"Alt key The Alt key (pronounced or ) on a computer keyboard is used to change (alternate) the function of other pressed keys. Thus, the Alt key is a modifier key, used in a similar fashion to the Shift key. For example, simply pressing ""A"" will type the letter a, but if you hold down either Alt key while pressing A, the computer will perform an function, which varies from program to program. The international standard ISO/IEC 9995-2 calls it ""Alternate key"". The key is located on either side of the Space bar, but in non-US PC keyboard layouts, rather"
"pressed by fingers. Alternatively a tool is used for pressing small keys. Standard alphanumeric keyboards have keys that are on three-quarter inch centers (0.750 inches, 19.05 mm), and have a key travel of at least 0.150 inches (3.81 mm). Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key US traditional keyboards or the 104-key Windows keyboards, include alphabetic characters, punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of function keys. The internationally common 102/104 key keyboards have a smaller left shift key and an additional key with some more symbols between that and the letter to its right (usually Z or Y). Also the"
"standard. Sholes chose the size of the keys to be on three-quarter [¾, or 0.75] inch centers (about 19 mm, versus musical piano keys which are 23.5 mm or about 0.93 inches wide). 0.75 inches has turned out to be optimum for fast key entry by the average size hand, and keyboards with this key size are called ""full-sized keyboards"". The Selectric (1961), an electric typewriter, changed layout in a few ways, primarily in symbol placement. The Selectric layout moved ""_' off the digits, replacing them with @^*, and instead placing '"" and -_ as pairs on keys; this is"
"can be found occasionally on some 61-key and 73-key keyboards. Most 73-key through 88-key keyboards come equipped with hammer actions; however, some may be outfitted with semi-weighted actions. MIDI keyboards are usually full-size keys, like a grand piano. Some smaller keyboards use minikeys, which are smaller. Some tiny keyboards have flat minikeys which are even smaller. Many MIDI keyboards include control devices (other than the keys), which may allow for manipulation of DAW controls and/or the sound generator (either software or hardware). Provided they are mapped, or mappable, to the correct function, these allow the player to access a DAW"
"organ, digital piano, synthesizer). Since the most commonly encountered keyboard instrument is the piano, the keyboard layout is often referred to as the ""piano keyboard"". The twelve notes of the Western musical scale are laid out with the lowest note on the left; The longer keys (for the seven ""natural"" notes of the C major scale: C, D, E, F, G, A, B) jut forward. Because these keys were traditionally covered in ivory they are often called the ""white notes"" or ""white keys"". The keys for the remaining five notes—which are not part of the C major scale—(i.e., C/D, D/E,"
"This is true on Arabic keyboards as well. On a left-to-right keyboard, this is written as the Unicode character U+0028, ""left parenthesis"": codice_6. In a 102/105-key layout of this form, there would be an additional key to the right of the left shift key. This would be an additional backslash key (). Keyboards with 102 keys are not sold as standard, except by certain manufacturers who mistakenly group Israel into Europe, where 102 keyboards are the norm (most notable of the later group are Logitech and Apple). On computers running Windows, Alt-Shift switches between keyboard layouts. Holding down a Shift"
"the left side, a unique eight directional arrow key pad as opposed to the traditional inverted T, and a quartet of extra keys directly above the numeric pad that control the programmable aspects of the keyboard. They are labeled “Program Macro”, “Suspend Macro”, “Repeat Rate”, and “Remap”, reading left to right. All versions of the AnyKey are white or very light gray with some keys (notably the programming keys, extra function keys, and arrows) in a darker gray. The AnyKey is a 124-key PC keyboard, comprising the usual complement of 101 keys as well as 23 additional keys. The keyboard"
"as 170 mm. Modern piano keyboards ordinarily have an octave span of 164–165 mm; resulting in the width of black keys averaging 13.7 mm and white keys about 23.5 mm wide at the base, disregarding space between keys. Several reduced-size standards have been proposed and marketed. A 15/16 size (152 mm octave span) and the 7/8 DS Standard (140 mm octave span) keyboard developed by Christopher Donison in the 1970s and developed and marketed by Steinbuhler & Company. U.S. pianist Hannah Reimann has promoted piano keyboards with narrower octave spans and has a U.S. patent on the apparatus and methods"
"and features a jig-welded steel plate. Steinbuhler & Company produce keyboards that are 7/8 and 15/16 normal size. The keyboards were designed to make it possible for players with smaller hands to play a larger range of music. The company sells keyboard inserts for Grand pianos and complete upright pianos with smaller (7/8) keyboards. The Modell 370i, built by David Klavins, is a custom 88-key upright piano permanently installed at the University of Tübingen in Germany. The number 370 refers to the number of centimeters of the height of the piano (12 feet), while the i stands for ""integrated"" (into"
"keys are specified in ISO/IEC 9995-7. Letterings which are commonly used instead of the symbols are shown in their English version in parentheses. Keyboards which comply to this narrower specification contain all the keys shown in white in the figure above, the key at C12 shown in yellow, and one of the two keys at E13 and B00 shown in red. The standard does not require this; it only says that keyboards complying to this narrower specification can be called such. A key at E00 is not required, but when it is present on the keyboard, the positions E13 and"
"keys mounted to a board rather than a portable grip. One type of these, the so-called ""half-QWERTY"" layout, uses only minimal chording, requiring the space bar to be pressed down if the alternate hand is used. It is otherwise a standard QWERTY keyboard of full size. It, and many other innovations in keyboard controls, were designed to deal with hand disabilities in particular. Keyer A keyer is a device for signaling by hand, by way of pressing one or more switches. Modern keyers typically have a large number of switches but not as many as a full-size keyboard; typically between"
"away from its neighboring columns, and on each horizontal row of keys the interval from one note to the next is a whole step. This key layout results in each chord and scale having the same shape on the keyboard with the same fingerings regardless of key, so there is no change in geometry when transposing music. The configuration retains the colouring of traditional keyboards (white naturals, black sharps and flats) for pedagogical purposes. For an 88-note (full size) keyboard, there would be 264 keys in total, with each note playable by three keys in vertical alignment. In the picture"
"Numeric keypad A numeric keypad, number pad, numpad, or ten key, is the palm-sized, 17-key section of a standard computer keyboard, usually on the far right. It provides calculator-style efficiency for entering numbers. The numpad's keys are digits to , (addition), (subtraction), (multiplication) and (division) symbols, (decimal point), , and keys. Laptop keyboards often do not have a numpad, but may provide numpad input by holding a modifier key (typically labelled ) and operating keys on the standard keyboard. Particularly large laptops (typically those with a 15.6 inch screen or larger) may have space for a real numpad, and many"
"Shift key The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate ""upper"" characters. There are typically two shift keys, on the left and right sides of the row below the home row. The shift key's name originated from the typewriter, where one had to press and hold the button to shift up the case stamp to change to capital letters; the shift key was first used in the Remington No. 2 Type-Writer of 1878; the No. 1 model was capital-only. On the US layout and similar keyboard layouts, characters that typically"
"largest independent keyboard manufacturer. Meanwhile, IBM made their own keyboards, using their own patented technology: Keys on older IBM keyboards were made with a ""buckling spring"" mechanism, in which a coil spring under the key buckles under pressure from the user's finger, triggering a hammer that presses two plastic sheets (membranes) with conductive traces together, completing a circuit. This produces a clicking sound and gives physical feedback for the typist, indicating that the key has been depressed. The first electronic keyboards had a typewriter key travel distance of 0.187 inches (4.75 mm), keytops were a half-inch (12.7 mm) high, and"
"after the cursor will shift right when text is keyed. Press Insert again to cease Insert Mode. (4) Caps Lock light. The Caps Lock key has been pressed. All keys pressed will be uppercase. Press Caps Lock again to unlock. (5) Keyboard Shift light. The Shift key is being pressed. The key pressed simultaneously will be uppercase. The standard US keyboard was heavy, clunky, featured 122 keys, and weighed approximately 10 pounds. (On the positive side it had a cent-sign key and a HELP key. The PRINT key did what it was supposed to do; it printed the screen.) There"
"exemplified by the use of F1 on IBM compatible PCs. On a full-sized Apple keyboard, the help key was labelled simply as , located to the left of the . Where IBM compatible PC keyboards had the , Apple keyboards had the help key instead. As of 2007, new Apple keyboards do not have a help key. In its place, a full-sized Apple keyboard has a instead. Instead of a mechanical help key, the menu bar for most applications contain a Help menu as a matter of convention. The Commodore 128 had a key in the second block of top"
"switches. The vertical sliders are oriented so that their maximum labelled value is at the bottom, instead of the top as is more common. A sole red LED lights up when the instrument is on. Its hinge-mounted upper control panel can be shut like a piano keyboard's lid, thus protecting the buttons and sliders and preventing accidental settings changes during transportation, and changing the general shape of the instrument to one that is not playable but more transportable. The keyboard is 3.5 octaves wide and made of 44 full-sized plastic keys ranging from F to C. All controls are labelled"
"Macro key A Macro key is a key that was featured on various early PC keyboards, and has been removed from most keyboards since. It is typically found on the lower rows of the keyboard, either to the left of the key or to the right of the right . While most keyboard layouts treat it as a backslash, it has a different scan code, so keyboard layouts or programs use the scan code directly, or they can choose to handle it differently. On many new, top-of-the-line, computer mice, there are built-in macro keys. These mice often come with a"
"also possible to add a second set of characters to a keyboard with keyboard stickers manufactured by third parties. Modern keyboard models contain a set number of total keys according to their given standard, described as 104, 105, etc. and sold as ""standard"" keyboards. However, this number is not always followed, and individual keys or whole sections are commonly skipped for the sake of compactness or user preference. The most common choice is to not include the numpad, which can usually be fully replaced by the alphanumeric section. Laptops and wireless peripherals often lack duplicate keys and ones seldom used."
"notes (a Bösendorfer 290 ""Imperial"" has 97 keys and a Stuart & Sons model has 108 keys). While modern synthesizer keyboards commonly have either 61, 76 or 88 keys, small MIDI controllers are available with 25 notes. (Digital systems allow shifting octaves, pitch, and ""splitting"" ranges dynamically, reducing the need for dedicated keys.) Organs normally have 61 keys per manual, though some spinet models have 44 or 49. An organ pedalboard is a keyboard with long pedals played by the organist's feet. Pedalboards vary in size from 12 to 32 notes. In a typical keyboard layout, ""black note"" keys have"
"is switched only by the Fn+PgUp keys), the Fn key should have the more prominent position on the keyboard. Notably, IBM did not include Windows keys on any of their keyboards until 2006, which meant that though the left Control key was displaced by the Fn key, neither it nor the left Alt key needed to be made smaller. The inclusion of Windows keys on ThinkPad models from mid-2006 onwards was achieved mainly by shrinking the left Alt key, which means that ThinkPad keyboards now generally have larger left Control keys than those of many other manufacturers, and are unique"
"DIP switches. These may be used to: Its size fits half the size of a DIN A4 paper. Happy Hacking Keyboard The Happy Hacking Keyboard is a small computer keyboard produced by PFU Limited of Japan, co-developed with Japanese computer pioneer Eiiti Wada. Its reduction of keys from the common 104 keys layout down to 60 keys in the professional series is the basis for its smaller size while retaining full key size. It returns the control key to its original position as on the early 84 key PC AT and XT layouts. The current models in production are the"
"uniform width, and ""white note"" keys have uniform width and uniform spacing at the front of the keyboard. In the larger gaps between the ""black"" keys, the width of the natural notes C, D and E differ slightly from the width of keys F, G, A and B. This allows close to uniform spacing of 12 keys per octave while maintaining uniformity of seven ""natural"" keys per octave. Over the last three hundred years, the octave span distance found on historical keyboard instruments (organs, virginals, clavichords, harpsichords, and pianos) has ranged from as little as 125 mm to as much"
"and – for special actions, and often a ""numeric keypad"" to facilitate calculations. There is some variation between different keyboard models in the mechanical layout – i.e., how many keys there are and how they are positioned on the keyboard. However, differences between national layouts are mostly due to different selections and placements of symbols on the character keys. The core section of a keyboard consists of character keys, which can be used to type letters and other characters. Typically, there are three rows of keys for typing letters and punctuation, an upper row for typing digits and special symbols,"
"C. When the two keys on the tenor joint to create A are used with slightly altered fingering on the boot joint, B is created. The whisper key may also be used throughout the instrument's register, along with other fingerings, to produce either a more muted or more piercing sound. The right thumb operates four keys. The uppermost key is used to produce B and B, and is used in B, C, D, F, and E. The large circular key, otherwise known as the ""pancake key"", is held down for all the lowest notes from E down to B. It"
"Insert key The Insert key (often abbreviated Ins) is a key commonly found on computer keyboards. It is primarily used to switch between the two text-entering modes on a personal computer (PC) or word processor: The insert/overtype mode toggling is not global for the computer or even for a single application but rather local to the text input window in which the Insert key was pressed. On early text-based computing environments and terminals, when the cursor is in overtype mode, it was represented as a block that surrounded the entire letter to be overstruck; when in insert mode, the cursor"
"enter key is usually shaped differently. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys, such as the command or Windows keys. There is no standard computer keyboard, although many manufacturers imitate the keyboard of PCs. There are actually three different PC keyboards: the original PC keyboard with 84 keys, the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys. The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys, the control keys, the return key, and the shift key. Keyboards on laptops and notebook computers usually have a shorter travel distance for the"
"nowadays practically only used to denote sections of laws. Variant 2 of the Brazilian keyboard, the only which gained general acceptance (MS Windows treats both variants as the same layout), has a unique mechanical layout, combining some features of the ISO 9995-3 and the ""JIS"" keyboards in order to fit 12 keys between the left and right Shift (compared to the American standard of 10 and the international of 11). Its modern, IBM PS/2-based variations, are thus known as 107-keys keyboards, and the original PS/2 variation was 104-key. Variant 1, never widely adopted, was based on the ISO 9995-2 keyboards."
"on a keyboard instrument). Its relative minor is A minor (or enharmonically G minor), and its parallel minor is C minor, usually replaced by B minor, since C minor's three double-flats make it generally impractical to use. C major is the home key of the harp, with all its pedals in the top position, and it is considered the most resonant key for the instrument. Thus, in Richard Strauss's ""Ein Heldenleben"", the first cue for the harps is written in C major even though the rest of the orchestra, having previously played in E major, retains a 3-flat key signature"
"keyboards was the removal of the remote power key. This keyboard contained 109 keys (ANSI), and retained the single folding leg on the bottom. Apple Keyboard The Apple Keyboard is a keyboard designed by Apple Inc. first for the Apple line, then the Macintosh line of computers. Dozens of models have been released over time, including the Apple Extended Keyboard. Currently, Apple offers only three keyboards via Bluetooth: Magic Keyboard (silver only), and Magic Keyboard with Numeric Keypad (silver or space gray). The space gray model is also included with the iMac Pro. Both share a similar look and feel,"
"WPM. ASETNIOP is a virtual keyboard based on chords that appeared in 2012. The alphabet uses the 8 keys of the home row as ASET and NIOP (the eight most common letters in the English language), plus 18 chorded combinations. The layout also makes a less-cluttered 10-button keypad for tablet computers, touchscreens, touchpads, and can be used in wired gloves. Chorded keyboard A keyset or chorded keyboard (also called a chorded keyset, ""chord keyboard"" or ""chording keyboard"") is a computer input device that allows the user to enter characters or commands formed by pressing several keys together, like playing a"
"Musical keyboard A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a musical instrument. Keyboards typically contain keys for playing the twelve notes of the Western musical scale, with a combination of larger, longer keys and smaller, shorter keys that repeats at the interval of an octave. Depressing a key on the keyboard makes the instrument produce sounds—either by mechanically striking a string or tine (acoustic and electric piano, clavichord), plucking a string (harpsichord), causing air to flow through a pipe organ, striking a bell (carillon), or, on electric and electronic keyboards, completing a circuit (Hammond"