"Sodium polyacrylate Sodium polyacrylate, also known as waterlock, is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid with the chemical formula [−CH−CH(CONa)−] and broad application in consumer products. This superabsorbent polymer has the ability to absorb as much as 100 to 1000 times its mass in water. Sodium polyacrylate is an anionic polyelectrolyte with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain. While sodium neutralized polyacrylic acids are the most common form used in industry, there are also other salts available including potassium, lithium and ammonium. The origins of superabsorbent polymer chemistry trace back to the early 1960s when the U.S. Department"
"by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols, and is an abbreviation of the element's New Latin name ""natrium"", which refers to the Egyptian ""natron"", a natural mineral salt mainly consisting of hydrated sodium carbonate. Natron historically had several important industrial and household uses, later eclipsed by other sodium compounds. Sodium imparts an intense yellow color to flames. As early as 1860, Kirchhoff and Bunsen noted the high sensitivity of a sodium flame test, and stated in Annalen der Physik und Chemie: In a corner of our 60 m room farthest away from the apparatus, we exploded 3"
"sodium carbonate decahydrate (hydrated soda ash) that makes up most of the historical salt. The English and German word ""natron"" is a French cognate derived from the Spanish ""natrón"" through Latin ""natrium"" and Greek νίτρον ""nitron"". This derives from the Ancient Egyptian word ""nṯry"" 'natron'. ""Natron"" refers to Wadi El Natrun or Natron Valley in Egypt, from which natron was mined by the ancient Egyptians for use in burial rites. The modern chemical symbol for sodium, Na, is an abbreviation of that element's New Latin name ""natrium"", which was derived from ""natron"". Historical natron was harvested directly as a salt"
"Sodium nitride Sodium nitride (NaN) is the inorganic compound with the formula NaN. In contrast to lithium nitride and some other nitrides, sodium nitride is an extremely unstable alkali metal nitride. It can be generated by combining atomic beams of sodium and nitrogen deposited onto a low-temperature sapphire substrate. It readily decomposes into its elements: Sodium nitride can be synthesized in two different ways: by the thermal decomposition of NaNH or by the direct reaction of the elements. The most common way to successfully synthesize sodium nitride has been done by Dieter Fischer & Martin Jansen and Grigori Vajenine using"
"and NaPb are some of the known sodium-lead alloys. Sodium also forms alloys with gold (NaAu) and silver (NaAg). Group 12 metals (zinc, cadmium and mercury) are known to make alloys with sodium. NaZn and NaCd are alloys of zinc and cadmium. Sodium and mercury form NaHg, NaHg, NaHg, NaHg, and NaHg. Because of its importance in human metabolism, salt has long been an important commodity, as shown by the English word ""salary"", which derives from ""salarium"", the wafers of salt sometimes given to Roman soldiers along with their other wages. In medieval Europe, a compound of sodium with the"
"+ H2(g)') => #<Eulim::Chemistry::Reaction:0x00000002ce22f8 @equation=""2Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) » 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)"", @species={:reactants=>{""Na""=>{:compound=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Compound:0x00000002ce1d80 @formula=""Na"", @constituents={""Na""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c88e10 @name=""Sodium"", @symbol=""Na"", @atomic_number=11, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=22.9897 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}}, @molecular_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=22.9897 unit=u», :stoichiometry=>2, :state=>""solid""}, ""HCl""=>{:compound=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Compound:0x00000002cabdc0 @formula=""HCl"", @constituents={""H""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x000000025e5ab8 @name=""Hydrogen"", @symbol=""H"", @atomic_number=1, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=1.0079 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}, ""Cl""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c82c90 @name=""Chlorine"", @symbol=""Cl"", @atomic_number=17, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=35.453 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}}, @molecular_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=36.4609 unit=u», :stoichiometry=>2, :state=>""aqueous""}}, :products=>{""NaCl""=>{:compound=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Compound:0x00000002c8cda8 @formula=""NaCl"", @constituents={""Na""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c88e10 @name=""Sodium"", @symbol=""Na"", @atomic_number=11, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=22.9897 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}, ""Cl""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x00000002c82c90 @name=""Chlorine"", @symbol=""Cl"", @atomic_number=17, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=35.453 unit=u», :atom_count=>1}}, @molecular_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=58.4427 unit=u», :stoichiometry=>2, :state=>""aqueous""},""H2""=>{:compound=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Compound:0x00000002c6f938 @formula=""H2"", @constituents={""H""=>{:element=>#<Eulim::Chemistry::Element:0x000000025e5ab8 @name=""Hydrogen"", @symbol=""H"", @atomic_number=1, @atomic_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=1.0079 unit=u», :atom_count=>2}}, @molecular_mass=#<Unitwise::Measurement value=2.0158 unit=u», :stoichiometry=>1, :state=>""gaseous""}}}, @is_valid=true, @is_balanced=true> Eulim Eulim is a Chemistry library written in Ruby under the MIT"
"Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO. This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Chile saltpeter (because large deposits of this salt can be found in Chile) to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate. The mineral form is also known as nitratine, nitratite or soda niter. Sodium nitrate is a white solid very soluble in water. It is a readily available source of the nitrate anion (NO), which is useful in several reactions carried out on industrial scales for the production of fertilizers, pyrotechnics and smoke bombs, glass and pottery enamels, food"
"Sodium-potassium alloy Sodium-potassium alloy, colloquially called NaK (commonly pronounced ), is an alloy of two alkali metals, sodium (Na, atomic number 11) and potassium (K, atomic number 19), and which is usually liquid at room temperature. Various commercial grades are available. NaK is highly reactive with water (like its constituent elements) and may catch fire when exposed to air, so must be handled with special precautions. NaK containing 40% to 90% potassium by weight is liquid at room temperature. The eutectic mixture consists of 77% potassium and 23% sodium, is liquid from , and has a density of 866 kg/m"
"Sodium aluminium sulfate Sodium aluminium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaAl(SO)·12HO (sometimes written NaSO·Al(SO)·24HO). Also known as soda alum, sodium alum, or SAS, this white solid is used in the manufacture of baking powder and as a food additive. Like its potassium analog, sodium aluminum sulfate crystallizes as the dodecahydrate in the classical cubic alum structure. Sodium alum is very soluble in water, and is extremely difficult to purify. In the preparation of this salt, it is preferable to mix the component solutions in the cold, and to evaporate them at a temperature not exceeding 60"
"Sodium peroxide Sodium peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaO. This yellowish solid is the product of sodium ignited in excess oxygen. It is a strong base. This metal peroxide exists in several hydrates and peroxyhydrates including NaO·2HO·4HO, NaO·2HO, NaO·2HO, and NaO·8HO. The octahydrate, which is simple to prepare, is white, in contrast to the anhydrous material. Sodium peroxide crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry. Upon heating, the hexagonal form undergoes a transition into a phase of unknown symmetry at 512 °C. With further heating above the 675 °C melting point, the compound decomposes to NaO, releasing O. The octahydrate"
"→ 2NaCO + O Sodium peroxide Sodium peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaO. This yellowish solid is the product of sodium ignited in excess oxygen. It is a strong base. This metal peroxide exists in several hydrates and peroxyhydrates including NaO·2HO·4HO, NaO·2HO, NaO·2HO, and NaO·8HO. The octahydrate, which is simple to prepare, is white, in contrast to the anhydrous material. Sodium peroxide crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry. Upon heating, the hexagonal form undergoes a transition into a phase of unknown symmetry at 512 °C. With further heating above the 675 °C melting point, the compound decomposes to NaO,"
"name is disodioarsanylsodium. Sodium arsenide Sodium arsenide, also known as Trisodium arsenide is the inorganic compound of sodium and arsenic with the formula NaAs. It is a dark colored solid that degrades upon contact with water or air. It is prepared by the reaction of the elements at 200–400 °C. The compound is mainly of interest as exhibiting an archetypal structure. The normal pressure ""sodium arsenide"" phase is adopted by many alkali metal pnictides. At 3.6 gigapascals, NaAs adopts the LiBi structure, which is another archetypal structure.Sodium Arsenide is a crystalline solid used as a semiconductor and in photo optic"
"Sodium sesquicarbonate Sodium sesquicarbonate (Systematic name trisodium hydrogendicarbonate) NaH(CO) is a double salt of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate, and has a needle-like crystal structure. However, the term is also applied to an equimolar mixture of those two salts, with whatever water of hydration the sodium carbonate includes, supplied as a powder. The dihydrate, NaH(CO)·2HO, occurs in nature as the evaporite mineral trona. Due to concerns about the toxicity of borax which was withdrawn as a cleaning and laundry product, sodium sesquicarbonate is sold in the European Union (EU) as ""Borax Substitute"". It is also known as one of the"
"and the group 11 and 12 elements. Sodium and potassium form KNa and NaK. NaK is 40–90% potassium and it is liquid at ambient temperature. It is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor. Sodium-calcium alloys are by-products of the electrolytic production of sodium from a binary salt mixture of NaCl-CaCl and ternary mixture NaCl-CaCl-BaCl. Calcium is only partially miscible with sodium. In a liquid state, sodium is completely miscible with lead. There are several methods to make sodium-lead alloys. One is to melt them together and another is to deposit sodium electrolytically on molten lead cathodes. NaPb, NaPb, NaPb, NaPb,"
"Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula NaSO as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping. The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670), who discovered it in 1625 in Austrian spring water. He"
"Sodium phosphide Sodium phosphide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaP. It is a black solid. It is often described as Na salt of the P anion. NaP is a source of the highly reactive phosphide anion. It should not be confused with sodium phosphate, NaPO. In addition to NaP, five other binary compositions of sodium and phosphorus are known: NaP, NaP, NaP, NaP, and NaP. The compound crystallizes in a hexagonal motif, often called the sodium arsenide structure. Like KP, solid NaP features pentacoordinate P centers. The first preparation of NaP was first reported in the mid-19th century."
"Sodium superoxide Sodium superoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaO. This yellow-orange solid is a salt of the superoxide anion. It is an intermediate in the oxidation of sodium by oxygen. NaO is prepared by treating sodium peroxide with oxygen at high pressures: It can also be prepared by careful oxygenation of a solution of sodium in ammonia: It is also produced, along with sodium peroxide, when sodium is stored under inappropriate conditions (e.g. in dirty or partially halogenated solvents). The product is paramagnetic, as expected for a salt of the anion. It hydrolyses readily to give a"
"Sodium amide Sodium amide, commonly called sodamide (systematic name sodium azanide), is the inorganic compound with the formula NaNH. It is a salt composed of the sodium cation and the azanide anion. This solid, which is dangerously reactive toward water, is white, but commercial samples are typically gray due to the presence of small quantities of metallic iron from the manufacturing process. Such impurities do not usually affect the utility of the reagent. NaNH conducts electricity in the fused state, its conductance being similar to that of NaOH in a similar state. NaNH has been widely employed as a strong"
"In this continuous process, a distillation column is fed with potassium chloride and sodium. In the reaction zone, potassium chloride reacts with sodium to form sodium chloride and potassium. The lighter-boiling potassium is enriched in an upper fractionating zone and drawn at the column head while molten sodium chloride is withdrawn from the bottom. Sodium-potassium alloy Sodium-potassium alloy, colloquially called NaK (commonly pronounced ), is an alloy of two alkali metals, sodium (Na, atomic number 11) and potassium (K, atomic number 19), and which is usually liquid at room temperature. Various commercial grades are available. NaK is highly reactive with"
"Vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, ductile, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer (passivation) somewhat stabilizes the free metal against further oxidation. Andrés Manuel del Río discovered compounds of vanadium in 1801 in Mexico by analyzing a new lead-bearing mineral he called ""brown lead"", and presumed its qualities were due to the presence of a new element, which he named ""erythronium"" (derived from Greek for ""red"") since, upon heating, most of the salts"
"sodium acetate, and EtOAc for ethyl acetate. The pseudoelement symbol ""Ac"" is also sometimes encountered in chemical formulas as indicating the entire acetate ion (CHCO), or the acetyl group (CHCO). It is not to be confused with the symbol of actinium, the first element of the actinide series; context guides disambiguation. For example, the formula for sodium acetate might be abbreviated as ""NaAc"", rather than ""NaCHO"". Care should also be taken to avoid confusion with peracetic acid when using the OAc abbreviation; for clarity and to avoid errors when translated, HOAc should be avoided in literature mentioning both compounds. Although"
"not limited, and no Risk Phrase or Safety Phrase applies. Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate (also known as sodium sulphate or sulfate of soda) is the inorganic compound with formula NaSO as well as several related hydrates. All forms are white solids that are highly soluble in water. With an annual production of 6 million tonnes, the decahydrate is a major commodity chemical product. It is mainly used for the manufacture of detergents and in the kraft process of paper pulping. The decahydrate of sodium sulfate is known as Glauber's salt after the Dutch/German chemist and apothecary Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604–1670),"
"NaAt, KAt, RbAt, CsAt, FeAt, FeAt, PbAt, HAt, CuAt BaBr, BaCO, BaCl, Ba(ClO), BaCuO, Ba(OH), BaF, BaI, Ba(NO), BaO, BaO, BaSO, BaS, BaTiO, YBaCuO or YBCO BkBr, Bk(CO), BkCl, BkF, BkI, Bk(NO), BkO, BkPO, Bk(SO), BkS BeBr, BeCO, BeCl, BeF, BeH, Be(OH), BeI, Be(NO), BeN, BeO, BeSO, BeSO, Be(BH), BeTe BiCl, BiF, Bi(NO).5HO, BiO, BiTe, BiOCl, BiSrCaCuO, (BiO)CO, BiO(OH)(NO), Bi(OSOCF), Bh, add Bohrium compounds here NHBF, CHB, BH.THF, NaBO·10HO, BNH, HBO, BC, BN, BO, BO, BBr, BCl, BF, HCBH, BH, BH, LaB, LiBO, LiBH, LiBF, Li(""sec""-CH)BH, LiBH(CH), NaBH, NaBF, NaBHCN, NaB(CH), BH, HBF, TiB, B(OCH), (CHBO), WB AlBr, NHBr, BBr,"
"mixture of sodium hydroxide, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. It crystallizes in the NaCl motif. Sodium superoxide Sodium superoxide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaO. This yellow-orange solid is a salt of the superoxide anion. It is an intermediate in the oxidation of sodium by oxygen. NaO is prepared by treating sodium peroxide with oxygen at high pressures: It can also be prepared by careful oxygenation of a solution of sodium in ammonia: It is also produced, along with sodium peroxide, when sodium is stored under inappropriate conditions (e.g. in dirty or partially halogenated solvents). The product is paramagnetic,"
"Sodium arsenide Sodium arsenide, also known as Trisodium arsenide is the inorganic compound of sodium and arsenic with the formula NaAs. It is a dark colored solid that degrades upon contact with water or air. It is prepared by the reaction of the elements at 200–400 °C. The compound is mainly of interest as exhibiting an archetypal structure. The normal pressure ""sodium arsenide"" phase is adopted by many alkali metal pnictides. At 3.6 gigapascals, NaAs adopts the LiBi structure, which is another archetypal structure.Sodium Arsenide is a crystalline solid used as a semiconductor and in photo optic applications. Its IUPAC"
"Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions . Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·""n"". The monohydrate NaOH· crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available ""sodium hydroxide"" is often this monohydrate,"
"compound, it is not necessary to indicate it with Roman numerals: hence for NaCl, sodium chloride will suffice; sodium(I) chloride(−I) is unnecessarily long and such usage is very rare. Stock nomenclature Stock nomenclature for inorganic compounds is a widely used system of chemical nomenclature developed by the German chemist Alfred Stock and first published in 1919. In the ""Stock system"", the oxidation states of some or all of the elements in a compound are indicated in parentheses by Roman numerals. Contrary to the usual English style for parentheses, there is no space between the end of the element name and"
"NASICON NASICON is an acronym for sodium (Na) Super Ionic CONductor, which usually refers to a family of solids with the chemical formula NaZrSiPO, 0 < x < 3. In a broader sense, it is also used for similar compounds where Na, Zr and/or Si are replaced by isovalent elements. NASICON compounds have high ionic conductivities, on the order of 10 S/cm, which rival those of liquid electrolytes. They are caused by hopping of Na ions among interstitial sites of the NASICON crystal lattice. The crystal structure of NASICON compounds was characterized in 1968. It is a covalent network consisting"
"Sodium hexafluoroaluminate Sodium aluminium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NaAlF. This white solid, discovered by José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite and is used extensively in the industrial production of aluminium metal. The compound consists of the sodium (Na) salt of hexafluoroaluminate (AlF). Most cryolite is manufactured from aluminium oxides, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide or the equivalent reagent hexafluorosilicic acid: It was mined as cryolite at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, until the deposit was depleted in 1987. The main application of synthetic cryolite is as a solvent"
"Sodium hexafluoroaluminate Sodium aluminium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NaAlF. This white solid, discovered by José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, occurs naturally as the mineral cryolite and is used extensively in the industrial production of aluminium metal. The compound consists of the sodium (Na) salt of hexafluoroaluminate (AlF). Most cryolite is manufactured from aluminium oxides, hydrofluoric acid, and sodium hydroxide or the equivalent reagent hexafluorosilicic acid: It was mined as cryolite at Ivigtût on the west coast of Greenland, until the deposit was depleted in 1987. The main application of synthetic cryolite is as a solvent"
"Natrolite Natrolite is a tectosilicate mineral species belonging to the zeolite group. It is a hydrated sodium and aluminium silicate with the formula . The type locality is Hohentwiel, Hegau, Germany. It was named natrolite by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1803. The name is derived from νατρών natron, the Greek word for soda, in reference to the sodium content and λίθος lithos, meaning stone. Needle stone or needle-zeolite are other informal names, alluding to the common acicular habit of the crystals, which are often very slender and are aggregated in divergent tufts. The crystals are frequently epitaxial overgrowths of natrolite,"
"Trona Trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, NaCO•NaHCO•2HO) is a non-marine evaporite mineral. It is mined as the primary source of sodium carbonate in the United States, where it has replaced the Solvay process used in most of the rest of the world for sodium carbonate production. The word entered English by way of either Swedish () or Spanish (), with both possible sources having the same meaning as in English. Both of these derive from the Arabic ""trōn"", which in turn derives from the Arabic ""natron"", and Hebrew (""natruna""), which comes from ancient Greek (""nitron""), derived ultimately"
"Sodium selenite Sodium selenite is the inorganic compound with the formula NaSeO. This salt is a colourless solid. The pentahydrate NaSeO(HO) is the most common water-soluble selenium compound. Sodium selenite usually is prepared by the reaction of selenium dioxide with sodium hydroxide: The hydrate converts to the anhydrous salt upon heating to 40 °C. Akin to the related salt sodium sulfite, NaSeO features a pyramidal dianion SeO. Oxidation of this anion gives sodium selenate, NaSeO. Together with the related barium and zinc selenites, sodium selenite is mainly used in the manufacture of colorless glass. The pink color imparted by these"