"of the genus ""Burkholderia"" were formerly classified as ""Pseudomonas"", but ""Burkholderia"" was one of the seven genera that arose when ""Pseudomonas"" was divided based on rRNA differences. ""Burkholderia gladioli"" is closely related to, and often mistaken for, a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. This includes ten closely related species, which are all plant pathogens. ""Burkholderia gladioli"" is divided into three pathovars: ""gladioli"", ""allicola"", and ""agaricicola"". ""B. gladioli"" pv. ""gladioli"" causes gladiolus rot, ""allicola"" causes onion bulb rot, and ""agaricicola"" causes soft rot in mushrooms ""Burkholderia"" are motile, Gram negative rods that may be straight or slightly curved. They are"
"Gladiolus Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of ""gladius"", a sword,) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ""gladioli""). The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The genera ""Acidanthera"", ""Anomalesia"", ""Homoglossum"", and ""Oenostachys"", formerly considered distinct, are now included in ""Gladiolus"". Gladioli grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, (similar to crocuses) that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics. Their stems are generally"
"flowers like ""Petunia"", ""Zinnia"", ""Dianthus"" and others. Gladioli are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Large Yellow Underwing, and gladiolus thrips. Gladioli have been extensively hybridized and a wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from the many varieties. The main hybrid groups have been obtained by crossing between four or five species, followed by selection: 'Grandiflorus', 'Primulines' and 'Nanus'. They can make very good cut flowers for display. The majority of the species in this genus are diploid with 30 chromosomes (2n=30) but the Grandiflora hybrids are tetraploid and possess 60"
"Merit. Gladiolus Gladiolus (from Latin, the diminutive of ""gladius"", a sword,) is a genus of perennial cormous flowering plants in the iris family (Iridaceae). It is sometimes called the 'sword lily', but is usually called by its generic name (plural ""gladioli""). The genus occurs in Asia, Mediterranean Europe, South Africa, and tropical Africa. The center of diversity is in the Cape Floristic Region. The genera ""Acidanthera"", ""Anomalesia"", ""Homoglossum"", and ""Oenostachys"", formerly considered distinct, are now included in ""Gladiolus"". Gladioli grow from rounded, symmetrical corms, (similar to crocuses) that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics. Their stems are"
"Gladiola (film) Gladiola was a three-reel American silent drama produced by the Edison Company. The script, by Mary Rider, was written specifically as a vehicle for Viola Dana. ""Gladiola"" was Edison Company production number 7985. The production was shot largely at the Edison Company's studio at Decatur Avenue and Oliver Place in the Bronx, with additional ""exterior scenes taken in the gladiolus fields of Berlin, N.Y."" Gladioli are used as a visual leitmotif throughout the film. The production was able to locate a two-day-old baby, identified as ""Master Warren Scott Moore,"" to play the title character's newborn baby in one"
"Gladiolus italicus Gladiolus italicus is a species of gladiolus known by the common names Italian gladiolus, field gladiolus, and common sword-lily. It is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, but it is well-known on other continents where it is a common weed, particularly of cultivated fields and waste places. This perennial flower grows an erect stem approaching a meter in maximum height with a few long leaves around its base. Toward the top half of the generally unbranching stem is a spike inflorescence on which flowers appear at intervals. Each plant has up to 15 or 16 flowers."
"The flower is bright pink to magenta and several centimeters long with its stamens and style protruding from the throat. The fruit is a capsule about a centimeter long containing many seeds. Gladiolus italicus Gladiolus italicus is a species of gladiolus known by the common names Italian gladiolus, field gladiolus, and common sword-lily. It is native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, but it is well-known on other continents where it is a common weed, particularly of cultivated fields and waste places. This perennial flower grows an erect stem approaching a meter in maximum height with a few long"
"Gladiatrix The gladiatrix (plural ""gladiatrices"") is a modern term for the female equivalent of the gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, female gladiators fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at various games and festivals. Very little is known about them. They were almost certainly considered an exotic rarity by their audiences. Their existence is known only through a few accounts written by members of Rome's elite, and a very small number of inscriptions. Female gladiators rarely appear in Roman histories. When they do, they are ""exotic markers of exceptionally lavish spectacle"". In 66 AD, Nero"
"Murmillo The murmillo (also sometimes spelled ""mirmillo"" or ""myrmillo"", pl. murmillones) was a type of gladiator during the Roman Imperial age. The murmillo-class gladiator was adopted in the early Imperial period to replace the earlier Gallus, named after the warriors of Gaul. As the Gauls inhabiting Italy had become well-integrated with the Romans by the time of the reign of Augustus, it became undesirable to portray them as enemy outsiders; the Gallus-class gladiator thus had to be retired. The murmillo was armed with: The murmillo usually fought the thraex or hoplomachus, with whom he shared some of the equipment (notably"
"the pairing between murmillones and other gladiator types can be seen in frescoes and graffiti in Pompeii. In one well-preserved example, a murmillo named Marcus Atillus, who is credited with one match and one victory, is depicted standing over the defeated figure of Lucius Raecius Felix, a gladiator with 12 matches and 12 victories. His opponent is shown kneeling, disarmed and unhelmeted. The graffito records that Felix survived the fight and was granted his freedom (""manumission""). Murmillo The murmillo (also sometimes spelled ""mirmillo"" or ""myrmillo"", pl. murmillones) was a type of gladiator during the Roman Imperial age. The murmillo-class gladiator"
"contrasting colors and chose subjects that he enjoyed, such as painting still lifes. Fritillary is a bulb that flowers in the spring with between three and ten flowers for each bulb. Imperial fritillaries, with an orange-red flower, were grown in French and Dutch gardens at the end of the 19th century. The Gladiolus, plural Gladioli, was one of Van Gogh's favorite flower. He especially enjoyed how they opened up like a fan after having been placed in a vase. Because of their height, Van Gogh liked to use Gladioli to create triangular-structured compositions, such as ""Vase with Gladioli and Carnation"""
"Gladiolus palustris Gladiolus palustris, common name Marsh gladiolus or Sword Lily, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the genus Gladiolus of the Iridaceae family. The Genus nane ""Gladiolus"" is the Latin diminutive of gladius, a sword, while the specific Latin name ""palustris"", meaning ""growing in marshes"", refers to the alleged environment of this species. ""Gladiolus palustris"" reaches on average of height. The stem is erect, glabrous and unbranched, the bulbus is spherical with cross-linked fibers at the top. The leaves are shorter than the stem, simple, with a parallel venation, sword-shaped, long. The inflorescence is composed of three to"
"The Ten Gladiators The Ten Gladiators () is a 1963 Italian film directed by Gianfranco Parolini. Roccia and a band of fellow gladiators join forces with a patrician named Glaucus Valerius to replace Nero, (and his evil henchman, Tigelinus), with a new emperor: Servius Galba. During the course of this bloody struggle, the gladiators lose their mentor and trainer - Resius - and then must rescue Lidia, Resius' beautiful niece, from death on the cross. ""The Ten Gladiators"" was released in Italy on 14 December 1963 with a 110 minute running time as ""I dieci gladiatori"". On its American release,"
"Third Servile War The Third Servile War, also called by Plutarch the Gladiator War and The War of Spartacus, was the last in a series of slave rebellions against the Roman Republic, known collectively as the Servile Wars. The Third was the only one directly to threaten the Roman heartland of Italia. It was particularly alarming to Rome because its military seemed powerless to suppress it. The revolt began in 73 BC, with the escape of around 70 slave-gladiators from a gladiator school in Capua; they easily defeated the small Roman force sent to recapture them. Within two years, they"
"Patrick Bergin and Jennifer Rubin. Gladiator A gladiator (, ""swordsman"", from , ""sword"") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals. Some gladiators were volunteers who risked their lives and their legal and social standing by appearing in the arena. Most were despised as slaves, schooled under harsh conditions, socially marginalized, and segregated even in death. Irrespective of their origin, gladiators offered spectators an example of Rome's martial ethics and, in fighting or dying well, they could inspire admiration and popular acclaim. They"
"of usurpers who oppose Commondus' tyrannical rule. Ursus finally leads a slave revolt that overthrows Commodus, who is killed in the uprising, and Ursus is reunited with Arminia. The Rebel Gladiators The Rebel Gladiators (/ ""Ursus, the Rebel Gladiator"") is a 1962 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella starring Dan Vadis, Josè Greci and Alan Steel. The newly crowned emperor Commodus kidnaps the beautiful Arminia, who happens to be betrothed to the mighty gladiator Ursus. Obsessed with a desire to physically best all other men, he uses the girl as a hostage to force Ursus to fight him in"
"the film had a running time of 104 minutes. The Ten Gladiators The Ten Gladiators () is a 1963 Italian film directed by Gianfranco Parolini. Roccia and a band of fellow gladiators join forces with a patrician named Glaucus Valerius to replace Nero, (and his evil henchman, Tigelinus), with a new emperor: Servius Galba. During the course of this bloody struggle, the gladiators lose their mentor and trainer - Resius - and then must rescue Lidia, Resius' beautiful niece, from death on the cross. ""The Ten Gladiators"" was released in Italy on 14 December 1963 with a 110 minute running"
"dry, in wet meadows and forest clearings. They can be found at a maximum altitude of . Gladiolus palustris Gladiolus palustris, common name Marsh gladiolus or Sword Lily, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the genus Gladiolus of the Iridaceae family. The Genus nane ""Gladiolus"" is the Latin diminutive of gladius, a sword, while the specific Latin name ""palustris"", meaning ""growing in marshes"", refers to the alleged environment of this species. ""Gladiolus palustris"" reaches on average of height. The stem is erect, glabrous and unbranched, the bulbus is spherical with cross-linked fibers at the top. The leaves are shorter"
"Bride'. This cultivar is still available commercially today under the same name. The Colvillei group of ""Gladiolus"" now includes many small (to about 40 cm tall) spring-flowering cultivars with flowers from white to pink or orange-red. Some are likely to have other southern African species such as ""G. carneus"" in their ancestry. Gladiolus × colvillei Gladiolus × colvillei Sweet is a hybrid ""Gladiolus"" cultivar. Common name: Scarlet Gladiolus. The original ""Gladiolus × colvillei"" was bred by the nurseryman James Colville of Chelsea, London from the southern African species ""G. tristis"" and ""G. cardinalis"" and first described in 1823; it is"
"in gladiatorial bouts as a ""secutor"", acquired the house in CE 182 and used it as a country villa. In modern times, popular culture has made the ""retiarius"" probably the most famous type of gladiator. The ""retiarius"" is the most readily identifiable gladiator type, due to his signature equipment: arm guard (""manica""), shoulder guard (""galerus""), net (""rete""), trident (""fuscina"" or ""tridens""), and dagger (""pugio""). (Technically, the ""retiarius"" was not a ""gladiator"" at all, since he did not fight with the sword—""gladius""—after which such fighters took their name.) His weapons and armour could be decorated. An embellished gladiatorial dagger is held"
"defeated gladiator, rather than a Galatian warrior. Hence it was known as the 'Dying' or 'Wounded Gladiator', 'Roman Gladiator', and 'Murmillo Dying'. It has also been called the 'Dying Trumpeter', because one of the scattered objects lying beside the figure is a horn. The artistic quality and expressive pathos of the statue aroused great admiration among the educated classes in the 17th and 18th centuries and was a ""must-see"" sight on the Grand Tour of Europe undertaken by young men of the day. Byron was one such visitor, commemorating the statue in his poem ""Childe Harold's Pilgrimage"": It was widely"
"The Rebel Gladiators The Rebel Gladiators (/ ""Ursus, the Rebel Gladiator"") is a 1962 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella starring Dan Vadis, Josè Greci and Alan Steel. The newly crowned emperor Commodus kidnaps the beautiful Arminia, who happens to be betrothed to the mighty gladiator Ursus. Obsessed with a desire to physically best all other men, he uses the girl as a hostage to force Ursus to fight him in the arena, but when Ursus beats him up and actually forces the dictator to beg for his life, he accuses Ursus of being in league with a group"
"Gladius (cephalopod) The gladius (plural: ""gladii""), or pen, is a hard internal bodypart found in many cephalopods of the superorder Decapodiformes (particularly squids) and in a single extant member of the Octopodiformes, the vampire squid (""Vampyroteuthis infernalis""). It is so named for its superficial resemblance to the Roman short sword of the same name, and is a vestige of the ancestral mollusc shell, which was external. The gladius is located dorsally within the mantle and usually extends for its entire length. Composed primarily of chitin, it lies within the shell sac, which is responsible for its secretion. Gladii are known"
"has died, local Roman governor Consul Metellus joins forces with Spartacus to defeat the traitors. Challenge of the Gladiator Challenge of the Gladiator () is a 1965 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella. Treacherous Roman senator Lucius Quintilius plans a secret journey into Thrace to recover a legendary treasure. He is accompanied by his daughter Livia posing as a Christian slave girl, his cruel henchman Commodio, and Terenzius, an ex-gladiator and Nero look-alike who fools the local Thracians into believing he is the real Emperor. But Lucius's plans are thwarted by Spartacus and his band of rebels who succeed"
"to Rome, and the imperial banners display the sign of Christ. The film earned an estimated $1,050,000 in rentals at the US box office in 1951. Fabiola (1949 film) Fabiola (UK title: The Fighting Gladiator) is a 1949 Italian language motion picture historical drama directed by Alessandro Blasetti, very loosely based on the 1854 novel ""Fabiola"" by Nicholas Patrick Wiseman. The film stars Michèle Morgan, Henri Vidal and Michel Simon. It tells the story of the Roman Empire in which Christianity is growing around the 4th century AD. An unofficial remake ""La Rivolta degli Schiavi aka Revolt of the Slaves"""
"during an archaeological rescue dig at Credenhill in Herefordshire have also been speculated in the popular media as those of a female gladiator. Among the pictures commissioned in Italy by king Philip IV of Spain for his Palacio del Buen Retiro in Madrid, there is a series on Roman circuses including a picture of female gladiators. Gladiatrix The gladiatrix (plural ""gladiatrices"") is a modern term for the female equivalent of the gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, female gladiators fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at various games and festivals. Very little is known about"
"Challenge of the Gladiator Challenge of the Gladiator () is a 1965 Italian peplum film directed by Domenico Paolella. Treacherous Roman senator Lucius Quintilius plans a secret journey into Thrace to recover a legendary treasure. He is accompanied by his daughter Livia posing as a Christian slave girl, his cruel henchman Commodio, and Terenzius, an ex-gladiator and Nero look-alike who fools the local Thracians into believing he is the real Emperor. But Lucius's plans are thwarted by Spartacus and his band of rebels who succeed in capturing the treasure for Thrace. When news arrives from Rome that the real Nero"
"flower has six white or cream tepals with greenish or purplish midlines. The flowers are said to have a scent similar to carnations and cloves. Not all individuals possess scent because the allele for its presence is recessive in relation to the allele for its absence. Gladiolus tristis Gladiolus tristis is a species of gladiolus known by several common names, including ever-flowering gladiolus and marsh Afrikaner. It is native to southern Africa, especially South Africa. It is known in parts of Australia and coastal California as an introduced species. It is sometimes grown as a garden plant. This gladiolus typically"
"probably represent their discarded helmets. An inscription describes their match as ""missio"", meaning that they were released; the relief, and its inscription, might indicate that they fought to an honourable ""standing tie"" as equals. A number of specific legal and moral codes applied to gladiators. In an edict of 22 BC, all men of senatorial class (not including equites) down to their grandsons were prohibited from participating in the games, on penalty of ""infamia"", which involved loss of social status and certain legal rights. In 19 AD, during the reign of Tiberius, this prohibition was extended under the Larinum Decree,"
"successful Italian films of that kind were ""Black Eagle"" from 1946, and ""Fabiola"" from 1949. Inspired by the success of ""Spartacus"", there were a number of Italian peplums that heavily emphasized the gladiatorial arena in their plots, with it becoming almost a peplum subgenre in itself; One group of supermen known as ""The Ten Gladiators"" appeared in a trilogy, all three films starring Dan Vadis in the lead role. With the interest in the Elizabeth Taylor ""Cleopatra"" film shot in Rome, several Italian films sought to ride its wave of publicity. 20th Century Fox bought the rights for two of"
"Gladiolus 'Priscilla' Gladiolus 'Priscilla' is a cultivar of ""Gladiolus"" (""Gladiolus x gandavensis"", ) which has tri-colored flowers. They have a white ruffled flowers with pink edges, and a soft yellow throat. The florets (6 - 7 per stem) are arranged on strong and erect spikes adorned by pointed sword-like leaves. Blooming in mid to late summer, this Gladiolus grows up to tall. The hardy to between USDA Zones 7 -10. In general Gladioli prefer to grow in full sun and have plenty of water during the growing season, but will still grow successfully in partial shade. They can be grown"
"Revenge of The Gladiators Revenge of The Gladiators () is a 1964 Italian peplum film written and directed by Luigi Capuano and starring Mickey Hargitay and José Greci. The film depicts the Western Roman Empire in the 450s. The city of Rome itself is besieged by Genseric and his Vandals. The empire is depicted as weak and corrupt, while under the control of the ineffectual emperor Valentinian III and his wife Calpurnia. The Roman general Aetius manages to temporarily halt the advance of the Vandals. Fabius, a son of Aetius, falls in love with princess Priscilla, a daughter of the"
"Gladiator (video game) Gladiator, known in Japan as , is an arcade game developed by Allumer and published in 1986 by Taito. It was followed by a sequel titled ""Blandia"". Home ports of ""Gladiator"" were released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 as Great Gurianos. The player controls a gladiator/knight named Great Gurianos as he walks through a castle. The joystick direction moves the character left and right and raises his shield up and down. The game's three buttons correspond to a high, medium, and low attack with Great Gurianos's sword. Gladiator consists of four levels. The"