"""Molotov cocktail"" was coined by the Finns during the Winter War, called in or ""Molotovin koktaili"". The name was an insulting reference to Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, who was one of the architects of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed in late August 1939. The pact with Nazi Germany was widely mocked by the Finns, as was much of the propaganda Molotov produced to accompany the pact, including his declaration on Soviet state radio that bombing missions over Finland were actually airborne humanitarian food deliveries for their starving neighbours. The Finns sarcastically dubbed the Soviet cluster bombs ""Molotov bread baskets"" in"
"The United States Marine Corps developed a version during World War II that used a tube of nitric acid and a lump of metallic sodium to ignite a mixture of petrol and diesel fuel. Molotov cocktails were reportedly used in the U.S. for arson attacks on shops and other buildings during the 1992 Los Angeles riots. During the Second Battle of Fallujah in 2004, U.S. Marines employed Molotov cocktails made with ""one part liquid laundry detergent, two parts gas"" for 'burning out' their enemies from houses. Molotov cocktails were also used by protesters and civilian militia in Ukraine during violent"
"Molotov cocktail received its name during the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939 Winter War but had been used earlier in the decade by Franco's troops during the Spanish Civil War. It was named by Finnish troops during the Winter War, after the former Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, whom they deemed responsible for the war, and a humorous reference to the Soviet bombs nicknamed ""Molotov bread baskets"" in Finland. Practice grenades are similar in handling and function to other hand grenades, except that they only produce a loud popping noise and a puff of smoke on detonation. The grenade"
"this way, though Soviet loss records do not support this assessment. On 30 November 1939, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, starting what came to be known as the Winter War. The Finns perfected the design and tactical use of the petrol bomb. The fuel for the Molotov cocktail was refined to a slightly sticky mixture of gasoline, kerosene, tar, and potassium chlorate. Further refinements included the attachment of wind-proof matches or a phial of chemicals that would ignite on breakage, thereby removing the need to pre-ignite the bottle, and leaving the bottle about one-third empty was found to make breaking"
"outbreaks of the Euromaidan and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Protesters during the Ferguson riots used Molotov cocktails. In Bangladesh during anti government protests at the time of the 2014 national election, many buses and cars were targeted with petrol bombs. A number of people burnt to death and many more were injured during the period 2013-2014 due to petrol bomb attacks. During the protests in Venezuela from 2014 and into 2017, protesters had used Molotov cocktails similar demonstrators in other countries. As the 2017 Venezuelan protests intensified, demonstrators began using ""Puputovs"", a play on words of Molotov, with glass devices"
"items. Examples of makeshift weapons include: The improvised Molotov cocktail was used with great success by the heavily outnumbered Finnish forces in the Winter War against the Soviet Union. The mixture of flammable petroleum, often thickened with soap or tar, was so effective against the Soviet tanks that the Finns began mass producing Molotov cocktails, and issuing them to their troops. While the first documented use of such improvised incendiary devices was in the Spanish Civil War, their use in the Winter War was much more prevalent, and it was at that time they were named after the Soviet Foreign"
"Molotov criticised Nikita Khrushchev for being a ""right-wing deviationist"". The Molotov cocktail is a term coined by the Finns during the Winter War, as a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary weapons. During the Winter War, the Soviet air force made extensive use of incendiaries and cluster bombs against Finnish troops and fortifications. When Molotov claimed in radio broadcasts that they were not bombing, but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns started to call the air bombs ""Molotov bread baskets"". Soon they responded by attacking advancing tanks with ""Molotov cocktails,"" which were ""a drink"
"reference to Molotov's propaganda broadcasts. When the hand-held bottle firebomb was developed to attack Soviet tanks, the Finns called it the ""Molotov cocktail"", as ""a drink to go with the food"". A Molotov cocktail is a breakable glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as gasoline, alcohol or a napalm-like mixture, with some motor oil added, and usually a source of ignition such as a burning cloth wick held in place by the bottle's stopper. The wick is usually soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than petrol. In action, the wick is lit and the bottle hurled at a target"
"liquid adhere to the target and create clouds of thick, choking smoke. In addition, toxic substances are also known to be added to the mixture, in order to create a suffocating or poisonous gas on the resulting explosion, effectively turning the Molotov cocktail into a makeshift chemical weapon. These include bleach, chlorine, various strong acids, pesticides, among others. Improvised incendiary devices of this type were used for the first time in the Spanish Civil War between July 1936 and April 1939, before they became known as ""Molotov cocktails."" In 1936, General Francisco Franco ordered Spanish Nationalist forces to use the"
"more likely. A British War Office report dated June 1940 noted that: Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the Alko corporation at its Rajamäki distillery, bundled with matches to light them. Production totalled 450,000 during the Winter War. The original recipe of the Molotov cocktail was a mixture of ethanol, tar and gasoline in a bottle. The bottle had two long pyrotechnic storm matches attached to either side. Before use, one or both of the matches was lit; when the bottle broke on impact, the mixture ignited. The storm matches were found to be safer to use than a burning"
"Molotov cocktail A Molotov cocktail, also known as a petrol bomb, bottle bomb, poor man's grenade, Molotovin koktaili (Finnish), polttopullo (Finnish), fire bomb (not to be confused with an actual fire bomb) or just Molotov, sometimes shortened as Molly, is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons. Due to the relative ease of production, Molotov cocktails have been used by street criminals, protesters, rioters, criminal gangs, urban guerrillas, terrorists, hard-line militants, anarchists, irregular soldiers, or even regular soldiers short on equivalent military-issue weapons. They are primarily intended to ignite rather than obliterate targets. The name"
"Portland, Oregon, protesters began throwing balloons filled with ""unknown, foul-smelling liquid"" at officers. As incendiary devices, Molotov cocktails are illegal to manufacture or possess in many regions. In the United States, Molotov cocktails are considered ""destructive devices"" under the National Firearms Act and regulated by the ATF. Molotov cocktail A Molotov cocktail, also known as a petrol bomb, bottle bomb, poor man's grenade, Molotovin koktaili (Finnish), polttopullo (Finnish), fire bomb (not to be confused with an actual fire bomb) or just Molotov, sometimes shortened as Molly, is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons. Due"
"76 Special Incendiary Grenade by the British Home Guard during World War II. Thermite and white phosphorus cause some of the worst and most painful burn injuries because they burn so quickly and at such a high temperature. In addition, white phosphorus is very poisonous: a dose of 50–100 milligrams is lethal to the average human. The Molotov cocktail is an improvised incendiary grenade prepared from a glass bottle filled with gasoline (petrol) or other flammable liquid, ignited by an attached burning strip of cloth when the thrown bottle shatters against its target, dousing the immediate area in flames. The"
"""Molotov cocktails""). The Soviet BT-5 and BT-7 light tanks, which had been operating in temperatures greater than 100F on the Mongolian plains, easily caught fire when a Molotov cocktail ignited their gasoline engines. General Georgy Zhukov made it one of his ""points"" when briefing Joseph Stalin, that his ""...BT tanks were a bit fireprone..."" Conversely, many Japanese tank crews held the Soviet 45mm anti-tank/tank guns in high esteem, noting, ""...no sooner did they see the flash from a Russian gun, than they'd notice a hole in their tank, adding that the Soviet gunners were accurate too!"" After the Khalkhin Gol"
"weapons and insufficient training in modern anti-tank tactics. According to Trotter, the favoured Soviet armoured tactic was a simple frontal charge, the weaknesses of which could be exploited. The Finns learned that at close range, tanks could be dealt with in many ways; for example, logs and crowbars jammed into the bogie wheels would often immobilise a tank. Soon, Finns fielded a better ad hoc weapon, the Molotov cocktail, a glass bottle filled with flammable liquids and with a simple hand-lit fuse. Molotov cocktails were eventually mass-produced by the Finnish ""Alko"" alcoholic beverage corporation and bundled with matches with which"
"undeclared border war with Japan on the frontier with occupied Manchuria, the Soviets deployed numerous tanks against the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). Although the IJA Type 95 Ha-Go light tanks had diesel engines, the Red Army's T-26 and BT tanks used petrol engines which, while common in tank designs of the time, often burst into flames when hit by IJA tank-killer teams using Molotov cocktails. Poor quality welds in the Soviet armour plates left small gaps between them, and flaming petrol from the Molotov cocktails easily seeped into the fighting and engine compartment; portions of the armour plating that had"
"the second Iraq War, IEDs were used extensively against US-led Coalition forces and by the end of 2007 they had become responsible for approximately 63% of Coalition deaths in Iraq. They are also used in Afghanistan by insurgent groups, and have caused over 66% of the Coalition casualties in the 2001–present Afghanistan War. IEDs were also used extensively by cadres of the rebel Tamil Tiger (LTTE) organization against military targets in Sri Lanka. The Molotov cocktail is a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary weapons. Due to the relative ease of production, they are frequently used by"
"States entered into World War II with an unprepared military, low stocks of arms and munitions, and fears of attack or invasion by the Axis Powers. To counter this looming threat, a series of Molotov cocktail-style devices, nominally designated as ""grenades"", were developed in early 1942. It consisted of a pint-sized brown or clear glass bottle that was sealed with a crimped metal cap (like a beer or soda bottle). It had a number of fillers it could contain, each with their own properties, but they were compounds selected because they were activated by exposure to the air. In September"
"Molotov Man Molotov Man is the title by which a photograph taken by Susan Meiselas during the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution has come to be known. Famous in its Nicaraguan context as a symbol of the Sandinista revolution, it has been widely reproduced and remixed. Latterly, outside this context, it was reproduced via an internet meme based on Joy Garnett's 2003 painting ""Molotov"", becoming a prominent case-study of re-use of art. The photograph depicts a man (later found to be called Pablo 'Bareta' Arauz) poised to throw a molotov cocktail, made from a Pepsi bottle, in his right hand, while holding"
"World War, in addition to vodka production, the distillery also produced ""Molotov cocktail"" weapons for the Soviet war effort. The distillery was severely damaged by a German bomb on July 22, 1941, igniting flammable products in the building, but despite the heavy damage production continued. For contributions during the war, the distillery was awarded the Banner of the State Defense Committee. In 1945, Workshop No. 1 was opened as a branch to produce the highest quality beverages for the Soviet political elite, with each bottle that left the workshop featuring a certificate with the list of lastnames and personal signatures"
"amateur protesters and non-professionally equipped fighters in urban guerrilla warfares. They are primarily intended to set targets ablaze rather than instantly destroy them. A Molotov cocktail is a breakable glass bottle containing a flammable substance such as gasoline/petrol or a napalm-like mixture, with some motor oil added, and usually a source of ignition such as a burning cloth wick held in place by the bottle's stopper. The wick is usually soaked in alcohol or kerosene, rather than gasoline. Improvised, or ""home-made"", mortars have been used by insurgent groups, usually to attack fortified military installations or to terrorize civilians. They are"
"would employ later with his tanks against German forces. However, during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol, BT tanks proved vulnerable to Japanese close quarter teams (tank killer squads) which were armed with ""Molotov cocktails"" (fire bottles). The Soviet BT-5 and BT-7 light tanks, which had been operating in 100-degree-plus heat on the Mongolian plains, easily caught fire when a Molotov cocktail ignited their gasoline engines. General Zhukov made it one of his points when briefing Stalin, that his ""...BT tanks were a bit fireprone..."" One of the main competing designs of the T-35 tank was the SMK, which lowered the"
"including blister agents, blood agents, and nerve agents, which required soldiers to get into clumsy and hot chemical protective suits. A ""Featherston Fizz"" is composed of gasoline in a bottle, lit by a cloth wick, and thrown at armored vehicles from close range. In our timeline, they are called Molotov cocktails. The U.S. is one of the first nations to introduce the portable flamethrower, first using it in 1915 against Mormon rebels. Though there are no descriptions of the weapon, it may resemble the German ""Flammenwerfer"" or other early World War I devices. The German Empire was the first state"
"basket."" They also named the improvised incendiary device that they used to counter Soviet tanks, commonly known as the Molotov cocktail, ""a drink to go with the food."" This description seems to have become common currency among the British public in 1940. During the Bristol Blitz, the locals dubbed a similar German device ""Goering's bread basket"". The Soviets had several versions: RRAB-1, RRAB-2, RRAB-3, with capacities of 1000, 500, and 250 kg respectively, each capable of holding various types of submunitions including HE, incendiary, and chemical. Molotov bread basket The RRAB-3 (, ""rotationally dispersing aviation bomb""), nicknamed the Molotov bread"
"dozen men hurled Molotov cocktails at a synagogue in Gothenburg. No injuries were reported, and those inside the building hid in the basement. The incident followed a pro-Palestinian protest. Two day later, an arson attack took place at a Jewish cemetery. On 13 January 2009, Molotov cocktails were thrown inside and outside a funeral chapel at the old Jewish cemetery in the city of Malmö, south Sweden, in what seemed to be an antisemitic act. It was the third time the chapel had been attacked in the few weeks before this incident. In March 2010, Fredrik Sieradzk of the Jewish"
"chlorine gas that was highly lethal, and used it to moderate effect at the Second Battle of Ypres. Gas masks were invented in matter of weeks, and poison gas proved ineffective at winning battles. It was made illegal by all nations in the 1920s. World War II gave rise to even more technology. The worth of the aircraft carrier was proved in the battles between the United States and Japan like the Battle of Midway. Radar was independently invented by the Allies and Axis powers. It used radio waves to detect objects. Molotov cocktails were invented by General Franco in"
"200, and the distillery produced 335 thousands liters in the last quarter. At that period the manufactory produced about 60 beverages and sold them in 70 manufactory's stores in Novgorod, Pskov and Leningrad provinces. In 1938 Novgorod Distillery made the top three at the All-Russia Tasting among 500 alcohol producers for the high quality of beverages. During the World War II distillery workers produced bottles with flame liquid for the front line, which Germans named as ""Molotov cocktail"". Till the beginning of fascist occupation of Novgorod on 19 August 1941, in short period, 70 thousand of bottles have been produced"
"Soviet tanks using Molotov cocktails and machine-pistols. Though the preponderance of the Soviets was immense, they suffered heavy losses, and by 30 October 1956 most Soviet troops had withdrawn from Budapest to garrison the countryside. For a time, the Soviet leadership was unsure how to respond to developments in Hungary, but eventually decided to intervene to prevent a destabilization of the Soviet bloc. On 4 November reinforcements of more than 150,000 troops and 2,500 tanks entered the country from the Soviet Union. Nearly 20,000 Hungarians were killed resisting the intervention, while an additional 21,600 were imprisoned afterwards for political reasons."
"and chemical warheads. With the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russia inherited most of its military arsenal including its large complement of MRLs. In recent history, they have been used by Russian forces during the First and Second Chechen Wars and by Armenian and Azerbaijani forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. Georgian government forces are reported to have used BM-21 or similar rocket artillery in fighting in the 2008 South Ossetia war. Katyusha-like launchers were exported to Afghanistan, Angola, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, East Germany, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, Syria, Yemen and Vietnam. They were also built in Czechoslovakia, the"
"bar, named Al-Sayyad, with a Molotov cocktail. They picked a fight with door security and then threw the firebomb inside the club before fleeing the scene. All victims, 12 men and 5 women, were employees of the club. Investigations revealed that the emergency exit door was locked with chains, contributing to the high death toll. On 16 January 2016, Cairo prosecutors charged all four suspects with murder in relation to the arson attack. 2015 Cairo restaurant fire On December 4, 2015 a molotov cocktail was thrown into the El Sayad restaurant in Cairo, Egypt. The resultant fire killed 17 people,"
"starting the fire with two Molotov cocktails. Police traced one of the phone calls made to reporters to a house in Victoria Park. Police said the two friends acted alone, unconnected to the anti-nuclear movement, and the Pacific Popular Front did not exist. Boscovich, a Zimbabwean-born Australian citizen and Curtin University student formerly known as Michael Joseph Keenan, pleaded guilty on 21 July 1995 to arson, and was sentenced on 28 August 1995 to three years jail with eligibility for parole. The fire was started when two Molotov cocktails, made using glass wine bottles, cloth and $1.25 worth of petrol,"
"use Molotov cocktails. In December 1971 Inge Viett was one of the ""squatters"" involved in the occupation of the so-called , close to her home in Berlin-Kreuzberg. When police made a move towards the house, and took up positions directly in front of it, it was her fellow squatters who prevented her from throwing Molotov cocktails at them from the roof. Other ""actions"" in 1971 were directed against the display windows of wedding dress shops and sex shops. On at least one occasion she undertook her actions with fellow activist Verena Becker: people clearing up the broken glass of the"
"agents inflicted an estimated 1.3 million casualties. Nevertheless, in the following years, chemical weapons were used in several, mainly colonial, wars where one side had an advantage in equipment over the other. The British used poison gas, possibly adamsite, against Russian revolutionary troops beginning on 27 August 1919 and contemplated using chemical weapons against Iraqi insurgents in the 1920s; Bolshevik troops used poison gas to suppress the Tambov Rebellion in 1920, Spain used chemical weapons in Morocco against Rif tribesmen throughout the 1920s and Italy used mustard gas in Libya in 1930 and again during its invasion of Ethiopia in"