"many cities there are natural streams which have been partially or entirely built over. Such man-made examples of subterranean urban streams are too numerous to list, but notable examples include: Some fish (popularly known as cavefish) and other troglobite organisms are adapted to life in subterranean rivers and lakes. Greek mythology included the Styx, Phlegethon, Acheron, Cocytus, and Lethe as rivers within the Underworld. Dante Alighieri, in his ""Inferno"", included the Acheron, Phlegethon, and Styx as rivers within his subterranean Hell. The river Alph, running ""Through caverns measureless to man / Down to a sunless sea"" is central to the"
"Lethe In Greek mythology, Lethe (Greek: , ""Lḗthē""; , ) was one of the five rivers of the underworld of Hades. Also known as the ""Ameles potamos"" (river of unmindfulness), the Lethe flowed around the cave of Hypnos and through the Underworld, where all those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness. Lethe was also the name of the Greek spirit of forgetfulness and oblivion, with whom the river was often identified. In Classical Greek, the word lethe (λήθη) literally means ""oblivion"", ""forgetfulness"", or ""concealment"". It is related to the Greek word for ""truth"", ""aletheia"" (ἀλήθεια), which through the privative"
"Phlegethon In Greek mythology, the river Phlegethon (Φλεγέθων, English translation: ""flaming"") or Pyriphlegethon (Πυριφλεγέθων, English translation: ""fire-flaming"") was one of the five rivers in the infernal regions of the underworld, along with the rivers Styx, Lethe, Cocytus, and Acheron. Plato describes it as ""a stream of fire, which coils round the earth and flows into the depths of Tartarus"". It was parallel to the river Styx. It is said that the goddess Styx was in love with Phlegethon, but she was consumed by his flames and sent to Hades. Eventually when Hades allowed her river to flow through, they reunited."
"winds in Cocytus and further imprison him and other traitors. Dante and his guide Virgil proceed then to climb down Satan's back and into Purgatory, though Dante is at first confused at their turning round, but Virgil explains it is due to the change in forces as they pass through the centre of the Earth. Cocytus Cocytus or Kokytos (, literally ""lamentation"") is a river in the underworld in Greek mythology. Cocytus flows into the river Acheron, on the other side of which lies Hades, The Underworld, the mythological abode of the dead. There are five rivers encircling Hades: the"
"and building exquisite tombs, like the pyramids of Giza, for their dead. Many of their deities were death-related, such as: Ammut, the devourer of unworthy souls; Anubis, the guardian of the Necropolis and the keeper of poisons, medicines, and herbs; and Osiris, the king of the dead. The Greek underworld, Hades, was ruled by the god Hades, and had five rivers that flowed through it. The rivers were: Acheron, river of sadness; Cocytus, river of lamentation; Lethe, river of forgetfulness; Phlegethon, river of fire; Styx, river of hate. The Underworld had attendants who, though not rulers, were important gods and"
"yes, found apparently on the banks of the river Phlegethon."" Phlegethon In Greek mythology, the river Phlegethon (Φλεγέθων, English translation: ""flaming"") or Pyriphlegethon (Πυριφλεγέθων, English translation: ""fire-flaming"") was one of the five rivers in the infernal regions of the underworld, along with the rivers Styx, Lethe, Cocytus, and Acheron. Plato describes it as ""a stream of fire, which coils round the earth and flows into the depths of Tartarus"". It was parallel to the river Styx. It is said that the goddess Styx was in love with Phlegethon, but she was consumed by his flames and sent to Hades. Eventually"
"Lernaean Hydra The Lernaean Hydra or Hydra of Lerna (, ""Lernaîa Hýdra""), more often known simply as the Hydra, is a serpentine water monster in Greek and Roman mythology. Its lair was the lake of Lerna in the Argolid, which was also the site of the myth of the Danaïdes. Lerna was reputed to be an entrance to the Underworld, and archaeology has established it as a sacred site older than Mycenaean Argos. In the canonical Hydra myth, the monster is killed by Heracles (Hercules) as the second of his Twelve Labors. According to Hesiod, the Hydra was the offspring"
"Cocytus and Phlegethon both flowed. The Roman poet Virgil called it the principal river of Tartarus, from which the Styx and Cocytus both sprang. The newly dead would be ferried across the Acheron by Charon in order to enter the Underworld. The Suda describes the river as ""a place of healing, not a place of punishment, cleansing and purging the sins of humans"". According to later traditions, Acheron had been a son of Helios and either Gaia or Demeter, who had been turned into the Underworld river bearing his name after he refreshed the Titans with drink during their contest"
"the last act. In the Japanese manga ""Saint Seiya"", written and illustrated by Masami Kurumada, the river Lethe appears in the third act, the Hades arc. The river Lethe is mentioned several times as the boundary between the Underworld and the Elysion, the paradise of the Greek deities and heroes. It also appears in the anime adaptation of the manga, depicted in the same manner as the source material. In Marvel Comics Zeus drinks from Lethe before he is reborn, causing him to forget his life. Later Hercules uses the water to help defeat Typhon. In the Japanese manga ""Sailor"
"as psychopomp was stationed. In the Orphic tradition, the Cocytus is one of four underworld rivers. Although some Greek myths deal with themes of incest, in Orphic genealogies lines of kinship, express theological and cosmogonical concepts, not the realities of human family relations. The ancient Greek ""nymphē"" in the first line can mean ""nymph"", but also ""bride"" or ""young woman"". As an underworld ""queen"" ""(Basileia)"", Melinoë is at least partially syncretized with Persephone herself. Melinoë is described in the invocation of the Orphic Hymn as ""krokopeplos,"" ""clad in saffron"" (see ""peplos""), an epithet in ancient Greek poetry for moon goddesses."
"sorrow, or woe), Cocytus (lamentation), Phlegethon (fire), Lethe (oblivion), and Styx (hate), the river upon which even the gods swore and in which Achilles was dipped to render him invincible. The Styx forms the boundary between the upper and lower worlds. See also Eridanos. The first region of Hades comprises the Fields of Asphodel, described in ""Odyssey"" xi, where the shades of heroes wander despondently among lesser spirits, who twitter around them like bats. Only libations of blood offered to them in the world of the living can reawaken in them for a time the sensations of humanity. Beyond lay"
"who live on the River Styx and are terrified of change. They then travel to the Styx, where they meet the severely depressive ferryman, Charon. Charon agrees to take Xanthias and Dionysus to the Underworld, and claims that there are no Frogs on the river. Traveling on the River, Dionysus recounts the (mythologically accurate) story of his deceased wife Ariadne. When he took her to Mount Olympus to marry her, she was worried that she could not compare to the Olympian gods, he made her a crown of stars to help her look like a goddess. However, as she was"
"was reused in a structure in Roman Egypt. The Greek god Hades is known in Greek mythology as the king of the underworld, a place where souls live after death. The Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the gods, would take the dead soul of a person to the underworld (sometimes called Hades or the House of Hades). Hermes would leave the soul on the banks of the River Styx, the river between life and death. Charon, also known as the ferry-man, would take the soul across the river to Hades, if the soul had gold: Upon burial, the family"
"streams of the Illinois River, a major tributary of the Rogue River. One of five small springs in the monument becomes Upper Cave Creek, which flows on the surface before disappearing into its bed and entering the cave. Supplemented by water entering the cave from above, the stream emerges from the main entrance as Cave Creek. Within the cave, Cave Creek is known as the River Styx, named for the river Styx of Greek mythology connecting Earth to the Underworld. In late 2014, Congress added the River Styx to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, which added a level"
"underworld, and Nix (a respelling of Nyx), mother of Charon, is the goddess of darkness and the night. Kerberos is a giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to the underworld. The fifth moon is named for the river Styx that forms the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead. The name of Eris's moon Dysnomia was suggested by its discoverer Michael E. Brown, who also suggested the name of the dwarf planet. The name has two meanings: in mythology Dysnomia (lawlessness) is the daughter of Eris (chaos). However, the name is also an intentional reference to"
"was primarily a feature in the afterworld of classical Greek mythology, similar to the Christian area of Hell in texts such as ""The Divine Comedy"" and ""Paradise Lost"". The ferryman Charon often is described as having transported the souls of the newly dead across this river into the underworld. Dante put Phlegyas as ferryman over the Styx and made it the fifth circle of Hell, where the wrathful and sullen are punished by being drowned in the muddy waters for eternity, with the wrathful fighting each other. In ancient times some believed that a coin (Charon's obol) placed in the"
"Gjöll Gjöll (Old Norse Gjǫll) is the river that separates the living from the dead in Norse mythology. It is one of the eleven rivers traditionally associated with the Élivágar, rivers that existed in Ginnungagap at the beginning of the world. According to Snorri Sturluson's ""Gylfaginning"", Gjöll originates from the wellspring Hvergelmir in Niflheim, flowing through Ginnungagap, and thence into the worlds of existence. Gjöll is the river that flows closest to the gate of the underworld. Within the Norse mythology, the dead must cross the Gjallarbrú, the bridge over Gjöll, to reach Hel. The bridge, which was guarded by"
"Phlegethon with help from Nessus. In Spenser's ""The Faerie Queene"" the Phlegethon is to be found in hell, and is portrayed as a ""fiery flood"" where ""the damned ghosts in torments fry"" (Canto V, 291–291). In ""Paradise Lost"" (II, 580) John Milton names the Phlegeton (""sic"") as one of the rivers of Hell, which bold adventuring demons explore while Satan's flight to Earth begins. Milton also mentions the Rivers ""Styx"", ""Acheron"", and ""Cocytus"". The river ""Lethe"" is also counted among the rivers of the underworld. In Edgar Allan Poe's short story ""Descent into the maelstrom"", the narrator, looking down on"
"corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. Hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. There are six main rivers that are visible both in the living world and the underworld. Their names were meant to reflect the emotions associated with death. In front of the entrance to the underworld live Grief, Anxiety, Diseases, and Old Age. Fear, Hunger, Death, Agony, and Sleep also live in front of the entrance, together with Guilty Joys. On the opposite threshold is War, the Erinyes, and Eris. Close to the doors are many beasts, including Centaurs, Gorgons, the"
"been played by two actresses, Haruko Yamaguchi and Megumi Wakamatsu. and appear only in Act 48 of the manga. Sailor Lethe is named for a naiad in Greek mythology, and for a river of the Greek underworld where dead souls go to forget their past lives before being reincarnated. Sailor Mnemosyne is named for the Titaness of memory, the mother of the muses, as well as another river in the underworld which brought remembrance and omniscience. Sailor Lethe has an attack called ""Galactica Myosotis Alpestris"", which she used to attack Usagi. Myosotis alpestris is the name of an alpine species"
"Gangnim followed the trail until he reached a vast river. It was the Henggi river, which formed the border of the Underworld. Many of the dead, who could not pay the ferryman, strolled around aimlessly around the river. (these are called ""Gaekgwi"", meaning ""Wondering Ghosts"") Gangnim gave up his last sirutteok to pay the ferryman to take him and all the Gaekgwi across the Henggi river. Gangnim had finally reached the Underworld, but did not know where Yeomra was. He finally fell asleep until he was awakened by a booming noise; the march of Yeomra and his soldiers to the"
"as a major problem of modern philosophy. Examples are found in his books on Nietzsche (Vol 1, p. 194) and on Parmenides. Many ancient Greek poems mention or describe Lethe. The river is also referenced in more recent novels and poetry. Simonides of Ceos, an ancient Greek lyrical poet, references Lethe in the sixty-seventh fragment of one of his poems. Publius Ovidius Naso, known as Ovid, in his description of the Underworld in his ""Metamorphoses,"" includes a description of Lethe as a stream that puts people to sleep. Aeneas, the protagonist of Virgil's epic Latin poem, ""Aeneid"", travels to Lethe"
"appearing near the ravine of Aggitis river in the area of ""Petroto"". It's also been said that Pluto, master of Hades, when he had kidnapped Persephone, daughter of goddess Demeter led her to the ravine where it's believed that there were the Gates of the Underworld. The specific area which is mentioned in these Greek Myths is the same one near the Alistrati's Caves. The Alistrati cave lies about 6 km southeast of Alistrati's town at a place called ""Petroto"". The expanse of the area is almost 14.000m2. The antechamber of the cave is 8 m height. It's from this"
"of potamides as well as of the nymphs ""Fluviales"". Every creek had its potamide, who as local divinities, and like all the naiads, were daughters of the gods of rivers, also called ""Potamoi"" deities. Even the rivers of the marshy regions are described as having their nymphs; hence no exception was made to the waters of Greek underworld ruled by god Hades, as was quoted in Latin: ""Nymphae infernae paludis and Avernales"", which means ""swampy ""Avernales"", the infernal nymphs"". And many of these hellish potamides, the ""Avernales"", were believed to be owners of prophetic ability, and to express that gift"
"early summer. The fountain was sacred to the Muses and it was there that Bellerophon found Pegasus (as Polyidus had claimed), drinking, and tamed him. Pirene (mythology) In Greek mythology, Pirene or Peirene (Ancient Greek: Πειρήνη means ""of the osiers""), a nymph, was either the daughter of the river god Asopus, Laconian king Oebalus, or the River god Achelous, depending on different sources. By Poseidon she became the mother of Lecheas and Cenchrias. When Cenchrias was unintentionally killed by Artemis, Pirene's grief was so profound that she became nothing but tears and turned into the fountain outside the gates of"
"as psychological underworld beneath the conscious mind. The Acheron was sometimes referred to as a lake or swamp in Greek literature, as in Aristophanes' ""The Frogs"" and Euripides' ""Alcestis"". In Dante's ""Inferno"", the Acheron river forms the border of Hell. Following Greek mythology, Charon ferries souls across this river to Hell. Those who were neutral in life sit on the banks. The name Acheron was used as a reference within the Alien film series for the planet LV426 (where the crashed alien vessel containing the face-huggers was originally found). Known solely by its alphanumeric designation during the first film, the"
"(VI.703-751) writes that it is only when the dead have had their memories erased by the Lethe that they may be reincarnated. Lethe was also the name of the personification of forgetfulness and oblivion, with whom the river was often associated. Hesiod's ""Theogony"" identifies her as the daughter of Eris (""strife""), and the sister of Ponos (""Hardship""), Limos (""Starvation""), Algea (""Pains""), Hysminai (""Battles""), Makhai (""Wars""), Phonoi (""Murders""), Androktasiai (""Manslaughters""), Neikea (""Quarrels""), Pseudea (""Lies""), Logoi (""Stories""), Amphillogiai (""Disputes""), Dysnomia (""Anarchy""), Ate (""Ruin""), and Horkos (""Oath""). Some ancient Greeks believed that souls were made to drink from the river before being reincarnated,"
"death she was also called a daughter of Zeus and Styx, the river that formed the boundary between Earth and the underworld. Homer describes her as the formidable, venerable majestic queen of the shades, who carries into effect the curses of men upon the souls of the dead, along with her husband Hades. In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the ""Orphic Hymns"", Dionysus and Melinoe are separately called children of Zeus and Persephone. Groves sacred to her stood at the western extremity of the earth on the frontiers of the lower world, which itself was called ""house of"
"deities of the underworld. Cthonic Zeus was called Eubuleus, ""the good counselor"", and the ferryman of the river of the underworld Charon, ""glad"". Despoina and ""Hagne"" were probably euphemistic surnames of Persephone, therefore he theorizes that the cult of Persephone was the continuation of the worship of a Minoan Great goddess. The labyrinth was both a winding dance-ground and, in the Greek view, a prison with the dreaded Minotaur at its centre. It is possible that some religious practices, especially the mysteries, were transferred from a Cretan priesthood to Eleusis, where Demeter brought the poppy from Crete. Besides these similarities,"
"in the underworld they have a tearful reunion. Aeneas tries to hug Anchises but is unable to. Then Aeneas observes swarms of people gathered around a river. He ask his father about the river and the people surrounding it. Anchises tells him that the people are his future descendants and the river is Lethe. He expands that after suffering and being cleansed in the underworld, souls that are meant to be reincarnated go to the river Lethe to forget their memories so that they can be reincarnated. Anchises then shows Aeneas some of his descendants and discusses some of their"
"alpha literally means ""un-forgetfulness"" or ""un-concealment"". Lethe, the river of forgetfulness, was one of the five rivers of the Greek underworld, the other four being Styx, Acheron (the river of sorrow), Cocytus (the river of lamentation) and Phlegethon (the river of fire). According to Statius, it bordered Elysium, the final resting place of the virtuous. Ovid wrote that the river flowed through the cave of Hypnos, god of sleep, where its murmuring would induce drowsiness. The shades of the dead were required to drink the waters of the Lethe in order to forget their earthly life. In the ""Aeneid"", Virgil"
"near Hermione in Argolis, near Heraclea in Bithynia, between Cumae and cape Misenum in Campania, and lastly in Egypt, near Memphis. In Greek mythology, it was also the name of an underground cavern through which Heracles dragged Cerberus as one of his Twelve Labors. Acherusia In Greek mythology, Acherusia (Ancient Greek: 'Αχερουσια λιμνη or 'Αχερουσις) was a name given by the ancients to several lakes or swamps, which, like the various rivers called Acheron, were at some time believed to be connected with the lower world, until at last the Acherusia came to be considered to be in the lower"
"Well of Urd in the realm of Asgard, home of the gods. According to the Prose Edda, the water of this well is so pure and holy that all things that touch it turn white, including this original pair of swans and all others descended from them. The poem ""Volundarkvida"", or the ""Lay of Volund"", part of the Poetic Edda, also features swan maidens. In the Finnish epic ""Kalevala"", a swan lives in the Tuoni river located in Tuonela, the underworld realm of the dead. According to the story, whoever killed a swan would perish as well. Jean Sibelius composed"