"to co-ordinate the work of the organizations of the United Nations System. The United Nations System includes the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies (such as the separately-administered funds and programmes, research and training institutes, and other subsidiary entities), specialized agencies, and affiliated organizations. Some of the organizations of the United Nations System predate the founding of the United Nations in 1945 and were inherited after the dissolution of the League of Nations. The principal organ of the UN System is the United Nations itself. It consists of the six principal organs established by the Charter of the United Nations:"
"failure of the League of Nations to prevent World War II essentially discredited the organization, and it was dissolved. A new attempt at world peace was begun with the founding of the United Nations on October 24, 1945, in San Francisco. Today, nearly all countries are members, but despite its many successes, the organization's success at achieving its goal of world peace is disputed. The organization was never given enough power to overcome the conflicting interests and priorities of its member nations. Almost all of the major nations that were involved in World War II began shedding their overseas colonies"
"they had not been given any new colonies after the war, and many Americans felt the war had been a mistake. Germans were outraged at the state of their country following the war. Also, unlike many in the United States for example, had hoped, democracy did not flourish in the world in the post-war period. The League of Nations, an international organization proposed by American president Woodrow Wilson to prevent another great war from breaking out, proved ineffective, especially because the isolationist U.S. wound end up not joining. After World War I, most Americans regretted getting involved in world affairs"
"and the Soviet Union joined late and only briefly. Germany withdrew from the League, as did Japan, Italy, Spain and others. The onset of the Second World War showed that the League had failed its primary purpose, which was to prevent any future world war. The League lasted for 26 years; the United Nations (UN) replaced it after the end of the Second World War and inherited several agencies and organisations founded by the League. The concept of a peaceful community of nations had been proposed as far back as 1795, when Immanuel Kant's """" outlined the idea of a"
"the 1930s, escalating German aggression and, ultimately, the Second World War. After the Second World War the victors, drawing upon experience from the League's failure, created the United Nations in 1945. Since then, the ""breadth and diversity"" of multilateral arrangements have escalated. Unlike the League, the UN had the active participation of the United States and the Soviet Union, the world's then greatest contemporary powers. Along with the political institutions of the UN, the post-war years also saw the development of organizations such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (now the World Trade Organization), the World Bank"
"general consequence of the war and in an effort to maintain international peace, the Allies formed the United Nations (UN), which officially came into existence on 24 October 1945. The UN replaced the defunct League of Nations (LN) as an intergovernmental organization. The LN was formally dissolved on 20 April 1946 but had in practice ceased to function in 1939, being unable to stop the outbreak of World War II. The UN inherited some of the bodies of the LN, such as the International Labour Organization. League of Nations mandates, mostly territories that had changed hands in World War I,"
"after the end of the Second World War in 1945, the United Nations was founded. During the United Nation's first General Assembly in London in January 1946, they discussed the future of Nuclear Weapons and created the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. The goal of this assembly was to eliminate the use of all Nuclear weapons. The United States presented their solution, which was called the Baruch Plan. This plan proposed that there should be an international authority that controls all dangerous atomic activities. The Soviet Union disagreed with this proposal and rejected it. The Soviets' proposal involved universal nuclear"
"General Assembly of the United Nations. The successor states of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have expressed little interest in membership, though Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have observer status. In 2004, Malta and Cyprus ceased to be members and joined the European Union. Belarus is the only member of the Movement in Europe. Azerbaijan and Fiji are the most recent entrants, joining in 2011. The applications of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Costa Rica were rejected in 1995 and 1998, respectively. Since the end of the Cold War, the Non-Aligned Movement has been forced to redefine itself and reinvent"
"problems. These included the Disarmament Commission, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Mandates Commission, the International Commission on Intellectual Cooperation (precursor to UNESCO), the Permanent Central Opium Board, the Commission for Refugees, and the Slavery Commission. Three of these institutions were transferred to the United Nations after the Second World War: the International Labour Organization, the Permanent Court of International Justice (as the International Court of Justice), and the Health Organisation (restructured as the World Health Organization). The Permanent Court of International Justice was provided for by the Covenant, but not established by it. The Council and the Assembly established"
"atrocities in their regimes were put on trial and many were executed. The international organization the United Nations was created. Its goal was to prevent wars from breaking out as well as provide the people of the world with security, justice and rights. The period of post-war cooperation ended, however, when the Soviet Union rigged elections in the occupied nations of Central and Eastern Europe to allow for Communist victories. Soon, all of Eastern and much of Central Europe had become a series of Communist dictatorships, all staunchly allied with the Soviet Union. Germany following the war had been occupied"
"to join in a war declared by the League without the approval of Congress or the president. It was defeated in the Senate. The United States never joined the League, leaving Britain and France to dominate the organization. In any case, it had very little effect on major issues and was replaced in 1945 with a United Nations in which both Britain and the United States had veto power. Major conferences, especially the Washington Conference of 1922 occurred outside League auspices. The US refused to send official delegates to League committees, instead sending unofficial ""observers."" The second summit took place"
"the organization PAX (descendants of NASA scientists) who promote peace in the world. This television pilot, if picked up, would have followed Dylan and a PAX team as they reach out to the remains of humanity in a post-apocalyptic world by means of a long forgotten underground sub-shuttle rapid transit system that spanned the world right before the Great Conflict. A second pilot, ""Strange New World"", also failed to be picked up as a television series. The ABC made-for-TV movie ""The Day After"" (1983) deals with a nuclear war between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, focusing on a group of"
"United Nations (gang) The United Nations ""(UN)"" (also known as Global United Nations Syndicate (""GUNS""), Canada United or Canadian United (CU)) is a criminal gang who started in the Vancouver, British Columbia area and more recently grew to the rest of the Canadian territory in the 2000s. The name alludes to the various ethnic origins of the members. All ethnic groups were encouraged to join thus the gang name, the United Nations (UN) or Global United Nations Syndicate (GUNS). The Gang consists primarily of East Asians, Indians and Whites, usually only Canadians. The U.N. gang had pioneered an alternative sense"
"World Union of National Socialists The World Union of National Socialists (WUNS) is an organisation founded in 1962 as an umbrella group for neo-Nazi organisations across the globe. The movement came about when the leader of the American Nazi Party, George Lincoln Rockwell, visited England and met with National Socialist Movement chief Colin Jordan and the two agreed to work towards developing an international link-up between movements. This resulted in the 1962 Cotswold Declaration which was signed by neo-Nazis from the United States, United Kingdom, France (Savitri Devi), West Germany (Bruno Ludtke), Austria and Belgium. More member nations would join"
"participate, and the UN rejected the conference and its proposals. As a result of the Turnhalle Conference the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance party was formed in 1977, which won the 1978 elections and formed an interim government. After Imperial Germany lost its colonies as a result of World War I, South Africa took over the administration of the territory of South West Africa as their ""de facto"" fifth province, since 1920. This mandate over South West Africa was granted by the League of Nations, the predecessor of the UN. A request to annexe the territory right away was, however, not granted."
"UN, essentially a forum for discussion and coordination between sovereign governments, was insufficiently empowered for the task. A number of prominent persons, such as Albert Einstein, Winston Churchill, Bertrand Russell and Mohandas K. Gandhi, called on governments to proceed further by taking gradual steps towards forming an effectual federal world government. The United Nations main goal is to work on international law, international security, economic development, human rights, social progress, and eventually world peace. The United Nations replaced the League of Nations in 1945, after World War II. Almost every internationally recognized country is in the U.N.; as it contains"
"league to enforce peace, the League of Nations, was proposed by Woodrow Wilson. This was rejected by the American Government in favor of more economic-ideological approaches and the United States did not join the League. Additionally, there were even proposals of extending the Monroe Doctrine to Great Britain put forth to prevent a second conflagration on the European theater. Ultimately, the United States' proposals and actions did not stop the factors of European nationalism spawned by the previous war, the repercussions of Germany's defeat, and the failures of the Treaty of Versailles from plunging the globe into a Second World"
"of the UN organization and its activities since at least the 1950s. In the United States, an early opponent of the UN was the John Birch Society, which began a ""get US out of the UN"" campaign in 1959, charging that the UN's aim was to establish a ""One World Government."" Charles de Gaulle of France criticized the UN, famously calling it ""le machin"" (""the thingamabob""), and was not convinced that a global security alliance would help in maintaining world peace, preferring to the UN direct defense treaties between countries. The United Nations Population Fund has been accused by different"
"unhappy with Hammarskjöld's handling of the Congo Crisis, which broke out in 1960. The Soviets pushed him to resign, suggesting that the Secretary-General be replaced by a troika, or three-man executive. The Western nations opposed this move, and the Soviets dropped the idea. Hammarskjöld was killed in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) in 1961. Hammarskjöld's death created a succession crisis at the United Nations, as the UN Charter had no provision for succession to the office of Secretary-General. The Soviet Union pushed for a troika, while the United States and the United Kingdom came up with a"
"nations became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, with significantly less power than envisioned in the Four Policemen proposal. When the United Nations was officially established in later 1945, France was in due course added as the fifth member of the council at that time due to the insistence of Churchill. During World War II, President Roosevelt initiated post-war plans for the creation of a new and more durable international organization that would replace the former League of Nations. Prior to the war, Roosevelt had initially been a supporter of the League of Nations, but he lost"
"History of the United Nations The history of the United Nations as an international organization has its origins in World War II. Since then its aims and activities have expanded to make it the archetypal international body in the early 21st century. The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization to replace the ineffective League of Nations began under the aegis of the US State Department in 1939. On 12 June 1941, representatives of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and of the exiled governments of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,"
"the Jewish People's Fraternal Order reconstituted itself as the Jewish Cultural Clubs and Societies without the mutual benefit component of JPFO. A Canadian equivalent of the JPFO, the United Jewish Peoples' Order, still exists as does the Association of United Ukrainian Canadians. International Workers Order The International Workers Order (IWO) was an insurance, mutual benefit and fraternal organization founded in 1930 and disbanded in 1954 as the result of legal action undertaken by the state of New York in 1951 on the grounds that the organization was too closely linked to the Communist Party. At its height in the years"
"nations prefer an economically laissez-faire UN that focuses on transnational threats such as terrorism. After World War II, the French Committee of National Liberation was late to be recognized by the US as the government of France, and so the country was initially excluded from the conferences that created the new organization. The future French president Charles de Gaulle criticized the UN, famously calling it a ""machin"" (""contraption""), and was not convinced that a global security alliance would help maintain world peace, preferring direct defence treaties between countries. Throughout the Cold War, both the US and USSR repeatedly accused the"
"human rights, and achieving world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states of the UN. The forces, also called the ""Blue Helmets"", who enforce UN accords are"
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)"". The other two original members, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (i.e., the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), had been dissolved and their memberships in the UN not continued from 1992 by any one successor state ""(see the sections Former members: Czechoslovakia and Former members: Yugoslavia)"". At the time of UN's founding, the seat of China in the UN was held by the Republic of China, but as a result of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 in 1971, it is now held by the People's Republic of China ""(see the section Former members: Republic of China (Taiwan))""."
"peace and human development, while others have called the organization ineffective, corrupt, or biased. In the century prior to the UN's creation, several international treaty organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross was formed to ensure protection and assistance for victims of armed conflict and strife. In 1914, a political assassination in Sarajevo set off a chain of events that led to the outbreak of World War I As more and more young men were sent down into the trenches, influential voices in the United States and Britain began calling for the establishment of a permanent international"
"negotiating directly with Hitler but this failed in 1939 when Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. When war broke out in 1939, the League closed down and its headquarters in Geneva remained empty throughout the war. The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization began under the aegis of the U.S. State Department in 1939. The text of the ""Declaration by United Nations"" was drafted at the White House on December 29, 1941, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Roosevelt aide Harry Hopkins. It incorporated Soviet suggestions, but left no role for France. ""Four Policemen"" was coined to"
"Woodrow Wilson would initiate a body. In the midst of the War, Wilson refused. In 1915, a similar body to the Bryce group proposals was set up in the United States by a group of like-minded individuals, including William Howard Taft. It was called the League to Enforce Peace and was substantially based on the proposals of the Bryce Group. It advocated the use of arbitration in conflict resolution and the imposition of sanctions on aggressive countries. None of these early organisations envisioned a continuously functioning body; with the exception of the Fabian Society in England, they maintained a legalistic"
"the attempts were unsuccessful: Dunant was too ill (and no longer wealthy enough) to travel to conferences in person. Without his personal leadership, the Alliance collapsed in 1876. Partial protection of prisoners of war did not come about until the Hague conference of 1907. Dunant lived to see that. But he did not live to see the Geneva Convention of 1929 that finally introduced the ideas Dunant had fought for. Henry Dunant Museum Asylstr. 2 9410 Heiden Allgemeine Allianz für Ordnung und Zivilisation The Weltweiten Allgemeinen Allianz für Ordnung und Zivilisation (Worldwide Common Alliance for Order and Civilization) was an"
"examples where succession of states, as described above, has not been entirely adhered to. This is mostly a list of the exceptions that have occurred since the creation of the United Nations in 1945. In previous historical periods, the exceptions would be too many to list. The Taliban state in Afghanistan (the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan) became the ""de facto"" government of nearly all the country in the mid-1990s, but the Afghan Northern Alliance was still recognised by many nations and retained the UN seat. The People's Republic of China (PRC) was established in 1949 in Mainland China, claiming ""succession"""
"UNESCO and UNICEF. The Association was founded in Paris in 1946. The IADL soon became communist-controlled and the United States became especially aggravated at IADL claims that they had documented proof of the US dropping poisoned mosquitos on North Koreans and mass-torturing civilians during the Korean War. René Cassin resigned his presidency of the organization as a result in 1951, and the US successfully lobbied France to expel the headquarters of what it considered a communist front from Paris. As a response, the Central Intelligence Agency started funding the International Commission of Jurists. Still in 1990 for example, the Soviet"
"in New York, San Francisco, Vienna and back in New York"". INFUSA once numbered more than 100 organizations. The Campaign for a Democratic United Nations, or CAMDUN, was established in 1989 as a project of INFUSA. It is also largely defunct as of 2012. International Network for a United Nations Second Assembly The International Network for a United Nations Second Assembly, or INFUSA, is a largely defunct organization devoted to the establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. According to Citizens for a United Nations People's Assembly, ""In 1982, during the second UN Special Session on Disarmament, Jeffrey Segall presented"
"like the International Maritime Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency. United Nations Centre for Urgent Environmental Assistance The now defunct United Nations Centre for Urgent Environmental Assistance (UNEP/UNCUEA) worked to coordinate international response to man-made disasters. It was administrated by the United Nations Environmental Programme. UNCUELA operations were initially run by a small staff located in a Swiss government office in Geneva, Switzerland. Later, it was relocated to offices inside the International Environment House, found in Châtelaine. The short-lived Centre was created to respond to an initiative proposed by Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s. However, it never received"