"under current U.S. copyright law it will be copyrighted there only through 31 December 2022 due to the rule of the shorter term as implemented in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act; the U.S. copyright limit for films of its age is 95 years from publication per the Copyright Term Extension Act. Informational notes Citations Bibliography Metropolis (1927 film) Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction drama film directed by Fritz Lang. Written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang, it stars Gustav Fröhlich, Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge and Brigitte Helm. Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studios for"
"C-3PO C-3PO () or See-Threepio is a humanoid robot character from the ""Star Wars"" franchise who appears in the original trilogy, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy. Built by Anakin Skywalker, C-3PO was designed as a protocol droid intended to assist in etiquette, customs, and translation, boasting that he is ""fluent in over six million forms of communication"". Along with his astromech droid counterpart and friend R2-D2, C-3PO provides comic relief within the narrative structure of the films, and serves as a foil. Anthony Daniels has portrayed the character in ten of eleven ""Star Wars"" cinematic films released to"
"is of the climactic scene where the appearance of Maria is being installed onto the robot and rings of light are circling around the robot's body. Heavy metal band Y&T's 1985 album ""Down for the Count"" has a cover illustration depicting the robot being held by Count Dracula as he prepares to sink his fangs into her neck. German band Kraftwerk's 1978 album ""Die Mensch-Maschine"" is a clear reference to the film and has a track titled ""Metropolis."" Original designs by Ralph McQuarrie for C-3PO in ""Star Wars"" were largely based on the Maschinenmensch, albeit in a male version. The"
"voice of a dispatcher. Contrary to popular belief George Lucas called upon Freberg, not Mel Blanc, to audition for the voice of the character C-3PO for the 1977 film ""Star Wars"". After he and many others auditioned for the part, Freberg suggested that Lucas use mime actor Anthony Daniels' voice. Freberg began making satirical recordings for Capitol Records, beginning with the February 10, 1951, release of ""John and Marsha"", a soap opera parody that consisted of the title characters (both played by Freberg) doing nothing but repeating each other's names (with intonations to match the moods). Some radio stations refused"
"are ""The Lonely"" episode of the TV series ""The Twilight Zone"", first aired on 15 November 1959, and the sci-fi radio program ""X Minus One"". Westinghouse Electric Corporation built Televox in 1926; it was a cardboard cutout connected to various devices which users could turn on and off. In 1927, Fritz Lang's Metropolis was released; the Maschinenmensch (""machine-human""), a gynoid humanoid robot, also called ""Parody"", ""Futura"", ""Robotrix"", or the ""Maria impersonator"" (played by German actress Brigitte Helm), was the first robot ever to be depicted on film. The most famous Japanese robotic automata was presented to the public in 1927."
"Rotwang C. A. Rotwang is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's 1927 science fiction film ""Metropolis"", as well as screenwriter Thea von Harbou's original novel ""Metropolis"". In the film, Rotwang was played by Rudolf Klein-Rogge. Rotwang is a brilliant scientist and inventor, whose greatest achievement is the creation of a robot made in the form of a woman (the ""Maschinenmensch"", or Machine-Person). Originally, he intends to make a replacement for his lost love, Hel. Hel was a beautiful woman who eventually chose Joh Fredersen, master of the city and Rotwang's rival, instead of him. She later died while giving birth"
"the earliest examples of stop-motion animation, and also introduced several now-famous science fiction concepts, like monsters, dinosaurs, and hidden worlds. Meanwhile, in Europe, the 1920s displayed a distinct difference from American cinema. European film-makers began to use the genre for prediction and social commentary. In Russia, the film ""Aelita"" discussed social revolution in the context of a voyage to Mars. In Germany, one of the most important pioneers of science fiction was the Expressionist Fritz Lang. His 1927 film ""Metropolis"" was the most expensive film ever released up to that point. Set in the year 2026, it included elements such"
"Maschinenmensch The Maschinenmensch (German for ""robot"" or literally ""machine-person"") is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's film ""Metropolis"", played by German actress Brigitte Helm in both its robot form and human incarnation. She is a gynoid (female robot or android) created by the scientist Rotwang. Named Maria in the film, and ""Futura"" in Thea von Harbou's original novel ""Metropolis"", she was one of the first robots ever depicted in cinema. The ""Maschinenmensch"" has been given several names through the decades: Parody, Ultima, Machina, Futura, Robotrix, False Maria, Robot Maria, Roboria and Hel. The intertitles of the 2010 restoration of ""Metropolis"""
"he is an unethical roboticist who defects from the Plus Ultra organization and joins the Nazis to further his research into achieving immortality through robotics. In the first series of Hergès Jo, Zette and Jocko adventures: ""The Secret Ray"", an unnamed scientist unsuccessfully experiments with transferring a human soul into a robots body. Rotwang C. A. Rotwang is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's 1927 science fiction film ""Metropolis"", as well as screenwriter Thea von Harbou's original novel ""Metropolis"". In the film, Rotwang was played by Rudolf Klein-Rogge. Rotwang is a brilliant scientist and inventor, whose greatest achievement is the"
"April 2014, most of the licensed ""Star Wars"" novels and comics produced since the originating 1977 film ""Star Wars"" were rebranded by Lucasfilm as ""Star Wars Legends"" and declared non-canon to the franchise. Before the release of ""The Phantom Menace"" and the revelation that C-3PO was constructed by a young Anakin Skywalker, the canon account of C-3PO's creation placed his construction on the planet Affa 112 years before ""A New Hope"". This older version of his creation originated with George Lucas, and both versions were harmonized from the outset: in 1977, Lucas provided a guide for early Expanded Universe creators,"
"to Berkey's painting. A number of other ""Star Wars"" spacecraft, such as Star Destroyers, may also have been influenced by Berkey's designs of naval-style ships with smooth hulls and conning towers bristling with antennae. Berkey was commissioned by Lucasfilm and 20th Century Fox in 1976 to provide some of the first poster art for ""Star Wars"". Among this work was a painting which depicted the character Luke Skywalker brandishing a lightsaber, flanked by Princess Leia Organa the robots C-3PO and R2-D2, and a number of Imperial stormtroopers; in the background is a large figure of Darth Vader looming behind them,"
"London. Oddly enough, almost all versions are silver rather than the original golden-bronze colour. Maschinenmensch The Maschinenmensch (German for ""robot"" or literally ""machine-person"") is a fictional character in Fritz Lang's film ""Metropolis"", played by German actress Brigitte Helm in both its robot form and human incarnation. She is a gynoid (female robot or android) created by the scientist Rotwang. Named Maria in the film, and ""Futura"" in Thea von Harbou's original novel ""Metropolis"", she was one of the first robots ever depicted in cinema. The ""Maschinenmensch"" has been given several names through the decades: Parody, Ultima, Machina, Futura, Robotrix, False"
"""Star Wars"" droid by being able to climb ladders and carry hoses. Also similar to C-3PO, it can respond to human gestures, but at a much more basic level, unlike the ""Star Wars"" droid. Citations Bibliography C-3PO C-3PO () or See-Threepio is a humanoid robot character from the ""Star Wars"" franchise who appears in the original trilogy, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy. Built by Anakin Skywalker, C-3PO was designed as a protocol droid intended to assist in etiquette, customs, and translation, boasting that he is ""fluent in over six million forms of communication"". Along with his astromech droid"
"date, including """" and the animated """". C-3PO and R2-D2 are the only characters to appear in all of the films except """". Despite his oblivious nature, C-3PO has played a pivotal role in the Galaxy's history, appearing under the service of Shmi Skywalker, the Lars homestead, Padmé Amidala, Raymus Antilles, Luke Skywalker, and Leia Organa. In the majority of depictions, C-3PO's physical appearance is primarily a polished gold plating, although his appearance varies throughout the films; including the absence of metal coverings in , a dull copper plating in """", a silver lower right leg introduced in ""A New"
"Wars Special: """". The cover photo of the August 2015 issue of ""GQ"" featured comedian Amy Schumer wearing a replica of Princess Leia's bikini and sucking one of C-3PO's fingers. Lucasfilm and Disney objected to this image and released a public statement that it was unauthorized. Nicolas Ghesquière, creative director of Louis Vuitton, and Rodarte have created fashion designs inspired by C-3PO. The United States Navy built a robot in 2012 called the Autonomous Shipboard Humanoid which they claim was modeled on C-3PO. The robot was built for the purpose of extinguishing fires, but has similar movement abilities to the"
"comedic, gold, humanoid companion, Starwars C-3PO, plays Dr. Tenma's domestic robot performing various tasks such as housekeeping and tutoring to Dr. Tenma's son, Toby. A vignette, shown at the end of the final episode of Syfy's failed 2010 ""Battlestar Galactica"" prequel TV series ""Caprica"", features early models of Cylons serving as domestic and industrial robotic assistants for the human inhabitants of the Twelve Colonies of Kobol, some five years prior to the revolt that precipitated the First Cylon War. In the 2008 film Wall-E humans use sentient robots as trash compactors to clean up the mess they left behind on"
"crop of ""space wheat"". Taking a break from his work, George goes on to encounter classmates and teachers who resemble and will influence the eventual creation of, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Darth Vader, Han Solo, Chewbacca, Jabba the Hutt, R2-D2, and C-3PO. Lucas is surrounded by inspiration, but he sees nothing. Even his wise advisor, who suspiciously looks and speaks like Yoda, is unable to help him. Eventually, young Lucas meets his muse, a young woman (with a very unusual hairdo) named Marion who is ""kind of leading a student rebellion"". After they meet, everything falls into place for Lucas, as she"
"well. In ""Heir to the Empire"", Lando reprograms C-3PO to sound like Leia in order to hide from Imperials on Nkllon; but the Empire, led by Grand Admiral Thrawn, sees through the deception. C-3PO also accompanies Han, Lando, R2-D2, Luke, Chewbacca, and Mara Jade to Wayland on a mission to destroy the Mount Tantiss storehouse. Thanks to C-3PO and some Noghri, the party recruits aid from the local population and destroys the storehouse. In ""Dark Apprentice"", the Solo twins escape from Chewbacca's and C-3PO's watch during a trip to a zoo on Coruscant and arrive in the planet's sub-levels. C-3PO"
"series, ""to get the series underway, Lucasfilm Animation has hired key production and creative talent to lead the development of its first animation project."" Sansweet has said that ""a large component of the future of ""Star Wars"" and Lucasfilm is CGI animation."" Lucasfilm Ltd. and Lucasfilm Animation used Autodesk software to animate both the film and the series. The Maya 3D modeling program was used to create the highly detailed worlds, characters and creatures. Animators also reviewed designs from the when creating the animation style for the film and the new series. Anthony Daniels, who portrayed C-3PO in all seven"
"the 1970s, the Computer Graphics Lab was starting to struggle for several reasons and felt there was a lack of actual progress despite the technological development, but their efforts had attracted the attention of George Lucas at Lucasfilm and Francis Ford Coppola, who were big names in Hollywood. Lucas approached Catmull in 1979 and asked him to head up a group to bring computer graphics, video editing, and digital audio into the entertainment field. Lucas had already made a deal with a computer company called Triple-I, and asked them to create a digital model of an X-wing fighter from Star"
"crawl"". The Rob Zombie song ""Meet the Creeper"" is based on this movie. Zombie has used robots and props based on the design of The Robot in several music videos and live shows. The character Murray The Robot in Zombie's animated movie ""The Haunted World of El Superbeasto"" is also based on The Robot. The Robot also appears on the album cover for the single ""Dragula"". The Phantom Creeps The Phantom Creeps is a 1939 serial starring Bela Lugosi as a mad scientist who attempts to rule the world by creating various elaborate inventions. In a dramatic fashion, foreign agents"
"version at Disneyland Paris, Daniels re-recorded C-3PO's dialogue in French. C-3PO ends up in the pilot's seat of the Starspeeder 1000 in the attraction's successor, ""Star Tours–The Adventures Continue"", and as a central character in the animated special ""Star Wars: The Padawan Menace"". In these appearances, he is also played by Anthony Daniels. Daniels made several appearances as C-3PO on numerous TV shows and commercials, notably on a ""Star Wars""-themed episode of ""The Donny and Marie Show"" in 1977, ""Disneyland's 35th Anniversary"" and a ""Star Wars""-themed episode of ""The Muppet Show"" in 1980. He also has a role as the"
"seen in films such as """" or Marcel Lherbier's ""L'Inhumaine"". In a once-missing part of the film, Rotwang explicitly instructs the robot to pervert Fredersen's orders and help bring down his worst enemy, which helps explain her destructive behaviour. Different incomplete restorations of the film made since the original offered different explanations of the robot's behaviour (one, for example, saying that Rotwang has in fact lost control of the robot and it is not under anyone's control), or no explanation at all. The 2010 restoration, complete for all practical purposes, depicts Rotwang deliberately instructing the robot Maria, thus finally clarifying"
"to General Makabe. Lucas and artist Ralph McQuarrie also drew inspiration from the robots Huey, Dewey, and Louie from Douglas Trumbull's 1972 film ""Silent Running"". The name derives from when Lucas was making one of his earlier films, ""American Graffiti"". Sound editor Walter Murch states that he is responsible for the utterance which sparked the name for the droid. Murch asked for Reel 2, Dialog Track 2, in the abbreviated form ""R-2-D-2"". Lucas, who was in the room and had dozed off while working on the script for ""Star Wars"", momentarily woke when he heard the request and, after asking"
"actress Mary Johnson in 1932, to whom he remained married until his death in 1955. Rudolf Klein-Rogge Friedrich Rudolf Klein-Rogge (24 November 1885 – 29 May 1955) was a German film actor. Klein-Rogge is known for playing sinister figures in films in the 1920s and 1930s as well as being a main-stay in director Fritz Lang's Weimar-era films. He is probably best known in popular culture, particularly to English-speaking audiences, for playing the archetypal mad scientist role of C. A. Rotwang in Lang's ""Metropolis"" and as the criminal genius Doctor Mabuse. Klein-Rogge was born in Cologne, Germany. He began taking"
"C-3PO pursues a mysterious person who has abducted R2-D2 which is later revealed to be Lando Calrissian. However, 3PO, R2 and Chewbacca (who was enlisted by 3PO to help find R2) are captured by General Veers and a few surviving Stormtroopers but the trio manage to escape with the help of Admiral Ackbar and return to Endor to celebrate with their friends. ""Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales"" premiered on August 21, 2015 on Disney XD in Australia and New Zealand. The whole series was released on DVD, titled ""Lego Star Wars: Droid Tales"", on March 1, 2016 by Walt Disney"
"sizes can be found assisting the humans with several tasks. C-3PO is a robot designed to assist humans in translation, and etiquette. Many cartoons feature robot maids, notably Rosie the Robot from ""The Jetsons"". Maid Robots are especially prominent in anime (in Japanese, they are called Meido Robo, Meido Roboto or meido robot), and their artificial intelligence ranges from rudimentary to fully sentient and emotional, while their appearance ranges from obviously mechanical to human-like. The 2009 adaptation of Astro Boy, based on creator Osamu Tezuka's Japanese anime Tetsuwan Atomu, showcases robots with various domestic functions. Orrin, with resemblance to the"
"German fighters. Clips from both films were included in Lucas's temporary dogfight footage version of the sequence. The opening shot of ""Star Wars"", in which a detailed spaceship fills the screen overhead, is a reference to the scene introducing the interplanetary spacecraft ""Discovery One"" in Stanley Kubrick's seminal 1968 film """". The earlier big-budget science fiction film influenced the look of ""Star Wars"" in many other ways, including the use of EVA pods and hexagonal corridors. The Death Star has a docking bay reminiscent of the one on the orbiting space station in ""2001"". Although golden and male, C-3PO was"
"married until his death. Impressed with his work, director and filmmaker George Lucas met with him to discuss his plans for a space-fantasy film. Several years later, in 1975, Lucas commissioned McQuarrie to illustrate several scenes from the script of the film, ""Star Wars"". McQuarrie designed many of the film's characters, including Darth Vader, Chewbacca, R2-D2 and C-3PO and drew many concepts for the film's sets. McQuarrie's concept paintings were instrumental in helping Lucas to win approval from 20th Century Fox; armed with vivid illustrations of his planned movie, Lucas was able to convince Fox executives to take a gamble"
"Wars Weekends as he gave his ""inside the saga"" story. Daniels is an adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Entertainment Technology Center. Anthony Daniels Anthony Daniels (born 21 February 1946) is an English actor and mime artist. He is best known for playing C-3PO in the ""Star Wars"" film series. He is the only actor to have appeared in all of the major films in the series, as well as its many spin-offs (TV shows, video games, etc.). Daniels was the voice of Legolas in the Ralph Bakshi animated adaptation of ""The Lord of the Rings"" (1978). He has appeared"
"aware of this; he assumed the word already existed by analogy with ""mechanics,"" ""hydraulics,"" and other similar terms denoting branches of applied knowledge. Robots appear in many films. Most of the robots in cinema are fictional. Two of the most famous are R2-D2 and C-3PO from the ""Star Wars"" franchise. The concept of humanoid sex robots has elicited both public attention and concern. Opponents of the concept have stated that the development of sex robots would be morally wrong. They argue that the introduction of such devices would be socially harmful, and demeaning to women and children. Fears and concerns"
"1913's ""O.H.M.S."", standing for 'Our Helpless Millions Saved' as well as On His Majesty's Service (and introducing for the first time a strong female character who helps the hero). In 1928, Fritz Lang made the film ""Spies"" which contained many tropes that became popular in later spy dramas, including secret headquarters, an agent known by a number, and the beautiful foreign agent who comes to love the hero. Lang's Dr. Mabuse films from the period also contain elements of spy thrillers, though the central character is a criminal mastermind only interested in espionage for profit. Additionally, several of Lang's American"
"fiction references is the gag in which C-3PO from ""Star Wars"" appears in the ship and Cassie asks who he is. Every episode starts with a brief explanation of the basic running plot and features a sequence showing Cassie's father being taken away. This is followed by a short sequence showing Marion being uncovered from a 'tough' armoured outfit and standing on stilts. The next sequence features the screen divided into four quarters, each showing several different scenes from episodes. The credits culminate in Marion uttering a fierce growl. The closing credits show an image of stars in space. The"