"rainbow logo flag on a white field, to clearly promote and strengthen the cooperative image, but still use the rainbow image. Other organizations sometimes use the traditional rainbow flag as a symbol of cooperation. Like the rainbow, this flag is a symbol of hope and peace. The seven colours from flags around the world fly in harmony. Each of the seven colours in the co-operative flag have been assigned the following meaning: The ICA has been flying a flag with its official logo since April 2001, when its Board decided to replace the traditional rainbow flag. Its use by a"
"color in question. The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum—named using the Latin word for ""appearance"" or ""apparition"" by Isaac Newton in 1671—include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength only, the ""pure spectral"" or ""monochromatic"" colors. The table at right shows approximate frequencies (in terahertz) and wavelengths (in nanometers) for various pure spectral colors. The wavelengths listed are as measured in air or vacuum (see refractive index). The color table should not be interpreted as a definitive list—the pure spectral colors form a continuous spectrum, and how it is divided"
"Any distinct bands perceived are an artefact of human colour vision, and no banding of any type is seen in a black-and-white photo of a rainbow, only a smooth gradation of intensity to a maximum, then fading towards the other side. For colours seen by the human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence is Newton's sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, remembered by the mnemonic ""Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain"" (ROYGBIV). Rainbows can be caused by many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and airborne dew."
"ROYGBIV ROYGBIV or Roy G. Biv is an initialism for the sequence of hues commonly described as making up a rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. The initialism is sometimes referred to in reverse order, as VIBGYOR. In Classical Antiquity, Aristotle claimed there was a scale of seven basic colors. In the Renaissance, several artists tried to establish a new sequence of up to seven primary colors from which all other colors could be mixed. In line with this artistic tradition, Newton divided his color circle, which he constructed to explain additive color mixing, into seven colors."
"the rainbow identified by Isaac Newton, and it does not have its own wavelength of light. For this reason, it is called a ""non-spectral color"". It exists in culture and art, but not, in the same way that violet does, in optics. It is simply a combination, in various proportions, of two primary colors, red and blue. In color theory, a ""purple"" is defined as any non-spectral color between violet and red (excluding violet and red themselves). The spectral colors violet and indigo are not purples according to color theory, but they are purples according to common English usage since"
"and no banding of any type is seen in a black-and-white photograph of a rainbow (only a smooth gradation of intensity to a maxima, then fading to a minima at the other side of the arc). For colors seen by a normal human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence, in English, is Newton's sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (popularly memorized by mnemonics like Roy G. Biv). However, color-blind persons will see fewer colors. Rainbows can be caused by many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and airborne"
"Rainbow flag A rainbow flag is a multicolored flag consisting of the colors of the rainbow. The actual colors shown differ, but many of the designs are based on the traditional scheme of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. There are several independent rainbow flags in use today. The most widely known worldwide is the pride flag representing LGBT pride (since 1978). The peace flag is especially popular in Italy (since 1961). The International Co-operative Alliance adopted a rainbow flag in 1925. A similar flag is used in Andean indigenism in Peru and Bolivia to represent the legacy"
"formula_1 is the minimum number of colors needed to strongly rainbow-connect formula_1, and is denoted by formula_6. Clearly, each strong rainbow coloring is also a rainbow coloring, while the converse is not true in general. It is easy to observe that to rainbow-connect any connected graph formula_1, we need at least formula_8 colors, where formula_8 is the diameter of formula_1 (i.e. the length of the longest shortest path). On the other hand, we can never use more than formula_11 colors, where formula_11 denotes the number of edges in formula_1. Finally, because each strongly rainbow-connected graph is rainbow-connected, we have that"
"which resulted in a six stripe version of the flag — red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. In 1989, the rainbow flag came to nationwide attention in the United States after John Stout sued his landlords and won when they attempted to prohibit him from displaying the flag from his West Hollywood, California, apartment balcony. For the 25th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots in 1994, flag creator Baker was commissioned to create the world's largest rainbow flag. It took months of planning and teams of volunteers to coordinate every aspect. The flag utilized the basic six colors and measured"
"formula_14. The following are the extremal cases: The above shows that in terms of the number of vertices, the upper bound formula_19 is the best possible in general. In fact, a rainbow coloring using formula_20 colors can be constructed by coloring the edges of a spanning tree of formula_1 in distinct colors. The remaining uncolored edges are colored arbitrarily, without introducing new colors. When formula_1 is 2-connected, we have that formula_23. Moreover, this is tight as witnessed by e.g. odd cycles. The rainbow or the strong rainbow connection number has been determined for some structured graph classes: The problem of"
"to it. Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow Pride flag for the 1978 San Francisco Gay Freedom Celebration. The flag does not depict an actual rainbow. Rather, the colors of the rainbow are displayed as horizontal stripes, with red at the top and violet at the bottom. It represents the diversity of gays and lesbians around the world. In the original eight-color version, pink stood for sexuality, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for the sun, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony, and violet for spirit. A copy of the original 20-by-30 foot, eight-color flag was remade"
"appear to have these colors are rare and depend on some additional optical effect. The (blackbody) colors of stars are sometimes confused with the colors of the spectrum. The spectral (rainbow) colors are those on the curved part of the boundary of the diagram on the right. As can be seen, the red, orange, yellow and blue rainbow colors happen to be much the same as blackbody colors. However, stars whose peak emission is green light also emit much red and blue light, and the human visual system happens to interpret this mixture of colors as whitish rather than green."
"the Great Flood, God set the rainbow to a seal the alliance with man and nature, promising that there will never be another Flood. The rainbow thus became a symbol of Peace across the earth and the sky, and, by extension, among all men. The flag usually has the colours violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red from top to bottom, but some have the violet stripe below the blue one (as in the picture at the right) or a white one at the top. A picture of Capitini's first peace flag, carried by Anna Capitini and Silvana Mencaroni,"
"a rainbow tree in formula_1 containing the vertices of formula_46. The formula_42-rainbow index formula_52 of formula_1 is the minimum number of colors needed in a formula_42-rainbow coloring of formula_1. A formula_42-rainbow coloring using formula_52 colors is called a ""minimum formula_42-rainbow coloring"". Thus formula_59 is the rainbow connection number of formula_1. Rainbow connection has also been studied in vertex-colored graphs. This concept was introduced by Krivelevich and Yuster. Here, the rainbow vertex-connection number of a graph formula_1, denoted by formula_62, is the minimum number of colors needed to color formula_1 such that for each pair of vertices, there is a path"
"that time largely influenced by pioneering gay activist Allen Ginsberg. The flag originally comprised eight stripes; Baker assigned specific meaning to each of the colors: Thirty volunteers hand-dyed and stitched the first two flags for the parade. After the assassination of gay San Francisco City Supervisor Harvey Milk on November 27, 1978, demand for the rainbow flag greatly increased. To meet demand, the Paramount Flag Company began selling a version of the flag using stock rainbow fabric with seven stripes: red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, blue, and violet. As Baker ramped up production of his version of the flag, he"
"Rainbow coloring In graph theory, a path in an edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if no color repeats on it. A graph is said to be rainbow-connected (or rainbow colored) if there is a rainbow path between each pair of its vertices. If there is a rainbow shortest path between each pair of vertices, the graph is said to be strongly rainbow-connected (or strongly rainbow colored). The rainbow connection number of a graph formula_1 is the minimum number of colors needed to rainbow-connect formula_1, and is denoted by formula_3. Similarly, the strong rainbow connection number of a graph"
"colours, or five of the Nguni (i.e., Xhosa and Zulu) cosmology, the colours are not taken literally to represent particular cultural groups. ""Rainbow nation"", as a spoken metaphor for South African unity is uniquely (although not deliberately) represented by the South African flag, which sports 6 different colours. South African political commentators have been known to speculate on ""rainbowism"", whereby true domestic issues such as the legacy of racism, crime, and the like are glossed over and ""sugar-coated"" by the cover of rainbow peace. South African politician, academic, and noted poet Jeremy Cronin cautions: Rainbow nation Rainbow nation is a"
"avoid disease appears to pre-date the Incan empire. In New Age and Hindu philosophy, the seven colours of the rainbow represent the seven chakras, from the first chakra (red) to the seventh chakra (violet). Rainbows are generally described as very colourful and peaceful. The rainbow occurs often in paintings. Frequently these have a symbolic or programmatic significance (for example, Albrecht Dürer's Melancholia I). In particular, the rainbow appears regularly in religious art (for example, Joseph Anton Koch's ""Noah's Thank Offering""). Romantic landscape painters such as Turner and Constable were more concerned with recording fleeting effects of light (for example, Constable's"
"as ""blue"" would today be regarded as cyan, and what Newton called ""indigo"" would today be considered blue. The colour pattern of a rainbow is different from a spectrum, and the colours are less saturated. There is spectral smearing in a rainbow owing to the fact that for any particular wavelength, there is a distribution of exit angles, rather than a single unvarying angle. In addition, a rainbow is a blurred version of the bow obtained from a point source, because the disk diameter of the sun (0.5°) cannot be neglected compared to the width of a rainbow (2°). The"
"with red on the outside. Double rainbows are produced by two internal reflections with angular size of 50.5° to 54° with violet on the outside. Within the ""primary rainbow"" (the lowest, and also normally the brightest rainbow) the arc of a rainbow shows red on the outer (or upper) part of the arc, and violet on the inner section. This rainbow is caused by light being reflected once in droplets of water. In a double rainbow, a second arc may be seen above and outside the primary arc, and has the order of its colors reversed (red faces inward toward"
"are four colours – red, green, yellow, and blue – each represented by a clear gem (red – Carbuncle, green – Heliodor, yellow – Chrysolite, blue – Amethyst), an opaque gem (red – Carnelian/red Jasper, green – green Jasper, yellow – yellow Jasper/yellow Serpentine, blue - Lapis Lazuli), and a striped gem (red – Sardonyx, green – Malachite, yellow – pale golden Agate, blue – sky-blue Agate). The four colours of red, green, yellow, and blue, are the first four colours (apart from black and white) distinguished by languages, and are distinguished in all cultures with at least six colour"
"Rainbow rose The rainbow rose is a rose that has had its petals artificially coloured. The method exploits the rose's natural processes by which water is drawn up the stem. By splitting the stem and dipping each part in different coloured water, the colours are drawn into the petals resulting in a multicolored rose. With these changes to the rose, it causes them to not live as long as an uncoloured rose. The Rose colors are artificial Besides roses, other cut flowers like the chrysanthemum, carnation, hydrangea, and some species of orchids can also be colored using the same method."
"are red, yellow, and blue. The secondary colors — orange, green, and purple — are made by combining the primary colors. In the red–yellow–blue system as used in traditional painting and interior design, tertiary colors are typically named by combining the names of the adjacent primary and secondary. The terms for the RYB tertiary colors are not set. For the six RYB hues intermediate between the RYB primary and secondary colors, the names amber/marigold (yellow–orange), vermilion/cinnabar (red–orange), magenta (red–purple), violet/indigo (blue–purple), teal/aqua (blue-green), and chartreuse/lime green (yellow–green) are commonly found. The names for the twelve quaternary colors are more variable,"
"later re-add those colors when they became more widely available. As of 2008, the most common variant consists of six stripes, with the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Baker referred to this version of the flag as the ""commercial version"", because it came about due to practical considerations of mass production. Specifically, the rainbow flag lost its hot pink stripe when Baker approached the Paramount Flag Company to begin mass-producing them, and the hot pink fabric was too rare and expensive to include. The rainbow flag lost its turquoise stripe before the 1979 Gay Freedom Day Parade,"
"Rainbow A rainbow is a meteorological phenomenon that is caused by reflection, refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a spectrum of light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured circular arc. Rainbows caused by sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun. Rainbows can be full circles. However, the observer normally sees only an arc formed by illuminated droplets above the ground, and centered on a line from the sun to the observer's eye. In a primary rainbow, the arc shows red on the outer part and violet"
"connecting them whose internal vertices are assigned distinct colors. Rainbow coloring In graph theory, a path in an edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if no color repeats on it. A graph is said to be rainbow-connected (or rainbow colored) if there is a rainbow path between each pair of its vertices. If there is a rainbow shortest path between each pair of vertices, the graph is said to be strongly rainbow-connected (or strongly rainbow colored). The rainbow connection number of a graph formula_1 is the minimum number of colors needed to rainbow-connect formula_1, and is denoted by formula_3."
"whichever colour they wanted. Red and purple tabards can still be purchased. The Rainbow promise is a shortened version of the Brownie and Girl Guides' promise, adapted to accommodate the Rainbows' young age. The promise is: Rainbows meet approximately once a week during term time, with some appropriate day trips and sleepovers. The Rainbow programme is called the Jigsaw. It consists of four areas: Look, Learn, Laugh and Love. Rainbow meetings and extra activities should focus on these areas. Rainbows earn badges called Roundabouts. They are completed as a unit and require girls to complete an activity for each of"
"if they exist at all, though indigo and scarlet are standard for blue–violet and red–vermilion. In another sense, a tertiary color is obtained by mixing secondary-colored pigments. These three colors are russet (orange–purple), slate (purple–green), and citron (green–orange), with the corresponding three quaternary colors plum (russet–slate), sage (slate–citron), buff (citron–russet) (with olive sometimes used for either slate or citron). Beyond that are shades of grey (blue grey and brown greys), which approach but never quite reach black. The RYB color terminology outlined above and in the color samples shown below is ultimately derived from the 1835 book ""Chromatography"", an analysis"
"6) with their reflected counterparts below it (7, 8). Occasionally a shower may happen at sunrise or sunset, where the shorter wavelengths like blue and green have been scattered and essentially removed from the spectrum. Further scattering may occur due to the rain, and the result can be the rare and dramatic monochrome or red rainbow. In addition to the common primary and secondary rainbows, it is also possible for rainbows of higher orders to form. The order of a rainbow is determined by the number of light reflections inside the water droplets that create it: One reflection results in"
"24-bit displays, the use of the full 16.7 million colors of the HTML RGB color code no longer poses problems for most viewers. The web-safe color palette consists of the 216 (6) combinations of red, green, and blue where each color can take one of six values (in hexadecimal): #00, #33, #66, #99, #CC or #FF (based on the 0 to 255 range for each value discussed above). These hexadecimal values = 0, 51, 102, 153, 204, 255 in decimal, which = 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% in terms of intensity. This seems fine for splitting up 216 colors"
"rainbow flag design was adopted during October 1996. The white color of the cloth represents purity. Rainbows are the biblical symbol of peace, happiness, goodness. The number of bands of the rainbow equal to the number of candles in the Menorah, one of the national religious Jewish symbols. The Menorah speaks of the creation of the world in seven days, and the number of bands of the rainbow emphasizes the connection with the ancient Jewish symbol. Also, the rainbow may symbolize the Seven Noahide laws. Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast The Jewish Autonomous Oblast is situated in the Far"
"Paul Kay describe a pattern in naming ""basic"" colors (like ""red"" but not ""red-orange"" or ""dark red"" or ""blood red"", which are ""shades"" of red). All languages that have two ""basic"" color names distinguish dark/cool colors from bright/warm colors. The next colors to be distinguished are usually red and then yellow or green. All languages with six ""basic"" colors include black, white, red, green, blue, and yellow. The pattern holds up to a set of twelve: black, gray, white, pink, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, and azure (distinct from blue in Russian and Italian, but not English). Individual"
"His color sequence including the tertiary color indigo is kept alive today by the ""Roy G. Biv"" mnemonic. Originally he used only five colors, but later he added orange and indigo to match the number of musical notes in the major scale. The Munsell color system, the first formal color notation system (1905), names only five ""principal hues"": red, yellow, green, blue, and purple (although note that Munsell's purple is not a spectral hue). Another traditional mnemonic device has been to turn the initial letters of seven spectral colors into a sentence. In Britain the most common is ""Richard Of"