"and over"". The X certificate was replaced in November 1982 by the 18 certificate. Sometimes the rating of a film has changed significantly over time. For example, the French film ""Jules and Jim"" received an X rating in 1962 that was changed to a PG rating in 1991. In some early cases, films politically motivated received an X rating. ""The Battleship Potemkin"" was rejected for ""inflammatory subtitles and Bolshevik propaganda"" in 1926, rated X in 1954, and finally rated PG in 1987. In the United States, the X rating was applied to a film that contained content judged unsuitable for"
"warned parents that they may not wish children under 14 to watch the film, while the new AA allowed only those aged 14 or over to be admitted. As there was now a mandatory certificate at 14, the X certificate was modified to raise its age from 16 to 18. The classification symbols were given a more modern look, replacing the ageing logos that had served the BBFC for over 60 years. On 1 November 1982 the ratings system was completely overhauled with only the U certificate remaining unchanged (though its description was slightly modified). The A certificate was replaced"
"R and X. The M rating would soon be replaced by GP, which was later changed to PG. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography industry, with which it became most associated. Films such as ""Midnight Cowboy"" and ""A Clockwork Orange"" were assumed to be pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17 rating was introduced as a trademarked ""adults only"" replacement for the non-trademarked X-rating. The PG-13 rating was added in 1984 to provide a greater range of distinction for audiences. During the late"
"which could be applied after a film was completed. On November 1, 1968, the voluntary MPAA film rating system took effect, with three organizations serving as its monitoring and guiding groups: the MPAA, the National Association of Theater Owners (NATO), and the International Film Importers & Distributors of America (IFIDA). Only films that premiered in the U.S. after that date were affected by this. Walter Reade was the only one of 75 top U.S. exhibitors who refused to use the ratings. Warner Bros.-Seven Arts' ""The Girl on a Motorcycle"" was the first film to receive the X rating and was"
"distributed by their subsidiary, Claridge Pictures. Two other films were rated X by the time the MPAA published their first weekly bulletin listing ratings, Paramount's ""Sin With a Stranger"" and Universal's ""Birds in Peru"". Both were to be released by subsidiaries. The ratings used from 1968 to 1970 were: This content classification system originally was to have three ratings, with the intention of allowing parents to take their children to any film they chose. However, the National Association of Theater Owners urged the creation of an adults-only category, fearful of possible legal problems in local jurisdictions. The ""X"" rating was"
"Tri-Star Pictures refused to release it with an X rating, as the film would have fewer theaters willing to book it and fewer venues for advertising; Steve Randall, executive vice-president of marketing for Tri-Star, stated that it was the studio's ""firm policy not to release an X-rated film."" With only a few weeks before the theatrical release, the studio was desperate for the less-restrictive R rating, but Parker was reluctant to alter the film. He filed another appeal, in which the board voted 8 to 6 in favor of the X rating. Parker then removed ten seconds of sexual content"
"violence, a non-X classification. The Council of State ruled that the movie should have been rated X. The decision was highly controversial, and some suggested changing the law under which it was rated 18. The original X certificate, replacing the H certificate, was issued between 1951 and 1982 by the British Board of Film Censors in the United Kingdom. It was introduced as a result of the Wheare Report on film censorship. From 1951 to 1970, it meant ""Suitable for those aged 16 and over,"" and from 1970 to 1982 it was redefined as meaning ""Suitable for those aged 18"
"by PG, which was now completely advisory. The age of AA was raised a year and the certificate was renamed 15. The X certificate was unchanged but renamed 18 due to the lewd reputation that the letter X had acquired. A new R18 certificate was introduced for sexually explicit films. In order to show R18 films, cinemas must be licensed members-only clubs (previously, a loophole allowed these clubs to show such films unrated). The Video Recordings Act 1984 gave the BBFC the legal responsibility to rate all videos. The current certificates were all used and were also modified and coloured."
"including pornographers, as many began to do in the 1970s. As pornography began to become chic and more legally and commercially tolerated, pornographers placed an X rating on their films to emphasize the adult content. Some even started using multiple X's (i.e. XX, XXX, etc.) to give the impression that their film contained more graphic sexual content than the simple X rating. In some cases, the X ratings were applied by reviewers or film scholars, e.g. William Rotsler, who wrote ""The XXX-rating means hard-core, the XX-rating is for simulation, and an X-rating is for comparatively cool films."" Nothing beyond the"
"giant posters plastered all over San Francisco proclaimed: ""YOU'RE GOING TO LAUGH YOUR X OFF!"" Eventually, the film was reedited and dubbed. After several changes, the distributor persuaded the MPAA to change the film's rating to an R. The R rated version of the film featured new dialogue performed by American actors and comedians such as John Belushi, Adolph Caesar, Brian Doyle-Murray, Judy Graubart, Bill Murray and Johnny Weissmuller Jr. The Burroughs estate filed another lawsuit demanding that the name of the film be changed when their lawyer found a New York State statute covering disillusion of trademark. They argued"
"one of the first films to receive an X rating in the United States when the MPAA introduced their new rating system. In 1970, Paramount teamed with Universal Studios to form Cinema International Corporation, a new company that would distribute films by the two studios outside the United States. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer would become a partner in the mid-1970s. Both Paramount and CIC entered the video market with Paramount Home Video (now Paramount Home Entertainment) and CIC Video, respectively. Robert Evans abandoned his position as head of production in 1974; his successor, Richard Sylbert, proved to be too literary and too tasteful"
"titled ""The Quatermass Film Music Collection"". As expected, ""The Quatermass Xperiment"" received an ‘X’ Certificate from the BBFC, restricting admission to persons over the age of sixteen. It was only the twelfth film to receive the certificate since its introduction in 1951. Whereas most other studios were nervous of this new certificate, Hammer, who had noticed the success of the similarly ‘X’-rated ""Les Diaboliques"" (1954), chose to exploit it by dropping the ""E"" from ""Experiment"" in the title of the film. ""X is not an unknown quantity"" was the tagline Exclusive Films used to sell the picture to cinema managers,"
"Vilgot Sjöman, was initially banned in the U.S. for its frank depiction of sexuality; however, this was overturned by the Supreme Court. In 1970, because of confusion over the meaning of ""mature audiences"", the ""M"" rating was changed to ""GP"", and then in 1972 to the current ""PG"", for ""parental guidance suggested"". In 1984, in response to public complaints regarding the severity of horror elements in PG-rated titles such as ""Gremlins"" and ""Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom"", the ""PG-13"" rating was created as a middle tier between ""PG"" and ""R"". In 1990, the ""X"" rating was replaced by"
"this new label, the MPAA unofficially began classifying films. By the late 1960s, enforcement had become impossible and the Production Code was abandoned entirely. The MPAA began working on a rating system, under which film restrictions would lessen. The MPAA film rating system went into effect on November 1, 1968, with four ratings: ""G"" for general audiences, ""M"" for mature content, ""R"" for restricted (under 17 not admitted without an adult), and ""X"" for sexually explicit content. By the end of 1968, Geoffrey Shurlock stepped down from his post. In 1969, the Swedish film ""I Am Curious (Yellow)"", directed by"
"the X classification, allowing the film to be re-released in mainstream theatres. In Australia, the film was initially passed for viewing at the highest possible R18 rating in a 6–5 vote by the country's Classification Board in October 2001. However the Attorney-General invoked his powers under the 1995 Classification Act to have the board's decision reviewed. The Classification Review Board (a separate entity to the Classification Board) ruled in May 2002 that the film contains ""explicit, offensive and graphic depictions of sexual violence, assault and violence with an impact that is very, very high"" and ""dangerous to the community,"" resulting"
"the ""homosexual frame of reference"" and its ""possible influence upon youngsters"". The film was released with an X. The MPAA later broadened the requirements for the ""R"" rating to allow more content and raised the age restriction from sixteen to seventeen. The film was later rated ""R"" for a reissue in 1971. The film retains its R rating. The film earned $11 million in rentals at the North American box office. Critical response to the film has been largely positive; Gene Siskel of the ""Chicago Tribune"" said of the film: ""I cannot recall a more marvelous pair of acting performances"
"on financial remuneration. The film gained a certain amount of notoriety prior to release due to a battle between New Line Cinema and the MPAA, which initially rated the film an X because of its graphic violence. It was the final film to receive this rating before the MPAA replaced X with NC-17. Burr cited as issues involved that the studio was independent, ""Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2"" had been released unrated, and the film's grim tone. The studio eventually relented and trimmed the more graphic elements. Burr said that the film's negatives themselves were cut to maintain the film's release"
"encouraged Browne to ""make love to the camera"". Between the time ""The Killing of Sister George"" started filming and ended production, the United States movie industry instituted the new MPAA film rating system. Largely on the basis of the graphic sex scene between Alice and Mrs. Croft, ""The Killing of Sister George"" received an X rating, which limited its screening in US cinemas and ability to be advertised in mainstream newspapers. Aldrich spent $75,000 battling the rating, but his lawsuit was dismissed, and the film died at the box office. In the UK, the film also had considerable censorship problems,"
"the film. New scenes were shot in both Los Angeles and Hawaii to ""open up"" the picture, including dialogue and characters on a newer passenger plane interior and cockpit. The self-imposed X rating was a draw in the early stages, attracting viewers to relatively small theatres showing the 3D film. In the last year, with the official R rating, it was possible to show the film more widely, even in 70mm 3D, in houses like the 4,300-seat Boston Music Hall. Total active run extended three years and was presented in just over 800 theaters (compared to the thousands of play"
"a hindering factor in the film's mass appeal. However, by the time of its release, the film met with critical and commercial success and a robust opening. According to a poll conducted by Fandango during its opening weekend, 71% of moviegoers said that more superhero films should be rated R, while 86% were interested in seeing a more violent, adult ""X-Men"" film that weekend. Furthermore, 96% said they were excited to see Hugh Jackman, 94% were intrigued to see Patrick Stewart reprising his role as Professor X, and 76% were interested in watching newcomer Dafne Keen. In its second weekend,"
"(General), PG (Parental Guidance) and R (Restricted to 18 years and above). Prior to then films were either approved or effectively banned. Since then, there have been several alterations to the ratings over the years. In September 1991, a Restricted (Artistic) (R(A)) rating was introduced to replaced the previous R-rating so as to allow the screening of certain art-house films which would otherwise have been banned without said rating, with an increased age restriction set at 21 years of age. The R(A) rating has since been replaced by NC16 (No Children under 16), M18 (Mature 18) and R21 (Restricted 21)."
"After the controversy over ""Syndromes and a Century"", the Free Thai Cinema Movement started to gain momentum in late April 2007. A petition signed by artists and scholars was submitted to the National Legislative Assembly, which was considering a new motion picture ratings system. The proposed system, passed by the military-appointed National Legislative Assembly proved controversial as well, as it would not imposes ratings structure but also keeps censorship in place. The 1930 Film Act was replaced in 2009 by a film-ratings system. The ratings system has six classifications – G for general audiences, P for ""promote"" as educational, 13+,"
"accompaniment at 18, instead of 17, and categorized the admission of minors to X-rated films as a misdemeanor. The statute remained in force until 2013 when it was ruled to be in violation of the First Amendment. The law was amended in 2013 as to only prohibit persons under the age of 18 if the film was considered ""harmful to minors"". In the rating system's early years, ""X""-rated films such as ""Midnight Cowboy"" (1969) and ""A Clockwork Orange"" (1971) were understood to be unsuitable for children, but non-pornographic and intended for the general public. However, pornographic films often self-applied the"
"the American consumer culture, such as the commercial for the 6000 SUX sedan). After 11 original X ratings, the film was eventually given an R rating. The original uncut version was included on the Criterion Collection LaserDisc and DVD of the film (both out of print), the 2005 trilogy box set, and the 2007 anniversary edition—the latter two were released by MGM and were unrated. The 2014 Blu-ray 4K master edition also features this unrated cut. Regarding the omitted scenes, Verhoeven stated on the 2007 anniversary edition DVD that he had wanted the violence to be ""over the top"", in"
"the ban on films using homosexuality as a plot device. A few years later, the code itself was replaced by the MPAA film rating system, which introduced an age-appropriate classification system for films. As attitudes became more liberal, the rating classifications for the film were also revised. When ""Victim"" was released on VHS in the U.S. in 1986, it received the PG-13 rating. When ""Victim"" was re-released in the United Kingdom, it was reclassified with the much milder PG/12 rating. British reviews praised Bogarde's performance as his best and praised his courage in taking on the role. A London women's"
"different from the film the studio wanted. British Lion sued Paramount and received a small settlement. The film obtained a small release in the United States through Cinema V in exchange for $850,000 and due to foreign sales the film's budget was just recouped. The British Board of Film Censors passed the film uncut for adult UK audiences with an X rating. It was announced in the summer of 2016 that the film was in the process of being digitally remastered to 4K quality for its 40th anniversary (which was reported to have begun before Bowie's death). This remastered version"
"past, the term ""B movie"" had been applied, both in the United States and abroad, almost exclusively to low- and modest-budget American films, the growing Italian exploitation film industry now also became associated with the label (usually styled in Italy as ""B-movie""). The Production Code was officially scrapped in 1968, to be replaced by the first version of the present-day rating system. That year, two horror films came out that heralded directions American filmmaking would take in the next decade, with major long-range consequences for the B film. One was a high-budget Paramount production, directed by the celebrated Roman Polanski"
"""X"" (minimum age 16 admitted) by the British Board of Film Censors on its initial release. A 2001 DVD release from Network DVD was given a BBFC DVD/Blu-ray certificate of ""15"" (years and over). On the 2014 BFI release, the rating was reduced to ""12"". The film was shot in London and South East England. Principal photography included Fleet Street (the Daily Express building), Battersea Park, the HM Treasury Building in Westminster and on Palace Pier, Brighton. Essayist Paul A. Green discusses many of the themes in the film in his review: The film holds an 86% ""Certified Fresh"" rating"
"6d and stayed at 6d until August 1968, which was a complete run except for the issues for August and September, 1959, which were not published owing to a national printers strike in the UK that summer (a fate that befell many magazines and newspapers at the time). Price from September 1968 was 9d until September 1970, when decimalisation came in and price changed to 5p (1/-) in October 1970. Price changed again in May 1972, when it increased to 10p. At this time, the name changed to just Film Review; the ABC was dropped from then on. It continued"
"was rejected by New World. Editor Tony Randel then suggested Christopher Young as a replacement for Coil for the film's score. Young had previously composed scores for other horror films such as the 1985 slasher """" and the 1986 Tobe Hooper film ""Invaders from Mars"". Clive Barker had to make some cuts on the film after MPAA gave it an X rating. Following scenes were cut for R rating; In interview for ""Samhain ""magazine in July 1987, Barker mentioned some problems that censors had with more erotic scenes in the movie; Barker also said on the commentary for the movie"
"board returned the movie to Paramount with an NC-17. The last submission the filmmakers received was an NC-17, two weeks before release. A marketing agent from Paramount called the two and explained that the studio ""needed"" an R. In response, Stone called producer Scott Rudin and ""freaked out."" Rudin then called a Paramount executive and, in Stone's words, ""freaked out on them."" The next day the film was changed to an R rating without reason, with the original film intact. ""The ratings board only cared about the dirty words; they're so confused and arbitrary,"" said Parker to ""The New York"
"not an MPAA trademark and would not receive the MPAA seal; any producer not submitting a film for MPAA rating could self-apply the ""X"" rating (or any other symbol or description that was not an MPAA trademark). In 1970, the ages for ""R"" and ""X"" were raised from 16 to 17. Also, due to confusion over whether ""M""-rated films were suitable for children, ""M"" was renamed to ""GP"" (for General audiences, Parental guidance suggested), and in 1971, the MPAA added the content advisory ""Some material not generally suitable for pre-teenagers"". On February 11, 1972, ""GP"" was revised to ""PG"". The"
"on-screen title. Quarry told actor/producer Michael Macready he would play the vampire role if they turned the story into a straight horror film. Stephen Farber's 1972 book, ""The Movie Ratings Game"", details the problems that the film's distributor American International Pictures had in securing a GP rating (formerly known as M, later renamed to PG) from the Motion Picture Association of America, which initially was divided as to whether to give the film an R or X rating. AIP insisted that they needed an unrestricted GP rating for the film in order to get the film released into the largest"