"documents of the FVEY have shown that they are intentionally spying on one another's citizens and sharing the collected information with each other in order to circumvent restrictive domestic regulations on spying. As a result of Snowden's disclosures, the FVEY alliance has become the subject of a growing amount of controversy in parts of the world: Since the addition of two members in 1956, the specific Five Eyes consist of Australia (accepted 1956), Canada (accepted 1948), New Zealand (accepted 1956), the United Kingdom (co-creator 1946), and the United States (co-creator 1946). Further, there is a group of nations termed '3rd"
"intelligence collection and analysis in different parts of the globe. The ""Five Eyes"", often abbreviated as ""FVEY"", refer to an intelligence alliance comprising Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are bound by the multilateral UKUSA Agreement, a treaty for joint cooperation in signals intelligence. Australia monitors South Asia and East Asia. Canada's geographical proximity to the Soviet Union provided considerable eavesdropping advantages during the Cold War. Canada continues to monitor the Russian and Chinese interior while managing intelligence assets in Latin America. In addition to Southeast Asia, New Zealand is responsible for the"
"by the United Kingdom and the United States. In the following years, it was extended to encompass Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Other countries, known as ""third parties"", such as West Germany, the Philippines, and several Nordic countries also joined the UKUSA community in associate capacities, although they are not part of mechanism for automatic sharing of intelligence that exists between the Five Eyes. Much of the sharing of information is performed via the ultra-sensitive STONEGHOST network, which has been claimed to contain ""some of the Western world's most closely guarded secrets"". Besides laying down rules for intelligence sharing, the"
"in the dark. The following documents were jointly released by the NSA and the GCHQ in 2010: The following documents were leaked by Edward Snowden during the course of the 2013 Global surveillance disclosure: UKUSA Agreement The United Kingdom – United States of America Agreement (UKUSA, ) is a multilateral agreement for cooperation in signals intelligence between Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The alliance of intelligence operations is also known as the Five Eyes. In classification markings this is abbreviated as FVEY, with the individual countries being abbreviated as AUS, CAN, NZL, GBR, and"
"is an alliance of five English-speaking countries; Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, for the sole purpose of sharing intelligence. The precursor to this agreement is essentially an extension of the historic BRUSA Agreement which was signed in 1943. In association with the ECHELON system, all five nations are assigned to intelligence collection and analysis from different parts of the world. For example, the United Kingdom hunts for communications in Europe, Africa, and Russia west of the Ural Mountains whereas the United States has responsibility for gathering intelligence in Latin America, Asia, Asiatic Russia, and"
"in the 2013 release of thousands of documents. Many countries around the world, including Western Allies and member states of NATO, have been targeted by the ""Five Eyes"" strategic alliance of Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA—five English-speaking Western countries aiming to achieve Total Information Awareness by mastering the Internet with analytical tools such as the Boundless Informant. As confirmed by the NSA's director Keith B. Alexander on 26 September 2013, the NSA collects and stores all phone records of all American citizens. Much of the data is kept in large storage facilities such as the Utah"
"the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand (called the Five Eyes) for the purpose of intelligence collaboration and data sharing. According to documents leaked by Snowden, the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA) has been granted access to XKeyscore. The classified documents leaked by Snowden also indicate that in April 2013, NSA had secretly provided the XKeyscore system to the Japanese government. XKeyscore XKeyscore (XKEYSCORE or XKS) is a formerly secret computer system first used by the United States National Security Agency for searching and analyzing global Internet data, which it collects on a daily basis. The"
"Australia has played a major role in international security. The Australian Government is a member of the Five Eyes intelligence community, the Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, and the Commonwealth of Nations. The foreign policy of Australia is guided by its commitment to multilateralism and the United Nations and regionalism with the Pacific Islands Forum and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations alongside strong bilateral relations particularly in Oceania, Southeast Asia, the alliance with the United States, and Australia–China relations. The Australian Defence Force has also deployed around the world for United Nations"
"ECHELON ECHELON, originally a secret government code name, is a surveillance program (signals intelligence/SIGINT collection and analysis network) operated by the US with the aid of four other signatory nations to the UKUSA Security Agreement: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, also known as the Five Eyes. The ECHELON program was created in the late 1960s to monitor the military and diplomatic communications of the Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc allies during the Cold War, and it was formally established in 1971. By the end of the 20th century, the system referred to as ""ECHELON"" had evolved"
"the same status as other allies, including the signing of a ""no-spy agreement"". This requirement was approved by the director of the NSA, but not by the director of the CIA, and furthermore not by President Barack Obama, resulting in a refusal from France. In 2013 it was reported that Germany was interested in joining the Five Eyes alliance. At that time, several members of the United States Congress, including Tim Ryan and Charles Dent, were pushing for Germany's entrance to the Five Eyes alliance. Israel is, reportedly, an observer in Five Eyes. Singapore is reported to have partnered with"
"New Zealand's South Pacific neighbors including Tuvalu, Nauru, Kiribati, Samoa, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Tonga, and the French overseas departments of New Caledonia and French Polynesia. The Intercept provided documents supplied by the US whistleblower Edward Snowden, who had earlier released leaked documents relating to the surveillance activities of other Five Eyes partners including the United States, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The Snowden documents show that information collected by the GCSB is sent to the American National Security Agency to plug holes in the global intelligence network. Most of the surveillance was carried out from the GCSB's"
"the following English-speaking western democracies and their respective intelligence agencies: In 2013, media disclosures revealed how other government agencies have cooperated extensively with the """"Five Eyes"""": Aside from the ""Five Eyes"", most other Western countries are also participating in the NSA surveillance system and sharing information with each other. However, being a partner of the NSA does not automatically exempt a country from being targeted by the NSA. According to an internal NSA document leaked by Snowden, ""We (the NSA) can, and often do, target the signals of most 3rd party foreign partners."" Examples of members of the ""Five Eyes"""
"of the diplomatic missions of the Five Eyes (Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, United States) in numerous locations around the world. The program conducted at U.S. diplomatic missions is run in concert by the U.S. intelligence agencies NSA and CIA in a joint venture group called ""Special Collection Service"" (SCS), whose members work undercover in shielded areas of the American Embassies and Consulates, where they are officially accredited as diplomats and as such enjoy special privileges. Under diplomatic protection, they are able to look and listen unhindered. The SCS for example used the American Embassy near the Brandenburg Gate in"
"2013, a Washington, D.C. undercover cop infiltrated peace groups. During World War II, the BRUSA Agreement was signed by the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom for the purpose of intelligence sharing. This was later formalized in the UKUSA Agreement of 1946 as a secret treaty. The full text of the agreement was released to the public on 25 June 2010. Although the treaty was later revised to include other countries such as Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Turkey, and the Philippines, most of the information sharing is performed by the so-called ""Five Eyes"", a term referring to"
"Sydney Morning Herald"", Australia operates clandestine surveillance facilities at its embassies ""without the knowledge of most Australian diplomats"". These facilities are part of an international espionage program known as STATEROOM. Although the UKUSA alliance is often associated with the ECHELON system, processed intelligence is reliant on multiple sources of information and the intelligence shared is not restricted to signals intelligence. The following table provides an overview of the government agencies involved and their respective responsibilities within the ""Five Eyes"" community: Although precise assignments are classified, it is generally known that each member of the UKUSA alliance takes lead responsibility for"
"western Pacific and maintains listening posts in the South Island at Waihopai Valley just south-west of Blenheim, and on the North Island at Tangimoana. Europe, European Russia, Middle East, and Hong Kong. The U.S. is focused on the Middle East, China, and Russia, in addition to the Caribbean and Africa. The ""Five Eyes"" community is part of an extensive alliance of Western countries sharing signals intelligence with each other. These allied countries include NATO members, other European countries such as Sweden, and allies in the Pacific, in particular Singapore and South Korea. In the 1950s several Nordic countries joined the"
"were spying on the South Pacific. Key had earlier acknowledged that New Zealand was a member of the Five Eyes club, which included the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, during a speech calling for New Zealand to deploy troops to Iraq to combat the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. On 11 March 2015, Edward Snowden disclosed that the Government Communications Security Bureau was also using the Waihopai Station to intercept transmissions from several Pacific Rim and Asian countries including Vietnam, China, India, Pakistan, and several unspecified South American nations. He added that the GCSB was"
"the Five Eyes. The Nine Eyes is a different arrangement that consists of the same members of Five Eyes working with Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Norway. According to a document leaked by Edward Snowden, there is another working agreement amongst 14 nations officially known as SIGINT Seniors Europe, or ""SSEUR"". These ""14 Eyes"" consist of the same members of 9 Eyes plus Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden. As spelled out by Privacy International, there are a number of issue-specific intelligence agreements that include some or all the above nations and numerous others, such as: As the surveillance capabilities"
"aside from the Five Eyes, most other Western countries have also participated in the NSA surveillance system and are sharing information with each other. In the documents the NSA lists ""approved SIGINT partners"" which are partner countries in addition to the Five Eyes. Glenn Greenwald said that the ""NSA often maintains these partnerships by paying its partner to develop certain technologies and engage in surveillance, and can thus direct how the spying is carried out."" These partner countries are divided into two groups, ""Second Parties"" and ""Third Parties"". The Second Parties are doing comprehensive cooperation with the NSA, and the"
"treaty. The full text of the agreement was released to the public on 25 June 2010. Although the treaty was later revised to include other countries such as Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Turkey, and the Philippines, most of the information sharing has been performed by the so-called ""Five Eyes"", a term referring to the following English-speaking western democracies and their respective intelligence agencies: Left: SEA-ME-WE 3, which runs across the Afro-Eurasian supercontinent from Japan to Northern Germany, is one of the most important submarine cables accessed by the ""Five Eyes"". Singapore, a former British colony in the Asia-Pacific region (blue"
"the United States NSA in close cooperation with three of its Five Eyes partners: Australia's ASD, the UK's GCHQ, and Canada's CSEC. In the Netherlands, ING Bank made a public statement about their intentions around data usage. The Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data scandal involves the collection of personal data of up to but most possibly more than 87 million Facebook users in an attempt to influence voter opinion. Both the 2016 Brexit vote and the 2015/6 campaigns of US politicians Donald Trump and Ted Cruz paid Cambridge Analytica to use information from the data breach to influence voter opinion. On the"
"of its own countries"". Documents leaked by Snowden in 2013 revealed that the FVEY have been spying on one another's citizens and sharing the collected information with each other in order to circumvent restrictive domestic regulations on surveillance of citizens. In spite of continued controversy over its methods, the Five Eyes relationship remains one of the most comprehensive known espionage alliances in history. Since processed intelligence is gathered from multiple sources, the intelligence shared is not restricted to signals intelligence (SIGINT) and often involves defence intelligence as well as human intelligence (HUMINT) and geospatial intelligence (GEOINT). The following table provides"
"Australia, had been operated by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). At the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the use and control of Pine Gap by the CIA was strongly opposed by Whitlam, who fired the chief of the ASIO before being dismissed as prime minister. The existence of several intelligence agencies of the Five Eyes was not revealed until the following years: In 1999, the Australian government acknowledged that it ""does co-operate with counterpart signals intelligence organisations overseas under the UKUSA relationship."" The existence of the UKUSA Agreement, however, was not publicly revealed until 2005. The contents"
"exchange for permission to use Libya as a base for extraordinary renditions. , the Five Eyes also have access to SIPRNet, the U.S. government's classified version of the Internet. In 2013, documents leaked by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden revealed the existence of numerous surveillance programs jointly operated by the Five Eyes. The following list includes several notable examples reported in the media: In March 2014, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered Australia to stop spying on East Timor. This marks the first time that such restrictions are imposed on a member of the FVEY. In recent years,"
"automated control implants by groups instead of individually."" The NSA has shared many of its files on the use of implants with its counterparts in the so-called Five Eyes surveillance alliance – the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Among other things due to TURBINE and its control over the implants the NSA is capable of: The TURBINE implants are linked to, and relies upon, a large network of clandestine surveillance ""sensors"" that the NSA has installed at locations across the world, including the agency's headquarters in Maryland and eavesdropping bases used by the agency in Misawa, Japan and"
"U.S. State–Army–Navy Communication Intelligence Board. Although the original agreement states that the exchange would not be ""prejudicial to national interests"", the United States often blocked information sharing from Commonwealth countries. The full text of the agreement was released to the public on 25 June 2010. The ""Five Eyes"" term has its origins as a shorthand for a ""AUS/CAN/NZ/UK/US EYES ONLY"" classification level. Under the agreement, the GCHQ and the NSA shared intelligence on the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and several eastern European countries (known as Exotics). The network was expanded in the 1960s into the Echelon collection"
"reports to the Minister of National Defence, who is in turn accountable to Cabinet and Parliament. CSE is part of the Five Eyes, or the alliance of spying agencies of the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Canada. CSE originated in World War II, as a military signals corps meant to collect foreign intelligence signals. The agency only came into public awareness, however, with the 1974 CBC TV documentary ""The Fifth Estate: The Espionage Establishment"". Since the events of 9/11 and Canada's subsequent 2001 Anti-Terrorism Act, the CSE's capacities have expanded significantly, in terms of legal mandate,"
"as well as ""medical, legal or religious information"". In close cooperation with other members of the Five Eyes community, the ASD runs secret surveillance facilities in many parts of Southeast Asia without the knowledge of Australian diplomats. In addition, the ASD cooperates with the Security and Intelligence Division (SID) of the Republic of Singapore in an international operation to intercept underwater telecommunications cables across the Eastern Hemisphere and the Pacific Ocean. In March 2017 it was reported that, on advice from the Five Eyes intelligence alliance, more than 500 Iraqi and Syrian refugees, have been refused entry to Australia, in"
"Party Partners', which share their intelligence with the 5 Eyes. While the Five Eyes is a very specific agreement with specific operations amongst the five nations, other non-FVEY sharing agreements have been set up independently and for specific purposes. For example, according to Edward Snowden, the NSA has a ""massive body"" called the Foreign Affairs Directorate that is responsible for partnering with foreign countries. According to the news magazine ""L'Obs"", in 2009, the United States proposed to France to join the Five Eyes, that would then have become the ""Six Eyes"". Nicolas Sarkozy however made the requirement to be granted"
"technology experts. Swinburne University academic Philip Branch has pointed out that while the content of Skype calls is encrypted, the IP addresses of participants may be collected and traced back to individuals. Branch has also argued that many offshore email services are based in the United States, and as such Australian enforcement agencies may be able to access information through the ""Five Eyes"" agreement, under which Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada have committed to share intelligence. As the law is able to be circumvented, the Australian Government is seeking to close the loophole offered"
"community as ""third party"" participants. They were soon followed by Denmark (1954) and West Germany (1955). According to Edward Snowden, the NSA has a ""massive body"" called the Foreign Affairs Directorate that is responsible for partnering with other Western allies such as Israel. Unlike the ""second party"" members (that is, the Five Eyes themselves), ""third party"" partners are not automatically exempt from intelligence targeting. According to an internal NSA document leaked by Snowden, ""We (the NSA) can, and often do, target the signals of most 3rd party foreign partners."" The Five Eyes are cooperating with various 3rd Party countries in"
"Global surveillance Global surveillance refers to the mass surveillance of entire populations across national borders. Its roots can be traced back to the middle of the 20th century when the UKUSA Agreement was jointly enacted by the United Kingdom and the United States, which later expanded to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to create the present Five Eyes alliance. The alliance developed cooperation arrangements with several ""third-party"" nations. Eventually, this resulted in the establishment of a global surveillance network, code-named ""ECHELON"" (1971). Its existence, however, was not widely acknowledged by governments and the mainstream media until the global surveillance disclosures"
"implants) by creating a system that does automated control implants by groups instead of individually."" The NSA has shared many of its files on the use of implants with its counterparts in the so-called Five Eyes surveillance alliance – the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Among other things due to TURBINE and its control over the implants the NSA is capable of: The TURBINE implants are linked to, and relies upon, a large network of clandestine surveillance ""sensors"" that the NSA has installed at locations across the world, including the agency's headquarters in Maryland (Fort George G. Meade)"