"overturned on Interstate 65, just south of Mammoth Cave National Park. A recovery plan is underway which includes: Kentucky cave shrimp The Kentucky cave shrimp (""Palaemonias ganteri"") is an eyeless, troglobite shrimp. It lives in caves in Barren County, Edmonson County, Hart County and Warren County, Kentucky. The shrimp's shell has no pigment; the species is nearly transparent and closely resembles its nearest relative, the Alabama cave shrimp. The habitat of the Kentucky cave shrimp is exclusively in underground streams of caves. It is endemic to the Mammoth Cave National Park region of central Kentucky. The shrimp feeds mainly on"
"by CRF. Notes Bibliography Gap Cave Gap Cave is located just underneath Pinnacle Overlook in the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Lee County, Virginia. Currently, the cave has a surveyed length of 18.5 miles and is the 42nd longest cave in the United States and 154th in the world. There are six known entrances: the Gap Cave Entrance (also known as the King Solomons Cave Entrance), an artificial entrance, known as the Cudjo's Cave Entrance, the Stream Entrance, the Soldiers Cave Entrance, the Big Saltpeter Cave Entrance, and the Wellhole. All lead into the same cave, Gap Cave. Throughout the"
"Gap Cave Gap Cave is located just underneath Pinnacle Overlook in the Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Lee County, Virginia. Currently, the cave has a surveyed length of 18.5 miles and is the 42nd longest cave in the United States and 154th in the world. There are six known entrances: the Gap Cave Entrance (also known as the King Solomons Cave Entrance), an artificial entrance, known as the Cudjo's Cave Entrance, the Stream Entrance, the Soldiers Cave Entrance, the Big Saltpeter Cave Entrance, and the Wellhole. All lead into the same cave, Gap Cave. Throughout the years Gap Cave has"
"Colossal Cavern Colossal Cavern is a cave in Kentucky, United States, the main entrance of which is at the foot of a steep hill beyond Eaton Valley, and 1.5 miles from Mammoth Cave. It is connected with what has long been known as the Bedquilt Cave. Several entrances found by local explorers were rough and difficult. They were closed when the property was bought in 1896 by the Louisville & Nashville railway and a new approach made. From the surface to the floor is under Chester Sandstone and in the St. Louis Limestone. Fossil corals fix the geological age of"
"Mega Cavern The Mega Cavern is a former limestone mine in Louisville, Kentucky. The cave stretches under parts of the Watterson Expressway and the Louisville Zoo. Due to its support structures, it is classified as a building and is the largest building in Kentucky. The cavern is used for business, storage, recycling, and tourism, with offerings including tram-guided tours, zipline tours, a ropes course, a mountain bike park, and an annual holiday lights display. The Mega Cavern is . structure located in Louisville, Kentucky with an entrance at 1841 Taylor Ave. About underground, the cave stretches under parts of the"
"Lost River Cave Lost River Cave is a seven-mile cave system located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The Lost River originates outside of the cave and flows into it. Lost River Cave contains one of the largest natural entrances in the Eastern U.S. Boat tours are available year-round, but close for Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, New Year's Day and at noon on New Year's Eve. The river was once listed by Ripley's Believe it or Not as the ""Shortest, deepest river in the world"" because the blue hole is over 437 feet deep, while the river itself is only"
"Floyd Collins William Floyd Collins (July 20, 1887 – c. February 13, 1925), better known as Floyd Collins, was an American cave explorer, principally in a region of Central Kentucky that houses hundreds of miles of interconnected, underground caverns within Mammoth Cave National Park, the longest cave system in the world. In the early 20th century, in an era known as the Kentucky Cave Wars, commercial cave owners and explorers in Kentucky entered into a bitter competition to exploit the bounty of caves for commercial profit from tourists, who paid to see the caves. On January 30, 1925, while trying"
"and operated by the state of Indiana and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources Bluespring Caverns Bluespring Caverns is a cave system located in Lawrence County, Indiana, approximately 80 miles (128 km) south of Indianapolis. The cave system is a karst and river type cave formation and drains a 15 miles² (38.8 km²) sinkhole plain. The cave contains of surveyed passages and is most notable for having the longest known subterranean river in the United States with approximately of navigable river. The cave system was discovered as early as the 19th century. Up until 1913, the entrance used was the"
"Bluespring Caverns Bluespring Caverns is a cave system located in Lawrence County, Indiana, approximately 80 miles (128 km) south of Indianapolis. The cave system is a karst and river type cave formation and drains a 15 miles² (38.8 km²) sinkhole plain. The cave contains of surveyed passages and is most notable for having the longest known subterranean river in the United States with approximately of navigable river. The cave system was discovered as early as the 19th century. Up until 1913, the entrance used was the exodus of a spring which drained into the White River. However, a dam completed"
"400 feet long. In fact, the blue hole is only 16 feet deep, but is linked to a further underground river. The 72-acre cave property is jointly owned by Western Kentucky University and the non-profit Friends of Lost River Cave. The cave consists of Chert (known as the Lost River Chert), which is overlaid by the Ste. Genevieve Limestone and St. Louis Limestone, both of which were laid down in the middle to late Mississippian Period. The river appears above ground in three short sections before flowing into the mouth of the cave. The most interesting section is the blue"
"Fisher Ridge Cave System The Fisher Ridge Cave System is a cave system located in Hart County, Kentucky, United States, near Mammoth Cave National Park. As of January 2018 it had been mapped to a length of , making it the fifth-longest cave in the United States and the tenth-longest in the world, but in May 2018, China's Shuanghedong Cave Network was discovered to be longer than previously thought, thereby displacing Fisher Ridge from the top ten. The earliest visitors to the Fisher Ridge Cave System were Archaic Native Americans who explored the cave. They scratched a lattice or checkerboard"
"efforts to identify a connection. Fisher Ridge Cave System The Fisher Ridge Cave System is a cave system located in Hart County, Kentucky, United States, near Mammoth Cave National Park. As of January 2018 it had been mapped to a length of , making it the fifth-longest cave in the United States and the tenth-longest in the world, but in May 2018, China's Shuanghedong Cave Network was discovered to be longer than previously thought, thereby displacing Fisher Ridge from the top ten. The earliest visitors to the Fisher Ridge Cave System were Archaic Native Americans who explored the cave. They"
"Center, which offers exhibits and nature programs year round. O'Bannon Woods State Park O'Bannon Woods State Park is a state park in the state of Indiana, 32 miles (51 km) west of Louisville, KY. O'Bannon Woods was originally known as the Wyandotte Woods State Recreation Area, which was part of the Harrison-Crawford State Forest. Its main attraction is Wyandotte Caves, which contain over nine miles of underground caverns and one of the world's largest underground ""mountains"". The Blue River runs through the park. Indiana DNR lists it as one of their ""Seven Hidden Jewels"". The park was named for former"
"Blue Spring Cave Blue Spring Cave is a cave located in White County, Tennessee, on the north side of Blue Spring Cove. Blue Spring Cave is Tennessee's longest cave and the 9th longest cave in the United States. Blue Spring Cave had an explored length of only 500 feet as recently as 1989. In that year a group of cave explorers enlarged a blowing crack at the rear of the cave that dropped into a large passage which they named Johnson Avenue, in honor of the owner of the property on which the cave's entrance is located. A second, artificial"
"O'Bannon Woods State Park O'Bannon Woods State Park is a state park in the state of Indiana, 32 miles (51 km) west of Louisville, KY. O'Bannon Woods was originally known as the Wyandotte Woods State Recreation Area, which was part of the Harrison-Crawford State Forest. Its main attraction is Wyandotte Caves, which contain over nine miles of underground caverns and one of the world's largest underground ""mountains"". The Blue River runs through the park. Indiana DNR lists it as one of their ""Seven Hidden Jewels"". The park was named for former governor Frank O'Bannon and houses the O'Bannon Woods Interpretive"
"Hellhole Hellhole is a large and deep pit cave in Germany Valley, eastern West Virginia. It is the 7th longest cave in the United States and is home to almost half of the world's population of Virginia big-eared bats. At 518 feet (158 meters), Hellhole is the deepest of several caves in the Valley. Hellhole has had a long and storied association with the National Speleological Society dating back to the creation of that organization in the early 1940s. Many basic caving techniques (e.g., the single rope technique) were developed in Hellhole's 154-foot (47 meter) entrance drop. The only known"
"Indian Caverns Indian Caverns was a show cave in Spruce Creek, Pennsylvania, United States from 1929-2017. It is a horizontal karst cave of Ordovician Nealmont/Benner limestone, estimated to be about 500,000 years old. It is the second-largest cave in Pennsylvania and the largest limestone cave. Indian Caverns consists of two sections, originally separated by a 14-foot wall: the ""Historic Cave"" and the ""Giant's Hall"". The ""historic"" part of the cave is generally low-ceilinged and closer to the surface (as shallow as 15 ft) with a couple of wide rooms and extensive speleothem formation. The Giant's Hall area consists of several"
"Fantastic Caverns Fantastic Caverns is a show cave located in Springfield, Missouri. Fantastic Caverns is the only cave in North America to offer a completely ride-through tour, which lasts 55 minutes and is held in a Jeep-drawn tram. The trams drive along the path left behind by an ancient underground river. The cavern was discovered by John Knox and his hunting dog in 1862. Knox did not want the cave to be exploited by the Union or Confederate governments as a possible source of saltpeter, so he kept the cave's existence quiet until 1867. Knox put an advertisement in the"
"Martin Ridge Cave System The Martin Ridge Cave System is a large cave near Mammoth Cave, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The system, composed of the interconnected Whigpistle, Martin Ridge, and Jackpot Caves, has been mapped to over , and is currently the United States' thirteenth-longest cave. The original entrance to the system, Whigpistle Cave, was discovered by Rick Schwartz in 1976. Mapping was initiated by the National Park Service under the supervision of park hydrologist Jim Quinlan in an effort to better understand the hydrology of Mammoth Cave's watershed. Surveyed so far to over , the Martin Ridge"
"Gardner Cave Gardner Cave is located in extreme northeastern Washington state inside Crawford State Park. Gardner Cave is the longest limestone cave in Washington state with a length of 1,055-feet. Only the first 494 feet are open to public access. A local bootlegger named Ed Gardner claimed to have discovered the cave in 1899 when the earth beneath him and his horse collapsed. He stored his moonshine in the cave because it had a constant temperature of 39 degrees Fahrenheit. According to one account, Mr. Gardner lost his deed to the cave and adjacent lands to William Crawford in a"
"Mammoth Cave National Park Mammoth Cave National Park is an American national park in central Kentucky, encompassing portions of Mammoth Cave, the longest cave system known in the world. Since the 1972 unification of Mammoth Cave with the even-longer system under Flint Ridge to the north, the official name of the system has been the Mammoth–Flint Ridge Cave System. The park was established as a national park on July 1, 1941, a World Heritage Site on October 27, 1981, and an international Biosphere Reserve on September 26, 1990. The park's are located primarily in Edmonson County, with small areas extending"
"with this discovery. The largest room of any cave in Indiana was also discovered in the stream level. There is almost 5 miles of known passageway to date at Marengo Cave, making it one of the longest caves in Indiana. Today Marengo cave is open all year long and offers two different walking tours. The Dripstone Trail tour covers 1 mile of the cave and takes approximately 60–70 minutes to complete. The Crystal Palace tour takes 35–40 minutes to complete and covers one third mile of the cave. Both tours see different sections of the cave and are not similar."
"Archaeological Investigations in the Central Kentucky Karst, 2 vols., Doctoral dissertation, Dep't of Anthropology, Washington University, St.Louis. Carstens, Kenneth C (1973) Archaeological Reconnaissance in Mammoth Cave National Park. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis. Mammoth Cave National Park Mammoth Cave National Park is an American national park in central Kentucky, encompassing portions of Mammoth Cave, the longest cave system known in the world. Since the 1972 unification of Mammoth Cave with the even-longer system under Flint Ridge to the north, the official name of the system has been the Mammoth–Flint Ridge Cave System. The park was established"
"Laurel Caverns Laurel Caverns, is the deepest cave in the northeastern United States and the largest in volume. Located in Farmington, Pennsylvania, it sits on Chestnut Ridge near Uniontown, about southeast of Pittsburgh. It is a privately owned show cave with a three-hour-long guided tour penetrating 46 stories deep into the mountain interior. It is within a calcareous sandstone made up of 70% silica grains cemented together with 30% calcium carbonate and a small amount of iron oxide. The cave formed when the calcium carbonate was dissolved by groundwater allowing the silica to be washed away. This gives the cave"
"but remain above freezing. Their food consists entirely of insects such as small beetles, moths, and gnats. Petty John's Cave Petty John's Cave is a karst cave located in Walker County, Georgia on the east side Pigeon Mountain in the Appalachian Plateau of Northwest Georgia. It has a surveyed length of 31,490 ft and reaches a depth of 235 ft. The cave is accessible via a path from a gravel parking area on the side of Rocky Lane. Out of the 242 listed, it is 119th longest cave in the United States as declared by the Georgia Speleological Survey. Petty"
"Ape Cave Ape Cave is a lava tube located in Gifford Pinchot National Forest just to the south of Mount St. Helens in Washington state. Its passageway is the longest continuous lava tube in the continental United States and the third longest (in total mapped length) lava tube in North America at 2.5 miles (4,023 meters). Ape Cave is a popular hiking destination with beautiful views of the Mount St. Helens lahar region. Lava tubes are an unusual formation in this region, as volcanoes of the Cascade Range are mostly stratovolcanos and do not typically erupt with pahoehoe (fluid basalt)."
"depth to 737 feet (225 m). Hellhole Hellhole is a large and deep pit cave in Germany Valley, eastern West Virginia. It is the 7th longest cave in the United States and is home to almost half of the world's population of Virginia big-eared bats. At 518 feet (158 meters), Hellhole is the deepest of several caves in the Valley. Hellhole has had a long and storied association with the National Speleological Society dating back to the creation of that organization in the early 1940s. Many basic caving techniques (e.g., the single rope technique) were developed in Hellhole's 154-foot (47"
"Mark Twain Cave Mark Twain Cave — originally McDowell's Cave — is a show cave located near Hannibal, Missouri, U.S.. It is the oldest operating show cave in the state, giving tours continuously since 1886. Along with nearby Cameron Cave, it became a registered National Natural Landmark in 1972, with a citation reading ""Exceptionally good examples of the maze type of cavern development"". The cave — as ""McDougal's Cave"" — plays an important role in the novel ""The Adventures of Tom Sawyer"" (1876) by Mark Twain and was renamed in honor of the author, a Hannibal native. Geologically Mark Twain"
"Dunbar Cave State Park Dunbar Cave State Park is a 110 acre (450,000 m²) park in Clarksville, Tennessee, situated around Dunbar Cave. Dunbar Cave is the 280th largest cave complex in the world, stretching 8.067 miles (13 km) inward. In front of the cave entrance is a large concrete poured structure with three distinct arches. The cave is located in an area of karst topography, including sinkholes, springs, and limestone bedrock. The manmade Swan Lake also sits in front of the cave. In March 2010 the cave was closed to tours and visitors because a bat infected with White nose"
"and stalactites in large open areas. Mark Twain Cave and Cameron Cave instead have a multitude of narrow, winding passages. The caves are made mostly of a soft limestone called Louisiana Lithographic Limestone and found only in a area around Hannibal and Louisiana, Missouri. The limestone has been estimated by geologists as around 350 million years old, while the cave passages were formed some 100 million years ago. Mark Twain Cave covers some consisting of four entrances and 260 passages, maintaining a year around temperature of . While it is possible that prehistoric Native Americans were aware of the cave,"
"the caves' lowest elevation passageways. Currently, at least a one-kilometer (3,300-foot) gap exists between the two caves' closest known reaches. Martin Ridge Cave System The Martin Ridge Cave System is a large cave near Mammoth Cave, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The system, composed of the interconnected Whigpistle, Martin Ridge, and Jackpot Caves, has been mapped to over , and is currently the United States' thirteenth-longest cave. The original entrance to the system, Whigpistle Cave, was discovered by Rick Schwartz in 1976. Mapping was initiated by the National Park Service under the supervision of park hydrologist Jim Quinlan in"
"Petty John's Cave Petty John's Cave is a karst cave located in Walker County, Georgia on the east side Pigeon Mountain in the Appalachian Plateau of Northwest Georgia. It has a surveyed length of 31,490 ft and reaches a depth of 235 ft. The cave is accessible via a path from a gravel parking area on the side of Rocky Lane. Out of the 242 listed, it is 119th longest cave in the United States as declared by the Georgia Speleological Survey. Petty John's Cave is a very popular cave for local students and spelunkers. It is a horizontal cave,"
"Bell Witch Cave The Bell Witch Cave is a karst cave located in Adams, Tennessee near where the Bell Farm once stood. The cave is approximately 490 feet (150 m) long. The cave is privately owned, and tours are given during the summer months and in October. This cave has been associated with the Bell Witch, a period during which the Bell Family was allegedly haunted by the Bell Witch. The cave is located on property once owned by the Bell family. Many believe that when the witch departed, she fled to the sanctuary of this cave. In the particular"