"Shade-grown coffee Shade-grown coffee is a form of the beverage produced from coffee plants grown under a canopy of trees. A canopy of assorted types of shade trees is created to cultivate shade-grown coffee. Because it incorporates principles of natural ecology to promote natural ecological relationships, shade-grown coffee can be considered an offshoot of agricultural permaculture or agroforestry. The resulting coffee is usually sold as ""shade-grown"". Coffee (especially ""Coffea arabica"") is a small tree or shrub that grows in the forest understory in its wild form, and traditionally was grown commercially under other trees that provided shade. Since the mid-1970s,"
"is called a ""peaberry"". The peaberry occurs only between 10 and 15% of the time, and it is a fairly common (yet scientifically unproven) belief that they have more flavour than normal coffee beans. Like Brazil nuts (a seed) and white rice, coffee beans consist mostly of endosperm. The two most economically important varieties of coffee plant are the Arabica and the Robusta; ~60% of the coffee produced worldwide is Arabica and ~40% is Robusta. Arabica beans consist of 0.8–1.4% caffeine and Robusta beans consist of 1.7–4% caffeine. As coffee is one of the world's most widely consumed beverages, coffee"
"mass, these mutants contain only 0.76 mg of caffeine per gram, but with all the taste of normal coffee. Coffea arabica Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabian coffee, ""coffee shrub of Arabia"", ""mountain coffee"", or ""arabica coffee"", is a species of ""Coffea"". It is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is the dominant cultivar, representing some 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (""C. canephora"") makes up the preponderance of the balance. Wild plants grow between tall, and have an open"
"the balance. Roasted robusta beans produce a strong, full-bodied coffee with a distinctive, earthy flavour, but usually with more bitterness than arabica due to their high pyrazine content. Some 37% to 40% of the coffee produced in the world is robusta. It is mostly grown in Vietnam, where French colonists introduced it in the late 19th century, though it is also grown in India, Africa and Brazil, where it is often called ""conilon"". In recent years, Vietnam, which produces mostly robusta, has become the world's largest exporter of robusta coffee, accounting for over 40% of the total production. It surpasses"
"Coffea Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. ""Coffea"" species are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. The seeds of some species, called coffee beans, are used to make various coffee beverages and products. Coffee ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa. There are over 120 species of ""Coffea"", which is grown from seed. The two most popular are ""Coffea arabica"" (commonly known"
"are generally known by the region in which they are grown, such as Colombian, Java and Kona. Arabica coffee beans are cultivated mainly in Latin America, eastern Africa or Asia, while robusta beans are grown in central Africa, throughout southeast Asia, and Brazil. Originally, coffee farming was done in the shade of trees that provided a habitat for many animals and insects. Remnant forest trees were used for this purpose, but many species have been planted as well. These include leguminous trees of the genera ""Acacia"", ""Albizia"", ""Cassia"", ""Erythrina"", ""Gliricidia"", ""Inga"", and ""Leucaena"", as well as the nitrogen-fixing non-legume sheoaks"
"coffee species, Coffea canephora (robusta). Arabica contains less caffeine than any other commercially cultivated species of coffee. Robusta is a species of coffee which has its origins in western Africa. It is grown mostly in Africa and Brazil, where it is often called Conillon. It is also grown in Southeast Asia where French colonists introduced it in the late 19th century. In recent years Vietnam, which only produces robusta, has surpassed Brazil, India, and Indonesia to become the world's single largest exporter. Approximately one third of the coffee produced in the world is robusta. Coffee was introduced to Japan by"
"Coffea arabica Coffea arabica (), also known as the Arabian coffee, ""coffee shrub of Arabia"", ""mountain coffee"", or ""arabica coffee"", is a species of ""Coffea"". It is believed to be the first species of coffee to be cultivated, and is the dominant cultivar, representing some 60% of global production. Coffee produced from the less acidic, more bitter, and more highly caffeinated robusta bean (""C. canephora"") makes up the preponderance of the balance. Wild plants grow between tall, and have an open branching system; the leaves are opposite, simple elliptic-ovate to oblong, long and broad, glossy dark green. The flowers are"
"world is robusta. It is mostly grown in Vietnam, where French colonists introduced it in the late 19th century, though it is also grown in Africa and Brazil, where it is often called ""conilon"". In recent years, Vietnam, which produces mostly robusta, has surpassed Brazil, India, and Indonesia to become the world's single largest exporter of robusta coffee. Brazil is still the biggest producer of coffee in the world, producing one-third of the world's coffee, though 80% of that is ""C. arabica"". Robusta is easier to care for and has a greater crop yield than ""C. arabica"", so is cheaper"
"bean are the runner bean (""Phaseolus coccineus"") and the broad bean (""Vicia faba""). Beans are grown on every continent except Antarctica. Worldwide, 27 million tonnes of dried beans and 24 million tonnes of green beans were grown in 2016. In 2016, Myanmar was the largest producer of dried beans, while China produced 79% of the world total of green beans. The wild ""P. vulgaris"" is native to the Americas. It was originally believed that it had been domesticated separately in Mesoamerica and in the southern Andes region, giving the domesticated bean two gene pools. However, recent genetic analyses show that"
"white, 10–15 mm in diameter and grow in axillary clusters. The seeds are contained in a drupe (commonly called a ""cherry"") 10–15 mm in diameter, maturing bright red to purple and typically contains two seeds, the actual coffee beans. ""Coffea arabica"" is the only polyploid species of the genus ""Coffea,"" as it carries 4 copies of the 11 chromosomes (44 total) instead of the 2 copies of diploid species. Specifically, ""Coffea arabica"" is itself the result of a hybridization between the diploids ""Coffea canephora"" and ""Coffea eugenioides,"" thus making it an allotetraploid, with ""two"" copies of two different genomes. Endemic"
"drinks. Barako only accounts for less than 2% of commercial coffee grown. It is abundant in the Philippines. It is rarely exported, as most production come from small farms. It is sold to the local and tourist market. It is also produced in Malaysia. The shape of the beans is not symmetric, which is unique among the four remaining commercial species (""arabica"", ""robusta"", ""excelsa"" and ""liberica""). One side is lower than the other side, creating a distinctive ""point"" or hook at the bottom. The furrow in the middle is generally jagged rather than straight as in other coffee species. Barako"
"Coffee Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, the seeds of berries from certain ""Coffea"" species. The genus ""Coffea"" is native to tropical Africa (specifically having its origin in Ethiopia and Sudan) and Madagascar, the Comoros, Mauritius, and Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, Indian subcontinent, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are ""C. arabica"" and ""C. robusta"". Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as ""beans"") are roasted to varying"
"Brazil (25% of the world's production), Indonesia (15%), India (6%), and Uganda (4,5%). Brazil is still the biggest coffee producer in the world, producing one-third of the world's coffee, though 70% of that is ""C. arabica"". Robusta is easier to care for and has a greater crop yield than ""C. arabica"", so is cheaper to produce. Roasted robusta beans produce a strong, full-bodied coffee with a distinctive, earthy flavour, but usually with more bitterness than arabica due to their pyrazine content. Since arabica beans are believed to have a smoother taste with more acidity and a richer flavour, they are"
"Southeast Asia, China, and assorted islands in the Caribbean and in the Pacific. The conservation of the genetic variation of ""C. arabica"" relies on conserving healthy populations of wild coffee in the Afromontane rainforests of Ethiopia. Genetic research has shown coffee cultivation is threatening the genetic integrity of wild coffee because it exposes wild genotypes to cultivars. Nearly all of the coffee that has been cultivated over the past few centuries originated with just a handful of wild plants from Ethiopia, and today the coffee growing on plantations around the world contains less than 1% of the diversity contained in"
"beans. Coffee production in competitor regions of Brazil, Africa and Java declined when coffee rust plagued the regions and from 1887 to 1889, the Philippines was the only source of coffee in the world. In 1889, coffee production in the country saw a great decline following the introduction of coffee rust in the country and increased incidence of insect infestation. These elements virtually destroyed all coffee trees in Batangas. By 1891, coffee production in the country was reduced to 1/6 of its total production two years earlier. By this period, Brazil has regained its position as a major coffee producer."
"Robusta coffee Robusta coffee is coffee made from the ""Coffea canephora"" plant, a sturdy species of coffee bean with low acidity and high bitterness. C. canephora beans, widely known by the synonym Coffea robusta, are used primarily in instant coffee, espresso, and as a filler in ground coffee blends. Robusta has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is easy to care for, has a greater crop yield, has almost double the amount of caffeine and more antioxidants, and is less susceptible to disease than arabica coffea. It represents approximately 40% of global coffee production, with arabica constituting"
"unwashed or natural coffee). The entire berries are cleaned and placed in the sun to dry for 8–10 days (or up to four weeks during unfavorable conditions). The outer layer of the dried berry is then removed in a hulling process before the beans are sorted, graded and packed in 60 kg bags. Several species in the coffee genus, ""Coffea"", can be grown for their beans, but two species, arabica and robusta, account for virtually all production. Arabica dominates both Brazil and the world as a whole with about 85% of the production; robusta accounts for the remaining 30%. In"
"those found in tea, cacao and other such plants. Coffea Coffea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. ""Coffea"" species are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. The seeds of some species, called coffee beans, are used to make various coffee beverages and products. Coffee ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa. There are over 120 species of ""Coffea"", which is grown from seed."
"simply as ""Arabica""), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and ""Coffea canephora"" (known as ""Robusta""), which accounts for about 20–40%. The trees produce edible red or purple fruits called ""cherries"" that are described either as epigynous berries or as indehiscent drupes. These contain two seeds, called ""coffee beans"", though they are not true beans. In about 5–10% of any crop of coffee cherries, only a single bean is found. Called a peaberry, it is smaller and rounder than a normal coffee bean. These are often removed from the yield and either sold separately or discarded. When grown"
"consumed in the US. Coffee has become a vital cash crop for many developing countries. Over one hundred million people in developing countries have become dependent on coffee as their primary source of income. It has become the primary export and backbone for African countries like Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia, as well as many Central American countries. Several species of shrub of the genus ""Coffea"" produce the berries from which coffee is extracted. The two main species commercially cultivated are ""Coffea canephora"" (predominantly a form known as 'robusta') and ""C. arabica"". ""C. arabica"", the most highly regarded species, is"
"Single-origin coffee Single-origin coffee is coffee grown within a single known geographic origin. Sometimes, this is a single farm, or a specific collection of beans from a single country. The name of the coffee is then usually the place it was grown to whatever degree available. Single-origins are viewed by some as a way to get a specific taste, and some independent coffee shops have found that this gives them a way to add value over large chains. There are no real rules or governing body enforcing the labeling of coffee. A single origin coffee could be: Estate coffees are"
"are especially appreciated by worms and acid-loving plants such as blueberries. Some commercial coffee shops run initiatives to make better use of these grounds, including Starbucks' ""Grounds for your Garden"" project, and community sponsored initiatives such as ""Ground to Ground"". Climate change may significantly impact coffee yields within a few decades. Kew Royal Botanic Gardens concluded that global warming threatens the genetic diversity of Arabica plants found in Ethiopia and surrounding countries. In 2016, world production of green coffee beans was 9.2 million tonnes, led by Brazil with 33% of the total (table). Vietnam, Colombia, and Indonesia were other major"
"around the world. Other scholars believe that the coffee plant was introduced into Yemen from Ethiopia, based on a Yemeni tradition that slips of both coffee and ""qat"" were planted at 'Udein' ('the two twigs') in Yemen in pre-Islamic times. ""Coffea arabica"" was first described by Antoine de Jussieu, who named it ""Jasminum arabicum"" after studying a specimen from the Botanic Gardens of Amsterdam. Linnaeus placed it in its own genus ""Coffea"" in 1737. One strain of ""Coffea arabica"" naturally contains very little caffeine. While beans of normal ""C. arabica"" plants contain 12 mg of caffeine per gram of dry"
". The three main varieties of cacao beans used in chocolate are criollo, forastero, and trinitario. Representing only 5% of all cocoa beans grown , criollo is the rarest and most expensive cocoa on the market, and is native to Central America, the Caribbean islands and the northern tier of South American states. The genetic purity of cocoas sold today as criollo is disputed, as most populations have been exposed to the genetic influence of other varieties. Criollos are particularly difficult to grow, as they are vulnerable to a variety of environmental threats and produce low yields of cocoa per"
"a specific type of single-origin coffee. They are generally grown on a single farm, which might range in size from a few acres to large plantations occupying many square miles, or a collection of farms which all process their coffee at the same mill. Micro-lot coffees are another type of specific single-origin coffee from a single field on a farm, a small range of altitude, and specific day of harvest. Single-origin coffee Single-origin coffee is coffee grown within a single known geographic origin. Sometimes, this is a single farm, or a specific collection of beans from a single country. The"
"is traded in futures contracts on many exchanges, including the New York Board of Trade, New York Mercantile Exchange, New York Intercontinental Exchange, and the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange. The world's largest transfer point for coffee is the port of Hamburg, Germany. In 2009 Brazil was the world leader in production of green coffee, followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia and Ethiopia. Arabica coffee beans are cultivated in Latin America, eastern Africa, Arabia, or Asia. Robusta coffee beans are grown in western and central Africa, throughout southeast Asia, and to some extent in Brazil. Beans from different countries"
"Benguet coffee is characterized as having an acidity comparable to Hawaiian Kona coffee and Jamaiacan Blue Mountain coffee. Benguet coffee is listed in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of endangered heritage foods by the Slow Food movement. Benguet coffee Benguet coffee, also known as Benguet arabica, is a single-origin coffee varietal grown in the Cordillera highlands of the northern Philippines since the 19th century. It belongs to the species ""Coffea arabica"", of the Typica variety. It is one of the main crops of farmers in the province of Benguet, which has a climate highly suitable for arabica cultivation. Benguet"
"coffee across the world. The heritage of coffee grown all around the world can be found in the forests of Ethiopia, where the theory of its origins also resides. According to local legend, a goat herder named Kaldi saw his goats eating coffee ""berries"". This caused them to gain extreme amounts of energy, preventing them from sleeping at night. He brought this information to local monks, who created a drink with the coffee beans. One monk who drank the concoction found that it allowed him to stay up all night and pray. As this information spread to other Ethiopian monks,"
"sugar-rich plant matter; most vodka today is produced from grains such as sorghum, corn, rye or wheat. Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from the roasted seeds of several species of an evergreen shrub of the genus ""Coffea"". The two most common sources of coffee beans are the highly regarded ""Coffea arabica"", and the ""robusta"" form of the hardier ""Coffea canephora"". Coffee plants are cultivated in more than 70 countries. Once ripe, coffee ""berries"" are picked, processed, and dried to yield the seeds inside. The seeds are then roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor, before being ground"
"Nacional (cocoa bean) The Nacional is a rare variety of cocoa bean found in areas of South America such as Ecuador and Peru. Some experts in the 21st century had formerly considered the Nacional bean to be extinct. Pure genotypes of the bean are rare because most Nacional varieties have been interbred with other cocoa bean varieties. The Ecuadorian cacao variety called “Nacional” traces its genetic lineage as far back as 5,300 years, to the earliest-known cacao trees domesticated by humanity. In the 18th and 19th centuries Nacional was considered by many European chocolatiers to be the most coveted source"
"landslides. Kadua cookiana Kadua cookiana (formerly ""Hedyotis cookiana"") is a rare species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common names 'awiwi and Cook's bluet. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from Kauai, having been extirpated from Molokai and Hawaii. It is a federally listed endangered species of the United States. Today there are two populations of the plant in the Hanakoa and Waiahuakua Valleys on the Nā Pali Coast of Kauai, with a total global population of no more than 122 individuals. The plant grows next to flowing water, particularly waterfalls, where"
"Coffee production in Ecuador Coffee production in Ecuador is one of only 15 countries in the world that grows and exports both Arabica and Robusta coffee, the two main species of coffee produced and consumed in the world. Different ecosystems in Ecuador permit different coffee cultures to occur all over the country, including in the Galápagos Islands. Historically, the Jipijapa Zone in the province of Manabí has been one of the most prominent places in which coffee has been cultivated in Ecuador. In 1860, coffee grains were introduced there. When Ecuador opened up to foreign trade and commerce, significant changes"