"drug, which contains a very active component delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). For thousands of years, it was used for medical purposes in many different parts of the world. Recent studies also agreed that THC had great potential benefits for medical purposes. A number of patients who have HIV, multiple sclerosis (MS), neuropathic chronic pain, and cancer were under medical marijuana treatment. The treatments could either be smoke on cannabis or oral preparations, which were synthetic THC and synthetic equivalent. According to Medical Uses of Marijuana (Cannabis sativa), patients with HIV reported that the drug reduced mixed neuropathic pain more significantly in comparison"
"Atazanavir Atazanavir, sold under the trade name Reyataz among others, is an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use with other antiretrovirals. It may be used for prevention after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. It is taken by mouth once a day. Common side effects include headache, nausea, yellowish skin, abdominal pain, trouble sleeping, and fever. Severe side effects include rashes such as erythema multiforme and high blood sugar. Atazanavir appears to be safe to use during pregnancy. It is of the protease inhibitor (PI) class and works by blocking HIV"
"Tofacitinib Tofacitinib, sold under the brand Xeljanz among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Common side effects include diarrhea, headache, and high blood pressure. Serious side effects may include infections and the development of cancer. It is in the janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor class, discovered and developed by the National Institutes of Health and Pfizer. In November 2012, the U.S. FDA approved tofacitinib citrate ""to treat adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, methotrexate."" It was later approved in"
"Isoniazid/rifampicin Isoniazid/rifampicin, also known as isoniazid/rifampin, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of isoniazid and rifampicin (rifampin). It is used together with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth. Side effects are those of the underlying medications. Common side effects include poor coordination, poor appetite, nausea, numbness, and feeling tired. More severe side effects include liver problems. Use is generally not recommended in children. It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in"
"Rifalazil Rifalazil (also known as KRM-1648 and AMI-1648) is an antibiotic. Rifalazil kills bacterial cells by blocking off the β-subunit in RNA polymerase. Rifalazil is used as treatments for many different diseases. Of the most common are ""Chlamydia"" infection, ""Clostridium difficile"" associated diarrhea (CDAD), and tuberculosis (TB). Using rifalazil and the effects that coincide with taking rifalazil for treating a bacterial disease vary from person to person, as does any drug put into the human body. Food interactions and genetic variation are a few causes for the variation in side effects from the use of rifalazil. Its development was terminated"
"report, a 53-year-old woman with vitiligo showed noticeable improvement after taking tofacitinib for five months. The results of using tofacitinib in 6 patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis was published in the September 2015. All saw improvement in their atopic dermatitis without any adverse events. it is undergoing a phase II trial for ankylosing spondylitis. Tofacitinib Tofacitinib, sold under the brand Xeljanz among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Common side effects include diarrhea, headache, and high blood pressure. Serious side effects may include infections and the development of cancer. It is in"
"Rituximab Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. It is used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis and Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcers. It is given by slow injection into a vein. Common side effects, which often occur within two hours of the medication being given, include rash, itchiness, low blood pressure, and shortness of breath. Other severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and toxic"
"with rituximab include autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Evans syndrome, vasculitis (e.g., granulomatosis with polyangiitis), bullous skin disorders (for example pemphigus, pemphigoid—with very encouraging results of approximately 85% rapid recovery in pemphigus, according to a 2006 study), type 1 diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and Devic's disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, autoimmune pancreatitis, Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS), and IgG4-related disease. There is some evidence that it is ineffective in treating IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases. Rituximab is being used off-label in the management of kidney transplant recipients. This drug may have some"
"inflammatory and auto-immune processes in many diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, depression, Alzheimer's Disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, Behçet's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Hence, there is an interest in developing anti-IL-6 agents as therapy against many of these diseases. The first such is tocilizumab, which has been approved for rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman's disease and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Others are in clinical trials. The first FDA approved anti-IL-6 was for RA. Anti-IL-6 therapy was initially developed for treatment of autoimmune diseases, but due to the role of IL-6 in chronic inflammation, IL-6 blockade was also evaluated for"
"acquired rival Wyeth for almost $64 billion, paid about $500 million to settle Rezulin cases consolidated in federal court in New York, according to court filings. The company also paid as much as $250 million to resolve state-court suits. In 2004, it set aside $955 million to end Rezulin cases. Troglitazone Troglitazone (Rezulin, Resulin, Romozin, Noscal) is an antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory drug, and a member of the drug class of the thiazolidinediones. It was prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. It was developed by Daiichi Sankyo (Japan). In the United States, it was introduced and manufactured by Parke-Davis"
"R-group side chain with aztreonam, a monobactam antibiotic; the two drugs share a similar spectrum of activity, including activity against ""Pseudomonas"". Ceftazidime Ceftazidime, sold under the brand names Fortaz among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is used for joint infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, malignant otitis externa, ""Pseudomonas aeruginosa"" infection, and vibrio infection. It is given by injection into a vein or muscle. Common side effects include nausea, allergic reactions, and pain at the site of injection. Other side effects may include ""Clostridium difficile"" diarrhea. It is"
"Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth. Side effects are those of the underlying medications. These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness. Severe side effects include liver problems. Use in those under the age of 15 may not be appropriate. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide was approved for medical use"
"Atazanavir/ritonavir Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) is a combination medication used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It combines atazanavir and ritonavir. It may be used instead of lopinavir/ritonavir. It is taken by mouth. Side effects are generally minimal. They may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, yellowish skin, muscle pains, and headache. Greater care should be taken in people with underlying liver problems. Use in pregnancy appears to be safe. In the combination atazanavir functions as a protease inhibitor and ritonavir functions to increase levels of atazanavir. The combination was approved for use in India in 2012 and is pending approval in the US as"
"Serelaxin Serelaxin (brand name Reasanz; developmental code name RLX-030) is a medication which is marketed in Russia for the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF), targeting the relaxin receptor. It was also under development in other places in the world, including in the United States, Europe, and Asia, but ultimately was not marketed in these areas. Serelaxin is a recombinant form of human relaxin-2, a hormone that (among other functions) is produced during pregnancy and mediates the haemodynamic changes that occur during this time, such as increased blood output of the heart and blood flow in the kidney. Human-relaxin-2 mediates"
"Behçet's disease, and other forms of vasculitis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease), restrictive lung disease, and others. It is also an important therapy and steroid-sparing agent for inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and for multiple sclerosis. In the United States, it is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in kidney transplantation from human donors, and for rheumatoid arthritis. Azathioprine is used to prevent rejections of kidney or liver allografts, usually in conjunction with other therapies including corticosteroids, other immunosuppressants, and local radiation therapy. The administration"
"Ranolazine Ranolazine, sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences, is a drug to treat angina that was first approved in 2006. Ranolazine is used to treat chronic angina. It may be used concomitantly with β blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Some contraindications for ranolazine are related to its metabolism and are described under Drug Interactions. Additionally, in clinical trials ranolazine slightly increased QT interval in some patients and the FDA label contains a warning for doctors to beware of this effect in their patients. The drug's effect on"
"combined sales for Ranexa and other Gilead product AmBisome were $621 million for the fourth quarter of 2016. Ranolazine Ranolazine, sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences, is a drug to treat angina that was first approved in 2006. Ranolazine is used to treat chronic angina. It may be used concomitantly with β blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers. Some contraindications for ranolazine are related to its metabolism and are described under Drug Interactions. Additionally, in clinical trials ranolazine slightly increased QT interval in some patients and the FDA"
"as leukemias and lymphomas, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphocyte predominant subtype, of Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Rituximab has been shown to be an effective rheumatoid arthritis treatment in three randomised controlled trials and is now licensed for use in refractory rheumatoid disease. In the United States, it has been FDA-approved for use in combination with methotrexate (MTX) for reducing signs and symptoms in adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have had an inadequate response to one or more anti-TNF-alpha therapy. In Europe, the license is slightly more restrictive: it is licensed for use in combination with MTX"
"Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (INH/B6/CTX) is a fixed dose combination medication for the prevention of opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS. It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, malaria, and isosporiasis. It is taken by mouth. Side effects may include trouble concentrating, numbness, vomiting, and rash. Serious side effects may include liver problems. Caution may be required in people with G6PD deficiency. While it has not been well studied, use in pregnancy appears to be okay. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in"
"a first-line treatment for Schnitzler's syndrome and in cases where the first-line treatment is not effective for Familial Mediterranean fever, Hyper-IgD syndrome also known as Mevalonate kinase deficiency, and TNF receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), and a ""Clinical Commissioning Policy: Anakinra/tocilizumab for the treatment of Adult-Onset Still's Disease refractory to second-line therapy (adults)"", allowing Anakinra to be commissioned for Adult-onset Still's disease ""as a third line treatment where patients are refractory to steroid-sparing effect DMARDs"". Anakinra Anakinra (brand name Kineret) is a biopharmaceutical drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It is a recombinant and slightly modified version of the human"
"to prevent neuronal damage from excessive activation of glutamate receptors. EAAT2 is responsible for over 90% of glutamate reuptake within the brain. Mutations in and decreased expression of this protein are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The drug riluzole approved for the treatment of ALS upregulates EAAT2. Ceftriaxone, an antibiotic, has been shown to induce/enhance the expression of EAAT2, resulting in reduced glutamate activity. Ceftriaxone has been shown to reduce the development and expression of tolerance to opiates and other drugs of abuse. EAAT2 may possess an important role in drug addiction and tolerance to addictive drugs. Upregulation of"
"therapy with methotrexate for RA treatment. In further studies, it was effective and generally well tolerated when administered either as monotherapy or in combination with conventional DMARDs in adult patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. In June 2005, tocilizumab was approved in Japan for Castleman's disease. In January 2009, the drug was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as ""RoActemra"" for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis under the mentioned restrictions. On 11 January 2010, it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as ""Actemra"" for the same purpose. Tocilizumab was approved by Australia's Therapeutic"
"Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin, also known as ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampin, is a medication used for tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin. It is used either alone or with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth. Side effects are those of the underlying medications. Pyridoxine may be used to decrease the risk of numbness. It is not recommended in people with liver problems or severe kidney problems. Use may not be suitable in children. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective"
"Drug Administration for topical treatment of persistent facial erythema (redness) associated with rosacea in adults. Due to its vasoconstricting properties, oxymetazoline is also used to treat nose bleeds and eye redness due to minor irritation (marketed as Visine L.R. in the form of eye drops). Rebound congestion, or rhinitis medicamentosa, may occur. A 2006 review of the pathology of rhinitis medicamentosa concluded that use of oxymetazoline for more than three days may result in rhinitus medicamentosa and recommended limiting use to three days. In a submission to the Therapeutic Goods Administration, a Novartis representative concluded, ""The justification was not based"
"injection was approved in October 2013. Tocilizumab is used for the treatment of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis, applied in combination with methotrexate, if other drugs like disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and TNF alpha blockers have proven to be ineffective or were not tolerated. It can be used as a monotherapy for patients who do not tolerate methotrexate. The drug slows down the progression of the disease and can improve physical function of patients. The treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is similar to RA treatment: tocilizumab is combined with methotrexate unless the latter is not tolerated. General safety and"
"is generally well-tolerated. Eisai markets a drug called denileukin diftitox (trade name Ontak), which is a recombinant fusion protein of the human IL-2 ligand and the diphtheria toxin. This drug binds to IL-2 receptors and introduces the diphtheria toxin into cells that express those receptors, killing the cells. In some leukemias and lymphomas, malignant cells express the IL-2 receptor, so denileukin diftitox can kill them. In 1999 Ontak was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (CTCL). IL-2 has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic viral infections and"
"vesicular monoamine transporter 2, resulting in decreased uptake of monoamines into synaptic vesicles, as well as depletion of monoamine storage. Tetrabenazine Tetrabenazine is a drug for the symptomatic treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. It is marketed under the trade names Nitoman in Canada and Xenazine in New Zealand, some parts of Europe, and in the United States as an orphan drug and in Iran as Xentra. On August 15, 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of tetrabenazine to treat chorea associated with Huntington's disease. Although other drugs had been used ""off label,"" tetrabenazine was the first"
"Mequitazine Mequitazine (trade name Primalan) is an H antagonist and anticholinergic of the phenothiazine chemical class. It is used to treat allergies and rhinitis. Severe liver disease; premature infants or full-term neonates. Pregnancy, lactation; severe cardiovascular disorders; asthma; angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention, prostatic hyperplasia, pyloroduodenal obstruction; renal and hepatic impairment; elderly, children; epilepsy. May impair ability to drive or operate machinery. CNS depression including slight drowsiness to deep sleep, lassitude, dizziness, incoordination. Headache, psychomotor impairment and antimuscarinic effects. Rarely, rashes and hypersensitivity reactions, blood disorders, convulsions, sweating, myalgia, paraesthesias, extrapyramidal effects, tremor, confusion, sleep and GI disturbances, tinnitus, hypotension, hair"
"including gastrointestinal, hematologic, pulmonary, and hepatic. Side effects such as nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain can be reduced by taking folic acid. A 2015 Cochrane review found rituximab with methotrexate to be effective in improving symptoms compared to methotrexate alone. Rituximab works by depicting levels of B-cells (immune cell that is involved in inflammation). People taking rituximab had improved pain, function, reduced disease activity and reduced joint damage based on x-ray images. After 6 months, 21% more people had improvement in their symptoms using rituximab and methotrexate. Biological agents should generally only be used if methotrexate and other conventional agents"
"dyspnoea, resulted in a 30% reduction in worsening of heart failure symptoms, a decreased hospital stay and a reduction in signs and symptoms of congestion. The FDA granted serelaxin ""breakthrough therapy"" designation, meant to expedite the development and review of drugs for life-threatening conditions. On 22 March 2017, Novartis announced that the global Phase III study of serelaxin in patients with acute heart failure did not meet its primary endpoints. Serelaxin Serelaxin (brand name Reasanz; developmental code name RLX-030) is a medication which is marketed in Russia for the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF), targeting the relaxin receptor. It"
"with drugs that activate CYP3A like rifampin and phenobarbital. For drugs that are moderate CYP3A inhibitors like diltiazem, verapamil, erythromycin, the dose of ranolazine should be reduced. Drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 like tricyclic antidepressants may need to be given at reduced doses when administered with ranolazine. Ranolazine inhibits persistent or late inward sodium current (""I"") in heart muscle in a variety of voltage-gated sodium channels. Inhibiting that current leads to reductions in intracellular calcium levels. This in turn leads to reduced tension in the heart wall, leading to reduced oxygen requirements for the muscle. The QT prolongation effect"
"condition and may include standard management for autoimmunity. One patient with severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia responded well to rituximab. Blocking IL-6 activation with tocilizumab in one patient resulted in a dramatic improvement of arthritis. Two patients exhibiting postnatal short stature were treated with growth hormone with good response. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) is a possible treatment of this condition, but its effectiveness is unproven. Of the two patients treated by HCT, one patient died and the other was cured of autoimmune symptoms and improved growth. Larger cohorts are required to further validate these therapeutic approaches. Investigators at the National"
"is manufactured by Aventis. Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth. Side effects are those of the underlying medications. These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness. Severe side effects include liver problems. Use in those under the age of 15 may not be appropriate. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide was"