"poem ""Ode to Liberty"", one of several that led to his being exiled by Tsar Alexander the First. While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama ""Boris Godunov"". His novel in verse, ""Eugene Onegin"", was serialized between 1825 and 1832. Pushkin was fatally wounded in a duel with his brother-in-law, Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, also known as Dantes-Gekkern, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment, who attempted to seduce the poet's wife, Natalia Pushkina. Pushkin's father, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin (1767–1848), was descended from a"
"10th Symphony (1926–7) was inspired by the poem. Rostislav Zakharov made the story into a ballet (1949) at the Kirov Opera and Ballet Theatre in Leningrad. Yuri Smekalov made the story into a ballet (2016) at the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg. The Bronze Horseman (poem) The Bronze Horseman: A Petersburg Tale ( ""Mednyy vsadnik: Peterburgskaya povest""', literally: ""The Copper Horseman"") is a narrative poem written by Alexander Pushkin in 1833 about the equestrian statue of Peter the Great in Saint Petersburg and the great flood of 1824. While the poem was written in 1833, it was not published, in"
"on the Shores of the Lethe"", 1809), Vasily Zhukovsky (""The Bard"", 1811; ""Svetlana"", 1813) and Nikolay Karamzin (""Poor Liza"", 1792; ""Julia"", 1796; ""Martha the Mayoress"", 1802; ""The Sensitive and the Cold"", 1803). However the principal exponent of Romanticism in Russia is Alexander Pushkin (""The Prisoner of the Caucasus"", 1820–1821; ""The Robber Brothers"", 1822; ""Ruslan and Ludmila"", 1820; ""Eugene Onegin"", 1825–1832). Pushkin's work influenced many writers in the 19th century and led to his eventual recognition as Russia's greatest poet. Other Russian Romantic poets include Mikhail Lermontov (""A Hero of Our Time"", 1839), Fyodor Tyutchev (""Silentium!"", 1830), Yevgeny Baratynsky (""Eda"", 1826),"
"Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera) Ruslan and Lyudmila ( is an opera in five acts (eight tableaux) composed by Mikhail Glinka between 1837 and 1842. The opera is based on the 1820 poem of the same name by Alexander Pushkin. The Russian libretto was written by Valerian Shirkov, Nestor Kukolnik and N. A. Markevich, among others. Pushkin's death in the famous duel prevented him from writing the libretto himself as planned. Today, the best-known music from the opera is its overture. The premiere took place in Saint Petersburg on 27 November 1842 at the Bolshoi Kamenniy Teatr. The initial lack of"
"31, 1828 night at Bolshoy stage for the benefit of Mikhail Shchepkin featured ""The Robbers"" by Friedrich Schiller, a single-act French opera, and a ""vaudeville ballet by Alexander Shakhovskoy in rhyme and free verse with machines, flooding of the entire theatre, diverse dancing and music compiled from folk songs"". In the second quarter of the century native Russian plays gradually increased their share. Maly performances included works by Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Griboyedov (""Woe from Wit"" 1831 featuring both Shchepkin and Pavel Mochalov). Alexander Pushkin (""Ruslan and Ludmila"" 1825, ""The Fountain of Bakhchisaray"" 1827, ""The Gypsies"" 1832) and lesser known, now"
"double life. Still keeping his passions secret, he took a keen interest in Russian history and medieval epics, which would be reflected in ""The Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov"" and ""Borodino"", as well as a series of popular ballads. During what he later referred to as ""four wasted years"" he finished ""Demon"", wrote ""Boyarin Orsha"", ""The Tambov Treasurer's Wife"" and ""Masquerade"", his best-known drama. Through Rayevsky he became acquainted with Andrey Krayevsky, then the editor of ""Russky Invalid""'s literary supplement, in a couple of years' time to become the editor of the influential journal ""Otechestvennye Zapiski"". The death of Pushkin,"
"The Bronze Horseman (poem) The Bronze Horseman: A Petersburg Tale ( ""Mednyy vsadnik: Peterburgskaya povest""', literally: ""The Copper Horseman"") is a narrative poem written by Alexander Pushkin in 1833 about the equestrian statue of Peter the Great in Saint Petersburg and the great flood of 1824. While the poem was written in 1833, it was not published, in its entirety, until after his death as his work was under censorship due to the political nature of his other writings. Widely considered to be Pushkin's most successful narrative poem, ""The Bronze Horseman"" has had a lasting impact on Russian literature. It"
"Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; ; ) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin was born into Russian nobility in Moscow. His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to Pushkin noble families. His matrilineal great-grandfather was Abram Petrovich Gannibal. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Upon graduation from the Lycee, Pushkin recited his controversial"
"The Stone Guest (play) The Stone Guest () is a poetic drama by Alexander Pushkin based on the Spanish legend of Don Juan, spelled Don Guan () by Pushkin. Pushkin wrote ""The Stone Guest"" in 1830 as part of a collection of four short plays known as ""Little Tragedies"". The play is based on the familiar Don Juan legend, but while most traditional adaptations present it as farcical and comedic, Pushkin's ""little tragedy"" is indeed a romantic tragedy. Save for the duel, there is little action, and though written in the form of a play, scholars agree that it was"
"with sandbags and a wooden shelter. Thus protected it survived 900 days of bombing and artillery virtually untouched. True to the legend, Leningrad was never taken. ""The Bronze Horseman"" is the title of a poem written by Aleksandr Pushkin in 1833, widely considered to be one of the most significant works of Russian literature. Due to the popularity of his work, the statue came to be called the ""Bronze Horseman"". A major theme of the poem is conflict between the needs of the state and the needs of ordinary citizens. In the poem, Pushkin describes the fates of the poor"
"Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Boris Godunov (play) Boris Godunov (, Borís Godunóv; variant title: ""Драматическая повесть, Комедия o настоящей беде Московскому государству, o царе Борисе и о Гришке Отрепьеве"", ""A Dramatic Tale, The Comedy of the Distress of the Muscovite State, of Tsar Boris, and of Grishka Otrepyev"") is a closet play by Alexander Pushkin. It was written in 1825, published in 1831, but not approved for performance by the censor until 1866 . Its subject is the Russian ruler Boris Godunov, who reigned as Tsar from 1598 to 1605. It consists of 25 scenes and is written predominantly"
"much of its relevance. Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; ; ) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Pushkin was born into Russian nobility in Moscow. His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to Pushkin noble families. His matrilineal great-grandfather was Abram Petrovich Gannibal. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Upon graduation from the Lycee,"
"Sukhovo-Kobylin (three plays written between 1855 and 1869 where produced in 1890s). In 1878 young Anton Chekhov wrote his first large-scale drama ""Platonov"" specifically for Maria Yermolova, but she rejected the play and it was not published until 1923. ""The Miserly Knight"" by Alexander Pushkin premiered in Maly posthumously in January 1853, three months later than in Saint Petersburg's Alexandrinsky Theatre. Numerically, quality Russian drama remained scarce: between 1862 and 1881 Maly and Alexandrinsky theatres together produced a total of 607 foreign plays, 500 Russian vaudevilles and only 120 ""serious"" original Russian plays (including 49 by Ostrovsky). The last quarter"
"works. His 1854 comedy ""Don't Live as You Like"" was adapted as the tragic opera ""The Power of the Fiend"" (premiered in 1871) by Alexander Serov. The historical drama ""The Voyevoda (Dream on the Volga)"" was transformed into two operas: one by Pyotr Tchaikovsky (as ""The Voyevoda"") and later another by Anton Arensky entitled ""Dream on the Volga"". Tchaikovsky also later wrote incidental music for a scene in the play. Alexander Ostrovsky is considered one of the most important Russian playwrights of the 19th century, credited with bringing dramatic realism to the Russian theatre stage. His best-known plays, in which"
"Boris Godunov (play) Boris Godunov (, Borís Godunóv; variant title: ""Драматическая повесть, Комедия o настоящей беде Московскому государству, o царе Борисе и о Гришке Отрепьеве"", ""A Dramatic Tale, The Comedy of the Distress of the Muscovite State, of Tsar Boris, and of Grishka Otrepyev"") is a closet play by Alexander Pushkin. It was written in 1825, published in 1831, but not approved for performance by the censor until 1866 . Its subject is the Russian ruler Boris Godunov, who reigned as Tsar from 1598 to 1605. It consists of 25 scenes and is written predominantly in blank verse. Modest Mussorgsky's"
"later. The original and uncensored version of the drama was not staged until 2007. Around 1825–1829 he met and befriended the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz, during exile in central Russia. In 1829 he travelled through the Caucasus to Erzurum to visit friends fighting in the Russian army during the Russo-Turkish War. In the end of 1829 Pushkin wanted to set off on a journey abroad, the desire reflected in his poem ""Poedem, ia gotov; kuda by vy, druz’ia..."" He applied for permission for the journey, but received negative response from Nicholas I on 17 January 1830. Around 1828, Pushkin met"
"the greatest writers in Russian history. This period, known also as the Golden Age of Russian Poetry, began with Alexander Pushkin, who is considered the founder of the modern Russian literary language and often described as the ""Russian Shakespeare"". It continued with the poetry of Mikhail Lermontov and Nikolay Nekrasov, dramas of Alexander Ostrovsky and Anton Chekhov, and the prose of Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky have been described by literary critics as the greatest novelists of all time. By the 1880s, the age of the great novelists was over, and short fiction and poetry"
"Guest"", one of the so-called four ""Little Tragedies"", a collective characterization by Pushkin himself in 1830 letter to Pyotr Pletnyov) was the inspiration for Peter Shaffer's ""Amadeus"" as well as providing the libretto (almost verbatim) to Rimsky-Korsakov's opera ""Mozart and Salieri"". Pushkin is also known for his short stories. In particular his cycle ""The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin"", including ""The Shot"", were well received. Pushkin himself preferred his verse novel ""Eugene Onegin"", which he wrote over the course of his life and which, starting a tradition of great Russian novels, follows a few central characters but varies"
"both plays have been frequently staged. Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Alexander Pushkin devoted much time to the closet drama. The popularity of closet drama at this time was both a sign of, and a reaction to, the decline of the verse tragedy on the European stage in the 1800s. Popular tastes in theater were shifting toward melodrama and comedy and there was little commercial appeal in staging verse tragedies (though Coleridge, Robert Browning, and others wrote verse dramas that were staged in commercial theaters). Playwrights who wanted to write verse tragedy had to resign themselves to writing for"
"""Grandmother's Parrots"" (1819). Excited by the success he continued to compose light music for this currently fashionable genre and composed more than 30 of them. He also created a series of ballads for voice and piano, which he called ""cantatas"". The performance of them had often involved a theatrical action. One of them ""The Black Shawl or Moldavian Song"" (1823) a setting of Alexander Pushkin's poem, became immensely popular in the aristocrats' salons. In 1825 he was appointed as an 'inspector of music' in Moscow, in charge of the imperial theatres including the Maly and Bolshoi, controlling all the repertoire"
"Pushkin’s ""The Moor of Peter the Great"". Rogday and Farlaf are mentioned in Nikolay Karamzin's ""History of the Russian State"" (""История государства Российского""). The Pechenegs, mentioned in Song 6, besieged the city of Kiev in 968, and again (in a date which would make sense in a possible timeline of the poem) in 997. The descriptions of battle are historically accurate with regard to weapons and tactics used in the 10th century. Ruslan and Ludmila Ruslan and Ludmila (pre-reform Russian: ; post-reform ) is a poem by Alexander Pushkin, published in 1820. It is written as an epic fairy tale"
"combined Pavlova’s work into two volumes which he published in 1915. Karolina Pavlova was called the ""master of Russian verse"" by Andrei Bely, who placed her in the same category as Zhukovsky, Baratynsky, and Fet. ""The Sphinx"", written in 1831, was Karolina’s first poem in Russian. Some of her other works include: ""A Conversation at Trianon"" (1848), ""A Conversation at the Kremlin""(1854), and the elegy ""Life Calls Us"" (1846). In nineteenth century Russia, the astounding literature being produced ""equalled that written at any place at any time in history."" Aleksandr Pushkin (1799–1837), Mikhail Lermontov (1814–1841), Nikolai Gogol (1809–1852), Ivan Turgenev"
"on 31 January 1829 and the poem was published later that year. Tchaikovsky's 1884 opera ""Mazeppa"" was loosely based on ""Poltava"". Poltava (poem) Poltava () is a narrative poem written by Aleksandr Pushkin in 1828-9 about the involvement of the Ukrainian Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa in the 1709 Battle of Poltava between Sweden and Russia. The poem intertwines a love plot between Mazepa and Maria with an account of Mazepa's betrayal of Tsar Peter I and Peter's victory in battle. Although often considered one of Pushkin's lesser works and critiqued as unabashedly imperialistic, a number of critics have praised the"
"in Time of Plague"", and ""The Captain's Daughter""; Tchaikovsky's ""Mazeppa""; Rachmaninoff's one-act operas ""Aleko"" (based on ""The Gypsies"") and ""The Miserly Knight""; Stravinsky's ""Mavra"", and Nápravník's ""Dubrovsky"". Additionally, ballets and cantatas, as well as innumerable songs, have been set to Pushkin's verse (including even his French-language poems, in Isabelle Aboulker's song cycle ""Caprice étrange""). Suppé, Leoncavallo and Malipiero have also based operas on his works. ""The Desire of Glory"", which has been dedicated to Elizaveta Vorontsova, was set to music by David Tukhmanov ), as well as ""Keep Me, Mine Talisman"" – by Alexander Barykin ) and later by Tukhmanov."
"is credited with both crystallizing the literary Russian language and introducing a new level of artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel in verse, ""Eugene Onegin"". An entire new generation of poets including Mikhail Lermontov, Yevgeny Baratynsky, Konstantin Batyushkov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet followed in Pushkin's steps. Pushkin is considered by many to be the central representative of Romanticism in Russian literature; however, he can't be labelled unequivocally as a Romantic. Russian critics have traditionally argued that his works represent a path from neo-Classicism through Romanticism to Realism. An alternative assessment"
"at the Winter Palace and boyars' dinner at the boyar Gavrila Rzhevsky's place. The latter is interrupted by the arrival of the Tsar, who wants to marry Ibrahim to the Gavrila's daughter, Natalia. The Moor of Peter the Great The Moor of Peter the Great (, ""Arap Petra Velikogo"", literally ""The Arap of Peter the Great"", also translated as The Blackamoor of Peter the Great or The Negro of Peter the Great) is an unfinished historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. Written in 1827–1828 and first published in 1837, the novel is the first prose work of the great Russian poet."
"opera, ""Boris Godunov"" (1874), is based on this play. Having finished the play, Pushkin famously wrote to his friend Pyotr Vyazemsky: ""What a Pushkin, what a son of a bitch!"" . Pushkin wrote of the play: ""The study of Shakespeare, Karamzin, and our old chronicles gave me the idea of clothing in dramatic forms one of the most dramatic epochs of our history. Not disturbed by any other influence, I imitated Shakespeare in his broad and free depictions of characters, in the simple and careless combination of plots; I followed Karamzin in the clear development of events; I tried to"
"mercy of terrible floods caused by the breaking-up of the ice of the Lake Ladoga just east of it or- as on the occasion described in the poem- by the west wind blowing back the Neva. There had been one such devastating flood in 1777 and again in 1824, during Pushkin's time and the flood modeled in the poem, and they continue to this day. The conflict between Tsar and citizen, or empire and individual, is a key theme of ""The Bronze Horseman"". Critics differ as to whether Pushkin ultimately sides with Evgenii — the little man — or Peter"
"Before it was published in 1820, Pushkin was exiled to the south of Russia for political ideas he had expressed in other works such as his ode to ""Freedom” (вольность). A slightly revised edition was published in 1828. The poem was the basis of an opera of the same name composed by Mikhail Glinka between 1837 and 1842. A feature film based on the poem was produced in the Soviet Union in 1972, directed by Aleksandr Ptushko and starring Valeri Kozinets and Natalya Petrova as the title characters. Other film versions include a 1915 silent produced by the Russian production"
"Masquerade (play) Masquerade () is a verse play written in 1835 by the Russian Romantic writer Mikhail Lermontov. The four-act play, set in 1830's St. Petersburg aristocratic society, highlights the rebellious spirit and noble mind of the protagonist, Yevgeny Arbenin. It is often compared with Shakespeare's ""Othello"" in its essential story line. The hero of the drama, Arbenin, is a wealthy middle-aged man endowed with a rebellious spirit and a strong will. Born into high society, he strives in vain to gain independence and freedom. He lives by the laws of his society, and, in trying to defend his honor"
"in other genres: Reinhold Glière choreographed a ballet based on it, and Nikolai Myaskovsky's 10th Symphony (1926–7) was inspired by the poem. The statue itself has been seen as the inspiration or model for a similar statue which appears in Joseph Conrad’s 1904 political novel ""Nostromo"", thus implicitly linking the political events in ""Nostromo"" with Conrad’s 1905 essay “Autocracy and War” on the subject of Russia and his eventual 1912 novel ""Under Western Eyes"" (and also with the Pushkin poem and with the political issue of Poland). Bronze Horseman The Bronze Horseman (, literally ""copper horseman"") is an equestrian statue"
"audience. Masquerade (play) Masquerade () is a verse play written in 1835 by the Russian Romantic writer Mikhail Lermontov. The four-act play, set in 1830's St. Petersburg aristocratic society, highlights the rebellious spirit and noble mind of the protagonist, Yevgeny Arbenin. It is often compared with Shakespeare's ""Othello"" in its essential story line. The hero of the drama, Arbenin, is a wealthy middle-aged man endowed with a rebellious spirit and a strong will. Born into high society, he strives in vain to gain independence and freedom. He lives by the laws of his society, and, in trying to defend his"
"referred to as the ""Golden Era"" of Russian literature. Romanticism permitted a flowering of especially poetic talent: the names of Vasily Zhukovsky and later that of his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Pushkin is credited with both crystallizing the literary Russian language and introducing a new level of artistry to Russian literature. His best-known work is a novel in verse, ""Eugene Onegin"". An entire new generation of poets including Mikhail Lermontov, Yevgeny Baratynsky, Konstantin Batyushkov, Nikolay Nekrasov, Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet followed in Pushkin's steps. Prose was flourishing as well. The first great Russian"