"be outvoted on any substantive matter. Thus, the real power remained in white hands—and in practice, in the hands of the National Party, which had a large majority in the white chamber. As Botha was leader of the National Party, the system placed nearly all governing power in his hands. Botha resigned in 1989 and was succeeded by F. W. de Klerk, who oversaw the transition to majority rule in 1994. Under South Africa's first non-racial constitution, adopted in 1994, the head of state (and of government) is known simply as the President. However, since the declaration of the republic"
"regard him as its most hated adversary. F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg, British Dominion of South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de"
"F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg, British Dominion of South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University before pursuing"
"in ""Invictus"" and other films, ""the America film industry"" has played a significant part in ""the crafting of Mandela's global image"". Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served"
"Nelson Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa, Mandela was born to the Thembu"
"after Nelson Mandela, Jacobus Johannes Fouché and Thabo Mbeki. Viljoen died on 4 January 2007 due to heart failure. He received a state funeral on 13 January 2007. Marais Viljoen Marais Viljoen, (2 December 1915 – 4 January 2007) was the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices in an executive presidency. Viljoen was the youngest of six children of Magdalena Debora ""Lenie"" (de Villiers)"
"Presidency of Nelson Mandela The presidency of Nelson Mandela began on 10 May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as President of South Africa, and ended on 14 June 1999. He was the first non-white head of state in South African history, as well as the first to take office following the dismantling of the apartheid system and the introduction of multiracial democracy. Mandela was also the oldest head of state in South Africa's history, taking office at the age of seventy-five. The 1994 general election, held on 27 April, was South"
"Presidency of Nelson Mandela The presidency of Nelson Mandela began on 10 May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid activist, lawyer, and former political prisoner, was inaugurated as President of South Africa, and ended on 14 June 1999. He was the first non-white head of state in South African history, as well as the first to take office following the dismantling of the apartheid system and the introduction of multiracial democracy. Mandela was also the oldest head of state in South Africa's history, taking office at the age of seventy-five. The 1994 general election, held on 27 April, was South"
"Marais Viljoen Marais Viljoen, (2 December 1915 – 4 January 2007) was the last ceremonial State President of South Africa from 4 June 1979 until 3 September 1984. Viljoen became the last of the ceremonial presidents of South Africa when he was succeeded in 1984 by Prime Minister P. W. Botha, who combined the offices in an executive presidency. Viljoen was the youngest of six children of Magdalena Debora ""Lenie"" (de Villiers) and Gabriel Francois Viljoen. He was married on 20 April 1940 to Dorothea Maria Brink (17 September 1917 – 5 October 2005), with whom he had one daughter"
"C. R. Swart Charles Robberts Swart, (5 December 1894 – 16 July 1982), nicknamed ""Blackie"" was a South African politician who served as the last Governor-General of Union of South Africa from 1959 to 1961 and the first State President of the Republic of South Africa from 1961 to 1967. Swart was born on 5 December 1894 on the farm Morgenzon, in the Winburg district, part of the Boer republic of the Orange Free State (which became a British colony in 1902 and a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910). He was the third of six children,"
"Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation. Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and the fifth and current President of South Africa. He became President following the resignation of Jacob Zuma. Previously an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader, and businessman, Ramaphosa served as the Deputy President of South Africa from 2014 to 2018. He was elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in December 2017. He is also the former Chairman of the National Planning Commission, which is responsible for strategic planning for the future of the country, with the"
"Death of Nelson Mandela On 5 December 2013, Nelson Mandela, the first President of South Africa to be elected in a fully representative democratic election, as well as the country's first black head of state, died at the age of 95 after suffering from a prolonged respiratory infection. He died at around 20:50 local time (UTC+2) at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa, surrounded by his family. His death was announced by then President Jacob Zuma. Reactions from governments, international organizations, and notable individuals, gained worldwide media coverage. South Africa observed a national mourning period of 10 days. During"
"Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African politician and the fifth and current President of South Africa. He became President following the resignation of Jacob Zuma. Previously an anti-apartheid activist, trade union leader, and businessman, Ramaphosa served as the Deputy President of South Africa from 2014 to 2018. He was elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) at the ANC National Conference in December 2017. He is also the former Chairman of the National Planning Commission, which is responsible for strategic planning for the future of the country, with the goal of rallying"
"2018 South African presidential election An indirect presidential election was held in the National Assembly in South Africa on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma on 14 February. Acting president Cyril Ramaphosa of the ruling African National Congress won the election unopposed due to no other party nominating a candidate. Ramaphosa was sworn-in by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng at 5pm, 15 February 2018. Following the announcement of the resignation of President Jacob Zuma late on 14 February 2018, and official receipt of a letter of resignation by the Speaker of Parliament during the morning of 15 February,"
"Jan de Klerk Johannes ""Jan"" de Klerk, (22 July 1903 – 24 January 1979) was a South African politician. He was the father of F. W. de Klerk, the last State President of South Africa. As a member of the National Party, de Klerk served as interim State President for nine days following the retirement of Jacobus Johannes Fouché in 1975. Prior to this, he served as a Senator (1955–1975), Minister of Work and Public Works (1954–1958), Work and Mines (1958–1961), Home Affairs, Work and Immigration (1961), Home Affairs, Education and Arts and Sciences (1961–1966), Education, Arts and Sciences and"
"Hendrik Verwoerd Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966), also commonly referred to as H. F. Verwoerd and Dr. Verwoerd, was a South African politician, sociologist and journalist. As leader of South Africa's National Party he served as the last prime minister of the Union of South Africa from 1958 until 1961. In 1961 he proclaimed the founding of the Republic of South Africa, and continued as its prime minister from 1961 until his assassination in 1966 by Dimitri Tsafendas. Verwoerd was an authoritarian, socially conservative leader and an Afrikaner nationalist. His goal in founding the Republic"
"P. W. Botha Pieter Willem Botha, (; 12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006), commonly known as ""P. W."" and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for ""The Big Crocodile""), was the leader of South Africa from 1978 to 1989, serving as the last Prime Minister from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive State President from 1984 to 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1948, Botha was an outspoken opponent of majority rule and international communism. However, his administration did make concessions towards political reform, whereas internal unrest saw widespread human rights abuses at the hands of the government. Botha resigned"
"Jacob Zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (; born 12 April 1942) is a South African politician who served as the fourth President of South Africa from the 2009 general election until his resignation on 14 February 2018. Zuma is also referred to by his initials JZ and his clan name Msholozi. Zuma served as Deputy President of South Africa from 1999 to 2005, but was dismissed by President Thabo Mbeki in 2005 after Zuma's financial adviser, Schabir Shaik, was convicted of soliciting a bribe for Zuma. Zuma was nonetheless elected President of the African National Congress (ANC) on 18 December 2007"
"along with a check for €122,000, by an international jury composed of 11 persons from five continents, led by former United States Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize winner Henry Kissinger. The prize was first awarded in 1991 to Nelson Mandela, president of the African National Congress, and Frederik Willem de Klerk, president of the Republic of South Africa, and has been awarded each year since, with the exception of 2001 and 2004. Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux (The Old One), was the first President"
"punishing white people."" Despite calls for his dismissal, no action was taken. African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level, beginning with the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election. Today, the ANC remains the dominant political party in South Africa, winning every election since 1994. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent President of South Africa, has served as leader of the ANC since 18 December 2017. Founded on 8 January 1912 by John Langalibalele Dube in Bloemfontein"
"Guy Scott Guy Lindsay Scott (born 1 June 1944) is a Zambian politician who was the acting President of Zambia between October 2014 and January 2015 and as the 12th Vice-President of Zambia from 2011 to 2014. Scott was named acting President upon Michael Sata's death in office on 28 October 2014. He was the first white president of Zambia and the first white president in sub-Saharan Africa since F. W. de Klerk, South Africa's last apartheid-era president, left office in 1994. Guy Lindsay Scott was born on 1 June 1944 in the border city of Livingstone, the pre-1935 capital"
"Speaker, Baleka Mbete, former Mpumalanga Premier, Mathews Phosa, ANC Treasurer General, Zweli Mkhize, and Human Settlements Ministers, Lindiwe Sisulu, were all candidates for the position of ANC president, but later all withdrew. On 14 February 2018, Zuma resigned as President of South Africa, leading Ramaphosa, as Deputy President, to succeed him as acting president and serve out the remainder of Zuma's term. Ramaphosa was elected president on 15 February 2018. Ramaphosa will thus run for a full term in office as president. The party lost many municipalities and support in the 2016 municipal elections, including the mayoralty and majority in"
"by the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court. 2018 South African presidential election An indirect presidential election was held in the National Assembly in South Africa on 15 February 2018 following the resignation of Jacob Zuma on 14 February. Acting president Cyril Ramaphosa of the ruling African National Congress won the election unopposed due to no other party nominating a candidate. Ramaphosa was sworn-in by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng at 5pm, 15 February 2018. Following the announcement of the resignation of President Jacob Zuma late on 14 February 2018, and official receipt of a letter of resignation by the Speaker"
"first President of Namibia. In 1990, on his return to South Africa, Louis Pienaar was nominated to be Minister of Education in President F W de Klerk's government where he was responsible for the dismantling of the structures of apartheid. From May 1992 until April 1993, Pienaar was Minister for Internal Affairs. Pienaar died at his residence in Cape Town on 5 November 2012. Louis Pienaar Louis Alexander Pienaar (23 June 1926 – 5 November 2012) was a South African lawyer and diplomat. He was the last white administrator of South-West Africa, from 1985 through Namibian independence in 1990. Pienaar"
"complaint was investigated for hate speech against Jacob Zuma who said ""You must remember that a man called Jan van Riebeeck arrived here on 6 April 1652, and that was the start of the trouble in this country,"" Former South African President Thabo Mbeki stated in one of his speeches to the nation that: """"South Africa belongs to everyone who lives in it. Black and White."""" The history of white people in South Africa dates back to the sixteenth century. Prior to 1994, a white minority held complete political power under a system of racial segregation called apartheid. Some white"
"on the 26th floor. In the new dispensation, under the ANC led government in 2015 the popular CR Swart Building was renamed the Fidel Castro Building. A statue of CR Swart at the University of the Free State was destroyed by protesting students in late February 2016. The highest peak in the remote Prince Edward Islands is State President Swart Peak. C. R. Swart Charles Robberts Swart, (5 December 1894 – 16 July 1982), nicknamed ""Blackie"" was a South African politician who served as the last Governor-General of Union of South Africa from 1959 to 1961 and the first State"
"served as post-Presidential office for Nelson Mandela. On 17 January 2015, La Grange stated on her official Twitter account that she felt that President Jacob Zuma was making white South Africans feel unwelcome in the country by saying that all of South Africa's problems started when Jan van Riebeeck arrived at the Cape in 1652. Her several tweets on the issue prompted a significant public backlash (with some coming out in Zelda's defence), including a reaction from Zuma, leading her to issue an apology later that day. Zelda La Grange Zelda la Grange (born 29 October 1970) is a former"
"Wouw and the architect Frans Soff did the design for the monument. Steyn has a descendant who practices as a lawyer in Johannesburg. His granddaughter was the well-known South African actress Nerina Ferreira. ""I would rather lose the independence of the Free State with honour than retain it with dishonour"". ""Stated before he dispatched the ultimatum (starting the Anglo-boer War) to the United Kingdom"". Martinus Theunis Steyn Martinus (or Marthinus) Theunis Steyn (2 October 1857 – 28 November 1916) was a South African lawyer, politician, and statesman, sixth and last president of the independent Orange Free State from 1896 to"
"Kgalema Motlanthe Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe (; born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who served as interim President of South Africa between 25 September 2008 and 9 May 2009, following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki. After the end of his presidency, Motlanthe was appointed as the Deputy President of South Africa by his successor, Jacob Zuma. Motlanthe served as Deputy President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 2007 until 2012, when he declined to run for a second term. At the 53rd National Conference of the African National Congress, Motlanthe ran for the position of President of"
"Marike de Klerk Marike de Klerk (29 March 1937 – 3 December 2001) was the First Lady of South Africa, as the wife of State President Frederik Willem de Klerk, from 1989-1994. She was also a politician of the former governing National Party in her own right. De Klerk was murdered in her Cape Town home in 2001. Marike was born into an upper-middle class Afrikaner family in Pretoria. Her father, Wilhelm Willemse, was an academic and writer. He was Professor of Social Pathology and Psychology at University of Pretoria. Marike met her future husband, F. W. de Klerk, at"
"Marthinus Wessel Pretorius Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (17 September 1819 – 19 May 1901) was the first president of the South African Republic, and also compiled the constitution of the Republic. After the death of his father, the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, in 1853, he was appointed as the Commandant-General of the ZAR (South African Republic) and moved from his farm Kalkheuwel, near Broederstroom, to the city of Potchefstroom. He was the last Head of State of Potchefstroom between 1853 and 1856. He was a South African Freemason. In an endeavor to establish a new town, he bought two farms named"
"The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994 and formed a Government of National Unity, consisting of the ANC, the National Party and Inkatha. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance"
"the Presidency. Facing a motion of no confidence in Parliament scheduled for 15 February, Jacob Zuma announced his resignation with immediate effect in a late night address on 14 February. Following Zuma's resignation, Acting President Cyril Ramaphosa of the ruling African National Congress was elected unopposed as President of South Africa by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.. He was sworn-in by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng at 5pm, 15 February 2018. In February 2018, the Parliament of South Africa passed a motion to review the property ownership clause of the constitution, to allow for the expropriation of land, in"