"or group committing itself irrevocably to a risky or revolutionary course of action, similar to the modern phrase ""passing the point of no return"". Caesar's decision for swift action forced Pompey, the lawful consuls (C. Claudius Marcellus and L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus), and a large part of the Roman Senate to flee Rome in fear. Caesar's subsequent victory in Caesar's Civil War ensured that he would never be punished for the infraction. Crossing the Rubicon Julius Caesar's crossing the Rubicon river was an event in 49 BC that precipitated the Roman Civil War, which ultimately led to Caesar becoming dictator"
"Rubicon was his last option, his last roll of the dice, as best illustrated by the timeless quote from Caesar: ""The die is cast."" McCullough points out that the translation of the alternative Greek version of his words is ""Let the dice fly high,"" which characterises not fatalism (as with the former) but rather risk-taking. The novels of the series are McCullough originally decided to end the series with ""The October Horse"" because in her opinion the ultimate fall of the Roman Republic took place after the Battle of Philippi, with the death of Caesar's assassins. However, most historians place"
"a returning general attempt a coup d'etat, this triggered the ensuing civil war between Caesar and Pompey. The general population, who regarded Caesar as a hero, approved of his actions. The historical records differ about which decisive comment Caesar made on crossing the Rubicon: one report is ""Alea iacta est"" (usually translated as ""The die is cast""). Caesar's march on Rome was a triumphal procession. The Senate, not knowing that Caesar possessed only a single legion, feared the worst and supported Pompey. Pompey declared that Rome could not be defended; he escaped to Capua with those politicians who supported him,"
"When asked of his work, the Red Death says to them, ""I called many...peasant and prince...the worthy and the dishonoured. Six only are left."" Among the surviving six are Francesca, Gino, Hop-Toad, Esmeralda, the little girl that the Red Death plays cards with and an old man from a nearby village. The Red Death declares ""Sic transit gloria mundi"" (Latin for ""Thus passes the glory of the world"") and the cloaked figures file offscreen in a grim procession. Over the procession are Poe's words: ""And darkness and decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all"". Roger Corman later"
"the Rubicon, launching the civil war that would end the Republic. The book opens with Cicero, Quintus and Atticus walking through the shaded groves at Cicero's Arpinum estate, when they happen across an old oak tree linked by legend to the general and consul Gaius Marius, who also was a native of Arpinum. Atticus questions whether or not it still exists, to which Quintus replies that so long as people remember the spot and the associations connected with it, the tree will exist regardless of its physical presence. This brings the trio into a discussion of the porous border between"
"power of his army. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason. On 10 January 49 BC Caesar crossed the Rubicon river (the frontier boundary of Italy) with only one legion and ignited civil war. Upon crossing the Rubicon, Plutarch reports that Caesar quoted the Athenian playwright Menander in Greek, saying ""anerrhiphthō kubos"" (ἀνερρίφθω κύβος; let the dice be tossed). Suetonius gives the Latin approximation ""alea iacta est"" (the die has been tossed). The Optimates, including Metellus Scipio and Cato the Younger, fled to the south, having little confidence in the newly raised troops especially since so many cities in northern"
"then crossed the Rubicon river with his veteran army, and marched towards Rome. Caesar's rapid advance forced Pompey, the Consuls and the senate to abandon Rome for Greece, and Caesar entered the city unopposed. The era that began when Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon in 49 BC, and ended when Octavian returned to Rome after the Battle of Actium in 29 BC, can be divided into two distinct units. The dividing line between these two units is the assassination of Caesar in March 44 BC, although from a constitutional standpoint, there was no clear dividing line between these two periods."
"Alea iacta est Caesar was said to have borrowed the phrase from Menander, his favourite Greek writer of comedy; the phrase appears in ""Ἀρρηφόρος"" (transliterated as ""Arrephoros"") (or possibly ""The Flute-Girl""), as quoted in ""Deipnosophistae"" , paragraph 8. Plutarch reports that these words were said in Greek: Suetonius, a contemporary of Plutarch writing in Latin, reports a similar phrase. Lewis and Short, citing Casaubon and Ruhnk, suggest that the text of Suetonius should read ""iacta alea esto"" (reading the imperative ""esto"" instead of ""est""), which they translate as ""Let the die be cast!"", or ""Let the game be ventured!"". This"
"not ""Roman"" in the traditional sense; he was quite self-conscious of this for his entire life. During this period in Roman history, if one was to be considered ""cultured"", it was necessary to be able to speak both Latin and Greek. The Roman upper class often preferred Greek to Latin in private correspondence, recognizing its more refined and precise expressions, and its greater subtlety and nuance. Knowledge about Greek culture and literature was extremely influential for upper-class Roman society. When crossing the Rubicon in 49 B.C., one of the most symbolic and infamous events in Roman history, Caesar is said"
"above it, which has now been lost, following the repositioning of the effigy to its current location against a wall. On an entablature on the wall behind the effigy, surmounted by the arms of Berkeley of Stoke Gifford (""Gules, a chevron ermine between ten crosses pattee argent""), is the following Latin inscription: Translated into English: “...Of the lord Richard de Berkeley, knight, in his death, a song of those admonishing: Though all men may desire to know my name and race, yet no man may desire to know my mind. If any one should take up the enquiry as to"
"the gods to settle the matter by way of an omen. Each twin sat on their respective hill and watched. First, Remus saw six birds and claimed the gods had chosen him. Then Romulus saw twelve birds and claimed that ""he"" was the chosen one. Livy's version has the twins come to blows over this and Remus is killed. He also cites the ""more common"" account, wherein Remus leaped over Romulus' wall and was killed by Romulus in a fit of rage. Afterwards, he declares: """"Sic deinde, quicumque alius transiliet moenia mea"""" (""So is it with anyone who leaps over"
"Bernini placed his equestrian statue of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great. It is meant to display the event, before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge when at Saxa Rubra north of Rome along the Tiber, Constantine sees a vision of the cross with the words In Hoc Signo Vinces (In this sign, you will conquer). The phrase appears prominently placed as a motto on a ribbon unfurled with a passion cross to its left, beneath a window over the Scala Regia, adjacent to the statue of Constantine. Emperors and other monarchs, having paid respects to the Pope, descended the"
"You Shall Conquer"", has been attributed to Emperor Constantine the Great, a Roman emperor noted for his tolerance of Christians. According to some historians, Constantine had a dream or vision of a flaming cross in the sky with this inscription on the day preceding his decisive victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge (October 28, 312). This victory led to his capturing Rome and convinced him of the importance of Christianity. In more recent years, ""town and gown"" relations have soured, and Holy Cross has had varying levels of disagreement with the surrounding residential College Hill community. The administration and"
"""a point of no return""; for example: Alea iacta est Caesar was said to have borrowed the phrase from Menander, his favourite Greek writer of comedy; the phrase appears in ""Ἀρρηφόρος"" (transliterated as ""Arrephoros"") (or possibly ""The Flute-Girl""), as quoted in ""Deipnosophistae"" , paragraph 8. Plutarch reports that these words were said in Greek: Suetonius, a contemporary of Plutarch writing in Latin, reports a similar phrase. Lewis and Short, citing Casaubon and Ruhnk, suggest that the text of Suetonius should read ""iacta alea esto"" (reading the imperative ""esto"" instead of ""est""), which they translate as ""Let the die be cast!"","
"above his rescuers by the knot. To abseil any further he would have had to raise himself enough to release the pressure on the knot and let it pass through his gear. Desperately, Kurz tried to move himself past the knot, but in vain. Facing the futility of his situation, he said only ""Ich kann nicht mehr"" (""I can't [go on] anymore"") and died. His body was later recovered by a German team. The tragic story became well known after publication of Heinrich Harrer's classic 1960 book ""The White Spider"" and was more recently covered by Joe Simpson's book (and"
"a ""legio tertiadecima gemina"" was in Babylon in Egypt, a strategic fortress on the Nile at the traditional border between Lower Egypt and Middle Egypt, under the command of the ""Comes limitis Aegypti"". Legio XIII Gemina Legio tertia decima Geminia, in English the 13th Twin Legion, also known as ""Legio tertia decima Gemina"", was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he famously crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in"
"the knot that joined the two ropes to pass through his carabiner. He tried for hours to reach his rescuers, who were just a few metres below him, desperately trying to move himself past the knot, but in vain. He then began to lose consciousness. One of the guides, climbing on another's shoulders, was able to touch the tip of Kurz's crampons with the head of his ice-axe but could not reach higher. Faced with the futility of his situation, he famously said only ""Ich kann nicht mehr"" (""I can't [go on] anymore"") and then died. His body was later"
"with the word ""nenikēkamen!"" (Attic: ; we've won!), whereupon he promptly died of exhaustion. Most accounts incorrectly attribute this story to Herodotus; actually, the story first appears in Plutarch's ""On the Glory of Athens"" in the 1st century AD, who quotes from Heracleides of Pontus's lost work, giving the runner's name as either Thersipus of Erchius or Eucles. Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) gives the same story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides). It should be noted that in some medieval codices of Herodotus the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta before the battle is given"
"professor at Le Havre and the Sorbonne, and Director of the French Academy in Rome, cites the phrase and writes in vivid and poetic detail of the gladiators' ""melancholy salutation"" as they parade past the emperor prior to entering the Colosseum. Following a review of the source material related to the AD 52 naumachia, Leon observes that the fighters were not gladiators but were convicted criminals sentenced to death. Their intended fate was ""occidioni"" (massacre, or slaughter). The lake had been surrounded with ""rafts"" to prevent a mass breakout and was surrounded by ""the crack soldiers of the praetorian guard,"
"pass. Failure means his own death and that of the besieged Thebans. The riddle was: ""What walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon and three at night?"". Oedipus answered: ""Man: as an infant, he crawls on all fours; as an adult, he walks on two legs and; in old age, he uses a walking stick"". Oedipus was the first to answer the riddle correctly and, having heard Oedipus' answer, the Sphinx was astounded and inexplicably killed herself by throwing herself into the sea. Oedipus thereby won the freedom of the Thebans, the kingdom of that city"
"modification to this quote, ""Ave, Caesar, moriturus te saluto!"" before collapsing on the floor of the Sheehan speakeasy in which he works. Written with optional macrons: . Classical Latin pronunciation: Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant ""Ave, Imperator, morituri te salutant"" (""Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die salute you"") is a well-known Latin phrase quoted in Suetonius, ""De Vita Caesarum"" (""The Life of the Caesars"", or ""The Twelve Caesars""). It was reportedly used during an event in AD 52 on Lake Fucinus by naumachiarii—captives and criminals fated to die fighting during mock naval encounters—in the presence of the emperor"
"demolish the bridge, leaving their enemies on the wrong side of the swollen Tiber. This poem contains the often-quoted lines: <poem>Then out spake brave Horatius, The Captain of the Gate: ""To every man upon this earth Death cometh soon or late. And how can man die better Than facing fearful odds, For the ashes of his fathers, And the temples of his Gods.""</poem> Lartius and Herminius regain the Roman side before the bridge falls, but Horatius is stranded, and jumps into the river still wearing his full armor. Macaulay writes, <poem>And when above the surges They saw his crest appear,"
"to remind him of their competition and want to know who is the bravest. Caesar angrily declares them simply all ""crazy"" and leaves. Vitalstatistix and Beefix laugh the incident off. They have to face the fact that they are all equally brave and, after a victory feast, part on good terms. On Goodreads, it has a score of 4.01 out of 5. Asterix in Belgium Asterix in Belgium () is the twenty-fourth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). It is noted as the last Asterix story from Goscinny, who died during"
"their guide. On the eve before the games, Asterix and Obelix visit Cacofonix in his cell and inform him of their intentions to free him and the gladiators. The next day, during the chariot races, Asterix and Obelix substitute themselves for an inebriated contestant, and win the race. As Cacofonix is put into the arena to be killed by the lions, he sings to the Romans, and thus frightens the lions into retreat; whereupon Caesar orders the gladiators' competition to begin. When Asterix, Obelix, and the gladiators introduce Caesar to their guessing-game, and Caesar insists on a martial contest, Asterix"
"arrow is removed, he would be unable to lead his army, but he might recover. El Cid obtains a promise from Ximena to leave the arrow, and so he chooses to ride out, dying or dead. King Alfonso comes to his bedside and asks for his forgiveness. Rodrigo dies, and his body is secured in a heroic riding pose, wearing his armor and cape, to an iron frame fitted to his saddle. With the resounding battle cry, ""For God, the Cid, and Spain!"", his body is sent out at the head of his army, with King Alfonso and Emir Al-Mu'tamin"
"Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant ""Ave, Imperator, morituri te salutant"" (""Hail, Emperor, those who are about to die salute you"") is a well-known Latin phrase quoted in Suetonius, ""De Vita Caesarum"" (""The Life of the Caesars"", or ""The Twelve Caesars""). It was reportedly used during an event in AD 52 on Lake Fucinus by naumachiarii—captives and criminals fated to die fighting during mock naval encounters—in the presence of the emperor Claudius. Suetonius reports that Claudius replied """"Aut non"""" (""or not""). Variant wordings include """"Ave Caesar"""" and """"Morituri te salutamus""""—the latter in the 1st person (""We who are about to die"
"Legio XIII Gemina Legio tertia decima Geminia, in English the 13th Twin Legion, also known as ""Legio tertia decima Gemina"", was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he famously crossed the Rubicon on January 10, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol was the lion. Legio XIII was levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC, before marching against the Belgae, in one of his early interventions in"
"novel, ""The Ides of March"", focuses on the period c. 69 BC to 44 BC as the Crisis. Pollio and Ronald Syme date the Crisis only from the time of Julius Caesar in 60 BC. Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon river, the northern boundary of Roman Italy, with his army in 49 BC, a flagrant violation of Roman law, has become the clichéd point of no return for the Republic, as noted in many books, including Tom Holland's """". The end of the Crisis can likewise either be dated from the assassination of Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC,"
"at that time. However, due to low viewing figures, AMC canceled ""Rubicon"" on November 11, 2010, stating that the show had been ""an opportunity to tell a rich and compelling story, and we're proud of the series. This was not an easy decision, but we are grateful to have had the opportunity to work with such a phenomenally talented and dedicated team."" The show's title references Caesar's 49 crossing of the Rubicon in northeastern Italy, an act of war against the Roman Republic. A press release by Bromell noted that the Roman senators ""were always afraid that the Roman army"
"was supposedly uttered by king Richard, and has been used as a battle cry ever since. The two kings looked for support, while the new Pope Innocent III, who wanted to set up a new crusade, pushed them to negotiate. The situation ended abruptly. During the siege of the castle of Châlus (Limousin) in 1199, Richard was hit by a crossbow bolt. He succumbed to his injuries a few days later, on April 6, forty-one years old and at the height of his glory. John Lackland succeeded his brother Richard. The succession was not unopposed: facing John was his nephew,"
"quotes Menander in the text ""Bad company corrupts good character"" (NIV) who probably derived this from Euripides (Socrates, ""Ecclesiastical History"", 3.16). ""He who labors diligently need never despair, for all things are accomplished by diligence and labor."" — Menander ""Ἀνερρίφθω κύβος"" (""anerriphtho kybos""), best known in English as ""the die is cast"" or ""the die has been cast"", from the mis-translated Latin """"iacta alea est"""" (itself better-known in the order """"Alea iacta est""""); a correct translation is ""let the die be cast"" (meaning ""let the game be ventured""). The Greek form was famously quoted by Julius Caesar upon committing his"
"murdered. In Rome, the tyrannical Maxentius consults the gods Jupiter, Apollo and Mars to be told that, ""the enemy of Rome will be defeated,"" while outside the city Lactantius tries to convince Constantine to convert to Christianity. Constantine initially dismisses Lactantius but, after seeing what appears to be a sign from the Christian god on the eve of the attack, he follows Lactantius' advice to adopt a Christian symbol. The two forces clash at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, where Maxentius is drowned in the Tiber as a bridge collapses and the victorious Constantine rides into Rome under the"
"Martyr, which ended with Justin's conviction and execution. According to Themistius, a 4th-century Roman philosopher and orator, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus Aurelius ""pulled Arrian and Rusticus away from their books, refusing to let them be mere pen-and-ink philosophers"" and escorted them from the study of Stoic philosophy ""to the general’s tent as well as to the speaker’s platform."" Themistius lumps Arrian and Rusticus together in recounting their military achievements: In their role as Roman generals, these men passed through the Caspian Gates, drove the Alani out of Armenia, and established boundaries for the Iberians and the Albani. For all these"