"political and religious justification of war. This normative concept is known as ""Jihad"", an Arabic word with the meaning ""to strive; to struggle"" (viz. ""in the way of God""), which includes the aspect of struggle ""by the sword"". The first forms of military Jihad occurred after the migration (hijra) of Muhammad and his small group of followers to Medina from Mecca and the conversion of several inhabitants of the city to Islam. The first revelation concerning the struggle against the Meccans was surah 22, verses 39-40: This happened many times throughout history, beginning with Muhammad's battles against the polytheist Arabs"
"the word ""jihād"" translates into English as ""struggle"". Jihad appears in the Qur'an and frequently in the idiomatic expression ""striving in the way of Allah ""(al-jihad fi sabil Allah)"""". The context of the word can be seen in its usage in Arabic translations of the New Testament such as in 2 Timothy 4:7 where St. Paul expresses keeping the faith after many struggles. A person engaged in jihad is called a ""mujahid""; the plural is mujahideen. Jihad is an important religious duty for Muslims. A minority among the Sunni scholars sometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of"
"Jawi script Acehnese language work Hikayat Perang Sabil (w:ace:Hikayat Prang Sabi, w:id:Hikayat Prang Sabi) has been transliterated into the Latin alphabet and annotated by Ibrahim Alfian (Teuku.) published in Jakarta. Perang sabi was the Acehnese word for jihad, a holy war and Acehnese language literary works on perang sabi were distributed by Islamic clerics ('ulama) such as Teungku di Tiro to help the resistance against the Dutch in the Aceh War. The recompense awarded by in paradise detailed in Islamic Arabic texts and Dutch atrocities were expounded on in the Hikayat Perang Sabil which was communally read by small cabals"
"Jawi script Acehnese language work Hikayat Perang Sabil (w:ace:Hikayat Prang Sabi, w:id:Hikayat Prang Sabi) has been transliterated into the Latin alphabet and annotated by Ibrahim Alfian (Teuku.) published in Jakarta. Perang sabi was the Acehnese word for jihad, a holy war and Acehnese language literary works on perang sabi were distributed by Islamic clerics ('ulama) such as Teungku di Tiro to help the resistance against the Dutch in the Aceh War. The recompense awarded by in paradise detailed in Islamic Arabic texts and Dutch atrocities were expounded on in the Hikayat Perang Sabil which was communally read by small cabals"
"of personal struggle, as it is used by the media and politicians almost exclusively to mean ""holy war"" and to refer to violent acts perpetrated by extremist Muslims. ""Bismillah"" was considered as an early working title for the film, but was not considered as the final title to avoid further controversy. Among Muslims, the phrase (""bismillah"" in Arabic) may be used before beginning actions, speech, or writing. Its most notable use in Al-Fatiha, the opening passage of the Qur'an, which begins ""Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim."" All surahs of the Qur'an begin with ""Bismillahi r-Rahmani r-Rahim,"" with the exception of the ninth."
"major conflicts such as the Second Fitna (680–92), the Third Fitna (744–47), the Fourth Fitna (809-827), and the Fitna of al-Andalus (1009–1031). Fitna (word) Fitna (or , pl. ""; : ""temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife"") is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress. A word with important historical implications, it is also widely used in modern Arabic. One might distinguish between the meanings of "" as used in Classical Arabic and the meanings of ""fitna"" as used in Modern Standard Arabic and various colloquial dialects. Due to the conceptual importance of ""fitna"" in the Qur'an, its"
"in battle when he hears the sound of marching in the Baka trees (translated ""mulberry trees"" in the King James Version, although the specific tree to which בכא refers is not known--many modern translations suggest ""balsam tree""). Bakkah Bakkah ( ), according to the Sunni and Shi'a scholars, is an ancient name for Mecca, the most holy city of Islam. Most people believe they are synonyms, but to Muslim scholars there is a distinction: Bakkah refers to the Kaaba and the sacred site immediately surrounding it, while Mecca is the name of the city in which they are both located."
"representative or vicegerent of the Imam) to be Hajj-e Haqiqi. An Islamic term, Jihad is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning ""struggle."" Jihad appears frequently in the Qur'an and is sometimes used in the nonmilitary sense. A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid; the plural is mujahideen. When a violent act is intended, the Qur'an used the term ""Qattal"" meaning to engage in killing/violence. A minority among the Sunni scholars sometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of Islam, though it occupies no such official status. In Twelver"
"Harki Harki (adjective from the Arabic ""harka"", standard Arabic ""haraka"" حركة, ""war party"" or ""movement"", i.e., a group of volunteers, especially soldiers) is the generic term for native Muslim Algerians who served as auxiliaries in the French Army during the Algerian War of Independence from 1954 to 1962. The word sometimes applies to all Algerian Muslims who supported French Algeria during the war. A principal motive for fighting on the side of the French was to provide for family and protect property, rather than strictly a patriotic devotion to France. They are regarded as traitors in Algeria and thousands died"
"Margoliouth argues that the Jews of Khaybar had done nothing to harm Muhammad or his followers, and ascribes the attack to a desire for plunder. He describes the reason given by Muhammad for the attack as ""its inhabitants were ""not Moslems"""" (italics in the source). He wrote that this became an excuse for unfettered conquest. ""Jihad"", an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word ""jihād"" translates as a noun meaning ""struggle"". ""Jihad"" appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression ""striving for the sake of God ""(al-jihad fi sabil Allah)"""". Jihad"
"agree on its definition. Many observers—both Muslim and non-Muslim—as well as the ""Dictionary of Islam"", talk of jihad having two meanings: an inner spiritual struggle (the ""greater jihad""), and an outer physical struggle against the enemies of Islam (the ""lesser jihad"") which may take a violent or non-violent form. Jihad is often translated as ""Holy War"", although this term is controversial. According to orientalist Bernard Lewis, ""the overwhelming majority of classical theologians, jurists"", and specialists in the hadith ""understood the obligation of jihad in a military sense."" Javed Ahmad Ghamidi states that there is consensus among Islamic scholars that the"
"violence, and eventually to the civil war. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan six years after the war ended. Sudan is Muslim and South Sudan is Christian. Religious war A religious war or holy war () is a war primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. In the modern period, debates are common over the extent to which religious, economic, or ethnic aspects of a conflict predominate in a given war. According to the ""Encyclopedia of Wars"", out of all 1,763 known/recorded historical conflicts, 123, or 6.98%, had religion as their primary cause, and of that"
"described as fighting a war; while the FLN were referred to as ""criminals"", ""bandits"", ""outlaws"", ""terrorists"" and """"fellagha"""" (a derogatory Arabic word meaning ""road-cutters"", but which was popularly mistranslated as ""throat-cutters""-a reference to the FLN""s favorite method of execution, namely making people wear the ""Algerian smile"" by cutting their throats, pulling their tongues out and leaving them to bleed to death). After reports of the widespread use of torture by French forces started to reach France in 1956–57, the war become commonly known as """"la sale guerre"""" (""the dirty war""), a term that is still used today, and which reflects"
"Fitna (word) Fitna (or , pl. ""; : ""temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife"") is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress. A word with important historical implications, it is also widely used in modern Arabic. One might distinguish between the meanings of "" as used in Classical Arabic and the meanings of ""fitna"" as used in Modern Standard Arabic and various colloquial dialects. Due to the conceptual importance of ""fitna"" in the Qur'an, its use in that work may need to be considered separately from, though in addition to, the word's general lexical meaning in Classical"
"that while the religious material are limited, what procedure should be taken if a problem arises. Here human reason comes in; God gave reason to human to discover His Will. If no answer was given by tradition (naql) the intellect (aql) should come in. This rational effort to find the solutions for the temporary issues is called Ijtihad (making of an effort). It is derived form the word jihad which means the struggle for the attainment of God's Will on earth. The participle of ijtihad is mujtahid (the person who makes effort). They should master the Arabic language and be"
"religious connotation, with a meaning similar to the English word ""crusade"" (as in ""a crusade against drugs""). According to Ahmed al-Dawoody, seventeen derivatives of jihād occur altogether forty-one times in eleven Meccan texts and thirty Medinan ones, with the following five meanings: striving because of religious belief (21), war (12), non-Muslim parents exerting pressure, that is, jihād, to make their children abandon Islam (2), solemn oaths (5), and physical strength (1). The context of the Quran is elucidated by Hadith (the teachings, deeds and sayings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad). Of the 199 references to jihad in perhaps the most"
"not use the word ""killing"" but rather I say ""struggle"", which is a more comprehensive word than the word ""killing"" and whose meaning is not necessarily to kill. In addition, I have condemned the taking of hostages on a number of occasions in the past and have demanded that they be released and that their lives not be threatened. Shaker Al-Nabulsi, a former Muslim who writes for the liberal site Ethal, called for the creation of a petition to the UN calling to put Qaradawi and his like on trial for incitement and support of terrorism. Al-Qaradawi issued a fatwa"
"defines the term as ""fight, battle; jihad, holy war (against the infidels, as a religious duty)"". Nonetheless, it is usually used in the religious sense and its beginnings are traced back to the Qur'an and the words and actions of Muhammad. In the Qur'an and in later Muslim usage, jihad is commonly followed by the expression ""fi sabil illah"", ""in the path of God."" Muhammad Abdel-Haleem states that it indicates ""the way of truth and justice, including all the teachings it gives on the justifications and the conditions for the conduct of war and peace."" It is sometimes used without"
"wrestling with an angel, see Genesis 32:28-29) to refer to Jews. According to the Talmud then, there is no distinction between ""religious Jews"" and ""secular Jews."" In modern Hebrew, the same word is still used to mean both Jews and Judeans (""of Judea""). In Arabic the terms are ""yahūdī"" (sg.), ""al-yahūd"" (pl.), and بَنُو اِسرَائِيل ""banū isrāʼīl"". The Aramaic term is """". The Septuagint (reputedly a product of Hellenistic Jewish scholarship) and other Greek documents translated , ""Yehudi"" and the Aramaic """" using the Koine Greek term ""Ioudaios"" (; pl. ""Ioudaioi""), which had lost the 'h' sound. The Latin term,"
"themselves and this slowly lead to the emergence of the Crusades, the concept of ""holy war"", and terminology such as ""enemies of God"" in the 11th century. During the time of the Crusades, some of those who fought in the name of God were recognized as the ""Milites Christi"", soldiers or knights of Christ. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries against the Muslim Conquests. Originally, the goal was to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, and support the besieged Christian Byzantine Empire against the Muslim Seljuq"
"even some Muslims is ""Jihad"", which, he said, has nothing to do with the phrase ""holy war"" that is never actually used in the Quran or sunnah and was first used by the crusaders who killed millions in the name of Christianity. He added the word ""Jihad"" actually means to strive or struggle against one's own evil inclinations, to make the society better, in self-defense on a battlefield, and against oppression. In a lecture delivered on 31 July 2008 on Peace TV, Naik commented on the attacks of 11 September: ""it is a blatant, open secret that this attack on"
"War, compared to the (perceived) near-victory of the Yom Kippur War six years later. In that war the military's slogan was ""God is Great"". Along with the Yom Kippur War came the Arab oil embargo where the (Muslim) Persian Gulf oil-producing states' dramatic decision to cut back on production and quadruple the price of oil, made the terms oil, Arabs and Islam synonymous—with power—in the world, and especially in the Muslim world's public imagination. Many Muslims believe as Saudi Prince Saud al Faisal did that the hundreds of billions of dollars in wealth obtained from the Persian Gulf's huge oil"
"two possible locations (the other is Amaq) for an epic battle between invading Christians and the defending Muslims which will result in a Muslim victory and mark the beginning of the end of times. The Islamic State believes Dabiq is where an epic and decisive battle will take place with Christian forces of the West, and have named their online magazine after the village (after being driven out of the town of Dabiq by the Turkish Military and Syrian Rebels in October 2016, ISIL/IS/Daesh replaced this publication with a new one named ""Rumiyah""). During Caliph Sulayman's reign (715–717), Dabiq, near"
"histories into Arabic, leading to the replacement of the term ""wars of the Ifranj""Frankswith ""al-hurub al Salabiyya""wars of the Cross. Namik Kamel published the first modern Saladin biography in 1872. The Jerusalem visit in 1898 of Kaiser Wilhelm prompted further interest, with Sayyid Ali al-Harri producing the first Arabic history of the Crusades. Muslim thinkers, politicians and historians have drawn parallels between the Crusades and modern political developments such as the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, Mandatory Palestine, and the United Nations mandated foundation of the state of Israel. Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars"
"authors have called it the ""Second Gulf War"" to distinguish it from the Iran–Iraq War. ""Liberation of Kuwait"" () (""taḥrīr al-kuwayt"") is the term used by Kuwait and most of the coalition's Arab states, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. Terms in other languages include and (""Gulf War""); (""Second Gulf War""); (""War of Kuwait""). Most of the coalition states used various names for their operations and the war's operational phases. These are sometimes incorrectly used as the conflict's overall name, especially the US ""Desert Storm"": The US divided the conflict into three major campaigns: Precision-guided munitions"
"at the battle called ""Uhud"", the war cry of the Qurayshites was, ""O people of Uzzā, people of Hubal!"" (Tawil 1993). In fact, in ancient times, the goddess and god were known as Allat and Allah, or what would better be termed as deities representing ""husband and wife"". According to Ibn Ishaq's controversial account of the Satanic Verses (""q.v.""), these verses had previously endorsed them as intercessors for Muslims, but were abrogated. Most Muslim scholars have regarded the story as historically implausible, while opinion is divided among western scholars such as Leone Caetani and John Burton, who argue against, and"
"published in Jakarta. Perang sabi was the Acehnese word for jihad, a holy war and Acehnese language literary works on perang sabi were distributed by Islamic clerics ('ulama) such as Teungku di Tiro to help the resistance against the Dutch in the Aceh War. The recompense awarded by in paradise detailed in Islamic Arabic texts and Dutch atrocities were expounded on in the Hikayat Perang Sabil which was communally read by small cabals of Ulama and Acehnese who swore an oath before going to achieve the desired status of ""martyr"" by launching suicide attacks on the Dutch. Perang sabil was"
"Religious war A religious war or holy war () is a war primarily caused or justified by differences in religion. In the modern period, debates are common over the extent to which religious, economic, or ethnic aspects of a conflict predominate in a given war. According to the ""Encyclopedia of Wars"", out of all 1,763 known/recorded historical conflicts, 123, or 6.98%, had religion as their primary cause, and of that percentage, 65, or 53.66%, were related to Islam and Christianity. Matthew White's ""The Great Big Book of Horrible Things"" gives religion as the cause of 13 of the world's 100"
"""bitter""), and thus may be related to the English word myrrh (through Aramaic ܡܪܝܪܐ ""mriro"", in Arabic مرّ ""murr""). According to the Haggadah, the traditional text which is recited at the Seder and which defines the Seder's form and customs, the maror symbolizes the bitterness of slavery in Egypt. The following verse from the Torah underscores that symbolism: ""And they embittered (""ve-yimareru"" וימררו) their lives with hard labor, with mortar and with bricks and with all manner of labor in the field; any labor that they made them do was with hard labor"" (Exodus 1:14). Maror is one of the"
"Haram (site) The Arabic term ḥaram () has a meaning of ""sanctuary"" or ""holy shrine"" in the Islamic faith or Arabic language. The Arabic language has two separate words, ""ḥaram"" () and ""ḥarām"" (, 'forbidden' or 'sacred'), both derived from the same triliteral Semitic root ""Ḥ-R-M"". Both of these words can mean ""forbidden"" and/or ""sacred"" in a general way, but each has also developed some specialized meanings. A third related word derived from the same root, that is ""ḥarīm"" (), most directly corresponds to English ""harem"". This article covers the word ""ḥaram"" (with short vowels in the singular form). As"
"word ""jihād"" translates as a noun meaning ""struggle"". There are two commonly accepted meanings of jihad: an inner spiritual struggle and an outer physical struggle. The ""greater jihad"" is the inner struggle by a believer to fulfill his religious duties. This non-violent meaning is stressed by both Muslim and non-Muslim authors. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, an 11th-century Islamic scholar, referenced a statement by the companion of Muhammad, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah: Buddhist practices are known as Bhavana, which literally means ""development"" or ""cultivating"" or ""producing"" in the sense of ""calling into existence."" It is an important concept in Buddhist praxis (""Patipatti""). The word"
"the Banu Qurayza tribe, leading to their surrender and enslavement or execution. The defeat caused the Meccans to lose their trade and much of their prestige. The battle is named after ""trench"", or ""khandaq"", that was dug by Muslims in preparation for the battle. The word ""khandaq"" () is the Arabised form of the Persian word ""kandak"" (meaning ""that which has been dug""). Salman farsi the Persian advised Muhammad to dig a trench around the city. The battle is also referred to as the ""Battle of Confederates"" (). The Qur'an uses the term ""confederates"" () in sura ""Al-Ahzab"" to denote"
"the taking of infidels (non-Muslims) as slaves, during religious wars also called holy wars or ""jihad"". In the early Islamic communities, according to Kecia Ali, ""both life and law were saturated with slaves and slavery"". War, tribute from vassal states, purchase and children who inherited their parent's slavery were the sources of slaves in Islam. In Islam, according to Paul Lovejoy, ""the religious requirement that new slaves be pagans and need for continued imports to maintain slave population made Africa an important source of slaves for the Islamic world."" Slavery of non-Muslims, followed by the structured process of converting them"