"specialists, conducted as part of project TICOM, tend to support the view that the Germans were well aware that the un-steckered Enigma was theoretically solvable, but thought that the steckered Enigma had not been solved. The term ""crib"" was used at Bletchley Park to denote any ""known plaintext"" or ""suspected plaintext"" at some point in an enciphered message. Britain's Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS), before its move to Bletchley Park, had realised the value of recruiting mathematicians and logicians to work in codebreaking teams. Alan Turing, a Cambridge University mathematician with an interest in cryptology and in machines for"
"academic, rising to become Dean of the Faculty of Arts at Leicester University. Like many of those who served at Bletchley Park, he was never awarded a medal, and never discussed his work. Willson's work at Bletchley Park was featured in the 2011 Channel 5 documentary ""Hero in my Family in 2011"", in which his son Quentin Willson commented: Bernard Willson Harold Bernard Willson (25 February 1919 – 1994) was a British linguist and noted academic, who during World War II was the first person to decrypt the Italian Navy Hagelin C-38 code machine. He is the father of television"
"British Computer Scientist, Alan Turing in 1950 who also worked on cracking the Enigma Machine code at Bletchley Park which was instrumental in the Battle of the Atlantic. Julian Peck's (who resided at Prehen House in Derry) mother, Lady Winifred Peck (née Knox), was a sister of Dilly Knox who directed the code breaking at Bletchley Park. Sir Harry Hinsley OBE was Director of Studies at Cambridge University to Professor Robert Gavin, a former Provost of Magee. Dame Alice Rosemary Murray, the first female Vice-Chancellor of the Cambridge University, who also sat on the John Lockwood (classicist) Committee (1963–65) which"
"Romania. From there they reached Paris, France; at PC Bruno, near Paris, they continued breaking Enigma, collaborating with British cryptologists at Bletchley Park as the British got up to speed on breaking Enigma. In due course, the British cryptographers - whose ranks included many chess masters and mathematics dons such as Gordon Welchman, Max Newman, and Alan Turing (the conceptual founder of modern computing) - substantially advanced the scale and technology of Enigma decryption. German code breaking in World War II also had some success, most importantly by breaking the Naval Cypher No. 3. This enabled them to track and"
"Margaret Rock Margaret Rock (7 July 1903 – 26 August 1983) was one of the few women mathematicians who worked in Bletchley Park during World War II. With her math skills and education, Rock was able to decode the Enigma Machine against the German Army. Her work during the war was classified by the Official Secrets Act 1939, so much of her work was not revealed during her lifetime. Rock was born and raised in Hammersmith, London to parents of Frank Ernest Rock and Alice Margaret Simmonds. Rock attended Edmonton elementary and North Middlesex School. Rock's father served in the"
"Keith Batey Keith Batey (4 July 1919 – 28 August 2010) was a codebreaker who, with his wife, Mavis Batey (5 May 1921 – 12 November 2013), worked on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War II. Keith Batey was at Carlisle Grammar School and went on to study mathematics at Trinity College, Cambridge, under a state scholarship, where he met Gordon Welchman, who would later assemble a group of code-breakers for Bletchley Park at the outbreak of the war. Batey was recruited by Welchman in 1940 and worked in Hut Six, which was responsible for breaking"
"Lord Grey Academy Lord Grey Academy is a comprehensive co-educational Academy in West Bletchley, Milton Keynes. Lord Grey has four school houses: Lorenz, Enigma, Colossus and Turing, whose names relate to World War II code-breaking work at Bletchley Park. The first two of the house names refer to German enciphering machines and the third to the world's first programmable electronic digital computer that helped 'crack' their codes. Alan Turing was a British scientist at Bletchley Park who developed the principles that led to the creation of Colossus. He also laid the groundwork for modern computing and artificial intelligence. Lord Grey"
"him in later life as a sort of Bertrand Russell character – with a mane of silver hair, penetrating blue eyes, a quizzical look, and an immediate enthusiasm for any discussion or argument or challenge. Neil Leslie Webster Neil Leslie Webster (7 November 1906 – 1990) was an army Major who worked in intelligence in World War II. He was a key figure in radio intelligence and cryptography who worked in the Fusion Room at Bletchley Park and was closely involved in the hunt for ""cribs"" for the Enigma machine. Before the war he worked as a literary agent and"
"that ""his superior technical competence and analytic insight have served as a stimulus to everyone with whom he came into contact. His engaging personality, diplomacy and tact have endeared him to us all"". He retired from GCHQ around 1974 and returned to teaching, tutoring and coaching students in mathematics. Leslie Yoxall Albert Leslie Yoxall (18 May 1914 – 30 September 2005) was a British codebreaker at Bletchley Park during World War II. He devised a method to assist in solving Enigma messages which was dubbed Yoxallismus. After the war he worked at GCHQ until the mid-1970s. Yoxall was born in"
"was applied to the construction of traction engines for agricultural use and the site of the present Cofferidge Close was engaged in their manufacture. Bletchley Park is a former private estate located in Old Bletchley and modern Museum of Cryptography. Conveniently located at the junction of the Varsity Line with the West Coast Main Line, Bletchley Park, code-named ""Station X"", was the location of the Allied main code-breaking establishment during World War II. Codes and ciphers of several Axis powers were deciphered there, most famously the German Enigma. Colossus, the world's first programmable electronic digital computer was put to work"
"Geoffrey Timms Dr Geoffrey Timms OBE FRSE (1903–1982) was a 20th century British mathematician and cryptoanalyst. In the Second World War he was one of the several mathematicians working alongside Alan Turing at Bletchley Park breaking the Enigma code. He was born in Bradford on 16 February 1903, son of Frederick Timms (1865-1947), Managing Director of a rope company, and Clara Louisa Barraclough (1867-1946). Both his parents were from Leeds. He studied Mathematics at the University of Leeds graduating MA in 1925, then did postgraduate studies at Cambridge University, gaining his doctorate (PhD) in 1928. In 1929 he began lecturing"
"Neil Leslie Webster Neil Leslie Webster (7 November 1906 – 1990) was an army Major who worked in intelligence in World War II. He was a key figure in radio intelligence and cryptography who worked in the Fusion Room at Bletchley Park and was closely involved in the hunt for ""cribs"" for the Enigma machine. Before the war he worked as a literary agent and after it as a civil servant for the Central Office of Information. Neil Webster was born on 7 November 1906 in his grandparents' home, in Merionethshire, Wales. The Websters were a Scottish family, many of"
"Leslie Yoxall Albert Leslie Yoxall (18 May 1914 – 30 September 2005) was a British codebreaker at Bletchley Park during World War II. He devised a method to assist in solving Enigma messages which was dubbed Yoxallismus. After the war he worked at GCHQ until the mid-1970s. Yoxall was born in Salford, and was the youngest out of four brothers. His father died young in a tramway accident. Leslie Yoxall was educated at Manchester Grammar School from 1925 and Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge from 1933, graduating with first-class honours. He received his doctorate in 1941. On the outbreak of war,"
"on his war work while his wife Mavis became much better known, cooperating with a number of books and television series, including ""Station X"", the book of which went on to become a UK number-one bestseller. They advised actors Kate Winslet and Dougray Scott on what it was like to be a codebreaker at Bletchley for the Hollywood film ""Enigma"" (2001). The Bateys demonstrated how the Abwehr Enigma machine worked during a visit by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall to Bletchley Park in 2008. Keith Batey Keith Batey (4 July 1919 – 28 August 2010) was a codebreaker"
"of GCHQ. In 2017, he contributed a chapter to ""The Turing Guide"" on the German WWII Enigma machine. Joel Greenberg Joel Greenberg (born 1946) is an educational technology consultant and historian on the role of Bletchley Park in World War Two. Greenberg gained a PhD degree in numerical mathematics from the University of Manchester (UMIST) in 1973. For over 33 years, he worked for the Open University and held a number of director-level management positions. He lectures and writes about Bletchley Park and its role in World War II. He also conducts tours of the site. He is author of"
"College London and became an ACM SIGCHI Academy member in 2004. Newman was born 21 May 1939 at Comberton, near Cambridge, England. He is the second son of Max Newman, the distinguished mathematician and World War II codebreaker who worked at Bletchley Park, Manchester University and Cambridge University. William's mother was Lyn Irvine, a writer linked with the Bloomsbury Group. For many years William was unaware of his father's important work at the Bletchley Park WWII codebreaking centre because it was protected under the Official Secrets Act until at least in the mid-1970s. However, in later life he took a"
"included his work in his lectures and described him as one of the most brilliant mathematicians of his time. The Indian Civil Service was an attractive proposition for the brightest Cambridge graduates in the 1890s. Archibald sat the examinations on graduation in 1895 and came second, only being beaten by Julius Mathison Turing, father of the famous Alan Turing FRS (the cryptologist who led the team who broke the Enigma code at Bletchley Park in the Second World War). Alan Turing’s biography mentions that his father was always bitter that Archibald Campbell had been promoted more quickly than he had"
"John Herivel John William Jamieson Herivel (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) was a British science historian and former World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park. As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for the discovery of what was soon dubbed the Herivel tip or Herivelismus. Herivelismus consisted of the idea, the Herivel tip and the method of establishing whether it applied using the Herivel square. It was based on Herivel's insight into the habits of German operators of the Enigma cipher machine that allowed Bletchley Park to easily deduce part of the"
"in Sackville Park, between the University of Manchester building on Whitworth Street and Canal Street. The memorial statue depicts the ""father of computer science"" sitting on a bench at a central position in the park. Turing is shown holding an apple. The cast bronze bench carries in relief the text 'Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954', and the motto 'Founder of Computer Science' as it could appear if encoded by an Enigma machine: 'IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ'. However, the meaning of the coded message is disputed, as the 'u' in 'computer' matches up with the 'u' in 'ADXUO'. As a letter"
"2016, a blue plaque was unveiled by his daughter, Susanna Griffiths, at St Mary's Church, Fishponds, in Bristol. Speaking at the event, the Director of GCHQ Robert Hannigan acknowledged the harsh treatment of Welchman and paid tribute to his ""immense contribution"" as a ""giant of his era"". Gordon Welchman William Gordon Welchman (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1985) was an English mathematician, university professor, Second World War codebreaker at Bletchley Park and author. After the war he moved to the US, and later took American citizenship. Gordon Welchman was born, the youngest of three children, at Fishponds in Bristol,"
"Joan Clarke Joan Elisabeth Lowther Murray, MBE (""née"" Clarke; 24 June 1917 – 4 September 1996) was an English cryptanalyst and numismatist best known for her work as a code-breaker at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Though she did not personally seek the spotlight, her role in the Enigma project that decrypted Nazi Germany's secret communications earned her awards and citations, such as appointment as a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), in 1946. Joan Elisabeth Lowther Clarke was born on 24 June 1917 in West Norwood, London, England. She was the youngest child of"
"breaking Enigma ciphers during the war, by speeding up the search for current wheel order settings being used with the Enigma machines. Wheel order settings were changed often, initially at least once per day. Welchman was head of Hut Six, the section at Bletchley Park responsible for breaking German Army and Air Force Enigma ciphers. During his time at Bletchley, Welchman opposed engineer Tommy Flowers' efforts on the Colossus computer (the world's first programmable electronic computer) because Colossus used vacuum tubes. In 1943, he became assistant director in charge of mechanisation and also had responsibility for cryptographic liaison with the"
"has named the spoken performance prize the Patrick Alexander Memorial Award. He died in Fitzroy, Victoria. His papers are held by the State Library of Victoria, and include two travel diaries belonging to the writer Una Maud Lyle Smyth. Patrick Alexander (poet) Patrick Macgillicuddy Alexander (20 March 1940 – 21 September 2005) was an Irish-born poet who settled in Australia. Alexander was the son of Hugh Alexander, the Anglo-Irish mathematician famed for his work on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War II. Born in Dublin, Dublin (County), Ireland he studied to be an actor at the"
"John R.F. Jeffreys John Robert Fisher Jeffreys (25 January 1916 – 13 January 1944) was a British mathematician and World War II codebreaker. A research fellow at Downing College, Cambridge, Jeffreys joined the codebreaking efforts at Bletchley Park in September 1939 alongside fellow Cambridge mathematicians Gordon Welchman, with whom he had previously worked closely, and Alan Turing. These three, together with Peter Twinn and working under Dilly Knox, formed the research section working on the German Enigma machine, and were housed in ""The Cottage"" at Bletchley Park. Jeffreys was put in charge of a small section manufacturing perforated sheets for"
"mathematician and theoretician. During WWII, Turing worked at Bletchley Park and was one of the major architects of the Colossus computer, designed to break the Enigma codes of the Nazi war machine. For the success of this, he received the Order of the British Empire in 1945. Unfortunately, in spite of all his brilliance and the services rendered to his country, Turing was also openly homosexual and in the early 1950s this fact came to the attention of the British government when he was arrested under section 11 of an 1885 statute of ""gross indecency"". At the time there was"
"equipment, which they could not meet. On 25 July 1939, the Polish Cipher Bureau handed reconstructed Enigma machines and their techniques for decrypting ciphers to the French and British. Gordon Welchman wrote, At Bletchley Park, some of the key people responsible for success against Enigma included mathematicians Alan Turing and Hugh Alexander and, at the British Tabulating Machine Company, chief engineer Harold Keen. After the war, interrogation of German cryptographic personnel, led to the conclusion that German cryptanalysts understood that cryptanalytic attacks against Enigma were possible but were thought to require impracticable amounts of effort and investment. The Poles' early"
"Gordon Welchman William Gordon Welchman (15 June 1906 – 8 October 1985) was an English mathematician, university professor, Second World War codebreaker at Bletchley Park and author. After the war he moved to the US, and later took American citizenship. Gordon Welchman was born, the youngest of three children, at Fishponds in Bristol, to William Welchman (1866–1954) and Elizabeth Marshall Griffith. William was a Church of England priest who had been a missionary overseas before returning to England as a country vicar, eventually becoming archdeacon of Bristol. Elizabeth was the daughter of another priest, the Revd Edward Moule Griffith. Welchman"
"Patrick Alexander (poet) Patrick Macgillicuddy Alexander (20 March 1940 – 21 September 2005) was an Irish-born poet who settled in Australia. Alexander was the son of Hugh Alexander, the Anglo-Irish mathematician famed for his work on the German Enigma machine at Bletchley Park during World War II. Born in Dublin, Dublin (County), Ireland he studied to be an actor at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA) in London and moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1960. He remained there, except for nine years in Sydney in the late sixties and early seventies. During his time in Sydney he began submitting"
"at Bletchley Park. After the war he resumed studies at Magdalen College, Oxford. A lecture on feedback control by Norbert Wiener, regarded as the originator of cybernetics, proved to be a great influence on Foster's research. Upon completing his PhD at Magdalen, he accepted an offer to lecture on his research at the University of Manchester, where he met Alan Turing, a Bletchley Park veteran who became known as the father of computer science. Turing introduced him to the ""Manchester Mark I"" computer and enlisted his help working on it. In 1952 Foster joined the faculty of the London School"
"Allen Coombs Allen William Mark (Doc) Coombs (23 October 1911 – 30 January 1995) was a British electronics engineer at the Post Office Research Station, Dollis Hill. He was one of the principal designers of the Mark II or production version of the Colossus computer used at Bletchley Park for codebreaking in World War II, and took over leadership of the project when Tommy Flowers moved on to other projects. Later, he headed the scientific side of R14, the division working on optical character recognition for postal mechanisation, which moved to the new BT Research Centre at Martlesham in Suffolk."
"the UK. During the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre that produced Ultra intelligence. For a time he led Hut 8, the section that was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Here he devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German ciphers, including improvements to the pre-war Polish bombe method, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine. Turing played a pivotal role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial engagements, including the"
"formalism and Wittgenstein propounding his view that mathematics does not discover any absolute truths, but rather invents them. During the Second World War, Turing was a leading participant in the breaking of German ciphers at Bletchley Park. The historian and wartime codebreaker Asa Briggs has said, ""You needed exceptional talent, you needed genius at Bletchley and Turing's was that genius."" From September 1938, Turing had been working part-time with the GC&CS, the British codebreaking organisation. He concentrated on cryptanalysis of the Enigma with Dilly Knox, a senior GC&CS codebreaker. Soon after the July 1939 Warsaw meeting at which the Polish"
"encoded by an enigma machine can not appear as itself, the actual message behind the code is uncertain. A plaque at the statue's feet reads 'Father of computer science, mathematician, logician, wartime codebreaker, victim of prejudice'. There is also a Bertrand Russell quotation: ""Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty—a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture."" The sculptor buried his own old Amstrad computer under the plinth as a tribute to ""the godfather of all modern computers"". In 1999, ""Time"" magazine named Turing as one of the and stated, ""The fact remains that everyone who"