscids from the time about 8.5 million years ago"
"low mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, bounded by the Danube in the southeast and the upper Neckar in the northwest. This is near where the Löwenmensch figurine, (meaning ""lion-human"") was found in 1939, forgotten due to the war, and only reexamined following a 1997 discovery of additional parts of the figurine. Conard's team has been exploring the Hohe Fels site for approximately twenty years. Recently they uncovered more fragments of human female figurines that date to the Aurignacian, an Upper Paleolithic culture, confirming dates exceeded only by the Löwenmensch figurine and that such female figurines are more widely distributed than"
"Oberkassel, Bonn Oberkassel is a suburb in the Bonn municipal district of Beuel and lies on the right bank of the Rhine on the edge of the Siebengebirge mountains. Oberkassel has about 7,200 inhabitants. In 1914, workers in a quarry detected a grave with a 50-year-old man, a 20-25-year-old woman and a dog. Carbon-14 datings estimated an age between 13,300 and 14,000 years. A study of the mitochondrial genome sequences in 2013 showed that the animal is indeed ""Canis lupus familiaris"", not a wolf. Oberkassel was first mentioned as ""Cassele"" in 722/723 and as ""Cassela"" in 1144. The name ""Oberkassel"""
"Canis mosbachensis Canis mosbachensis, sometimes known as the Mosbach wolf, is an extinct small wolf that once inhabited Eurasia from the Middle Pleistocene era to the Late Pleistocene. It is widely accepted as the ancestor of ""Canis lupus"", the gray wolf. The holotype of the Mosbach wolf ""Canis mosbachensis"" Soergel, 1925 was found in Jockgrim, Germany. In 2010, a study found that the diversity of the ""Canis"" group decreased by the end of the Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene and was limited in Eurasia to two types of wolves. These were the small wolves of the ""C. mosbachensis–C. variabilis"" group"
"Waldorf, Rhineland-Palatinate Waldorf is a municipality belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde Bad Breisig in the district of Ahrweiler, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. In 2005 Waldorf had 926 inhabitants. Waldorf is located in the eastern foothills of the Eifel in the Vinxt Valley between Sinzig and Niederzissen, below the Bausenberg, an extinct volcano. Waldorf is marked by the Geology of the Bausenberg. The lava flow flew along the today's southern border of the village. At the western border of the village the Bundesautobahn 61 crosses the Vinxt Valley with the Vinxtbachtalbrücke. The first documentary mention was in the year 960. Eugen Ewig, a"
"various mtDNA haplotypes begin to appear again. The five hundred-year span until ""Ursus spelaeus"" final disappearance around 31,500 years ago is considered to be the main intrusion/replacement phase of ""Ursus ingressus"". Sirgenstein Cave The small Sirgenstein Cave, is situated above sea level inside the high ""Sirgenstein"", a limestone rock. The cave sits above the Ach River valley bottom in the central Swabian Jura, southern Germany. Archaeologist R. R. Schmidt excavated the site in 1906 during which he identified indices of prehistoric human presence. He recorded the complete stratigraphic sequence of Palaeolithic and Neolithic origin. In his 1910 analysis Schmidt inspired"