"1976 album, ""Third Reich and Roll"", did with 1960s top-40 music. Two editions were released of 400 copies each, the first issue being hand numbered. Pollex Christi Pollex Christi (""The Thumb of Christ"") was the first of Ralph America's limited edition CDs by the Residents. It is thought to be a solo studio project by the band's keyboardist and main composer Hardy Fox. The 20-minute synthesizer piece is made up entirely of quoted material, mostly works by famous German composers, including Beethoven's Fifth Symphony and Orff's Carmina Burana, with a few American television show tunes added in. The piece was"
"the other four fingers. The flexor pollicis brevis, which lies next to the abductor, will flex the thumb, curling it up in the palm. The opponens pollicis lies deep to abductor pollicis brevis. As its name suggests, it opposes the thumb, bringing it against the fingers. This is a very important movement, as most of human hand dexterity including grip comes from this action. The abductor pollicis brevis originates on the scaphoid tubercle and the flexor retinaculum. It inserts to the radial sesamoid bone and the proximal phalanx of the thumb. It is innervated by the median nerve (C8 and"
"Opponens pollicis muscle The opponens pollicis is a small, triangular muscle in the hand, which functions to oppose the thumb. It is one of the three thenar muscles, lying deep to the abductor pollicis brevis and lateral to the flexor pollicis brevis. The opponens pollicis originates from the flexor retinaculum of the hand and the tubercle of the trapezium. It passes downward and laterally, and is inserted into the whole length of the metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side. Like the other thenar muscles, the opponens pollicis is innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve."
"Flexor pollicis brevis muscle The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part. The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the flexor retinaculum and the tubercle of the trapezium, the most lateral bone in the distal row of carpal bones. It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus. The deeper (and medial) head ""varies in size and may be absent."" It arises from the trapezoid and capitate bones on"
"Flexor pollicis longus muscle The flexor pollicis longus (; FPL, Latin ""flexor"", bender; ""pollicis"", of the thumb; ""longus"", long) is a muscle in the forearm and hand that flexes the thumb. It lies in the same plane as the flexor digitorum profundus. This muscle is unique to humans, being ""either rudimentary or absent"" in other primates. It arises from the grooved anterior (side of palm) surface of the body of the radius, extending from immediately below the radial tuberosity and oblique line to within a short distance of the pronator quadratus muscle. An occasionally present accessory long head of the"
"Abductor pollicis brevis muscle The abductor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that functions as an abductor of the thumb. The abductor pollicis brevis is a flat, thin muscle located just under the skin. It is a thenar muscle, and therefore contributes to the bulk of the palm's thenar eminence. It originates from the flexor retinaculum of the hand, the tubercle of the scaphoid bone, and additionally sometimes from the tubercle of the trapezium. Running lateralward and downward, it is inserted by a thin, flat tendon into the lateral side of the base of the first phalanx of"
"flexes the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint, as well as flexion and medial rotation of the 1st metacarpal bone at the carpometacarpal joint. Flexor pollicis brevis muscle The flexor pollicis brevis is a muscle in the hand that flexes the thumb. It is one of three thenar muscles. It has both a superficial part and a deep part. The muscle's superficial head arises from the distal edge of the flexor retinaculum and the tubercle of the trapezium, the most lateral bone in the distal row of carpal bones. It passes along the radial side of the tendon of the flexor"
"first phalanx of the thumb. Absence; fusion of tendon with that of the extensor pollicis longus. In a close relationship to the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis both extends and abducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints. Extensor pollicis brevis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis arises from the ulna distal to the abductor pollicis longus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the"
"thumb, forming an arch on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx, from which branches are distributed to the integument and subcutaneous tissue of the thumb. Princeps pollicis artery The princeps pollicis artery, or principal artery of the thumb, arises from the radial artery just as it turns medially towards the deep part of the hand; it descends between the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the oblique head of the adductor pollicis, along the medial side of the first metacarpal bone to the base of the proximal phalanx, where it lies beneath the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle"
"by the ulnar nerve. The opponens pollicis and abductor pollicis brevis are normally innervated by the median nerve. The flexor pollicis brevis has two heads a superficial and a deep. The flexor pollicis brevis (FPB) is typically an ulnar-innervated muscle. Due to a common interconnection between the median and ulnar nerves in the hand (Riche-Cannieu interconnection), the Median nerve may innervate the FPB in 35% of people. It is innervated by the Ulnar nerve in 50% of people and by both the median and ulnar nerves in 15%. The adductor pollicis is typically innervated by the ulnar nerve. There are"
"supply they receive. The flexor pollicis longus is a flexor of the phalanges of the thumb; when the thumb is fixed, it assists in flexing the wrist. The flexor pollicis longus is supplied by the anterior interosseous(C8-T1) branch of the median nerve (C5-T1). Slips may connect with flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, flexor digitorum profundus muscle (resulting in the Linburg-Comstock syndrome), or the pronator teres muscle. An additional tendon to the index finger is sometimes found. Modern humans are unique among hominids in having a flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscle belly that is separate from that of the flexor digitorum profundus"
"Adductor pollicis muscle In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb. It has two heads: transverse and oblique. It is a fleshy, flat, triangular, and fan-shaped muscle deep in the thenar compartment beneath the long flexor tendons and the lumbrical muscles at the center of the palm. It overlies the metacarpal bones and the interosseous muscles. The oblique head (Latin: ""adductor obliquus pollicis"") arises by several slips from the capitate bone, the bases of the second and third metacarpals, the intercarpal ligaments, and the sheath of the tendon of"
"Abductor pollicis longus muscle In human anatomy, the abductor pollicis longus (APL) is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand. As the name implies, its major function is to abduct the thumb at the wrist. Its tendon forms the anterior border of the anatomical snuffbox. The abductor pollicis longus lies immediately below the supinator and is sometimes united with it. It arises from the lateral part of the dorsal surface of the body of the ulna below the insertion of the anconeus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the middle third of the dorsal surface of the body of"
"In 20% of the population, opponens pollicis is innovated by the ulnar nerve. https://nervesurgery.wustl.edu/ev/upperextremity/median/thenarbranch/Pages/OpponensPollicis.aspx The opponens pollicis receives its blood supply from the Superficial palmar arch. ""Apposition of the thumb"" is a combination of actions that allows the tip of the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers. The part of apposition that this muscle is responsible for is the flexion of the thumb's metacarpal at the first carpometacarpal joint. This specific action cups the palm. Many texts, for simplicity, use the term ""opposition"" to represent this component of true apposition. In order to truly appose the thumb, the"
"T1). The flexor pollicis brevis is a two-headed muscle. The superficial head arises on the flexor retinaculum, while the deep head originates on three carpal bones: the trapezium, trapezoid, and capitate. The muscle is inserted onto the radial sesamoid bone of the metacarpophalangeal joint. It acts to flex, adduct, and abduct the thumb, and is therefore also able to oppose the thumb. The superficial head is innervated by the median nerve, while the deep head is innervated by the ulnar nerve (C8-T1). Due to a common interconnection between the median and ulnar nerves in the hand (Riche-Cannieu interconnection), the median"
"Pollicization Pollicization (or pollicisation) is a hand surgery technique in which a thumb is created from an existing finger. Typically this consists of surgically migrating the index finger to the position of the thumb in patients who are either born without a functional thumb (most common) or in patients who have lost their thumb traumatically and are not amenable to other preferred methods of thumb reconstruction such as toe-to-hand transfers. During pollicization the index finger metacarpal bone is cut and the finger is rotated approximately 120 to 160 degrees and replaced at the base of the hand at the usual"
"Extensor pollicis longus muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis longus muscle (EPL) is a skeletal muscle located dorsally on the forearm. It is much larger than the extensor pollicis brevis, the origin of which it partly covers and acts to stretch the thumb together with this muscle. The extensor pollicis longus arises from the dorsal surface of the ulna and from the interosseous membrane, next to the origins of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis. Passing through the third tendon compartment, lying in a narrow, oblique groove on the back of the lower end of the radius, it"
"Thumb The thumb is the first digit of the hand. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare ""hallux"" for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical. The English word ""finger"" has two senses, even in the context of appendages of a single typical human hand: Linguistically, it appears that the original sense was the broader of these two: ""penkwe-ros"" (also rendered as ""penqrós"") was, in the inferred Proto-Indo-European language, a"
"the radial nerve (C7-C8). The extensor pollicis longus originates on the dorsal side of the ulna and the interosseous membrane. Passing through the third tendon compartment, it is inserted onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. It uses the dorsal tubercle on the lower extremity of the radius as a fulcrum to extend the thumb and also dorsiflexes and abducts the hand at the wrist. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-C8). The extensor pollicis brevis originates on the ulna distal to the abductor pollicis longus, from the interosseus membrane, and from"
"pollicis longus, it is attached to the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. It extends the thumb and, because of its close relationship to the long abductor, also abducts the thumb. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-T1). The tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis form what is known as the anatomical snuff box (an indentation on the lateral aspect of the thumb at its base) The radial artery can be palpated anteriorly at the wrist(not in the snuffbox). There are three thenar muscles: The abductor pollicis brevis (APB)"
"actions of a number of other muscles are needed at the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint. Note that the two opponens muscles (opponens pollicis and opponens digiti minimi) are named so because they oppose each other, but their actions appose (yes, with an 'a') the bones (bring them toward each other). Opponens pollicis muscle The opponens pollicis is a small, triangular muscle in the hand, which functions to oppose the thumb. It is one of the three thenar muscles, lying deep to the abductor pollicis brevis and lateral to the flexor pollicis brevis. The opponens pollicis originates from the flexor retinaculum of"
"Extensor pollicis brevis muscle In human anatomy, the extensor pollicis brevis is a skeletal muscle on the dorsal side of the forearm. It lies on the medial side of, and is closely connected with, the abductor pollicis longus. The extensor pollicis brevis arises from the ulna distal to the abductor pollicis longus, from the interosseous membrane, and from the dorsal surface of the radius. Its direction is similar to that of the abductor pollicis longus, its tendon passing the same groove on the lateral side of the lower end of the radius, to be inserted into the base of the"
"phalanges, surrounded by soft tissue. Human fingers normally have a nail at the distal phalanx. The phenomenon of polydactyly occurs when extra digits are present; the utility of such a mutation is case-dependent. Each finger has an orderly somatotopic representation on the cerebral cortex in the somatosensory cortex area 3b, part of area 1 and a distributed, overlapping representation in the supplementary motor area and primary motor area. The somatosensory cortex representation of the hand is a dynamic reflection of the fingers on the external hand: in syndactyly people have a clubhand of webbed, shortened fingers. However, not only are"
"side. Passing between the first dorsal interosseous and the oblique head of adductor pollicis, it is inserted on the base of the thumb's proximal phalanx together with adductor pollicis. This muscle, the so-called pollical palmar interosseous muscle (PPIM), is present in more than 80% of individuals and was first described by . Its presence has been verified by numerous anatomists since, but others have either failed to mention it or considered it part of either adductor pollicis or flexor pollicis brevis. However, the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis originates on the thumb's ulnar sesamoid bone and the oblique"
"Princeps pollicis artery The princeps pollicis artery, or principal artery of the thumb, arises from the radial artery just as it turns medially towards the deep part of the hand; it descends between the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the oblique head of the adductor pollicis, along the medial side of the first metacarpal bone to the base of the proximal phalanx, where it lies beneath the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus muscle and divides into two branches. These make their appearance between the medial and lateral insertions of the adductor pollicis, and run along the sides of the"
"the bones of the thumb. Because this stability is actively maintained by muscles rather than by articular constraints, most muscles attached to the thumb tend to be active during most thumb motions. A ventral forearm muscle, the flexor pollicis longus originates on the anterior side of the radius distal to the radial tuberosity and from the interosseous membrane. It passes through the carpal tunnel in a separate tendon sheath, after which it lies between the heads of the flexor pollicis brevis. It finally attaches onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. It is innervated by the anterior"
"the proximal interphalangeal joints and extending the distal interphalangeal joints. Contrahens The contrahentes (singular contrahens) are muscles widely present in the hands of mammals, including monkeys. They are on the palmar/plantar side. There is one each for digits I, II, IV and V, but not III. They pull the fingers/toes down and together. In humans, the adductor pollicis muscle in the hand and the adductor hallucis in the foot are well-developed remnants of the first contrahens, though they have lost the insertion on the distal phalanx of the thumb or big toe. The other contrahentes only appear as rare atavistic"
"position of the thumb. The arteries and veins are left attached. If nerves and tendons are available from the previous thumb these are attached to provide sensation and movement to the new thumb (""neopollex""). If the thumb is congenitally absent other tendons from the migrated index finger may be shortened and rerouted to provide good movement. The presence of an opposable thumb is considered important for manipulation of most objects in the physical world. Children born without thumbs often adapt to the condition very well with few limitations therefore the decision to proceed with pollicization lies with the child's parents"
"Contrahens The contrahentes (singular contrahens) are muscles widely present in the hands of mammals, including monkeys. They are on the palmar/plantar side. There is one each for digits I, II, IV and V, but not III. They pull the fingers/toes down and together. In humans, the adductor pollicis muscle in the hand and the adductor hallucis in the foot are well-developed remnants of the first contrahens, though they have lost the insertion on the distal phalanx of the thumb or big toe. The other contrahentes only appear as rare atavistic abnormalities. In other mammals, the contrahentes may have their origin"
"order to manipulate food and/or grasp prey. Thumb The thumb is the first digit of the hand. When a person is standing in the medical anatomical position (where the palm is facing to the front), the thumb is the outermost digit. The Medical Latin English noun for thumb is pollex (compare ""hallux"" for big toe), and the corresponding adjective for thumb is pollical. The English word ""finger"" has two senses, even in the context of appendages of a single typical human hand: Linguistically, it appears that the original sense was the broader of these two: ""penkwe-ros"" (also rendered as ""penqrós"")"
"the hand. Next, it is lifted away from the proximal phalanx by the A3 pulley. Last, a lip on the middle phalanx rolls into a recess on the plate. If the A3 pulley is not intact, the normal three phases of motion do not occur and instead the plate crumples. In the MCP joints, the four volar plates of the fingers and the capsules within which they lie are blended with and interconnected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament which ties the metacarpal heads together. Dorsal to this ligament on each side of the metacarpal heads are sagittal bands that"
"pollicis longus (FPL) originates on the anterior side of the radius distal to the radial tuberosity and from the interosseous membrane. It passes through the carpal tunnel in a separate tendon sheath, after which it lies between the heads of the flexor pollicis brevis. It finally attaches onto the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb. It is innervated by the anterior interosseus branch of the median nerve (C7-C8) It is a persistence of one of the former contrahentes muscles that pulled the fingers or toes together. Three dorsal forearm muscles act on the thumb: The abductor pollicis longus"
"Phalanx bone The phalanges (singular: ""phalanx"" ) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates. In primates, the thumbs and big toes have two phalanges while the other digits have three phalanges. The phalanges are classed as long bones. The phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers of the hand and the toes of the foot. There are 56 phalanges in the human body, with fourteen on each hand and foot. Three phalanges are present on each finger and toe, with the exception of the thumb and large toe, which possess only two. The middle"