"meaning itch. Notes Further reading Aquagenic pruritus Aquagenic pruritus is a skin condition characterized by the development of severe, intense, prickling-like epidermal itching without observable skin lesions and evoked by contact with water. Symptoms occur for up to 35 minutes; duration of an attack is typically between 10 and 120 minutes. However, sensitivity varies among sufferers, and since water is always present to some extent in the air (atmospheric humidity), those with greater sensitivity who live in moister regions are symptomatic almost constantly, while perspiration can cause frequent symptoms even in the driest climates. The exact mechanism of the condition"
"Fremitus Fremitus is a vibration transmitted through the body. In common medical usage, it usually refers to assessment of the lungs by either the vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (""tactile fremitus"") and/or heard by a stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words (""vocal fremitus""), although there are several other types. When a person speaks, the vocal cords create vibrations (""vocal fremitus"") in the tracheobronchial tree and through the lungs and chest wall, where they can be felt (""tactile fremitus""). This is usually assessed with the healthcare provider placing the flat of their palms on the chest"
"Crepitus Crepitus (; also termed crepitation) is a medical term to describe the grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue. Various types of crepitus that can be heard in joint pathologies are: The sound can be created when two rough surfaces in an organism's body come into contact—for example, in osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis when the cartilage around joints erodes and the surfaces in the joint grind against one another, or when the fractured surfaces of two broken bones rub"
"Prurigo nodularis Prurigo nodularis (PN), also known as nodular prurigo, is a skin disease characterised by pruritic (itchy) nodules which usually appear on the arms or legs. Patients often present with multiple excoriated lesions caused by scratching. PN is also known as Hyde prurigo nodularis, ""Picker's nodules"", atypical nodular form of neurodermatitis circumscripta, lichen corneus obtusus. Lichen simplex chronicus is a distinct clinical entity. The cause of prurigo nodularis is unknown, although other conditions may induce PN. PN has been linked to Becker's nevus, linear IgA disease, an autoimmune condition, liver disease and T cells. Systemic pruritus has been linked"
"Phrenitis The term phrenitis was employed in ancient Greece by Hippocrates and his followers. It refers to acute inflammation of mind and body, not in a theoretical but in a descriptive sense. Its presumed seat was never anatomically or conceptually well determined. The diagnosis was used during the Middle Ages: a mental confusion or continuous delirium with fever. Phrenitis means an inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium. Symptoms vary widely in severity, from short-lived, relatively slight effects of headache, drowsiness, and fever to paralysis, coma, and death. The ancient"
"asthma. Pleural fremitus is a palpable vibration of the wall of the thorax caused by friction between the parietal and visceral pleura of the lungs. See pleural friction rub for the auditory analog of this sign. Fremitus appears when teeth move. This can be assessed by feeling and looking at teeth when the mouth is opened and closed. Periodontal fremitus occurs in either of the alveolar bones when an individual sustains trauma from occlusion. It is a result of teeth exhibiting at least slight mobility rubbing against the adjacent walls of their sockets, the volume of which has been expanded"
"mad; frantic; frenetic. Phrenitis The term phrenitis was employed in ancient Greece by Hippocrates and his followers. It refers to acute inflammation of mind and body, not in a theoretical but in a descriptive sense. Its presumed seat was never anatomically or conceptually well determined. The diagnosis was used during the Middle Ages: a mental confusion or continuous delirium with fever. Phrenitis means an inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium. Symptoms vary widely in severity, from short-lived, relatively slight effects of headache, drowsiness, and fever to paralysis, coma, and"
"Pericoronitis Pericoronitis (from the Greek ""peri"", ""around"", Latin ""corona"" ""crown"" and ""-itis"", ""inflammation"") also known as operculitis, is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an ""operculum"", an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods. The synonym ""operculitis"" technically refers to inflammation of the operculum alone. Pericoronitis is caused by an accumulation of bacteria and debris beneath the operculum, or by mechanical trauma (e.g. biting the operculum with the opposing"
"Proctitis Proctitis is an inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum, affecting only the last 6 inches of the rectum. A common symptom is a continual urge to have a bowel movement—the rectum could feel full or have constipation. Another is tenderness and mild irritation in the rectum and anal region. A serious symptom is pus and blood in the discharge, accompanied by cramps and pain during the bowel movement. If there is severe bleeding, anemia can result, showing symptoms such as pale skin, irritability, weakness, dizziness, brittle nails, and shortness of breath. Symptoms are ineffectual straining"
"e91734, .</ref> The word ""metritis"" ( or ) uses combining forms of ""metr-"" + ""-itis"", yielding ""uterus inflammation"". Metritis Metritis is inflammation of the wall of the uterus, whereas endometritis is inflammation of the functional lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. The term pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is often used for metritis. Postpartum metritis, also known as puerperal sepsis, occurs within 21 days and is most common within 10 days of delivery. Metritis is characterized by an enlarged uterus and a watery red-brown fluid to viscous off-white purulent uterine discharge, which often has a bad smell. The severity of"
"over each other. See pericardial friction rub for the auditory analog of this sign. Hydatid fremitus is a vibratory sensation felt on palpating a hydatid cyst. Fremitus Fremitus is a vibration transmitted through the body. In common medical usage, it usually refers to assessment of the lungs by either the vibration intensity felt on the chest wall (""tactile fremitus"") and/or heard by a stethoscope on the chest wall with certain spoken words (""vocal fremitus""), although there are several other types. When a person speaks, the vocal cords create vibrations (""vocal fremitus"") in the tracheobronchial tree and through the lungs and"
"Hyde and Montgomery in 1909. Prurigo nodularis Prurigo nodularis (PN), also known as nodular prurigo, is a skin disease characterised by pruritic (itchy) nodules which usually appear on the arms or legs. Patients often present with multiple excoriated lesions caused by scratching. PN is also known as Hyde prurigo nodularis, ""Picker's nodules"", atypical nodular form of neurodermatitis circumscripta, lichen corneus obtusus. Lichen simplex chronicus is a distinct clinical entity. The cause of prurigo nodularis is unknown, although other conditions may induce PN. PN has been linked to Becker's nevus, linear IgA disease, an autoimmune condition, liver disease and T cells."
"Pityriasis rubra pilaris Pityriasis rubra pilaris (also known as ""Devergie's disease,"" ""Lichen ruber acuminatus,"" and ""Lichen ruber pilaris"") refers to a group of chronic disorders characterized by reddish orange, scaling plaques and keratotic follicular papules. Symptoms may include reddish-orange patches (Latin: ""rubra"") on the skin, severe flaking (Latin: ""pityriasis""), uncomfortable itching, thickening of the skin on the feet and hands, and thickened bumps around hair follicles (Latin: ""pilus"" for hair). For some, early symptoms may also include generalized swelling of the legs, feet and other parts of the body. PRP has a varied clinical progression and a varied rate of"
"The word ""periodontitis"" (Greek: ) comes from the Greek ""peri"", ""around"", ""odous"" ( ""odontos""), ""tooth"", and the suffix -""itis"", in medical terminology ""inflammation"". The word ""pyorrhea"" (alternative spelling: ""pyorrhoea"") comes from the Greek ""pyorrhoia"" (), ""discharge of matter"", itself from ""pyon"", ""discharge from a sore"", ""rhoē"", ""flow"", and the suffix -""ia"". In English this term can describe, as in Greek, any discharge of pus; i.e. it is not restricted to these diseases of the teeth. It is estimated that periodontitis results in worldwide productivity losses in the size of about US$54 billion yearly. A therapeutic vaccine against Porphyromonas gingivalis has"
"wisdom teeth are erupting into the mouth. If the individual has reached their twenties without any attack of pericoronitis, it becomes substantially less likely one will occur thereafter. Pericoronitis Pericoronitis (from the Greek ""peri"", ""around"", Latin ""corona"" ""crown"" and ""-itis"", ""inflammation"") also known as operculitis, is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle. The soft tissue covering a partially erupted tooth is known as an ""operculum"", an area which can be difficult to access with normal oral hygiene methods. The synonym ""operculitis"" technically refers to inflammation"
"sounds produced by lung conditions such as interstitial lung disease—these are also referred to as ""rales"". Crepitus is often loud enough to be heard by the human ear, although a stethoscope may be needed to detect instances caused by respiratory diseases. In times of poor surgical practice, post-surgical complications involved anaerobic infection by ""Clostridium perfringens"" strains, which can cause gas gangrene in tissues, also giving rise to crepitus. Subcutaneous crepitus (or surgical emphysema) is a crackling sound resulting from subcutaneous emphysema, or air trapped in the subcutaneous tissues. Crepitus Crepitus (; also termed crepitation) is a medical term to describe"
"mortality rate of about <10% in otherwise healthy patients. The mortality rate rises to about 40% in the elderly, or in those with significant underlying illness, as well as cases that present late (after 48 hours). Without being treated, generalised peritonitis almost always causes death. The stage magician Harry Houdini died this way, having contracted streptococcus peritonitis after his appendix ruptured and was removed too late to prevent spread of the infection. The term ""peritonitis"" comes from Greek περιτόναιον ""peritonaion"" ""peritoneum, abdominal membrane"" and -itis ""inflammation"". Peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of"
"Notalgia paresthetica Notalgia paraesthetica (NP) or notalgia paresthetica (also known as ""Hereditary localized pruritus"", ""Posterior pigmented pruritic patch"", and ""Subscapular pruritus"") is a chronic sensory neuropathy. Notalgia paraesthetica is a common localized itch, affecting mainly the area between the shoulder blades (especially the T2–T6 dermatomes) but occasionally with a more widespread distribution, involving the shoulders, back, and upper chest. The characteristic symptom is pruritus (itch or sensation that makes a person want to scratch) on the back, usually on the left hand side below the shoulder blade (mid to upper back). It is occasionally accompanied by pain, paresthesia (pins and"
"systemic disturbance, however, patients should be referred urgently further management. Pericoronitis is defined as inflammation in the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth. The acute form is characterised by severe pain, often referred to adjacent areas, causing loss of sleep, swelling of the pericoronal tissues, discharge of pus, trismus, regional lymphadenopathy, pain on swallowing, pyrexia, and in some cases spread of the infection to adjacent tissue spaces. Trismus may be defined as inability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, but the term is frequently used for limited movement of the jaw from any cause"
"some parts of the world. Infestation with pubic lice is also called phthiriasis or phthiriasis pubis, while infestation of eyelashes with pubic lice is called ""phthiriasis palpebrarum"" or ""pediculosis ciliarum"". The disease is spelled with ""phth"", but the scientific name of the louse ""Pthirus pubis"" is spelled with ""pth"" (an etymologically incorrect spelling that was nonetheless officially adopted in 1958). Humans are the only known hosts of this parasite, although a closely related species, ""Pthirus gorillae"", infects gorilla populations. Pediculosis pubis Pediculosis pubis (also known as ""crabs"" and ""pubic lice"") is a disease caused by the pubic louse, ""Pthirus pubis"","
"the presence of fluids that produce chemical irritation, such as gastric acid or pancreatic juice. Peritonitis causes fever, tenderness, and pain in the abdominal area, which can be localized or diffuse. The treatment involves rehydration, administration of antibiotics, and surgical correction of the underlying cause. Mortality is higher in the elderly and if present for a prolonged time. Primary peritoneal cancer is a cancer of the cells lining the peritoneum. ""Peritoneum"" is derived from Greek περιτόναιον ""peritonaion"" ""peritoneum, abdominal membrane"" via Latin. In Greek, περί ""peri"" means ""around,"" while τείνω ""teino"" means ""to stretch""; thus, ""peritoneum"" means ""stretched over."" Peritoneum"
"Torus palatinus Torus palatinus ""(pl. tori palatini)"" [palatinus torus ""(pl. palatal tori)"" in English] is a bony protrusion on the palate. Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the hard palate. Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in diameter, but their size can change throughout life. Prevalence of palatal tori ranges from 9–60% and are more common than bony growths occurring on the mandible, known as torus mandibularis. Palatal tori are more common in Asian, Native American and Inuit populations, and are twice as common in females. In the United States, the prevalence is 20% -"
"Peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One part or the entire abdomen may be tender. Complications may include shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, or a ruptured appendix. Risk factors include ascites and peritoneal dialysis. Diagnosis is generally based on examination, blood tests, and medical imaging. Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery. Other"
"reason for admission to the hospital after an emergency department visit in the U.S. for infants and children. Pneumonia has been a common disease throughout human history. The word is from Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn) meaning ""lung"". The symptoms were described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC – 370 BC): ""Peripneumonia, and pleuritic affections, are to be thus observed: If the fever be acute, and if there be pains on either side, or in both, and if expiration be if cough be present, and the sputa expectorated be of a blond or livid color, or likewise thin, frothy, and florid, or having"
"Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), known in United Kingdom as polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), is a chronic hives-like rash that strikes some women during pregnancy. Although extremely annoying for its sufferers (because of the itch), it presents no long-term risk for either the mother or unborn child. PUPPP frequently begins on the abdomen and spreads to the legs, feet, arms, chest, and neck. Papules and plaques usually start appearing on the abdomen (although not on the umbilicus/bellybutton) and often spreads to the legs, chest, underarms, etc. The face is"
"Peritrich The peritrichs (Latin: Peritrichia) are a large and distinctive group of ciliates. The peritrichs were first defined by Friedrich von Stein in 1859. Initially they were considered spirotrichs, then treated as a separate category, before receiving their modern placement. They are usually bell or disc shaped, with a prominent paroral membrane arising from the oral cavity and circling counter-clockwise around the anterior of the cell, accompanied by a smaller series of membranelles. The oral cavity is apical and funnel shaped, with a contractile vacuole discharging directly into it. When disturbed, the anterior of the cell can contract. The rest"
"Pleurotus dryinus Pleurotus dryinus is a species of fungus in the family Pleurotaceae. It grows on dead wood and is also a weak pathogen; infecting especially broad-leaved trees. The species name is a Latinised version of the Greek word ""dryinos"" (δρύῐνος), meaning ""related to oak"", and referring to one of its main hosts. The original definition of this fungus as ""Agaricus dryinus"" was made by Persoon in 1800. In 1871 in his ""Führer in die Pilzkunde"" (""Guide to mycology""), Paul Kummer introduced ""Pleurotus"" as a genus and defined three similar ringed species: Pleurotus corticatus, Pleurotus Albertini and ""P. dryinus"". They"
"Proteus vulgaris Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole+ and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. It can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter. It is grouped with the Enterobacteriaceae and is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is known to cause wound infections and other species of its genera are known to cause urinary tract infections. The term Proteus signifies changeability of form, as personified in the Homeric poems in Proteus, ""the old man of the sea"", who tends the sealflocks of Poseidon and has the gift of endless"
"swab. Microbiological sputum samples are used to look for infections, such as ""Moraxella catarrhalis"", ""Mycobacterium tuberculosis"", ""Streptococcus pneumoniae"", and ""Haemophilus influenzae"". Other pathogens can also be found. Purulent sputum contains pus, composed of white blood cells, cellular debris, dead tissue, serous fluid, and viscous liquid (mucus). Purulent sputum is typically yellow or green. It is seen in cases of bronchiectasis, lung abscess, an advanced stage of bronchitis, or acute upper respiratory tract infection (common cold, laryngitis). Sputum can be (when examined by the naked eye): Sputum Sputum is mucus and is the name used for the coughed-up material (phlegm) from"
"derivative, taken from """"die Bräune"""", the German name for quinsy (a type of throat inflammation), which it was historically used to cure. ""Vulgaris"" means 'usual', 'common', or 'vulgar'. Robert Frost's 1916 poem ""The Design"" describes a spider on a heal all: I found a dimpled spider, fat and white, On a white heal-all, holding up a moth. Prunella vulgaris Prunella vulgaris (known as common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort, heart-of-the-earth, carpenter's herb, brownwort and blue curls) is a herbaceous plant in the genus ""Prunella"". Self-heal is edible: the young leaves and stems can be eaten raw in salads; the plant in whole"
"Pleurisy Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae). This can result in a sharp chest pain with breathing. Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, fever or weight loss, depending on the underlying cause. The most common cause is a viral infection. Other causes include pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, autoimmune disorders, lung cancer, following heart surgery, pancreatitis, chest trauma, and asbestosis. Occasionally the cause remains unknown. The underlying mechanism involves the rubbing together of the pleurae instead of"
"smooth gliding. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis, heart attack, cholecystitis, and pneumothorax. Diagnosis may include a chest X-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to decrease pain. Incentive spirometry may be recommended to encourage larger breaths. About one million people are affected in the United States each year. Descriptions of the condition date from at least as early as 400 BC by Hippocrates. The defining symptom of pleurisy is a sudden sharp, stabbing, burning or dull pain in the right or left side of"
"Pertussis toxin Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium ""Bordetella pertussis"", which causes whooping cough. PT is involved in the colonization of the respiratory tract and the establishment of infection. Research suggests PT may have a therapeutic role in treating a number of common human ailments, including hypertension, viral inhibition, and autoimmune inhibition. PT clearly plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pertussis although this was discovered only in the early 1980s. The appearance of pertussis is quite recent, compared with other epidemic infectious diseases. The earliest mention of pertussis, or whooping cough, is"