"galaxy EGS-zs8-1 is the most distant and earliest galaxy measured, forming 670 million years after the Big Bang. The light from EGS-zs8-1 has taken 13 billion years to reach Earth, and is now 30 billion light-years away, because of the expansion of the universe during 13 billion years. The detailed process by which early galaxies formed is an open question in astrophysics. Theories can be divided into two categories: top-down and bottom-up. In top-down correlations (such as the Eggen–Lynden-Bell–Sandage [ELS] model), protogalaxies form in a large-scale simultaneous collapse lasting about one hundred million years. In bottom-up theories (such as the"
"UDF 423 UDF 423 is the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) identifier for a distant spiral galaxy. With an apparent magnitude of 20, UDF 423 is one of the brightest galaxies in the HUDF and also has one of the largest apparent sizes in the HUDF. The ""distance"" of a far away galaxy depends on how it is measured. With a redshift of 1, light from this galaxy is estimated to have taken around 7.7 billion years to reach Earth. However, since this galaxy is receding from Earth, the present comoving distance is estimated to be around 10 billion light-years"
"EGSY8p7 EGSY8p7 (EGSY-2008532660) is a distant galaxy, with a spectroscopic redshift of ""z"" = 8.68 (photometric redshift 8.57), a light travel distance of 13.2 billion light-years from Earth. Therefore, at an age of 13.2 billion years, it is observed as it existed 570 million years after the Big Bang, which occurred 13.8 billion years ago, using the W. M. Keck Observatory. In July 2015, EGSY8p7 was announced as the oldest and most-distant known object, surpassing the previous record holder, EGS-zs8-1, which was determined in May 2015 as the oldest and most distant object. In March 2016, Pascal Oesch, one of"
"away. In context, Hubble is observing this galaxy as it appeared when the Universe was around 5.9 billion years old. UDF 423 UDF 423 is the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) identifier for a distant spiral galaxy. With an apparent magnitude of 20, UDF 423 is one of the brightest galaxies in the HUDF and also has one of the largest apparent sizes in the HUDF. The ""distance"" of a far away galaxy depends on how it is measured. With a redshift of 1, light from this galaxy is estimated to have taken around 7.7 billion years to reach Earth."
"HUDF-JD2 HUDF-JD2 (UDF 033238.7 -274839.8 or BBG 3179) is a distant, massive, post-starburst galaxy that was discovered with the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) image. It was the most distant galaxy identified in the HUDF, in 2005. It is located at in the constellation of Fornax. In a 2005 search for very red galaxies in the HUDF that were not detected at wavelengths shorter than the near-infrared J band, two objects were detected. The second, initially designated UDF033238.7-274839.8, displayed a high redshift and showed characteristics of a post-starburst galaxy. The derived photometric redshift yielded ""z"" approximately equal to 6.5, which"
"PKS1353-341 PKS1353-341 is a galaxy cluster located 2.4 billion light years away. It was previously believed to be a single quasar, but on June 14, 2018 it was confirmed to be a massive galaxy cluster. PKS1353-341 is estimated to have a total mass of 690 trillion solar masses, making it over 1000 times as massive as the Milky Way. Its central galaxy is an extremely bright quasar at a luminosity 46 billion times that of the Sun. This brightness is produced by a superheated disk of matter circling the supermassive black hole at the center of the central galaxy. PKS1353-341"
"cloud sources closer to Earth, according to the standard cosmological model. A possible explanation for the detection would be that reionization progressed in a ""patchy"" manner, rather than homogeneously throughout the universe, creating patches where the EGSY8p7 hydrogen Lyman-alpha emissions could travel to Earth, because there were no neutral hydrogen clouds to absorb the emissions. EGSY8p7 EGSY8p7 (EGSY-2008532660) is a distant galaxy, with a spectroscopic redshift of ""z"" = 8.68 (photometric redshift 8.57), a light travel distance of 13.2 billion light-years from Earth. Therefore, at an age of 13.2 billion years, it is observed as it existed 570 million years"
"Abell 1835 IR1916) have higher redshifts (and therefore are seen in an earlier stage of the Universe's evolution), IOK-1's age and composition have been more reliably established. In December 2012, astronomers reported that UDFj-39546284 is the most distant object known and has a redshift value of 11.9. The object, estimated to have existed around ""380 million years"" after the Big Bang (which was about 13.8 billion years ago), is about 13.42 billion light travel distance years away. The existence of such early protogalaxies suggests that they must have grown in the so-called ""dark ages"". As of May 5, 2015, the"
"the universe. The team of scientists spent years searching the UKIDSS for a quasar whose redshift was higher than 6.5. ULAS J1120+0641 is even farther away than they hoped for, with a redshift greater than 7. UKIDSS is a near infrared photometric survey, so the original discovery was only a photometric redshift of z>6.5 . Before announcing their discovery, the team used spectroscopy on the Gemini North Telescope and the Very Large Telescope to obtain a spectroscopic redshift of . ULAS J1120+0641 has a measured redshift of 7.085, which corresponds to a comoving distance of 28.85 billion light-years from Earth."
"has apparent magnitude +4.05 and belongs to the spectral class F7V. It is approximately 47 light years from Earth. From about 4300 BC until 3942 BC, it was the closest star to the celestial north pole visible to the naked eye, although it was still too dim to be regarded as a pole star. There is a nearby 11th magnitude optical companion star about 70 arcseconds away. This is a class M2.5 dwarf that is separated by a minimum of 1,000 AUs. It is uncertain whether they are gravitationally bound, but they do have a common motion through space and"
"was found in the HerMES campaign, which also found other very red sources. HFLS3 HFLS3 is the name for a distant galaxy, located at ""z ="" 6.34, originating about 880 million years after the Big Bang. Its discovery was announced on 18 April 2013 as an exceptional starburst galaxy producing nearly 3,000 solar masses of stars a year. It was found by using the far infrared capable Herschel Space Telescope. The galaxy was estimated to have 35 billion stars. It is 10–30 times the mass of other known galaxies at such an early time in the Universe. HFLS3 was subjected"
"HFLS3 HFLS3 is the name for a distant galaxy, located at ""z ="" 6.34, originating about 880 million years after the Big Bang. Its discovery was announced on 18 April 2013 as an exceptional starburst galaxy producing nearly 3,000 solar masses of stars a year. It was found by using the far infrared capable Herschel Space Telescope. The galaxy was estimated to have 35 billion stars. It is 10–30 times the mass of other known galaxies at such an early time in the Universe. HFLS3 was subjected to a follow-up campaign by other telescopes due to its high redness. HFLS3"
"(523643) 2010 TY53 , provisional designation "" is a trans-Neptunian object and centaur located in the outermost region of the Solar System. With an absolute magnitude of 5.7, it approximately measures in diameter. It was discovered on 4 August 2010 by the Pan-STARRS-1 survey at the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. According to American astronomer Michael Brown, it is ""possibly"" a dwarf planet. "" orbits the Sun at a distance of 21.1–56.6 AU once every 241 years and 11 months (88,365 days; semi-major axis of 38.83 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.46 and an inclination of"
"7 and 12). Several galaxies in the HUDF are candidates, based on photometric redshifts, to be amongst the most distant astronomical objects. The red dwarf UDF 2457 at distance of 59,000 light-years is the furthest star resolved by the HUDF. The star near the center of the field is USNO-A2.0 0600-01400432 with apparent magnitude of 18.95. The field imaged by the ACS contains over 10,000 objects, the majority of which are galaxies, many at redshifts greater than 3, and some that probably have redshifts between 6 and 7. The NICMOS measurements may have discovered galaxies at redshifts up to 12."
"NGC 3941 NGC 3941 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 40 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3941 is about 40,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1787. The galaxy has a counterrotating extended gas disk, which was possibly formed by a galaxy merger of accretion of gas with oppositely directed angular momentum. The disk has low velocity dispersion throughout, which suggests it has settled into equilibrium. The gas is found primarily in two rings. The"
"XMMXCS 2215-1738 XMMXCS 2215-1738 is a galaxy cluster that lies 10 billion light-years away and has a redshift value of z=1.45. It was discovered by the XMM Cluster Survey in 2006. Discovered in 2006, XMMXCS 2215-1738 is one of the most distant galaxy clusters known. It is embedded in intergalactic gas that has a temperature of 10 million degrees. The estimated mass of the cluster is 500 trillion solar masses. The cluster was discovered and studied using the XMM Newton and Keck Telescopes. The cluster is surprisingly large and evolved for a cluster that existed when the universe was only"
"about 1 billion light years wide, making it one of the largest and most exotic cosmic structures known in the observable universe. It was named U1.28 because of its average redshift of 1.28, and is located in the constellation of Leo. It was also notable because it is located in the ecliptic, the line where the Sun seems to travel in the entire year. It was 1.8 billion light-years away from the Huge-LQG, a group of 73 quasars discovered in 2012. Its proximity to the Huge-LQG has attracted the attention of scientists. First, because it was very close to the"
"(BUCS), which can simulate arbitrary galaxy fields and calculate any galaxy observables. Throughout his career, he has broken the record for discovering the most distant galaxy in the universe, including three sources in 2015-2016 with record-breaking spectroscopic redshift measurements at z=7.73 (see EGS-zs8-1), z=8.68 (see EGSY8p7), and z=11.1 (see GN-z11).. In a 2011 Nature paper, his team discovered a galaxy UDFj-39546284 with a photometric redshift of ~10 and was immediately heralded as the most distant source known in the universe.. It was later estimated to have a redshift of 11.9.. In 2013, he was awarded the Pastoor Schmeitsprijs voor de"
"UGC 8335 UGC 8335 (Arp 238) is a pair of strongly interacting spiral galaxies. They have been distorted by extreme tidal forces, creating prominent tidal tails and a bridge of gas and stars between the galaxies. UGC 8335 is about 400 million light-years from Earth, in the constellation Ursa Major. It is the 238th object in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. On April 25, 2012, Supernova 2012 by was discovered in UGC 8335 by Doug Rich. At the time of discovery, the supernova had a magnitude of 17.6. A peak magnitude measurement of 17.3 was recorded two days later,"
"and XMMXCS 2215-1738 is not known. However, XMMXCS 2215-1738 seems to be the more accurate. XMMXCS 2215-1738 XMMXCS 2215-1738 is a galaxy cluster that lies 10 billion light-years away and has a redshift value of z=1.45. It was discovered by the XMM Cluster Survey in 2006. Discovered in 2006, XMMXCS 2215-1738 is one of the most distant galaxy clusters known. It is embedded in intergalactic gas that has a temperature of 10 million degrees. The estimated mass of the cluster is 500 trillion solar masses. The cluster was discovered and studied using the XMM Newton and Keck Telescopes. The cluster"
"is the first discovery of the CHiPS (Clusters Hiding in Plain Sight) Survey, which analyzed data from the 2MASS, NVSS, ROSAT, SUMSS, and WISE all-sky surveys in order to find powerful sources of infrared, radio, and X-ray light. It aims to discover new galaxy clusters that were previously misidentified as isolated sources of X-ray light due to the central quasar's brightness. PKS1353-341 PKS1353-341 is a galaxy cluster located 2.4 billion light years away. It was previously believed to be a single quasar, but on June 14, 2018 it was confirmed to be a massive galaxy cluster. PKS1353-341 is estimated to"
"2MASS J18352154-3123385 2MASS J18352154-3123385, shortened 2MASS J1835, is a binary Red dwarf system about 27 light years from the Earth. It was first reported due to its high proper motion in 2010 by J. D. Kirkpatrick et al. It was then independently discovered from its X-ray radiation on June 10, 2015. Further investigation has shown the star to be a binary star with components of spectral type M6.5 and M8. They orbit each other in 1,400-1,800 years, and reached their closest point in mid-1968 assuming a constant proper motion. During their closest approach, they were separated by less than 0.1"
"distance measurement you use. With a redshift of 5.34, light from this galaxy is estimated to have taken around 12.5 billion years to reach us. But since this galaxy is receding from Earth, the present comoving distance is estimated to be around 26 billion light-years. RD1 RD1 or 0140+326 RD1 is a distant galaxy, it once held the title of most distant galaxy known. RD1 was discovered in March 1998, and is at ""z"" = 5.34, and was the first object found to exceed redshift 5. It bested the previous recordholders, a pair of galaxies at z=4.92 lensed by the"
"under moderately light-polluted skies, about 10 degrees east of the Andromeda Galaxy. The Catalog of Components of Double and Multiple Stars and Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS) both list two companion stars: magnitude 12.6 UCAC3 263-13722 110"" away, listed as component B; and magnitude 10.3 F2 star TYC 2822-2067-1 280"" away, listed as component C. A fainter and closer star discovered in 2002, is confusingly referred to in the discovery paper as υ Andromedae B even though that designation is also used for a different companion. This 13th magnitude red dwarf is 55"" from υ Andromedae A and is believed"
"NGC 3893 NGC 3893 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3893 is about 70,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel οn February 9, 1788. NGC 3893 interacts with its satellite, NGC 3896. NGC 3893 is a grand design spiral galaxy. It has two main arms, with high surface brightness and numerous HII regions. A faint spiral arm extends from the south to the north side making an arc on the east"
"(pec?). WISE 1405+5534 WISE 1405+5534 (full designation WISEPC J140518.40+553421.4) is a brown dwarf of spectral class Y0 (pec?), located in constellation Ursa Major at approximately 25.3 light-years from Earth. It is one of the Sun's nearest neighbors. WISE 1405+5534 was discovered in 2011 from data collected by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in the infrared at a wavelength of 40 cm (16 in). WISE 1405+5534 has two discovery papers: ""Kirkpatrick et al. (2011)"" and ""Cushing et al. (2011)"", however, basically with the same authors and published nearly simultaneously. Currently the most accurate distance estimate of WISE 1405+5534 is a"
"characteristics have been determined from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. (523643) 2010 TY53 , provisional designation "" is a trans-Neptunian object and centaur located in the outermost region of the Solar System. With an absolute magnitude of 5.7, it approximately measures in diameter. It was discovered on 4 August 2010 by the Pan-STARRS-1 survey at the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. According to American astronomer Michael Brown, it is ""possibly"" a dwarf planet. "" orbits the Sun at a distance of 21.1–56.6 AU once every 241 years and 11 months (88,365 days;"
"(523671) 2013 FZ27 , provisional designation """", is a trans-Neptunian object and likely dwarf planet, located in the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 15 December 2010, by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS-1 survey at the Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, in the United States. Numbered in 2018, this minor planet has not been named. ' is a trans-Neptunian object (TNO), located beyond the orbit of Neptune (30.1 AU). The ""Johnston's archive"" classifies it as an unspecific ""other TNO"", meaning that the minor planet is neither a resonant nor a classical TNO."
"is a challenge to some current theoretical models of the formation of galaxies. GN-z11 GN-z11 is a high-redshift galaxy found in the constellation Ursa Major. GN-z11 is currently the oldest and most distant known galaxy in the observable universe. GN-z11 has a spectroscopic redshift of , which corresponds to a proper distance of approximately . The object's name is derived from its location in the GOODS-North field of galaxies and its high cosmological redshift number . GN-z11 is observed as it existed 13.4 billion years ago, just 400 million years after the Big Bang; as a result, GN-z11's distance is"
"HD 139357 b HD 139357 b is a very massive extrasolar planet or brown dwarf located approximately 390 light years away, orbiting the 6th magnitude K-type giant star HD 139357 in the constellation of Draco. The detection occurred on March 20, 2009, which was the first day of spring. The actual mass and radius of this body remain known, but it has a minimum mass of nearly 10 times that of Jupiter and a radius of probably no more than 1.2 times Jupiter's. Most likely this is a brown dwarf rather than a planet. The reason why the object's true"
"(523674) 2013 MA12 , provisional designation , is a classical trans-Neptunian object and dwarf planet candidate from the Kuiper belt, located in the outermost region of the Solar System, approximately in diameter. The cubewano belongs to the hot population. It was discovered on 26 July 2011, by astronomers with the Pan-STARRS survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States. orbits the Sun at a distance of 39.1–44.3 AU once every 269 years and 1 month (98,276 days; semi-major axis of 41.68 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. As a"
"The galaxy was identified by a team studying data from the Hubble Space Telescope's Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and Spitzer Space Telescope's Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-North (GOODS-North). The research team used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 to measure the distance to GN-z11 spectroscopically, by splitting the light into its component colors to measure the redshift caused by the expansion of the universe. The findings, which were announced in March 2016, revealed the galaxy to be farther away than originally thought, at the distance limit of what the Hubble Telescope can observe. GN-z11 is around 150"
"unknown, this represents a lower limit on the true separation. HD 196885 HD 196885 is a 6th magnitude binary star in the constellation Delphinus. According to its parallax of 29.83 milliarcseconds, it is located at a distance of 109 light years from Earth. In 2004, a planet was announced to be orbiting the star in a 386-day orbit. Follow-up work published in 2008 did not confirm the original candidate but instead found evidence of a planet in a 1349-day orbit. The star BD+10 4351B, located 192 arcseconds away from HD 196885 is located at the same distance and may be"