"Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical-Socialist (i.e. centre-left) politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War. Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse, beginning his political career as town mayor in 1911 before his election as parliamentary deputy in 1919. Later, he would become known to many as ""the bull of Vaucluse"" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined look, although cynics also quipped that his horns were like those of a snail. During World War I, he rose from private"
"when it was impossible to make a major decision. Martin Thomas says it was not a coherent diplomatic strategy nor a copying of the British. When Hitler in 1936 sent troops into the Rhineland—the part of Germany where no troops were allowed—neither Paris nor London would risk war, and nothing was done. France also appeased Italy on the Ethiopia question because it could not afford to risk an alliance between Italy and Germany. Appeasement in union with Britain now became the main policy after 1936, as France sought peace in the face of Hitler's escalating demands. Édouard Daladier. prime minister"
"adopt a non-interventionist policy. Following the failure of Blum's second government in April 1938, Daladier formed a new government in coalition with the liberal and conservative parties. After 29 September 1938 Munich Agreement, which handed over Sudetenland to Germany in exchange for what proved to be a temporary peace, Daladier was acclaimed upon his return to Paris as the man who had avoided war. However, two days after the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939, the French government led by Daladier made good on its guarantees to Poland, by declaring war alongside Britain. Following the 23 August 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop"
"Daladier's Radical government in April 1938. With the collapse of the Popular Front the PSF-Radical alliance seemed inevitable to many on the left, with the Socialist newspaper ""Le Populaire"" writing, in 1938, that ""the PSF-Radical bloc has become a reality of political life"", although this observation appeared premature to most contemporary observers. The Danzig crisis of 1939 deprived the PSF of the chance to make serious inroads in parliament: on 30 July, Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, fearing that the imminent electoral campaign would distract the Chamber of Deputies from the business of national defense, used the decree powers granted him"
"radical politician Édouard Daladier took office in August 1938, and changed economic policies, encouraging investment and raising prices. Inflation stopped, the Franc stabilized, and production increased by 15 percent between November 1938 and June 1939. As the threat of war loomed, the government increased military spending, stimulating the economy further and increasing employment, until the beginning of the war in September 1939. The Parisian diet was basically unchanged from it had been in the 19th century and earlier, based on meat, wine, and bread. Wine arrived in barrels, transported by river barge from the different regions of France,at the Halles"
"Édouard Herriot and Édouard Daladier. Daladier resigned under pressure of the far-right leagues after the 6 February 1934 crisis, and conservative Gaston Doumergue was appointed president of the Council. The left-wing had feared a right-wing coup d'état as those that had taken place with the 1922 March on Rome and events in Germany. Therefore, under the Comintern's influence, the Communists changed their line and adopted an ""antifascist union"" line, which led to the Popular Front (1936–38), which won the 1936 elections and brought Blum to power as France's first socialist prime minister. The Popular Front was composed of radicals and"
"and acceptance of Adolf Hitler's various violations of the Versailles Treaty and his demands at Munich in 1938. Prime Minister of France Édouard Daladier was under no illusions about Hitler's ultimate goals and initially opposed Chamberlain's policy and told the British in a late April 1938 meeting that Hitler's real aim was to eventually secure ""a domination of the Continent in comparison with which the ambitions of Napoleon were feeble... Today it is the turn of Czechoslovakia. Tomorrow it will be the turn of Poland and Romania"". However, in the end, Daladier could not stand without Chamberlain's support and let"
"government. Daladier was replaced after the 6 February 1934 riots by conservative Gaston Doumergue, who included in his cabinet many right wing personalities close to the far-right leagues, such as Philippe Pétain and Pierre Laval. Most of the debate on the existence of a ""French fascism"" in between the two wars period has focused on these paramilitary leagues, although most French historians agree in stating that as Fascism is by definition a ""mass movement"", these leagues do not qualify as such. This, of course, has been debated, since some of them, such as colonel de la Rocque's ""Croix-de-Feu"" were very"
"withdrawn from front-rank politics, Daladier returned to public prominance in October 1934, taking a populist line against the banking oligarchy he believed had taken control of French democracy: the Two Hundred Families. He was made president of the Radical-Socialist Party and brought the party into the Popular Front coalition. Daladier became Minister of National Defence in the Léon Blum government, retaining the crucial portfolio for two years; after the fall of the Léon Blum, he became head of government again on 10 April 1938, orienting his government towards the centre and ending the Popular Front. While the forty-hour working week"
"the fascist actions on 6 February were an uncoordinated but violent attempt to overthrow the ""Cartel des gauches"" government elected in 1932. Édouard Daladier, who was president of the Council of Ministers, replaced Camille Chautemps on 27 January 1934 because of accusations of corruption (including the Stavisky Affair). Daladier, who had been a popular figure, was nonetheless forced to resign on 7 February. He was replaced by the conservative Gaston Doumergue as head of the government; this was the first time during the tenure of the Third Republic a government fell because of pressures from the street. France was affected"
"any Allied troops on Swedish soil would immediately provoke a German invasion. On 19 December, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier introduced his plan to the General Staff and the War Cabinet. In his plan, Daladier created linkage between the war in Finland and the iron ore in Sweden. There was a danger of Finland's possible fall under Soviet hegemony. In turn, Nazi Germany could occupy both Norway and Sweden. These two dictatorships could divide Scandinavia between them, as they had already done with Poland. The main motivation of the French and the British were to reduce the German war-making ability."
"Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union, Daladier engaged in an anti-communist policy, prohibiting PCF's activities and the party's newspaper, ""L'Humanité"". Furthermore, Daladier moved increasingly to the right, notably repealing the 40-hour work week which had been the Popular Front's most visible accomplishment. Daladier would eventually resign in March 1940, and take part in the new government of Paul Reynaud (leader of the main centre-right liberal party, the Democratic Alliance) as minister of National Defense and of War. After the defeat of the Battle of France, the French army being overwhelmed by the Nazi ""Blitzkrieg"", the French government declared Paris"
"to captain and company commander. Daladier became a leading member of the Radical-Socialist Party, and was responsible for building the party into a structured modern political party organisation. For most of the interwar was the chief figure of the party's left-wing, supporters of a governmental coalition with the SFIO socialist party. A government minister in various posts during the coalition governments between 1924 and 1928, he was instrumental in the Radical-Socialists' break with the Socialist Party in 1926, the first ""Cartel des gauches"" (""Left-wing Coalition""), and with the centre-right Raymond Poincaré in November 1928. In 1930 he unsuccessfully attempted to"
"expensive, and factories cut back production and laid off workers. Fewer wealthy tourists came to Paris, reducing the demand for luxury goods. A socialist prime minister, Leon Blum, was elected in 1936, and formed a Popular Front government. He introduced a forty-hour week and two weeks of paid vacation for French workers, and devalued the Franc by 29 percent, but industrial production continued to fall and inflation erased the gains in salaries. A new government under radical politician Édouard Daladier took office in August 1938, and changed economic policies, encouraging investment and raising prices. Inflation stopped, the Franc stabilized, and"
"diplomatic, and logistical support during the genocide to Rwanda’s extremist government and the Hutu forces that slaughtered minority Tutsis and politically moderate Hutus. Édouard Balladur Édouard Balladur (; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election, coming in third place. At age , Balladur is currently the oldest living former French Prime Minister. Balladur was born in Izmir, Turkey, to an ethnic Armenian family with five children and longstanding ties to"
"of the Soviet Union was finished on time. At the end of December, 1937, the gas supply, electricity supply and transport in Paris was stopped by strikes. in March 1938, communist-led strikers occupied the factories of Citroën and other large enterprises. In April 1938, the strike was joined by the telephone workers and taxi drivers. On April 10, Blum and his government were forced to resign, and were replaced by a center-right government led by Edouard Daladier. The new government began to prepare for a war the which began to appear inevitable. Paris factories increased the pace of the defense"
"Édouard Balladur Édouard Balladur (; born 2 May 1929) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France under François Mitterrand from 29 March 1993 to 10 May 1995. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1995 French presidential election, coming in third place. At age , Balladur is currently the oldest living former French Prime Minister. Balladur was born in Izmir, Turkey, to an ethnic Armenian family with five children and longstanding ties to France. His family emigrated to Marseille in the mid-to-late 1930s. In 1957, Balladur married Marie-Josèphe Delacour, with whom he had four sons. Balladur"
"party obtained the withdrawal of Radical-Socialists from the cabinet and the return to a policy of alliance with the Socialists. Édouard Daladier was elected party leader. However, a section of the party's right wing defected to form a second centre-right Independent Radical party (the Social and Radical Left) which opposed alliance with the Socialist Party and preferred close cooperation with the centre-right liberals of the Democratic Alliance. The second ""Cartel des gauches"" won the 1932 legislative election but its two main components were not able to establish a common agenda and, consequently, the SFIO chose to support the second government"
"In the aftermath of the Munich Agreement, Hitler and French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier in December 1938 made an agreement that officially declared that Germany was relinquishing its previous territorial claims on Alsace-Lorraine in the interest of maintaining peaceful relations between France and Germany and both pledged to be involved in mutual consultation on matters involving the interests of both countries. However at the same time Hitler in private advised the High Command of the Wehrmacht to prepare operational plans for a joint German–Italian war against France. Under the auspices of State Secretary Wilhelm Stuckart the Reich Interior Ministry produced"
"The Radicals Édouard Herriot or Édouard Daladier then incarnated the Radicals' opening to both Marxist parties, the SFIO and the SFIC. However, despite their alliance, the SFIO and the Radicals diverge on their views on the role of the state or on their attitude towards Capitalism and the middle classes. Following the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression in France in 1931, debates arose inside the SFIO concerning the role of the state. Marcel Déat and Adrien Marquet created a Neo-Socialist tendency and were expelled from the SFIO in November 1933. Others, responding to"
"He was freed after the Battle for Castle Itter. After the war ended, Daladier was mayor of Avignon (from 1953) and member of the Chamber of Deputies (from 1946), where he acted as a patron to the Radical-Socialist Party's young reforming leader, Pierre Mendès-France. He opposed the transferral of powers to Charles de Gaulle after the coup of 1958 but, in the subsequent legislative elections of that year, failed to secure re-election and withdrew from politics. He died in Paris in 1970 and is buried in the famous cemetery of Père-Lachaise. Changes Changes Changes Reform in France, 1914–1947 by Paul"
"Devaluation of the franc by thirty per cent became inevitable, despite government assurances that it would not happen. In January 1937, Blum went further and announced ""a pause"" to social reforms. The Senate refused to give him emergency powers to cope with the recession and he resigned on 20 June 1937 and the first Popular Front began to fall apart. A second had even less success. The President, Lebrun, called on the Radical leader Édouard Daladier to form a new government without the Socialists. Daladier relied on liberal economics to rescue, or at any rate keep afloat the economy on"
"the cabinet of Édouard Herriot and the succeeding cabinet of Joseph Paul-Boncour. On 6 September 1933 Dalimier succeeded Albert Sarraut as Minister of the Colonies in the cabinet of Édouard Daladier. When that cabinet fell, he became Minister of Justice and vice president of the council on 26 October 1933 in the cabinet of Albert Sarraut. The Sarraut cabinet fell after a month, and on 26 November 1933 he was again made Minister of the Colonies in the cabinet of Camille Chautemps. While Minister of Labor, in June 1932 Dalimier was asked by the Radical deputy Joseph Garat, president of"
"André Tardieu André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu (; 22 September 1876 – 15 September 1945) was three times Prime Minister of France (3 November 1929 – 17 February 1930; 2 March – 4 December 1930; 20 February – 10 May 1932) and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929–1932. He was a moderate conservative with a strong intellectual reputation, but became a weak prime minister at the start of the worldwide Great Depression. Tardieu was a graduate of the elite ""Lycée Condorcet"". He was accepted by the even more prestigious ""École Normale Supérieure"", but instead entered the diplomatic"
"31 to October 26, 1933, and again from January 30 to February 9, 1934, both under Édouard Daladier. A street in Bray-sur-Seine bears his name. Eugène Penancier Eugène Penancier (24 February 1873 – 4 July 1955) was a French politician. The first Deputy Prime Minister of France, he also served as Minister of Justice in the 1930s. He was born in Bray-sur-Seine and graduated from the University of Paris in 1897; his thesis was entitled ""Des Défauts et des périls de la législation actuelle sur les pensions de retraites civiles et des projets de réforme présentés jusqu'à ce jour"". During"
"led by Édouard Herriot without participation. The coalition fell on 7 February 1934, following riots organized by the far-right leagues the night before. The Radical-Socialist Camille Chautemps's government had been replaced by a government led by his popular rival Édouard Daladier in January, after accusations of corruption against Chautemps' government in the wake of the Stavisky Affair and other similar scandals. This pattern of initial alliance with a socialist party unwilling to join in active government, followed by disillusionment and alliance with the centre-right seemed to be broken in 1936, when the Popular Front electoral alliance with the Socialists and"
"gain Socialist support for a centre-left government alongside the Radical-Socialist and similar parties; in 1933, despite similar negotiations breaking down, he formed a government of the republican left. In January 1934, he was considered the most likely candidate of the centre-left to form a government of sufficient probity to calm public opinion amidst the revelations of the Stavisky Affair corruption scandal; his government lasted less than a week, however, falling in the face of the riots instigated by the far right. With Daladier fell the coalition of the left, initiating two years of government by the hard-right. After a year"
"31 January 1933 Paganon was appointed Minister of Public Works in the first cabinet of Édouard Daladier. He retained this post in the cabinets of Albert Sarraut and Camille Chautemps and the second cabinet of Daladier, which fell on 7 February 1934. As Minister of Public Works he reclassified of roads into the national network. He began work on the Chambon and Sautet dams. In Isère he created or improved tourist routes, including access to Villard-Notre-Dame, and the link from Uriage to Allevard called the ""Balcon de Belledonne"". In the mid-1930s the Alpe d'Huez resort consisted of a few cabins"
"that Germany would support Italy's ambitions in the Mediterranean in exchange for Italian support for German ambitions in Eastern Europe. However, Paul-Boncour's strategy of deterrence diplomacy was abandoned with the fall of the government in Leon Blum in Paris as the new premier, Edouard Daladier, appointed as his foreign minister, Georges Bonnet, who was hostile to the idea of France going to war for the sake of its allies in the ""cordon sanitarire"". When Chamberlain returned to London from Munich on 30 September 1938 after signing the Munich Agreement and the Anglo-German declaration, Corbin was not there to greet him"
"In France, French Prime Minister Daladier withheld information until the last moment, then presented the cabinet a fait accompli in September 1938 over the Munich Agreement, to avoid discussion over whether Britain would follow France into war or if the military balance was really in Germany's favour or how significant it was. The decision for war in September 1939 and the plan devised in the winter of 1939–1940 by Daladier for possible war with the Soviet Union, followed the same pattern. Hitler miscalculated Franco-British reactions to the invasion of Poland in September 1939, because he had not realised that a"
"again Prime Minister (also, this time, Minister of Foreign Affairs), from 30 February to 3 June 1932, until the AD and its coalition partners were defeated in the May elections. Due this premiership Tardieu served for three (7–10 May 1932) days as the Acting President of the French Republic, between the assassination of Paul Doumer and the election of Albert Lebrun. He was briefly a Minister of State without portfolio in 1934. His later political activity was largely concerned with containing and responding to German expansion. In his two-volume book ""La Révolution à refaire"", Tardieu criticized the French parliamentary system."
"already weakened by the Great Depression. A second faction, led by Paul Reynaud, Jean Zay, and Georges Mandel, favored a policy of resistance to German expansionism. A third faction, led by Daladier, stood halfway between the other two and favored appeasement of Germany to buy time to re-arm. Daladier thus left foreign policy largely to Bonnet as the best way of avoiding a war with Germany in 1938. In addition, Daladier felt that the best way of watching Bonnet was to include him in the Cabinet: he wished to keep the Popular Front, but Bonnet wanted it to end. Daladier's"
"July 1939 and, with the exception of the stay-at-home allowance, have remained in force to this day. In addition, a decree was issued in May 1938 which authorized the establishment of vocational guidance centers. In July 1937, a law was passed (which was followed by a similar law in May 1946) that empowered the Department of Workplace Inspection to order temporary medical interventions. Daladier's last government was in power at the time of the negotiations preceding the Munich Agreement, when France backed out of its obligations to defend Czechoslovakia against Nazi Germany. He was pushed into negotiating by Britain's Neville"