"in a real rhinoceros, although the Indian rhinoceros does have deep folds in its skin that can look like armor from a distance. Despite its anatomical inaccuracies, Dürer's woodcut became very popular in Europe and was copied many times in the following three centuries. It was regarded by Westerners as a true representation of a rhinoceros into the late 18th century. Eventually, it was supplanted by more realistic drawings and paintings, particularly those of Clara the rhinoceros, who toured Europe in the 1740s and 1750s. It has been said of Dürer's woodcut: ""probably no animal picture has exerted such a"
"size, one or two horns, and a thick (1.5–5 cm) protective skin formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter when necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food. Rhinoceros are killed by some humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and used by some cultures for ornaments or traditional medicine."
"Africa plans to draft regulations for the sale of rhino horn, possibly including export for ""non-commercial purposes"". The South African government has suggested that a legal trade of rhino horn be established, arguing that this could reduce poaching and prevent the extinction of this species. Rhinoceros horns, unlike those of other horned mammals, (which have a bony core), only consist of keratin, similar to human hair and nails. Rhinoceros horns are used in traditional medicines in parts of Asia, and for dagger handles in Yemen and Oman. Esmond Bradley Martin has reported on the trade for dagger handles in Yemen."
"this species was probably based upon the skull of a single-horned Indian rhinoceros (""Rhinoceros unicornis""), with a second horn artificially added by the collector. Such a skull is known to have existed and Linnaeus even mentioned India as origin of this species. However he also referred to reports from early travellers about a double-horned rhino in Africa and when it emerged that there is only one, single-horned species of rhino in India, """"Rhinoceros"" bicornis"" was used to refer to the African rhinos (the white rhino only became recognised in 1812). In 1911 this was formally fixed and the Cape of"
"western Botswana and western South Africa; East African (""Diceros bicornis michaeli""), primarily in Tanzania; and West African (""Diceros bicornis longipes"") which was declared extinct in November 2011. The native Tswanan name ""keitloa"" describes a South African variation of the black rhino in which the posterior horn is equal to or longer than the anterior horn. An adult black rhinoceros stands high at the shoulder and is in length. An adult weighs from , exceptionally to , with the females being smaller than the males. Two horns on the skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically 50"
"is composed of (""rhino-"", ""nose""), (""keras"", ""horn"") and ""ontos"": on: with a horn on the nose. The plural in English is ""rhinoceros"" or ""rhinoceroses"". The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is ""crash"" or ""herd"". The name has been in use since the 14th century. The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: ""Ceratotherium"" (White rhinoceros), ""Dicerorhinus"" (Sumatran rhinoceros), ""Diceros"" (Black rhinoceros) and ""Rhinoceros"" (Indian and Javan rhinoceros). The living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros, belong to the tribe Dicerotini, which originated in the middle Miocene, about"
"Monoceros (legendary creature) The monoceros () is a legendary animal with only one horn. It derives from the Greek word ""Μονόκερως"", a compound word from μόνος (""monos"") which means ""only one"" / ""single"" and κέρας (""keras"") (neuter gender, which means ""horn"". The monoceros was first described in Pliny the Elder's ""Natural History"" as a creature with the body of a horse, the head of a stag (minus the antlers), the feet of an elephant, and the tail of a wild boar. It has one black horn in the middle of its forehead, which is two cubits in length, and is"
"film ""The Gods Must Be Crazy"" (1980), which shows an African rhinoceros putting out two campfires. Rhinoceros A rhinoceros (, , ), commonly abbreviated to 'rhino', is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of the extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. The term ""rhinoceros"" is often more broadly applied to now extinct relatives of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea. Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species able to reach or exceed one"
"distinguishes them from other pecorans. Male horn development has been linked to sexual selection, while the presence of horns in females is likely due to natural selection. The horns of females are usually smaller than those of males, and are sometimes of a different shape. The horns of female bovids are thought to have evolved for defense against predators or to express territoriality, as nonterritorial females, which are able to use crypsis for predator defense, often do not have horns. Rhinoceros horns, unlike those of other horned mammals, only consist of keratin. The horns rest on the nasal ridge of"
"Hornbill The hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly colored and sometimes has a casque on the upper mandible. Both the common English and the scientific name of the family refer to the shape of the bill, ""buceros"" being ""cow horn"" in Greek. Hornbills have a two-lobed kidney. They are the only birds in which the first and second neck vertebrae (the atlas and axis respectively) are fused together; this probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the"
"the Maboko beds, which has yielded one of the best collections of rhinoceroses in Africa. Teeth and skull morphology suggest that ""Victoriaceros"" belongs to subfamily Elasmotheriinae, whose might be not monophyletic. A second species, ""Victoriaceros hooijeri"", was named in 2016 from the Kisiringi locality in Western Kenia. ""Victoriaceros"" was first named by Denis Geraads, Monte McCrossin and Brenda Benefit in 2012 and the type species is ""Victoriaceros kenyensis"". The generic name is derived from the name of Lake Victoria, and from Ancient Greek ""keras"" meaning ""horn"" thus, the name means ""Lake Victoria's horn"". The specific name refers to Kenya. Victoriaceros"
"north-eastern black rhinoceros. The western black rhinoceros measured long, had a height of , and weighed . It had two horns, the first measuring and the second . Like all Black Rhinos, they were browsers, and their common diet included leafy plants and shoots around their habitat. During the morning or evening, they would browse for food. During the hottest parts of the day, they slept or wallowed. They inhabited much of sub-Saharan Africa. Many people believe their horns held medicinal value, which led to heavy poaching. However, this belief has no grounding in scientific fact. Like most black rhinos,"
"is characterised by an increased adaptation to browsing. Between four and five million years ago, the black rhinoceros diverged from the white rhinoceros. After this split, the direct ancestor of ""Diceros bicornis"", ""Diceros praecox"" was present in the Pliocene of East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania). ""D. bicornis"" evolved from this species during the Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene. An adult black rhinoceros stands high at the shoulder and is in length. An adult typically weighs from , however unusually large male specimens have been reported at up to . The females are smaller than the males. Two horns on the"
"Crowned hornbill The crowned hornbill (""Lophoceros alboterminatus"") is an African hornbill. It is a medium-sized bird, in length, and is characterized by its white belly and black back and wings. The tips of the long tail feathers are white. The eyes are yellow; the beak is red and presents a stocky casque on the upper mandible. In females, the casque is smaller. The crowned hornbill can be distinguished from the similar Bradfield's hornbill by its shorter beak. The crowned hornbill is a common resident of the coastal and riverine forests of southern (only the eastern coast) to northeastern Africa. It"
"a ram's horns. The name ""cornu ammonis"" refers to the Egyptian deity Amun, who has the head of a ram. The horned appearance of the hippocampus is caused by cell density differentials and the existence of varying degrees of neuronal fibers. In rodents, the hippocampus is positioned so that, roughly, one end is near the top of the head (the dorsal or septal end) and one end near the bottom of the head (the ventral or temporal end). As shown in the figure, the structure itself is curved and subfields or regions are defined along the curve, from CA4 through"
"as . Like the two African species, it has two horns. The larger is the nasal horn, typically only , though the longest recorded specimen was much longer at . The posterior horn is much smaller, usually less than long, and often little more than a knob. The larger nasal horn is also known as the anterior horn; the smaller posterior horn is known as the frontal horn. The horns are dark grey or black in color. The males have larger horns than the females, though the species is not otherwise sexually dimorphic. The Sumatran rhino lives an estimated 30–45"
"by the excrement. Sumatran rhinoceros The Sumatran rhinoceros, also known as the hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros (""Dicerorhinus sumatrensis""), is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It is the only extant species of the genus Dicerorhinus. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of and a tail of . The weight is reported to range from , averaging , although there is a single record of a specimen. Like both African species, it has two horns; the"
"rhinoceroses, Bruno and Gracie. The three animals bonded, and Vince and Bruno, who were the same age, often played together. On 5 March 2017, Vince was shot three times and killed by poachers. They stole one of his horns after sawing it off with a chainsaw, and partially sawed off his second horn. Rhinoceros horns are used in traditional Chinese medicine and Asian cultures, and a single horn can be sold for up to $300,000 on the black market. On his death, Thierry Duguet, the head of the zoo, said ""There has never been a case like this in a"
"Black rhinoceros The black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (""Diceros bicornis"") is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the rhinoceros is referred to as ""black"", its colors vary from brown to grey. The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word ""white"" in the name ""white rhinoceros"" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word ' (Dutch ') meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black"
"skull are made of keratin with the larger front horn typically long, exceptionally up to . The longest known black rhinoceros horn measured nearly in length. Sometimes, a third, smaller horn may develop. These horns are used for defense, intimidation, and digging up roots and breaking branches during feeding. The black rhino is smaller than the white rhino, and is close in size to the Javan Rhino of Indonesia. It has a pointed and prehensile upper lip, which it uses to grasp leaves and twigs when feeding. The white rhinoceros has square lips used for eating grass. The black rhinoceros"
"East Asia, specifically Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and consume them, believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies the Black, Javan, and Sumatran rhinoceros as critically endangered. The word ""rhinoceros"" is derived through Latin from the , which"
"Southern black rhinoceros The southern black rhinoceros or Cape rhinoceros (""Diceros bicornis bicornis"") is an extinct subspecies of the black rhinoceros that was once abundant in South Africa from the Cape Province to Transvaal, southern Namibia, and possibly also Lesotho and southern Botswana. It was brought to extinction by excessive hunting and habitat destruction around 1850. It is unknown from where the original specimen (the holotype), on which Carl Linnaeus based """"Rhinoceros"" bicornis"" in 1758, was collected. It was even proposed that it was indeed the skull of an Indian rhino (""Rhinoceros unicornis"") with a faked second horn, as Linnaeus"
"the rest of the body. White rhinos have the distinctive flat broad mouth that is used for grazing. The name ""black rhinoceros"" (""Diceros bicornis"") was chosen to distinguish this species from the white rhinoceros (""Ceratotherium simum""). This can be confusing, as the two species are not truly distinguishable by color. There are four subspecies of black rhino: South-central (""Diceros bicornis minor""), the most numerous, which once ranged from central Tanzania south through Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique to northern and eastern South Africa; South-western (""Diceros bicornis occidentalis"") which are better adapted to the arid and semi-arid savannas of Namibia, southern Angola,"
"Sumatran rhinoceros The Sumatran rhinoceros, also known as the hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros (""Dicerorhinus sumatrensis""), is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It is the only extant species of the genus Dicerorhinus. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal; it stands high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of and a tail of . The weight is reported to range from , averaging , although there is a single record of a specimen. Like both African species, it has two horns; the larger is the"
"work of another author adds a few more characteristics: ""the horn is conical, bent back towards the head, and longer than a span...the animal's ears protrude on both sides like those of a donkey, and...its upper lip forms into a finger-shape, like the protrusion on the end of an elephant's trunk."" These two descriptions leave no doubt that the Indian Rhinoceros is the basis for the animal. But the future confusion between the rhinoceros and the unicorn was already in the making since the Persian language uses the same word, ""karkadann"", for the mythological animal as it does for the"
"weigh as much as . Like the African species, it has two horns; the larger is the front (), with the smaller usually less than long. Males have much larger horns than the females. Hair can range from dense (the densest hair in young calves) to sparse. The color of these rhinos is reddish brown. The body is short and has stubby legs. The lip is prehensile. Sumatran rhinoceros are on the verge of extinction due to loss of habitat and illegal hunting. Once they were spread across South-east Asia, but now they are confined to several parts of Indonesia"
"the premaxilla. The lacrimal bone has projecting cusps in the eye sockets and a wide contact with the nasal bone. The temporomandibular joint is high and the mandible is enlarged. Rhinos have one or two horns made of agglutinated keratin, unlike the horns of even-toed ungulates, which have a bony core. The number and form of the teeth vary according to diet. The incisors and canines can be very small or completely absent, as in the two African species of rhinoceros. In the horses, usually only the males possess canines. The surface shape and height of the molars is heavily"
"Rhinoceros chameleon The rhinoceros chameleon (""Furcifer rhinoceratus"") is a species of chameleon that gets its common name from its horn-like nose which is most prominent in males. It is endemic to dry forests in Madagascar. The male rhinoceros chameleon can grow to about , about twice as big as the female. The male's proboscis-like snout projects forward above its mouth and gives it its common name. The female has a smaller snout. On the top of the head there is a small crest of triangular, projecting scales, and a further crest runs part way along the spine. The general colour"
"Most Rhinocerotidae have and have had horns, but there are some instances of hornlessness, and most are or were hairy, such as the woolly rhinoceros, but no instances of hair or horn have yet been found for ""Elasmotherium"". Only circumstantial evidence of them exists. The main evidence suggestive of a horn on ""Elasmotherium"" is a frontal protuberance, which struck the attention of the late 19th century palaeontologists and was immediately interpreted as the bony basis for a horn by most investigators from that time forward. A skull of ""E. sibiricum"" from the Volga region (cast shown in this article's lead"
"over Africa. The African elephant is listed as ""Vulnerable"" on the IUCN list, the white rhino is ""Near Vulnerable"" and the black rhino is ""Critically Endangered"". Rhino horn is erroneously believed to have medicinal properties by many people in Asia, and is used as traditional dagger handles in Yemen. As of January 2014, it can fetch US$60,000–100,000. One kilogram of ivory can fetch US$1,000–3,000. With the tusks of an adult elephant weighing up to 50 kg, potential profits for poachers and traders are huge. The trade in rhino horn and ivory is so lucrative that, increasingly, poachers are gaining access"
"and/or inane views. In the first act of the play, the characters spend much time debating whether the rhinoceroses that have mysteriously appeared in France are African or Asian rhinoceroses, and which of the two types were superior to the other - a debate that Ionesco meant to be a satire on racism. Regardless of whether the rhinoceros are African or Asian, the French characters comfortably assume their superiority to the rhinoceros; ironically the same people all become rhinoceroses themselves. Bérenger's friend Jean judges the superiority of African vs. Asian rhinoceroses by their number of horns (making him a caricature"
"in rhino killings has made conservationists concerned about the future of the species. In 2011, the Rhino Rescue Project, organized by Ed and Lorinda Hern of the Rhino & Lion Nature Reserve in Krugersdorp, South Africa, began a horn-trade control method consisting of infusing the horns (while on the living animal) with a mixture of a pink dye and an acaricide (to kill ticks)—which is safe for rhinos but toxic to humans. After sedating the animal, a worker drills holes into the horns, adds fittings, and connects the cavity with rubber hoses to a two-foot-by-four-inch diameter metal container of the"
"evidenced by the species having two horns, instead of one. Other taxonomists regard the Sumatran rhinoceros as a sister taxon of the Indian and Javan rhinoceros because their ranges overlap so closely. A third hypothesis, based on more recent analyses, however, suggests that the two African rhinos, the two Asian rhinos, and the Sumatran rhinoceros represent three essentially separate lineages that split around 25.9 million years ago; which group diverged first remains unclear. Because of morphological similarities, the Sumatran rhinoceros is believed to be closely related to the extinct woolly rhinoceros (""Coelodonta antiquitatis""). The woolly rhinoceros, so named for the"