"loan in the amount of 528.78 million SDR’s. Jamaica and the International Monetary Fund Jamaica joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in February of 1963 under the leadership of The Rt. Hon. Sir Alexander Bustamante, one year after the country’s independence. From 1963 to 1966, Rt. Hon. Sir Donald Sangster served as Jamaica’s governor to the IMF and World Bank, and represented Jamaica during delegations held at the IMF and World Bank's Washington D.C. headquarters. In 1963, the IMF made its first loan to Jamaica ever, in the amount of 10 million SDR’s. In 1967, Sir Donald Sangster was elected"
"in financial difficulty. IMF funds come from two major sources:quotas and loans. Quotas, which are pooled funds of member nations, generate most IMF funds. The size of a member's quota depends on its economic and financial importance in the world. Nations with larger economic importance have larger quotas. The quotas are increased periodically as a means of boosting the IMF's resources. The current Managing Director (MD) and Chairwoman of the International Monetary Fund is noted French lawyer and former politician, Christine Lagarde, who has held the post since 5 July 2011. According to the IMF itself, it works to foster"
"Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building The Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building at 33 Liberty Street, which occupies the full block between Liberty, William and Nassau Streets and Maiden Lane in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City, is the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. It is where the monetary policy of the United States is executed by trading dollars and United States Treasury securities. The building also hosts a vault containing the world's largest depository of gold, stored on behalf of numerous government institutions from around the world. Total holdings in"
"Bretton Woods Conference The Bretton Woods Conference, formally known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The conference was held from July 1–22, 1944. Agreements were signed that, after legislative ratification by member governments, established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Early in the Second World War, John Maynard Keynes of the"
"offices in Johannesburg, New Delhi, Kuala Lumpur, Santiago, Mexico City, and a project office in Russia. In June 2012, the IMF merged into the new global federation IndustriALL Global Union. International Metalworkers' Federation The International Metalworkers' Federation (IMF) was a global union federation of metalworkers' trade unions, founded in Zürich, Switzerland in August 1893. As of 2009, the IMF had more than 200 member organisations in 100 countries, representing a combined membership of 25 million workers. The federation was founded as the International Metallurgists' Bureau of Information, becoming the ""International Metalworkers' Federation"" in 1904. From 1921, its constitution called for"
"* -Robert McNamara, President of the World Bank (1968-1981) Kuwait Fund is currently located in al-Murgab, Kuwait City, in two beautifully maintained office buildings, for administration and operations, respectively. Managed as a semi-independent arm of the Kuwaiti government, the Fund maintains sovereignty over its operations, notwithstanding governmental oversight. Originally, the Prime Minister of Kuwait chaired the Fund’s Board of Directors. However, in 2003, an amendment to the law was passed, conferring control of Kuwait Fund to the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In July 1974, the scope of the Fund’s activity was extended to the rest of the developing world (from"
"in 2011 and Chief of Mission to the US Olympic Fencing team at the Beijing Olympics in 2008. Sunil Sabharwal Sunil Sabharwal(in Punjabi ਸੁਨੀਲ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ) is the Alternate Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, to which he was appointed by the White House on April 3, 2014. He is an independent business investor and advisor of Indian-Hungarian descent who escaped from the Hungarian People's Republic in 1983 and returned in 1992 after the collapse of communism to set up the Budapest office of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Most recently, he was Chairman of the Board"
"International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in developing countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.. It was established in 1956, as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, to advance economic development by investing in for-profit and commercial projects for poverty reduction and promoting development. The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources for private enterprise, promoting"
"multilingual publications, government advocacy, and a web-based Personal Information Management system for recording care and treatment. The IMF is based in North Hollywood, California, and, according to its 2013 annual report, has a membership of 350,000 people in 140 countries. Its motto is ""Improving lives — Finding the cure"". The IMF was founded in 1990 by Brian Novis, who was diagnosed with multiple myeloma at age 33, his wife Susie Novis, and his physician Brian G.M. Durie, M.D. Brian Novis died of myeloma in 1992, but the IMF's work continues with Susie Novis serving as President and Dr. Durie as"
"on institutional matters, including work of the Board of Governors. Lin studied at the University of International Business and Economics (Beijing) in Beijing, China, and at the University of California, Berkeley. He earned his doctorate in international finance from the George Washington University. Lin Jianhai Lin Jianhai () is a Chinese economist and first-ever Secretary-General of the International Monetary Fund from China. He was appointed this position in March 2012. Lin previously served senior positions in the Secretary's, Finance, Policy Development and Review, and Asian and Pacific Departments. He has worked at the IMF since 1989 and manages the Secretary"
"International Monetary Market The International Monetary Market (IMM), a spin-off from the old Chicago Mercantile Exchange and largely the creation of Leo Melamed, is today one of four divisions of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the largest futures exchange in the United States, for the trading of futures contracts and options on futures. The IMM was started on May 16, 1972. Two of the more prevalent contracts traded are currency futures and interest rate futures, specifically, 3-month Eurodollar time deposits and 90-day U.S. Treasury bills. The other two CME divisions includes the Index and Option Market (IOM) and Growth and"
"International Monetary Fund. The International Monetary Fund is an organization made up of 189 countries whose goal is to promote high employment, economic stability, financial security and high international trade. In 2002, the International Monetary Fund agreed to offer Turkey roughly $16 Billion over the following 3 years in an attempt to lower public debts by creating a surplus in budget revenues. Following this, the Turkish government implemented a number of public reforms, with the most important being the new adoption of a public sector primary surplus 6.5% of the nation's GNP target for the years of 2003 and beyond."
"on loan and investment policies to the Board of Executive Director. In addition this person is responsible for conducting and submitting an Annual Report to the Board of Governors. The AMF's headquarters are in the city of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Member countries (22) are: Arab Monetary Fund The Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) is a regional Arab organization, a working sub-organization of the Arab League. It was founded 1976, and has been operational since 1977. The first president and director of the Arab Monetary Fund, from 1977 to 1982, was Dr. Jawad Hashim. In 1982,"
"largest loan issued by the Bank to date). All of the 193 UN members and Kosovo that are WBG members participate at a minimum in the IBRD. As of May 2016, all of them also participate in some of the other four organizations: IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID., WBG members by the number of organizations which they participate in: Non-members are: Andorra, Cuba, Liechtenstein, Monaco, State of Palestine, Vatican City, Taiwan, and North Korea. Together with four affiliated agencies created between 1957 and 1988, the IBRD is part of the World Bank Group. The Group's headquarters are in Washington, D.C. It"
"IIF serves its membership by: The Institute's Board of Directors numbers 38, led by Chairman Axel Weber; Vice Chairmen Brian Porter (also Treasurer of the IIF) and Walter Kielholz. The IIF's President and Chief Executive Officer is Timothy D. Adams, who has held the position since February 1, 2013. The Institute is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and has satellite offices in Dubai, Beijing, Singapore and London. The Institute of International Finance is the global association of the financial industry, with close to 500 members from 70 countries. IIF members include most of the world's largest commercial banks and investment banks,"
"Water and Sanitation programme. Michel Camdessus Michel Camdessus (born 1 May 1933) is a French applied economist and administrator who was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 16 January 1987 to 14 February 2000. To date, he is the longest serving Managing Director of the IMF. Among the most important events of his tenure was the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. His role has been criticized for not paying attention to the unique circumstances of the East Asian countries and blindly imposing the measures that were followed in Mexico leading to considerable turmoil and rioting in countries"
"Michel Camdessus Michel Camdessus (born 1 May 1933) is a French applied economist and administrator who was Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 16 January 1987 to 14 February 2000. To date, he is the longest serving Managing Director of the IMF. Among the most important events of his tenure was the 1997 East Asian financial crisis. His role has been criticized for not paying attention to the unique circumstances of the East Asian countries and blindly imposing the measures that were followed in Mexico leading to considerable turmoil and rioting in countries such as Indonesia. Previously,"
"materials than conventional homes. International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in developing countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C.. It was established in 1956, as the private-sector arm of the World Bank Group, to advance economic development by investing in for-profit and commercial projects for poverty reduction and promoting development. The IFC's stated aim is to create opportunities for people to escape poverty and achieve better living standards by mobilizing financial resources"
"for prominent organizations in the international community. The United Nations is playing an increasing role in good governance. According to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, ""Good governance is ensuring respect for human rights and the rule of law; strengthening democracy; promoting transparency and capacity in public administration."" To implement this, the UN follows eight principles: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created at a United Nations (UN) conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. In 1996, the IMF declared ""promoting good governance in all its aspects, including by ensuring the rule of law, improving the efficiency and accountability of the public"
"based in Paris, France. The Parliamentary Network on the World Bank & IMF is principally focused on increasing transparency and accountability of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund by: Every year, the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank & IMF organizes, jointly with the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund, the Global Parliamentary Conference. The conference brings together legislators, the IMF and World Bank leadership. The Parliamentary Network organizes visits for parliamentarians to on-the-ground development projects supported by the World Bank and the IMF. To this day, its members have participated in visits to Albania,"
"Fund including Boston, Chicago, Palm Beach, New York City, Dallas, Denver, San Francisco, San Diego, Philadelphia, New Jersey and Washington D.C. In parallel with expansion within the USA, Ireland Funds were established in a range of countries, from Ireland itself to Canada (launched 1978), Australia (launched 1987), Great Britain (1988), France (1990), New Zealand (1992), Germany (1993), Japan (1993), Monaco (1998), China (1998) and Singapore (2009). Shared world headquarters for The Ireland Funds were opened in Boston in 1994. With over 100 events annually in 40 cities around the world, attended by 40,000 people, and raising over $550 million since"
"Christine Lagarde Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (; née Lallouette, ; born 1 January 1956) is a French lawyer and politician who is currently serving as the Managing Director (MD) and Chairwoman of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Lagarde has held the position since 5 July 2011. Previously, she held various senior ministerial posts in the French government: she was Minister of Economic Affairs, Finance and Employment, Minister of Agriculture and Fishing and Minister of Trade in the government of Dominique de Villepin. Lagarde was the first woman to become Finance Minister of a G8 economy and is the first woman"
"Articles of Association. The organization is headquartered in the United Kingdom (London). Since 2007 the number of Member countries has increased from nine to twenty nine. The Members were (as of December 2016): Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay. The Member countries provide the bulk of the institutional financing through payment of yearly Member fees, which are based on Gross National Income. Members of IHTSDO can be either an"
"International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds The International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) is a nonprofit international group of sovereign wealth funds managers which was established in 2009. It is based in London, England. In 2009, a group of 23 leading state-owned international investors from around the world established the IFSWF’s precursor, the International Working Group of Sovereign Wealth Funds, following discussions with global groups such as the G20, IMF, and the U.S. Department of Treasury in 2007 and 2008. The Working Group created a set of Generally Accepted Principles and Practices, better known as the ""Santiago Principles"", for"
"the University of Maryland. She is married with two children and resides in Virginia. Meg Lundsager Meg Lundsager has been since 2007 the Executive Director for the United States portion of the International Monetary Fund. The US votes in this forum are listed on a Treasury webpage, and are especially useful because the votes are linked with the press releases of the IMF announcements. From government website: Meg Lundsager currently represents the United States as the Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund. In this capacity she casts the U.S. vote at the IMF Board of Directors and works closely"
"Sunil Sabharwal Sunil Sabharwal(in Punjabi ਸੁਨੀਲ ਸਭਰਵਾਲ) is the Alternate Executive Director of the International Monetary Fund, to which he was appointed by the White House on April 3, 2014. He is an independent business investor and advisor of Indian-Hungarian descent who escaped from the Hungarian People's Republic in 1983 and returned in 1992 after the collapse of communism to set up the Budapest office of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Most recently, he was Chairman of the Board of Ogone, a European Internet payment services company with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. A former NCAA All-American and"
"adapted and improved upon in the post-war era. The Bretton Woods Conference was the gathering of 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. The conference was held from July 1–22, 1944. It established the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and created the Bretton Woods system. Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: Although the 1940s was a decade dominated by World War II,"
"member nations, the IBRD acquires most of its capital by borrowing on international capital markets through bond issues. In 2011, it raised $29 billion USD in capital from bond issues made in 26 different currencies. The Bank offers a number of financial services and products, including flexible loans, grants, risk guarantees, financial derivatives, and catastrophic risk financing. It reported lending commitments of $26.7 billion made to 132 projects in 2011. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) were established by delegates at the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 and became operational in 1946. The"
"Financial District, Manhattan The Financial District of Lower Manhattan, also known as FiDi, is a neighborhood located on the southern tip of Manhattan Island, where the City of New York itself originated in 1624. The district comprises the offices and headquarters of many of the city's major financial institutions, including the New York Stock Exchange and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Anchored on Wall Street in the Financial District, New York City has been called both the most financially powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and the New York Stock Exchange is the world's"
"In October 2018, Gita Gopinath was appointed chief economist of the International Monetary Fund. Gita Gopinath is the John Zwaanstra Professor of International Studies and of Economics at Harvard University. She is co-director of the International Finance and Macroeconomics program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, a member of the economic advisory panel of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Economic Adviser to the Chief Minister of Kerala state (India), a co-editor at the American Economic Review, co-editor of the current Handbook of International Economics and was managing"
"the IMF International Monetary Financial Committee on 11 October 2008. They also considered a standing committee to represent them and so a new organisation, the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) was then set up to maintain the new standards going forward and represent them in international policy debates. As of 2016, 30 funds have formally signed up to the Principles representing collectively 80% of assets managed by sovereign funds globally or USD 5.5 trillion. New SWFs were established in various developed jurisdictions after 2010 following the rise in energy and commodity prices, e.g., the North Dakota Legacy Fund"
"Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank). During the inaugural plenary session on July 1, 1944, the Head of the Mexican Delegation, Eduardo Suarez, nominated him as Permanent President of the Conference. This motion was seconded by the Brazilian Head Delegate, Arthur de Souza Costa, and widely supported by several other delegations such as the Canadian and Soviet ones. In 1945, when Harry S. Truman became President, Morgenthau insisted on accompanying Truman to Potsdam by threatening to quit if he was not allowed to, Truman accepted his resignation immediately. He devoted the remainder of"
"Anne Osborn Krueger Anne Osborn Krueger (; born February 12, 1934) is an American economist. She was the World Bank Chief Economist from 1982 to 1986, and the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2001 to 2006. She is currently professor of international economics at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C. Krueger was born on February 12, 1934, in Endicott, New York. Her father was a physician. Her uncles include the Australian politician Sir Reginald Wright and physiologist Sir Roy Wright. She received her undergraduate degree from Oberlin College and"