"This forced O'Malley's hand and he had to declare his intention to stand against Haughey. The vote failed by 55 votes to 22. Those who made up the Gang of 22 were: The name is a pun on the Gang of Four, a political faction in the People's Republic of China who were imprisoned after the death of Mao Zedong. In September 1991 four backbench Fianna Fáil TDs: Noel Dempsey, Liam Fitzgerald, M. J. Nolan and Seán Power (known as the Gang of Four) put down a motion of no-confidence in Haughey's leadership in Power's name. This prompted Albert Reynolds"
"Gang of Four The Gang of Four () was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials. They came to prominence during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and were later charged with a series of treasonous crimes. The gang's leading figure was Jiang Qing (Mao Zedong's last wife). The other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the Communist Party of China through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang,"
"to attack her. She sends investigators to extract forced confessions from her enemies and becomes increasingly paranoid and power-obsessed herself. She forms a power circle called the Gang of Four with herself as the leader, Zhang Chunqiao (whom she found in Shanghai and gave him lots of power), Wang Hongwen (whom she found as a student and Mao promoted to Vice Chairman of the Communist party) and another disciple, Yao Wenyuan. In September 1976, Mao dies at the age of 83. When Mao's will is eventually found, he has named Hua Guofeng, a provincial governor from his home province, as"
"power struggle with other senior leaders in the Politburo of the Communist Party of China. Premier Zhou's most visible and powerful antagonists were the four senior members who came to be called the Gang of Four. The leader of the clique, Jiang Qing, was married to Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong. To defuse an expected popular outpouring of sentiment at Zhou's death, the Communist Party of China limited the period of public mourning; for example, the national flag was lowered to half-mast for only one hour. China's leaders, namely Jiang Qing (Mao Zedong's wife) and Mao Yuanxin, saw the popular"
"diplomacy eventually led to the normalization of Sino-American relationships in 1979. In 1973, Zhuang Zedong became a favorite of Jiang Qing, wife of Mao Zedong and leader of the Cultural Revolution. After the downfall in October, 1976 of the Gang of Four of which Jiang Qing was a member, Zhuang Zedong was jailed and investigated. In 1980, the investigation ended and he was sent to Taiyuan, Shanxi to work as a coach of the provincial table tennis team. In 1985, Zhuang was allowed to return to Beijing again, and it was arranged that he would coach the young table tennis"
"was also an excellent shooter who earned the nickname of ""Two-Gunned Girl General."" When they married, Mao had not divorced his second wife Yang Kaihui, whom he had wed in 1920. Yang was arrested and executed in 1930. He Zizhen had three daughters and three sons with Mao Zedong, but except for their daughter, Li Min, all of them either died young or were separated from the family. Their eldest daughter, who was left to a local family in Fujian, was found and recognized by He Zizhen's brother in 1973, but never had the chance to meet Mao or He."
"for several years, and successfully convinced the only civilian witness, Peng Meikui, not to tell anyone of Peng's death. Peng former bodyguards did not learn of his death until 1976. Peng's wife, Pu Anxiu, had also been arrested by Red Guards and ""sentenced"" to a ""labour reform camp"", where she remained until 1975, when she was released to settle as a farmer in North China. She did not find out about Peng's death until she was allowed to return to Beijing, in 1978, when the news was first publicly disclosed. Mao died in 1976; and, following a brief power struggle,"
"party leadership; the persecution of some 750,000 people, 34,375 of whom died during the period 1966-1976. The official records of the trial have not yet been released. Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao received death sentences that were later commuted to life imprisonment, while Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan were given life and twenty years in prison, respectively. All members of the Gang of Four have since died; Jiang Qing committed suicide in 1991, Wang Hongwen died in 1992, and Yao Wenyuan and Zhang Chunqiao died in 2005, having been released from prison in 1996 and 1998, respectively. Supporters of the"
"death of Mao Zedong, the paper fell under the control of the radical Gang of Four led by Mao's wife Jiang Qing. In October 1976, Vice Premier Ji Dengkui played a significant role in taking over the ""Guangming Daily"", helping Mao's successor Hua Guofeng oust the Gang of Four and put an end to the Cultural Revolution. In 1978, the liberal Communist Party leader Hu Yaobang appointed Yang Xiguang, formerly with Shanghai's ""Jiefang Daily"", chief editor of the ""Guangming Daily"". Under Yang's editorship, ""Guangming"" was the first Chinese newspaper to stop publishing Chairman Mao's Quotations on the front page every"
"her children plucked up the courage to ask Mao for permission to see their parents. It was through his terse consent, ""Their father is dead but they may see the mother"", that Wang learned of her husband's death. Wang spent about 12 years in prison, and was released in 1979 — just before Mao's widow Jiang Qing and her Gang of Four, who were blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, were put on trial. Soon, Liu's reputation was rehabilitated, and Wang received compensation for her suffering during the Cultural Revolution. In 1980, she appeared in court during the"
"appointed an editor to the People's Literature Publishing House and Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution was launched by Mao Zedong, Ye and his wife Tang Yuemei's whole collection of books was burned by the Red Guards, the couple were sent to the May Seventh Cadre Schools to work in Henan. In 1976, Hua Guofeng and Ye Jianying toppled the Gang of Four, the couple were rehabilitated by Deng Xiaoping, at the same time, they started to study Japanese literature. Ye died of heart disease at Chuiyangliu Hospital, in Beijing, on December 11, 2010. In 1956,"
"and allowed to slowly waste away from untreated pneumonia and diabetes. He finally died in November 1969, but the outside world was not aware of this until a Hong Kong newspaper reported his death in 1974. Meanwhile, the Red Guards began turning China's major population centers upside down as teachers, party officials, and anyone in power could be attacked. By the end of 1966, the army began intervening to restore order. Battles were fought, damaging cities and killing or injuring thousands. Mao then tried to restrain the army, and the Red Guards went back on the rampage. His wife proved"
"had also antagonized Mao's wife Jiang Qing, who was growing politically ambitious. In April 1967, at Jiang's instigation, the Red Guards forced Wang to put on a tight-fitting qipao dress she had worn at a banquet in Indonesia, with silk stockings, high heels and a mocking necklace made out of ping-pong balls, as proof of her bourgeoise, counterrevolutionary attitude. The disgraced President Liu died in prison. Wang was put under house arrest, then imprisoned. Her four children were also punished. Imprisoned in Qincheng Prison during the cultural revolution, Wang was kept in ignorance of her family's fate. After four years,"
"and the peasantry during times when food was scarce, although during the more repressive period of the Cultural Revolution, ""yangge"" was itself banned along with many other traditional forms of expression. The Cultural Revolution ended with Mao's death in 1976. Following the arrest and trial of the Gang of Four, including Mao's widow, for perpetrating it, Deng Xiaoping took over as CPC chairman and instituted a program of economic reform which continues as ""socialism with Chinese characteristics"". The pace of urbanization picked up again afterwards. As younger Chinese moved from farms to cities, found jobs and started families, their parents"
"Mao Zejian Mao Zejian (; 5 October 1905 – 20 August 1929) was a cousin of Mao Zedong, who was executed by the Kuomintang in Hengshan, Hunan. She was the daughter of Zedong's paternal uncle Mao Xi and his 10 year old Tibetan concubine, Lhamu Gyatso, whom Mao Xi had enslaved and raped when he was hunting near Lhasa. However, she lived with Mao's parents as her Tibetan mother sold her to them because she thought of Zejian as a liability. She married a fruit seller in Changsha at the age of 12. When Edgar Snow interviewed Mao Zedong for"
"a decisive turning point in post-1949 Chinese history, marking the beginning of the wholesale repudiation of Mao's Cultural Revolution policies, and set China on the course for nationwide economic reforms. The meeting took place at the Jingxi Hotel in western Beijing. Before the plenum, demands for a repudiation of the Cultural Revolution increased, especially by those who were persecuted during Mao Zedong's last year. In October 1976, the radical Gang of Four led by Mao's widow Jiang Qing was arrested, and Deng Xiaoping himself—Mao's chief rival from 1975 to 1976—was officially rehabilitated in 1977. Although Hua Guofeng, who succeeded Chairman"
"and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning. The Gang of Four, together with disgraced general Lin Biao who died in 1971, were labeled the two major ""counter-revolutionary forces"" of the Cultural Revolution and officially blamed by the Chinese government for the worst excesses of the societal chaos that ensued during the ten years of turmoil. Their downfall on October 6, 1976, a mere month after Mao's death, brought about major celebrations on the streets of Beijing and marked the end of a turbulent political era in China. Their fall did not amount to a rejection"
"in 1976 (though Zhu temporarily lost his membership between 1969-1973) and died while holding the highest party and state offices Chairman of the Communist Party (Mao), Premier of the State Council (Zhou) and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the nominal head of state (Zhu). With the demise of Liu, Mao promoted Lin Biao as his deputy, and the ""Gang of Four"" to fill the role of his trusted henchmen. Lin fell out of favour, however, and died in 1971 while attempting to escape to the Soviet Union. The Gang of Four, which consisted of Jiang"
"first the senior Chinese communist officials, then in 1954 Mao himself until Mao's death in 1976. Much of the text discusses the difficulties and frustrations faced by Li attempting to deal with the politics, infighting and personal conflicts of the upper echelons of the Communist Party of China, as well as the difficulties dealing with both Mao as a patient and other high-ranking officials, such as Mao's wife, the hypochondriac Jiang Qing, Mao's daughter Li Na, and the physically (and possibly mentally) unstable Lin Biao. The book also discusses the political climate and events of China in the same period."
"Jiang Qing Jiang Qing (, March 19, 1914May 14, 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary, actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). She was the fourth wife of Mao Zedong, the Chairman of the Communist Party and Paramount leader of China. She used the stage name Lan Ping () during her acting career (which ended in 1938), and was known by many other names. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938 and served as the inaugural ""First Lady"" of the People's Republic of China. Jiang Qing was best known for playing"
"were nowhere to be seen. Mao died on September 9, 1976. At the time, the highest power organ of the country, the Politburo Standing Committee, consisted of Hua, Ye Jianying, Zhang Chunqiao, and Wang Hongwen; Ye was in semi-retirement, and Zhang and Wang were part of the Gang of Four. Hua knew that in the post-Mao power vacuum, his position vis-a-vis the Gang of Four's would be a zero sum game. That is, if the Gang of Four were not removed through use of force, the Gang may attempt to oust him pre-emptively. Hua made contact with Ye days after"
"performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States from February 1943 to August 1945."" Subsequently, he was promoted to Lieutenant General of the Republic of China Air Force. In May 1945, less than two years before the 228 Massacre that marked the beginning of the KMT's White Terror period in Taiwan, Mao was appointed as a member of the Sixth Kuomintang Central Executive Committee. He eventually became the national government's representatives in the United States Aviation Committee and the United Nations Security Council. In 1949 his wife, Wong Ay Chuan (also known as Pauline), and five of"
"of manslaughter, and he was taken into custody. When de Veulle's case came to trial, even though the judge gave the jury clear directions to find De Veulle guilty of manslaughter, after 50 minutes of deliberations the jury acquitted him on 4 April. On 7 April, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy (along with Ada Lau Ping) to procure cocaine and was sentenced to eight months without hard labour. Ada Lau Ping was charged with supplying cocaine and was sentenced to five months with hard labour. She died shortly after release in 1920, aged 29, from tuberculosis. Her Chinese husband, Lau"
"the decade following 1971. For over a year, the Party first attempted to cover up the details of Lin's death. The government then began to issue partial details of the event, followed by an anti-Lin Biao propaganda campaign. After Mao's death, in 1976, the government confirmed its condemnation of Lin and generally ceased any dialogue concerning Lin's place in history. Throughout the 1970s, high-ranking leaders of the Chinese Communist Party, including Hua Guofeng, spread the story to foreign delegates that Lin had conspired with the KGB to assassinate Mao. In 1973 Jiang Qing, Mao's fourth wife and a former political"
"body lost any semblance of a functioning policy-making or executive organ, and it met only on an ad hoc basis. By Mao's death in September 1976, the only members who still attended meetings were Hua Guofeng, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Ye Jianying, with Zhang and Wang being members of the Gang of Four. On 6 October, Hua Guofeng called a PSC meeting ostensibly to discuss Mao's legacy and memorial arrangements, inviting the active PSC members to attend. Wang and Zhang were both arrested at the meeting and accused of ""counter-revolutionary crimes"". Thereafter, only Ye and Hua continued their official"
"Revolution started in 1966, Mao's wife Jiang Qing, who had been a minor actress in Shanghai during the 1930s, began persecuting many of her former colleagues who were familiar with her ""bourgeois"" past. Xu Lai and her husband were both imprisoned for unfounded criminal charges. On 4 April 1973, Xu died in prison after years of torture and maltreatment, at the age of 64. Tang survived the tumultuous period, and lived until 1987. Xu Lai (actress) Xu Lai (; 1909 – 4 April 1973) was a Chinese film actress, socialite, and World War II secret agent. Known as the ""Standard"
"over, and a radical leftist political group known as the Gang of Four, led by Mao's wife Jiang Qing, competed for power within the Party. The Gang saw Deng as their greatest challenge to power. Mao, too, was suspicious that Deng would destroy the positive reputation of the Cultural Revolution, which Mao considered one of his greatest policy initiatives. Beginning in late 1975, Deng was asked to draw up a series of self-criticisms. Although he admitted to having taken an ""inappropriate ideological perspective"" while dealing with state and party affairs, he was reluctant to admit that his policies were wrong"
"Zhu was reinstated in the Standing Committee. He continued to be a prominent elder statesman until his death on 6 July 1976. His passing came six months after the death of Zhou Enlai, and just two months before the death of Mao Zedong. Zhu was cremated three days later, and received a funeral days afterwards. During a ""Strike Hard"" anti-crime campaign in 1983, one of Zhu's grandsons, Guohua, was sentenced to death due to a rape conviction in Tianjin. Zhu De was legally married four times, according to the unfinished biography written by Agnes Smedley; however, there is no evidence"
"the new leadership, believing they grasped little of the Chinese situation, and he soon emerged as their key rival. In February 1930, Mao created the Southwest Jiangxi Provincial Soviet Government in the region under his control. In November, he suffered emotional trauma after his wife and sister were captured and beheaded by KMT general He Jian. Mao then married He Zizhen, an 18-year-old revolutionary who bore him five children over the following nine years. Facing internal problems, members of the Jiangxi Soviet accused him of being too moderate, and hence anti-revolutionary. In December, they tried to overthrow Mao, resulting in"
"trial of the Gang of Four as a victim of Jiang Qing's prosecution. Later, Wang was elected a permanent member of the National People's Political Consultative Conference. She founded the ""Hope Project"", a program aimed at aiding the poor throughout China. She even donated some of her family's valuable antiques, a few dating back to the Qing and Song dynasties, to charity. Wang died on October 13, 2006, at the No. 305 Military Hospital in Beijing. Her funeral was held at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery in Beijing on October 21, 2006. Wang is survived by four children, some of"
"the Gang of Four. Some historians believe that Mao Yuanxin relayed news to Mao that the April 1976 ""Tiananmen Incident"" was planned by Deng Xiaoping, which resulted in Mao's final break with Deng before the latter's purge. He was arrested along with other of their supporters following Mao's death in October 1976, and was sentenced to seventeen years in prison by court martial. Mao Yuanxin faded from public view after the end of the Cultural Revolution. He was released from prison in October 1993 after serving his sentence. He changed his name to Li Shi and worked in the Shanghai"
"several years in prison. The leftists did not approve of Xu's photos of Mao's family life, and did not allow them to be published. After Mao's death and the opening of China, the couple, who had retired nearly a decade earlier, published book collections of their work and arranged their papers. The French film-maker Claude Hudelot made a documentary devoted to their lives, They travelled to Europe, where they were honored with exhibitions of their work in London and Paris. Their photographs of Mao were exhibited at the Photographers' Gallery, London, 8 April - 30 May 2004. Xu Xiaobing died"
"of the CCP. The committee adopted both proposals. After Mao Zedong's death on September 9 of 1976, as Mao's successor, Hua Guofeng felt threatened by the Gang of Four. On October 6, under the support of Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, and other members of the Politburo, Hua Guofeng arrested the Gang of Four. On the following day, Hua was voted in as chairman of the CCP and chairman of the Central Military Committee by a joint meeting of the First Secretaries of the Provincial Party Committees and the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CCP. For proving his legitimacy,"