"Shawm The shawm () is a conical bore, double-reed woodwind instrument made in Europe from the 12th century to the present day. It achieved its peak of popularity during the medieval and Renaissance periods, after which it was gradually eclipsed by the oboe family of descendant instruments in classical music. It is likely to have come to Western Europe from the Eastern Mediterranean around the time of the Crusades. Double reed instruments similar to the shawm were long present in Southern Europe and the East, for instance the Ancient Greek, and later Byzantine, aulos, the Persian sorna, and the Armenian"
"Shur (mugham) “Shur”() – is one of the great Dastgahs (a multifrequency vocal-instrumental composition) of seven main modes in Persian music. In comparison with Shur of the beginning of the 20th century, in the modern Shur many parts are not used. Modern Shur consists of parts (shobe) such as ""Maye"", ""Kur-Shahnaz"", ""Bayati-Kurd"", ""Shikesteyi-fars"", ""Mubarriga"", ""Semayi-shems"", ""Hijnaz"", ""Sarenj"" and ""Nishibi-feraz"". Some performers of Shur use little parts such as ""Buselik"", ""Ashiran"" and ""Shah Khatai"". Maximally shortened kind of Shur destgah includes 8 main parts: ""Berdasht"", ""Maye"", ""Shur-Shahnaz"", ""Bayati-Turk"", ""Shikesteyi-fars"", Semayi-shems"", ""Hijaz"" and ""Sarenj"". These parts play a function of “bearing components”"
"Noam Sheriff Noam Sheriff ( * 7 January 1935 – ) was an Israeli composer, conductor, educator and arranger. Sheriff was one of Israel’s most versatile and world-renowned musicians. He was Artistic Director of the Kibbutz Chamber Orchestra (1973-1982); Music Director of the Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon LeZion (1989-1995); Professor of Composition and Conducting at the Tel-Aviv University's Samuel Rubin Academy of Music (since 1990) and the Academy's director (1998- 2000); Artistic Director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra (2002-2005); and Artistic Director of the Haifa Symphony Orchestra (since 2004). Noam Sheriff studied composition in Tel Aviv with Paul Ben-Haim and"
"development needed for the complexity of music of the time. Trumpets evolved into their modern form to improve portability, and players used mutes to properly blend into chamber music. Beginning in the seventeenth century, composers began creating works of a more emotional style. They felt that a monophonic style better suited the emotional music and wrote musical parts for instruments that would complement the singing human voice. As a result, many instruments that were incapable of larger ranges and dynamics, and therefore were seen as unemotional, fell out of favor. One such instrument was the shawm. Bowed instruments such as"
"Mendelssohn's time, the orchestra was composed of a fairly standard core of instruments which was very rarely modified. As time progressed, and as the Romantic period saw changes in accepted modification with composers such as Berlioz and Mahler, the 20th century saw that instrumentation could practically be hand-picked by the composer. Saxophones were used in some 20th-century orchestra scores such as Vaughan Williams' Symphonies No.6 and 9 and William Walton's ""Belshazzar's Feast"", and many other works as a member of the orchestral ensemble. In the 2000s, the modern orchestra became standardized with the modern instrumentation that includes a string section,"
"reduction in the size of the fingerholes. This also extended the range, enabling the performer to play the notes in the second octave. Larger sizes of shawm were built, down to the great bass in Bb, two octaves and a major third below the soprano in D. However, the larger sizes were unwieldy, which made them somewhat rare. The smaller sizes of shawm, chiefly the soprano, alto and sometimes the tenor, were more often coupled with the Renaissance trombone, or sackbut, and the majestic sound of this ensemble was much in demand by civic authorities. The shawm became standard equipment"
"Hagai Shaham Hagai Shaham (, born July 8, 1966) is an acclaimed Israeli violin virtuoso. He began studying the violin at the age of six and was the last student of the late Professor Ilona Feher. He is also a violin teacher, and a professor at the Buchmann-Mehta School of Music (formerly the Samuel Rubin Israel Academy of Music), in the Faculty of Arts at Tel Aviv University. As a soloist he has performed with many of the world's major orchestras, including the English Chamber Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland, Belgian National Orchestra,"
"difference in bore shape also gives shawms additional problems with intonation. It was the goals of easier fingering, better intonation, and a sound and volume level more suitable for indoor use that prompted the innovations that turned the shawm into the oboe. The tible and tenora, however, were modernized with a modified bore and fully chromatic keywork without giving up their place in traditional bands and at festivals. There are many shawms throughout the world (many of them in the Middle East and Asia) but Catalonia is one of the few places in Europe where they are still frequently used,"
"general-purpose bass instrument, even in refined settings where shawms were considered inappropriate. The dulcian is the forerunner of the modern bassoon. Known by the Spanish term ""chirimia"", the shawm remains an important ritual instrument among Maya peoples of Highland Guatemala. Accompanied by a drum, the chirimia is frequently used in processions and in certain ritual dances, such as the Dance of the Conquest (Baile de la Conquista) and this is still played today. A tenor shawm in C with a single key [without the customary lower extension to G], with a range of a perfect twelfth, was described as a"
"(1911–1913) with a large woodwinds section similar to the above and his ""Histoire du soldat"" (1918), which only utilizes one clarinet and one bassoon. The woodwind section of the orchestra today, at a minimum consists of: For early classical music, the clarinets and/or flutes may be omitted. The principal oboist is traditionally the section leader. The evolution of this section can be seen over Mozart's Symphonies. His earlier symphonies required only the oboes, while his later symphonies required the entire above listing. When emulating the classical style, Sergei Prokofiev used the above combination in his First Symphony. The woodwind section"
"string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra. The cello is used as a solo instrument, as well as in chamber music ensembles (e.g., string quartet), string orchestras, as a member of the string section of symphony orchestras, most modern Chinese orchestras, and some types of rock bands. Music for the cello is generally written in the bass clef, but both tenor clef and treble clef are used for higher-range parts, both in orchestral/chamber music parts and in solo cello works. A person who plays the cello is called a ""cellist"" or ""violoncellist"". In a small classical ensemble, such as a"
"Shai Cohen Shai Cohen (; b.1968, in Haifa) is an Israeli music educator and composer. Dr. Shai Cohen is a composer, educator, and jazz performer, former chairman of the Israel Composers' League and an active member in ACUM. He specializes in diverse fields ranging from free-improvisation to electronic and contemporary classical music. His music has been played at events including ""Asian Contemporary Music Festival"" (2003/Japan, 2009/Korea, 2012/Israel, 2013/Singapore, 2016/Vietnam, 2018/Taiwan), ""Moscow Autumn"" ISCM contemporary music festival (2006), ""Aberdeen Music Prize"" (2011), 34th Annual ""Bowling Green New Music Festival"" (2013), ""Israeli Music Festival"" (2004, 2012) and performed by musicians and ensembles"
"under Mehta in a unique concert at Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem, marking Israel’s Jubilee, and will additionally feature in the 2012 Salzburg Festival. Sheriff's newest vocal work, ""Genesis"", was commissioned and premiered by the Israel Philharmonic and Maestro Zubin Mehta at the festive concerts of Israel’s 50th Independence day. Sheriff completed an opera called ""Hagolem"" (The Clay Automaton). Noam Sheriff regularly conducts both his compositions and other works of the orchestral repertoire all over the world. Between 1989 and 1995 he was the Music Director of the Israel Symphony Orchestra Rishon Le-Zion which, under his leadership, achieved success unprecedented"
"Ghosh. He has conducted the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, the Israel Chamber Orchestra, the Kibbutz Chamber Orchestra, the Haifa Symphony orchestra, the Ra'anana Symphony, the Be'er-Sheva Symphonette and orchestras in Germany, Hungary, Czech and Italy. He was among the founders of the Israeli School of Choral singing, established in 1986 in Tel Aviv and he continues to act as its academic director and principal conductor while also teaching at the Rubin Academy of Music in Tel Aviv and in the Department of Music in the University of Haifa. Michael Shani is the Music Director of the Zimriya World Assembly of Choirs"
"Selim Sahab Selim Sahab () is a conductor and contemporary composer. Sahab was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1941, but is now a citizen of Egypt. Sahab obtained a Bachelor of Choral Conducting in 1971 from the Institute of Jnesen. In 1976, he obtained a diploma in Symphony Orchestra Conducting from the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory. In 1977, Sahab returned to Lebanon and wrote reviews that were published in Lebanese and Arabic newspapers and magazines. Sahab also worked as a musical supervisor for the official Lebanese radio station. He established the Beirut Arab Music Ensemble for Arabic Music in Lebanon in"
"Horn section A horn section is a group of musicians playing horns. In an orchestra or concert band, it refers to the musicians who play the ""French"" horn, and in a British-style brass band it is the tenor horn players. In many popular music genres the term is applied loosely to any group of woodwind or brass instruments, or a combination of woodwinds and brass. In a symphony orchestra, the horn section is the group of symphonic musicians who play the French horn (or German horn or Vienna horn). These musicians are typically seated to the back of the ensemble"
"by the Western symphonic orchestra. The following are examples of famous pieces written for modern Chinese orchestra. </div> Chinese orchestra The term Chinese orchestra is most commonly used to refer to the modern Chinese orchestra that is found in China and various overseas Chinese communities. This modern Chinese orchestra first developed out of Jiangnan sizhu ensemble in the 1920s into a form that is based on the structure and principles of a Western symphony orchestra but using Chinese instruments. The orchestra is divided into four sections - wind, plucked strings, bow strings, and percussion, and usually performs modernized traditional music"
"television and radio programs. Since 1990 Noam Sheriff has been professor of composition and conducting at the Tel Aviv University's Rubin Academy of Music and, in the years 1998–2000 its Director. He has also been nominated as one of the 50 most influential figures in Israeli music. Noam Sheriff's works are published by IMI and by C.F. Peters Edition, Frankfurt. Noam Sheriff Noam Sheriff ( * 7 January 1935 – ) was an Israeli composer, conductor, educator and arranger. Sheriff was one of Israel’s most versatile and world-renowned musicians. He was Artistic Director of the Kibbutz Chamber Orchestra (1973-1982); Music"
"than a Romantic music orchestra and a fairly standardized instrumentation; the third is typical of an early/mid-Romantic era (e.g., Schubert, Berlioz, Schumann); the fourth is a late-Romantic/early 20th century orchestra (e.g., Wagner, Brahms, Mahler, Stravinsky), to the common complement of a 2010-era modern orchestra (e.g., Adams, Barber, Aaron Copland, Glass, Penderecki). Among the instrument groups and within each group of instruments, there is a generally accepted hierarchy. Every instrumental group (or section) has a principal who is generally responsible for leading the group and playing orchestral solos. The violins are divided into two groups, first violin and second violin, with"
"1980. He is now the head of 'Opera Masr', as well as being given the title of 'Good Will Ambassador'. Selim Sahab Selim Sahab () is a conductor and contemporary composer. Sahab was born in Mandatory Palestine in 1941, but is now a citizen of Egypt. Sahab obtained a Bachelor of Choral Conducting in 1971 from the Institute of Jnesen. In 1976, he obtained a diploma in Symphony Orchestra Conducting from the Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory. In 1977, Sahab returned to Lebanon and wrote reviews that were published in Lebanese and Arabic newspapers and magazines. Sahab also worked as a musical"
"Workshop, Max/MSP/jitter Applications, Sound Engineering, Audio Applications, and Music Cognition Workshop. He is also a lecturer in Levinsky College of Education and in the Open University Music Departments. Shai Cohen Shai Cohen (; b.1968, in Haifa) is an Israeli music educator and composer. Dr. Shai Cohen is a composer, educator, and jazz performer, former chairman of the Israel Composers' League and an active member in ACUM. He specializes in diverse fields ranging from free-improvisation to electronic and contemporary classical music. His music has been played at events including ""Asian Contemporary Music Festival"" (2003/Japan, 2009/Korea, 2012/Israel, 2013/Singapore, 2016/Vietnam, 2018/Taiwan), ""Moscow Autumn"""
"been a soloist Qhaval (daf) performer in the orchestra of Azerbaijani national musical instruments, and in the same time since 1991 he has been working at the Azerbaijan State Opera and Ballet Theatre and National symphonic orchestra. Between 1989 and 2005 he initiated and founded a few mugham ensembles – trio ""Buta"" with Qhaval, kamancha, and tar (1989), trio ""Ghadim Sharq"" (2000),instrumental quartet, Shajara (2001–2005) and an instrumental quartet ""Ghadim Sharq Roubaii"" (2003) with qhaval, tar, qanun, and kamancha. Tar and Qhaval are the permanent member of all mugham ensembles founded by Mahmud Salah. These instruments now constitute the core"
"length.) The shawm inspired the later 17th century ""hautbois"", an invention of the French musician Martin Hotteterre (d.1712). He is credited with devising essentially a brand-new instrument, one which borrowed several features from the shawm, chiefly its double reed and conical bore, but departed from it significantly in other respects, the most important departure being the fact the player places his lips directly on the reed with no intervening pirouette. Around 1670, the new French ""hautbois"" began replacing the shawm in military bands, concert music and opera; by 1700, the shawm had all but disappeared from concert life, although as"
"Graham Sheen Graham Sheen (born 1952) is a bassoonist, teacher, composer and arranger. He is principal bassoonist of both the BBC Symphony Orchestra (since 1983) and the Academy of St Martin in the Fields (since 1976). From 1979 he has been professor of bassoon at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, where he also teaches chamber music, orchestral repertoire and bassoon ensemble. His published works include solo works for bassoon, chamber music for both winds and strings and three song cycles. He has made numerous arrangements for wind ensemble and three volumes of graded pieces for the bassoon are"
"the composition and conducting department, the musicology department and the orchestral training program of the IPO. The School is located in the Ramat-Aviv campus of TAU as a unit of the Katz Faculty of the Arts. The BMSM maintains a wide spectrum of performance ensembles, including a full symphony orchestra, an oratorio choir, a chamber choir, an opera ensemble, a contemporary music ensemble, a piano ensemble (MultiPiano) and some 50 other chamber ensembles. The school building houses two concert halls (Clairmont Hall and Targ Hall) and a well-equipped recording studio. Some 200 concerts, lectures and master classes are held annually,"
"Shamss Ensemble The Shamss Ensemble is a musical group that performs traditional Sufi and classical Iranian music with the tanboor, Daf (frame drum), Ney and various other percussion instruments. The group was founded by composer Kaykhosro Pournazeri. His sons Tahmoures and Sohrab are also members of the group. Pournazeri formed the Shamss Ensemble with a vision of bringing back the lost art of tanboor through compositions that fused the tanboor with other traditional classical mode instruments. He invited fellow musicians who were familiar playing such classical pieces, they eventually became a popular musical ensemble in Iran. Initially, the group performed"
"String section The string section is composed of bowed instruments belonging to the violin family. It normally consists of first and second violins, violas, cellos, and double basses (or basses). It is the most numerous group in the typical Classical orchestra. In discussions of the instrumentation of a musical work, the phrase ""the strings"" or ""and strings"" is used to indicate a string section as just defined. An orchestra consisting solely of a string section is called a string orchestra. Smaller string sections are sometimes used in jazz, pop and rock music and in the pit orchestras of musical theatre."
"Woodwind section The woodwind section, which consists of woodwind instruments, is one of the main sections of an orchestra or concert band. Woodwind sections contain instruments given Hornbostel-Sachs classifications of 421 (edge-blown aerophones, commonly known as ""flutes"") and 422 (reed aerophones), but exclude 423 (brass instruments). The woodwind section of the late 19th-century symphony orchestra (for instance, in compositions by Wagner, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, and Richard Strauss) typically includes: flutes (sometimes with one doubling piccolo), oboes (sometimes with one doubling cor anglais), clarinets (sometimes with one doubling bass clarinet and/or another doubling E-flat clarinet), bassoons (sometimes with one doubling contrabassoon)."
"at least one instrument capable of playing chords, such as a piano, guitar, Hammond organ or vibraphone; most will usually have more than one of these. The standard rhythm section is piano, bass, and drums, augmented by guitar at times in small combos and regularly in large ones. Some large swing era orchestras also employed an additional piano, accordion, and banjo. The horn section consists of a woodwind section and a brass section, which play the melody and main accompaniment. The standard small combo usually limits itself to one trumpet and one saxophone at times augmented by a second saxophone"
"in Israeli musical history. Since January 2002 he has been the Music Director of the Israel Chamber Orchestra, which, in its first season under his leadership (2002–03), won the praise of the critics and audiences. In April 2004 he was nominated Music Director of the New Haifa Symphony Orchestra. Since 1963 Noam Sheriff has been teaching composition and conducting. He has taught at such institutes as the Hebrew University and Tel Aviv University as well as the Musikhochschule in Cologne and the Mozarteum in Salzburg. Over the years he has directed many music festivals in Israel as well as various"
"Beethoven's Fifth Symphony are famous orchestral excerpts, as is the recitative at the beginning of the fourth movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. In many nineteenth century symphonies and concertos, the typical impact of separate bass and cello parts was that bass parts became simpler and cello parts got the melodic lines and rapid passage work. A double bass section of a modern orchestra typically uses eight double bassists, usually in unison. Smaller orchestras may have four double basses, and in exceptional cases, bass sections may have as many as ten members. If some double bassists have low C extensions, and"
"the tanbour. Currently, the Shamss Ensemble has 15 players. Music of Iran Shamss Ensemble The Shamss Ensemble is a musical group that performs traditional Sufi and classical Iranian music with the tanboor, Daf (frame drum), Ney and various other percussion instruments. The group was founded by composer Kaykhosro Pournazeri. His sons Tahmoures and Sohrab are also members of the group. Pournazeri formed the Shamss Ensemble with a vision of bringing back the lost art of tanboor through compositions that fused the tanboor with other traditional classical mode instruments. He invited fellow musicians who were familiar playing such classical pieces, they"
"a fifth section such as a keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and electric and electronic instruments. The orchestra, depending on the size, contains almost all of the standard instruments in each group. In the history of the orchestra, its instrumentation has been expanded over time, often agreed to have been standardized by the classical period and Ludwig van Beethoven's influence on the classical model. In the 20th and 21st century, new repertory demands expanded the instrumentation of the orchestra, resulting in a flexible use of the classical-model instruments and newly developed electric and electronic"