"by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel. The 26 code words in the NATO phonetic alphabet are assigned to the 26 letters of the English alphabet in alphabetical order as follows: , Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, , Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion that the spelling alphabet is designed to overcome. As noted in a"
"which is used to represent the ""Y"". Dutch and Belgian armed forces use the official NATO phonetic alphabet, ""Y"" is ""Yankee"" and ""IJ"" is spelled out ""India Juliet"". In crossword puzzles (except for Scrabblesee next paragraph), and in the game Lingo, ""IJ"" is considered one letter, filling one square, but the ""IJ"" and the ""Y"" are considered distinct. In other word games, the rules may vary. The Dutch version of Scrabble has a ""Y"" with a face value of eight. Some players used it to represent ""IJ"" or ""Y"". The recent Dutch version comes with an example game, which clearly"
"Scrabble Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by placing tiles bearing a single letter onto a board divided into a 15×15 grid of squares. The tiles must form words that, in crossword fashion, read left to right in rows or downward in columns, and be included in a standard dictionary or lexicon. The name is a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States and Canada; outside these two countries it is a trademark of Mattel. The game is sold in 121 countries and is available in 29 languages; approximately 150 million sets"
"NATO phonetic alphabet The NATO phonetic alphabet, officially denoted as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and also commonly known as the ICAO phonetic alphabet, and in a variation also known officially as the ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code, is the most widely used radiotelephone spelling alphabet. Although often called ""phonetic alphabets"", spelling alphabets are unrelated to phonetic transcription systems such as the International Phonetic Alphabet. Instead, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) alphabet assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabet, so that critical combinations of letters and numbers are most likely to be pronounced and understood"
"score in the Upper Section is at least 45. In the Lower Section are seven scoring categories: One Word, Two Words (at the same turn), Three Words (at the same turn), All Consonants, All Vowels (the consonant Y is considered a vowel in this game), Yahtzee Word (a seven-letter-word), and Chance. Of course, a word has to be a valid Scrabble word before it is scored, except in the All Consonants, All Vowels and Chance categories, although the pronoun ""I"" and the indefinite article ""a"" are also considered words. Jackpot Yahtzee, which started marketing in 1980, uses dice bearing symbols"
"gives the information a serious player needs to advance to successful tournament play. There have been numerous documentaries made about the game, including: Scrabble Scrabble is a word game in which two to four players score points by placing tiles bearing a single letter onto a board divided into a 15×15 grid of squares. The tiles must form words that, in crossword fashion, read left to right in rows or downward in columns, and be included in a standard dictionary or lexicon. The name is a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the United States and Canada; outside these two countries"
"games, including crosswords, Scrabble, and ""Des chiffres et des lettres"". The two ligatures ""œ"" and ""æ"" have orthographic value. For determining alphabetical order, these ligatures are treated like the sequences ""oe"" and ""ae"". ( or ""o, e collés/liés"") This ligature is a mandatory contraction of in certain words. Some of these are native French words, with the pronunciation or , e.g., ""sœur"" ""sister"" , ""œuvre"" ""work (of art)"" . Note that it usually appears in the combination ""œu""; ""œil"" ""eye"" is an exception. Many of these words were originally written with the digraph ""eu""; the ""o"" in the ligature represents"
"just minutes after the bomb detonated. The footage can be seen at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KgKrHFuhgE. ""Able"" and ""Baker"" are the first two letters of the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, used from 1941 until 1956. ""Alpha"" and ""Bravo"" are their counterparts in the current NATO phonetic alphabet. ""Charlie"" is the third letter in both systems. According to eyewitness accounts, the time of detonation for each test was announced as H or ""How"" hour; in the official JTF-1 history, the term M or ""Mike"" hour is used instead. There were only seven nuclear bombs in existence in July 1946. The two bombs used in"
"make it available publicly. The spelling alphabet is now also defined in other unclassified international military documents. The NATO alphabet appeared in some United States Air Force Europe publications during the Cold War. A particular example was the Ramstein Air Base, Telephone Directory published between 1969 and 1973 (currently out of print). The USA and NATO versions had differences and the translation was provided as a convenience. Differences included Alfa, Bravo and Able, Baker for the first two letters. The NATO phonetic spelling alphabet was first adopted on January 1, 1956, while the ICAO radiotelephony spelling alphabet was still undergoing"
"he has played at least 4,750 tournament games, winning about 64%, and earning at least $118,000 in prize money. He is director of North American SCRABBLE Players Association Club #56, which meets on Thursday evenings in New York City. Sherman holds the record for the highest score recorded in a tournament game played with the North American lexicon, having defeated Bradley Robbins 803-285 at a tournament in Stamford, Conn., on December 9, 2011. Joel Sherman Joel Sherman (born 1962), nicknamed ""GI Joel"", is a top American Scrabble expert and former world champion. He is chronicled in Stefan Fatsis's book ""Word"
"be declared as only one letter and may not change. For example, with a rack of AEILNS? (? = blank), a player announcing that the blank was a C and announcing the words SANICLE and INLACES would receive twice the base score; their opponent could steal the word SCALENI and score the base amount for himself. Duplicate Scrabble is a form of organized tournament Scrabble popular in French-speaking countries, in which all players use the same tiles and words on their board and during each round, within a fixed time limit, have to find the highest scoring word. Players only"
"now-defunct newsletter ""Medleys."" Anamonic An anamonic is a form of mnemonic device frequently employed by tournament Scrabble players (the word anamonic is itself a portmanteau of anagram and mnemonic). It consists of a six or seven letter ""stem"" (often, but not always, an acceptable word itself), paired with a phrase in which each letter can be added to the stem and rearranged (anagrammed) to form a new word. Typical stems are sets of six or seven letters, as such anamonics aid in learning and in finding valuable seven- and eight-letter bingo (UK: ""bonus"") plays. Just as importantly, a player can"
"or higher. For example, the collective ""Checkmate"" might be assigned to an entire company and thus ""Checkmate Red 6"" would be the first platoon leader (platoons are red for first, white for second, blue for third, black for headquarters, and often additional colors for other portions under the command), ""Checkmate white 6"" to the second platoon leader, etc. ""Checkmate 6"" is the Company Commander and ""Checkmate 6 Romeo"" is the commander's radio-telephone operator (Romeo the NATO phonetic of the letter R). Under NATO conventions, 6 is designated the commander or leader, 5 the second-in-command or executive officer, 7 the chief"
"word then they score no points. If the second player reveals the same word as the first, this must be proved by showing the word to the other contestant. Finally, two word authorities (Tony Pandolfo, Lori Huggins) reveal the best word they could find from the selection, aided by the production team. The team with the most points after three rounds wins the game and goes on to the bonus round. The team has 45 seconds to solve seven scrambled words (four, five, six, seven, seven, eight and nine letters long). All words had something in common, like ""At the"
"the case: for example, TRAINER(S) played at 1A (with the T on the TWS) without forming additional words scores formula_1 points. These facts are according to the SOWPODS lexicon as amended in 2006. Bingo (Scrabble) Bingo is a slang term used in Scrabble for a play using all seven of the player's tiles. A player who does this receives 50 points in addition to what the word would normally score. Mattel, the game's manufacturer in the United Kingdom, uses the term bonus to describe such a word. In French, it is called a ""scrabble"". Bingos are an important part of"
"the letters ""B"", ""E"", ""N"", ""O"", ""P"", ""S"", and ""U"". The letter ""C"" was reduced in value to 5 and the ""X"" was increased to 10: Circa 1961, the hyphen was dropped from the game's name, and the original Swedish distribution of the game had been restored. Sometime later, produced under BRIO's subsidiary, Joker, the number of ""T""s in the set were reduced by one and an 8-point ""Z"" tile was added. In 2002, under the ownership of Mattel and its brand name Scrabble, the Swedish language set tile values of the ""C"" and ""Z"" were changed, respectively, to 8"
"in American, Canadian, Israeli and Thai club and tournament play on March 1, 2006 (or, for school use, the bowdlerized ""Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, Fifth Edition"" (OSPD5)). North American competitions use the ""Long Words List"" for longer words. The OWL2 and the OSPD5 are compiled using four (originally five) major college-level dictionaries, including Merriam-Webster (10th and 11th editions, respectively). If a word appears, at least historically, in any one of the dictionaries, it will be included in the OWL2 and the OSPD5. If the word has only an offensive meaning, it is only included in the OWL2. The key difference"
"word LAVA would score . The hierarchy of letters is similar to that of Scrabble; Q and Z are the highest-scoring tiles (each 10) followed by X and J (each 8) and so on, the most notable variance is that here L is worth five as opposed to just one in Scrabble. The player starts with two minutes to find as many words as he can; if he manages to use Q, Z, X, or J in any word he is awarded a further 10 seconds. After each successful entry the letters used are discarded with the matrix replacing those"
"Bingo (Scrabble) Bingo is a slang term used in Scrabble for a play using all seven of the player's tiles. A player who does this receives 50 points in addition to what the word would normally score. Mattel, the game's manufacturer in the United Kingdom, uses the term bonus to describe such a word. In French, it is called a ""scrabble"". Bingos are an important part of achieving high scores in Scrabble. While many beginners rarely play even one during a game, experts frequently score three or more. Much advanced strategy revolves around maximizing one's chance of playing of a"
"a modified form of the ""International Code of Signals"". Because the latter allows messages to be spelled via flags or Morse code, it naturally named the code words used to spell out messages by ""voice"" its ""phonetic alphabet"". The name ""NATO phonetic alphabet"" became widespread because the signals used to facilitate the naval communications and tactics of NATO have become global. However, ATP-1 is marked ""NATO Confidential"" (or the lower ""NATO Restricted"") so it is not available publicly. Nevertheless, a NATO unclassified version of the document is provided to foreign, even hostile, militaries, even though they are not allowed to"
"Anamonic An anamonic is a form of mnemonic device frequently employed by tournament Scrabble players (the word anamonic is itself a portmanteau of anagram and mnemonic). It consists of a six or seven letter ""stem"" (often, but not always, an acceptable word itself), paired with a phrase in which each letter can be added to the stem and rearranged (anagrammed) to form a new word. Typical stems are sets of six or seven letters, as such anamonics aid in learning and in finding valuable seven- and eight-letter bingo (UK: ""bonus"") plays. Just as importantly, a player can quickly verify that"
"Stern, is ""Making words, building friendships."" NASPA has organized the annual National Scrabble Championship (NSC) since 2009, most recently the one in New Orleans, Louisiana in August 2017. In 2015 the championship was renamed the North American Scrabble Championship (NASC). Its Dictionary Committee edits the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary and the Official Tournament and Club Word List. Its Rules Committee edits the official Scrabble tournament rules. Its Rating and Recognition Committee maintains the official rating system. Its Tournament Committee maintains a calendar of hundreds of officially sanctioned tournaments each year, and is a disciplinary body for players and directors. Its"
"cells and peculiar rules. In one variation of ""Scrabble"", blanks score points corresponding to the letters the blanks are used to represent. For example, if one played blank to represent a Z, it would get ten; a blank to represent a V or an H would get four; a blank to represent a D would get 2 and blank to represent a T, N, L, S or R or any of the vowels would get one. Popular among tournament Scrabble players is ""Clabbers"". In Clabbers, any move that consists of anagrams of allowable words is allowed. For example, because ETAERIO"
"two parts: The first four digits are the NATO Supply Classification Group (NSCG) code. This relates the item to the NATO Supply Group (digits 1 & 2) and NATO Supply Class (digits 3 & 4) of similar items that it belongs to. For examples, see ""List of NATO Supply Classification Groups"". The next 9 digits make up the National Item Identification Number / NATO Item Identification Number (NIIN). The NIIN has lately become alphanumeric (digits and uppercase letters) due to the vast array of items in the NSN, recently adopting the use of the uppercase letter C in place of"
"underlined syllable of each letter word should be emphasized, and each syllable of the code words for the figures (1969–Present) should be equally emphasized. The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications. The ITU-R Radiotelephony Alphabet is used by the International Maritime Organization for international marine communications. NATO phonetic alphabet The NATO phonetic alphabet, officially denoted as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, and also commonly known as the ICAO phonetic alphabet, and in a variation also known officially as the ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code, is the most widely used radiotelephone"
"Nbd2 Be7 10. c3 Nc5 11. Bc2 d4 12. cxd4 Nxd4 13. Nxd4 Qxd4 14. Nf3 Qxd1 15. Rxd1 O-O 16. Be3 Rfd8 17. Rdc1 h6 18. Nd4 Bd5 19. Bd1 Nd3 20. Rxc7 Bf8 21. e6 fxe6 22. Bg4 Re8 23. b3 Bd6 24. Rc2 Ne5 25. Be2 Be4 26. Rd2 Bb4 27. Rdd1 Bd5 28. Rac1 Rac8 29. h4 Ba3 30. Rc2 Rxc2 31. Nxc2 Be7 32. h5 Rc8 33. Nd4 Kf7 34. f3 Bf6 35. Kf2 Rc3 36. f4 Nd7 37. Bd3 Ke7 38. Bb1 Bh4+ 39. Ke2 Bf6 40. g4 Bxd4 41. Bxd4 Rh3 42. Rc1"
"(given in the Rust Hills article) is as follows: A variant with 220 letters: The distribution of 180 letters for ""Scrabble Scoring Anagrams"" (according to a review on funagain.com): Anagrams Anagrams (also known as Pirate Scrabble, Anagram, Snatch, Word Making and Taking and Grabscrab) is a tile-based word game that involves rearranging letter tiles to form words. The game pieces consist of a set of tiles with letters on them. Tiles are turned over one by one, and players form words by combining unused tiles with existing words, their own or others'. The game has never been standardized and there"
"words. The higher the stack of letters, the more points are scored. This typically makes words built in later turns of the game more valuable than earlier words, increasing play intensity and adding a level of strategy unique to ""Upwords"". The memorization of two-letter words is considered a useful skill in this game. Unlike ""Scrabble"", which is manufactured in the U.S. and Canada by Hasbro, and elsewhere in the world by Mattel, ""Upwords"" is solely controlled by Hasbro worldwide. The game is available in about twenty languages, and there have been national tournaments played in Hungary and Turkey. Players draw"
"National School Scrabble Championship The National School Scrabble Championship, now called the North American School SCRABBLE® Championship, is a Scrabble tournament for 3rd-8th graders held annually in North America since 2003. In 2018, 3rd graders were allowed to compete for the first time; prior to 2012, 5th graders were the youngest grade allowed to compete. The School Scrabble Championship uses the SSWL dictionary, which has offensive words such as ""lez"" or ""jew"" omitted. The competition is tournament Scrabble play, in which teams of two play for 25 minutes with digital timers similar to those used in the board game of"
"been known as Scrabble in Sweden. Alfapet is now another crossword game, created by the owners of the name Alfapet. A Russian version is called ""Erudit"". Versions have been prepared for Dakotah, Haitian Creole, Dakelh (Carrier language), and Tuvan. For languages with digraphs counted as single letters, such as Welsh and Hungarian, the game features separate tiles for those digraphs. An Irish language version of Scrabble was published by Glór na nGael in 2010. The previous year the same organisation published the Junior version of the game and two years later it republished Junior Scrabble using a two-sided (and two"
"who had earlier that year scored a record 749 points in one game, came second two consecutive years. National School Scrabble Championship The National School Scrabble Championship, now called the North American School SCRABBLE® Championship, is a Scrabble tournament for 3rd-8th graders held annually in North America since 2003. In 2018, 3rd graders were allowed to compete for the first time; prior to 2012, 5th graders were the youngest grade allowed to compete. The School Scrabble Championship uses the SSWL dictionary, which has offensive words such as ""lez"" or ""jew"" omitted. The competition is tournament Scrabble play, in which teams"
"of Scrabble the company also produced the first Afrikaans language version of the game under the name Krabbel, a Afrikaans translation of ""Scrabble"". This language set of the game had the following 100 tiles: Absent in both the original and standard set of Afrikaans are the letters ""C"", ""Q"", ""X"", and ""Z"". The infrequent ""X"" and ""Z"" may still be represented by the use of a blank, yet the letters ""C"" and ""Q"", not used in Afrikaans but only in a few loanwords, may not be. The Anglo-Saxon editions use these 101 tiles: Anglo-Saxon uses the letter ""K"", but it"
"correspond to points. Each side of every die is printed like a Scrabble tile with a letter and small subscripted number on the lower right corner. One side of one die is marked with a diamond, which acts like the blank tile in Scrabble (can represent any letter, but will have no value). The corresponding scoresheet, like the parent game, has an Upper and Lower Section. In the Upper Section, points are scored and marked for two- to six-letter words, with each word determined by the point values of its letters. The player is awarded 35 points if the total"