"Cemetery. Kerensky was portrayed in the 1971 film Nicholas and Alexandra by John McEnery. Alexander Kerensky Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (, ; Russian: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionist who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917. After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed Russian Provisional Government, first as Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's second Minister-Chairman. A leader of the moderate-socialist Trudoviks faction of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, he was also vice-chairman of the"
"Alexei Rykov Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (25 February 188115 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician most prominent as Premier of Russia and the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1929 and 1924 to 1930 respectively. Rykov joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1898, and after it split into Bolshevik and Menshevik factions in 1903, he joined the Bolsheviks—led by Vladimir Lenin. He played an active part in the 1905 Russian Revolution. Months prior to the October Revolution of 1917, he became a member of the Petrograd and Moscow Soviets, and was elected to the Bolshevik"
"to the privatization in Russia. After retiring from the government in 1997, Bolshakov held positions in a number of private companies. He died in Saint Petersburg on 21 April 2017. Alexei Bolshakov (politician) Alexei Alexeyevich Bolshakov (; 17 December 1939, Pskov Oblast, Soviet Union—21 April 2017, Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian politician who served as a First Deputy Chairman of Government of the Russian Federation from 1994 to 1997, during the presidency of Boris Yeltsin. His main role as deputy prime minister was cooperation with other CIS countries and later overseeing industry. Born on 17 December 1939 in the"
"1920's Trepov emigrated to France from where he supported the White Army. He became president of the ""Union des Organisations monarchiques russes"". In 1921 he and his brother-in-law Alexander Mosolov participated in the ""Congrès monarchiste russe"", organized in Bad Reichenhall. He was buried at the Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice. Alexander Trepov Alexander Fyodorovitch Trepov (; 30 September 1862, Kiev – 10 November 1928, Nice) was the Prime Minister of the Russian Empire from 23 November 1916 until 9 January 1917. He was conservative, a monarchist, a member of the Russian Assembly, an advocate of moderate and sane reforms, and opposed"
"after the February Revolution in 1917 and died of uremia in September at the hospital of the Peter and Paul Fortress (or the Kresty Prison). Boris Stürmer Baron Boris Vladimirovich Stürmer (, ""Boris Vladimirovich Shtyurmer"") (27 July 1848 – 9 September 1917) was a Russian lawyer, a Master of Ceremonies at the Russian Court, and a district governor. He became a member of the Russian Assembly, and as a master of political compromise, he served as Prime Minister, and Minister of Internal Affairs and Foreign Minister of the Russian Empire in the year 1916, but he had little or no"
"Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government () was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March [15 March, New Style] 1917. The intention of the provisional government was the organization of elections to the Russian Constituent Assembly and its convention. The provisional government lasted approximately eight months, and ceased to exist when the Bolsheviks gained power after the October Revolution in October [November, N.S.] 1917. According to Harold Whitmore Williams the history of eight months during which Russia was ruled by the Provisional Government was the"
"Alexei Bolshakov (politician) Alexei Alexeyevich Bolshakov (; 17 December 1939, Pskov Oblast, Soviet Union—21 April 2017, Saint Petersburg, Russia) was a Russian politician who served as a First Deputy Chairman of Government of the Russian Federation from 1994 to 1997, during the presidency of Boris Yeltsin. His main role as deputy prime minister was cooperation with other CIS countries and later overseeing industry. Born on 17 December 1939 in the Pskov Oblast, he graduated from the M. A. Bonch-Bruevich Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute with the specialty of electrical-radio engineer. Bolshakov later attended the Institute of Management of the National Economy. Throughout"
"Viktor Chernov Víktor Mikháilovich Chernóv (; December 7, 1873 – April 15, 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and one of the founders of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. He was the primary party theoretician or the 'brain' of the party, and was more analyst than political leader. Following the February Revolution of 1917, Chernov was Minister for Agriculture in the Russian Provisional Government. Later on, he was Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly. Viktor Chernov was born in Novouzensk, a town southeast of Saratov in Samara guberniya. He was the son of a former serf peasant who had risen to become"
"all the prisoners, a large minority of political prisoners (Bolsheviks, Social Revolutionaries, and trade unionists) were released, along with thieves, debtors, murderers and others, without discrimination. After the February Revolution Kresty became a place of imprisonment for the ministers of the Tsarist government and prominent police officers. After the October Revolution they were joined by people from the Russian Provisional Government, non-Bolshevik politicians and intelligentsia. Among the people imprisoned there were Prime Minister Boris Stürmer, who died in Kresty in September 1917, Justice Minister Ivan Scheglovitov, Minister of the Interior Alexei Khvostov, Minister of War Mikhail Belyayev, former Minister of"
"Nikolai Golitsyn Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn (; 12 April 1850 – 2 July 1925) was of Russian nobility and was the last prime minister of Imperial Russia. He served from 29 December 1916 (O.S.) or 9 January 1917 (N.S.) until his government resigned after the outbreak of the February Revolution. Golitsyn was born in Porechye, a village in the Moscow Governorate into the noble Golitsyn family, but passed his childhood in the Dorogobuzhsky District. He was a graduate of the Imperial Alexander Lyceum in 1871 and entered the Ministry of the Interior and appointed in Łomża Governorate (Congress Poland). He"
"such as Stalinism, Maoism, ""Juche"", Ho Chi Minh Thought, and Castroism. Conversely, many later Western communists such as Manuel Azcárate and Jean Ellenstein who were involved in the Eurocommunist movement expressed the view that Lenin and his ideas were irrelevant to their own objectives, thereby embracing a Marxist but not Marxist-Leninist perspective. Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to"
"by the journalist Robert Wilton, who was an operative in the pay of the British Foreign Office; by Paul Bulygin, who was in command of the personal guard of the Dowager Empress Maria; and by Baroness Buxhoeveden, lady-in-waiting to the Tsarina. McNeal comments that such ""soft treatment"" was never afforded by Tsarist sympathizers to any other Bolshevik. Vasily Yakovlev Vasily Vasilyevich Yakovlev ( 16 September 1938) was a Finnish (of Latvian ancestry) old Bolshevik revolutionary and politician. He participated in the October Revolution of 1917; transferred former Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family to Yekaterinburg, where they were later"
"leader of the USSR. During World War I, Tsarist Russia experienced famine and economic collapse. The demoralized Russian Army suffered severe military setbacks, and many captured soldiers deserted the front lines. Dissatisfaction with the monarchy and its policy of continuing the war grew among the Russian people. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated the throne following the February Revolution of 1917 (March 1917 N.S. See: Soviet calendar.), causing widespread rioting in Petrograd and other major Russian cities. The Russian Provisional Government was installed immediately following the fall of the Tsar by the Provisional Committee of the State Duma in early March 1917"
"Alexander Trepov Alexander Fyodorovitch Trepov (; 30 September 1862, Kiev – 10 November 1928, Nice) was the Prime Minister of the Russian Empire from 23 November 1916 until 9 January 1917. He was conservative, a monarchist, a member of the Russian Assembly, an advocate of moderate and sane reforms, and opposed to the influence of Grigori Rasputin. Alexander was the youngest of the four sons of general Fyodor Trepov, who was involved in the suppression of the January Uprising in 1864 and between 1873 and 1878 served as Governor of St Petersburg. All of his three brothers held senior positions"
"and 14 others, mostly Old Bolsheviks, were put on trial again in the Moscow Trials. Kamenev and all the others were found guilty and were executed by shooting on August 25, 1936. On November 7, 1917, Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government (Russia was still using the Julian Calendar at the time, so it is still called the October Revolution). The October Revolution ended the phase of the revolution instigated in February of that year, replacing Russia's short-lived provisional parliamentary government with government by soviets, local councils elected by bodies"
"Vladimir Dzhunkovsky, First Deputy Interior Minister, were discharged from their posts, and four days later, the Tsar took supreme command of the Russian armies fighting on the Eastern Front of the First World War. As ""London Times"" correspondent Robert Wilton put it, Orlov, exiled by events subsequent to the Russian revolution of 1917, was buried in Paris, France. Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov Prince Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov (Dec. 31, 1868-Aug. 29, 1927), one of the Orlov (family), was one of Tsar Nicholas II's closest advisors, and between 1906 and 1915 headed the Tsar's military cabinet. Orlov, who bore the nickname ""Fat Orlov"","
"to ""socialism by design."" Riasanovsky argued that the Provisional Government made perhaps its ""worst mistake"" by not holding elections to the Constituent Assembly soon enough. They wasted time fine-tuning details of the election law, while Russia slipped further into anarchy and economic chaos. By the time the Assembly finally met, Riasanovsky noted, ""the Bolsheviks had already gained control of Russia."" Russian Provisional Government The Russian Provisional Government () was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March [15 March, New Style] 1917. The intention of the provisional"
"the Provisional Government. After negotiations, a new cabinet was chosen on May 6. Alexander Guchkov and Pavel Milyukov, the leader of the Constitutional Democrats (Cadets), left the government. Alexander Kerensky was moved to the Ministry of War. Six socialists took cabinet posts. The rise of the Bolsheviks throughout 1917 is known as the ""Bolshevization of soviets"". The Bolsheviks rapidly assumed the mantle of the official opposition, and took advantage of the new socialist presence in the Cabinet to attack them for the failures of the Provisional Government. The Bolsheviks began a strong run of propaganda. In June, 100,000 copies of"
"Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II (; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian"
"the remains of the Emperor and his immediate family were interred at St. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, on 17 July 1998, on the eightieth anniversary of their executions. The ceremony was attended by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, who said, ""Today is a historic day for Russia. For many years, we kept quiet about this monstrous crime, but the truth has to be spoken."" The British Royal Family was represented at the funeral by Prince Michael of Kent, and more than twenty ambassadors to Russia, including Sir Andrew Wood, Archbishop John Bukovsky, and , were also in attendance. In"
"Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known by the alias Lenin, was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia and then the wider Soviet Union became a one-party communist state governed by the Russian Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, he developed political theories known as Leninism. Born to a wealthy middle-class family in Simbirsk, Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics following his brother's 1887 execution. Expelled from"
"film version of the 1920 re-enactment in 1927. Immediately following the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917, he served as the first Commissar of Defence of Russia until March 1918. Nikolai Podvoisky Nikolai Ilyich Podvoisky () (February 4 (16), 1880 – July 28, 1948) was a Russian revolutionary. He played a large role in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and wrote many articles for the Soviet newspaper Krasnaya Gazeta. He also wrote a history of the Bolshevik Revolution, which describes the progress of the Russian Revolution without mentioning Leon Trotsky or Joseph Stalin. He was chairperson of the Military Revolutionary Committee"
"by the demoralization of the Imperial Army and the sweeping away of existing legislative institutions and intellectual opposition parties, in favor of ""social revolution in its most extreme form"". The document was found amongst the papers of Tsar Nicholas following the February Revolution. Pyotr Durnovo died in September 1915 at his villa in Petrograd. He was the last Russian Imperial Minister of Interior to die from natural causes. His six successors (Pyotr Stolypin, Alexander Makarov, Nikolay Maklakov, [Nikolay Shcherbatov (died in Starnberg, Bavaria, Germany)], Alexey Khvostov, Boris Stürmer, [Alexander Khvostov (died in (died in Yelets, RSFSR [Russia])], Alexander Protopopov) were"
"Christian Rakovsky, Genrikh Yagoda, and sixteen other Soviet officials were found guilty of treason (having plotted with Trotsky against Stalin) and sentenced to death by the Soviet Military Board. Rykov wrote a letter to the Soviet Military board requesting clemency but was unsuccessful in convincing them to overturn the verdict. On 15 March, all were executed. The Soviet government annulled the verdict in 1988, during perestroika. Alexei Rykov Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (25 February 188115 March 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician most prominent as Premier of Russia and the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1929 and"
"the soviets, or ""workers' councils,"" which had given their support to the Bolsheviks led by Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) and Leon Trotsky (1879-1940). The weakness of the Provisional Government is perhaps best reflected in the derisive nickname given to Kerensky: ""persuader-in-chief."" The authority of the Tsar's government began disintegrating on 1 November 1916, when Milyukov attacked the Boris Stürmer government in the Duma. Stürmer was succeeded by Alexander Trepov and Nikolai Golitsyn, both Prime Ministers for only a few weeks. During the February Revolution two rival institutions, the imperial State Duma and the Petrograd Soviet, both located in the Tauride Palace,"
"Communism in Russia In Russia, communism began after Tsar Nicholas II lost his power during the February Revolution. The Provisional Government was established under Prince Lvov, however, the Bolsheviks refused to accept the government and revolted in October 1917, taking control of Russia. Vladimir Lenin, their leader, rose to power and governed between 1917 and 1924. The Bolsheviks formed the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, marking the beginning of the Russian Civil War between the revolutionary Reds and the counter-revolutionary Whites. In 1922 the Communist Reds were victorious, and formed the Soviet Union. Lenin died in 1924, starting a power"
"Georgy Lvov Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (; 2 November 18617/8 March 1925) was a Russian statesman and the first post-imperial prime minister of Russia, from 15 March to 21 July 1917. Prince Lvov was born in Dresden, Germany, and descended from the sovereign Viking princes of Yaroslavl. His family moved home to Popovka in the Aleksin district of Tula Governorate from Germany soon after his birth. He graduated from the University of Moscow with a degree in law, then worked in the civil service until 1893. During the Russo-Japanese War he organized relief work in the East and in 1905"
"during the First State Duma and again during Russia's second revolutionary period. In 1917, after the February Revolution, Nabokov helped draft the document for Grand Duke Michael's refusal of the throne. Nabokov was made secretary to the Provisional Government; however, he was forced to leave St. Petersburg in December 1917 after the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolshevik revolution. In 1918 he served as minister of justice in the Crimean Regional Government, where he and his family had taken refuge. In 1919 the Nabokovs fled to England and later settled in Berlin. From 1920 until his death, Nabokov was"
"Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin On 21 January 1924, at 18:50 EET, Vladimir Lenin, leader of the October Revolution and the first leader and founder of the Soviet Union, died in Gorki aged 53 after falling into a coma. The official cause of death was recorded as an incurable disease of the blood vessels. Lenin was given a state funeral and then buried in a specially erected mausoleum on 27 January. A commission of the Central Committee of the RCP(b) was in charge of organizing the funeral. On 23 January, the coffin with Lenin's body was transported by"
"Deputy Minister of Post and Telegraph (May–July 1917) of the Provisional Government. Nikolai Aleksandrovich Rozhkov Nikolai Rozhkov (1868–1927) () was a Russian historian who became an active revolutionary in the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (R.S.D.L.P.). In 1905 Rozhkov joined the Bolshevik faction of the R.S.D.L.P. At the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party he was elected as a full member of the Central Committee. However by 1907 he had fallen out with Lenin who maintained for him an enduring hatred. In February 1911 he submitted an article entitled ""An Essential Initiative"" to the legal Bolshevik paper ""Zvezda""."
"Nikolai Ryzhkov Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov (; ; born 28 September 1929) is a former Soviet official who became a Russian politician following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He served as the last Chairman of the Council of Ministers (the post was abolished and replaced by that of Prime Minister in 1991). Responsible for the cultural and economic administration of the Soviet Union during the late Gorbachev Era, Ryzhkov was succeeded as premier by Valentin Pavlov in 1991. The same year, he lost his seat on the Presidential Council, going on to become Boris Yeltsin's leading opponent in the Russian"
"Ministers. The most recent death of a former Prime Minister was that of Yevgeny Primakov (1998–1999) on 26 June 2015, aged 85. Prime Minister of Russia The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation (), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister () is the head of the Russian government and the second most powerful figure of the Russian Federation. The official residence of the prime minister is Gorki-9 in Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, but his working residence is in Moscow (Russian White House). Under Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law 'On the Government of the Russian Federation',"
"George or Jorge. Georgy Lvov Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (; 2 November 18617/8 March 1925) was a Russian statesman and the first post-imperial prime minister of Russia, from 15 March to 21 July 1917. Prince Lvov was born in Dresden, Germany, and descended from the sovereign Viking princes of Yaroslavl. His family moved home to Popovka in the Aleksin district of Tula Governorate from Germany soon after his birth. He graduated from the University of Moscow with a degree in law, then worked in the civil service until 1893. During the Russo-Japanese War he organized relief work in the East"