"a patch specifying the practitioner's level. This is true for both ""kyū"" and ""dan"" levels. The USJF Juniors ranking system specifies ranks to 11th ""kyū"" (""jūichikyū""). The USJA Juniors ranking system specifies twelve levels of ""kyū"" rank, beginning with ""Junior 1st Degree"" (equivalent to ""jūnikyū"", or 12th ""kyū"") and ending with ""Junior 12th Degree"" (equivalent to ""ikkyū""). As with the senior practitioners, the USJA recommends that juniors wear a patch specifying their rank. When a USJA Junior reaches the age of 17, their conversion to Senior rank is: Rank in Judo In Judo, improvement and understanding of the art is"
"main categories: ""Gōhō"" (剛法 - i.e. """"hard techniques"""": punches, kicks, etc.) and ""Jūhō"" (柔法 - """"soft techniques"""": throws, joint locks, etc.). Sugihara Masayasu (Born in Osaka, Japan, In 1951) started practicing Judo and Karate from a very young age, and eventually discovered and trained mainly under Shorinji Kempo. By the age of 28, Sugihara held a 6th Dan rank in the art, and he was a bodyguard and close student of the founder of Shorinji Kenpo Dōshin Sō. This martial art did not allow its followers to take part in contact competitions but Sugihara, eager to test his fighting skills"
"Rank in Judo In Judo, improvement and understanding of the art is denoted by a system of rankings split into ""kyū"" and ""dan"" grades. These are indicated with various systems of coloured belts, with the black belt indicating a practitioner who has attained a certain level of competence. are ranked according to skill and knowledge of the art. Their rank is indicated by the colour of belt that they wear. There are two broad categories of rank: those who have attained a level of competency at which they are considered worthy of a and who hold grades and those who"
"karate are reflected in the different colored belts. There are two major classifications: the ranks of black belt are called dans, while all those below the rank of black belt are kyus. In Gosoku-ryū, there are ten kyu ratings, as follows: After achieving shodan, or first degree black belt ranking, a karateka may progress further though the dan ranks up to ju-dan, or tenth degree black belt. The ju-dan sometimes wears a red belt to distinguish him or herself. Instructors that are 4th dan are sometimes awarded the title of ""Shihan-Dai"" (deputy master). Instructors that are 5th dan or higher"
"grades varies, and is based on a combination of skill, physical fitness, age, regular attendance at classes, frequency of classes per week, student–teacher ratio, facilities and equipment, and the disposition of the student. Students must be at least 6 years old to be promoted and at least 15 years old to be eligible to test for black belt. Each ""kyū"" promotion requires a test of proficiency in a specific set of techniques. The foundation of the syllabus is Kano's revised ""Gokyo no Waza"" (or 'five sets of techniques') from 1920, which covers Judo's 40 fundamental throws. There are now 67"
"Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai (JKR) is an international karate organization under the leadership of Yasuhiro (Takehiro) Konishi, 10th Dan, son of the organization's founder Yasuhiro Konishi. It has branches in more than 20 countries under the guidance of Kiyoshi Yamazaki, 8th Dan, International Director and Chief Instructor. The style of karate taught by the JKR is Shindo Jinen Ryu, which was established by Yasuhiro Konishi, who studied under and alongside Gichin Funakoshi, Chojun Miyagi, Kenwa Mabuni, and Choki Motobu. Konishi also trained extensively under the founder of Aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, and JKR's lineage dates back to the 16th"
"karate')""; he also emphasized the importance of ""cultivating intellect before strength"". Miyagi chose the name Goju-ryu (""""go"""" meaning ""hard"" and """"ju"""" meaning ""soft""), to emphasize that his style integrated both ""hard"" and ""soft"" styles. ""Goju"" applies not just to karate, but to life in general; only hardness or only softness will not enable one ""to deal effectively with the fluctuations of life"". When blocking, ""the body is soft and inhaling""; when striking, the body is ""hard and exhaling"". Gōjū-ryū has 12 core kata in its standard curriculum: ""gekisai dai ichi"", ""gekisai dai ni"", ""saifa"", ""seiyunchin"", ""seisan"", ""saipai"", ""shisochin"", ""sanseiru"", ""kururunfa"","
"highest level that might be attained, with instructor certification and judge/judgment authorization being understood as higher-level or more sophisticated. Many arts use between one and ten dan ranks: In some martial arts, black belts are worn for all ""dan"" grades. In others, the highest grade (10th ""dan"") wears a red colored belt. In Jūdo and Shotokan 6th to 8th ""dan"" may wear a red and white-patterned belt and 9th to 10th ""dan"" may wear a solid red belt. There is some variation even within styles. Generally, belts do not have markings that indicate the actual ""dan"" grade. Okinawan styles used"
"which can be found even in basic kata. ""Kumite"" (fighting) techniques are practised in the kihon and kata and developed from basic to advanced levels with an opponent. Gichin Funakoshi laid out the Twenty Precepts of Karate (or Niju kun), which form the foundations of the art, before some of his students established the Japan Karate Association (JKA). Within these twenty principles, based heavily on bushido and Zen, lies the philosophy of Shotokan. The principles allude to notions of humility, respect, compassion, patience, and both an inward and outward calmness. It was Funakoshi's belief that through karate practice and observation"
"dan/kyu system going from Ikkyu (1st Kyu, 一級) to Hachidan (8th Dan, 八段). Additionally, there are the three teaching licences of Renshi (錬士), Kyōshi (教士) and Hanshi (範士) (collectively known as Shōgō (称号)) which can be awarded at the last three grades (6th, 7th and 8th Dan respectively). As the practical examination for these grades involves only Seitei, they are not representative of a practitioner's koryū ability. Modern-day Shintō Musō-ryū is practiced within several large independent organizations which includes the European Jodo Federation, Nihon Jōdōkai, International Jōdō Federation, International Jodo Association, Sei Ryu Kai to name a few. As such"
"who wish to study the history and origins of Shintaido movement. Beginners study two taikyoku (太極) and two heian (平安) katas (each is offered in sho & dai forms) as well as variety of strikes, kicks and kumite arrangements. Advanced students (from shodan and above) study a range of traditional karate kata, culminating in a revisiting of the original taikyoku kata at the highest level. Shintaido offers five Dan (段, ""higher level"") grades: currently just four people in the world hold the highest grade (5th Dan). On average it takes ten years of practice to reach 1st Dan (the grade"
"Sasaki's students went on to establish their own dojos across Canada. The Canadian Kodokan Black Belt Association was incorporated in 1956 and recognized by the International Judo Federation in 1958. Now known as Judo Canada, it is the national governing body and a federation of associations in each of the ten provinces and three territories. Today, an estimated 30,000 Canadians participate in Judo programs in approximately 400 clubs across Canada. Judo uses a hierarchical ranking system divided into ""kyū"" and ""dan"" grades that its founder, Jigoro Kano, adapted from the ranking system for the traditional board game Go. ""Kyū"" grades"
"of judo and wrestling. Leitao also articulated the ""Theory of Grappling"", sometimes referred to as ""Theory of Luta Livre"". Roberto Leitao was a University professor of Engineering who had devoted many years to Wrestling and Judo. The grading system, according to the Wrestling Federation Submission of the State of Rio de Janeiro, is divided into three: beginners, intermediate and advanced. Beginners Intermediate Advanced Luta Livre, in its early days, was largely considered to be an art ""for poor kids who could not afford a gi."" due to appearances since they didn't fight with a gi. Luta Livre and BJJ were"
"are yet to attain that level and who hold grades. Those who hold ""dan"" grades are collectively termed (literally ""person who has dan"") and those with ""kyū"" grades are , literally ""person without dan"". This ranking system was introduced by Kanō Jigorō, the founder of judo, in 1883. However, the current system is not the original one, but based on Kanō's last system introduced between 1926-1931, with some modification shortly after Kanō's death in 1938. The first ""dan"" grades were awarded to his students Saigō Shirō and Tomita Tsunejirō. Since then it has been widely adopted by modern martial arts."
"(""menkyo kaiden""). In the modern system, first introduced in the martial arts through judo, students progress by promotion through a series of grades (kyū), followed by a series of degrees (dan), pursuant to formal testing procedures. Some arts use only white and black belts to distinguish between levels, while others use a progression of colored belts for kyū levels. It has often been said that forms (""kata"") are the backbone of the martial arts. Nevertheless, different schools and styles put a varying amount of emphasis upon their practice. Hall, David A. ""Encyclopedia of Japanese Martial Arts"". Kodansha USA, 2012. Japanese"
"expanded the reach of the style worldwide and trained karateka all over the world. Like many styles of karate to date, the grading structure runs on a belt system, with 10 coloured belt levels (kyu) for non-black holders (mudansha) and 10 levels (dan) for black belt holders (yudansha). The following describes the grading structure utilised by the Shorinjiryu Kenkokan organisation and many of the descendent schools. Other descendent schools may utilise alternative structures, though all use 10 levels for black belt holders. The 10 levels of coloured belts used in Shorinjiryu Kenkokan and many descendent schools are: Black belt holders"
"of national judo associations. The IJF is responsible for organising international competition and hosts the World Judo Championships and is involved in running the Olympic Judo events. Judo is a hierarchical art, where seniority of judoka is designated by what is known as the - ranking system. This system was developed by Jigoro Kano and was based on the ranking system in the board game Go. Beginning students progress through kyu grades towards dan grades. A judoka's position within the kyu-dan ranking system is displayed by the color of their belt. Beginning students typically wear a white belt, progressing through"
"kata, mostly created in the late 19th century by Kano Jigoro, the founder of judo. The judo kata involve two participants. Judo kata preserve a number of techniques that are not permitted in competition or in ""randori"", including punches, kicks, and the use of the katana and other weapons. The study of kata is usually begun typically at around the green belt level. The most commonly studied judo kata is Nage-no-kata, which consists of fifteen throwing techniques. The Katame-no-kata is composed of pinning techniques, chokes, and joint locks. Kime-no-kata is a long kata consisting of self-defense techniques against both unarmed"
"federations have promoted another eleven who are not recognized (at that level of rank) by the Kodokan. On July 28, 2011, the promotion board of USA Judo awarded Keiko Fukuda the rank of 10th ""dan"", who was the first woman to be promoted to judo's highest level, albeit not a Kodokan-recognized rank. Although ""dan"" ranks tend to be consistent between national organizations there is more variation in the ""kyū"" grades, with some countries having more ""kyū"" grades. Although initially ""kyū"" grade belt colours were uniformly white, today a variety of colours are used. The first black belts to denote a"
"16 years old are not given dan grades, but rather ""pum"" or ""poom"" (품) or ""junior black belt"" grades. Some styles use stripes on the black belt to show which dan the practitioner holds. It is common for a system to have nine geup grades and nine dan grades. While it might only take a few months to go from one ""geup"" to the next, it can take years to go from one ""dan"" to the next. Most of the above terms are identical to those used in Japanese styles such as judo and karate, but with the Chinese characters"
"based on idealized combat applications. The applications when applied in a demonstration with real opponents is referred to as a Bunkai. The Bunkai shows how every stance and movement is used. Bunkai is a useful tool to understand a kata. To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level. The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used. Requirements for examinations vary among schools. Sparring in Karate is called kumite (組手:くみて). It literally means ""meeting of hands."" Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training. Levels of"
"organizations also use ""kyū"" and ""dan"" as measures of a person's ability. For instance, the Japan Kanji Aptitude Test which tests a person's ability to correctly read, write, and use kanji, is graded using ""kyū"". Some martial arts refer to the ""kyū"" ranks entirely in Japanese. ""Kyū"" ranks progress using a descending order system, so 1st ""kyū"" is the highest. For example, the first ""kyū"" outranks the 2nd ""kyū"". The ""Dan"" ranking system starts after 1st ""kyū"". Essentially, the ""kyū"" is the number of steps before reaching mastery whereas the ""dan"" gives steps ""into"" mastery. Pre-1st ""kyū"" and pre-2nd ""kyū"""
"of judo. This system uses colored belts (""obi"") to indicate rank. Originally, karate had only three belt colors: white, brown, and black (with ranks within each). The original belt system, still used by many Shotokan schools, is: Funakoshi awarded the first 1st ""dan"" (初段; ""shodan"") Shotokan karate ranks to Tokuda, Hironori Ōtsuka (Otsuka), Akiba, Shimizu, Hirose, Makoto Gima, and Shinyō Kasuya on 10 April 1924. Former UFC Light Heavyweight champion Lyoto Machida holds a 3rd ""dan"" black belt in Shotokan karate, while his brother Shinzo holds a 4th ""dan"" and their father Yoshizo Machida holds a 7th ""dan"" and was"
"of karate in Japan also included the adoption of the white uniform that consisted of the kimono and the ""dogi"" or ""keikogi""—mostly called just karategi—and colored belt ranks. Both of these innovations were originated and popularized by Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to modernize karate. A new form of karate called Kyokushin was formally founded in 1957 by Masutatsu Oyama (who was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui 최영의). Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan and Gōjū-ryū. It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact"
"systems. Dan ranks were transferred to martial arts by Kanō Jigorō (1860–1938), the founder of judo. Kanō started the modern rank system in 1883 when he awarded ""shodan"" (the lowest dan rank) to two of his senior students (Shiro Saigo and Tomita Tsunejirō). Prior to this, martial arts schools awarded progress with less frequent menkyo licenses or secret scrolls. There was still no external differentiation between ""yūdansha"" (black belt ranks) and ""mudansha"" (those who had not yet attained a dan grade). Different athletic departments within the Japanese school system were already using markers of rank, most notably in swimming, where"
"Dan (rank) The ranking system is used by many Japanese organizations and Korean martial arts to indicate the level of one's ability within a certain subject matter. As a ranking system, it was originally used at a go school during the Edo period. It is now also used in modern fine arts and martial arts. The system was applied to martial arts in Japan by Kanō Jigorō (1860–1938), the founder of judo, in 1883, and later introduced to other East Asian countries. In the modern Japanese martial arts, holders of dan ranks often wear a black belt; those of higher"
"coach for judo. He is known for his gripping skills and techniques. Nishioka currently teaches Judo at Los Angeles City College. On January 13, 1987, Rorion, Royler and Rickson Gracie came to Nishioka's judo school. Nishioka, at the age of 44, demonstrated to Rickson Gracie (age 28) a number of judo throws. Nishioka earned a black belt in Karate under trainer Tsutomu Oshima. He is a two-time Black Belt Hall of Fame member. He is a 9th degree black belt in judo. Nishioka is a Class A rated national coach and a Class A rated International Judo Federation referee. In"
"the body as the Kata is performed, just as clouds constantly change and transform. It consists of 48 moves. Unsū Unsu (雲手), literally ""cloud hands"", is the most advanced kata found in the Shotokan, Shito-Ryu and karate styles and is generally taught to karateka at the 3rd to 4th Dan. It contains many intricate hand techniques, such as the ippon-nukite (one finger strike) in the opening sequence. Unsu also contains a 360-degree spinning double-kick with a double-leg take down at the same time, landing on the floor face-down before continuing. Because of this, it is a very common kata in"
"(10th Dan), his assistant Shozo Awazu (9th Dan), and Minoru Mochizuki (10th Dan). Kawaishi was a student of Jigoro Kano - founder of Judo, and Mochizuki was a student of Jigoro Kano, Gichin Funakoshi and Morihei Ueshiba - founders of Shotokan Karate and Aikido respectively. In Japan, the end of the Samurai class meant that the art of JuJitsu was gradually getting lost. Dangerous techniques were taken away from JuJitsu to render Judo acceptable to the modern Japanese society. The weight of protocols left little room for evolution, but in France, far away from the sphere of influence of Japanese"
"century traditions of Takenouchi-ryū Jujitsu. Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai is the sole governing body for Shindo Jinen Ryu, and it is the only major karate organization that has never experienced an internal schism. Training within Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai stresses traditional Japanese values of discipline, consistent attendance, etiquette, and hard work. Shindo Jinen Ryu incorporates elements of karate, aikido, jujitsu, and kendo in its curriculum, and also emphasizes both philosophy and education. Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai (JKR) is the original and only governing body for Shindo Jinen Ryu. It is an international karate organization under the leadership of Yasuhiro (Takehiro) Konishi, 10th Dan,"
"Karate (1), Isshin Ryu (2), Moo Duk Kwan (1), Hung Gar (1), American Karate System (2), Kickboxing (1), Kempo (1), Wushu (1), Moo Yea Do (1), Soo Bahk Do (1), Kōga-ryū Ninjitsu Do (1) Others have taken issue with the fact that while the show declares that its contestants are ""30 of the world's best"", they seem to be very unevenly matched. Many of the competitors are only first degree blackbelts while a number are third degree and others such as Brian and Jabari are world class champions, however all contestants are amateurs. The show also strives to match fighters"
"with regard to combat. This translates also in different styles or schools of jujutsu. Because in jujutsu every conceivable technique is allowed (including biting, hair-pulling, eye-gouging, and striking the groin), there is unlimited choice of techniques. By contrast, judo emphasizes grappling and throwing, while karate emphasizes punching or kicking. Not all jujutsu was used in sporting contests, but the practical use in the samurai world ended circa 1890. Techniques like hair-pulling and eye-poking were and are not considered acceptable in sport, thus, they are excluded from judo competitions or randori. However, Judo did preserve the more lethal, dangerous techniques in"
"""sanchin"", ""tensho"", and ""suparenpai"". Students in most schools are required to know all of these kata before reaching ""sandan"". Morio Higaonna writes that ""Karate begins and ends with ""kata"". ""Kata"" is the essence and foundation of karate and it represents the accumulation of more than 1000 years of knowledge. Formed by numerous masters throughout the ages through dedicated training and research, the ""kata"" are like a map to guide us, and as such should never be changed or tampered with."" Almost all of the ""kata"" have a corresponding ""bunkai oyo"", a prearranged two-person fighting drill. These drills help the student"