"Spoonerism A spoonerism is an error in speech in which corresponding consonants, vowels, or morphemes are switched (see Metathesis) between two words in a phrase. These are named after the Oxford don and ordained minister William Archibald Spooner, who was famous for doing this. An example is saying ""The Lord is a shoving leopard"" instead of ""The Lord is a loving shepherd."" While spoonerisms are commonly heard as slips of the tongue, and getting one's words in a tangle, they can also be used intentionally as a play on words. It is named after the Reverend William Archibald Spooner (1844–1930),"
"Words, Words, Words Words, Words, Words is a one-act play written by David Ives for his collection of six one-act plays, ""All in the Timing"". The play is about Kafka, Milton, and Swift, three intelligent chimpanzees who are put in a cage together under the experimenting eye of a never seen Dr. Rosenbaum, a scientist testing the hypothesis that three apes hitting keys at random on typewriters for an infinite amount of time will almost surely produce Shakespeare's play ""Hamlet"" (a variation on the infinite monkey theorem). The show's title is a phrase quoted from ""Hamlet"". The performance comprises the"
"distinguishes, and having chosen B as being the thing to do from among a set of distinguished behavioral alternatives. In the vernacular, such behavior is characterized as ""knowing what you're doing and doing it on purpose."" Such behaviors as making a carefully considered move in a board game, ordering from a restaurant menu, or phrasing a verbal reply so as not to offend another represent clear, everyday examples of deliberate actions. (""Paradigmatically"" gets at the point that persons are not always engaging in deliberate action; e.g., when they are asleep or if they have been knocked unconscious.) Defending this conception"
"centuries but had fallen out of use by the 18th century, gradually replaced by the doctrine of provocation. Chance medley Chance medley (from the Anglo-French ""chance-medlee"", a mixed chance), also 'chaunce medley' or 'chaude melle', is a term from English law used to describe a homicide arising from a sudden quarrel or fight. In other words, the term describes ""the casual killing of a man, not altogether without the killer's fault, though without an evil intent; homicide by misadventure"". The term distinguishes a killing that lacks malice aforethought necessary for murder, on the one hand, and pure accident on the"
"Charades Charades (, ) is a parlor or party word guessing game. Originally, the game was a dramatic form of literary charades: a single person would act out each syllable of a word or phrase in order, followed by the whole phrase together, while the rest of the group guessed. A variant was to have teams who acted scenes out together while the others guessed. Today, it is common to require the actors to mime their hints without using any spoken words, which requires some conventional gestures. Puns and visual puns were and remain common. In the early 20th century,"
"a quest towards clarity and the setting is inside the main character’s mind, although most of the play we do not know that but nonetheless the play is mostly expressionistic. Possible worlds is also specifically post modern in that the setting varies and is somewhat unpredictable, the world are artificial and the meaning of the play comes with knowing the context. The language used in the play is modern but uses very little slang. During the scene with the block and slab men you hear throughout the scene the men saying “block” and “slab”. The Language that is used does"
"Here we informally survey some of those operations. For simplicity we assume that the domain of discourse is always {0,1,2,…}. The operation ¬ of ""negation"" (""not"") switches the roles of the two players, turning moves and wins by the machine into those by the environment, and vice versa. For instance, if ""Chess"" is the game of chess (but with ties ruled out) from the white player’s perspective, then ¬""Chess"" is the same game from the black player’s perspective. The ""parallel conjunction"" ∧ (""pand"") and ""parallel disjunction"" ∨ (""por"") combine games in a parallel fashion. A run of ""A""∧""B"" or ""A""∨""B"""
"the name because his father, Oxford, was already using it as a pen-name for his plays. Oxford had borrowed the name from a third Shakespeare, the man of that name from Stratford-upon-Avon, who was a law student at the time, but who was never an actor ""or"" a writer. Allen later changed his mind about Hughes and decided that the concealed child was the Earl of Southampton, the dedicatee of Shakespeare's narrative poems. This secret drama, which has become known as the Prince Tudor theory, was covertly represented in Oxford's plays and poems and remained hidden until Allen and Ward's"
"can be found today in the legal phrase ""without let or hindrance"" and in ball games such as tennis, squash, table tennis, and racquetball. Other contronyms are a form of polysemy, but where a single word acquires different and ultimately opposite definitions. For example, ""sanction""—""permit"" or ""penalize""; ""bolt"" (originally from crossbows)—""leave quickly"" or ""fix/immobilize""; ""fast""—""moving rapidly"" or ""unmoving"". Some English examples result from nouns being verbed in the patterns of ""add <noun> to"" and ""remove <noun> from""; e.g. ""dust"", ""seed"", ""stone"". Denotations and connotations can drift or branch over centuries. An apocryphal story relates how Charles II (or sometimes Queen"
"after an absurdly pretentious dialogue between the pedantic schoolmaster Holofernes and his friend Sir Nathaniel. The two pedants converse in a mixture of Latin and florid English. When Moth, a witty young servant, enters, Costard says of the pedants: Flap-dragon was a game which involved trying to eat hot raisins from a bowl of burning brandy. The word has been used by adherents of the Baconian theory who believe Shakespeare's plays were written in steganographic cypher by Francis Bacon. In 1905 Isaac Hull Platt argued that it was an anagram for ""hi ludi, F. Baconis nati, tuiti orbi"", Latin for"
"the play. In 2016, Oxford University Press announced that it will credit Christopher Marlowe as co-author alongside Shakespeare for all three ""Henry VI"" plays in its ""New Oxford Shakespeare"" series. The very functioning of language itself is literally a theme in the play, with particular emphasis placed on its ability to represent by means of signs (semiosis), the power of language to sway, the aggressive potential of language, the failure of language to adequately describe reality and the manipulation of language so as to hide the truth. The persuasive power of language is first alluded to by Charles, who tells"
"saying / words / words words words / that we can't understand / Or was it to see / A real man dying / slowly behind this mask of speech?""), followed by trumpets meant to imitate the traditional call to the audience indicating the start of a play. This piece is one of his more avant garde works, composed for organ and prepared tape. While the organ part blends aspects of early Canadian music with techniques inspired by Charles Ives, the electronic element of the tape brings those aspects into the 1970s. As recorded in the Encyclopedia of Music in"
"the sense of some of the obscure dialogue, but not in a theatre in a matter of seconds while the action speeds by and the actors deliver the lines with all the urgency of the moment then move on. Its time, goes the argument of many scholars, for versions that will do for a contemporary English-speaking public what has been done for much of the world where Shakespeare is performed in the native language of the audience—make every word intelligible. Play on! is an OSF project being carried out by 36 playwrights paired with dramaturgs working in concert with 17"
"also used specially devised notations to introduce variability into the performance of a work, sometimes instructing the performers to improvise a short passage or play ""ad libitum."" John Cage is regarded as a pioneer of indeterminacy in music. Beginning in the early 1950s, the term came to refer to the (mostly American) movement which grew up around Cage. This group included the other members of the so-called New York School: Earle Brown, Morton Feldman and Christian Wolff. Others working in this way included the Scratch Orchestra in the United Kingdom (1968 until the early 1970s) and the Japanese composer Toshi"
"his death, ""The Times"" recorded that ""He was not afraid of conversation."" William Archibald Spooner William Archibald Spooner (22 July 1844 – 29 August 1930) was a long-serving Oxford don, notable for absent-mindedness, and supposedly liable to mix up the syllables in a spoken phrase, with unintentionally comic effect. Such phrases became known as spoonerisms, and are often used humorously. Many spoonerisms have been invented and attributed to Spooner. Spooner was born at 17 Chapel Street, Grosvenor Place, London, SW1. He was educated at Oswestry School (where he was a contemporary of Frederick Gustavus Burnaby) and New College, Oxford, where"
"Whist Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for scientific play. Whist is a descendant of the 16th-century game of ""trump"" or ""ruff"". Whist replaced the popular variant of ""trump"" known as ruff and honours. The game takes its name from the 17th Century ""whist"" (or ""wist"") meaning ""quiet"", ""silent"", ""attentive"", which is the root of the modern ""wistful"". According to Daines Barrington, whist was first played on scientific principles by a party of gentlemen who frequented the Crown Coffee House"
"many others. These transitive versions have been called unergative verbs, but this term is not fully accepted since it is used for many other senses. Patientive (S = O) ambitransitives are those where the single argument of the intransitive (S) corresponds to the object (O) of the transitive. For example, in the sentence ""John (S) tripped"" and ""John (A) tripped Mary (O)"", John is doing the falling in the first sentence. Likely candidates for this type of ambitransitive are verbs that affect an agent spontaneously, or those that can be engineered by an agent. English has ""bend"", ""break"", ""burn"", ""burst"","
"writers lacked the vocabulary to express such ideas. To accommodate this, writers such as Edmund Spenser, Sir Philip Sidney, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare expressed new ideas and distinctions by inventing, borrowing or adopting a word or a phrase from another language, known as neologizing. Scholars estimate that, between the years 1500 and 2018, nouns, verbs and modifiers of Latin, Greek and modern Romance languages added 30,000 new words to the English language. Shakespeare's works have been a major influence on subsequent theatre. Shakespeare created some of the most admired plays in Western literature (with ""Macbeth, Hamlet"" and ""King Lear"""
"an anguished ""No!"" and the eventual dropping of his ""club"" followed by shuffling away. His entrance/exit frames the main body of the play. The going is not easy; from the very beginning it's obvious that Words and Music do not enjoy each other's company. The play opens with Music – a small orchestra – tuning up much to the irritation of Words who is trying to rehearse a soliloquy on the unlikely theme of sloth. The orchestra interrupts him in the middle of his speech and again at the end when he's straining to hear if their master is approaching."
"not apparently meant to suggest piano or other keyboard instrument(s). It is apparently only meant to indicate that the graphic elements are musical, not purely artistic, in character. Cardew worked on the composition from 1963 to 1967. Although the score allows for absolute interpretive freedom (no one interpretation will sound like another), the work is not normally played spontaneously, as Cardew had previously suggested that performers devise in advance their own rules and methods for interpreting and performing the work. There are, however, almost infinite possibilities for the interpretation of ""Treatise"" that fall within the implications of the piece and"
"Bariolage The bowed string instrument musical technique bariolage ( or, since the word is a noun rather than an adjective, ""odd mixture of colours"", from the verb ""barioler"", ""to streak with several colors"") involves ""the alternation of notes on adjacent strings, one of which is usually open"", exploiting ""the individual timbre of the various strings."" This may involve quick alternation between a static note and changing notes that form a melody either above or below the static note. The static note is usually an open string note, which creates a highly resonant sound. """"Bariolage"""" is a nineteenth-century term for an"
"debated. Various suggestions have been made to explain this. G. R. Hibbard argues that the name was originally ""Polonius"", but was changed because Q1 derives from a version of the play to be performed in Oxford and Cambridge, and the original name was too close to that of Robert Polenius, founder of Oxford University. Since Polonius is a parody of a pompous pseudo-intellectual, the name might have been interpreted as a deliberate insult. The title page of Q1 specifically states that the play was recently performed in London, Oxford and Cambridge. In most productions of the 20th century, up to"
"decided, the chosen cards are sealed within an envelope. Proceeding to the other side of the cabinet, the player is allowed to open the envelope and is then offered a second chance to match the two chosen cards with a pair from this second cabinet display, by which time it ""may be conjectured that some sort of deception or sleight of hand is being perpetrated"". Charles Albert Keeley Charles Albert Keeley (1 December 1821 – 11 August 1889) was a British inventor, amateur scientist, entertainer and pioneering colour expert. He is most famous for his 'Colour Conundrum' parlour game, and"
"Mordent In music, a mordent is an ornament indicating that the note is to be played with ""a single"" rapid alternation with the note above or below. Like trills, they can be chromatically modified by a small flat, sharp or natural accidental. The term entered English musical terminology at the beginning of the 19th century, from the German ""Mordent"" and its Italian etymon, ""mordente"", both used in the 18th century to describe this musical figure. The word ultimately is derived from the Latin ""mordere"" (to bite). The ""mordent"" is thought of as a rapid single alternation between an indicated note,"
"noun ""Aleatorik"" as an adjective, and so inadvertently created a new English word, ""aleatoric"". Pierre Boulez applied the term in this sense to his own pieces to distinguish them from the indeterminate music of John Cage. While Boulez purposefully composed his pieces to allow the performer certain liberties with regard to the sequencing and repetition of parts, Cage often composed through the application of chance operations without allowing the performer liberties. Another prolific composer of aleatory music was Karlheinz Stockhausen. Aleatoric techniques are sometimes used in contemporary film music. Examples can be found in John Williams's scores as well as,"
"manner of the word, which is another name for the game. People argue ""violently"", or make coffee ""quickly"", and there's always a time when the alcohol takes over and people suggest ""hornily"" and we all must watch as It makes two people writhe on the floor, supposedly dancing or eating or driving a car, until finally It guesses the adverb everyone's thinking of. It's a charade, although it's not much like Charades. You play until you get bored."" Handler's explanation of Adverbs leads to a discussion of the identity of characters across chapters: ""Nobody keeps score, because there's no sense"
"play by stating that it is a ""new way of writing.” Because at first he doesn't understand that Smith is criticising, Bayes just answers all the questions as if they were purely academic queries and not patronising questions. Bayes introduces his play, and claims that it will begin with two men whispering to one another. The egotistical playwright justifies the whispering on the grounds that they’re politicians and not supposed to talk about matters of state. We later discover the two men are plotting against the two kings of Brentford, and Bayes wants to foreshadow the future overthrowing of the"
"See also language game for a linguist's variation. Word play can cause problems for translators: e.g. in the book ""Winnie-the-Pooh"" a character mistakes the word ""issue"" for the noise of a sneeze, a resemblance which disappears when the word ""issue"" is translated into another language. Word play Word play or wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, phonetic mix-ups such as spoonerisms, obscure words and meanings, clever rhetorical excursions,"
"that non-pathological disfluencies may contain a variety of meaning; the frequency of ""uh"" and ""um"" in English is often reflective of a speaker's alertness or emotional state. Some have hypothesized that the time of an ""uh"" or ""um"" is used for the planning of future words; other researchers have suggested that they are actually to be understood as full-fledged function words rather than accidents, indicating a delay of variable time in which the speaker wishes to pause without voluntarily yielding control of the dialogue. There is some debate as to whether to consider them a form of noise or as"
"Some verbs may act as either stative or dynamic. A phrase like ""he plays the piano"" may be either stative or dynamic, according to the context. When, in a given context, the verb ""play"" relates to a state (an interest or a profession), he could be an amateur who enjoys music or a professional pianist. The dynamic interpretation emerges from a specific context in the case ""play"" describes an action, ""what does he do on Friday evening? He plays the piano"". The distinction between stative and dynamic verbs can be correlated with: A stative verb is often intransitive, while a"
"that in the English passive voice can still be specified as the agent of the action using ""by him"" in ""I was hugged by him""—for example, Dyirbal puts the agent in the dative case, and Basque retains the agent in the absolutive). In many languages, there are ""ambitransitive"" verbs, which can be either transitive or intransitive. For example, English ""play"" is ambitransitive, since it is grammatical to say ""His son plays"", and it is also grammatical to say ""His son plays guitar"". English is rather flexible as regards verb valency, and so it has a high number of ambitransitive verbs;"
"her review for ""Salon"", suggests that the novel is ""about a certain literary voice, the eminently civilized voice of early 19th-century social comedy"", exemplified by the works of Austen. The novel even uses obsolete spellings—""chuse"" for ""choose"" and ""shewed"" for ""showed"", for example—to convey this voice as well as the free indirect speech made famous by Austen. Clarke herself notes that Austen's influence is particularly strong in the ""domestic scenes, set in living rooms and drawing rooms where people mostly ""chat"" about magic"" where Dickens's is prominent ""any time there's more action or description"". While many reviewers compare Clarke's style"
"to translate. The former, an unsavoury area in London's magical market, is semi-homophonous with ""nocturnally,"" suggesting darkness and evil. The latter is a magical bowl into which memories and thoughts can be placed and examined, and is a portmanteau of two words: ""pensive"", meaning ""musingly or dreamily thoughtful,"" and ""sieve"", a type of bowl with perforations through which fine particles of a substance (such as flour) may be passed to separate them from coarser ones. Translators must creatively render such names. If the words are simply transliterated, the shades of meaning are lost; but, when new word-games are invented, they"