"433 Eros, was performed in 2001 by the probe NEAR Shoemaker despite the fact that NEAR was not originally designed to be capable of landing. The ""Hayabusa"" probe made several attempts to land on 25143 Itokawa in 2005 with mixed success, including a failed attempt to deploy a rover. Meanwhile, it was the second lander on asteroid and in 2010 the first sample returm mission from asteroid. The ""Rosetta"" probe, launched 2 March 2004, put the first robotic lander ""Philae"" on comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko on 12 November 2014. Due to the extremely low gravity of such bodies, the landing system includes"
"in 2014 and was the first mission to land a space probe on a comet. As preparation for the ""Rosetta"" mission, Hubble Space Telescope pictures taken on 12 March 2003 were closely analysed. An overall 3D model was constructed and computer-generated images were created. On 25 April 2012, the most detailed observations until that time were taken with the 2-metre Faulkes Telescope by N. Howes, G. Sostero and E. Guido while it was at its aphelion. On 6 June 2014, water vapor was detected being released at a rate of roughly when ""Rosetta"" was from Churyumov–Gerasimenko and from the Sun."
"C/2013 UQ4 (Catalina) C/2013 UQ (Catalina) is a Solar System comet that came close to the Earth on July 10, 2014, at a distance of . The object was discovered on October 23, 2013 by Catalina Sky Survey, in Arizona in the United States. The object, that had an asteroid-like appearance but a comet-like orbit, was named 2013 UQ. On May 7, 2014, the object was spotted by astronomers A. Novichonok and T. Prystavski with a fuzzy, coma-like aspect, revealing it was indeed a comet (with total brightness 13.5 mag and coma diameter of 1.5'). The object was then given"
"named 15614 Pillinger after Colin Pillinger. In 2003, Pillinger was appointed a CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours List for his services to Higher Education and to Science. Pillinger played a role in the Philae lander that was part of the Rosetta mission which successfully made its rendez-vous with comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014. In particular he was an advocate of the idea of deploying the lander Philae to conduct scientific experiments in situ, and was instrumental in getting the Ptolemy device accepted as part of the science payload. Pillinger was the principal investigator for the ""Beagle 2"" Mars lander project,"
"2014 in spaceflight In 2014, the maiden flight of the Angara A5, Antares 120 and Antares 130 took place. An Ariane 5 ES launched the ""Georges Lemaître"" Automated Transfer Vehicle, the last one of the series, which also marked 60 successfully completed Ariane 5 launches in a row. On 22 August 2014, Arianespace launched the first two Full Operational Capability Galileo satellites for the European satellite navigation system. A number of significant events in planetary exploration occurred in 2014, including the entry of the Rosetta spacecraft into orbit around the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in August 2014 and the deployment of the"
"1979 and Saturn in 1980 – 1981. ""Voyager 2"" then went on to make close approaches to Uranus in 1986 and Neptune in 1989. The ""Voyager"" probes are now far beyond Neptune's orbit, and are on course to find and study the termination shock, heliosheath, and heliopause. According to NASA, both ""Voyager"" probes have encountered the termination shock at a distance of approximately 93 AU from the Sun. The first flyby of a comet occurred in 1985, when the ""International Cometary Explorer"" (ICE) passed by the comet Giacobini–Zinner, whereas the first flybys of asteroids were conducted by the ""Galileo"" space"
"Soviet Union's ""Vega 1"" and ""Vega 2"") that flew through the coma of Halley's Comet in 1986, photographed the nucleus, and observed jets of evaporating material. On 22 January 2014, ESA scientists reported the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the dwarf planet Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt. The detection was made by using the far-infrared abilities of the Herschel Space Observatory. The finding is unexpected because comets, not asteroids, are typically considered to ""sprout jets and plumes"". According to one of the scientists, ""The lines are becoming more and more blurred between"
"has been visited by a probe other than ""Voyager 2"". On 25 August 2012, data from ""Voyager 1"" indicated that it had become the first human-made object to enter interstellar space, traveling ""further than anyone, or anything, in history"". , ""Voyager 1"" was moving with a velocity of relative to the Sun. On 5 November 2018, data from ""Voyager 2"" indicated that it also had entered interstellar space. Data and photographs collected by the Voyagers' cameras, magnetometers and other instruments, revealed unknown details about each of the four giant planets and their moons. Close-up images from the spacecraft charted Jupiter's"
"Donald Machholz Donald Edward Machholz, born October 7, 1952 in Portsmouth, Virginia, is an American amateur astronomer and science writer who is the most successful living visual comet discoverer in history. Credited with the discovery of 12 comets, that include the periodic comets 96P/Machholz, 141P/Machholz, the non-periodic C/2004 Q2 (Machholz) that were visible with binoculars in the northern sky in 2004 and 2005, C/2010 F4 (Machholz), and most recently C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) In 1985, comet Machholz 1985-e, was discovered using a homemade cardboard telescope with a wide aperture, 10 inches across, that gave it a broader field of view than"
"Young's double-slit experiment. 2012: ""to the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN for their joint discovery of a Higgs-like particle at the Large Hadron Collider"". 2013: ""the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory for making the first observations of high-energy cosmic neutrinos"". 2014: ""to the landing by the European Space Agency of the Philae (spacecraft) on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko"", which was the first time a probe had been landed on a comet 2015: ""for being the first to achieve the simultaneous quantum teleportation of two inherent properties of a fundamental particle – the photon"". 2016: ""to LIGO's gravitational wave discovery"". 2017:""to First multimessenger"
"111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett 111P/Helin–Roman–Crockett is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It was discovered by Eleanor and Ron Helin on 5 January 1989 from images obtained on the 3rd and 4th of that month. It is a Jupiter family comet known for extremely close approaches to Jupiter being a Quasi-Hilda comet. During these approaches, it actually orbits Jupiter. The last such approach was in 1976, the next will be in 2071. The Jovian orbits are highly elliptical and subject to intense Solar perturbation at apojove which eventually pulls the comet out of Jovian orbit for the cycle to begin anew. Simulations"
"Philae lander to its surface in November, which marked the first orbit of and landing on a comet, respectively, and featured prominently in social media. Another notable occurrence was the entry of India's Mars Orbiter Mission into Martian orbit in September, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars. On 5 December 2014, a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy launched the first Orion spacecraft test mission for NASA, Exploration Flight Test 1. For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not"
"Pioneer 11 Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a robotic space probe launched by NASA on April 6, 1973 to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, solar wind and cosmic rays. It was the first probe to encounter Saturn and the second to fly through the asteroid belt and by Jupiter. Thereafter, ""Pioneer 11"" became the second of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar System. Due to power constraints and the vast distance to the probe, the last routine contact with the spacecraft was"
"the 2014 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco on 18 December 2014. <br> <br> <br> C/2013 A1 C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 3 January 2013 by Robert H. McNaught at Siding Spring Observatory using the Uppsala Southern Schmidt Telescope. At the time of discovery it was 7.2 AU from the Sun and located in the constellation Lepus. Comet C/2013 A1 probably took millions of years to come from the Oort cloud. After leaving the planetary region of the Solar System, the post-perihelion orbital period (epoch 2050) is estimated to be roughly 1 million years."
"its flyby on 6 March, followed by Vega 2 making its flyby on 9 March. On 14 March, the ""Giotto"" space probe, launched by the European Space Agency, made the closest pass of the comet's nucleus. There were also two Japanese probes, ""Suisei"" and ""Sakigake"". The probes were unofficially known as the Halley Armada. Based on data retrieved by ""Astron"", the largest ultraviolet space telescope of the time, during its Halley's Comet observations in December 1985, a group of Soviet scientists developed a model of the comet's coma. The comet was also observed from space by the International Cometary Explorer."
"entering the planetary region (epoch 1950), C/2014 Q3 had an orbital period of 148 years. After leaving the planetary region (epoch 2050), it has an orbital period of 146 years. C/2014 Q3 C/2014 Q3 (Borisov) is a periodic comet discovered at apparent magnitude 17 on 22 August 2014 by Gennady Borisov using a Astrograph. It is the third comet discovered by Borisov. The comet is best viewed from the northern hemisphere. The comet was expected to reach about magnitude ~11 near perihelion (closest approach to the Sun), but brightened to around magnitude 10. By 8 November 2014, the comet had"
"fleet kept the shuttles on the ground for nearly three years. The returning Halley's comet is met by a fleet of five probes from Russia, Japan, and Europe. The most ambitious is the European Space Agency's Giotto spacecraft, which flies through the comet's coma and photographs the nucleus. The Magellan probe, launched by NASA, arrives at Venus and spends three years mapping the planet with radar. Magellan is the first in a new wave of probes that include Galileo, which arrives at Jupiter in 1995, and Cassini which arrives at Saturn in 2004. The Hubble Space Telescope, the first large"
"C/2014 E2 (Jacques) C/2014 E2 (Jacques), provisionally designated as S002692, is a long-period comet discovered by the Brazilian astronomers Cristóvão Jacques Lage de Faria, Eduardo Pimentel and João Ribeiro de Barros on the night of 13 March 2014. It was the second comet discovered by the SONEAR Observatory team after comet C/2014 A4. Observations were made with a 0.45-meter (17.7-inch) f/2.9 wide-field reflector telescope with equatorial assembly and CCD camera at the Southern Observatory for Near Earth Asteroids Research (SONEAR), located near Oliveira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In late March 2014, C/2014 E2 (Jacques) appeared to contain a dense, bright coma"
"Robert J. Collier Trophy by the National Aeronautic Association ""In recognition of the extraordinary achievements of successfully landing ""Curiosity"" on Mars, advancing the nation's technological and engineering capabilities, and significantly improving humanity's understanding of ancient Martian habitable environments."" Curiosity (rover) Curiosity is a car-sized rover designed to explore Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). ""Curiosity"" was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 15:02 UTC aboard the MSL spacecraft and landed on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing site was less"
"Stardust (spacecraft) Stardust was a 390 kilogram robotic space probe launched by NASA on 7 February 1999. Its primary mission was to collect dust samples from the coma of comet Wild 2, as well as samples of cosmic dust, and return these to Earth for analysis. It was the first sample return mission of its kind. En route to comet Wild 2, the craft also flew by and studied the asteroid 5535 Annefrank. The primary mission was successfully completed on 15 January 2006, when the sample return capsule returned to Earth. A mission extension codenamed NExT culminated in February 2011"
"Mars Science Laboratory Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed ""Curiosity"", a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars' habitability, studying its climate and geology, and collecting data for a manned mission to Mars. The rover carries a variety of scientific instruments designed by an international team. MSL successfully carried out the most accurate Martian landing of any known spacecraft, hitting a small target landing ellipse of only , in the Aeolis Palus region of Gale Crater."
"C/2013 R1 C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) is a long-period comet discovered on 7 September 2013 by Terry Lovejoy using a Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope. It is the fourth comet discovered by Terry Lovejoy. C/2013 R1 crossed the celestial equator on 14 October 2013, becoming a better Northern Hemisphere object. By 1 November 2013, the comet was visible to the naked eye near the Beehive Cluster (M44), about halfway between Jupiter and Regulus. It became more impressive than comet ISON. In binoculars, the comet has the appearance of a green, unresolved globular cluster. C/2013 R1 made its closest approach to Earth on 19 November"
"launched on 21 December 2011 at 13:16 UTC and docked on 23 December at 15:19 UTC. On 21 December 2011, Expedition 30 commander Dan Burbank observed a pass of the comet C/2011 W3 Lovejoy. The comet was initially thought to be in a destructive orbit around the sun, and passed within of the sun's surface. However, the comet ultimately survived its encounter with the sun. On 16 February 2012, Russian crew members Oleg Kononenko and Anton Shkaplerov performed the first spacewalk of 2012, moving one of the station's Strela cranes from the ""Pirs"" module to the ""Poisk"" module. The astronauts"
"life in the Universe may be common rather than rare."" Stardust (spacecraft) Stardust was a 390 kilogram robotic space probe launched by NASA on 7 February 1999. Its primary mission was to collect dust samples from the coma of comet Wild 2, as well as samples of cosmic dust, and return these to Earth for analysis. It was the first sample return mission of its kind. En route to comet Wild 2, the craft also flew by and studied the asteroid 5535 Annefrank. The primary mission was successfully completed on 15 January 2006, when the sample return capsule returned to"
"Epsilon Cassiopeiae. It reached perigee (closest approach to Earth) on 28 August 2014, at . The comet passed about 3 degrees from Deneb from 4–5 September 2014. On 14 September the comet was near Albireo. By October 2014 the comet had fainted to magnitude 10. C/2014 E2 (Jacques) C/2014 E2 (Jacques), provisionally designated as S002692, is a long-period comet discovered by the Brazilian astronomers Cristóvão Jacques Lage de Faria, Eduardo Pimentel and João Ribeiro de Barros on the night of 13 March 2014. It was the second comet discovered by the SONEAR Observatory team after comet C/2014 A4. Observations were"
"19P/Borrelly Comet Borrelly or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a periodic comet, which was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on May 28, 2015. The comet's nucleus, seen in the adjacent image, is particularly notable for being shaped like a bowling pin. The comet was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly during a routine search for comets at Marseilles, France on December 28, 1904. On September 21, 2001 the spacecraft Deep Space 1, which was launched to test new equipment in space, performed a flyby of Borrelly."
"MESSENGER Messenger (stylized as MESSENGER, a backronym for ""MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging""; the name is a reference to the messenger deity of the same name from Roman mythology) was a NASA robotic spacecraft that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015. The probe was launched aboard a Delta II rocket in August 2004 to study Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field. The instruments carried by ""MESSENGER"" were used on a complex series of flybys – the spacecraft flew by Earth once, Venus twice, and Mercury itself three times, allowing it to decelerate relative to Mercury"
"launch date of 26 February 2004 and comet rendezvous in 2014. The larger mass and the resulting increased impact velocity made modification of the landing gear necessary. After two scrubbed launch attempts, ""Rosetta"" was launched on 2 March 2004 at 07:17 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana. Aside from the changes made to launch time and target, the mission profile remained almost identical. Both co-discoverers of the comet, Klim Churyumov and Svetlana Gerasimenko, were present at the spaceport during the launch. To achieve the required velocity to rendezvous with 67P, ""Rosetta"" used gravity assist manoeuvres to accelerate"
"Mercury. MESSENGER Messenger (stylized as MESSENGER, a backronym for ""MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging""; the name is a reference to the messenger deity of the same name from Roman mythology) was a NASA robotic spacecraft that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015. The probe was launched aboard a Delta II rocket in August 2004 to study Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and magnetic field. The instruments carried by ""MESSENGER"" were used on a complex series of flybys – the spacecraft flew by Earth once, Venus twice, and Mercury itself three times, allowing it to decelerate relative to"
"the comet as it became more active. The last communication was on 9 July 2015, and mission controllers were unable to instruct ""Philae"" to carry out new investigations. Subsequently, ""Philae"" failed to respond to further commands, and by January 2016, controllers acknowledged no further communications were likely. On 27 July 2016, at 09:00 UTC, ESA switched off the Electrical Support System Processor Unit (ESS) onboard ""Rosetta"", making further communications with ""Philae"" impossible. The lander was located on 2 September 2016 by the narrow-angle camera aboard ""Rosetta"" as it was slowly making its descent to the comet. The search for the"
"bursts, resulting in the first ever catalog of such events. The last gamma-ray burst reported by Venera 12 occurred on January 5, 1980. Venera 12 used its ultraviolet spectrometer to study comet Bradfield (C/1979 Y1) on 13 February 1980, and reported spectrophotometric data until 19 March 1980. List of flight platform instruments and experiments: The active phase of the science mission for the flight platform ended in April, 1980. Venera 12 is currently in heliocentric orbit, with perihelion of 0.69 AU, aphelion of 1.01 AU, eccentricity of 0.19, inclination of 2.3 degrees and orbital period of 284 days. The Venera"
"of operations at the comet. ""Rosetta"" began a descent with a 208-second thruster burn executed on 29 September 2016 at approximately 20:50 UTC. Its trajectory targeted a site in the Ma'at region near an area of dust- and gas-producing active pits. Impact on the comet's surface occurred 14.5 hours after its descent manoeuvre; the final data packet from ""Rosetta"" was transmitted at 10:39:28.895 UTC (SCET) by the OSIRIS instrument and was received at the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany, at 11:19:36.541 UTC. The spacecraft's estimated speed at the time of impact was , and its touchdown location, named"
"it landed on the Martian Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004 at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 local time), three weeks after its twin ""Spirit"" (MER-A) touched down on the other side of the planet. On July 28, 2014, NASA announced that ""Opportunity"", after having traveled over on the planet Mars, has set a new ""off-world"" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled . () On 26 November 2011, NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission was successfully launched for Mars. The mission successfully landed"