"Thomas More Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. He wrote ""Utopia"", published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary, ideal island nation. More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. More also opposed the king's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme"
"Wolsey's council by 1519, and his secretary by 1529. In the mid-1520s, Cromwell assisted in the dissolution of nearly thirty monasteries to raise funds for Wolsey to found The King's School, Ipswich (1528), and Cardinal College, in Oxford (1529). In 1526, Wolsey appointed Cromwell a member of his council; by 1529, Cromwell was one of Wolsey's most senior and trusted advisers. By the end of October of that year, however, Wolsey had fallen from power. Cromwell had made enemies by aiding Wolsey to suppress the monasteries, but was determined not to fall with his master, as he told George Cavendish,"
"Reformation Parliament. There were common lawyers who resented the privileges of the clergy to summon laity to their courts; there were those who had been influenced by Lutheranism and were hostile to the theology of Rome; Thomas Cromwell was both. Henry's chancellor, Thomas More, successor to Wolsey, also wanted reform: he wanted new laws against heresy. Cromwell was a lawyer and a member of Parliament—a Protestant who saw how Parliament could be used to advance the Royal Supremacy, which Henry wanted, and to further Protestant beliefs and practices Cromwell and his friends wanted. One of his closest friends was Thomas"
"Wolsey to the post of Almoner, a position that gave him a seat on the Privy Council and gave him an opportunity for greater prominence and for establishing a personal rapport with the King. A factor in Wolsey's rise was the young Henry VIII's relative lack of interest in the details of government during his early years. The primary counsellors whom King Henry VIII inherited from his father were Richard Foxe ( 1448–1528, Bishop of Winchester 1501–1528) and William Warham ( 1450–1532, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532). These were cautious and conservative, advising the King to act as a careful administrator"
"other English clerics. The highest political position Wolsey attained was Lord Chancellor, the King's chief adviser (formally, as his successor and disciple Thomas Cromwell was not). In that position, he enjoyed great freedom and was often depicted as an ""alter rex"" (other king). After failing to negotiate an annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Wolsey fell out of favour and was stripped of his government titles. He retreated to York to fulfill his ecclesiastical duties as Archbishop of York, a position he nominally held, but had neglected during his years in government. He was recalled to London to"
"fill up her leisure intervals. While Gregory was at Cambridge, his tutors Included: Gregory was later placed under the care and supervision of his father's friends and allies, Gregory Cromwell received dedications to three humanist works: Voluzenus's version of Cicero's Dream of Scipio; David Clapham's translation of Agrippa's ""Commendation of Matrimony"" and Sir Richard Morrison's translation of Vives' ""Introduction to Wisdom"". In 1540, Sir Richard Morrison (c. 1513 – 1556), an English humanist scholar and diplomat who was a protégé of Thomas Cromwell, propagandist for Henry VIII, and then ambassador to the German court of Charles V for Edward VI,"
"commendam at the time was Thomas Wolsey, formerly the king's senior counsellor, but his career had entered its final crisis. It is possible Warham influenced the returns. Five of the six seats controlled by Winchester were taken by senior legal figures, including Whorwood's colleague at Downton, Nicholas Hare and Thomas Cromwell at Taunton. Whorwood served throughout the English Reformation Parliament, a period of more than six years. In 1533 his name appeared on a list drawn up by Cromwell and thought to be the names of the principal members opposed to the Statute in Restraint of Appeals However, he seems"
"in spirituals. Effectively the King's vicar general, Cromwell's authority was greater than that of bishops. Even the Archbishop of Canterbury answered to Cromwell. Largely due to Anne Boleyn's influence, a number of Protestants were appointed bishops between 1534 and 1536. These included Latimer, Thomas Goodrich, John Salcot, Nicholas Shaxton, William Barlow, John Hilsey and Edward Foxe. Protestant bishops remained a minority, however. Cromwell's programme, assisted by Anne Boleyn's influence over episcopal appointments, was not merely against the clergy and the power of Rome. He persuaded Henry that safety from political alliances that Rome might attempt to bring together lay in"
"from Thomas Wolsey the surrender of York House, later Whitehall Palace. Soon afterwards he entertained Henry VIII at Michelgrove. He was summoned to parliament on 9 August 1529, and again on 27 April 1536. He was hostile to the Protestant Reformation, and is said to have suffered from Thomas Cromwell's antipathy; but his name appears in important state trials of the period: in that of the Carthusian monks and John Fisher (1535), of Weston, Norris, Lord Rochford, and Anne Boleyn (May 1536), and Sir Geoffrey Pole, Sir Edward Neville, and Sir Nicholas Carew (1538–9). In 1547 he was consulted by"
"government. Returning to England from the continent in 1514 or 1515, Cromwell soon entered Wolsey's service. He turned to law, also picking up a good knowledge of the Bible, and was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1524. He became Wolsey's ""man of all work"". Cromwell, driven in part by his religious beliefs, attempted to reform the body politic of the English government through discussion and consent, and through the vehicle of continuity and not outward change. He was seen by many people as the man they wanted to bring about their shared aims, including Thomas Audley. By 1531, Cromwell and"
"it was likely Wolsey to whom her marriage portion was paid. In his youth he became 'a committed Protestant with scholarly theological interests', hearing several sermons daily and corresponding with reformers, including Thomas Garret. At one point he considered taking orders. Under Thomas Cromwell, Wolsey’s successor, he was engaged in advancing in Yorkshire Henry VIII's ecclesiastical reforms. Unlike Cromwell, however, he wished the monasteries to be reformed, not dissolved, and in some cases personally undertook their reformation. He assisted in the compilation of the Valor Ecclesiasticus. In 1533–6, in a ""Treatise Concernyng Impropriations of Benefices"", he argued that tithes should"
"independence. In this view he opposed ""a presbytery with a civil state"", but otherwise liked Presbyterianism for its staunch scriptural views. He, along with Thomas Goodwin, advocated allowing Jews to return to England and forcefully plead for their readmission. In this plea they were acting with Cromwell's direct encouragement. However wild anti-Semitic rumours and general public antipathy made readmission politically impossible. He was strong an opponent of astrology and superstition in general. Philip Nye Philip Nye (c. 1595–1672) was a leading English Independent theologian and a member of the Westminster Assembly of Divines He was the key adviser to Oliver"
"the first in a trilogy; the sequel ""Bring Up the Bodies"" was published in 2012. The last book in the trilogy will be called ""The Mirror and the Light"" and is expected to cover the last four years of Cromwell's life. Born to a working-class family of no position or name, Cromwell rose to become the right-hand man of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, adviser to the King. He survived Wolsey's fall from grace to eventually take his place as the most powerful of Henry's ministers. In that role, he observed turning points of English history, as Henry asserted his authority to"
"Greek. He was tutor to Thomas Wynter, Wolsey's son. A friend of Thomas More, Erasmus, Thomas Linacre, Budaeus, Reginald Pole, and John Leland, he did editorial work and saw books through the press for them. He was the supervisor of Linacre's editions of Galen's treatises, and of the second edition of More's ""Utopia."" His own works, mainly letters, translation and moral treatises, were collected for publication in 1545. ""A dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset"" is an imagined work of political theory by Thomas Starkey. It is set at Bisham Abbey, and may be based on an actual visit"
"attracted the notice of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, who made him his secretary, and in this capacity he is said to have been with him at The More in Hertfordshire, when the conclusion of the celebrated Treaty of the More brought King Henry VIII and the French ambassadors there. This was probably the occasion on which he first came to the king's notice, but he does not appear to have been actively engaged in Henry's service till three years later. He undoubtedly acquired a knowledge of foreign politics in the service of Wolsey. In 1527 he and Sir Thomas More were"
"he. Wolsey visited Rome, where he hoped to get the Pope's consent for an annulment. However, the church was reluctant to rescind the earlier papal dispensation and felt heavy pressure from Catherine's nephew, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in support of his aunt. Catherine contested the proceedings, and a protracted legal battle followed. Wolsey fell from favour as a result of his failure to procure the annulment, and Henry appointed Thomas Cromwell in his place. Despite his failure to produce the results that Henry wanted, Wolsey actively pursued the annulment — divorce was synonymous with annulment at that time. However,"
"James Howell wrote commendatory Epistles. In a chapter entitled ""Experiments pf Cophee"" he noted that coffee had the power to cure drunkards. Rumsey married Barbara Pritchard, daughter of Martha Pritchard Llanover. On the Restoration, Rumsey was proposed for the intended order of Knights of the Royal Oak. He died in 1660 at the age of 76. Walter Rumsey Walter Rumsey (1584–1660) was a Welsh judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640. He suffered for his support of the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He was also a man of arts and sciences, and"
"public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica."" George Cavendish (writer) George Cavendish (1497 – c. 1562) was an English writer, best known as the biographer of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. His ""Thomas Wolsey, Late Cardinall, his Lyffe and Deathe"" is described by the ""Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"" as the ""most important single contemporary source for Wolsey's life"" which also offers a ""detailed picture of early sixteenth-century court life and of political events in the 1520s, particularly the divorce proceedings against Catherine of Aragon. Cavendish was born in 1497, the elder son of Thomas Cavendish (d. 1524), who was a senior financial official,"
"on 14 March 1713. While he was in Italy, Fauconberg translated and published the ""Histoire du gouvernement de Venise"", by Abraham Nicolas Amelot de la Houssaye. Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg PC (c. 1627 – 31 December 1700) was an English peer. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War, becoming close to Oliver Cromwell and marrying Cromwell's third daughter, Mary. After the Restoration of the monarchy he became a member of the Privy Council to Charles II and was elevated to an earldom by William III. Belasyse was the only son of"
"John More (minister) John More (died 1592) was an English clergyman, known as the 'Apostle of Norwich.' Tending to nonconformity, he was treated leniently by the church authorities. Born in Yorkshire, he was elected a scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1562, and was shortly afterwards chosen fellow of his college. During his Cambridge career he appears to have been influenced by Thomas Cartwright, and he was one of those who signed a testimonial to Cartwright addressed to William Cecil in 1570. On leaving the university he was appointed minister of St. Andrew's Church, Norwich, where he remained"
"the treaty of the Moore. In the spring of 1528 there were seditious rumours in some parts of Kent about demanding repayment of the loan which the people had been forced to contribute to the king; and some even proposed to break into gentlemen's houses, among others that of Guildford's half-brother, Sir Edward, and steal their weapons. This gave Sir Henry much to do, and he ultimately sat on a commission at Rochester for the trial of the malcontents. When Thomas Cromwell came as Wolsey's agent to suppress the small priories in Kent for his college at Oxford, Guildford asked"
"he was influenced by a sermon he heard in St. Andrew's Church, Norwich. More's works were all published after his death. John More (minister) John More (died 1592) was an English clergyman, known as the 'Apostle of Norwich.' Tending to nonconformity, he was treated leniently by the church authorities. Born in Yorkshire, he was elected a scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1562, and was shortly afterwards chosen fellow of his college. During his Cambridge career he appears to have been influenced by Thomas Cartwright, and he was one of those who signed a testimonial to Cartwright addressed"
"Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg Thomas Belasyse, 1st Earl Fauconberg PC (c. 1627 – 31 December 1700) was an English peer. He supported the Parliamentary cause in the English Civil War, becoming close to Oliver Cromwell and marrying Cromwell's third daughter, Mary. After the Restoration of the monarchy he became a member of the Privy Council to Charles II and was elevated to an earldom by William III. Belasyse was the only son of Hon. Henry Belasyse, who was the eldest son of Thomas Belasyse, 1st Viscount Fauconberg. Unlike his Royalist father and grandfather, Belasyse supported Parliament in the English"
"in the service of Henry VIII's chief minister, Thomas Cromwell, an advocate of religious reform, as a messenger in 1538-9. In late 1539 Lassells, a client-friend of the Earl of Surrey, was appointed as a Sewer in the King's Privy Chamber. After Cromwell's execution on 28 July 1540, Lassells is recorded as having advised his fellow reformers in September of that year that although Bishop Stephen Gardiner and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, the principal members of the conservative faction at court, were obstacles to further religious reform, they would eventually overthrow themselves if left alone. Despite this advice"
"(DCL) in 1525. In 1529 he was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's chaplain, which brought him to the notice of the king and Thomas Cromwell. After the fall of Wolsey he remained faithful to him and was with him at the time of his arrest at Cawood and death at Leicester in 1530. Subsequently, he was transferred, perhaps through Cromwell's influence, to the service of the king, and in January 1532 he was sent to Rome as the king's agent when the question of the king's divorce was raised. There he sought to obstruct the judicial proceedings against Henry in the papal"
"attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him. Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused by Thomas Cromwell of having given advice and counsel to the ""Holy Maid of Kent,"" Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied that the king had ruined his soul and would come to a quick end for having divorced Queen Catherine. This was a month after Barton had confessed, which was possibly done under royal pressure, and was said"
"and commissioned by Thomas Cromwell. Thomas Starkey Thomas Starkey (c. 1495–1538) was an English political theorist and humanist. Starkey attended the University of Oxford and gained an MA at Magdalen College in 1521. After this, Starkey stayed in Padua until around 1526. Here he studied the works of Aristotle and admired the government of Venice. Between 1529 and 1532 Starkey wrote his ""A Dialogue between Pole and Lupset"", later known as ""Starkey's England"", and cast in dialogue form, between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset (1495–1530). In 1536 he published ""An Exhortation to the People instructing them to Unity and Obedience"","
"died in 1544. Thomas Bagard Thomas Bagard or Baggard (died 1544), was an English civilian, nominated in 1525 by Cardinal Wolsey one of the first eighteen canons of his college at Oxford, which afterwards became Christ Church. On 7 October 1528 he was admitted to the college of advocates in London. Early in 1532 he became chancellor of the diocese of Worcester through the intercession of Edmund Bonner with Thomas Cromwell. Under date 24 January 1531-2, Bonner asked Cromwell to ""continue good master to Dr. Bagard"", and two letters from Bagard to Cromwell, thanking him for granting him the appointment"
"John Clement (physician) John Clement (born in Yorkshire about 1500; died 1 July 1572, in the Blocstrate, St. John's parish, Mechlin) was an English Roman Catholic physician and humanist. He was tutor to Thomas More's children, and became President of the College of Physicians. He was educated at St. Paul's School and Oxford. Thomas More admitted Clement as one of his household to help in the education of his children and to assist him in linguistic studies. In 1519 we find Clement at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, when Cardinal Wolsey constituted him the Rhetoric Reader in the university; later he"
"had been employed by Wolsey in his monastic suppressions, and who was shortly to become Henry VIII's chief minister. However, Henry himself appears to have been much more influenced by the opinions on monasticism of the humanists Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More, especially as found in Erasmus's work In Praise of Folly (1511) and More's Utopia (1516). Erasmus and More promoted ecclesiastical reform while remaining faithful Catholics, and had ridiculed such monastic practices as repetitive formal religion, superstitious pilgrimages for the veneration of relics and the accumulation of monastic wealth. Henry appears from the first to have shared these views,"
"his native River Lossie. He was then a student of Philosophy of four years' standing. Proceeding to Paris, he became tutor to Thomas Wynter, reputed son of Cardinal Wolsey. He paid repeated visits to England, where he was well received by the king, and, after Wolsey's fall, he acted as one of Thomas Cromwell's agents in Paris. He was in England as late as 1534, and appears to have been Rector of Speldhurst in Kent. In Paris he knew George Buchanan, and found patrons in the cardinal Jean de Lorraine and Jean du Bellay. He was to have gone with"
"Francis Mallet Francis Mallet (or Mallett) (died 1570) was an English churchman and academic, and chaplain to Mary Tudor. The son of William Mallet of Normanton, West Yorkshire, Francis Mallet graduated from the University of Cambridge, B.A. in 1522, M.A. (1525) and D.D. (1535), and became the last Master of Michaelhouse, Cambridge, in 1533, before it was merged with King's Hall to form Trinity College. He had in this the support of Thomas Cromwell; Mallet became chaplain to Thomas Cranmer in the mid-1530s, and was chaplain to Cromwell in 1538. Mallet was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, in 1536"
"Entirely Beloved ""Entirely Beloved"" is the second episode of the BBC Two series ""Wolf Hall"". It was first broadcast on 28 January 2015. In December 1529, following Cardinal Thomas Wolsey's departure as Lord Chancellor, Thomas Cromwell gains favor from King Henry VIII and is sworn into the king's Privy Council. ""Entirely Beloved"" received positive reviews. The ""Daily Telegraph"" again gave the episode 5/5; Reviewer Jasper Reeves also praised Straughan's dialogue and Peter Kosminsky's directing, writing, ""It’s like watching a chess grandmaster go around a room playing 20 challengers at once. The spectacle is dizzying, and the acting magnificent."" Neela Debnath,"