"the grapes to be harvested earlier and the wines to be of a stronger alcohol level. Many Bordeaux wine merchants saw the wines of the ""High Country"" as a threat to their economic interest and during the 13th & 14th century a set of codes, known as the ""police des vins"", were established which regulated the use of the port of Bordeaux for wine trading. The ""police des vins"" stated that no wine could be traded out of Bordeaux until the majority of Bordelais wine had already been sold. This had a devastating effect on the wine industry of the"
"and easy-to-drink, and meant for early consumption rather than cellaring. More ambitious reds are usually sold as Bordeaux Supérieur AOC. Notable exceptions to the general rule of Bordeaux AOC as simpler wines are some dry white wines produced in Médoc and Sauternes, where the production of red and sweet wines dominate. In difference from most of Graves, these areas are not allowed to use any other designation than Bordeaux Blanc AOC for dry white wines. Thus, some very ambitious and expensive dry white wines, such as Château Margaux's ""Pavillon Blanc"" and Château d'Yquem's """"Y"""" have to be classified as ""simple"""
"Dissay in the Poitou-Charentes region), Cabernet (in Dissay), Camerouge, Chalosse noir, Chalosse noire (in the Bas-Médoc of Bordeaux), Chausse, Chausset, Durif, Egrenant, Embalouzat (in the Entre-Deux-Mers), Enrageat rouge, Grosse Here, Here, Jurancon, Mançais noir (in the Indre-et-Loire), Maouron, Mauron, Micardeau, Negrotte, Noir Cimrah, Noir de Cimrah, Noir de Valin, Petit Fer, Plant de Dissay, Prunalet, Prunelard, Raboso Piave, Red Chenin and Sencit Gris. Béquignol noir Béquignol noir (also known as Red Chenin) is a red French wine grape variety that originated in Southwest France but is now more widely grown in the Mendoza wine region of Argentina where it is"
"Bordelaise sauce Bordelaise sauce is a classic French sauce named after the Bordeaux region of France, which is famous for its wine. The sauce is made with dry red wine, bone marrow, butter, shallots and sauce demi-glace. ""Sauce marchand de vins"" (""wine-merchant's sauce"") is a similar designation. Traditionally, bordelaise sauce is served with grilled beef or steak, though it can also be served with other meats that pair well with red wine demi-glace based sauces. A bordelaise sauce in traditional New Orleans-style Louisiana Creole cuisine is different from the French classical version, although both are available in the city. The"
"dry white wine called M de Malle is produced in the Graves appellation. It is composed of 70% Sauvignon blanc and 30% Sémillon, and is aged 6–9 months in oak, of which 30% new oak. Red Graves wine is produced under the names Château de Cardaillan (50% Cabernet Sauvignon and 50% Merlot) and Château Pessan (60% Merlot and 40% Cabernet Sauvignon). Château de Malle Château de Malle is a sweet white wine ranked as Second Cru Classé (French, ""Second Growth"") in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of"
"Malbec Malbec () is a purple grape variety used in making red wine. The grapes tend to have an inky dark color and robust tannins, and are known as one of the six grapes allowed in the blend of red Bordeaux wine. The French plantations of Malbec are now found primarily in Cahors in South West France. It is increasingly celebrated as an Argentine varietal wine and is being grown around the world. Called Malbec in Bordeaux, Auxerrois or Côt Noir in Cahors, and Pressac in other places, the grape became less popular in Bordeaux after 1956 when frost killed"
"within the region is entitled to use these appellations, whether or not they are also entitled to use a more specific regional appellation. These appellations are: Bordeaux, Bordeaux Supérieur, Bordeaux Sec, Bordeaux Moelleux, Bordeaux Clairet, Crémant-de-Bordeaux, Bordeaux Rosé and Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique. Where these appellations are used for wines which would otherwise be entitled to use a more specific appellation, they are generally used for wines of lower quality made by a ""négociant"" or co-operative. Many of Bordeaux's supermarket brands like Mouton Cadet, Dourthe Numero 1 and Sichel Sirius utilise these generic Bordeaux AOCs. More than half of"
"Bordeaux's production uses these generic appellations. Red wine produced under the Bordeaux AOC is made mostly from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, with the addition of Cabernet Franc and small amounts of Petit Verdot, Malbec and Carmenère. This appellation covers around 42,600 hectares of vines and produces around 223 million litres of wine (which is nearly a third of the total wine production of Bordeaux). White wine produced under the Bordeaux Sec AOC is made mostly from Sauvignon blanc and Sémillon, with the addition of some Muscadelle, Colombard, Mauzac, Merlot blanc, Ondenc and Ugni blanc. It must contain no more than"
"Burgundy wine Burgundy wine ( or """") is wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône. The most famous wines produced here—those commonly referred to as ""Burgundies""—are dry red wines made from Pinot noir grapes and white wines made from Chardonnay grapes. Red and white wines are also made from other grape varieties, such as Gamay and Aligoté, respectively. Small amounts of rosé and sparkling wines are also produced in the region. Chardonnay-dominated Chablis and Gamay-dominated Beaujolais are formally part of the Burgundy wine region,"
"wine. Hazelnut, licorice, and spice are some of the flavors that can develop as these wines age. Chardonnay is the only permitted AOC grape variety in the Chablis region, with the wines there developing such worldwide recognition that the name ""Chablis"" has taken on somewhat generic connotations to mean any dry white wine, even those not made from Chardonnay. The name is protected in the European Union and for wine sold in the EU, ""Chablis"" refers only to the Chardonnay wine produced in this region of the Yonne """". The region sits on the outer edges of the Paris Basin."
"the red wine and approximately 20,000 bottles of the dry white. The second wines Colombier de Château Brown typically have an annual production of 25,000 bottles of the red and 5,000 bottles of the dry white. Château Brown Château Brown is a Bordeaux wine from the Pessac-Léognan appellation, unranked in the Classification of Graves wine. The winery and vineyards are located south of the city of Bordeaux, just north of Château Olivier with property within the communes of Gradignan, Villenave-d'Ornon and Léognan. In addition to a red and dry white ""Grand vin"" the estate produces red and dry white second"
"Boudales, Bourdales, Claverie blanc, Escripet folle, Muscadelle de Nates, Petit Bordelais, Plant Bordelais and Sable blanc. Baroque (grape) Baroque (often spelled Barroque) is a white French wine grape planted primarily in South West France around the Tursan region. It can make full bodied wines with nutty flavors. Ampelographers suspect that the grape maybe a crossing of Folle Blanche (which it shares the synonym ""Bordeleza zuria"" with) and Sauvignon blanc. While the exact origins of the grape are not clear, ampelographers believe it may be descended from a crossing of the French white grapes Folle Blanche and Sauvignon blanc. While it"
"table. According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, œillade noire tends to produce soft, fruity light bodied red wines of modest alcohol levels that are meant to be released soon after vintage and consumed young. Over the years Oeillade noire has been known under a variety of synonyms including: Aragnan noir (in the Vaucluse department), Aragnan sec, Araignan, Araignan noir, La Croque, Negra Gentile, Œillade, Œillade noir, Ouilade, Ouillade, Ouillard, Ouiliade, Passerille noire (in the Saint-Péray AOC), Puillade, Uliade and Ulliade. Oeillade noire Œillade noire () is a red French wine grape variety that has been historically grown in the"
"Carménère The Carménère grape is a wine grape variety originally planted in the Médoc region of Bordeaux, France, where it was used to produce deep red wines and occasionally used for blending purposes in the same manner as Petit Verdot. A member of the Cabernet family of grapes, the name ""Carménère"" originates from the French word for crimson (""carmin"") which refers to the brilliant crimson colour of the autumn foliage prior to leaf-fall. The grape is also known as Grande Vidure, a historic Bordeaux synonym, although current European Union regulations prohibit imports under this name into the European Union. Along"
"or in sparkling wine production. Over the years Enfariné noir has been known under a variety of synonyms, including Bourgogne, Bregin bleu, Brezin de Pampan, Chagnot, Chaigneau, Chamoisien, Chineau, Encendre, Enfarine, Enfariné du Jura, Gaillard (in Burgundy and along the Saône valley), Gau, Goix noir, Got noir, Gouache, Gouai noir, Gouailler, Gouais, Gouais noir, Gouais violet, Gouape, Gouat gau, Gouet, Grisard, Grison (in the arrondissement of Dole), Hureau, Lombard, Lurio, Mureau, Neri blau, Nerre, Petit Goix, Saint Martin, Urio and Urion. Enfariné noir Enfariné noir (or Gouais noir) is a red French wine grape variety that is grown predominantly in"
"Montmelian, Patois Rossette, Plant de Myans, Plant des Abymes, Redin, Robinet, Rossettin, Roussette, Roussette de Montmelian. Jacquère Jacquère is a variety of white grape found primarily in the Savoy wine region of France. It is a high-yielding vine variety which is used to produce lightly scented, refreshing and gently aromatic dry white wine, such as Vin de Savoie. Jacquère is the grape used in Apremont wines and is the usual wine paired with cheese fondue (a dish from the same region). It is also found in Bugey wines. Furthermore, Jacquère has been grown in some Condrieu vineyards, but it is"
"bottles of red and 8,000 bottles of dry white, and 5,000 bottles of the red third wine La Dame de Couhins. Château Couhins Château Couhins is a Bordeaux wine from the Pessac-Léognan appellation, ranked among the ""Crus Classés"" for dry white wine in the Classification of Graves wine of 1959. The winery is located in close vicinity of the city of Bordeaux, in the commune of Villenave-d'Ornon. The estate also produces a red ""Grand vin"", red and dry white second wines named Couhins La Gravette, and a red third wine, La Dame de Couhins. Once a large and celebrated estate,"
"Negrera, Noir De Chartres, Noir De Pressac, Noir Doux, Nyar De Presak, Parde, Périgord, Pied De Perdrix, Pied Noir, Pied Rouge, Pied Rouget, Piperdy, Plant D'Arles, Plant De Meraou, Plant du Lot, Plant Du Roi, Prechat, Pressac, Prunieral, Quercy, Queue Rouge, Quille De Coy, Romieu, Teinturin, Terranis, Vesparo . Malbec Malbec () is a purple grape variety used in making red wine. The grapes tend to have an inky dark color and robust tannins, and are known as one of the six grapes allowed in the blend of red Bordeaux wine. The French plantations of Malbec are now found primarily"
"of sotolon from alpha-ketobutyric acid. Vin jaune Vin jaune (French for ""yellow wine"") is a special and characteristic type of white wine made in the Jura region in eastern France. It is similar to dry fino Sherry and gets its character from being matured in a barrel under a film of yeast, known as the ""voile"", on the wine's surface. ""Vin jaune"" shares many similarities with Sherry, including some aromas, but unlike Sherry, it is not a fortified wine. The wine is made from the Savagnin grape, with some of the most premium examples coming from the marl based vineyards"
"those more familiar with ""vinifera"" grapes. The grape has a tendency to produce deeply colored wines but can also be used to produce rosé. Among the synonyms that Couderc noir has been known as over the years include: Couderc 7120, 7120 C, Contassot 20, Couderc 71-20 and Plant Verni. Couderc noir Couderc noir is a red wine hybrid grape that was formerly grown primarily in the South West France wine region and around the Gard ""département"" in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. The vine produces high yields and ripens late, creating a wine that is deeply colored with a distinct, earthy flavor."
"Pinot noir Pinot noir () is a red wine grape variety of the species ""Vitis vinifera"". The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for ""pine"" and ""black."" The word ""pine"" alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pine cone-shaped bunches of fruit. Pinot noir grapes are grown around the world, mostly in the cooler climates, and the grape is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is also used to make the Italian wine Franciacorta. Other regions that have gained a reputation"
"Bordeaux Blancs. All rosé and clairet wines are produced under regional appellations. The vineyard area devoted to the production of Bordeaux AOC wines is approximately , of which are used for red wine and for white wine. Average yearly production is 3,300,000 hectolitres, corresponding to approximately 431 million 75 cl bottles, with 2,300,100 hectolitres of red wine and 304,000 hectolitres of white wine. The maximal authorized yield for Bordeaux AOC is 55 hectoliter per hectare, and the alcohol level of the wine must be between 10 and 13 volume percent. Dry white Bordeaux may not have more than 4 grams"
"Vin jaune Vin jaune (French for ""yellow wine"") is a special and characteristic type of white wine made in the Jura region in eastern France. It is similar to dry fino Sherry and gets its character from being matured in a barrel under a film of yeast, known as the ""voile"", on the wine's surface. ""Vin jaune"" shares many similarities with Sherry, including some aromas, but unlike Sherry, it is not a fortified wine. The wine is made from the Savagnin grape, with some of the most premium examples coming from the marl based vineyards in the Château-Chalon AOC. In"
"that make this wine unique. Aging these wines will often yield a very crisp drinking wine which is almost completely flat in the nose. The color and the aroma of the wine suggest a sweet wine but Viognier wines are predominantly dry, although sweet late-harvest dessert wines have been made. It is a grape with low acidity; it is sometimes used to soften wines made predominantly with the red Syrah grape. In addition to its softening qualities the grape also adds a colour-stabilizing agent and enhanced perfume to the red wine. In the Rhone region, the grapes normally are not"
"generic red Bordeaux in an effort to raise their status in the market. In November 2011, the president of the Union des Maisons de Négoce de Bordeaux, announced an intention to use the term claret de Bordeaux for wines that are ""light and fruity, easy to drink, in the same style as the original claret when it was prized by the English in former centuries"". Many of the top Bordeaux wines are primarily sold as futures contracts, called selling ""en primeur"". Because of the combination of longevity, fairly large production, and an established reputation, Bordeaux wines tend to be the"
"Sauvignon blanc and Muscadelle. When dry, it is referred to as ""Bordeaux blanc"" and is permitted to be made in the appellations of Pessac-Léognan, Graves, Entre-Deux-Mers and other less-renowned regions. In this form, Sémillon is generally a minor constituent in the blend. However, when used to make the sweet white wines of Bordeaux (such as those from Sauternes, Barsac and Cérons) it is often the dominant variety. In such wines the vine is exposed to the ""noble rot"" of ""Botrytis cinerea"" which consumes the water content of the fruit, concentrating the sugar present in its pulp. When attacked by Botrytis"
"best known example is made in the Cotes du Jura (Arbois and sometimes L'Etoile) from a blend of Chardonnay, Savagnin and the red grape Poulsard. Vins de paille are also made from Marsanne in Hermitage, and from Riesling in Alsace. In Corrèze, it is called Vin Paillé. Traditionally the grapes are placed indoors on straw mats for up to three months, and the final wine has 10-20% residual sugar, with flavours of peaches and apricots. It is an excellent accompaniment to foie gras. Some raisin wines are produced in Greece and Cyprus. Commandaria claims descent from the native Cypriot wine"
"right weather during flowering. It also refers to the late ripening which usually comes too late for the Bordeaux climate. Petit Verdot also has a peculiar characteristic in that it produces more than two clusters per shoot. Bouton, Carmelin, Heran, Lambrusquet Noir, Petit Verdau, Petit Verdot Noir, Verdot and Verdot Rouge. Petit Verdot Petit Verdot is a variety of red wine grape, principally used in classic Bordeaux blends. It ripens much later than the other varieties in Bordeaux, often too late, so it fell out of favour in its home region. When it does ripen it adds tannin, colour and"
"style of dry white Bordeaux favoured today, with almost 100% Sauvignon Blanc and a heavy influence of new oak, the traditional Entre-deux-Mers whites had a high proportion of Semillion and were made in either old oak barrels or steel tanks. Starting in the 1960s and 1970s, these vineyards were converted to red wine production (of Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Supérieur AOC), and the production of white wine has decreased ever since. Today production of white wine has shrunk to about one tenth of Bordeaux's total production, with 11.0% of the vineyard surface in 2007 used for white wines (7.8% for"
"the AOC of Bordeaux clairet. Clairet Clairet is a wine that is dark pink in style, and may be described as a full bodied and deep coloured type of rosé. It is considered a specialty of the Bordeaux region and is thought to have originated in Quinsac in Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux. Similar to the light wine of the Middle Ages that was exported to England, also called """"vinum clarum"""" and """"vin clar"""" or """"bin clar"""", the name is the source of the English term ""claret"", although that term does not refer to a clairet but to a red wine."
"Couderc noir Couderc noir is a red wine hybrid grape that was formerly grown primarily in the South West France wine region and around the Gard ""département"" in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. The vine produces high yields and ripens late, creating a wine that is deeply colored with a distinct, earthy flavor. Couderc noir is normally used for mass commercial and table wines. The grape was planted throughout France following the devastation of the phylloxera epidemic in the late 19th century and until the 1970s there were more plantings of Couderc noir in France than Cabernet Sauvignon. Couderc noir is a"
"Champagne (usually along with Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier) and is planted in most of the world's wine growing regions for use in both still and sparkling wines. Pinot noir grown for dry table wines is generally low-yielding and of lesser vigour than many other varieties, whereas when grown for use in sparkling wines (e.g. Champagne) it is generally cropped at significantly higher yields. In addition to being used for the production of sparkling and still red wine, pinot noir is also sometimes used for rosé still wines, Beaujolais Nouveau-styled wines, and even vin gris white wines. Its juice is uncolored."
"Garagistes The garagistes refers to a group of winemakers in the Bordeaux region, producing ""vins de garage"", ""garage wine"". A group emerged in the mid-1990s in reaction to the traditional style of red Bordeaux wine, which is highly tannic and requires long ageing in the bottle to become drinkable. The garagistes developed a style more consistent with perceived international wine tastes. For red wines this means ""bigger, bolder, fruitier wines, often with sometimes a higher alcohol content."" The new style for white wines is a more pronounced oak taste with some residual sugar. This new style of wine is controversial,"