"to DDT. She tried to enlist essayist E. B. White and a number of journalists and scientists to her cause. By 1958, Carson had arranged a book deal, with plans to co-write with ""Newsweek"" science journalist Edwin Diamond. However, when ""The New Yorker"" commissioned a long and well-paid article on the topic from Carson, she began considering writing more than the introduction and conclusion as planned; soon it became a solo project. Diamond would later write one of the harshest critiques of ""Silent Spring"". As her research progressed, Carson found a sizable community of scientists who were documenting the physiological"
"Silent Spring Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. The book was published on 27 September 1962 and it documented the adverse effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation and public officials of accepting the industry's marketing claims unquestioningly. In the late 1950s, Carson turned her attention to conservation, especially environmental problems that she believed were caused by synthetic pesticides. The result was ""Silent Spring"" (1962), which brought environmental concerns to the American public. ""Silent Spring"" was met with fierce opposition by chemical companies, but it"
"landmark book ""Silent Spring"" by Rachel Carson had been published. The book discussed the detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment, particularly on birds. Carson said that DDT had been found to cause thinner egg shells, reproductive problems and ultimately the death of birds. Puleston tested eggs that had failed to hatch at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where he worked. High concentrations of DDT residues were found in the eggs, with scientists concluding that the pesticide must interfere with the female osprey's ability to produce normal eggshells. ""Using DDT to control mosquitos was like torpedoing the QEII to get rid of"
"David Attenborough has stated that ""Silent Spring"" was probably the book that had changed the scientific world the most, after the ""Origin of Species"" by Charles Darwin. Silent Spring Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. The book was published on 27 September 1962 and it documented the adverse effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation and public officials of accepting the industry's marketing claims unquestioningly. In the late 1950s, Carson turned her attention to conservation, especially environmental problems that she believed were caused by synthetic"
"Carson. William Shawn, editor of ""The New Yorker"", urged her to write a piece on the subject, which developed into her 1962 book ""Silent Spring"". The book argued that pesticides, including DDT, were poisoning both wildlife and the environment and were endangering human health. ""Silent Spring"" was a best seller, and public reaction to it launched the modern environmental movement in the United States. The year after it appeared, President John F. Kennedy ordered his Science Advisory Committee to investigate Carson's claims. The committee's report ""add[ed] up to a fairly thorough-going vindication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring thesis,"" in the"
"exterminating insects rather than cataloguing them. But as early as 1946–48, entomologists began to notice that insecticides were having a negative impact on other animals, particularly birds. Chemical companies portrayed the human battle against insects as a struggle for existence, and their promotional films in the 1950s invoke Charles Darwin. Darwin's biographer James Moore notes how the battlefield and life and death aspects of Darwin's theories were emphasised to suit the Cold War years. Scientists believed they were seizing power from evolution and redirecting it by controlling the environment. In 1962, biologist Rachel Carson released the book ""Silent Spring"", which"
"done by the fall of 1960, except for the discussion of recent research on biological pest controls and investigations of a handful of new pesticides. However, further health troubles slowed the final revisions in 1961 and early 1962. It was difficult finding a title for the book; ""Silent Spring"" was initially suggested as a title for the chapter on birds. By August 1961, Carson finally agreed to the suggestion of her literary agent Marie Rodell: ""Silent Spring"" would be a metaphorical title for the entire book, suggesting a bleak future for the whole natural world, rather than a literal chapter"
"1962 publication of Rachel Carson's ""Silent Spring"" represented a major watershed moment in American conservation. In exposing the individual dangers presented to both people and nature through the use of chemical pesticides, Carson inspired an environmental revolution, helping to root the modern conservation movement in a scientific foundation. It would take another decade, however, before the use of DDT was banned in the United States. A Wave of Legislation Beginning in the late 1960s, the conservation movement scored a number of victories with the creation and implementation of a variety of environmental regulations aimed at the protection of wildlife, wild"
"own research. Spock's case, along with a massive bird kill on Cape Cod, provided the impetus for Carson's book, ""Silent Spring""., which is often noted for its role as a catalyst for the congressional hearings which banned the use of DDT in the United States. These two pamphlets have had a broad readership. Marjorie Spock Marjorie Spock (September 8, 1904, New Haven, Connecticut – January 23, 2008, Sullivan, Maine) was an environmentalist, author and poet, best known for her influence on Rachel Carson when the latter was writing ""Silent Spring"". Spock was also a noted Waldorf teacher, eurythmist, biodynamic gardener"
"but growing organic movement. For example, in the US, J.I. Rodale began to popularize the term and methods of organic growing, particularly to consumers through promotion of organic gardening. In 1962, Rachel Carson, a prominent scientist and naturalist, published ""Silent Spring"", chronicling the effects of DDT and other pesticides on the environment. A bestseller in many countries, including the US, and widely read around the world, ""Silent Spring"" is widely considered as being a key factor in the US government's 1972 banning of DDT. The book and its author are often credited with launching the worldwide environmental movement. In the"
"specific environmental threats. By late 1957, Carson was closely following federal proposals for widespread pesticide spraying; the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) planned to eradicate fire ants, and other spraying programs involving chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphates were on the rise. For the rest of her life, Carson's main professional focus would be the dangers of pesticide overuse. ""Silent Spring"", Carson's best-known book, was published by Houghton Mifflin on 27 September 1962. The book described the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment, and is widely credited with helping launch the environmental movement. Carson was not the first, or the"
"use in developing countries is increasing. A study of USA pesticide use trends through 1997 was published in 2003 by the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Pest Management. In the 1960s, it was discovered that DDT was preventing many fish-eating birds from reproducing, which was a serious threat to biodiversity. Rachel Carson wrote the best-selling book ""Silent Spring"" about biological magnification. The agricultural use of DDT is now banned under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, but it is still used in some developing nations to prevent malaria and other tropical diseases by spraying on interior walls to"
"In 2007 Tierney wrote a column claiming that ""Silent Spring"" — Rachel Carson's 1962 book on the detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment — is a ""hodgepodge of science and junk science"" whose rhetoric still ""drowns out real science,"" such as the work of agricultural bacteriologist Ira Baldwin. Among those who have criticized the column for alleged errors of fact and misrepresentation are Erik M. Conway, Naomi Oreskes, and Merrill Goozner. In 2016 Tierney criticized President Barack Obama for ""politicized science to advance his agenda"" and appointees in the Obama administration for ""junk science—or no science—to justify misbegotten crusades"
"of ""Silent Spring"" by Rachel Carson alerted the public about the detrimental effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides. In the years following, similar bills were introduced and hearings were held to discuss the state of the environment and Congress's potential responses. In 1968, a joint House–Senate colloquium was convened by the chairmen of the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Senator Henry M. Jackson, and the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Representative George P. Miller, to discuss the need for and means of implementing a national environmental policy. In the colloquium, some members of"
"of Rachel Carson's ""Silent Spring"", which questioned the indiscriminate use of the pesticide DDT, Kennedy directed the PSAC to conduct an investigation into Carson's claims. Wiesner held hearings, and on May 15, 1963, published a report titled ""The Use of Pesticides"", which recommended a phaseout of ""persistent toxic pesticides."" Wiesner's MIT news obituary described him as ""a key figure in the Kennedy administration in the establishment of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, in achieving the October 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and in the successful effort to restrict the deployment of antiballistic missile systems.” Shortly before his assassination"
"Heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's ""Silent Spring"" questioned the safety of heptachlor and other chlorinated insecticides. Due to its highly stable structure, heptachlor can persist in the environment for decades. The US EPA has limited the sale of heptachlor products to the specific application of fire ant control in underground transformers. The amount that can be present in different foods is regulated. Analogous to the synthesis of other cyclodienes, heptachlor is produced via the"
"either by their feeding on insects killed by D.D.T. or directly by ingesting the poison. Some 15 years passed before the dangers of DDT were the subject of Rachel Carson's 1962 landmark book, ""Silent Spring"". DDT's use in agriculture was banned worldwide in the 1970s and 1980s. The Gratiot County Landfill just outside St. Louis, in which some of the chemicals from the DDT-producing plant had been disposed, became an Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in the 1970s. The local population assumed the problem had been solved. But, in 1994, samples of the riverbed taken next to the former chemical"
"Rachel Carson Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 – April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist, author, and conservationist whose book ""Silent Spring"" and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement. Carson began her career as an aquatic biologist in the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and became a full-time nature writer in the 1950s. Her widely praised 1951 bestseller ""The Sea Around Us"" won her a U.S. National Book Award, recognition as a gifted writer, and financial security. Her next book, ""The Edge of the Sea"", and the reissued version of her first book, ""Under the"
"Hamilton Lytle writes, Carson ""quite self-consciously decided to write a book calling into question the paradigm of scientific progress that defined postwar American culture"". The academic communityincluding prominent defenders such as H. J. Muller, Loren Eiseley, Clarence Cottam and Frank Eglermostly backed the book's scientific claims and public opinion backed Carson's text. The chemical industry campaign was counterproductive because the controversy increased public awareness of the potential dangers of pesticides. Pesticide use became a major public issue after a ""CBS Reports"" television special, ""The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson"", which was broadcast on April 3, 1963. The program included segments"
"of pesticides used in the United States by 35-50 per cent without reducing crop yields. The researchers show that to regain public trust, those who regulate and use pesticides must examine fair ethical questions and take appropriate action to protect public welfare, health, and the environment. Anyone concerned with reducing our reliance on chemical pesticides and how human activities can remain both productive and environmentally sound will find this volume a stimulating contribution to a troubling debate. ""The Pesticide Question"" builds on the 1962 best seller book ""Silent Spring"" by Rachel Carson. Carson did not reject the use of pesticides,"
"people were refusing to pay the excise taxes on their telephone bills, and another 20,000 were resisting part or all of their income tax bills. Among the tax resisters were Joan Baez and Noam Chomsky. Momentum from the protest organizations and the war's impact on the environment became focal point of issues to an overwhelmingly main force for the growth of an environmental movement in the United States. Many of the environment-oriented demonstrations were inspired by Rachel Carson's 1962 book ""Silent Spring"", which warned of the harmful effects of pesticide use on the earth. For demonstrators, Carson's warnings paralleled with"
"against several arthropods"" in 1948. By October 1945, DDT was available for public sale in the United States. Although it was promoted by government and industry for use as an agricultural and household pesticide, there were also concerns about its use from the beginning. Opposition to DDT was focused by the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson's book ""Silent Spring"". It cataloged environmental impacts that coincided with widespread use of DDT in agriculture in the United States, and it questioned the logic of broadcasting potentially dangerous chemicals into the environment with little prior investigation of their environmental and health effects. The"
"involvement in pesticide regulation. The PCA of 1954 was the first time Congress passed guidance regarding the establishment of safety limits for pesticide residues on food. PCA authorized the FDA to ban pesticides they determined to be unsafe if they were sprayed directly on food. The Food Additives Amendment, which included the Delaney Clause, prohibited the pesticide residues from any carcinogenic pesticides in processed food. In 1959, FIFRA was amended requiring that pesticides be registered. In 1962, ""The New Yorker"" published a series of essays by Rachel Carson, later published in book form as ""Silent Spring"", that publicized the negative"
"advice should be 'Spray as little as you possibly can' rather than 'Spray to the limit of your capacity'. Pressure on the pest population should always be as slight as possible."" Carson and the others involved with publication of ""Silent Spring"" expected fierce criticism and were concerned about the possibility of being sued for libel. Carson was undergoing radiation therapy for her cancer and expected to have little energy to defend her work and respond to critics. In preparation for the anticipated attacks, Carson and her agent attempted to amass prominent supporters before the book's release. Most of the book's"
"Joseph Regenstein Joseph Regenstein (1889–1957) was an American industrialist whose philanthropy benefited the city of Chicago, especially the University of Chicago, where the Regenstein Library is named in his memory. As head of Arvey Corp., Regenstein made many innovations in the paper, plastic and chemical fields. In 1931, Regenstein formed a business with his cousin, Julius Hyman, the Velsicol Chemical Corporation that manufactured several chlorinated insecticides including Dieldrin, Aldrin, Chlordane and Heptachlor which were the focus of Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring. Regenstein and Hyman would later fall out when Hyman set up an independent business in Colorado to manufacture"
"species including whooping crane, peregrine falcons, bald eagle, and the Californian Condor. However, he may best be remembered for his work on banning DDT and publicly supporting and advocating the work of Rachel Carson. The publication of ""Silent Spring"" elicited a strongresponse, both positive and negative. He was a vocal advocate for Rachel Carson, debating with her detracts like Robert White-Stevens. On June 6, 1963, Clement testified with Rachel Carson before The Senate Committee on Commerce. They were submitting testimony regarding a bill, introduced by Senator Maurine Neuberger of Oregon, that would require states to be informed of federal spraying"
"extended shadow of ""Silent Spring""."" Much of the agency's early work, such as enforcing the 1972 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, was directly related to Carson's work. In the 1980s, the policies of the Reagan Administration emphasized economic growth, rolling back many of the environmental policies adopted in response to Carson and her work. A variety of groups ranging from government institutions to environmental and conservation organizations to scholarly societies have celebrated Carson's life and work since her death. Perhaps most significantly, on June 9, 1980, Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor in"
"of Carson reading from ""Silent Spring"" and interviews with other experts, mostly critics including White-Stevens. According to biographer Linda Lear, ""in juxtaposition to the wild-eyed, loud-voiced Dr. Robert White-Stevens in white lab coat, Carson appeared anything but the hysterical alarmist that her critics contended"". Reactions from the estimated audience of ten to fifteen million were overwhelmingly positive and the program spurred a congressional review of pesticide hazards and the public release of a pesticide report by the President's Science Advisory Committee. Within a year of publication, attacks on the book and on Carson had lost momentum. In one of her"
"early as 1960, the society circulated draft legislation to establish pesticide control agencies at the state level. In 1962 the publication of Silent Spring by long-time Audubon member Rachel Carson gave the campaign against ""persistent pesticides"" a huge national forum. Following her death in 1964, the NAS established a fund devoted strictly to the various legal fights in the war against DDT. Today, Audubon selects outstanding women in conservation to receive its prestigious Rachel Carson Award. Honorees include Bette Midler, founder of the New York Restoration Project; Dr. Sylvia Earle, oceanographer and founder of Deep Search International; Majora Carter, Founder"
"Spring"". After Rachel Carson died in 1964, Shirley Briggs worked to preserve Carson’s work in ""Silent Spring"". She wrote several papers to follow up on Carson's publication, such as ""A Decade After Silent Spring,"" which discussed Carson's process, and ""Silent Spring: The View from 1990,"" which described Carson's national impact and critically examined the Environmental Protection Agency's response. In 1965, Briggs and several others affiliated with Rachel Carson created the Rachel Carson Trust for the Living Environment, now called the Rachel Carson Council. Within this organization, she served as executive director from 1970-1992 without pay. Shirley Ann Briggs died on"
"chlordane and heptachlor) were among the first to respond. DuPont compiled an extensive report on the book's press coverage and estimated impact on public opinion. Velsicol threatened legal action against Houghton Mifflin as well as ""The New Yorker"" and ""Audubon"" unless the planned ""Silent Spring"" features were canceled. Chemical industry representatives and lobbyists also lodged a range of non-specific complaints, some anonymously. Chemical companies and associated organizations produced a number of their own brochures and articles promoting and defending pesticide use. However, Carson's and the publishers' lawyers were confident in the vetting process ""Silent Spring"" had undergone. The magazine and"
"speaker. Both Rachel's Sustainable Feast and the conference continue as annual events. Also in 2007 American author Ginger Wadsworth wrote a biography of Carson. Carson-related organizations Rachel Carson Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 – April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist, author, and conservationist whose book ""Silent Spring"" and other writings are credited with advancing the global environmental movement. Carson began her career as an aquatic biologist in the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and became a full-time nature writer in the 1950s. Her widely praised 1951 bestseller ""The Sea Around Us"" won her a U.S. National Book Award,"
"North Carolina. Lucille Farrier Stickel Lucille Farrier Stickel (January 11, 1915 – February 22, 2007) was an American wildlife toxicologist and director of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center from 1972 to 1982. Her research focused extensively on contaminants in wildlife ecosystems and her research on the effects of the pesticide DDT helped form the basis for Rachel Carson's book ""Silent Spring"". She was also the first woman to both become a senior scientist as a civil servant of the US government and to be director for a national research laboratory. Stickel was born in Hillman, Michigan. She obtained her Bachelor"