"have stronger-tasting meat—sometimes compared to roasted beef—than the usual domestic ducks which are descendants of the mallard (""Anas platyrhynchos""). The meat is lean when compared to the fatty meat of mallard-derived ducks, its leanness and tenderness being often compared to veal. Muscovy ducks are also less noisy, and sometimes marketed as a ""quackless"" duck; even though they are not completely silent, they don't actually quack (except in cases of extreme stress). The carcass of a Muscovy duck is also much heavier than most other domestic ducks, which makes it ideal for the dinner table. Domestic Muscovy ducks are typically somewhat"
"peels that are almost all flavedo are generally mandarines; relatives of pummelos and citrons tend to have thicker mesocarp. The mesocarp of pummelo relatives (grapefruit, orange, etc.) is generally more bitter; the mesocarp of citron relatives (Mexican and Persian limes, alemows etc.) is milder. The lemon is a hybrid of pummelo, citron, and mandarin. The mesocarp is also edible, and is used to make succade. Zest is often used to add flavor to different pastries and sweets, such as pies (e.g., lemon meringue pie), cakes, cookies, biscuits, puddings, confectionery, candy and chocolate. Zest also is added to certain dishes (including"
"mesocarp, so they are usually easier to peel and to split into segments. Hybrids generally have these traits to a lesser degree. The mandarin orange tree is more drought-tolerant than the fruit. The mandarin is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas. According to molecular studies, the mandarin, the citron, the pomelo, and to a lesser extent the papedas and kumquat, were the ancestors of most other commercial citrus varieties, through breeding or natural hybridization; mandarins are therefore important as the only sweet fruit among the parental species. Though some mandarin"
"citrus among those studied. Of these, seven were native to Asia: pomelo (""Citrus maxima""), the 'pure' mandarins (""C. reticulata"" - most mandarin cultivars were hybrids of this species with pomelo), citrons (""C. medica""), micranthas (""C. micrantha""), the Ichang papeda (""C. ichangensis""), the mangshanyegan (""C. mangshanensis""), and the oval (Nagami) kumquat (""Fortunella margarita"" or ""C. japonica"" var. ""margarita""). In Australia three were identified: the desert lime (""C. glauca""), round lime (""C. australis"") and the finger lime (""C. australasica""). Many other cultivars previously identified as species were found to be closely related variants (subspecies or varieties) or hybrids of these species, though"
"Murcott (fruit) The Murcott (marketed as: Honey Tangerine) is a tangor, or mandarin–sweet orange hybrid. The Murcott arose out of citrus pioneer Walter Tennyson Swingle's attempts to produce novel citrus hybrids. Its seed parent has been identified as the King tangelo; the pollen parent remains to be identified. About 1913, he gave a hybrid tree he had produced at a US Department of Agriculture planting to R. D. Hoyt at Safety Harbor, Florida. Hoyt in turn would pass on budwood to his nephew, Charles Murcott Smith, who grew the resulting trees in Baywood, Florida from 1922, and for whom the"
"and dull purple to black with an iron mordant. Morindin is also present in ""Morinda umbellata"" but not in ""Morinda longiflora"", a native of West Africa. Although imported into Britain and applied to wool and cotton, the dye did not find commercial success. Morinda tinctoria Morinda tinctoria, commonly known as aal or Indian mulberry (though these common names also refer to ""Morinda citrifolia""), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to southern Asia. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 5–10 m tall. The leaves are 15–25 cm long, oblong to lanceolate. The"
"Flowers are bell-shaped, nodding (hanging downward), cream-colored with purple spots. Prosartes maculata Prosartes maculata is a North American species of plants in the lily family with the common names yellow mandarin, spotted mandarin or nodding mandarin. It is a perennial plant that flowers in the spring. It is a native plant of the Great Smoky Mountains and occurs in other parts of the Appalachian region from northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama to southern West Virginia and southern Ohio. There are old reports of isolated populations from near Detroit, Michigan, but these appear now to have been lost to urban development."
"Tatler"" in 1710 with similar uses from the 1800s. The adjective was applied to the fruit, once known scientifically as """"Citrus nobilis"" var. ""tangeriana"""" which grew in the region of Tangiers. This usage appears in the 1800s In India it is called ""Narangi"" in Hindi (Hindi:नारंगी), ""Narangi"" means ""Orange color"" and hence it refers to the bright orange color of the fruit. Tangerine The tangerine (""Citrus tangerina"") is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""). The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier, Morocco, described as a mandarin variety. Under the"
"Mandarin orange The mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. Mandarins are smaller and oblate, rather than spherical like the common oranges (which are a mandarin hybrid). The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger. A ripe mandarin is firm to slightly soft, heavy for its size, and pebbly-skinned. The peel is very thin, with very little bitter white"
"Citrus × deliciosa Citrus"" × ""deliciosa (thorny (Australia), amarillo, beladi, ""Willowleaf Mandarin"", ""Mediterranean Mandarin"") is a citrus hybrid mandarin orange with just under 6 % pumelo ancestry. It is related to the ponkan. It has been widely grown around the Mediterranean since it appeared in Italy (between 1810 and 1818), but was not found in the orient until it was exported there. It is one of the most commercially important citrus. Its sweet fruit is eaten, its rind oil is used to flavour food and drinks, and petitgrain oil is extracted from the pruned leaves. Flower (particularly petals) are also"
"Morinda tinctoria Morinda tinctoria, commonly known as aal or Indian mulberry (though these common names also refer to ""Morinda citrifolia""), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to southern Asia. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 5–10 m tall. The leaves are 15–25 cm long, oblong to lanceolate. The flowers are tubular, white, scented, about 2 cm long. The fruit is a green syncarp, 2-2.5 cm diameter. The plant is extensively cultivated in India in order to make the morindone dye sold under the trade name ""Suranji"". Morindone is used for the"
"Meliaceae Meliaceae, or the mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. They are characterised by alternate, usually pinnate leaves without stipules, and by syncarpous, apparently bisexual (but actually mostly cryptically unisexual) flowers borne in panicles, cymes, spikes, or clusters. Most species are evergreen, but some are deciduous, either in the dry season or in winter. The family includes about 53 genera and about 600 known species, with a pantropical distribution; one genus (""Toona"") extends north into temperate China and south into southeast Australia, another (""Synoum"")"
"and leaves attached to the tangerine are a symbol of prosperity and good luck. Fairchild tangerine The Fairchild tangerine is a cross between a Clementine mandarin and an Orlando tangelo. The skin is thin with a deep orange color, is somewhat pebbly, and doesn't peel as easily as some other tangerines. It is juicy with a rich and sweet flavour and contains seeds. It is a popular variety in the United States, available from October until the middle of January and especially during the winter holidays. The Fairchild tangerine is one of California's most heavily planted varieties. Fairchild tangerines are"
"Tangerine The tangerine (""Citrus tangerina"") is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (""Citrus reticulata""). The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier, Morocco, described as a mandarin variety. Under the Tanaka classification system, ""Citrus tangerina"" is considered a separate species. Under the Swingle system, tangerines are considered to be a group of mandarin (""C. reticulata"") varieties. Genetic study has shown tangerines to be mandarin orange hybrids containing some pomelo DNA. Some differ only in disease resistance. The term is currently applied to any reddish-orange mandarin (and, in some jurisdictions, mandarin-like hybrids, including"
"Dancy (citrus) The Dancy tangerine (""zipper-skin"" tangerine, ""kid-glove orange"") was one of the oldest and formerly most popular American citrus varieties, but is now rarely sold. The Dancy originated in 1867, as a seedling grown by Colonel Dancy. It was called tangerine because its parent, the Moragne tangerine, was believed to come from Morocco. It has an intense, medium-sweet flavour, and its juice is more strongly-flavoured than orange juice. It is known (and sometimes named) for its loose, pliable peel, which is mainly orange flavedo, with very little bitter white mesocarp (also called albedo or pith). This allows the peel"
"Prosartes maculata Prosartes maculata is a North American species of plants in the lily family with the common names yellow mandarin, spotted mandarin or nodding mandarin. It is a perennial plant that flowers in the spring. It is a native plant of the Great Smoky Mountains and occurs in other parts of the Appalachian region from northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama to southern West Virginia and southern Ohio. There are old reports of isolated populations from near Detroit, Michigan, but these appear now to have been lost to urban development. ""Prosartes maculata"" is an herb up to 80 cm tall."
"the diverse range of the medicinal activities. On the other hand, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analyses revealed that tamarind seeds contained catechin, procyanidin B2, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chloramphenicol, myricetin, morin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol. The treatment of tamarind leaves on liver HepG2 cells significantly regulated the expression of genes and proteins involved with consequential impact on the coagulation system, cholesterol biosynthesis, xenobiotic metabolism signaling and antimicrobial response. Tamarind Tamarind (""Tamarindus indica"") is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a monotypic taxon (having only a single species). The tamarind tree"
"its close cousin red maple are the only ""Acer"" species which produce their fruit crop in spring instead of fall. The seeds of both trees have no epigeal dormancy and will germinate immediately. On mature trunks, the bark is gray and shaggy. On branches and young trunks, the bark is smooth and silvery gray. In spite of the reference to a “white maple” in the English Christmas carol, ""Wassail, Wassail All Over the Town (""Our bowl, it is made of the white maple tree""), the tree in the song is the sycamore maple, ""Acer pseudoplatanus"". Wildlife uses the silver maple"
"tesu tree, also called the flame of the forest, are typical source of bright red and deep orange colours. Powdered fragrant red sandal wood, dried hibiscus flowers, madder tree, radish, and pomegranate are alternate sources and shades of red. Mixing lime with turmeric powder creates an alternate source of orange powder, as does boiling saffron (kesar) in water. Mehendi and dried leaves of gulmohur tree offer a source of green colour. In some areas, the leaves of spring crops and herbs have been used as a source of green pigment. ""Haldi"" (turmeric) powder is the typical source of yellow colour."
"and ponkans, all pomelo-mandarin hybrids). Many traditional citrus groups, such as true sweet oranges and lemons, seem to be bud sports, clonal families of cultivars that have arisen from distinct spontaneous mutations of a single hybrid ancestor. Mandarin oranges (tangerines, satsumas - ""Citrus reticulata"") are one of the basic species, but the name mandarin is also used more generally for all small, easily peeled citrus, including a large range of hybrids. Swingle saw three species of mandarin, while Tanaka identified five groups with a total of 36 species. Webber (1948) divided them into four groups, king, satsuma, mandarin, and tangerine,"
"mountain laurel), ""Platanus occidentalis"" (American sycamore), ""Sapindus saponaria"" (Western soapberry), ""Juniperus ashei"" (Ashe juniper), ""Taxodium distichum"" (Bald cypress), ""Cercis canadensis"" (Eastern Redbud), ""Eriobotrya japonica"" (Loquat), ""Magnolia grandiflora"" (Southern Magnolia), ""Triadica sebifera"" (Chinese Tallow), ""Punica granatum"" (Pomegranate), ""Quercus stellata"" (Post Oak), ""Quercus muehlenbergii"" (Chinkapin Oak), ""Albizia julibrissin"" (Persian Silk Tree), ""Morus rubra"" (Red Mulberry), ""Ulmus americana"" (American Elm), ""Ailanthus altissima"" (Tree of Heaven), ""Morus alba"" (White Mulberry), ""Quercus phellos"" (Willow Oak), ""Cordia boissieri"" (Texas Wild Olive), ""Prunus mexicana"" (Mexican Plum), ""Quercus falcata"" (Southern Red Oak), ""Diospyros texana"" (Texas Persimmon), and ""Quercus shumardii"" (Shumard's Oak). Shrubs, bushes and small trees include ""Vachellia"
"but there was a major shift after European trade with the Indies opened. In the Middle Ages sealing wax was typically made of beeswax and 'Venice turpentine', a greenish-yellow resinous extract of the European Larch tree. The earliest such wax was uncolored; later the wax was colored red with vermilion. From the 16th century it was compounded of various proportions of shellac, turpentine, resin, chalk or plaster, and coloring matter (often vermilion, or red lead), but not necessarily beeswax. The proportion of chalk varied; coarser grades are used to seal wine bottles and fruit preserves, finer grades for documents. In"
"Moragne in 1843, giving the Moragne tangerine the other part of its name. The Moragne tangerine produced a seedling which became one of the oldest and most popular American varieties, the Dancy tangerine (zipper-skin tangerine, kid-glove orange). Genetic analysis has shown the parents of the Dancy to have been two mandarin orange hybrids each with a small pomelo contribution, a Ponkan mandarin orange and a second unidentified mandarin. The Dancy is no longer widely commercially grown; it is too delicate to handle and ship well, it is susceptible to ""Alternaria"" fungus, and it bears more heavily in alternate years. Dancys"
"to be eaten fresh and used to flavour dishes like tangerine beef. The Dancy may be a pure mandarin, unlike many commercial citrus cultivars, which are hybrids. Chōzaburō Tanaka classified the Dancy in ""Citrus tangerina""; he thought it was similar or identical to the obenimikan of Japan, and close to the Keonla and Ladu mandarins of India. Under the Swingle classification, the Dancy is classed in ""Citrus reticulata"", the mandarin group. Until the 1970s, most tangerines grown and eaten in the USA were Dancys. It is no longer widely commercially grown; it is too delicate to ship well, it is"
"(""Toona ciliata"") and woody pear (""Xylomelum pyriforme""); Darling or river lily (""Crinum sp.""); she oak (""Casuarina sp.""). Other exotic species include Cape chestnut (""Calodendrum capense""); Atlas cedar (""Cedrus atlantica""); camphor laurel (""Cinnamomum camphora""); Monterey cypress (""Hesperocyparis macrocarpa""); cockspur coral tree (""Erythrina crista-galli""); crepe myrtle (""Lagerstroemia indica cv.""); Hupeh crab apple (""Malus hupehensis""); oleander (""Nerium oleander cv.""); avocado (""Persea americana cv.""); Mexican weeping pine (""Pinus patula""); Eastern cottonwood (""Populus deltoides""), Lombardy poplar (""P.nigra"" 'Italica'); plum (""Prunus domestica cv.""); peach (""P.persica cv.""); pear (""Pyrus communis cv.""); cherry guava (""Psidium cattleyanum""); tree gardenia (""Rothmannia globosa""); pepper tree (""Schinus molle""); ""Camellia japonica"" cv. shrubs;"
"Terpenoid The terpenoids ( ), sometimes called isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from terpenes. Most are multicyclic structures with oxygen-containing functional groups. About 60% of known natural products are terpenoids. Although sometimes used interchangeably with ""terpenes"", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually O-containing. Terpenes are hydrocarbons. Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol,"
"Clementine A clementine (""Citrus × clementina"") is a tangor, a hybrid between a willowleaf mandarin orange (""C."" × ""deliciosa"") and a sweet orange (""C. × sinensis""), so named in 1902. The exterior is a deep orange colour with a smooth, glossy appearance. Clementines can be separated into 7 to 14 segments. Similar to tangerines, they tend to be easy to peel. They are typically juicy and sweet, with less acid than oranges. Their oils, like other citrus fruits, contain mostly limonene as well as myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and many complex aromatics. The clementine is a spontaneous citrus hybrid that arose"
"x mandarin hybrids (e.g. clementines). Mandarin traits generally include being smaller and oblate, easier to peel, and less acidic. Pomelo traits include a thick white albedo (rind pith, mesocarp) that is more closely attached to the segments. Orange trees generally are grafted. The bottom of the tree, including the roots and trunk, is called rootstock, while the fruit-bearing top has two different names: budwood (when referring to the process of grafting) and scion (when mentioning the variety of orange). The word ""orange"" derives from the Sanskrit word for ""orange tree"" (""नारङ्ग nāraṅga""), which in turn derives from a Dravidian root"
"Carotenoids are responsible for the brilliant yellows and oranges that tint deciduous foliage (such as dying autumn leaves) of certain hardwood species as hickories, ash, maple, yellow poplar, aspen, birch, black cherry, sycamore, cottonwood, sassafras, and alder. Carotenoids are the dominant pigment in autumn leaf coloration of about 15-30% of tree species. However, the reds, the purples, and their blended combinations that decorate autumn foliage usually come from another group of pigments in the cells called anthocyanins. Unlike the carotenoids, these pigments are not present in the leaf throughout the growing season, but are actively produced towards the end of"
"""C. tachibana"" and ""C. reshni""), and mandarin hybrids. Genetic analysis is consistent with mandarins representing a single species, with much of the variation within mandarins being due to hybridization. There are only a small number of genetically-pure cultivars, including the Tachibana orange, which Talon determined to be sufficiently divergent to be classified as a distinct subspecies,""Citrus reticulata tachibana"" and found by Wang to have branched from the wild mandarin lineage prior to the split that gave rise to the two domesticated clusters. Others, such as Sun Chu Sha mandarin and Nanfengmiju, were found to be pure in initial genomic characterization,"
"Citrus reshni Citrus reshni also known as Cleopatra mandarin is a citrus tree that is commonly used in agriculture as a rootstock of different cultivated species of citrus, mostly orange, grapefruit, tangerine and lemon. It originated in India and later was introduced to Florida from Jamaica in the mid-nineteenth century. The Cleopatra mandarin fruit belong to the ""acidic"" group of mandarins, which are too sour to be edible. When they are grown it is for the rootstock or for juice production. The rootstock can handle multiple soil conditions including tolerance to the presence of limestone, salinity and soil alkalinity along"
"Magnoliids Magnoliids (or Magnoliidae or Magnolianae) are a group of flowering plants. Until recently, the group included about 9,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others. That group is characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves. ""Magnoliidae"" is the botanical name of a subclass, and ""magnoliids"" is an informal name that does not conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The circumscription of a subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used. The only requirement is that it must include the"
"cherries, plums, peaches, apricots, pears, starfruit, pineapple, apples, oranges, lemons, limes and clementines. Angelica is rarely seen in Western cooking except as a glacé fruit. Succade Succade is the candied peel of any of the citrus species, especially from the citron or ""Citrus medica"" which is distinct with its extra-thick peel; in addition, the taste of the inner rind of the citron is less bitter than those of the other citrus. However, the term is also occasionally applied to the peel, root, or even entire fruit or vegetable like parsley, fennel and cucurbita which have a bitter taste and are"