"of visual areas in cats and monkeys, and provided physiological evidence for the critical period for the development of disparity sensitivity in vision (i.e.: the main cue for depth perception), and were awarded a Nobel Prize for their work. In 1996 Dolly the sheep was born, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. The process by which Dolly the sheep was cloned utilized a process known as nuclear transfer applied by lead scientist Ian Wilmut. Although other scientists were not immediately able to replicate the experiment, Wilmut argued that the experiment was indeed repeatable, given a timeframe"
"the first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep in 1996 using the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique, 23 mammalian species have been successfully cloned, including cattle, cats, dogs, horses and rats. Using this technique for primates had never been successful and no pregnancy had lasted more than 80 days. The main difficulty was likely the proper programming of the transferred nuclei to support the growth of the embryo. Tetra (born October 1999), a female rhesus macaque, was created by a team led by Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center using a different technique, called ""embryo splitting"". She"
"Polly and Molly Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there was no genetic modification carried out on the adult donor nucleus. Polly and Molly, like Dolly the Sheep, were cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. The creation of Polly and Molly built on the somatic nuclear transfer experiments that led to"
"Megan and Morag Megan and Morag, two domestic sheep, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from differentiated cells. They are not to be confused with Dolly the sheep which was the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell or Polly the sheep which was the first cloned and transgenic animal. Megan and Morag, like Dolly and Polly, were cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1995. The team at the Roslin Institute were seeking a way to modify the genetic constitution of sheep and cattle more effectively than the hit and"
"Cumulina Cumulina (October 3, 1997-May 5, 2000), a mouse, was the first animal cloned from adult cells that survived to adulthood. She was cloned using the Honolulu technique developed by the Ryuzo Yanagimachi research group, 'Team Yana', at the former campus of the John A. Burns School of Medicine located at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. She was a brown ""Mus musculus"" or common house mouse. Cumulina was named after the cumulus cells surrounding the developing oocyte in the ovarian follicle in mice. Nuclei from these cells were put into egg cell devoid of their original nuclei in the"
"year, the team produced another rhesus macaque, named Andi, who was the first genetically modified monkey. The egg that was used had been modified to include the jellyfish gene to make cells glow under a special microscope. Tetra (monkey) Tetra (born October 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called ""embryo splitting"". She is the first ""cloned"" primate by artificial twinning, and was created by a team led by Professor Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center. Nonetheless, in January 2018, scientists in China reported in the journal ""Cell"" the creation of two"
"Tetra (monkey) Tetra (born October 1999) is a rhesus macaque that was created through a cloning technique called ""embryo splitting"". She is the first ""cloned"" primate by artificial twinning, and was created by a team led by Professor Gerald Schatten of the Oregon National Primate Research Center. Nonetheless, in January 2018, scientists in China reported in the journal ""Cell"" the creation of two crab-eating macaque monkey clones, named ""Zhong Zhong"" and ""Hua Hua"", using the complex DNA transfer method that produced ""Dolly"" the sheep, for the first time. Tetra was created using embryo splitting, a process where the cells in"
"Xiangzhong Yang Professor Xiangzhong ""Jerry"" Yang () (July 1959 – 5 February 2009) was a leading American biotechnology scientist, and stem cell research advocate. In 1999 he was credited with creating the first cloned farm animal in the United States – a cow called ""Amy"". Born (July 31, 1959) and raised in Wei County, Hebei, China, Yang attended Beijing Agricultural University (currently China Agricultural University). Upon graduation, he took the entrance exam for graduate study and ranked number one among all applicants in his field. He was therefore awarded a prestigious scholarship from the Ministry of Agriculture to study in"
"Steen Willadsen Steen Malte Willadsen (born 1943 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a scientist credited with being the first to clone a mammal using nuclear transfer. Willadsen graduated from the Royal Veterinary College of Copenhagen (1969), and received a PhD in reproductive physiology from there (1973). In 1984, at the British Agricultural Research Council's Institute of Animal Physiology, Cambridge, he successfully used cells from early embryos to clone sheep by nuclear transfer. The procedure he developed was essentially the one used a decade later by Wilmut et al. to produce Dolly, the sheep, although in the latter case, nuclei from a"
"Snuppy Snuppy (Korean: 스너피 a portmanteau of ""SNU"" and ""puppy""; April 24, 2005–May 2015) was an Afghan hound, credited with being the world's first cloned dog. The puppy was created using a cell from an ear from an adult Afghan hound and involved 123 surrogate mothers, of which only three produced pups (Snuppy being the sole survivor). The Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology at Seoul National University, which cloned Snuppy, was led by Woo Suk Hwang. Snuppy has since been used in the first known successful breeding between cloned canines, after his sperm was used to artificially inseminate two cloned"
"mature sheep, i.e. not from sheep embryos, were used. Prior to the nuclear transfer experiments, Willadsen had developed methods for freezing sheep and cow embryos, and embryo manipulation methods for producing genetically identical animals, primarily identical twins in sheep, cattle, pigs, and horses, and for producing mammalian chimaeras, including interspecies chimaeras. Steen Willadsen Steen Malte Willadsen (born 1943 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a scientist credited with being the first to clone a mammal using nuclear transfer. Willadsen graduated from the Royal Veterinary College of Copenhagen (1969), and received a PhD in reproductive physiology from there (1973). In 1984, at the"
"day. Wilmut, who led the team that created Dolly, announced in 2007 that the nuclear transfer technique may never be sufficiently efficient for use in humans. Cloning may have uses in preserving endangered species and may become a viable tool for reviving extinct species. In January 2009, scientists from the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, in northern Spain announced the cloning of the Pyrenean ibex, a form of wild mountain goat, which was officially declared extinct in 2000. Although the newborn ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs, it is the first"
"Gordon Woods Gordon Woods (July 14, 1952 – August 20, 2009) was an American veterinary scientist who co-created Idaho Gem, the world's first cloned mule. Idaho Gem was the first clone born in the horse family. Woods was raised in northern Idaho. He obtained his bachelor's degree from the University of Idaho. Woods received a doctorate of veterinary medicine from Colorado State University. He later obtained a second doctorate in reproductive biology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Woods first taught veterinary medicine at Cornell University. Woods founded the Northwest Equine Reproduction Laboratory in Idaho in 1986. He moved to Washington"
"species using the same method for producing Dolly was reported in January 2018. Two identical clones of a macaque monkey, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, were created by researchers in China and were born in late 2017. Dolly (sheep) Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh. The funding"
"Dewey (deer) Dewey is the first cloned deer and was born on May 23, 2003. Specifically, he is a White-tailed Deer, or ""Odocoileus virginianus"", and was cloned from a dead buck by the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Dewey currently lives a happy life in College Station, TX. Dewey was born on May 23, 2003. A DNA analysis proved that he was genetically identical to the donor, a buck that scored a 232 on the Boone and Crockett scale. He was cloned from tissue harvested from the skin cells of the hunted deer. Researchers at Texas A&M are"
"studying his antler growth as well as following his offspring to measure their antler growth. Dewey (deer) Dewey is the first cloned deer and was born on May 23, 2003. Specifically, he is a White-tailed Deer, or ""Odocoileus virginianus"", and was cloned from a dead buck by the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Dewey currently lives a happy life in College Station, TX. Dewey was born on May 23, 2003. A DNA analysis proved that he was genetically identical to the donor, a buck that scored a 232 on the Boone and Crockett scale. He was cloned from"
"using molecular paleontology techniques. This was first accomplished via cloning in 2003 with the Pyrenean ibex, a type of wild goat that became extinct in 2000. Nuclei from the Pyrenean ibex's cells were injected into goat eggs emptied of their own DNA, and implanted into surrogate goat mothers. The offspring lived only seven minutes after birth, due to defects in its lungs. Other cloned animals have been observed to have similar lung defects. There are many species that have gone extinct as a direct result of human activity. Some examples include the dodo, the great auk, the Tasmanian tiger, the"
"George Streisinger George Streisinger (December 27, 1927 – August 11, 1984) was a Jewish-Hungarian molecular biologist at the University of Oregon. He was the first person to clone a vertebrate, cloning zebra fish in his University of Oregon laboratory. He also pioneered work in the genetics of the T-even bacterial viruses. In 1972, along with William Franklin Dove he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship award, and in 1975 he was selected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the second Oregonian to receive the distinction. The University of Oregon's Institute of Molecular Biology named their main building ""Streisinger"
"Dolly (sheep) Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. Dolly was cloned by Keith Campbell, Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute, part of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the biotechnology company PPL Therapeutics, based near Edinburgh. The funding for Dolly's cloning was provided by PPL Therapeutics and the Ministry of Agriculture. She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not"
"shows significant improvement using cryoconservation. The best current cloning techniques have an average success rate of 9.4 percent, when working with familiar species such as mice, while cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful. In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo. These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species. Anticipating this possibility,"
"first to clone an endangered species (a Gaur), and in 2003, he cloned an endangered wild ox (a Banteng) from the frozen skin cells of an animal that had died at the San Diego Zoo nearly a quarter-of-a-century earlier. Lanza and his colleagues were the first to demonstrate that nuclear transplantation could be used to reverse the aging process and to generate immune-compatible tissues, including the first organ grown in the laboratory from cloned cells. Lanza showed that it is feasible to generate functional oxygen-carrying red blood cells from human embryonic stem cells under conditions suitable for clinical scale-up. The"
"extracts fully support DNA replication and other related processes in a cell-free environment which allows easier manipulation. The first vertebrate ever to be cloned was an African clawed frog, an experiment for which Sir John Gurdon was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 ""for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"". Additionally, several African clawed frogs were present on the Space Shuttle Endeavour (which was launched into space on September 12, 1992) so that scientists could test whether reproduction and development could occur normally in zero gravity. ""X. laevis"" is also notable for"
"world's rarest and most endangered species. In 2001, a cow named Bessie gave birth to a cloned Asian gaur, an endangered species, but the calf died after two days. In 2003, a banteng was successfully cloned, followed by three African wildcats from a thawed frozen embryo. These successes provided hope that similar techniques (using surrogate mothers of another species) might be used to clone extinct species. Anticipating this possibility, tissue samples from the last ""bucardo"" (Pyrenean ibex) were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after it died in 2000. Researchers are also considering cloning endangered species such as the giant panda"
"Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua Zhong Zhong (, born 27 November 2017) and Hua Hua (, born 5 December 2017) are a pair of identical crab-eating macaques (also referred to as cynomolgus monkeys) that were created through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996. They are the first cloned primates produced by this technique. Unlike previous attempts to clone monkeys, the donated nuclei came from fetal cells, not embryonic cells. The primates were both born at the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai. Since scientists produced"
"Honolulu cloning technique. All other mice produced by the Yanagimachi lab are just known by a number. Cumulina was able to produce two healthy litters. She was retired after the second. Cumulina's preserved remains can be visited at the Institute for Biogenesis Research, a part of the John A. Burns School of Medicine laboratory, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Some of her descendants have been displayed at the Bishop Museum and the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois. Cumulina Cumulina (October 3, 1997-May 5, 2000), a mouse, was the first animal cloned from adult cells that survived to adulthood. She"
"was cloned, at the Centre of Food Technology and Research of Aragon, using the preserved frozen cell nucleus of the skin samples from 2001 and domestic goat egg-cells. The ibex died shortly after birth due to physical defects in its lungs. One of the most anticipated targets for cloning was once the woolly mammoth, but attempts to extract DNA from frozen mammoths have been unsuccessful, though a joint Russo-Japanese team is currently working toward this goal. In January 2011, it was reported by Yomiuri Shimbun that a team of scientists headed by Akira Iritani of Kyoto University had built upon"
"a process known as pharming, would provide a source of this therapeutic protein that would reduce the cost and also would be free of potential infectious risk associated with the current source of this protein (human blood). Polly and Molly Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there was no genetic modification carried out"
"banteng is an endangered species that was successfully cloned, and the first to survive for more than a week (the first was a gaur that died two days after being born). Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States extracted DNA from banteng cells kept in the San Diego Zoo's ""Frozen Zoo"" facility, and transferred it into eggs from domestic cattle, a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Thirty hybrid embryos were created and sent to Trans Ova Genetics, which implanted the fertilized eggs in domestic cattle. Two were carried to term and delivered by Caesarian section. The"
"Woods departed the University of Idaho in 2007 and joined the faculty of Colorado State University. He became a professor in the school's College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Gordon Woods died unexpectedly at the Medical Center of the Rockies in Loveland, Colorado, at the age of 57. He was survived by his wife, Shauna, whom he had been married to for 37 years, four children, six grandchildren and his mother. Gordon Woods Gordon Woods (July 14, 1952 – August 20, 2009) was an American veterinary scientist who co-created Idaho Gem, the world's first cloned mule. Idaho Gem was"
"of the millions of animals euthanized each year. The cat showed was reported to have health problems during his life, even if they were not clearly related to the cloning process. Little Nicky (cat) Little Nicky (born October 17, 2004) is the first commercially produced cat clone. He was produced from the DNA of a 19-year-old Maine Coon cat named Nicky who died in 2003. Little Nicky's owner, a north Texas woman named Julie (whose last name was not released) paid $50,000 to have Nicky cloned. The cloning operation was performed by the California-based company Genetic Savings & Clone, which"
"CC (cat) CC, for ""CopyCat"" ""or"" ""Carbon Copy"" (born December 22, 2001), is a brown tabby and white domestic shorthair and the first cloned pet. She was cloned by scientists at Texas A&M University. CC's surrogate mother was a tabby, but her genetic donor, Rainbow, was a calico domestic shorthair. The difference in hair coloration between CC and Rainbow is due to epigenetic re-programming, which normally occurs in a fertilised embryo before implantation. In September 2006, CC gave birth to four live kittens. The litter was fathered naturally. It included two males named Tim and Zip and one female named"
"the embryo are split at the eight–cell stage to create four identical two cell embryos. This was the first time this technique had proven successful in monkeys, although it is often used in cattle. She was the first primate to have been cloned using this ""splitting"" technique. The first non-human primate derived from nuclear transfer was created in 1997 using a different technique for ""cloning"". Only two of the four embryos survived to a sufficient stage in which they could be implanted into surrogates, and Tetra was the only one to be delivered successfully after 157 days. The announcement of"
"have him trained for gymkhana events. The mule was reported to be in good health. Idaho Gem The mule Idaho Gem (born May 4, 2003) is the first cloned equine and first cloned mule. He is the result of the collaboration of Dr. Gordon Woods and Dr. Dirk Vanderwall of the Northwest Equine Reproduction Laboratory at the University of Idaho and Dr. Ken White of Utah State University. Two more healthy mule clones were born in succeeding months as a result of Project Idaho, Utah Pioneer on June 9, and Idaho Star on July 27. The project was largely financed"