"of Uttar Pradesh; Guru Parsuram Ramnami was a Chura of Chhattisgarh; and Maharishi Ram Naval was a Bhangi of Rajasthan. In their lifetimes, several of these saints even went to the extent of fighting conversion from foreign missionaries, encouraging only Hinduism within their communities. In Assam for example, tribals were led by Gurudev Kalicharan Bramha of the Brahmo Samaj; in Nagaland by Kacha Naga; and in Central India by Birsa Munda, Hanuman Oaron, Jatra Bhagat and Budhu Bhagat. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469–1539) was the founder of Sikhism. The Guru Granth Sahib was first compiled by the fifth Sikh guru,"
"into two main philosophical branches of astika, which venerates Veda (e.g., six orthodox schools of Hinduism) and nastika (e.g., Buddhism, Jainism, Charvaka, etc.). However, both branches shared the related concepts of Yoga, ""saṃsāra"" (the cycle of birth and death) and ""moksha"" (liberation from that cycle). The Puranic Period (200 BCE – 500 CE) and Early Medieval period (500–1100 CE) gave rise to new configurations of Hinduism, especially bhakti and Shaivism, Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Smarta and much smaller groups like the conservative Shrauta. The early Islamic period (1100–1500 CE) also gave rise to new movements. Sikhism was founded in the 15th century"
"introduced new forms of voluntary social giving such as ""Seva"" (service, for example to a temple or ""guru"" school or community construction), ""Dāna"" (charity), and community kitchens with free shared food. Of community kitchen concepts, the vegetarian Guru ka Langar introduced by Nanak became a well established institution over time, starting with northwest India, and expanding to everywhere Sikh communities are found. Other saints such as Dadu Dayal championed similar social movement, a community that believed in Ahimsa (non-violence) towards all living beings, social equality, and vegetarian kitchen, as well as mutual social service concepts. Bhakti temples and matha (Hindu"
"reformer, mystic, poet, traveller, and spiritual figure, who was born and lived in the city and employed in the tannery industry. Numerous eminent scholars and preachers visited the city from across India and south Asia. Guru Nanak visited Varanasi for Maha Shivaratri in 1507, a trip that played a large role in the founding of Sikhism. Varanasi experienced a ""Hindu"" cultural revival in the 16th century under the Muslim Mughal emperor Akbar, who invested in the city and built two large temples dedicated to Shiva and Vishnu. The Raja of Pune established the Annapurna Mandir, and the Akbari Bridge was"
"Kabir's ideas were one of the many influences on Guru Nanak, who went on to found Sikhism in the fifteenth century. Other Sikh scholars disagree, stating there are differences between the views and practices of Kabir and Nanak. Harpreet Singh, quoting Hew McLeod, states, ""In its earliest stage Sikhism was clearly a movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak was raised a Hindu and eventually belonged to the Sant tradition of northern India, a movement associated with the great poet and mystic Kabir."" Surjit Singh Gandhi disagrees, and writes ""Guru Nanak in his thought pattern as well as in action model"
"a small wooden comb. Initiated male and female Sikhs must cover their hair with a turban. Guru Nanak (1469–1539), founder of Sikhism, was born to Mehta Kalu and Mata Tripta, in the village of Talwandi, now called Nankana Sahib, near Lahore. Guru Nanak was a religious leader and social reformer. However, Sikh political history may be said to begin with the death of the fifth Sikh guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in 1606. Religious practices were formalised by Guru Gobind Singh on 30 March 1699. Gobind Singh initiated five people from a variety of social backgrounds, known as the ""Panj Piare"""
"was Rishabha, who lived long before Mahavira. Next to the Bahá'í Faith, Sikhism is the youngest of the world's major monotheistic religions. Sikhism was established in the 15th century in the state of Punjab in North India. Although born into a Hindu household in 1469 in the Punjab region, Guru Nanak challenged existing practices and is considered the founder of the new faith. The Guru loved to travel and observe concepts and ideas regarding spiritual practices of various faiths. At the heart of his message was a philosophy of universal love, devotion to God. By the time he had left"
"Mandars and Muslims would go to Sufi mosques, where often different religions and casts would not mix or eat with each other. The Sikhs created the Sikh Langar, by making it an institution for all regardless of background and making it available 24hrs a day to all. The Sikh Langar concept was an innovative charity and symbol of equality created by the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak around 1500 CE, as its aim was to bring all backgrounds regardless of religion, cast or creed together, which was quite different from the Hindu, Buddhist and Sufi forms, were food was given"
"guru added to and reinforced the message taught by the previous, resulting in the creation of the Sikh religion. Guru Nanak was the first guru and appointed a disciple as successor. Guru Gobind Singh was the final guru in human form. Before his death, Guru Gobind Singh decreed in 1708, that the Gurū Granth Sāhib would be the final and perpetual guru of the Sikhs. Guru Nanak stated that his Guru is God who is the same from the beginning of time to the end of time. Nanak claimed to be God's mouthpiece, God's slave and servant, but maintained that"
"in 1504 AD on the right bank of the Ravi River. The name ""Kartarpur"" means ""place of God"". Here all people, irrespective of their religion or caste, lived together, representing the first 'Sikh commune'. After his travels for about 20 years, Guru Nanak settled in Kartarpur along with his family. Following his death in 1539, Hindus and Muslims both claimed him as their own, and raised mausoleums in his memory with a common wall between them. The changing course of the Ravi River eventually washed away the mausoleums. But Guru Nanak's son saved the urn containing his ashes and reburied"
"hindus of the Indian subcontinent. The practice grew and is documented in the ""Jawahir al-Faridi"" compiled in 1623 CE. According to Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair, a professor of Sikh Studies, forms community kitchens were already operating in Punjab when Guru Nanak founded Sikhism, and these were run by Muslim Sufi orders and by Hindu Gorakhnath orders. The khanqas of the Chisti and other Sufi saints had langar open to visitors, though Hindus and others did not attend them. The issue with the Hindu and Sufi Muslim forms of Langar were that there was a certain division, as Hindus would go to"
"on the teachings of Guru Nanak and the nine successive Sikh Gurus in Northern India. The vast majority of its adherents originate in the Punjab region. With the colonial dominance of the British a reinterpretation and synthesis of Hinduism arose, which aided the Indian independence movement. James Mill (1773–1836), in his The History of British India (1817), distinguished three phases in the history of India, namely Hindu, Muslim and British civilisations. This periodisation has been criticised, for the misconceptions it has given rise to. Another periodisation is the division into ""ancient, classical, medieval and modern periods"", although this periodization has"
"by Nanak in the 15th century, during the bhakti movement period, and scholars call it a Bhakti sect of Indian traditions. The movement has traditionally been considered as an influential social reformation in Hinduism, and provided an individual-focused alternative path to spirituality regardless of one's birth caste or gender. Postmodern scholars question this traditional view and whether the Bhakti movement were ever a social reform or rebellion of any kind. They suggest Bhakti movement was a revival, reworking and recontextualization of ancient Vedic traditions. The ""Bhagavad Gita"", variously dated to have been composed in 5th to 2nd century BCE, introduces"
"Nirmala (sect) Nirmala (Punjabi: ਨਿਰਮਲੇ) is an Indian religious sect of ascetics who interpret the Sikh philosophy in Vedantic terms. They variously claim to have originated during the period of Guru Nanak (15th-16th century) or Guru Gobind Singh (17th century). The origin of the Nirmalas is uncertain: the sect is first mentioned in the Sikh literature towards the end of the 18th century. In the 19th century, some Nirmala scholars traced their origin to the period of the first Sikh Guru, Nanak, but some others traced their origin to the period of the last Sikh Guru, Gobind Singh. A popular"
"is no Hindu, there is no Muslim"". With this secular principle he began his missionary work. He made four distinct major journeys, in the four different directions, which are called Udasis, spanning many thousands of kilometres, preaching the message of God. Guru Nanak spent the final years of his life in Kartarpur where Langar free blessed food was available. The food would be partaken of by Hindus, rich, poor, both high and so-called low castes. Guru Nanak worked in the fields and earned his livelihood. After appointing Bhai Lehna as the new Sikh Guru, on 22 September 1539, aged 70,"
"modern era. Numerous monasteries and universities were also built during the Gupta dynasty era, which supported Vedic and non-Vedic studies, including the famed Nalanda. The first version of early Puranas, likely composed between 250 and 500 CE, show continuities with the Vedic religion, but also an expanded mythology of Vishnu, Shiva and Devi (goddess). The Puranas were living texts that were revised over time, and Lorenzen suggests these texts may reflect the beginnings of ""medieval Hinduism"". After the end of the Gupta Empire, power became decentralised in India. The disintegration of central power also led to regionalisation of religiosity, and"
"first in the form of Delhi Sultanate thereafter the Mughal Empire, and the subsequent persecution of Indian religions, Hindu scholars began a self-conscious attempts to define an identity and unity. Between the twelfth and the fourteen century, according to Andrew Nicholson, this effort emerged with a classification of astika and nastika systems of Indian philosophies. Certain thinkers, according to Nicholson thesis, began to retrospectively classify ancient thought into ""six systems"" (""saddarsana"") of mainstream Hindu philosophy. Other scholars, acknowledges Nicholson, present an alternate thesis. The scriptures such as the Vedas, Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita, texts such as Dharmasutras and Puranas, and"
"was built to commemorate the site where Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, settled after his missionary work. He assembled a Sikh community there, and lived for 18 years until his death in 1539. The gurdwara is built where Guru Nanak is said to have died. According to Lahore-based art historian Fakr Syed Aijazuddin, the shrine houses the last copies of the original Guru Granth Sahib. A Sikh pilgrim remarked, ""every step here reminds us of the Guru's life"". Indian Sikhs gather in large numbers on bluffs on the Indian side of the border to obtain ""darshan"", or sacred viewing,"
"was established in 1215 by Dharmadas from Adalaj. King Jayarajsing defeated Mahamad Khalji of Delhi. A warrior and farmer named Dharmadas and his five brothers and other relatives were a great help in defeating Khalji, so the king rewarded him with of land at the border of his kingdom. They were to protect the border and farm the land. They build seven homes and started living in the centre, and divided the land equally. Swaminarayan temple is situated at Nani Bhagol. This temple was built by Sadhu Balramdas whose guru Anandswami was one of the main saint of Swaminarayan and"
"included in the Bombay Presidency. On 1 May 1960, Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis and the Marathi dominant Nanded district became part of Maharashtra. Nanded is associated with some important Sikh gurus. For example, Guru Nanak (1469 1539 CE) passed through Nanded on his way to Sri Lanka. Guru Gobind Singh (1666 1708 CE) arrived in Nanded with the mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I (1643 1712 CE) near the end of August in 1707 CE. When Bahadur moved on to Golconda Singh remained in Nanded. Singh proclaimed he was the last (tenth) living guru and established the"
"ruling around Delhi region. For a short time in the late 16th century, Lahore was the capital of the empire. The architectural legacy of the Mughals includes the Lahore Fort, Wazir Khan Mosque, Shalimar Gardens, Tomb of Jahangir, Tomb of Nur Jahan, Akbari Sarai, Hiran Minar, Shah Jahan Mosque and the Badshahi Mosque. The Mughal Empire had a great impact on the culture, cuisine, and architecture of Pakistan. Guru Nanak, Sikhism's founder, was born into a Hindu Khatri family in the village of ""Rāi Bhōi dī Talwandī (""present day Nankana, near Sial in modern-day Pakistan). He was an influential religious"
"death in the Adi Granth. The Janamsakhis, stories on the life and legend of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), are early examples of Punjabi prose literature. Nanak himself composed Punjabi verse incorporating vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, and other Indic languages as characteristic of the Gurbani tradition. Sufi poetry developed under Shah Hussain (1538–1599), Sultan Bahu (1628–1691), Shah Sharaf (1640–1724), Ali Haider (1690–1785), and Bulleh Shah (1680–1757). In contrast to Persian poets who had preferred the ghazal for poetic expression, Punjabi Sufi poets tended to compose in the Kafi.[3]. Punjabi Sufi poetry also influenced other Punjabi literary traditions particularly the Punjabi Qissa,"
"Sikh gurus The Sikh gurus established Sikhism over the centuries, beginning in the year 1469. Guru Nanak was the first Guru, and subsequently, each Guru, in succession, was referred to as ""Nanak"", and as ""Light"". All the Gurus themselves also used the name ""Nanak"" while penning down their spiritual verses. There are a total of eleven Gurus: Ten human-form gurus and the eleventh, or current and everlasting Sikh Guru, is the integrated Sikh scripture known as the Guru Granth Sahib. The Tenth Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh, had bestowed the Guruship forevermore to the Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh Ji"
"was also known as ‘kalgiyan wale pathshah’. Sikh gurus The Sikh gurus established Sikhism over the centuries, beginning in the year 1469. Guru Nanak was the first Guru, and subsequently, each Guru, in succession, was referred to as ""Nanak"", and as ""Light"". All the Gurus themselves also used the name ""Nanak"" while penning down their spiritual verses. There are a total of eleven Gurus: Ten human-form gurus and the eleventh, or current and everlasting Sikh Guru, is the integrated Sikh scripture known as the Guru Granth Sahib. The Tenth Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh, had bestowed the Guruship forevermore to the"
"technology. Nanakmatta (also called, Gurdwara Sri Nanak Matta Sahib) is an important Sikh pilgrimage centre, located at Nanakmatta, where is also present the Nanakmatta Dam. It is situated about 17 km from Khatima and is on the Rudrapur - Tanakpur route. The gurudwara and the place get their name from Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first Sikh guru, who visited there in 1514 AD. Punjabi & Baniya community is a major community in Rudrapur . Punjabi & Baniya (caste) people came here during the partition of India at 1947. The City was founded by a Merchant and Farmer Late. Gurumukh"
"class, caste or religion (he accepted Muslims). Traditional scholarship holds that his disciples included later Bhakti movement ""poet-sants"" such as Kabir, Ravidas, Bhagat Pipa and others, however some postmodern scholars have questioned some of this spiritual lineage while others have supported this lineage with historical evidence. His ideas also influenced the founding of Sikhism in 15th century, and his teachings are included in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib. Adhyatma Ramayana is a key text of this ""matha"". Shaiva mathas were established at least from the 1st millennium onwards, in Kashmir, Himalayan regions such as Nepal and throughout the subcontinent"
"a religion that began in India in the mid-fifteenth century with the first Guru, known as Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539 C.E.). The essence of being a Sikh is that one lives one’s life according to the teachings of the Sikh Gurus, devoting time to meditating on God and the scriptures, chanting, and living life in a way that benefits other people and the world. Kaur’s teacher, Yogi Bhajan (1929-2004), was influential in helping promote the Sikh tradition in the West. Sikhism is based on the Shabad Guru. On Kaur's official website she explains, “Shabad is the sacred energy or"
"in the direction of. Guru Nanak's feet. The texts also claim Guru Nanak's body vanished after his death and left behind fragrant flowers, which Hindus and Muslims then divided, one to cremate and other to bury. The earliest Janamsakhi was written towards the end of 16th-century, decades after Nanak's death. All the Janamsakhis record miraculous acts and supernatural conversations. Many of them contradict each other on material points and some have obviously been touched up to advance the claims of one or the other branches of the Guru's family, or to exaggerate the roles of certain disciples. Macauliffe compares the"
"breathing exercises. It marks the development of asanas (plural) into the full body 'postures' now in popular usage and, along with its many modern variations, is the style that many people associate with the word ""yoga"" today. Various yogic groups had become prominent in Punjab in the 15th and 16th century, when Sikhism was in its nascent stage. Compositions of Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, describe many dialogues he had with Jogis, a Hindu community which practiced yoga. Guru Nanak rejected the austerities, rites and rituals connected with Hatha Yoga. He propounded the path of Sahaja yoga or Nama"
"to worshippers. Guru Nanak started the Sikh Langar as he came across divided people from different backgrounds who were in need of food, as a young boy. Where he decided in a act of grace and Charity to spend all of his saving, which his father had given to him to start a business. Describing it as sucha sauda, (the truest and highest of all business) to bring all together. In Sikhism, the practice of the ""langar"", or free kitchen, is believed to have been started by the first Sikh Guru, Guru Nanak. It was designed to uphold the principle"
"the Indian subcontinent, surviving in the Himalayan regions and south India. The early modern period saw the flourishing of Navya-Nyāya (the 'new reason') under philosophers such as Raghunatha Siromani (c. 1460–1540) who founded the tradition, Jayarama Pancanana, Mahadeva Punatamakara and Yashovijaya (who formulated a Jain response). The principal Indian philosophical schools are classified as either orthodox or heterodox – āstika or nāstika – depending on one of three alternate criteria: whether it believes the Vedas are a valid source of knowledge; whether the school believes in the premises of Brahman and Atman; and whether the school believes in afterlife and"
"established with grants from the rulers of Phulkian states, has the highest status among all Nirmala chapters. Other major Nirmala centres are located at Haridwar, Allahabad, Ujjain, Trimbak, Kurukshetra and Patna. Nirmala (sect) Nirmala (Punjabi: ਨਿਰਮਲੇ) is an Indian religious sect of ascetics who interpret the Sikh philosophy in Vedantic terms. They variously claim to have originated during the period of Guru Nanak (15th-16th century) or Guru Gobind Singh (17th century). The origin of the Nirmalas is uncertain: the sect is first mentioned in the Sikh literature towards the end of the 18th century. In the 19th century, some Nirmala"
"Alvars and Nayanars, that developed around the gods Vishnu (Vaishnavism), Brahma (Brahmanism), Shiva (Shaivism) and Devi (Shaktism) in the second half of the 1st millennium CE. It grew rapidly in India after the 12th century in the various Hindu traditions, possibly in response to the arrival of Islam in India. Bhakti ideas have inspired many popular texts and saint-poets in India. The ""Bhagavata Purana"", for example, is a Krishna-related text associated with the Bhakti movement in Hinduism. Bhakti is also found in other religions practiced in India, and it has influenced interactions between Christianity and Hinduism in the modern era."