"settlements Northern Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century. Vikings has been a common term for Norsemen in the early medieval period, especially in connection with raids and monastic plundering made by Norsemen in Great Britain and Ireland. Leif Ericson was an Icelandic explorer known to be the first European to have landed in North America (presumably in Newfoundland, Canada). During a stay in Norway, Leif Ericsson converted to Christianity, like many Norse of that time. He also went to Norway to serve the King of Norway, Olaf Tryggvason. When he returned to Greenland, he bought the"
"of Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse settlement in Greenland and of Thjodhild (Þjóðhildur), both of Norwegian origin. His place of birth is not known, but he is assumed to have been born in Iceland, which had recently been colonized by Norsemen mainly from Norway. He grew up in the family estate ""Brattahlíð"" in the Eastern Settlement in Greenland. Leif had two known sons: Thorgils, born to noblewoman Thorgunna in the Hebrides; and Thorkell, who succeeded him as chieftain of the Greenland settlement. Leif was the son of Erik the Red and his wife Thjodhild, and the"
"the colonization of the Orkney Islands, the Faroese Islands and Iceland. The most important Norse colony was the settlement in Iceland, which became a haven for Scandinavians who sought to preserve their traditional way of life and independence of central authority. The literary heritage of the Icelanders is dispensable for the modern understanding of early North Germanic history and culture. In the late 10th century, the Icelandic explorer Erik the Red discovered Greenland and supervised the Norse settlement of the Iceland. His son Leif later made the first documented trans-oceanic voyage in history and thereafter supervised the attempted Norse colonization"
"Erik the Red Erik Thorvaldsson (; 950 – c. 1003), known as Erik the Red () was a Norse explorer, remembered in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Þorvald Ásvaldsson. He therefore also appears, patronymically, as Erik Thorvaldsson (""Eiríkr Þorvaldsson""). The appellation ""the Red"" most likely refers to his hair color and the color of his beard. Leif Erikson, the famous Icelandic explorer, was Erik's son. Erik the Red's father (Thorvald Asvaldsson) was banished from"
"depicted in the Grœnlendinga saga. Otherwise, the tales are largely similar, both with heavy focuses on the exploits of Thorfinnr Karlsefni and his wife Guðríðr. Erik the Red Erik Thorvaldsson (; 950 – c. 1003), known as Erik the Red () was a Norse explorer, remembered in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Þorvald Ásvaldsson. He therefore also appears, patronymically, as Erik Thorvaldsson (""Eiríkr Þorvaldsson""). The appellation ""the Red"" most likely refers to his hair"
"the coastline and claimed certain regions as his own. He then returned to Iceland to persuade people to join him in establishing a settlement on Greenland. The Icelandic sagas say that 25 ships left Iceland with Erik the Red in 985, and that only 14 of them arrived safely in Greenland. This date has been approximately confirmed by radiocarbon dating of remains at the first settlement at Brattahlid (now Qassiarsuk), which yielded a date of about 1000. According to the sagas, it was also in the year 1000 that Erik's son, Leif Eirikson, left the settlement to explore the regions"
"went into exile in Iceland accompanied by young Erik. When Erik was himself banished from Iceland, he travelled further west to an area he named Greenland, where he established the first permanent settlement in 986. Tyrker, one of Erik's thralls, had been specially trusted to keep in charge of Erik's children, as Leif later referred to him as his ""foster father"". Leif and his crew travelled from Greenland to Norway in 999 AD. Blown off course to the Hebrides and staying for much of the summer, he arrived in Norway and became a ""hirdman"" of King Olaf Tryggvason. He also"
"from the north'), who expanded to England, Sicily, and other Mediterranean islands. Apart from Britain and Ireland, Norwegian Vikings established settlements in largely uninhabited regions. The first known permanent Norwegian settler in Iceland was Ingólfur Arnarson. In the year 874 he settled in Reykjavík. After his expulsion from Iceland Erik the Red discovered Greenland, a name he chose in hope of attracting Icelandic settlers. Viking settlements were established in the sheltered fjords of the southern and western coast. Erik's relative Leif Eriksson later discovered North America. During the 17th and 18th centuries, many Norwegians emigrated to the Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam."
"Thorstein Eiriksson Thorstein Eiriksson () was the third and youngest son of Erik the Red. Almost nothing is known about Thorstein's life. According to the Vinland Sagas, Erik the Red settled in Greenland around 986 with his wife and three grown sons, Leif, Thorvald and Thorstein. After Leif had sailed west from Greenland and discovered Vinland, Thorvald organized and led a second expedition to this new country. The natives, called Skraelings by the Norse, attacked Thorvald and his men. Thorvald received a fatal wound and was buried in Vinland. His crew returned to Greenland. Thorstein subsequently set sail for Vinland"
"about the Icelanders. That is the last Vinland expedition recorded in the saga. In the other version of the story, ""Eiríks saga rauða"" or the Saga of Erik the Red, Leif Ericsson accidentally discovers the new land when traveling from Norway back to Greenland after a visit to his overlord, King Olaf Tryggvason, who commissions him to spread Christianity in the colony. Returning to Greenland with samples of grapes, wheat and timber, he rescues the survivors from a wrecked ship and gains a reputation for good luck; his religious mission is a swift success. The next spring, Thorstein, Leif's brother,"
"region which included several settlements. The ""Saga of Erik the Red"" mentions two other settlements in ""Vinland"": a settlement called ""Straumfjǫrðr"", which lay beyond ""Kjalarnes"" promontory and the Wonderstrands, and one called ""Hóp"", which was located even farther south. Leif was described as a wise, considerate, and strong man of striking appearance. During his stay in the Hebrides, he fell in love with a noblewoman, Thorgunna, who gave birth to their son Thorgils. Thorgils was later sent to Leif in Greenland, but he did not become popular. After Leif's first trip to ""Vinland"", he returned to the family estate of"
"back on course to Greenland where he converted many people to Christianity including his mother. Erik the Red did not convert, and his wife withheld intercourse with him because of this. Leif wanted to go back to this newly discovered land with his father, but Erik thought it was unlucky because he fell off his horse on the way to the ship. The saga mentions the following sites beyond Greenland: Helluland, Markland, Bjarney, Kjalarnes, Furdustrandir, Straumfjörð, Straumey, Vinland, Hóp, Einfœtingjaland, Hvítramannaland and the ""Irish Ocean"". There are numerous parallels to the Greenland saga, including recurring characters and recounts of the"
"a man called Thorvald, who was the father of Eirik the Red. He and Eirik left their home in Jaederen, in Norway, because of some killings and went to Iceland, which had been extensively settled by then;” Thorvald Asvaldsson Thorvald Ásvaldsson () was the father of the colonizer of Greenland, Erik the Red, and grandfather of Leif Erikson, who visited North America centuries before Christopher Columbus. Thorvald's father was Ásvald Ulfsson, whose father was Ulf Oxen-Thorisson, whose father was Oxen-Thorir, brother of Naddodd, discoverer of Iceland. Thorvald Ásvaldsson was born in Norway. He was exiled from Norway in c. 960,"
"was unintentional, as it was said that his ship was blown off-course on the way to Greenland. Erikson established settlements in what is now modern day Newfoundland, Canada as well as what is now Maine in the United States. In the year 999 c. Erikson's father, Erik the Red, was one of the first Europeans to establish colonies in Greenland. Iceland was considered the first European country to create colonies in North America and Greenland. Greenland did not colonize, however, it was colonized by many different Scandinavian countries. Leif Erikson of Iceland was one of the most famous of the"
"in light of the then ongoing Battle of the Atlantic. Bibliography Erik the Red's Land Erik the Red's Land () was the name given by Norwegians to an area on the coast of eastern Greenland occupied by Norway in the early 1930s. It was named after Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse or Vikings settlements in Greenland in the 10th century. The Permanent Court of International Justice ruled against Norway in 1933, and the country subsequently abandoned its claims. The first European settlement in Greenland was established by Norse colonists from Iceland around the year 1000. There"
"where he then sailed south searching for habitable areas. After two years of exploring, he returned to Iceland and told of his discoveries and giving Greenland it name as a way to attract settlers. Over-wintering in Iceland, Erik set sail again intending to colonize Greenland. His expedition has 30 ships but only 14 reach their destination. Erik founded a colony at Brattahlid (ON: ""Brattahlíð"") in the south-west of the island where be became a respected leader. Erik and Thjodhild had three sons Leif (ON: ""Leifr""), Thorvald (ON: ""Þorvaldr"") and Thorstein (ON: ""Þorsteinn"") and a daughter Freydis (ON: ""Freydís""). A man"
"of Gunnbjörn's discovery has led to his neglect in the history of Greenland. After Gunnbjörn, Snæbjörn Galti had also visited Greenland. According to records from the time, Galti headed the first Norse attempt to colonize Greenland, which ended in disaster. Erik the Red was the first ""permanent"" European settler. In this context, about 982, Erik sailed to a somewhat mysterious and little-known land. He rounded the southern tip of the island (later known as Cape Farewell) and sailed up the western coast. He eventually reached a part of the coast that, for the most part, seemed ice-free and consequently had"
"saga of Erik the Red, when Erik was exiled from Iceland, he sailed west and pioneered Greenland. The Viking-Age settlements in Greenland were established in the sheltered fjords of the southern and western coast. They settled in three separate areas along roughly of the western coast. While harsh, the microclimates along some fjords allowed for a pastoral lifestyle similar to that of Iceland, until the climate changed for the worse with the Little Ice Age around 1400. Kvenland, known as Cwenland, Kænland, and similar terms in medieval sources, is an ancient name for an area in Scandinavia and Fennoscandia. A"
"Erik the Red's Land Erik the Red's Land () was the name given by Norwegians to an area on the coast of eastern Greenland occupied by Norway in the early 1930s. It was named after Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse or Vikings settlements in Greenland in the 10th century. The Permanent Court of International Justice ruled against Norway in 1933, and the country subsequently abandoned its claims. The first European settlement in Greenland was established by Norse colonists from Iceland around the year 1000. There were two main Norse settlements on Greenland, but both were on"
"the Red (""Eiríkr Rauði"") would become the first ""permanent"" European settler. In 982 Erik the Red arrived from Iceland. According to the Saga of Erik the Red (""Eiríks saga rauða""), he spent his three years exploring the west coast of Greenland. Apparently he planned his journey much better and probably was luckier with the weather as well as maintaining better control of his crew. Snæbjörn Galti Snøbjørn Galte Holmsteinsson (Old Norse: Snæbjörn Galti, c. 910– c. 978) was the first Norseman to intentionally navigate to Greenland, doing so in 978 CE. His voyage followed the accidental discovery of lands west"
"when sailing from Norway to the Faroe Islands. This quickly led to a wave of colonization. Not all the settlers were successful however in the attempts to reach the island. In the 10th century, Gunnbjörn Ulfsson got lost in a storm and ended up within sight of the Greenland coast. His report spurred Erik the Red, an outlawed chieftain, to establish a settlement there in 985. While they flourished initially, these settlements eventually foundered due to changing climatic conditions (see Little Ice Age). They are believed to have survived until around 1450. Greenland's early settlers sailed westward, in search of"
"converted to Christianity and was given the mission of introducing the religion to Greenland. The ""Saga of Erik the Red"" and the ""Saga of the Greenlanders"", both thought to have been written around 1200, contain different accounts of the voyages to ""Vinland"". The only two known strictly historical mentions of ""Vinland"" are found in the work of Adam of Bremen c. 1075 and in the ""Book of Icelanders"" compiled c. 1122 by Ari the Wise. According to the ""Saga of Erik the Red"", Leif apparently saw ""Vinland"" for the first time after being blown off course on his way to"
"to Greenland about 1000 AD. Leif Ericson, son of Eric the Red, visited Nidaros (modern Trondheim, Norway) and converted to Christianity while at the court of the Norwegian king. He then returned to his father's farm in Brattahlid, southern Greenland, and brought two priests sent by King Olaf Tryggvason. Some scholars have hypothesized that, like the catholic diocese in Iceland, Greenland may have had an unofficial bishop first, specifically ""Eric the Bishop"" who was sent to Greenland in the year 1112, though others claim he was a missionary bishop, and there is no record of his return. A Bishop named"
"reliable. Erik the Red (Old Norse: Eiríkr rauði), having been banished from Iceland for manslaughter, explored the uninhabited southwestern coast of Greenland during the three years of his banishment. He made plans to entice settlers to the area, naming it Greenland on the assumption that ""people would be more eager to go there because the land had a good name"". The inner reaches of one long fjord, named ""Eiriksfjord"" after him, was where he eventually established his estate ""Brattahlid"". He issued tracts of land to his followers. At its peak the colony consisted of two settlements. The Eastern was at"
"men who were shipwrecked in this country and went back to Greenland (and Christianised the people there). Consequently, if this is to be trusted, Bjarni Herjólfsson was the first European to see America beyond Greenland, and the two unnamed shipwrecked men were the first people known to Europeans to have made landfall there. Leif then approached Bjarni, purchased his ship, gathered a crew of thirty-five men, and mounted an expedition towards the land Bjarni had described. His father Erik was set to join him but dropped out after he fell from his horse on his way to set sail, an"
"newly discovered land of Vinland on the same site as his predecessors Thorvald and Leif Eriksson. According to the Saga of Erik the Red, he set sail with three ships and 140 men. Upon reaching Vinland, their intended destination, they found the now famous grapes and self-sown wheat which the land was named for. They spent a very hard winter at this site, where they barely survived by fishing, hunting game inland, and gathering eggs on the island. The following summer they sailed to the island of Hop where they had the first peaceful interactions with the native people, whom"
"Eiríksstaðir Eiríksstaðir is the former homestead of Eiríkr Þorvaldsson, known as Erik the Red, in Haukadalur in the Dalasýsla region of Iceland. It was the birthplace of his son Leif Eiríksson, the first known European discoverer of the Americas. A site thought to be that of the original farm has been investigated by archaeologists and remains of two buildings dating to the 9th–10th centuries have been identified. An open-air museum has been established nearby. According to ""Landnámabók"" and the ""Saga of Erik the Red"", after first settling in Vestfyrðir, Eiríkr married Þjóðhildur Jǫrundardóttir and established the farm of Eiríksstaðir near"
"Norway because of some killings. He left with his son Erik to northwest Iceland, where he died before 980. According to the ""Grænlendinga Saga,"" “There was a man called Thorvald, who was the father of Eirik the Red. He and Eirik left their home in Jaederen, in Norway, because of some killings and went to Iceland, which had been extensively settled by then;” when Erik was about 10 years old. He sailed west from Norway with his family and settled in Hornstrandir in northwestern Iceland. The Icelanders later sentenced Erik to exile for three years for killing Eyiolf the Foul"
"from Shetland. Naddod has distant relations to Erik the Red and his son, Leif Erikson. Naddodd Naddod ( or ""Naddaðr"", , , literally ""studded"") was a Norse-Faroese Viking who is credited with the discovery of Iceland. Naddod was also one of the first settlers on the Faroe Islands after Grímur Kamban became the first to settle there around 825. Naddod was born in Agder, which comprises the two Norwegian counties of Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder. Landnámabók, a medieval Icelandic manuscript, describes in considerable detail the settlement (Icelandic: ""landnám"") of Iceland by the Norse in the 9th and 10th century. According to"
"protected archaeological site. Eiríksstaðir Eiríksstaðir is the former homestead of Eiríkr Þorvaldsson, known as Erik the Red, in Haukadalur in the Dalasýsla region of Iceland. It was the birthplace of his son Leif Eiríksson, the first known European discoverer of the Americas. A site thought to be that of the original farm has been investigated by archaeologists and remains of two buildings dating to the 9th–10th centuries have been identified. An open-air museum has been established nearby. According to ""Landnámabók"" and the ""Saga of Erik the Red"", after first settling in Vestfyrðir, Eiríkr married Þjóðhildur Jǫrundardóttir and established the farm"
"and return to Greenland. Leifsbudir is believed by some scholars (both historians and archaeologists) to have been located at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. Leifsbudir Leifsbudir (Old Norse: Leifsbuðir) was a settlement, mentioned in the Greenland Saga, founded by Leif Eriksson in 1000 or 1001 in Vinland. Later, 160 Greenlanders, including 16 women, established themselves there under the leadership of Norseman Thorfinn Karlsefni, the first European to come into contact with the local ""Skrælings"", or American Indians. Karlsefni's son, Snorri Thorfinnsson, is believed to have been the first child of European descent to be born in North America outside of"
"conditions—similar to those of Iceland—that promised growth and future prosperity. According to the ""Saga of Erik the Red"", he spent his three years of exile exploring this land. The first winter he spent on the island of Eiriksey, the second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar (close to Hvarfsgnipa). In the final summer he explored as far north as Snaefell and into Hrafnsfjord. When Erik returned to Iceland after his exile had expired, he is said to have brought with him stories of ""Greenland"". Erik deliberately gave the land a more appealing name than ""Iceland"" in order to lure potential settlers."
"km from Iceland to Greenland, and that there was a world here, was known long before Erik the Red went there. Eirik Raude stayed at Jæren, but he and his father went from Norway due murder, and settled in Iceland. Eirik came up in murder cases there too, and was convicted outlaw. Then he proceeded to Greenland and found West Greenland and made himself familiar with the country. He came back to the Island, fighting with his old opponent, and lost. They were reconciled that Eirik had to leave Iceland. That same year, 986, came Eirik with a fleet of"