"of independence, Bolivia has been ruled by the military leaders who fought for independence, the leaders of the War of the Pacific, representatives of the aristocracy, and democratically elected leaders. Also, the history of the presidency has involved civil wars, more than 190 coups and violence. Different titles have been used, such as ""Liberator of Bolivia"" (used by Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre), and ""Supreme Protector"" (by Andrés de Santa Cruz). The following table contains a list of the individuals who have served as President of Bolivia. In 1983, a poll was taken by the newspaper ""Última Hora"""
"to formally declare its independence from Spain as a wholly independent state. Sucre opted to create a brand new state and on 6 August 1825, with local support, named it in honor of Simón Bolívar. The original name was Republic of Bolívar. Some days later, congressman Manuel Martín Cruz proposed: ""If from Romulus comes Rome, then from Bolívar comes Bolivia"" (). The name was approved by the Republic on 3 October 1825. In 2009, a new constitution changed the country's official name to ""Plurinational State of Bolivia"" in recognition of the multi-ethnic nature of the country and the enhanced position"
"were the country's first judicial election in October 2011, and five municipal special elections held in 2011. Bolivia has its constitutionally recognized capital in Sucre, while La Paz is the seat of government. La Plata (now Sucre) was proclaimed provisional capital of the newly independent Alto Perú (later, Bolivia) on 1 July 1826. On 12 July 1839, President José Miguel de Velasco proclaimed a law naming the city as the capital of Bolivia, and renaming it in honor of the revolutionary leader Antonio José de Sucre. The Bolivian seat of government moved to La Paz at the start of the"
"Bolivia. Evo Morales Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959), commonly known as Evo Morales (), is a Bolivian politician and cocalero activist who has served as President of Bolivia since 2006. Widely regarded as the country's first president to come from the indigenous population, his administration has focused on the implementation of leftist policies, poverty reduction, and combating the influence of the United States and multinational corporations in Bolivia. A socialist, he is the head of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party. Born to an Aymara family of subsistence farmers in Isallawi, Orinoca Canton, Morales undertook a basic"
"Antonio José de Sucre Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (; 1795–1830), known as the ""Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho"" (), was a Venezuelan independence leader who served as the fourth President of Peru and the second President of Bolivia. Sucre was one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends, generals and statesmen. The city of Sucre, Bolivia's capital, is named for him, as is a state of Venezuela and a department of Colombia. Both the old and new airports of Ecuador's capital Quito are also named after him. The aristocratic Sucre family traces its roots back to origins in Flanders. It arrived"
"1 April 1825. A constitutional congress declared Bolivia an independent republic on 6 August and named the new republic in honor of Bolívar, because it wanted to gain his support for Bolivian independence from Peru. During the presidency of Marshal Andrés de Santa Cruz, Bolivia enjoyed the most successful period of her history with great social and economic advancement. Santa Cruz got involved in internal Peruvian political problems and succeeded in unifying Peru and Bolivia into a confederation, the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. As Santa Cruz openly declared the Inca Empire as a predecessor of his state, this move was perceived as"
"Evo Morales Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26, 1959), commonly known as Evo Morales (), is a Bolivian politician and cocalero activist who has served as President of Bolivia since 2006. Widely regarded as the country's first president to come from the indigenous population, his administration has focused on the implementation of leftist policies, poverty reduction, and combating the influence of the United States and multinational corporations in Bolivia. A socialist, he is the head of the Movement for Socialism (MAS) party. Born to an Aymara family of subsistence farmers in Isallawi, Orinoca Canton, Morales undertook a basic education"
"a union with Peru was widely supported. Nonetheless Simón Bolívar, who had liberated the territory and destroyed the last remnants of the Spanish army. The new Republic of Bolivia (named in his honor) was born, with Bolívar as its first president. Political unrest and turmoil forced Bolívar to return to Colombia very soon thereafter, leaving Antonio José de Sucre in charge. Nevertheless, the plan for reuniting Peru and Bolivia did not fade away. Marshal Sucre was elected president of Bolivia in 1826, but political pressure from Peru and internal turmoil made it impossible for him to organize the new state."
"of independence against Spain. He died in Sucre in 1864. José Ignacio de Sanjinés José Ignacio de Sanjinés Barriga (1786 – August 15, 1864) was a Bolivian poet and legislator. Born in Chuquisaca, he was a delegate to the Asambleas Deliberante y Constituyente (Deliberative and Constituent Assemblies) of 1825 and 1826, when Bolivia first became an independent republic. He signed the Bolivian Declaration of Independence and the first Bolivian Constitution. Sanjinés is perhaps best known for writing the lyrics to the National Anthem of Bolivia. His lyrics were meant to inspire patriotism, hatred of tyranny and love of freedom, and"
"a decree it was determined that the new state in Upper Peru would carry the name of República Bolívar, in honor of the liberator, who was designated as ""Father of the Republic and Supreme Chief of State"". Bolívar thanked them for these honors, but declined the presidency of the Republic, a duty he gave instead to the victor of Ayacucho, Grand Marshal Sucre, who would later be sworn in the same day as the first President of Bolivia. After some time, the subject of the name of the Young nation arose again, and a Potosian deputy named Manuel Martín Cruz"
"38.6%, and it has one of the lowest crime rates in Latin America. Its main economic activities include agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, and manufacturing goods such as textiles, clothing, refined metals, and refined petroleum. Bolivia is very rich in minerals, including tin, silver, and lithium. Bolivia is named after Simón Bolívar, a leader in the Spanish American wars of independence. The leader of Venezuela, Antonio José de Sucre, had been given the option by Bolívar to either unite Charcas (present-day Bolivia) with the newly formed Republic of Peru, to unite with the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, or"
"Sucre, who would later be sworn in the same day as the first President of Bolivia. After some time, the subject of the name of the young nation arose again, and a Potosian deputy named Manuel Martín Cruz offered a solution, suggesting that in the same manner which from Romulus comes Rome, from Bolívar ought to come the new nation of Bolivia. By the time Bolívar got the news, he felt flattered by the young nation, but until then he hadn’t accepted willingly Upper Peru's because he was worried about its future, due to Bolivia's location in the very center"
"of the Congress, Serrano, states in its expositive part: Through a decree it was determined that the new state in Upper Peru would carry the name of República Bolívar, in honor of the liberator, who was designated as ""Father of the Republic and Supreme Chief of State"". Bolívar thanked them for these honors, but declined the presidency of the Republic, a duty he gave instead to the victor of Ayacucho, Grand Marshal Sucre, who would later be sworn in the same day as the first President of Bolivia. After some time, the subject of the name of the Young nation"
"Hilarión Daza Hilarión Daza Groselle (January 14, 1840 – February 27, 1894) was President of Bolivia from 1876 to 1879. Daza Groselle was born 1840 in a family of Italian emigrants from Piedmont. His father surname was Grossoli (later changed to Groselle), but he preferred the surname of his mother, Daza. His father was very poor, but with hard work and sacrifices was able to maintain the military studies of Hilarion, who since young showed great intelligence and ambitions and was able to successfully reach the top of Bolivian society. A career military officer and native of Sucre, Daza came"
"Bolivia Bolivia (; ; ; ; ), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia. The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West, to the Eastern Lowlands, situated"
"in 1809, 16 years of war followed before the establishment of the Republic, named for Simón Bolívar. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th century Bolivia lost control of several peripheral territories to neighboring countries including the seizure of its coastline by Chile in 1879. Bolivia remained relatively politically stable until 1971, when Hugo Banzer led a coup d'état which replaced the socialist government of Juan José Torres with a military dictatorship headed by Banzer; Torres was murdered in Buenos Aires, Argentina by a right-wing death squad in 1976. Banzer's regime cracked down on leftist and socialist opposition"
"any Games up to this point, summer or winter). Trap shooter César Menacho was the Bolivian flag bearer at the ceremonies. Bolivia is a landlocked, predominantly mountainous nation in central South America that is inhabited mainly by Amerindian peoples. The nation of 10 million people lies to the southwest of Brazil, to the northwest of Paraguay, to the north of Argentina and of Chile, and to the east of Peru. Bolivia was originally colonized by the Spanish, and broke away from the Spanish Empire in 1825. The nation endured a period of instability that consisted of nearly 200 coups between"
"country. In addition, there are more than 3,000 types of butterfly, and more than 60 domestic animals. Bolivia has gained global attention for its 'Law of the Rights of Mother Earth', which accords nature the same rights as humans. Bolivia has been governed by democratically elected governments since 1982; prior to that, it was governed by various dictatorships. Presidents Hernán Siles Zuazo (1982–85) and Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1985–89) began a tradition of ceding power peacefully which has continued, although two presidents have stepped down in the face of popular protests: Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada in 2003 and Carlos Mesa in"
"Simón Bolívar Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (; 24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as ""El Libertador"", was a Venezuelan military and political leader who liberated from the Spanish Empire what are currently the republics of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Panama. Bolívar was born into a wealthy, aristocratic Criollo family and, as was common for the heirs of upper-class families in his day, was sent to be educated abroad at a young age, arriving in Spain when he was 16 and later"
"of Bolivia and his minister of defense responsible for extrajudicial killings carried out by the Bolivian military, which killed more than 50 and injured hundreds during a period of civil unrest in September and October 2003. The jury's decision, announced on April 3, came after a 10-year legal battle spearheaded by family members of eight people killed in what is known in Bolivia as the ""Gas War."" Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada y Sánchez de Bustamante (born July 1, 1930), familiarly known as ""Goni"", is a Bolivian politician and businessman, who served as President of Bolivia for"
"for the results in the Odesur 2018 Games held in Cochabamba. Bolivia Bolivia (; ; ; ; ), officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia (), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. The capital is Sucre while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales (tropical lowlands) a mostly flat region in the east of Bolivia. The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state, divided into nine departments. Its geography varies from the peaks"
"Víctor Hugo Cárdenas Víctor Hugo Cárdenas Conde (born 4 June 1951) is a Bolivian indigenous Aymara activist and politician. He is the leader of the MRTKL party (Revolutionary Liberation Movement Tupaq Katari). He was Vice President of Bolivia from 1993 to 1997 during the first presidency of Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. Cárdenas was born in 1951 in the Aymara village of Achica Bajo on the shores of Lake Titicaca, the son of a rural school teacher. When he was still a child, his father changed his name from Choquehuanca to Cárdenas, in order to mask his indigenous origin and remove"
"from among the top two candidates (prior to 1995, the top three candidates were eligible). The current President of Bolivia is Evo Morales, since 22 January 2006. He was elected in 2005, and reelected in 2009 and again in 2014. On 17 October 2015, Morales surpassed Andrés de Santa Cruz's nine years, eight months, and twenty-four days in office to become the president with the longest unbroken term in office. Morales surpassed Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who previously served as the longest-serving president with just over 12 years in office, but these terms were nonconsecutive. During its more than 192 years"
"José Ignacio de Sanjinés José Ignacio de Sanjinés Barriga (1786 – August 15, 1864) was a Bolivian poet and legislator. Born in Chuquisaca, he was a delegate to the Asambleas Deliberante y Constituyente (Deliberative and Constituent Assemblies) of 1825 and 1826, when Bolivia first became an independent republic. He signed the Bolivian Declaration of Independence and the first Bolivian Constitution. Sanjinés is perhaps best known for writing the lyrics to the National Anthem of Bolivia. His lyrics were meant to inspire patriotism, hatred of tyranny and love of freedom, and admiration for Bolivian soldiers who had recently won Bolivia's war"
"Adela Zamudio Paz Juana Plácida Adela Rafaela Zamudio Rivero, or more popularly known as Adela Zamudio (1854–1928) was a Bolivian poet, feminist, and educator. She is considered the most famous Bolivian poet, and is credited as founding the country's feminist movement. In her writing, she also used the pen-name Soledad. Adela Zamudio was born in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in 1854, to an upper-class family. She attended a public elementary school and was also tutored by her father, Don Adolfo Zamudio and her mother, Doña Modesta Rivero de Zamudio. As a teacher, Zamudio taught at Escuela San Alberto, and later became a"
"Rodríguez, the chief justice of the Supreme Court and new president of Bolivia. He was charged with the duty of swiftly organizing national elections, which led to the massive victory of MAS candidate Evo Morales in December 2005. Later, Evo Morales's government accused Carlos Mesa for economic damages to the country interests. Leaving behind previous animosity, Morales agreed with Mesa that the latter would be the Bolivian spokesman in the ongoing case against Chile presented to the International Court of Justice. Carlos Mesa Carlos Diego Mesa Gisbert (born August 12, 1953) is a Bolivian historian and former politician. He was"
"Jorge Quiroga Jorge Fernando Quiroga Ramírez (born May 5, 1960) nicknamed ""Tuto Quiroga"", was President of Bolivia from August 7, 2001 to August 6, 2002. Quiroga was a candidate in the 2014 presidential election for the Christian Democratic Party. Quiroga was born in Cochabamba. He graduated from Texas A&M University in 1981 with a degree in industrial engineering, becoming the first head of state from that university. He went on to work for IBM in Austin, Texas while earning a master's degree in business administration from St. Edward's University. He and his American wife Virginia then moved back to Bolivia."
"José María Linares José María Linares Lizarazu (July 10, 1808 – October 23, 1861) was president of Bolivia from 1857 to 1861. He was born in Tical, Potosí, on a farm. Belonging to the noble and wealthy family of the Counts of Lords and House of Rodrigo in Navarre, Linares was related to the Spanish nobility. He was educated at the Royal and Pontifical University of San Francisco Xavier, in Sucre. Early in his life, Linares gravitated toward the world of politics, earning a number of administrative appointments in various governments. In 1839 he was called by the new president,"
"Bolivia has dedicated a plaza and two avenues (one of them, La Paz's longest boulevard) in his honour, and put up a monument to his memory. Along with Víctor Paz Estenssoro and others, del Granado formed the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario. The MNR was at the forefront of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952, which radically changed the country, bringing about land redistribution, universal suffrage, and nationalization of the major tin mines. He comes from an esteemed literary family that traces its roots back in colonial America to that outstanding humanitarian figure who was the Count of Cotoca. His father, Félix del"
"Bolivians Bolivians () are the people that inhabit Bolivia. Amerindians lived in what is now called Bolivia for several millennia before the Spanish Conquest in the 16th century. Spaniards mixed with enslaved Africans in steady numbers, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. The Bolivian population, estimated at 10.9 million is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Mestizos, Europeans, Asians and Africans. The main language spoken is Spanish, although the Guarani, Aymara and Quechua languages are also common and all three, as well as 34 other indigenous languages, are official. The many cultures in Bolivia have contributed greatly to a wide"
"Law of Bolivia The law of Bolivia includes a constitution and a number of codes. Bolivia has had seventeen constitutions. By 1840, sources of the law of Bolivia included: (1) Acts of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, prior to the revolution of Bolivia. (2) Acts of the legislature of the Republic. Among these Acts there was a general code of laws, entitled Codigo Santa Cruz. This title is evidently in imitation of the title of Code Napoleon; for Santa Cruz is the name of the general who was elected president of the Republic in 1828; and under his presidency, the Codigo was"
"exiled him along with his brother (his own Vice-President). Saavedra remained an influential political leader after that, but never returned to power, especially since his arch-rivals of the Partido Republicano Genuino finally gained power in 1930. He died while exiled in Chile on May 1, 1939. The province of Bautista Saavedra Province was named after this former President. Its capital is Charazani. Bautista Saavedra Bautista Saavedra Mallea (30 August 1870 in Sorata – 1 May 1939) was President of Bolivia, first as part of a governing junta between 1920–21, and then as constitutionally-elected President of the Republic between 1921 and"
"Bolivia–Spain relations Bolivia–Spain refers to the current and historical relations between Bolivia and Spain. Both nations are members of the Association of Spanish Language Academies and the Organization of Ibero-American States. Bolivia and Spain share a long history since the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadores led by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. By 1534, Pizarro managed to overcome the Incan Empire (which was in present day Bolivia, Peru, Chile and Ecuador) and claimed the territory for Spain. In 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was created and the territory of Bolivia (known at the time as Upper Peru) was governed from"