"Heroes' Memorial Day was celebrated on 16 March, National Labour Day on 1 May, Mothering Sunday in May, Summer Solstice in June, Harvest Thanksgiving in Autumn and Winter Solstice in December. From 1937, Jews were banned from the streets during German public holidays. Holidays in Nazi Germany Holidays in Nazi Germany were primarily centred on important political events, serving as a form of political education and reinforcing propaganda themes. Major national holidays were therefore controlled by Joseph Goebbels at the Reich Propaganda Ministry, and were often accompanied by mass meetings, parades, speeches and radio broadcasts. Many of the official national"
"13 March 1933, The Third Reich established a Ministry of Propaganda, appointing Joseph Goebbels as its Minister. Goals were to establish external enemies (countries that allegedly inflicted the Treaty of Versailles on Germany - by territorial claims and ethnocentrism) and internal enemies, such as Jews, Romani, homosexuals, Bolsheviks and topics like degenerate art. A major political and ideological cornerstone of Nazi policy was the unification of all ethnic Germans living outside of the Reich's borders under one Greater Germany (e.g. Austria and Czechoslovakia). In ""Mein Kampf"", Hitler made a direct remark to those outside of Germany. He stated that pain"
"ministry shortly after Hitler took power in 1933. All journalists, writers and artists were required to register with one of the Ministry's subordinate chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theatre, film, literature or radio. Hitler met nearly every day with Goebbels to discuss the news, and Goebbels would obtain Hitler's thoughts on the subject. Goebbels then met with senior Ministry officials to pass down the official Party line on world events. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated. Along with posters, the Nazis produced a number of films and books to spread their beliefs. On"
"artists and musicians were dismissed from teaching positions, and curators who had shown a partiality to modern art were replaced by Party members. In September 1933, the (Reich Culture Chamber) was established, with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's (Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda) in charge. Sub-chambers within the Culture Chamber, representing the individual arts (music, film, literature, architecture, and the visual arts) were created; these were membership groups consisting of ""racially pure"" artists supportive of the Party, or willing to be compliant. Goebbels made it clear: ""In future only those who are members of a chamber are allowed to be"
"in 1933, Joseph Goebbels became head of the Ministry for Propaganda and Public Enlightenment and took full control of broadcasting. Non-Nazis were removed from broadcasting and editorial positions. Jews were fired from all positions. Germany was easily served by a number of European mediumwave stations, including the BBC, but the Nazis made it illegal for Germans to listen to foreign broadcasts. During the war, German stations broadcast not only war propaganda and entertainment for German forces dispersed through Europe, as well as air raid alerts. There was heavy use of short wave for ""Germany Calling"" programmes directed at Britain and"
"physically. Such ""harmful"" content included dime novels, serialized books, and dramatic pamphlets. The Weimar Republic maintained a number of criminal provisions for hate crimes and anti-Semitic expression Shortly after Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933, he established the Ministry of Propaganda with the goal that this agency would control all forms of mass communication in Germany. At its peak of influence, the Ministry employed 1,500 employees spanning 17 departments. Censorship policy was produced and implemented by the Reich Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels. As such, Goebbels oversaw the publication of all media that was to be widely distributed —"
"was refurbished as seat of the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda led by Joseph Goebbels. In 1935/36 his party fellow Hermann Göring had the huge Ministry of Aviation edifice designed by Ernst Sagebiel built on the corner with Leipziger Strasse. The adjacent ""Prinz-Albrecht-Palais"" in the south became notorious as the seat of the ""Sicherheitsdienst"" of the ""Reichsführer-SS"" and the ""Sicherheitspolizei"" chief-of-staff; merged into the ""SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt"" terror complex under Reinhard Heydrich in 1939. Most of the public buildings along Wilhelmstrasse were destroyed by Allied bombing during 1944 and early 1945 and during the following Battle of Berlin. After the war,"
"of Arnold Schoenberg, and the jazz-influenced work of Paul Hindemith and Kurt Weill. Robert Wiene's"" The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari"" and Fritz Lang's ""Metropolis"" brought expressionism to cinema. In September 1933 the ""Reichskulturkammer"" (Reich Culture Chamber) was established, with Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's ""Reichminister für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda"" (Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda) in charge. Individual divisions in the Chamber of Culture for the Reich included: ""press, radio, literature, movies, theater, music, and visual arts."" ""The purpose of this chamber was to stimulate the Aryanization of German culture and to prohibit, for example, atonal Jewish music, the blues, surrealism,"
"- with ""Semites"" including Christians, especially the Catholic Church. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Minister for Propaganda, was among the most aggressive anti-Church Nazi radicals. Goebbels led the Nazi persecution of the German clergy and, as the war progressed, on the ""Church Question"", he wrote ""after the war it has to be generally solved... There is, namely, an insoluble opposition between the Christian and a heroic-German world view"". Worried about the dissention caused by the Kirchenkampf, Hitler told Goebbels in the summer of 1935 he sought ""peace with the Churches"" - ""at least for a period of time"". As with the"
"appointed the Führer's Private Secretary, reaching a unique position of power and trust with Hitler. Sometime in the autumn of 1943, Goebbels expressed misgivings with Hitler's dependence on Bormann concerning domestic affairs, his focus on military matters and his seeming neglect of politics—Goebbels recorded this moment as ""a leadership crisis"" in his diary. Goebbels further believed that ""the Party Chancellery chief was managing Hitler."" By that time, Bormann had de facto control over all domestic matters. He held the position of leader of the Nazi Party Chancellery until 30 April 1945. Late in waning months of the war, Bormann was"
"the central government. A law passed on 14 February formally abolished the Reichsrat. One of the most important steps towards ""Gleichschaltung"" of German society was the introduction of the ""Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda"" under Joseph Goebbels in March 1933 and the subsequent steps taken by the Propaganda Ministry to assume full control of the press and all means of social communication. This included oversight of newspapers, magazines, films, books, public meetings and ceremonies, foreign press relations, theater, art and music, radio, and television. To this end, Goebbels said: [T]he secret of propaganda [is to] permeate the person it"
"north instead. But consequently the government of Germany was, at the death of Hitler, split over six centres. The Propaganda Ministry, the personal fiefdom of Joseph Goebbels had remained with him in Berlin, as had the Nazi Party Chancellery under Martin Bormann; while the Luftwaffe High Command had relocated to Berchtesgaden, having been until his abrupt dismissal on 23 April the counterpart fiefdom of Göring. Himmler had retained his personal powerbase in the offices of the SS and security apparatus, which had been established in Lübeck in the north and then relocated to Flensburg. Other government ministries and ministers were"
"During the ""Tonkünstler-Fest"", now being called ""Tonkünstler-Versammlung"" again, of that year in Dortmund, the ""Reichsministerium für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda"" (Ministry for the Enlightening of the People and Propaganda) of Joseph Goebbels made known that a reorganization of cultural life had to take place. In November 1933, as part of Goebbels' Ministry, a ""Reichsmusikkammer"" (""Imperial Music Chamber""), directed by Richard Strauss, was installed, responsible for all parts of German musical life. In July 1935 Strauss had to resign due to his collaboration with Jewish artists, especially with Stefan Zweig, librettist of the opera ""Die schweigsame Frau"". His successor, until his death"
"Goebbels children joined him in Berlin. They moved into the underground ""Vorbunker"", part of Hitler's underground bunker complex, on 22 April 1945. Hitler committed suicide on 30 April. In accordance with Hitler's will, Goebbels succeeded him as Chancellor of Germany; he served one day in this post. The following day, Goebbels and his wife committed suicide, after poisoning their six children with cyanide. Paul Joseph Goebbels was born on 29 October 1897 in Rheydt, an industrial town south of Mönchengladbach near Düsseldorf. Both of his parents were Roman Catholics with modest family backgrounds. His father Fritz was a factory clerk;"
"the overarching political intervention of concert halls and orchestras of the 19th century. In March 1933 Hitler appointed Joseph Goebbels as the Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. The institution effectively replaced Rosenberg’s, issuing much stricter control over all cultural products of the era including newspaper, film and radio. Within the music realm Goebbels initially focused on the rapidly expanding concert hall industry. With the increase of both music publications and instrument production, a public sphere of music emerged. German citizens were able to exchange music unlike ever before, increasing circulation of all genres of music. Since the performance of"
"Minister of Aviation Hermann Göring. Goebbels was disappointed not to be given a post in Hitler's new cabinet. Bernhard Rust was appointed as Minister of Culture, the post Goebbels was expecting to receive. Like other NSDAP officials, Goebbels had to deal with Hitler's leadership style of giving contradictory orders to his subordinates, while placing them into positions where their duties and responsibilities overlapped. In this way, Hitler fostered distrust, competition, and infighting among his subordinates to consolidate and maximise his own power. The NSDAP took advantage of the Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933, with Hindenburg passing the Reichstag Fire"
"story also ""encouraged later disbelief"" when reports about the Holocaust surfaced after the liberation of Auschwitz and Dachau concentration camps. After Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power in Germany in 1933, they established the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under the control of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels. The Nazis used both print and broadcast journalism to promote their agendas, either by obtaining ownership of those media or exerting political influence. Throughout World War II, both the Axis and the Allies employed fake news in the form of propaganda to persuade publics at home and in enemy"
"both domestic and foreign consumption. Propaganda publications in support of the war effort by the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS included: Wehrmacht Propaganda Troops The planning for propaganda activities by the Wehrmacht began in 1938. Joseph Goebbels, the head of Ministry of Propaganda, sought to establish effective cooperation with the Wehrmacht to ensure a smooth flow of propaganda materials from the front. He deferred to the military in setting up and controlling the propaganda companies, but provided assistance in supplying personnel. The service was subordinated to the Chief of Operation Staff, General Alfred Jodl. Commanded by General Hasso von Wedel, the"
"offices of the united press department of the ""Reichsregierung"" and the Foreign Office, which held daily press conferences here. In March 1933, the building became the headquarters of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda led by Joseph Goebbels. During his tenure, the building was again enlarged, with Stüler's annex extended and rebuilt until 1940. The ""Ordenspalais"" itself was destroyed in the last months of World War II. The annex, renumbered Wilhelmstraße No. 49, survived and from 1947 was the seat of the East German National Front organization. Since 1999, the building has held the main offices of the"
"Socialist propaganda in film. Hugenberg had been named Reich Minister of Economics immediately following the Nazi takeover of January 30, 1933, and made UFA openly available for Joseph Goebbels' propaganda machine, even though Hugenberg was removed from his post shortly thereafter (June 1933) under pressure from Hitler. In an act of anticipatory obedience to the Nazi regime, UFA management fired several Jewish employees on March 29, 1933. In the summer of 1933, the Nazi regime created the Film Chamber of the Reich, which adopted regulations officially excluding Jewish filmmakers from all German studios. In 1936, Germany's first film institute was"
"German news, the agency was also called the Home or Domestic Press Division. In December 1938, he was made chief of the Home Press Division. In May 1942, Goebbels took personal control of the division, and Fritzsche returned to radio work for the Ministry as Plenipotentiary for the Political Organization of the Greater German Radio and head of the Radio Division of the Ministry. In April 1945, he was present in the Berlin ""Führerbunker"" during the last days of Adolf Hitler and Goebbels. After Hitler's suicide on 30 April 1945, Goebbels assumed Hitler's role as chancellor. On 1 May, Goebbels"
"by the complexities of the Nazi power structure. Goebbels and his staff endeavored to bring about a ""structural transformation in the entire state apparatus."" Goebbels had been pushing for a total war effort for some time. He was convinced that everyone, from the Nazi elite to Germany's privileged classes, must be prepared to sacrifice for the war effort and was supportive of measures that restricted hunting, the prohibition of the use of alcohol at Nazi functions, and the scarcity measures of one-course meals that Hitler had in mind. As early as 4 January 1943, he told his ministerial conference that"
"Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels, part of a Nazi endeavor to overcome their enemies' military strength through force of will. The new ""Volkssturm"" drew inspiration from the old Prussian ""Landsturm"" of 1813–1815, that fought in the liberation wars against Napoleon, mainly as guerrilla forces. Plans to form a ""Landsturm"" national militia in eastern Germany as a last resort to boost fighting strength were first proposed in 1944 by General Heinz Guderian, chief of the General Staff. The Army did not have enough men to resist the Soviet onslaught. So, additional categories of men were called into service, including those in non-essential"
"of foreign influences like the Vatican; and priests, he said, were ""black bugs"" and ""abortions in black cassocks"". Joseph Goebbels, the Minister of Propaganda, was among the most aggressive anti-Church radicals and saw the conflict with the churches as a priority concern. Born to a Catholic family, he became one of the government's most relentless Jew-baiters. On the ""Church Question"", he wrote ""after the war it has to be generally solved ... There is, namely, an insoluble opposition between the Christian and a heroic-German world view"". He led the persecution of Catholic clergy. Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich headed the"
"site of one of the infamous Nazi book burning ceremonies held in the evening of 10 May 1933 in many German university cities. The book burnings were initiated and hosted by the nationalist German Student Association, thus stealing a march on the National Socialist German Students' League. The assembly of the books had started on the sixth, when students dragged the contents of the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft library into the square. At the Student Association's invitation Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels held an inflammatory speech prior to the burning. Besides other spectators, it was attended by members of the Nazi Students'"
"was endorsing Rosenberg's anti-Jewish, anti-Christian, and neo-pagan philosophy. The Vatican directed the Holy Office to place Rosenberg's ""Myth of the Twentieth Century"" on the Index of Forbidden books on February 7, 1934. Joachim Fest wrote of Rosenberg as having little or no political influence in making the regime's decisions and as a thoroughly marginalized figure. Joseph Goebbels, the Minister for Propaganda, was among the most aggressive anti-Church radicals. The son of a Catholic family from Rheydt in the Rhineland, he became one of the regime's most relentless Jew-baiters. Goebbels led the Nazi persecution of the clergy. On the ""Church Question"","
"after the anti-Semitic Nazi Party rose to power. Physician Magnus Hirschfeld established the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sexology) in 1919, and it remained open until 1933. Hirschfeld believed that an understanding of homosexuality could be arrived at through science. Hirschfeld was a vocal advocate for homosexual, bisexual, and transgender legal rights for men and women, repeatedly petitioning parliament for legal changes. His Institute also included a museum. Politically, Berlin was seen as a left wing stronghold, with the Nazis calling it ""the reddest city [in Europe] after Moscow."" Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels became his party's ""Gauleiter"" for Berlin in"
"organised by Goebbels, which ran in Munich from July to November. The exhibition proved wildly popular, attracting over two million visitors. A degenerate music exhibition took place the following year. Meanwhile, Goebbels was disappointed by the lack of quality in the National Socialist artwork, films, and literature. In 1933, Hitler signed the ""Reichskonkordat"" (Reich Concordat), a treaty with the Vatican that required the regime to honour the independence of Catholic institutions and prohibited clergy from involvement in politics. However, the regime continued to target the Christian churches and to try to weaken their influence. Throughout 1935 and 1936, hundreds of"
"in 1935. After the formation of the ‘Reich Ministry of Enlightenment and Propaganda’ in 1933, anti-Semitic publications, in the forms of books, newspapers, radio and speeches, were commissioned by the state. Goebbels, the propaganda minister, described the new ministry as a way of uniting the government and the people. Hitler says that “The chief function of propaganda is to convince the masses, who slowness of understanding needs to be given time in order that they may absorb information; and only constant repetition will finally succeed in imprinting an idea on their mind………the slogan must of course be illustrated in many"
"all private welfare institutions”, in an effort to direct who was to receive social benefits. Under this selective welfare structure, Nazi administrators were able to mount an effort towards the “cleansing of their cities of ‘asocials’”, who were deemed unworthy of receiving assistance for various reasons. Underlining the importance of nationality and race, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi propaganda minister, claimed in 1944: “We and we alone [the Nazis] have the best social welfare measures. Everything is done for the nation”. In 1936, military spending in Germany exceeded 10% of GNP (higher than any other European country at the time). Military"
"Pfitzner, Carl Orff and Norbert Schultze, the orchestral conductors Wilhelm Furtwängler and Herbert von Karajan, and the Wagnerian baritone Rudolf Bockelmann. The only foreigner ""(Ausländer)"" on the list was Dutch actor Johannes Heesters. There was also an extended list, the so-called ""Führerliste"" that included ""God-gifted artists"" who were not to be drafted but worked as ""Künstler im Kriegseinsatz"" (artists in the war effort). Gottbegnadeten list The Gottbegnadeten-Liste (""God-gifted list"" or ""Important Artist Exempt List"") was a 36-page list of artists considered crucial to Nazi culture. The list was assembled in September 1944 by Joseph Goebbels, the head of the Ministry"
"opposition to Gregor Strasser's socialist ideas and appointed Goebbels as Reich leader of NSDAP propaganda. When Hitler visited Goebbels' on 2 May 1930, Goebbels banned the evening edition of the ""Nationaler Sozialist"". Gregor Strasser distanced himself from his brother and relinquished his position as publisher of the ""Nationaler Sozialist"" by the end of June, while Otto left the Party at the beginning of July. In August 1932, Hitler was offered the job of Vice-Chancellor of Germany by then Chancellor Franz von Papen at the behest of President Paul von Hindenburg, but he refused. Strasser urged him to enter a coalition"
"the future of religion in Germany. Anti-Church radicals included Hitler's Personal Secretary Martin Bormann, Minister for Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, paganist Nazi Philosopher Alfred Rosenberg, and paganist occultist Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Some Nazis, such as Hans Kerrl, who served as Hitler's Minister for Church Affairs pushed for ""Positive Christianity"", which was a uniquely Nazi form which rejected its Jewish origins and the Old Testament, and portrayed ""true"" Christianity as a fight against Jews, with Jesus depicted as an Aryan. Nazism wanted to transform the subjective consciousness of the German people—their attitudes, values and mentalities—into a single-minded, obedient ""national community"". The Nazis"