"Suicide attack A suicide attack is any violent attack in which the attacker expects their own death as a direct result of the method used to harm, damage or destroy the target. Suicide attacks have occurred throughout history, often as part of a military campaign such as the Japanese ""kamikaze"" pilots of World War II, and more recently as part of terrorist campaigns, such as the September 11 attacks. While there were few, if any, successful suicide attacks anywhere in the world from the end of World War II until 1980, between 1981 and September 2015, a total of 4,814"
"Japanese origin, which in the English language usually refers to suicide attacks carried out by Imperial Japan's military aviators against Allied ships towards the end of the Pacific campaign of World War II, by crashing their explosive-filled planes into warships to stop and block the advancement of Allied shipping towards the Japanese archipelago. Air attacks were the predominant and best-known aspect of a wider use of – or plans for – suicide attacks by Japanese personnel, including soldiers carrying explosives, and boat crews, in WW2 Japan thought Suicide was the honorable way to die. (see Japanese Special Attack Units). Since"
"Robinson family was very unhappy with the censorship of the information about the Haradas, especially since they had donated the aircraft and tractor pieces based on what they were told about how the display would read. The exhibit does state that Yoshio Harada committed suicide after the incident but does not mention his wife. Niihau incident The Niihau incident occurred on December 7–13, 1941, when Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi (西開地 重徳 ""Nishikaichi Shigenori"") crash-landed his Zero on the Hawaiian island of Niihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was killed in a struggle"
"We were automatons who obeyed without thinking."" Tetsuzo Iwamoto refused to engage in a ""kamikaze"" attack because he thought the task of fighter pilots was to shoot down aircraft. Kamikaze , officially , were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who initiated suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy warships more effectively than possible with conventional air attacks. About 3,800 ""kamikaze"" pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by ""kamikaze"""
"Yukio Araki Yukio Araki ( ""Araki Yukio"", March 10, 1928 - May 27, 1945) was a Japanese aviator of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. As a member of the 72nd Shinbu Squadron, Araki's final mission took place on May 27, 1945 during the Battle of Okinawa when he flew his bomb-laden Mitsubishi Ki-51 to deliberately crash into the USS ""Braine"". It is speculated that Araki and one other pilot are responsible for hitting the ship, killing 66 of its crew. At 17 years old, Araki is one of the youngest kamikaze pilots of World War II. Araki"
"Suicide Cliff Suicide Cliff is a cliff above Marpi Point Field near the northern tip of Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, which achieved historic significance late in World War II. Also known as Laderan Banadero, it is a location where thousands of Japanese civilians and soldiers committed suicide by jumping to their deaths in 1944 in order to avoid capture by the United States, as Japanese propaganda emphasized brutal treatment of Japanese such as American mutilation of Japanese war dead. Many Japanese feared the ""American devils raping and devouring Japanese women and children."" The precise number of suicides there is not"
"dispersed Mongol invasion fleets under Kublai Khan in 1274. A Japanese monoplane that made a record-breaking flight from Tokyo to London in 1937 for the Asahi newspaper group was named ""Kamikaze"". She was a prototype for the Mitsubishi Ki-15 (""Babs""). In Japanese, the formal term used for units carrying out suicide attacks during 1944–1945 is ""tokubetsu kōgeki tai"" (特別攻撃隊), which literally means ""special attack unit"". This is usually abbreviated to ""tokkōtai"" (特攻隊). More specifically, air suicide attack units from the Imperial Japanese Navy were officially called ""shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai"" (神風特別攻撃隊, ""divine wind special attack units""). ""Shinpū"" is the on-reading"
"the end of World War II, numerous Special Attack Units (Japanese: 特別攻撃隊, ""tokubetsu kōgeki tai"", also abbreviated to 特攻隊, ""tokkōtai"") were developed for suicide missions, in a desperate move to compensate for the annihilation of the main fleet. These units included ""Kamikaze"" (""Divine Wind"") bombers, ""Shinyo"" (""Sea Quake"") suicide boats, ""Kairyu"" (""Sea Dragon"") suicide midget submarines, ""Kaiten"" (""Turn of Heaven"") suicide torpedoes, and ""Fukuryu"" (""Crouching Dragon"") suicide scuba divers who would swim under boats and use explosives mounted on bamboo poles to destroy both the boat and themselves. ""Kamikaze"" planes were particularly effective during the defense of Okinawa, in which"
"in a rapid partially controllable descent. In the following years there were more suicide attacks; the best known by military aviators are the attacks from the Empire of Japan, called kamikaze, against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II. These attacks were designed to destroy warships more effectively than was possible with conventional attacks; between and , 3,860 kamikaze pilots committed suicide in this manner. This list excludes World War II suicide attacks on ground targets (see section above). Legend: In a 2016 study published in ""Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance"", Kenedi"
"Niihau incident The Niihau incident occurred on December 7–13, 1941, when Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi (西開地 重徳 ""Nishikaichi Shigenori"") crash-landed his Zero on the Hawaiian island of Niihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor. He was killed in a struggle with people on the island. The island's Native Hawaiian residents were initially unaware of the attack, but apprehended Nishikaichi when the gravity of the situation became apparent. Nishikaichi then sought and received the assistance of the three Hawaiian locals of Japanese descent on the island in overcoming his captors, finding weapons, and taking several"
"a peaceful emotion. I can think about neither life nor death. A man should die once, and no day is more honorable than today to dedicate myself for the eternal cause. (...) I will go to the front smiling. On the day of the sortie too, and forever. Kiyoshi Ogawa Kiyoshi Ogawa ( ""Ogawa Kiyoshi"", October 23, 1922 – May 11, 1945) was a Japanese naval aviator ensign () of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. As a kamikaze pilot, Ensign Ogawa's final action took place on May 11, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa. Piloting a bomb-laden"
"the war, the Fourth Flight Division of the Japanese Imperial Airforce organized kamikaze or suicide units to be stationed here and in Bacolod. Known later as the Third Regiment Suicide Corps, it was headed by Major Tsuneharu Sirai with Capt. Tetsuzu Kimura as his Chief Staff Officer. Of its 59 pilots and crews, 30 were killed in the Battle of Leyte Gulf which they played a major role as kamikaze pilots. The Pula – Bunglas area of Barangay Malubon served as the Japanese landing field for the Fourth Flight Division. It was also a site where the local soldiers, guerrillas"
"as numbers for the J2M reflect. A surviving J2M is on display at the Planes of Fame museum in Chino, California. Mitsubishi J2M The Mitsubishi J2M ""Raiden"" (雷電, ""Thunderbolt"") is a single-engined land-based fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allied reporting name was ""Jack"". The J2M was designed by Jiro Horikoshi, creator of the A6M Zero, to meet the 14-Shi (14th year of the Showa reign, or 1939) official specification. It was to be a strictly local-defense interceptor, intended to counter the threat of high-altitude bomber raids, and thus relied on"
"Fred Hockley Sub-Lieutenant Frederick (Fred) Hockley RNVR (1923–1945) was an English Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm fighter pilot who was shot down over Japan while taking part in the last combat mission flown by British aircraft in the Second World War. Nine hours after Emperor Hirohito announced the unconditional surrender of Japan, on 15 August 1945, Hockley was secretly executed by soldiers from the Imperial Japanese Army. The two officers who instigated the killing were convicted of war crimes and hanged in Hong Kong in 1947. Hockley was born in Littleport near Ely in Cambridgeshire. His father was a foreman"
"committed suicide to avoid capture and slavery (including the wave of German and Japanese suicides in the last days of World War II). Commanders committed suicide rather than accept defeat. Spies and officers have committed suicide to avoid revealing secrets under interrogation and/or torture. Behaviour that could be seen as suicidal occurred often in battle. Japanese infantrymen usually fought to the last man, launched ""banzai"" suicide charges, and committed suicide during the Pacific island battles in World War II. In Saipan and Okinawa, civilians joined in the suicides. Suicidal attacks by pilots were common in the 20th century: the attack"
"Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka The Yokosuka MXY-7 was a purpose-built, rocket-powered human-guided ""kamikaze"" attack aircraft employed by Japan against Allied ships towards the end of World War II. United States sailors gave the aircraft the nickname . The MXY-7 Navy Suicide Attacker ""Ohka"" was a manned flying bomb that was usually carried underneath a Mitsubishi G4M2e Model 24J ""Betty"" bomber to within range of its target. On release, the pilot would first glide towards the target and when close enough he would fire the ""Ohka""s three solid-fuel rockets, one at a time or in unison, and fly the missile towards the"
"the surrender. Captain Yasuna Ozono, the commander of a naval air unit stationed around Tokyo, committed suicide after being unable to destroy ""Bataan 1"" and ""Bataan 2"" due to a lack of will amongst his men. The call-sign was reportedly selected on General MacArthur's orders as a reminder of Japanese actions during the Bataan Death March. Once the planes landed at Ie Shima, the delegates were loaded upon a US Army Air Forces transport plane to complete their flight to Manila. Both planes were allegedly destroyed either by accident or planned scrapping shortly after. Bataan 1 and Bataan 2 Bataan"
"Kamikaze , officially , were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who initiated suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy warships more effectively than possible with conventional air attacks. About 3,800 ""kamikaze"" pilots died during the war, and more than 7,000 naval personnel were killed by ""kamikaze"" attacks. ""Kamikaze"" aircraft were essentially pilot-guided explosive missiles, purpose-built or converted from conventional aircraft. Pilots would attempt to crash their aircraft into enemy ships in what was called a"
"also given the posthumous name ""Bukai-in Kohan Giko Kyoshi"", a Zen Buddhist phrase that translates: """"In the ocean of the military, reflective of all distinguished pilots, an honored Buddhist person."""" Because of the confusion towards the end of the Pacific war, the bulletin's publication was delayed and funeral services were not held until December 2, 1947. Notes Bibliography Hiroyoshi Nishizawa Lieutenant Junior Grade was an ace of the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service during World War II. It is possible that Nishizawa was the most successful Japanese fighter ace of the war; he personally claimed to have had 102 aerial"
"surrender of Japan at the end of World War II. His suicide note apologized to the approximately 4,000 pilots whom he had sent to their deaths, and urged all young civilians who had survived the war to work towards rebuilding Japan and peace among nations. He also stated that he would offer his death as a penance to the ""kamikaze"" pilots and their families. Accordingly, he did not use a ""kaishakunin"" (a second who executes him by beheading), and died of self-inflicted injuries over a period of 15 hours. The sword with which Ōnishi committed suicide is kept at the"
"population of the village was reduced greatly. The American forces landed on Tokashiki on March 27, 1945 as an early part of the Battle of Okinawa. On the following day, March 28, 1945, 394 inhabitants of Tokashiki, mostly from farming families, immolated themselves with grenades after the landing of US troops in a practice that became known as ""shūdan jikketsu"", or group suicide. The group suicide on Tokashiki in late March was a precursor to large-scale group suicides on Okinawa Island in the following months. Tokashiki Island is connected to Tomari Port in Naha by ferry. Tokashiki is home to"
"Kiyoshi Ogawa Kiyoshi Ogawa ( ""Ogawa Kiyoshi"", October 23, 1922 – May 11, 1945) was a Japanese naval aviator ensign () of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. As a kamikaze pilot, Ensign Ogawa's final action took place on May 11, 1945, during the Battle of Okinawa. Piloting a bomb-laden Mitsubishi Zero fighter during Operation Kikusui No. 6, Ogawa at the age of 22 flew through American anti-aircraft fire and attacked the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier . He dropped a bomb, never pulled out of the dive, and crashed deliberately into the flight deck near the control tower"
"suicide. Well over 100 American prisoners of war were also murdered. In addition, many Australian and British prisoners of war were murdered in Borneo, at both Ranau and Sandakan, by the Imperial Japanese Army. At Batu Lintang camp, also in Borneo, death orders were found which proposed the murder of some 2,000 POWs and civilian internees on September 15, 1945, but the camp was liberated four days before these orders were due to be carried out. The formal signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender took place on board the battleship in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945, and at"
"Japanese Special Attack Units During World War II, Japanese Special Attack Units (特別攻撃隊 ""tokubetsu kōgeki tai"", often abbreviated to 特攻隊 ""tokkōtai""), also called ""shimbu-tai"", were specialized units of the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army normally used for suicide missions. They included ""kamikaze"" aircraft, ""fukuryu"" frogmen, and several types of suicide boats and submarines. Towards the end of the Pacific War, the Japanese were increasingly anticipating an American attack into the country and a preparation was made for its defense. This was called Ketsu Go and the operation included the formation of specialized Japanese units. The move was driven"
"Mitsubishi J2M The Mitsubishi J2M ""Raiden"" (雷電, ""Thunderbolt"") is a single-engined land-based fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allied reporting name was ""Jack"". The J2M was designed by Jiro Horikoshi, creator of the A6M Zero, to meet the 14-Shi (14th year of the Showa reign, or 1939) official specification. It was to be a strictly local-defense interceptor, intended to counter the threat of high-altitude bomber raids, and thus relied on speed, climb performance, and armament at the expense of manoeuvrability. The J2M was a sleek, but stubby craft with its oversized"
"Japanese custody, including 52 who were killed when they were deliberately left in a prison during the bombing of Tokyo on May 24–25, 1945. In July 1945, a flight of American B-24 aircraft were sent on a mission to bomb Japanese-controlled Singapore. As they flew over to the target, they were shot down by two Japanese warships, the destroyer ""Kamikaze"" and the minesweeper, ""Toshimaru"". Seven survivors were picked up by the two ships and brought to the naval base at Seletar where they were detained for some time. On August 4/5, 1945, the flyers were executed. After World War II,"
"Charles Donald Albury Charles Donald Albury (October 12, 1920 – May 23, 2009) was an American military aviator who participated in both atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He co-piloted the United States Army Air Forces B-29 bomber known as the ""Bockscar"" during the mission which dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. The bombing of Nagasaki killed an estimated 40,000 people instantly, and led to Japan's unconditional surrender on August 14, 1945, ending World War II. Albury was born in 1920 at his parents' home in Miami, Florida. The Miami Police Department building currently stands"
"Japanese strength of 200 fighters. (Overclaiming remained commonplace through World War Two, despite gun cameras and expert intelligence assessments.) Top scoring pilot of the incident and top scoring IJAAF pilot on the Ki-27 and overall World War II IJAAF ace was Warrant Officer Hiromichi Shinohara, who claimed 58 Soviet planes (including an IJAAF record of 11 in one day) whilst flying Ki-27s, only to be shot down himself by a number of I-16s on 27 August 1939. The preference of Japanese fighter pilots for the Ki-27's high rate of turn caused the Army to focus excessively on manoeuvrability, a decision"
"able to achieve results with small force and resources committed. Historians view the success of the suicide tactics as an important driver to Japanese war policies after 1943. The Yokosuka MXY-7 was a purpose-built ""kamikaze"" aircraft employed by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service towards the end of World War II. The US gave the aircraft the Japanese name ""Baka"" (""idiot""). It was a small flying bomb that was carried underneath a Mitsubishi G4M2e ""Betty"", Yokosuka P1Y ""Ginga"" ""Frances"" (guided Type 22) or planned Heavy Nakajima G8N ""Renzan"" ""Rita"" (transport type 43A/B) bomber to within range of its target; on"
"mountain is also called """"Satsuma Fuji"""" (meaning a mountain like Mount Fuji but located in the Satsuma Province region). Suicide-mission pilots looked over their shoulders to see the mountain, the southernmost on the Japanese mainland, said farewell to their country and saluted the mountain. Residents on Kikaishima Island, east of Amami Ōshima, say that pilots from suicide-mission units dropped flowers from the air as they departed on their final missions. ""Kamikaze"" pilots who were unable to complete their missions (because of mechanical failure, interception, etc.) were stigmatized in the years following the war. This stigma began to diminish some 50"
"more difficult for the IJNAS. By the Battle of the Philippine Sea (June 1944), the Japanese had to make do with obsolete aircraft and inexperienced aviators in the fight against better-trained and more experienced US Navy airmen who flew radar-directed combat air patrols. The Japanese lost over 400 carrier-based planes and pilots in the Battle of the Philippine Sea, effectively putting an end to their carriers' potency. Allied aviators called the action the ""Great Marianas Turkey Shoot"". On 19 June 1944, planes from the carrier approached a US task group. According to some accounts, two made suicide attacks, one of"
"the Japanese invented an unexpected and highly effective new tactic, the Kamikaze suicide plane aimed like a guided missile at American ships. Kamikaze means divine winds. The attacks began in October 1944 and continued to the end of the war. Most of the aircraft used in kamikaze attacks were converted obsolete fighters and dive-bombers. The quality of construction was very poor, and many crashed during training or before reaching targets. Experienced pilots were used to lead a mission because they could navigate; they were not Kamikazes, and they returned to base for another mission. The Kamikaze pilots were inexperienced and"
"without admitting liability. JAL president, Yasumoto Takagi (), resigned. In the aftermath of the incident, Hiroo Tominaga, a JAL maintenance manager, killed himself to atone for the incident, while Susumu Tajima, an engineer who had inspected and cleared the aircraft as flightworthy, committed suicide due to difficulties at work. In compliance with standard procedures, Japan Airlines dropped the flight number 123 for their Haneda-Itami routes, changing it to Flight 121 and Flight 127 on September 1, 1985. While Boeing 747s were still used on the same route operating with the new flight numbers in the years following the crash, they"