"John Tenniel Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914) was an English illustrator, graphic humorist, and political cartoonist prominent in the second half of the 19th century. He was knighted for his artistic achievements in 1893. Tenniel is remembered especially as the principal political cartoonist for ""Punch"" magazine for over 50 years, and for his illustrations to Lewis Carroll's ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" (1865) and ""Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There"" (1871). Tenniel was born in Bayswater, West London, to John Baptist Tenniel, a fencing and dancing master of Huguenot descent, and Eliza Maria Tenniel."
"run was destroyed (or sold to America) at Carroll's request because he was dissatisfied with the quality. The book was reprinted and published in 1866. John Tenniel's illustrations of Alice do not portray the real Alice Liddell, who had dark hair and a short fringe. ""Alice"" has provided a challenge for other illustrators, including those of 1907 by Charles Pears and the full series of colour plates and line-drawings by Harry Rountree published in the (inter-War) Children's Press (Glasgow) edition. Other significant illustrators include: Arthur Rackham (1907), Willy Pogany (1929), Mervyn Peake (1946), Ralph Steadman (1967), Salvador Dalí (1969), Graham"
"Flinzer, George Cruikshank, Vilhelm Pedersen, Ivan Bilibin and John Bauer. Andrew Lang's twelve Fairy Books published between 1889 and 1910 were illustrated by among others Henry J. Ford and Lancelot Speed. Lewis Carroll's ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"", illustrated by John Tenniel in 1866 was one of the first highly successful entertainment books for children. Toy books were introduced in the latter half of the 19th century, small paper bound books with art dominating the text. These had a larger proportion of pictures to words than earlier books, and many of their pictures were in color. The best of these were"
"Gabriel Rossetti and Arthur Hughes, whose painting ""Girl with the Liliacs"" (1863) he visually alluded to in one drawing in ""Under Ground"". He gave the hand-written ""Alice's Adventures Under Ground"" to Alice Liddell in November 1864. John Tenniel illustrated ""Alice Adventures in Wonderland"" (1865) for a fee of £138, which was roughly a fourth of what Carroll earned each year and which he paid for himself. Tenniel was an already successful, well-known lead illustrator for the satirical magazine ""Punch"", when Carroll employed him as an illustrator in April 1864. In contrast, Carroll did not have any literary fame at the"
"to Queen Margaret of the House of Lancaster. During the War of the Roses, a red rose was the symbol of the House Lancaster. Their rivals, the House of York, had a white rose for their symbol. The gardeners' painting the white roses red may be a reference to these two houses. After unsuccessfully attempting to illustrate ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" himself, Lewis Carroll was persuaded to engage a professional artist to provide the illustrations. He turned to cartoonist John Tenniel, who was known for his regular contributions to the satirical magazine ""Punch"" (published 1841–1992, 1996–2002). Tenniel's inspiration for the"
"as Lewis Carroll, ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" (1865). At the end of nineteenth-century, the author and illustrator Beatrix Potter was known for her children's books, which featured animal characters, including ""The Tale of Peter Rabbit"" (1902). In the latter years of the 19th century, precursors of the modern picture book were illustrated books of poems and short stories produced by illustrators Randolph Caldecott, Walter Crane, and Kate Greenaway. These had a larger proportion of pictures to words than earlier books, and many of their pictures were in colour. ""Vice Versa"" (1882) by F. Anstey, sees a father and son exchange"
"Liverpool. The repainted version won a prize at the Liverpool exhibition. Millais altered the picture again in the 1880s, adding decoration to the reins and bridle. Despite its early bad reception, the painting became quite influential, inspiring a number of other images of chivalric knights. It was also taken up by political caricaturists, who took their cue from Sandys's caricature to replace the figures with politicians of the day, suggesting alliances between mismatched forces in attempts to ""carry over"" some piece of legislation. This tradition continued well into the 20th century. Some of John Tenniel's work for the ""Alice"" stories"
"'with more than one hundred illustrations designed by John Tenniel'. Tenniel himself did not think highly of his work there and took the opportunity to redraw some in the revised edition of 1884, which also used pictures by Ernest Henry Griset and Harrison Weir. Once the technology was in place for coloured reproductions, illustrations became ever more attractive. Notable early 20th century editions include V.S. Vernon Jones' new translation of the fables accompanied by the pictures of Arthur Rackham (London, 1912) and in the USA ""Aesop for Children"" (Chicago, 1919), illustrated by Milo Winter. The illustrations from Croxall's editions were"
"attractive in personal appearance...Yet he was a genius, and with proper direction might have made his way in the world."" The ""Indianapolis News"" remarked that he ""stood toward the head of the colored artists of the country."" ""The Freeman’s"" tribute of him concluded with: Despite his inclusion at the Smithsonian, mention of Lewis is absent from most art history knowledge. However, more of his work has been unearthed by today's artists. Noted African American sculptor, Garland Martin Taylor, said of Lewis's work: Henry Jackson Lewis Henry Jackson Lewis (1837-April 1891) was the first African-American political cartoonist. Henry Jackson Lewis, ""H.J."","
"""Punch's Pocket-books"". By 1866 he was ""able to command ten to fifteen guineas for the reworking of a single ""Punch"" cartoon as a pencil sketch"", alongside his ""comfortable"" ""Punch"" salary ""of about £800 a year"". According to the Bank of England inflation calculator, £800 in 1866 would buy goods and services worth over £85,000 in 2015 (with inflation averaged at 3.1% a year). Despite the thousands of political cartoons and hundreds of illustrative works attributed to him, much of Tenniel's fame stems from his illustrations for ""Alice"". Tenniel drew ninety-two drawings for Lewis Carroll's ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" (London: Macmillan,"
"common with Alice's clothing in the railway carriage. Carroll expressed unhappiness at Tenniel's refusal to use a model for illustrations of Alice, writing that this resulted in her head and feet being out of proportion. In February 1881, Carroll contacted his publisher about the possibility of creating ""The Nursery ""Alice"""", a simplified edition of ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" with coloured and enlarged illustrations. Tenniel coloured twenty illustrations from ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"", in addition to revising some aspects of them; Alice is depicted as a blonde, and her dress is yellow, with blue stockings. Her dress became pleated with a"
"poems, unillustrated. ""Phantasmagoria"" by Lewis Carroll was first published by Macmillan and Co., London, in 1869. Macmillan was also the publisher of the ""Alice in Wonderland"" books by Carroll. The first edition, had a blue cardboard cover with gold embossed cover illustration and edges and spine, bound by Burn & Co., Kirby Street, E.C. Cover illustrations on the original book (Morgan Library copy) represent the Crab Nebula in Taurus and Donati's Comet, ""Two distinguished members of the Celestial Phantasmagoria"". 1883 collection of 17 poems (also New York: Macmillan and Co., 1884), illustrated by Arthur B. Frost (new) and Henry Holiday"
"period that began in 1860. In an 1860 cartoon, this character wore clothes now associated with Alice: ""the full skirt, pale stockings, flat shoes, and a hairband over her loose hair"". In the cartoons, the character appeared as an archetype of a pleasant girl from the middle classes; she has been described as similar to Alice: ""a pacifist and noninterventionist, patient and polite, slow to return the aggression of others"". Tenniel's fee for illustrating the sequel ""Through the Looking-Glass"" (1871) rose to £290, which Carroll again paid for out of his own pocket. Tenniel changed Alice's clothing slightly in the"
"""Tom Hood's Comic Annual"". Hood died suddenly in his cottage at Peckham Rye, Surrey in November 1874. In 1887 the literary critic Edward Salmon suggested that Lewis Carroll had plagiarised Hood's ""From Nowhere to the North Pole"" (1875) when writing Alice: Carroll replied a month later, in a terse letter to editor of ""The Nineteenth Century"": In 1889 Carroll even inserted an announcement in the back of ""The Nursery ""Alice"""", correcting his previous explanation and further denying Tom Hood's influence: References Tom Hood Tom Hood (19 January 1835 – 20 November 1874), was an English humorist and playwright, and son"
"Cheshire Cat The Cheshire Cat ( or ) is a fictional cat popularised by Lewis Carroll in ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" and known for its distinctive mischievous grin. While most often celebrated in ""Alice""-related contexts, the Cheshire Cat predates the 1865 novel and has transcended the context of literature and become enmeshed in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media, from political cartoons to television, as well as cross-disciplinary studies, from business to science. One of its distinguishing features is that from time to time its body disappears, the last thing visible being its iconic grin. There are numerous"
"who was known for his portraits of Carl Sandburg and Albert Einstein. New Adventures of Alice New Adventures of Alice is a novel by John Rae, written in 1917 and published by P. F. Volland of Chicago. It is, according to Carolyn Sigler, one of the more important ""Alice imitations"", or novels inspired by Lewis Carroll's ""Alice"" books. The book opens with a little girl, Betsy, wishing for another Alice book. She passes into a dream, and finds in the attic a book which begins with Alice reading Mother Goose rhymes to her kittens, leading to further adventures. The book"
"on subsequent rowing trips. At the request of ten-year-old Alice Liddell, Carroll wrote down the stories as ""Alice's Adventures Under Ground"", which he completed in February 1864. ""Under Ground"" contains thirty-seven illustrations, twenty-seven of which Alice is depicted in. As his drawings of Alice bear little physical resemblance to Alice Liddell, whose given name she shares, it has been suggested that Alice's younger sister, Edith, might have been his model. He portrays his protagonist as wearing a tunic, in contrast to the tailored dresses that the Liddell sisters might have worn. His illustrations drew influence from the Pre-Raphaelite painters Dante"
"Lewis Carroll Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer of world-famous children's fiction, notably ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" and its sequel ""Through the Looking-Glass"". He was noted for his facility at word play, logic and fantasy. The poems ""Jabberwocky"" and ""The Hunting of the Snark"" are classified in the genre of literary nonsense. He was also a mathematician, photographer and Anglican deacon. Carroll came from a family of high church Anglicans, and developed a long relationship with Christ Church, Oxford, where he lived for"
"Lewis Carroll Society of North America The Lewis Carroll Society of North America is a learned society established in 1974. It is dedicated to the 19th-century English mathematician, photographer and writer Lewis Carroll, best known for the 1865 fantasy novel ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" and its sequel. LCSNA is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to ""furthering Carroll studies, increasing accessibility of research materials, and maintaining public awareness of Carroll's contribution to society"". The organization meets twice a year, and has an active publications program. The archive contains materials that document the history of the Society, including financial records, correspondence from members,"
"like Gay Talese, Tom Wolfe, Norman Mailer, Michael Herr, John Sack, Gore Vidal, William F. Buckley, Garry Wills, Gina Berriault, and Nora Ephron. His editorial risks extended into graphic innovation by publishing George Lois's iconic covers like Sonny Liston wearing a Santa Clause hat, Andy Warhol disappearing in a can of Campbell's soup, and Muhammad Ali posing as St. Sebastian. Fiction editor Gordon Lish brought in stories by Raymond Carver. Diane Arbus contributed photographs. Robert Benton and David Newman thought up the Dubious Achievement Awards (and in their spare time wrote the screenplay for the movie ""Bonnie and Clyde""). More"
"with Mrs Caudle, personated by Brougham, disturbing by untimely loquacity the slumbers of the lord chancellor, whose haggard cheek rests on the woolsack for pillow. It was in work for the wood-engravers that Leech was most prolific and individual. Among the earlier of such designs are the illustrations to the ""Comic English"" and ""Latin Grammars"" (1840), to ""Written Caricatures"" (1841), to ""Hood's Comic Annual"", (1842), and to Albert Smith's ""Wassail Bowl"" (1843), subjects mainly of a small vignette size, transcribed with the best skill of such woodcutters as Orrin Smith, and not, like the larger and later ""Punch"" illustrations, cut"
"1865) and ""Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There"" (London: Macmillan, 1871). Lewis Carroll originally illustrated ""Wonderland"" himself, but his artistic abilities were limited. Engraver Orlando Jewitt, who had worked for Carroll in 1859 and had reviewed Carroll's drawings for ""Wonderland"", suggested that he employ a professional illustrator. Carroll was a regular reader of ""Punch"" and was therefore familiar with Tenniel. In 1865 Tenniel, after long talks with Carroll, illustrated the first edition of ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"". The first print run of 2,000 was sold in the United States, rather than England, because Tenniel objected to the print"
"there. Apart from E. Gertrude Thomson, who illustrated the cover of ""The Nursery ""Alice"""" (1890), the first artist other than Tenniel to produce illustrations for ""Alice"" was Beatrix Potter in the 1890s; she created six illustrations, but none appeared in book form. In America, until 1891, publishers could reprint British books without the copyright restraint, but from that date on they had to get the agreement of the UK publishers and authors. As a result, several US publishing houses issued copies of the Alice books with Tenniel illustrations. McManus was the first to attempt the task of providing new illustrations"
"the Red Queen, and the Mad Hatter; Arthur Balfour is the White Queen and the March Hare; Robert Cecil is the King of Hearts and the Dormouse; Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Temple is the Duchess; and Redvers Buller is Humpty Dumpty. The Westminster Alice The Westminster Alice is the name of a collection of vignettes written by Hector Hugh Munro (Saki) in 1902 and published by the Westminster Gazette of London. It is a political parody of Lewis Carroll's two books, ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"" and ""Through the Looking-Glass"". The book features 48 drawings after the originals by John Tenniel"
"Mock Turtle The Mock Turtle is a fictional character devised by Lewis Carroll from his popular book ""Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"". Its name is taken from a dish that was popular in the Victorian period, mock turtle soup. Carroll enjoyed such puns on Victorian fashions and etiquette, and showed this frequently. The description and drawing by John Tenniel gives comedic value to the Mock Turtle, as he is clearly an assemblage of creatures, therefore not a real turtle as his name rightly suggests. Alice encounters the Mock Turtle with the Gryphon. The Mock Turtle is a very melancholic character, because"
"and book market of the period. Among the artists they worked with were Arthur Boyd Houghton, Richard Doyle, John Gilbert, William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and James McNeill Whistler. They cut the illustrations to Edward Lear's ""Book of Nonsense"" (1862); Lewis Carroll's ""Alice in Wonderland"" and ""Through the Looking-Glass"". They also produced independent ventures, most notably ""The Parables of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ"" (London: Routledge, 1864), illustrated by Millais, and contributed humorous cartoons to magazines such as ""Fun"", which George and Edward acquired in 1865. Until the advent of photo-mechanical processes 1880, they were"
"comic book adaptations: The book has inspired several parodies including: The first full major production of 'Alice' books during Carroll's lifetime was ""Alice in Wonderland"", a musical play by H. Saville Clark (book) and Walter Slaughter (music), which played in 1886 at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London. As the book and its sequel are Carroll's most widely recognised works, they have also inspired numerous live performances, including plays, operas, ballets, and traditional English pantomimes. These works range from fairly faithful adaptations to those that use the story as a basis for new works. An example of the latter"
"Should Government Do?"" (1989) and John Leonard's ""Contemporary Australian Poetry: An Anthology"". (1990) Other works include ""Eight Illustrations for the Gormenghast Books by Mervyn Peake"". . This was followed in 1995 by O'Keefe's illustrated version of Lewis Carroll's classic ""The Hunting of the Snark: An Agony in Eight Fits"" . His continued interest in illustrating Carroll is evinced by his 2004 compilation ""A Snark Selection"" (Ramble House). O'Keefe's first illustrations for Lewis Carroll's ""Alice's Adventures In Wonderland"" (subtitled 'The GO Alice') were published in Melbourne in 1990 by the Carroll Foundation. In a review of this volume, it was stated"
"quality. A new edition was released in December 1865, carrying an 1866 date, and became an instant best-seller, increasing Tenniel's fame. His drawings for both books have become some of the most famous literary illustrations. After 1872, when the Carroll projects were finished, Tenniel largely abandoned literary illustration. Carroll did later approach Tenniel to undertake another project for him. To this Tenniel replied: Tenniel's illustrations for the ""Alice"" books were engraved onto blocks of deal wood by the Brothers Dalziel. These engravings were then used as masters for making the electrotype copies for the actual printing of the books. The"
"Alice B. Woodward Alice Bolingbroke Woodward (1862–1951), an English illustrator, was born on 3 October 1862 in Chelsea, London. She was one of the most prolific illustrators of the turn of the 20th century and is known mainly for her work in children's literature, and secondarily for her scientific illustrations. Her father Henry Woodward, was an eminent scientist and the Keeper of Geology at the Natural History Museum in London. As a child, Alice was educated at home by governesses, along with her four sisters and two brothers (she was the fourth of seven). From a young age the children"
"""The Wallypug of Why"" undeniably owes a great deal to Lewis Carroll. In the latter decades of the 19th century there were many ""Alice"" imitations, many of them very close to the original. Of these imitators Farrow is easily the best, and also the most prolific. The Wallypug is a genuinely original and endearing character, a ""nervous little nonentity who in theory rules the land of Why, but in practice is ruled by his subjects whom he addresses as 'Your Majesty.' Harry Furniss's drawings of the Wallypug with his crown tipped over one eye caught the character so well that"
"Alice in Sunderland Alice in Sunderland: An Entertainment is a graphic novel by comics writer and artist Bryan Talbot. It explores the links between Lewis Carroll and the Sunderland area, with wider themes of history, myth and storytelling. The artwork for the main cover was drawn and made by graphic artist Jordan Smith. His daughter, Kaya Anna Lawson (Smith) is the model for Alice. She is featured on the front cover as Tenniel's Alice, as well as inside the book as her normal self. The work relates local history. It focuses upon the eponymous city, but also covers other towns"
"of World War I political and military figures between 1915 and 1920. His eldest son, Alec Carruthers Gould, became a noted artist. ""Some Men Who Made Barnstaple..."" by Pauline Brain 2010 (his family and ancestry). Francis Carruthers Gould Francis Carruthers Gould (2 December 1844 – 1925), British caricaturist and political cartoonist, was born in Barnstaple, Devon. He published as F. Carruthers Gould and signed his cartoons FCG. Gould was the son of Richard Davie Gould (c1816-1900), a Barnstaple architect, and his wife Judith Carruthers (née Ford). Although in early youth he showed great love of drawing, he began life in"