"petal per flower, namely the banner. The corolla of clovers tends to be monopetalous, as all five petals are often fused below to form a tube. To the contrary, plants in the Mimosoideae subfamily of legumes have the petals reduced, and have numerous stamens arranged in showy spikes. In the Caesalpinioideae subfamily of legumes the upper petal is initially enveloped by the lateral petals, before the petals unfold to assume a radial five-fold symmetry. Papilionaceous flower Papilionaceous flowers (from Latin: ""papilion"", a butterfly) are flowers with the characteristic irregular and butterfly-like corolla found in many, though not all, plants of"
"a membranous sheath at its base, that envelops the single, superior pistil in a tube. The tube divides into nine filaments, which trace the base of the keel petals that enclose them. The single free filament lies above them. In ""Smithia"" the two sets are equal, with 5 stamens in each. Many papilionaceous flowers however have ten distinct stamens. Genera that conform to the latter morphology include ""Sophora"", ""Anagyris"", ""Cercis"", ""Daviesia"", ""Dillwynia"", ""Gompholobium"", ""Mirbelia"" and ""Pultenaea"". Charles Darwin observed that the fertility of plants with papilionaceous flowers depend to an important extent on visits by bees, and it is accepted"
"like dead animals, often called Carrion flowers, including ""Rafflesia"", the titan arum, and the North American pawpaw (""Asimina triloba""). Flowers pollinated by night visitors, including bats and moths, are likely to concentrate on scent to attract pollinators and most such flowers are white. Other flowers use mimicry to attract pollinators. Some species of orchids, for example, produce flowers resembling female bees in color, shape, and scent. Male bees move from one such flower to another in search of a mate. Many flowers have close relationships with one or a few specific pollinating organisms. Many flowers, for example, attract only one"
"carcasses, leading to their popular name of Carrion Flowers. However, not all stapeliads smell bad, or attract flies. Some species use beetles, bees, wasps, butterflies or moths as pollinators. Stapeliad flowers range in size from mere millimetres in species of ""Echidnopsis"" and ""Pseudolithos"" to those of ""Stapelia gigantea"" that can reach 40 cm/16"" in diameter, and are some the largest of flowers to be found on any species of succulent. Stapeliae The genera of plants within the tribe Stapeliae are all to varying degrees stem succulents. Many of the species resemble cacti, though are not closely related, as an example"
"are actinomorphic (radially symmetrical) with four petals that may be notched. These are usually smallish and pink in most species, but red, orange or yellow in a few. The fruit is a slender cylindrical capsule containing numerous seeds embedded in fine, soft silky fluff which disperses the seeds very effectively in the wind. A number of ""Epilobium"" species with slightly asymmetrical (zygomorphic) magenta flowers and alternate leaves were placed in a ""Chamaenerion"" group, and have been separated by some authorities into the genus ""Chamerion"". However, ""Chamerion"" has not been universally accepted and there is now emerging consensus that this group"
"of rotten flesh. The color of the flowers also mimics rotting meat. This attracts scavenging flies, for pollination. The flowers in some species can be very large, notably ""Stapelia gigantea"" can reach 30 cm (12 inches) in diameter. In North America, the herbaceous vines of the genus ""Smilax"" are known as carrion flowers. These plants have a cluster of small greenish flowers. The most familiar member of this groups is ""Smilax herbacea"". These plants are sometimes placed in the genus ""Nemexia"". Orchids of the genus Bulbophyllum produce flowers which smell of rotting meat. The flowers produce various odors resembling sap,"
"pollen. Well-known plant genera in the Faboideae which exhibit this corolla morphology include beans, peas, sweet peas, alfalfa (lucerne), clovers, lupines, smoke trees, black locusts, locoweeds and coral trees. The flowers of coral trees are diadelphous and are considered papilionaceous, but the wings are much reduced, suggesting a flower with three petals. Their keel petals are elongate, fused together and sometimes tubular to facilitate pollination by certain bird groups, while secondary compounds in their nectar seem to repel bees. The false indigo genus, though belonging to the Faboideae, does not exhibit a papilionaceous corolla morphology, as it has only one"
"attract pollinators. In the Caesalpinioideae, the flowers are often zygomorphic, as in ""Cercis"", or nearly symmetrical with five equal petals in ""Bauhinia"". The upper petal is the innermost one, unlike in the Faboideae. Some species, like some in the genus ""Senna"", have asymmetric flowers, with one of the lower petals larger than the opposing one, and the style bent to one side. The calyx, corolla, or stamens can be showy in this group. In the Mimosoideae, the flowers are actinomorphic and arranged in globose inflorescences. The petals are small and the stamens, which can be more than just 10, have"
"species may still exhibit some degree of sexual dimorphism. It is common in many species of Caricaceae. Like Bakerian mimicry, Dodsonian mimicry is a form of reproductive floral mimicry, but the model belongs to a different species than the mimic. The name refers to Calaway H. Dodson. By providing similar sensory signals as the model flower, it can lure its pollinators. Like Bakerian mimics, no nectar is provided. ""Epidendrum ibaguense"" (Orchidaceae) resembles flowers of ""Lantana camara"" and ""Asclepias curassavica"", and is pollinated by monarch butterflies and perhaps hummingbirds. Similar cases are seen in some other species of the same family."
"petal-like in many species. The ovary is ovoid with a single loculus containing a solitary ovule. The style is lateral, bearing a mop-like stigma that fills the mouth of the calyx-tube. The calyx is persistent and encloses the fruit except in species such as ""Passerina ericoides"", in which the fruit is berry-like and expands until it protrudes out of the tube. A flower bears eight stamens of unequal length, the longest being the length of the calyx-lobes, but all protrude out of the calyx. The flowers lack of any noticeable scent, their protruding stamens, and their mop-like stigmata suggest their"
"Crepis Crepis, commonly known in some parts of the world as hawksbeard or hawk's-beard (but not to be confused with the related genus ""Hieracium"" with a similar common name), is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants of the family Asteraceae superficially resembling the dandelion, the most conspicuous difference being that ""Crepis"" usually has branching scapes with multiple heads (though solitary heads can occur). The genus name ""Crepis"" derives from the Greek ""krepis"", meaning ""slipper"" or ""sandal"", possibly in reference to the shape of the fruit. The genus is distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and Africa, and several plants"
"Nymphoides Nymphoides, or floatingheart, is a genus of aquatic flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae. The genus name refers to their resemblance to the water lily ""Nymphaea"". ""Nymphoides"" are aquatic plants with submerged roots and floating leaves that hold the small flowers above the water surface. Flowers are sympetalous, most often divided into five lobes (petals). The petals are either yellow or white, and may be adorned with lateral wings or covered in small hairs. The inflorescence consists of either an umbellate cluster of flowers or a lax raceme, with internodes occurring between generally paired flowers. Species of ""Nymphoides"" are"
"unique floral structures. The carpels and stamens are surrounded by scale-like lodicules and two bracts, the lemma and the palea, but genetic evidence and morphology suggest that lodicules are homologous to eudicot petals. The palea and lemma may be homologous to sepals in other groups, or may be unique grass structures. Another example is that of ""Linaria vulgaris"", which has two kinds of flower symmetries-radial and bilateral. These symmetries are due to epigenetic changes in just one gene called ""CYCLOIDEA"". ""Arabidopsis thaliana"" has a gene called ""AGAMOUS"" that plays an important role in defining how many petals and sepals and"
"Carrion flower Carrion flowers, also known as corpse flowers or stinking flowers, are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen. Many plants in the genus ""Amorphophallus"" (family Araceae) are known as carrion flowers. One such plant is the Titan arum (""Amorphophallus titanum""), which has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or compound flower composed of a spadix or stalk of small and"
"to about 150. The family has traditionally been considered closely related to the Verbenaceae; in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in the Verbenaceae should be classified in the Lamiaceae or to other families in the order Lamiales. The alternate family name Labiatae refers to the fact that the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip ("""" in Latin). The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united petals and five united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists"
"The normal form of the sepals can be found in ""Cattleya"", where they form a triangle. In ""Paphiopedilum"" (Venus slippers), the lower two sepals are fused into a synsepal, while the lip has taken the form of a slipper. In ""Masdevallia"", all the sepals are fused. Orchid flowers with abnormal numbers of petals or lips are called peloric. Peloria is a genetic trait, but its expression is environmentally influenced and may appear random. Orchid flowers primitively had three stamens, but this situation is now limited to the genus ""Neuwiedia"". ""Apostasia"" and the Cypripedioideae have two stamens, the central one being"
"many colours, and are similar in structure to the flowers of a related carnivorous genus, ""Pinguicula"". The flowers of aquatic varieties like ""U. vulgaris"" are often described as similar to small yellow snapdragons, and the Australian species ""U. dichotoma"" can produce the effect of a field full of violets on nodding stems. The epiphytic species of South America, however, are generally considered to have the showiest, as well as the largest, flowers. It is these species that are frequently compared with orchids. Certain plants in particular seasons might produce closed, self-pollinating (""cleistogamous"") flowers; but the same plant or species might"
"Aquilegia Aquilegia (common names: granny's bonnet, columbine) is a genus of about 60–70 species of perennial plants that are found in meadows, woodlands, and at higher altitudes throughout the Northern Hemisphere, known for the spurred petals of their flowers. The genus name ""Aquilegia"" is derived from the Latin word for eagle (""aquila""), because of the shape of the flower petals, which are said to resemble an eagle's claw. The common name ""columbine"" comes from the Latin for ""dove"", due to the resemblance of the inverted flower to five doves clustered together. The leaves of this plant are compound and the"
"the bloom from the glands of the ovary, which is where the flower forms a tube-like end. In some species there is no such end and the plant only provides pollen to pollinating insects. The ovary is 3-locular. It contains many seeds with different vision in the different members. Sometimes the seed has a fine delicate coat like ""Gladiolus"" and in other cases it is black and with a hard coat as ""Babiana"". It is often pellet-like, sometimes circular or semi-circular. Many species of this group are among the best-known ornamental plants in the gardens or in pots. Some good"
"(cataphyll) are papyraceous, colourless or violaceous (""Zoellnerallium""). They may or may not have a garlic like odour. The leaves are large, with membranous sheaths, usually forming an underground neck. The leaf lamina is flat, green, and glaucous, glabrous or papillose. The inflorescence may be pauciflor (""Ipheion"", ""Beauverdia"", rarely ""Tristagma"") or pluriflor (up to 30). The spathe is formed by a single bifid membranous bract (""Ipheion"") or from two papyraceous bracts partially fused at the base. The pedicels, which are not articulated at the receptacles, are papilose or glabrous. The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic, the perianth corolla like, with 6"
"on the flower, the labellum is pulled down by the insect's weight. As it moves up the labellum, that organ tips the insect against the column where the wasp contacts the sexual parts and either picks up or deposits pollinia. Many such orchids are only attractive to one species of insect. Sometimes hybrids between female-mimicking and food-attracting species occur as in the case of ""C. patersonii"" which has the odour of fermentation. ""C. patersonii"" attracts several insect species, and forms hybrids with insect-mimicking species including ""C. lobata"" and ""C. dilatata"". In some caladenias, the sepal and petals (apart from the"
"have similar vegetative appearance and only can be positively identified by their flowers. Three species are unique: ""Miltonia flavescens"" has the most narrow flowers, almost star shaped, with all segments of straw color with some purple bots on the base of petals and sepals which are more intense on the labellum almost forming stripes; ""Miltonia candida"" is the only species with a labellum that embraces the column in a way that reminds the ""Cattleya"" species; ""Miltonia russelliana"" is the less showy of ""Miltonia"" species because its sepals and petals do not really open, being always bent over the column, revealing"
"Dimethyl sulfides, including disulfide and trisulfide have been detected in ""Amorphophallus"". Carrion flower Carrion flowers, also known as corpse flowers or stinking flowers, are flowers that emit an odor that smells like rotting flesh. Carrion flowers attract mostly scavenging flies and beetles as pollinators. Some species may trap the insects temporarily to ensure the gathering and transfer of pollen. Many plants in the genus ""Amorphophallus"" (family Araceae) are known as carrion flowers. One such plant is the Titan arum (""Amorphophallus titanum""), which has the world's largest unbranched inflorescence. Rather than a single flower, the titan arum presents an inflorescence or"
"the inside, with a deeply furrowed texture. The spadix is hollow and resembles a large loaf of French bread. Near the bottom of the spadix, hidden from view inside the sheath of the spathe, the spadix bears two rings of small flowers. The upper ring bears the male flowers, the lower ring is spangled with bright red-orange carpels. The ""fragrance"" of the titan arum resembles rotting meat, attracting carrion-eating beetles and flesh flies (family Sarcophagidae) that pollinate it. The inflorescence's deep red color and texture contribute to the illusion that the spathe is a piece of meat. During bloom, the"
"Faboideae The Faboideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family. This subfamily is widely distributed, and members are adapted to a wide variety of environments. Faboideae may be trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. Members include the pea, the sweet pea, the laburnum, and other legumes. The flowers are classically pea-shaped, and root nodulation is very common. The type genus, ""Faba"", is a synonym of ""Vicia"", and is listed here as ""Vicia"". Modern molecular phylogenetics recommend"
"colored in shades of purple, maroon, green, or yellow. They imitate carrion and sometimes release such smell - flies visiting the flowers function as pollinators. The Stemonaceae, also referred to as the Roxburghiaceae, were once placed in a separate order, the Stemonales, or the Dioscoreales, sister order to the Pandanales. Also ""Croomia"" had been treated within its own family, Croomiaceae. The Stemonaceae family is sister to other two families in the Pandanales that together form a clade - these are Cyclanthaceae and Pandanaceae. ""Pentastemona"" diverged first from the family, so is a sister clade to the rest of it. Actually,"
"or purplish flowers in diameter. The flowers are held on an upright, narrow but fleshy stalk, blend in with their surrounding and often resemble mosquitoes. The sepals are longer than the petals and usually have a long, thin extension on their end. The dorsal sepal is broader than the lateral ones and sometimes forms a hood over the column. The lateral sepals project forward beneath the labellum and the petals spread widely or curve backwards against the ovary. The labellum is heart-shaped and has a prominent callus. The fruit is a thin-walled, glabrous capsule, containing a large number of winged"
"Columnea Columnea is a genus of ca. 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the flowering plant family Gesneriaceae, native to tropical America and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – usually red, yellow, or orange – sometimes resembling a fish in shape. A common name is flying goldfish plants (see also the related ""Nematanthus"") due to the unusual flower shape. The generic name ""Columnea"" was named by Carl Linnaeus after the Latinized spelling of the name of the 16th-century Italian botanist Fabio Colonna (Latin: ""Fabius Columnus""). The segregate genus ""Bucinellina"""
"apparent as members of the same species may still exhibit some degree of sexual dimorphism, i.e. the phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. It is common in many species of Caricaceae, a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America, and Africa. Dodsonian mimicry, named after American botanist, orchidologist, and taxonomist, Calaway H. Dodson, is a form of reproductive floral mimicry, but the model belongs to a different species than the mimic. By providing similar sensory signals as the model flower, it can lure its pollinators."
"Pleione (plant) Pleione (peacock orchid) is a small genus of predominantly terrestrial but sometimes epiphytic or lithophytic, miniature orchids. This genus is named after Pleione, mother of the Pleiades (in Greek mythology), and comprises about 20 species. Other common names of this genus include glory of the east, Himalayan crocus, Indian crocus and windowsill orchid. The genus ""Diploconchium"" is generally included here. ""Pleione"" is abbreviated to Pln in trade journals. ""Pleione"" is named after the water-nymph Pleione of Greek mythology. ""Pleione"" is distributed in the mountains and foothills of the Himalayas, India, Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam,"
"but sometimes as a mirror image. Most flowers are large and colourful, except for Medeoleae. Both the petals and sepals are usually similar and appear as two concentric groups (whorls) of 'petals', that are often striped or multi-coloured, and produce nectar at their bases. The stamens are usually in two groups of three (trimerous) and the pollen has a single groove (monosulcate). The ovary is placed above the attachment of the other parts (superior). There are three fused carpels (syncarpus) with one to three chambers (locules), a single style and a three-lobed stigma. The embryo sac is of the ""Fritillaria"""
"are approximately 50 species of ""Nymphoides"", including: Pantropical: Africa: North America: Central and South America: Eurasia: Asia: Asia and Australia: Australia: Nymphoides Nymphoides, or floatingheart, is a genus of aquatic flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae. The genus name refers to their resemblance to the water lily ""Nymphaea"". ""Nymphoides"" are aquatic plants with submerged roots and floating leaves that hold the small flowers above the water surface. Flowers are sympetalous, most often divided into five lobes (petals). The petals are either yellow or white, and may be adorned with lateral wings or covered in small hairs. The inflorescence consists of"
"scent and color. Still other flowers use mimicry to attract pollinators. Some species of orchids, for example, produce flowers resembling female bees in color, shape, and scent. Flowers are also specialized in shape and have an arrangement of the stamens that ensures that pollen grains are transferred to the bodies of the pollinator when it lands in search of its attractant (such as nectar, pollen, or a mate). In pursuing this attractant from many flowers of the same species, the pollinator transfers pollen to the stigmas—arranged with equally pointed precision—of all of the flowers it visits. Anemophilous flowers use the"