"Waist-to-height ratio A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), also called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. The WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Higher values of WHtR indicate higher risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases; it is correlated with abdominal obesity. A 2010 study that followed 11,000 subjects for up to eight years concluded that WHtR is a much better measure of the risk of heart attack, stroke or death than the more widely used body mass index. However, a 2011 study that followed 60,000"
"Human height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial system. A particular genetic profile in men called Y haplotype I-M170 is correlated with height. Ecological data shows that as the frequency of this genetic profile increases in the population, the average male height in a country also increases. Studies show that there is a correlation between small stature and a"
"stature to understand historical processes. Anthropometric history Anthropometric history is the study of the history of human height and weight. It has historical roots. In the 1830s, Adolphe Quetelet and Louis R. Villermé studied the physical stature of populations. In the 1960s, French historians analyzed the relationship between socio-economic variables and human height. Anthropometric history was established as field of study in the late 1970s when economic historians Robert Fogel, John Komlos, Richard Steckel and other academics began to study the history of human physical stature and its relationship to economic development. A branch of cliometrics, it uses trends and"
"affected by the recent increases in weight. BMI is defined as the subject's weight divided by the square of their height and is calculated as follows. BMI is usually expressed in kilograms of weight per metre squared of height. To convert from pounds per inch squared multiply by . The most commonly used definitions, established by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997 and published in 2000, provide the values listed in the table. Some modifications to the WHO definitions have been made by particular organizations. The surgical literature breaks down class II and III obesity into further categories whose"
"Bust/waist/hip measurements Bust/waist/hip measurements (informally called vital statistics) are a common method of specifying body proportions for the purpose of fitting clothes. They match the three inflection points of the female body shape. It is also often used in women's personal ads or Internet profiles to indicate their appearance. In human body measurement, the three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as ""three sizes: xx–yy–zz"" in inches, or centimeters. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion, and almost exclusively in reference to women, who, compared to men, are more likely to have a"
"short stature. In 1991, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored a consensus panel whose recommendations have set the standard for consideration of surgical treatment, the body mass index (BMI). The BMI is defined as the body weight (in kilograms), divided by the square of the height (in meters). The result is expressed as a number in units of kilograms per square meter. In healthy adults, BMI ranges from 18.5 to 24.9, with a BMI above 30 being considered obese, and a BMI less than 18.5 considered underweight. The Consensus Panel of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommended the"
"people over 50 the critical values start at 0.6. As a comparative, the following table categorises the boundaries of persons in terms of health: Waist-to-height ratio A person's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), also called waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), is defined as their waist circumference divided by their height, both measured in the same units. The WHtR is a measure of the distribution of body fat. Higher values of WHtR indicate higher risk of obesity-related cardiovascular diseases; it is correlated with abdominal obesity. A 2010 study that followed 11,000 subjects for up to eight years concluded that WHtR is a much better measure"
"Anthropometric history Anthropometric history is the study of the history of human height and weight. It has historical roots. In the 1830s, Adolphe Quetelet and Louis R. Villermé studied the physical stature of populations. In the 1960s, French historians analyzed the relationship between socio-economic variables and human height. Anthropometric history was established as field of study in the late 1970s when economic historians Robert Fogel, John Komlos, Richard Steckel and other academics began to study the history of human physical stature and its relationship to economic development. A branch of cliometrics, it uses trends and cross-sectional patterns in human physical"
"Body mass index The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m, resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres. The BMI may also be determined using a table or chart which displays BMI as a function of mass and height using contour lines or colours for different BMI categories, and which may use other units of measurement (converted to metric units for"
"descent, with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at BMIs lower than the WHO cut-off point for overweight, 25 kg/m, although the cut-off for observed risk varies among different Asian populations. Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist, devised the basis of the BMI between 1830 and 1850 as he developed what he called ""social physics"". The modern term ""body mass index"" (BMI) for the ratio of human body weight to squared height was coined in a paper published in the July 1972 edition of the ""Journal of Chronic Diseases"" by Ancel"
"longer life expectancy. Individuals of small stature are also more likely to have lower blood pressure and are less likely to acquire cancer. The University of Hawaii has found that the “longevity gene” FOXO3 that reduces the effects of aging is more commonly found in individuals of a small body size.<ref> Human height Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect. It is measured using a stadiometer, usually in centimetres when using the metric system, or feet and inches when using the imperial"
"result of any other forces acting on the body such as in the case of acceleration or deceleration of a lift, or centrifugal forces when turning sharply. Weight is commonly measured using one of two methods. A spring scale or hydraulic or pneumatic scale measures local weight, the local force of gravity on the object (strictly ""apparent"" weight force). Since the local force of gravity can vary by up to 0.5% at different locations, spring scales will measure slightly different weights for the same object (the same mass) at different locations. To standardize weights, scales are always calibrated to read"
"been given as the ""ideal"", or ""hourglass"" proportions for women since at least the 1960s. Bust/waist/hip measurements Bust/waist/hip measurements (informally called vital statistics) are a common method of specifying body proportions for the purpose of fitting clothes. They match the three inflection points of the female body shape. It is also often used in women's personal ads or Internet profiles to indicate their appearance. In human body measurement, the three sizes are the circumferences of the bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as ""three sizes: xx–yy–zz"" in inches, or centimeters. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion, and almost"
"Scale height In various scientific contexts, a scale height is a distance over which a quantity decreases by a factor of ""e"" (approximately 2.72, the base of natural logarithms). It is usually denoted by the capital letter ""H"". For planetary atmospheres, scale height is the increase in altitude for which the atmospheric pressure decreases by a factor of ""e"". The scale height remains constant for a particular temperature. It can be calculated by or equivalently where: The pressure (force per unit area) at a given altitude is a result of the weight of the overlying atmosphere. If at a height"
"a weight to height ratio less than -3 Standard Deviations on the Z-score for the reference population. In practice, since the distribution of weight to height ratios is much the same in all populations, the two definitions are equivalent. Weight for height is chosen rather than weight for age since the latter may indicate long-term stunting rather than acute malnutrition. The World Health Organization also defines other measures of malnutrition including the Mid-upper arm circumference, Marasmus and Kwashiorkor. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement, if conducted by well-trained staff, can give a quick assessment of new arrivals at a camp. It"
"Human body weight Human body weight refers to a person's mass or weight. Body weight is measured in kilograms, a measure of mass, throughout the world, although in some countries such as the United States it is measured in pounds, or as in the United Kingdom, stones and pounds. Most hospitals, even in the United States, now use kilograms for calculations, but use kilograms and pounds together for other purposes. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy"
"Corpulence index The Corpulence Index (CI) or Ponderal Index (PI) is a measure of leanness (corpulence) of a person calculated as a relationship between mass and height. It was first proposed in 1921 as the ""Corpulence measure"" by Swiss physician Fritz Rohrer and hence is also known as Rohrer's Index. It is similar to the body mass index, but the mass is normalized with the third power of body height rather than the second power. with formula_2 in kilograms and formula_3 in meters, giving a measure with the same dimensions as density. The corpulence index yields valid results even for"
"average height can distill down complex data about the group's birth, upbringing, social class, diet, and health care system. Height Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how ""tall"" something or someone is) or vertical position (how ""high"" a point is). For example, ""The height of that building is 50 m"" or ""The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m"". When the term is used to describe vertical position (of, e.g., an airplane) from sea level, height is more often called ""altitude"". Furthermore, if the point is attached to the Earth (e.g., a mountain peak), then altitude"
"BMC Public Health and at the United Nations conference Rio+20. Human body weight Human body weight refers to a person's mass or weight. Body weight is measured in kilograms, a measure of mass, throughout the world, although in some countries such as the United States it is measured in pounds, or as in the United Kingdom, stones and pounds. Most hospitals, even in the United States, now use kilograms for calculations, but use kilograms and pounds together for other purposes. Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may"
"The system can be used to calculate a persons Body Mass Index (BMI) by dividing their weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters). According to the World Health Organisation (2015) a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 in adults is overweight and greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 regards individuals as obese. Using the BMI method, however, to measure a child's excess weight can encounter regular issues. The Body Mass Index is used to decipher an individuals excess body weight but not their excess body fat. In this way the measurements taken from"
"labour workforce. Weight is measured by using the Body Mass Index scale (BMI). This is determined by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres, squared. If someone is overweight their BMI will be at 25 or more. If someone is obese their BMI will be at 30 or more. 1 in 12 children are obese (8%) and 1 in 4 adults are obese (28%) In a study published in 2015 by the US Journal of Economics and Human Biology, obesity is found to have the largest impact on men aged over 75, and women aged between 60-74. In 2005,"
"rate. Body Shape Index Body Shape Index (BSI) is a metric for assessing the health implications of a given human body height, mass and waist circumference. The inclusion of the latter is believed to make the BSI a better indicator of the health risks from excess weight than the standard Body Mass Index. According to the original article the formula for calculating aBSI is : formula_1 The finding of the paper is that the BSI above 0.083 (when expressed in metric units) is indicative of a higher relative hazard. A value of 0.091 corresponds to the doubling of the relative"
"Weighing scale A weighing scale (or weighing balance) is devices to measure weight or mass. They are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balance, weight balance, or simply scale, balance, or balance scale. The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distance of a fulcrum. One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while known masses are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the mass on each plates is equal. A spring scale will make use of a spring of"
"Body Shape Index Body Shape Index (BSI) is a metric for assessing the health implications of a given human body height, mass and waist circumference. The inclusion of the latter is believed to make the BSI a better indicator of the health risks from excess weight than the standard Body Mass Index. According to the original article the formula for calculating aBSI is : formula_1 The finding of the paper is that the BSI above 0.083 (when expressed in metric units) is indicative of a higher relative hazard. A value of 0.091 corresponds to the doubling of the relative hazard"
"Figure rating scale The Figure Rating Scale (FRS) also known as the Stunkard Scale is a psychometric measurement developed in 1983 as a tool to determine body dissatisfaction in women and men. This scale has also been developed for measuring adolescent body image. This type of measurement was originally developed and validated to indicate the weight status of relatives of research subjects when other specific measurements or self-reported values were unavailable. This scale is a visible measure of how an individual perceives his or her own physical appearance. Each figure presents nine male and nine female schematic silhouettes, ranging from"
"trends. This study was conducted by Jörg Baten and Sandew Hira and was based on the anthropological founds that human height is predetermined by the quality of the nutrition, which used to be higher in the more developed countries. The research was based on the datasets for Southern Chinese contract migrants who were sent to Suriname and Indonesia and included 13,000 individuals. Today anthropometry can be performed with three-dimensional scanners. A global collaborative study to examine the uses of three-dimensional scanners for health care was launched in March 2007. The Body Benchmark Study will investigate the use of three-dimensional scanners"
"differences in gender and height: Although generally validated on a database of some 12,000 adults RFM has not yet been evaluated in longitudinal studies of large populations to identify normal or abnormal RFM in relation to obesity-related health problems. Relative Fat Mass Relative Fat Mass (RFM) is a simple formula for the estimation of overweight or obesity in humans which requires only a calculation based on a ratio of height and waist measurements. High body-fat is associated with increased risks of poor health and early mortality. RFM is a simple anthropometric procedure that is claimed to be more convenient than"
"height measurements that are based on the height of a miniature from the soles of its feet to the height of its eyes. The Scale Ratio equivalents to these measurements are based on the measurement of 1610 mm (about 5' 3""), the average height of an adult male from the soles of the feet to the height of the eyes. Often known as ""to-the-eye"" scale, this method of measurement allows wargamers to judge the comparative height of a miniature without having to estimate the actual height of the head which is often covered in some sort of military headgear. It"
"Height discrimination Height discrimination (also known as heightism) is prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on height. In principle, it refers to discriminatory treatment against individuals whose height is not within the normal acceptable range of height in a population. Height discrimination is most common against shorter than average men and is generally accepted and ignored. Some tall women have resorted to high dosages of oestrogen to reduce their height. Research indicates that the human brain uses height as a measurement to determine social status and fitness. The brain automatically associates physical size with leadership potential, power, strength and intelligence,"
"the fluctuation range in weight between 79.5 kg and 80.5 kg. The BMI is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metre. Using either 79.5 kg and 1.795 m or 80.5 kg and 1.805 m gives approximately 24.7. But the person in question may only be 1.795 m tall, with a weight of 80.5 kilograms or 1.805 m and 79.5 kilograms: all combinations of all possible intermediate values must be considered. Using the interval arithmetic methods described below, the BMI lies in the interval An operation formula_17 such as addition or multiplication, on two"
"Scale (social sciences) In the social sciences, scaling is the process of measuring or ordering entities with respect to quantitative attributes or traits. For example, a scaling technique might involve estimating individuals' levels of extraversion, or the perceived quality of products. Certain methods of scaling permit estimation of magnitudes on a continuum, while other methods provide only for relative ordering of the entities. The level of measurement is the type of data that is measured. The word scale is sometimes (including in academic literature) used to refer to another composite measure, that of an index. Those concepts are however different."
"drawn from the probability distribution ""F"" characterizing the population, so each measured height formula_1 is the realization of a random variable formula_2 with distribution ""F"". Note that a set of random variables (i.e., a set of measurable functions) must not be confused with the realizations of these variables (which are the values that these random variables take). In other words, formula_2 is a function representing the measurement at the ""i""-th experiment and formula_4 is the value obtained when making the measurement. Sample (statistics) In statistics and quantitative research methodology, a data sample is a set of data collected and/or selected"
"Height Height is measure of vertical distance, either vertical extent (how ""tall"" something or someone is) or vertical position (how ""high"" a point is). For example, ""The height of that building is 50 m"" or ""The height of an airplane is about 10,000 m"". When the term is used to describe vertical position (of, e.g., an airplane) from sea level, height is more often called ""altitude"". Furthermore, if the point is attached to the Earth (e.g., a mountain peak), then altitude (height above sea level) is called ""elevation"". In a Cartesian space, height is measured along the vertical axis (y)"