"consistency. Some solitary bees have advanced types of pollen-carrying structures on their bodies. A very few species of solitary bees are being cultured for commercial pollination. Most of these species belong to a distinct set of genera which are commonly known by their nesting behavior or preferences, namely: carpenter bees, sweat bees, mason bees, plasterer bees, squash bees, dwarf carpenter bees, leafcutter bees, alkali bees and digger bees. Most solitary bees nest in the ground in a variety of soil textures and conditions while others create nests in hollow reeds or twigs, holes in wood. The female typically creates a"
"epithet (ensigera) is derived from the Latin word ""ensiger"" meaning ""sword-bearing"", referring to the bayonet-like tips of the sepals and petals. This spider orchid only occurs in Alligator Gorge in the Mount Remarkable National Park where it grows in woodland with a shrubby understorey. Caladenia ensigera Caladenia ensigera is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single leaf and one or two greenish cream to whitish green flowers and is only known from Alligator Gorge in the Mount Remarkable National Park. ""Caladenia ensigera"" is a terrestrial, perennial,"
"Platanthera hookeri Platanthera hookeri, otherwise known as Hooker's orchid or Hooker's bog orchid, is a perennial wildflower in the genus ""Platanthera"" that can be found in temperate regions of North America ranging from Iowa to Newfoundland. Hooker's orchid prefers partial shade and is found in dry or mesic forests and either deciduous or coniferous woodlands. Basal and opposite, the two leaves for this orchid are found nearly flat on the ground. The leaves are round in shape with the edges and surface being smooth but wrinkled. Hooker's orchid flowers take bloom in June and July and are pollinated by skippers"
"by orchid fanciers due to the curious and unusual form of their flowers. Along with ""Cypripedium"", ""Mexipedium"", ""Phragmipedium"" and ""Selenipedium"", the genus is a member of the subfamily Cypripedioideae, commonly referred to as the ""lady's-slippers"" or ""slipper orchids"" due to the unusual shape of the pouch-like labellum of the flower. The pouch traps insects seeking nectar, and to leave again they have to climb up past the staminode, behind which they collect or deposit pollinia. The orchid, despite several attempts to clone by tissue culture, has never been successfully cloned, for unknown reasons. This means every plant is unique. Members"
"on disused railways. The name arises because its inflorescence resembles a fly, although it is dependent on Hymenoptera for pollination. In the UK ""O. insectifera"" is pollinated by just two species of digger wasp: ""Argogorytes mystaceus"" and ""Argogorytes fargeii"". The plants use scent to attract male wasps which pollinate the flowers as they attempt to mate with them. The scent released by the flowers mimic female sexual pheromones. Both the insect species which pollinate fly orchids are observed to feed on Umbellifer flowers as adults and froghopper nymphs as larvae. ""A. mystaceus"" reproduces in woodland glades, while ""A. fargeii"" reproduces"
"Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera ciliaris, commonly known as the yellow fringed orchid, yellow-fringed orchid, or orange-fringed orchid, is a large and showy species of orchid. It grows in ""acid soil of hillside seepage bogs"" in the longleaf pine landscapes of the Gulf Coast. Like many species in these habitats, including flatwoods, it is dependent upon recurring fire to create open conditions. Further north it is found in bogs, but even here it may be dependent upon fire to create open conditions. It is pollinated by large butterflies, mostly swallowtails. The species is at risk in some areas from loss of habitat"
"the UK ""Ophrys sphegodes"" is pollinated by the miner bee ""Andrena nigroaenea"", a polylectic pollinator (i.e. one that visits many different species of flower), a bee species which requires dry sandy soils. Different subspecies have evolved to attract different pollinators. This orchid species is able to form symbiotic relationships with a range of species of mycorrhizal fungi. ""Ophrys"" comes from the Greek for eyebrow, perhaps a reference to the velvety brown appearance of the labellum. ""sphegodes"" means wasp-like in Greek. This species was formerly called O. aranifera, meaning spider-carrying. The genus ""Ophrys"" is the most species-rich (i.e. diverse) genus of"
"Dendrobium pugioniforme Dendrobium pugioniforme, commonly known as the dagger orchid is a species of orchid endemic to eastern Australia. It is an epiphytic or lithophytic orchid with pendulous, wiry stems, fleshy, sharply pointed leaves and flowering stems with one or two greenish or yellowish flowers with a white labellum. It grows on trees and rocks, mostly in humid forest. ""Dendrobium pugioniforme"" is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with pendulous wiry, branched stems long and about wide. The leaves are pendulous, thick, green, egg-shaped, long and wide with a sharply pointed tip. The flowering stem emerges from a single leaf base,"
"Foreign"". The specific epithet (""clavigera"") is a Latin word meaning ""club-bearer"". The hairy snail orchid grows in shrubland, woodland and rocky slopes between Mudgee and Dubbo and in nearby areas. Pterostylis clavigera Pterostylis clavigera, commonly known as the hairy snail orchid is a species of orchid which is endemic to New South Wales. It has a rosette of leaves at its base, and when flowering, a single narrow, bright green and white flower on a rough flowering stem. ""Pterostylis clavigera"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a rosette of dull green leaves long and wide"
"plicata"" is classified as ""not threatened"" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. Caladenia plicata Caladenia plicata, commonly known as the crab-lipped spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one or two red, yellow and pale green flowers with an unusual labellum which vibrates in the slightest breeze. ""Caladenia macrostylis"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. One or two red, yellow and pale green flowers with red markings and long"
"(""Orchis simia""). The three species often hybridize, making them difficult to identify, although the shape of the labellum is distinct to each species. Deer, especially the muntjac, and slugs are among the greatest threats to this orchid. Human activity - picking flowers or uprooting plants - is also a concern. Orchis purpurea Orchis purpurea, the lady orchid, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the genus ""Orchis"" of the family Orchidaceae. ""Orchis purpurea"" reaches on average of height. The leaves are broad and oblong-lanceolate, forming a rosette about the base of the plant and surrounding the flower spike. They are fleshy"
"by crepuscular moths. Platanthera lacera Platanthera lacera is an orchid in the genus ""Platanthera"", native throughout Eastern United States and Canada. It occurs in a variety of habitats ranging from “mesic and dry-mesic sand prairie, wet sedge meadow, calcareous fen, sphagnum bog, acid seep spring, dry field, mesic flatwoods, and mesic upland forests.” Common names include ragged fringed orchid and green fringed orchid. It is a perennial growing tall. 2 to 7 lanceolate to narrow elliptic leaves should be present. The inflorescence is a terminal racemic structure, long with 15 to 60 whitish-green flowers. The flowers are fragrant at night"
"of Parks and Wildlife. Caladenia filifera Caladenia filifera, commonly known as the blood spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a relatively common orchid in its natural range, often forming clumps, and has a single hairy leaf and up to three blood-red flowers. ""Caladenia filifera"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and which often forms clumps or tufts. It has a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. Up to three blood red flowers long and wide are borne on a stalk high. The dorsal sepal is"
"Caladenia pumila Caladenia pumila, commonly known as the dwarf spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to Victoria. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and a single white flower with pale pink stripes. Its short flowering stem distinguishes it from other Victorian spider orchids. After 1933 it was presumed extinct until two plants were discovered in 2009. ""Caladenia pumila"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single fleshy, erect, hairy leaf, long, wide, with reddish spots near the base. A single white flower wide"
"land clearance, weed invasion and grazing by rabbits. Caladenia richardsiorum Caladenia richardsiorum, commonly known as the little dip spider orchid, Richards' spider orchid or robe spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to South Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and usually only one yellowish-green flower. It is similar to the endangered Mellblom's spider orchid (""Caladenia hastata"") but has a much larger leaf and the petals lack glandular tips. ""Caladenia richardsiorum"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single, erect, hairy leaf. The"
"Caladenia Caladenia, commonly known as spider orchids, is a genus of 350 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Spider orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single hairy leaf and a hairy stem. The labellum is fringed or toothed in most species and there are small projections called calli on the labellum. The flowers have adaptations to attract particular species of insects for pollination. The genus is divided into three groups on the basis of flower shape, broadly, spider orchids, zebra orchids and cowslip orchids, although other common names are often used. Although they occur in other countries, most"
"of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is poorly known and from only one or a few locations. Caladenia startiorum Caladenia startiorum, commonly known as Starts' spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, hairy leaf and up to three pink flowers with a fringe of long teeth on the sides of the labellum and pinkish to brown club-like glandular tips on the sepals. ""Caladenia startiorum"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. Up to three pink"
"wildflowers are several varieties of orchids, the rarest of which is the early spider orchid, which has yellow-green to brownish green petals and looks like the body of a large spider. The oxtongue broomrape is an unusual plant that lives on the roots of a host plant. It has yellow, white, or blue snapdragon-like flowers and about 90 per cent of the UK's population is found on the cliffs. Viper's-bugloss, a showy plant in vivid shades of blue and purple with red stamens, also grows along the cliffs. In his play ""King Lear"", Shakespeare mentions rock samphire, an edible plant"
"and collecting. For example, it is endangered in Michigan. It has been recorded from extreme southern Ontario, but is now thought to be extirpated. Platanthera ciliaris Platanthera ciliaris, commonly known as the yellow fringed orchid, yellow-fringed orchid, or orange-fringed orchid, is a large and showy species of orchid. It grows in ""acid soil of hillside seepage bogs"" in the longleaf pine landscapes of the Gulf Coast. Like many species in these habitats, including flatwoods, it is dependent upon recurring fire to create open conditions. Further north it is found in bogs, but even here it may be dependent upon fire"
"Caladenia graniticola Caladenia graniticola, commonly known as the Pingaring spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-green, red and white flowers which have a greenish-yellow and white labellum with a red tip. It was originally described as ""Caladenia hoffmanii"" subsp. ""graniticola"" but has a slightly different labellum and column. ""Caladenia graniticola"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. One or two flowers long and wide are borne on a stalk tall."
"epidermis. The ovipositor is specialised for the purpose and it has a peculiar shape rather like the curved blade of a field hockey stick. In this respect the ovipositor differs from most other katydids, that tend to have straight, sometimes very long, ovipositors. The best-known pest species is ""Plangia graminea"", a lightly built katydid; it is not of much commercial or agricultural importance, seldom worth controlling, but sometimes causes damage to foliage in vineyards and gardens. Plangia Plangia is a genus of insect in family Tettigoniidae, commonly known as Bush crickets or Katydids. In Afrikaans they are generally known as"
"the lip. As the proboscis enters the spur it pushes between the pollinia, dislodging the sticky discs which adhere to it. Pollinators include pine, small elephant and, to a lesser extent, elephant hawk-moths. This species has suffered a serious decline, especially in central and southern England, as a result of woodland clearance. Upland populations in the north and west have suffered from overgrazing. Platanthera bifolia Platanthera bifolia, commonly known as the lesser butterfly-orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus ""Platanthera"", having certain relations with the genus ""Orchis"", where it was previously included and also with the genus ""Habenaria""."
"Caladenia plicata Caladenia plicata, commonly known as the crab-lipped spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and one or two red, yellow and pale green flowers with an unusual labellum which vibrates in the slightest breeze. ""Caladenia macrostylis"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. One or two red, yellow and pale green flowers with red markings and long and wide are borne on a stalk tall. The sepals have thick brown club-like glandular tips"
"""Phymatothynnus nitidus"" have been shown to be the pollinator of this orchid when they attempt to mate with the flower. Caladenia stellata Caladenia stellata, commonly known as the starry spider orchid is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a ground orchid with a single, hairy leaf and usually only one greenish-cream flower with red markings. ""Caladenia stellata"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a single, dull green, hairy, linear leaf, 60–150 mm long and 5–10 mm wide with reddish-purple blotches near its base. Usually only"
"Platanthera lacera Platanthera lacera is an orchid in the genus ""Platanthera"", native throughout Eastern United States and Canada. It occurs in a variety of habitats ranging from “mesic and dry-mesic sand prairie, wet sedge meadow, calcareous fen, sphagnum bog, acid seep spring, dry field, mesic flatwoods, and mesic upland forests.” Common names include ragged fringed orchid and green fringed orchid. It is a perennial growing tall. 2 to 7 lanceolate to narrow elliptic leaves should be present. The inflorescence is a terminal racemic structure, long with 15 to 60 whitish-green flowers. The flowers are fragrant at night and are pollinated"
"Platanthera psycodes Platanthera psycodes, commonly called lesser purple fringed orchid or small purple-fringed orchid, is a species of orchid, genus ""Platanthera"", occurring from eastern Canada (from Manitoba to Newfoundland) to the east-central and northeastern United States (Great Lakes Region, Appalachian Mountains, and New England). It is imperiled in Illinois, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Kentucky. The specific epithet ""psycodes"" is a misspelling of ""psychodes"", which means ""butterfly-like"", probably alluding to the shape of the flowers. Like many other orchids it is a plant of wet habitats: sedge meadows, flatwoods, sphagnum bogs, cedar or alder swamps, on stream edges or the moist"
"preference of this species. Pingaring spider orchid occurs between Kalgarin and Newdegate in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions where it grows under tall shrubs on and around granite outcrops. ""Caladenia graniticola"" is classified as ""Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)"" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. The main threats to the species are its small population size, inappropriate fire regimes, grazing by rabbits and kangaroos and weed invasion. Caladenia graniticola Caladenia graniticola, commonly known as the Pingaring spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has"
"Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena Caladenia longicauda"" subsp. ""calcigena, commonly known as the coastal white spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and up to four mostly white flowers. It grows in coastal sand on the west coast and is distinguished from other subspecies growing in the same area, by its longer sepals and petals, small, narrow labellum and by the arrangement of the calli on its labellum. ""Caladenia longicauda"" subsp. ""calcigena"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and"
"of the previously known populations, but 867 were at a single location and none was found at the other three. The main threats to the population are rising salinity, grazing by rabbits and goats, weeds and habitat degradation. Caladenia cristata Caladenia cristata, commonly known as the crested clown orchid or crested spider orchid is a species of orchid endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and a greenish-yellow and red flower on an unusually tall spike, considering the small size of the flower. Since its discovery in 1923 and collections"
"the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. The main threats to the species are recreational activities, road maintenance, altered fire regimes and small population size. Caladenia granitora Caladenia granitora, commonly known as the granite spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and one or two yellowish-cream, white and red flowers which have a white labellum with a red tip. ""Caladenia granitora"" is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. One or two flowers long"
"and orchid in balance. The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia' records that ""These and other orchids have edible tubers."" Caladenia Caladenia, commonly known as spider orchids, is a genus of 350 species of plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Spider orchids are terrestrial herbs with a single hairy leaf and a hairy stem. The labellum is fringed or toothed in most species and there are small projections called calli on the labellum. The flowers have adaptations to attract particular species of insects for pollination. The genus is divided into three groups on the basis of flower shape,"
"as ""not threatened"" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. Caladenia longicauda subsp. calcigena Caladenia longicauda"" subsp. ""calcigena, commonly known as the coastal white spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and up to four mostly white flowers. It grows in coastal sand on the west coast and is distinguished from other subspecies growing in the same area, by its longer sepals and petals, small, narrow labellum and by the arrangement of the calli on its labellum. ""Caladenia longicauda"""
"is the most successful orchid coloniser of waste land. Pollination may be by bumblebees, or the longhorn beetle ""Alosterna tabacicolor"". ""Dactylorhiza fuchsii"" forms mycorrhizal associations with fungi in the Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidium groups. ""Dactylorhiza"" is Ancient Greek for finger root, referring to the shape of the plant's roots. The species name ""fuchsii"" honours the 16th Century German botanist Leonhart Fuchs. The English name 'common spotted' refers to the species' abundance and the spots on its leaves. The French and German common names also honour Leonhart Fuchs. This plant belongs to a problematic group of orchids. ""D. fuchsii"" is very variable"