"40 years and they breed during winter with an overlap into the rainy season. Females produce offspring starting at age 5, and thereafter in a cycle of 2 years. Typically, Bactrian camels seen alone are postdispersal young individuals which have just reached sexual maturity. Their habitat is in arid plains and hills where water sources are scarce and very little vegetation exists with shrubs as their main food source. These habitats have widely varying temperatures: the summer temperature ranges from and winter temperature a low of . Wild Bactrian camels travel over long distances, seeking water in places close to"
"liters at once. When well fed, the humps are plump and erect, but as resources decline, the humps shrink and lean to the side. When moving faster than a walking speed, they pace, by stepping forwards with both legs on the same side (as opposed to trotting, using alternate diagonals as done by most other quadrupeds). Speeds of up to have been recorded, but they rarely move this fast. Bactrian camels are also said to be good swimmers. The sense of sight is well developed and the sense of smell is extremely good. The lifespan of Bactrian camels is estimated"
"Bactrian camel and has been described as ""lithe, and slender-legged, with very narrow feet and a body that looks laterally compressed."" The humps of the wild Bactrian camel are smaller, lower and more conical in shape than those of the Bactrian camel. These humps may often be about half the size of those of a domesticated Bactrian camel. The wild Bactrian camel has a flatter skull (""havtagai"", the Mongolian name for a wild Bactrian camel, means ""flat-head"") and a different shape of foot. The wool of the wild Bactrian camel is always sandy coloured and shorter and sparser than that"
"of domesticated Bactrian camels. The wild Bactrian camel can also survive on water saltier than seawater, something which no other mammal in the world, including the Bactrian camel, can tolerate. Wild Bactrian camels generally move in groups of up to 30 individuals, although 6 to 20 is more common depending on the amount of food available. They are fully migratory and widely scattered with a population density as low as 5 per 100 km. They travel with a single adult male in the lead and assemble near water points where larger groups can also be seen. Their lifespan is about"
"large hump instead of two or one smaller ones. Generally a ""Camelus bactrianus"" × ""Camelus dromedarius"" hybrid is called an F1. It usually has a single large hump, sometimes slightly divided, and is larger than both parents, reaching 230 cm at the shoulder and up to 1000 kg. This type of camel is extremely strong and is useful for hard work such as plowing and carrying loads. It was also used in war by the Ottoman Turks. It is generally docile and tame. It is fertile. Pure camel hybrids are mostly found in Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey; but they"
"base genetic code. However, with so few wild camels, what the natural genetic diversity within a population would have been is not clear. Another difference is the ability of these wild camels to drink saltwater slush, although whether the camel can extract useful water from it is not yet certain. Domesticated camels are unable to drink such salty water. The Bactrian camel is the largest mammal in its native range and is the largest living camel. Shoulder height is from , head-and-body length is , and the tail length is . At the top of the humps, the average height"
"camel species. Adult males range in height between at the shoulder; females range between . Males typically weigh between ; females range between . The distinctive features are its long, curved neck, narrow chest and single hump (the Bactrian camel has two), thick, double-layered eyelashes and bushy eyebrows. They have sharp vision and a good sense of smell. The male has a soft palate (""dulaa"" in Arabic) nearly long, which it inflates to produce a deep pink sac. The palate, which is often mistaken for the tongue, dangles from one side of the mouth and is used to attract females"
"Wild Bactrian camel The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") is a critically endangered species of camel living in parts of northern China and southern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus""). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia. Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels that became feral after being released into the wild. However, genetic studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago. Only about 1,400 camels survive. Most live on"
"found only in remote areas of northwest China and Mongolia. An extinct species of camel in the separate genus ""Camelops"", known as ""C. hesternus"", lived in western North America until humans entered the continent at the end of the Pleistocene. The average life expectancy of a camel is 40 to 50 years. A full-grown adult camel stands at the shoulder and at the hump. Camels can run at up to in short bursts and sustain speeds of up to . Bactrian camels weigh and dromedaries . The widening toes on a camel's hoof provide supplemental grip for varying soil sediments."
"is halfway in size between a camel and a llama and lacks a hump. It has ears intermediate between those of camels and llamas, longer legs than the llama, and partially cloven hooves. Like the mule, camas are sterile, despite both parents having the same number of chromosomes. The wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus"") separated from the domestic Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") about 1 million years ago. The earliest known camel, called ""Protylopus"", lived in North America 40 to 50 million years ago (during the Eocene). It was about the size of a rabbit and lived in the open woodlands"
"now critically endangered. The word ""camel"" is derived via and (""kamēlos"") from Hebrew or Phoenician: ""gāmāl"". Used informally, ""camel"" (or, more correctly, ""camelid"") refers to any of the seven members of the family Camelidae: the dromedary, the Bactrian, and the wild Bactrian (the true camels), plus the llama, the alpaca, the guanaco, and the vicuña (the ""New World"" camelids). The dromedary (""C. dromedarius""), also known as the ""Arabian camel"", inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa, while the Bactrian (""C. bactrianus"") inhabits Central Asia, including the historical region of Bactria. The critically endangered wild Bactrian (""C. ferus"") is"
"into a single species with two varieties. However, a 1994 analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene showed the species display 10.3% divergence in their sequences. The dromedary has 74 diploid chromosomes, the same as other camelids. The autosomes consist of five pairs of small to medium-sized metacentrics and submetacentrics. The X chromosome is the largest in the metacentric and submetacentric group. There are 31 pairs of acrocentrics. The dromedary's karyotype is similar to that of the Bactrian camel. Camel hybridisation began in the first millennium BC. For about a thousand years, Bactrian camels and dromedaries have been successfully bred"
"Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall. Males typically weigh between , and females weigh between . The species' distinctive features include its long, curved neck, narrow chest, a single hump (compared with two on the Bactrian camel and wild Bactrian camel), and long hairs on the throat, shoulders and hump. The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, tall"
"at up to 50 years, often 20 to 40 in captivity. Bactrian camels are diurnal, sleeping in the open at night and foraging for food during the day. They are primarily herbivorous. With tough mouths that can withstand sharp objects such as thorns, they are able to eat plants that are dry, prickly, salty or bitter, and can ingest virtually any kind of vegetation. When other nutrient sources are not available, these camels may feed on carcasses, gnawing on bones, skin, or various different kinds of flesh. In more extreme conditions, they may eat any material they find, which has"
"million animals, most of which are domesticated. The Wild Bactrian camel is a separate species and is the only truly wild (as opposed to feral) camel in the world. The wild camels are critically endangered and number approximately 1400, inhabiting the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts in China and Mongolia. Camel A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus ""Camelus"" that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as ""humps"" on its back. Camels have long been domesticated and, as livestock, they provide food (milk and meat) and textiles (fiber and felt from hair). As working animals, camels—which are uniquely suited to"
"whereas a Bactrian camel has an annual yield of nearly . Dromedaries under the age of two years have a fine undercoat that tends to fall off and should be cropped by hand. Little information about camel hides has been collected but they are usually of inferior quality and are less preferred for manufacturing leather. Dromedary The dromedary ( or ), also called the Arabian camel (""Camelus dromedarius""), is a large, even-toed ungulate with one hump on its back. The dromedary is the tallest of the three species of camel; adult males stand at the shoulder, while females are tall."
"non-hybridised herds of Bactrian camels has proved a success, with the birth of several calves. The wild Bactrian camel is also being considered for introduction at Pleistocene Park in Northern Siberia as a proxy for extinct Pleistocene camel species. If this proves feasible, it would increase their geographic range considerably, adding a safety margin to their survival. Wild Bactrian camel The wild Bactrian camel (""Camelus ferus"") is a critically endangered species of camel living in parts of northern China and southern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus""). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to"
"Hybrid camel A hybrid camel is a hybrid between a Bactrian camel (""Camelus bactrianus"") and dromedary (""Camelus dromedarius""). Hybrid camels have different names depending on zone and language. Some names include: A Tülu Camel is a breed of camel that results from mating a male Bactrian camel with a female Dromedary. This breed is sometimes called an F1 Hybrid Camel. The resulting camel is larger than either a Bactrian or a Dromedary, and has traditionally been used as a draft animal. This breed of camel is also the breed used in the sport of Camel wrestling. Tülu Camels have one"
"pigs. The karyotypes of different camelid species have been studied earlier by many groups, but no agreement on chromosome nomenclature of camelids has been reached. A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found that the karyotype consisted of one metacentric, three submetacentric, and 32 acrocentric autosomes. The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome. The hybrid camel, a hybrid between Bactrian and dromedary camels, has one hump, though it has an indentation deep that divides the front from the back."
"spear to be attached to the stone tool. Biochemical analyses have shown that Clovis tools were used in butchering camels. Because soft tissues are generally not preserved in the fossil record, it is not certain if ""Camelops"" possessed a hump, like modern camels, or lacked one, like its modern llama relatives. Because one-humped camels are now known to have evolved from two-humped camels, it would follow that ""Camelops"", if it had humps, probably had two, as this would be the more parsimonious view. ""Camelops hesternus"" was approximately tall at the shoulder, making it slightly taller than modern Bactrian camels; it"
"The hybrid is at the shoulder and tall at the hump. It weighs an average of and can carry around , which is more than either the dromedary or Bactrian can. According to molecular data, the New World and Old World camelids diverged about 11 million years ago. In spite of this, these species can hybridize and produce viable offspring. The cama is a camel-llama hybrid bred by scientists to see how closely related the parent species are. Scientists collected semen from a camel via an artificial vagina and inseminated a llama after stimulating ovulation with gonadotrophin injections. The cama"
"shares the genus ""Camelus"" with the Bactrian camel (""C. bactrianus"") and the wild Bactrian camel (""C. ferus""). The dromedary belongs to the family Camelidae. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (4th century BC) was the first to describe the species of ""Camelus"". He named two species in his ""History of Animals""; the one-humped Arabian camel and the two-humped Bactrian camel. The dromedary was given its current binomial name ""Camelus dromedarius"" by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 publication ""Systema Naturae"". In 1927, British veterinarian Arnold Leese classified dromedaries by their basic habitats; the hill camels are small, muscular animals and"
"go a month or longer without drinking water. A thirsty Bactrian camel can drink 135 liters (30 gallons) in only 13 minutes. They can withstand extremely hot and cold weather and have broad hooves that do not sink in desert. Bactrian camels are known as the ""boats of desert"" – for millennia, they were used to carry goods along the Silk Road. Wild camels are critically endangered and found in the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts. The wild boar, from which the farm-raised pigs was domesticated some 8,000 years ago in China, remains common in the Chinese wilderness. On occasion, boars"
"17th century onwards, and from the 19th century a mixture of wool and camel hair was used. By at least 1200 BC the first camel saddles had appeared, and Bactrian camels could be ridden. The first saddle was positioned to the back of the camel, and control of the Bactrian camel was exercised by means of a stick. However, between 500 and 100 BC, Bactrian camels came into military use. New saddles, which were inflexible and bent, were put over the humps and divided the rider's weight over the animal. In the seventh century BC the military Arabian saddle evolved,"
"as low as −40 °C in winter to 40 °C in summer. The camels’ distribution is linked to the availability of water, with large groups congregating near rivers after rain or at the foot of the mountains, where water can be obtained from springs in the summer months, and in the form of snow during the winter. Bactrian camels are exceptionally adept at withstanding wide variations in temperature, ranging from freezing cold to blistering heat. They have a remarkable ability to go without water for months at a time, but when water is available they may drink up to 57"
"camel milk has been made into ice cream in a Netherlands camel farm. Camels are the ultimate pillars that support national economies of many developing countries, because they are useful for transport. They provide food in the form of meat and milk (Tariq ""et al."",2010). A camel carcass can provide a substantial amount of meat. The male dromedary carcass can weigh , while the carcass of a male Bactrian can weigh up to . The carcass of a female dromedary weighs less than the male, ranging between . The brisket, ribs and loin are among the preferred parts, and the"
"The male dromedary camel has an organ called a dulla in its throat, a large, inflatable sac he extrudes from his mouth when in rut to assert dominance and attract females. It resembles a long, swollen, pink tongue hanging out of the side of its mouth. Camels mate by having both male and female sitting on the ground, with the male mounting from behind. The male usually ejaculates three or four times within a single mating session. Camelids are the only ungulates to mate in a sitting position. Camels do not directly store water in their humps; they are reservoirs"
"Representatives of the Australian government have culled more than 100,000 of the animals in part because the camels use too much of the limited resources needed by sheep farmers. A small population of introduced camels, dromedaries and Bactrians, wandered through Southwestern United States after having been imported in the 19th century as part of the U.S. Camel Corps experiment. When the project ended, they were used as draft animals in mines and escaped or were released. Twenty-five U.S. camels were bought and imported to Canada during the Cariboo Gold Rush. The Bactrian camel is, , reduced to an estimated 1.4"
"and von den Driesch 1997: 652) and there is no evidence to suggest that the original range of ""C. ferus"" included those parts of Central Asia and Iran where some of the earliest Bactrian remains have been found. In particular, a population of wild Bactrian camel has been discovered to live within a part of the Gashun Gobi region of the Gobi Desert. This population is distinct from domesticated herds both in genetic makeup and in behavior. As many as three regions in the genetic makeup are distinctly different from Bactrian camels, with up to a 3% difference in the"
"Test Ban Treaty in 1996, the camels were reclassified as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Since then, human incursions into the area have caused a sharp drop in the camel population. The wild Bactrian camel has been classified as Critically Endangered since 2002. The United Kingdom-based Wild Camel Protection Foundation (WCPF) estimates that there are only about 1400 of them left in the world. The London Zoological Society recognizes it as the eighth most endangered large mammal in the world, and it is on the critically endangered list. The wild Bactrian camel was identified as one of"
"the baculum can also protect the urethra from compression. Mammals having a penile bone (in males) and a clitoral bone (in females) include various eutherians: It is absent in humans, ungulates (hoofed mammals), elephants, monotremes (platypus, echidna), marsupials, lagomorphs, hyenas, sirenians, and cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), among others. Evidence suggests that the baculum was independently evolved 9 times and lost in 10 separate lineages. The baculum is an exclusive characteristic of placentals and closely related eutherians, being absent in other mammal clades, and it has been speculated to be derived from the epipubic bones more widely spread across mammals,"
"so, their range is greatly enlarged. The latent heat of snow and ice is enormous compared with the heat capacity of water, demanding a large sacrifice in heat energy and forcing animals to eat only small amounts at a time. Bactrian camels are induced ovulators — they ovulate after insemination (insertion of semen into the vagina); the seminal plasma, not the spermatozoa, induces ovulation. Ovulation occurs in 87% of females after insemination: 66% ovulate within 36 h and the rest by 48 h (the same as natural mating). The least amount of semen required to elicit ovulation is about 1.0"
"Australian feral camels are dromedaries, with only a few Bactrian camels. Most of the dromedaries occur in Western Australia, with smaller populations in the Northern Territory, Western Queensland and northern South Australia. In Asia, nearly 70% of the population occurs in India and Pakistan. The combined population of the dromedary and the Bactrian camel decreased by around 21% between 1994 and 2004. The dromedary is sympatric with the Bactrian camel in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and central and southwestern Asia. India has a dromedary population of less than one million, with most (0.67 million) in the state of Rajasthan. Populations in Pakistan"