"Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS The Bolshevik Platform of the CPSU (in Russian: ""Большевистская платформа в КПСС"") is a communist political association on the territory of the former Soviet Union. It was founded on July 13, 1991 on the Initiative of the association Unity - for Leninism and the Communist Ideals that had been set up in 1988 in opposition to the politics of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev. Unity and the Platform were led by Nina Andreyeva. When the CPSU was banned in 1991 the majority of the Platform favoured"
"Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (; derived from ""bol'shinstvo"" (большинство), ""majority"", literally meaning ""one of the majority""), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk in Belarus to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party. In the Second Party Congress vote, the Bolsheviks won on the majority of important issues, hence their name. They ultimately became the Communist Party of the"
"seen trying to recruit peasants and uneducated workers by promising them how glorious life would be after the revolution while granting them temporary concessions. In 1918, the party renamed itself the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) at Lenin's suggestion. In 1925, this was changed to All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). At the 19th Party Congress in 1952 the Bolshevik Party was renamed the Communist Party of the Soviet Union according to Stalin's suggestion. ""Bolo"" was a derogatory expression for Bolsheviks used by British service personnel in the North Russian Expeditionary Force which intervened against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War."
"the Bolshevik side because they saw it as the only hope for restoring greatness to Russia. Amongst these was Professor Nikolai Ustrialov, initially an anti-communist, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsy (named after a series of articles he published in 1921) ""Smena vekh"" (Russian: change of milestones), came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowing the term from Niekisch. Similar ideas were expressed by the Evraziitsi party and the pro-monarchist Mladorossi. Joseph Stalin's idea of socialism in one country was interpreted as a victory by the National Bolsheviks. Vladimir"
"Adolf Hitler, Joseph Goebbels and other Nazi leaders used it in reference to the worldwide political movement coordinated by the Comintern. During the days of the Cold War in the United Kingdom, labour union leaders and other leftists were sometimes derisively described as ""Bolshies"". The usage is roughly equivalent to the term ""commie"", ""Red"", or ""pinko"" in the United States during the same period. The term ""Bolshie"" later became a slang term for anyone who was rebellious, aggressive, or truculent. by Bertrand Russell, November 1920. Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (; derived from ""bol'shinstvo"" (большинство), ""majority"", literally"
"in the first two decades of the twentieth century when Russian social democracy divided into Bolshevik (meaning """"of the majority"""") and Menshevik (meaning ""of the minority"") factions. Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, argued that a revolutionary party should be a small vanguard party with a centralized political command and a strict cadre policy emphasizing subservience to the party’s decisions; the Menshevik faction members like Trotsky, in contrast, argued that the party should not neglect the important role to be played by the masses in a communist revolution. The Bolshevik party, which eventually became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,"
"and on the editorial board of the newspaper Iskra. Their opponents were the Mensheviks, whose name literally means ""Those of the minority"" and is derived from the word меньшинство (""men'shinstvo"", English: minority). On 7 November 1917, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, transliteration: ""Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika"") was proclaimed. The Bolsheviks changed their name to Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in March 1918; to All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in December 1925; and to Communist Party of the Soviet Union in October 1952. Polish Anti-Bolshevik propaganda was most actively circulated during the Polish"
"the idiomatic Russian word for a grenade. The main editor of ""Limonka"" for many years was Aleksey Volynets. The NBP believes in the National Bolshevik ideas that arose during the Russian Civil War, such as those from Professor Nikolai Ustrialov, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsy, who then came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowed the term from Ernst Niekisch, who was a German politician initially associated with left-wing politics and later proponent of the National Bolshevik ideology. Limonov and Dugin sought to unite far-left and far-right radicals"
"Bolsheviks (meaning ""majority"") led by Vladimir Lenin, and the Mensheviks (meaning minority) led by Julius Martov. Up until 1912, both groups continued to stay united under the name ""RSDLP,"" but significant differences between Lenin and Martov thought split the party for its final time. Not only did these groups fight with each other, but also had common enemies, notably, those trying to bring the Tsar back to power. Following the February Revolution, the Mensheviks gained control of Russia and established a provisional government, but this lasted only a few months until the Bolsheviks took power in the October Revolution, also"
"Mensheviks The Mensheviks () were a faction in the Russian socialist movement, the other being the Bolsheviks. The factions emerged in 1903 following a dispute in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) between Julius Martov and Vladimir Lenin. The dispute originated at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP, ostensibly over minor issues of party organization. Martov's supporters, who were in the minority in a crucial vote on the question of party membership, came to be called Mensheviks, derived from the Russian word (minority), while Lenin's adherents were known as Bolsheviks, from (majority). Neither side held a consistent majority over"
"National Bolshevism National Bolshevism, whose supporters are known as the Nazbols (), is a political movement that combines elements of nationalism (especially Russian nationalism) and Bolshevism. Leading proponents of National Bolshevism in Germany were Ernst Niekisch, Heinrich Laufenberg and Karl Otto Paetel. In Russia the term was used by Nikolay Ustryalov and his followers, the Smenovekhovtsy. In modern times leading practitioners and theorists of National Bolshevism include Aleksandr Dugin and Eduard Limonov, who leads the unregistered and banned National Bolshevik Party (NBP) in Russia. National Bolshevism as a term was first used to describe a current in the Communist Party"
"factions permanently broke off relations in January 1912 after the Bolsheviks organised a Bolsheviks-only Prague Party Conference and formally expelled Mensheviks and recallists from the party. As a result, they ceased to be a faction in the RSDLP and instead declared themselves an independent party, called Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) – or RSDLP(b). Unofficially, the party has been referred to as the Bolshevik Party. Throughout the century, the party adopted a number of different names. In 1918, RSDLP(b) became All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and remained so until 1925. From 1925–1952, the name was All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and"
"was evenly split between the two factions. From 1907 on, English language articles sometimes used the term ""Maximalist"" for ""Bolshevik"" and ""Minimalist"" for ""Menshevik"", which proved confusing since there was also a ""Maximalist"" faction within the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party in 1904–1906 (which after 1906 formed a separate Union of Socialists-Revolutionaries Maximalists) and then again after 1917. The average party member was very young. In 1907, 22% of Bolsheviks were under 20, 37% were 20–24 and 16% were 25–29. By 1905, 62% of the members were industrial workers (3% of the population in 1897). 22% of Bolsheviks were gentry (1.7%"
"Bolshevik leaders, such as self-questioning (""a question arises...""), metonymy (""some countries..."") and expressions or anecdotes from criminal subculture. In September 2015, Alexandr Bastrykin, head of the Investigative Committee of Russia, gave an interview in which he presented a version of events around the arrest of Nadia Savchenko that included her ""voluntarily crossing the Russian border"" and ""living for 4 days in hotels"" on the territory of Russia before she was arrested, and completely contradicted previous reports by Donetsk People's Republic militia of her being taken prisoner of war, including videos of her interrogation. In the same interview Bastrykin also accused"
"Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) was an early anti-revisionist movement claimed to be an underground political outfit in the Soviet Union which criticized the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev as revisionist. It upheld the legacy of Joseph Stalin and accused the post-Stalin Soviet leadership of deviating from the socialist path. It represented the line taken by the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania after the Sino-Soviet Split. Little is known about the group. A programmatic document of the group was released in connection with the 1966 congress of the Party of Labour of Albania. It"
"Bolsheviks, the vanguard party who led the fight for the political independence of the working class. In the 1925–1929 period, Joseph Stalin established Leninism as the official and only legitimate form of Marxism in Russia by amalgamating the political philosophies as Marxism–Leninism, which then became the state ideology of the Soviet Union. In the 19th century, ""The Communist Manifesto"" (1848), by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, called for the international political unification of the European working classes in order to achieve a communist revolution and proposed that because the socio-economic organization of communism was of a higher form than that"
"include the whole of Europe and Russia, as well as Northern/Central Asia to be governed under Russian dominance. Although the group never managed to obtain an official party status, it remains active in protests on various social and political issues, in particular harshly criticizing the government of Vladimir Putin. One party platform used in the past supports a man's right not to pay attention when his girlfriend talks to him. One of the first members – the fourth – of the National Bolshevik Party was the punk legend Yegor Letov, leader of the band GrOb. In 1996 a Russian court"
"final split, with the Bolsheviks constituting the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) and the Mensheviks the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks). The Menshevik faction split further in 1914 at the beginning of World War I. Most Mensheviks opposed the war, but a vocal minority supported it in terms of ""national defense"". After the overthrow of the Romanov dynasty by the February Revolution in 1917, the Menshevik leadership led by Irakli Tsereteli demanded that the government pursue a ""fair peace without annexations"", but in the meantime supported the war effort under the slogan of ""defense of the revolution"". Along"
"Bolshevik Party. The congress made all its decisions subordinate to the chief objective, which was to train the working class and the peasant poor for an armed uprising to bring about the victory of the socialist revolution. In a manifesto addressed to all working people, all workers, soldiers and peasants of Russia, it called on them to gather strength and prepare, under the banners of the Bolshevik Party, for the decisive battle with the bourgeoisie. Among those the congress elected to the Central Committee were V. I. Lenin, Y. A. Berzin, A. S. Bubnov, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, A. M. Kollontai,"
"The Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks were a professional wrestling tag team in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from late 1987 until the spring of 1990. The team was composed of Nikolai Volkoff and Boris Zhukov portraying a pair of Russian Communist bad guys. Volkoff was born Josip Peruzovic on October 14, 1947. Although he portrayed a Russian as a wrestler, he was, in fact, from Croatia. Zhukov was an American named Jim Harrel, who had spent the previous few years of his wrestling career portraying a Russian. Zhukov was brought in from the American Wrestling Association (he was one-half of AWA"
"assumption was based on a study of the language used in the text and direct references to Molotov and his associates in inner party struggles. Molotov had been expelled from the CPSU after the takeover by Khrushchev. Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) Soviet Revolutionary Communists (Bolsheviks) was an early anti-revisionist movement claimed to be an underground political outfit in the Soviet Union which criticized the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev as revisionist. It upheld the legacy of Joseph Stalin and accused the post-Stalin Soviet leadership of deviating from the socialist path. It represented the line taken by the People's Republic of China"
"and the steps they took to control it. Bolsheviks consisted of many people with non-Russian, Communist Russians and influential Jewish backgrounds such as Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev, Grigori Sokolnikov who were indifferent towards Christianity and based on the writings of German philosopher Karl Marx with Marxism–Leninism as an ideology went on to form the Communist party. Thus the USSR became one of the first communist states to proclaim, as an ideological objective, the elimination of religion and its replacement with universal atheism. The communist government ridiculed religions and their believers, and propagated atheism in schools. The"
"Old Bolshevik Old Bolshevik (), also Old Bolshevik Guard or Old Party Guard, became an unofficial designation for those who were members of the Bolshevik party before the Russian Revolution of 1917. Those who joined the party after the February Revolution were considered Old Bolsheviks as their membership predated the Bolsheviks' seizure of power during the October Revolution. Many of the Old Guard were either tried and executed by the NKVD during the Great Purge of 1936–38 or died under suspicious circumstances. Vladimir Lenin expressed the opinion that what one could call the ""old party guard"", a ""thinnest layer"", had"
"had opposed World War I reacted gushingly to the Russian Revolution. Though they were still coming to grips with the evolving Bolshevik ideology and despite traditional anarchist suspicions of Marxism, they saw in Russia a revolution that had taken place against parliamentary politics and under the influence of workers' councils. They also, at this point, had only limited knowledge of the reality in Russia. Augustin Souchy, a German anarcho-syndicalist, hailed it ""the great passion that swept us all along. In the East, so we believed, the sun of freedom rose."" The Spanish CNT declared: ""Bolshevism is the name, but the"
"party members who participated in one of the party's organisations. Martov's view prevailed at first 28 to 23 votes, but the 5 Bundist delegates and 2 Economists walked out in reaction for the denying of their respective issues, and Lenin's view now won a slight majority. They referred to themselves as Bolsheviks throughout the Congress, hence their adoption of the name Bolshevik which literally means 'person of the majority'. The minority or 'Menshevik' faction adopted the corresponding title. The vote on the editorial board was not seen as important by any of the disputants at the time, and in fact"
"new party's program. According to the program, ""the main goal of the National Bolshevik Party is to change Russia into a modern, powerful state, respected by other countries and peoples and beloved by its own citizens"" by ensuring the free development of civil society, the independence of the media and social justice. The NBP was highly critical of President Vladimir Putin's government and argued that state institutions such as the bureaucracy, the police and the courts were corrupt and authoritarian. Since its formation, National Bolshevik Party had relationship with the Russian counterculture. National Bolsheviks often used punk-stylized shock aesthetics in"
"world order. NBF ideology is deeply rooted in the Russian and German National Bolshevik traditions (Ernst Niekisch, Nikolay Ustryalov, the Smenavekhites and the Mladorossi movement) and they reject political and economic liberalism as well as claiming to reject ethnocentric and chauvinist nationalism. Although it is not officially supported by NBF doctrine, xenophobia, racism and antisemitism are much more mainstreamed by the aggressive NBF when compared to the more progressive Limonovist NBP. National Bolshevik Front National Bolshevik Front (NBF) has been used as a name for three separate strands of National Bolshevism. The name initially applied to the Russian National Bolshevik"
"Stern. National Bolshevism National Bolshevism, whose supporters are known as the Nazbols (), is a political movement that combines elements of nationalism (especially Russian nationalism) and Bolshevism. Leading proponents of National Bolshevism in Germany were Ernst Niekisch, Heinrich Laufenberg and Karl Otto Paetel. In Russia the term was used by Nikolay Ustryalov and his followers, the Smenovekhovtsy. In modern times leading practitioners and theorists of National Bolshevism include Aleksandr Dugin and Eduard Limonov, who leads the unregistered and banned National Bolshevik Party (NBP) in Russia. National Bolshevism as a term was first used to describe a current in the Communist"
"Bolsheviks, the first recorded use of the term in a German context. Radek subsequently courted some of the radical nationalists he had met in prison to unite with the Bolsheviks in the name of National Bolshevism. He saw in a revival of National Bolshevism a way to ""remove the capitalist isolation"" of the Soviet Union. During the 1920s, a number of German intellectuals began a dialogue which created a synthesis between radical nationalism (typically referencing Prussianism) and Bolshevism as it existed in the Soviet Union. The main figure in this was Ernst Niekisch of the Old Social Democratic Party of"
"Bolshevik Party in the form of """"Partiya Lenina"""" (""The party of Lenin""). These lyrics were also present in the original Bolshevik party anthem at the same location within the melody, followed by the lyrics """"Partiya Stalina"""" (""The party of Stalin""). After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation adopted a new wordless anthem called the ""Patriotic Song"", although there were suggestions for adopting lyrics. As a result, a few different versions were produced. In 2000, the current national anthem of Russia was introduced, which used the music of the Soviet national anthem and new lyrics written"
"the designation non-party Bolsheviks. Similarly. B. D. Grekov's National Bolshevik school of historiography, a frequent target under Lenin, was officially recognised and even promoted under Stalin, albeit after accepting the main tenets of Stalinism. Indeed, it has been argued that National Bolshevism was the main impetus for the revival of patriotism as an official part of state ideology in the 1930s. The term National Bolshevism has sometimes been applied to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and his brand of anti-communism. However, Geoffrey Hosking argues in his ""History of the Soviet Union"" that Solzhenitsyn cannot be labelled a National Bolshevik since he was thoroughly"
"the peasant communes; and the right of self-determination of every national people of the Russias. Luxemburg said that the strategic (geopolitical) mistakes of the Bolsheviks would create great dangers for the Russian Revolution, such as the bureaucratisation that would arise to administrate the oversized country that was Bolshevik Russia. In defence of expedient revolutionary practise, Lenin criticised in """" (1920) the political and ideological complaints of the anti-Bolshevik critics who claimed ideologically correct stances that were to the political-left of Lenin. In Marxist philosophy, the term ""left communism"" identifies a range of communist political perspectives that are left-wing among communists."
"and internationalistic ideology of the Bolsheviks (""See proletarian internationalism, bourgeois nationalism"") was incompatible with Jewish traditionalism. Bolsheviks such as Trotsky echoed sentiments dismissing Jewish heritage in place of ""internationalism"". Soon after seizing power, the Bolsheviks established the Yevsektsiya, the Jewish section of the Communist party in order to destroy the rival Bund and Zionist parties, suppress Judaism and replace traditional Jewish culture with ""proletarian culture"". In March 1919, Vladimir Lenin delivered a speech ""On Anti-Jewish Pogroms"" on a gramophone disc. Lenin sought to explain the phenomenon of antisemitism in Marxist terms. According to Lenin, antisemitism was an ""attempt to divert"